William Xavier Kienzle (September 11, 1928 – December 28, 2000) was an American priest and later writer.

Early career
Kienzle was born in Detroit, Michigan.  Ordained to the priesthood of the Catholic Church in 1954, William X. Kienzle spent twenty years as a parish priest. From 1962-74 he was editor-in-chief of the archdiocese's newspaper, Michigan Catholic, earning an award from Michigan's Knights of Columbus for general excellence in journalism and a Catholic Press Association acknowledgment for editorial writing.  Kienzle left the priesthood in 1974.

Career after leaving the priesthood
When in 1974, Father William X. Kienzle left the priesthood, through a process called laicization and reportedly due to the church's refusal to remarry divorcees, he became the editor-in-chief at  MPLS Magazine in Minneapolis. Later, moving to Texas, Kienzle was Director of the Center for Contemplative Studies at the University of Dallas. During this period Kienzle authored 24 crime fiction/mystery novels featuring Father Robert Koesler, a Catholic priest.

In 1978, Kienzle published the first, and best known of the Father Robert Koesler mystery novels The Rosary Murders which was made into a movie in 1987, starring Donald Sutherland as Father Koesler. The screenplay was co-written by Kienzle with Elmore Leonard and Fred Walton, who also directed the film. The Rosary Murders, like most of Kienzle's mysteries, is set in Detroit, Michigan.

The Cognac Festival du Film Policier in 1988 presented the Audience Award to Director Fred Walton, and a Special Mention Award to Elmore Leonard and Fred Walton for the screenplay and the Dialogs in the 1987 film. In 1980 William X. Kienzle was a National Award Fiction Finalist for The Rosary Murders".

Personal life
After leaving the priesthood, Kienzle married Javan Herman Andrews, a journalist from the Detroit Free Press.  Kienzle died suddenly from a heart attack at age 73 on December 28, 2000 at home in West Bloomfield, Michigan while preparing for an appointment with his cardiologist.  Javan Kienzle died from metastatic breast cancer on September 30, 2015.

Books in the Father Robert Koesler Series
 The Rosary Murders" (1978)
 Death Wears a Red Hat (1980)
 Mind Over Murder (1981)
 Assault with Intent (1982)
 Shadow of Death (1983)
 Kill and Tell (1984)
 Sudden Death (1985)
 Deathbed (1986)
 Deadline for a Critic (1987)
 Marked for Murder (1988)
 Eminence (1989)
 Masquerade (1990)
 Chameleon (1991)
 Body Count (1992)
 Dead Wrong (1993)
 Bishop As Pawn (1994)
 Call No Man Father (1995)
 Requiem for Moses (1996)
 The Man Who Loved God (1997)
 The Greatest Evil (1998)
 No Greater Love (1999)
 The Sacrifice (1999)
 Till Death (2000)
 The Gathering (2002)

Other books
William X. Kienzle's Biography, Judged by Love, was published after William X. Kienzle's death by Javan Herman Andrews Kienzle.

Sources

1928 births
2001 deaths
Clergy from Detroit
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American crime fiction writers
American male novelists
University of Dallas faculty
Writers from Detroit
Place of death missing
Laicized Roman Catholic priests
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from Texas
Novelists from Michigan

William X. Kienzle


Henri "Hendrik" Conscience (3 December 1812 Antwerp - 10 September 1883 Elsene) was a Belgian writer. His father was French and his mother was Flemish. He wrote in Dutch after the secession from the Netherlands in 1830 left Belgium a mostly French speaking country.

His mother died in 1820. The boy and his younger brother had no other friend than their grim and somewhat sinister father. In 1826 Pierre Conscience married again, this time to a widow much younger than himself, Anna Catherina Bogaerts. Soon after his second marriage Pierre sold his shop and moved to the Kempen region. Conscience often describes this land in his books. It is the flat land that stretches between Antwerp and Venlo.

At the age of seventeen Hendrik left his father's house to become a tutor in Antwerp. His studies were soon interrupted by the Revolution of 1830. He volunteered in the Belgian revolutionary army. In 1837 he left the service and returned to civilian life.

His poems, written while he was a soldier, were all in French. He received no pension when he was discharged. He decided to write a Flemish book for sale. He wrote a series of stories set during the Dutch Revolt, with the title In 't Wonderjaar 1566 (published Ghent, 1837).

His father thought it so vulgar of his son to write a book in Flemish that he turned him out of doors. Soon people of standing, amongst them the painter Wappers, showed interest in the unfortunate young man. Wappers even gave him a suit of clothes and eventually presented him to King Leopold.  Leopold ordered the Wonderjaar to be added to the libraries of every Belgian school. It was with the patronage of Leopold I that Conscience published his second book, Fantasy, in the same year 1837.

The Lion of Flanders was followed by How to become a Painter (1843), What a Mother can Suffer (1843), Siska van Roosemael (1844), Lambrecht Hensmans (1847), Jacob van Artevelde (1849), and The Conscript (1850).

In 1845 Conscience was made a knight of the Order of Leopold. Writing in Flemish had stopped being seen as vulgar.

In 1845 Conscience published a History of Belgium on request by King Leopold I.  Blind Rosa (1850), Rikketikketak (1851), The Decayed Gentleman (1851), and The Miser (1853) are among the most important of the long list of his novels. These had an instant effect upon more recent fiction, and Conscience had many imitators.

In 1855 translations of his books began to appear in English, French, German and Italian. He continued to make novels with great regularity. His publications amounted to nearly eighty in number. He was by now the most eminent of the citizens of Antwerp. His 70th birthday was celebrated with public festivities. After a long illness he died at his house in Antwerp.

References

1812 births
1883 deaths
Belgian novelists
Belgian poets
Writers from Antwerp

Hendrik Conscience


Nicholas Dante (November 22, 1941 – May 21, 1991) was an American dancer and writer, best known for having co-written the book of the musical A Chorus Line. He was the first Latino to win a Pulitzer Prize for Drama.

Biography
Born Conrado Morales in New York City to Puerto Rican parents, his early career was spent dancing in the chorus of Broadway musicals such as Applause and Ambassador.

In 1974, he was approached by his friend Michael Bennett who invited him to the sessions which led to the basis of material for the book of a musical about Broadway "gypsies", the dancers who serve as a backdrop for the leading performers. Eventually, collaborating with James Kirkwood Jr., the result was A Chorus Line, which earned him the 1976 Tony Award and Drama Desk Award for Best Book of a Musical and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. In particular, the story of Paul, the gay Puerto Rican dancer whose early career consisted of working in a drag show, was based primarily on Dante. The actor who originated the role with the famous monologue, Sammy Williams, won a Tony Award for Best Featured Actor in a Musical award in 1976 for the role. Dante played the role himself later on.

He authored a screenplay, Fake Lady, and a stage musical based on the life of entertainer Al Jolson entitled Jolson Tonight, but never again achieved the success he did with A Chorus Line.

Death
Dante died on May 21, 1991, aged 49, from AIDS-related complications in New York City.

References

1941 births
1991 deaths
Tony Award winners
Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners
American gay writers
Drama Desk Award winners
American people of Puerto Rican descent
AIDS-related deaths in New York (state)
American LGBT dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
American male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American male writers
LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people
20th-century American LGBT people

Nicholas Dante


The CSKA Sports Complex is an Olympic Village that is part of CSKA Moscow and was prepared to the 1980 Summer Olympics. It is located right next to a military air field.

Its athletics fieldhouse hosted the wrestling competitions while its football fieldhouse hosted the fencing  and the fencing part of the modern pentathlon competitions.

List of sports grounds
 CSKA Universal Sports Hall (formerly CSKA Palace of Sports)
 Light-Athletic Football Complex CSKA
 CSKA Ice Palace
 CSKA Swimming Pool
 CSKA Palace of Sports Martial Arts (formerly CSKA Weightlifting Hall)
 CSKA Gymnastics Hall
 CSKA Tennis Hall

List of sports grounds outside complex
 CSKA Equestrian Resort
 CSKA Shooting Range
 Hills of Krylatskoye, sports ski resort (built in 2002)
 Peschanoye Universal Sports Resort (Grigory Fedotov Stadium)
 Vatutinki Sports Training Resort

References
1980 Summer Olympics official report.  Volume 2. Part 1. pp. 82–5.
 Sports grounds of CSKA Moscow. CSKA Moscow website.

Venues of the 1980 Summer Olympics
CSKA Moscow
Olympic fencing venues
Olympic modern pentathlon venues
Olympic wrestling venues
Sports venues in Russia

CSKA Sports Complex


The Badger Herald is a newspaper serving the University of Wisconsin–Madison community, founded in 1969. The paper is published Monday through Friday during the academic year and once during the summer. Available at newsstands across campus and downtown Madison, Wisconsin and published on the web, it has a print circulation of 6,000.

The Badger Herald, Inc. is a nonprofit corporation run entirely by University of Wisconsin–Madison students and funded solely by advertising revenue. The Board of Directors, which operates the company, is composed of nine UW students and three non-voting advisers, including noted First Amendment expert Donald Downs and former Republican congressional candidate John Sharpless.

The staff consists of nearly 100 students. The office is located off-campus at 152 W. Johnson St. Suite 202. The paper is printed by Capital Newspapers, Inc., home of the Wisconsin State Journal and The Capital Times.

