The phrase Roaring Twenties describes the 1920s, a time in North America when art, society, and culture were rapidly changing. The term 'Roaring' applies here, as art, society and culture were rapidly improving and therefore 'Roaring'. Prohibition was in place and so North America was a very 'wise' and 'clean-cut' place to be.

Economy
The North American economy during the 1920s was doing very well because World War I had just ended. Many new products were being made for the consumer. Products were being produced on a huge scale throughout North America, one example of these products is the 'Model T Ford', a car that was seen in every state of the USA.

Culture
The culture of the Roaring Twenties was very different from before. Women's roles were changed. Liberal young women, called flappers, wore short skirts, cut their hair short, and listened to a new form of music called jazz. Women had gotten the right to vote. Writers like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway were called the Lost Generation because they moved out of the United States after the war. African-American art and culture also grew a lot during the Harlem Renaissance.

Problems of the Roaring Twenties
Even though North America was doing very well in terms of prosperity, a lot of problems still arose. One of the main problems in North America during the 1920s was Organized Crime. Gangs of foreign immigrants were importing illegal alcohol, tobacco, firearms etc. One of the most famous gangsters of this time was Al Capone.

1920s in the United States

Roaring Twenties


Procopius of Caesarea (, c. 500 – c. 565) was a prominent Eastern Roman scholar. He took part in the wars of the Emperor Justinian I, and was the major historian of the 6th century AD, writing the Wars of Justinian, the Buildings of Justinian and the celebrated Secret History. He is commonly held to be the last major historian of the ancient world.

Writings
The writings of Procopius are the primary source of information for the rule of the Roman emperor Justinian. Procopius was the author of a history in eight books of the wars fought by Justinian I, with information on Justinian's public works throughout the empire, and a book known as the Secret History (Greek: Anekdota) that claims to report the scandals that Procopius could not include in his published history.

A number of historical novels based on Procopius' works (along with other sources) have been written, of which the best, Count Belisarius, was written by poet and novelist Robert Graves in 1938.

Further reading

 Greatrex, Geoffrey: Recent work on Procopius and the composition of Wars VIII; in: Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 27 (2003), 45-67.
 Treadgold, Warren: The Early Byzantine Historians, Basingstoke 2007, 176-226.

List of selected works
 Procopii Caesariensis opera omnia.  Edited by J. Haury; revised by G. Wirth.  3 vols.  Leipzig: Teubner, 1976-64.  Greek text.
 Procopius.  Edited by H. B. Dewing.  7 vols.  Loeb Classical Library.  Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press and London, Hutchinson, 1914–40.  Greek text and English translation.
 Procopius, The Secret History, translated by G.A. Williamson. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1966. A readable and accessible English translation of the Anecdota.

Other websites

Texts of Procopius

 Complete Works, Greek text (Migne Patrologia Graeca)  with analytical indexes
 The Secret History, English translation (Atwater, 1927) at the Internet Medieval Sourcebook
 The Secret History, English translation (Dewing, 1935) at LacusCurtius
 The Buildings, English translation (Dewing, 1935) at LacusCurtius
 The Buildings, Book IV  Greek text with commentaries, index nominum, etc. at Sorin Olteanu's LTDM Project

 Dewing's Loeb edition of the Wars, books 1 and 2 at the Internet Archive
 Dewing's Loeb edition of the Wars, books 3 and 4 at the Internet Archive
 Complete Works 1, Greek ed. by Karl Wilhelm Dindorf, Latin trans. by Claude Maltret in Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Pars II Vol. 1, 1833. (Persian Wars I-II, Vandal Wars I-II)
 Complete Works 2, Greek ed. by Karl Wilhelm Dindorf, Latin trans. by Claude Maltret in Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Pars II Vol. 2, 1833. (Gothic Wars I-IV)
 Complete Works 3, Greek ed. by Karl Wilhelm Dindorf, Latin trans. by Claude Maltret in Corpus Scriptorum Historiae Byzantinae Pars II Vol. 3, 1838. (Secret History, Buildings of Justinan)

This article is based on an earlier version  by James Allan Evans, originally posted at Nupedia.

500 births
565 deaths
Byzantine Empire
Ancient Roman historians
Ancient Roman writers

Procopius


Sir Gawain is a legendary character in the King Arthur stories, but according to some historical critics originates and inspired from a real knight of 850 in the area of north Europe, between legend and oral norvegian Orkney Islands history. He is one of the most important Knights of the Round Table. His parents are Arthur's sister Anna and King Lot. He is the main character of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, a medieval fantasy poem. He is said to be Arthur's nephew. He appears very early on in the legend and has been mentioned in very early Welsh sord in wales.

He is one of a select number of Round Table members to be referred to as one of the greatest knights, most notably in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, well know also like with the nickname First knight. He is almost always portrayed as the son of Arthur's sister Morgause (or Anna) and King Lot of Orkney and Lothian, and his brothers are Agravain, Gaheris, Gareth, and Mordred. He was well known to be the most trustworthy friend of Sir Lancelot. In some works, Sir Gawain has sisters as well.

Gawain is often portrayed as a formidable, courteous, and also a compassionate warrior, fiercely loyal to his king and family. He is a friend to young knights, a defender of the poor, and as "the Maidens' Knight", a defender of women as well. In some works, his strength waxes and wanes with the sun; in the most common form of this motif, his might triples by noon, but fades as the sun sets. His knowledge of herbs makes him a great healer, and he is credited with at least three children: Florence, Lovell, and Gingalain, the last of which is also called Libeaus Desconus or Le Bel Inconnu, the Fair Unknown. Gawain appears in English, French and Celtic literature as well as in Italy where he appears in the architecture of the north portal in the cathedral of Modena, constructed in 1184.

Name Gawain (Gauvain)
Gawain is also called Gauvain,Gualguanus, Gwalchmei, Walwein, etc. is King Arthur's nephew and a Knight of the Round Table in the Arthurian legend. Under the name Gwalchmei, he appears very early in the legend's development: he is mentioned in some of the earliest Welsh Arthurian sources.
Gawain is known by different names and variants in different languages. The character corresponds to the Welsh Gwalchmei ap Gwyar, and is known in Latin as Walwen, Gualguanus, Waluanus, etc.; in French as Gauvain; and in English as Gawain. The later forms are generally assumed to derive from the Welsh Gwalchmei. The element Gwalch means hawk, and is a typical epithet in medieval Welsh poetry. The meaning of mei is uncertain. It has been suggested that it refers to the month of May (Mai in Modern Welsh), rendering "Hawk of May", though scholar Rachel Bromwich considers this unlikely. Kenneth Jackson suggests the name evolved from an early Common Brittonic name *Ualcos Magesos, meaning "Hawk of the Plain".

Not all scholars accept the gwalch derivation. Celticist John Koch suggests the name could be derived from a Brythonic original *Wolcos Magesos, "Wolf/Errant Warrior of the Plain." Others argue that the continental forms do not ultimately derive from Gwalchmei. Medievalist Roger Sherman Loomis suggests a derivation from the epithet Gwallt Avwyn, found in the list of heroes in Culhwch and Olwen, which he translates as "hair like reins" or "bright hair". Dutch scholar Lauran Toorians proposes that the Dutch name Walewein (attested in Flanders and Northern France c. 1100) was earliest, suggesting it entered Britain during the large settlement of Flemings in Wales in the early 12th century. However, most scholarship supports a derivation from Gwalchmei, variants of which are well attested in Wales and Britain. Scholars such as Bromwich, Joseph Loth, and Heinrich Zimmer trace the etymology of the continental versions to a corruption of the Breton form of the name, Walcmoei.

Notes

Characters in written fiction

Sir Gawain


was a weekly manga magazine published by Shogakukan in Japan since the first issue on March 27, 1987. It replaced Shōnen Big Comic in Shogakukan's lineup of shōnen titles, and many of the titles in Shōnen Big Comic were continued in Young Sunday. The magazines was sometimes called  for short.

To celebrate the 20th anniversary of Weekly Young Sunday, Shogakukan and Yahoo! Auctions Japan held a charity auction benefitting the Green Cross Japan. Various manga artists donated signed original artwork, and Shogakukan donated rare goods related to the series and people appearing in the magazine.

On May 30, 2008, Shogakukan announced that they would cease publication of the magazine. The final issue was released on July 31, 2008.

Ongoing titles in the final issue

Aoi Honō, by Kazuhiko Shimamoto (not in every issue, began issue 14 in 2007)
Ankoro by Daichi Banjou
Beach Stars by Masahiro Morio
Birdy the Mighty, by Masami Yuki (began issue 4/5 in 2003)
Chō Mukiryoku Sentai Japa-Five by Masaki Satō
Cut: Katsuhito, by Tomomi Muronaga (began issue 16 in 2007)
Drive Alive by Kunihiko Nakai
Dr. Kotō Shinryōjo, by Takatoshi Yamada (began issue 29 in 2000)
Go-On! by Manabu Akisige
Hana no Miyako by Takashi Kondō
Idol Ace, by Mitsuru Adachi (not in every issue, began issue 36/37 in 2005)
Ikigami: The Ultimate Limit, by Motorō Mase (began issue 9 in 2005)
Kurosagi, by Kuromaru (created by Takeshi Tatsuhara, began issue 50 in 2003)
Lost Man by Michiteru Kusaba
Ma Q Ken by Masahiko Kikuni
Miharu Rising by Miku Simai
Mogura no Uta by Noburu Takahashi
Odds, by Osamu Ishiwata (began issue 14 in 2006)
Oyasumi Punpun, by Inio Asano (began issue 15 in 2007)
Rainbow: Nisha Rokubō no Shichinin by George Abe and Masasumi Kakizaki (began in 2001)
Sakuranbo Syndrome: Kupido no Itazura Nijidama II, by Taku Kitazaki (began issue 34 in 2006)
Shin Seishun-kun, by Yasutaka Togashi (began issue 1 in 2007)
Thanatos: Mushikera no Ken, by Shinji Takehara (writer) and Yūsuke Ochiai (artist) (began issue 1 in 2007)
Tōbō Bengoshi Narita Makoto by Yū Takada and Shiro Takahide
Tomehane! Suzuri Kōkō Shodōbu by Katsutoshi Kawai (began in 2007)
Toritsu Mizusho! by Hikaru Murozumi and Shinobu Inokuma
Yami no Aegis by Kyoichi Nanatsuki and Yoshihide Fujiwara
Zetsubō ni Kiku Kusuri, by Reiji Yamada (began issue 38 in 2003)

YS Special
Of the series that were running in the magazine at the time of its cancellation, Birdy the Mighty, Ikigami The Ultimate Limit, Kurosagi, Lost Man, Mogura no Uta, Oyasumi Punpun, Rainbow Nisha Rokubō no Shichinin, and Tomehane! Suzuri Kōkō Shodōbu all moved to Big Comic Spirits. Big Comic Spirits itself began releasing a special supplementary issue entitled YS Special. The magazine's first issue debuted September 28, 2008 and allowed for the twelve remaining series running in Young Sunday at the time of its cancellation to conclude their storylines.

