is a simulation game created by Gainax and BROCCOLI, and based on the anime and manga series Neon Genesis Evangelion. The gameplay is similar to that of the Princess Maker series also developed by Gainax. It was released for Microsoft Windows PCs in 2001, and the Dreamcast the following year.

A PlayStation 2 version called  was made another year later. The PS2 version has the original Ayanami route, as well as a new Asuka Route that can be unlocked. A Nintendo DS port of this version was released on August 27, 2008.

Overview
In Ayanami Raising Project, the player takes on the role of a NERV officer who has just been assigned to Tokyo-3. Upon meeting with Commander Gendo Ikari, he is charged with taking care of the First Child, the mysterious Evangelion pilot Rei Ayanami. It is up to the player to decide Ayanami's weekly schedule, balancing between education, duties at NERV, and leisure. The game spans approximately one year, and includes the events of the entire anime series, as well as the movie The End of Evangelion.

The player can direct Rei or Asuka to have multiple scenarios in the ending. Rei has scenarios like becoming a violinist, S&M queen, policewoman or maid. Asuka can become a scientist, manga artist, singer, astronaut, nun, and more. Both girls can have endings where they form a relationship with the player character or Shinji.

Characters
Ayanami Ikusei Keikaku revolves around the interaction between the player and Rei.

The Lieutenant is the player character. He appears as a normal-looking young man, possibly in his twenties. He has short, brown hair. Although the majority of his personality depends on decisions made throughout the game, he is presented as good-natured and responsible, if a bit naive. The player is assigned by Gendo Ikari to care for Rei over the course of a year. He is given the rank 'Sanii' (lieutenant) and is referred to by his rank rather than whatever name the player inputs throughout the game. If the name is mentioned without 'Sanii' in the dialogue box, the name is simply not said. In the PS2 version, he is in charge of Asuka on Asuka's route. He has a younger sister, which is the reason he was assigned to take care of Asuka. Due to the slight difference of the way the guardian for Rei and Asuka refer to themselves, it is believed they are different people. In the game depending on how well Rei performs its possible that The Lieutenant will be promoted to Captain in the game (this happens around the same time that Misato is promoted to Major. This is done probably to fill the rank gap at NERV and has no effect on the game e.g. Player is still referred to as Sanii)
Rei Ayanami is the pilot of Evangelion Unit-00. She is said to be fourteen years old. Of very pale complexion and rarely expressing emotions toward people, she is extremely serious about her work, defining it as her sole purpose in life. During the game, Rei's personality and attitude is likely to change and be somewhat different from her portrayal in the anime. A number of outcomes concerning her future are possible, including romantic relations with, and possibly even marriage to, the player.

Other characters in Neon Genesis Evangelion appear in the game to varying degrees:

Gendo Ikari is the Commander of NERV, and the only person to whom Rei initially shows any emotion. Intimidating and ruthless, he is committed to destroying the Angels that periodically attack the city, at any cost. The Lieutenant receives his salary (¥20,000 per month, 40,000 With Asuka) directly from the commander.
Ritsuko Akagi is NERV's top scientist, and the first person the Lieutenant meets in the game. She occasionally reports on Rei's condition, especially during visits to NERV.
Misato Katsuragi is another high-ranking NERV official, and the tactician for most battles. She and the Lieutenant seem to know each other, as she shows absolutely no hesitation in passing on difficult jobs to him or asking him to lend her money.
Shinji Ikari is the Third Child and pilot of Evangelion Unit-01, as well as the son of Gendo. He is a shy, introverted boy who harbors a deep resentment toward his father. On the other hand, he and the Lieutenant get along fairly well and sometimes exchange notes. He is the other romantic possibility for Rei.
Asuka Langley Soryu is the Second Child pilot of Evangelion Unit-02. Part German, she is very arrogant and somewhat of a bully. In the addon for the PS2, if the player goes through certain scenes the Asuka route is unlocked. In this route, the player is made Asuka's guardian instead of Rei's.
Hikari Horaki is the representative of Rei's homeroom class at school. Like other characters, she refers to the player by his rank. She plays a somewhat larger role in Asuka's route since she is Asuka's closest friend.
Toji Suzuhara is one of Shinji's friends from school. He has a sister being treated in a state-of-the-art NERV hospital and often visits her. He is relatively polite to the Lieutenant, but is very antagonistic towards Asuka.
Kensuke Aida is another of Shinji's friends and along with Toji and Shinji are referred to as the Three Stooges (San-Baka Trio). A military fan, he uses a lot of military speak when talking to the player.
Maya Ibuki is one of the technicians of NERV. She appears to be quite familiar with the player character, often complaining about work. Should Rei develop romantic feelings for the Lieutenant, Maya expresses shock and horror (possibly due to the rather large age difference). If the player is Asuka's guardian instead, Asuka gleefully manipulates the oblivious Lieutenant into suggesting she is in a sexual relationship with him, which (unsurprisingly) horrifies Maya.

Reception
The game sold 8,998 copies the week of its release.

See also

List of Neon Genesis Evangelion media

References

External links

Review @ Animefringe.com
Review @ zConnection
Ayanami Raising Project image gallery

2001 video games
Dreamcast games
Neon Genesis Evangelion games
Nintendo DS games
PlayStation 2 games
Raising sims
Windows games
Single-player video games
Broccoli (company) games

Neon Genesis Evangelion: Ayanami Raising Project


Evan Lysacek (born June 4, 1985) is an American figure skater. He grew up in Chicago, Illinois. Lysacek has trained all over the world, including in Switzerland and in Moscow. He now trains in El Segundo, California under his trainer Frank Carroll. Carroll at one time trained Michelle Kwan.

Lysacek won the United States Figure Skating Championships in 2007. He has won two bronze medals at the World Figure Skating Championships. He has also won the Four Continents Figure Skating Championships twice. Lysacek has won three silver medals at the World Junior Figure Skating Championships. That, followed immediately by his two bronze medals at the senior World Championships, meant that until 2007, he had won a medal at every World Championship he had ever entered.

Other websites

 Figureskates Online - Evan Lysacek
 The United States Figure Skating Association page for him
 The International Skating Union page for him

1985 births
Living people
American figure skaters
Sportspeople from Chicago

Evan Lysacek


Richard Michael Cyert (July 22, 1921 – October 7, 1998) was an American economist, statistician and organizational theorist, who served as the sixth President of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. He is known for his seminal 1959 work "A behavioral theory of the firm," co-authored with James G. March.

Early life
He was born in Winona, Minnesota and grew up in Minneapolis. He received a B.S. from the University of Minnesota in 1943, then joined the U.S. Navy. On the G.I. Bill he earned his Ph.D. in economics from Columbia University following World War II. At Columbia, however, he became a specialist in statistics as well. He taught briefly at City College of New York, then took a position in Pittsburgh at Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1948 to teach statistics in accounting and auditing.

Carnegie Mellon years
Cyert taught economics, statistics, and industrial administration for the next 14 years, then was named dean of the Graduate School of Industrial Administration (GSIA). He was a big proponent of inter-disciplinary research and assigned offices to faculty from different departments to the same suite when the new building for GSIA was completed. This proximity, along with the system that rewarded inter-disciplinary research, produced some outstanding and groundbreaking research- further highlighting CMU as an institution for cross-discipline research. In 1972 he became the university's sixth president. During his tenure as president, he led Carnegie Mellon through unparalleled growth, transforming it from an Eastern technical school to a premiere American university and focused the university on computer studies. He handled inherited deficits by first cutting costs, which gained him some enemies, and later launched the largest expansion in the school's 98-year history. The number of departments and programs ranked in the Top 10 nationally by deans' surveys rose from three—computer science, drama, and industrial administration—to twelve. His administration initiated new program areas in urban and public policy, engineering, architecture, art, cognitive psychology, social history, philosophy, and applied math.

Throughout his administrative career he remained active in his academic fields. He was the author or co-author of 12 books and wrote more than 100 articles for professional journals and books.
In 1973 he was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association.

After retiring from CMU, Cyert served as the Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the National Institute of Statistical Sciences at Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. He served for four years, until illness forced him to step down. He died following a long battle with cancer.

For 52 years he was married to Margaret Shadick Cyert; they had three daughters.

Cyert Hall, Carnegie Mellon's computing administration building, is named after Richard Cyert.

Publications
 Models in a Behavioral Theory of the Firm, with Edward Feigenbaum, and James March, Behavioral Science, April, 1959, pp. 81–95
 Behavioral Theory of the Firm with James March. Oxford: Blackwell, 1963. The book was voted the twelfth most influential management book of the 20th century in a poll of the Fellows of the Academy of Management.
 Multi-Period Decision Models with Alternating Choice as a Solution to the Duopoly Problem, with M. H. DeGroot, Quarterly Journal of Economics, August, 1970, pp410–429
 Management Decision Making (1971) with Lawrence A. Welsch
 The American Economy, 1960–2000 (1983)
 Technology and Employment (1987)

 Computational Organization Theory (1994) with Kathleen M. Carley and Michael J. Prietula

About Richard Cyert

References

1921 births
1998 deaths
Presidents of Carnegie Mellon University
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
American business theorists
Public administration scholars
American sociologists
Columbia Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
20th-century American writers
20th-century American economists
Fellows of the Econometric Society
South High School (Minnesota) alumni
United States Navy personnel of World War II

Richard Cyert


Bruno Parma (born December 30, 1941) is a Slovene-Yugoslav chess player and Grandmaster.