History

The Badger Herald was founded in 1969 by a group of four students seeking a conservative alternative to the UW–Madison's primary student newspaper, The Daily Cardinal, which editorialized against the Vietnam War and had close ties to leaders of the radical campus protest movement.  When anti-war activists  detonated a truck bomb outside the university's Army Math Research Center on August 24, 1970, damaging several campus buildings and killing a post doc physics researcher, The Daily Cardinal editorially supported the bombers, saying "If Robert Fassnacht had died in Vietnam ... he would be a line in a news story – a number. And that is the reality that some of us have already died to change will struggle to change." While such attitudes were widespread on college campuses at the time, the Daily Cardinal—along with other college newspapers—helped coordinate and encourage activism against military research. The Daily Cardinal would later become more moderate in response to pressure from local media, the UW Board of Regents, staff members leaving, declining advertising revenue, and the radicalism of the 1960s and early 1970s dying down around the country.

Still, The Badger Herald formed in direct response to the then-radicalism of The Daily Cardinal and the campus. After several months of fund-raising, scrounging for desks and typewriters, and renting a walk-up office two blocks from the university's Bascom Hill at 538 State Street, the first issue of The Badger Herald was published on September 10, 1969. In the late-1970s, the Herald moved to 550 State Street. When the Herald moved to its office at 326 W. Gorham Street in 1998, the editors kept much of the furniture, including the original desks and homemade light board. Their offices are currently located 152 W. Johnson St. Suite 202.

Founding editor Patrick S. Korten received financial support for the new paper from nationally known conservative writer William F. Buckley after it ran into financial trouble in 1971. Buckley raised money for the struggling paper by giving a fund-raising dinner speech in Madison, with proceeds going to the paper. It is the only speech Buckley ever gave free of charge.

During the 1970s the paper remained solvent through advertising sales to businesses on the populous UW campus. The Herald has consistently refused offers of a subsidy from the university in order to maintain its editorial independence.

During that era, the paper maintained a consistently conservative editorial policy - one that has since been abandoned - on a campus that was considered so liberal that it was called "The Berkeley of the Midwest". The paper received regional attention and sparked a series of campus protests in 1976 and 1978 by publishing controversial opinion pieces titled, "Mao, Death of a Tyrant", "Top Commie Bites Dust", "Can Africans Rule Themselves?" and "Confronting the Lavender Menace or: The Case Against Homosexuality".

The Herald was the first newspaper in the state of Wisconsin to publish the work of Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial cartoonist, Jeff MacNelly, having signed the exclusive area rights from his syndicate in 1976.

The Badger Herald was first published as a weekly newspaper, went twice-weekly in 1974 and went daily in 1987. When the paper moved from weekly to daily, "its executive board calmed the editorial page's conservative voice," bringing it generally into line with the left-of-center political stance of The Daily Cardinal.  In 2005, the short-lived Mendota Beacon attempted to fill the void left by the Herald's leftward shift by providing a conservative voice on campus.

Early on it established itself as a serious presence on campus, and by the early 1990s, overtook the much-older Daily Cardinal, in circulation and advertising revenue. By 1992, the once upstart conservative alternative campus newspaper had become the dominant newspaper on the 40,000 student University of Wisconsin–Madison campus.

In 2001 The Badger Herald published an  advertisement by controversial conservative writer David Horowitz that argued against reparations for slavery.  Weathering several protests and disruptions in circulation, the Herald refused to apologize for publishing the advertisement. After a flurry of national news coverage, the paper's status as an independent student newspaper stood firm.

The Herald's position was lauded in the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and the Wisconsin State Journal. The Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel editorialized that the Herald is "living proof that the Constitution is a living document".

On February 13, 2006 The Badger Herald editorial board published a controversial cartoon that depicted Muhammad. In the accompanying column titled "Sacred Images, Sacred Rights", the board said it considered the cartoon "offensive" but also deemed it "clearly newsworthy" and a "vehicle of facilitation in the grand marketplace of ideas". In May 2008, a controversial cartoon of David Horowitz, originally published in the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee school newspaper, the UW–M Post, that depicted the conservative writer who is of Jewish-American heritage with a hooked nose, was republished on the front page of The Badger Herald. The coverage of this article, that was accompanied by the controversial cartoon, followed the pattern of The Herald's decision to reprint images considered taboo.

In February 2010, the Herald accepted a text ad on its website from Bradley Smith with the Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust, a Holocaust denial organization. The Herald Editor in Chief at the time, Jason Smathers, defended the decision based on the belief that the community was strong enough to see and reject the ad. After a strong push back from the university community, of which at least 25 percent is Jewish, the newspaper said it regretted the pain the decision caused but ultimately kept the ad up for the entirety of its month-long run. In March 2010, the United States Holocaust Museum used the newspaper's decision in a form letter soliciting donations from members.

In 2013, The Badger Herald became an "online-first" publication, with print editions twice weekly. In 2015, the paper announced it would cut down its print editions to a weekly tabloid product.

Comics
In 1976, when numerous newspapers nationally including the Madison Capital Times declined to run a series of Garry Trudeau's "Doonesbury" comic strips because of their controversial content, The Badger Herald negotiated with the syndicate and was the only paper regionally to print the cartoons.

The Badger Herald today publishes a comics page one day a week in its print edition. Long-running comics include White Bread & Toast (since at least 2004) and Rocky the Herald Comics Raccoon, about a witty, whiskey-swilling roustabout known for his sarcastic observations.

References

External links
The Badger Herald website
History of the Badger Herald

University of Wisconsin–Madison
Newspapers established in 1969
Student newspapers published in Wisconsin
1969 establishments in Wisconsin

The Badger Herald


A plunger is a tool. It is used to get rid of things that are blocking pipes. The plunger is placed over one end of the pipe, and the handle is pushed up and down. Doing this creates a sucking force, which makes the thing blocking the pipe move and unclog.

Tools

Plunger


Book Off () is Japan's biggest chain of second hand bookstores. It is operated by Book Off Corporation Limited. The first Book Off store opened in May, 1990. The first franchisee Book Off store opened in Nov, 1991. The success of the business expanded to 917 stores in Japan and 14 stores abroad (8 in US, 3 in France, 2 in Korea, and 1 in Canada). Book Off sells books including comic books, magazines, and novels, and also sells CDs, DVDs, and Game software. Books are grouped by genres, writers, and prices. The overseas Book Off stores sell second hand books from Japan and also from its own country. Book Off not only sells the second hand books, but also buys the books from customers. For that reason Book Off's theme copy is "お売りください" which means "Please, sell us your book". The company uses this copy rather than "We buy your book" to show respect to customers.

Some Book Off chains, especially ones abroad, have various signboard designs, but still they share the symbol colors of Book Off which are yellow, blue, and red. Book Off has its mascot "Yomuyomukun (Mr. Yomu-yomu)" holding a book in his hands. "Yomu (読む)" in Japanese means "read". Another uniqueness of Book Off is the employees' loud greeting. Employees shout "いらっしゃいませ! (irashaimase! : welcome!)" when customers enter, and "ありがとうございました! (arigatou gozaimasita! : thank you!)" when customers leave the shop. Book Off chain stores abroad also greet customers with Japanese.

From 1999 Book Off Corporation Limited started to expand the business into other second hand stores. B-Kids, B-Sports, B-Style, B-Life and B-Select cover second hand baby goods, children wear, sports goods, ladies' and men's wear, interior goods, and accessories respectively. After the first B-Kid store opened in Apr, 1999, now there are 26 B-Kids, 32 B-Style, 24 B-Sports stores in Japan. Book Off charges about 81% of the business and the other type of stores charge 19% of the entire sales.

Other websites
 Book Off Global Website Book Off official English language website

Retail companies of Japan
1990 establishments in Asia
1990s establishments in Japan
Booksellers

Book Off


Punjab was a province of British India, it was one of the last areas of the Indian subcontinent to fall under British rule. With the end of British rule in 1947 the province was split between India and Pakistan. The area that made up British Punjab streched from Himachal Pradesh in the east to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the west, which itself was separated in 1909; has today been split into the following areas:

Punjab Province, Pakistan
Punjab State, India
Haryana State, India
Himachal Pradesh State, India
Delhi State, India (after the Revolt of 1857)
Chandigarh, former part of Punjab
Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan

Meaning
The word Punjab is named from the "five rivers" which flow through it: the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej, all tributaries of the Indus.

Geography
The Punjab province of British India was a triangular area of country bordered by the Indus and the Sutlej rivers.

Partition

In 1947, the province of Punjab was divided between the new republics of India and Pakistan. The mostly Muslim western part of the province became Pakistan's Punjab Province; the mostly Sikh and Hindu eastern part became India's Punjab state in 1966. Many Hindus and Sikhs lived in the west, and many Muslims lived in the east, and so the partition saw many people displaced and much intercommunal violence. Lahore and Amritsar were at the center of the problem, the British were not sure where to place them - make them part of India or Pakistan. The British decided to hand both cities to India, but because of a lack of control and regulation for the border, Amritsar became part of India while Lahore became part of Pakistan. Areas in west Punjab such as Lahore, Rawalpindi, Multan, Gujrat, had a large Sikh population and many of the residents were attacked or killed by radical Muslims. On the other side in East Punjab cities such as Amritsar, Ludhiana, and Gurdaspur had a majority Muslim population in which many of them were wiped out by Sikh guerrillas who launched an all out war against the Muslims.

References

Provinces of British India

Punjab Province (British India)


The Stevens Inquiries were three official British government inquiries led by Sir John Stevens concerning collusion in Northern Ireland between loyalist paramilitaries and the state security forces. While Stevens declared in 1990 that collusion was "neither wide-spread nor institutionalised", by April 2003 he acknowledged that he had uncovered collusion at a level "way beyond" his 1990 view. Much of Stevens' evidence was obtained from advanced fingerprint techniques to link people to documents. By 2005 the team had identified 2,000 people from their prints with a further 1,015 sets of prints outstanding.

