Josiah Tshangana Gumede (* 9. Oktober 1867 in Healdtown Village bei Fort Beaufort; † 6. November 1946, auch bekannt als J. T. Gumede) war ein südafrikanischer Politiker, Anti-Apartheid-Kämpfer und von 1927 bis 1930 Präsident des African National Congress (ANC).

Leben

Ausbildung und Beruf

Gumede wurde als Sohn methodistischer Christen aus dem Zulu-Stamm der Qwabe geboren. Sein Vater war Häuptling des Stammes. Über seine Kindheit und Jugend ist wenig bekannt, er hatte einen jüngeren Bruder und drei oder vier Schwestern. Nach seiner Schulzeit 1882 oder 1883 ging Gumede auf ein Schwestercollege des St. Andrew's College nach Grahamstown, das wegen seiner Aufnahme von Schwarzen als Kaffir Institute bezeichnet wurde. Er wurde dort zum Lehrer ausgebildet und unterrichtete im Anschluss in Somerset East und in Natal, wo er schnell zum Berater (Induna) des jungen Königs Dinuzulu aufstieg. Gumede war ein scharfer Gegner des britischen Protektorats über Zululand und der Ansprüche des Oranje-Freistaats gegenüber den Zulu.

Nach dem schnell niedergeschlagenen Aufstand der Zulu gegen die Buren 1887 ging er nach Bergville und unterrichtete am Adams College, an dem auch Albert John Luthuli und John Langalibalele Dube tätig waren. Ein Besuch der Virginia Jubilee Singers führte dazu, dass Gumede mit anderen einen Zulu-Chor gründete, der schnell in der Gegend berühmt wurde und eine Tour durch Großbritannien machte. Während der Reise zerstritt sich der Chor, Gumede kehrte verarmt nach Südafrika zurück und ließ sich in Rookdale in der Nähe von Bergville nieder. Im Juni 1894 heiratete er Margareth Rachel Sithole, 1895 wurde er zum Berater und Sprecher von Häuptling Ncwadi ernannt. In dieser Funktion hatte er eine harte Auseinandersetzung mit David Giles, einem Verwaltungsbeamten, der nach Gumedes Auffassung die Grundsätze der Native Administration verletzte.

Als Politiker des ANC

Im Zweiten Burenkrieg kämpfte Gumede als Führer einer Gruppe Basotho-Scouts auf britischer Seite in der Hoffnung, ein britischer Sieg würde sich positiv auf die schwarze Bevölkerung Natals auswirken. Als die Hoffnung sich nicht erfüllte, gründete er im Juni 1900 zusammen mit Dube und anderen den Natal Native Congress (NNC), dessen Ziele die politische Bewusstseinsbildung und Sammlung von Beschwerden waren. Er fungierte zeitweise als Sekretär und Vizepräsident des Kongresses. 1905 bis 1919 war er als Grundstücksmakler in einer Anwaltskanzlei tätig und unterstützte die Landforderungen von zwei Basotho-Stämmen gegenüber dem Oranje-Freistaat. Dabei reiste er mit den Häuptlingen nach London, um eine Petition vorzutragen, die abgelehnt wurde. Bei seiner Rückkehr 1907 wurde er wegen illegaler Ausreise inhaftiert und zu zehn Pfund Strafe verurteilt. Im selben Jahr schloss er sich der Organisation Iliso Lesizwe Esimnyama (Auge der schwarzen Nation) an, die die schwarze Bevölkerung vereinen und ihren Lebensstandard heben wollte.

Der Verfassungsentwurf der Südafrikanischen Union 1909 bestärkte Gumede in seiner politischen Auffassung und Tätigkeit, da er die Stellung und Rechte der schwarzen Bevölkerung kaum berücksichtigte. Seit 1910 brachte er sich verstärkt in den NNC ein mit dem Ziel, die beiden Verbände in Pietermaritzburg und Durban zu vereinen, was 1912 zur Gründung des South African Native National Congress (SANNC) in Bloemfontein führte. Gumede wurde in den geschäftsführenden Rat gewählt und war 1913 Mitglied einer Deputation zum Inspektor der Schulen für Schwarze. 1919 war er Deputierter des SANNC für die Versailler Konferenz und mit Sol Plaatje beim britischen Premierminister David Lloyd George, beim Erzbischof von Canterbury sowie im House of Commons. Die Beschwerden, die sie vorbrachten, führten nicht zum gewünschten Erfolg, Lloyd George attestierte Louis Botha einen "edlen Charakter" und sagte nur zu, mit Jan Christiaan Smuts darüber zu sprechen, wem der SANNC seine Beschwerden vorbringen könne. Gumede blieb bis 1922 in Großbritannien und nahm Kontakt zu verschiedenen Parteien und Organisationen auf, unter anderem mit der Independent Labour Party und der pazifistischen Union of Democratic Control.

1923 wurde der SANNC in African National Congress (ANC) umbenannt, Präsident blieb Sefako Mapogo Makgatho. Zwischen Dube und Gumede kam es zu Streitigkeiten über die Ausrichtung des NNC. Während Dube eine eigenständige Partei in Abgrenzung zum ANC bevorzugte, favorisierte Gumede einen Anschluss an den ANC und gründete den Natal African Congress (NAC). Nachdem Dube und seine beiden Sympathisanten 1924 nicht wiedergewählt worden waren, wurde Gumede Präsident des NNC und kritisierte öffentlich und nachdrücklich die Gesetze über die Rassentrennung der Regierung Hertzog. Zusammen mit James La Guma von der damaligen Communist Party of South Africa (CPSA, später SACP) war er 1927 Delegierter des ANC bei der ersten internationalen Konferenz der Liga gegen den Imperialismus und koloniale Unterdrückung in Brüssel. Von dort aus besuchte er auf Einladung der Kommunistischen Partei Deutschlands Berlin. Im Juli 1927 wurde er anstelle von Zaccheus Richard Mahabane zum Präsidenten des ANC gewählt. Er bereiste in dieser Funktion die Sowjetunion und traf Josef Stalin. Obwohl Gumede liberal war, begeisterte er sich für den Kommunismus und erkannte dessen Bedeutung für den Freiheitskampf in Südafrika. Bei seiner Rückkehr im Februar 1928 wurde in Kapstadt eine Massenveranstaltung des ANC und der CPSA abgehalten, die nun zusammen für die "afrikanische Befreiung" kämpfen wollten. Er baute den Kontakt und die Zusammenarbeit mit kommunistischen Gruppen aus; nach dem Vorbild der Sowjetunion setzte er auf Massenveranstaltungen und öffentliche Kundgebungen. 1929 wurde Gumede zum Vorsitzenden der Liga gegen den Imperialismus in Südafrika und der neugegründeten Liga der afrikanischen Rechte gewählt; im selben Jahr kaufte er für den ANC die Zeitung Abantu Batho.

Abwahl als Präsident des ANC

Innerparteilich war Gumede nicht unumstritten; ihm wurde vorgeworfen, sich lieber mit dem Kommunismus als der Partei zu beschäftigen, die Finanzen zu vernachlässigen und ein schlechter Verwalter zu sein. Die Zerwürfnisse führten Anfang 1930 zu einem Rücktritt des kompletten geschäftsführenden Komitees des ANC. Thomas Mapikela wurde zum Übergangspräsidenten und bei der Wahl im April 1930 verlor Gumede gegen Pixley ka Isaka Seme. Nach seiner Abwahl war er weiterhin als Herausgeber der ANC-Zeitung tätig und wurde im Mai 1930 zum Delegierten der Konferenz der schwarzen Arbeiter in London gewählt, an der er jedoch nicht teilnehmen konnte, da ihm die Ausreise verweigert wurde. 1932 wählte ihn der Natal African Congress (NAC) zum Präsidenten, und er verstärkte seinen Kampf gegen die Regierung Hertzog, indem er 1935 die All African Convention (AAC) dazu aufrief, die Gesetze zurückzuweisen und militanter zu werden. Der Aufruf scheiterte und die AAC entschloss sich, am Native Representative Council teilzunehmen, um das System von innen zu ändern. Gumede wurde nominiert, aber nicht gewählt; 1942 wurde er nicht mehr nominiert. Bei der Jahreskonferenz des ANC 1943 ernannte die Partei ihm zum lebenslangen Ehrenpräsidenten. Kurz vor seinem Tod 1946 erlebte Gumede noch, wie der ANC sich dazu entschloss, einen radikaleren Kurs einzuschlagen.

Der ANC machte im Rahmen seiner 100-Jahr-Feier den April 2012 zum Monat der Erinnerung an Gumede. Ebenfalls im April 2012 wurde ihm postum der Order of Luthuli in Gold verliehen.

Siehe auch
 Archie Gumede, Sohn von Josiah Tshangana Gumede

Weblinks

 Lebenslauf von Gumede bei South African History Online (englisch)
 Politischer Lebenslauf von Gumede auf den Seiten des ANC (englisch; Archivversion)

Einzelnachweise

Apartheidgegner
Bürgerrechtler
ANC-Mitglied
Parteivorsitzender (Südafrika)
Südafrikaner
Geboren 1867
Gestorben 1946
Mann

Josiah Tshangana Gumede


Smooth Criminal, Michael Jackson'ın bir şarkısı ve teklisi. Nakaratı Annie are you ok? (Annie iyi misin?) cümlesinden oluşur ve ünlenmiştir. Bad albümünün bir şarkısıdır.

Şarkı hakkında
Şarkı, Bad şarkısıyla birlikte ön plana çıkmış ve döneminin meşhur bir şarkısı olmuştur. Şarkının farklı versiyonları vardır. Uzun videoda şarkıya eklemeler yapılmıştır. Dansçıların motivasyonu için Michael'ın fikri olarak klibin ortasında müzik kesilir ve herkes çığlıklar atmaya başlar. Bu sahne biter ve şarkı kaldığı yerden devam eder.

Uzun video Moonwalker'da yer almaktadır. Smooth Criminal, bir hukuk terimidir. Tam çevirisi Kusursuz Cinayet anlamındadır. Şarkıda kötü suçlara yer verilmiştir. Şarkının konusu, Annie adındaki bir kadın evine giren bir suçlunun saldırısına uğraması ve kaçamamasıdır."Moonwalker" filminin ana teması da bu şarkı üstündedir. Jackson'ın bu şarkıda geliştirdiği Anti-Gravity Lean hareketinin sırrı ayakkabısındadır. Hareketin patenti Michael Jackson'a aittir.

Canlı performanslar
Şarkı ilk olarak Jackson'un Bad World Tour'unun ikinci ayağında sergilenmiştir. Ancak bu konserlerde meşhur Anti-Gravity Lean hareketi kullanılmamıştır.
Jackson, şarkıyı Dangerous World Tour (1992-1993)'da dördüncü parça olarak seslendirdiğinde ise bu hareketi sağlayan ayakkabının patenti alınmıştı ve Michael, bu hareketi turnenin tüm ayaklarında sergiledi.
1996-1997 yılları arasında yapılan HIStory World Tour'da da şarkı beşinci sırada seslendirildi ve yine Anti-Gravity Lean hareketi bu konserlerde kullanıldı.
Jackson'un ani ölümü üzerine iptal edilen turne olan This Is It'de de sergilenmesi planlanan şarkı, bu konserlerde de Anti-Gravity Lean ile sergilenecekti.

Listeler

Dış bağlantılar
  Michael Jackson'ın web sitesi
 Smooth Criminal klibi (Türkçe altyazı)

Michael Jackson şarkıları
1988 şarkıları
1980'lerde İngilizce şarkılar

Smooth Criminal


Miodrag Bulatović (; 20 February 1930 – 15 March 1991) was a writer, novelist, journalist and playwright.

Biography
Bulatović began in 1956 with a book of short stories, Djavoli dolaze ("The Devils Are Coming", translated as Stop the Danube), for which he received the Serbian Writers Union Award. His novel The Red Rooster Flies Heavenwards, set in his homeland of northeastern Montenegro, was translated into more than twenty foreign languages. He then stopped publishing for a time, to protest against interference in his work.