Parma was born in Ljubljana, in Italian-occupied Slovenia. He first played in the World Junior Chess Championship in 1959, sharing second place.  Two years later at age 21 he won the next Junior Championship (The Hague 1961), receiving the title of International Master.
FIDE granted him the grandmaster title based on his outstanding performance at the Beverwijk tournament in 1963. He was the third Slovene to become a grandmaster, after Milan Vidmar (1950) and Vasja Pirc (1953). He won the Slovenian Chess Championship in 1959 and 1961 and shared third place with Dragoljub Minić, Milan Matulović, and Bojan Kurajica in the 1968 Yugoslav Championship in Čateške Toplice.

In an international tournament at San Juan, Puerto Rico in 1969 he was second together with two grandmasters, Arthur Bisguier and Walter Browne, behind Boris Spassky.  His best results was shared first with Georgi Tringov in Vršac 1973 ahead of Wolfgang Uhlmann.

Parma played for the Yugoslav team in the Chess Olympiads eight times: 1962, 1964, 1966, 1968, 1970, 1974, 1978, and 1980.  The Yugoslav team won four silver medals and two bronze medals in those years.

References

External links

1941 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Ljubljana
Chess grandmasters
Slovenian chess players
Yugoslav chess players
World Junior Chess Champions
Chess Olympiad competitors

Bruno Parma


Thomas Bond (May 2, 1713 – March 26, 1784) was an American physician and surgeon.  In 1751 he co-founded the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first medical facility in the American colonies, with Benjamin Franklin, and also volunteered his services there as both physician and teacher.

Education and professional life
Bond was born in the United Kingdom, the third of five sons of Richard Bond and Elizabeth Chew (née Benson). The family moved to Philadelphia while Thomas was still a young man. He began his medical training in Annapolis but traveled to Paris and England in 1738 to complete it. He returned to Philadelphia in 1739, and two years later was made Port Inspector for Contagious Diseases in that city.  In 1743, he helped his long-time friend Benjamin Franklin establish the American Philosophical Society. Having formed a favorable opinion of British hospitals in the course of his studies, Bond began trying to raise funds in 1750 to establish a place of care for both the sick and the mentally ill, particularly for the poor. Unable to raise the funds himself, he turned to his friend Franklin, who had more success. Together they co-founded the Pennsylvania Hospital, which is located on Eighth and Pine Streets in Philadelphia.

The hospital quickly drew attention as a center for medical advancement, especially in maternity care and the humane treatment of mental illness, a poorly understood area of medicine at the time. Bond volunteered his services as a surgeon at this facility for more than three decades, from the year of its founding until he died. Some years after the hospital opened, he was joined there by his younger brother, Phineas Bond, who was also a skilled physician. Phineas Bond (-16.VI.1773) matriculated at the University of Leyden in the Netherlands 13 Augustus 1742.

Thomas Bond earned a high reputation as a surgeon, especially for amputations and bladder stone operations. Many patients traveled considerable distances (from as far away as Boston) to avail themselves of his surgical care. He performed the first lithotomy in the United States at Pennsylvania Hospital in October 1756 and developed a splint for fractures of the lower arm, known as a "Bond splint." In 1737, he was also one of seven physicians to publicly recommend inoculation against smallpox. Thomas Bond also served as trustee of the University of Pennsylvania, where, in 1766, he began clinical lectures for the benefit of medical students. These formal lectures supplemented the bedside clinical instruction he conducted in the hospital.  For his learning and pedagogy, he earned the title, "Father of Clinical Medicine." The alumni association of the Pennsylvania Hospital is today known as the Thomas Bond Society.

Service during the Revolutionary War
When the American Revolutionary War broke out, the sixty-three-year-old doctor along with his son, helped to organize the medical department of the Continental Army.  He established the first American field hospitals during the conflict.  He was also a member of the local Committee of Safety during the war.  He served as personal physician to Deborah Read, Benjamin Franklin's wife, and attended her during her final illness while Franklin was in France.

Personal life

Thomas Bond was a Quaker. His first wife, Susannah Roberts, was the daughter of Edward Roberts, the mayor of Philadelphia. They married in 1735, and with her he had two children. He remarried after her early death and had seven children by Sarah Weyman, among whom was another Thomas Bond. He is buried in Christ Church Burial Ground in Philadelphia. His epitaph reads: "In Memory of Thomas Bond, MD who practiced Physic and Surgery with signal reputation and success nearly half a century. Lamented and beloved by many, respected and esteemed by all, and adorned by literary honors sustained by him with dignity."

References

External links
 Thomas Bond and the History of Pennsylvania Hospital
 Biography and portrait at the University of Pennsylvania
 Thomas Bond House, Philadelphia, PA, Web site

1713 births
1784 deaths
People from Calvert County, Maryland
People of colonial Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania people
Continental Army officers from Pennsylvania
18th-century American physicians
American surgeons
People of colonial Maryland
Continental Army staff officers
Quakers from Pennsylvania
Burials at Christ Church, Philadelphia
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Leiden University alumni

Thomas Bond (American physician)


The Equality Act 2010 is an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom.

Before 2010, there were many different Acts (laws) and Regulations (rules) in Great Britain which protected against different kinds of discrimination.  The Equality Act's goal was to put all of these laws and protections together into one law, and make it easier to understand.

What laws were put together?
All of these laws were put together to make the Equality Act:
 The Equal Pay Act 1970, which said that men and women doing the same kind of work should get the same pay.  It also said that men and women should be treated equally at work
 The Sex Discrimination Act 1975, which protected against discrimination because of sex or whether or not a person was married
 The Race Relations Act 1976, which protected against discrimination because of race, skin colour, nationality, ethnicity, and national origin (home country)
 The Disability Discrimination Act 1995, which protected against discrimination because of disability
 Three major laws that protected against discrimination at work because of a person's religion, sexual orientation, or age

What does the Equality Act say?
The Equality Act has the same goals as the four major European Union Equal Treatment Directives (laws made by the European Union that protect against discrimination).

The Equality Act protects against discrimination because of:
 Age
 Gender (with special protections for pregnant women)
 Disability
 Being transgender and having had gender reassignment surgery
 Being married or in a civil partnership
 Race
 Religion or belief
 Sexual orientation
The Act says that all of these groups must be treated equally at work, when applying for jobs, and in private and public services.

People with disabilities have special protections under the Act.  The Act says that employers and service providers (like stores or schools) have to make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities if needed.  Reasonable accommodations are changes to places or ways of doing things that help people with disabilities do their jobs, go to school, and do other important things just like people without disabilities can.  Accommodations do not have to be made if they are not reasonable (if they would be very expensive or difficult to make).

Most of the Equality Act does not apply to Northern Ireland.

2010 in the United Kingdom
2010s Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Discrimination

Equality Act 2010


Podunavlje is the name of the Danube river basin parts located in Croatia (Slavonia, Syrmia, and Baranya) and Serbia (Vojvodina, Belgrade and Eastern Serbia). Podunavlje is located on the southern edge of Pannonian Basin. In its wider meaning, the Croatian term refers to the area around the entire flow of the river Danube.

Naming history

In the first half of the 18th century, Sava-Danube (Posavina-Podunavlje) section of the Habsburg Military Frontier existed in the area. Podunavlje segment of the Frontier comprised parts of southern Bačka and northern Syrmia including towns of Petrovaradin, Šid, Bačka Palanka, Bački Petrovac, Petrovaradinski Šanac (Novi Sad), and Titel.

Between 1922 and 1929, Podunavlje Oblast was one of the administrative units of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It included parts of Šumadija and Banat regions and its seat was in Smederevo. Between 1929 and 1941, one of the provinces of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was known as the Danube Banovina. The province consisted of the geographical regions of Syrmia, Bačka, Banat, Baranya, Šumadija, and Braničevo. The capital city of the Danube Banovina was Novi Sad. In 1941, the World War II Axis Powers occupied the province. Bačka and Baranya regions were attached to Miklós Horthy's Hungary, while Syrmia was attached to the Independent State of Croatia. The remaining rump Danube Banovina (including Banat, Šumadija, and Braničevo) existed as part of German-occupied Serbia until the end of 1941 with its capital at Smederevo. Today, Smederevo is seat of the Podunavlje District of Serbia.

Between 1980 and 1989, Podunavlje was a name of one of the former seven municipalities of Novi Sad City in Serbia.

Eastern Slavonia, Baranya and Western Syrmia (1991–1998), the eastern portion of the Republic of Serbian Krajina, was sometimes called 'Podunavska Krajina' by Serbs or 'Croatian Podunavlje' by Croats.

Cities and towns in Podunavlje

List of cities and towns located on the river Danube in Podunavlje.

Cities and towns in Serbia:

Cities and towns in Croatia:

Municipalities in Podunavlje

List of municipal areas connected to the river Danube in Podunavlje.

Municipalities in Serbia:

Municipalities in Croatia:

Podunavlje in Serbia

Geography and demographics
Northern part of Serbian Podunavlje is mostly flat, while southern part is mostly mountainous. Important rivers in Serbian Podunavlje that flowing into Danube are Tisa, Sava, Tamiš, and Morava. Two largest cities of Serbia, Belgrade and Novi Sad, are located in Podunavlje. Podunavlje includes parts of several traditional geographical regions in Serbia. Such are Bačka, Banat, Syrmia, Šumadija, Braničevo, and the Timok Valley.

Serbian Podunavlje is mainly populated by Serbs, while other smaller ethnic groups in the area are Slovaks, Hungarians, Croats, Rusyns, Romanians and Vlachs, Roma people, etc. Slovaks forming the majority of population in the municipality of Bački Petrovac, which is located near the Danube, in Bačka. Main religion in the area is Orthodox Christianity, while other smaller religious groups are Catholic Christians, Protestant Christians and Muslims.