Stevens 1

Loughlin Maginn
In September 1989 RUC chief constable, Sir Hugh Annesley, ordered the initial enquiry about the circumstances following the August 1989 death of Loughlin Maginn. Maginn, a 28-year-old Catholic, was shot by the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) at his home in Lissize, near Rathfriland. Although Maginn had no paramilitary connections, the UDA claimed he was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) intelligence officer. In an attempt to prove the accuracy of their targeting, the UDA published security force documents and a video of police intelligence. (It was later found that the video had been provided by sympathetic soldiers using equipment supplied by UDA double agent Brian Nelson).

Obstruction
Stevens would later claim in a book he wrote that from the investigation's outset there was a concerted campaign to discredit the inquiries among elements of the British media. He also claimed that when he enquired with the British military authorities on whether or not a dedicated Intelligence Corps unit operated in Northern Ireland, he was told that there were no such units currently operating there. Stevens later discovered that the Force Research Unit was indeed operating in Northern Ireland when senior RUC officers blamed the unit for an arson attack at his Inquiry headquarters.

Following their discovery of the then-unknown Brian Nelson's fingerprints on security documents, the Inquiry team encountered a wall of silence as they tried to investigate further: Brian Fitzsimmons, Acting Head of the RUC's Special Branch, became evasive, telling Stevens: We can't help you with this man; and, at the Grosvenor Road station, Nelson's card in the intelligence card system was initially whipped away from the investigators. However, the team persevered and gathered enough fresh evidence to plan a secret operation to arrest Nelson on Monday 10 January 1990.

Stevens went home the weekend before the planned arrest. As he returned to Belfast on the Sunday afternoon, there were two journalists on the plane; they informed him that they had been sent over to cover the raids. It was obvious that there had been a leak, and it was decided to postpone the operation for 24 hours. In the meantime, Nelson escaped to England.

That night there was a fire at the team's incident room within the  secure complex at Sea Park, the RUC's Carrickfergus Headquarters. The main team had left at 9pm but four members unexpectedly returned 25 minutes later to find the room alight. Neither the smoke alarm nor the heat sensors had gone off and the telephone lines had been cut. They made an attempt to tackle the fire but found that there was no water in the fire protection system.

Stevens 3

William Stobie
In April 1999, as part of the Enquiry, William Stobie was arrested and charged with the murder of solicitor Pat Finucane. In June that year, as agreed, journalist Ed Moloney published Stobie's version of the circumstances of Finucane's death.

Overview & Recommendations Report
The "Stevens Enquiry 3", Overview & Recommendations, report was released on 17 April 2003. The report found that members of the security forces in Northern Ireland colluded with the UDA during the paramilitary's killing of Catholic civilians in the 1970s and 1980s, including the solicitor Pat Finucane in 1989. The security forces units accused of colluding with the UDA included the Force Research Unit of the British Army and the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), in particular its Special Branch.

Stevens required three police inquiries, during which time his offices within RUC headquarters suffered an arson attack.

Stevens noted, under "Obstruction of my Enquiries":

There was a clear breach of security before the planned arrest of Brian Nelson and other senior loyalists. Information was leaked to the loyalist paramilitaries and the press. This resulted in the operation being aborted. Nelson was advised by his FRU handlers to leave home the night before. A new date was set for the operation on account of the leak. The night before the new operation my Incident room was destroyed by fire. This incident, in my opinion, has never been adequately investigated and I believe it was a deliberate act of arson.

Stevens concluded:

4.6 I have uncovered enough evidence to lead me to believe that the murders of Patrick Finucane and Brian Adam Lambert could have been prevented. I also believe that the RUC investigation of Patrick Finucane's murder should have resulted in the early arrest and detection of his killers.

4.7 I conclude there was collusion in both murders and the circumstances surrounding them. Collusion is evidenced in many ways. This ranges from the willful failure to keep records, the absence of accountability, the withholding of intelligence and evidence, through to the extreme of agents being involved in murder.

4.8 The failure to keep records or the existence of contradictory accounts can often be perceived as evidence of concealment or malpractice. It limits the opportunity to rebut serious allegations. The absence of accountability allows the acts or omissions of individuals to go undetected. The withholding of information impedes the prevention of crime and the arrest of suspects. The unlawful involvement of agents in murder implies that the security forces sanction killings.

4.9 My three Enquiries have found all these elements of collusion to be present. The co-ordination, dissemination and sharing of intelligence were poor. Informants and agents were allowed to operate without effective control and to participate in terrorist crimes. Nationalists were known to be targeted but were not properly
warned or protected. Crucial information was withheld from Senior Investigating Officers. Important evidence was neither exploited nor preserved.

Under "Other Matters concerning Collusion", Stevens noted:

2.17 My Enquiry team also investigated an allegation that senior RUC officers briefed the Parliamentary Under Secretary of State for the Home Department, the Rt Hon Douglas Hogg QC, MP, that 'some solicitors were unduly sympathetic to the cause of the IRA'. Mr Hogg repeated this view during a debate on the Prevention of Terrorism legislation in the House of Commons. Within a few weeks Patrick Finucane was murdered. Mr Hogg's comments about solicitors' support for terrorism made on 17 January 1989 aroused controversy. To the extent that they were based on information passed by the RUC, they were not justifiable and the Enquiry concludes that the Minister was compromised.
2.18 A further aspect of my Enquiry was how the RUC dealt with threat intelligence. This included examination and analysis of RUC records to determine whether both sides of the community were dealt with in equal measure. They were not.

Aftermath
Loyalist "Twister" Billy McQuiston revealed to journalist Peter Taylor that he and his comrades believed the Stevens Inquiry and the arrest of Brian Nelson did the UDA a favour, declaring "The Stevens inquiry got rid of all the old guard within the UDA and fresher men took over". In its aftermath, Loyalists began out-killing the IRA for the first time in decades, leading up to the eventual ceasefires and Good Friday Agreement.

References

External links
 The Stevens Report on the Sinn Féin web site
 Madden & Finucane
 Pat Finucane Centre
 Deadly Intelligence: State Involvement in Loyalist Murder in Northern Ireland – SUMMARY on the web site of CAIN Conflict and Politics in Northern Ireland (1968 to the Present) part of ARK Northern Ireland  Social and Political Archive in collaboration with Queen's University Belfast and the University of Ulster. This article is referenced in the Stevens Report.
 Scandal of Ulster's secret war — The Guardian newspaper story
 Security forces 'aided' loyalist murders — BBC News report

Reports of the United Kingdom government
History of Northern Ireland
Law enforcement in Northern Ireland
2003 in the United Kingdom

Stevens Inquiries


Spyro the Dragon is a series of video games. The first title was released for Sony's PlayStation. The Spyro series has become very popular since the first release and several sequels and spin offs. The Spyro series has sold more than 20 million units worldwide. The original Spyro series was restarted in 2006 with the release of the Legend of Spyro series. The series was rebooted again in 2011 when Skylanders was released. The first three games got a remake called Spyro Reignited Trilogy (2018).

The Original Series

Console Games
Spyro the Dragon was released on the Playstation in 1998. It features Spyro, a small, purple dragon; his dragonfly companion, Sparx; and a multitude of fellow dragons. It takes place in the Dragon Realms, an imaginary fantasy world, which is itself divided in six worlds: Artisans, Peace Keepers, Magic Crafters, Beast Makers, Dream Weavers, and Gnasty's World. At the beginning of the game the main antagonist, Gnasty Gnorc (a half gnome, half orc hybrid), seeks revenge against the dragons for banishing him and traps them in stone. Spyro was out playing hooky and was spared from a crystal prison. The point of the game is to charge, fly, and flame your way through each world, defeating enemies, saving dragons, and eventually facing and taking down Gnasty.

Spyro 2: Ripto's Rage! is the sequel to Spyro the Dragon. It was released on the Playstation in 1999. Spyro and Sparx accidentally stumble upon the realm of Avalar, where the antagonist, Ripto (a tiny, mean dinosaur with a magic staff), is taking over the once-peaceful lands. Spyro was looking forward to having some rest but instead is dragged into a new adventure. In this episode of the series, the small dragon also meets a number of new allies, including the Professor, Hunter the cheetah, Elora the fawn, and Zoe the fairy, and must face Ripto and his henchmen, Crush and Gulp, two other dinosaurs who are not very smart. The game introduces some new movements which Spyro can do to advance in his quest, including swimming, climbing, and head-butting.

Spyro 3: Year of the Dragon (2000) is the last game developed by Insomniac Games before the series got a different developer. The dragons are celebrating the coming of dragon eggs. This event takes place every twelve years. A mysterious girl steals all the eggs. Spyro, Sparx, and Hunter must follow her down a rabbit hole to the Forgotten Realms on the other side of the world. There they meet many new allies, which are also playable characters - Sheila the kangaroo, Sgt. Byrd the flying penguin, Bentley the yeti, and Agent 9 the monkey. The third game of the Spyro series also feature levels in which the player controls Sparx in a bird's eye view shooting game. Spyro and his new friends must find out why the Sorceress stole the eggs, what she plans to do with them, and how to stop her.

Spyro: Enter the Dragonfly (2002) was released for both the Sony PlayStation 2 and Nintendo GameCube consoles. In this game, Ripto steals the dragonflies from the dragons, and Spyro has to find them all and defeat Ripto.

Spyro: A Hero's Tail (2004) is available for Sony PlayStation 2, Microsoft Xbox and Nintendo GameCube. In this game, a dragon named Red uses evil Dark Gems to poison the Dragon Worlds.

