HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I is a double album containing the ninth studio album and first greatest hits album of material released on the Epic label by American singer Michael Jackson, released on June 20, 1995. It was Jackson's fifth album released through Epic Records, and the first on his label MJJ Productions. It comprises two discs: HIStory Begins, a greatest hits compilation, and HIStory Continues, comprising new material written and produced by Jackson and collaborators. The album includes appearances by Janet Jackson, Shaquille O'Neal, Slash, and the Notorious B.I.G. The genres span R&B, pop, and hip hop with elements of hard rock and funk rock. The themes include environmental awareness, isolation, greed, suicide, injustice, and Jackson's conflicts with the media.

Starting in the late 1980s, Jackson and the tabloid press had a difficult relationship. In 1993, the relationship between Jackson and the press collapsed when he was accused of child sexual abuse. Although he was not charged, Jackson was subject to intense media scrutiny while the criminal investigation took place. Several of the album's 15 new songs pertain to the child sexual abuse allegations made against him in 1993 and Jackson's perceived mistreatment by the media, mainly the tabloids. Because of this, HIStory has been described as Jackson's most "personal" album.

HIStory debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart in the United States, and in nineteen other countries. Seven singles were released, including the protest songs "Earth Song" and "They Don't Care About Us". "Scream", a duet between Jackson and his sister Janet, became the first song to debut in the top five of the US Billboard Hot 100, reaching number five. "You Are Not Alone" was the first song in history to debut at number one on the Billboard Hot 100; it was Jackson's final number-one single on that chart. Though the album received generally positive reviews, the lyrics of "They Don't Care About Us" drew accusations of antisemitism; Jackson said they had been misinterpreted and replaced them on later pressings of the album.

Jackson later embarked on the HIStory World Tour, which grossed $165 million (equivalent to $268 million in 2019), making it the highest-grossing solo concert tour of the 1990s. It was Jackson's third and final concert tour as a solo artist. The album has sold over 20 million copies worldwide, making it one of the best-selling albums of all time, and one of the best-selling multi-disc albums of all time. In August 2018, it was certified 8× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). It was nominated for five Grammy Awards at the 1996 Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year, winning Best Music Video – Short Form for "Scream". Jackson won an American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Male Artist at the 1996 American Music Awards.

Background
Starting in the late 1980s, Jackson and the tabloid press had a difficult relationship. In 1986, tabloids claimed that Jackson slept in a hyperbaric oxygen chamber and had offered to buy the bones of Joseph Merrick (the "Elephant Man"), both of which Jackson vehemently denied. These stories inspired the derogatory nickname "Wacko Jacko", which Jackson despised. He stopped leaking untruths to the press, and the media began creating their own stories. In 1989, Jackson released "Leave Me Alone", a song about the victimization he felt by the press.

In 1993, the relationship between Jackson and the press collapsed when he was accused of child sexual abuse. Although he was not charged, Jackson was subject to intense media scrutiny while the criminal investigation took place. Complaints about the coverage and media included misleading and sensational headlines; paying for stories of Jackson's alleged criminal activity and confidential material from the police investigation; using unflattering pictures of Jackson; and using headlines that strongly implied Jackson's guilt. In 1994, Jackson said of the media coverage: "I am particularly upset by the handling of the matter by the incredible, terrible mass media. At every opportunity, the media has dissected and manipulated these allegations to reach their own conclusions."

Jackson began taking painkillers, Valium, Xanax and Ativan to deal with the stress of the allegations. A few months after the allegations became news, Jackson stopped eating. Soon after, Jackson's health deteriorated to the extent that he canceled the remainder of his Dangerous World Tour and went into rehabilitation. Jackson booked the whole fourth floor of a clinic and was put on Valium IV to wean him from painkillers. The media showed Jackson little sympathy. In 1993, the Daily Mirror held a "Spot the Jacko" contest, offering readers a trip to Disney World if they could correctly predict where Jackson would appear next. The same year, a Daily Express headline read "Drug Treatment Star Faces Life on the Run", while a News of the World headline accused Jackson of being a fugitive; these tabloids also falsely alleged that Jackson had traveled to Europe to have cosmetic surgery that would make him unrecognizable on his return. In early November 1993, talk show host Geraldo Rivera set up a mock trial with a jury of audience members, though Jackson had not been charged with a crime.

Content
HIStory was Jackson's first studio album since his 1991 album Dangerous and his first new material after being accused of child sexual abuse.  The album comprises two discs. The first, HIStory Begins, is a compilation of songs from Jackson's albums Off the Wall (1979), Thriller (1982), Bad (1987) and Dangerous (1991). The second, HIStory Continues, comprises new material recorded from September 1994 to March 1995. Jackson co-wrote and co-produced a majority of the new songs; other writers include Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis, Dallas Austin, the Notorious B.I.G., Bruce Swedien, R. Kelly and René Moore, and other producers include David Foster and Bill Bottrell.

Similarly to Thriller and Bad, HIStory contains lyrics that deal with paranoia. Several of the album's 15 new songs pertain to the child sexual abuse allegations made against him in 1993 and Jackson's perceived mistreatment by the media, mainly the tabloids. Because of this, the album has been described as being Jackson's most "personal". Two of the album's new tracks are covers. The genres of the songs on the album span R&B, pop, and hip hop with elements of hard rock ("D.S.") and funk rock ("Scream"), and ballads. The lyrics pertain to isolation, greed, environmental concerns, injustice. "Scream" is a duet with Jackson's sister Janet; with "spitting" lyrics about injustice.

The lyrics for the R&B ballad "You Are Not Alone", written by R. Kelly, pertain to isolation. Two Belgian songwriters, brothers Eddy and Danny Van Passel, claimed to have written the melody in 1993. In September 2007, a Belgian judge ruled the song had been plagiarized from the Van Passel brothers, and it was banned from radio play in Belgium. "D.S.", a hard rock song, has lyrics about a "cold man" named "Dom S. Sheldon". Critics interpreted it as an attack on Thomas Sneddon, who had led the prosecution in Jackson's trial.

"Money" was interpreted as being directed at Evan Chandler, the father of the boy who accused Jackson of child sexual abuse. The lyrics of "Childhood" pertain to Jackson's childhood. Similar to "Scream", the lyrics to "They Don't Care About Us" pertain to injustice, as well as racism. In "This Time Around", Jackson asserts himself as having been "falsely accused". The song includes a guest rap by the Notorious B.I.G. (aka Biggie Smalls). "Earth Song" was described as a "slow blues-operatic", and its lyrics pertain to environmental concerns. On HIStory, Jackson covered Charlie Chaplin's "Smile" and the Beatles' "Come Together".

"2 Bad" was influenced by hip-hop, with a sample of Run–D.M.C.'s "King of Rock" and another guest rap verse by Shaquille O'Neal. The similarity in lyrics and name have led to some seeing it as a spiritual successor to Jackson's 1987 track, "Bad". "Stranger in Moscow" is a pop ballad that is interspersed with sounds of rain, in which Jackson references a "swift and sudden fall from grace". "Tabloid Junkie" is a hard funk song with lyrics instructing listeners to not believe everything they read in the media and tabloids. The album's title track, "HIStory" contained multiple samples, including Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech. "HIStory" was not released as a single from HIStory, but its remix was from Blood on the Dance Floor: HIStory in the Mix in 1997.

As an introduction for "Little Susie", Jackson used his own variation of Pie Jesu from Maurice Duruflé's Requiem. Some speculate, the inspiration behind the song likely came from an artist called Gottfried Helnwein. An urban legend states that Little Susie was written about a girl called Susie Condry who was murdered in 1972. However no evidence of this event can be found. Jackson admired Helnwein's work and had purchased some of his paintings. One of them, "Beautiful Victim", inspired the song. Helnwein later painted a portrait of Michael. There appears to be a similarity between the "Beautiful Victim" painting and the artwork included for the song in HIStory.

Controversy

Accusations of antisemitism
On June 15, 1995, The New York Times said that "They Don't Care About Us" contained antisemitic slurs in the lines "Jew me, sue me, everybody do me / Kick me, kike me, don't you black or white me". In a statement, Jackson responded:

Jackson's manager and record label said the lyrics opposed prejudice and had been taken out of context. The following day, David A. Lehrer and Rabbi Marvin Hier, leaders of two Jewish organizations, stated that Jackson's attempt to make a song critical of discrimination had backfired. They felt the lyrics might be ambiguous and were unsuitable for young audiences because they might not understand the song's context. They acknowledged that Jackson meant well and suggested that he write an explanation in the album booklet. In his review of HIStory, Jon Pareles of The New York Times wrote that the song "gives the lie to his entire catalogue of brotherhood anthems with a burst of anti-Semitism".

On June 17, Jackson promised that future copies of the album would include an apology, and concluded: "I just want you all to know how strongly I am committed to tolerance, peace and love, and I apologize to anyone who might have been hurt." On June 23, Jackson announced that "Jew me" and "kike me" would be replaced with "do me" and "strike me" on future copies of the album. He reiterated his acceptance that the song was offensive to some. Spike Lee, who would direct the music videos for "They Don't Care About Us", said that he felt there was a double standard in the music industry, and that the word "nigger" in music does not cause controversy. Rapper Notorious B.I.G. used the word "nigga" on another song on the album, "This Time Around", but it did not attract media attention.

Music videos

HIStorys music videos displayed different themes and elements, while some of them encouraged awareness of poverty and had a positive effect on their shooting locations. The promo for "They Don't Care About Us" was directed by Spike Lee; Jackson said that Lee chose to direct the video because the song "has an edge, and Spike Lee had approached me. It's a public awareness song and that's what he is all about. It's a protest kind of song... and I think he was perfect for it." Jackson also collaborated with 200 members of the cultural group Olodum, who played music in the video. The resulting media interest exposed Olodum to 140 countries, bringing them worldwide fame and increasing their status in Brazil. Lúcia Nagib, of The New Brazilian Cinema, said of the music video:

In 2009, Billboard described the area as "now a model for social development" and stated that Jackson's influence was partially responsible for this improvement. For the first time in Jackson's career, he made a second music video for a single. This second version was filmed in a prison with cellmates; the video shows Jackson handcuffed and contains real footage of police attacking African Americans, the Ku Klux Klan, genocide, execution, and other human rights abuses. Jackson's music video for "Earth Song" received praise for its environmental recognition. In 1995, the video received a Genesis Award for Doris Day Music Award, given each year for animal sensitivity. In 2008, a writer for the Nigeria Exchange said that "'Earth Song' drew the world's attention to the degradation and bastardization of the earth as a fall out of various human activities".

Two other music videos from HIStory have been influential. Jackson's "Stranger In Moscow" music video influenced the advertising campaign for International Cricket Council Champions Trophy 2004, which featured "a series of smart outdoor ads and a classy TV spot". The television commercial was inspired by "Stranger In Moscow"s video where "the maiden in black splash about in the rain, with kids playing cricket for company". "Scream" was a creative influence on other music videos such as "No Scrubs" (1999) by TLC. This influence was also present on the 2008 release of "Shawty Get Loose" by rapper Lil Mama.

Promotion
 Sony Music spent $30 million to promote the album, one of the most expensive promotional campaigns ever for an album. The music press were anticipating how well it would sell. One analyst for SoundScan expressed the opinion that the press was out of touch with the public when it came to Jackson; the public liked him, while the press did not. He believed that "naysayers" in the media would be left surprised with the commercial reception.