His next novel, Hero on a Donkey, "A dark hot nightmare of a war novel...", was first published abroad and only four years later (1967) in Yugoslavia.

Common themes in his works are demons, evil, grotesque and black humor.

In 1975, Bulatović won the NIN Award for novel of the year for People with Four Fingers, an insight into the émigré's life. The Fifth Finger was a sequel to that book.  His last novel was Gullo Gullo, which brought together various themes from his previous books.

A library in Rakovica is named after him.

Bulatović was known "for his fierce Serbian nationalism, which earned him the enmity of other ethnic groups in Yugoslavia, and he was an official of Serbia's Socialist Party." His candidature for the President of the Association of Writers of Yugoslavia in 1986 was rejected by Slovenian, Kosovan, Montenegrin and Croatian branch of the Association contributing to the subsequent dissolution of the Association in 1989.

Works
 Stop the Danube (Djavoli dolaze, 1956)
 The Wolf and the Bell (Vuk i zvono, 1958)
 The Red Rooster Flies Heavenwards (Crveni petao leti prema nebu, 1959)
 Godot has Arrived (Godo je došao, 1966)
 Hero on a Donkey (Heroj na magarcu, 1967)
 The War Was Better (Rat je bio bolji, 1968)
 People with Four Fingers (Ljudi sa četiri prsta, 1975)
 The Fifth Finger (Peti prst, 1977)
 Gullo gullo (1981)
 Death's Lover - a series of articles in Politika newspaper (Ljubavnik smrti, 1990)

Notes

References

1930 births
1991 deaths
People from Bijelo Polje
Serbs of Montenegro
Montenegrin writers
Montenegrin male writers
Serbian writers
University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy alumni
Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery

Miodrag Bulatović


Retrato de hombre con guante es un cuadro del pintor Frans Hals, realizado en 1650, que se encuentra en el Museo del Hermitage de San Petersburgo, Rusia. Es un retrato famoso por haber pertenecido al rey de Prusia, Federico II el Grande. Para condonar algunas deudas con Rusia, la emperatriz Catalina II de Rusia se quedó un lote de cuadros entre los que estaba este.

Descripción
Se retrata a un personaje consciente de su posición superior, que mira desde arriba al espectador. En el arte de  plasmar la psicología del personaje, Hals tenía grandes capacidades.

Su brazo derecho esta flexionado, mientras la mano izquierda sujeta un guante quitado. La alternancia de la dirección de la mirada y los brazos (fuera-dentro-fuera) da dinamismo a la obra. El autor a veces solo esboza los trazos, típico de su obra.

Véase también
 Pintura barroca de Flandes

Referencias

Cuadros de 1650
Hombre con guante
Colecciones del Museo del Hermitage

Retrato de hombre con guante


La prostitution au Cambodge est illégale, mais répandue. La loi cambodgienne de 2008 sur la répression de la traite des êtres humains et de l'exploitation sexuelle est controversée, avec des préoccupations internationales concernant les violations des droits de l'homme qui en résultent, telles que décrites dans le rapport 2010 de l'ONG Human Rights Watch.

La loi complète sur la répression de la traite des êtres humains et de l'exploitation sexuelle est promulguée en 2008. Elle punit le trafic d'êtres humains, la gestion de prostituées et le maintien d'un bordel, ainsi que le racolage en public et la diffusion de pornographie. Le simple fait d'échanger du sexe contre de l'argent n'est pas interdit.

Le Women's Network for Unity est une organisation cambodgienne de travailleuses du sexe créée en 2000. Elle milite pour les droits légaux et de l'homme, et de meilleures conditions de travail pour les travailleuses du sexe, et vise à amender la loi de 2008.

En 2016, l'ONUSIDA estime qu'il y a  dans le pays, beaucoup viennent du Viêt Nam.

Historique
Les échanges sexuels existent au Cambodge depuis des siècles, mais les événements du  siècle créent une situation très instable. Pendant les années khmères rouges (1975-1979), la prostitution est complètement interdite et passible de la peine de mort, entraînant sa quasi-élimination dans un système social hautement totalitaire. Sous le nouvel État du Cambodge (1979-1993), le commerce du sexe commence à réapparaître.

Après le démantèlement de l'État cambodgien, environ  et membres du personnel civil de l'Autorité provisoire des Nations unies au Cambodge (APRONUC) arrivent au Cambodge avec de nombreuses ONG et des intérêts commerciaux de l'étranger, créant un nouveau marché pour les services sexuels dans un pays très pauvre. L'APRONUC ne fait pas grand-chose pour endiguer la croissance de la prostitution dans le pays. Norodom Sihanouk a beaucoup de réserves sur l'ensemble de l'opération APRONUC, car la présence massive de troupes étrangères de l'ONU conduit à ses yeux à la maltraitance et au déshonneur des femmes cambodgiennes.

Après le retrait de l'APRONUC en août 1993, la demande se réduit ce qui donne lieu à une baisse du nombre d'établissements de commerce du sexe et de professionnelles du sexe. À la mi-1994, les chiffres recommencent à augmenter dans une période d'instabilité politique. Au milieu des années 1990, la police harcèle les travailleuses du sexe, mais possède également de nombreux bordels, qui sont partagés entre vietnamiens ou khmers. Les travailleuses entre 15 et 18 ans ne sont pas rares, mais certains établissements, comme ceux de  et de , se spécialisent dans la fourniture de jeunes personnes.

Les ONG s'alarment de la croissance de la prostitution enfantine ainsi que du nombre de femmes et d'enfants enlevés et vendus à des fins de prostitution. En 1995, il apparaît que des femmes de certains pays voisins entrent au Cambodge. Des inquiétudes internationales sont soulevées et des opérations sont menées, dont une par l'International Justice Mission, en 2004. Cela a pour effet de déplacer les prostituées.

Le nombre de prostituées au Cambodge passe d'environ  au moment des accords de paix de Paris en 1991, à plus de 20 000 après l'arrivée du personnel de l'APRONUC en 1992, et tombe entre  et  après son retrait.

Tourisme sexuel impliquant des enfants

Le Cambodge a un tourisme sexuel impliquant des enfants. , d'autres sont attirés par ce qu'ils pensent être des offres d'emploi légitimes comme celles de serveuse. On rapporte que des proxénètes emprisonnent de jeunes enfants vierges, ne les mettant pas au travail tant qu'ils n'ont pas été présentés à une série de soumissionnaires tels que des officiers militaires de haut rang, des politiciens, des hommes d'affaires ou des touristes étrangers. Les jeunes filles travaillant dans des maisons closes sont des esclaves sexuelles. Elles ne reçoivent pas d'argent, seulement de la nourriture, et des gardes armés sont sur place pour les empêcher de s'enfuir.

Les enfants sont souvent détenus en captivité, battus et affamés pour les forcer à se prostituer. L'Agence américaine d'application de la loi sur l'immigration et les douanes extrade des touristes sexuels américains pour qu'ils soient poursuivis. Les enfants prostitués vietnamiens représentent un tiers des enfants prostitués au Cambodge, et les maisons closes cambodgiennes emploient des filles et des femmes vietnamiennes.

Prostituées étrangères au Cambodge
Des estimations non officielles en 2005 suggèrent qu'il y a jusqu'à  à Phnom Penh, et que jusqu'à 35 % d'entre elles sont amenées illégalement au Cambodge depuis la Chine ou le Viet Nam, principalement depuis les provinces du sud-ouest du Vietnam (Long An, An Giang, Song Be , Kien Giang, Dong Thap, Can Tho et Ho Chi Minh-Ville).

Violences contre les prostituées
La violence contre les prostituées, en particulier le viol collectif, appelé bauk en cambodgien, est commune. Les auteurs sont des clients et des policiers. Selon certaines sources, de telles agressions ne sont pas condamnées par la société en raison de la stigmatisation des prostituées, une enquête sur les opinions sur le bauk montre que seulement 13% des hommes et 13% des femmes interrogés considérent que le sexe forcé par un groupe d'hommes sur une prostituée est un viol. La réponse la plus courante, pour 33,4% des hommes et 40,7% des femmes, est que le bauk est dangereux en raison de la transmission potentielle de maladies sexuellement transmissible, 12,5 % des hommes et 8,1 % des femmes déclarent que le viol collectif contre les prostituées ne fait de mal à personne parce que les femmes sont des prostituées et voient beaucoup d'hommes de toute façon, tandis que 12,7% des hommes et 16,7% des femmes déclarent qu'il vaut mieux que cela arrive aux prostituées qu'aux autres femmes.

Malgré la stigmatisation sociale infligée aux prostituées, payer pour des relations sexuelles est très courant chez les hommes au Cambodge. Alors que la culture khmère exige la virginité féminine, elle lie la masculinité à l'activité sexuelle et, par conséquent, les prostituées sont l'objet de la plupart des relations sexuelles pour les jeunes hommes. La violence sexuelle contre les prostituées est également décrite dans un rapport d'Amnesty International de 2010, intitulé Briser le silence – La violence sexuelle au Cambodge.

Maladies sexuelles
Le Cambodge a une prévalence élevée de VIH et de SIDA, il est l'un des pays les plus touchés d'Asie. En 1995, entre  sont touchés par le SIDA selon une estimation de l'OMS. La transmission se fait principalement par contact hétérosexuel. Les facteurs qui y contribuent incluent la pauvreté, la présence d'autres IST qui facilitent la transmission du VIH et une main-d'œuvre très mobile. Cette tendance est également observée dans la population des travailleuses du sexe. Une amélioration est constatée au cours de la dernière décennie avec la promotion du préservatif. Depuis 2001, il existe un "programme de préservatifs 100 %", qui fait la promotion des rapports sexuels protégés.

Opposition au commerce du sexe
Le département d'État américain condamne fréquemment le Cambodge pour son commerce du sexe et dégrade la catégorisation du pays en 2004.

Somaly Mam raconte un certain nombre d'histoires anti-traite pour attirer des dons d'aide étrangère. Elle dirige la fondation AFESIP, qui aide la police à effectuer des descentes dans les hôtels et à kidnapper leurs employés.

Certains commentateurs internationaux notent que l'industrie du vêtement au Cambodge est abusive, et les efforts pour retirer les travailleuses du sexe des maisons closes et leur donner des emplois dans la confection de vêtements peuvent se retourner contre eux si certaines retournent dans les maisons closes.

Trafic sexuel

Le Cambodge est un pays d'origine, de transit et de destination pour les femmes et les enfants victimes de trafic sexuel. Les adultes et les enfants cambodgiens migrent vers d'autres pays de la région et de plus en plus vers le Moyen-Orient pour y travailler, beaucoup sont soumis au trafic sexuel. Les migrants qui utilisent les canaux de migration irréguliers, principalement avec l'aide de courtiers non agréés, sont exposés à un risque accru de traite, mais ceux qui utilisent des agents de recrutement agréés deviennent également des victimes de la traite à des fins sexuelles. Un nombre important de femmes des zones rurales sont recrutées sous de faux motifs pour se rendre en Chine afin de les marier avec des hommes chinois. Elles contractent souvent jusqu'à  de dettes envers les courtiers facilitant la transaction, certaines de ces femmes sont alors soumises à la prostitution forcée du fait de cette dette.

Les 25 provinces du Cambodge sont toutes des sources de traite des êtres humains. Le trafic sexuel est en grande partie clandestin. Les femmes et les filles cambodgiennes et vietnamiennes se déplacent des zones rurales vers les villes et les destinations touristiques, où elles sont soumises au trafic sexuel dans les maisons closes et, plus fréquemment, dans des établissements sexuels "indirects" comme les brasseries, les salons de massage, les salons, les bars karaoké, les espaces de vente au détail et les sites non commerciaux. Les hommes cambodgiens constituent la plus grande source de demande d'enfants exploités dans la prostitution, cependant, des hommes d'ailleurs en Asie et en Europe, des États-Unis, d'Australie et d'Afrique du Sud se rendent au Cambodge pour se livrer au tourisme sexuel impliquant des enfants.