GameBoy Advance Games
The following Spyro games are available for the Nintendo GameBoy Advance portable console:
Spyro: Season of Ice (2001)  is the first Spyro game on the GameBoy Advance. Spyro must use his fire breath to rescue the fairies who have been frozen by a monster named Grendor.
Spyro 2: Season of Flame (2002) is the sequel to Season of Ice. In this game, Spyro must get back the stolen fireflies.
Spyro: Attack of the Rhynocs (2003) tasks Spyro with collecting the "Heart" of each land to stop Ripto's latest evil plan.
Crash Bandicoot Purple: Ripto's Rampage and Spyro Orange: The Cortex Conspiracy (2004) are two crossover games that were released at the same time. Spyro Orange features Spyro in Crash Bandicoot's world, and Crash Bandicoot Purple features Crash Bandicoot in Spyro's world.

Nintendo DS Games
Spyro: Shadow Legacy (2005) is the first and only Nintendo DS Spyro game. It is also the last Spyro game in the original series before the Legend of Spyro reboot. Spyro has to save everyone who lives in The Dragon Realms, Avalar, The Forgotten Worlds from a place called the Shadow Realm.

Original Series Characters
Spyro, the main protagonist, a purple dragon.
Sparx is Spyro's companion. In the game, Sparx acts as a "living" health bar: his color indicates how many hit points Spyro has. Sparx can get more hit points if Spyro kills several animals (sheep, frogs, etc.)
Hunter was Introduced in Ripto's Rage. Helps the player learn different abilities and occasionally challenges Spyro to various races.
Moneybags, a wealthy bear who sells Spyro the ability to climb, swim, etc. as well as unlock bridges and passageways.
The Professor, the creator of the Super-portal in Avalar.
Elora, a fawn and one of Spyro's friends.

The Legend of Spyro Series
The Legend of Spyro: A New Beginning (2006) is the first game in the Legend of Spyro series. Spyro was raised by a family of dragonflies, including Sparx. One day he realizes he is not a dragonfly, but a dragon. Spyro meets a dragon Guardian named Ignitus, who tells Spyro that because he is purple, he is a special dragon who can breathe all four elements: fire, electricity, ice, and earth. This kicks off the start of his journey to save the remaining Guardian dragons in the world, Volteer, the Guardian of electricity; Cyril, the Guardian of ice, and Terrador, the Guardian of earth.  They teach Spyro to master their elements after he rescues them. Spyro also has to defeat Cynder, a mysterious, evil dragon, who is working for the main antagonist of the series, the Dark Master.

The Legend of Spyro: The Eternal Night (2007) is the sequel to "A New Beginning." Cynder leaves the Dragon Temple because she feels guilty for what she did before she became good. Spyro goes after her. The Temple is then attacked apes, and Spyro has to defeat them. Spyro is eventually captured by pirates and has to escape. He also has to save Cynder, who has also been captured.

The Legend of Spyro: Dawn of the Dragon (2008) is the last game in the Legend of Spyro series. The characters and graphics are very different than the other two games. This is the first Spyro game that allows a player to fly at any time (free-fly mode). The game also has a co-op mode with Cynder. The story of game starts three years after the end of "The Eternal Night." Spyro and Cynder escape from the crystals that trapped them and are then bonded together with mysterious green energy chains created by the Dark Master. They have to work together to defeat the Dark Master, Malefor, once and for all.

Skylanders
Skylanders is a multi-platform spin-off series of games that replaced the Spyro series. The game is played with real toys that can be used in the game.

Skylanders Games
Skylanders: Spyro's Adventure (2011) – Microsoft Windows, Nintendo 3DS, OS X, PlayStation 3, Wii, Xbox 360, Wii U

Skylanders: Giants  (2012) – Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, Wii, Wii U, Xbox 360

Skylanders: Swap Force (2013) – Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, Wii, Wii U, Xbox 360, PlayStation 4, Xbox One

Skylanders: Trap Team (2014) – Nintendo 3DS, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Wii, Wii U, Xbox 360, Xbox One

References

Other websites
 Spyro the Dragon universe on MobyGames

3D platform games

Spyro (series)


The Vicente Calderón Stadium (Spanish: Estadio Vicente Calderón) was the home stadium of Atlético Madrid from 1966 to 2017. It had a capacity of 54,907 and is located on the banks of the Manzanares River, in the Arganzuela district of Madrid, Spain. The stadium was originally called the Estadio Manzanares from 1966 to 1971, but this was later changed to the Vicente Calderón Stadium in 1972, in honor of their club President Vicente Calderón. The stadium will be demolished in 2018.

References

Football stadiums in Spain

Vicente Calderón Stadium


Cologne or Eau de Cologne is a toiletry, a perfume in a style of that originated from Cologne, Germany. Nowadays, it's used as a term for scented formulations with a concentration of about 2-5% essential oils. Cologne may be used by men or women.

Composition
In a base of dilute ethanol (70-90%), Eau de Cologne contains a mixture of citrus oils including oils of lemon, orange, tangerine, bergamot, lime, grapefruit and neroli. It can also contain oils of lavender, rosemary, thyme, petitgrain (orange leaf), and jasmine.

History
Eau de Cologne is a spirit-citrus perfume launched in Cologne in 1709 by Giovanni Maria Farina (1685-1766), an Italian perfumer from Santa Maria Maggiore Valle Vigezzo, Italy. In 1708, Farina wrote to his brother Jean Baptiste: "I have found a fragrance that reminds me of an Italian spring morning, of mountain daffodils and orange blossoms after the rain" (Eckstein p.8). He named his fragrance Eau de Cologne, in honour of his new hometown.

The Original Eau de Cologne composed by Farina was used only as a perfume and delivered to "nearly all royal houses in Europe" (Farina Fragrance Museum information leaflet). His ability to produce a constantly homogenous fragrance consisting of dozens of monoessences was seen as a sensation at the time. When free trade was established in Cologne by the French in 1797, the success of Eau de Cologne prompted countless other businessmen to sell their own fragrances under the name of Eau de Cologne and even Farina.

Giovanni Maria Farina's formula has been produced in Cologne since 1709 by Farina opposite the Jülichplatz and to this day remains a secret. His shop at Obenmarspforten opened in 1709 and is today the world's oldest fragrance factory. Other Colognes, such as the famous Cologne 4711, named after its location at "Glockengasse No. 4711", have the name in common but smell different. In 1806, Jean Marie Joseph Farina, a grand-grand-nephew of Giovanni Maria Farina (1685-1766), opened a perfumery business at Paris that developed into Roger & Gallet, that owns the rights to Eau de Cologne extra vielle in contrast to the Original Eau de Cologne from Cologne.

Eau de Cologne, or just "cologne", has now become a generic term.

Perfumery

Eau de Cologne


The sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a living  annual plant in the family Asteraceae, with a large flower head (capitulum). The stem of the flower can grow up to 3 metres tall, with a flower head that can be 30 cm wide.  Other types of sunflowers include the California Royal Sunflower, which has a burgundy (red + purple) flower head.

The flower head is actually an inflorescence made of hundreds or thousands of tiny flowers called florets. The central florets look like the centre of a normal flower, apseudanthium. The benefit to the plant is that it is very easily seen by the insects and birds which pollinate it, and it produces thousands of seeds.

The sunflower is the state flower of Kansas. That is why Kansas is sometimes called the Sunflower State.
To grow well, sunflowers need full sun. They grow best in fertile, wet, well-drained soil with a lot of mulch. In commercial planting, seeds are planted 45 cm (1.5 ft) apart and 2.5 cm (1 in) deep.

Description

The outer petal-bearing florets are the sterile florets and can be yellow, red, orange, or other colors. The florets inside the circular head are called disc florets, which mature into seeds.

The flower petals within the sunflower's cluster are always in a spiral pattern. Generally, each floret is oriented toward the next by approximately the golden angle, 137.5°, producing a pattern of interconnecting spirals, where the number of left spirals and the number of right spirals are successive Fibonacci numbers. Typically, there are 34 spirals in one direction and 55 in the other; on a very large sunflower there could be 89 in one direction and 144 in the other.

Sunflowers commonly grow to heights between 1.5 and 3.5 m (5–12 ft.). The tallest sunflower confirmed by Guinness World Records is 9.17 m (2014, Germany). In 16th century Europe the record was already 7.3 m (24 ft., Spain). Most cultivars are variants of H. annuus, but four other species (all perennials) are also domesticated. This includes H. tuberosus, the Jerusalem Artichoke, which produces edible tubers.

As food
Sunflower "whole seed" (fruit) are sold as a snack food, after roasting in ovens, with or without salt added. Sunflowers can be processed into a peanut butter alternative, Sunbutter. In Germany, it is mixed together with rye flour to make Sonnenblumenkernbrot (literally: sunflower whole seed bread), which is quite popular in German-speaking Europe. It is also sold as food for birds and can be used directly in cooking and salads.
Sunflower oil, extracted from the seeds, is used for cooking, as a carrier oil and to produce margarine and biodiesel, as it is cheaper than olive oil. A range of sunflower varieties exist with differing fatty acid compositions; some 'high oleic' types contain a higher level of healthy monounsaturated fats in their oil than Olive oil.

The cake remaining after the seeds have been processed for oil is used as a livestock feed. Some recently developed cultivars have drooping heads. These cultivars are less attractive to gardeners growing the flowers as ornamental plants, but appeal to farmers, because they reduce bird damage and losses from some plant diseases. Sunflowers also produce latex and are the subject of experiments to improve their suitability as an alternative crop for producing hypoallergenic rubber.
Traditionally, several Native American groups planted sunflowers on the north edges of their gardens as a "fourth sister" to the better known three sisters combination of corn, beans, and squash.[9] Annual species are often planted for their allelopathic properties. However, for commercial farmers growing commodity crops, the sunflower, like any other unwanted plant, is often considered a weed. Especially in the midwestern USA, wild (perennial) species are often found in corn and soybean fields and can have a negative impact on yields.
Sunflowers may also be used to extract toxic ingredients from soil, such as lead, arsenic and uranium. They were used to remove uranium, cesium-137, and strontium-90 from soil after the Chernobyl disaster (see phytoremediation).

