The Northern Economic Region, (;
tr.: Severny Ekonomichesky Rayon), is one of twelve economic regions of Russia.

Composition
Arkhangelsk Oblast
Republic of Karelia
Komi Republic
Murmansk Oblast
Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Vologda Oblast
All are in the Northwestern Federal District

Socio-economic indicators
The Northern Economic Region accounted for almost 4% of the national GRP in 2008. In the partly arctic zone of Russia, monthly wages appear much higher than the national average, but this is offset by the likelihood of payment being much lower. A higher proportion in the region are employed in a state enterprise, and a lower proportion are secure in their jobs. Unemployment is more than one fifth higher in the region than across Russia as a whole.

Although climatic conditions can be daunting, the life expectancy in the Northern region is almost exactly the national average for both men and women. Youths ambitious for a higher education tend to leave the region; the ratio of students to population is a fifth lower than the national average. And, for those who live in the region, the expectation of life improving is lower than the national average.

References

Economic regions of Russia

Northern economic region (Russia)


The Achaemenid Empire, or Persian Empire, (550–330 BC) was the first Persian Empire to rule over significant portions of Greater Persia (or Iran). It followed the Median Empire as the second great empire of the Iranian peoples. At the height of its power, the Achaemenid Empire had about 7.5 million square kilometres and was territorially the largest empire of classical antiquity.

The empire was forged by Cyrus the Great. It spanned three continents, including parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan; parts of Central Asia, Asia Minor, Thrace; much of the Black Sea coastal regions; Iraq, northern Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon and Syria; and all of the significant population centres of ancient Egypt as far west as Libya. The empire was the foe of the Greek city-states of the Greco-Persian Wars. It freed the Israelites from their Babylonian captivitya nd instituted Aramaic as the its official language. Because of the empire's vast extent and long endurance, Persian influence upon the language, religion, architecture, philosophy, law, and government of nations around the world has lasted ever since.

History
The empire began as a tributary state of the Medes but ended up conquering and enlarging them and includiong Egypt and Asia Minor. Under Xerxes, it came very close to conquering Ancient Greece. The Achaemenids were overthrown by Alexander the Great, who conquered it in 330 BCE.

Kings and leaders

 Teispes of Anshan, son of Achaemenes
 Cyrus I of Anshan, son of Teispes
 Cambyses I of Anshan, son of Cyrus I
 Cyrus II, the Great, son of Cambyses I, ruled from c.550-530 BCE (ruler of Anshan c. 559 BCE – conquered Media 550 BCE)
 Cambyses II, son of Cyrus the Great, ruled 529-522 BCE
 Smerdis (Bardiya), alleged son of Cyrus the Great, ruled 522 BCE (Possibly a usurper)
 Darius I, the Great, brother-in-law of Smerdis and grandson of Arsames, ruled 521-486 BCE
 Xerxes I, son of Darius I, ruled 485-465 BCE
 Artaxerxes I Longimanus, son of Xerxes I, ruled 465-424 BCE
 Xerxes II, son of Artaxerxes I, ruled 424 BCE
 Sogdianus, half-brother and rival of Xerxes II, ruled 424-423 BCE
 Darius II Nothus, half-brother and rival of Xerxes II, ruled 423-405 BCE
 Artaxerxes II Mnemon, son of Darius II, ruled 404-359 BCE (see also Xenophon)
 Artaxerxes III Ochus, son of Artaxerxes II, ruled 358-338 BCE
 Artaxerxes IV Arses, son of Artaxerxes III, ruled 338-336 BCE
 Darius III Codomannus, great-grandson of Darius II, ruled 336-330 BCE

Related pages
 Persian Empire
 Cyrus the Great, Founder of Achaemenid dynasty and King of Persia.
 Darius I, King of Persia.
 Sassanid Empire

References

Sources
 Stronach, David "Darius at Pasargadae: a neglected source for the history of early Persia," Topoi
 Stronach, David "Anshan and Parsa: early Achaemenid history, art and architecture on the Iranian Plateau". In: John Curtis, ed., Mesopotamia and Iran in the Persian period: conquest and imperialism 539–331, 35–53. London: British Museum Press, 1997.

Further reading

From Cyrus to Alexander: A History of the Persian Empire, Pierre Briant, Eisenbrauns: 2002,

Other websites

 Achemenet The major electronic resource for the study of the history, literature and archaeology of the Persian Empire
 Persepolis Before Incursion (Virtual tour project)
 Musée achéménide virtuel et interactif (Mavi)  a vast "Virtual Interactive Achemenide Museum" of more than 8000 items, dedicated to the inheritance of the Persian Empire, from Cyrus to Alexander the Great, is now accessible on the Internet thanks to the initiative of a College de France professor, Pierre Briant.
 Livius.org on Achaemenids
 Livius.org on Achaemenid Royal Inscriptions
 Cyrus' Charter of Human Rights
 Achaemenid art on Iran Chamber Society (www.iranchamber.com)
 Persepolis Fortification Archive Project
 Photos of the tribute bearers from the 23 satrapies of the Achaemenid empire, from Persepolis

Achaemenid Empire


In professional wrestling, something that is "kayfabe" is not real, something that is "acted out" and not happening in real life. Many things in wrestling are kayfabe, that is, they appear to be real (such as the storylines), but are, in actuality, fake.

People who believe that kayfabe acts are real are called marks, as opposed to smarks. Those who know wrestling is scripted but still enjoy the storylines are known as smart-marks, or smarks.

It is unknown where the term came from; it is sometimes believed that the term "kayfabe" is a modification of the Pig latin word for "fake", "akefay".

Professional wrestling

Kayfabe


A Formula One Grand Prix is an automobile event using open wheel cars. The Grand Prix takes place over an entire weekend. There are two practice sessions on Friday. On Saturday, there is one more practice session and then the qualifying session. The race takes place on Sunday.

Formula One Grand Prix are run under the rules and control of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). Typically, a FIA support series, such as the Formula Two, also runs during the weekend.

Practice
All days of the week and times given are local.

The event usually begins on Friday with two practice sessions. The first session, called Practice 1, runs from 10:00 to 11:30. The second session, called Practice 2, runs from 14:00 to 15:30 (or 2:00 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. in the 12-hour clock).

The practice sessions allow the drivers to learn the circuit and the teams to test their cars. Teams may test new parts on their cars. The car's wings and suspension settings may be changed to make the car faster. The teams may also allow one of their test drivers to drive the practice session.

The practice sessions have become more important starting in . With the FIA ban on testing during the season, the Friday sessions are the only time a team has to test new car parts.

The last practice session, called Practice 3, takes place on Saturday from 11:00 to 12:00. This allows the teams a final tune-up before qualifying starts.

Special races
The Monaco Grand Prix used to have a special schedule. The practice sessions that normally took place on Friday were moved to Thursday because of the Ascension Day holiday that occurred on the Friday of the Grand Prix. However, from 2022, free practice one and free practice two now take place on a Friday like all other Grand Prix.

The Singapore Grand Prix, Bahrain Grand Prix and Abu Dhabi Grand Prix are the only night races in the Formula One calendar. Because of this, the session times are changed. Practice 1 runs from 18:00 to 19:30, and practice 2 runs from 21:30 to 23:00. The practice 3 session runs from 19:00 to 20:00.

Qualifying
On Saturday at 14:00 the qualifying session takes place. This session will determine the running order at the beginning of the race. This is often called setting the grid. The qualifying session is split into three parts, called Q1, Q2, and Q3. Q1 is 18 minutes long, followed by a seven minute break. Q2 is 15 minutes long, followed by an eight minute break. Q3 is 12 minutes long. During each part of qualifying, the fastest lap time set by a car is recorded. Drivers may run as many or as few laps as they wish.

After Q1 is complete, the five slowest cars are eliminated (removed) from the qualifying session. This would include any cars that did not set a qualifying time. The remaining 15 cars advance (move on) to Q2. The five cars eliminated are placed in the last five start positions, based on their fastest time from Q1. The procedure is repeated for Q2. The five slowest cars from Q2 are placed in the 11 through 15 starting positions on the grid.

The top ten cars remain for Q3. After this final part of qualifying, the top ten starting positions on the grid are set. The fastest qualifier is placed in the first position, which is known as the pole position. This car will have an advantage at the start, because they do not need to follow any other cars.

Driving a qualifying lap
Generally, a driver will leave the pits and drive around the track back to the start/finish line. This is called the out-lap, and is not a timed lap. This lap often starts out at a slower pace to warm up the tyres. They will be up to full speed by the time they reach the start line. When they cross the line, they will try to drive the quickest time they can around the circuit. This is called a flying lap or a hot lap. A driver may run several hot laps in a row. The fastest of these hot laps is used in setting the grid position. Finally, the driver will slow down and drive around the track. They re-enter the pit-lane on this in-lap. If there is still time left, they may put on fresh tyres and try to set a faster hot lap.

DNQ
In the past, there were more cars entered for each race than the track had available space. When this would happen, not all cars would qualify. The slowest cars would not be able to race and would be listed as Did not Qualify (DNQ) in race results.

Pre-qualifying
In the late 1980s and early 1990s the number of cars attempting to enter each race was as high as 39. It was too dangerous to have that many cars on the track at the same time. A pre-qualifying session was used. The teams with the worst record over the last six months would need to pre-qualify. This including all new teams. Only the four fastest cars from this session were then allowed to the main qualifying session. The slowest cars from the pre-qualifying session were listed in race results as Did Not Pre-Qualify (DNPQ). Pre-qualifying was ended after  when many of the small teams left the sport.

107% rule
As the number of cars entered fell below 26, a new problem started. All cars entered would automatically qualify for the race. Some cars were much slower than most of the other cars. The 107% rule was introduced in . If the qualifying time of a car was not within 107% of the pole time, the car would not qualify for the race. For example, if the pole time was 1m 30s, the slowest a car could go to qualify would be 1m 36s. The race stewards could allow a slow car to race if they thought there was a good reason for it being slow. For example, rain may have slowed down the qualifying session.
This rule returned for the  F1 season.