Of those twelve series, Chō Mukiryoku Sentai Japa-Five, Hana no Miyako, and Miharu Rising all ended in the third issue. Thanatos: Mushikera no Ken and Beach Stars ended in the fourth issue. The final seven; Sakuranbo Syndrome: Kupido no Itazura Nijidama II, The School of Water Business, Odds, Drive Alive, Go-On!, Ankoro, and Yami no Aegis all concluded in the final issue published in January 2009.

Concluded titles
These titles have concluded their runs in Weekly Young Sunday.
Angel, by U-Jin
Bakune Young, by Toyokazu Matsunaga
BUGS: Summer of Predators, by Kyoichi Nanatsuki & Yoshihide Fujiwara (2006–2007)
Captain Donkabe, by Hiroto Oishi
Cupid no Itazura Nijidama, by Taku Kitazaki
Fighting Beauty Wulong, by Yūgo Ishikawa
Heartbroken Angels by Masahiko Kikuni
Hikari no Sora, by Eiji Kazama
Hoshi no Furumachi, by Hidenori Hara
Ichi the Killer, by Hideo Yamamoto (May 1998 through 2001)
Irasshāse, by Yūsuke Yoshida  (began issue 21/22 in 2004)
Jimuin A-ko, by Hiroyuki Nishimori (began issue 14 in 2006)
Kakeru, by Kenjirō Takeshita (1997-?)
Karen Jogakiun Kōkō Danshi Kendōbu, by Kenji Morita  (began issue 13 in 2007)
Lycanthrope Leo, by Kengo Kaji and Kenji Okamura
Odawara Dragon Quest!, by Dragon Odawara  (began issue 7/8 in 2003)
O~i! Ryoma, by Yū Koyama and Tetsuya Takeda (1986–1996)
Okama Report, by Hideo Yamamoto
One-Pound Gospel, by Rumiko Takahashi (not in every issue, March 1987 - January 2007)
Over Rev!, by Katsumi Yamaguchi (1997-2004)
Portus, by Jun Abe
Sakura Diaries by U-Jin (1995–2000)
Seishun-kun, by Yasutaka Togashi  (1989-?)
Sex, by Atsushi Kamijo (1988–1992)
Shimokita Glory Days, by Jiro Otani
Short Cuts, by Usamaru Furuya (1996-1999)
Short Program (various short stories), by Mitsuru Adachi (1987–1995)
Solanin by Inio Asano (2005-2006)
Tell Me A Lie, by Gosho Aoyama (2007)
TVO by Ochazukenori (1989–1990)
Voyeur by Hideo Yamamoto (1992)
Voyeurs, Inc. by Hideo Yamamoto (1993-1996)

References

External links
 Weekly Young Sunday (official site)
 Young Sunday Visual Web (official site, covers all the idol stars profiled in the magazine)

1987 establishments in Japan
2008 disestablishments in Japan
Defunct magazines published in Japan
Weekly manga magazines published in Japan
Magazines established in 1987
Magazines disestablished in 2008
Seinen manga magazines
Shogakukan magazines

Weekly Young Sunday


Unter dem Namen Royal Society GlaxoSmithKline Prize and Lecture vergab die Royal Society eine Auszeichnung für herausragende Arbeiten der vorangegangenen zehn Jahre auf dem Gebiet der Medizin oder Zahnmedizin. Der Empfänger unterlag bezüglich seiner Nationalität keinen Einschränkungen. Der Preisträger war aufgerufen, vor der Royal Society eine Vorlesung zu halten.

Der Preis wurde ursprünglich von der Wellcome Foundation gestiftet, einem Pharmaunternehmen, das 1996 mit Glaxo zu Glaxo Wellcome verschmolz, das 2000 wiederum in GlaxoSmithKline aufging. GlaxoSmithKline sponserte seit 2002 die Auszeichnung, die aus einer Goldmedaille und einem Preisgeld von 2500 Pfund Sterling bestand. 2016 wurde die Vergabe eingestellt.

Preisträger
 1980: César Milstein In recognition of his pioneering the production of monoclonal antibodies from hybrid cell lines and initiating their application worldwide in many fields of biology and medicine.
 1982: Hans Walter Kosterlitz In recognition of his studies of the action of opiates and the discovery of the enkephalins.
 1984: Raymond Andrew, James M. S. Hutchison, John Mallard, Peter Mansfield In recognition of their development of NMR imaging as a diagnostic tool in medicine.
 1986: Donald Metcalf, Leo Sachs In recognition of their discovery of factors which regulate growth and differentiation in normal and leukaemic blood-forming tissue.
 1988: Louis M. Kunkel In recognition of his achievement in identifying by novel techniques of reverse genetics the biochemical abnormality responsible for Ducheme/Becker muscular dystrophy as being the absence of a previously unknown protein, dystrophin.
 1990: Philippa Marrack, John W. Kappler In recognition of their seminal contributions to T-cell biology, which include the characterisation of the T-cell receptor; the demonstration that self-tolerance is caused by clonal elimination in the thymus; and the discovery that bacterial toxins act as 'superantigens'.
 1992: Paul Nurse In recognition of his seminal contributions to the understanding of the molecular basis of regulation of the eukaryotic cycle.
 1994: David J. P. Barker In recognition of his singularly novel and important contributions to our understanding of the causes of a number of the major diseases of later life (cardiovascular disease, obstructive airways disease and diabetes) by demonstrating that their origins may lie in fetal nutrition and in growth in utero and during infancy.
 1996: Charles Weissmann In recognition of his work on prion diseases which lead to the remarkable advances in understanding the molecular biology of spongiform encephalopathies.
 1998: Gillian Bates, Stephen W. Davies In recognition of their discovery of the cause of Huntington's Disease, a dominantly inherited, late onset, fatal neurodegenerative disease.
 2000: David H. MacLennan In recognition of his work on calcium regulatory proteins, particularly in the understanding of malignant hyperthermia (MH), central core disease (CCD), Brody disease and phospholamban, and applying his knowledge of the gene in MH to develop accurate diagnosis of disease in pigs. In addition to its valuable veterinary application, this work represents a particularly good example of the way in which basic science has been developed to the point at which it is widely applied.
 2003: Michael Neuberger In recognition of his work on resolving the molecular mechanism of somatic antibody diversification, a key feature of immune response, with consequences reaching far beyond immunology to DNA instability and cancer.
 2005: Nicholas White For his outstanding work on the treatment and prevention of serious diseases within the developing world.
 2007: Mark Pepys For his excellent work as a clinical scientist who has identified specific proteins as new therapeutic targets and developed novel drugs with potential use in amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease.
 2010: Stephen West In recognition of his pioneering work on the molecular mechanisms of genetic recombination and DNA repair and their relation to tumorigenesis.
 2012: Adrian Bird For his outstanding contributions in the field of epigenetics, especially DNA methylation and its role in development and disease.
 2014: Nicholas Lydon For the development of the drug imatinib, a targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has transformed the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and is a paradigm for cancer drug discovery.
 2016: Andrew Hattersley For his work on genetic and physiological studies of patients with common subtypes of monogenic diabetes revolutionising treatment for these patients.

Weblinks
 Royal Society GlaxoSmithKline Prize and Lecture bei der Royal Society

Medizinpreis
Auszeichnung der Royal Society
GlaxoSmithKline
Erstverleihung 1980
Ehemalige Auszeichnung

GlaxoSmithKline Prize


In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics a dual topology is a locally convex topology on a vector space that is induced by the continuous dual of the vector space, by means of the bilinear form (also called pairing) associated with the dual pair.

The different dual topologies for a given dual pair are characterized by the Mackey–Arens theorem. All locally convex topologies with their continuous dual are trivially a dual pair and the locally convex topology is a dual topology.

Several topological properties depend only on the dual pair and not on the chosen dual topology and thus it is often possible to substitute a complicated dual topology by a simpler one.

Definition
Given a dual pair , a dual topology on  is a locally convex topology  so that

Here  denotes the continuous dual of  and  means that there is a linear isomorphism

(If a locally convex topology  on  is not a dual topology, then either  is not surjective or it is ill-defined since the linear functional  is not continuous on  for some .)

Properties
 Theorem (by Mackey): Given a dual pair, the bounded sets under any dual topology are identical.
 Under any dual topology the same sets are barrelled.

Characterization of dual topologies
The Mackey–Arens theorem, named after George Mackey and Richard Arens, characterizes all possible dual topologies on a locally convex space.

The theorem shows that the coarsest dual topology is the weak topology, the topology of uniform convergence on all finite subsets of , and the finest topology is the Mackey topology, the topology of uniform convergence on all absolutely convex weakly compact subsets of .

Mackey–Arens theorem
Given a dual pair  with  a locally convex space and  its continuous dual, then  is a dual topology on  if and only if it is a topology of uniform convergence on a family of absolutely convex and weakly compact subsets of

See also

 Polar topology

References

Topology of function spaces
Linear functionals

Dual topology


"Dull" redirects here. For information on the word dull, please see dull.
Dull is a village located in the county of Perth & Kinross in Scotland.  It is in the Highland part of the county. There is only one street of houses in Dull, on the north side of the valley of the River Tay.  The place-name means 'meadow' in Gaelic.  The parish church, unused since the 1970s, is on the site of an early Christian monastery founded by St. Adomnán, Abbot of Iona.

Villages in Scotland
Perth and Kinross

Dull, Perth and Kinross


The British Rail Class 02 were a class of twenty 0-4-0 diesel-hydraulic shunting locomotives. They were built by the Yorkshire Engine Company in 1960 (first ten, D2850-D2859) and 1961 (D2860-D2869). They were built for use in places of restricted loading gauge and curves such as docks.  They had the door to the cab at the rear, with a railed veranda behind the cab. This feature was very unusual on British Rail locomotives. It was used on many Yorkshire Engine Co. designs and was/is quite normal in North American practice.

02
YEC locomotives

British Rail Class 02


For the country in South America, see Colombia.

Columbia is the original name for the United States and inspired the names of many things.  For the original Columbia, see Historical Columbia.