Des femmes et des enfants vietnamiens, dont beaucoup sont victimes de servitude pour dettes, se rendent au Cambodge et sont soumis au trafic sexuel. Des ONG signalent que des gangs criminels transportent des victimes vietnamiennes à travers le Cambodge avant qu'elles ne soient exploitées en Thaïlande et en Malaisie. Les trafiquants au Cambodge sont le plus souvent des membres de la famille ou de la communauté, ou de petits réseaux de courtiers indépendants. La corruption endémique aide et encourage les crimes de trafic. Certains policiers auraient sollicité des relations sexuelles commerciales avec des enfants. Les fonctionnaires corrompus facilitent le trafic transfrontalier, contrecarrent les progrès des enquêtes et des poursuites et, dans certains cas, profitent directement des établissements soupçonnés de trafic.

Le Bureau de surveillance et de lutte contre la traite des personnes du département d'État des États-Unis classe le Cambodge parmi les pays de "niveau 2".

Voir aussi

 Prostitution en Thaïlande

Notes et références

Bibliographie

  International AIDS Conference 2004.
  Publisher's website.

  International AIDS Conference 2000.
  International AIDS Conference 2004.

Cambodge
Société cambodgienne

Prostitution au Cambodge


The vibraslap is a percussion instrument consisting of a piece of stiff wire (bent into a U-shape) connecting a wooden ball to a hollow box of wood with metal "teeth" inside. The percussionist holds the metal wire in one hand and strikes the ball (usually against the palm of their other hand). The box acts as a resonating body for a metal mechanism placed inside with a number of loosely fastened pins or rivets that vibrate and rattle against the box. The instrument is a modern version of the jawbone.

Invention
The vibraslap was the first patent granted to the instrument manufacturing company Latin Percussion.

The vibraslap was invented by Martin Cohen in 1967. Cohen was told by percussionist Bobby Rosengarden, "If you want to make some money, make a jawbone that doesn't break." About the inventing process, Cohen remembers, "I had never seen a jawbone before, but I had heard one on a Cal Tjader album. I found out that it was an animal skull that you would strike, and the sound would come from the teeth-rattling in the loose sockets. So I took that concept and invented the Vibraslap, which was my first patent."

Origins
The vibraslap descended from the African "jawbone". This is the lower jawbone of a donkey or a zebra which has loose teeth that rattle when the instrument is struck. The instrument was carried by enslaved people to South America where it became known as the Quijada.

References

External links

KISW Rock List of well-known Vibraslap Songs

Idiophones
North American percussion instruments
American musical instruments
20th-century percussion instruments

Vibraslap


Die Route nationale 758, kurz N 758 oder RN 758, war eine französische Nationalstraße, die von 1933 bis 1973 zwischen Port-Saint-Père und Beauvoir-sur-Mer verlief. Ihre Länge betrug 36 Kilometer.

Weblinks
 Route nationale française 758 auf WikiSara (französisch)

758
Straße in Pays de la Loire

Route nationale 758


Kantineskibet "Frikadellen", bygget 1926 på Refshaleøen, fungeret som kantine for arbejderne på Burmeister & Wain i Christianshavns Kanal i 40 år frem til 1966, senest ud for Overgaden neden Vandet 9. Frikadellen blev derefter fortøjningsbro vi Slaggemolen ved Stålvalseværket i Frederiksværk, hvor sejlbådene kunne lægge til på begge sider. Den blev mere og mere utæt, og man pumpede vandet ud for at holde den flydende. Det gik indtil en gang midt i 1980'erne, hvor den sank. Man valgte at fylde jord på Frikadellen, så der på molen kom til at opstå en knold, som i dag er på nord siden af Slaggemolen ind mod den nye lystbådehavn. Ved lavvande kan man stadig ved Nordmolen i Frederiksværk se lidt af det gamle kantineskib.

Burmeister & Wain
Christianshavn
Frederiksværk

Frikadellen


Kazuya Murata (født 7. oktober 1988) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Kashiwa Reysol.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kazuya Murata


Sertaneja es un municipio brasileño del estado de Paraná. Su población en 2005 era de 5.817 habitantes.

Historia
Sertaneja fue fundada por la Ley n.º 2/1947, del 10 de octubre de 1947 que dispuso sobre la división territorial del Estado de Paraná para el quinquenio de 1947-1951 y que dividió el municipio de Cornélio Procópio, creando tres nuevos distritos: Sertaneja, Leópolis y Congonhas. La Ley n.º 790/1951, de 14 de noviembre de 1951 que dispuso sobre la división territorial del Estado de Paraná para el quinquenio de 1952-1956, elevó el distrito de Sertaneja a municipio y su territorio fue desglosado del municipio de Cornélio Procópio.

El municipio de Sertaneja cuenta actualmente con un Distrito (Distrito de Paranagi) y algunas comunidades rurales. Su economía está basada en la agricultura, principalmente en el cultivo de soja, trigo y maíz. Hay áreas destinadas a la ganadería, sin embargo en menor extensión. El comercio es escaso, enfocado principalmente en el ramo supermercadista y en actividades relacionadas con la agricultura.

La temperatura media anual es de 21,9 °C.

La densidad pluviométrica tiene una media anual de 1.530 mm, siendo los meses entre junio y agosto el período más seco y el periodo más lluvioso los meses entre diciembre y febrero.

Deporte
La ciudad de Sertaneja tiene un club que participa en el Campeonato Paranaense de Fútbol, el Club Recreativo Sertaneja.

Referencias

Localidades de Paraná

Sertaneja


Asmara Eritre'nin başkentidir. Çeşitli sanayi tesislerinin bulunduğu şehrin nüfusu 580.000'dir.

12. yüzyılda kurulan Asmara 19. yüzyılın sonlarında İtalyan sömürge yönetimine girdi. 1930'larda inşa edilen yeni binalarla şehrin görünüşü çok değişti. İtalyanlar Asmaraya Küçük Roma ismini verdiler. Eritre'nin Etyopya'dan ayrıldığı bağımsızlık savaşı sırasında oldukça zarar gören Asmara 1993'te başkent oldu.

Afrika'daki başkentler
Eritre'deki şehirler
Afrika'daki Dünya Mirasları

Asmara


Samuel Holmes Sheppard, D.O. ( – ) was an American neurosurgeon. He was exonerated in 1966, having been convicted of the 1954 murder of his pregnant wife, Marilyn Reese Sheppard. The case was controversial from the beginning, with extensive and prolonged nationwide media coverage.

In 1966, in Sheppard v. Maxwell, the U.S. Supreme Court determined that the "carnival atmosphere" surrounding Sheppard's first trial had made due process impossible; after ten years in prison, he was acquitted at a second trial.

Early life and education

Sheppard was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the youngest of three sons of Richard Allen Sheppard, D.O. He attended Cleveland Heights High School where he was an excellent student and was active in American football, basketball, and track; he was class president for three years. Sheppard met his future wife, Marilyn Reese, while in high school. Although several small Ohio colleges offered him athletic scholarships, Sheppard chose to follow the lead of his father and older brothers and pursued a career in osteopathic medicine. He enrolled at Hanover College in Indiana to study pre-osteopathic medical courses, then took supplementary courses at The Case Institute of Technology in Cleveland during the Summer of 1943. Sheppard finished his medical education at the Los Angeles Osteopathic School of Physicians and Surgeons (now University of California Irvine) and was awarded the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) medical degree.

Sheppard completed his internship and a residency in neurosurgery at Los Angeles County General Hospital. He married Marilyn Reese on February 21, 1945, in Hollywood, California. A few years later he returned to Ohio and joined his father's growing medical practice at Bay View Hospital.

Murder of Marilyn Reese Sheppard
On the night of Saturday, July 3, 1954, Sheppard and Marilyn were entertaining neighbors at their lakefront home (which was eventually demolished in 1993). While they were watching the movie Strange Holiday, Sheppard fell asleep on the daybed in the living room. Marilyn walked the neighbors out.

In the early morning hours of July 4, 1954, Marilyn Sheppard was bludgeoned to death in her bed with an unknown instrument. The bedroom was covered with blood spatter and drops of blood were found on floors throughout the house. Some items from the house, including Sam Sheppard's wristwatch, keychain and key, and fraternity ring, appeared to have been stolen.  They were later found in a canvas bag in shrubbery behind the house.  According to Sheppard, he was sleeping soundly on a daybed when he heard the cries from his wife. He ran upstairs where he saw a "white biped form" in the bedroom and then he was knocked unconscious. When he awoke, he saw the person downstairs, chased the intruder out of the house down to the beach where they tussled and Sheppard was knocked unconscious again.

At 5:40 am, a neighbor received an urgent phone call from Sheppard who pleaded for him to come to his home. When the neighbor and his wife arrived, Sheppard was found shirtless and his pants were wet with a bloodstain on the knee. Authorities arrived shortly thereafter. Sheppard seemed disoriented and in shock. The family dog was not heard barking to indicate an intruder, and their seven-year-old son, Sam Reese "Chip" Sheppard, was asleep in the adjacent bedroom throughout the incident.

First trial

Media
Sheppard's trial began October 18, 1954, and lasted nine weeks. The murder investigation and the trial were notable for the extensive publicity. Some newspapers and other media in Ohio were accused of bias against Sheppard and inflammatory coverage of the case, and were criticized for immediately labeling him the only viable suspect. A federal judge later criticized the media, "If ever there was a trial by newspaper, this is a perfect example. And the most insidious example was the Cleveland Press. For some reason that newspaper took upon itself the role of accuser, judge, and jury."

It appeared that the local media influenced the investigators. On July 21, 1954, the Cleveland Press ran a front-page editorial titled "Do It Now, Dr. Gerber", which called for a public inquest. Hours later, Dr. Samuel Gerber, the coroner investigating the murder, announced that he would hold an inquest the next day. The Cleveland Press ran another front-page editorial titled "Why Isn't Sam Sheppard in Jail?" on July 30, which was titled in later editions, "Quit Stalling and Bring Him In!" That night, Sheppard was arrested for a police interrogation.

The local media ran salacious front-page stories inflammatory to Sheppard that contained no supporting facts or were later disproved. During the trial, a popular radio show broadcast a report about a New York City woman who claimed to be his mistress and the mother of his illegitimate child. Since the jury was not sequestered, two of the jurors admitted to the judge that they heard the broadcast but the judge did not dismiss them. From interviews with some of the jurors years later, it is likely that jurors were contaminated by the press before the trial and perhaps during it. The U.S. Supreme Court later stated that the trial was surrounded by a "carnival atmosphere".

Susan Hayes
Susan Hayes was a 24-year-old laboratory technician at Bayview Hospital in Bay village, who had an affair with Sheppard.  The prosecution attempted to show that Hayes was the motive for murder.

Defense strategy
Sheppard's attorney, William Corrigan, argued that Sheppard had severe injuries and that these injuries were inflicted by the intruder. Corrigan based his argument on the report made by neurosurgeon Charles Elkins who examined Sheppard and found he had suffered a cervical concussion, nerve injury, many absent or weak reflexes (most notably on the left side of his body), and injury in the region of the second cervical vertebra in the back of the neck. Elkins stated that it was impossible to fake or simulate the missing reflex responses.

The defense further argued the crime scene was extremely bloody, yet the only blood evidence appearing on Sheppard was a bloodstain on his trousers. Corrigan also argued two of Marilyn's teeth had been broken and that the pieces had been pulled from her mouth, suggesting she had possibly bitten her assailant. He told the jury that Sheppard had no open wounds. (Some observers have questioned the accuracy of claims that Marilyn Sheppard lost her teeth while biting her attacker, arguing that her missing teeth are more consistent with the severe beating she received to her face and skull.) However, a criminologist Paul L. Kirk later said that if the beating had broken Mrs. Sheppard's teeth, pieces would have been found inside her mouth, and her lips would have been severely damaged, which was not the case.

Sheppard took the stand in his own defense, testifying that he had been sleeping downstairs on a daybed when he awoke to his wife's screams.

