O Ciclone Tropical Severo Rewa afetou seis países e causou 22 mortes em sua jornada de 28 dias através do Oceano Pacífico Sul em dezembro de 1993 e janeiro de 1994. O ciclone Rewa se desenvolveu a partir de um distúrbio tropical em 28 dezembro ao sul de Nauru. Após a formação, o Rewa moveu-se para o sudoeste através da Ilhas Salomão, cruzando o 160º meridiano a leste da bacia do Pacífico Sul para a região da Austrália. O ciclone começou a se fortalecer de forma constante e virou para o sul, paralelo à costa leste da Austrália até 31 de dezembro. Rewa atingiu seu pico inicial de intensidade como ciclone tropical Categoria 4 em 2 janeiro. Manteve essa intensidade por cerca de 12 horas antes que um aumento no cisalhamento do vento induzisse seu enfraquecimento em 3 de janeiro. O ciclone virou para sudeste e voltou para a bacia do Pacífico Sul em 4 de janeiro, antes de passar pela Nova Caledónia entre 5 e 6 de janeiro. Depois de afetar a Nova Caledônia, Rewa enfraqueceu para uma depressão tropical e virou para noroeste antes de reentrar na bacia australiana em 10 de janeiro.

Nos dias seguintes, o ciclone mostrou sinais de fortalecimento e executou um loop ciclônico alongado a sudeste de Papua-Nova Guiné. Rewa posteriormente entrou em uma fase de rápida intensificação enquanto prosseguia para o sudeste, atingindo o pico de intensidade como uma  ciclone tropical severo Categoria 5. Ele recuou para o sudoeste enquanto enfraqueceu gradualmente por vários dias. Embora os meteorologistas previssem que Rewa atingiria a terra perto de Mackay, Queensland, o ciclone começou a interagir com um cavado de nível superior em 18 de janeiro, fazendo com que ele se desvie para o sudeste e se mova ao longo da costa de Queensland. Rewa fez a transição para um ciclone extratropical em 20 de janeiro, com seus remanescentes trazendo fortes chuvas para a Nova Zelândia três dias depois.

O ciclone causou a morte de 22 pessoas em seu curso, afetando partes das Ilhas Salomão, Papua Nova Guiné, Austrália Oriental, Nova Caledônia, Vanuatu e Nova Zelândia. Nove pessoas em um bote de bananas a caminho da Ilha Rossel desapareceram no auge da tempestade; eles foram presumidos afogados depois que os destroços de seu barco apareceram na ilha. Em Queensland, três pessoas morreram em acidentes de trânsito causados pela tempestade, e outra fatalidade ocorreu quando um menino ficou preso em um tubo de tempestade. Uma morte ocorreu na Nova Caledônia, enquanto as inundações causaram oito afogamentos em Papua Nova Guiné. Por causa dos severos impactos que Rewa trouxe, o nome foi aposentado.

História meteorológica

Durante 26 de dezembro, o Serviço Meteorológico de Fiji (FMS) começou a monitorar uma depressão tropical que se desenvolveu dentro da Zona de Convergência Intertropical, cerca de  ao sudeste de Nauru. Nos dias seguintes, a depressão desenvolveu-se gradualmente e organizou-se ainda mais, à medida que se movia para oeste-sudoeste sob a influência de um fluxo de direção nordeste. Durante 28 de dezembro, o JTWC classificou a depressão como Ciclone Tropical 05P, antes que o FMS o nomeasse Rewa, pois havia se tornado um ciclone tropical de categoria 1 na escala de intensidade de ciclone tropical australiana. Nos dias seguintes, o sistema intensificou-se gradualmente sob a influência de ventos favoráveis de nível superior enquanto se movia para o sul-sudoeste, passando pelas Ilhas Salomão em 29 de dezembro e afetando as ilhas do sudeste de Papua Nova Guiné. À medida que se movia pelas Ilhas Salomão, o Rewa saiu da bacia do Pacífico Sul e entrou na região da Austrália, onde o Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) assumiu a responsabilidade primária de alerta para o sistema.

Em 30 de dezembro, o JTWC informou que Rewa se tornou equivalente a um furacão de categoria 1 na escala de furacões Saffir-Simpson (SSHS) ; no início do dia seguinte, o BoM informou que o sistema havia se desenvolvido em um ciclone tropical severo de categoria 3, e um olho tornou-se visível em imagens de satélite. O sistema então virou abruptamente e começou a se mover para o sul paralelo à costa de Queensland por causa de uma interação com um cavado de baixa pressão de nível superior. Durante 2 de janeiro, o olho de Rewa tornou-se bem definido e compacto em imagens de microondas, pois flutuava em intensidade, com números de técnica Dvorak de 6,0 e 7,0 registrados antes de atingir suas intensidades máximas. Como resultado desses números, o BoM estimou a velocidade do vento sustentada por 10 minutos de  e uma pressão mínima de , o que o tornou ciclone tropical severo de categoria 5 na escala australiana. Enquanto isso, o JTWC estimou que Rewa atingiu o pico com ventos sustentados de 1 minuto e 1 minuto de , o que o tornou um furacão de categoria 4 no SSHWS. Rewa permaneceu em seu pico de intensidade por 24 horas antes do sistema começar a enfraquecer em 3 de janeiro, à medida que o fortalecimento dos níveis superiores de noroeste aumentou o cisalhamento vertical do vento sobre o sistema. Ao longo daquele dia, o ciclone começou a se mover em direção ao sudeste, antes de começar a seguir um caminho mais para o leste à medida que se aproximava de 160 °E.

Durante 4 de janeiro, Rewa voltou para a bacia do Pacífico Sul e continuou para o leste como um enfraquecimento de ciclone tropical severo de categoria 3, com velocidade de vento sustentada de 10 minutos estimada em . Durante o dia seguinte, seu olho ficou obscurecido depois que as montanhas da Nova Caledônia afetaram a circulação de Rewa criando um vento Föhn quente e seco. O FMS informou que o sistema havia enfraquecido em um ciclone tropical de categoria 2, enquanto o JTWC informou que Rewa havia se tornado uma tempestade tropical. O sistema posteriormente atingiu a costa nas proximidades da Baía de São Vicente, na costa sudoeste da Nova Caledônia, antes de emergir perto de Thio da costa leste em 6 de janeiro. Até janeiro 7, a circulação de Rewa ficou exposta sob a influência de noroestes de nível superior; como resultado, tanto o FMS quanto o JTWC relataram que Rewa havia enfraquecido em uma depressão. Nos 3 dias seguintes, a circulação residual de baixo nível foi direcionada para o noroeste e Papua Nova Guiné em um fluxo de ventos alísios de sudeste gerado por uma poderosa área de alta pressão localizada entre a Nova Zelândia e as Ilhas Kermadec. Durante 10 de janeiro, os remanescentes de Rewa saíram da bacia do Pacífico Sul e voltaram para a região australiana, enquanto começavam a se intensificar em um ciclone tropical, à medida que um cavado de nível médio a superior sobre o leste da Austrália aumentou de tamanho.

Ao se mover para a região australiana, Rewa começou a se mover em um longo arco para o noroeste e depois para o norte, e em 13 de janeiro, tanto o JTWC quanto o Serviço Nacional de Meteorologia de Papua-Nova Guiné relataram que o sistema havia se intensificado em um ciclone tropical ao redor das ilhas do sul de Papua Nova Guiné. Mais tarde naquele dia, Rewa executou uma curva acentuada no sentido horário perto da Ilha Tagula e começou a se mover para o sudeste e a área de responsabilidade do BoM, intensificando-se gradualmente ainda mais. Durante 15 de janeiro, o BoM informou que o sistema havia se intensificado em uma ciclone tropical severo categoria 3, enquanto o JTWC informou que Rewa se tornou equivalente a um furacão categoria 1 novamente. Mais tarde naquele dia, o sistema começou a se intensificar rapidamente quando um cavado de nível superior se aproximou do sistema. Durante o dia seguinte, o JTWC informou que o sistema atingiu o pico com ventos sustentados de 1 minuto de 230 km/h (145 mph). O BoM então relatou mais tarde naquele dia, que Rewa atingiu o pico com 10 minutos de ventos sustentados de , o que o tornou uma ciclone tropical severo de categoria 5 na escala de intensidade de ciclone tropical australiano. Depois de atingir o pico de intensidade, o sistema recuou para o sul-sudoeste, onde começou a enfraquecer gradualmente. Por 18 de janeiro, o JTWC informou que Rewa havia enfraquecido em uma tempestade tropical, enquanto durante todo aquele dia o BoM avaliou Rewa como um ciclone tropical severo de categoria 3. Durante o dia seguinte, o BoM informou que Rewa havia enfraquecido em um ciclone tropical de categoria 2 enquanto recuava e começava a se mover para o sudeste por volta de  a leste de Mackay, Queensland. Nos dias seguintes, o sistema se moveu para o sul-sudeste ao longo da costa de Queensland, mantendo a sua intensidade. Durante 21 de janeiro, o BoM e o JTWC relataram que Rewa havia enfraquecido abaixo da força do ciclone, quando o sistema voltou para a bacia do Pacífico Sul pela terceira e última vez. Os restos de Rewa foram observados pela última vez em 23 de janeiro, pela Metservice da Nova Zelândia, quando se dissiparam a leste da Ilha Sul.

Preparativos e impacto
Vinte e duas pessoas perderam a vida em acidentes causados pelo ciclone Rewa, que afetou partes das Ilhas Salomão, Papua Nova Guiné, Austrália, Nova Caledônia, Vanuatu e Nova Zelândia. Devido ao impacto desta tempestade, o nome Rewa foi retirado.

Ilhas Salomão, Nova Caledônia, Vanuatu e Nova Zelândia
As Ilhas Salomão foram afetadas pelo ciclone tropical em desenvolvimento entre 28 e 30 de dezembro e foi o primeiro país insular a ser impactado por Rewa. À medida que se transformou em um ciclone tropical em 28 de dezembro, o sistema passou ao norte dos atóis da província de Malaita, nas Ilhas Salomão. Rewa então passou pela ponta sul da Ilha Malaita, antes de passar para o sul da Ilha Guadalcanal e o norte da Ilha Rennell durante 29 de dezembro.

Ciclone Rewa começou a afetar a Nova Caledônia em 5 de janeiro, antes de passar pela Ilha Grand Terre mais tarde naquele dia. Rewa despejou mais de 300 mm (12 pol) de chuva em partes do arquipélago, o que fez com que todos os principais rios transbordassem. Vários deslizamentos de terra e uma morte foram registrados na Nova Caledônia, enquanto na Ilha Lealdade de Mare, as ondas de Rewa destruíram parcialmente a parede do porto de Tadine.