Race
The race itself is held on Sunday afternoon (Sunday night in Singapore, Bahrain and Abu Dhabi). Thirty minutes before race time, the cars take to the track. They may run several warm-up laps if they wish. When they are ready, they line up on the starting grid in the order they qualified. At race time, a green turns on to start the formation lap. The formation lap is a slow lap around the circuit. The cars warm up the engines and tyres, and all systems are checked. The cars return to their assigned grid spot and stop. The start is called a standing start.

The starting light system is a set of five red lights mounted above the start/finish line. The red lights turn on one at a time, until all five red lights are on. Then there is a short delay of several seconds. Then the red lights turn off the race starts. The delay is different each time to keep the drivers from guessing when the race will start.

The length of the race is at least 305 kilometers. The fewest laps needed to race at least 305 km is determined for each circuit. The race in Monaco is different from all the rest as the race is set at 78 laps for 206.5 km.

The time of the race can not exceed two hours. After two hours, the race is ended the next time the lead car passes the finish line. The race can also be stopped short of the full distance for safety reasons if conditions are bad.

Pit stops
Any time the car needs to be serviced, the driver must make a pit stop. The pit lane is next to the main straight with the start/finish line. The driver must enter the pit lane using the marked entrance road and select the pit limiter button, speeds vary from race to race.  If they do flaunt the limit, they will receive a penalty. The driver stops the car in the team's pit box. Each team has one pit box to service both of their cars. After the work is done, the driver reenters the pit lane. At the end of the pit lane, they enter the pit exit road. Here they speed up the car to race speed. The driver may not cross the white line, until the end of the pit exit lane, otherwise they will receive a penalty.
Pit stops are usually completed in a few seconds.

Dry weather tyres
Teams are supplied with tyres from Pirelli. They receive two different types of slick (tyres that have no tread) dry weather tyre compounds. The prime tyres and the option tyre. The prime tyre is made from harder rubber and will last longer. The option tyre is made from softer rubber. It will provide more traction in the corners, but will not last as long as the prime tyre. Each car is required to use at least one set of prime and one set of option tyres during the race.

The drivers who qualify in the first ten positions must start the race with the same tyres they qualified on. The remaining drivers may start the race on the tyre of their choice.

Wet weather tyres
Teams are supplied with two different types of wet weather tyres. The intermediate and wet tyre. Intermediate tyres are used when the track surface is damp or during a light rain. Wet tyres (sometimes called full wets tyres) are used when the track surface is very wet.

Whenever wet weather tyres are used, the requirement to use both types of dry tyres is dropped.

Fuel
Teams are no longer allowed to refuel their cars during the race. The cars must start the race with enough fuel to complete the full race distance.

In the past, refueling was allowed. The amount of fuel a team would add to the car was part of the race strategy. Less fuel would make the car lighter so it would go faster. But more pit stops would be required to add fuel.

Race end
When the leader completes the last lap of the race, and crosses the finish line, the race ends. Any remaining cars on the circuit race to the finish line and complete the lap they are on. If they are also on the lead lap, they are scored as being so many seconds behind the leader. If they are not on the lead lap, they are scored as being so many laps behind the leader. Any cars not still running are normally scored as retired (Ret). If they have completed 90% of the race distance, they scored with a finishing position.

The first three finishing positions are called a podium finish. The three drivers take their places on a podium. They stand as the national anthem of the race winner's home country and that of his team are played. Dignitaries from the country hosting the race then present trophies to the drivers. A constructor's trophy is presented to a representative from the winner's team.

Points system

Points are awarded to drivers and teams based on their finishing order. The winner receives 25 points, the second place finisher 18 points, with 15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2 and 1 points for positions 3 through 10 and a bonus point for setting the fastest lap for any driver who finishes in a points scoring position. If a race is stopped before 75% of the scheduled race distance has been completed, the points awarded are cut in half. If two or more drivers tie for a position, prizes and points are added together and shared equally for all those drivers who tie. Constructors receive points as well as drivers. Each constructor receives the same amount of points that their two drivers earned.

The winner of the annual Driver's Championship is the driver with the most points. The same hold true for the Constructors' Championship. If two or more drivers (or constructors) have the same number of points, a tie breaker system is used. The one with the most wins is ranked higher. If the number of wins are the same, it goes to the one with the most second places and so on.

In the past, other point systems were used. Also, there were not as many races during the season as today. In the early years, there were seasons with as few as seven races. When F1 started in , only eight points were awarded to the winner. For the first decade of F1, an additional point was awarded for the fastest lap. For many years, only the best number of results would count toward the championship.

In  Alain Prost and Ayrton Senna were the drivers for McLaren. They were the best two drivers of that year. There were 16 races that year, but only the best 11 results counted towards the championship. Prost won seven races and finished seven races in second place. He scored a total of 105 points, but only 87 of them counted for the championship. Senna won eight races and finished second in three, giving him 90 points for the championship and 94 for the season. This resulted in the strange event where Prost took a record number of points, yet Senna won the championship.

Other websites
Understanding the sport
F1 Sporting Regulations

References

Formula One Grand Prix


Oliver & Company is a 1988 American animated musical movie. It was produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 27th Disney animated movie. The movie is loosely based on the famous Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist. The novel has been adapted many other times for the screen and television. In the movie, Oliver is a homeless kitten who joins a gang of dogs to survive in the streets. Among other changes, the setting of the movie moved from 19th century London to modern-day New York City, Fagin's gang is made up of dogs (one of which is Dodger), and Sykes is a loan shark.

Oliver & Company was released on November 18, 1988. This was the same day that The Land Before Time, another American animated movie, was released. Oliver & Company was a success at the box office, but received mixed reviews from movie critics. The movie was re-released in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom on March 29, 1996. It was then released on home video later that same year. It was released on DVD in 2002. It was re-released on DVD in 2009 as a 20th Anniversary Edition. A 25th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray of the movie was released in 2013.

Plot
Oliver, an orange orphan cat, is lost in New York City. A street-smart dog named Dodger finds him. Dodger tricks Oliver into getting some sausages for him (from a hot dog seller named Louie). Dodger leaves the cat behind and runs to the barge of his poor owner, Fagin. Inside the barge are four other dogs. They are Tito the chihuahua, Einstein the Great Dane, Rita the Afghan Hound, and the Francis the Bulldog. Oliver breaks in, and is questioned by the other dogs. He tells them that he followed Dodger because he wanted a fair share of the sausages. Dodger starts fighting with Tito. Francis and Einstein join the fight. Fagin breaks it up. Fagin is in trouble with a loan shark named Sykes, because he owes Sykes money. Sykes says that Fagin has to pay the money within three days. In order to get the money, Fagin, his dogs, and Oliver set out into the city streets the next day. While the poor man is unlucky trying to sell his useless stuff, the animals encounter a limousine that is driven by Winston, a butler. They put on an act to get his attention. After trying to take apart the limousine's dashboard, Tito gets "barbecued". Oliver is tangled up in the wires nearby. Jenny, a rich little girl who Winston is taking care of while her parents are away on a trip in Italy, decides to adopt Oliver. She takes him home at Fifth Avenue. She promises that they will be "good company" forever. The next morning, Fagin's dogs break into the family's house in order to get Oliver back to their barge. This upsets the family's spoiled and selfish pet poodle, Georgette. However, she lets them take Oliver, because she is jealous of the attention he gets from Jenny. When they arrive back at the barge, Oliver explains that he misses Jenny. This upsets Dodger, because he feels like Oliver does not care about being in their gang anymore. Fagin, however, realizes that Oliver is his best hope, because of the gold tag on his collar. Fagin writes a random note to the "very rich cat owner person" at Oliver's address in hopes of getting Sykes's money on time. Jenny reads the note after she comes home from school. She and Georgette go to the docks to get Oliver back. Jenny gets him back, thanks to Fagin. However, Sykes kidnaps her for the sake of the ransom that Fagin has to pay within 12 hours. Oliver and Dodger go after her and battle Sykes' Dobermanns Roscoe and DeSoto, who fall off the car and are electrocuted on the third rail of the New York City Subway. Fagin leaves Tito to drive and saves Jenny, while Dodger and Oliver are thrown from Sykes' car onto the pavement of the Brooklyn Bridge just before an oncoming train strikes and kills Sykes. The next day, Jenny celebrates her birthday with Oliver, Fagin, the dogs, and Winston. In the end, Oliver decides to stay with Jenny. Dodger promises him a special place in the gang, as "vice president". Dodger and the gang all return home with Fagin.

Cast
 Joey Lawrence as Oliver
 Billy Joel as Dodger
 Natalie Gregory as Jennifer "Jenny" Foxworth
 Dom DeLuise as Fagin
 Cheech Marin as Ignacio Alanzo Julio Fredrico De Tito
 Bette Midler as Georgette
 Robert Loggia as Sykes
 Richard Mulligan as Einstein
 Roscoe Lee Browne as Francis
 Sheryl Lee Ralph as Rita
 William Glover as Winston
 Taurean Blacque as Roscoe
 Carl Weintraub as DeSoto
 Frank Welker as Louie

Production
For Oliver & Company, Disney invested $15 million into a long-term computer system called Computer Animation Production System, otherwise known as CAPS. Unlike The Black Cauldron and The Great Mouse Detective, which used computer imagery for special sequences, 11 minutes of Oliver & Company were computer-generated such as the skyscrapers, the taxi cabs, trains, Fagin's scooter-cart, and the climactic subway chase.

Soundtrack
The instrumental score for Oliver & Company was composed by J. A. C. Redford. The movie's music was supervised by Carole Childs. The first song heard in the movie, "Once Upon a Time in New York City", was written by lyricist Howard Ashman. Billy Joel, in addition to voicing Dodger, performed the character's song in the movie.