Sheppard ran back downstairs and chased what he described as a "bushy-haired intruder" or "form" down to the Lake Erie beach below his home, before being knocked out again. The defense called eighteen character witnesses for Sheppard, and two witnesses who said that they had seen a bushy-haired man near the Sheppard home on the day of the crime.

Verdict
On December 21, after deliberating for four days, the jury found Sheppard guilty of second-degree murder. He was sentenced to life in prison.

Family deaths
On January 7, 1955, shortly after his conviction, Sheppard was told that his mother, Ethel Sheppard, had died from a self-inflicted gunshot. Eleven days later, Sheppard's father, Richard Sheppard, died of a bleeding gastric ulcer and stomach cancer. Sheppard was permitted to attend both funerals but was required to wear handcuffs.

On February 13, 1963, while F. Lee Bailey was pursuing the appeals process, Sheppard's former father-in-law, Thomas S. Reese, died by suicide in an East Cleveland, Ohio, motel. Reese's wife had died in 1929 when their daughter Marilyn was in grade school.

Incarceration
In 1959, Sheppard voluntarily took part in cancer studies by the Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, allowing live cancer cells to be injected into his body.

Appeals and retrial

Appeals
Sheppard's attorney William Corrigan spent six years making appeals but all were rejected. On July 30, 1961, Corrigan died and F. Lee Bailey took over as Sheppard's chief counsel. Bailey's petition for a writ of habeas corpus was granted on July 15, 1964, by a United States district court judge who called the 1954 trial a "mockery of justice" that shredded Sheppard's Fourteenth Amendment right to due process. The State of Ohio was ordered to release Sheppard on bond and gave the prosecutor 60 days to bring charges against him, otherwise the case would be dismissed permanently. The State of Ohio appealed the ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals Court for the Sixth Circuit, which on March 4, 1965 reversed the federal judge's ruling. Bailey appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which agreed to hear the case in Sheppard v. Maxwell. On June 6, 1966, the Supreme Court, by an 8-to-1 vote, struck down the murder conviction. The decision noted, among other factors, that a "carnival atmosphere" had permeated the trial, and that the trial judge, Edward J. Blythin, who had died in 1958, was biased against Sheppard because Blythin had refused to sequester the jury, did not order the jury to ignore and disregard media reports of the case, and when speaking to newspaper columnist Dorothy Kilgallen shortly before the trial started said, "Well, he's guilty as hell.  There's no question about it."

Sheppard served ten years of his sentence. Three days after his 1964 release, he married Ariane Tebbenjohanns, a German divorcee who had corresponded with him during his imprisonment. The two had been engaged since January 1963. Tebbenjohanns endured her own bout of controversy shortly after the engagement had been announced, confirming that her half-sister was Magda Ritschel, the wife of Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels. Tebbenjohanns emphasized that she held no Nazi views. On October 7, 1969, Sheppard and Tebbenjohanns divorced.

Retrial
Jury selection began October 24, 1966, and opening statements began eight days later. Media interest in the trial remained high, but this jury was sequestered. The prosecutor presented essentially the same case as was presented twelve years earlier. Bailey aggressively sought to discredit each prosecution witness during cross-examination. When Coroner Samuel Gerber testified about a murder weapon that he described as a "surgical weapon", Bailey led Gerber to admit that they never found a murder weapon and had nothing to tie Sheppard to the murder. In his closing argument, Bailey scathingly dismissed the prosecution's case against Sheppard as "ten pounds of hogwash in a five-pound bag".

Unlike the original trial, neither Sheppard nor Susan Hayes took the stand, a strategy that proved to be successful. After deliberating for 12 hours, the jury returned on November 16 with a "not guilty" verdict. The trial was important to Bailey's rise to prominence among American criminal defense lawyers. It was during this trial that Paul Kirk presented the blood spatter evidence he collected in Sheppard's home in 1955 that suggested that the murderer was left-handed (Sheppard was right-handed), which proved crucial to his acquittal.

Three weeks after the trial, Sheppard appeared as a guest on the December 7 episode of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.

After his acquittal, Sheppard worked with ghostwriter Bill Levy to write the book Endure and Conquer, which presented his side of the case and discussed his years in prison. Levy felt conflicted about collaborating with Sheppard because of his belief that Sheppard had committed the crime.

Professional wrestling career

Sheppard's friend and soon-to-be father-in-law, professional wrestler George Strickland, introduced him to wrestling and trained him for it. He debuted in August 1969 at the age of 45 as "Killer" Sam Sheppard, wrestling Wild Bill Scholl.

Sheppard wrestled over 40 matches before his death in April 1970, including a number of tag team bouts with Strickland as his partner. His notoriety made him a strong draw.

During his wrestling career, Dr. Sheppard used his anatomical knowledge to develop a new submission hold, that he called the "Mandibular Nerve Pinch".
The maneuver would go on to be renamed the "Mandible Claw" and utilized and popularized by professional wrestler Mankind in 1996.

Late medical practice, remarriage, and death
After his release from prison, Sheppard opened a medical office in the Columbus suburb of Gahanna, Ohio.  On May 10, 1968, Sheppard was granted surgical privileges at the Youngstown Osteopathic Hospital, but "[his] skills as a surgeon had deteriorated, and much of the time he was impaired by alcohol". Five days after he was granted privileges, he performed a discectomy on a woman and accidentally cut an artery; the patient died the next day.  On August 6, he nicked the right iliac artery on a 29-year-old patient who bled to death internally.  Sheppard resigned from the hospital staff a few months later after wrongful death suits had been filed by the patients' families.

Six months before his death, Sheppard married Colleen Strickland. Toward the end of his life, Sheppard was reportedly drinking "as much as two fifths of liquor a day" (1.5 liters). On  April 6, 1970, Sheppard was found dead in his home in Columbus, Ohio. Early reports indicated that Sheppard died of liver failure. The official cause of death was Wernicke encephalopathy (a type of brain damage associated with advanced alcoholism). He was buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Gardens in Columbus, Ohio.

1997 DNA test
Sheppard's body remained buried until September 1997 when he was exhumed for DNA testing as part of the lawsuit brought by his son to clear his father's name.  The DNA testing absolved Sheppard of the murder.  After the tests, the body was cremated, and the ashes were interred in a mausoleum at Knollwood Cemetery in Mayfield Heights, Ohio, along with those of his murdered wife, Marilyn.

Civil trial for wrongful imprisonment

Sheppard's son, Samuel Reese Sheppard, has devoted considerable time and effort towards attempting to clear his father's reputation.

In 1999, Alan Davis, a lifelong friend of Sheppard and administrator of his estate, sued the State of Ohio in the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas for Sheppard's wrongful imprisonment.

By order of the court, Marilyn Sheppard's body was exhumed, in part to determine if the fetus she was carrying had been fathered by Sheppard. Terry Gilbert, an attorney retained by the Sheppard family, told the media that "the fetus in this case had previously been autopsied", a fact that had never previously been disclosed. This, Gilbert argued, raised questions about the coroner's office in the original case possibly concealing pertinent evidence. Due to the passage of time on the fetus's tissues, paternity could not be established.

Richard Eberling
During the civil trial, plaintiff attorney Terry Gilbert contended that Richard Eberling, an occasional handyman and window washer at the Sheppard home, was the likeliest suspect in Marilyn's murder. Eberling found Marilyn attractive and he was very familiar with the layout of the Sheppard home.

In 1959, detectives were questioning Richard Eberling about various burglaries in the area. Eberling confessed to the burglaries and showed the detectives his loot, which included two rings that belonged to Marilyn Sheppard. Eberling stole the rings in 1958, a few years after the murder, from Sam Sheppard's brother's house, taken from a box marked "Personal Property of Marilyn Sheppard". In subsequent questioning, Eberling admitted his blood was at the crime scene of Marilyn Sheppard. He stated that he cut his finger while washing windows just prior to the murder and bled while on the premises. As part of the investigation, Eberling took a polygraph test with questions about the murder of Marilyn. The polygraph examiner concluded that Eberling did not show deception in his answers, although the polygraph results were evaluated by other experts years later who found that it was either inconclusive or Eberling was deceptive.

In his testimony in the 2000 civil lawsuit, Bailey stated that he rejected Eberling as a suspect in 1966 because "I thought he passed a good polygraph test." When it was presented to Bailey that an independent polygraph expert said Eberling either murdered Marilyn or had knowledge of who did, Bailey stated that he probably would have presented Eberling as a suspect in the 1966 retrial.

DNA evidence, which was not available in the two murder trials, played an important role in the civil trial. DNA analysis of blood at the crime scene showed that there was presence of blood from a third person, other than Marilyn and Dr. Sam Sheppard.

With regard to tying the blood to Eberling, the DNA analysis that was allowed to be admitted to the trial was inconclusive. A plaintiff DNA expert was 90% confident that one of the blood spots belonged to Richard Eberling but, according to the rules of the court, this was not admissible. The defense argued that the blood evidence had been tainted in the years since it was collected, and that an important blood spot on the closet door in Marilyn Sheppard's room potentially included 83% of the adult white population. The defense also pointed out that the results in 1955 from the older blood typing technique, that the blood collected from the closet door was Type O, while Eberling's blood type was Type A.

Throughout his life, Richard Eberling was associated with women who had suspicious deaths and he was convicted of murdering Ethel May Durkin, a wealthy, elderly widow who died without any immediate family. Durkin's 1984 murder in Lakewood, Ohio, was uncovered when a court-appointed review of the woman's estate revealed that Eberling, Durkin's guardian and executor, had failed to execute her final wishes, which included stipulations on her burial.

Durkin's body was exhumed and additional injuries were discovered in the autopsy that did not match Eberling's previous claims of in-house accidents, including a fall down a staircase in her home.  In subsequent legal action, both Eberling and his partner, Obie Henderson, were found guilty in Durkin's death. Coincidentally, both of Durkin's sisters, Myrtle Fray and Sarah Belle Farrow, had died under suspicious circumstances as well. Fray was killed after being "savagely" beaten about the head and face and then strangled; Farrow died following a fall down the basement steps in the home she shared with Durkin in 1970, a fall in which she broke both legs and both arms.

Although Eberling denied any criminal involvement in the murder of Marilyn Sheppard, Kathy Wagner Dyal, who worked alongside Eberling in caring for Ethel May Durkin, also testified that Eberling had confessed to her in 1983. A fellow convict also reported that Eberling confessed to the crime. The defense called into question the credibility of both witnesses during the 2000 civil trial. Eberling died in an Ohio prison in 1998, where he was serving a life sentence for the 1984 murder of Ethel May Durkin.

Verdict

After ten weeks of trial, 76 witnesses, and hundreds of exhibits, the case went to the eight-person civil jury. The jury deliberated just three hours on April 12, 2000, before returning a unanimous verdict that Samuel Reese Sheppard had failed to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that his father had been wrongfully imprisoned.

Invalidation of wrongful imprisonment claim
On February 22, 2002, the Eighth District Court of Appeals ruled unanimously that the civil case should not have gone to the jury, on the grounds that the statute of limitations had expired, and that a claim for wrongful imprisonment abated with Sam Sheppard's death.  In August 2002, the Supreme Court of Ohio declined to review the appeals court's decision.

Additional suspect
A 2002 book theorizes that Marilyn Sheppard was murdered by James Call, an Air Force deserter who passed through Cleveland on a multi-state crime spree at the relevant time. Pages 444-451 show multiple, comparative photographs of Major Call's Luger pistol with the blood-stained pillowcase of Marilyn Sheppard. During the original trial, the blood stain patterns were suspected of having been made by a surgical instrument, which F. Lee Bailey disproved during the 1966 retrial.

Records from the case
In 2012, William Mason, then Cuyahoga County Prosecutor, designated the Cleveland–Marshall College of Law Library  at Cleveland State University as the repository for records and other materials relating to the Sheppard case.  The law school has digitized the material, consisting of over 60 boxes of photographs, recordings, and trial exhibits, and posted portions of it online through the school's institutional repository.