Also, during this period of time, Jackson did a series of personal appearances, becoming the first time that he faced the public eye following the allegations. On June 14, 1995, Jackson did the interview TV special "Primetime Live" along with his then wife Lisa Marie Presley and the interviewer Diane Sawyer. The special was watched by an audience 60 million in the United States and 500 millions worldwide. However, it received mixed reviews by critics. On September 7, 1995, he opened the MTV Video Music Awards with a 15 minutes medley.

"Smile", "This Time Around" and "D.S." were released as promotional singles in 1995 and December 1997. Due to lack of radio airplay, "Smile" and "D.S." did not chart on any music charts worldwide. "This Time Around", was released as a radio-only single in the United States in December 1995. The song peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot R&B Singles chart and at number 18 on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart solely off radio airplay.

To promote the album, Jackson embarked on the HIStory World Tour, which grossed $165 million (equivalent to $268 million in 2019). It was Jackson's third and final concert tour as a solo artist. The tour, beginning in Prague, Czech Republic on September 7, 1996, attracted more than 4.5 million fans from 58 cities in 35 countries around the world. The average concert attendance was 54,878 and the tour lasted 82 tour dates. Jackson performed no concerts in the United States, besides two concerts in January 1997 in Hawaii at the Aloha Stadium, to a crowd of 35,000 each; he was the first artist to sell out the stadium. VIP seats cost, on average, $200 per person. Each concert lasted an estimated two hours and ten minutes. The tour concluded in Durban, South Africa on October 15, 1997.

The album cover depicts a 10-foot sculpture of Jackson in a "warrior-like" pose, created in 1994 by Diana Walczak. To promote the tour, Epic placed ten 30-foot replicas of the statue in locations around the world, including the River Thames in London, Alexanderplatz in Berlin, Eindhoven in the Netherlands, and the pedestal of the destroyed Stalin Monument in Prague. The statues were built over three months by a team of 30, made from steel and fiberglass, and weighed around 20,000 pounds each. Another statue, built from wood and plaster, was placed at the Los Angeles Tower Records store. In 2016, the original statue was installed at the Mandalay Bay casino in Las Vegas.

Singles
Six singles were released from HIStory. "Scream"/"Childhood" was the first single released in May 1995. "Scream" was sung and performed by Jackson and his sister Janet Jackson. The single had the best ever debut at number five - where it peaked, on the Billboard Hot 100. The song received a Grammy nomination for "Best Pop Collaboration With Vocals". The music video for "Scream" is one of Jackson's most critically acclaimed songs and music videos, receiving numerous awards. With a US$9 million music video production budget, "Scream" is the most expensive music video ever made as of 2015.

"You Are Not Alone" was the second single released from HIStory. Having debuted at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 on September 2, 1995, it became the first song to debut at number one on the chart, succeeding the record previously held from Jackson's "Scream" single. "You Are Not Alone" was released in August 1995, and it topped the charts in various international markets, including the United Kingdom, France, and Spain. The song was seen as a major artistic and commercial success.

"Earth Song" was the third single released in November 1995. "Earth Song" did not chart on Billboard 100. Internationally, the song topped four countries' charts, as well as charting within the top-ten in nine other nations. The song topped the UK Singles Chart for six weeks over Christmas in 1995 and sold one million copies there, making it his most successful United Kingdom single, surpassing the success of his single "Billie Jean".

"This Time Around" was released as the album's fourth single on December 26, 1995, with a guest rap by the Notorious B.I.G. It was the album's first promotional single, and was released in the United States only. Tag lines for a December 1995 HBO special were heavily marketed on the copies of this single, but the special was canceled after Jackson had fallen ill.

"They Don't Care About Us" was the fifth single. "They Don't Care About Us" peaked at number thirty on the Billboard 100, and it charted within the top-ten of Billboards Hot Dance Music and Hot R&B Singles Charts. The song charted better in other countries compared to the United States, managing to chart within the top-ten in fourteen countries. "They Don't Care About Us" topped the German Singles chart for three weeks, while peaking at number two in Spain, number three in Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland, as well as charting at number four in France, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.

"Stranger in Moscow" was released as the sixth and final single in November 1996. The song was well received by critics. In the United States, the song peaked at number ninety one on the Billboard Hot 100. Outside of the United States, the song was a success, topping in Spain and Italy, while peaking within the top-ten in the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and New Zealand, among others.

"Smile" was originally intended to be the album's seventh and final single, and was to be released in CD and 12" format on January 20, 1998. However, the release was canceled due to unknown reasons, and most of the copies were subsequently destroyed. Only a few copies were sent out for airplay.

Commercial performance
HIStory debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts selling over 391,000 copies in its first week. In its second week, the album stayed at the top with 263,000 copies sold, a decline of 33%. In its third week, it slipped to number 2 with 142,000 copies sold, a 46% decline. However, the album spent just six weeks at the top 10, selling over one million copies in total. By the end of 1995, the album had sold more than 1.9 million units. According to SoundScan, the set fell short of many observers' expectations. Eventually, as of 2009, the album had sold 2.5 million copies in the United States (5 million units in total). The album has further sold 730,000 copies through BMG music club as of February 2003. The album was certified eight times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on August 23, 2018, in the United States. Because HIStory is a double disc album, its CDs are therefore counted separately for certification purposes, meaning the album achieved platinum status in the United States after 500,000 copies were shipped, not one million.

However, the album was a massive success in other countries. In Europe, before it was released, three million copies were shipped, breaking records as the most shipped album ever. The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry certified HIStory six times platinum, denoting six million shipments within the continent, including 1.5 million in Germany and 1.2 million shipments in the United Kingdom.

In the United Kingdom, the album debuted at number one and sold 100,000 copies in just two days. It was certified 4× platinum by the BPI.  Eventually, it sold 1.6 million copies.

In Australia, an advance order of 130,000 copies was the largest initial shipment in Sony Australia's history. In first two days HIStory sold 30,000 units in Spain and 75,000 units in Italy. In Spain, HIStory was the 20th best selling album of 1995 and the 12th best selling album by a foreign artist. In Chile, the album topped the charts and broke all sales records in the country when it sold 25,000 units within 72 hours of its release on June 16.

HIStory: Past, Present and Future, Book I has sold over 20 million copies worldwide, making it simultaneously one of the best-selling multiple-disc releases and one of the best-selling albums of all time The greatest hits disc was reissued as a single disc on November 13, 2001, under the title Greatest Hits: HIStory, Volume I and had sold four million copies worldwide by 2010. The second disc was released separately in some European countries in 2011.

Critical reception
HIStory received generally positive reviews. Jon Pareles of The New York Times wrote that "It has been a long time since Michael Jackson was simply a performer. He's the main asset of his own corporation, which is a profitable subsidiary of Sony." Some reviewers commented on the unusual format of a new studio album being accompanied by a "greatest hits" collection, with Q magazine saying "from the new songs' point of view, it's like taking your dad with you into a fight." Fred Shuster of the Daily News of Los Angeles described "This Time Around", "Money" and "D.S." as "superb slices of organic funk that will fuel many of the summer's busiest dance floors".

James Hunter of Rolling Stone gave HIStory four-out-of-five stars and found that it "unfolds in Jackson's outraged response to everything he has encountered in the last year or so." Hunter felt it was an "odd, charmless second chapter" compared to Jackson's earlier hits. However, he described "This Time Around" as a "dynamite jam" that was "ripe for remixes", and "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie" as "adventurous". He said "Earth Song" had "noble sentiments" and sounded "primarily like a showpiece". Jim Farber of the New York Daily News gave the album a mixed review and commented that he would give the first disc on its own. Jon Pareles of The New York Times believed that Jackson "muttered" lyrics such as "They thought they really had control of me". Chris Willman of the Los Angeles Times said of "This Time Around", "a tough, rhythm-guitar-driven track co-written and co-produced by hit-maker Dallas Austin that sports one of the album's better grooves".

Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic gave HIStory three-out-of-five stars, but commented that it was a "monumental achievement" of Jackson's ego. Erlewine remarked that on the HIStory Begins CD, it contains "some of the greatest music in pop history" but that it leaves some hits out, citing "Say Say Say" and "Dirty Diana" — commenting that "yet it's filled with enough prime material to be thoroughly intoxicating". Erlewine noted that HIStory Continues is "easily the most personal album Jackson has recorded" and that its songs' lyrics referencing the molestation accusations create a "thick atmosphere of paranoia". He cited "You Are Not Alone" and "Scream" as being "well-crafted pop that ranks with his best material", but concludes that "nevertheless, HIStory Continues stands as his weakest album since the mid-'70s." David Browne of Entertainment Weekly, gave "HIStory Begins" an "A−" grade but the album's new material a "C−", which "winds up a B" for the entire album. Browne commented that the music "rarely seems to transport him (and thereby us) to a higher plane."

Controversy with the album came with Jackson having to rerecord some lyrics in "They Don't Care About Us" after he was accused of antisemitism, and contributor R. Kelly was accused of having plagiarized one of the album's songs, "You Are Not Alone", leading to its banning on Belgian radio.

HIStory was nominated for six Grammy Awards at the 1996 and 1997 ceremonies respectively, winning one award. "You Are Not Alone" was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Performance – Male and for Song of the Year. "Scream" was nominated for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals and "Scream" won Best Music Video - Short Form and "Earth Song" was nominated for the same award the following year. The album itself was nominated for Album of the Year. At the 1995 MTV Video Music Awards, "Scream" received ten nominations, winning in three categories. In 1998, the album was ranked at number 96 in BBC's Music of the Millennium, a list of 100 albums chosen by Channel 4 viewers, The Guardian readers and HMV customers as the best of the millennium.

Track listing

Notes
  signifies a co-producer
 Early CD pressings of German, French and Dutch editions of the album contain a special voice message recorded by Michael Jackson to address gratitude towards fans as a hidden track. The message recorded for German market is also available on a rare Scream single.
 Reissues of the album contain several changes when compared to the original 1995 US release:
 "They Don't Care About Us" - "Jew me" and "Kike me" would be drowned out by loud, electronic noises in most re-releases of the song, including later pressings of the album, single version and two video versions. The common claim of such words being substituted with "do me" and "strike me" is entirely false and unsubstantiated, which is probably due to confusion with the LP edit version available on certain singles and multiple editions of the 2008 compilation King Of Pop, in which previous words "sue me" and "kick me" were repeated to cover the aforementioned words.
 "HIStory" - original musical compositions sampled include "Beethoven Lives Upstairs" and "The Great Gate of Kyiv" from Pictures at an Exhibition, but in reissues of the album, the Pictures at an Exhibition piece was replaced by a similar improvised orchestra piece.

Personnel
Adapted from the album's liner notes and AllMusic.