The track list below represents the 1996 re-release of the Oliver & Company soundtrack. The original 1988 release had the same songs, but with the instrumental cues placed in between the songs in the order in which they appeared in the movie. Using the numbering system in the list below, the order the tracks on the 1988 release would be: 1, 2, 6, 7, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11.

1996 soundtrack listing
 Once Upon a Time in New York City - Huey Lewis; written by Barry Mann (music) and Howard Ashman (lyrics)
 Why Should I Worry? - Billy Joel; written by Dan Hartman and Charlie Midnight
 Streets of Gold - Ruth Pointer ; written by Dean Pitchford and Tom Snow
 Perfect Isn't Easy - Bette Midler ; written by Barry Manilow, Jack Feldman, and Bruce Sussman
 Good Company - Myhanh Tran ; written by Ron Rocha and Robert Minkoff
 Sykes (instrumental)
 Bedtime Story (instrumental)
 The Rescue (instrumental)
 Pursuit Through The Subway (instrumental)
 Buscando Guayaba - Rubén Blades
 End Title (instrumental)

Awards
 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song for "Why Should I Worry?" (Nominated)
 Young Artist Award for Best Family Feature Film - Animation (Nominated)
 Golden Reel Awards for Best Sound Editing (Won)

Revival
On April 2, 2021, Paramount Pictures announced work on a hand-drawn animation movie with Paramount Animation producing, titled Oliver & Jenny. It is unknown if the film is still in production, but it is highly unlikely. The film franchise was originally in development at Walt Disney Pictures as a Walt Disney Animation Studios film but was changed to a Paramount Pictures due to 21st Century Fox has been Acquired by Disney, release before completion. Additionally, while Paramount Pictures, Walt Disney Pictures nor Walt Disney Animation Studios are never explicitly credited, the Paramount Pictures production logo appears at the beginning of the film.

References

Other websites

1988 movies
1980s musical movies
1980s animated movies
American family movies
American musical movies
Disney animated movies
English-language movies
Movies about cats
Movies about dogs
Movies based on books by Charles Dickens
Movies set in New York City

Oliver & Company


Walter Henry Judd or I-te Chou (September 25, 1898 – February 13, 1994; his Chinese name is 周以德), was an American politician and physician, best known for his battle in Congress (1943–63) to define the conservative position on China as all-out support for the Nationalists under Chiang Kai-shek and opposition to the Communists under Mao Zedong. After the Nationalists fled to Formosa (Taiwan) in 1949, Judd redoubled his support.

Early life and education
Judd was born in Rising City, Nebraska, the son of Mary Elizabeth (Greenslit) and Horace Hunter Judd. After training with the ROTC for the United States Army near the end of World War I, he earned his M.D. degree from the University of Nebraska in 1923.

Career
After earning his medical degree from the University of Nebraska, Judd became the traveling secretary for the Student Volunteer Movement. From 1925 through 1931, Judd was a medical missionary in China, sent to assist Edward Bliss. He worked first in small clinic a backwater town, then became head of a large hospital in a sizable city.

From 1931 to 1934, he worked at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Then, in 1934, he returned to China as a missionary physician until 1938, when he returned to Minnesota.

Upon his return the United States, he did not urge Americans to be isolationists. Instead, Judd encouraged support of China against Japanese aggression.

U.S. Congress
In 1942, Judd was elected to the U.S. Congress from Minnesota, where he became a powerful voice in support of China. He served for 20 years from 1943 until 1963 in the 78th, 79th, 80th, 81st, 82nd, 83rd, 84th, 85th, 86th, and 87th congresses. Judd voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Judd was known for his eloquent oratory and expertise in U.S. foreign policy. He spoke at civic and political gatherings around the nation. He was a good friend of Senator Harry S. Truman, and together they spent two weeks in 1943 making speeches in support of the United Nations, doubling up in hotel rooms at night.   In Congress, Judd supported liberal international program such as the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and NATO. He called for removal of ethnic and racial restrictions in the immigration laws. He was an outspoken anti-communist and critic of U.S. rapprochement with China at the expense of the Republic of China on Taiwan. In the early 1950s, Judd helped organize the Committee of One Million, a citizens' group dedicated to keeping the People's Republic of China out of the United Nations.

Judd gave the keynote address at the 1960 Republican National Convention, which met in Chicago to nominate the Nixon-Lodge ticket.

In 1962, Judd was defeated for reelection by liberal Democrat Donald M. Fraser. The District had been redrawn after the 1960 census, making it heavily Democratic. Judd's defeat worked to increase Passman's power on the foreign aid subcommittee. He was the last person to attempt to run for president on a major party ticket to have been born in the 19th century, though he did not make it past the primaries. In 1964, Judd's name was placed in nomination at the Republican National Convention for President and he received a smattering of votes.

According to biographer Yanli Gao:

Awards and recognition

Presidential Medal of Freedom
In 1981, he received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian award. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, he was actively involved in the Council Against Communist Aggression in Washington, D.C.

Walter Judd Freedom Award
The Fund for American Studies, an educational and internship program that works in partnership with George Mason University, annually presents the Walter Judd Freedom Award in cooperation with the Center for International Relations to recognize individuals who have advanced the cause of freedom in the United States and abroad. Past recipients have included former United States President Ronald Reagan, Jack Kemp, Jeane Kirkpatrick, and George J. Viksnins, a professor emeritus at Georgetown University.

Death
On February 13, 1994, Judd died of cancer in Mitchellville, Maryland, aged 95.  He is interred with his wife, Miriam, at Blue Valley Cemetery in Surprise, Nebraska.

References

Further reading

 Frohnen, Bruce, ed. American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia (2006) pp. 459–60.

 Goodno, Floyd Russell. "Walter H. Judd: Spokesman for China in the United States House of Representatives." (MA thesis. Oklahoma State University, 1970.) online
 Ladd, Tony. "Mission to Capitol Hill: A Study of the Impact of Missionary Idealism on the Congressional Career of Walter H. Judd." in United States Attitudes and Policies Toward China: The Impact of American Missionaries (1990): 263-283. online
 Yanli, Gao. "Judd's China: a missionary congressman and US-China policy," Journal of Modern Chinese History, December 2008, Vol. 2 Issue 2, pp. 197–219
 Yanli, Gao, and Robert Osburn Jr. "Walter Judd and the Sino-Japanese War: Christian Missionary cum Foreign Policy Activist." Journal of Church and State 58.4 (2015): 615-632.

External links

 Background
 Publications
 Congress info
 The  Papers of Walter Judd are available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society.
 Oral History Interview, Truman Library
 The Walter Henry Judd Papers, 1922–1988 at the Hoover Institution Archives.
 The Lee Edwards papers at the Hoover Institution Archives contains information and oral histories about Judd.

|-

1898 births
1994 deaths
20th-century American politicians
American Congregationalist missionaries
American Congregationalists
American expatriates in China
American military personnel of World War I
Physicians of the Mayo Clinic
Physicians from Minnesota
Physicians from Nebraska
Christian medical missionaries
Congregationalist missionaries in China
Military personnel from Nebraska
People from Butler County, Nebraska
People from Hennepin County, Minnesota
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota
United States Army officers
Candidates in the 1964 United States presidential election
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
American anti-communists
Military personnel from Minnesota
Deaths from cancer in Maryland

Walter Judd (politician)


Kinnaird Rowe McKee (August 14, 1929 – December 30, 2013) was an American United States Navy four star admiral who served as Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion from 1982 to 1988. He also served as Superintendent, United States Naval Academy from 1975 to 1978.

McKee was born in Louisville, Kentucky on August 14, 1929, and graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1951. He served in the Pacific fleet destroyer USS Marshall (DD-676) during the Korean War and in eight submarines of the Atlantic fleet since that time. After completion of submarine training in 1953, he served in three diesel-powered submarines: USS Picuda (SS-382), USS Sea Cat (SS-399), and USS Marlin (SST-2). In 1956, Admiral McKee was ordered to command of USS X-1, a small experimental submarine. He graduated from nuclear power training in 1958 and joined the commissioning crew of USS Skipjack (SSN-585), the Navy's first high performance nuclear-powered attack submarine. Assignment as Executive Officer of USS Nautilus (SSN-571) followed in 1961, then of the USS Sam Houston (SSBN-609) in late 1962. After three deterrent patrols on the SAM HOUSTON, he served in the Naval Reactors Division of the Atomic Energy Commission from 1964 to 1966. Admiral McKee served as Commanding Officer of the nuclear-powered attack submarine USS Dace (SSN-607) from 1966 through 1969. The ship was twice awarded the Navy Unit Commendation and three times the Battle Efficiency Pennant for operations during that period.

Following command of Dace, Admiral McKee served in the office of the Director, Navy Program Planning, where his responsibilities included strategic warfare, research and development, and submarine and anti-submarine warfare systems. In 1970, he was assigned to the immediate staff of the Chief of Naval Operations, where he established the CNO Executive Panel. As Commander, Submarine Group Eight, Admiral McKee served as the NATO and U.S. submarine commander in the Mediterranean from 1973 to 1975. On August 1, 1975, he became the forty-eighth Superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy. Promoted to three-star rank in March 1978, Admiral McKee served as Commander, Third Fleet with headquarters in Pearl Harbor. From there he was assigned as Director, Naval Warfare, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations concurrent with the expansion of the directorate from its original concentration on anti-submarine warfare to responsibility for all aspects of naval warfare. He developed and implemented the new organization.

On February 1, 1982, he relieved Admiral Hyman G. Rickover as the Director, Naval Nuclear Propulsion. On March 2, 1982, he was confirmed by the U.S. Senate for promotion to four-star rank. Admiral McKee retired on October 31, 1988, after 41 years of service to his country. Admiral McKee's decorations include the Distinguished Service Medal, five awards of the Legion of Merit, and three awards of the Navy Unit Commendation.