In popular culture

In literature
 The 2010 novel Mr. Peanut by Adam Ross features Sam Sheppard as a New York City detective investigating a woman's death and recounting the details of his wife's murder.
 Edward D. Hoch created his famous detective Dr. Sam Hawthorne after him.
 The novel Crooked River Burning by Mark Winegardner features the Sheppard murder trial and ends with an epilogue of Sheppard's wrestling days and death.
 Helter Skelter by Vincent Bugliosi with Curt Gentry several times compares the media fanaticism of the Manson Family murders trial to that of the Sheppard case.
 Max Allan Collins's 2020 novel Do No Harm is a fictional account of a private investigator investigating the Sheppard case at the request of Eliot Ness and Erle Stanley Gardner.

In film
 The 1970 movie The Lawyer is a courtroom drama based on the Sheppard murder trial.
 The 1993 film The Fugitive is inspired by the case.
 The 2021 Hallmark Movies & Mysteries movie Reunited and It Feels So Deadly features the Sheppard Murder trial in the Real Murders Club group.

Television
 The television series The Fugitive and the 1993 film of the same name have been cited as being loosely based on Sheppard's story. This claim has always been denied by their creators.
 The TV series American Justice produced an episode based on this case titled "The Sam Sheppard Story".
 An episode of the Cold Case television series titled "Schadenfreude" is based on this case.
 Guilty or Innocent: The Sam Sheppard Murder Case (1975), starring George Peppard, is a television movie about this case.
 The Law & Order television series episode "Justice" is based on Sam Reese Sheppard's mission to clear his father's name.
 My Father's Shadow: The Sam Sheppard Story (1998), starring Peter Strauss, is a television movie about this case.
 The TV series The New Detectives aired an episode about the forensic testing of the evidence in this case, both at the time of Sheppard's indictment and during the later efforts to vindicate him.
 The TV series Notorious produced an episode about this case titled "The Sam Sheppard Story".
 The Nova television series episode "NOVA: The Killer's Trail – The Story of Dr. Sam Sheppard" includes a reconstruction of the Sheppard house, examines previously ignored evidence, and offers the opinions of forensic experts.
 The educational television series Our Living Bill of Rights, produced by Encyclopædia Britannica Films, covers the Sheppard trial in the episode "Free Press vs. Trial By Jury: The Sheppard Case" (also called "Free Press vs Fair Trial By Jury"). The program contains documentary film footage, interviews with Sheppard and Bailey and a dramatization of the activity in the Sheppard home at the time of the murder. The program may be viewed on this site: http://www.historicfilms.com/tapes/15618 (the opening and closing title sequences are omitted, and is entirely in black and white – the original contained some color footage).
 The BBC Four documentary series Catching History's Criminals: The Forensics Story episode (S01E02; 2015) "Traces of Guilt" examined the case, with particular regard to bloodstain evidence and bloodstain pattern analysis.
 The Investigation Discovery series A Crime to Remember details the evidence and Sam Sheppard's story in the Season 3 episode "The Wrong Man", first aired December 15, 2015.

See also
 List of premature professional wrestling deaths

References

Bibliography
Bailey, F. Lee (1971). The Defense Never Rests. New York: Stein and Day Publishers.

Holmes, Paul (1961). The Sheppard Murder Case. New York: David McKay Company, Inc.

Pollack, Jack Harrison (1972). "Dr. Sam: An American Tragedy". Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.
Seltzer, Louis B. (1956). "The Years Were Good". Cleveland, Ohio: The World Publishing Company.
Sheppard, Dr. Sam (1966). Endure and Conquer. Cleveland, Ohio: The World Publishing Company.
Sheppard, Dr. Stephen (1964). My Brother's Keeper. New York: David McKay Company. Inc.

External links

 Trials of Sam Sheppard
 Nova: The Killer's Trail Complete transcript of the 1999 Nova program and resources.
 FBI file on Sam Sheppard at vault.fbi.gov
 FBI file on Marilyn Sheppard at vault.fbi.gov

1923 births
1970 deaths
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American trials
American male professional wrestlers
Burials in Ohio
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Neurological disease deaths in Ohio
Hanover College alumni
History of Cleveland
American neurosurgeons
People acquitted of murder
Physicians from Cleveland
People from Bay Village, Ohio
Professional wrestlers from Ohio
University of California, Irvine alumni
20th-century American physicians
Burials at Knollwood Cemetery
American osteopathic physicians
Unsolved murders in the United States
Criminal trials that ended in acquittal
American people wrongfully convicted of murder
20th-century surgeons
Cleveland Heights High School alumni

Sam Sheppard


ساجي المرشد (1931 - 1998) إمام الطائفة المرشدية استلم زمام الأمور في الطائفة المرشدية بعد أن اغتيل مجيب سلمان المرشد صاحب الدعوة المرشدية في 27 نوفمبر 1952، وعلى عاتقه قامت التطورات الأهم في تاريخ هذه الطائفة مرفقة بكافة الأزمات والتطورات السلبية والإيجابية المؤثرة على طائفته والمرتبطة بالمنطقة.

أهم إنجازاته السياسية
1- حماية الطائفة المرشدية خلال الصراع السياسي القائم في سوريا في الفترة الممتدة من منتصف الخمسينيات إلى سنة 1970، حيث كان السيطرة على قرار الطائفة المرشدية المتماسكة هدفا مشتركا لدى كل القوى (السلطة السورية بعد الانقلاب على الشيشكلي- القوميين السوريين كحزب يرغب بالسلطة وله وجوده العسكري في الجيش- سلطة جمال عبد الناصر في عهد الوحدة- البعثيين في فترتي ميشيل عفلق وصلاح جديد)، حيث عمل ساجي بما استطاع على حماية الطائفة من محاولات ابتلاعها فكان أن تعرض ساجي وإخوته وجماعته للسجن والاضطهاد والإقامات الجبرية.
2- أثناء المحاولة الانقلابية لرفعت الأسد، كان موقف ساجي حازما في موضوع الوقوف إلى جانب حافظ الأسد، رغم أن سرايا الدفاع (القوة العسكرية الضاربة لرفعت الأسد) كانت ترتكز في جزء مهم منها على المرشديين، لذلك وبشكل كبير فإن خروج حافظ الاسد من هذه الازمة كان بفضل المرشديين.

أما على الصعيد الاجتماعي:

1- إعطاء المرأة المرشدية حقوقا تجعلها في مساواة الرجل تماما، ففي حين أن المرأة العلوية لا تدخل في الدين الباطني (تعلم الأسرار الدينية والصلاة والمعرفة الروحية) فإن المرأة المرشدية لا يحجب عنها أية معارف روحية خاصة بالطائفة، إضافة لذلك مساواتها في الإرث والقيمة الاجتماعية.

2- الإلغاء التام للحالة الكهنوتية، حيث أصبح المختصين بتعليم الصلاة وعقد الزيجات (يسمونهم الملقنين) ينتخبون انتخابا حرا من قبل أبناء المنطقة الخاصة بهم وفق شروط أخلاقية وموضعية وثقافية معينة (التحصيل العلمي والصدق والأمانة).

3-إظهار المرشدية كحالة اجتماعية ثقافية لا سياسية ولا عرقية مما استتبع انفتاح الطائفة على محيطها بشكل واضح.

مراجع

شخصيات دينية سورية مسلمة
وفيات 1998

ساجي المرشد


Richard Overton (born August 10, 1954) is an American screenwriter, actor and comedian. His writing credits include Dennis Miller Live, and his acting credits include Beverly Hills Cop, Million Dollar Mystery, Groundhog Day and Mrs. Doubtfire.

Life and career
Overton was born in Forest Hills, Queens, New York, the son of Nancy Overton (née Swain), a singer, and Hall Overton, a teacher and music arranger. He grew up in Englewood, New Jersey, where he attended Dwight Morrow High School.

Overton made his first onscreen appearance in the 1982 film Young Doctors in Love, followed by a small role in Airplane II: The Sequel later that year. In 1987, he wrote an episode of The New Adventures of Beans Baxter while also appearing in various films and television shows including Willow, Amazing Stories and Million Dollar Mystery.

In 1992, he landed a role in the FOX Network sketch comedy show The Edge. The show ended in 1993. Later that year, Overton appeared in two episodes of Seinfeld and landed a small role in Mrs. Doubtfire. The following year, he won an Emmy for writing an episode of Dennis Miller Live.

In 2005, Overton appeared on Alias and Joan Of Arcadia; in the latter he played God explaining to the title character the meaning of real wealth. He also portrayed both H.G. Wells and Orson Welles in a podcast episode of The Radio Adventures of Dr. Floyd that same year.

In 2009, Overton appeared in the film A Fork in the Road alongside Jaime King.

Overton appeared in a General Electric commercial as the father who wants his son to have his grandfather's hammer.

Filmography

Target...Earth? (1980, Documentary) – Himself
Young Doctors in Love (1982) – Dr. Thurman Flicker
Airplane II: The Sequel (1982) – Clerk
Beverly Hills Cop (1984) – Bonded Warehouse Night Supervisor
Odd Jobs (1986) – Roy
Gung Ho (1986) – Googie
A Fine Mess (1986) – Companion
Modern Girls (1986) – Marsalis
Million Dollar Mystery (1987) – Stuart Briggs
Willow (1988) – Franjean
Traxx (1988) – Frank Williams
Earth Girls Are Easy (1988) – Dr. Rick
That's Adequate (1989) – Stand-up Comic
A Sinful Life (1989) – Janitor
Blind Fury (1989) – Tector Pike
The Rocketeer (1991) – South Seas Patron
Galaxies Are Colliding (1992) – Rex
Groundhog Day (1993) – Ralph
Mrs. Doubtfire (1993) – Maitre D'
The High Crusade (1994) – Sir Roger
Devil in the Flesh (1998) – Dr. Milletson
My Giant (1998) – Director
EDtv (1999) – Barry
Jackpot (2001) – Roland
Extreme Honor (2001) – Dr. Lumber
Shoot or Be Shot (2002) – Sasha
Eight Legged Freaks (2002) – Deputy Pete Willis
Northfork (2003) – Rudolph
Motocross Kids (2004) – Hook
Serial Killing 4 Dummys (2004) – Mr. Korn
Off the Lip (2004) – McReady
Taxi (2004) – Man at Taxi Convention
Fat Albert (2004) – Coach Gillespie
Frostbite (2005) – Bartender
A Lot Like Love (2005) – Tailor
Keep Your Distance (2005) – Dr. Floyd Beasley
Popstar (2005) – Mr. Thomas
Fun with Dick and Jane (2005) – Head Shop Clerk
Blue Sombrero (2005) – General Hard / Fabio / Major Cajones
Cloud 9 (2006) – Buckner
Billy Schulz (2006) – Billy Schulz
The Last Stand (2006) – Redneck Heckler
Comedy Hell (2006) – Wayne
The Tripper (2006) – Mayor Hal Burton
The Astronaut Farmer (2006) – Arnold 'Arnie' Millard
National Lampoon's Pledge This! (2006) – Janitor Jones
Chasing Robert (2007) – Thadeus Wrazinski
The Metrosexual (2007) – Meter Maid
A Plumm Summer (2007) – Agent Brinkman
Totally Baked (2007) – Himself – Street Interview
Cloverfield (2008) – Frantic Man
So Long Jimmy (2008) – Dimitri Adams
The Whole Truth (2009) – Uri Standinoff
Year One (2009) – Sodom Officer Rick (uncredited)
The Informant! (2009) – Terry Wilson
A Fork in the Road (in post-production, 2010) – Sheriff Thompson
Jelly (Post-Production, 2010) – Tad Wasserstein
Dinner for Schmucks (2010) – Chuck – Beard Champion
InSight (2011) – Det. Gehrke
Bad Teacher (2011) – Philip
Frogtown (2011) – Steve
The Babymakers (2012) – Officer Raspler
Noobz (2012) – Martin Wilson
A Haunted House 2 (2014) – Professor Wilde
Such Good People (2014) – Sidney Talmadge
Muffin Top: A Love Story (2014) – Steve
Lethal Seduction (2015) – Deacon Williams
Body High (2015) – Abe
30 Years of Dark Seduction (2015) – Himself
Dave Made a Maze (2017) – Hobo
Literally, Right Before Aaron (2017) – Dean
A Futile and Stupid Gesture (2018) – First Publisher
Duck Duck Goose (2018) – Stanley (voice)