History
Podunavlje region in Serbia was an area where several important prehistoric cultures flourished, notably the Lepenski Vir culture, the Starčevo culture, the Vinča culture, the Kostolac culture, the Vatin culture, the Belegiš culture, etc. It was also a core of the Tribal State of Celtic Scordisci, which had its capital in Singidunum (present-day Belgrade). Serbian Podunavlje was also a border region of Roman Empire and there are archaeological remnants of Roman civilization in the area.

In the Migration Period and the Middle Ages, the region was part of the Eastern Roman Empire, the Hunnic Empire, the Ostrogothic Kingdom, the Kingdom of the Gepids, the Lombard State, the Avar Khaganate, the Frankish Empire, the Bulgarian Empire, the Principality of Lower Pannonia, the Great Moravia, and the Kingdom of Hungary.

Although, Serbo-Croatian speaking South Slavs settled in Serbian Podunavlje in the 6th century, Serbian state did not reach the river Danube before the 13th century. Kingdom of Syrmia ruled by Serb king Stefan Dragutin (1284–1316) included southern Podunavlje and had its capitals in Debrc and Belgrade. The southern Podunavlje was subsequently included into other medieval Serbian states, notably the Serbian Empire, the Moravian Serbia and the Serbian Despotate. The Serbian Despotate had its capitals in Podunavlje, notably in Belgrade and Smederevo. After the Ottoman conquest of Serbian Despotate in 1459, Serbian statehood was temporarily restored in northern Podunavlje (in present-day Vojvodina) between 1526 and 1530, during the reigns of emperor Jovan Nenad and duke Radoslav Čelnik.

In the 16th century, the whole region was included into the Ottoman Empire. Subsequently, it became an area disputed between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg monarchy. After the Treaty of Belgrade from 1739 which defined the Habsburg-Ottoman border in Podunavlje, the region, as well as the local Serb people, became divided between the two empires. In both these areas, Serb people fought for their autonomy and independence. After the First and Second Serbian Uprising (in 1804 and 1815), an autonomous Ottoman Principality of Serbia was created in the south, while after the Serbian Uprising in Vojvodina (in 1848–1849), an autonomous Austrian Voivodeship of Serbia and Banat of Temeschwar was created in the north. The two autonomous areas, however, did not have the same fate; while the northern voivodeship was abolished in 1860, the southern principality gained full independence in 1878 and was transformed into the Kingdom of Serbia in 1882. In 1918, after the Habsburg defeat in the First World War, the northern Podunavlje was also included into the Kingdom of Serbia, which subsequently became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed to Yugoslavia). Since 2006, the whole region is part of an independent Republic of Serbia.

Podunavlje in Croatia

Geography and demographics

In Croatia, region is elongated in a north–south along the Danube which is border river between Croatia and Serbia. On the north region bordering with Hungary and on west continues to Slavonia, Syrmia and Baranya and rest of Croatia. The region is extremely flat with an average altitude of 80–110 meters. Coendures of Croatian Podunavlje are approximately overlapping with the territory of pre-War territory of Yugoslav municipalities Beli Manastir, Osijek, Vinkovci and Vukovar. Those four municipalities had a territory of 3.436 kilometres and constituted 6,1% of territory of Socialist Republic of Croatia. In 1991 mentioned municipalities had 402.152 inhabitants living in 157 settlements and they constituted 8,4% of population of Croatia at the time. After the collapse of Yugoslavia, local government system in Croatia was significantly changed and today Croatian Podunavlje in widest sense can be described as a region that is overlapping with the territory of Vukovar-Syrmia and Osijek-Baranja counties. In this sense region include the gravitation regions of towns of Našice and Županja and is significantly bigger and cover the area of 6.597 kilometres or 11,7% of territory of Croatia with 348 settlements and 598.434 inhabitants in 1991 (12,5% of total population of Croatia at that time).

Climate in the region can be described as Continental climate with warm and hot summers and cold winters. Temperature ranges in Podunavlje are higher than in rest of Croatia due to the continent influence. Also level of rainfall is therefore lower than in the rest of Croatia.

It is one of the ethnically heterogeneous areas in Croatia. The largest ethnic group are Croats, after them follow Serbs and Hungarians, as well as some smaller ethnic groups such as Pannonian Rusyns, Slovaks, Ukrainians, Romani people, Germans, etc. Croats constitute an absolute majority of people in Podunavlje, while Serbs make up largest ethnic minority. Hungarians are third ethnic group by number and mostly live in area of Baranya. Pannonian Rusyns live mainly in Petrovci and Mikluševci. More than one-fifth of total number of Slovaks in country live in Ilok.

History

Some of the important archaeological cultures that appeared in this area are the Vučedol culture, the Vinča culture and the Starčevo culture. Certainly, the most famous archaeological artifact is the ritual vessel of Vučedol culture, called by the speculative attribution of her founder (in 1938) M. Seper – the Vučedol Dove (vučedolska golubica). Made between 2800 and 2500 B.C. it became the symbol of style, culture and new arising European civilization. The Vučedol dove is a 19,5 cm high ritual vessel made from baked clay. This, as well, proves European pigeon breeding much older than we used to think. Moreover, Vučedol dove is the oldest dove figure found in Europe so far. The ritual vessel is depicted on the reverse of the Croatian 20 kuna banknote, issued in 1993 and 2001.

During the Roman period, Danube was border to barbarian world.

In period from 1991 till 1998 in Podunavlje there was self-proclaimed Eastern Slavonia, Baranya and Western Syrmia that was reintegrated into Croatia after signing of Erdut Agreement. Region was declared by local Serbs who promoted survival of Yugoslavia, because of which they had support of Yugoslav People's Army. Local Serb population was further alarmed with comparisons of new Croatian state with World War II Independent State of Croatia and its Jasenovac concentration camp. War has left a heavy mark on both the economy and the interpersonal relationships in region. There were especially strained relations between two largest groups, Croats and Serbs.

Some of the most important events of war in eastern Croatia are Battle of Vukovar, Vukovar massacre, and Borovo Selo killings in which in first two cases was killed significant number of civilians. Large part of Croats were forced to leave their homes in Eastern Slavonia, Baranya and Western Syrmia, and their property was looted and destroyed. Some have been captured and imprisoned for some time in Serbia, and some were killed there. Tens of thousands of Croats in this period left Podunavlje. At the same time in Podunavlje came tens of thousands Serbian refugees fleeing from war in the rest of Croatia. After the war ended local population get a difficult task of rebuilding coexistence in which were included a number of organizations such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe and embassies of foreign countries. However, although progress is slow at times international community has assessed this process as relatively successful. After the war, a number of towns and municipalities in the region were designated Areas of Special State Concern.

Nature

Kopački Rit:

Nature park Kopački Rit is located northwest of the confluence of the Drava and the Danube, situated at the border with Serbia. It is one of the most important, largest and most attractive preserved intact wetlands in Europe. Around 260 various bird species nest here (wild geese and ducks, great white egret, white stork, black stork, white-tailed eagle, crows, coots, gulls, terns, kingfishers, European green woodpecker, etc.), and there are many other species using this area as a temporary shelter on migration from the northern, cooler regions to the southern, warmer areas and vice versa.

There are 40-odd fish species (pike, ide, tench, bream, carp, catfish, pike-perch, perch, etc.). Several various mammal species inhabit the land (red deer, roe deer, wild boar, wild cat, pine marten, stone marten, weasel, sable, otter, etc.) Rich plant life, typical of wetlands, is found also in Kopački Rit.

See also
 Geographical regions in Serbia
 Podunavlje District
 Podunavlje, a formerly proposed new administrative division of Serbia, roughly corresponding to present-day Southern and Eastern Serbia
 Danube Banovina

References

Further reading
 Podunavlje, Enciklopedija Novog Sada, knjiga 20, Novi Sad, 2002.
 Geografski atlas, Magic Map, Smederevska Palanka, 2001.
 Denis Šehić – Demir Šehić, Geografski atlas Srbije, Beograd, 2007.

Geographical regions of Serbia
Regions of Croatia
Geography of Vojvodina
Geography of Belgrade
Geography of Southern and Eastern Serbia
Bačka
Syrmia
Banat
Šumadija
Timok Valley
Slavonia
Baranya (region)
Nature reserves in Serbia

Podunavlje


The 1955 Cotton Bowl Classic was a post-season college football bowl game between the Southwest Conference champion Arkansas Razorbacks and the champions of the SEC, the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. Georgia Tech defeated Arkansas, 14–6, in front of 75,550 spectators. Arkansas would get their revenge in the 1960 Gator Bowl, a 14–7 Hog win.

Setting

Arkansas lost only two games by a total of eight points, despite being picked to finish next-to-last in the SWC during the preseason. The Razorbacks were propelled by their most memorable win, against the #5 Ole Miss Rebels, on what is called the Powder River Play. The game turned on a 66-yard pass from tailback Buddy Bob Benson to blocking back Preston Carpenter, the only score of the game. The halfback pass gave Arkansas the 6-0 in War Memorial Stadium. The play was called "perhaps the most important in Arkansas football history to that time" by Orville Henry. Arkansas had struggled winning bowl games, entering at 1-0-2.

Georgia Tech, however, was very rich in bowl tradition. Bobby Dodd's Ramblin' Wreck had played in four Orange Bowls and three Sugar Bowls entering this matchup. Assistant coach Frank Broyles would become a legend coaching the Razorbacks from 1958–76, including winning the 1964 National Championship.