 Gary Adante – keyboards, synthesizer
 Yannick Allain – staff
 Trini Alvarez Jr. – assistant engineer
 Maxi Anderson – choir conductor
 Rob Arbitter – keyboards, synthesizer
 Ryan Arnold – assistant engineer
 Gloria Augustus – background vocals
 Dallas Austin – arranger, keyboards, producer, synthesizer
 John Bahler – vocal arrangement, background vocals
 John Bahler Singers – background vocals
 Tom Bahler – synclavier
 Bettye Bailey – staff
 Glen Ballard – keyboards, rhythm arrangements, synthesizer, synthesizer arrangements
 Brian Banks – keyboards, synthesizer, synthesizer programming
 John Barnes – keyboards, piano, synthesizer, vocal arrangement
 Elmer Bernstein – conductor, orchestral arrangements
 Emily Bernstein – orchestration
 Tony Duino Black – assistant engineer
 Michael Boddicker – choir conductor, keyboards, programming, sound design, synthesizer, synthesizer programming
 Bill Bottrell – drums, engineer, guitar, keyboards, mixing, percussion, producer, synthesizer
 Jeff Bova – programming, synthesizer programming
 Crystal Bowers – executive assistant
 Boyz II Men – guest artist, background vocals
 Miko Brando – staff
 Bobby Brooks – drums, engineer, percussion, programming, sound design, synthesizer programming
 Ollie E. Brown – percussion
 Chauna Bryant – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Rodger Bumpass – background vocals, voiceover
 Brad Buxer – arranger, keyboards, orchestration, percussion, piano, programming, sequencing arranger, sound effects, soundscape, synthesizer, synthesizer programming
 Caleena Campbell – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Bruce Cannon – effects, special effects
 Larry Carlton – guitar
 Reeve Carney – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Reagans Carter – artwork, photography
 Lafayette Carthon – keyboards, synthesizer
 Jim Champagne – assistant engineer
 Leon "Ndugu" Chancler – drums
 Charlie Chaplin – tributee
 Rosemary Chavira – staff
 Wayne Cobham – synthesizer programming
 Lester Cohen – artwork, photography
 David Coleman – art direction
 Funkmaster Flex – turntables
 Jesse Corti – background vocals, voiceover
 Richard Cottrell – engineer
 Andraé Crouch – vocal arrangement, background vocals
 The Andraé Crouch Singers – background vocals
 Sandra Crouch – background vocals
 Christopher Currell – guitar, percussion, rhythm arrangements, synclavier
 Paulinho Da Costa – percussion
 Rick Dasher – assistant engineer
 Eddie DeLena – engineer, mixing
 Jeff DeMorris – assistant engineer
 Carol Dennis – background vocals
 Carolyn Dennis – background vocals
 Nancy Donald – art direction
 Nathan East – bass
 Sheila E. – percussion
 Bill Easystone – assistant engineer
 Felipe Elgueta – engineer
 Sam Emerson – artwork, photography
 Jonathan Exley – artwork, photography
 Ashley Farrell – voiceover
 Steve Ferrone – drums, percussion
 Angela Fisher – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Matt Forger – engineer, sound effects, soundscape, technical director
 David Foster – keyboards, orchestral arrangements, piano, producer, synthesizer, synthesizer arrangements
 Jania Foxworth – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Simon Franglen – drums, keyboards, percussion, programming, synclavier programming, synthesizer, synthesizer programming
 Leah Frazier – soloist
 Harrison Funk – artwork, photography
 Eric Gale – guitar
 Gus Garces – assistant engineer
 Siedah Garrett – duet, guest artist, performer, primary artist, vocal harmony
 Humberto Gatica – engineer
 Peter Germansen – assistant engineer
 Douglas Getschall – drum programming, programming
 Kevin Gilbert – engineer, synthesizer programming
 Jim Gilstrap – background vocals
 Nate Giorgio – artwork, photography
 Carl Glanville – assistant engineer
 Greg Gorman – artwork, photography
 Jackie Gouché – background vocals
 Geoff Grace – orchestration
 Crystal Grant – children's chorus
 Gary Grant – flugelhorn, horn, trumpet
 Nikisha Grier – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Doug Grigsby – bass
 Bernie Grundman – mastering
 Stephanie Gylden – assistant engineer
 Omar Hakim – drums, percussion
 Natalia Harris – children's chorus
 Amy Hartman – staff
 Gary Hearne – staff
 Richard Heath – percussion
 Gorrfried Helnwein – artwork, photography
 Marlo Henderson – guitar
 Jerry Hey – conductor, flugelhorn, horn, horn arrangements, string arrangements, synthesizer arrangements, trumpet
 Steve Hodge – engineer, mixing
 Rob Hoffman – assistant engineer, engineer, guitar, programming, synthesizer programming
 Jean Marie Horvat – Engineer
 Rhonda Hoskins – children's chorus
 How Now Brown Cow – percussion
 Dann Huff – guitar
 Bunny Hull – background vocals
 Kim Hutchcroft – flute, horn, saxophone
 James Ingram – background vocals
 Crystal Jackson – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Janet Jackson – duet vocals, producer, vocal arrangement, background vocals
 Michael Jackson – arranger, director, drums, executive producer, guitar, horn arrangements, keyboard arrangements, keyboards, liner notes, percussion, primary artist, producer, rhythm arrangements, sequencing arranger, string arrangements, synthesizer, synthesizer arrangements, vocal arrangements, vocals, background vocals
 Paul Jackson Jr. – guitar
 Randy Jackson – percussion
 Terry Jackson – bass
 Jimmy Jam – arranger, drum programming, drums, keyboards, percussion, producer, programming, synthesizer, synthesizer bass, synthesizer programming, vocal arrangement
 Mortonette Jenkins – background vocals
 Augie Johnson – background vocals
 Craig Johnson – assistant technical director, engineer, technical director
 Kandy Johnson – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Kimberly Johnson – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Louis Johnson – bass
 Marcus Johnson – staff
 Brian Jones – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Caryn Jones – children's chorus
 Quincy Jones – producer, rhythm arrangements, synthesizer arrangements, vocal arrangement
 Nathan Kaproff – orchestral coordinator
 Suzie Katayama – conductor
 R. Kelly – arranger, keyboards, producer, synthesizer, background vocals
 Jacqueline Kennedy – liner notes
 Randy Kerber – keyboards, synthesizer
 Donn Landee – engineer
 Christa Larson – background vocals
 Julie Last – assistant engineer
 Annie Leibovitz – artwork, photography
 Jen Leigh – guitar
 Jesse Levy – orchestral coordinator
 Terry Lewis – arranger, drum programming, drums, keyboards, percussion, producer, programming, synthesizer, synthesizer bass, synthesizer programming, vocal arrangement
 Becky Lopez – background vocals
 Bryan Loren – drums, percussion, synthesizer bass, background vocals
 Ron Lowe – assistant engineer
 L.T.B. – rap, voiceover
 Jeremy Lubbock – arranger, conductor
 Steve Lukather – bass, guitar
 Jonathan Mackey – piano
 Brian Malouf – engineer
 Johnny Mandel – arranger, string arrangements
 Gregg Mangiafico – programming, synthesizer programming
 Maurice La Marche – voiceover
 Glen Marchese – assistant engineer
 Anthony Marinelli – synthesizer programming
 Gregory Martin – background vocals, voiceover
 Jasun Martz – keyboards, synthesizer
 Harry Maslin – engineer
 Anna Mathias – background vocals, voiceover
 Coi Mattison – children's chorus
 Paul McCartney – duet vocals, vocal harmony
 Michael McCary – background vocals
 Linda McCrary – background vocals
 Andres McKenzie – voiceover
 Dawn McMillan – voiceover
 Paulette McWilliams – background vocals
 Daniel Medvedev – narrator
 Jason Miles – programming, synthesizer programming
 Jeff Mirinov – guitar
 Peter Mokran – drum programming, engineer, programming, synthesizer programming
 Nathan Morris – background vocals
 Wanya Morris – background vocals
 Wayne Nagin – staff
 Carl Nappa – assistant engineer
 David Nordahl – artwork, photography
 The Notorious B.I.G. – guest artist, rap
 David Nottingham – assistant engineer
 Shaquille O'Neal – guest artist, rap
 Gary Olazabal – engineer
 Claudio Ordenes – engineer
 David Paich – bass, keyboards, piano, rhythm arrangements, synthesizer, synthesizer arrangements
 Marty Paich – conductor, orchestral arrangements
 Chris Palmaro – synthesizer programming
 Dean Parks – guitar
 Paul Peabody – soloist, violin
 Wayne Pedzwater – bass
 Greg Phillinganes – fender rhodes, keyboards, rhythm arrangements, synthesizer, synthesizer bass
 Tim Pierce – guitar
 Scott Pittinsky – sound design, synthesizer programming
 Jeff Porcaro – drums
 Steve Porcaro – keyboards, orchestral realizations, programming, synthesizer, synthesizer programming
 Crystal Pounds – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Guy Pratt – bass
 Markita Prescott – soloist
 Vincent Price – rap
 Phil Proctor – background vocals
 Phillip G. Proctor – voiceover
 Trevor Rabin – guitar
 Ronald Reagan – quotation author
 William Frank "Bill" Reichenbach Jr. – horn, trombone
 Rene – drums, keyboards, percussion, producer, synthesizer
 Seth Riggs – vocal consultant
 Teddy Riley – engineer, keyboards, mixing, producer, rhythm arrangements, synthesizer, synthesizer arrangements
 Chris Roberts – assistant engineer
 John Robinson – drums
 Nile Rodgers – guitar
 Matthew Rolston – artwork, photography
 Bill Ross – conductor, orchestral arrangements
 Darryl Ross – sound design, synthesizer programming
 William Ross – conductor
 Keith Rouster – bass
 Thom Russo – technical director
 Grace Rwaramba – staff
 Annette Sanders – choir conductor
 Andrew Scheps – drum programming, engineer, programming, sound effects, soundscape, synclavier programming, synthesizer programming
 Arnie Schulze – programming, synthesizer programming
 Seawind Horns – horn
 Jamie Seyberth – assistant engineer
 Scott "House" Shaffer – staff
 Joshua Shapera – assistant engineer
 Alan Shearman – background vocals, voiceover
 Rick Sheppard – programming, synthesizer programming
 Susan Silo – voiceover
 Slash – guest artist, guitar
 Greg Smith – keyboards, synthesizer
 Jimmy Smith – hammond b3, organ (hammond), soloist
 Rachel Smith – production coordination
 Steven Spielberg – liner notes
 Tracy Spindler – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Brandi Stewart – children's chorus, choir/chorus
 Shawn Stockman – background vocals
 Brad Sundberg – engineer, mixing, technical director
 Gabriel Sutter – assistant engineer
 Bruce Swedien – arranger, drums, effects, engineer, liner notes, mixing, percussion, producer, sound effects, soundscape, special effects
 Roberta Swedien – sound design, synthesizer programming
 Evvy Tavasci – assistant, executive administrator
 Elizabeth Taylor – liner notes, quotation author
 Jeff Taylor – assistant engineer
 Rod Temperton – keyboards, rhythm arrangements, synthesizer, synthesizer arrangements, vocal arrangement
 Chris Theis – assistant engineer
 Michael Thompson – guitar
 Jonathon Ungar – children's chorus
 Eddie Van Halen – guest artist, guitar
 John VanNest – engineer
 Llyswen Vaughan – sample clearance
 Suzy Vaughan – sample clearance
 Stephan Vaughn – artwork, photography
 Tata Vega – background vocals
 Brian Vibberts – assistant engineer
 Gerald Vinci – concert master
 Diana Walczak – sculpture
 Randy Waldman – keyboards, synthesizer
 Stephen Walker – art direction
 Ben Wallach – assistant engineer
 Dan Wallin – engineer
 Julia Waters – background vocals
 Maxine Waters – background vocals
 Oren Waters – background vocals
 Bobby Watson – bass
 Dave Way – engineer, mixing
 Steven Paul Whitsitt – artwork, photography
 Ed Wiesnieski – narrator
 Chuck Wild – drums, keyboards, percussion, programming, sound design, sound effects, soundscape, synthesizer, synthesizer programming
 Maxine Willard Waters – background vocals
 Buddy Williams – drums, percussion
 David Williams – guitar
 Larry Williams – flute, horn, saxophone, synthesizer programming
 Zedric Williams – background vocals
 The Winans – background vocals
 Hattie Winston – background vocals, voiceover
 Colin Wolfe – bass
 Bill Wolfer – keyboards, synthesizer, synthesizer programming
 David "Hawk" Wolinski – fender rhodes
 Ben Wright – string arrangements
 James "Big Jim" Wright – organ, piano
 Jimmy Wright – organ, piano
 Charity Young – children's chorus, choir/chorus

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications and sales

See also
 HIStory World Tour
 List of most expensive albums
 List of best-selling albums
 List of best-selling albums in Colombia
 List of best-selling albums in Europe
 List of best-selling albums in France
 List of best-selling albums in Germany
 List of number-one albums of 1995 (U.S.)
 List of number-one R&B albums of 1995 (U.S.)