He died after a long illness on December 30, 2013.

References

External links

Biography

1929 births
2013 deaths
United States Navy admirals
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States submarine commanders
Military personnel from Louisville, Kentucky
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Superintendents of the United States Naval Academy

Kinnaird R. McKee


USS Admiral W. S. Sims (AP-127) was a transport in the United States Navy. She was later renamed USNS General William O. Darby (T-AP-127). Later her name was struck and she was known simply by her hull number. In 1981, she was reclassified as IX-510.

Admiral W. S. Sims
Admiral W. S. Sims was laid down on 15 June 1944 at Alameda, California, by the Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation at Alameda, California, under a Maritime Commission contract (MC null 685); launched on 4 June 1945; sponsored by Mrs. Anne Hitchcock Sims, widow of Admiral William Sims; delivered to the Navy on 27 September 1945 and commissioned the same day.

Following shakedown training out of San Pedro and post-shakedown availability at the Todd Shipyards at Wilmington, California, the transport sailed for the Philippines on 20 October with 222 passengers. She arrived at Manila on 6 November, and departed the Philippine port with 4,980 troops and passengers, arriving at San Francisco on 25 November. She commenced her second round-trip voyage to the Philippines with her departure from San Francisco on 7 December. Arriving at Manila on the 22d, the transport sailed for home two days after Christmas. Re-routed on her return voyage, Admiral W. S. Sims reached San Pedro with 4,973 passengers on board on 11 January 1946. She subsequently conducted one troop lift from Okinawa, sailing from San Pedro on 3 February 1946, and bringing home 4,988 Army troops to Seattle, Washington on 6 March.

Admiral W. S. Sims made one more voyage to the Far East as a Navy transport. After shifting down the west coast from Seattle to San Francisco, she sailed from the latter port on 27 March for Korean waters, with 2,966 Army troops embarked. The transport arrived at Jinsen (now Inchon), on 11 April 1946, and, after embarking 106 passengers at Jinsen sailed for Okinawa, arriving there on 15 April and embarking 910 additional passengers. Clearing Buckner Bay for the Philippines on 16 April, the ship disembarked 26 people at Manila, and embarked 4,106 others for passage to the west coast of the United States. Admiral W. S. Sims reached San Francisco on 7 May.

Decommissioned at San Francisco on 21 June 1946, she was simultaneously transferred to the War Shipping Administration. Admiral W. S. Sims was struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 3 July 1946.

General William O. Darby

Turned over to the Army for operation with the Army Transport Service (ATS), the ship was renamed General William O. Darby in honor of Brigadier General William O. Darby, USA (1911–1945), leader of the famed World War II "Darby's Rangers" who distinguished themselves in combat in North Africa, in Sicily, and in Italy. He was killed in action on the Italian front on 30 April 1945, while serving as Assistant Commander of the 10th Mountain Division.

After operations with the ATS as USAT General William O. Darby, the ship was reacquired by the Navy on 1 March 1950 and reinstated on the Naval Vessel Register on 28 April 1950 as USNS General William O. Darby (T-AP-127). Operating out of New York under the Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), the transport steamed between Europe and the Mediterranean Sea carrying troops on rotation, military dependents, and supplies. Between 1950 and 1953, she made more than 20 round trip voyages to Bremerhaven, Germany, and back. In November 1951, the ship veered 100 miles off course to respond to an SOS from a German freighter in the Bay of Biscay. Thirteen of General William O. Darby's sailors volunteered to man a lifeboat and brave the 30-foot seas to transfer a critically burned German sailor to the transport for medical treatment.

Departing New York on 20 June 1953, General William O. Darby proceeded to Yokosuka, Japan, via the Panama Canal, arriving at the Japanese port on 17 July to embark Korean War veterans. Returning to Seattle on 29 July, the transport made five more round-trip voyages between the west coast of the United States and Japan in the next five months. After returning to San Francisco on 23 January 1954, she sailed for the east coast on the 25th to resume operations with MSTS (Atlantic), and reached New York on 8 February. In 1954 and 1955, the ship conducted 12 and 13 round-trips, respectively, and, in the first six months of 1956, conducted seven before being deployed to the Mediterranean to support the operations of the 6th Fleet.

Ranging from North Africa to Turkey in that tour, she eventually returned to New York on 6 August 1956. Between 1956 and 1965, the ship conducted some 135 runs to Bremerhaven and back, deploying to the Mediterranean on nine occasions. In this period the ship took part in the mass movement of 50,000 troops to Cherbourg and Bremerhaven in the Berlin crisis in the autumn of 1961, the biggest troop-lift for MSTS since the s:Korean Armistice Agreement in 1953. In February 1963, General William O. Darby brought back from Bremerhaven two paintings loaned temporarily to the United States from the French Louvre, Whistler's Mother and La Madeleine. Scheduled to be shown at a succession of art galleries from New York to Atlanta, the two art treasures were met upon arrival at Pier 4, Brooklyn Army Terminal, by cultural attaches from the French embassy.

With the buildup of American strength in South Vietnam in 1965, all six MSTS (Atlantic) transports, including General William O. Darby, were withdrawn from the New York-to-Bremerhaven run and assigned to duty in the Pacific. Transatlantic sailings were canceled in late July 1965. General William O. Darby and her sister ship, , carried out the longest point-to-point trooplift in MSTS history when they arrived at Vung Tau, South Vietnam, on 13 August 1966 with 3,124 troops embarked between them, having sailed from Boston a voyage of 12,358 miles. They had departed the east coast on 15 July, transited the Panama Canal on the 20th, and fueled at Long Beach on the 27th. The longest leg of the voyage was non-stop, Long Beach to Vung Tau, a distance of some . The Pacific leg of the trip was for the most part smooth for the whole crossing with the exception of a day or two of 15 foot swells. Since there were no docking facilities in Vung Tau, the troops were transported to shore on landing craft.

Placed in reserve at Caven Point Army Depot in New York harbor in 1968, General William O. Darby was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 9 January 1969 and transferred to the Maritime Commission's reserve fleet. At one point in 1976, the state of Maryland expressed an interest in alleviating its overcrowded correctional facilities by the use of the ship. Vehement objections to the retention of the name of the Army war hero on a ship designated to incarcerate prisoners apparently arose, contributing in large part to the cancellation of the ship's name on 6 July 1976. The ship, herself, now merely the unnamed T-AP-127, remained on the Naval Vessel Register.

Awards

World War II Victory Medal
Navy Occupation Medal with "EUROPE" clasp
National Defense Service Medal with star
Korean Service Medal
Vietnam Campaign Medal with one battle star
United Nations Service Medal
Korean War Service Medal (Korea)
Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal

IX-510
Reclassified as IX-510 in October 1981, the ship was towed from her berth in the James River to the Norfolk Naval Shipyard, where she was placed in service on 1 July 1982. In 1987, she was serving as a barracks and accommodation ship at the Norfolk Naval Shipyard, providing berthing and messing facilities for ships undergoing work at the yard. IX-510 was returned to the James River reserve fleet in April 1991, stricken from the Naval Vessel Register in October 1993, and transferred to full Maritime Administration ownership in May 1999. In February 2005 she was towed to Brownsville, Texas, to be dismantled.

References
 NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive – USS Admiral William S. Sims (AP-127)

1945 ships
W. S. Sims (AP-127)
Ships built in Alameda, California
Transports of the United States Navy
Type P2 ships of the United States Army
Vietnam War auxiliary ships of the United States
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States

USS Admiral W. S. Sims


The Blood Divine were a British gothic metal band, founded in the summer of 1995 by Paul Allender, brothers Paul and Benjamin Ryan, and Darren White.  Allender and the brothers Ryan had recently left Cradle of Filth after the release of The Principle of Evil Made Flesh and White had recently parted ways with Anathema. They recruited drummer William A. 'W.A.S.' Sarginson and bassist Steve Maloney and were quickly signed up by Peaceville Records.

Their debut album Awaken was recorded in early 1996 and released through Peaceville Records later that year. At the end of 1996, they toured throughout Europe with Cathedral and label mates, My Dying Bride. In the early summer of 1997, they recorded their second album, Mystica, and guitarist Paul Allender left the band to spend more time with his family (however he eventually rejoined Cradle of Filth). Mystica was released later that year, again through Peaceville Records. The album had less of a goth sound and more of a classic rock influenced progressive sound. The band continued and toured as a five piece, touring the UK with Orange Goblin supporting and then a short tour of Holland at the beginning of 1998. The band were looking to develop their sound and keyboard player Benjamin Ryan was told to leave the band in April 1998. However, this dismayed Paul Ryan, and shortly afterwards the band split up.

In 2002, Peaceville released The Blood Divine compilation album Rise Pantheon Dreams.  The track list included songs from both Awaken and Mystica, as well as two previously-unreleased tracks ("Revolt" and "Forever Belongs"), a live version of "Aureole", and a live cover of The Osmonds' "Crazy Horses".

Allender later rejoined Cradle of Filth. Sarginson briefly joined Cradle of Filth before the band settled in with Swedish drummer Adrian Erlandsson, who was later replaced by Martin Škaroupka.
In 2004, Darren White formed a new band, Serotonal.

Members
 Benjamin Ryan - keyboards, organ, vocals (1995–1998)
 Paul Ryan - guitars (1995–1998)
 Darren "Daz" White - vocals (1995–1998)
 William A. 'W.A.S.' Sarginson - drums (1995–1998)
 Steve Maloney - bass (1995–1998)
 Paul Allender - guitars (1995–1996)

Discography
 Promo Tape (Demo, 1996)
 Awaken (1996)
 Mystica (1997)
 Rise Pantheon Dreams (Compilation, 2002)

References

External links

English doom metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1995
Musical groups disestablished in 1998

The Blood Divine


"100" is a double episode of the American television comedy series 30 Rock, comprising the 20th and 21st episodes of the fifth season, and the 100th and 101st episodes overall of the series. It was written by Jack Burditt and the show's executive producers Robert Carlock and Tina Fey, who is also the series' creator, head writer, and star. The episode originally aired on NBC in the United States on April 21, 2011. Commemorating the 100th episode of the series, this episode was one hour long and included a multitude of guest stars including Michael Keaton, Tom Hanks, Rachel Dratch, Will Forte, Brian Williams, among others.