Game summary
The Razorbacks and Yellow Jackets played to a scoreless tie until Razorback sophomore QB/HB George Walker scored, completing an 80-yard drive before halftime. Walker could not connect on the extra point, however, and Arkansas would go up only 6-0. After halftime, Georgia Tech would take over. The Jackets' powerful running game produced two touchdowns, first by Paul Rotenberry, then by Wade Mitchell, and Arkansas could gain only eight yards rushing in the second half, the combination of which proved enough to defeat the Porkers, 14-6.

Georgia Tech won their ninth of eleven bowl games, while Arkansas' record in the postseason dropped to 1-1-2.

References

Cotton Bowl Classic
Cotton Bowl Classic
Arkansas Razorbacks football bowl games
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football bowl games
January 1955 sports events in the United States
Cotton Bowl

1955 Cotton Bowl Classic


Jan Christiaan Smuts, OM, CH, ED, KC, FRS, PC (24 May 1870 – 11 September 1950), was a South African soldier and Prime Minister, from 1919 to 1924 and again from 1939 to 1948.

Biography

Early life
Jan Smuts was born into a wealthy Afrikaner family living in the British Cape Colony. He first went to school at age 12, going to Victoria College four years later to study science and the arts. He later went to Christ's College in Cambridge to study law.

Boer War and Unification
Smuts was a supporter of Cecil Rhodes until it was revealed that he was apart of the Jameson Raid by a group of Uitlanders (foreigners in Afrikaans) in the Transvaal Republic. In 1898, Smuts moved to Johannesburg in the Transvaal to practice law and later became a minister in the Transvaal government until the outbreak of the Anglo-Boer War.

During the Boer War, he led a Boer Commando in the Cape Colony using guerrilla tactics. After the war, Smuts joined the cabinet led by Louis Botha in 1907. However, uneasiness with his Afrikaner comrades cooperating with the British led him to disown the Afrikaners on year later, declaring himself to be South African instead.

Soldier and Statesman
Two years after the Union of South Africa was formed, Smuts created the Union Defence Force (UDF). He led the UDF and was instrumental in the conquest of German South-West Africa and German East Africa during World War I. In 1917, Smuts was invited to join the Imperial War Cabinet. In 1918, Smuts helped created the Royal Air Force.

Smuts and Botha were key negotiators at the Paris Peace Conference. After signing the Treaty of Versailles, which gave South Africa control over Namibia, Smuts returned to politics.

When Botha died in 1919, Smuts became Prime Minister, serving until his defeat in 1924 to the National Party.

World War II
After serving nine years in opposition, Smuts became Deputy Prime Minister in a coalition government led by Barry Hertzog.
When Hertzog asked for neutrality towards Nazi Germany during World War II, he was deposed and Smuts became Prime Minister again. During World War II, Smuts was invited to the Imperial War Cabinet again, where he worked closely with Winston Churchill. In 28 May 1941, Smuts became a Field Marshal of the British Army, becoming the first South African to hold that rank. This cooperation with Churchill made Smuts very unpopular with the Afrikaners, which led to his downfall.

In May 1945, Smuts represented South Africa during the drafting of the Charter of the United Nations. Just as he did in 1919, Smuts urged the delegates to create a powerful international organisation to preserve peace. Smuts signed the Paris Peace Treaty, becoming the only person to sign the treaties that ended both the First and Second World Wars.

After World War II
After World War II, Smuts continued to represent South Africa internationally. Smuts was in favour of Zionism and his government quickly recognized the newly formed State of Israel after its establishment in May 1948. However, his support for the war and plans to change racial segregation in South Africa made him very unpopular with the Afrikaners, and in 1948, lost the election to Daniel Francois Malan and the pro-Apartheid National Party.

Smuts died on 11 September 1950 from a heart attack on his family farm.

1870 births
1950 deaths
Afrikaner people
Calvinists
Generals
People of the Boer Wars
Prime Ministers of South Africa
South African military people
Zionists

Jan Smuts


Investigator may refer to:

 Clinical investigator, an investigator involved in a medical clinical trial
 Detective, a person who investigates crimes, can be a rank and job in a police department, state or federal employee, or a civilian called a private detective
 Investigator Strait, a body of water lying between Yorke Peninsula, on the Australian mainland, and Kangaroo Island in South Australia
 New investigator, a designation for less experienced researchers
 Principal investigator, the lead scientist for a particular well-defined science project
 Private investigator (P.I.), a person who does not work for the police or government, but who undertakes investigations as a subcontractor
 UN Special Investigator, a United Nations appointee, charged with investigations or auditing in a specific matter
 Ghosthunter, one of other paranormal investigators

 See also
 HMS Investigator, name of ships in the Royal Navy

Investigator


The Atatürk Airport attack, consisting of shootings and suicide bombings, occurred on 28 June 2016 at Atatürk Airport in Istanbul, Turkey. Gunmen armed with automatic weapons and explosive belts staged a simultaneous attack at the international terminal of Terminal 2. Three attackers and forty-five other people were killed, with more than 230 people injured. Monitoring group Turkey Blocks identified widespread internet restrictions on incoming and outgoing media affecting the entire country in the aftermath of the attack.

Media reports indicated that the three attackers were believed by Turkish officials to have come from Russia and Central Asia. Turkish officials said the attackers were acting on behalf of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and had come to Turkey from ISIL-controlled Syria. Commentators suggested that the attacks may have been related to stepped-up pressure against the group by Turkish authorities. No one claimed responsibility for the attack.

Background
Istanbul had already been subjected to three terrorist attacks in the first half of 2016, including suicide attacks in January and in March that were both linked to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), and a car bombing in early June claimed by the Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK), a "radical offshoot of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)".

After the attack, United States CIA director John O. Brennan said that the attack bore the hallmarks of an ISIL terror attack. It was suggested that Turkey was paying a price for former Prime Minister and now President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's wilful blindness to ISIL threat, and that Turkey, after previously being a conduit for fighters joining ISIL, was beginning to feel the wrath of the group for taking a harder line. The Washington Post wrote that "perhaps not by chance, what was merely the latest in a series of Islamic State attacks inside Turkey came just as its impulsive and increasingly autocratic president was moving to repair his regime's threadbare foreign relations".

Attacks

Shortly before 22:00 Istanbul time, two assailants approached the x-ray scanner at a security checkpoint, and opened fire. Police officers returned fire, and the assailants detonated bombs on their persons.

Based on a security camera video, one of the bombers was about  inside Terminal 2 (the International terminal) when he detonated his suicide bomb. In the CCTV video the explosion can be seen within or near a group of people. According to Turkish officials, one of the explosions was set off by a third attacker in the parking lot across the street from the terminal.

A closed-circuit television video of this incident showed an armed assailant walking and firing at people within the terminal. The gunman was then shot by a security officer and fell to the ground, with the security officer approaching to investigate. The officer then ran away, presumably having noticed the gunman's explosive belt. The suicide belt then detonated.

During and immediately after the attacks, hundreds of passengers and people inside the airport hid anywhere they could in shops, washrooms, and under benches.

Two of the attackers detonated explosive devices, killing themselves; one other was killed, presumably by security forces.

There were three perpetrators who detonated their explosives in or near the terminal. However, there were reports and witnesses stating that there were four armed men running away from the blasts; this has not yet been confirmed by police personnel. A US intelligence source told CBS News that the coordinated attacks lasted only about 90 seconds.

Many travelers described what they saw during the attack to reporters. One man stated, "We came right to international departures and saw the man randomly shooting. He was just firing at anyone coming in front of him. He was wearing all black. His face was not masked. I was 50 meters away from him." He continued, "We ducked behind a ticket counter but I stood up and watched him. Two explosions went off shortly after one another. By that time he had stopped shooting." Lastly he said, "He turned around and started coming towards us. He was holding his gun inside his jacket. He looked around anxiously to see if anyone was going to stop him and then went down the escalator ... We heard some more gunfire and then another explosion, and then it was over."

Other people who had arrived outside the terminal said that taxicab drivers were screaming, "Don't enter! A bomb exploded!" from their windows to incoming traffic.

Casualties
48 people (including the three attackers) were killed and more than 230 people were injured. Many of the victims were Turkish nationals, but people of other nationalities were also among the dead.

Aftermath

Following the attack, all departure flights were suspended, but the arrival flights remained operational for some time until they were diverted. According to Flightradar24, most of the Istanbul-bound flights diverted to either Izmir or Ankara. Following the attack the FAA suspended all Turkish flights into and out of the United States for about five hours, allowing only the 10 flights that were already in the air during the attack to land in the U.S. All the flights suspended were Turkish Airlines flights. It is believed that between 8 and 14 aircraft from numerous airlines were at the terminal during the attack, none of the aircraft were ever in danger nor were any of them damaged during the attack.

A broad media blackout was imposed by the state shortly after the attack banning "all news, interviews, and visuals regarding the incident" in "any written and visual media, digital media outlets, or social media." Independent internet monitoring group Turkey Blocks reported that social networks Twitter and Facebook were slowed to the point of being unusable at 1:06am on 29 June, approximately three hours after the attack.

In the initial hours after the attack, several airports in the world stepped up their security. In the United States, security was tightened at major international airports, including John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport in New York, and Hartsfield–Jackson International Airport in Atlanta, the busiest airport in the world. Officials stated that there were no credible threats to major airports in the U.S. In Indonesia, security at major international airports, such as Soekarno - Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, was tightened. Indonesian Transportation Minister Ignasius Jonan stated that the security status in every airport in Indonesia was alerted to yellow, meaning that an attack in airport was "likely". He also added that major seaports in Indonesia also tightened their security. In India, the security in several major airports, such as Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport in Sahar was beefed up; security was also stepped up at the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel in Colaba, one of the sites of the 2008 Mumbai attacks. Security in Kolkata's Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Airport was also tightened.