Television

Remington Steele (1 episode, 1983) – New Wave Cop
Help Wanted: Kids (1986) – Photographer
Double Switch (1987) – DeeJay
Amazing Stories (1 episode, 1987) – John Aubrey
Jonathan Winters: On the Ledge (1987, TV Movie) – Additional Improviser
Encyclopedia Brown (1 episode, 1989) – Buddy Claggett
Babes (10 episodes, 1990) – Ronnie Underwood
Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventures (1991) – Rufus
The Edge (7 episodes, 1992–1993)
Seinfeld (2 episodes, 1993) – The Drake
Attack of the 5 Ft. 2 Women (1994, TV Movie) – Officer Brown
Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (2 episodes, 1994–1995) – Victor
Duckman (1 episode, 1995) – (voice)
Encino Woman (1996, TV Movie) – Raji
The Single Guy (2 episodes, 1996) – Carl Gannon / Gannon
Married... with Children (2 episodes, 1996) – Dr. Fisher
Ned and Stacey (1 episode, 1997) – Rod
ER (1 episode, 1997) – Mr. McNamara
The Weird Al Show (1 episode, 1997) – Mr. Molasses
Mad About You (2 episodes, 1998) – Earl / Shepherd
Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show (1 episode, 1998) – George
It's Like, You Know... (2 episodes, 1999–2001) – Evan / Milosevic
The Secret Adventures of Jules Verne (5 episodes, 2000) – Count Gregory
Charmed (3 episodes, 2000) – Triad Member #3
JAG (1 episode, 2001) – William Markey
Curb Your Enthusiasm (1 episode, 2001) – Angry Gentile
Comic Remix (1 episode, 2002)
My Guide to Becoming a Rock Star (11 episodes, 2002) – Dole Greyson
NYPD Blue (1 episode, 2002) – Richard Webb
According to Jim (1 episode, 2004) – Rick
Six Feet Under (1 episode, 2004) – Thomas Sheedy
Joan of Arcadia (1 episode, 2004) – Bad Stand-Up Comedian God
Alias (1 episode, 2005) – Alexei Vasilevich
Family Plan (2005, TV Movie) – Owens
Lost (1 episode, 2005) – Matthew Reed
Van Stone: Tour of Duty (2006, TV Movie) – Gary Seibert's Dad
Rodney (1 episode, 2006) – Max
Drive (1 episode, 2007) – Bank Manager
Leverage (3 episodes, 2008–2009) – Taggert / FBI Agent Taggert
The Office (2 episodes, 2009) – William Beesly
 The George Lucas Talk Show (1 episode, 2020) – Self

Video game
The Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction (2005)

Writer
An Evening at the Improv (1 episode, 1983)
The New Adventures of Beans Baxter (1 episode, 1987)
Dennis Miller Live (Unknown episodes, 1994)

Awards and nominations
Emmy Awards
Nominated: Outstanding Writing for a Variety or Music Program, Dennis Miller Live (1997)
Won: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Writing for a Variety or Music Program, Dennis Miller Live (1996)

Writers Guild of America Award
Nominated: Comedy/Variety (Including Talk) – Series, Dennis Miller Live (1997)

References

External links
www.realrickoverton.com

Rick Overton on MySpace
Rick Overton interviewed about growing up with a jazz legend father

1954 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male screenwriters
American male comedians
Dwight Morrow High School alumni
Male actors from New Jersey
Male actors from New York City
People from Forest Hills, Queens
People from Englewood, New Jersey
Primetime Emmy Award winners
20th-century American male actors
Comedians from New York City
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
Screenwriters from New York (state)
Screenwriters from New Jersey

Rick Overton


Ivica Zubac (Mostar, 18. ožujka 1997.) hrvatski je košarkaš koji igra na mjestu centra. Nastupao je za NBA momčad Los Angeles Lakers, koja ga je   odabrala na NBA Draftu 2016. godine.
Trenutno igra za NBA momčad Los Angeles Clippers.

Karijera

Hrvatska
Igračku karijeru započeo je kao srednjoškolac u Ciboni. U sezoni 2013./14. zaigrao je za KK Zrinjevac, svoj prvi seniorski klub. Sljedeće sezone vraća se u Cibonu, gdje je nakon odlaska Darija Šarića zaigrao u prvoj momčadi zajedno s Nikom Slavicom i Antom Žižićem. Nastupio je u više utakmica ABA lige i Europskog kupa. U veljači 2016., nakon što je nakratko bio igrač Cedevite, odlukom Hrvatskog košarkaškog saveza vraćen je pod okrilje Cibone, ali je nakon neslaganja oko plaće napustio klub i potpisao za srbijansku momčad Mega Leks iz Beograda. Sa srbijanskom momčadi igrao je poluzavršnicu borbe za prvaka, ostvarujući učinak od 10,9 poena i 5,1 asistencije po utakmici.

Lakersi
Nakon što u 2. krugu NBA Drafta sredinom lipnja 2016. izabran od strane Los Angeles Lakersa, 7. srpnja potpisuje trogodišnji ugovor s klubom. Prilikom potpisivanja ugovora, čelnici kluba istaknuli su kako "Zubac ima svijetlu budućnost" te kako je "veliki mladi talent i osvježenje za ekipu". Kasnije je Zubac izjavio kako je potpisivanje ugovora s Lakersima ostvarenje njegovih dječačkih snova te kako je od samoga početka bavljenja košarkom za cilj imao igranje u NBA ligi.

Za Lakerse je debitirao 2. studenog 2016. protiv Atlanta Hawksa. Tijekom pet minuta igre zabio je 6 poena, ali je zbog tri prekršaja ubrzo otišao na klupu. Tijekom polovice naredne sezone, igrao je 10 susreta, a svoj prvi double-double ostvario je u siječnju 2017.   u porazu svoje momčadi protiv Denver Nuggetsa. Zubac je za 26 minuta provedenih na parketu postigao 11 poena, 13 skokova, tri blokade i po jednu ukradenu loptu i asistenciju. Istovremeno, to mu je bila utakmica s najdužom minutažom od potpisivanja ugovora s Lakersima (26 minuta). Krajem istog mjeseca, u susretu s istom momčadi (Denver Nuggetsima) ostvario je dotad najbolju utakmicu u NBA-iju; u 26 minuta igre zabio je 17 koševa i imao 6 asistencija.

Clippersi
U pobjedi nad Indianom (114:100), krajem studenoga 2022., ubacio je 31 koš i 29 skokova, što je najveći broj skokova za Clipperse u razdoblju od 34 godine. Učinku je dodao po tri asistencije i bloka. To je ujedno i najbolji učinak s više od 30 koševa i 25 skokova uz više od 80% učinkovitosti iz igre od Shaquillea O'Neala u ožujku 2004.

Osobni život
U razgovoru za internetski portal Scena.hr, izjavio je kako su mu najveći uzori Dražen Petrović i Dino Rađa, koji je također igrao na mjestu centra.

Izvori

Životopisi, Mostar
Košarkaški centri
Hrvatski košarkaši iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Košarkaši Cibone Zagreb
Hrvatski košarkaši u NBA ligi
Hrvatski košarkaški reprezentativci

Ivica Zubac


Samir Lima de Araújo (født 25. oktober 1981) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Samir Lima de Araújo


Acushnet may refer to some locations in the United States:

Acushnet, Massachusetts, a town
Acushnet Center, Massachusetts, in the town of Acushnet
Acushnet Company, golf equipment manufacturer
Acushnet Heights Historic District, New Bedford, Massachusetts
The Acushnet River of southeastern Massachusetts

Also, the first whaling ship on which Herman Melville served was the Acushnet.

Acushnet


Condylocarpon est un genre de lianes néotropicales appartenant à la famille des Apocynaceae, comportant 7 espèces et dont l'espèce type est Condylocarpon guyanense Desf..

Le nom Condylocarpon signifie fruit articulé (carpon, du grec « καρπός » - fruit, et condylo-, du grec « κόνδυλος » - articulation).

Diagnose
En 1822, le botaniste Desfontaines propose la diagnose suivante :

Espèces
Selon  :

Bibliographie

Références

Références taxinomiques

Rauvolfioideae
Genre d'Apocynaceae (nom scientifique)

Condylocarpon


جيوفاني اسكيابارِلّي  (14 مارس 1835 – 4 يوليو 1910) عالم فلك إيطالي. درس في جامعة تورينو ومرصد برلين وعمل لأكثر من أربعين عاما في مرصد بريرا.

أخوه هو المستشرق تشيلستينو سكيابارلي.

اكتشافاتة
رصد بعض الأجسام في النظام الشمسي، وقام بتسمية البحار والقارات بعد رصد المريخ. في بداية 1877 اعتقد أنه رصد ظواهر أطلق عليها اسم كانالي ، وبعد عقود عديدة من هذا الاكتشاف اتضح أنها مجرد خداع بصري.

26 أبريل 1861 واكتشف الكويكب هيسبريا 69 .

اكتشف الفلكي الإيطالي جيوفاني شيابارللي مجموعة من الخطوط تربط بين مناطق المريخ الداكنة. وقد سمى شياباريللي هذه الخطوط بكلمة ممرات، ولكن تُرجمت هذه الكلمة من الإيطالية إلى الإنجليزية إلى قنوات. ونتيجة لهذا الخطأ، ظن بعض العلماء أن هذه الخطوط قنوات مائية شيّدها نوع من الجنس البشري. ويعرف الفلكيون الآن أن هذه القنوات لم تنشأ قط على المريخ. جمع مجلة الولف نقلاً عن الشرق الأوسط

في عام 1877 قام الفلكي الإيطالي جيوفاني شيباريلي برصد المريخ أثناء اقترابه من الأرض فأكد أنه رأى أقنية تغطي سطحه! وقد بدت له هذه الأقنية عامي 1879، 1882 تامة الاستقامة مما يعطي احتمال بناءها من قبل سكان المريخ! وأطلق شيباريلي على هذه الأقنية اسم Canali وبعد أن ترجمت كتابات شيباريلي إلى الإنكليزية دفعت هذه الـ Canali (والتي أصبحت Canals) الفلكي الأميركي برسيفال لويل إلى القيام مع ويليم بيكرنغ بتجهيز مرصد في أريزونا لمراقبة المريخ أثناء اقترابه عام 1894، استنتج لويل بعدها صحة ما ذهب إليه شيباريلي، حتى أنه نشر عام 1895 كتاباً وضح فيه حججه حول وجود حياة ذكية على المريخ! …تجميع مجلة الولف نقلاً عن الجمعية الكونية السورية

وفاته
توفي جيوفاني في 4 يوليو 1910 و قد تم تسمية إحدى فوهات المريخ بإسمه تخليداً لذكراه و قد ورد ذكرها في رواية سجين المريخ لآندي ويير .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أعضاء أجانب في الأكاديمية الوطنية الأمريكية للعلوم
أعضاء أجانب في الجمعية الملكية
أعضاء شرفيون في أكاديمية سانت بطرسبرغ للعلوم
أعضاء مجلس شيوخ مملكة إيطاليا
حاصلون على ميدالية بروس
حاصلون على ميدالية ذهبية في الجمعية الفلكية الملكية
خريجو جامعة تورينو
فلكيون إيطاليون
فلكيون إيطاليون في القرن 19
مكتشفو كويكبات
مواليد 1835
وفيات 1910
وفيات في ميلانو

جيوفاني سكيابارلي


Kanal 7 est une chaîne de télévision gabonaise généraliste communautaire crée en 2004 qui à cessé d'émettre officiellement en 2019 pour laisser sa place à « Gabon Culture ».