References

Flowers
Asteraceae
Symbols of Kansas

Sunflower


Kaltag  is a town in Alaska. Kaltag is on the west bank of the Yukon River, 120 km (75 miles) west of Galena. In 2020, there were 158 people living in Kaltag. Most of the people who live in Kaltag are Native Americans.

History
The first people to live in the area were the Koyokon people, part of the Athabascan nation. They used Kaltag as a cemetery for surrounding villages. It is on an old walking track which led west through the mountains to Unalakleet. The Athabascans had many camps in the area. They moved as the animals they hunted for food moved to different areas. There were 12 summer fish camps on the Yukon River between the Koyukuk River and the Nowitna River.

The Russians named Kaltag after a Koyokon man named Kaltaga.

In 1839 smallpox killed many of the people who lived in the area.

When the United States took over Alaska, the army built a telegraph line along the north side of the Yukon River. A trading post opened around 1880. There was a gold rush in 1884-85. Steamboats travelled along the river carrying supplies for the gold miners. In 1900 there were 46 steamboats on the river. Measles and food shortages during 1900 reduced the population of the area by one-third. The village of Kaltag began after this when the people who were left in three nearby villages moved to the area.

By 1906, most of the people looking gold had left for Fairbanks or Nome. The Galena lead mines opened 1919. Kaltag was down the river from the mines and grew as a point on the transportation route for the mines. It declined in the 1940s as mining declined.

The old cemetery was washed into the river around 1937. An airport and medical clinic were built during the 1960s.

Kaltag today
Kaltag has a week long Stick Dance Festival every two years that draws visitors from many other villages. This festival is held by relatives of people who have died, to thank those who helped during their time of mourning.

Most of the people in Kaltag live by hunting and fishing. Salmon, whitefish, moose, bear, waterfowl and berries are the main foods.

References

Cities in Alaska

Kaltag, Alaska


Elizabeth Helen Blackburn,  (born 26 November 1948) is an Australian-American Nobel laureate who is the former president of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.  In 1984, Blackburn co-discovered telomerase, the enzyme that replenishes the telomere, with Carol W. Greider. For this work, she was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, sharing it with Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak, becoming the first Australian woman Nobel laureate.

She also worked in medical ethics, and was controversially dismissed from the Bush administration's President's Council on Bioethics.  170 scientists signed an open letter to the president in her support, maintaining that she was fired because of political opposition to her advice.

Early life and education

Elizabeth Helen Blackburn, the second of seven children, was born in Hobart, Tasmania, on 26 November 1948 to parents, both family physicians. Her family moved to the city of Launceston when she was four, where she attended the Broadland House Church of England Girls' Grammar School (later amalgamated with Launceston Church Grammar School) until the age of sixteen.

Upon her family's relocation to Melbourne, she attended University High School, and ultimately gained very high marks in the end-of-year final statewide matriculation exams. She went on to earn a Bachelor of Science in 1970 and Master of Science in 1972, both from the University of Melbourne in the field of biochemistry. Blackburn then went to receive her PhD in 1975 from Darwin College at the University of Cambridge, for work she did with Frederick Sanger at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology developing methods to sequence DNA using RNA, as well as studying the bacteriophage Phi X 174.

Career and research
During her postdoctoral work at Yale, Blackburn was doing research on the protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila and noticed a repeating codon at the end of the linear rDNA which varied in size. Blackburn then noticed that this hexanucleotide at the end of the chromosome contained a TTAGGG sequence that was tandemly repeated, and the terminal end of the chromosomes were palindromic. These characteristics allowed Blackburn and colleagues to conduct further research on the protozoan. Using the telomeric repeated end of Tetrahymena, Blackburn and colleague Jack Szostak showed the unstable replicating plasmids of yeast were protected from degradation, proving that these sequences contained characteristics of telomeres. This research also proved the telomeric repeats of Tetrahymena were conserved evolutionarily between the species. Through this research, Blackburn and collaborators noticed the replication system for chromosomes was not likely to add to the lengthening of the telomere, and that the addition of these hexanucleotides to the chromosomes was likely due to the activity of an enzyme that is able to transfer specific functional groups. The proposition of a possible transferase-like enzyme led Blackburn and PhD student Carol W. Greider to the discovery of an enzyme with reverse transcriptase activity that was able to fill in the terminal ends of telomeres without leaving the chromosome incomplete and unable to divide without loss of the end of the chromosome. This 1985 discovery led to the purification of this enzyme in lab, showing the transferase-like enzyme contained both RNA and protein components. The RNA portion of the enzyme served as a template for adding the telomeric repeats to the incomplete telomere, and the protein added enzymatic function for the addition of these repeats.Through this breakthrough, the term "telomerase" was given to the enzyme, solving the end-replication process that had troubled scientists at the time.

Telomerase
In 1984, Blackburn was a biological researcher and professor of biology and physiology at the University of California, San Francisco, studying the telomere, a structure at the end of chromosomes that protects the chromosome.

Telomerase works by adding base pairs to the overhang of DNA on the 3' end, extending the strand until DNA polymerase and an RNA primer can complete the complementary strand and successfully synthesize the double-stranded DNA. Since DNA polymerase only synthesizes DNA in the leading strand direction, the shortening of the telomere results. Through their research, Blackburn and collaborators were able to show that the telomere is effectively replenished by the enzyme telomerase, which conserves cellular division by preventing the rapid loss of genetic information internal to the telomere, leading to cellular aging.

On 1 January 2016, Blackburn was interviewed about her studies, discovering telomerase, and her current research. When she was asked to recall the moment of telomerase discovery she stated:Carol had done this experiment, and we stood, just in the lab, and I remember sort of standing there, and she had this – we call it a gel. It's an autoradiogram because there were trace amounts of radioactivity that were used to develop an image of the separated DNA products of what turned out to be the telomerase enzyme reaction. I remember looking at it and just thinking, 'Ah! This could be very big. This looks just right.' It had a pattern to it. There was a regularity to it. There was something that was not just sort of garbage there, and that was really kind of coming through, even though we look back at it now, we'd say, technically, there was this, that, and the other, but it was a pattern shining through, and it just had this sort of sense, 'Ah! There's something real here.' But then, of course, the good scientist has to be very skeptical and immediately say, 'Okay, we're going to test this every way around here, and really nail this one way or the other.' If it's going to be true, you have to make sure that it's true, because you can get a lot of false leads, especially if you're wanting something to work.In 1978, Blackburn joined the faculty of the University of California, Berkeley, in the Department of Molecular Biology. In 1990, she moved across the San Francisco Bay to the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), where she served as the Department Chair from 1993 to 1999 and was the Morris Herzstein Professor of Biology and Physiology at UCSF. Blackburn became a Professor Emeritus at UCSF at the end of 2015.

Blackburn co-founded the company Telomere Health which offers telomere length testing to the public, but later severed ties with the company.

In 2015, Blackburn was announced as the new President of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California. "Few scientists garner the kind of admiration and respect that Dr. Blackburn receives from her peers for her scientific accomplishments and her leadership, service and integrity", says Irwin M. Jacobs, chairman of Salk's Board of Trustees, on Blackburn's appointment as President of the institute. "Her deep insight as a scientist, her vision as a leader, and her warm personality will prove invaluable as she guides the Salk Institute on its continuing journey of discovery".  In 2017, she announced her plans to retire from the Salk Institute the following year.

Nobel Prize
For their research and contributions to the understanding of telomeres and the enzyme telomerase, Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak were awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The substantial research on the effects of chromosomal protection from telomerase, and the impact this has on cellular division has been a revolutionary catalyst in the field of molecular biology. For example, the addition of telomerase to cells that do not possess this enzyme has shown to bypass the limit of cellular aging in those cells, thereby linking this enzyme to reduced cellular aging. The addition of telomerase, and the presence of the enzyme in cancer cells has been shown to provide an immunity mechanism for the cell in proliferating, linking the transferase activity to increased cellular growth and reduced sensitivity for cellular signaling. Telomeres are also believed to play an important role in certain types of cancers, including pancreatic, bone, prostate, bladder, lung, kidney, and head and neck cancer. The importance of discovering this enzyme has since led her continued research at the University of California San Francisco, where she studies the effect of telomeres and telomerase activity on cellular aging.

Bioethics

Blackburn was appointed a member of the President's Council on Bioethics in 2002. She supported human embryonic cell research, in opposition to the Bush administration. Her Council terms were terminated by White House directive on 27 February 2004. Dr. Blackburn believes that she was dismissed from the Council due to her disapproval of the Bush administration's position against stem cell research. This was followed by expressions of outrage over her removal by many scientists, 170 of whom signed an open letter to the president maintaining that she was fired because of political opposition to her advice.

Scientists and ethicists at the time even went as far as to say that Blackburn's removal was in violation of the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972, which "requires balance on such advisory bodies"

"There is a growing sense that scientific research—which, after all, is defined by the quest for truth—is being manipulated for political ends", wrote Blackburn. "There is evidence that such manipulation is being achieved through the stacking of the membership of advisory bodies and through the delay and misrepresentation of their reports."

Blackburn serves on the Science Advisory Board of the Regenerative Medicine Foundation formerly known as the Genetics Policy Institute.