O sistema não teve efeito sobre Vanuatu enquanto passava pelas Ilhas Salomão entre 28 - 30 de dezembro; no entanto, as ilhas do sul de Vanuatu foram afetadas pelo ciclone depois de ter passado pela Nova Caledônia durante 5 de janeiro.  Enquanto se movia para o noroeste entre 6 e 8 de janeiro, Rewa trouxe alto mar e ventos fortes para partes da nação insular, incluindo as províncias de Shefa e Tafea.  Alguns danos foram registrados na zona intertidal dos portos de Port Villa, já que o sistema passou cerca de  a sudeste da cidade.

Entre 19 e 24 de janeiro, os remanescentes de Rewa, uma frente climática lenta sobre Fiordelândia e uma chuva generalizada e inundações ao sul trouxeram chuvas e inundações para a Ilha Sul da Nova Zelândia. Em Westland, Fiordland e Southern Lakes, deslizamentos de terra e inundações ocorreram em 21 de janeiro, enquanto várias estradas e pontes foram danificadas.

Papua Nova Guiné
O ciclone Rewa afetou a Papua Nova Guiné em duas ocasiões distintas enquanto estava ativo, com o ciclone afetando primeiro o arquipélago entre 28 dezembro e 1 janeiro, antes de pastar no arquipélago entre 12 e 14 de janeiro. Antes de Rewa afetar o país, alertas e alertas de ciclone foram emitidos para as ilhas Sudest, Rossel e Samarai, enquanto as autoridades instavam as pessoas a não irem às praias. Como afetou o arquipélago, Rewa trouxe chuvas fortes, mar alto e rajadas de vento de até  para partes do arquipélago, incluindo as ilhas Sudest, Rossel e Samarai. As áreas mais atingidas foram as comunidades próximas aos principais sistemas fluviais, com o ciclone bloqueando estradas, destruindo uma igreja, pontes, casas e jardins com culturas vitais, como café e copra destruídas. No total, o ciclone Rewa deixou cerca de 3500 pessoas desabrigadas e causou 17 mortes, 8 das quais devido a inundações.  Nove outras pessoas desapareceram enquanto viajavam para a Ilha Rossel depois que seu barco foi pego em alto mar associado a Rewa. Mais tarde, eles foram dados como mortos pelo Serviço Nacional de Desastres e Emergências, depois que uma missão local de busca e resgate encontrou os destroços do barco. Às 00:00 UTC em 30 Em dezembro, a estação meteorológica automática de Jingo na ilha de Rossel registrou um vento máximo sustentado de 55 km/h (35 km/h).

Austrália
Durante os primeiros dias de 1994, Rewa moveu-se para o sul paralelamente à costa de Queensland; no entanto, por estar localizado a cerca de  a nordeste de Mackay, estava muito longe da costa para que houvesse qualquer impacto direto em Queensland.  O único impacto indireto foi o surf mais alto, do qual várias pessoas tiveram que ser resgatadas antes que o ciclone começasse a se mover em direção à Nova Caledônia em 4 de janeiro. Como Rewa afetou Queensland pela segunda vez, alertas e alertas foram emitidos para várias partes de Queensland pelo BoM, que previu um desembarque perto de Mackay.  Em 18 de janeiro os comitês de desastres locais de janeiro se reuniram para considerar a evacuação de pessoas, enquanto as pessoas que estavam de férias nos parques nacionais foram alertadas sobre Rewa por um helicóptero. Um exercício de treinamento militar que deveria ocorrer em Baía Shoalwater teve que ser cancelado, com pessoal do exército evacuado para Rockhampton para evitar ser cortado pelas águas da inundação. Ao longo da costa, vários portos, incluindo Gladstone, foram fechados com grandes embarcações avisadas para se dirigirem ao mar e pequenas embarcações avisadas para se prepararem para a tempestade.

Em 19 de janeiro, Rewa começou a afetar Queensland com chuvas torrenciais e ventos com força de tempestade que causaram alguns danos ao longo da costa. No entanto, não atingiu a terra prevista perto de Mackay, em vez disso, recuou para o sul-sudeste e chegou a  da costa. Dois homens na costa de Yeppoon foram resgatados de uma traineira de pesca por um helicóptero Black Hawk do exército depois que o alto mar danificou a hélice da traineira e quebrou sua pesada corrente de âncora, deixando-a à deriva indefesa no caminho do ciclone. A ilha mais afetada foi Lady Elliot, pois suportou o impacto do vento, enquanto na ilha Heron, várias árvores raras e colônias de pássaros foram destruídas ou severamente danificadas. Como Rewa interagiu com um vale superior de baixa pressão em 19 de janeiro, chuvas fortes e trovoadas foram observadas em partes de Brisbane e Gold Coast. Brisbane recebeu mais de  em apenas seis horas, o que levou a algumas inundações localizadas em partes da cidade e quatro mortes. Três das mortes foram de pessoas batendo seus carros, enquanto a outra morte ocorreu quando uma pessoa foi surfar nas águas da enchente de Brisbane e ficou presa em um bueiro. Dentro de Brisbane, 100 casas e 20 carros foram danificados pelas águas da enchente, enquanto uma partida de críquete Sheffield Shield entre a Austrália Ocidental e Queensland foi adiada, depois que o Gabba se assemelhava a um pequeno lago.

Ver também

 Ciclone Katrina (1998) – outro ciclone tropical errático e de longa duração
 Furacão John (1994) – o ciclone tropical mais longo já registrado

Referências

Ligações externas

Ciclones de categoria 5 na região Australiana
Ciclones de categoria 3 no Pacífico Sul
Ciclones tropicais em Vanuatu
Ciclones tropicais nas Ilhas Salomão
Ciclones tropicais na Austrália

Ciclone Rewa


The 17 municipalities of the Satakunta Region () in Finland are divided on three sub-regions.

Northern Satakunta sub-region
Jämijärvi
Kankaanpää
Karvia
Siikainen (Siikais)

Pori sub-region
Harjavalta
Huittinen (Vittis)
Kokemäki (Kumo)
Merikarvia (Sastmola)
Nakkila
Pomarkku (Påmark)
Pori (Björneborg)
Ulvila (Ulvsby)

Rauma sub-region
Eura
Eurajoki (Euraåminne)
Rauma (Raumo)
Säkylä

See also
Western Finland
Regions of Western Finland

External links

Municipalities of Satakunta


Diary 001 (geralmente estilizado em caixa baixa) é o EP de estreia da cantora e compositora estadunidense Clairo. Foi lançado em 25 de maio de 2018, pela gravadora Fader. O EP foi anunciado em 27 de abril de 2018; o lançamento veio junto com a estreia do single "4Ever" (geralmente estiizado em caixa alta.

Realização

Em 21 de maio de 2018, ao falar sobre a estreia do EP, Clairo comentou via seu perfil do Instagram as razões para ter nomeado o projeto de diary 001, explicando que "cada canção parece uma entrada de diário diferente, de uma época diferente".

Lista de faixas

Álbuns de 2018
Álbuns em língua inglesa
Álbuns de Clairo

Diary 001


An Dendrobium hodgkinsonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Robert Allen Rolfe. An Dendrobium hodgkinsonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Papua New Guinea. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dendrobium

Dendrobium hodgkinsonii


Joseph Bonafont dit Lo Pastorellet de la Vall d'Arles, né au Soler (Pyrénées-Orientales) en  et mort en  à Ille-sur-Têt, est un prêtre et poète français d'expression catalane. Très actif dans la Renaissance catalane littéraire, il est un des membres fondateurs de la Société d'études Catalanes.

Biographie

Né tardivement au sein d'une famille d'ouvriers agricoles illettrés , Joseph Bonafont devient vicaire d'Arles-sur-Tech puis de la ville de Rivesaltes. En 1904 il devient curé d'Ille-sur-Têt et chanoine de Perpignan, fonctions qu'il occupe jusqu'à sa mort.

Défenseur et pilier de la Renaissance catalane dans le Roussillon, il est l'auteur de la première anthologie de poésie catalane du Roussillon. Il est membre fondateur de la Société d'études catalanes en 1906 et son vice-président. En 1912, il est majoral du Félibrige. En 1921, il fonde la Revue historique et littéraire du diocèse de Perpignan. Il collabore aux revues du Roussillon, notamment dans la Revue Catalane.

Œuvres

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Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Renaixença

Liens externes

Poète de langue catalane
Majoral du Félibrige
Écrivain lié aux Pyrénées-Orientales
Naissance en avril 1854
Décès en février 1935
Décès à 80 ans
Décès à Ille-sur-Têt

Joseph Bonafont


تأسست جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني سنة 1968 على يد فتحي عرفات شقيق ياسر عرفات. تعدّ هذه الجمعية مؤسسة إنسانية و هي أحد الجمعيات الأعضاء في جمعية الصليب والهلال الأحمر. تقدم خدماتها عن طريق المستشفيات وأدوية الطوارئ وسيارات الإسعاف، وبشكل أساسي خدمات الرعاية الصحية في الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة. تقع مكاتب الإدارة العامة للجمعية في مدينة البيرة. في عام 2006، تم الاعتراف بعضوية الجمعية الكاملة في الاتحاد الدولي لجمعيات الصليب الأحمر.

خدمات الإسعاف
تقدم جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني غالبية خدمات الإسعاف في معظم المناطق، مثل توفير خدمات الطوارئ الطبية والإغاثية للفلسطينيين، الذي كلفه رئيس منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية ياسر عرفات عام 1996. يتم تقديم خدمات الإسعاف من قبل 41 محطة رئيسية وفرعية، و 22 مركزًا ميدانيًا متنقلًا، و 122 سيارة إسعاف، و 346 من فنيي الطوارئ الطبية وأكثر من 500 متطوع.

شهد عام 1996 أيضًا تأسيس معهد الطوارئ الطبية، الذي يدرب الموظفين وفرق الطوارئ الطبية وفقًا للمعايير الدولية. علاوة على ذلك، لعبت جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني دوراً فعالاً في تحديد رقم الطوارئ الوطني (101).