Histoire de la chaîne

Kanal 7 est une télévision communautaire créée le , à Koulamoutou, au Gabon. La chaîne a lancé officiellement en 2014 à Libreville sa nouvelle grille des programmes et son nouveau positionnement de télédiffusion qui s'étend alors à tout le pays et même à l'international. Pour sa deuxième phase de lancement, elle arrive sur le satellite. La chaîne est rétrocédée à l'État gabonais en 2017. Cependant, faute de moyens, elle disparaît progressivement.

Diffusion

Programmes
La chaîne diffuse des émissions ainsi que des programmes généralistes tel que Sans Tabou ou encore Sun 7. Elle a notamment été choisie pour diffuser la série Parents mode d'emploi.

Notes et références

Télévision au Gabon

Kanal 7


Merve Çoban (25 de janeiro de 1993) é uma carateca turca, medalhista olímpica.

Carreira

Çoban conquistou a medalha de bronze nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio, após confronto na semifinal contra a sérvia Jovana Preković na modalidade kumite feminina até 61 kg. Em 2015, ela conquistou a medalha de prata em sua categoria nos Jogos Europeus de 2015 em Baku, no Azerbaijão.

Ligações externas
Merve Çoban no Karate Records

Caratecas da Turquia
Caratecas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Merve Çoban


Alpagrostis, rod trajnica iz porodice travovki smješten u podtribus Agrostidinae. Rod je nastao 2020. izdvajanjem nekih vrsta iz roda Agrostis. Pripadaju mu četiri vrste rasprostranjenih po Europi i Maroku, od kojih jedna raste i u Hrvatskoj, to je planinska ili alpska rosulja, Alpagrostis alpina (sin. Agrostis alpina Scop.).

Vrste
 Alpagrostis alpina (Scop.) P.M.Peterson, Romasch., Soreng & Sylvester
 Alpagrostis barceloi (L.Sáez & Rosselló) P.M.Peterson, Romasch., Soreng & Sylvester
 Alpagrostis schleicheri (Jord. & Verl.) P.M.Peterson, Romasch., Soreng & Sylvester
 Alpagrostis setacea (Poir.) P.M.Peterson, Romasch., Soreng & Sylvester

Izvori

Agrostidinae

Alpagrostis


Erika "Aya" Eiffel (auch Erika La Tour Eiffel, geb. Erika LaBrie; * 19. Juni 1972 in La Plata, Maryland) ist eine US-amerikanische Bogenschützin und Aktivistin, die vor allem durch ihre Beziehung mit dem Eiffelturm bekannt wurde. Ihre "Eheschließung" mit der Pariser Sehenswürdigkeit löste ein weltweites Medienecho aus, darüber hinaus wurde Eiffel bekannt als Mitbegründerin von OS Internationale, das sich für die Belange von Objektsexuellen einsetzt.

Biografie
Erika Eiffel wurde als Erika LaBrie in Maryland geboren, wuchs aber in Maine bei Pflegefamilien auf. Schon als Kind interessierte sie sich für Kampfkunst. Nach Beendigung ihrer Schullaufbahn ging LaBrie zur Ellsworth Air Force Base, wo sie als Meteorologin sowie auf dem Kampfjet F-15 als Kopilotin ausgebildet wurde. Ihr gelang die Aufnahme in die United States Air Force Academy. Daneben vertiefte sie auf der Luftwaffenbasis ihre Kenntnisse in verschiedenen asiatischen Kampfkunststilen.

Nach einem Vorfall, bei dem LaBrie ein Opfer sexueller Belästigung wurde und sich mit einem japanischen Holzschwert verteidigte, unterbrach sie ihre militärische Laufbahn und ging 1994 für zwei Jahre nach Japan. LaBrie kehrte 1996 in die Vereinigten Staaten zurück, konnte aber aus gesundheitlichen Gründen ihre Karriere bei der US Air Force nicht fortsetzen. Sie zog daraufhin erneut nach Japan.

In Japan widmete sich LaBrie zunächst verschiedenen Disziplinen des Schwertkampfes, unter anderem errang sie den dritten Dan in Iaidō. Als sie aufgrund einer Rückenverletzung diesen Sport aufgeben musste, begann sie sich ab 1999 für die japanischen Bogenschießkünste Kyūdō und Yabusame zu interessieren. Sie bewies ein großes Talent in diesem Sport und stellte mehrere japanische Rekorde im Bogenschießen auf. 2002 verließ LaBrie endgültig Japan und trat fortan für die Vereinigten Staaten bei internationalen Bogenschießwettbewerben an. Sie erreichte Top-10-Platzierungen in internationalen Einzelwettbewerben, gewann mehrere nationale Meisterschaften und war zwischen 2004 und 2009 mehrmals Mitglied der US-amerikanischen Nationalmannschaft.

Objektsexualität

Bereits als Kind war Erika LaBrie von verschiedenen Gegenständen fasziniert, zu denen sie eine intensive Beziehung aufbaute. Neben dem japanischen Schwert, das sie in der United States Air Force Academy besaß, und ihrem ersten Sportbogen zählte auch ein F-15-Kampfflugzeug zu den Objekten, die LaBrie emotional anzogen.

Im Januar 2004 besichtigte Erika LaBrie zum ersten Mal den Eiffelturm in Paris. LaBrie entwickelte eine besondere Beziehung zu dem Bauwerk, das sie in den folgenden Jahren regelmäßig besuchte. Am 8. April 2007 "heiratete" sie schließlich in einer privaten Zeremonie und im Beisein enger Freunde den Eiffelturm. Zwar haben die Behörden die Eheschließung nicht anerkannt, eine Namensänderung wurde aber gewährt, so dass La Brie seit 2007 den offiziellen Namen Erika Eiffel trägt.

Mit ihrer symbolischen Hochzeit bekannte sich Erika Eiffel öffentlich zu ihrer Objektsexualität. Die Bezeichnung für diese seltene sexuelle Ausrichtung geht auf die Schwedin Eija-Riitta Eklöf-Berliner-Mauer zurück, die im Jahr 1979 die Berliner Mauer "ehelichte". Erika Eiffel gründete im Februar 2008 zusammen mit dem Deutschen Oliver Arndt die Webseite Objectum Sexuality Internationale (OS Internationale), das als ein weltweites Forum für Objektophile und als Informationsplattform über Objektsexualität dient.

Durch die Gründung von OS Internationale wurden die Medien aufmerksam auf Eiffel. Zahlreiche Interviews erschienen; der britische Fernsehsender Channel Five porträtierte Eiffel in einem Dokumentarfilm. Anlässlich ihres zweiten "Hochzeitstages" trat Erika Eiffel in der Nachrichtensendung Good Morning America auf, weitere Fernsehauftritte folgten. Wurde Objektsexualität bislang als eine Skurrilität wahrgenommen, so hatte der Fall von Erika Eiffel das Interesse von Sexualwissenschaftlern geweckt, 2010 wurden erste wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen zum Thema publiziert. Eiffel betrachtet ihre Objektsexualität nicht als Fetischismus, sondern als eine sexuelle Orientierung. Ihre Beziehung zum Eiffelturm sei von "tiefen spirituellen und hohen emotionalen Gefühlen" geprägt, eine sexuelle Handlung im herkömmlichen Sinne finde dabei nicht statt.

Leben in Berlin

2009 zog Erika Eiffel von Kalifornien nach Berlin. Sie blieb weiterhin dem Eiffelturm verbunden, doch rückte nun ihre Leidenschaft für die Berliner Mauer in den Mittelpunkt. Bereits in den 1980er Jahren war sie von der Mauer fasziniert, verdrängte diese Emotionen allerdings jahrelang. 2008 sprach Eiffel erstmals öffentlich über ihr Interesse an der Berliner Mauer, als sie an der Seite von Eija-Riitta Eklöf-Berliner-Mauer in dem Dokumentarfilm Berlinmuren auftrat. Der Film des norwegischen Künstlers Lars Laumann wurde im Rahmen der 5. Berlin Biennale für zeitgenössische Kunst produziert. Auch Erika Eiffel hat sich künstlerisch mit der Berliner Mauer auseinandergesetzt, im Herbst 2008 wurden im Mauermuseum mehrere von Eiffel gestaltete Nachbildungen der Mauer ausgestellt.

Nach einer Umschulung war LaBrie Kranführerin geworden. 2013 gewann sie die Weltmeisterschaft der Damen im Fahren von Turmdrehkränen. Beim Richtfest des Humboldtforums Berlin am 12. Juni 2015 manövrierte sie den Richtkranz auf den Rohbau.

Basierend auf Erika Eiffels Liebesbeziehungen zum Eiffelturm und zur Berliner Mauer entstand 2010 das Musical Erika's Wall, das 2010 von der Music Theatre Company in Highland Park, Illinois uraufgeführt wurde.

Weblinks

 Objektsexualität Internationale

Einzelnachweise

Aktivist
Bogenschütze (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1972
Frau

Erika Eiffel


Friluftsbadet i  Aalborg var et populært badeområde i form af et område udstykket direkte af Limfjordens vande. Oprindeligt var området indhegnet med faste åbningstider. Der var en afskærmet svømmepøl med springvippe, brusebade og toiletter, et område med strandkant samt et afgrænset område direkte i Limfjorden, hvor der blev foretaget Open Swim svømmeture.

Stedet blev oprindeligt oprettet af den tyske besættelsesmagt i 1940'erne som en vandflyver-plads. I 1947 blev området ombygget og gjort tilgængeligt som folkelig friluftsbad. I 2015 blev det nedslidte anlæg af Friluftsbadet lukket ned for at gennemgå udvidelse for at genopstå som Vestre Fjordpark.

Friluftsbadets adresse var Skydebanevej 14 i Vestbyen, Aalborg.

Referencer

Aalborg
Etableret i 1947
Svømmebade

Friluftsbadet


Dimitrie (Tache) Petre Anastasiu () a fost un jurist și politician român din secolul al XIX-lea, membru fondator al Partidului Național Liberal din România, la 24 mai 1875.

A fost prefect al județului Tecuci (1877-1878, 1881-1891), apoi deputat sau senator liberal pentru județele Tutova, Tecuci și Covurlui.

Biografie
În anul 1881 Tache Anastasiu a cumpărat de la Emanoil Conachi-Vogoride, fiul Cocuței Vogoride și nepotul lui Costache Conachi, conacul și moșia de la Țigănești.

În articolul "Pașa de Tecuci", publicat la 4 iulie 1884 în ziarul Vocea Covurluiului, gazetarul A. Radu elogia personalitatea lui Tache Anastasiu, care a realizat atâtea lucruri într-un timp scurt. Ziaristul enumera astfel realizările prefectului: "a început și terminat lucrările la șoselele din Tecuci, a terminat anul trecut o frumoasă clădire pentru școala de băieți nr. 1, acum se ridică un nou local pentru școala de băieți pe locul dăruit de D. Tache Anastasiu, localul școlii de fete nr. 1 se ridică acum, palatul justiției cu o sală mare pentru Curtea de jurați s-a terminat acum doi ani, palatul Primăriei cu etajul de sus pentru primirea oaspeților este terminat, un teatru frumos s-a ridicat în Tecuci care servește și ca hală pentru expoziție, un turn de observație, iar comunele rurale le-a dotat cu localuri de școală".

Boierul Dimitrie P. Anastasiu a murit în anul 1900. În semn de recunoștință față de donatorul Tache Anastasiu, Academia Română a construit în curtea bisericii, în partea de nord, un cavou din marmură albă și o cruce neagră din marmură neagră de Carrara cu o înălțime de 4,50 m. Pe crucea neagră se află o inscripție simplă: "TACHE P. ANASTASSIV 1836-1900".