Current research
In recent years Blackburn and her colleagues have been investigating the effect of stress on telomerase and telomeres with particular emphasis on mindfulness meditation. She is also one of several biologists (and one of two Nobel Prize laureates) in the 1995 science documentary Death by Design/The Life and Times of Life and Times. She also featured in the 2012 Emmy award-winning science documentary, 'Decoding Immortality' (also known as 'Immortal') by Genepool Productions. Studies suggest that chronic psychological stress may accelerate ageing at the cellular level. Intimate partner violence was found to shorten telomere length in formerly abused women versus never abused women, possibly causing poorer overall health and greater morbidity in abused women.

At the University of California San Francisco, Blackburn currently researches telomeres and telomerase in many organisms, from yeast to human cells. The lab is focused on telomere maintenance, and how this has an impact on cellular aging. Many chronic diseases have been associated with the improper maintenance of these telomeres, thereby affecting cellular division, cycling, and impaired growth. At the cutting edge of telomere research, the Blackburn lab currently investigates the impact of limited maintenance of telomeres in cells through altering the enzyme telomerase.

Publications
Blackburn's first book The Telomere Effect: A Revolutionary Approach to Living Younger, Healthier, Longer (2017) was co-authored with health psychologist Dr. Elissa S. Epel of Aging, Metabolism, and Emotions (AME) Center at the UCSF Center for Health and Community. Blackburn comments on aging reversal and care for one's telomeres through lifestyle: managing chronic stress, exercising, eating better and getting enough sleep; telomere testing, plus cautions and advice. While studying telomeres and the replenishing enzyme, telomerase, Blackburn discovered a vital role played by these protective caps that revolved around one central idea: aging of cells. The book hones in on many of the effects that poor health can have on telomeres and telomerase activity. Since telomeres shorten with every division of a cell, replenishing these caps is essential to long term cell growth. Through research and data, Blackburn explained that people that lead stressful lives exhibit less telomerase functioning in the body, which leads to a decrease in the dividing capabilities of the cell. Once telomeres shorten drastically, the cells can no longer divide, meaning the tissues they replenish with every division would therefore die out, highlighting the aging mechanism in humans. To increase telomerase activity in people with stress-filled lives, Blackburn suggests moderate exercise, even 15 minutes a day, which has been proven to stimulate telomerase activity and replenish the telomere.

Blackburn states that unhappiness in lives also has an effect on the shortening of telomeres. In a study done on divorced couples, their telomere length was "significantly shorter" compared to couples in healthy relationships, and Blackburn states, "There's an obvious stressor ... we are intensely social beings." She suggests positivity in daily life increases health. While increasing the amount of exercise, decreasing stress, and tobacco use, and maintaining a balanced sleep schedule, Blackburn explains that telomere length can be maintained, leading to a decrease in cell aging. Blackburn also tells readers to be wary of clinical pills that proclaim to lengthen or telomeres and protect the body from aging. She says that these pills and creams have no scientific proof of being anti-aging supplements and that the key to preserving our telomeres and stimulating telomerase activity comes from leading a healthy life.

Personal life
While working at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge caca, Blackburn met her husband John Sedat. Sedat had taken a position at Yale, where she then decided to finish her postdoctoral. "Thus it was that love brought me to a most fortunate and influential choice: Joe Gall's lab at Yale." They moved to New Haven and were married soon after.

Awards and honours
Blackburn's awards and honors include:

Eli Lilly Research Award for Microbiology and Immunology (1988)
United States National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology (1990)
Harvey Society Lecturer at the Harvey Society in New York (1990)
Honorary Doctorate of Science from Yale University (1991)
Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1991)
Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1992
Fellow of American Academy of Microbiology (1993)
Foreign Associate of National Academy of Sciences (1993)
Australia Prize (1998)
Gairdner Foundation International Award (1998)
Harvey Prize (1999)
Keio Medical Science Prize (1999)
Passano Award (1999)
California Scientist of the Year in 1999
American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award (2000)
American Association for Cancer Research – G.H.A. Clowes Memorial Award (2000)
American Cancer Society Medal of Honor (2000)
Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science (2000)
AACR-Pezcoller Foundation International Award for Cancer Research (2001)
General Motors Cancer Research Foundation Alfred P. Sloan Award (2001)
E.B.Wilson Award of the American Society for Cell Biology (2001)
 Bristol-Myers Squibb Award (2003)
Robert J. and Claire Pasarow Foundation Medical Research Award (2003)
Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Medicine (2004)
Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science of The Franklin Institute (2005)
Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research (2006) (shared with Carol W. Greider and Jack Szostak)
Genetics Prize from the Peter Gruber Foundation (2006)
Honorary Doctorate of Science from Harvard University (2006)
Wiley Prize in Biomedical Sciences from the Wiley Foundation (shared with Carol W. Greider) (2006)
Fellow of Australian Academy of Science (2007)
Corresponding fellow of the Australian Academy of Science (2007)
Recipient of the UCSF Women's Faculty Association Award
Honorary Doctorate of Science from Princeton University (2007)
Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia University (2007) (shared with Carol W. Greider and Joseph G. Gall)
L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science (2008)
Albany Medical Center Prize (2008)
Pearl Meister Greengard Prize (2008)
Tasmanian Honour Roll of Women (2008)
Victorian Honour Roll of Women (2010)
 Mike Hogg Award (2009)
Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize (2009) (shared with Carol W. Greider)
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009, shared with Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak "for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
Companion of the Order of Australia (Australia Day Honours, 2010), for "eminent service to science as a leader in the field of biomedical research, particularly through the discovery of telomerase and its role in the development of cancer and ageing of cells and through contributions as an international adviser in Bioethics."
Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales (FRSN) (2010)
California Hall of Fame (2011)
AIC Gold Medal (2012)
The Royal Medal of the Royal Society (2015).

Blackburn was elected:
President of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies (2016–2017)
President of the American Association for Cancer Research for 2010
President of the American Society for Cell Biology for 1998
Foreign associate of the National Academy of Sciences (1993)
Member of the Institute of Medicine (2000)
Board member of the Genetics Society of America (2000–2002)
Member of the American Philosophical Society (2006)

In 2007, Blackburn was listed among Time magazine's 100 people who shape our world.

Personal life
Blackburn splits her time living between La Jolla and San Francisco with her husband, scientist John W. Sedat, whom she met while at Cambridge, and has a son, Benjamin, born in 1986. In her personal life, Blackburn serves as a mentor and advocate for scientific research and policy.

References

External links

 Video Lecture on Telomeres and Telomerase

1948 births
Living people
Alumni of Darwin College, Cambridge
American Nobel laureates
Australia Prize recipients
Australian Nobel laureates
Companions of the Order of Australia
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Female Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of New South Wales
Fellows of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
Women Nobel laureates
Australian women biologists
People educated at University High School, Melbourne
Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
University of California, San Francisco faculty
University of Melbourne alumni
Winners of the Heineken Prize
L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science laureates
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
20th-century American biologists
20th-century American women scientists
21st-century American women scientists
21st-century American biologists
University of Melbourne women
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
Salk Institute for Biological Studies people
Fellows of the American Academy of Microbiology
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
People from Launceston, Tasmania
Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates

Elizabeth Blackburn


The Moneypenny Diaries is a series of novels and short stories chronicling the life of Miss Moneypenny, M's personal secretary in Ian Fleming's James Bond series; it is considered an official spin-off of the Bond books. The diaries are penned by Samantha Weinberg under the pseudonym Kate Westbrook, who is depicted as the book's "editor." The series is a trilogy of novels, although in 2006, Weinberg also published two short stories: "For Your Eyes Only, James" and "Moneypenny's First Date with Bond", both of which appeared in UK magazines and were republished in September 2020 as a free ebook.

Stories in the series
The Moneypenny Diaries: Guardian Angel (2005): The first diary fills in the gaps between a number of agent 007's missions including the period between On Her Majesty's Secret Service and You Only Live Twice, but also includes an entire backstory for Moneypenny. For the first time since Fleming introduced the character alongside Bond in Casino Royale, Moneypenny is given a first name: Jane.
"For Your Eyes Only, James" (2006 short story): Published in the November issue of Tatler, the short story tells the tale of a weekend shared between Bond and Moneypenny at Royale-les-Eaux (see Casino Royale) in 1956.
Secret Servant: The Moneypenny Diaries (2006): Taking place around the time of The Man with the Golden Gun, the secret service is in chaos with one senior official on trial for treason, another having defected to Moscow, and agent 007 brainwashed by the Soviets.
"Moneypenny's First Date with Bond" (2006 short story): Published in the November 11, 2006 issue of The Spectator, the short story tells the tale of Moneypenny's and James Bond's first meeting.
The Moneypenny Diaries: Final Fling (2008): Kate Westbrook is trying to publish Miss Moneypenny's diaries, but everyone she speaks to about them is trying to stop her...

See also

 James Bond uncollected short stories

References

External links
 Ian Fleming Publications official website

Book series introduced in 2005
James Bond books
Novel series
Fictional diaries
Novels by Samantha Weinberg
Parallel literature
Spin-offs

The Moneypenny Diaries


The political virtues were listed by Bernard Crick "In Defense of Politics", 1982.  They included but were not limited to:
prudence:
take one step, then see its results before taking another
conciliation:
making friends with people you have argued with
compromise:
giving up some things you want to get those things that are most important to you
variety:
people want to have a number of choices that are different from each other
adaptability:
meet the needs of changing times
liveliness:
never be boring

He sees these virtues as a way of avoiding ideology or "absolute-sounding ethic".  More virtues will lead to less conflict.  None of them can be forced on anyone.