In the episode, Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) faces news of cancellation for TGS from Hank Hooper after the departure of Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan) brought in terrible ratings. Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) promises Hank the return of Tracy and asks for one more chance for TGS to prove itself with its 100th episode. Meanwhile, a gas leak in the building leads to hallucinations among the characters, such as Jack's imaginings of alternate versions of himself visiting him. In a subplot, Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) considers becoming a mother following a joke she made to Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) five years earlier.

Plot
Hank Hooper (Ken Howard), CEO of the fictional NBC parent Kabletown, informs Liz Lemon (Tina Fey) and Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) of his decision to cancel TGS due to its struggles during the absence of Tracy Jordan (Tracy Morgan). Jack supports Liz, informing Hank that Tracy is returning and convinces him to reconsider the cancellation until after their upcoming hundredth episode. Meanwhile, Kenneth Parcell (Jack McBrayer) suggests to Jenna Maroney (Jane Krakowski) that she'd make a great mother, which causes her to have a hysterical pregnancy in order to augment her career.

Tom the janitor (Michael Keaton) discovers a gas leak that is seeping into the ventilation system of TGS, necessitating the evacuation of all personnel and delaying production of the 100th episode. While repairing the gas leak, Tom inadvertently breaks the ventilation system on the 52nd floor, causing Jack to hallucinate  a visit by an alternate reality version of himself. Alternate Jack declares that he fired Liz because she was holding him back and that without her, he had made his way to the top of GE. As a consequence, Jack meets with Liz and severs their relationship.

Liz is then approached by her ex-boyfriend, Dennis (Dean Winters), whom she had apparently called while under the influence of the gas, hoping to rekindle their relationship. Liz rejects Dennis, who subsequently realizes that he needs to sabotage the ventilation system in order to get her back.

Elsewhere, Tracy goes on multiple morning television shows in an attempt to sabotage the respect he has earned. Unfortunately, his attempts fail, as not only do the hosts interpret his crude behavior as artistic expression, but he also manages to save a man from drowning. Tracy discusses the problem with Jenna and the two realize the only way he could ruin his public image is to shoot someone. Tracy convinces Kenneth to volunteer as his shooting victim on the roof of the building.

As the gas spreads, Jack is visited by two more versions of himself. One is a past version who agrees with his original alternate version. The other is a future version who claims that he needs Liz to distract him from his blind ambition and that he will be much happier if he doesn't fire her. He warns Jack that Liz is about to sign a lease with Dennis, which will lead to them getting married and living in Jacksonville, Florida.

Jack finds Liz and prevents her from signing the lease. Meanwhile, Tom repairs the sabotaged gas line and Dennis is escorted out of the building. Liz then tells Jack that she saw Kenneth and Tracy heading for the roof with a gun. Jenna joins them and the group runs into Hank Hooper on the way, who pitches Jenna a daytime talk show, which causes her hysterical pregnancy to suddenly vanish in light of this new opportunity. They reach the roof just in time to prevent Tracy from shooting Kenneth. Jack advises Tracy that the best way to lose respect as an actor is to return to television, giving a speech alluding to events from Baldwin's own career.

Jack, Liz, Tracy, Jenna, and Kenneth make it back to the TGS set, where Liz discovers that the entire show was written under the influence of the gas and is essentially worthless. She breaks the gas line once again, and with Hooper and the entire studio audience affected by the gas, the show is a hit. A hallucinatory Hooper renews it for "a billion more episodes". Liz and Jack apologize to each other. They then toast to their friendship with imaginary champagne. Tom Hanks, upon seeing Tracy back on TV while watching the episode at home, calls George Clooney (who does not appear) on a red phone and tells him to have Tracy removed from the "official A-list".

Reception
According to the Nielsen Media Research, this episode of 30 Rock was watched by 4.60 million households in its original American broadcast—with 4.80 million watching the first half-hour and 4.44 million watching the last half hour. It earned a 2.2 rating/6 share in the 18–49 demographic. This means that it was seen by 2.2 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 6 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast.

"100" received positive reviews. The A.V. Club gave the episode a B− grade, praising the characterisation but criticising some of the more implausible plot elements (such as the gas leak and Jenna's sudden yearning for children).

References

External links

2011 American television episodes
30 Rock (season 5) episodes
Clip shows
Television episodes written by Tina Fey

100 (30 Rock)


Astra Films was a British film production and distribution company of the silent era. It was set up in Leeds following the First World War by the film director Herbert Wilcox, his younger brother Charles Wilcox and H.W. Thompson, a leading figure in film distribution in the North of England. After the company's initial success, Wilcox left the firm to set up on his own and rose to become one of the most successful independent producer-directors in the world. After a merger the company released films under the name Astra-National.

While smaller than the leading British studios Ideal Films and Stoll Pictures, it was an important producer of films before the Slump of 1924. As was common during the era, many of the same writers, directors and a stock company of actors worked on various different films for the company. After Herbert Wilcox left the company, the majority of films were directed by Kenelm Foss and featured stars such as Mary Odette, Lionelle Howard and Roy Travers.

Selected filmography
 The Breed of the Treshams (1920)
 Cherry Ripe (1921)
 The Street of Adventure (1921)
 The Double Event (1921)
 The Wonderful Story (1922)
 Paddy the Next Best Thing (1923)
 Southern Love (1924)
 Decameron Nights (1924)
 The Flag Lieutenant (1926)

References

Bibliography
 Low, Rachael. The History of the British Film, 1918-1929. George Allen & Unwin, 1971.

British film studios
Film production companies of the United Kingdom
Film distributors of the United Kingdom

Astra Films


The Baltic states are three countries in Northern Europe to the east of the Baltic Sea and the south of the Gulf of Finland. They are, from north to south, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The languages that are spoken in these countries are different: while Lithuanians and Latvians speak Baltic languages (Latvian and Lithuanian), Estonians speak an Uralic language (Estonian).

By their culture and history, the Baltic countries are close to the Nordic countries. The biggest difference in the history was that the Baltic countries incorporated to the Soviet Union in 1940 (during the Second World War), but not the Nordic countries (with the exception of Karelia, a part of Finland which later joined the Russian SFSR). The three countries would become republics of the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR, Latvian SSR, and Lithuanian SSR.

All three Baltic states had their freedom back in 1991, when the Soviet Union came to an end. However, the states all consider the Soviet occupation to be illegal, which has been supported by the United States, European Union, and United Nations. Today, the Baltic countries are some of the richest and most advanced countries which were part of the Soviet Union. They became members of the European Union and NATO in 2004, joined the Schengen Area in 2007, and became part of the eurozone by 2015.

Paganism was the religion of Baltic people before most of them took Christianity during the Middle Ages. Baltic paganism never died out and some people are still pagans.

Baltic states


Jason Edward Repko (born December 27, 1980) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers, Minnesota Twins and Boston Red Sox.

High school years
Repko attended Hanford High School in Richland, Washington, and was a letterman in baseball. As a senior, he posted a .581 batting average with 18 home runs and 14 stolen bases. He also clocked a 94 MPH fastball from the mound. A High School All-American infielder, he was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1st round of the 1999 Major League Baseball Draft, Repko skipped his high school graduation ceremony and passed on a scholarship with San Diego State University to sign with the Dodgers.

Career

Los Angeles Dodgers

He started his professional career as a shortstop with the rookie league Great Falls Dodgers, hitting .304 with 8 homers and 12 steals and being selected to the Pioneer League All-Star Team.

His career was slowed when he suffered a torn ACL during extended spring training in  and missed most of the season. He then suffered a broken vertebra on the right side of his back, and only managed to play in 88 games for Single-A Wilmington in .

Healthy for the  season, the Dodgers had him switch positions from shortstop, where he had played previously, to center field while playing for the Vero Beach Dodgers. Repko hit .272 for Vero Beach, with 9 homers and 29 steals that season and was selected to the Florida State League All-Star team.

He played for the Double-A Jacksonville Suns in  and split  between Jacksonville and the Triple-A Las Vegas 51s.

He made his MLB debut on April 6, , against the San Francisco Giants. He singled off Jason Christiansen in the sixth inning for his first major league hit.  His first major league home run came on April 10 in Arizona off Óscar Villarreal and homered in his first at bat at Dodger Stadium on April 12 against the Giants. He hit .221 with 8 home runs and 30 RBIs for the Dodgers in 2005, playing in 129 games.

In , he was off to a fast start, but suffered a high ankle sprain and missed  months, returning to the Dodgers on July 24. Repko never received much playing time after returning, buried behind the outfield rotation of J. D. Drew, Kenny Lofton, Andre Ethier, Marlon Anderson, and Matt Kemp.

Repko underwent a surgical procedure on October 20 that kept him sidelined for the first half of spring training in  and then when he was finally cleared to play, he immediately suffered another injury in a spring training game on March 22, 2008 at vero beach tearing his hamstring on a warning track mishap. Earlier in the game he collided with Rafael Furcal, sidelining Furcal and causing a severe ankle injury that hampered Furcal all season.

Repko played his first game of  on June 30 against the Houston Astros, going 0 for 4 with 4 strikeouts. He appeared in 22 games at the end of the season with the Dodgers after spending the majority of the season in AAA with Las Vegas.

In 2009, he played with the AAA Albuquerque Isotopes and then appeared in 10 games with the Dodgers in September, primarily as a pinch runner or late inning defensive replacement.