Donații
Prin testamentul său, întocmit la 27 decembrie 1897, el și-a lăsat întreaga avere Academiei Române. Înaltul for cultural al României a înființat Fundația Tache Anastasiu, prin care a înființat o școală primară în conacul din Călmățui și o școală agricolă (Școala de Agricultură a Academiei) la conacul din Țigănești. Lângă conacul din Călmățui au fost construite și alte anexe care vor fi utilizate drept internat pentru copiii care nu erau din sat. Orice copil care era bun la învățătură urma să fie ajutat financiar și îndrumat spre școli universitare.

De asemenea, Academia Română trebuia să se îngrijească și de biserica din Călmățui, ocupându-se de achiziționarea și păstrarea celor necesare desfășurării activității religioase, precum și de plata salariilor preoților, cântăreților și a paracliserului. Prin testament, Tache Anastasiu cerea ca hramul bisericii să fie schimbat, fiind ales ca ocrotitor Sfântul Mare Mucenic Dimitrie. În fiecare an, de sărbătoarea hramului, urma să se facă o slujbă de pomenire a binefăcătorului și familiei sale.

Conacul Tache Anastasiu din Călmățui, construit la sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea lângă biserica "Sf. Gheorghe", este inclus pe aceeași listă a monumentelor istorice, cu codul GL-II-m-B-03076.

Imagini

Note

Vezi și
 Biserica Sfântul Dimitrie din Călmățui
 Conacul poetului Costache Conachi

Legături externe
 Și statuile vorbesc

Nașteri în 1836
Decese în 1900
Deputați români
Grupul fondator al Partidului Național Liberal
Membri ai Partidului Național Liberal
Politicieni români din secolul al XIX-lea
Români din secolul al XIX-lea
Filantropi români
Prefecți români

Tache Anastasiu


කලාත්මක සෙරමික් භාණ්ඩ කර්මාන්තයට අයත් වන්නේ කර්මාන්ත ශාලා වල නිර්මාණය වුණු සැරසිලි හෝ කලාකරුවන්ගේ වර්ණ ගැන්වීම් පිඟන් භාණ්ඩ මත සිදු කළ ඒවාය. එසේත් නැතහොත් කර්මාන්තමය පසුබිමක් ඇති කලාත්මක එකතුවකි. ඒවා බොහෝ විට හැදින්වෙන්නේ සොයාගත් පුද්ගලයාගේ නමින් හෝ නිෂ්පාදිත වෙළද නාමයෙනි. සාමාන්‍යයෙන් කර්මාන්තමය සෙරමික් භාණ්ඩ එක් ආකාරයක් නොවන අතර බොහෝ විට අනුකරණිත භාණ්ඩ වෙළද පොළේ විකිණේ. එහිදි සීමිත හෝ මහාපරිමාණ නිෂ්පාදන ක්‍රම භාවිතා වේ. ඇතැම් කර්මාන්ත ශාලා ගුණාත්මක අමුද්‍රව්‍ය විචිත්‍ර පින්තාරු ක්‍රම හා ඔප දැමීම් සදහා ප්‍රසිද්ධ වේ. බොහෝ භාණ්ඩ අලංකාර සැරසිලි සහිතය. මේ අතර තවත් ඒවා භාවිතය සදහා නිමවුම යන අදහස ඇතිව උපයෝගිතාව සදහා නිර්මාණය කොට ඇත.

කෙසේවෙතත් ඒවාද කලාකෘති වශයෙන් සලකනු ලබයි. කර්මාන්තමය පිඟන් භාණ්ඩ වෙළද නාමයෙන් හෝ විශේෂිත ශෛලීන් තුලින් හදුනාගත හැක. උදා -

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramics_%28art%29#Industrial_art_ceramics

කලාත්මක සෙරමික් කර්මාන්ත


Locomotiva Thomas și prietenii săi este o serie de televiziune bazată pe Seria Căilor Ferate scrisă de Wilbert Awdry, în care este prezentată viața unui grup de locomotive și vehicule cu trăsături umane, ce trăiesc pe Insula Sodor.

Acest articol se referă la Sezonul 18. A fost produs în anul 2014-2015 de David Stoten și Don Spencer

Difuzare în România
Acest sezon este difuzat pe postul TV Minimax și este dublat în limba română.

Sezonul 18

Locomotiva Thomas și prietenii săi

Locomotiva Thomas și prietenii săi - Sezonul 18


Der Deutsche Schifffahrtstag (ehemals Deutscher Seeschifffahrtstag) (DST) ist ein Forum für die Schifffahrt, den Schiffbau, die Hafenwirtschaft und alle, die sich diesen Bereichen zugehörig fühlen. Er wird in der Regel alle drei Jahre an wechselnden Orten vom Deutschen Nautischen Verein in Zusammenarbeit mit den jeweils örtlichen Nautischen Vereinen ausgerichtet. Die Bedeutung der Deutschen Schifffahrtstage wird seit 1972 durch die Schirmherrschaft des jeweiligen Bundespräsidenten unterstrichen.

Geschichte
Der Grundstein für den ersten Deutschen Seeschifffahrtstag wurde 1909 durch einen gemeinsamen Verbandstag des Deutschen Nautischen Vereins und dem Verband Deutscher Seeschiffer-Vereine gelegt. Die bis 1914 jährlich in Berlin durchgeführten Veranstaltungen hatten schnell die Rolle eines "Nautischen Parlaments" übernommen. Auf den zweitägigen Beratungen wurden alle anstehenden Themen der Seeschifffahrt in Kommissionen erörtert. Die Reichsregierung griff die erarbeiteten Vorschläge und Empfehlungen auf und beachtete sie weitgehend bei den Beratungen als Gesetzgeber. Der anfangs etwas abfällig bezeichnete "Deutsche Seeschifffahrtstag" wurde schnell zu einem geachteten Synonym für die fachliche Beratung anstehender Themen im maritimen Bereich und zu Situationsdarstellungen in Schifffahrt, Schiffbau, Hafenwirtschaft sowie der in diesem Umfeld tätigen Personen und Organisationen.

Nach einer durch den Ersten Weltkrieg verursachten Zwangspause von sechs Jahren fand 1920 in Bremen ein Neubeginn statt. Bis 1928 fanden die Deutschen Seeschifffahrtstage weiterhin jährlich statt, jetzt jedoch an unterschiedlichen Orten. Dann wurde aufgrund wirtschaftlicher Zwänge die nächste Veranstaltung immer wieder um ein Jahr verschoben und auf Grund der politischen Umwälzung 1933 endgültig zu den Akten gelegt. Erst gegen Ende der fünfziger Jahre, nachdem der Deutsche Nautische Verein 1954 seine Arbeit wieder aufgenommen und der Verband Deutscher Reeder 1957 einen Seeschifffahrtstag durchgeführt hatte, wurde 1959 mit dem 16. Deutschen Seeschifffahrtstag wieder an die Tradition angeknüpft. Dieser Neubeginn startete wiederum in Bremen und seither wird die Veranstaltung in wechselnden Hafenstädten ausgerichtet. Mit dem Ziel, das maritime Bewusstsein in Deutschland zu stärken, wurden die Deutschen Seeschifffahrtstage durch ein "Maritimes Schaufenster" mit Schiffsbesuchen (Open Ship), Ausstellungen und weiteren Aktionen ergänzt.

Für die kommende Durchführung in Bremen und Bremerhaven kommen der Bundesverband der Deutschen Binnenschifffahrt und der Deutsche Marinebund als Partner dazu. Folgerichtig wurde der Deutsche Seeschifffahrtstag dadurch zum Deutschen Schifffahrtstag.

Siehe auch
 Nationale Maritime Konferenz

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Seefahrt (Deutschland)
Nautik
Verkehrsveranstaltung in Deutschland
Veranstaltung (Schifffahrt)
Binnenschifffahrt (Deutschland)
Liste (Schifffahrt, Deutschland)
Liste (Veranstaltungen)

Deutscher Schifffahrtstag


ගෘහස්ථ ගෝලීය තොරතුරු පද්ධතියක සංකල්පය අවම තරමින් ඇසිසැක් ඇසිමොව් ගේ "ඇනිවර්සරි" කෙ‍ටිකතාව (1959 මාර්තු, ඇමේසින්ගේ ස්ටෝරීස්) තෙක් වත් ආපසු දිවෙයි. එහිදි එම චරිත, පෘතුවි අභ්‍යන්තරයේ ඇති සුපිරි පරිගණකයකට විශ්ව විසිරි පරිපථ ජාලයක් හරහා සම්බන්ධිත මල්ටිවැක් අවුල් ලට් (Multivac outlet) ලෙස හදුන්වන ගෘහස්ථ පරිගණකයක් තුලවු තොරතුරු විමසා බලයි. එක් චරිතයක් ඔහුගේ දරුවන් සඳහා මල්ටිවැක් Jr. ආකෘතියක් ස්ථාපනය කිරීමට සිතයි.

එම කථාව ගොඩ නැගි ඇත්තේ වාණිජ අභ්‍යවකාශ ගමන් සුලභ ඈත අනාගතයකය. එහිදි යන්ත්‍රය පිලිතුරු පටි කැබැල්ලක මුද්‍රණය කරන අතර එය කවුළුවක් තුළින් එළියට පැමිණේ. එහි විඩියෝ සංදර්ශණයක් නැත. ගෘහස්ථ පරිගණකයේ අයිතිකරු පවසන්නේ ඔහු කථා කරන මල්ටිවැක් අව්ට්ලට් එකක් ගැනීමට මුදල් වියදම් නොකරන බවයි.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_wide_web#History_in_literature

විශ්ව විසිර වියමන (World wide web) - සාහිත්‍යයේ වු ඉතිහාසය


Miguel Apostolio, en griego Μιχαήλ Μιχαῆλος Ἀποστόλης o Ἀποστόλιος, (Constantinopla, 1422 - Creta, 18 de julio 1478) fue un escritor, profesor y copista bizantino.

Biografía
Se sabe poco de su juventud. Fue hecho cautivo durante la toma de Constantinopla por los otomanos (1453). Un año después fue liberado y se dirigió a Creta, que entonces estaba en poder de los venecianos. Poco después viajó a Italia, donde se convirtió en uno de los griegos más influyentes de la curia romana y donde conoció a Basilio Besarión. Por encargo de éste se estableció en la ciudad cretense de Candia (hoy Heraklion), como recolector y copista de manuscritos; probablemente también trabajó como profesor de griego desde 1466. Después de la muerte de su protector, intentó en vano establecerse en Italia como profesor, y murió en Creta en 1478 tras una larga enfermedad.

Obras
Su mayor obra es una Colección de refranes (Συναγωγὴ παροιμιῶν), que incluye joyas como Ἐδίδαξά σε κυβισᾷν, καὶ σὺ βυθίσαι με ζητεῖς "Yo te enseñé a mear y tú quieres inundarme" (6.49).

Se conservan además 124 cartas y algunos discursos y epigramas suyos.

Bibliografía
 D. J. Geanakoplos: Greek Scholars in Venice. Studies in the Dissemination of Greek Learning from Byzantium to Western Europe. Cambridge, Mass. 1962, S. 73–110
 A. Hohlweg: Artikel Apostolios. In: Tusculum-Lexikon griechischer und lateinischer Autoren des Altertums und des Mittelalters. München und Zürich 1982, S. 69
 H. Noiret: Lettres inédites de Michel Apostolis. Paris 1889
 Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit. Wien 1976–1996, Nr. 1201
 A.-M. Talbot: Artikel Apostoles, Michael. In: A. Kazhdan (Hg.): The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York und Oxford 1991, Band I, S. 140f.

Enlaces externos
 Συναγωγὴ παροιμιῶν. Texto original de la Recopilación de refranes en la Bibliotheca Augustana.

Humanistas del Imperio bizantino
Bizantinos del siglo XV
Escritores bizantinos del siglo XV
Humanistas del Renacimiento

Miguel Apostolio


Ali Faik al-Ghabban (, also written Ali Faiq al-Ghabban or Ali Faek al-Ghadban) was Minister of Youth and Sports in the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003 and in the Iraqi Interim Government. A Shia Muslim, al-Ghabban is a supporter of the Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council.

References

Government ministers of Iraq
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq politicians

Ali Faik al-Ghabban