الانتهاكات
خلق الصراع بين الإحتلال الإسرائيلي والفلسطينيين بعض القضايا الخاصة لتقديم الخدمات، يزعم الإحتلال الإسرائيلي على أن هناك عدة حوادث تم فيها العثور على سيارات إسعاف فلسطينية تنقل قنابل أو صواريخ أو فدائيون فلسطينيون متنكرين في زي المرضى. ونتيجة لذلك، ينتهج جيش الإحتلال سياسة التوقف لتفتيش جميع سيارات الإسعاف الفلسطينية عند حواجز الطرق، بغض النظر عن خطورة حالة المريض.

وبحسب جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني، فقد استهدف قوات الإحتلال على الأرض وفي الطائرات سيارات الإسعاف الفلسطينية عمداً، ومنعوهم وعرقلوا من أداء واجباتهم، في انتهاك للقانون الإنساني الدولي. في عام 2003، على سبيل المثال، أفادت جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني أن سبعة موظفين أصيبوا وتضررت 12 سيارة إسعاف في الهجمات التي شنها المستوطنون الإسرائيليون وجيش الإحتلال، وتم منع سيارات الإسعاف التابعة لجمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني أو تأخير الوصول إلى المناطق في 584 مناسبة مختلفة.

خلال حرب غزة 2008-2009، رفضت منظمة العفو الدولية الاتهامات التي وجهها الإحتلال بأن حماس استخدمت بشكل منهجي المرافق الطبية والمركبات والزي المدرسي كغطاء، مشيرة إلى أنه لم يتم تقديم أي دليل يثبت مثل هذه الأعمال. علاوة على ذلك، ذكر ماجن ديفيد أدوم أمام بعثة الأمم المتحدة التي تحقق في الحرب أنه «لم يكن هناك استخدام لسيارات الإسعاف التابعة لجمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني لنقل الأسلحة أو الذخيرة ... [و] لم يكن هناك سوء استخدام للشارة من قبل جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني.»

أحداث

 في 4 أغسطس 2020، شاركت جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني في لبنان في عمليات الإغاثة بعد انفجار مرفأ بيروت، كما أعلنت حالة الطوارئ في منشآتها ومركباتها وكوادرها الموجودة في بيروت لدعم جهود طواقم الصليب الأحمر اللبناني. استقبل مستشفيا حيفا والهمشري عشرات المصابين، وأطلقت الجمعية حملة للتبرع بالدم في بيروت وصيدا.

المراجع

وصلات خارجية

 موقع جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني
 ملخص الجمعية عن عمليات الإغاثة
 إصدار صحفي من المنظمة الدولية للهلال والصليب الأحمر
 المنظمة الدولية للهلال والصليب الأحمر تطالب بدعم جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني.

تأسيسات سنة 1968 في فلسطين
جمعيات الصليب الأحمر والهلال الأحمر
ف
جمعيات خيرية فلسطينية
خدمات الطوارئ في فلسطين
منظمات أسست في 1968
منظمات خيرية مقرها في فلسطين
منظمات طبية وصحية في فلسطين
منظمات مقرها في البيرة (رام الله)
نواد وجمعيات في فلسطين

جمعية الهلال الأحمر الفلسطيني


Gerard Sutcliffe (born 13 May 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who was Member of Parliament (MP) for Bradford South from 1994 to 2015. He was the Minister for Sport and Tourism in the Brown Government.

Biography

Born in Salford, Sutcliffe was educated in Bradford at Cardinal Hinsley Grammar School, but left aged sixteen, and then worked as a salesman and for a printers company, becoming a deputy branch secretary of the print workers trade union SOGAT.  He was a member of Bradford City Council from 1982 to 1994, serving as the council's leader from 1992 to 1994.

When Bradford South's Labour MP Bob Cryer was killed in a car crash in April 1994, Sutcliffe was selected as the Labour candidate for the resulting by-election. He won the by-election with 55% of the vote, and held the seat until he stood down in 2015.

In Parliament, he served on the Public Accounts Committee from 1996 to 1998, and was a member of the Unopposed Bills Panel from 1997 to 1999.

After the 1997 general election, when a Labour government took power under Tony Blair, Sutcliffe was appointed as Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Harriet Harman, the Secretary of State for Social Security.  After Harman was dismissed from the Cabinet in July 1998, he served as PPS to Stephen Byers, the Chief Secretary to the Treasury.  When Byers was promoted to Secretary of State for Trade and Industry in December 1998, Sutcliffe remained his PPS.

From 2003 to 2006 he was Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Trade and Industry, with responsibility for employment and for consumer and competition policy.  In the May 2006 reshuffle he was moved to the Home Office, as Minister for Prisons and the Probation Service. As part of the reorganisation of the Home Office he became Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the newly formed Ministry of Justice in May 2007.  He stayed there only a short time until the reshuffle on 29 June 2007, when he was moved to the Department for Culture, Media and Sport.

As Minister for Sport at the time of the Beijing Olympics he entered a wager with his Australian counterpart Kate Ellis that Great Britain would finish above Australia in the final medal table, with each Minister promising to wear the opposite nation's colours to a sporting event if they lose. Sutcliffe won the bet, with Britain finishing fourth and Australia sixth.

Sutcliffe supported Andy Burnham in the 2010 Labour Party leadership election and acted as Burnham's campaign manager. From 2010 until 2011, Sutcliffe served as Shadow Minister for Immigration. In May 2014, Sutcliffe announced that he would stand down at the following general election. He is a member of Unite the Union.

References

External links
 Gerry Sutcliffe MP official site
 Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: Gerry Sutcliffe MP
 TheyWorkForYou.com – Gerry Sutcliffe MP

 Stories about Gerry Sutcliffe from The Independent

1953 births
Living people
Councillors in Bradford
Graphical, Paper and Media Union-sponsored MPs
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People from Salford
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
Politicians from Bradford
Rugby league chairmen and investors

Gerry Sutcliffe


Salto Sakaika (también escrito Salto Sakaika Merú, o en pemón: Sakaika Merú que quiere decir en español: Salto Martín Pescador) es el nombre de una cascada o caída de agua ubicada en el río Kamoirán en el sector Oriental del área protegida conocida como Parque nacional Canaima al suroeste del país suramericano de Venezuela.

Su acceso se realiza vía terrestre, pero bajo ciertas condiciones de restricción y con permiso de las autoridades del parque.

Se trata de un Salto de aproximadamente 30 metros de altura, que está rodeado de vegetación, rocas y desciende en un pozo profundo, donde es posible nadar.

Véase también
 Geografía de Venezuela
 Geografía de América del Sur

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Vista del Salto

Cascadas de Venezuela
Parque nacional Canaima

Salto Sakaika


Robert Joseph Lefkowitz (født 15. april 1943) er en amerikansk fysiker og biokemiker. Han er bedst kendt for sine banebrydende opdagelser af hvordan en vigtig familie af G-protein-koblede receptorer virker. I 2012 modtog han nobelprisen i kemi sammen med Brian Kobilka for dette arbejde. Han arbejder for øjeblikket på Howard Hughes Medical Institute og er James B. Duke Professor of Medicine and Professor of Biochemistry and Chemistry på Duke University.

Referencer

Nobelprismodtagere fra USA
Nobelprismodtagere i kemi

Robert J. Lefkowitz


Filandia er en by og kommune i den nordlige del af departementet Quindío, Colombia. Det ligger på den vestlige side af Cordillera Central i Andesbjergene, der løber gennem det centrale Colombia, 26 km nord for departementhovedstaden Armenia.

Referencer

Byer i Colombia

Filandia


Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain, né le  à Clamart (Hauts-de-Seine), est un dirigeant français, avocat spécialiste du droit des entreprises et membre du CESE (Conseil économique, social et environnemental) depuis avril 2021. Directeur général exécutif de la FEPEM (Fédération des particuliers employeurs de France) depuis , il a exercé auparavant des fonctions de dirigeant au sein d'organisations consulaires puis patronales : la Chambre de métiers et de l'artisanat de la Seine-Maritime, l'UNEC (Union nationale des entreprises de coiffure) et l'ANEM (Association nationale des employeurs de la mutualité).

Biographie

Formation
Il effectue ses études de droit à l'Université Panthéon Assas. Titulaire d'un Master en droit processuel (Paris I) et d'un Master en sociologie du droit (Paris II), il est également diplômé de Sciences Po Paris (2006) et titulaire du CAPA (2008).

Parcours professionnel
Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain a commencé sa carrière comme avocat au Barreau de Paris (2008-2010) spécialisé en droit de l'entreprise : droit social, droit des sociétés, droit des contrats, droit des baux, droit des associations.

En 2010, Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain est lauréat du concours national ouvrant l'accès à la fonction de secrétaire général d'un établissement du réseau des chambres de métiers et de l'artisanat. Dominique Moulard, alors président intérimaire, le nomme pour prendre la direction de la Chambre de métiers et de l'artisanat de la Seine-Maritime en qualité de secrétaire général et Directeur des services. À 29 ans, il devient le plus jeune secrétaire général d'un organisme consulaire en France et procède au redressement de la Chambre. En effet, il prend ses fonctions dans un contexte où la Chambre traverse depuis quelques années un contexte de grave crise institutionnelle liée à la révocation de l'ancien président par le préfet. À cette situation, s'ajoutent un déficit important et de nombreuses irrégularités pointées par la Chambre régionale des comptes ou encore l'impasse du projet de reconstruction du CFA (centre de formation des apprentis) des métiers de Rouen depuis plusieurs années.

Les élections consulaires légitiment Dominique Moulard en qualité de président, quelques mois après la nomination de Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain, mettant ainsi un terme à la période de la présidence intérimaire. Dominique Moulard et Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain forment alors un duo qui entreprend une stratégie de fond gagnante dans le redressement de la Chambre de métiers de la Seine-Maritime, et dont le succès permet la construction du CFA Simone Veil à la Grand'Mare de Rouen.

Sous la direction de Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain, la Chambre s'ouvre vers l'extérieur avec, entre autres, le lancement de nombreux partenariats internationaux visant à promouvoir l'excellence française à l'étranger, en particulier aux États-Unis. Il œuvre avec succès au rapprochement des chambres consulaires et installe au sein de la CCI du Havre l'antenne de la Chambre de métiers dans un souci d'efficience à l'égard des chefs d'entreprise.

En 2014, Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain prend la direction générale de la FNC (Fédération Nationale de la Coiffure), principale organisation professionnelle des chefs d'entreprise de la coiffure, au côté du président Pierre Martin et de son successeur Bernard Stalter. Pendant la période de direction générale de Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain, à la faveur d'une réforme aussi bien statuaire que stratégique, la FNC devient l'UNEC avec pour ambition de construire un mouvement fédérateur.