References

Bibliography

External links

1995 albums
2001 compilation albums
Michael Jackson albums
Michael Jackson compilation albums
Albums produced by Michael Jackson
Albums produced by Bill Bottrell
Albums produced by Dallas Austin
Albums produced by David Foster
Albums produced by Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis
Albums produced by R. Kelly
Epic Records albums
Epic Records compilation albums


An Sirindhornia mirabilis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Henrik Aerenlund Pedersen ngan Piyakaset Suksathan. An Sirindhornia mirabilis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sirindhornia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sirindhornia

Sirindhornia mirabilis


Pečat kralja Salomona, nazivan i Salomonov pečat te Salomonov prsten, prsten pečatnjak, koji je prema srednjovjekovnoj mističnoj tradiciji, koristio drevni židovski kralj Salomon. Prema toj legendi, koju je ponajviše oblikovala arapska pisana tradicija, pečatnjak je došao s nebesa, bio je izrađen napola od mjedi, a napola od željeza i na njemu je bilo ugravirano Božje ime. Uz pomoć tog prstena, kralj Salomon je dobio vlast i moć nad pticama, zvijerima i ljudima, a stekao je i veliko bogatstvo, moć, ugled, znanje i nevjerojatnu mudrost.

Salomon je pomoću mjedenog dijela prstena zapovijedao dobrim duhovima (džini), a uz pomoć željeznog dijela zlim duhovima ili demonima. Pečat na prstenu sastojao se od heksagrama, odnosno šesterokrake zvijezde koja je sastavljena od dva jednakostranična i međusobno ukrižena trokuta. Kao takav je preteča Davidove zvijezde koja se smatra simbolom židovskog naroda. Rjeđe se prikazuje i u obliku pentagrama. Na prsten su dodana i četiri dragulja dobivena od četiri različita anđela, pomoću kojih je Salomon upravljao nad četiri elementa (zrak, vatra, voda i zemlja). Legenda kaže da je kralj Salomon prizvao duhove te ih je zarobio u mjedenu bačvu koju je zapečatio svojim pečatom i naredio im da ispunjavaju njegove zapovijedi. U tu svrhu je zapovijedio Asmodeju da mu izgradi hram u Jeruzalemu.

Pečat s prstena je zbog Salomonu od strane tradicije pripisane mudrosti bio korišten u srednjem vijeku i tijekom renesanse kao talisman ili simbol u magiji, alkemiji i okultizmu.

Legenda o magičnom prstenu prvi je put bila zabilježena u 1. stoljeću u djelu židovskog povjesničara Josipa Flavija (37. – oko 100.). Kasnije su Arapi nazivali Salomonovim pečatom šesterokraku zvijezdu ugraviranu na dno kupova za piće.

Bilješke

Literatura

 Crowley, Aleister i Mathers, Samuel L. MacGregor, Goecija - Manji ključ kralja Salomona, Studio Tahuti, Velika Gorica

Vanjske poveznice

 Salomonov pečat - jewishencyclopedia.com

Magijski simboli
Srednjovjekovne legende
Ezoterija

Pečat kralja Salomona


Naruto: Shippuden – Sezonul 4: Devastatorii Nemuritori - Hidan și Kakuzu (2008)

Episoadele din sezonul patru al seriei anime Naruto: Shippuden se bazează pe partea a doua a seriei manga Naruto de Masashi Kishimoto. Sezonul patru din Naruto: Shippuden, serie de anime, este regizat de Hayato Date și produs de Studioul Pierrot și TV Tokyo și a început să fie difuzat pe data de 21 august 2008 la TV Tokyo și s-a încheiat la data de 11 decembrie 2008.

Episoadele din sezonul patru al seriei anime Naruto: Shippuden fac referire la revenirea organizației criminale Akatsuki care caută bestile cu cozi și întâlnirea lor cu ninja din Satul Frunzei.

Lista episoadelor

Referințe

Naruto
Liste cu episoade anime
Sezoane de televiziune din 2008

Naruto: Shippuden (sezonul 4)


Doxing (fra engelsk dox, forkortelse af documents), eller doxxing, er fremfinding og offentliggørelse (typisk på Internettet) af personlige og personhenførbare oplysninger om en person.

De anvendte metoder til fremfinding kan omfatte søgning i offentligt tilgængelige databaser og sociale medier (som f.eks. Facebook), hacking og social engineering.

Doxing udføres af en række grunde, herunder politi-assistance, afpresning, chikane, udskamning og selvtægt.

Se også
 Identitetstyveri
 Outing
 Hævnporno

Kilder

Hacking (it-sikkerhed)
It-kriminalitet
Privatlivsbeskyttelse på internettet
Internetbegreber
Datasikkerhed

Doxing


Getúlio er brasilísk kvikmynd frá árinu 2014. Leikstjóri var João Jardim. Hún var framleidd í tilefni af því að sextíu ár voru liðin frá andláti Getúlio Vargas forseta.

Persónur

 Tony Ramos: Getúlio Vargas
 Drica Moraes: Alzira Vargas
 Alexandre Borges: Carlos Lacerda
 Fernando Luís: Benjamim Vargas
 Murilo Elbas: Diener João Zaratimi
 Jackson Antunes: João Café Filho
 Michel Bercovitch: Tancredo Neves
 José Raposo: Nero Moura
 Thiago Justino: Gregório Fortunato
 Clarisse Abujamra: Darcy Vargas

Heimildir

  Getúlio IMDB

Kvikmyndir frumsýndar 2014
Brasilískar kvikmyndir

Getúlio (kvikmynd)


În România, temperatura surselor hidrogeotermale (cu exploatare prin foraj-extracție) în geotermie de "joasă entalpie", are temperaturi cuprinse între 25°C și 60°C (în ape de adâncime), iar la geotermia de temperatură medie temperaturile variază de la 60°C până la 125°C ("ape mezotermale") Mezotermal este un adjectiv referitor la stadiul depunerii mineralelor din soluții fierbinți cu temperatură cuprinsă între 175 și 300° C, când se formează minereuri de cupru, plumb, zinc etc.

Resursele geotermale de "joasă entalpie" se utilizează la încălzirea și prepararea apei calde menajere în locuințe individuale, servicii sociale (birouri, învățământ, spații comerciale și sociale etc.), sectorul industrial sau spații agrozootehnice (sere, solarii, ferme pentru creșterea animalelor ș.a.).

Limita economică de foraj și extracție pentru ape geotermale s-a convenit pentru adâncimea de 3.300 m și a fost atinsă în unele zone din România, precum bazinul geotermal București Nord - Otopeni, anumite perimetre din aria localităților Snagov și Balotești ș.a.

România a fost clasată drept a treia țară din Europa, după Grecia și Italia, pentru potențialul geotermal foarte ridicat.

Beiușul este singurul oraș din România care funcționează în prezent cu ajutorul energiei geotermice pentru încălzirea locuințelor. Foraje realizate în 1995 – 1996 au relevat existența unui zăcământ bogat de apă geotermală la peste 2.500 de metri adâncime. Cu ajutorul unui proiect finanțat de UE, zăcământul a fost cercetat și evaluat, apoi proiectul s-a finalizat cu un studiu de fezabilitate întocmit de specialiști islandezi. Lucrurile au mers bine și, în prima fază de exploatare (un puț), au fost conectate la rețea cartierele de locuințe și principalele instituții ale orașului. Nevoile orașului au impus forarea unui al doilea puț, în perioada 2002 – 2004.

Alte localități
Și în Oradea sunt folosite resursele geotermale, dar și în județul Timiș.

În comuna Lovrin, din județul Timiș, peste 100 de locuințe sunt încălzite cu apă geotermală.

Note

Energia în România

Energia geotermică în România


Nefhatü'l-Ezhâr, Atâî'nin hamsesini oluşturan mesnevilerden ikincisidir. Nizâmî'nin Mahzenü'l-Esrâr adlı mesnevisine nazire olarak 1624 / 1034 yılında Tırnova'da yazılan Nefhatü'l-Ezhâr; müfte'ilün /müfte'ilün /fâ'ilün veznindedir. Nefhatü'l-Ezhâr, yirmi bölümden (nefhadan) oluşur. Asıl konuya girmeden önce besmelenin fazileti, tevhid, münâcât, na't, zamandan şikayet, mesnevinin yazılış sebebi gibi bölümler vardır. Asıl bölüm, yirmi konudan oluşur. Her konuda bir hikâye anlatılır.

Kaynakça
Muhammet KUZUBAŞ, Nefhatü'l-Ezhâr Mesnevisi, Deniz Kültür, Samsun 2005.

Nefhatü'l-Ezhâr


FTI Consulting est un cabinet international de conseil basée à Washington DC. C'est l'une des plus grosses entreprises de conseil du monde spécialisées sur les questions de restructuration financière, d'investigation et de conformité. Elle est également présente sur le marché de la communication stratégique et, plus récemment, sur les métiers de la cybersécurité.

L'entreprise a été impliquée dans la gestion des faillites de Lehman Brothers et de General Motors ou encore dans l'enquête sur la fraude de Bernard Madoff.

FTI emploie plus de 6000 employés. La société est cotée sur le New York Stock Exchange.

Histoire et acquisitions
A l'origine, la société, créée en 1982, s'appelait Forensic Technologies International. Ses deux fondateurs, Joseph Reynolds et Daniel Luczak, avaient comme objectif de créer un acteur en mesure d'aider les magistrats et les avocats sur des contentieux complexes, où la présence d'experts économiques ou technologiques devait permettre d'aider à la manifestation de la vérité.

Cotée à partir de mai 1996 après une première levée de fonds de 11 millions de dollars, elle est devenue la première société mondiale à entrer en bourse sur le créneau de l'intelligence économique.

Renommée FTI Consulting en 1998, la société s'est alors en partie réorientée vers le redressement économique des entreprises en difficulté, apportant un soutien aux actionnaires, aux investisseurs ou aux créanciers dans le cadre des procédures M&A, de faillite ou de liquidation.

En 2002, FTI Consulting fait l'acquisition d'une partie du fonds de commerce de PricewaterhouseCoopers pour récupérer l'intégralité de ses activités de redressement d'entreprises, à l'époque valorisée 250 millions de dollars. En 2003, FTI fait l'acquisition des activités de conseil aux litiges de KPMG. La même année, elle rachète ensuite la société Compass Lexecon, basée à Chicago.