Places in North America
 Columbia River
 Upper Columbia United Tribes, certain Native American peoples near the Columbia River
 British Columbia
 District of Columbia
 Mount Columbia (Colorado)
 Mount Columbia (Alberta)
 Columbia Glacier (Alaska)
 Columbia Glacier (Washington)
 Columbia Peak in the state of Washington
 Columbia Icefield in Alberta and British Columbia

U.S. cities or towns:
Columbia, South Carolina, the state capital
Columbia, Alabama
Columbia, Connecticut
Columbia, California
Columbia, Illinois
Columbia, Louisiana
Columbia, Maryland
Columbia, Mississippi
Columbia, Missouri, home of the University of Missouri
Columbia, New Hampshire
Columbia, New Jersey
Columbia, New York
Columbia, North Carolina
Columbia, Pennsylvania
Columbia, Tennessee
Columbia, Virginia
Columbia, Texas

Other places in the U.S.
Columbia Beach, Washington
Columbia Center, New York
Columbia Center, Ohio
Columbia City, Indiana
Columbia City, Oregon
Columbia County, Arkansas
Columbia County, Florida
Columbia County, Georgia
Columbia County, New York
Columbia County, Oregon
Columbia County, Pennsylvania
Columbia County, Washington
Columbia Cross Roads, Pennsylvania
Columbia Heights, Minnesota
Columbia Heights, Oregon
Columbia Heights, Washington, DC
Columbia Station, Ohio
Columbia Township, Jackson County, Michigan
Columbia Township, Tuscola County, Michigan
Columbia Township, Van Buren County, Michigan
Columbia Valley Gardens, Washington

Well-known companies

 Columbia Aircraft
 Columbia Automobile Company
 Columbia Bicycles
 CBS, Columbia Broadcasting System
 Columbia Graphophone Company
 Columbia Management Group
 Columbia Masterworks Records
 Columbia Music Entertainment
 Columbia Pictures
 Columbia Records
 Columbia Sussex
 Columbia Sportswear
 Columbia University Press, publisher of the Columbia Encyclopedia

Education
 Columbia University
 any of several Columbia Colleges
 Columbia Theological Seminary
 Columbia School of Broadcasting
 Columbia Union College
 University of the District of Columbia

Technology
 Columbia Nuclear Generating Station in Washington
 Columbia (supercomputer), a NASA supercomputer

Vehicles
 Space shuttle Columbia, which fell apart during reentry in 2003
 the Apollo 11 Command/Service Module
 USS Columbia, several ships of the US Navy
 Airplane piloted by Clarence Duncan Chamberlin when he was the second person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean
 HMS Columbia, the name of many ships of the Royal Navy
 Columbia, the type 2-4-2 railroad locomotive in the Whyte notation
 Columbia automobile, Hartford, Connecticut, United States (1893-1917)
 Lightship Columbia, WLV-604, the first lightship on the Pacific Coast of the United States

Railroad passenger trains
 Columbian (B&O), a former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad train between Jersey City, New Jersey and Chicago, Illinois
 Columbian (passenger train), a former Milwaukee Road train between Chicago and Tacoma

Fictional uses
 Columbia, a spaceship in Wally Wood's comic story Dark Side of the Moon, published in 1950
 Columbia (NX-02), a fictional starship on the television series Star Trek: Enterprise
 Columbia, a character in The Rocky Horror Picture Show
 "Columbia", a song by Paul van Dyk on Out There And Back
 Columbia Airlines, fictional airline from Airport 1975
 a Battlestar from both the original and the re-imagined versions of the Battlestar Galactica T.V show

Songs
"Columbia, Gem of the Ocean", a historical patriotic song still occasionally sung in the U.S.
Columbia (song), a song on the 1994 Oasis album Definitely Maybe
"Hail, Columbia", currently the official anthem of the Vice President and an early anthem of the United States
"Roll on Columbia", a 1941 popular song by Woody Guthrie about the Columbia River

Other
 Columbia Station, a station on the Vancouver SkyTrain
 Columbia (supercontinent)

Related pages
 Columbiad, a type of cannon from the 19th century
 Columba (constellation)
 Niobium, an element formerly named Columbium
 Saint Columba
 Saint Columbanus
 The Columbian Orator

Columbia


A stator is the part of a rotary system that does not move. It is the fixed, stationary part of an electric machine (motor or generator). The stator might act as the field magnet (working with the armature to create the spinning movement) or as the armature (receives influence from the moving field coils of the rotor).

Related pages
 Rotor (electric)

Electricity
Motors

Stator


Brown asbestos, also called grunerite or amosite, is one of the six types of asbestos. It has the chemical formula Fe7Si8O22(OH)2. It is less common than white asbestos but can be found in some construction materials. Like other types of asbestos, being exposed to it can cause mesothelioma and asbestosis.

Asbestos

Brown asbestos


A screen is a blocking move by an offensive player in which they stand beside or behind a defender in order to free a teammate to either shoot a pass or drive in to score. In basketball and field lacrosse, it is also known as a pick. Screens can be on-ball (when set for the ball-handler), or off-ball (when set for a teammate moving without the ball to get open for a pass). The two offensive players involved in setting the screen are known as the screener (who blocks the defender) and the cutter (who gets free from the defender).

Successfully "setting a screen" in team sports such as basketball and water polo requires attention to position and timing. An offensive player will first establish position so that his teammate can move toward him. The teammate changes pace and direction, and cuts (moves or dribbles quickly) very close to the screening player. The defender who is covering the cutter will have to push into the screening player, or divert around, losing a few steps. In basketball and lacrosse, the offensive player setting the pick must remain stationary at the moment of contact with the defender, and allow the defensive player a "reasonable opportunity" to avoid the screen; a screen is illegal if the screener moves in order to make contact, and obtains an advantage; the result is an offensive foul in basketball and a technical foul in lacrosse. There must be illegal contact for a moving screen to be a foul; no illegal contact, no foul, no matter how much moving the screener does. If the screener holds, leans or moves into the defender to cause contact, this will result in a foul on the screener.

After setting the screen, the screener is often open to roll to the basket and receive a pass. This tactic is called pick and roll in basketball. Another basketball tactic, called the pick and pop, is for the ballhandler to drive to the basket while the screener squares for a jumpshot.

Defensive moves to defeat a screen include sliding by the pick if the screening player leaves space, fighting over the screen (pushing the screener away, where allowed—this is not allowed in basketball), if the defender is strong enough, or switching defensive assignments with another defender, who can pick up the cutter on the other side of the screen.

In the team sport Ultimate setting a screen is not allowed. The screened player can call "pick", whereupon the play stops with all other players holding their current positions. The screened player returns to defend the offensive player he or she was defending and then play continues.

See also
 Screen pass
 Pick and roll
 Basketball techniques
 Glossary of basketball terms
 Glossary of water polo

References

External links
 NBA Video Rulebook: Illegal Screen: Pick & Roll

Basketball penalties
Basketball terminology
Sports penalties

Screen (sports)


Ink is a liquid that is used to write, draw, print, or make marks. The word ink is from Latin and means "colored water". Ink is used in pens, in some computer printers, and in printing presses. In some countries, people write by using ink and brushes. People usually write or print using black ink, but ink can be any color. The first ink was used in Egypt about 2600 BC.

The first inks were carbon inks, made from soot, which is 80% carbon, water and gum arabic. Red ink would need iron oxide (such as haematite) from ground rocks instead of soot. Later, in Europe, people used iron gall ink. This is the kind of ink Johann Sebastian Bach and Leonardo da Vinci used. Now ink colours are produced by man-made dyes.

A disadvantage of many kinds of ink is that they may smudge when wet, spoiling the picture or writing. If water-based ink is used, the writing situation needs to be stable, with the writer seated at a table. Ink in a ballpoint pen (biro) is a kind of gel. It is held in a thin long cylinder (tube) inside the pen. The ink does not fall out of the cylinder as it sticks to the sides of the tube. Therefore, ballpoint pens can be used in a wider range of circumstances compared to water-based inks.

== References ==
 .

Basic English 850 words
Writing tools
Art materials

Ink


Diffraction is a physics concept which occurs when waves bend around small obstacles, or spread out after they pass through small openings. Diffraction occurs with all waves, including sound waves, water waves, and electromagnetic waves such as light that the eye can see. Diffraction also occurs with as electrons.

Causes of diffraction

Diffraction is caused by one wave of light being shifted by a diffracting object. This shift will cause the wave to have interference with itself.  Interference can be either constructive or destructive.  When interference is constructive, the intensity of the wave will increase.  When interference is destructive, the intensity will decrease, sometimes to a point where it is completely destroyed.  These patterns of interference rely on the size of the diffracting object and the size of the wave.  The strongest examples of diffraction occur in waves where the wavelength is similar to the size of the object causing diffraction.

Uses of diffraction
Diffraction can be used to separate different wavelengths of light using a diffraction grating.  A diffraction grating can be a series of closely-spaced slits or a mirror with a series of small grooves.  Diffraction gratings work because different wavelengths of light will constructively interfere at different angles.  Diffraction gratings are used in many analytical chemistry tools, such as a spectrometer.

Diffraction can also be used to look at molecules using X-ray crystallography.  In X-ray crystallography, X-rays are aimed on a crystal. The crystal diffracts the X-ray and makes a diffraction pattern.  This pattern is unique to the type of crystal and can be used to identify the molecule that makes the crystal. Diffraction also occurs in a bending movement where the wave becomes more spread out

References
Skoog, D.A.; Holler, F.J.; Crouch, S.R.  Principles of Instrumental Analysis. (Brooks/Cole, California).
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Young_Diffraction.png
Wave physics

Diffraction


A semi-automatic rifle is a type of rifle that fires a single bullet each time the trigger is pulled, without the need manually to operate a bolt, lever, pump or other firing or loading mechanism. Such a rifle can fire single rounds like this until the firearm's bullets in the cartridges is gone. On the other hand, a fully automatic weapon (a machine gun, for example) keeps firing until the trigger is released, and can fire hundreds of shots for every trigger press.

Rifles

Semi-automatic rifle


Christopher Curry (born 28 January 1946 in Cambridge) is the co-founder of Acorn Computers, with Hermann Hauser and Andy Hopper. He became a millionaire as a result of Acorn's success.

In his early career days, he worked at Pye, Royal Radar Establishment and W.R. Grace Laboratories. Then, in April 1966 he joined Sinclair Radionics where he worked for 13 years. He was involved with their hifi products and their Sinclair C5 electric vehicle. In 1972, he helped Sinclair Radionics to launch its first electronic calculator, the Sinclair Executive. He set up Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd. (CPU) in December 1978. Their first product was the Acorn Microcomputer (later called the System 1).

In 1983, he co-founded Redwood Publishing with Michael Potter and Christopher Ward and they bought the Acorn User title. In 1985, he founded General Information Systems Ltd (GIS) and remains the director. In 2012, he announced his latest project for GIS, Care with Canary.

Early life

Curry went to school initially in St Neots in Cambridgeshire, then later went to the independent Kimbolton School, also in Cambridgeshire. He gained two A levels, in Maths and Physics. He thought about going to university at the University of Southampton, but was keener to be earning some money whilst learning.

Early career

He joined Pye in Cambridge in 1964. He stayed for a few months, then left for the Royal Radar Establishment in Worcestershire. He worked on the radar for the proposed BAC TSR-2. The RRE had been the site of many technological advances such as the integrated circuit in 1952. He stayed for nine months. He moved to the W.R. Grace Laboratories, run by ITT, and stayed for six months.

Sinclair Radionics

In April 1966, Curry joined Sinclair Radionics, a company founded by Clive Sinclair in 1961. Curry was to play an important role in getting Sinclair interested in both calculators and computers in his thirteen years with the company.

Curry was at first involved with Sinclair's hifi products, which included amplifiers and speakers, and he also worked on Sinclair's electric vehicle, a project that would turn into the C5 some years later.