On March 31, 2010, Repko was released by the Dodgers and became a free agent.

Minnesota Twins
On April 6, 2010, Repko signed a minor league deal with the Minnesota Twins. He was called up to the Twins on June 24.

Boston Red Sox
He signed with the Boston Red Sox on a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training in 2012. Repko started the season in Triple A Pawtucket before being called up April 15 due to the injuries of Carl Crawford and Jacoby Ellsbury.

Independent Leagues
Repko signed with the York Revolution of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball for the 2013 season and played with them in 2014 also. In 2015, he signed with the Sioux Falls Canaries of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball.

Bridgeport Bluefish
Repko signed with the Bridgeport Bluefish of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball for the 2016 season. He was traded to the York Revolution. He retired while a member of the Revolution in 2016.

References

External links

Report on Repko returning from the Disabled List and attitude about injury

1980 births
Living people
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Minnesota Twins players
Boston Red Sox players
Baseball players from Indiana
Major League Baseball outfielders
Sportspeople from East Chicago, Indiana
Great Falls Dodgers players
Yakima Bears players
Wilmington Waves players
Vero Beach Dodgers players
Jacksonville Suns players
Las Vegas 51s players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Rochester Red Wings players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Greenville Drive players
York Revolution players
Sioux Falls Canaries players

Jason Repko


Howard Phelps Putnam (1894 – 1948) was an American poet who published two books, Trinc and The Five Seasons.

Biography
Phelps Putnam was born in Massachusetts in 1894 and attended Phillips Exeter Academy. He enrolled at Yale University where he was a member of the secret society Skull and Bones and was among the "Renaissance" generation of talented Yale-educated writers (which includes alumni such as Stephen Vincent Benét, Henry R. Luce, Archibald MacLeish, Cole Porter, and Thornton Wilder).

Following graduation Putnam traveled to Europe and worked a series of odd jobs including a brief period as an assistant editor for the Atlantic Monthly Press and writing advertising copy for an insurance company. Putnam's first book of poems, Trinc, Rabelaisian for drink, was published in 1927. Following Trinc Putnam set to work on an epic, to be titled The Earthly Comedy. In 1930 Putnam was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and the following year he published The Five Seasons (1931). This volume marks the beginning of Putnam's work towards producing The Earthly Comedy, however, Putnam died in 1948 before completing his epic, perhaps thwarted by his ill health (asthma and alcoholism) and the paralyzing ambition of his plans. As F.O. Matthiessen acknowledges in his essay "To the Memory of Phelps Putnam" "he sketched a poem too vast ever to be able to shoulder the weight of writing it". Putnam wrote little in his later years, which largely consists of poetry published in various magazines and lyrics for a musical collaboration with Harl McDonald entitled Songs of Conquest:  Cycle for Chorus of Mixed Voices (1937).

Putnam's love life appears to have superseded his poetic reputation. Twice married (to Ruth Peters and Una Fayerweather) Putnam had numerous affairs, including trysts with Katharine Hepburn and painter Russell Cheney. In her autobiography Me Hepburn writes of Putnam:

"I took one look at him and I was stricken with whatever it is that strickens one at once and for no reason when one looks at a member of the opposite sex. He absolutely fascinated me. I flew up onto a pink cloud [ . . . ]."

Relative Rob Putnam is a TV writer in Los Angeles and writes for Music Connection magazine.

Notes

Bibliography
Trinc. New York:  New York:  Doran, 1927.
The Five Seasons. New York:  Scribner, 1931.
With Harl McDonald. Songs of Conquest: Cycle for Chorus of Mixed Voices. Philadelphia: Elkan-Vogel, Rev. ed. 1939.

References
 Farwell Knapp Papers. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Yale University.
 Hepburn, Katharine. Me:  Stories of My Life. New York:  Alfred A. Knopf, 1991.
 Mann, William J. Kate:  The Woman Who Was Hepburn. New York:  Henry Holt and Company, 2006.
 Matthiessen, F.O. "To the Memory of Phelps Putnam". In The Collected Poems of H. Phelps Putnam. Ed. Charles Walker. New York:  Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1971.

American male poets
1894 births
1948 deaths
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Yale University alumni
Poets from Massachusetts
20th-century American poets
20th-century American male writers
Members of Skull and Bones

Phelps Putnam


Medicin is the science that deals wi diseases in humans, the best weys tae hinder diseases, an the best weys tae mak a body heal an hail.

Fowk that practices medicine is maist aften creid doacters/ mediciners/ physeecians or surgeons. For their wark, mediciners is gien a haund by nourices an mony ither kin o health care perfaisionals.

Medicin
Biology

Medicin


James Blair Steedman (July 29, 1817 – October 18, 1883) was an American printer, contractor and lawyer who rose to the rank of general in the Union Army during the Civil War. A printer by trade, as well as a soldier during the Texas War of Independence, Steedman returned to Ohio and later became a delegate in the state's General Assembly as well as President of Public Works, although he lost his campaign to become a U.S. Congressman.

Col. Steedman raised a ninety-day regiment that participated in the early fighting at Battle of Philippi in western Virginia in June 1861. Posted to the Western theater and promoted to brigadier general under Major General Don Carlos Buell, Steedman was credited with saving a whole division from being routed at the Battle of Perryville (Kentucky). At the desperate Battle of Chickamauga (Georgia), he lent valuable support to General George Thomas, and won praise for saving the remaining Union forces after their defeat. He reunited with Thomas at Nashville (December 1864), taking heavy losses at first, but played a big part in the dramatic victory that ended the war in the west.

Early and family life
Steedman was born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, in the summer of 1817, the second out of five children. He received no formal education while growing up.

Printer, soldier, contractor and lawyer and Ohio politician

When Steedman was fifteen years old, both of his parents died, so to support his siblings he worked as a typesetter for the Lewisburg Democrat newspaper in Lewisburg. Two years later he moved down the Ohio River to Louisville, Kentucky, and found work there again as a typesetter for the Louisville Journal. He worked as a printer until joining the Texas Army of Sam Houston in 1835.
After fighting in the Texas War of Independence, Steedman returned home to Pennsylvania, where he worked on a public works project as a supervisor. In 1835 Steedman moved to Ohio, desiring to become a public works contractor in his own right, but securing contracts proved difficult. Steedman decided to return to his newspaper roots and bought a printing press in the city of Napoleon in Henry County, Ohio, where he began publishing the Northwest Democrat newspaper in 1838. Also during this time he married Miranda Slides, and eventually contracts for public works began to come in. Steedman prospered as a contractor, his firm building early sections of both the Wabash and Erie Canal and the Toledo, Wabash and Western Railway.

Steedman began his career in politics in 1847, twice winning election to the Ohio General Assembly. Afterwards he worked as a railroad conductor and then went to make his fortune in the California Gold Rush in 1849. However, prospecting for gold proved difficult so in 1850, Steedman returned to Ohio. He was appointed to the state's board for public works, served from 1852 to 1857 (as the president three out of those four years). Also during that time, he was admitted to the state's bar association and then established a law practice in Toledo. Steedman became an editor of the North-Western Democrat and Toledo Times newspaper and a major general of the 5th Division in the Ohio State Militia in 1857, holding both positions until the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861. From 1856 to 1860, he also worked as a printer for the United States Congress.

In 1860, Steedman was part of Ohio's delegation to the Democratic National Convention when it met in Charleston, South Carolina, and again was an active supporter of Stephen Douglas in Baltimore, Maryland. Also in 1860, Steedman campaigned unsuccessfully for election to the U.S. House of Representatives for the district of Toledo.

Civil War service

At the start of the American Civil War in 1861, Steedman chose to follow the Union cause and volunteered in the United States Army. He raised and was elected colonel of the 14th Ohio Infantry Regiment on April 27. The 14th Ohio was initially a ninety-day unit, but was re-organized that fall by Steedman when their enlistments were up. Steedman was mustered out of the volunteer service on August 13, and was appointed a regular army colonel of the 14th Ohio on September 1, shortly after the regiment re-enlisted for three years. Steedman and the 14th first saw action in June during the Union victory at the Battle of Philippi in Barbour County, Virginia (now part of West Virginia.)

Steedman and his regiment were then sent to serve in the Western Theater. They took part in Union victory during the Battle of Mill Springs near modern-day Nancy, Kentucky, in January 1862. The 14th Ohio also participated in the Siege of Corinth at Corinth, Mississippi, in late April and early June. Steedman was promoted to the rank of brigadier general on July 17, 1862, and given brigade command in the Army of the Ohio.

Following the Union victory at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862, Steedman and his brigade were sent to join Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell's army in Kentucky that fall. During the Battle of Perryville on October 8, his brigade reinforced Brig. Gen. Rousseau's division, timely filling a gap in the Union line and saving the division from being pushed from the field. Steedman would receive a high commendation from Buell in his official report of the battle.

Steedman and his brigade fought during the Battle of Stones River in December 1862 and into January 1863, with his command a part of Brig. Gen. Speed S. Fry's division of the renamed Army of the Cumberland, now under the command of Maj. Gen. William S. Rosecrans

Chickamauga

During the Battle of Chickamauga in Georgia in the fall of 1863, Steedman led the vanguard of Union Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger's Reserve Corps to Maj. Gen. George Henry Thomas' aid on September 20. From his position north of the battlefield at MacAfee's Church, Granger heard the sounds of the fight to the south. Without orders from Rosecrans, Granger sent Steedman's division to support Thomas' last-ditch defensive effort as the rest of Rosecrans' defeated army raced for Chattanooga, Tennessee.

Steedman moved quickly and arrived about 2:30 p.m., just in time to stop Confederate Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's attempt to turn Thomas's right. Steedman is credited with "performing the most conspicuous act of personal courage recorded by any army officer during the Battle of Chickamauga" and preventing Rosecrans' defeat turning into a Union "disaster."
Military historian Ezra J. Warner stated that "His heroism was virtually the salvation of the Union forces left on the field" at Chickamauga.
During the fight, Steedman was wounded when his horse was shot and killed under him.