Des conflits d'ordre politique ne permettent pas l'aboutissement de la fusion avec l'autre syndicat du secteur, le CNEC.

Dans ses fonctions, Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain a notamment relancé le dialogue social dans la branche et le repositionnement de la fédération.

Concomitamment à son poste de directeur général de l'UNEC, il occupe également les fonctions de directeur général de l'ensemble des entités et filiales dépendantes de l'UNEC. Il réorganise alors profondément le groupe. Ainsi, il participe au redressement et au succès de l'entité événementielle du secteur, le MCB (Mondial Coiffure Beauté) en procédant à la recomposition de son actionnariat (le MCB devient le MCB by Beauté Sélection), et en réorientant la stratégie de ce salon professionnel accueillant chaque année plus de 50 000 visiteurs à la Porte de Versailles.

En outre, en qualité de directeur de l'entité de formation initiale, l'AFC, regroupant 3 lycées professionnels et 3 CFA à Lille, Paris, Toulouse et formant jusqu'à 2000 jeunes par an, il procède à la cession des activités aux chambres de métiers du Nord et de la Seine-Saint-Denis, alors respectivement présidées par Alain Griset et par Patrick Toulmet, permettant ainsi au secteur de pérenniser ses outils de formation initiale.

En mai 2016, Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain prend la tête de l'UGEM (Union des Groupements des Employeurs Mutualistes) et procède à sa mutation pour devenir l'Association nationale des employeurs de la mutualité (ANEM). Cette transformation consiste à réformer la gouvernance de l'organisation avec pour objectif de mieux coordonner la stratégie des employeurs de la Mutualité et celle du mouvement de la Mutualité, dans un contexte global de grande concentration des mutuelles.

En , il rejoint la Fédération des particuliers employeurs de France (FEPEM) en tant que Directeur général, sous la présidence de Marie Béatrice Levaux. Il est l'un des artisans et négociateurs de la nouvelle Convention Collective de l'emploi à domicile en vigueur depuis le  et de l'avance immédiate du Crédit d'impôt.

En , il est désigné par la FEPEM membre du Conseil économique, social et environnemental (CESE) au sein du groupe Entreprises. Il est d'emblée nommé rapporteur de l'avis sur les métiers en tension, à la suite de la première saisine gouvernementale du CESE le 14 septembre 2021 par le premier ministre Jean Castex.

L'avis est adopté le 12 janvier 2022 à une très large majorité (137 voix pour, 7 voix contre et 28 abstentions) et formule vingt préconisations structurantes pour répondre à la complexe problématique multifactorielle des tensions observées sur le marché du travail en matière de recrutement .

La première préconisation met en avant l'idée d'augmenter le pouvoir d'achat des salariés par voie d'accord au niveau des branches professionnelles, en y assortissant un système de défiscalisation (pas d'intégration dans l'impôt sur le revenu des salariés) et de « désocialisation » (sans charges sociales). Sont visés les paniers-repas, les complémentaires et sur-complémentaires santé pour réduire les restes à charge des salariés, les chèques pour gardes d'enfants ou encore des chèques logement. L'idée est de mutualiser les efforts des employeurs par le biais de cotisations pour ne pas obérer leurs marges de manœuvre ou modèle économique tout en apportant des solutions concrètes au bénéfice des salariés. Les groupements d'employeurs sont également encouragés à trouver des solutions concrètes, sur les territoires, pour améliorer la qualité de l'emploi et le cas échéant, à constituer des temps pleins pour les salariés.

Un important volant de préconisations porte sur la conciliation des temps de vie – personnel et professionnel – qui est l'une des réponses clefs à la problématique des tensions sur le marché du travail. L'avis soutient fortement le crédit d'impôt pour les particuliers employeurs, ainsi que l'universalité en matière de politique de la petite enfance. Ceci signifie la réduction uniforme des restes à charge pour la garde d'enfant, quel que soit le mode de garde, individuel (par une assistante maternelle ou une garde d'enfant à domicile) ou collectif (crèche).

L'avis insiste également sur les solutions à apporter en matière de logement et de mobilité. Outre un rappel sur la nécessité de monter en charge dans le cadre des plans mobilités des entreprises, des tentatives de solutions sont suggérées en matière de logement de fonction au bénéfice des fonctionnaires dont les métiers ne sont pas télétravaillables et devant assurer une continuité du service public (hôpital, force de l'ordre, petite enfance…).

Par ailleurs, s'appuyant sur un précédent avis « l'orientation des jeunes » du CESE, l'avis s'attache à rappeler la nécessité de renforcer l'accès à l'information des jeunes dans le cadre de leur orientation, notamment par le biais des « parcours Avenir » .

Enfin, l'avis préconise de mieux intégrer les primo-arrivants et population immigrée dans l'emploi par la reconnaissance des qualifications acquises et par une démarche des branches inclusive et responsable, par exemple dans le cadre de certifications en langue française.

À cela s'ajoute un ensemble de recommandations méthodologiques, dans le souci de rétablir les leviers d'un État stratège, par exemple en affinant la statistique publique grâce à une meilleure coopération avec les observatoires des secteurs économiques (observatoires des branches professionnelles) sur la définition des métiers et leur nomenclature.

Engagement associatif
Entre 2018 et 2021, Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain est administrateur bénévole de l'association ACINA (Accueil Coopération Insertion pour les Nouveaux Arrivants) dont il reste adhérent, et qui a pour mission l'accompagnement socioprofessionnel des nouveaux arrivants (réfugiés, migrants…) en situation de grande précarité en France.

En 2023, il est signataire de la pétition « pour un débat apaisé » portée par l'association « Pour une Convention Citoyenne sur la migration ». Animée par un collectif de citoyens, de chercheurs, de personnalités et d'associations, cette initiative appelle le Gouvernement à l'organiser une convention citoyenne au Conseil Économique, Social et environnemental.

Notes et références

Personnalité liée à une organisation patronale
Naissance en janvier 1981
Naissance à Clamart

Pierre-Olivier Ruchenstain


The Lowland Clearances were one of the results of the Scottish Agricultural Revolution, which changed the traditional system of agriculture which had existed in Lowland Scotland in the seventeenth century. Thousands of cottars and tenant farmers from the southern counties (Lowlands) of Scotland migrated from farms and small holdings they had occupied to the new industrial centres of Glasgow, Edinburgh and northern England  or abroad, or remaining upon land though adapting to the Scottish Agricultural Revolution.

History

As farmland became more commercialised in Scotland during the 18th century, land was often rented through auctions. This led to an inflation of rents that priced many tenants out of the market.  Furthermore, changes in agricultural practice meant the replacement of part-time labourer or subtenants (known as cottars, cottagers, or bondsmen) with full-time agricultural labourers who lived either on the main farm or in rented accommodation in growing or newly founded villages. This led many contemporary writers and modern historians to associate the Agricultural Revolution with the disappearance of cottars and their way of life from many parts of the southern Scotland.

Many small settlements were torn down, their occupants forced either to the new purpose-built villages built by the landowners such as John Cockburn of Ormiston to house the displaced cottars on the outskirts of the new ranch-style farms, or to the new industrial centres of Glasgow, Edinburgh or northern England. In other areas, such as the southwest, landowners offered low rents and nearby employment to tenants they deemed to be respectable. Between 1760 and 1830, many tens of thousands of Lowland Scots emigrated mainly within Lowland Scotland, with some taking advantage of the many new opportunities offered in Canada to own and farm their own land. Most chose to remain, by choice, some out of an inability to secure transatlantic passage, or because of obligations in Scotland.

Notes

See also
Highland Clearances

References

Further reading
 Aitchison, Pete and Cassell, Andrew. The Lowland Clearances, Scotland's Silent Revolution: 1760–1830, 2003

 Devine, T. M.   Scottish Nation: 1700–2000, 2001
 Gibson, Alex,  1990. 'Proletarianization? The Transition to Full-Time Labour on a Scottish Estate, 1723–1787'. Continuity and Change, 5 (3): 357–89.
 Orr, Alistair, 1984. 'Farm Servants and Farm Labour in the Forth Valley and South-East Lowlands'. In Farm Servants and Labour in Lowland Scotland, 1770–1914.

External links
 BBC Radio Scotland series
 Scotland's Forgotten Clearances
 Lowland Clearances - The Lost Villages

Forced migration
Scottish emigration
Scottish diaspora
Enclosures
18th century in Scotland
19th century in Scotland
History of agriculture in Scotland
Scottish Lowlands

Lowland Clearances


Lobularia može označavati:
Lobularia (Plantae) Desv., biljni rod iz porodice Brassicaceae
Lobularia (Fungi)  Velen., rod gljiva iz porodice Rhytismataceae.

Lobularia


An Bulbostylis guineensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Henri Chermezon ngan Pierre Henri Hippolyte Bodard. An Bulbostylis guineensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bulbostylis, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Guinea. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bulbostylis

Bulbostylis guineensis


الحزب الاشتراكي الموحد Parti socialiste unifié (PSU), حزب يساري معارض مستقل في اختياراته وتدبيره، يتبنى الاختيار الاشتراكي بكل اجتهاداته وأبعاده التحررية والديمقراطية والإنسانية، ويعتمد التعبئة والنضال الجماهيريين والنضال من داخل المؤسسات للدفاع عن مشروعه المجتمعي وبرنامجه السياسي، وينحاز لمصالح الوطن العليا ولحقوق المواطنات والمواطنين وكافة المتضررين من أوضاع الظلم المستمرة، ويدافع عن قيم الديمقراطية وحقوق الإنسان والحداثة والمواطنة والمساواة، ويتمثل الهوية الوطنية على قاعدة الأسس المكونة لها والتي تعيش تفاعلا وتكاملا بين أبعادها المتنوعة والغنية الإسلامية والعربية والأمازيغية، كهوية منفتحة على قيم العصر التقدمية، ومبنية على التسامح والتعايش والحرية.

