"Tu vuò fà l'americano" (; "You Want to Play American") is a Neapolitan language song by Italian singer Renato Carosone.

Carosone wrote the song in collaboration with Nicola "Nisa" Salerno in 1956. Combining swing and jazz, it became one of his best-known songs. Commissioned by Ricordi director Rapetti for a radio contest, the music was composed by Carosone in a very short time after reading Nisa's lyrics; he immediately believed the song would become a great success.

Carosone's original version of the song was performed by him in the film Totò, Peppino e le fanatiche (directed by Mario Mattoli, 1958). The song was featured in the 1960 Melville Shavelson film It Started in Naples, in which it was sung by Sophia Loren. It was also performed by Rosario Fiorello in the 1999 film The Talented Mr. Ripley.

The lyrics are about an Italian who affects a contemporary American lifestyle, drinking whisky and soda, dancing to rock 'n roll, playing baseball and smoking Camel cigarettes, but who still depends on his parents for money. The song is generally considered to be a satire of the Americanization that occurred in the early years after World War II, when southern Italy was still a rural, traditional society. According to the Italian newspaper la Repubblica, "Tu vuò fa l'americano" is the definitive hit single of Carosone's artistic career, as he retired from music in 1960, just four years after releasing the song.

Covers and sampling
Boris Vian adapted it in French under the name "Tout fonctionne à l'italiano" ("Everything goes italiano") to parodize the then French craving for Italian things. The song was created in 1957 by Freddy Balta on its humoristic EP Fredo Minablo et sa pizza musicale (Fredo Minablo and its musical pizza).
Lou Bega made a cover of the song entitled "You Wanna Be Americano".
The Brian Setzer Orchestra covered this song with their song, "Americano." This song appeared on their album Vavoom!.
The song was covered by the Gisella Cozzo and Ray Gelato Giants in 1998, with their version of the track used for a worldwide television commercial for Levi's.  It had a wide exposure and appeared on two of their albums, The Men from Uncle (1998), and Live in Italy (2000).
The song was sampled in 2010 by the Australian duo Yolanda Be Cool and producer DCUP in their song "We No Speak Americano" that became an international hit. It was subsequently re-recorded by Marco Calliari.
Don Omar – "We No Speak Americano (Remix)"
This was used as one of the demo songs for the singing synthesizer software Vocaloid Tonio and featured both him and another Vocaloid "Big Al" singing the song.
The Puppini Sisters recorded this on their album Betcha Bottom Dollar in 2007.
Pitbull (2010) – "Bon Bon (We No Speak Americano)", sample.
In 2002 the Chilean rock band Pettinellis recorded a cover entitled "Americano" as part of their debut album.
Rita Chiarelli released this song on her album Italian Sessions.
Korean band LPG made an adaptation to their track Angry.
Darren Criss covered the song at a charity show at Yale University in 2011, and on his 2013 "Listen Up" tour in Huntington, NY.
A half-Greek, half-Italian version was recorded in 2011 by Lavrentis Machairitsas and Tonino Carotone.
In 2012 the band The Gypsy Queens features this song in their album The Gypsy Queens, with the title L'Americano. Mark Francis "Made In Chelsea" 2012.
Dany Brillant recorded the song in Neapolitan language and released his cover version on his album "Dolce Vita" in 2001.
Patrizio Buanne's rendition of the song with lyrics in English was released on his album Patrizio in 2009 with the name "Americano (Tu vuo' fa l'americano)".
Gigi D'Alessio released a cover of the song with Christian De Sica on his third live album "Tu Vuo' Fa L'Americano - Live In New York" in 2011.
Dominic Halpin & The Honey B's covered the song as "Americano" on their 2016 album Cha Cha Boom.

Uses in popular culture

 Matt Damon, Jude Law and Rosario Fiorello sing the song in a jazz club in The Talented Mr. Ripley. In a subversion of the subject of the song, Law's character is a spoiled American heir living in the fictional town of Mongibello, Italy, where he revels in the Italian culture while living off a generous allowance from his wealthy American parents back home.
 Carosone's version appears on the soundtrack for the movie The American, 2010. In the movie, the song plays in a cafe visited by George Clooney's character, an American assassin seeking refuge in a small Italian town.
 The same version is part of the soundtrack for the animated movie Sammy's Great Escape, 2012.
 The song can be heard in episode 4 of Catch-22 (miniseries) during a sequence in which Yossarian helps Milo with his business ventures throughout the Mediterranean (however, the song was written long after the timeframe of this series).
 The song can be heard in the 2021 film, The Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard when the 3 main characters are in Italy.
 The song can be heard in the 2022 Netflix film Love in the Villa when the protagonist arrives in Italy.

See also
 Music of Naples
 Boogie-woogie

References

External links
 .
 .

Satirical songs
Songs about the United States
Neapolitan songs
1956 songs
Songs written by Nicola Salerno

Tu vuò fà l'americano


Ini adalah suatu senarai penggunaan gelaran di dalam bola sepak.

garuda fc

Gelaran kelab
 Senarai gelaran kelab bola sepak di United Kingdom
 Senarai gelaran kelab bola sepak tanah besar Eropah
 Senarai gelaran kelab bola sepak di Amerika

Gelaran pasukan bola sepak kebangsaan

Gelaran Skuad
 The Invincibles/The Untouchables, the Arsenal team who went 49 consecutive league games unbeaten during the 2002-03 to the 2004-05 seasons
 The Busby Babes, a group of home-grown Manchester United players trained by Matt Busby and co during the 1950s
 The Crazy Gang, Wimbledon F.C. in the 1980s/90s
 The Entertainers, the Newcastle United team under the first spell of management by Kevin Keegan
 The Famous Five, Hibernian's forward line of Smith, Johnstone, Reilly, Turnbull and Ormond
 Fergie's Fledglings, a generation of home-grown Manchester United players led by Gary Neville and Ryan Giggs, who won multiple junior trophies before winning between six and ten Premier League titles each, as well as the UEFA Champions League in 1999.
 Golden Generation, the group of Portuguese footballers, Luís Figo and co, that won several Football World Youth Championships in 1989 and 1991. Several also led Portugal to their best performance at a European Championship - runners-up at Euro 2004.
 Iron Curtain, Rangers' defensive line in the 1940s and early 1950s
 Az Aranycsapat (The Golden Team), the legendary Hungarian national football team of the 1950s.
 La Grande Inter (The Great Inter), Internazionale team that won back-to-back European Cup wins in 1964 and 1965.
 Il Grande Torino, the Torino side of the 1940s.
 Craiova Maxima, Universitatea Craiova of the late 1970s and early 1980s
 Viteziştii (The Speedsters), Steaua Bucharest of the 1980s
 Gaşca nebună (The Crazy Gang), Sportul Studenţesc of the 1980s and early 2000s
 Spartanii (The Spartans), the Dinamo team, that dominated Divizia A in 2007
 La Máquina (The Machine), the River Plate team in the early 1940s.
 Lisbon Lions, Celtic's home-grown European Cup winning team of 1967
 La Quinta del Buitre (Vulture's Quint), the generation of club grown Real Madrid players that dominated Spanish football in the 1980s
 Rolo Compressor (Steamroller), Sport Club Internacional's team in the 40's
The Total Footballers, any team coached by Rinus Michels and involving Johan Cruijff and Johan Neeskens.
 A Academia (The Academy), Palmeiras's team in the seventies
 Wunderteam (Wonder Team), the Austria national football team that had an unbeaten streak of 14 games between April 1931 and December 1932
 Ye-yé, the generation of all-Spanish Real Madrid players that dominated Spanish football in the 1960s
 Os Magriços, the Portugal national football team which reached 3rd place in the 1966 World Cup in England
 Wembley Wizards, the Scottish national team which defeated England at Wembley Stadium in 1928
 The Dream Team, name was given for FC Barcelona's team that, led by Johan Cruijff, won the European Cup in 1992 and 4 consecutive La Liga titles (1990–1994).
 KK Eleven, The Zambian National Team of the 1980s.