In late 1863, Steedman participated in the Siege of Chattanooga, as well as the Third Battle of Chattanooga from November 23–25. He remained in Chattanooga, commanding all forces there until May 1864, during which he was promoted to the rank of major general on April 20. Steedman also participated in much of the Atlanta Campaign, and then commanded the District of Etowah in the Department of the Cumberland from June 15 to November 29, and again from January 5, 1865.

Nashville

In between his stints of district command, Steedman fought with Thomas' army during the Battle of Nashville on December 15–16, 1864. At Nashville Steedman led a "provisional" division consisting of 11 regiments on the Union left. He had arrived over two days from Chattanooga by rail with about 6,000 men, a collection of his own brigade plus men returning from furlough but belonging to other units. Steedman would be the only non-West Point graduate of Thomas' six chief commanders at Nashville.

A few days before the battle, Thomas found a telegram addressed to Ulysses S. Grant, now commander of all U.S. Army forces, written by Maj. Gen. John Schofield, one of his subordinates. In it Schofield complained of Thomas' slowness at attacking the Army of Tennessee, something Grant had prodded Thomas about repeatedly. Thomas turned to Steedman, who was with him at the time, and asked "Steedman, can it be possible that Schofield would send such a telegram?" to which he replied the commanding general must be able to recognize Schofield's handwriting. Thomas admitted he could and asked "Why does he send such telegrams?" Steedman smiled at his commander's innocence and replied "General Thomas, who is next in command to you in case of removal?" referring to Schofield. After a brief pause Thomas let out a quiet "Oh, I see."

Thomas ordered Steedman and his three-brigade division to make a diversionary attack at 6 a.m. on December 15, thereby keeping the Confederate Army of Tennessee's right (the corps of Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Cheatham) occupied all day and preventing them from aiding against the main assault elsewhere. The orders were later modified to say if his diversion could be made into a successful attack, then Steedman should do so. On December 16, Thomas ordered an attack by the corps of Maj. Gen. Thomas J. Wood (along with Steedman's men) against the right of the Army of Tennessee, now held by Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Lee's corps. At noon the attack was begun, but initially was without success. Steedman's men took heavy losses in the first assaults this day, including one of his regiments, the 13th USCT Infantry, losing 221 men, the most of any regiment that day, Union or Confederate. When the rest of Thomas' force finally broke through Cheatham's men on the left as well as the Confederate center at 4 p.m., Wood and Steedman renewed their attack and helped the rest of Thomas' army overwhelm Lee's corps, driving it from the field.

After the Battle of Nashville, Steedman returned to Etowah until he was given command of the Department of Georgia, an assignment lasting from June 27 to December 10, 1865. He remained in the Army after the end of the American Civil War until resigning on August 18, 1866.

Postbellum
After resigning his commission from the U.S. Army, Steedman returned home to Ohio in 1866. During the administration of U.S. President Andrew Johnson, he was the collector of internal revenue at New Orleans, Louisiana, until 1869. He again returned to Toledo, became the editor of the town's Northern Ohio Democrat newspaper, and in 1870 he was elected to the Ohio State Senate.

In May 1883 he was appointed the Chief of Police in Toledo, a post he held until his death.

Death and legacy

Steedman died in Toledo in 1883, and is buried there in Woodlawn Cemetery.

The monument now resides at Jamie Farr Park in Toledo on the banks of the Maumee River.

See also

List of American Civil War generals (Union)

Notes

References
Print

 Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford Univ. Press, 2001, .
Foote, Shelby, The Civil War: A Narrative: Vol. III Red River to Appomattox, Vintage Books, 1986, .
 Warner, Ezra J., Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders, Louisiana State University Press, 1964, .

Online
 www.toledosattic.org Toledo's Attic biography of Steedman
 www.historycentral.com History Central biography of Steedman
 www.battleofperryville.com Battle of Perryville site biography of Steedman

External links

Ohio state senators
People of Ohio in the American Civil War
People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
Union Army generals
Politicians from Toledo, Ohio
1817 births
1883 deaths
19th-century American politicians

James B. Steedman


Topanga State Park () is a California state park located in the Santa Monica Mountains, within Los Angeles County, California. It is part of the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area.

The park is located adjacent to the community of Topanga, within the City of Los Angeles. Covering 11,000 acres (45 km2), with thirty-six miles of trails and unimproved roads, the park's boundaries stretch from Topanga Canyon to Pacific Palisades and Mulholland Drive. There are more than 60 trail entrances. Topanga State Park is not only the largest park in the Santa Monica Mountains, but it is also considered the largest park located in the limits of a city.

History of area
Native American
The word Topanga is an old Shoshonean language word meaning  'above' and referring to the canyon settlement being above the flood waters of Topanga Creek. The Tongva and Chumash peoples inhabited the area for thousands of years. The land of Topanga Canyon was originally inhabited by Native American groups collectively referred to as the Topanga Culture, including the Chumash and Tongva.

Colonial
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo first claimed California for Spain in 1542. The Topanga region was not invaded until after the establishment of the Pueblo de Los Angeles and Mission San Fernando Rey de España in the late 1700s. When Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821, control of Alta California went to the new government. In 1828 the Mexican Governor of Alta California granted Francisco Sepulveda provisional title to the more than 30,000 acres called Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica. The rancho included the eastern portion of the City of Santa Monica, Santa Monica Canyon, and the mountains to the ridgeline on the west bank of Topanga Creek. The land remained relatively unused, except for flat portions used for crops and grazing. The steeper sections were deemed unusable, even for sheep and cattle.

American
California became part of the United States in 1848, and a state in 1850. Eventually ownership of the Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica Mexican land grant was confirmed by the U.S. Land Claims Commission. The land was made available under the Homestead Act. Among the many homestead patents filed in the Santa Monica Mountains, the one filed by a beekeeper named McAtee was for the western edge of the Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica, and area along what became Entrada Road, the current main entrance to Topanga State Park.

In the 1920s, the canyon became a popular weekend get-away destination for residents of growing Los Angeles. Summer cabins were built along Topanga Creek and throughout the area in subdivisions in the surrounding hills. In this same trend, in 1917,  Oscar A. Trippet, Sr. bought half of the McAtee homestead, which he and his family used as a get-away from the city. When Trippet died in 1923, his son, Oscar Jr., commissioned Los Angeles architect Summer Spaulding to build the superintendent's house, horse stables, and a skeet lodge. A stock pond was also built which is still located inside the park at the northeast corner of the parking lot. The Trippet family owned of the land until 1963, when it was sold to a developer.

The next year, 1964, a park bond was approved by voters to purchase Trippet Ranch and some adjoined land. Topanga State Park was opened to the public in 1974. Its land includes more than 7,500 acres from the Rancho San Vicente y Santa Monica land grant.  Additional acreage has been added in the form of 1,500 acres from the Palisades Highlands and another 1,600 acres added in 2002, near the mouth of the Topanga Creek.

Natural history
Geologically, the park has many sedimentary sandstone rock formations, marine fossils, exposed faults, and volcanic intrusions.

Flora

The primary habitats in the park are of the Coastal sage scrub and montane chaparral and woodlands ecoregions. In Trippet Ranch there is a significant area of California oak woodland. The smaller habitats include bay laurel woodland (Umbellularia californica), walnut woodland (Juglans californica), and grassland savannah. The various types of plants and habitats are due to microclimate differences across the park.

Fauna

There are over eighty mammal species and more than sixty reptile and amphibian species. Snakes present include the Southern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus helleri). Topanga State Park is home to many species of migratory and resident bird species.

Topanga Nature Center
The Topanga Nature Center houses a collection of mounted native animals and birds, as well as hands-on displays of natural artifacts.  It is dedicated to the flora, fauna and geography of the area. The center is located in the lodge formerly used by Trippet Ranch for skeet shooting, a short walk from the Trippet Ranch parking lot, and is currently open on Sunday afternoons only.

Recreation
Points of interest in the park include: Eagle Rock, Eagle Spring Trail, and Hub Junction.  Three historical attractions of the park are Trippet Ranch buildings, Will Roger's cabin, and the Josepho Barn.

Trails

Many trails exist within the park, which are accessible to hikers, mountain bikers, and horseback riders, as posted. The primary trailheads are at the Trippet Ranch area, including for the Musch Trail, passing prominent Eagle Rock. Many trails also are wider dirt fire roads.  Unpaved portions of Mulholland Drive are accessible through the Temescal Fire Road and Mulholland Drive.

The Backbone Trail System, a multi-use long-distance trail spanning nearly 70 miles across the Santa Monica Mountains, passes through Topanga State Park. It can be accessed via the Trippet Ranch trailhead.

The Santa Inez Trail is accessible from Trippet Ranch on the west, or the Palisades Highlands neighborhood on the east. The trail's lower section follows Santa Inez Creek through riparian habitats, and then climbs through unique and massive sandstone formations to the Topanga Fire Road and Trippet Ranch.

Funding

California Department of Parks and Recreation
While never actually closed to the public, Topanga State Park was on a list of 48 California state parks proposed in January 2008 for closure by California's then-Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger as part of a deficit reduction program.  In protest, environmentalists and area residents collected more than 17,000 signatures asking that the closure idea be halted, with the petition delivered to the governor by a symbolic delegation of school children. This direct public action was credited with averting the proposed closure.

In July 2012, it was reported that nearly $54 million in "hidden" funds was in the possession of California's state park system, creating widespread anger. The funds were more than enough to have covered any of the alleged state park budget shortfalls, and State Parks Director Ruth Coleman, in charge for a decade, resigned her position, with her second in command being fired. Coleman denied any knowledge of the secret assets. Later, the $54 million figure was reported to be misrepresented, with the actual hidden surplus amounting to $20 million, still enough to cover the alleged shortfall that had prompted the plans to close as many as 70 California state parks. In February 2013 it was revealed that the approximately $20 million had been hidden for as long as 20 years by the California Department of Parks and Recreation.