In 1972, Sinclair Radionics launched its first electronic calculator, the Executive, which was considerably smaller than its competitors since it used hearing-aid-sized batteries. Curry and Jim Westwood had discovered that it was possible to exploit persistence in the diode displays and memory and introduced a timer that removed the power from these components for most of the time. This discovery dramatically improved the lasting-power of the batteries.

Until 1976 Sinclair Radionics had enjoyed 15 years of strong turnover and profit growth. However, the company sustained losses related to difficulties with chip supplies for the Black Watch. As a result, there were insufficient internal funds available for the final stages of the pocket TV project Sinclair had been working on for some 10 years. In August 1976 the National Enterprise Board (NEB) provided £650,000 in return for 43 per cent stake in Sinclair Radionics. Sinclair did not like sharing control of his company. Thus, he converted a company he had purchased in 1973, Ablesdeal Ltd, into Westminster Mail Order Ltd, which was itself renamed to Sinclair Instrument Ltd. In this way, he maintained control of his most important projects.

Science of Cambridge

Shortly after the NEB took control Sinclair encouraged Curry to leave Sinclair Radionics to get Sinclair Instruments off the ground. Curry borrowed some money and rented offices at 6 King's Parade, Cambridge. To raise cash, Sinclair Instruments released the Wrist Calculator, designed by John Pemberton, in February 1977. The product was successful, selling 15,000 units.

In July 1977, the company was renamed to Science of Cambridge Ltd. Around the same time Ian Williamson showed Curry a prototype computer based around a National Semiconductor SC/MP and some parts scavenged from a Sinclair Cambridge calculator. Curry was impressed and encouraged Sinclair to adopt this as a product; an agreement was reached with Williamson but no contract was ever signed: Nat Semi had offered to redesign the project so that it used only their components and they also offered to manufacture the boards.

Curry took Nat Semi up on its offer and in June 1978 Science of Cambridge launched a microcomputer kit (marketed as the MK14) based around the National SC/MP chip. Curry wanted to further develop the MK14 but Sinclair was working on the NewBrain. Sinclair's reluctance to develop the MK14 led Curry to consider his options. Throughout the MK14 project he had been discussing it with his friend, physics researcher Hermann Hauser, who had also helped by seeking out advice from the many computer experts on hand in Cambridge University.

Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd

Curry and Hauser had become increasingly interested in the idea of selling their own computers and so, on 5 December 1978, they set up Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd (CPU). Their first customer was Ace Coin Equipment Ltd, who needed controllers for their fruit machines.

Acorn Computer

The Acorn Microcomputer (later to be called the System 1) was launched as the first product of a new company, Acorn Computers Ltd, founded in March 1979. Curry said that they "chose the word Acorn because it was going to be an expanding and growth-oriented system".

After becoming a millionaire as a result of Acorn's success with the BBC Micro project, in 1983 Curry co-founded Redwood Publishing with Michael Potter (former publisher of advertising trade weekly Campaign) and Christopher Ward (former editor of Daily Express newspaper). The company bought the Acorn User title.

GIS

At the time of the Olivetti takeover of Acorn in 1985 Curry founded General Information Systems Ltd (GIS), based on Acorn's Communications Group, and he remains a director.

GIS specialises in Smart Card technologies for access control and electronic money. In 2012 he announced his latest project with GIS, Care with Canary, a wireless sensor system that allows family members to remotely monitor relatives living alone and triggers alerts.

See also
 Micro Men

References

Bibliography

 Lloyd, Tom (1984). Dinosaur & Co.: Studies in Corporate Evolution. London: Routledge and Keegan Paul.
 Penny, R. K. (1986). Developing a Philosophy for Engineering. Cape Town: University of Cape Town.
 Perry, James (1985). "Britain's Sir Clive Sinclair Keeps Bouncing Back With New Inventions." The Wall Street Journal. 6 June.
 Pesola, Maija (2005). "The Fertile Soil of Silicon Fen." Financial Times. 9 February.

1946 births
Living people
Acorn Computers
British technology company founders
English businesspeople
Businesspeople in computing
People from Cambridge
People educated at Kimbolton School

Christopher Curry (businessman)


Zabriskie Point is a part of the Amargosa Range located east of Death Valley in Death Valley National Park in California, United States, noted for its erosional landscape. It is composed of sediments from Furnace Creek Lake, which dried up 5 million years ago—long before Death Valley came into existence.

Name

The location was named after Christian Brevoort Zabriskie, vice-president and general manager of the Pacific Coast Borax Company in the early 20th century.  The company's twenty-mule teams were used to transport borax from its mining operations in Death Valley.

History
Millions of years prior to the actual sinking and widening of Death Valley and the existence of Lake Manly (see Geology of the Death Valley area), another lake covered a large portion of Death Valley including the area around Zabriskie Point. This ancient lake began forming approximately nine million years ago. During several million years of the lake's existence, sediments were collecting at the bottom in the form of saline muds, gravels from nearby mountains, and ashfalls from the then-active Black Mountain volcanic field. These sediments combined to form what we today call the Furnace Creek Formation. The climate along Furnace Creek Lake was dry, but not nearly as dry as in the present. Camels, mastodons, horses, carnivores, and birds left tracks in the lakeshore muds, along with fossilized grass and reeds. Borates, which made up a large portion of Death Valley's historical past were concentrated in the lakebeds from hot spring waters and alteration of rhyolite in the nearby volcanic field. Weathering and alteration by thermal waters are also responsible for the variety of colors represented there.

Regional mountains building to the west influenced the climate to become more and more arid, causing the lake to dry up, and creating a dry lake. Subsequent widening and sinking of Death Valley and the additional uplift of today's Black Mountains tilted the area. This provided the necessary relief to accomplish the erosion that produced the badlands we see today.  The dark-colored material capping the badland ridges (to the left in the panoramic photograph) is lava from eruptions that occurred three to five million years ago. This hard lava cap has retarded erosion in many places and possibly explains why Manly Beacon, the high outcrop  to the right, is much higher than other portion of the badlands. (Manly Beacon was named in honor of William L. Manly, who along with John Rogers, guided members of the ill-fated party of Forty-niners out of Death Valley during the California Gold Rush of 1849.)

The primary source of borate minerals gathered from Death Valley's playas is Furnace Creek Formation. The Formation is made up of over 5000 feet (1500 m) of mudstone, siltstone, and conglomerate. The borates were concentrated in these lakebeds from hot spring waters and altered rhyolite from nearby volcanic fields.

In popular culture
Zabriskie Point is also the title of a 1970 movie by Italian director Michelangelo Antonioni; its soundtrack features music by British bands Pink Floyd and the Rolling Stones, americans Jerry Garcia and Grateful Dead, among others.

The philosopher Michel Foucault called his 1975 acid trip at Zabriskie Point the greatest experience of his life.

This location is featured prominently on the cover of U2's album The Joshua Tree.

This location was used to represent the surface of Mars in the 1964 film Robinson Crusoe on Mars.

Zabriskie Point is the name of Radio Massacre International's album released in 2000.

Zabriskie Point is a Soviet code for a location on the surface of the Moon in Omon Ra, a dystopian thriller novel by Victor Pelevin.

Zabriskie Point is a significant location in the novels Fall of Night, Dust and Decay, and Fire and Ash by Jonathan Maberry,  in each case, as the location of a top secret chemical and biological research station.

Zabriskie Point was used as a film location for the 1960 Universal film Spartacus, showing Gladiator school boss Peter Ustinov on muleback trekking to an Egyptian mine to buy slaves to put in training.

Shots taken from Zabriskie Point of Red Cathedral and Manly Beacon were used as the basis for shots that were then digitally altered to form the planet of Arvala-7 in the first season of The Mandalorian.

References

Death Valley
Death Valley National Park
Landforms of Inyo County, California
Rock formations of California
Scenic viewpoints in the United States

Zabriskie Point


Danaë is a person in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of King Akrisios of Argos. She is the mother of Perseus by Zeus.

Akrisios was told by an oracle that he would be killed by his grandchild. Because of that he put his daughter Danaë in a tower where noone was allowed to enter, so she could not have a child. But the god Zeus could enter in the form of a golden rain, and with him her child was Perseus.

Akrisios then put Danaë and her baby Perseus in a box and threw it into the sea. But Zeus tells the sea-god Poseidon to help them, and so Danaë and her son come to the island Seriphos. There they are found by Diktys, who lets them live with him.

A long time after that, the grown up Perseus takes part in some funeral games. During the games Perseus throws a discus, which accidentally hits Akrisios. Akrisios is killed by it: he was killed by his grandchild, like the oracle's prophecy said.

People in Greek mythology

Danaë


Sponge cake is a cake made of flour (usually wheat flour), sugar, and eggs.

Victoria sponge
The Victoria sponge cake was named after Queen Victoria, who ate a slice of sponge cake with her afternoon tea. It is usually called simply sponge cake. A traditional Victoria sponge cake has raspberry jam and whipped double cream or vanilla cream. If there is only jam, it is called 'jam sponge' and not a Victoria sponge. The jam and cream are between two sponge cakes; the top of the cake is not iced or decorated.

Other names for the Victoria sponge are Victoria Sandwich and Victorian Cake, although 'Victorian Cake' is not used often.

Bakers must be careful when it comes to cooking times and temperatures. Because of that, oven factories often use a Victoria sponge recipe to test their ovens.

Related pages
 Castella

References

Cakes

Sponge cake


In biology, a tremor is when antagonist muscles move repeatedly without being controlled. There are different forms of tremors. Very often, a tremor is a symptom for another condition, and not its cause. People with a tremor are not necessarily sick. For example, physiological tremors are measurable, but not visible; they occur in all humans.

Medical signs
Muscular system

Tremor


NHK, the Japan Broadcasting Corporation, is Japan's public broadcaster, like PBS in the United States. Its name is written as  or Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai in Japanese.

History

NHK was founded in 1926, based on the BBC radio company in the United Kingdom. They began operating TV broadcasting in 1953. The first color broadcast was in 1960.

Everyone in Japan who owns a TV is asked to pay anywhere 15,720 or 27,360 (included satellite broadcasting) 円 per year to support NHK; there is a discount for lump sum payment.

TV Programming

NHK has lots of types of TV shows:
Local, national, and world news.
Emergency Reporting,  such as warning about earthquakes and tsunamis.
Education shows for kids.
Weather reporting for local and international locations.
Sports, including the six national Sumo tournaments and other events.
Drama shows.
Documentaries.
Kid's shows.

NHK has 500 staff members in the announcer division alone; but announcers that convey nationally important events and news are operated quite fixedly like Korean Central Television.

Other websites
NHK English Site

Japanese television networks
1926 establishments in Asia
1920s establishments in Japan

NHK


Darren Alexander Foreman (born 14 May 1982), better known as Beardyman, is a British multivocalist, musician and comedian from London known for his beatboxing skills and use of live looping.

Early life
After studying at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys, Barnet, Foreman moved to Brighton in 2001 to study at the University of Sussex. Although he started making noises at the age of three by imitating Michael Winslow from the Police Academy movie series, it was seeing Rahzel perform live that convinced Foreman that beatboxing could sustain a whole show rather than simply provide interludes within the context of a broader presentation. Beardyman's first musical venture was composing a symphony for his school orchestra at the age of ten. At fifteen, an introduction to drum and bass led to his long-standing obsession with music technology. Darren was given the nickname "Beardyman" because a name was quickly needed for a flyer for an early show, and he had a beard at the time.