Gelaran kelab peminat bola sepak

 Ultras, various supporter groups
 CVUCS, supporters of FC Timişoara
 Cainii rosii, supporters of Dinamo Bucharest
 The Toon Army, supporters of Newcastle United
 The Tractor Boys, supporters of Ipswich Town
 The Jacks, supporters of Swansea City
 Wednesdayites, the supporters of Sheffield Wednesday
 The Cider Army, supporters of Bristol City
 The Lardy Army, supporters of Horsham F.C.
 The Falcons, supporters of Spartak Varna
 Red Patch Boys, supporters of Toronto FC
 The Black & Amber Army, supporters of Livingston
 The Gooners, supporters of Arsenal
 The Yid Army, supporters of Tottenham Hotspur
 The Bushwacker, supporting of Millwall
 The Southsiders, supporters of  Whitecaps FC
 The Timbers Army, supporters of the Portland Timbers
 The Black and White Army, supporters of Fulham FC
 The Cove, supporters of Sydney FC
 Viies Sektor, supporters of FC Flora Tallinn
 Villains, supporters of Aston Villa

Pasukan kebangsaan
 The Tartan Army, travelling supporters of the Scotland national football team
 Sam's Army, supporters of the USA national football team
 Red Devil, supporters of the South Korea national football team
 Green and Gold Army, supporters of Australia national football team
 Green and White Army, supporters of Northern Ireland national football team
 The Voyageurs, supporters of the Canada men's and women's national football teams
Roligans, supporters of the Denmark national football team
Jalgpallihaigla, supporters of the Estonia national football team

Senarai hubungan persatuan bola sepak
Gelaran di dalam bola sepak

Senarai gelaran dalam bola sepak


Zam Zama or Zam-zammah also often called the 'terror of Northern India' is an old cannon. It is made of brass and was made in Lahore (now in Pakistan) in 1762, on the orders of the Afghan king. Ahmad Shah Durrani. It was of great size back then, and had tremendous fire-power, and all armies opposing the Afghans were terrified of it in the region.

The cannon was later damaged in a military campaign and sank to the bottom of the Chenab River from where it was recovered and captured by the victorious Sikh Khalsa forces of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. After that, the Punjab region fell under Sikh rule, giving birth to the superstition that 'whoever holds Zam Zama holds the Punjab'.

The cannon was later taken to Delhi but brought back to Lahore in 1870 and installed outside the old Lahore Museum and then later on shifted outside the present museum building in the 1890s, opposite to the old campus of the University of the Punjab. It was later restored and cleaned up in the 1990s.

During the period of British India, Zam Zama achieved special fame when the writer Rudyard Kipling mentioned in the opening pages of Kim (book), published in 1901.

References

18th century in India
Lahore
1760s works
Artillery

Zam Zama


The Homeowners Affordability and Stability Plan is a U.S. program announced on February 18, 2009, by U.S. President Barack Obama. According to the US Treasury Department, it is a $75 billion program to help up to nine million homeowners avoid foreclosure, which was supplemented by $200 billion in additional funding for Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to purchase and more easily refinance mortgages. The plan is funded mostly by the Housing and Economic Recovery Act. It uses cost sharing and incentives to encourage lenders to reduce homeowner's monthly payments to 31 percent of their gross monthly income. Under the program, a lender would be responsible for reducing total monthly mortgage payments (PITI) to no more than 38 percent of the borrower's income, with the government sharing the cost to further reduce the payment to 31 percent. The plan also involves potentially forgiving or deferring a portion of the borrower's mortgage balance. Mortgage servicers will receive incentives to modify loans and to help the homeowner stay current, though participation by lenders is voluntary.

See also
 Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP)
 Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP)

External links
Making Home Affordable

References

United States proposed federal legislation
2009 in American law
Subprime mortgage crisis
Mortgage legislation
Foreclosure


Hydroxide is a diatomic anion wi chemical formula OH−. It consists o an oxygen an a hydrogen atom held thegither bi a covalent bond, an carries a negative electric charge. It is an important but uisually minor constituent o watter. It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile an a catalyst. The hydroxide ion forms sauts, some o which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberatin solvated hydroxide ions. Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical. A hydroxide attached tae a strangly electropositive center mey itself dissociate, liberatin a hydrogen cation (H+), makin the parent compoond an acid.

The correspondin electrically neutral compoond •HO is the hydroxyl radical. The correspondin covalently-boond group -OH o atoms is the hydroxyl group.
Hydroxide ion an hydroxyl group are nucleophiles an can act as a catalyst in organic chemistry.

Mony inorganic substances which bear the wird "hydroxide" in thair names are nae ionic compounds o the hydroxide ion, but covalent compoonds which contain hydroxyl groups.

Bases
Oxoanions
Watter chemistry

Hydroxide


Clem Ohameze is a Nigerian actor with two decades in acting. Clem Ohameze started professional acting in 1995. But his breakthrough role was in 1999 when he featured in a big-budget movie titled ENDTIME. He has acted in over 500 movies in his 20-year career spanning 1995 to date and is set to feature in many more movies in the coming months.

Background
Clem Ohameze was born on 27 June 1965 in Port Harcourt, Rivers, Nigeria. He attended Holy Family College/ Baptist High School for his secondary education. He moved on to study at the Institute of Management Technology, Enugu, Nigeria where he secured an Ordinary National Diploma in Mass Communication and then University of Port Harcourt where he graduated with a BSc in Sociology and Anthropology in 1989.
He also studied at the Buckingham University, London in 2010 and obtained a Masters in Preventive and Social Medicine.

Movie career
Ohameze is a member of the Actors Guild of Nigeria. He briefly broke away from acting between 2006 and 2010 to pursue other interests including politics. He has since returned to his movie career after the break. In 2010, Ohameze starred in the award-winning movie Ije: The Journey alongside Genevieve Nnaji and Omotola Jalade Ekeinde.

Political involvement
Ohameze stood for election to represent Ohaji-Egbema-Oguta Federal Constituency in Nigeria's Federal House of Representatives on the platform of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) in 2007. He however abandoned the pursuit over allegations of threat to his life. His car was attacked, his cousin was shot and killed during the incident. Ohameze relocated to London, United Kingdom. He intended to contest for an elective position in the 2015 general elections.

References

External links

Male actors from Port Harcourt
1965 births
Living people
Nigerian male film actors
University of Port Harcourt alumni
Alumni of the University of Buckingham
Nigerian actor-politicians
20th-century Nigerian male actors
Nigerian male television actors
21st-century Nigerian actors
Igbo actors
Nigerian politicians
People from Rivers State
20th-century births

Clem Ohameze


John Rogers (1627 – ?) was an English Fifth Monarchist preacher of the 1650s, and later a physician.

Background
He was born at Messing in Essex, the second son of the clergyman Nehemiah Rogers, by his wife Margaret. Because of his religious views, he was turned out by his father in 1642. He returned to studies of medicine, as a servitor at King's College, Cambridge. The First English Civil War had broken out, and the servitors were dismissed. Rogers almost starved, but in 1643 he obtained a post in a school in Lord Brudenel's house in Huntingdonshire, and afterwards at the free school at St. Neots.

Preacher
In a short time he became known in Huntingdonshire as a preacher, and, returning to Essex, he received presbyterian ordination in 1647. About the same time he married a daughter of Sir Robert Payne of Midloe in Huntingdonshire, and became 'settled minister' of Purleigh in Essex, a valuable living. Rogers engaged a curate, and proceeded to London. There he renounced his presbyterian ordination, and joined the Independents. Becoming lecturer at St. Thomas Apostle, he preached violent political sermons in support of the Long parliament.

In 1650 he was sent to Dublin by parliament as a preacher. Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin was assigned him by the commissioners as a place of worship. A schism arose in his congregation owing to the adoption by a party among them of Anabaptist principles; he wearied of the controversy, and returned to England in 1652. In the following year his parishioners at Purleigh cited him for non-residence, and he lost the living.