In social media, the hashtag #PrayForTurkey became popular. By 29 June, it had been used more than 300,000 times on Twitter, by people wanting to show solidarity with Turkey and the victims. Several photos went viral in response to the attack, such as an older meme by Le Monde cartoonist Plantu which drew a parallel with the suffering caused by terror attacks in Belgium and France. Taxis took wounded people to the nearest hospital.

Responsibility
Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım accused ISIL of carrying out the attack, but ISIL has not claimed responsibility.

CNN reported on 30 June that Turkish officials have "strong evidence" that the attackers came from the ISIS stronghold of Raqqa, Syria, that ISIS leadership was involved in planning of the attack, and that the men entered Turkey about a month ago from Raqqa, bringing with them the suicide vests and bombs used in the attack.

On 30 June, the BBC reported that the attackers were from the Russian North Caucasus region, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Previously it was reported the attackers spoke a language unfamiliar to their taxi driver, possibly Chechen. CNN reported that the gunmen were from the two Central Asian countries and Russia. Turkey has identified two of the attackers as Russian nationals Rakim Bulgarov and Vadim Osmanov, while not identifying the third.

On 1 July, a report quoted a highly placed U.S. congressman as saying the attack had been organized by a Chechen extremist known to be a top ISIS lieutenant, Akhmed Chatayev. U.S. Rep. Michael McCaul, R-Texas, chairman of the House Committee on Homeland Security, stated that Chatayev directed the attack. Turkish and Swedish media also identified Chatayev as the mastermind, who was granted political asylum in Austria. Chatayev served nine months in a Swedish prison in 2008 after being convicted of smuggling weapons into Sweden. Chatayev was later killed in 2017 during a shootout with Georgian police in Tbilisi.

Two of the three attackers were identified as Rakim Bulgarov and Vadim Osmanov, according to the state-run Anadolu news agency. The trial for forty-six people accused being involved in the attack started on 13 November 2017 in Silivri.

Reactions
Following the bombings, several structures around the world were illuminated in the colours of the Turkish flag.

National

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan issued a statement condemning the attack, which took place during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. He said the attack "shows that terrorism strikes with no regard to faith and values", called on the international community to take a firm stand against terrorism, and vowed to keep up Turkey's struggle against terror groups. Erdogan also stated, "Turkey has the power, determination and capacity to continue the fight against terrorism until the end."

Turkey declared 29 June as day of national mourning in response to the attack. The statement came from Prime Minister Binali Yıldırım to commemorate the victims of the attack. The Albanian Prime Minister Edi Rama's plane was landing when the attack occurred; he was evacuated from Atatürk into an official residence. He had flown to Turkey for an official visit.

On 29 June, Turkish authorities detained 22 people in response to the attack: thirteen in Istanbul and nine in the coastal city of Izmir. Turkish authorities confirmed that the perpetrators were foreign nationals, specifically, they came from Uzbekistan, Russia and Kyrgyzstan.

The airport and wider community made a swift return to ordinary routine following the attack. Airport visitors reported that public transport was at full capacity in the days that followed, and that locals were still highly concentrated in the market squares.

International
At least 80 countries, either through statements or official actions by their heads of state or their foreign ministries, condemned the attacks, expressed sympathy or support to Turkey and the victims of the attacks.

The United Nations likewise condemned the attacks, and the Council of Europe and the European Union extended their condolences and solidarity for Turkey.

The United Nations Human Rights Council condemned internet restrictions imposed by the Turkish government to limit coverage of the incident, labelling them a "violation of international human rights law."

Israel, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and the United States issued travel advisories discouraging travel to Istanbul following the attacks. U.S. flights from and to Turkey were suspended for several hours in relation to the attacks. Police in New York and New Jersey boosted the security of airports in their states.

See also
 2015 Ankara bombings
 2015 Sabiha Gökçen Airport bombing
 June 2016 Istanbul bombing
 Istanbul nightclub shooting

References

2016 in Istanbul
2016 mass shootings in Europe
2016 murders in Turkey
2010s crimes in Istanbul
2010s trials
21st-century mass murder in Turkey
Attacks on buildings and structures in 2016
Attacks on buildings and structures in Istanbul
Filmed murder–suicides
ISIL terrorist incidents in Turkey
Islamic terrorism in Istanbul
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2016
2016 attack
June 2016 crimes in Europe
June 2016 events in Turkey
Mass murder in 2016
Mass murder in Istanbul
Mass shootings in Turkey
Murder trials
Suicide bombings in 2016
Suicide bombings in Istanbul
Terrorist attacks on airports
Terrorist incidents in Turkey in 2016
Trials in Turkey
Building bombings in Turkey
Attacks in Turkey in 2016

2016 Atatürk Airport attack


Robert Henryson (c. 1425 − c. 1500), kent as Robert Henderson, Robert Henrysoun an aw, wis a Scots makar, jaloused tae hae been a member o the Clan Henderson o Fordell, tho thare isna ony clear evidents that this is the case.

Life
Gey little is kent anent his life, as wi maist o the lave o fowk frae that time.  Thare isna ony record o him haein studied at the Varsity o Saunt Andras (that wis the ae Scots varsity at the time), but in 1462 a "Maister Robert Henryson" is named amang thaim taen intil the newly stairtit Varsity o Glesgae.  It is likely that his first learnins wis feenished at a varsity in some ither kintra, sic as the Varsity o Pairis or the Varsity o Leuven.  It is written on the teetle-page o the 1570 edeetion o his Fables that he wis "scholemaister of Dunfermling", likely o the grammar-schuil o the Benedictine Dunfaurlin Aibey.

Syne William Dunbar writes o him as deid in his Lament for the Makaris, his daith micht be pitten aboot 1500.

Writin
M.M. Gray haes this tae say o Henryson's wark:

"Robert Henryson...haes mair o the element o greatness in his themes an treatment nor the ithers [i.e the lave o the makars].  Henryson alane, in poetry ither nor leeric, comes tae his subjects an chairacter in the hie sairiousness o great poetry."

Hugh MacDiarmid is amang mony that see Henryson as mair better nor Dunbar as a poet.  Dunbar is aftentimes hauden tae be mair guid at the techniques, but Henryson's wark is mair aften hauden tae be mair universal nor Dunbar's.

Morall Fabillis of Esope
Henryson's langest an in mony weys his maist oreeginal wark is his Morall Fabillis of Esope - a gaitherin o thirteen fables, pitten ower intae Scots, wi mair nor a wee bit o rewirkin bi Henryson.  Thir includes Toun Mous and Uplandis Mouse, The Fox, the Wolf and the Cadger an ithers.  Tho the fables comes frae lang syne an pre-dates Christianity, Henryson's retellin shaws a wheen Biblical influence, for example he maks a wouf an a laum hae a debate anent inheritin punishment for sin wi reference tae the Buik o Ezekiel.  In anithir ane, he maks a link atween his fable o a cock that ignores a precious stane in his midden in favour o fuid an Christ's sayin anent castin pearls tae swine (Matt. 7:6).  Whiles the fables can be interpretit on several levels - for ordinar leeteral an allegorical.

The auldest texts is the Chartens Text, prentit bi Lekpreuik in Embra in 1570 an the Harleian MS. No. 3865 in the Breetish Museum.

The Testament of Cresseid
In The Testament of Cresseid, Henryson eiks tae Chaucer's tale o Troilus wi the story o the traigic daith o Cresseid frae lepracy.  Hielichts o the poem is the innin an its descreeption o winter an auld age; the tellin o Cresseid's lepracy an in the end her daith.  Efter the Morall Fabillis of Esope, this is his maist kent wark.

The follaein is frae the innin tae the poem:
Throughout the glass her beamis brast sa fair
That I micht see on every side me by.
The northin wind had purifyit the air,
And shed the misty cloudis fra the sky;
The frost freezit, the blastis bitterly
Fra Pole Atric come whistling loud schill
And causit me remove aganis my will.

Orpheus and Eurydice
The poem kent as Orpheus and Eurydice, that's taen frae Boethius, hae some guid pairts, sic as the leerical lament o Orpheus, wi the refrains "Quhar art thow gane, my luf Erudices?" an "My lady quene and luf, Erüdices." It is follaed bi a lang moralatis as in the Fables.

Ither warks
Some thirteen shorter poems haes been ascribed tae Henryson an aw.  O thir the pastoral ane Robyne and Makyne is the maist weel kent, follaed bi The Thrie Deid Pollis.  Unlik maist o the minor poems, thir dinna lippen on Chaucerian tradeetion.  The ither pieces is anent normal 15t Century topics sic as Eild, Daith, Morality, etc.

The MS soorces for the text is the Asloan, Bannatyne, Maitland Folio, Makculloch, Gray and Riddell. Chepman and Myllar's Prints (1508) haes preserred twa o the minor poems an a fragment o Orpheus and Eurydice. The first hale edeetion wis redd bi David Laing (1 vol., Edinburgh, 1865).