تاريخ
الحزب الاشتراكي الموحد، يساري تقدمي، هو امتداد لـمنظمة 23 مارس التي انتقلت بعد سنوات من الاشتغال السري، إلى العمل القانوني لتنشئ حزب منظمة العمل الديمقراطي الشعبي سنة 1983، وذلك بعد عودة قيادات الحركة من المنفى وعلى رأسهم محمد بن سعيد أيت إيدر، محمد الحبيب طالب، إبراهيم ياسين، وآخرون. وقد اتحدت المنظمة في منتصف يوليو 2002 مع ثلاثة حركات يسارية هي الحركة من أجل الديمقراطية والديمقراطيون المستقلون والفعاليات اليسارية المستقلة، مشكلة ما أصبح يعرف بـ «حزب اليسار الاشتراكي الموحد PGSU». وخلال سنة 2005، جرت مشاورات بين الحزب وجمعية الوفاء للديمقراطية المنشقة عن حزب الاتحاد الاشتراكي للقوات الشعبية، حيت ثم الاندماج ليولد «الحزب الاشتراكي الموحد PSU» في نفس السنة، يقوده السيد محمد مجاهد إلى غاية المؤتمر الثالث للحزب سنة 2011 لتتولى زعامته امرأة هي السيدة نبيلة منيب في 15 يناير 2012 وقاطع الحزب الانتخابات التشريعية لسنة 2011 بينما ساند بقوة «حركة 20 فبراير» واضعا مقراته رهن إشارتها. من المطالب الأساسية للحزب اقرار الملكية البرلمانية وفصل حقيقي للسلط في الدستور واحداث لجنة عليا للانتخابات، شكل الحزب رفقة مجموعة من الأحزاب اليسارية في محاولة لتوحيد نضالاتها «تحالف اليسار» الذي يشمل كذلك «حزب الطليعة الديمقراطي الاشتراكي»، و«حزب المؤتمر الوطني الاتحادي» و «حزب النهج الديمقراطي», ليعمق هذا التحالف بتشكيل فيدرالية اليسار الديمقراطي مشتملا أحزاب تحالف اليسار معدا «حزب النهج الديمقراطي», لتشمل النضال المؤسساتي الموحد إلى جانب النضال في الشارع في اطار النضال الديمقراطي.عقد الحزب آخر مؤتمر له في 21/20/19 يناير 2018 بالرباط، وانتخب المؤتمرون «نبيلة منيب» أمينة عامة لولاية تانية وأخيرة حسب قوانين الحزب.

مرجعية الحزب الاشتراكي الموحد
اشتراكية منفتحة على الاجتهاد، ومرتبطة بالواقع تروم الدفاع عن المواطنين من أجل حياة كريمة وتوزيع عادل لثروة البلاد. يتبنى المفهوم الكوني للديمقراطية والحداثة من أجل بناء مغرب المواطنات والمواطنين ومغرب المساواة والعدالة الاجتماعية. ينهل من الفكرالايكولوجي الهاذف إلى جعل الاشكالات البيئية ضمن السياسات العمومية لانجاز مشاريع تنموية مستدامة.

التعريف بالحزب
 ثمرة تجميع فصائل مناضلة من حركة اليسار الجديد والحركة الاتحادية.
 أول حزب مغربي ينظم الحق في الاختلاف ويضمن تشكيل التيارات وتمثيلها في الجهاز التقريري، ويقيد أعضاءه بمدونة السلوك.
 يوقع كل مرشح في الانتخابات باسم الحزب قبل حصوله على التزكية ميثاقا انتخابيا يحدد التزاماته المسبقة.
 مقرات الحزب واجتماعات الهيئة التقريرية مفتوحة في وجه الصحافة.
 يكشف الحزب ماليته للعموم، ويمكن هيئات المجتمع المدني والحقوقيين من مراقبة سير العمليات الانتخابية الداخلية.
 يصرح أعضاء قيادة الحزب بممتلكاتهم.

المشروع المجتمعي
من أجل بناء مغرب ديمقراطي عصري متضامن ومنفتح.
 . يقطع مع نظام الفساد والامتيازات والمصالح الغير المشروعة ويؤسس لانتقال ديمقراطي حقيقي.
 . يحقق فصل السلط ويربط القرار السياسي بصناديق الاقتراع والتحول إلى نظام الملكية البرلمانية.
 . يخضع فيه المسؤولون عن المؤسسات العمومية والأجهزة الأمنية لسلطة الحكومة ومتابعة الرأي العام.
 . يحقق المساواة في الفرص وفي الاستفادة من الخدمات الأساسية.
 . يعتمد على شاباته وشبابه وقواه البشرية ويشجع العمل والإنتاج لبناء اقتصاد قوي وتنافسي.
 . يقوم بإصلاحات كبرى تهم دمقرطة وتحديث وتخليق القطاعات الحيوية: القضاء، الإدارة، التسيير، التعليم والتكوين.
 . مغرب متضامن يوفر التعليم والصحة والشغل والثقافة والترفيه لكل مواطناته ومواطنيه بشكل متوازن في كل مناطق البلاد.
 . يهاب فيه المسؤولون القانون ويحترمون المواطنين ويتساوى فيه القوي والضعيف أمام قضاء نزيه.
 . مغرب بدون فقر ولا حگرة ولا أمية ولا تهميش.
 . مغرب موحد عربي أمازيغي إسلامي منفتح مشجع على قيم المواطنة والتسامح والاختلاف والمشاركة والتضامن.
 . مغرب تحتل فيه النساء والشباب مواقع المسؤولية في الدولة والإدارة والاقتصاد بما يناسب حجمهم في المجتمع.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي

أحزاب اشتراكية في المغرب
أحزاب المغرب
أحزاب سياسية أسست في 2005
أحزاب تقدمية
أحزاب سياسية قومية يسارية
تأسيسات سنة 2005 في المغرب

الحزب الاشتراكي الموحد (المغرب)


Iribas es una localidad española y un concejo de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra perteneciente al municipio de Larráun.

Está situado en la Merindad de Pamplona, en la comarca de Norte de Aralar, en el valle de Larráun y a 35 km de la capital de la comunidad, Pamplona. Su población en  fue de  habitantes (INE), su superficie es de  km² y su densidad de población de  hab/km².

Geografía física

Situación
La localidad de Iribas está situada en la parte Sur del municipio de Larráun. Su término concejil tiene una superficie de  km² y limita al norte con el municipio de Lecumberri; al este con los concejos de Alli, Astiz y Odériz; al sur con el municipio de Huarte-Araquil y al oeste con el concejo de Baráibar.

Demografía

Evolución de la población

Véase también
 Larráun
 Lista de concejos de Navarra

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Datos del Concejo de Iribas - Gobierno de Navarra - Información y datos de entidades locales de Navarra.

Concejos de Larráun
Localidades de Larráun
www.larraun.com

Iribas


We Got the Time er det andet studiealbum fra den danske pigeduo Creamy. Albummet udkom den 8. november 2000 på RecArt Music. Det indeholder cover versioner af Walkers' "Little Kitty" og Limahls "Never Ending Story".

Spor

Noter

Referencer

Popalbum fra Danmark
Creamy
Album fra 2000

We Got the Time


(c. 1255–) est un noble germanique. Il fut comte de La Marck de 1277 jusqu'à sa mort. Il est le fils de , comte de La Marck et Kunigunde de Blieskastel (morte en 1265), fille du comte  de Blieskastel.

Biographie
En 1277, le comte  enleva le père d'Eberhard, , comte de La Marck près de Tecklembourg et l'emprisonna dans le , où il mourut plus tard. En 1278, Eberhard prit sa revanche et conquit le château.

À partir de 1281, Eberhard établit une alliance constituée des comtes de Berg, de Clèves et de Juliers contre l'électorat de Cologne et acquis l'indépendance du comté de La Marck de l'archevêque de Cologne après la Bataille de Worringen en 1288. Il prit aussi possession de Brakel, Westhofen et Waltrop. Il devint également vogt de l'abbaye bénédictine de femmes d'Essen.

Eberhard mourut le  et fut inhumé au monastère de Fröndenberg.

Mariage et descendants
Eberhard épousa en premières noces le , Irmgard de Berg (c.1256–24 mars 1294), fille d'. De cette union sept enfants sont issus:
  (c.1275–1328)
 , Prince-évêque de Liège (1278–1344)
 Margaret (c.1280–après le ), mariée en 1299  (c.1270–1311/12)
 Kunigunde († après le ), mariée en 1320 à  († 1361)
 Irmgard
 Konrad (1291/94–1353), seigneur de Hörde, d'abord marié vers 1282 à Adélaïde de Gueldre (1265-1285), il épouse en secondes noces en 1285 à Elisabeth de Clèves, fille de , comte de  (-1361) et de Lise de Virnebourg.  était un fils de .
 Catharine (née vers 1293), abbesse de Froendenberg

Puis en secondes noces, Eberhard épouse Marie de Looz, fille du comte , dont trois enfants sont nés:
 Richarde, mariée à
 Johanne, mariée à
 , seigneur de Loverval

Notes

Ascendance

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Comté de La Marck

Liens externes

Maison de La Marck
Comte germanique
Décès en juillet 1308

Eberhard Ier de La Marck


Gorgasos () ist ein Heros der griechischen Mythologie.

Er ist der Sohn des Machaon, eines heilkundigen Sohnes des Asklepios, und der Antikleia, der Tochter des Diokles. Sein Zwillingsbruder ist Nikomachos, mit dem er nach dem Tod seines Großvaters Diokles die Herrschaft über das messenische Pharai erhält. Noch zur Zeit des Pausanias (2. Jahrhundert n. Chr.) wurde er mit seinem Bruder in Pharai als Heros verehrt. Gemeinsam besaßen sie ein Heiligtum und erhielten für die Heilung von Kranken Weihegeschenke. Das Heiligtum soll vom messenischen König Isthmios gestiftet worden sein.

Möglicherweise handelt es sich um einen vorgriechischen Götterkult, der mit der Ausbreitung des Asklepioskultes zum Heroenkult herabsank. Die herabgesunkenen Götter wurden in die Genealogie der Stadtherrscher und als ursprüngliche Heilgötter unter die Nachkommenschaft des Asklepios eingereiht.

Literatur

Anmerkungen

Person der griechischen Mythologie

Gorgasos (Mythologie)


In biology, depolarization or hypopolarization  is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell compared to the outside. Depolarization is essential to the function of many cells, communication between cells, and the overall physiology of an organism.

Most cells in higher organisms maintain an internal environment that is negatively charged relative to the cell's exterior. This difference in charge is called the cell's membrane potential. In the process of depolarization, the negative internal charge of the cell temporarily becomes more positive (less negative). This shift from a negative to a more positive membrane potential occurs during several processes, including an action potential. During an action potential, the depolarization is so large that the potential difference across the cell membrane briefly reverses polarity, with the inside of the cell becoming positively charged.

The change in charge typically occurs due to an influx of sodium ions into a cell, although it can be mediated by an influx of any kind of cation or efflux of any kind of anion. The opposite of a depolarization is called a hyperpolarization.