Rogers was now no longer the champion of parliament. In 1653 Rogers published two controversial works, Bethshemesh, or Tabernacle for the Sun, in which he assailed the presbyterians, and Sagrir, or Doomes-day drawing nigh, in which he attacked the 'ungodly laws and lawyers of the Fourth Monarchy,' and also the collection of tithes. The two books indicate the date of his change of views: Bethshemesh is written from the standard Independent standpoint, while in Sagrir he has developed the characteristics of a fifth-monarchy man. The forcible dissolution of the Long parliament met with Rogers's approval. Besides doctrinal differences, he had personal quarrels with prominent members: Sir John Maynard had appeared against him as advocate for the congregation at Purleigh, while Zachary Crofton had anonymously attacked his preaching in a pamphlet.

Imprisonment
After Cromwell's coup d'état Rogers occupied himself with two long addresses to him, in which he recommended a system of government very similar to that which was actually inaugurated. This accord did not survive the dissolution of Cromwell's first parliament and his assumption of the title of Lord Protector. Rogers addressed a cautionary epistle to Cromwell, and assailed him openly from the pulpit. Being denounced as a conspirator in 1654, his house was searched and his papers seized. This drew from him another denunciation. On 28 March he proclaimed a solemn day of humiliation for the sins of the rulers. His sermon, in which he likened Whitehall to Sodom and demonstrated that Cromwell had broken the first eight commandments (time preventing his proceeding to the last two), procured his arrest and imprisonment in Lambeth. On 5 February 1655 he was brought from prison to appear before Cromwell. He held by his previous utterances, and desired Cromwell to remember that he must be judged. On 30 March he was moved to Windsor, and on 9 October to the Isle of Wight. He was released in January 1657, and immediately returned to London.

The fifth-monarchy men were then deep in conspiracy. Informations were repeatedly laid against Rogers, and on 3 February 1658 he was sent to the Tower of London on the Protector's warrant. This imprisonment lasted only till 16 April. Four and a half months later Cromwell died. The fifth-monarchy men followed Sir Henry Vane in opposing Richard Cromwell's succession, and Rogers denounced him vehemently from the pulpit. The remnant of the Long parliament was recalled to power, and Rogers involved himself in controversy with William Prynne. Both supported "the good old cause," but differed in defining it. Prynne remained true to the older ideal of limited monarchy, while Rogers advocated a republic with Christ himself as its invisible sovereign.

Later life
His faction now wanted him to proceed safely to Ireland to preach the gospel. The insurrection of Sir George Booth intervened, and brought him the post of chaplain in Charles Fairfax's regiment. He served through the campaign against Booth, and at its conclusion was relieved of his duties in Ireland. In October he was nominated to a lectureship at Shrewsbury, but he was again in Dublin by the end of the year, and was imprisoned there for a time by the orders of the army leaders, after they had dissolved the remnant of the Long parliament. Parliament ordered his release immediately on regaining its ascendancy.

At the time of the Restoration he moved to the Netherlands. He resumed the study of medicine, at Leyden and Utrecht, and received a Utrecht M.D. In 1662 he returned to England and resided at Bermondsey. In 1664 he was admitted to an ad eundem degree of M.D. at Oxford. His date of death is not known. His oldest son and only surviving child was Sir John Rogers, 1st Baronet.

External links
Dictionary of National Biography entry

References

Attribution

1627 births
Year of death unknown
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers
17th-century English medical doctors
English independent ministers of the Interregnum (England)
English male non-fiction writers
English religious writers
Fifth Monarchists
People from the Borough of Colchester
Protestant writers

John Rogers (Fifth Monarchist)


The Tillamook are a Native American tribe from the state of Oregon. The word Tillamook means "people of Nekelim" in the Chinook language. Also, Tillamook can mean "Land of Many Waters" but it is not as widely used. Tillamook can also be spelled Calamox, Gillamooks, and Killamook.

Language
The Tillamook tribe used to speak Tillamook. After a while they learned to speak English. The last person that spoke Tillamook died in 1970. This made the Tillamook language gone forever. Starting in 1965, a group of scientists tried to protect the Tillamook language by talking with the Tillamook people and creating a Tillamook language dictionary.

History
The Tillamook tribe used to live between the Necanicum River and Tillamook Bay. The Tillamook were coastal Native Americans. Their  name, Tillamook, means "Land of Many Waters" in their language. The first Tilamook people lived around the 1400s. In the 1700s, the population was counted at about 2200 people.

Native Americans
People from Oregon

Tillamook


The Vale of Glamorgan Railway Company are a Welsh railway preservation society originally called the Butetown Historic Railway Society.

In 1979, the Butetown Historic Railway Society was formed at Bute Road Station in the docklands are of Cardiff. The aim was to restore the then derelict Taff Vale Railway station, and establish a steam hauled passenger service to Cardiff Queen Street station. By 1994, a short section of track existed, and the steam locomotive Sir Gomer hauled short passenger trains.

By 1997, the Cardiff Bay Development Corporation was in charge of the redevelopment of Butetown, and dismissed the idea of a rejuvenated steam railway as part of their plans.

Even prior to 1997 the railway started negotiations with the Vale of Glamorgan Council and moved in during 1998 to its new base at Barry Island Railway. It renamed it self the Vale of Glamorgan Railway Company and were based there till early 2009 operating heritage services both steam and diesel over an expanding network of lines.

Following the December 2007 decision by landlords, the Vale of Glamorgan Council to terminate the £65,000 funding of the Barry Island Railway, the society maintain a service. However less than six months after withdrawing financial support, the council with out warning decided to put the railway site out to tender under a long term lease.  There were three bids submitted with the sucsefull bidder being the commercial company Cambrian Transport who have been the councils railway adviser and contractor since the Barry Railway Project started.

The other bidder NEWCO was submitted by Graham Lee owner of the LH Plant, Hunselt Engine Company, Statfold Barn Railway and Mike Thomson owner of Arrowvale who make black boxes for the rail industry.  NEWCO had spoken to the VGR in advance and agree a method of working together.  Had this bid been successfully the VGR would have continued operating at Barry.

The Railway has recently sold assets following the break down of talks with Cambrian Transport which an has been forced to leave Barry. It is now the intention for the railway to relocate to the Bridgend Valleys Railway, with some stock also going to the Dean Forest Railway and further a field.

The Railway is now working with the Bridgend Valleys Railway to develop the 4.5 miles of line in place north of Bridgend.

References

Rail transport in Wales
Organisations based in Wales

Vale of Glamorgan Railway


The Lavochkin La-17 was the first Soviet unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to reach operational service. The first versions were developed in the early 1950s, and remained in service into the 1980s.

Early development
The La-17 was designed by the Lavochkin design bureau, with work beginning in 1950. Flight tests began in 1953, with prototype drones carried on a Tupolev Tu-4 four-engine bomber. La-17 production began in 1956.

The La-17 was a jet drone of all-metal construction, with straight flight surfaces, and a jet engine carried in a nacelle under the fuselage. The initial variant, which was just known as the "La-17", was air-launched. and powered by a Bondaryuk RD-900 ramjet with 800 kgf (1,760 lbf) thrust. There was a "windmill" type electric generator in the nose, somewhat along the lines of the WW II-era Luftwaffe's Me 163 manned rocket interceptor to provide electric power. The La-17 was directed by radio control and simply "bellied in" to land, with the engine taking the abuse of the touchdown. The ramjet was strictly expendable and easily replaced. The drone could carry Luneburg lenses to give an enhanced radar signature.

La-17M
The original La-17 was only marginally effective, and air launch was expensive and logistically clumsy, making simulations of "mass attacks" with drones difficult at best. The ramjet engine was thirsty, resulting in such short endurance that if a fighter pilot missed the drone on his first pass, it would have run out of fuel before he could come around again. To address these problems, Lavochkin engineers came up with a ground-launched variant, the La-17M, which performed its initial flights in 1959 and went into service in 1960. The La-17M was launched using a RATO booster under each wing root, from a four-wheel towed launcher derived from the carriage of a standard 100 millimeter antiaircraft gun.