Legacy
Robert Henryson is commemoratit in Makars' Coort, outbye The Writers' Museum in Lady Stairs Close, Edinburgh, wi a quote frae Toun Mouse and Uplanis Mouse frae the Fables:

"Blissit be sempyl life withouten dreid"

Soorces
M.M. Gray - Scottish Poetry from Barbour to James VI
Sarah M. Carpenter - "The Bible in Mediaeval Verse and Drama" (chapter frae The Bible in Scottish Life and Literature, ed. David F. Wright)

Scots Renaissance writers
Middle Scots poets
Scots Makars
1420s births
1500s daiths

Fabulists
Lallans poets
Scots eddicators
Clan Henderson
Dunfaurlin
Fowk associatit wi Fife
Fowk associatit wi the Varsity o Glesga
Fowk frae Dunfaurlin
Alumni o the Varsity o St Andras
15t-century Scots poets
15t-century Scots writers

Robert Henryson


Lacey Nicole Chabert (born September 30, 1982) is an American television and movie actress. She has been in many movies and television series. She starred as Claudia in the television drama Party of Five, Dirty Deeds and performed in the movie Mean Girls in 2004. She voiced Meg Griffin in Family Guy. Chabert was born in Mississippi.

Career
In 1990, she was in the Children's Palace/Child World VHS film (videofilm) with JD Daniels. In 1992 and 1993, she played Young Cosette in the Broadway production of Les Misérables. In 1998, she acted in Lost in Space. It was her first movie. In 1998, she started doing the voice of Eliza Thornberry in the TV series The Wild Thornberrys. Chabert played Gretchen Weiners in the 2004 movie Mean Girls. She shared the prize for Best On-Screen Team at the 2005 MTV Movie Awards with Lindsay Lohan, David Collins, Rachel McAdams, Mark Wahlberg and Amanda Seyfried, and she and Collins reunited in the 2005 film Dirty Deeds. In 2006, she acted in Black Christmas film.

Personal life
Chabert was born in Mississippi. Her father is Cajun who hails from Louisiana.

References

Actors from Mississippi
American movie actors
American television actors
American voice actors
1982 births
Living people

Lacey Chabert


Leonard Harrison Aleshire (April 27, 1890 – October 15, 1987) was a versatile American vaudeville and later country music performer from the 1920s into the 1960s.  A singer, dancer and songwriter, he was also half of a musical comedy duo, Lennie and Goo Goo, with Floyd Rutledge. The pair appeared on local and national radio and television programs originating from Springfield, Missouri, during the 1940s and 50s.

Biography

Early years
Lennie Aleshire was born April 27, 1890, in Christian County, Missouri, just south of Springfield. He was playing the fiddle by age six and learned the guitar, banjo and other instruments by ear. At 15, he lived with the Creek Indians near Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, though his mother was half Cherokee. After his parents died, he lived with his brother and sister near Dadeville. Aleshire and his brother John played the fiddle; their sister Linda played guitar. The Aleshire Trio staged their first vaudeville shows at a local silent movie theater with Aleshire sometimes performing in blackface.

In 1917, Aleshire was drafted for service in World War I, but was excused because he had lost three fingers on his left hand in a sawmill accident, which led to his nickname, the One Finger Fiddler. He worked for a Kansas City saddlery, a railroad, and played professional baseball for three seasons; but returned to vaudeville, writing the song "Nixa Fling" after working as a boiler engineer at a Nixa, Missouri, cheese factory in 1926, the same year he met his wife, Mae.

Aleshire had a varied vaudeville career: he joined McMae Hill, and the troupe of magician and ventriloquist Professor Sage; and spent two years with the Cauble Brothers Circus traveling through the Midwest. He also appeared with Argentinean magician Dawes the Great, performed as a tap dancer, and toured Oklahoma with saxophonist Roy Wrightsman.

Lennie and Goo Goo
Aleshire first teamed up with his boyhood friend from Springfield, Floyd Rutledge, in the early 1920s. They developed a hillbilly musical comedy routine, playing traditional as well their homemade instruments which included cowbells strapped to their shoes. The pair toured with the Orpheum Circuit and played at the Palace Theatre in New York City. Aleshire also worked the Bert Levy West Coast vaudeville circuit. In 1928, they joined The Weaver Brothers and Elviry act, based in Springfield, and eventually became known as Lennie and Goo Goo. Aleshire served as straight man for Rutledge's slow-witted Goo Goo.

Aleshire was also a songwriter; his tune "Iva Waltz" was named for his daughter.  His "My Old Saddle Pal" was sung by Gene Autry in his 1936 film, The Singing Cowboy. Aleshire also wrote "Sleepy Time Waltz", "Ozark Waltz", "Blackberry Jam" and "Ukulele Melody". In 1939 he co-wrote "Prairie Reveries" with Buddy Starcher.

In 1937, Aleshire joined WWVA-AM's Mountaineer Jamboree in Wheeling, West Virginia, and worked with banjo player Dale Parker as part of the Rhythm Rangers for about a year. He later worked at WLW-AM in Cincinnati, Ohio; and in 1939 at WMMN-AM in Fairmont, West Virginia, where he and Rutledge became close friends with Louis "Grandpa" Jones. Jones formed an act called Grandpa Jones and his Grandsons consisting of Aleshire, Loren Bledsoe and Harold Rensler. Aleshire and Rutledge introduced Jones and Ramona Riggins to cowbells, which they adopted.

The duo returned to Springfield in the early 1940s and appeared on KGBX-AM, and Aleshire toured with Jones. In August 1944, Aleshire, Rutledge and Parker joined KWTO-AM in Springfield and were featured on Korn's-A-Krackin''', carried nationally by Mutual Radio, and other shows. When KYTV-TV's Ozark Jubilee moved to ABC in 1955, Aleshire and Rutledge went along as Lennie and Goo Goo and were mainstays on the program for more than five years.

In 1955, RCA Victor released "Ridin' The Fiddle" featuring Aleshire and Parker with King Ganam and His Sons of the West.

Later years

When Ozark Jubilee was canceled in 1960 (by then renamed Jubilee USA), Aleshire and Rutledge retired in Springfield but continued to perform; Aleshire also worked as an expert piano tuner and Rutledge, who years earlier had briefly been a local policeman, was a taxi driver (he died at age 64 in 1970). Aleshire and wife Mae had one son, Kenneth Chessnut; and daughter Iva.

Aleshire died in Springfield, Missouri, on October 15, 1987, at age 97 and was interred in Palmetto Cemetery in Greene County. His widow, Mae, died September 7, 1996.

Several of Aleshire's and Rutledge's homemade instruments are displayed at the Ralph Foster Museum at the College of the Ozarks in Point Lookout, Missouri, near Branson.

Notes

References
.The Dial (July 1947), KWTO, Springfield, MissouriThe Dial (May 1946), KWTO, Springfield, Missouri
 Ozark Jubilee Souvenir Picture Album'' (first edition, 1955)

External links

Lennie Aleshire at Hillbilly-music.com

1890 births
1987 deaths
People from Christian County, Missouri
Vaudeville performers
American country singer-songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Missouri
Blackface minstrel performers
College of the Ozarks alumni
20th-century American singer-songwriters
People from Springfield, Missouri
Country musicians from Missouri

Lennie Aleshire


Bioderma Laboratories is a privately owned French pharmaceutical company that specialises in medication for dermatological and hair/scalp conditions, as well as for Pediatry and cell regeneration. It was founded in 1977, in Aix en Provence, where its headquarters still reside. However, in 2001, the company opened its first specialised biometrology lab for skincare research and development in Lyon.
Its primary business sector is Dermatology, with products such as ABCDerm, Atoderm, Cicabio, Créaline, Hydrabio, Matriciane, Matricium, Sébium, White Objective, secure (skin care), Nodé (hair care) and Photoderm (sun care).

References

French companies established in 1977
Pharmaceutical companies of France
Pharmaceutical companies established in 1977
Companies based in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
French brands

Bioderma


The Unionist Party (Punjab) was a political party of the Punjab, British India. It was founded by Sir Fazli Husain, Sir Chotu Ram and Sir Sikandar Hayat Khanin 1923 and basically represented the Punjabi zamindar (rural/agrarian)interests. The party was secular in nature and believed in a strong and united Punjabi entity, bringing together Muslims, Hindus, Sikhs and other communities of this province,

Under the leadership of Sir Sikandar Hayat Khan, the party won the general elections of 1936 and formed a coalition government along with the Indian National Congress and Sikh Akali Dal from 1937 onwards. However, in October 1937, the Muslim members in the party were also allowed to merge with the All India Muslim League by an agreement reached between Sir Sikandar and Mr Muhammad Ali Jinnah at Lucknow. This famous agreement was called the Jinnah-Sikandar Pact.

Punjab
Pakistan Movement
1930s in India

Unionist Party (Punjab)


Mountain Air Express (MAX) was a short-lived United States commuter airline founded in 1996. The air carrier was established by Western Pacific Airlines in order to provide passenger feed.

History
It flew Dornier 328 turboprops and operated via a codeshare agreement with Western Pacific. MAX initially served such smaller communities as Aspen, CO and Casper, WY from its hub located at the Colorado Springs Airport where Western Pacific operated a hub as well.  However, flights to larger cities were subsequently operated from Denver including nonstop service to Kansas City, Oklahoma City, Salt Lake City and Tulsa.

In 1997, Western Pacific Airlines moved its hub from Colorado Springs to Denver International Airport. MAX followed Western Pacific to Denver.  Just after this move, Western Pacific announced its plans to merge with Frontier Airlines. The merger was not successful and Western Pacific declared Chapter 7 Bankruptcy in February 1998. This left MAX without a codeshare partner and it was subsequently sold in 1998 to Air Wisconsin. During the same year, United Airlines ended its codesharing agreement with United Express carrier Mesa Airlines. Great Lakes Aviation and Air Wisconsin were then selected as the new United Express carriers replacing Mesa. The purchase of MAX gave Air Wisconsin the aircraft and crews it needed for its newly expanded code sharing agreement with United Airlines.