He is the brother of comedian and YouTuber Jay Foreman, with whom he sometimes collaborates onstage.

Career

Musical style
In 2006 Beardyman battled to become UK Beatbox Champion and retained his title in 2007 making him the first beatboxer in UK history to win two championships in a row. He was on the 2008 judging panel.

Already an accomplished solo beatboxer in the modern tradition, Beardyman was further inspired by MC Xander to use music technology such as the Korg Kaoss Pad 3 to loop and sample his vocals. Through his use of loop pedals and effects tools, he effectively produces whole DJ sets via live production—entire sets where the songs (both covers of well-known hits and his own original material) are constructed, live, from his vocalizations.

His music frequently contains elements of drum and bass, dubstep, breakbeat, trance, techno and other associated forms of electronic dance music. He also incorporates other forms of music into his live sets, including but not limited to reggae and country music, often purely for the purpose of providing a comedic counterpoint to his beatboxing. Virtually all of his music is created using only his mouth and vocal cords to produce sounds, and incorporating music technology such as vocoders and software synthesis to alter the pitch of his voice, or to add various kinds of audio effects such as delays, reverbs or modulation effects. In various YouTube videos various pieces of electronic equipment can be spotted, notably the Korg Kaossilator Pro, the Kaoss Pad 3 (also known as the KP3), a Korg Wavedrum, a microKORG, a Boss GT-8 and a Boss RC-50.

In a departure from his prior live work, Beardyman released his debut album I Done a Album on 21 March 2011.

As of 2012 he has foregone the usage of Kaoss Pads in favour of proprietary software he has been developing, currently known as the Beardytron 5000 MkII. "Over the past 3 years I have worked tirelessly on the system, overseeing its development and testing, improving and configuring it. I had no choice really, as the shows I want to do are simply not possible using any existing off the shelf gear, existing software or even cobbled together patches using freeware. The system is essentially my life's work and will continue to be what I use for all my future endeavours. The Beardytron 5000 mkII is a work in progress and at some point you'll be able to buy some form of looper/production-system based on the innovations developed to make my shows possible."

Beardyman further states: "The system is built from the ground up in C++ and Objective-C by Dave Gamble of DMGAudio and employs 15 instances and counting of a partly bespoke version of Sugarbytes' incredible linear-8-way-morph-engine controlled multi-effect 'Turnado'. Guitar rig is also used along with Rob Papen's delay. The system is controlled using two iPads running bespoke programs using a specially developed high definition, self-reconnecting protocol."

On 29 November 2012 Beardyman posted a live gig performed in October 2012 in Pune, India, which was the first live gig audio revealed online to solely use the Beardytron 5000 MkII. He has stated that the software for the Beardytron 5000 MkII will be available to purchase by the public sometime in 2014.
On 28 February 2013, Beardyman gave a talk at a TED conference, an 11-minute overview and demonstration of the Beardytron 5000 MkII. Before demonstrating the capabilities of the Beardytron 5000, he provides an example of some of the sounds he is capable of making with only his vocal cords, such as crying babies, vinyl record scratching, buzzing flies, overtone singing, various animals, a didgeridoo and beatboxing. He then explains that despite his ability to create sounds, the human voice is still intrinsically limited by its physical and biological characteristics. He describes his invention as a real-time music production machine. He states: "It enables me to, using nothing but my voice, create music in real time as I hear it in my head, unimpeded by any physical restrictions my body might place on me." The video was uploaded to the TED.com website, the TEDTalks YouTube channel and Beardyman's website on 2 August 2013.

Collaborators

His interest in exploring new musical technology is also evident in the innovative Battlejam club nights he hosts with 2007 DMC champion turntablist JFB. Here the live looping technology is augmented with live sampling of the audience to make the hook of instantly composed tracks and even live video sampling and scratching.

He has gigged and recorded with MC Klumzy Tung as part of MC/beatbox duo The Gobfathers. Together, they presented Get Lucky TV's 'The Freestyle Show" in 2005, and also appeared as traffic wardens in a hidden camera show for E4.

In 2008 he collaborated with visual artist mr hopkinson, to produce a video called Monkey Jazz which visually describes the live looping process, which has had over 1 million views on YouTube. Since then they have worked together to produce various multi-camera videos of Beardyman's performances filmed at the Cube Microplex. Beardyman has also appeared on stage for improvised live shows with mr_hopkinson providing visual backdrops from images instantly searched from the internet in response to audience suggestions at Just for Laughs Montreal and Edinburgh Fringe international comedy festivals, sourcing and manipulating images live from the internet in response to audience suggestions.

Beardyman was commissioned in 2010 to produce a promotional video for Dolby Mobile, a surround sound chip for mobile devices. For this, he wrote and performed the YouTube video DOLBYMAN, exhibiting a multitude of genres to showcase the chip's abilities.

Viral videos
Beardyman often incorporates humour into his act. He has impersonated Elvis, dressed as a monkey on stage at Bestival, and once posed as an Austrian climate change lecturer, "Professor Bernhard Steinerhoff", before breaking into his set, with over 2 million views on YouTube. He also features in the Funky Sage ring tones in which he plays a floating head who beatboxes and gives good advice. His video "Kitchen Diaries" which features him combining beatboxing with cooking has been viewed more than 5 million times on YouTube. "Kitchen Diaries" also makes an appearance in South Coast, a Brighton-based documentary about hip hop in the UK.

Vocal abilities
Beardyman is known for his eclectic array of vocal techniques, which include beatboxing, singing, rapping, overtone singing, scat singing, instrument/sound mimicry and voice impressions.

Since 2020 Darren has voiced Love Monster on the show of the same name on CBeebies.

Media appearances
During November 2006 he took part in a series of children's choir charity concerts called Young Voices appearing in Manchester, Birmingham, London and Belfast.

On 10 February 2007 he made an appearance on the second episode of the BBC One show When Will I Be Famous. Despite winning over the studio audience and two of the three judges, he came second in a public vote. On the same day, he was on also on the Channel 4 show Homemade where he was profiled as the weirdest beatboxer around. Beardyman supported Groove Armada on their UK tour in 2007.

In July 2009, he appeared at the Udderbelly during its residency at South Bank in London. This was for an ensemble comedy show called "Beardyman's Complete and Utter Shambles" featuring JFB, MC Klumzy Tung, Beardyman's comedian brother Jay Foreman, visual artist mr_hopkinson, guitarist 'J'm Black, saxophonist Hellanor and comedian Reggie Watts. The show took the technology based entertainment experiments of Battlejam to a more theatrical comedy club setting. A reduced cast version of the show renamed "Beardyman's Unplanned Explosion" went on to appear at the Udderbelly at the Edinburgh Festival in late August 2009, and again at Bristol Old Vic in October 2009.

Beardyman appeared in the BBC Comedy Prom 2011 with Tim Minchin.

Beardyman cites the Lyrebird as a form of inspiration, and hosted a BBC Radio 4 documentary about the bird entitled, "Beardyman and the Mimics".

He regularly appears on the BBC Radio 4 Now Show and was a guest panelist on Series 18, Episode 5 of The Infinite Monkey Cage.

Discography

Studio albums
I Done a Album (2011)
Distractions (2014)

Live albums
Beardyman presents The Dream Team, Live at Electric Brixton (featuring Dizraeli, Bellatrix, LeeN, Rob Lewis and Emre Ramazanoglu) (2016)

Extended plays
Oh!/Smell the Vibe (2012)
Oh!/Smell the Vibe (Remixes) (2012)
Concentrations (2014)

Singles
As lead artist
"Where Does Your Mind Go?" (2011)
"Mountain Side" (2015)
"6AM (Ready to Write)" (2019)  (featuring Joe Rogan)
"Shelter me from the rain" (2022)  (featuring MC HyperScott)
As featured artist
"Eat, Sleep, Rave, Repeat" (2013) (Fatboy Slim and Riva Starr featuring Beardyman)
"Boom F**king Boom" (2017) (Fatboy Slim featuring Beardyman)

References

External links

 George Bull interviews Beardyman for Heso magazine in March 2008
 Beardyman video interview at Hydro Connect Festival August 2008
 Beardyman interview, June 2008

 TED Talk: The polyphonic me (TED2013)

Alumni of the University of Sussex
British beatboxers
English male singers
Jewish English musicians
Musicians from London
1982 births
Living people
People educated at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys
People from Stanmore
Articles containing video clips
21st-century English singers
21st-century British male singers

Beardyman


A workstation is a computer used for scientific or technical calculations, or purposes.  These computers are usually expensive, high-end computers. They are different from the ordinary computers used for text-processing. Very often they have operating systems that allow several users to work at the computer at the same time. Very often, workstations are connected to a computer network. Computer terminals may be used to access them. Currently, almost all workstations use a unix or unix-like operating system.

Workstation computers often use a 64-bit server-class CPU such as the Intel Xeon or AMD Opteron, and some have more than one CPU. They may also have more memory than a normal desktop computer, and they often have 10000 or 15000 RPM hard drives or solid-state drives. Some workstations have devices that are not commonly used on normal desktop computers, such as ECC (error-corrected) memory, SCSI, fibre channel, and 10 gigabit Ethernet.

Some technologies that were once only found on workstations have now become common in normal PCs, such as multi-core processors, solid-state drives, hardware-accelerated graphics, 24-bit color, broadband Internet access, virtual memory, pre-emptive multitasking, and OpenCL.

Common uses for workstations include computer-aided design (CAD), 3D graphics and animation, video and audio production, weather modeling, and other simulations and scientific work.

RISC vs x86
Traditionally, workstations used a RISC processor, such as MIPS, PowerPC, or SPARC architecture CPUs. Most modern workstations use x86_64 processors. In 2020, however, Apple began migrating its product line from x86-64 to Apple M1, an ARM RISC CPU.

Examples of RISC workstations
 Silicon Graphics IRIX machines (MIPS CPU)
 Sun Microsystems SparcStation (SPARC CPU)
 Apple Power Mac G5 and PowerBook G4 (PowerPC CPU)
 Apple MacBook Pro (2021 model, ARM CPU)
 IBM IntelliStation POWER and ThinkPad Power Series (PowerPC CPU)

Examples of modern x86_64 workstations
 HP Z series
 Apple Mac Pro and MacBook Pro (before 2021)
 Dell Precision

Computers

Workstation


Childhood obesity consists of excess body fat that adversely affects children's health and well being. Obesity for children is especially dangerous because many overweight children will become overweight adults. Health problems related to overweight kids include but are not limited to Type 2 diabetes in adolescence and young adulthood, heart disease, stroke and high blood pressure, diseases which until recently were not common in children and teenagers.