The La-17M was powered by a Mikulin RD-9BK turbojet with 1,950 kgf (4,300 lbf) thrust; the RD-9BK was a derated, non-afterburning, and simplified version of the RD-9B engine used on the MiG-19 fighter. There were teardrop fairings on the wingtips used for compressed air that would be fed to the engine to improve the flight ceiling. Flight endurance improved from the 40 minutes of the La-17 to 60 minutes. As with the La-17, the La-17M bellied in to land.

Early production La-17Ms did not have an autopilot, so were quickly replaced by the La-17MA, which did. Later production featured the RD-9BKR engine, with the same performance as the RD-9BK but with some minor changes to permit low-level operation, and a service life improved from 15 to 30 hours. They also featured an improved landing control system that caused the UAV to "nose up" before touchdown, as well as a landing skid under the engine nacelle. These two refinements permitted landings with much less risk of engine damage. These machines were designated La-17MM and went into service in 1964.

A number of old ramjet-powered La-17s were updated for ground launch, with the twin RATO boosters and some airframe reinforcements. These drones were redesignated La-17n.

La-17R

Early on, development work was initiated to use the ramjet-powered La-17 as the basis for an air-launched reconnaissance drone, but because of the model's deficiencies, it did not happen. However, a ground-launched battlefield reconnaissance drone based on the La-17MM, the La-17R, was introduced in 1962. It featured a nose stretched by 54 cm (22 in) to accommodate a reconnaissance payload. Ultimately a number of different payloads were developed, including high resolution or wide area film cameras, a real-time TV camera, and a radiation monitoring instrument. The La-17R did not have the wingtip compressed air pods for high altitude operation. An improved version of the La-17R, the La-17RM, was introduced in 1965, featuring some of the refinements of the La-17MM target drone.

La-17UM and -17RU
The evolution of the target and reconnaissance variants of the La-17 progressed along two paths, with the result that commonality between the two branches of the family diverged. In order to rationalize production and logistics, a target drone designated the La-17UM and a reconnaissance drone designated the La-17RU were manufactured that were designed for the maximum parts commonality.

These were the last La-17s built by the Lavochkin OKB, but not the last La-17s built in the USSR. The Lavochkin OKB became more and more involved in the development of space systems and the production of La-17s proceeded on "autopilot" into the late 1970s, until availability of RD-9BK engines was exhausted, so that it was no longer possible to build the La-17 as it was.

La-17K
A group of Soviet aerospace organizations then came up with the R11K, an expendable non-afterburning version of the Tumanskiy R11F-300 turbojet, used on first-generation Mikoyan MiG-21 fighters, and the La-17 was redesigned to be fitted with this engine. The Sokol design bureau (OKB) began production of this reengined La-17 in the late 1970s. To the armed services it was still an La-17MM, but had an internal OKB designation of La-17K. The R11K engines were rebuilds of retired R11F-300 engines.

The La-17K remained in production into the early 1990s. It apparently remains in lingering use in Russian service.

Exports
It does not appear that the La-17 family was widely exported, though La-17RM reconnaissance drones were exported to Syria in the 1980s.

The Chinese also obtained the La-17, and in fact built it themselves, though not under a license agreement. In the late 1950s, a number of La-17s had been handed over to the People's Republic of China. When stocks began running low in the later half of the 1960s, when relations with the USSR were generally poor, an effort was begun to reverse engineer the La-17 and build it in China. The resulting product, the Chang Kong (Blue Sky) CK-1, was introduced to service in 1966. It was powered by the WP-6 engine, which was a Chinese copy of the RD-9B and featured some system changes from the original La-17s used as a pattern. It also featured a parachute recovery system.

The CK-1 was quickly followed by the CK-1A, which had underwing pods for additional kit. A CK-1B was introduced into service in 1983 that was optimized for low-level flight and had non-jettisonable underwing fuel tanks. It was followed by the CK-1C, with a much improved control system to provide much more maneuverability, as well as reinforcement to withstand maneuvering stresses.

A vintage example of the La-17 drone apparently is under restoration late in 2012, at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force.

Operators

Current operators

Former operators

Specifications (La-17M)

References

This article contains material that originally came from the web article Unmanned Aerial Vehicles by Greg Goebel, which exists in the Public Domain.

La-017
Ramjet-powered aircraft
1950s Soviet special-purpose aircraft
Unmanned aerial vehicles of the Soviet Union
Single-engined jet aircraft
Aircraft with auxiliary rocket engines
Mid-wing aircraft
Cruciform tail aircraft

Lavochkin La-17


H.320 or Narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment   is an umbrella Recommendation by the ITU-T for running multimedia (audio/video/data) over ISDN based networks. The main protocols in this suite are H.221, H.230, H.242, audio codecs such as G.711 (PCM) and G.728 (CELP), and discrete cosine transform (DCT) video codecs such as H.261 and H.263.

It is formally named as Narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment. It specifies technical requirements for narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment, typically for videoconferencing and videophone services. It describes a generic system configuration consisting of a number of elements which are specified by respective ITU-T Recommendations, definition of communication modes and terminal types, call control arrangements, terminal aspects and interworking requirements.

The service requirements for visual telephone services are presented in ITU-T Recs F.720 for videotelephony and F.702 for videoconference. Video and audio coding systems and other technical aspects common to audiovisual services are covered in other Recommendations in the H.200/F.700-series.

Narrow-band for this specification is defined as bit rates ranging from 64 kbit/s to 1920 kbit/s. This channel capacity may be provided as a single B/H0/H11/H12-channel or multiple B/H0-channels in ISDN.

Used video codecs: H.261, and optionally H.262, H.263, H.264 according to the video hierarchy specified in specification, and in ITU-T Recs H.241 and H.242. H.261 is mandatory in any enhanced H.320 system with video capability. Baseline H.263 capability shall be required in systems that use enhanced video modes.

Used audio codecs: G.711, and optionally G.722, G.728, G.723.1, G.729. (Example of usage: If a visual telephone interworks with a wideband speech terminal, G.722 audio may be used instead of G.711 audio.)

See also

 H.323
 H.324
 H.331

References

External links
 ITU-T website
 ITU-T H.320 : Narrow-band visual telephone systems and terminal equipment - technical specification

Integrated Services Digital Network
Videotelephony
ITU-T recommendations
ITU-T H Series Recommendations

H.320


A Taser is a weapon that is not meant to kill.  Tasers use electricity to shock people so they fall on the ground. If a person is shot by a Taser, they feel like they are hurt and cannot move their arms and legs. Tasers are used by police officers to stop people who want to hurt them, and to stop people who are running away.

How Tasers work

Tasers shoot two small pieces of metal called prongs.  These prongs are connected to long pieces of metal string.  When the Taser is shot, the prongs hit the person and electricity moves along the metal string to shock the person.

If a person is very close, the prongs do not have to shoot but they will still shock.

Safety
Even though a Taser is a weapon that is not meant to kill, the prongs can still hurt people.  There are some times when people die after they are shot with a Taser.  This is because some people get hurt differently by electricity.

Owning Tasers

In many places, people cannot own a Taser. There are special rules to follow to own a Taser.  This is because it is considered a weapon.

In Canada, France, Israel and the United Kingdom only police officers can have a Taser, but in the United States of America and Poland, most people can own a Taser.

Taser


Frédérique Petrides (pronounced peh TREE dis), (September 26, 1903 – January 12, 1983), was a Belgian-American conductor and violinist. In 1933, she founded and conducted the Orchestrette Classique in New York. It consisted of women musicians and premiered works by then relatively untried American composers, such as Paul Creston, Samuel Barber and David Diamond, that are now widely played and celebrated.
She also edited and published the ground-breaking newsletter, Women in Music, which highlighted the activities of professional women musicians throughout the ages.