Dans la première décennie des années 2000, FTI Consulting multiplie les acquisitions stratégiques :

 Ringtail Solutions Group en 2005, avec l'objectif de mettre la main sur la suite logicielle Ringtail Discovery, qui fournit des outils d'e-discovery et de gestion de documents pour aider les cabinets d'avocats lors des missions contentieuses
 Financial Dynamics, société anglaise spécialisée dans la communication stratégique, acquise en 2006
 Schonbraun McCann, société de conseil en immobilier basée à New York, acquise en 2008
 Forensic Accounting, un cabinet d'investigation comptable, acquis en 2008
 FS Asia Advisory, société acquise en 2010, permettant à FTI Consulting de s'implanter en Asie
 TLG Partners, cabinet basé à Londres, spécialisée sur les enquêtes d'opinion, acquis en 2014
 En 2015, The Deal a désigné FTI Consulting comme le meilleur conseiller en restructuration au monde pour les entreprises en difficulté

En 2007, FTI Consulting dépasse le milliard de dollars de chiffre d'affaires. En 2020, elle réalise 2,7 milliards de dollars de chiffre d'affaires. La société est valorisée plus de 5 milliards de dollars début 2022.

Activités
L'entreprise, présente dans plus de 30 pays, délivre des services de conseil économique, conseil en restructuration, investigation, conformité, cybersécurité, affaires publiques et communication stratégique. Elle se positionne à la fois sur les métiers du conseil en stratégie et sur l'intelligence économique.

Partenariats
FTI Consulting a noué de nombreux partenariats avec des entreprises et organisations. L'entreprise est membre du Forum économique mondial de Davos. Plusieurs membres de l'entreprise sont notamment apparu lors des conférences à Davos  sur des sujets de lutte contre la corruption et d'énergie

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Kroll
 Agence pour la diffusion de l'information technologique

Liens externes
 FTI Consulting, site institutionnel (France)
 FTI Consulting, site institutionnel (International)

Entreprise ayant son siège aux États-Unis

FTI Consulting


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නුවරඑළිය දිස්ත්‍රික්කයෙහි රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව දැක්වීමේදී එය නුවරඑළිය, කොත්මලේ, හැටන්, වලපනේ හා හඟුරන්කෙත යන අධ්‍යාපන කලාප  වලට අදාල රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තු වශයෙන් වෙන් වෙන් වශයෙන් දැක්විය හැකිය.

නුවරඑළිය අධ්‍යාපන කලාපය

මෙම කලාපය නුවරඑළිය (සිංහල), නුවරඑළිය (දෙමළ-1), නුවරඑළිය (දෙමළ-2) හා නුවරඑළිය (දෙමළ-3)යන අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශ වලින් සමන්විතවී ඇති අතර සමස්ත පාසැල් සංඛ්‍යාව 148 වෙයි.

නුවරඑළිය (සිංහල) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 32 කින් සමන්විත වන නුවරඑළිය (සිංහල) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න

නුවරඑළිය (දෙමළ-1) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 36 කින් සමන්විත වන නුවරඑළිය (දෙමළ-1) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න

නුවරඑළිය (දෙමළ-2) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 42 කින් සමන්විත වන නුවරඑළිය (දෙමළ-2) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න

නුවරඑළිය (දෙමළ-3) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 38 කින් සමන්විත වන නුවරඑළිය (දෙමළ-3) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න

කොත්මලේ අධ්‍යාපන කලාපය

මෙම කලාපය කොත්මලේ යන අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙන් සමන්විතවී ඇති අතර සමස්ත පාසැල් සංඛ්‍යාව 80 වෙයි.

කොත්මලේ  අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 80 කින් සමන්විත වන කොත්මලේ අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න

හැටන් අධ්‍යාපන කලාපය

මෙම කලාපය අඹගමුව, හැටන්(දෙමළ-1), හැටන්(දෙමළ-2) හා හැටන්(දෙමළ-3)යන අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශ වලින් සමන්විතවී ඇති අතර සමස්ත පාසැල් සංඛ්‍යාව 140 වෙයි.

අඹගමුව අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 35 කින් සමන්විත වන අඹගමුව අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න

හැටන් (දෙමළ-1) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 40 කින් සමන්විත වන හැටන් (දෙමළ-1) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න

හැටන් (දෙමළ-2) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 33 කින් සමන්විත වන හැටන් (දෙමළ-2) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න

හැටන් (දෙමළ-3) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 32 කින් සමන්විත වන හැටන් (දෙමළ-3) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න

වලපනේ අධ්‍යාපන කලාපය

මෙම කලාපය වලපනේ (සිංහල) යන අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙන් සමන්විතවී ඇති අතර සමස්ත පාසැල් සංඛ්‍යාව 83 වෙයි.

වලපනේ (සිංහල) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 83 කින් සමන්විත වන වලපනේ (සිංහල) අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න

01. ම/ප/නු/ව ශ්‍රී සුමංගල ජාතික පාසල-නිල්දණ්ඩාහින්න
02. ගාමිණී ජාතික පාසල-නුවර එළිය
03. ම/ප/නු/ව ඵුස්සදේව මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලය-වලපනේ
04. කීර්තිබණ්ඩාර මහා විද්‍යාලය-කුඹල්ගමුව
05. ටී.බී.එම් හේරත් ඉසුරු විද්‍යාලය-රාගල
06. රුපහ මහා විද්‍යාලය
07. මඩුල්ල මහා විද්‍යාලය-උඩුපුස්සැල්ලාව
08. විද්‍යාප්‍රදීප මහා විද්‍යාලය-උඩමාදුර
09. රත්නායකපතන විද්‍යාලය-උඩුපුස්සැල්ලාව
10. රාගල දෙමළ විද්‍යාලය-රාගල
11. ආගරපතන දෙමළ විද්‍යාලය-හැටන්
12. ආන්ෆීල්ඩ් දෙමළ විද්‍යාලය-දික් ඔය
13. බ්ලූම්ෆීල්ඩ් දෙමළ විද්‍යාලය-මස්කෙළිය
14. කැරොලීනා දෙමළ විද්‍යාලය-වටවල
15. අල් හින් හාජ් ජාතික පාසල-හපුගස්තලාව
16. ගිනිගත්හේන මහා විද්‍යාලය-ගිනිගත්හේන
17. කැම්පියන් දෙමළ විද්‍යාලය-බොගවන්තලාව
18. ගාමිණී දිසානායක ජාතික පාසල-කොත්මලේ
19. හැදුණුවැව විද්‍යාලය-හැදුණුවැව
20. සුමණ මහා විද්‍යාලය-තලවකැලේ
21. තලවකැලේ දෙමළ මහා විද්‍යාලය-තලවකැලේ
22. ඩෙල්ටා ගැමුණුපුර මහා විද්‍යාලය-පුස්සැල්ලාව
23. සිරිමාවෝ බණ්ඩාරනායක බාලිකා විද්‍යාලය-හගුරන්කෙත
24. දෙණිකේ මහා විද්‍යාලය-රිකිල්ලගස්කඩ
25. වික්ටෝරියා ජාතික පාසල-අධිකාරිගම
26. ගුඩ් ශෙපඩ් බාලිකා විද්‍යාලය-නුවර එළිය
27. ග්‍රේට් වෙස්ටර්න් බාලිකා විද්‍යාලය-තලවකැලේ
28. හගුරන්කෙත මහා විද්‍යාලය-හගුරන්කෙත
29. හප්පාවර විද්‍යාලය-ලැමසූරිය
30. හොලි ට්‍රිනිටි විද්‍යාලය-නුවර එළිය
31. ලදුපිට විද්‍යාලය-පදියපැලැල්ල
32. මහින්ද විද්‍යාලය-කදපොල
33. මතුරට විද්‍යාලය-පදියපැලැල්ල
34. මෙතෝදිස්ට් විද්‍යාලය-කදපොල
35. මද්දුමබණ්ඩාර විද්‍යාලය-නුවර එළිය
36. කොටගල දෙමළ විද්‍යාලය-කොටගල
37. පදියපැලැල්ල මහා විද්‍යාලය-පදියපැලැල්ල
38. පොරමඩුල්ල ජාතික පාසල-රිකිල්ලගස්කඩ
39. සෙනරත් මහා විද්‍යාලය-උඩුපුස්සැල්ලාව
40. රාහුල මහා විද්‍යාලය-කදපොල
41. සේනානන්ද මහා විද්‍යාලය-මීපිළිමාන
42. විද්‍යාකර මහා විද්‍යාලය-රිකිල්ලගස්කඩ
43. නවෝද්‍යා පාසල-කලගන්වත්ත

හඟුරන්කෙත අධ්‍යාපන කලාපය

මෙම කලාපය උඩ හේවාහැට යන අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙන් සමන්විතවී ඇති අතර සමස්ත පාසැල් සංඛ්‍යාව 67 වෙයි.

උඩ හේවාහැට අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශය
පාසැල් 67 කින් සමන්විත වන උඩ හේවාහැට අධ්‍යාපන කොට්ඨාශයෙහි සමස්ත රජයේ පාසැල් ලැයිස්තුව සඳහා මෙය බලන්න


Pablo Gallo puede hacer alusión a:
Pablo Gallo (1975), pintor, ilustrador y videocreador español.
Pablo Gallo (1989), actor español.

Pablo Gallo


La place de Philippeville est une place publique de la commune française de Grenoble, dans le département français de l'Isère en région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

Situation et accès

Situation
La place est située dans l'hypercentre de la ville.

En partant du nord, puis dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre, la place donne accès aux voies suivantes, selon les références toponymiques fournies par le site géoportail de l'Institut géographique national.
 Nord : rue de Belgrade
 Est : entrée du parking municipal
 Sud : rue de Belgrade / rue Montorge
 Ouest : avenue Félix Viallet

Accès
La place, positionnée à proximité de la zone piétonne de la ville, est à l'ouest de la zone commerciale du centre-ville. Elle est accessible aux passants depuis n'importe quel point de la ville.

La place est principalement desservie par les ligne A et ligne B du réseau de tramway de l'agglomération grenobloise. La station la plus proche (accessible par la rue Montorge) porte le nom de Hubert Dubedout - Maison du tourisme.

Origine du nom
Autrefois place de la Manuention, cette place est dédiée à l'ancienne ville algérienne de Philippeville, dénommée Skikda depuis l'indépendance de l'Algérie en 1962. Cette place a également donné son nom à un important parking municipal de 520 places(également dénommé « Parking Grenette téléphérique ») et à une crèche municipale de 40 places située sur la dalle qui le recouvre.

Historique
C'est sur cette place que s'éleva en 1623, le couvent et l'Eglise des Augustins qui furent fermés puis démolis durant la Révolution française. Elle devient ensuite la place de la Manutention, quartier général des grévistes en 1905. La place reçut en 1945, ce nouveau nom, afin de remercier et célébrer la ville algérienne de Philippeville, (aujourd'hui Skikda), dont la municipalité avait décidé de parrainer les enfants des résistants grenoblois morts pour la France.

Vers 1890, l'entreprise de fabrication de liqueurs de ratafia de cerises, de la famille Teisseire, était installée à l'angle de la rue de la Manutention et de la rue de France (aujourd'hui rue de Belgrade).

Le parking de Philippeville est créé en 1960 sur un site vide de toute construction depuis la démolition des bâtiments de la Manutention, effectuée en 1908. De cette époque, un escalier est cependant dans l'axe de l'avenue Félix Viallet pour rejoindre le jardin de Ville situé plus à l'est vers le secteur piétonnier. La principale qualité initiale du lieu tenait dans le prolongement minéral. La place est traversée par la rue de Belgrade, ancienne rue des Augustins, puis rue de France.