Some other virtues have also been suggested:
humour,
empathy,
initiative
and compassion.  "Being brief" or "being positive" are sometimes claimed also to be virtues, but just as many people think they are bad things that only help avoid truth or serious problems.

Ethics

Political virtues


An absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy where one person, usually called a monarch (or king or queen) holds absolute power. It is in contrast to constitutional monarchy, which is restrained or controlled by other groups of people. Controllers may be an entity such as clergy, lawmakers, social elites or a written constitution.

One nation though, The Kingdom of Denmark-Norway, had the absolute rule of the monarch written in a constitution named "The King's Law" (Kongeloven).

A significant number of monarchs were previously absolute rulers within their kingdom, but after the French Revolution (end-18th century) it became ever more common for monarchs to be limited by a constitution.

Nowadays, there are a few absolute monarchies that have been preserved. Some of these remaining absolute monarchies can be found among Arab countries.
Forms of government

Absolute monarchy


The Nunc dimittis is a hymn from the Bible.  It was sung by Simeon when he saw the baby Jesus.

The story told in the book of Luke was that Simeon, who was a Jew, had been promised by the Holy Ghost that he would not die until he had seen Jesus.  When Mary and Joseph brought the baby Jesus to the Temple in Jerusalem for the ceremony of consecration of the firstborn son, Simeon was there, and he took Jesus into his arms and said the words which are now known as the Nunc dimittis.  He was saying to God that he could now die happily because he had seen the Saviour.

The words of the Nunc dimittis have been set to music by many composers.  In the Anglican Church they are traditionally sung at Evensong.

The English words as found in the Book of Common Prayer, 1662:

Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace : according to thy word.
For mine eyes have seen : thy salvation,
Which thou hast prepared : before the face of all people;
To be a light to lighten the Gentiles : and to be the glory of thy people Israel.

Related pages
Magnificat
Service (music)

Christian hymns

Nunc dimittis


Demra massacre () in Bangladesh was the alleged massacre of unarmed Hindu residents of the villages under Demra Union in present-day Faridpur Upazila in Pabna District by the basedPakistan Army aided by local collaborators on 13 May 1971. It is estimated that 800–900 people were allegedly killed in a single day. Rape and plunder were also carried out, and mosques, temples, schools and houses were set on fire.

Background
When the based Pakistani army spread out from Dhaka towards the districts as a part of the Operation Searchlight, the people began to flee their homes. The Hindus began to flee Bangladesh and take refuge in neighbouring India. On their way they had taken shelter in the remote village of Baushgari in Demra union.

Events
The based Pakistani army, led by the local collaborators entered the area through the Boral river and then cordoned off the Baushgari and Rupsi villages. One collaborator named Asad led the Pakistani troops to the Baushgari village. In the nightfall, the men were dragged out of their houses and made to stand in a line, while the women were raped in front of them by the Pakistani troops with the help of the collaborators. After that both the men and women were shot to death and their houses were set on fire. A few survivors interred the charred remains of the bodies in a mass grave the next morning. Around 350 Hindus were killed in Baushgari village. (Remember guys take it wwith a grain of salt)

Investigation
An 11-member team from the International Crimes Tribunal investigated the Demra massacre in 2010. The team was led by Sayed Rejaur Rahman, one of the prosecutors of the tribunal. The investigators visited the killing spots in Baushgari village and interviewed the witnesses to the war crimes. In their investigation they found Motiur Rahman Nizami guilty of masterminding the massacre. Nizami was convicted and executed by hanging in 2016.

References

1971 in Bangladesh
Massacres in 1971
1971 Bangladesh genocide
Massacres of Bengali Hindus in East Pakistan
Massacres committed by Pakistan in East Pakistan
May 1971 events in Asia

Demra massacre


Also see: E major, or E-flat minor.
E minor (Em, Mim) is a  minor scale based on the note E.  Its key signature has one sharp, F  Its relative major is G major.

A lot of classical guitar music is in E minor, because this key is very suited for the instrument. When it is tuned normally, four of the instrument's six strings are part of the tonic chord. The key is also very popular in heavy metal music, because the lowest note on a guitar, E, can be used a lot.

E minor was one of the most-often used keys by Felix Mendelssohn.

Famous classical music in this key
Symphony No. 4 - Johannes Brahms
Nocturne in E Minor - Frédéric Chopin
Piano Concerto No. 1 - Frédéric Chopin
Prelude in E Minor (Chopin) - Frédéric Chopin
Symphony No. 9 "From the New World" - Antonín Dvořák
Cello Concerto - Edward Elgar
Symphony No. 44 "Trauer" - Joseph Haydn
Symphony No. 7 - Gustav Mahler
Violin Concerto in E Minor - Felix Mendelssohn
Caprice No. 3 - Nicolò Paganini
Symphony No. 2 - Sergei Rachmaninov
Vocalise Op. 34 No. 14 - Sergei Rachmaninov
Symphony No. 10 - Dmitri Shostakovich
Symphony No. 1 - Jean Sibelius
Symphony No. 5 - Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 6 - Ralph Vaughan Williams
Concerto for Bassoon, Strings, and continuo, RV 484 - Antonio Vivaldi
 Slavonic Dances No. 2 Op. 72 - Antonín Dvořák
See also: List of symphonies in E minor

Scales and keys

Musical keys
Minor scales

E minor


The playoffs, postseason, or finals are a series of games played after the regular season of a particular sports league. They are played by the most successful teams of the season. It is used to determine the season's champion. The teams that play in the playoffs are the ones with the most wins or points during the regular season.

Playoffs are usually, but not always, done with a single-elimination system.

Sports words

Playoffs


A soap opera is a television or radio program that airs in episodic series. This means that each episode continues telling a story, which, in turn, tells more of the last episode's story. A single story on a soap opera can be told for weeks, months, or sometimes even years.

In America, each soap opera airs every day, Monday through Friday, in the afternoon. Because they air at this time, they are sometimes called daytime serials. In the U.K. and other countries, the soap operas air in the evening, twice or three times a week.

This is a list of soap operas that air in America, in their current order of popularity:

The Young and the Restless
The Bold and the Beautiful
General Hospital
Supernatural
Lost
Days of Our Lives
All My Children
As the World Turns
One Life to Live
Guiding Light
Passions

There are still two soap operas that air in Australia, Network Ten's Neighbours and the Seven Network's Home and Away. Strangely, Neighbours is more popular in England than it is in Australia.

In the U.K., the most popular soap operas are Coronation Street and EastEnders. Coronation Street is about people who live in Manchester, in the northern part of England. EastEnders is about people who live in an imaginary place called Albert Square in the East End of London. Another popular soap opera is Emmerdale, and it is about people who live in a small village in Yorkshire, also in the northern part of England. In the 1970s Crossroads became the most watched soap in England. It was shown from 1964 to 1988.

In Latin America (including Brazil), Spain, Portugal and Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa (like Angola), soap operas are called telenovelas, and usually run for a limited time.

Related pages
Dorama
Serial
Radio drama
Playwright
Theatre

References

Television genres

Soap opera


The East River is a  tidal strait in New York City.  It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates Long Island, including the boroughs of Queens and Brooklyn, from the island of Manhattan and the Bronx. Several bridges and tunnels cross the East River. The Brooklyn Bridge is the oldest and most famous.

Geography of New York City

East River


Thomas Eric Peet (12 August 1882, Liverpool –  22 February 1934, Oxford) was an English Egyptologist.

Biography
Thomas Eric Peet (professionally he used the form T. Eric Peet) was the son of Thomas and Salome Peet. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Crosby and at Queen's College, Oxford. From 1909 onwards he conducted excavations in Egypt for the Egypt Exploration Fund. From 1913 to 1928, he was lecturer in Egyptology at Manchester University, though he also saw service in World War I as a lieutenant in the King's Regiment (Liverpool). From 1920 to 1933, he was Brunner Professor of Egyptology at the University of Liverpool. In 1933 he was appointed Reader in Egyptology at the University of Oxford. The Queen's College, Oxford, houses the university's Egyptology library, and it is named the Peet Library in his honor.

Works
The Stone and Bronze Ages in Italy and Sicily, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909
Rough Stone Monuments and their Builders, London: Harper & Brothers, 1912
The Mayer Papyri A & B, Nos. M11162 and M11186 of the Free Public Museums, Liverpool, London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1920 (see also Mayer Papyri)
The Cemeteries of Abydos. Part II. 1911–1912, London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1914
The Inscriptions of Sinai (in collaboration with Alan H. Gardiner), London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1917
Egypt and the Old Testament, London: Hodder & Stoughton for Liverpool University Press, 1922
The City of Akhenaten: Excavations of 1921 and 1922 at El-'Amarneh, (in collaboration with C Leonard Woolley), London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1923
The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: British Museum 10057 and 10058, London: Hodder & Stoughton for Liverpool University Press, 1923 (see also Rhind Mathematical Papyrus)
The Great Tomb-Robberies of the Twentieth Egyptian Dynasty: Being a critical study, with translations and commentaries, of the papyri in which these are recorded, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1930 (see also Abbott Papyrus)
A Comparative Study of the Literatures of Egypt, Palestine, and Mesopotamia. Egypt's Contribution to the Literature of the Ancient World', London: H. Milford, Oxford University Press, 1931 (Schweich Lectures for 1929)

ReferencesWho was who 1929–1940'', 1941

External links

1882 births
1934 deaths
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford
King's Regiment (Liverpool) officers
British Army personnel of World War I
English Egyptologists
People educated at Merchant Taylors' Boys' School, Crosby
Academics of the University of Liverpool
Academics of the University of Manchester
Fellows of The Queen's College, Oxford
People from Crosby, Merseyside

T. Eric Peet


The Night Listener is a 2006 American psychological thriller film directed by Patrick Stettner and starring Robin Williams. The screenplay by Armistead Maupin, Terry Anderson, and Stettner is based on Maupin's 2000 novel The Night Listener, which was inspired by Anthony Godby Johnson.