In addition, she founded several concert series in Manhattan, including the West Side Orchestral Concerts, the Student Symphony Society of New York, and the Carl Schurz Park concerts.

A pioneer and advocate
In 1933, when Frédérique Petrides first presented her Orchestrette Classique, it was almost unheard of for a woman to be an orchestral conductor. And even at the close of her career, in 1977, not much had changed in that regard. Petrides was a pioneer, as one of the first woman conductors and "one-woman crusader" for the rights and advancement of women musicians in general, through her performances, articles and the dissemination, in the United States and internationally, of the Women in Music newsletters.

Beginnings and influences

In Belgium

Frédérique Petrides was born Frédérique Jeanne Elisabeth Petronella Mayer, into a luxurious life in Antwerp, Belgium on September 26, 1903, which she later shared with two younger brothers, Jan and Gottfried. She was daughter to Joseph Heinrich Friedrich Mayer, a prominent industrialist and art collector, and Séraphine Sebrechts Mayer, a well-known pianist, composer and teacher at the Royal Conservatory of Brussels, who was also an accomplished painter and photographer.

Growing up, Frédérique ("Riki" to family and friends) and her siblings, had, according to her brother Jan's 1957 memoir, a very formal father, in manner and dress, old enough to be their "grandfather" and two "simultaneous mothers" : Séraphine, who attended to their artistic development, and her closest friend since childhood, Jeanne Françoise Schenck, whom they called Godel (Bavarian German for godmother). Godel lived with them and, assisted by their governess, Fraulein Klara, attended to the day-to-day matters. She was also responsible for their schooling, with the result that all three were given high scholastic marks when they eventually entered the German school on Antwerp's rue Grétry, considered one of the best private schools in the city. Jan Mayer wrote this about their father, mother and Godel, "...few people have been so fortunate in the choice of their early associates."

And many days were spent at The Kitchburg (German for Kitsch Castle), the family's country home in Capellenbosch, a suburb of Antwerp. There the children explored the grounds, played with the domesticated and wild animals, invented elaborate games of the imagination; and scouted for swarms of bees to add to their mother's bee hives.

Another aspect of Riki's upbringing, was the family's isolation. Her father had been born German, and his powerful and aristocratic family (his maternal grandparents were von Wittgensteins and his grandmother had been born a Schaafhausen) disapproved of his marriage to the Belgian musician, Séraphine Sebrechts, and except for his brother, August, ended all communications with him. Also later, with the advent of World War I, most of the Mayers' Belgian friends were no longer willing to be on good terms with an expatriate German, and turned their backs on him and his family.

All the while, Riki pursued her musical training. She studied violin as one of three private students accepted by Mathieu Crickboom, who played second violin in the famed Ysaye String Quartet; and she was taught theory and composition by her mother; Sebrechts had been "preparing to compete for the Belgium Prix de Rome in composition until dissuaded by her conventional parents. It was the waste of her mother's fine talent, Petrides believes, which motivated her to work for the advancement of women musicians, as she did in the 1930s and 40s".

In New York

In 1923, Riki emigrated to the United States where she enrolled in a conducting class at New York University, because an orchestra was available to her there on which she could practice. She also gave violin recitals, violin lessons, and coached string players.

Years later, from 1950 to 1956, at the invitation of a conductor whom she greatly admired, Dimitri Mitropoulos, she would attend his New York Philharmonic rehearsals, and confer with him, which strengthened her development as a conductor.

The Orchestrette

In 1931, she married journalist, Peter Petrides, who wholeheartedly supported her career, and encouraged her to found the Orchestrette Classique, in 1933, of which he became manager and publicist. The Orchestrette, an all-women chamber orchestra, gave five to six concerts annually in Carnegie Chamber Music Hall, now Weill Recital Hall. In 1942, the Orchestrette Classique was renamed the Orchestrette of New York.

Under Madame Petrides's direction, the programming was notable in combining performances of little-known works by the classical masters with premieres of pieces by then relatively unknown American composers like Samuel Barber and Paul Creston, and the British Ralph Vaughan Williams, that have since entered the musical canon.

From 1935 to 1940, with the help of her husband, Frédérique Petrides edited and published the Orchestrette's Women in Music newsletters; a unique series, it followed the activities of women musicians from ancient times to the then present.

Women musicians in demand

The Orchestrette of New York was made up of extraordinary women instrumentalists, and, because the Second World War's draft caused vacancies, they were suddenly offered positions in the major symphony orchestras. Petrides, not wanting to discourage her players' advancement, chose to let the Orchestrette come to an end, and its final performance was given in 1943.

Activities

From then on, until the end of her career in 1977, Frédérique Petrides conducted mixed orchestras and continued to unearth not widely known compositions by classical composers, and to introduce works by American composers. In the 1930s, she had founded the Hudson Valley Symphony Orchestra in Tarrytown, New York, which she headed for seven years. Then, in 1956 and 1957, she conducted concerts in Washington Square Park; and in 1958, she founded the Carl Schurz Park concert series on Manhattan's Upper East Side, at which, for five years, she led her Festival Symphony Orchestra, composed primarily of members of the New York Philharmonic. In 1962, she founded the West Side Community Concerts (renamed West Side Orchestral Concerts in 1968) in Riverside Park, where she continued to lead her Festival Symphony Orchestra until 1977.

She also established the Student Symphony Society of New York City, which she conducted for eleven seasons, beginning in 1950, whose members, age nine to nineteen, were selected for their talent.

Reviewers

Petrides's accomplishments were reviewed by leading critics and writers such as Virgil Thomson,  H. Howard Taubman, Irving Kolodin, Olin Downes, Robert A. Simon, Jerome D. Bohm, Francis D. Perkins, Theodore Strongin, Raymond Ericson, Harold C. Schonberg and Robert Sherman who, in the New York Times of July 3, 1970, describes Petrides as "a prime mover in New York's cultural affairs since the mid-thirties".

Legacy

Frédérique Petrides died in New York on January 12, 1983, at the age of 79. "She was one of the most influential champions of women in the profession of music in the twentieth century."

Notes and references
Notes

 References

 Bibliography
 Non-fiction books

 Articles and manuscripts

 ,

  Accessed March 8, 2011.

 Collections

 Art Institute of Chicago, Photography Collection, where Sebrechts photographs are housed.

 Finding Aid, Series 4 Folder 17

 Reference books

External links

 Frédérique Petrides papers, 1923-1986 Music Division, The New York Public Library.
 Frédérique Petrides papers, Additions, 1918-1983 Music Division, The New York Public Library.

1903 births
1983 deaths
20th-century conductors (music)
Belgian women conductors (music)
20th-century Belgian male musicians

Frédérique Petrides


The Rattlesnake Hills greenstone belt represents a fragment of a partially exposed synformal Archean greenstone belt within the Wyoming craton that was intruded by Cenozoic alkalic volcanics.  The supracrustal belt has been subjected to multiphase deformation during the Archean and later brittle deformation during the Laramide orogeny.  Ductile deformation during the Archean produced foliation, and at least three episodes of folding.

Folding
The exposed core of the Rattlesnake Hills forms an Archean supracrustal belt of metasedimentary and metavolcanic rock that has been intruded by more than 40 Cenozoic alkalic plugs and dikes.  Mapping by Hausel indicated that the supracrustal belt consisted of a refolded, isoclinally folded, greenstone belt fragment with a lower(?) metasedimentary unit of metapelite, quartzite, banded iron formation and amphibolite named the Barlow Springs Formation.  The Barlow Springs Formation is overlain by pillowed metatholeiites of the McDougal Gulch Metavolcanics, which, in turn, is overlain by metagreywacke with intercalated metacherts of the UT Creek Formation.  The northern limb of the Rattlesnake synform was not uplifted and presumably underlies the Phanerozoic sediments north of the uplift.