Bâtiments remarquables et lieux de mémoire

Anciens bâtiments
La construction du couvent des Augustins fut entreprise en 1632. Dix ans après, les bâtiments étaient assez achevés pour que puisse s'y réunir le chapitre général de l'ordre. À la fin des années 1960, lors de la création du parking à l'emplacement exact de l'ancien monastère, plusieurs caveaux furent éventrés contenant des sépultures.

Bâtiments actuels
 L'entrée principale du parking municipal dénommé « Parking Grenette téléphérique » est située sur cette place
 La crèche Philippeville, située sur la dalle couvrant le parking, œuvre de l'agence r2k architectes est lauréate des Lauriers de la Construction Bois 2010. le bâtiment alterne des boites de bois habillées de lattes verticales de mélèze avec de larges baies vitrées

Références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 Claude Muller, Grenoble, des rues et des hommes, Grenoble, Éditions Dardelet, 1975
 Henry Rousset, Édouard Brichet, Histoire illustrée des rues de Grenoble, 1982 ; éditions des régionalismes, 2010
 Paul Dreyfus, Les Rues de Grenoble : l'histoire illustrée des 815 rues (page 141), éd Glénat, 1992

Articles connexes
 Liste des voies de Grenoble
 Hyper-centre de Grenoble

Place de Philippeville
Secteur 2 de Grenoble

Place de Philippeville


Cangas (llamada oficialmente San Pedro de Cangas) es una parroquia y un lugar español del municipio de Foz, en la provincia de Lugo, Galicia.

Organización territorial

La parroquia está formada por siete entidades de población, constando tres de ellas en el nomenclátor del Instituto Nacional de Estadística español:

Entidades de población

Entidades de población que forman parte de la parroquia:
 Alamparte
 Lagas (As Lagas)
 Ribela (A Ribela)(Cangas)*
 Vilacha (Vilachá)
 Vilamor
 Vilasinde (Vilasindre)

Despoblado

Despoblado que forma parte de la parroquia:
 As Abelairas

Demografía

Parroquia

Lugar

Notas

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Parroquias de Foz
Localidades de Foz
Localidades de la provincia de Lugo

Cangas (Foz)


Harold Craig Severance (July 1, 1879 – September 2, 1941)  was an American architect who designed a number of well-known buildings in New York City, including the Coca-Cola Building, Nelson Tower and most prominently, 40 Wall Street.

Biography
He was born on July 1, 1879, to George Craig Severance and Emma Alida Gilbert. He married Faith Griswold Thompson.

In his early career, Severance worked for Carrere and Hastings and later, in partnership with William Van Alen.  The partnership ended on unfriendly terms, and in the late 1920s, the two found themselves in competition to build the world's tallest building, with Severance's 40 Wall Street and Van Alen's Chrysler Building.  Although the Chrysler Building claimed victory with its spire at 1,046 feet, Severance protested that his building had the highest usable space.  The issue became moot when the Empire State Building was completed less than a year later.

He died on September 2, 1941.

Other well-known designs
50 Broadway, New York City
400 Madison Avenue, New York City
Bank of the U.S., New York City
Montague-Court Building, New York City
Taft Hotel, New York City

References

External links

1879 births
1941 deaths
20th-century American architects
Architects from New York (state)
People from Clinton County, New York

H. Craig Severance


Kızıl Tugaylar (İtalyanca: Brigate Rosse, kısaca BR), 1970 yılında Alberto Franceschini, kız arkadaşı olan Margherita "Mara" Cagol ve Renato Curcio tarafından kurulan solcu militan bir örgüttür. Marksist Kızıl Tugaylar örgütünün amacı silahlı mücadele vererek devrimci bir devlet kurmak ve İtalya'yı Batı Bloğu'ndan çıkarmaktı.

1978 yılında İtalya Hristiyan Demokrat Partisi (Democrazia Cristiana) başkanı ve İtalya başbakanı Aldo Moro'yu kaçırdılar ve öldürdüler. 1984'teki bölünmenin ardından iki fraksiyona ayrılan örgüt, 1989'da Soğuk Savaş'ın bitimine kadar zorlukla ayakta kalabildi ve şu anda orijinal üyelerinden hiçbiri kalmamış zayıf bir örgüt konumundadır. 1970'ler boyunca Kızıl Tugaylar yaklaşık 14,000 şiddet eyleminden sorumlu tutulmuşlardır.

Örgütün sloganı "Bir kişiyi vur, yüz kişiyi eğit" olmuştur. Eylemlerine ufak çaplı kundaklama ve bombalamalarla başlayan örgüt 1974 yılından itibaren devletin kalbine saldırma stratejisini benimsemiştir. Bu plan dahilinde savcılar, yargıçlar, güvenlik güçleri, profesörler, teknokratlar hedef seçilmiş; birçok kişiye suikast yapılarak öldürülmüştür. Bu stratejinin ilk eylemi de 1974 yılında Cenova'da kaçırılan yargıç Mario Sossi olmuştur. Bu eylemden sonra Mario Sossi serbest bırakılsa da Kızıl Tugaylar'ın saldırıları İtalya'da şiddetini arttırarak devam etmiştir.

Aldo Moro'nun öldürülmesi
Kızıl Tugaylar 1978 yılında Aldo Moro'yu kaçırmışlardır. Moro'yu 55 gün rehin tuttuktan sonra isteklerinin yerine getirilmediğini öne sürerek kendisini öldürmüş, cesedini yol kenarına park etmiş bir aracın bagajına yerleştirmişlerdir.

Kaçırılma süreci ve ardından yaşanılanlar 2003 yapımı Buongiorno Notte filminde işlenmiştir.

Aldo Moro cinayetinden sonra İtalya çapında güvenlik güçleri tarafından sürekli takip edilen Kızıl Tugaylar 80'li yılların başında yakalanan militanların itirafları sonucunda büyük ölçüde çökertilmiş, lider kadrosunun çoğu yakalanmıştır. 90'lı yıllara girilirken değişik fraksiyonlara ayrılan Kızıl Tugaylar etkinliğini büyük ölçüde yitirmiş, eylemleri yok denecek kadar azalmıştır.

Kaynakça

İtalya tarihi
Milis gruplar

Kızıl Tugaylar


Genetic engineer's er en dansk eksperimentalfilm fra 1989 instrueret af Torben Skjødt Jensen.

Handling
Anderledes musikvideo i Revolt-virkelighed, drøm og drengestreger (we go organic). Indgår i samlingen "Life as a remix" og er den tredje i rækken af T.S.J. musikfilm på videoværkstedet

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1989

Genetic engineer's


El Apeadero de Arazede, también denominado Estación de Arazede, es una plataforma desactivada del Ramal de Figueira da Foz, que servía a parroquias de Arazede, en el distrito de Coímbra, en Portugal. Fue inaugurado el 3 de agosto de 1882, y cerrado en enero de 2009.

Historia

Inauguración
El Ramal de Figueira da Foz, donde este apeadero se inserta, fue inaugurado el 3 de agosto de 1882; en este momento, era parte de la Línea de Beira Alta.

Siglo XX
En 1933, fue instalada una báscula de 30 toneladas, y, en el año siguiente, el Jefe de la Estación fue louvado por la Compañía debido al bueno estado en que se encontraban los jardines.

Cierre
Por motivos de seguridad, la circulación en el Ramal de Figueira da Foz fue suspendida en enero de 2009; la operadora Comboios de Portugal aseguraba, el 31 de marzo de 2010, un conjunto de servicios alternativos de autobuses, en todo el Ramal, que también servían a la localidad de Arazede.

Véase también
 Red Ferroviaria Nacional

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Arazede
Arazede
Montemor-o-Velho

Estación de Arazede


مسجد المحكمة هو من مساجد فلسطين، ويقع في حي الشجاعية، في شارع بغداد بالقرب من برج الكمال، ولقد أنشئ هذا المسجد في القرن التاسع، وكان هذا الجامع مدرسة ثم محكمة للقضاء، والمدرسة أسسها الأمير بردبك الدودار عام 859هـ أيام الملك الأشرف أبو النصر إينال، ويتميز المسجد بأنشطته العديدة والمميزة.

ويتميز المسجد بموقعه على شارع بغداد وفي مقدمة حي الشجاعية، كما يتميز بأنشطته النوعية مثل الرحلات والمسابقات والندوات وتقديم المساعدات وغيرها.

المصادر

معالم غزة

مسجد المحكمة


An Cypripedium irapeanum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Juan José Martinez de Lexarza. An Cypripedium irapeanum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cypripedium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cypripedium

Cypripedium irapeanum


An Digitaria platycarpha in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Otto Stapf. An Digitaria platycarpha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Digitaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Digitaria (Poaceae)

Digitaria platycarpha


MGM Grand Hotel er et hotel og kasino i Las Vegas, Nevada i USA. Det er verdens tredjestørste hotel og det andenstørste hotel i Las Vegas. Bare hotellets kasino-afdeling har et areal på på 17 000 m².

Hotellet rummer 6852 værelser fordelt på i alt 30 etager. MGM Grand, Inc stod færdig i 1993 til en omkostning på cirka en milliard dollar.

Udenfor hotellet står en enorm løve som er MGM:s eget symbol, løvetemaet fortsatte også når man gik ind på hotellet/casinoet hvor, der fandets et stort glasbur med rigtige løver frem til 31. januar, 2012. Disse løver var der bare i nogle få timer per dag og blev erstattet af andre løver.

Eksterne henvisninger
 MGM Grand
 Signature at MGM Grand

Hoteller i Las Vegas
Kasinoer i Las Vegas
MGM Resorts International
Etableret i 1993

MGM Grand Las Vegas


RocketHub est une plateforme en ligne de financement participatif lancé en 2009.

Histoire

Incorporée en 2009, la plateforme est lancée en janvier 2012. Les fondateurs de RocketHub sont Brian Meece, Jed Cohen, Alon Hillel-Tuch et Vladimir Vukicevic. Bill Clinton et Bill Gates l'ont sélectionné dans le cadre de leur édition invitée Ways to Change the World de Wired Magazine. La société était basée à New York.

Activité

Notes et références

Plateforme Internet de financement participatif
Entreprise Internet ayant son siège aux États-Unis
Entreprise fondée en 2009

RocketHub


Aderus trifasciatus é uma espécie de inseto besouro da família Aderidae. Foi descrita cientificamente por George Charles Champion em 1890.

Distribuição geográfica
Habita no Panamá, Guatemala, Granada e possivelmente Brasil.

Referências

trifasciatus
Coleópteros do Brasil
Insetos descritos em 1890
Espécies descritas por George Charles Champion

Aderus trifasciatus


The Computer-Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (often abbreviated CAPPS) is a counter-terrorism system in place in the United States air travel industry. The United States Transportation Security Administration (TSA) maintains a watchlist, pursuant to 49 USC § 114 (h)(2), of "individuals known to pose, or suspected of posing, a risk of air piracy or terrorism or a threat to airline or passenger safety." The list is used to pre-emptively identify terrorists attempting to buy airline tickets or board aircraft traveling in the United States, and to mitigate perceived threats.

Overview
CAPPS systems rely on what is known as a passenger name record (PNR). When a person books a plane ticket, certain identifying information is collected by the airline: full name, address, etc. This information is used to check against some data store (e.g., a TSA No-Fly list, the FBI ten most wanted fugitive list, etc.) and assign a terrorism "risk score" to that person. High risk scores require the airline to subject the person to extended baggage and/or personal screening, and to contact law enforcement if necessary.

CAPPS I
CAPPS I was first implemented in the late 1990s, in response to the perceived threat of U.S. domestic and international terrorism. CAPPS I was administered by the FBI and FAA. CAPPS screening selected passengers for additional screening of their checked baggage for explosives. CAPPS selectees did not undergo any additional screening at passenger security checkpoints.