Usage of the term "depolarization" in biology differs from its use in physics, where it refers to situations in which any form of polarity (i.e. the presence of any electrical charge, whether positive or negative) changes to a value of zero.

Depolarization is sometimes referred to as "hypopolarization" (as opposed to hyperpolarization).

Physiology

The process of depolarization is entirely dependent upon the intrinsic electrical nature of most cells. When a cell is at rest, the cell maintains what is known as a resting potential. The resting potential generated by nearly all cells results in the interior of the cell having a negative charge compared to the exterior of the cell. To maintain this electrical imbalance, ions are transported across the cell's plasma membrane. The transport of the ions across the plasma membrane is accomplished through several different types of transmembrane proteins embedded in the cell's plasma membrane that function as pathways for ions both into and out of the cell, such as ion channels, sodium potassium pumps, and voltage-gated ion channels.

Resting potential
The resting potential must be established within a cell before the cell can be depolarized. There are many mechanisms by which a cell can establish a resting potential, however there is a typical pattern of generating this resting potential that many cells follow. The cell uses ion channels, ion pumps, and voltage-gated ion channels to generate a negative resting potential within the cell. However, the process of generating the resting potential within the cell also creates an environment outside the cell that favors depolarization. The sodium potassium pump is largely responsible for the optimization of conditions on both the interior and the exterior of the cell for depolarization. By pumping three positively charged sodium ions (Na+) out of the cell for every two positively charged potassium ions (K+) pumped into the cell, not only is the resting potential of the cell established, but an unfavorable concentration gradient is created by increasing the concentration of sodium outside the cell and increasing the concentration of potassium within the cell. Although there is an excessive amount of potassium in the cell and sodium outside the cell, the generated resting potential keeps the voltage-gated ion channels in the plasma membrane closed, preventing the ions that have been pumped across the plasma membrane from diffusing to an area of lower concentration. Additionally, despite the high concentration of positively-charged potassium ions, most cells contain internal components (of negative charge), which accumulate to establish a negative inner-charge.

Depolarization

After a cell has established a resting potential, that cell has the capacity to undergo depolarization. During depolarization, the membrane potential rapidly shifts from negative to positive. For this rapid change to take place within the interior of the cell, several events must occur along the plasma membrane of the cell. While the sodium–potassium pump continues to work, the voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels that had been closed while the cell was at resting potential are opened in response to an initial change in voltage. As the sodium ions rush back into the cell, they add positive charge to the cell interior, and change the membrane potential from negative to positive. Once the interior of the cell becomes more positively charged, depolarization of the cell is complete, and the channels close again.

Repolarization

After a cell has been depolarized, it undergoes one final change in internal charge. Following depolarization, the voltage-gated sodium ion channels that had been open while the cell was undergoing depolarization close again. The increased positive charge within the cell now causes the potassium channels to open. Potassium ions (K+) begin to move down the electrochemical gradient (in favor of the concentration gradient and the newly established electrical gradient). As potassium moves out of the cell the potential within the cell decreases and approaches its resting potential once more. The sodium potassium pump works continuously throughout this process.

Hyperpolarization

The process of repolarization causes an overshoot in the potential of the cell. Potassium ions continue to move out of the axon so much so that the resting potential is exceeded and the new cell potential becomes more negative than the resting potential. The resting potential is ultimately re-established by the closing of all voltage-gated ion channels and the activity of the sodium potassium ion pump.

Neurons

Depolarization is essential to the functions of many cells in the human body, which is exemplified by the transmission of stimuli both within a neuron and between two neurons. The reception of stimuli, neural integration of those stimuli, and the neuron's response to stimuli all rely upon the ability of neurons to utilize depolarization to transmit stimuli either within a neuron or between neurons.

Response to stimulus
Stimuli to neurons can be physical, electrical, or chemical, and can either inhibit or excite the neuron being stimulated. An inhibitory stimulus is transmitted to the dendrite of a neuron, causing hyperpolarization of the neuron. The hyperpolarization following an inhibitory stimulus causes a further decrease in voltage within the neuron below the resting potential. By hyperpolarizing a neuron, an inhibitory stimulus results in a greater negative charge that must be overcome for depolarization to occur. Excitation stimuli, on the other hand, increases the voltage in the neuron, which leads to a neuron that is easier to depolarize than the same neuron in the resting state. Regardless of it being excitatory or inhibitory, the stimulus travels down the dendrites of a neuron to the cell body for integration.

Integration of stimuli

Once the stimuli have reached the cell body, the nerve must integrate the various stimuli before the nerve can respond. The stimuli that have traveled down the dendrites converge at the axon hillock, where they are summed to determine the neuronal response. If the sum of the stimuli reaches a certain voltage, known as the threshold potential, depolarization continues from the axon hillock down the axon.

Response

The surge of depolarization traveling from the axon hillock to the axon terminal is known as an action potential. Action potentials reach the axon terminal, where the action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the neuron. The neurotransmitters that are released from the axon continue on to stimulate other cells such as other neurons or muscle cells. After an action potential travels down the axon of a neuron, the resting membrane potential of the axon must be restored before another action potential can travel the axon. This is known as the recovery period of the neuron, during which the neuron cannot transmit another action potential.

Rod cells of the eye

The importance and versatility of depolarization within cells can be seen in the relationship between rod cells in the eye and their associated neurons. When rod cells are in the dark, they are depolarized. In the rod cells, this depolarization is maintained by ion channels that remain open due to the higher voltage of the rod cell in the depolarized state. The ion channels allow calcium and sodium to pass freely into the cell, maintaining the depolarized state. Rod cells in the depolarized state constantly release neurotransmitters which in turn stimulate the nerves associated with rod cells. This cycle is broken when rod cells are exposed to light; the absorption of light by the rod cell causes the channels that had facilitated the entry of sodium and calcium into the rod cell to close. When these channels close, the rod cells produce fewer neurotransmitters, which is perceived by the brain as an increase in light. Therefore, in the case of rod cells and their associated neurons, depolarization actually prevents a signal from reaching the brain as opposed to stimulating the transmission of the signal.

Vascular endothelium

Endothelium is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelial cells that line the interior of both blood and lymph vessels. The endothelium that lines blood vessels is known as vascular endothelium, which is subject to and must withstand the forces of blood flow and blood pressure from the cardiovascular system. To withstand these cardiovascular forces, endothelial cells must simultaneously have a structure capable of withstanding the forces of circulation while also maintaining a certain level of plasticity in the strength of their structure. This plasticity in the structural strength of the vascular endothelium is essential to overall function of the cardiovascular system. Endothelial cells within blood vessels can alter the strength of their structure to maintain the vascular tone of the blood vessel they line, prevent vascular rigidity, and even help to regulate blood pressure within the cardiovascular system. Endothelial cells accomplish these feats by using depolarization to alter their structural strength. When an endothelial cell undergoes depolarization, the result is a marked decrease in the rigidity and structural strength of the cell by altering the network of fibers that provide these cells with their structural support. Depolarization in vascular endothelium is essential not only to the structural integrity of endothelial cells, but also to the ability of the vascular endothelium to aid in the regulation of vascular tone, prevention of vascular rigidity, and the regulation of blood pressure.

Heart

Depolarization occurs in the four chambers of the heart: both atria first, and then both ventricles.
 The sinoatrial (SA) node on the wall of the right atrium initiates depolarization in the right and left atria, causing contraction, which corresponds to the P wave on an electrocardiogram.
 The SA node sends the depolarization wave to the atrioventricular (AV) node which—with about a 100 ms delay to let the atria finish contracting—then causes contraction in both ventricles, seen in the QRS wave. At the same time, the atria re-polarize and relax.
 The ventricles are re-polarized and relaxed at the T wave.
This process continues regularly, unless there is a problem in the heart.

Depolarization blockers
There are drugs, called depolarization blocking agents, that cause prolonged depolarization by opening channels responsible for depolarization and not allowing them to close, preventing repolarization. Examples include the nicotinic agonists, suxamethonium and decamethonium.

References

Further reading

External links

Membrane biology
Electrophysiology
Electrochemistry
Cellular neuroscience

Depolarization


Indemnizația pentru creșterea și îngrijirea copilului (ICC) este un venit lunar garantat pentru părinții noilor născuți.
Începând cu 1 iulie 2016, Guvernul a implementat, la propunerea Parlamentului, actul normativ prin care a fost majorat cuantumul indemnizației lunare pentru creșterea copilului la 85% din salariul minim brut pe țară garantat în plată de 1.250 lei.

Vezi și
 Pensie minimă socială garantată

Note

Legături externe

Economia României

Indemnizație pentru creșterea și îngrijirea copilului


فوزميد الفوزميدات  وهي تركيبات مماثلة للكوزميدات ولكنها تعتمد على بلازميدات أف .و هو ناقل جينات محدود، لكون المضيف (عادة بكتريا القولون) لا يمكن إلا أن يحتوي على جزيء واحد من الفوزميدات. الفوزميدات هي 40 كيلو زوج قاعدي.
مع ذلك فقلة عدد النسخ قد يوفر ثبوتية أكبر للفوزميدات بالمقارنة مع الكوزميدات.استخدمت الفوزميدات للمساعدة في تقييم مدى دقة تسلسل الجينوم البشري.

مراجع

انظر أيضا

 هندسة وراثية.
 بلازميد.
 كوزميد.

استنساخ
تقنيات علم الأحياء الجزيئي
تقنيات مخبرية
علم الأحياء الجزيئي

فوزميد


Le Fleet Air Reconnaissance Squadron VQ-7 ou VQ-7, connu sous le nom de "Roughnecks", est un escadron de reconnaissance aérienne chargée de la formation des équipages et basée à la Tinker Air Force Base en Oklahoma. Il fait partie de la communauté TACAMO de l'US Navy, dont la mission est de permettre au président des États-Unis et au secrétaire à la Défense de communiquer directement avec les sous-marins, les bombardiers et les silos de missiles de l'arsenal nucléaire des États-Unis pendant une guerre nucléaire.

Historique
Le TACAMO a dû élargir son programme de formation pour inclure tous les postes d'équipage. Anciennement connue sous le nom de Naval Training Support Unit (unité de soutien à la formation navale), et créée en tant que Fleet Replacement Squadron  le , le VQ-7 est le commandement de la .Son objectif  est de fournir un flux constant d'équipages hautement qualifiés aux escadrons opérationnels de TACAMO,  et , sur le E-6B Mercury et le Boeing IDS .