Federal trail improvements
In August 2012, Congressman Brad Sherman announced that he secured federal funds to help improve parks and public areas. His first project was to help restore sections of the 65 mile Backbone Trail, one of the most popular trails in the park and the Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area. The Congressman said, "The Backbone Trail provides thousands of hikers, bicyclists and other outdoor enthusiasts with an unparalleled recreational experience through the heart of the Santa Monica Mountains. These improvements will enhance that experience and improve safety for everyone that uses this popular trail." The money is going to go to clearing back brush on the trails, fixing and preventing landslides along the trail, and repairing the Chicken Bridge in the park. Hikers have reported significant improvements to the trails, and the project was completed in 2013.

See also
 California chaparral and woodlands
 Chaparral
 List of flora of the Santa Monica Mountains

References

External links

 California State Parks: official Topanga State Park website
 Topanga Canyon Docents — includes information about the park's nature center.
 Image of young woman seated on a rock, Topanga Canyon in either the 1920s or 1930s. Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.

State parks of California
Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area
Parks in Los Angeles
Parks in Los Angeles County, California
Nature centers in California
Geography of Los Angeles County, California
Topanga, California
Santa Monica Mountains

Topanga State Park


An internal focus lens (sometimes known as  IF) is a photographic lens design in which focus is shifted by moving the inner lens group or groups only, without any rotation or shifting of the front lens element. This makes it easy to use, for example, a screwed-in polarizing filter or a petal shaped lens hood. During macro photography, using an internal focus lens reduces the risk of the front of the lens accidentally hitting the subject during focusing as the front element does not move.

The physical size of an internal focusing lens does not change during focus, nor does the front of the lens rotate. This is particularly useful for large lenses, keeping the size more compact, or when using filters or accessories mounted on the front of the lens that may require careful alignment.
One issue internal focusing lens can have is that the true focal length of the lens is reduced when not focused at infinity.

See also
 Breathing (lens)

References

Photographic lenses

Internal focusing


In physics, angular frequency, ω, (also called the angular speed, radial frequency, and radian frequency) is a measure of rotation rate. A high rate of angular frequency means something is turning very fast. The angular frequency is the magnitude of the vector quantity angular velocity which is also known as angular frequency vector .

It is useful in many areas of maths and science as it allows understanding of many properties of physical objects in our world. In SI units, angular frequency is measured in radians per second, with dimensions t−1 since radians are dimensionless.

Theory
Angular frequency is often given in radians per second ()  as it is easier to work with. In this way, the angular frequency is given by,

where  is the time (period) of a single rotation (revolution) and  is the frequency.  This can be derived by considering  when  and .

If a wheel turns by an angle  in a time  then the angular frequency at any moment is given by,

If the rotation speed is constant, this becomes,

and so it is similar to a speed.

For objects which are going in circles, the angular frequency may also be given as (in radians),

where  is the speed and  is the distance from the center of the circle.

This can be derived by considering  where  is the distance along the arc.

Thus

where  is the velocity.

Examples
The angular frequency is important in determining whether an object can stay above the ground against gravity, or whether a spinning top can stay standing. It also is important in creating the frequency of mains electricity supplies and reducing the heat due to friction in engines.

Satellites
Objects are pulled towards the earth because of gravity. To oppose this, a satellite must go fast enough it misses the ground. For the forces to equal each other,

where  is the mass of the larger body and  is the Gravitational constant. To make a circle, the angular frequency must be equal to,

which leads to one of Johannes Kepler's Laws.

Mains Supplies
Generators in power stations rotate at some frequency. The speed at which these turn gives us the frequency that our electricity supplies are at. These can be slowed by large brakes or big heavy wheels which stop the generators from turning too quickly.

Units

Measurements

Related pages
Frequency
Radian
Angular velocity
Angular momentum

Physical quantity
Mechanics
Basic physics ideas

Angular frequency


Lamar J. Lundy, Jr. (April 17, 1935 – February 24, 2007) was an American defensive end with the Los Angeles Rams of the National Football League for 13 seasons, from 1957 to 1969. Along with Deacon Jones, Merlin Olsen, and Rosey Grier, Lundy was a member of the Fearsome Foursome, often considered one of the best defensive lines in NFL history. All four also did some acting; Lundy portrayed the boulder-hurling cyclops in the unaired pilot of Lost in Space (this pilot was later made into episode 4 of the series, entitled "There Were Giants in the Earth").

Lundy was born in Richmond, Indiana, and graduated from Richmond High School; a 2 sport star, Lamar led the Red Devils to the State Finals in basketball, playing for Hall of Fame Coach, Art Beckner.  He was selected to the Indiana All-Star team; he was also an All-State player in football.  When it came time to choose a college, Lamar selected and attended Purdue University, where he was the first black student to receive a football scholarship, and where he was named MVP of both the football and basketball teams in his senior year.  He led the football team in receiving his senior season and was a 2× All-Big Ten (2nd Team) end.  As a collegiate basketball player, Lamar scored 678 points (#73 all-time for the Boilermakers) and collected 533 rebounds (#29 all-time for the Boilermakers).  He was a 3rd team All-Big Ten Center in 1957.  The 6'7" Lundy was drafted by both the NFL and the NBA, but he opted for a career in football. Early in his professional career, Lundy (#85) was occasionally used as an offensive receiver, catching 35 passes for 584 yards and 6 touchdowns. He scored an additional 3 touchdowns on interception returns (coincidentally, on the only 3 interceptions of his NFL career). When he retired as a player, Lundy became an assistant coach for the San Diego Chargers, but was forced by illness to cease coaching.

Lundy died at age 71 on February 24, 2007. He was the first of the Fearsome Foursome to die. Lundy, who battled diabetes, Graves disease, myasthenia gravis, cancer, and heart disease, was survived by two adult sons, two adult daughters, and many grandchildren.

Honors
 Selected to play in the 1959 NFL Pro Bowl.
 Selected to the NFL All-Pro team in 1967.
 Inducted into the Indiana Football Hall of Fame in 1975.
 Inducted into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame in 1990.
 Inducted into the Purdue University Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame in 1995
 The National Rd. West Bridge, in his hometown of Richmond, Indiana, was renamed "Lamar Lundy Memorial Bridge" in honor of him.

References

External links
 Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame profile

1935 births
2007 deaths
American football defensive ends
American football defensive tackles
Los Angeles Rams players
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball players
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
Sportspeople from Richmond, Indiana
Players of American football from Indiana
Basketball players from Indiana
African-American players of American football
African-American basketball players
Burials at Earlham Cemetery, Richmond, Indiana
American men's basketball players
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people

Lamar Lundy


An arsenal is a place where guns and ammunition are made, repaired or stored.

Some arsenals include:

The Kyiv Arsenal factory in Kyiv, Ukraine, which gave its name to the Kyiv Arsenal mutiny of 1918 (also known as the January Rebellion).
The Arsenal in the Moscow Kremlin.
L'Arsenal, now a quarter in Paris.
The Rock Island Arsenal, Rock Island, Illinois, United States.
The Warsaw Arsenal
The Woolwich Arsenal, London, UK.
The Venetian Arsenal, Venice, Italy.
Arsenal, Arkansas
Arsenal de l'Aéronautique, French military aircraft manufacturer

Several places, landmarks and buildings have been named after arsenals:

The Arsenal Center for the Arts in Watertown, Massachusetts, United States.
Several places called Arsenal Hill.
The Arsenal Oak in Augusta, Georgia, United States.
Arsenal Street in Hong Kong.

Arsenal is used in the name of several football clubs:

Arsenal F.C., from North London.
Arsenal de Sarandí, from Avellaneda, Argentina.
Arsenal L.F.C., a women's football club from London
FC Arsenal Kyiv, from Kyiv, Ukraine.
FC Arsenal Kharkiv, from Kharkiv, Ukraine.
Berekum Arsenal, from Berekum, Ghana.
Arsenal FC, from Roatan, Honduras.
Arsenal Tula, from Tula, Russia.
Arsenal Wanderers, from Mauritius.
FK Arsenal, from Montenegro.
FK Arsenal, from Serbia.
Arsenal (Maseru), from Maseru, Lesotho.

In arts, music and culture, Arsenal can refer to:

Arsenal, a Ukrainian film from 1928.
The Arsenal Stadium Mystery a British murder mystery film from 1939.
Your Arsenal, a 1992 album by Morrissey.
Arsenal of Megadeth, a compilation album by Megadeth.
In comic books, Arsenal is an alias of Roy Harper, the original Speedy (sidekick to Green Arrow).
The "Arsenal of Democracy" is a famous fireside chat by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940.
"The Arsenal of Freedom", an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation.
Arsenal (band) is the name of a Belgian music band.
Arsenal (Chicago band), another band.

There are also several man-made objects with Arsenal in their name:

The Arsenal, an automobile manufactured in the late 1890s.
The Arsenal VG-33, a WW2 French fighter aircraft.
Kiev-Arsenal (photo camera) a Soviet brand of camera manufactured by the Arsenal Factory in Kyiv, Ukraine.
Arsenal Shipka, a Bulgarian submachinegun.
Arsenal Gear, a fictional weapon in the video game Metal Gear Solid 2

Railway stations with Arsenal in their name include:

Arsenal tube station, a station on the London Underground in Highbury, named after Arsenal FC.
Woolwich Arsenal railway station, a mainline station in Woolwich, London, named after the Woolwich Arsenal.
Arsenalna (Kyiv Metro), a station on the Kyiv Metro

Companies with Arsenal in its name include:
Arsenal Real Estate Funds, LLC

Arsenal