Mineralization
At least three episodes of gold mineralization are recognized in the district.  These include syngenetic stratabound exhalitive mineralization, epigenetic mineralization, and disseminated epithermal gold associated with the volcanic activity.

The presence of anomalous gold associated with the Cenozoic alkalic volcanism suggests this region to represent a favorable exploration target for low-grade, large-tonnage, gold mineralization. The greenstone belt was considered to have high potential for gold mineralization by Hausel who investigated the greenstone belt initially in 1982 and made several significant discoveries. Since 1996, several companies, the most notable at present being EVG (Evolving Gold Corp), have explored the belt finding additional gold anomalies including at least one deposit with > 1 million ounces of gold.

See also
List of greenstone belts

References

Geology of Wyoming
Volcanism of Wyoming
Greenstone belts
Archean volcanism

Rattlesnake Hills greenstone belt


The Word Hoard was a large body of text (approximately 1000 typewriter pages) produced by author William S. Burroughs between roughly 1954 and 1958.

Material from the word hoard was the basis for Naked Lunch and the Interzone collection, as well as much of The Soft Machine and minor parts of Nova Express and The Ticket That Exploded. Central to the "Word Hoard" was the 200-page "Interzone" manuscript that Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac and Alan Ansen helped organise and type in Tangier in spring 1957, and which became, with later additions, Naked Lunch in 1959.

The Nova Trilogy
The Soft Machine, The Ticket That Exploded and Nova Express form a trilogy, sometimes dubbed The Nova Trilogy or The Cut-Up Trilogy. The overlaps between Naked Lunch and The Soft Machine confirm that both drew on the same body of manuscripts, but in the case of the other two volumes it is clear that most of the material did not. In 2014, Grove Press published new, 'Restored' editions, edited by Oliver Harris, which established their complex manuscript and publishing histories.

In The Beat Book from 1974, Burroughs claims that when he edits a novel, about half of the material is cut away and later recycled in the next novel. This explains the phenomenon of the plots and characters fading in and out from the different books.

Although Burroughs never used the term himself, The Nova Trilogy was intended by the author as "a mythology for the space age."

References

Novels by William S. Burroughs

The Word Hoard


Software engineering (SE) nyaéta profession nu mokuskeun kana nyieun sarta ngarawat aplikasi software ngagunakeun computer science, project management, domain knowledge, common sense sarta kamampu jeung teknologi séjén.

Software applications  (kaasup ATMs, compilers, databases, platforms, processes, standards, jeung tools) ngabantu "pengembang", ku ningkatkeun productivity jeung quality.

SE community kaasup 630,000 praktisi jeung pendidik di U.S. sarta kira-kira 1,400,000 praktisi di E.U., Asia, jeung tempat séjénna; jeung kira-kira 60% dina rekayasa tradisional. American SE pioneers kaasup Kent Beck, Barry Boehm, Fred Brooks, Watts Humphrey, jeung David Parnas.

There is considerable debate over whether software development should be considered a branch of traditional engineering, a branch of computer science, an independent scientific field, or a non-scientific craft. This article attempts to be neutral on this issue, but errs on the side of being independent to clarify the differences between fields.

As of 2004, in common parlance the term software engineering is used with at léast three distinct méanings:
 As the usual contemporary term for the broad range of activities that was formerly called programming or systems analysis;
 As the broad term for the technical analysis of all aspects of the practice, as opposed to the theory of computer programming;
 As the term embodying the advocacy of a specific approach to computer programming, one that urges that it be tréated as an engineering profession rather than an art or a craft, and advocates the codification of recommended practices in the form of software engineering methodologies.

Software Engineering matters

In the U.S., software drove about 1/4 of all increase in GDP during the 1990s (about $90 billion per yéar), and 1/6 of all productivity growth (efficiency within GDP) during the late 1990s (about $33 billion per yéar). Software engineering drove $1 trillion of economic and productivity growth over the last decade. See also software engineering economics.

Software engineering changes world culture, wherever péople use computers. Email, the world-wide web, and instant messaging enable péople to interact in new ways. Software lowers the cost and improves the quality of héalth-care, fire departments, and other important social services.

Successful projects where software engineering methods have been applied include Linux, the space shuttle software, and automatic teller machines. When it is chéaper to run a business or agency with software applications than without, businesses and agencies often invest in computers, software, and personnel.

Education

Péople from many different educational backgrounds maké important contributions to SE. The fraction of practitioners who éarn computer science or software engineering degrees has been slowly rising. Today about 1/2 of all software engineers éarn computer science or software engineering degrees. For comparison, about 3/4 of all traditional engineers éarn engineering degrees.

Software: About half of all practitioners today have computer science degrees, which are the most relevant degrees that are widely available. A small, but growing, number of practitioners have software engineering degrees. Today in the U.S., about 2,000 universities offer computer science degrees and about 50 universities offer software engineering degrees. Most SE practitioners will éarn computer science degrees for decades to come, though someday, this may change.

Domain: Some practitioners have degrees in application domains, bringing important domain knowledge and experience to projects. In MIS, some practitioners have business degrees. In embedded systems, some practitioners have electrical or computer engineering degrees, because embedded software often requires a detailed understanding of hardware. In medical software, some practitioners have medical informatics degrees, or general medical or biology degrees.

Other: Some practitioners have mathematics, science, engineering, or other technical degrees. Some have philosophy, or other non-technical degrees. And, some have no degrees. Note that Barry Boehm éarned degrees in mathematics and Edsger Dijkstra éarned degrees in physics.

Graduate software engineering degrees have been available from dozens of universities for a decade or so. Undergraduate software engineering degrees are being established at many universities. A new curriculum for undergraduate software engineering degrees is currently being defined by the CCSE.

Practice

Practitioners specialize in many roles in industry (analysts, developers, testers, technical support, managers) and academia (educators, researchers).

Most software engineers work as employees or contractors. Software engineers work with businesses, government agencies (civilian or military), and non-profit agencies (a school or .org like Wikipedia). Some software engineers work for themselves as free agents.

There is considerable debate over the future employment prospects for Software Engineers and other IT Professionals. For example, an online futures market called the Future of IT Jobs in America attempts to answer the question as to whether there will be more IT jobs, including software engineers, in 2012 than there were in 2002.

Debates

Many debates are raging within SE. As software becomes more pervasive, we all recognize the need for better software, but we disagree on how.

Technologies and Practices: What is the best way to maké more and better software? SEs advocate many different technologies and practices, with much disagreement. This debate has gone on for 60 yéars and may continue forever.

Identity: Is SE a branch of computer science, a branch of traditional engineering, or a field that stands on its own? Recently, software engineering has been finding its own identity and emerging as an important field. Yet, some advocate making SE a part of traditional engineering and others advocate keeping SE a part of computer science.

Professionalism: What will SEs do about professionalism, licensing, and ethics? Licensing is a polarizing issue. Some fiercely advocate it. Others staunchly oppose it.

Success: Is SE a success or a failure? Some look to the enormous economic growth and productivity gains enabled by software and claim that software engineering is a huge success. Others point to the ongoing problems with crashing operating systems and computer viruses and claim that software engineering has failed. How can we reconcile these points of view?

For more details see Debates within software engineering.

Current directions for software engineering

Aspect-oriented programming and agile methods are important emerging SE technologies and practices.

Aspects help programmers déal with ilities by providing tools to add or remove boilerplate code from many aréas in the source code. Aspects describe how all objects or functions should behave in particular circumstances. For example, aspects can add debugging, logging, or locking control
into all objects of particular types. Reséarchers are currently working to understand how to use aspects to design general-purpose code. Related concepts include generative programming and templates.

Agile Methods guide software development projects that evolve rapidly with changing expectations and competitive markets. The héavy, document-driven processes (like CMM and ISO 9000) are fading in importance. Some péople believe that companies and agencies export many of the jobs that can be guided by héavy-weight processes. Related concepts include extreme programming and lean software development.