September 11, 2001, attacks
On the morning of the September 11 attacks, several of the hijackers were selected by CAPPS.  Wail al-Shehri and Satam al-Suqami were selected for extra screening of their checked bags, before they boarded American Airlines Flight 11 at Logan International Airport. Waleed al-Shehri was also selected, but since he had checked no bags, CAPPS selection had no effect on him.  Mohamed Atta was selected by CAPPS when he checked in at Portland International Jetport.

All five of the hijackers on American Airlines Flight 77 were CAPPS selectees, with Hani Hanjour, Khalid al-Mihdhar, and Majed Moqed chosen by the CAPPS criteria. Nawaf al-Hazmi and Salem al-Hazmi were selected because they did not provide adequate identification, and had their checked bags held until they boarded the aircraft.

Ahmed al-Haznawi was the only hijacker selected of those on United Airlines Flight 93, and none of the hijackers of United Airlines Flight 175 were selected by CAPPS.

After 9/11
In November 2001, control was transferred to the TSA, where it has "... expanded almost daily as Intelligence Community (IC) agencies and the Office of Homeland Security continue to request the addition of individuals ..."

In 2003, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) presented a proposal for an expanded system (CAPPS II), which was reviewed by Congress and later canceled by the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS).

The Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System II was a proposal for a new CAPPS system, designed by the Office of National Risk Assessment (ONRA), a subsidiary office of the TSA, with the contracted assistance of Lockheed Martin. Congress presented the TSA with a list of requirements for a successor to CAPPS I. Some of those requirements were:

 The government, not the airlines, would control and administer the system
 Every ticketed passenger would be screened, not just those who check bags
 Every airline and every airport would be covered by the system

Like its predecessor, the CAPPS II proposal would rely on the PNR to uniquely identify people attempting to board aircraft. It would expand the PNR field to include a few extra fields, like a full street address, date of birth, and a home telephone number. It would then cross-reference these fields with government records and private sector databases to ascertain the identity of the person, and then determine a number of details about that person. Law enforcement would be contacted in the event that the person was either present on a terrorist or most-wanted list or had outstanding Federal or state arrest warrants for violent crime.

Otherwise, the software would calculate a "risk score" and then print a code on the boarding pass indicating the appropriate "screening level" for that person: green (no threat) indicates no additional screening, yellow (unknown or possible threat) indicates additional screening, and red (high risk) indicates no boarding and deferral to law enforcement. Exactly how this risk score would be calculated was never disclosed nor subject to public oversight of any kind outside of the TSA.

The CAPPS II system was criticized in a report by the United States General Accounting Office in early 2004, and faced increased opposition from watchdog groups like the ACLU, ReclaimDemocracy.org, and Electronic Privacy Information Center. These advocacy groups believed it would undermine both privacy and safety. They expressed concern that the system would be unconstitutional and that terrorists could use it to their advantage.

CAPPS II was cancelled by the TSA in the summer of 2004. Shortly thereafter, the TSA announced a successor program, called Secure Flight, that would work much the same way as CAPPS II. TSA hoped to test Secure Flight in August 2005 using two airlines. Secure Flight has been blocked by Congress until the government can prove that the system can pass 10 tests for accuracy and privacy protection as follows:

 Redress process - A system of due process exists whereby aviation passengers determined to pose a threat are either delayed or prohibited from boarding their scheduled flights by TSA may appeal such decisions and correct erroneous information contained in CAPPS II or Secure Flight or other follow-on/successor programs.
 Accuracy of databases and effectiveness of Secure Flight - The underlying error rate of the government and private databases that will be used to both establish identity and assign a risk level to a passenger will not produce a large number of false positives that will result in a significant number of passengers being treated mistakenly or security resources being diverted.
 Stress testing - TSA has stress-tested and demonstrated the efficacy and accuracy of all search technologies in CAPPS II or Secure Flight or other follow-on/successor programs and has demonstrated that CAPPS II or Secure Flight or other follow-on/successor programs can make an accurate predictive assessment of those passengers who may constitute a threat to aviation.
 Internal oversight - The Secretary of Homeland Security has established an internal oversight board to monitor the manner in which CAPPS II or Secure Flight or other follow-on/successor programs are being developed and prepared.
 Operational safeguards - TSA has built in sufficient operational safeguards to reduce the opportunities for abuse.
 Security measures - Substantial security measures are in place to protect CAPPS II or Secure Flight or other follow-on/successor programs from unauthorized access by hackers or other intruders.
 Oversight of system use and operation - TSA has adopted policies establishing effective oversight of the use and operation of the system.
 Privacy concerns - There are no specific privacy concerns with the technological architecture of the system.
 Modifications with respect to intrastate travel to accommodate states with unique air transportation needs - TSA has, in accordance with the requirements of section 44903 (j)(2)(B) of title 49, United States Code, modified CAPPS II or Secure Flight or other follow-on/successor programs with respect to intrastate transportation to accommodate states with unique air transportation needs and passengers who might otherwise regularly trigger primary selectee status.
 Life-cycle cost estimates and expenditure plans - Appropriate life-cycle cost estimates, and expenditure and program plans exist.

Surveillance Detection Report (SDR)
On July 21, 2006, TV station KMGH-TV (ABC 7) in Denver, Colorado, released a report, citing air marshals that were using a quota system of reporting one person per month as a requirement for advancement. These reports are filed as Surveillance Detection Reports: it is unclear how many such reports are required on a person to place them on the watchlists.

See also
 Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment
 Secondary Security Screening Selection
 No Fly List

References

External links
 The Electronic Privacy Information Center (April 2003). Documents Show Errors in TSA's "No-Fly" Watchlist.
TSA customer service
 DenverChannel.com, accessed 7-25-2006: article on SDR

CAPPS II
 CAPPS II Section of HR 2115, the "Century of Aviation Reauthorization Act"  The language of proposed legislation (aclu.org)
 The Transportation Security Administration, promoters of CAPPS II
 EFF Backgrounder on CAPPS II
 The Dangerous Illusion of CAPPS II A critical article exploring multiple concerns with CAPPS II (reclaimdemocracy.org)
 ACLU page on CAPPS II
 "Computer-Assisted  Passenger  Prescreening System  Faces Significant  Implementation Challenges" (pdf) summary of report on CAPPS II by the General Accounting Office
 blog providing regular updates on CAPPS II
 "In These Times" 2003 article on CAPPS II

Identity documents of the United States
Aviation in the United States

Counterterrorism intelligence

Aviation security
Lockheed Martin
Transportation Security Administration


أنيس عبيد (1909–1988) مترجم مصري قبطي، اشتهر بأعماله في ترجمة الأفلام إلى اللغة العربية.

تخرج من كلية الهندسة، وبعدها سافر إلى باريس - فرنسا، للحصول على درجة الماجستير في الهندسة. وقد كان أول من قام بدمج الترجمة على فيلم 16 مم في العالم. وظل منفرداً بالعمل على ذلك طوال 40 عاماً حتى سنة 1944. وكان فيلم روميو وجولييت هو أول فيلم قام بترجمته.

معامل أنيس عبيد
قامت معامل أنيس عبيد بالقاهرة بترجمة جميع أفلام هوليوود بدايةً من فيلم لص بغداد والطيب والشرس والقبيح، وأصبحت معامل أنيس عبيد هي الأشهر والأوسع انتشارا في مصر والعالم العربي في مجال ترجمة الأفلام .

مراجع

أشخاص من القاهرة
ترجمة مرئية
مترجمو القرن 20
مترجمون مصريون
مهندسون مصريون
مواليد 1909
وفيات 1988

أنيس عبيد


Costa Rica participou dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2002, realizados em Salt Lake City, nos Estados Unidos.

Foi a quinta aparição do país nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno onde foi representado apenas pelo esquiador cross-country Arturo Kinch, que competiu em duas provas.

Competidores
Esta foi a participação por modalidade nesta edição:

Desempenho

Masculino

Ligações externas

Costa Rica
2002
Desporto na Costa Rica em 2002

Costa Rica nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2002


San Cristóbal () is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira. It is located in a mountainous region of Western Venezuela. The city is situated  above sea level in the northern Andes overlooking the Torbes River,  from the Colombian border. San Cristóbal was founded on March 31, 1561, by Juan de Maldonado. From its inception, the city evolved rapidly as one of the most progressive and important centers of commerce in the country, due primarily to its rich soil and its proximity to the border with Colombia.

The city was severely damaged by the Earthquake of Cúcuta (also known as Earthquake of the Andes) in 1875. The city is located on the Pan-American Highway.

Education
San Cristobal has a large student population. There are many post-secondary schools, both public and private, in San Cristobal.
The main higher education facilities are:
 Universidad Nacional Experimental del Táchira (UNET)
 Universidad de los Andes (ULA)
Universidad Católica del Táchira (UCAT)
 Universidad Nacional Experimental de las Fuerzas Amadas (UNEFA)
 Universidad Nacional Abierta (UNA)
 Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Agro Industrial (IUTAI)
 Instituto Universitario Politecnico Santiago Mariño
 Instituto Universitario Antonio Jose de Sucre
 Instituto Universitario Monseñor Talavera
 Instituto Universitario Jesus Enrique Lozada
 Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo (IUTEPAL)

Law and government
San Cristóbal has one municipality: San Cristóbal Municipality, Venezuelan law specifies that municipal governments have four main functions:  executive, legislative, comptroller, and planning. The executive function is managed by the mayor, who is in charge of representing the municipality's administration. The legislative branch is represented by the Municipal Council, composed of  seven councillors, charged with the deliberation of new decrees and local laws. The comptroller tasks are managed by the municipal comptroller's office, which oversees accountancy. Finally, planning is represented by the Local Public Planning Council, which manages development projects for the municipality.

Economy

San Cristobal is the capital of the Tachira State. As throughout the Andean states, the people of Táchira are characterized as hardworking, cordial, conservative, and devoted to their historical, religious, and folkloric traditions. The primary industries here are centered around agriculture, mainly the production of coffee, sugar, and vegetables. Other important industrial sectors which have helped fuel the economic engines of the region include meat production (cattle), manufacturing industries like shoe, basket, and ceramics production. A fact that perhaps is not widely known is that it was in Táchira State, and not in Zulia State, that the first oil wells were excavated in 1875(located in the Petrolea sector close to Rubio)-- a procedure done in those days by hand and with buckets. It is a commercial, transportation, and industrial center. Textiles, leather products, cement, and tobacco are produced, and coffee, sugar, pineapples, and corn are exported. The service sector is also strong. There are many branches of national banks located in the city, and it is the headquarters of an important financial institutions Sofitasa (bank of private investment). This bank is an important economic engine of the local economy because they help to finance many project in the region. In the dairy industry, Leche Táchira is one of the most consolidated industries in the country; this company is based in San Cristobal.

Sports
Deportivo Táchira Fútbol Club, usually known as Deportivo Táchira, is a football club located in San Cristóbal.

Architecture
San Cristóbal's architecture is rich and varied. The wedding cake and modernist architectural styles are particularly evident in the façades of the Universidad Nacional Abierta and La Casa Antigua, a Spanish style building with various ornaments and sculptures. Another example is La Entrada Central, the only façade that's left from the old Hospital Vargas. Among the most notable churches are La Iglesia El Angel, the Gothic styled church San José, and the El Santuario Church.