Destinations

The following destination information is taken from Western Pacific Airlines system timetables dated June 29, 1997 and November 16, 1997, as they contained Mountain Air Express flight schedules as well. Mountain Air Express moved its hub from Colorado Springs to Denver in 1997.

 Albuquerque, NM (ABQ)
 Aspen, CO (ASE)
 Casper, WY (CPR)
 Cheyenne, WY (CYS)
 Colorado Springs, CO (COS) - Initial hub
 Denver, CO (DEN) - Subsequent hub
 Durango, CO (DRO)
 Gunnison, CO (GUC)
 Grand Junction, CO (GJT)
 Hayden, CO/Steamboat Springs, CO (HDN)
 Kansas City, KS (MCI)
 Montrose, CO (MTJ)
 Oklahoma City, OK (OKC)
 Salt Lake City, UT (SLC)
 Santa Fe, NM (SAF)
 Tulsa, OK (TUL)

Fleet

 9 Dornier 328

See also
 List of defunct airlines of the United States

References

Defunct airlines of the United States
Airlines established in 1996
Airlines disestablished in 1998

Mountain Air Express


George Taylor (November 15, 1830 – October 7, 1893) was a Union Navy sailor in the American Civil War. He was also a recipient of the Medal of Honor, which is the U.S. military's highest decoration. He got it for his actions at the Battle of Mobile Bay.

Biography
Taylor was born on November 15, 1830, in Watertown, New York. He was still living in that state when he joined the Navy. He served during the Civil War as an armorer on the . At the Battle of Mobile Bay on August 5, 1864 his ship engaged the . It was struck by a broadside at close range. The Confederate artillery shells hit Lackawanna's berth deck near the magazine. This caused mass casualties and ignited loose gunpowder. It spilled onto the floor while Lackawanna's sailors were assembling their own shells. The flames moved along a passageway towards the powder room where 17 tons of gunpowder were stored. Although he had received a wound to his forehead Taylor ran towards the fire and extinguished it with his bare hands. This saved his ship. He then returned to his duties for the remainder of the battle. While putting out the fire his hands were burned down to the bone. For this action, he was given the Medal of Honor four months later, on December 31, 1864.

Taylor's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
On board the U.S.S. Lackawanna during successful attacks against Fort Morgan, rebel gunboats and the ram Tennessee in Mobile Bay, on 5 August 1864. When an enemy shell exploded in the shellroom, Taylor although wounded went into the room and, with his hand, extinguished the fire from the explosion. He then carried out his duties during the remainder of the prolonged action which resulted in the capture of the prize rebel ram Tennessee and in the damaging and destruction of Fort Morgan.

Taylor died on October 7, 1893. He was 62 and was buried in Paragould, Arkansas.

References

Other websites

1830 births
1893 deaths
Military people from New York (state)
Military personnel of the American Civil War
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients

George Taylor (Medal of Honor)


Agilent Technologies, Inc. is a global company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, that provides instruments, software, services, and consumables for laboratories. Agilent was established in 1999 as a spin-off from Hewlett-Packard. The resulting IPO of Agilent stock was the largest in the history of Silicon Valley at the time. From 1999 to 2014, the company produced optics (LED, laser), semiconductors, EDA software and test and measurement equipment for electronics; that division was spun off to form Keysight. Since then, the company has continued to expand into pharmaceutical, diagnostics & clinical, and academia & government (research) markets.

Products and services

Agilent serves analytical laboratories and the clinical and routine diagnostics markets with a full suite of technology platforms. These include: automation, bioreagents, FISH probes, gas and liquid chromatography, immunohistochemistry, informatics, mass spectrometry, microarrays, spectroscopy, target enrichment, and vacuum technologies.

Agilent also provides lab management services, including enterprise asset management, laboratory business intelligence, equipment management and service, software maintenance, regulatory compliance, sample preparation, genomics and cloning, GC and HPLC columns, spectrometry and spectroscopy supplies, and consumables. The company is known for investing in R&D within its own research labs and those of leading universities to advance the state of knowledge in the life sciences, diagnostics, and chemical analysis space.

In recent years, the company has advanced digital lab instrumentation and technology that improves lab workflow and overall efficiency and productivity. In 2020, Agilent introduced CrossLab Virtual Assist, a mobile app that facilities high-quality remote technical support. Agilent's digital advancements, including CrossLab Connect, have also improved lab optimization and sustainability by providing more efficient utilization of instruments, which can lower a lab's energy consumption.

Agilent is also a pioneer of the target enrichment used as part of a NGS workflow. The portfolio also includes sample prep, QA/QC instrumentation, 2100 bioanalyzers, and automation tools.

In early 2023, the company announced a $725 million expansion of its nucleic acid-based therapeutics manufacturing facility in Frederick, Colorado.

History
Agilent Technologies was created in 1999 as a spin-off of several business units of Hewlett-Packard including test & measurement, optics, instrumentation and chemical analysis, electronic components, and medical equipment product lines.  The split was predicated on the difficulty of growing HP's revenue stream and on the competitive vigor of smaller, more agile competitors.  The company's launch slogan was "Innovating the HP Way", which capitalized on the strong HP corporate culture.  The starburst logo was selected to reflect "a burst of insight" (or "spark of insight") and the name "Agilent" aimed to invoke the notion of agility as a trait of the new firm.  The Agilent spin-off was accompanied by an initial public offering which raised $2.1 billion, setting a record at the time.

2000–2009
In the early 2000s, "economic uncertainty" depressed demand for Agilent's products, including slow sales of health care products to hospitals in the United States, which accounted for 60% of the company's revenue at the time.  The downturn also struck sales in the communications and semiconductor markets, where orders amounting to $500 million were canceled by buyers.  These poor economic conditions prompted large reductions in force; from a headcount in 1999 of 35,000, which had risen to 48,000 by May 2001, it had by early 2003 cut 18,500 positions.  In 2001, in midst of this downsizing, Agilent sold its health care and medical products organization to Philips Medical Systems, and was noted as having a valuation of about $11 billion.  HP Medical Products had been the second oldest part of Hewlett-Packard, acquired in the 1950s.

In August 2005, Agilent announced the sale of its business which produced semiconductor integrated circuits (known as "chips") for consumer and industrial uses to Kohlberg Kravis Roberts and Silver Lake Partners for $2.66 billion.  This move was part of a broad effort to concentrate "on the test-and-measurement business at its historic core," and would entail termination of about 1,300 of the company's 28,000 employees.  The group operated as a private company, Avago Technologies, until August 2009, when it was brought public in an IPO. After purchasing Broadcom Corporation in 2016, Avago changed its name to Broadcom Limited.

Also in August 2005, Agilent sold its 47% stake in the light-emitting diode manufacturer Lumileds to Philips for $1 billion.  Lumileds originally started as Hewlett-Packard's optoelectronics division.

Also in August 2005, Agilent announced a plan to divest its semiconductor test business, composed of both the system-on-chip and memory test market areas. Agilent listed the new company as Verigy on the Nasdaq in mid-2006.

2010 onwards
In 2009, Agilent announced the closure of a subsection of its Test & Measurement division. The product lines affected included the automated optical inspection, solder paste inspection, and automated  products [5DX] in 2004. In 2011, the company, along with the University of California, Davis, announced that it would be establishing the "Davis Millimeter Wave Research Center". Agilent announced it would increase its life sciences engagement through the acquisition of Halo Genomics, based in Uppsala, Sweden, which was involved in next-generation sequencing technology development.

On May 17, 2012, Agilent agreed to buy Dako, a Danish cancer diagnostics company, for $2.2 billion, to expand its presence in the life sciences industry.

On September 19, 2013, Agilent announced its decision to separate into two publicly traded companies: Agilent, a life sciences, diagnostics, and applied markets company, and an electronic measurement company. The life sciences company retained the Agilent name and the electronic measurement company was called Keysight Technologies. On October 14, 2014, the company announced that it is exiting its Nuclear Magnetic Resonance business. On November 1, the formal separation of Agilent and Keysight Technologies was completed. Agilent announced it had completed the spin-off of its electronic measurement business, Keysight Technologies.

Hewlett-Packard Co., Agilent's predecessor, acquired F&M Scientific Corp., maker of gas chromatographs, on August 8, 1965. In September 2015, the company announced it would acquire Seahorse Bioscience for $235 million.

On July 7, 2016, Agilent announced that they had acquired U.K. based Cobalt Light Systems, which develops and manufactures Raman spectroscopy instruments, for £40 million in cash. In December the company acquired Multiplicom N.V.

In January 2018, the company announced it would acquire Luxcel Biosciences, increasing the company's cell analysis portfolio. In May, Agilent acquired Lasergen, Inc. after the end of its two-year option on a prior investment. In the same month it acquired digital laboratory management company, Genohm, Ultra Scientific, provider of chemical standards and reference materials and Advanced Analytical Technologies, Inc. (AATI), provider of capillary electrophoresis-based molecules for $250 million in cash. In August the company announced it would acquire glycan reagent producer, ProZyme, Inc. and South Korean instrument distributor, Young In Scientific Co. Ltd. In September Agilent acquired ACEA Biosciences for $250 million increasing the company's presence in cell analysis technologies. In August 2019, Agilent acquired US-based BioTek Instruments, a designer, manufacturer, and distributor of life science instrumentation, for $1.165 billion.