Voir aussi

Notes et références

Liens internes
 Fleet Replacement Squadron
 Histoire de l'United States Navy

Liens externes
 VQ-7 - Site GlobaleSecurity.org
  VQ-7 - Site Seaforces.org
  FRS-(VQ-7) -  Site Wings-Aviation.ch

Fleet air reconnaissance squadron de l'United States Navy
Unité ou formation militaire créée en 2000

VQ-7


Perché leggere i classici (em português: Por que ler os clássicos) é uma coletânea de ensaios do escritor italiano Italo Calvino, publicada postumamente em 1991.

No ensaio que dá título à coleção, o escritor argumenta que as leituras juvenis muitas vezes não são muito frutíferas e fornecem ao jovem leitor apenas modelos, termos de comparação, esquemas de classificação e escalas de valores com os quais se confrontar. A leitura em profundidade, a das entrelinhas, as várias alegorias, as metáforas mais abstratas só se apreendem com a releitura em idade madura, o que, por outro lado, permite reencontrar as constantes mencionadas nos mecanismos internos que já regular o comportamento inconsciente da pessoa.

Por essas razões, torna-se legítimo definir clássico aquele livro que sabe exercer uma influência considerável tanto quando permanece fixo, indelével na memória , quanto quando é removido, permanecendo oculto nas dobras da memória, camuflando-se ou ditando o comportamento do próprio inconsciente. Por isso, a cada releitura de um clássico, muitas vezes acontece de reconhecer as atitudes assimiladas durante as leituras da juventude; justamente por isso, é preciso afirmar que toda releitura de um clássico é uma leitura de descoberta, como se fosse a primeira leitura, e que a primeira leitura de um clássico é na verdade uma releitura. Em suma, um clássico é um livro que nunca terminou de dizer o que tem a dizer.

Dito isso, é óbvio dizer até que ponto todo livro clássico bem definido traz consigo, escondido nas entrelinhas, reminiscências de outros clássicos. Textos clássicos como a Odisseia, as obras de Franz Kafka e Fiódor Dostoiévski, graças aos seus personagens, que incorporam todos os mecanismos internos ocultos em uma pessoa, continuaram a viver até os dias atuais, reencarnando de geração em geração. A leitura de um clássico, portanto, deve nos trazer algumas surpresas, em relação à consideração inicial, por isso é importante ler os textos originais diretamente, evitando críticas, comentários e interpretações. Em última análise, todos os livros são considerados clássicos que estimula uma atitude crítica pessoal, que provoca discursos críticos, mas que continuamente sabe se livrar dela.

O clássico nem sempre nos ensina algo, aliás, muitas vezes é uma confirmação do que sabíamos. Esta descoberta também surpreende: a descoberta de uma relação, de uma espécie de partilha das ideias do autor. Em última análise, podemos definir clássicos como aqueles livros que sempre surpreendem e, em todo caso, não deixam em todos um sentimento de indiferença.

A escola desempenha um papel importante no ensino da leitura, pois, como principal local de formação crítica e cultural das crianças, proporciona aos jovens as ferramentas adequadas à formação do seu próprio gosto clássico, através da comparação com outros textos e, consequentemente, com a aquisição de uma consciência crítica. Além disso, é a própria leitura que forma – às vezes – esse cânone, essa régua, com a qual se medir com os problemas que nos cercam, chegando a formar, em cada jovem leitor, uma verdadeira abordagem pessoal dos problemas da vida.

Livros da Itália

Perché leggere i classici


An Aristida jorullensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Sigismund Kunth. An Aristida jorullensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aristida, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aristida

Aristida jorullensis


Blow-Up (sometimes styled as Blowup or Blow Up) is a 1966 mystery thriller film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni and produced by Carlo Ponti. It was Antonioni's first entirely English-language film and starred David Hemmings alongside Vanessa Redgrave and Sarah Miles. Also featured was 1960s model Veruschka. The film plot was inspired by Julio Cortázar's short story "Las babas del diablo" (1959).

The story is set within the mod subculture of 1960s Swinging London, and follows a fashion photographer (Hemmings) who believes he has unwittingly captured a murder on film. The screenplay was by Antonioni and Tonino Guerra, with English dialogue by British playwright Edward Bond. The cinematographer was Carlo di Palma. The film's non-diegetic music was scored by jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, while rock group the Yardbirds also is featured.

In the main competition section of the Cannes Film Festival, Blow-Up won the Palme d'Or, the festival's highest honour. The American release of the counterculture-era film with its explicit sexual content was in direct defiance of Hollywood's Production Code. Its subsequent critical and box-office success influenced the abandonment of the code in 1968 in favour of the MPAA film rating system.

Blow-Up would inspire subsequent films, including Francis Ford Coppola's The Conversation (1974) and Brian De Palma's Blow Out (1981). In 2012, Blow-Up was ranked No. 144 in the Sight & Sound critics' poll of the world's greatest films.

Plot
After spending the night at a doss house, where he has taken pictures for a book of art photographs, photographer Thomas is late for a photo shoot with model Veruschka at his studio, which in turn makes him late for a shoot with other models later in the morning. He grows bored and walks off, leaving the models and production staff in the lurch. As he leaves the studio two teenage girls, who are aspiring models, ask to speak to him but Thomas drives off to visit an antique shop.

Wandering into Maryon Park, Thomas takes photographs of two lovers. The woman, Jane, is furious at being photographed and pursues Thomas, demanding his film and ultimately tries to snatch his camera. He refuses and photographs her as she runs away through the park. Thomas then meets his agent Ron for lunch and notices a man following him and looking into his car. Back at his studio, Jane arrives, asking desperately for the film. She and Thomas have a conversation and flirt, but he deliberately hands her a different film roll. She, in turn, writes down a false telephone number and gives it to him.

Thomas, curious, makes several zooms of the black-and-white film of Jane and her lover. They reveal Jane worriedly looking at a third person lurking in the trees with a pistol. Thomas excitedly calls Ron, claiming his impromptu photo session may have saved a man's life. Thomas is disturbed by a knock on the door.  It is the two girls again, with whom he has a romp in his studio and falls asleep. Awakening, he finds they hope he will photograph them but he realizes there may be more to the photographs in the park. He tells them to leave, saying, "Tomorrow! Tomorrow!"

Further examination of a blurred figure on the ground under a bush makes Thomas suspect the man in the park may have been murdered after all during the time Thomas was arguing with the woman.

As evening falls the photographer goes back to the park and finds the body of the man, but he has not brought his camera and is scared off by the sound of a twig breaking, as if being stepped on. Thomas returns to find his studio ransacked. All the negatives and prints are gone except for one very grainy blow-up of what is possibly the body.

After driving into town he sees the woman and follows her into a club where The Yardbirds, featuring both Jimmy Page and Jeff Beck on guitar, Keith Relf on vocals, Chris Dreja on bass, and Jim McCarty on drums, are performing the song Stroll On. A buzz in Beck's amplifier angers him so much that he smashes his guitar on stage then throws its neck into the crowd. A riot ensues. The photographer grabs the neck and runs out of the club before anyone can snatch it from him. Then he has second thoughts about it, throws it onto the pavement and walks away. A passer-by picks up the neck and throws it back down, not realizing it is from Beck's guitar. Thomas never locates the elusive woman.

At a drug-drenched party in a house on the Thames near central London the photographer finds Veruschka, who had told him that she was going to Paris; when confronted she says she is in Paris. Thomas asks Ron to come to the park as a witness but cannot convince him of what has happened because Ron is very stoned. Instead, Thomas joins the party and wakes up in the house at sunrise. He returns to the park alone, only to find that the body is gone.

Befuddled, Thomas watches a mime troupe perform a tennis match and after a bit picks up the imaginary ball and throws it back to the two players. As he watches the mime, the sound of the ball being played is heard and his image fades away, leaving only the grass as the film ends.

Cast

Themes

Antonioni's screenplay for Blow-Up forms a "thriller-suspense" revolving around the efforts of a young and successful fashion photographer in his struggle to determine whether a series of snapshots he takes at a public park contain evidence of a murder. As Thomas persists in his role as amateur detective, his quest leads him initially to question his technical mastery over the "hidden truth" recorded by his camera, then toward a confrontation with the realities of his life—a life of "material advantages, gained at the expense of ideals". Finally, the conflicted young man questions the reality of his own existence. Film historian Gordan Gow identifies the object in Antonioni's use of suspense:

In an interview at the time of the film's release, Antonioni stated that the film "is not about man's relationship with man, it is about man's relationship with reality". Indeed, Gow observes that "a mystery without a solution is instrumental to the theme of disorientation in Antonioni's Blow-up.

The theme of uncertainty is sustained until the final moments of the Blow-Up, when Thomas attempts to resolve the contradictions and ambiguities that arise from his investigations and from his own life, but fails to integrate them.

In the final sequence of Blow-Up, a "garishly attired" mime troupe arrives at the park—escapees from the real world. Thomas joins them in their fantasy play, and like the non-existent ball he "sees" during the troupes' faux match, he dissolves from view: "As a creature of the factual world, he no longer exists."

When Blow-Up's denouement is reached Thomas' fate is known and the audience's suspense is resolved, but Antonioni leaves the meaning of the film open to speculation.
Gordon Gow considers alternate interpretations for the film's ending:

Production

Inspirations and Influences
The plot of Blow-Up was inspired by Julio Cortázar's short story "Las babas del diablo" (1959), collected in the book, End of the Game and Other Stories, in turn based on a story told to Cortázar by photographer Sergio Larraín. Subsequently, the short story was retitled "Blow-Up" to connect it with the film. The life of Swinging London photographer David Bailey was also an influence.

Casting
Several people were offered the role of the protagonist, including Sean Connery, who declined when Antonioni refused to show him the script, the photographer David Bailey, and Terence Stamp, who was replaced shortly before filming began after Antonioni found David Hemmings in a stage production of Dylan Thomas's Adventures in the Skin Trade.

Filming

The opening mimes were filmed on the Plaza of The Economist Building in St. James's Street, London, a project by 'New Brutalists' Alison and Peter Smithson that was constructed between 1959 and 1964. The park scenes were at Maryon Park, Charlton, south-east London, and the park has changed little since the film, despite Antonioni painting the grass green to meet his requirements. Photographer John Cowan leased his studio at 39 Princes Place to Antonioni for much of the interior and exterior filming, and Cowan's own photographic murals are featured in the film. Other locations included Heddon Street where the album cover of David Bowie's Ziggy Stardust would be photographed, and Cheyne Walk, in Chelsea.