Obesity

Childhood obesity


A chapter is one of the main divisions of a piece of writing of some length, such as a book. Chapters can be numbered in the case of such writings as law code (see Chapter 7 or Chapter 11) or they can be titled. For example, the first chapters of some well-known novels are titled:
"The Boy Who Lived" – Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, J. K. Rowling
"Into the Primitive" – The Call of the Wild, Jack London

Many novels of great length do not have chapters. Non-fiction books, especially those used for reference, almost always have chapters for ease of navigation. In these works, chapters are often subdivided into sections. The chapters of reference works are almost always listed in a table of contents. Novels sometimes use a table of contents, but not always.

In ancient civilizations, books were often in the form of papyrus scrolls, which contained about the same amount of text as a typical chapter in a modern book. This is the reason chapters in recent reproductions and translations of works of these periods are often presented as "Book 1", "Book 2", etc.

Tracks on a DVD or laserdisc are also called chapters.

Book terminology

Chapter (books)


The Décapole (Dekapolis or ) was an alliance formed in 1354 by ten Imperial cities of the Holy Roman Empire in the Alsace region to maintain their rights. It was disbanded in 1679.

In 1354 Emperor Charles IV of Luxembourg ratified the treaty uniting the towns of Haguenau, Colmar, Wissembourg, Turckheim, Obernai, Kaysersberg, Rosheim, Munster, Sélestat and Mulhouse. Hagenau became its capital while the Imperial city of Strasbourg, though venue of the league's diets, remained outside the alliance. The town of Seltz joined the league when it received immediate status in 1357, but had to leave it after its mediatization to the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1414.

The affiliation at first discontinued after Charles' death in 1378, it was, however, re-established in the next year. The ten cities joined the Upper Rhenish Circle in 1500. In 1515, Mulhouse pulled out of the alliance in order to associate with the Old Swiss Confederacy. It was replaced in 1521 by the city of Landau in northern Alsace.

The alliance was strongly shaken by the Thirty Years' War which ravaged the region, allowing Louis XIV of France to conquer the cities according to the 1648 Peace of Westphalia. The signing of the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1679 finally brought an end to the Décapole, when Alsace was annexed by France. Mulhouse remained an independent city and exclave of the Swiss Confederation until in 1798 it was annexed to the French First Republic. Landau together with the Palatinate was given to Bavaria after the 1815 Congress of Vienna.

See also
Lombard League
Hanseatic League
Swabian League
Lusatian League
Pentapolitana
Prussian Confederation

References

History of the Holy Roman Empire by location
1350s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1354 establishments in Europe
1679 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire

Décapole


There are no significant Buddhist communities left in Pakistan.

A few Buddhists may still exist in Pakistani Kashmir  and a significant community exists in Jammu and Kashmir to the east of the Line of Control. Mostly Ladakhi and ethnically related to Tibetans (plus a few Indo-Aryan Dards), a rough dividing line between Islamic culture and Buddhist culture can be drawn through Mulbekh and Shergol in the Indus valley (to the east of Kargil) and well to the west of Leh, the Nun Kun massif and Rangdum Buddhist monastery at the head of the Suru river valley (a tributary of the Indus) on the Indian Kashmiri side of the line of control.

Historical significance

The region that is today known as Pakistan once had a large Buddhist population, with the majority of people in Gandhara (present day North Western Pakistan and Eastern Afghanistan) being Buddhist. Gandhara was largely Mahayana Buddhist, and was also a stronghold of Vajrayana Buddhism. The Swat Valley, known in antiquity as Uddiyana, was a kingdom tributary to Gandhara. There are many archaeological sites from the Buddhist era in Swat.

The Buddhist sage Padmasambhava is said to have been born in a village near the present day town of Chakdara in Lower Dir District, which was then a part of Uddiyana. Padmasambhava is known as Guru Rinpoche in Tibetan and it is he who introduced Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet.

Buddhism was also practiced in the Punjab and Sindh regions.

Most Buddhists in Punjab converted to Hinduism from 600 AD onwards. Buddhism was the faith practiced by the majority of the population of Sindh up to the Arab conquest by the Umayyad Caliphate in 710 AD. After the partition of Pakistan and India, the Buddhists fled to India, similar to other faiths like Hindus, Sikhs, and Christians in the Pakistan region.

Other websites
 Archaeological sites in Gandhara region

Related pages

References

Religion in Pakistan
Buddhism

Buddhism in Pakistan


Oslo, August 31st () is a 2011 Norwegian drama film directed by Joachim Trier. It is the second film, along with Reprise (2006) and The Worst Person in the World (2021), in Trier's Oslo trilogy. The film is a homage to, and loosely based on Pierre Drieu La Rochelle's novel Will O' the Wisp (1931) and Louis Malle's feature film The Fire Within (1963).

The film premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival. It won the Best Film and Best Cinematography awards at the Stockholm International Film Festival (SIFF). It received widespread critical acclaim, and was one of three films on the Norwegian shortlist for submissions to the 84th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film.

Plot
Anders is a recovering drug addict in an Oslo rehab clinic. On his first opportunity to take an overnight trip from the rehab centre, he meets an old girlfriend and then attempts suicide by filling his pockets and walking into a lake. Unable to go through with it, he returns to the rehab centre, where he does not mention his suicide attempt in group therapy.

On 30 August, he is given a day's leave to attend a job interview in the city centre. He goes to visit his friend Thomas and his wife Rebecca and their two children. While there, he admits that after meeting his old girlfriend Malin, he felt nothing and never loved another former girlfriend, Iselin, which Thomas tries to play off. Anders slowly reveals to him that he is having suicidal thoughts. At 34 years of age, he feels he is too old to start over and is unenthused about the interview as an editorial assistant that he is applying for. He sees Thomas as being happy, but Thomas talks about his own difficulties in life including being too tired to maintain passion with his wife, having limited time to focus on his career, and the lack of true friendships as he gets older. The two part on good terms and Thomas begs Anders not to do anything terrible but not before inviting him to a party held by their mutual friend Mirjam.

Anders goes to his job interview, but beforehand calls the girlfriend he was dating while he was on drugs, Iselin, and getting her voicemail, begs her to call him back.

At the job interview, when he is asked about the gaps in his resume, Anders admits to being a former drug addict, causing the interviewer to grow uncomfortable. Anders abruptly ends the interview, taking his application with him and throwing it out.

Following his interview, Anders has plans to meet with his sister, Nina, but is surprised and angry when Nina's girlfriend, Tove, shows up instead, eventually admitting that Nina does not want to see him and finds it difficult he is being let out of rehab. Tove is supposed to go with Anders to the family home, which is being sold to pay for his rehab, but Anders refuses to let her accompany him and takes the keys and leaves alone instead.

Anders goes to Mirjam's party hoping to meet Thomas. Instead, he runs into old friends unaware of his recent sobriety, and quickly breaks it by drinking at the party. The party is Mirjam's birthday and they eventually have a conversation about how difficult Mirjam finds ageing as all her female friends have children and her male friends are dating increasingly younger women. To comfort her, Anders gives her a lingering kiss, which makes things awkward between them. Anders retreats to a room alone and again calls Iselin, leaving a message on her voicemail wondering if she still loves him and hinting that he would like to get back together with her. He then rifles through the coats and purses of the party-goers, stealing money and abruptly leaving when he is caught by Mirjam.

Anders heads to his old drug dealer's place where he buys a gram of heroin. He then meets up at a bar with a friend of his and two pretty young women who are still in school. At the bar, Anders sees a man staring at him who he realizes is a man who Iselin cheated on him with. Before leaving, Anders tells him he forgives him, but the man is instead angry at him, telling him that the way he treated Iselin while they were dating was cruel.

Anders and the group party well into the morning, getting drunk, making out, and eventually going to a local pool which they realize is about to be shut down as it is the last day of August. The others go swimming while Anders refuses to join them.

Anders finally goes to his family home where everything is in disarray, about to be packed up. He finally calls Iselin one last time, telling her that he did not mean anything he had previously said. He retreats to his childhood bedroom where he shoots up.

Cast
 Anders Danielsen Lie as Anders
 Hans Olav Brenner as Thomas
 Ingrid Olava as Rebekka
 Tone Mostraum as Tove

Release
The film premiered in the Un Certain Regard competition at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival.

Reception
Oslo, August 31st has received widespread critical acclaim from both film critics and audiences. SIFF jury president Whit Stillman called the film "a perfectly painted portrait of a generation".

Review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes reports that 97% of critics have given the film a positive review, based on 72 reviews with an average rating of 8.3/10. The general consensus being: "An upfront study of a drug addict confronting his demons, Oslo, August 31st makes this dark journey worthwhile with fantastic directing and equally fantastic acting". Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from 23 mainstream critics, reports the film has a score of 84.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars and said the film is "quietly, profoundly, one of the most observant and sympathetic films I've seen". Ebert went on to name it the ninth best film of the year in his annual list.

Accolades
In addition to its wins at the Stockholm International Film Festival, Oslo, August 31st won the Amanda Award for Best Director and Best Editing at the 2012 Norwegian International Film Festival, the Transilvania International Film Festival's top "Transilvania Trophy" and Best Screenplay awards in Romania, as well as the Special Jury Prize at the Istanbul Film Festival.

Thematic
 The french song France Culture by Arnaud Fleurent-Didier was translated into Norwegian and used in a monologue read by the main character.
 The monologue I remember is inspired by the memories Je me souviens by Georges Perec

References

External links

2011 films
2011 drama films
Films about drugs
Films about suicide
Films based on French novels
Films based on works by Pierre Drieu La Rochelle
Films directed by Joachim Trier
Films set in Oslo
Films shot in Oslo
Films with screenplays by Eskil Vogt
Norwegian drama films
2010s Norwegian-language films

Oslo, August 31st


Tortuga Island (, ) is a Caribbean island that forms part of Haiti. It is off the northwest coast of Hispaniola. Its Taíno name was Baynei.

During the 17th century, the island was an important centre for Caribbean piracy where pirates traded their stolen goods from ships and towns and stayed for days before going out to try to capture other ships.

Geography
In geology, it is considered as the western end of the region of the Cordillera Septentrional ("Northern mountain range") of the Hispaniola island, even if Tortuga Island is separated from the main island.

Tortuga Island is separated of the north coast of Haiti by an 8.9 to 15 km strait called the Canal de la Tortue ("La Tortue Channel"). The island is 37.5 km long and about 7 km wide, with an area of 193 km². There are not high mountains but most of the land is between 240 and 300 metres high; the highest point is Morne La Visite (340 m).

The island is a commune (like municipality), in the Nord Department. It is part of  the Port-de-Paix arrondissement, part of a department like a district.

Population
In 2004, there were 30,000 people living in the Tortuga Island. There are only small towns; Aux Palmistes, in the southeast, is the biggest town in the island.

History
Christopher Columbus saw this island on 6 December 1492 and visited it on 14 December. He called the island La Tortuga, Spanish for "The Turtle", because it has the shape, when seen from the sea, of a turtle.

Spanish people were not interested in Tortuga Island because they were trying to form a colony in the big Hispaniola island. And so this island was without people for most of the 16th century.