See also

 Darlene Solomon
 Laboratory equipment
 Scientific instrument

Notes

References

Further reading

Books

News items

External links

1999 establishments in California
Biotechnology companies of the United States
Companies based in Santa Clara, California
Health care companies based in California
Medical technology companies of the United States
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Hewlett-Packard
Instrument-making corporations
Research support companies
Technology companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Technology companies established in 1999
Health care companies established in 1999
Corporate spin-offs
1999 initial public offerings

Agilent Technologies


The Draučiai shooting was a shooting spree that occurred in Draučiai, a small village in the Širvintos District Municipality, Lithuania on February 15, 1998, when 58-year-old Leonardas Zavistonovičius, a Polish local, killed nine Lithuanian people and wounded another, before being beaten to death. Due to the ethnicities of the perpetrator and the victims, it was speculated that the crime was politically motivated,  but the investigation proved this to be untrue: Zavistonovičius had severe mental illness.

Shooting
At approximately 4 p.m. on Sunday, Zavistonovičius armed himself with a Russian hunting rifle IZH-12 and a Czech carbine ZKK-601 with telescopic sight – both weapons were held legally with permit renewed less than a year prior to the incident. Within the next half-hour, he went to four houses where he killed nine of his neighbours and their relatives, all of them with single shots to the head or chest.

Zavistonovičius first went to the most distant farm from his house. Its owner, Jonas Bareika, was shot and killed in his bed. He also shot Bareikas' partner Marytė Rutkauskienė who at the time was making broom stalls. Afterwards, he approached Bareikas' neighbour Leonas Garbatavičius, whom he shot dead at the front door of his house. His next stop was at the Vrubliauskas farm, where he killed Vytautas Vrubliauskas and wounded his mother Jadvyga and sister Zofija. Zofija Vrubliauskaitė, who lived in Širvintos and came to visit the family on the weekend, died the same night in Širvintos hospital while undergoing surgery. Jadvyga Vrubliauskienė died a week later in Vilnius Red Cross Hospital.

The perpetrator then moved to Raudeliūnas' home, which was closest to his own house. The next victims were Vanda Raudeliūnienė and her visiting daughter Dalia Kalibatienė, who was a senior lieutenant with the Ministry of National Defence. The Kalibaitis family lived in Salininkai near Vilnius and were visiting the family. Zavistonovičius also killed a dog which attempted to defend the women. He fetched a mattress from his own house so he would not have to lay down on cold winter ground and took cover to ambush Antanas Raudeliūnas, his son-in-law Mindaugas Kalibatas, and his grandsons Vilius and Tadas. The men were gathering wood in a nearby forest. They heard the shots but were not immediately concerned as they thought it was hunters who frequented the forests. When the four men came out of the woods, Zavistonovičius first shot Mindaugas Kalibatas in the chest, but the bullet grazed, ripping a piece of flesh but not causing more serious internal damage. The perpetrator then shot Vilius as he ran to help his father. When the gunman approached them, Kalibatas and his other son Tadas attacked him, grabbed his rifles and beat him until he collapsed.

Since no one in the village had phones, Mindaugas Kalibatas drove himself and his son Vilius to a hospital in Širvintos located about  away; however, Vilius died en route. The hospital alerted the police and sent ambulances to the village. Zofija Vrubliauskaitė and Jadvyga Vrubliauskienė were found still alive. Zavistonovičius was taken into custody and died around 10 p.m. in the hospital due to a fracture in the base of his skull.

Only two inhabitants of the village were left alive, Antanas Raudeliūnas and Zavistonovičius' mother Juzefa.

Victims
Jonas Bareika, 40
Marytė Rutkauskienė, partner of Jonas Bareikas
Leonas Garbatavičius, 58
Dalia Kalibatienė, 48
Vilius Kalibatas, 17, son of Dalia Kalibatienė
Vanda Raudeliūnienė, 66, mother of Dalia Kalibatienė
Jadvyga Vrubliauskienė, 76
Vytautas Vrubliauskas, 38, son of Jadvyga Vrubliauskienė
Zofija Vrubliauskaitė, 42, daughter of Jadvyga Vrubliauskienė

Aftermath
The Lithuanian government reacted at the highest levels as it was afraid that the shooting spree was politically motivated and might provoke further violence. It occurred on the eve of the 80th anniversary of the Act of Independence of Lithuania. Zavistonovičius was a member of the Polish minority in Lithuania, which continues to have strained relationships with the Lithuanian government, while his victims were Lithuanian. Prime Minister Gediminas Vagnorius assembled a special commission to investigate the circumstances of the crime while press secretary of the Lithuanian President Algirdas Brazauskas attempted to convince the media to delay the news until Polish President Aleksander Kwaśniewski departed the celebrations in Vilnius. Minister of the Interior Vidmantas Žiemelis was sent to deliver government condolences in person. The government paid for the funerals of the victims. The funeral of the Kalibatis family in Salininkai was attended by many dignitaries, including Minister of National Defence Česlovas Stankevičius, members of the Seimas, and officers of the Lithuanian Army.

The results of the investigation were that the shooting spree was caused by a mental illness (chronic delusions similar to schizophrenia), and not a political agenda. Zavistonovičius held a gun for hunting since 1975. The permits were periodically renewed. As part of the renewal process, Zavistonovičius had to pass an examination by a psychiatrist. None of the psychiatrists who examined Zavistonovičius noticed anything suspicious, a fact which caused much controversy. During the investigation it was uncovered that in 1985 Zavistonovičius had been referred to and examined by the Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital. Zavistonovičius was married three times. The third wife separated from him just ten months before the shooting and described his morbid jealousy and persecutory delusions, even though neighbors saw him as an intelligent and helpful man. Relatives had begun noticing various symptoms since 1978, which may have been related to a car crash in 1976. In light of these findings, the prosecutor's office explored a possibility of charging the seven doctors who signed off on Zavistonovičius' gun permit with negligence. However, it was determined that the doctors were not negligent: without a centralized database, they could not know that Zavistonovičius was treated at a psychiatric hospital, and in public his symptoms were masked and controlled well enough to pass the brief examination without suspicion.

References

1998 crimes in Lithuania
1998 mass shootings in Europe
1998 murders in Europe
1990s murders in Lithuania
February 1998 events in Europe
Deaths by firearm in Lithuania
Family murders
Mass murder in 1998
Mass murder in Lithuania
Massacres in Lithuania
Spree shootings in Lithuania

Draučiai shooting


A timeline is a way of displaying a list of events in the order they happened (called chronological order). It may be in the form of a list or a graphic design. A graphic timeline typically shows a long bar labelled with dates and usually events. But it can be other layouts as well.

Uses of timelines
Timelines are often used in education. They help students and researchers understand the order or chronology of historical events for a subject. A timeline can be used to visualize the time between events, durations (such as lifetimes or wars), and the overlap of events.

History
Timelines are particularly useful for studying history, as they convey a sense of change over time. Wars and social movements are often shown as timelines. Timelines are also useful for biographies.

Project management
Another type of timeline is used for project management. They are important to help team members to know what milestones need to be achieved. It also shows the time schedule. An example is showing a project timeline for a Systems development life cycle of a computer system.

References

Statistics
Diagrams
Time

Timeline


The word Motet is a piece of music for a church service sung by a choir without using any instruments. The words are usually in Latin.  If the words are written in English for the Anglican church, it is called an anthem.

Motets have been written since the Middle Ages.  Medieval motets often had very complex rhythms.  The tenor often had the tune, which might be a folk tune, and two voices would put quite complicated accompaniments on top. The most famous medieval composer who wrote motets was Guillaume de Machaut (1300-1377)

In the Renaissance, motets were usually polyphonic. That means that the different voices (soprano, alto, tenor, bass) would be singing different parts of the melody at the same time, making it very beautiful, but quite complicated to listen to. Many composers of this time wrote motets. The most famous was Giovanni da Palestrina (1525-1594).

In the Baroque period, one of the most famous composers was Heinrich Schütz(1585-1672), who wrote motets which he called "Cantiones Sacrae" (meaning: "sacred songs").  Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) wrote six wonderful motets with German texts.  Some people think that Bach may have used a few instruments to accompany these motets. In three of them the choir divide into eight parts.

The most famous motet from the Classical period is Mozart's Ave Verum Corpus.

In the Romantic period (19th century), Anton Bruckner (1824-1896) wrote several motets which are still very popular with choirs, both in services and at concerts.
musical forms

Motet


A protocarnivorous plant is a plant that traps small animals (usually insects and arthropods) much like carnivorous plants do. Unlike carnivorous plants, these plants cannot get the nutritients from the trapped prey, though. The mechanisms of trapping are very similar to those developed by carnivorous plants. The problem is also one of definitions, as people do not agree what makes a carnivorous plant.

Types of plants

de:Fleischfressende Pflanzen#Präkarnivorie

Protocarnivorous plant


Baranjars (Balanjars, Belenjers) were a confederacy of Turkic tribes who flourished in the early Middle Ages. They are first mentioned in Arab chronicles of the 7th century. They were supposedly settled in the northern Caucasus Mountains in the 370s CE, having come to Europe with the nomadic Huns. From the second half of the 6th century they were subjected to the Göktürk Khaganate. After the collapse of the Göktürk power in the 630s they formed a state centered on the town of Balanjar on the lower Terek and Sulak rivers in Daghestan and along the western shore of the Caspian Sea. Their independence was short-lived, however, and by the end of the 630s they were incorporated into the Bulgar Khaganate and later the Khazar Khanate. In the ninth and tenth centuries some Baranjars resettled in Volga Bulgaria, to the environs of Bilär and later were absorbed into the Volga Bulgarian nation.

History of Tatarstan
Turkic peoples of Europe

Baranjars