The Future of Software Engineering  conference (FOSE) held at the ICSE 2000 documented the state of the art of SE in 2000 and listed many problems to be solved over the next decade. The Feyerabend project attempts to discover the future of software engineering by seeking and publishing innovative idéas.

Conferences dedicated to inform undergraduate students like the annual Canadian University Software Engineering Conference  (CUSEC) are also very promissing for the future generation. It is completely organized by undergraduate students and let different Canadian Universities interrested in Software Engineering to host the conference éach yéar. Past guests includes Kent Beck, Joel Spolsky, Philippe Kruchten, Hal Helms, Craig Larman as well as university professors and students.

Related articles
 History of software engineering
 Criticism of software engineering
 Debates within software engineering
 Comparing software engineering and related fields
 List of software engineering topics
 Important publications in software engineering

Software engineering

Rékayasa software


The term spa is associatit wi watter treatment which is kent as balneotherapy an aw. Spa touns or spa resorts (includin hot springs resorts) teepically affer sindry halth treatments. The belief in the curative pouers o mineral watters goes back tae prehistoric times. Such practices hae been popular warldwide, but are especially widespread in Europe an Japan. Day spas are quite popular an aw, an affer sindry personal care treatments.

Notes

Therapy
Balneotherapy
Bathin

Spa


Jacob's Room is the third novel by Virginia Woolf, first published on 26 October 1922.

The novel centres, in a very ambiguous way, around the life story of the protagonist Jacob Flanders and is presented almost entirely through the impressions other characters have of Jacob. Thus, although it could be said that the book is primarily a character study and has little in the way of plot or background, the narrative is constructed with a void in place of the central character if, indeed, the novel can be said to have a 'protagonist' in conventional terms.

Motifs of emptiness and absence haunt the novel and establish its elegiac feel. Jacob is described to us, but in such indirect terms that it would seem better to view him as an amalgam of the different perceptions of the characters and narrator. He does not exist as a concrete reality, but rather as a collection of memories and sensations.

Plot summary
Set in pre-war England, the novel begins in Jacob's childhood and follows him through college at Cambridge and into adulthood. The story is told mainly through the perspectives of the women in Jacob's life, including the repressed upper-middle-class Clara Durrant and the uninhibited young art student Florinda, with whom he has an affair. His time in London forms a large part of the story, though towards the end of the novel he travels to Italy and then Greece.

Literary significance
The novel is a departure from Woolf's earlier two novels, The Voyage Out (1915) and Night and Day (1919), which are more conventional in form and narration. The work is seen as an important modernist text; its experimental form is viewed as a progression of the innovative writing style Woolf presented in her earlier collection of short fiction titled Monday or Tuesday (1919).

Further reading
 Ane Martine Lönneker: "What Can This Sorrow Be?" Elegiac Affectivity in Virginia Woolf's ′Jacob's Room′, in: Structures of Feeling. Affectivity and the Study of Culture, edited by Devika Sharma and Frederik Tygstrup, de Gruyter, 2015, p. 169–177,

External links

 Review from The Guardian

1922 British novels
Novels by Virginia Woolf
Novels set in University of Cambridge
Hogarth Press books

Jacob's Room


Bay leaf (plural bay leaves), (Greek Daphni, Romanian Foi de Dafin) is the aromatic leaf of several species of the Laurel family (Lauraceae). Fresh or dried bay leaves are used in cooking for their distinctive flavor and fragrance.
Laurus nobilis, is a culinary herb often used to flavor soups, stews, and braises and pâtés in Mediterranean Cuisine. The fresh leaves are very mild and do not develop their full flavor until several weeks after picking and drying.

California bay leaf
The leaf of the California bay tree (Umbellularia californica), also known as 'California laurel', 'Oregon myrtle', and 'pepperwood', is similar to the Mediterranean bay but has a stronger flavor.

"Indian bay leaf" (also tej pat, tejpat, tejpata तेजपत्ता or Tamalpatra तमालपत्र)
The leaf of the Cinnamomum tejpata (malabathrum) tree is similar in fragrance and taste to cinnamon bark, but milder. In appearance, it is similar to the other bay leaves but is culinarily quite different, having an aroma and flavor more similar to that of Cassia. It is inaccurately called a bay leaf as it is of a different genus (though the same family) as the bay laurel.

Herbs
Lauraceae

Bay leaf


Herman V, Margrave of Baden (c. 1180 – 17 January 1243) ruled Verona and Baden from 1190 until his death.

He was the son of Herman IV and his wife Bertha of Tübingen. He married in 1217 to Irmengard, Countess Palatine by the Rhine (born 1200, died February 25, 1260); their marriage lasted until Herman V's death.

In the German throne dispute of 1198, Hermann was on the side of King Philip, and from 1208–1211 on the side of Emperor Otto IV. He was a devout follower of Emperor Frederick II. Hermann also founded the cities of Backnang, Pforzheim, and Stuttgart. In 1219 Pforzheim became the seat of power for the Margravate of Baden.

In 1218 he abandoned claims to titles in Zähringen, and in 1227 gave up claims in Braunschweig as well. Herman was then made Count of Ortenau and Breisgau. In the entourage of Emperor Frederick II, he traveled through much of Germany and Italy, and in 1221 went into captivity in Egypt. He took part in the Fifth Crusade and the Sixth Crusade in 1228 with Frederick II and his brother. The Margrave counselled Henry VII until he was thrown out. Hermann also took part in the defensive struggle against the Mongols at Liegnitz.

He founded or supported several important monasteries: Maulbronn Abbey, Tennenbach Abbey, Herrenalb Abbey, Selz Abbey, Salem Abbey and Backnang Abbey. His wife Irmengard founded Lichtenthal Abbey in Baden-Baden in 1245, which later became the burial place of the margraves.

Hermann was buried in Backnang, until his widow reinterred his remains at Lichtenthal in 1248.

Family
The Margrave and his wife had the following children:

Herman VI (born 1225, died October 4, 1250)
Rudolf I (born 1230, died November 19, 1288)
Mechtild (died 1258) married on April 4, 1251 to Ulrich I, Count of Württemberg (born in 1222, died on February 25, 1265)
Elisabeth, who married firstly Count Eberhard of Eberstein, and secondly Ludwig II of Lichtenberg.

References

External links
 genealogie-mittelalter.de

Margraves of Baden-Baden
Christians of the Fifth Crusade
1180 births
1243 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
Burials at Backnang Abbey
Royal reburials

Herman V, Margrave of Baden-Baden


Kunstforeningen (English The Art Society), now officially called Gammel Strand after its address, is an exhibition space and non-profit membership organization located at Gammel Strand in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was founded in 1825 to promote and support  art through public exhibitions, lectures, acquisitions of art works for distribution among the members, support of artists and publications on art.

History
Kunstforeningen was founded as a temporary society in 1825 by a circle of the most influential figures of the Danish art world during the Danish Golden Age. They were Johan Christian Fick, professors J. L. Lund, C. W. Eckersberg and G. F. Hetsch from the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, the landscape painter J. P. Møller, the art historian Niels Laurits Høyen and Just Mathias Thiele, the secretary of the Academy. In 1827, it became a more well-defined and active organization but by 1829 still had only 71 members. The purpose was to broaden the knowledge of art and to bridge the gap between the elite and a wider public. From the beginning, it also aimed to influence and not just support the Danish scene, probably prompted by Høyen. This was achieved by commissioning artworks, rather than just buying finished works, and through prize competitions. After opposition among members in 1835, this activist practice was toned down in 1835 and more focus was directed at the acquisition and redistribution among members. The society also funded various public artworks. The first public art exhibition was held in 1828 and featured 117 paintings by Jens Juel.

In 1835, the society had grown to 1,100 and in the early 1860s it had reached 1,700 members. Weekly sessions were held at Hotel Du Nord, and from 1826 at the Freemasons Hall, while the exhibitions were held at the City Hall. Later the society's activities relocated several more times before finding their current base at Gammel Strand in 1952. Ever since, the focus has increasingly been on art exhibitions.