People from different European countries, mainly from England, came to live in this island. In 1625, French people came to this island from the Saint Kitts island. They lived on the southern part of the island where there are flat lands and tried to grow some crops like tobacco. They also went to Hispaniola, which they called la Grande Terre ("the Big Land") to hunt wild cows and pigs and, because they used a Taíno cooking technique with smoke known as "boucan", they were known as boucaniers ("buccaneers"). They sold the smoked meat and leather (dry skin used to make footwear and clothing) to those ships that came to the island.

The Spanish tried to get those people out of the island and they invaded the island several times but each time they went back to the Hispaniola and the Tortuga Island was taken again.
In 1640 a French engineer named Jean La Vasseur was sent to govern Tortuga. He built Fort de Rocher [1640]. La Vasseur opened the port to outlaws of all nations.

From Tortuga Island, people began to move to the northern part of the Hispaniola, mainly in the areas around the big plains, founding towns such as Port-de-Paix (1665), Cap-Français (1670) and Fort-Dauphin (1731). Then Tortuga Island lost its importance and very few people have lived here after those years, including today.

Tourism
There are several good beaches in Tortuga Island; Point Saline, at the western tip, is considered by many to be the best beach of the island.

At Basse-Terre, on the southeastern coast, there are still some rests of the Fort de la Roche built in 1630 by the French.

There are several interesting caves such as La Grotte au Bassin, La Grotte de la Galerie and others.

References

Geography of Haiti

Tortuga (Haiti)


This is worse (Spanish: Esto es peor) is an etching and wash drawing by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya (1746–1828). Completed between 1812 and 1815, though not published until 1863, it forms part of his Disasters of War series, which Goya created as a visual protest against the violence of the 1808 Dos de Mayo Uprising and subsequent Peninsular War of 1808–1814.

The image is based on a scene which occurred in Chinchón in December 1808, at a time when Goya's brother was living there as parish priest. When two French soldiers were killed by Spanish rebels, the French retaliated by massacring local men. Goya shows the mutilated body of a rebel impaled on the branches of a tree at two points – through his anus and shoulder blade. The victim's head is turned towards the picture's viewer, in a motif that echoes the title of another work in the Disasters series - One cannot look. His right arm has been chopped off above the elbow. In the background, French soldiers carry on with the massacre. The drawing contains sexual undertones in that the victim appears to have been raped.

The figuration of the dead man is based in part on the Hellenistic fragment of a male nude, the Belvedere Torso, by an Athenian sculptor. Goya had earlier made a black wash drawing study of the statue during a visit to Rome. However, he subverts the classical motifs used in war art by adding a degree of theatre – the branch through the anus, animated shoulders and close framing. The man is naked, itself a daring presentation for Spanish art in the 19th century.

An 1863 print of This is Worse was purchased by the National Galleries of Scotland in 1967.

See also
List of works by Francisco Goya

Notes

Bibliography
Bareau, Juliet Wilson. Goya's Prints, The Tomás Harris Collection in the British Museum. London: British Museum Publications, 1981.
 Connell, Evan S. Francisco Goya: A Life. New York: Counterpoint, 2004.
 Cottom, Daniel. "Unhuman culture". University of Pennsylvania, 2006.
 Hughes, Robert. Goya. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004.
 Stoichita, Victor & Coderch, Anna Maria. Goya: the Last Carnival. London: Reakton books, 1999.

1810s prints
Prints by Francisco Goya
19th-century etchings
Anti-war works

This is worse


Devi is a fictional character created by Shekhar Kapur and Virgin Comics, as part of their debut Shakti line, which focuses on Indian settings. The character is loosely based upon the mythological figure Durga.

Plot summary
Devi was a celestial warrior goddess created by the gods to fight the renegade god Bala in the 2nd century of man. When Bala rose again to threaten the universe, Devi was reborn within the body of a young woman named Tara Mehta.

The Devi entity had emerged within a warrior-woman of the Durapasya (human warriors of light) clan. She had led the armies of the gods and men on an all-out assault on Bala's Fortress.

After defeating Bala through hand-to-hand combat, which led to the fallen god being blinded, captured, and imprisoned by Bodha, the supreme Lord of creation inside Jwala, the fortress of fire and stone (hidden deep within the earth) she had created a source to hold the prayers of humanity and channel them to Aakashik, the story's representation of heaven, thus replenishing the powers of the other pure gods.

The key to Bala's sarcophagus prison was entrusted to a creature of fire and stone called the Gatekeeper.

In the present, a woman by the name of Tara Mehta, who is the unawakened Devi incarnate, lives a posh lifestyle alongside her boyfriend Iyam (who was the former favorite general of Bala during the ancient battle, and currently Sitapur's most notorious ganglord). He also owns "the Abyss" night club.

An investigation by Inspector Rahul Singh, a functioning alcoholic of the Sitapur police who drinks alcohol in order to self-medicate an overactive supernatural ability, leads to pinpointing Iyam as a culprit. Meanwhile, Kratha, an Apsara - an assassin of heaven hired by Lord Bala using a woman named Amara Gaelle - goes to try to eliminate Tara Mehta before she becomes Devi. However, she is unsuccessful as the Durapasya kidnap and drug her before she can kill her target.

Tara comes into contact with the first Devi who attempts to lead Tara on the road to rebirth as the Devi. Inspector Rahul Singh follows Iyam to a private meeting with Amara where he learns of the supposed assassination attempt.

Iyam and Kratha come to a truce ending with Iyam paying Kratha double the amount of what she was paid by her previous master. Amara, Lord Bala's contact, kills 2 of Iyam's bodyguards who had captured Inspector Rahul thus freeing him and seemingly following her own agenda.

Characters
Devi - A supernatural entity created by the gods to defeat their enemy, Lord Bala.
Lord Bala - An evil god bent on conquering heaven and subjugating man to his will. He feeds on the forced worship of his followers and he plans to stop the modern era version of the Devi and also to find the Source so as to gain its power.
Tara Mehta - A woman from the city of Sitapura who is said to become the next incarnation of Devi.
Rahul Singh - A cynical burnt out alcoholic police officer who, by a strange turn of events, finds himself as the sidekick of the current Devi incarnate, Tara Mehta.
Kratha - An apsara assassin hired by Lord Bala to kill Tara Mehta.
Agantuk - A priest of the order of the Durapasya who advocates the "radical" idea of keeping the human host alive for the Devi entity. He is largely responsible for Tara's survival when the Devi entity manifests itself within her mind and body.

Issues
Issue #1 - BHAIRAVI
(Title meaning in English : The terrifying beauty)

writer : Siddharth Kotian
artist : Mukesh Singh

The story of the original Devi and her battle against Bala and his hordes in the 2nd century of man.

Issue #2 - DWIJA
(Title meaning in English : Twice born)

writer : Siddharth Kotian
artist : Mukesh Singh

Return of Bala in modern times and introduction of Tara Mehta, the devi incarnate in the city of Sitapur

Issue #3 - NAMAHA
(Title meaning in English : Salutation)

writer : Samit Basu
artist : Mukesh Singh

Tara is kidnapped by the Durapasya, a cult of devi worshippers who initiate her transformation. The Apsara assassin Kratha arrives in Sitapur to kill Tara Mehta

Issue #4 - PRARAMBH
(Title meaning in English : Beginning)

writer : Samit Basu
artist : Mukesh Singh

Tara is attacked by Kratha while still in trance and the priest Agantuk whisks her away in the nick of time to Durapasya headquarters.

Issue #5 - AAGAMAN
(Title meaning in English : Arrival)

writer : Samit Basu
artist : Mukesh Singh

Tara's transformation into devi is complete, but as Kratha and Iyam storm the Durapasya temple, the human and the divine coexist in Tara.

Issue #6 - SAMSARA
(Title meaning in English : The world at large)

writer : Samit Basu
artist : Aditya Chari

Issue #7 - SANDEHA
(Title meaning in English : Doubt)

writer : Samit Basu
artist : Aditya Chari

Issue #8 - AKS
(Title meaning in English : Reflection)

writer : Samit Basu
artist : Saumin Patel

Issue #9 - YUDH
(Title meaning in English : War)

writer : Samit Basu
artist : Saumin Patel

Battle royale between the forces of Durapasya and Bala's hordes begin.

Issue #10 - SAMVARA
(Title meaning in English : The slaying)

writer : Samit Basu
artist : Saumin Patel

The battle between Tara and Bala.

Issue #11 - ATEETA
(Title meaning in English : The past)

writer : Saurav Mohapatra
artist(s) : Saumin Patel Siddharth Kotian Edison George

An enigmatic supernatural being is drawn towards the new DEVI and we get glimpses of Tara, Rahul and Kratha's past through his eyes.

Issue #12 - AHWAAN
(Title meaning in English : The call)

writer : Saurav Mohapatra
artist(s) : Saumin Patel

Tara learns to control her DEVI powers to some degree and fights a dreaded mob boss who is trying to gain control of the Sitapur underworld.

Issue #13

writer : Saurav Mohapatra
artist(s) : Saumin Patel

Tara and Kratha clash as the White Horseman manifests in Rahul's body declaring his intention to kill the DEVI, who he considers an abomination.

Issue #14,15 & 16

These have been released. Please update the review of the same.

Reception
Critical response to Devi has generally been positive, especially towards the artwork, which has drawn almost unanimous praise.  The first two issues drew some criticism for lack of world development and cliché dialogue, but reviewers found these issues were resolved in Devi #3.  In terms of sales, Devi is the most popular comic of the Shakti line.

Credits
Issues #1-#2 were written by Siddharth Kotain, with art and cover by Mukesh Singh, and colours by J Nanjan.  Issues #3-#10 were written by Samit Basu. Issue #11 and all later issues are written by Saurav Mohapatra. Acclaimed creator Ron Marz has signed on as story consultant and editor for the series.

Collections

The series is being collected as trade paperbacks:

Volume 1 (collects #1-5, 144 pages, June 2007, )
Volume 2 (collects #6-10, 144 pages, October 2007, )
Volume 3 (collects #10-15, 144 pages, January 2008, )
Volume 4 (collects #16-20, 144 pages, July 2008, )

See also
Indian comics
Tara Mehta
Bala
Rahul Singh
Iyam
Kratha

References

External links
How Deepak Chopra's Virgin Comics is changing comic book industry
Review of first trade, Silver Bullet Comic Books, August 29, 2007

2006 comics debuts
2008 comics endings
Comics by Saurav Mohapatra
Fictional Indian people
Virgin Comics characters
Comics characters introduced in 2006
Female characters in comics
Comics about women

Devi (Virgin Comics)


The coat of arms of the Dominican Republic, as described by Article 96 of the Dominican Constitution, has a shield supported by an olive branch (left) and a palm leaf (right); above the shield, a blue ribbon displays the national motto: Dios, Patria, Libertad (God, Fatherland, Freedom). Below the shield, there is a red ribbon with the words República Dominicana (Dominican Republic).

In the center of the shield there is an opened Bible with a small cross above it, and on each side flanked by three spears, two of them holding Dominican flags. The Constitution does not specify in what page should be opened the Bible; only that is the "Book of Gospels, opened". In fact, only the 1916 Constitution said "opened in John, Chapter XIII" but that constitution was not valid because of the occupation of the country by United States.