Transportation
There are three airports that serve Táchira State and its capital San Cristobal. Juan Vicente Gómez International Airport of San Antonio, Mayor Buenaventura Vivas Airport of Santo Domingo del Táchira and La Fría Airport of La Fria. There is a bus terminal located just below the La Concordia neighborhood of San Cristóbal where buses, taxis, and other vehicles arrive and depart daily.

Notable people

Rafael de Nogales Méndez, soldier and writer
Isaías Medina Angarita, military leader and former president of Venezuela
Manuel Felipe Rugeles, poet and journalist
Joel Casique, artist who formed the Escuela Cristóbal Rojas de Caracas
Luis Felipe Ramón y Rivera, folklorist and musician
Francisco Arias Cárdenas, former governor of Zulia State, presidential candidate, and Venezuelan ambassador to the UN
Martín Marciales Moncada, entrepreneur and philanthropist
Giancarlo Maldonado, footballer
Marco Antonio Rivera Useche, musician and composer
Tomás Rincón, footballer
Júnior Moreno, footballer
Édgar Ramírez, actor
Mikel Villanueva, footballer.

Attractions and surroundings
One of the most celebrated festivities which attracts visitors from all over is the Feria Internacional de San Sebastián held annually at Pueblo Nuevo next to Táchira state football club's grounds. This fair, which occurs at the end of January, combines bullfighting festivities with a myriad of sport activities such as the Vuelta al Táchira, a bicycle race, artistic festivals, agricultural fairs, and many other spectacles. Nearby small businesses, in particular eateries, restaurants and small independent retailers thrive of the activities in Pueblo nuevo.

Places to visit in and around San Cristóbal include all the squares and parks around the city, the enchanting colonial town of San Pedro del Río and Peribeca. During Christmas these towns are full of decorations and mangers of every shape and size. Near the border with Colombia is the town of San Antonio de Táchira, with its lively commercial beat. Other interesting towns are Palmira and Abejales, above the town of Tariba, famous for their sugar cane baskets, and the town of El Topón, a typical agricultural town. The water fall of Chorro el Indio is an entertaining place to visit and be surrounded by nature.

Plaza de los Mangos, in Barrio Obrero, is a popular youth hangout close to San Cristobal's city centre. A leafy square home to music shops, imported clothing retailers, Mini malls, nightclubs, eateries, ice-cream parlours, pool halls, Internet cafés, and small music venues, Plaza de los Mangos has become a busy hub for youth life. On a small offshoot road on the Plaza's north-eastern corner, a small Virgin Mary figure is housed under a protruding old tree branch, a branch once used for public hangings; the date of the last hanging varies with who you ask.

Events
Feria Internacional de San Sebastian. the San Sebastian fair is the largest fair in the country. It takes place at the end of each January. There is animal, agricultural, industrial and commercial trade.

Gallery Images

International relations

Twin towns and sister cities
San Cristóbal is twinned with the following cities and municipalities:

References

Cities in Táchira
1561 establishments in the Spanish Empire
Populated places established in 1561

San Cristóbal, Táchira


An Epipactis rivularis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Kranjcev ngan Cicmir. An Epipactis rivularis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epipactis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Epipactis

Epipactis rivularis


Couma est un genre d'arbres néotropicaux de la famille des Apocynaceae. L'espèce type est Couma guianensis Aubl.

Certaines espèces produisent un latex comestible, notamment utilisé pour la fabrication de chewing-gum.

Description
Couma regroupe des arbres ou arbustes pouvant atteindre  de haut. Le tronc est cylindrique produit un abondant latex blanc en cas de blessure.

Les feuilles sont verticillées par 3 (opposées au stade du semis). On note la présence de collétères intrapétiolaires.

Les inflorescences sont axillaire, en corymbes comprenant de nombreuses fleurs.

La fleur compte 5 sépales sans collétères. La corolle est en forme de coupe, blanche, rose, rouge ou violette, avec des pétales organisés de façon senestre dans le bouton floral. Les étamines sont adnées au milieu du tube de la corolle, avec des anthères ovales, courts, non adhérents, libres du style. Le disque nectaire est adné ou indistinct. L'ovaire est un syncarpe à 1 loge, avec le sommet du style cylindrique, et 2 appendices de terminaux libres.

Les fruits sont des baies globuleuses. On compte environ 10 graines ellipsoïdales par fruit. La radicule est plus longue que les cotylédons dans l'embryon.

Protologue

En 1775, le botaniste Aublet propose le protologue suivant :

Espèces
Selon  :

Selon  (Attention liste brute contenant possiblement des synonymes) :

Références

Références taxinomiques

Rauvolfioideae
Genre d'Apocynaceae (nom scientifique)
Genre d'arbre
Arbres et arbustes tropicaux
Végétation tropicale américaine
Plante décrite par Aublet

Couma


Les Thalassionematales sont un ordre d'algues de l'embranchement des Ochrophyta ou des Bacillariophyta (selon la classification)  et de la classe des Bacillariophyceae.

,

Systématique
L'ordre des Thalassionematales a été créé en 1990 par le botaniste et phycologue britannique  (1927–2010).

Les diverses classifications ne sont pas en phase sur l'attribution d'un l'embranchement à cet ordre :
 selon BioLib, Heterokontophyta ;
 selon GBIF, Ochrophyta ;
 selon AlgaeBASE , IRMNG,  Paleobiology Database (PBDB/TPDB), Taxonomicon et WoRMS, Bacillariophyta.

Description

Distribution

Liste des familles
Selon  : :
 Thalassionemataceae Round, 1990

Liens externes

Notes et références

Algue (nom scientifique)
Famille d'algues (nom scientifique)

Thalassionematales


Crkva Presvetog Trojstva je rimokatolička crkva u gradu Krapinske Toplice, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Crkva je smještena u starom središtu naselja na uzvisini. Sagradio ju je Josip Lebenvein u razdoblju od 1829. – 1832., dok je toranj podignut 1855. g. Tlocrtno-prostornu dispoziciju čine ulazni prostor nad kojim se uzdiže zvonik, dvotravejni brod i svetište zaključeno plitkom polukružnom apsidom. Vanjsko oplošje zidova artikulirano je potprozornim vijencem i vijencem koji opisuje same prozorske lukove, dok je glavno pročelje definirano zvonikom, jednostavnom biforom i dvjema nišama s kipovima sv. Petra i Pavla. Od 1857. godine postupno se oprema inventarom, te predstavlja izvrstan primjer cjelovitog neostilskog opremanja crkvenih interijera u razdoblju druge polovice 19. st.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-2090 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro – pojedinačno, pravnog statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Nepokretna pojedinačna kulturna dobra u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj
Crkve Presvetog Trojstva

Crkva Presvetog Trojstva u Krapinskim Toplicama


Michelle Ingrid Williams (d. 9 Eylül 1980) Akademi Ödülü adaylığı bulunan Amerikalı oyuncudur. Dawson's Creek dizisi ile tanındı. 2006'da Brokeback Dağı filmindeki rolüyle Oscar, BAFTA ve Altın Küre Ödüllerine aday gösterildi.

Biyografi

İlk yılları
Michelle Williams, Montana eyaletinin Kalispell şehrinde doğmuştur. Babası Larry Williams tüccar, annesi Carla Williams ise ev kadınıdır. Beş kardeşi vardır. Santa Fe Christian Lisesi'nde eğitim görmüş ve 1997 yılında 16 yaşındayken babasının 1987 yılında kazandığı Robbins Trading Company'nin sponsorluğunda düzenlenen Robbins World Cup Trading Şampiyonasını kazanmıştır.

Oyunculuk kariyeri
Williams oyunculuk hayatına Lassie, Sahil Güvenlik ve Home Improvement gibi yapımlarla başladı.Jessica Lange ve Michelle Pfeiffer'ın başrollerini üstlendiği A Thousand Acres filminde küçük bir rol aldı. Ardından 1998 senesinde Cadılar Bayramı: Korku Bayramı filminde yer aldı ve Dawson's Creek dizisinde Jen Lindley karakterini canlandırmaya başladı. Bu dizideki rolü ile iki kez YoungStar Awards / Genç Yıldız Ödüllerine; Lassie, Cadılar Bayramı: Korku Bayramı ve Dick filmlerinde rolleriyle de üç kez Genç Sanatçı Ödülleri'ne aday gösterildi.

6 sezon süren Dawson's Creek dizisi sırasında pek çok filmde yer aldı. 1999 yılında Kirsten Dunst ile birlikte Dick isimli Watergate skandalı'nı konu alan bir filmde oynadı. Christina Ricci ile birlikte Prozac Nation filminde rol aldı. Hayatın İçinden filmindeki oyuncu kadrosu ile birlikte Ekran Oyuncuları Derneği Ödülleri'nde En İyi Oyuncu Kadrosu dalında aday gösterildiler. 2005 yılı kariyeri açısında oldukça önemli oldu. Yönetmeni Ang Lee olan Brokeback Dağı filmiyle Oscar olarak bilinen Akademi Ödülü'ne aday gösterildi.
Cate Blanchett, Julianne Moore ve Heath Ledger ile birlikte Bob Dylan'ın hayatını anlatan Beni Orada Arama filminde yer aldı. 2008'de Incendiary filminde Ewan McGregor ile birlikte rol aldı. Ardından 2009 yapımı Martin Scorsese filmi olan Zindan Adası ve Derek Cianfrance yapımı Aşk ve Küller filmlerinde rol almıştır. Aşk ve Küller filmiyle, En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Akademi/Oscar ödülüne aday gösterilmiştir. Daha sonra 2011 yapımı Marilyn ile Bir Hafta filminde rol almıştır. Bu filmdeki performansıyla En İyi Kadın Oyuncu dalında Oscar'a aday olmuştur.

Kişisel hayatı
Babası, Brokeback Dağı filminin setinde tanıştığı Avustralyalı aktör Heath Ledger'den olan Matilda Rose Ledger adında 28 Ekim 2005 doğumlu bir kızı vardır. Kızının vaftiz babası Jake Gyllenhaal, vaftiz annesi ise Busy Philipps'dir. Çift üç yıllık birliktelikten sonra Eylül 2007'de ayrıldı. Kızının babası Heath Ledger 2008 yılında ölmüştür.

Filmografi

Sinema

Televizyon

Sahne

Video klip

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 TV.com / Michelle Williams

1980 doğumlular
Montana doğumlular
20. yüzyılda Amerikalı kadın oyuncular
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı kadın oyuncular
Amerikalı kadın sinema oyuncuları
Amerikalı kadın dizi oyuncuları
En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Bağımsız Ruh Ödülü sahipleri
Çevrimiçi Sinema Eleştirmenleri Topluluğu En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Ödülü sahipleri
Yaşayan insanlar
En İyi Kadın Müzikal veya Komedi Filmi Oyuncusu Altın Küre Ödülü sahipleri
Bağımsız Ruh Ödülü sahipleri
Altın Küre Ödülü sahipleri
New York Film Eleştirmenleri Birliği En İyi Yardımcı Kadın Oyuncu Ödülü sahipleri
New York Film Eleştirmenleri Birliği Ödülü sahipleri
Boston Film Eleştirmenleri Derneği En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Ödülü sahipleri
Boston Film Eleştirmenleri Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
Toronto Sinema Eleştirmenleri Derneği En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Ödülü sahipleri
Toronto Sinema Eleştirmenleri Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
Toronto Sinema Eleştirmenleri Derneği En İyi Yardımcı Kadın Oyuncu Ödülü sahipleri
Ekran Oyuncuları Derneği Ödülü sahipleri

Michelle Williams (oyuncu)