On 26 September 2010, the building reopened after a major renovation.

Building
Kunstforeningen's building at Gammel Strand is a town house from 1750. It was designed by Philip de Lange.

Kunstforeningen today
Kunstforeningen hosts five exhibitions every year. The emphasis is on Danish and international contemporary art. One of the annual exhibitions is of works by the year's graduates from the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts.

The building has a second entrance at the rear, at Læderstræde 15, which is recommended for those in wheelchairs or with prams since it has an elevator providing direct access to all floors.

See also
 Danish Golden Age

References

External links
 Official website (English version)
 Kunstforeningen at arkitekturbilleder.dk (images)

Art museums and galleries in Copenhagen
Organizations based in Copenhagen
1825 establishments in Denmark
Art galleries established in 1825
Art societies

Kunstforeningen


The Legion of Super-Heroes is a fictional superhero team in the 30th and 31st centuries of the DC Comics universe. The team first appears in Adventure Comics #247 (April 1958), and was created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino.

Initially, the team was closely associated with the original Superboy (Superman when he was a teenager), and was first portrayed as a group of time travelers who frequently visited him. In later years, the Legion's origin and back story were fleshed out, and the group was given prominence on par with Superboy's in a monthly comic. Eventually, Superboy was removed altogether, except as an occasional guest star.

The team has undergone two major reboots during its publication. The original version was replaced with a new rebooted version following the events of "Zero Hour" in 1994 and another rebooted team was introduced in 2004. A fourth version of the team, nearly identical to the original version, was introduced in 2007.

DC Comics superheroes

Legion of Super-Heroes


Pierre-Simon de Laplace used an operator in order to be able to model the movement of stars. This operator, later named Laplace operator, is used on functions of scalars. The Laplace operator, which is also called scalar Laplacian, applies to scalar fields and returns a scalar quantity. The Vector Laplacian applies to the vector fields and returns a vector quantity. When computed in rectangular Cartesian coordinates, the returned vector field is equal to the vector field of the scalar Laplacian applied on the individual elements.

In physics, the Vector Laplacian is commonly used for the wave equations that are used to model electromagnetic fields.

Calculus

Vector Laplacian


Windows Product Activation is a service built into all versions of Windows from Windows XP and Windows Server 2003 above to stop people downloading pirated copies. The user has 30 days to activate Windows and after 30 days, the computer will not run properly until it is activated.

Activation Process
When Windows is first installed, there will be a little icon on the screen with a message asking for Windows to be activated.

Then an activation wizard will appear and the user has 2 options on activating Windows. Activation could be done on the Internet, or on the telephone. The quickest way to activate is by the Internet, but if that fails, then the user would need to call Microsoft for the activation ID. The activation ID would be read by the representative and then the user would type in the key on the activation Wizard screen.

Microsoft operating systems

de:Microsoft Windows XP#Produktaktivierung

Windows Product Activation


Downtown (called a city centre in British English) is a word used in North America which refers to the main part of a city. It is usually the central business district where most commercial and office areas are; many of them being in skyscrapers. Tourism also concentrates there.

Urban geography

Downtown


Antiquity may mean:
 Generally it means "ancient history," and may be used for any historical period before the Middle Ages.
 More specifically it means the classical antiquity of ancient Greece and Rome.
 It may also be used for several periods of ancient history, like Ancient Egypt, Ancient Manipur (Antique Kangleipak), ancient Mesopotamia or other early civilizations of the Near East. It is less commonly used for civilizations of the Far East.
 The term, almost always in the plural in modern usage, is also used of antiquities, or archaeological or other objects surviving from ancient cultures.
 Antiquity (journal) is a quarterly journal of archaeological research.
 Antiquities (Magic: The Gathering) an expansion to the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game.

Antiquity


In Greek mythology, the Anemoi ( – "winds") are the gods of the four winds — Boreas (the north wind), Notus (the south), Eurus (the east), and Zephryus (the west). They were the sons of Eos, goddess of the dawn, and Astraeus. They were each associated with a particular season and its weather conditions. In the form of horses they drew the chariot of Zeus.

Mythology

Boreas
Boreas (, Boréas) was the god of the north wind and bringer of cold winter air. He was married to the Athenian princess Orithyia, with whom he had two sons, Zethes and Calaïs, and one daughter, Khione, the goddess of snow. His Roman equivalent is Aquilo.

Zephyrus
Zephyrus (, Zéphyros), sometimes known in English as just Zephyr, was the god of the west wind who brought rain and early summer breezes. He was the gentlest of the winds, and the one most prominently featured in Greek myth. Favonius is his Roman equivalent.

Notus
Notus (, Nótos) was the god of the south wind. He brought late summer and autumn storms and was feared as a destroyer of crops. His Roman equivalent is Auster.

Eurus
Eurus (, Euros) was the god of the east wind, and was believed to be a bringer of bad luck. Vulturnus is his Roman counterpart.

Greek gods and goddesses

Anemoi


Acceleration is a measure of how fast velocity changes. Acceleration is the change of velocity divided by the change of time. Acceleration is a vector, and therefore includes both a size and a direction. Acceleration is also a change in speed and direction, there is:

Speed (a scalar quantity) (uses no direction)

 Distance is how far you traveled
 Time is how long it took you to travel
 Speed is how fast you are moving - Speed = Distance / Time

Velocity (a vector quantity) (uses a direction)

 Displacement is how much your position has changed in what direction
 Velocity is how quickly your position is changing and in what direction
 Velocity = Displacement / Time

The measurement of how fast acceleration changes is called jerk.

Examples
 An object was moving north at 10 meters per second. The object speeds up and now is moving north at 17 meters per second. The object has accelerated.
 An apple is falling down. It starts falling at 0 meters per second. At the end of the first second, the apple is moving at 9.8 meters per second. The apple has accelerated. At the end of the second second, the apple is moving down at 19.6 meters per second. The apple has accelerated again.
 Jane is walking east at 3 kilometers per hour. Jane's velocity does not change. Jane's acceleration is zero.
 Tom was walking east at 3 kilometers per hour. Tom turns and walks south at 3 kilometers per hour. Tom has had a nonzero acceleration.
 Sally was walking east at 3 kilometers per hour. Sally slows down. After, Sally walks east at 1.5 kilometers per hour. Sally has had a nonzero acceleration.
 Acceleration due to gravity

Finding acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change of the velocity of an object. Acceleration  can be found by using:

where
 is the velocity at the start
 is the velocity at the end
 is the time at the start
 is the time at the end

Sometimes the change in velocity  is written as Δ. Sometimes the change in time  is written as Δt.

In difficult situations, the acceleration can be calculated using mathematics: in calculus, acceleration is the derivative of the velocity (with respect to time), .

Units of measurement
Acceleration has its own units of measurement. For example, if velocity is measured in meters per second, and if time is measured in seconds, then acceleration is measured in meters per second squared  (m/s2).

Other words
Acceleration can be positive or negative. When the acceleration is negative (but the velocity does not change direction), it is sometimes called deceleration. For example, when a car brakes it decelerates. Physicists usually only use the word "acceleration".

Newton's second law of motion
Newton's laws of motion are rules for how things move. These rules are called "laws of motion". Isaac Newton is the scientist who first wrote down the main laws of motion.
According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, the force something needs to accelerate an object depends on the object's mass (the amount of "stuff" the object is made from or how "heavy" it is).
The formula of Newton's Second Law of Motion is ,
where  is the acceleration,  is the force, and  the mass.
This formula is very well-known, and it is very important in physics. Newton's Second Law of Motion, in short "Newton's Second Law", is often one of the first things that physics students learn.

Deceleration
Deceleration is negative or backwards acceleration. This means that something slows down instead of speeding up. For example, when a car brakes, it is decelerating.

Basic physics ideas
Mechanics

Acceleration