The National Flag of Dominican Republic has a small coat of arms in the center of the white cross.

The first Dominican coat of arms was created by the first Dominican Constitution of 6 November 1844 but it was frequently changed until 1913; sometimes, two different coats of arms were used at the same time.

The official Dominican coat of arms, or Great Seal of the Nation, was established in 1913, when Adolfo Nouel was the President of the Dominican Republic.

References

Dominican Republic
National symbols of the Dominican Republic

Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic


In cartography, a trap street is a fictitious entry in the form of a misrepresented street on a map, often outside the area the map nominally covers, for the purpose of "trapping" potential plagiarists of the map who, if caught, would be unable to explain the inclusion of the "trap street" on their map as innocent. On maps that are not of streets, other "trap" features (such as nonexistent towns, or mountains with the wrong elevations) may be inserted or altered for the same purpose.

Trap streets are often nonexistent streets; but sometimes, rather than actually depicting a street where none exists, a map will misrepresent the nature of a street in a fashion that can still be used to detect copyright violators but is less likely to interfere with navigation. For instance, a map might add nonexistent bends to a street, or depict a major street as a narrow lane, without changing its location or its connections to other streets, or the trap street might be placed in an obscure location of a map that is unlikely to be referenced.

Trap streets are rarely acknowledged by publishers. One known case is a popular driver's atlas for the city of Athens, Greece, which has a warning inside its front cover that potential copyright violators should beware of trap streets.

Examples

In an edition of the BBC Two programme Map Man, first broadcast 17 October 2005, a spokesperson for the Geographers' A-Z Map Company claimed there are "about 100" trap streets included in the London A-Z Street atlas. One such street, "Bartlett Place", a genuine but misnamed walkway (named after Kieran Bartlett, an employee at Geographers' A-Z Map Company), was identified in the programme and will appear in future editions under its real name, Broadway Walk.

It has been suggested that Google Earth placed Sandy Island, New Caledonia, as the geographical analogue to a trap street, although historical evidence implies that it originated as a cartographical error and Google simply passed the error along.

Legal issues
Trap streets are not copyrightable under the federal law of the United States.  In Nester's Map & Guide Corp. v. Hagstrom Map Co. (1992), a United States federal court found that copyright traps are not themselves protectable by copyright. There, the court stated: "[t]o treat 'false' facts interspersed among actual facts and represented as actual facts as fiction would mean that no one could ever reproduce or copy actual facts without risk of reproducing a false fact and thereby violating a copyright ... If such were the law, information could never be reproduced or widely disseminated."  (Id. at 733)

In a 2001 case, The Automobile Association in the United Kingdom agreed to settle a case for £20,000,000 when it was caught copying Ordnance Survey maps. In this case, the identifying "fingerprints" were not deliberate errors but rather stylistic features such as the width of roads.

In another case, the Singapore Land Authority sued Virtual Map, an online publisher of maps, for infringing on its copyright. The Singapore Land Authority stated in its case that there were deliberate errors in maps they had provided to Virtual Map years earlier. Virtual Map denied this and insisted that it had done its own cartography.

Cultural references
The 1979 science fiction novel The Ultimate Enemy by Fred Saberhagen includes the short story "The Annihilation of Angkor Apeiron" in which a salesman allows a draft of a new Encyclopedia Galactica to be captured by alien war machines. It leads them to believe there is a nearby planet ripe for attack, but the planet is actually a copyright trap and the aliens are led away from inhabited worlds, saving millions of lives.

The 2010 novel Kraken by China Miéville features the trap streets of the London A-Z being places where the magical denizens of the city can exist without risk of being disturbed by normal folk.

A 2013 film, Trap Street, inverts the usual meaning of a trap street, becoming a real street which is deliberately obscured or removed from a map—and anyone who attempts to identify it by placing it on public record is then "trapped".

The 2015 Doctor Who episode "Face the Raven" features a hidden street where alien asylum seekers have taken shelter. Due to a psychic field that subconsciously makes observers ignore it, outsiders consider it a trap street when they see it on maps. One scene involves the character Clara Oswald discussing the definition of "trap street". The episode's working title was also "Trap Street".

See also
 Agloe, New York
 Argleton
 Beatosu and Goblu, Ohio
 Honeytoken
 Paper street
 Phantom settlement
 Fictitious entry
 Watermark

References

External links

 Copyright Easter Eggs at OpenStreetMap

Fictitious entries
Intellectual property law
Cartography
Streets
Fictional streets and roads
Plagiarism detectors
Phantom geographical features

Trap street


A shed is a simple, single-storey structure in a garden which is used for storage. Some people use their shed to do hobbies or as a workshop. There are many types of sheds. Some sheds are small open-sided structures with tin rooves. Some sheds are large structures framed by wood. Some sheds are made out of plastic. Sheds used on farms can be large and tall structures. Sheds can be made with metal panels attached to a metal frame, plastic or vinyl panels attached to a frame, ill-timed construction.

Buildings and structures

Shed


Anakes were deities worshipped in Attica and Argos. The word is a title which means lords or kings, for they were the sons of Zeus (and were also known as Dioscuri).  Some have associated the Anake(s) cult with worship of the goddess Helen. It is also possible that the name refers to three specific gods, but evidence for this is faint.

See also
 Anax

Ancient Greek religion

Anakes


Abbey St. Bathans is a community in Barwickshire in the eastren pairt o The Mairches.

Awtho its name suggests a lairger foondation, Abbey St. Bathans wis oreeginally a priory o Cistercian Nuns. It wis sanctifeed an then uised as a retreat bi the sisters who formed the community at Hadentoun an at Nunraw, unner the patronage o Ada, Coontess o Dunbar an her husband Patrick I, Earl o Dunbar.

Tho the oreeginal location o the monastic accommodation is unkent the day, thare is a stane on ane side o the glen kent as the Abbey Stane. While thare are nae releegious hooses in the veelage the day, thare is a sma kirk in the square. A Meenister is shared wi nearbi hamlet o Longformacus. The dedication is tae St. Bathan—Baithéne mac Brénaind—the seicont abbot o Iona.

In the mid-1960s a deposit or "midden" wis foond bi the existin kirk, on the river bank whaur sic a "tip" wad logically be locatit. This contained mony shards o pottery which wur identifeed as mediaeval bi the Naitional Museum o Scotland, Edinburgh. This suggests that the monastery wis locatit in the riverside meadae aurie aroond the existin kirk, an a dig wad probably reveal some o the structur. This deposit wis discovered an excavatit bi Mrs. E. K. Robb, whose family uised tae holiday in the ferm.

The majority o the surroondin land is awned bi various members o the Dobie family—the auldest brither bein the Laird o the demesne.

Some o the woodland haes been uised bi the Forestry Commission at various times, but nou this is no the case.

The veelage
The veelage proper is based aroond 'The Square', whaur the kirk, a telephone an some hooses are locatit.  Abbey St. Bathans is situatit beside the Whiteadder Water. The Southern Upland Way an the Sir Walter Scott Way pass throu the veelage.  The SYHA uised tae hae a youth hostel in the veelage tae support walkers, housomeivver it haes been closed a for nummer o years.

Anither local attraction is The Riverside, a sma restaurant further doun river. It is locatit next tae a fish ferm.

Nearbi are the remains o the historic, Edin's Hall Broch —an Iron Age defensive structur.

Abbey St Bathans Hoose
The hoose began, probably in the early 19t century (a datestane o 1694 is o unkent provenance) as a thatched cottage ornée, set at the base o a knoll wi the grund fawin away steeply tae the north tae the Whiteadder Water.  It wis biggit for the Turnbull family.  This earlier core is identifiable at the centre o the entrance front as a twa-bay section wi first-floor dormers risin throu the eaves, an wi a salient gabled section at its northren end terminatin the north-wast range.

Later extensions, especially in the 1870s, retain something o the oreeginal character, if no the scale, in the plethora o traceried bargeboards, dormers, an barley-succar chimneystacks.  The detailin o the north-wast front is mair owertly Baronial, haein a central touer-lik pavilion wi chamfered corners at the upper levels, a taw pyramidal ruif, an a quadrant bartizan at the north-east angle.  Thare are attractive interiors, pairticularly the stair wi twistit balusters an timmer arcadin.  Mony fittins wur muivit here in the 1880s bi Dorothea Veitch frae Bassendean Hoose.

On the estate are a picturesque lodge, stables an gruim's cottage, an an airtfully componed Z-plan complex includin gamekeeper's cottage an kennels.

In 2006 the hoose wis in multiple occupation.

See an aw
Leet o places in the Mairches
Leet o places in Scotland

References
Cruft, Dunbar & Fawcett, The buildings of Scotland: Borders, 2006, p. 90

Veelages in the Mairches
Barwickshire

Abbey St Bathans


Raymond Lee Orbach (born 1934) is an American physicist and administrator.  He served as Under Secretary for Science in the United States Department of Energy from 2006 until 2009, when he was replaced by Steven E. Koonin. Until his resignation in December 2012, Orbach was director of the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin. Orbach continues to do research as a tenured professor in the Cockrell Family Dean's Chair for Engineering Excellence at the University of Texas.

Orbach received a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from the California Institute of Technology in 1956 and a Ph.D. degree in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1960.  Orbach began his academic career as a postdoctoral fellow at Oxford University in 1960 and became an assistant professor of applied physics at Harvard University in 1961. He joined the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) two years later as an associate professor, and became a full professor in 1966.

Orbach's research in theoretical and experimental physics has resulted in the publication of more than 240 scientific articles, and he is a fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

From 1982 to 1992, he served as the provost of the College of Letters and Science at UCLA, and from 1992 to 2002 as chancellor of the University of California, Riverside.

From March 14, 2002 until mid-2009, Orbach was director of the Office of Science at the Department of Energy, making him the highest-ranking science policy administrator within the DOE.  After June 1, 2006, he was the first Under Secretary for Science, for which President George W. Bush nominated him after the position was created by the Energy Policy Act of 2005.

On August 1, 2009 he became the founding director of the Energy Institute at the University of Texas at Austin. He resigned November 30, 2012 in response to a report critical of the Energy Institute's handling of potential conflicts of interest involving the geologist Charles G. Groat.

On November 3, 2009, the Science Library at the University of California, Riverside was renamed Orbach Library in honor of Orbach.

Orbach was born in Los Angeles, California.

References

External links
Energy Institute bio page

1934 births
Living people
University of California, Riverside alumni
Harvard University faculty
Chancellors of the University of California, Riverside
21st-century American physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society

Raymond L. Orbach


Cambridge University Press is the publishing wing of the University of Cambridge. King Henry VIII of England granted it the letters patent in 1534. It is also the world's oldest publishing house and the second-largest university press in the world.

Cambridge University Press has offices in 40 countries and it has published over 50,000 titles by authors from 100 different countries. They publishes academic journals, monographs, reference works, textbooks, and English language teaching and learning publications.

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