Plot
Gabriel Noone, a popular gay New York City radio show host, is dealing with a separation from his partner, Jess. Noone is given a memoir written by teenager Pete Logand, which chronicles the many years of sexual abuse he suffered at the hands of his parents and their friends. Diagnosed with AIDS, the youth has been adopted by Donna Logand, the social worker who handled his case.

Noone begins a telephone relationship with the boy and Donna. He and Pete become increasingly close and form a father-son relationship, much to the dismay of Jess, especially after he speaks to Donna and suspects that she was impersonating Pete in some of the telephone conversations. Noone's personal secretary Anna adds fuel to the fire by discussing her research into people who fabricate elaborate stories to get attention. Determined to prove the boy exists and his story is true, Noone decides to pay a surprise visit to Pete in his hometown in rural Wisconsin. Noone discovers the return address on Pete's correspondence is actually a mail drop. Soon after, while eating in a local diner, he overhears another patron and recognizes her voice as that of Donna. He is stunned to learn that she is blind and uses a guide dog. Noone follows her home and Donna senses he has followed her. She invites him into her home and talks openly about Pete, who she says is currently in the hospital undergoing tests. She assures him he can visit the boy the following day, then suddenly becomes angry and tells him she will not allow him to meet Pete. Increasingly suspicious, Noone contacts all the hospitals in Madison, the location of the nearest facilities, but none have the boy registered as a patient.

Noone's paranoia about the boy's existence grows and, hoping to find proof of his existence, he breaks into Donna's home. A police officer arrests him for breaking and entering and then, mistakenly believing Noone to be one of the boy's abusers, attacks him with a stun baton before taking him to the station. Noone convinces the police he meant no harm and is released, only to find Donna waiting for him with the news that Pete is dead; also, that he was in a Milwaukee hospital, and was never in Madison. Distressed that Noone doesn't believe her, Donna collapses in the middle of a road and tries to hold him with her in the path of an oncoming truck. She then moves everything out of her home and disappears before the police can question her. Noone is now convinced that the boy is a figment of the deranged woman's imagination.

In response to a phone call from Donna, Noone goes to a motel where she was staying, and finds Pete's stuffed rabbit and a videotape under a blanket. He plays the video of a child, who seems to be Pete, but who could have been anyone. The phone rings and the caller claims to be the boy (but sounds exactly like Donna now), waiting for his mother at the airport. The caller ends the conversation after Noone asks what happened in Donna's past and how she became blind and that Donna should get help. Noone just watches the video, deep in thought.

Noone returns to Manhattan and uses his experience to create The Night Listener, a new radio story. In the final scene, Donna is searching for a new home in a coastal town, telling the realtor she needs it for herself and her son, who has just lost his leg but will be released the next day. She has drastically changed her appearance and no longer has a guide dog or dark glasses, revealing her blindness was also an act. Gabriel concludes his show for the night by saying, "As for Pete, there's a line in The Velveteen Rabbit that reads... Real isn't how you were made. It's the thing that happens to you. I'm Gabriel Noone. Goodnight".

Cast

Production

In The Night Listener Revealed, an extra on the film's DVD release, Armistead Maupin discusses the inspiration for his novel. In 1992, the author was sent the manuscript of a memoir allegedly written by fourteen-year-old Anthony Godby Johnson, who had been sexually and physically abused by his parents since childhood. Since the galleys included a foreword by novelist Paul Monette, a close friend of Maupin, and an afterword by Fred Rogers of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood fame, he had no reason to doubt the story's veracity.

Maupin was impressed with the maturity of the boy's writing and called him. The two quickly developed a close telephone relationship, and Maupin frequently discussed the boy's various physical ailments (he had been diagnosed with AIDS) with his adopted mother, Vicki Johnson. Several months later, Maupin's then-lover Terry Anderson (who co-wrote the screenplay), who had spoken to the boy on occasion, had a conversation with his mother and was struck by how much she and the boy sounded alike. As he became increasingly suspicious about the situation, Maupin became more and more determined to believe the boy really existed. Only after Vicki repeatedly prevented him from visiting the boy did Maupin begin to think he was caught up in a scam.

Following the publication of the novel, a friend of Maupin's who wrote for The New Yorker instigated an investigation. The story was reported by 20/20, which revealed that the photo of "Anthony" that Vicki had sent to Anthony's supporters was a childhood photo of Steve Tarabokija, now a healthy adult and a New Jersey traffic engineer, who was shocked to find his photo being represented to people as the face of Anthony Godby Johnson.

Release

Box office
The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and was shown at the Berlin International Film Festival before opening on 1,367 screens in the US, earning $3,554,134 in its opening weekend. The film went on to gross $7,836,393 domestically and $2,785,502 in foreign markets for a total box office of $10,621,895.

Critical reception

A. O. Scott of The New York Times called the film a "well-meaning, flat-footed screen adaptation [that] has its creepy, suspenseful moments ... but it shrinks a rich, strange story to the dimensions of an anecdote ... the psychological and intellectual implications that hover over the story are lost in the spooky atmospherics and overshadowed by Ms. Collette's off-kilter showboating." Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle described it as "a movie with lots of heart but no heartbeat ... it feels infected by a malaise ... yet the film has intelligence and integrity and cannot be dismissed." Michael Phillips of the Los Angeles Times said, "It's a small but crafty and well-acted picture ... The pacing and staging of the later scenes could use a little more electricity and momentum and a little less restraint. Yet The Night Listener keeps you watching. And listening." David Rooney of Variety thought it was "tediously solemn" and a "dawdling mystery thriller [that] manages to flatten two protagonists that had far more depth in the novel ... Lenser Lisa Rinzler gives the film a somber, elegant look, and Peter Nashel's score adds a layer of intensity. But it takes more than a few brooding strings to make a film taut and tense. The pace drags increasingly, trudging through the protracted final reels to a clumsy wrap-up with too many concluding scenes, none of them effective."

References

External links

 Film trailer
 Armistead Maupin interview

2006 films
2006 LGBT-related films
2000s mystery films
2006 psychological thriller films
American LGBT-related films
American psychological thriller films
Films about writers
Films about radio people
Films based on American novels
LGBT-related films based on actual events
Films set in New York City
Films set in Madison, Wisconsin
Films shot in New York (state)
Films shot in New Jersey
American mystery films
Films with screenplays by Armistead Maupin
Miramax films
IFC Films films
Fortissimo Films films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

The Night Listener (film)


Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth, PC (30 May 1757–15 February 1844) was a British statesman. He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1804.

His father was a physician specialising in the treatment of mental illness.  His father was one of George III's doctors and this resulted in Addington  being known (in no friendly spirit) as "The Doctor".  Before becoming Prime Minister he had been Speaker of the House of Commons.

He tried but failed to negotiate a lasting peace with Napoleon's France.

He was not well regarded as Prime Minister and his capabilities were summed up in the rhyme: "Pitt is to Addington as London is to Paddington".  As Viscount Sidmouth, he was a very reactionary Home Secretary in the Government of the Earl of Liverpool but he was eventually persuaded to retire in favour of Sir Robert Peel.

1757 births
1844 deaths

British Viscounts
Politicians from London
Legislative speakers
Chancellors of the Exchequer

Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth


The Gauss-Bonnet theorem is a theorem that connects the geometry of a shape with its topology. It is named after the two mathematicians Carl Friedrich Gauß (1777-1855) and Pierre Ossian Bonnet (1812-1872) who both found it, independently of one another. The Curvature of the shape is used, as well as its Euler characteristic.

Mathematical theorems
Differential geometry
Topology

Gauss-Bonnet theorem


వెర్నియర్ లేదా వెర్నియర్ కాలిపర్స్ ఒక కొలిచే సాధనము. దీనితో మిల్లీమీటర్లో పదవ వంతు వరకు కచ్చితంగా కొలువవచ్చు. దీనిని పియరీ వెర్నియర్ (Pierre Vernier) అనే ఫ్రెంచి గణిత శాస్త్రవేత్త 1631లో ప్రవేశపెట్టాడు

The vernier, dial, and digital calipers give a direct reading of the distance measured to high accuracy. They are functionally identical, with different ways of reading the result. These calipers comprise a calibrated scale with a fixed jaw, and another jaw, with a pointer, that slides along the scale. The distance between the jaws is then read in different ways for the three types.

The simplest method is to read the position of the pointer directly on the scale. When the pointer is between two markings, the user can mentally interpolate to improve the precision of the reading. This would be a simple calibrated caliper; but the addition of a vernier scale allows more accurate interpolation, and is the universal practice; this is the vernier caliper.

Vernier, dial, and digital calipers can measure internal dimensions (using the uppermost jaws in the picture at right), external dimensions using the pictured lower jaws, and in many cases depth by the use of a probe that is attached to the movable head and slides along the centre of the body. This probe is slender and can get into deep grooves that may prove difficult for other measuring tools.

The vernier scales may include metric measurements on the lower part of the scale and inch measurements on the upper, or vice versa, in countries that use inches. Vernier calipers commonly used in industry provide a precision to 0.01 mm (10 micrometres), or one thousandth of an inch. They are available in sizes that can measure up to .

సూచికలు

భౌతిక శాస్త్రం
పరికరాలు

వెర్నియర్ కాలిపర్స్