The rock club scene featuring the Yardbirds performing "Stroll On" – a modified version of "Train Kept A-Rollin'" – was filmed at Elstree Studios, from 12 to 14 October 1966. Also in the rock club scene English broadcaster, journalist, writer Janet Street-Porter appears as a dancing extra in a silver coat and red-and-yellow striped trousers.

Actor Ronan O'Casey claimed that the film's mysterious nature is the product of an "unfinished" production. In a 1999 letter to Roger Ebert, O'Casey wrote that scenes that would have "depict[ed] the planning of the murder and its aftermath – scenes with Vanessa, Sarah Miles, and Jeremy Glover, Vanessa's new young lover who plots with her to murder me – were never shot because the film went seriously over budget." O'Casey had previously told this story to Der Spiegel in 1967, where he stated that Dyson Lovell played the part of the murderous lover. Two scenes in particular give credence to this theory: the first in the restaurant when the new lover's character (played by Lovell), is seen apparently tampering with Thomas' car, and the second when Glover and Redgrave are glimpsed together in a Rover 2000 (which also appears elsewhere) following Thomas' Rolls-Royce.

Thomas drives a rare Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud III 'Chinese Eye' Mulliner Park Ward Drophead Coupé owned by DJ and Television presenter Jimmy Savile. It was originally painted white and painted black by the production. Only approximately 100 coach built Silver Clouds IIIs were made with the unique slanted headlights, and it remains an iconic element of the film.

Release
MGM did not gain approval for the film under the MPAA's Production Code in the United States. The film was condemned by the National Legion of Decency. The code's collapse and revision was foreshadowed when MGM released the film through a subsidiary distributor, Premier Productions, and Blow-Up was shown widely in North American cinemas.

Box office
Writing about Antonioni for Time in 2007, the film writer Richard Corliss stated that the film grossed $20 million (about $ million in ) on a $1.8 million budget and "helped liberate Hollywood from its puritanical prurience".

The film earned $5.9 million (about $ in ) in theatrical rentals in the United States and Canada in 1967.

Critical reception

Film critic Andrew Sarris said the movie was "a mod masterpiece". In Playboy magazine, film critic Arthur Knight wrote that Blow-Up would be "as important and seminal a film as Citizen Kane, Open City, and Hiroshima, Mon Amour – perhaps even more so". Time magazine called the film a "far-out, uptight and vibrantly exciting picture" that represented a "screeching change of creative direction" for Antonioni; the magazine predicted it would "undoubtedly be by far the most popular movie Antonioni has ever made".

Bosley Crowther, film critic of The New York Times, called it a "fascinating picture", but expressed reservations, describing the "usual Antonioni passages of seemingly endless wanderings" as "redundant and long"; nevertheless, he called Blow-Up a "stunning picture – beautifully built up with glowing images and color compositions that get us into the feelings of our man and into the characteristics of the mod world in which he dwells". Even film director Ingmar Bergman, who generally disliked Antonioni, called the film a masterpiece.

Anthony Quinn, writing for The Guardian, described Blow-Up as "a picture about perception and ambiguity," suggesting an association between elements of the film and the Zapruder film of the 1963 Kennedy assassination.

According to author Thomas Beltzer, the film explores the "inherently alienating" qualities of our media, where "the camera has turned us into passive voyeurs, programmable for predictable responses, ultimately helpless and even inhumanly dead". Bilge Eberi of Houston Press notes the contrast between "the sinewy movements of the girls, their psychedelic jumpsuits and slinky dresses and multicolored minis," and "the blurred, frozen, inchoate unknowability of the death contained within his image," explaining that the photograph "is a glimpse of the eternal and elemental – the dead body and the gun are both in the bushes, almost like a natural fact – that completely reorders, or rather disorders, Thomas' world. As an artist, he can't capture it or understand it or do anything with it. As an individual, he can't possess it or consume it."

Roger Ebert described the film as "a hypnotic conjuring act, in which a character is awakened briefly from a deep sleep of bored alienation and then drifts away again. This is the arc of the film. Not 'Swinging London.' Not existential mystery. Not the parallels between what Hemmings does with his photos and what Antonioni does with Hemmings. But simply the observations that we are happy when we are doing what we do well, and unhappy seeking pleasure elsewhere. I imagine Antonioni was happy when he was making this film." In his commentary for the DVD edition of the movie, Peter Brunette connects the film to the existentialist tenet that actions and experiences have no meaning per se, but are given a meaning within a particular context; this is especially borne out by the disposal of the broken guitar after the rock show: "He's rescued the object, this intensely meaningful object. Yet, out of the context, it's just a broken piece of a guitar [...] the important point here being that meaning, and the construction we put on reality, is always a group social function. And it's contextual."

On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an 87% "Certified Fresh" approval rating based on 54 reviews from film critics, with an average rating of 8.3/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 82 out of 100 based on reviews from 15 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

Martin Scorsese included it on a list of "39 Essential Foreign Films for a Young Filmmaker".

Accolades

Home media
Warner Home Video released a Region 1 DVD of the film in 2004. In 2017, the Criterion Collection issued the film on Blu-ray and DVD, featuring a 4K remaster from the original camera negatives, in addition to new bonus materials.

See also

 Blow-Up (soundtrack)
 1966 in film
 List of films featuring surveillance
 Swinging London
 BFI Top 100 British films

Endnotes
  Several people known in 1966 are in the film; others became famous later. The most widely noted cameo was by The Yardbirds who perform "Stroll On" in the last third. Michelangelo Antonioni first asked Eric Burdon to play that scene, but he turned it down. In an interview Sterling Morrison of The Velvet Underground claimed that Antonioni had also asked the Velvet Underground to appear in the film, and the band members were "more than willing", but due to the expense of flying the Velvets over from the US, Antonioni instead decided on an English group. As Keith Relf sings, Jimmy Page and Jeff Beck play to either side along with Chris Dreja and Jim McCarty.
  After Jeff Beck's guitar amplifier fails, he bashes his guitar to bits as The Who did at the time. Michelangelo Antonioni had wanted The Who in Blow-up as he was fascinated by Pete Townshend's guitar-smashing routine.
  Steve Howe of Tomorrow recalled and wrote "We went on the set and started preparing for that guitar-smashing scene in the club. They even went as far as making up a bunch of Gibson 175 replicas and then we got dropped for The Yardbirds who were a bigger name. That's why you see Jeff Beck smashing my guitar rather than his!" Michelangelo Antonioni also considered using The Velvet Underground (signed at the time to a division of MGM Records) in the nightclub scene, but according to guitarist Sterling Morrison, "the expense of bringing the whole entourage to England proved too much for him".
  Janet Street-Porter can be seen dancing in a silver coat and red and yellow striped Carnaby Street trousers during the scene inside the nightclub. A pre-Monty Python Michael Palin can also be seen in the motionless crowd watching The Yardbirds.

Footnotes

Sources
Brunette, Peter (2005). DVD Audio Commentary (Iconic Films).
Gow, Gordon. 1968. Suspense in the Cinema. Castle Books, New York. The Tanvity Press and A. S. Barnes & Co. Inc. Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 68-15196.
Hemmings, David (2004). Blow-Up… and Other Exaggerations – The Autobiography of David Hemmings. Robson Books (London). .
 Includes a translation of Cortázar's original short story.

External links

 Blowup at the British Film Institute

 Where Did They Film That? – film entry
 Peter Bowles on making of Blow-Up
 Blowup Then & Now website
 On the set of Antonioni's Blow-Up and how this film about a '60s fashion photographer compared to the real thing.
 Blow-Up: In the Details – an essay by David Forgacs at The Criterion Collection
 Blow-Up Comprehensive collection of articles, production information, bibliography, and photo gallery, at Neugraphic.com.

1966 drama films
1966 films
1960s British films
1960s English-language films
1960s Italian films
1960s mystery drama films
1960s mystery thriller films
1960s psychological thriller films
British mystery drama films
British mystery thriller films
British psychological thriller films
Counterculture of the 1960s
English-language Italian films
Existentialist films
Fiction about photography
Films about fashion in the United Kingdom
Films about fashion photographers
Films based on short fiction
Films based on works by Julio Cortázar
Films directed by Michelangelo Antonioni
Films produced by Carlo Ponti
Films scored by Herbie Hancock
Films set in London
Films shot at MGM-British Studios
Films shot in London
Films with screenplays by Edward Bond
Films with screenplays by Tonino Guerra
Italian mystery drama films
Italian mystery thriller films
Italian psychological thriller films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Film winners
Palme d'Or winners
Catholic Legion of Decency condemned film

Blowup


Kristina Šolić, hrvatska šahistica iz Đakova, iz ŠK Đakovo.
Deset je puta bila kadetska i juniorska prvakinja Hrvatske. Deseterostruka sudionica na svjetskim i šest puta na europskim prvenstvima u tim kategorijama. Europska doprvakinja u brzopoteznom šahu do 14 godina. Bila je hrvatska reprezentativka u kadetskoj, juniorskoj i seniorskoj kategoriji. Osvojila je naslov međunarodne majstorice i postala najmlađa međunarodna majstorica u povijesti šaha u Hrvatskoj.

Izvori

Hrvatski šahisti
Šport u Đakovu

Kristina Šolić


LMSR may refer to:

London, Midland and Scottish Railway, a former British railway company (1923-1947)
Large, Medium-Speed Roll-on/Roll-off, several classes of Military Sealift Command (MSC) roll-on/roll-off type cargo ships.

LMSR


Nina Donelli (Slovenija, 9. listopada 1997.)  hrvatska i slovenska je pjevačica.

Početak solo karijere

Početkom 2014. godine sklopila je suradnju sa srpskim skladateljom Dušanom Bačićem, s kojim je realizirala svoj prvi singl "Zašto cure boli glava"

Uspješna 2015. godina

Godine 2015. nakon prvog uspješnog singla "Zašto cure boli glava" snimila je drugi singl "Nina zovu me" koji ima preko 669.951 prikaz na Youtubu.

2016. godina

Godine 2016. snimila je četiri nova singla "Šalajdalaj", "Moje tijelo", "Zapalit ću klub",  "Primitivac negativac" s tom pjesmom nastupa na CMC Festivalu u Vodicama.

2017. godina

Godine 2017. nastupat će CMC Festivalu u Vodicama s pjesmom "Ako ako".Snimila je tri singla "Propala veza", "Božić je tu", "Na moj rođendan".Te iste godina izdaje svoj prvi album pod nazivom Glazba, ljubav, život

2018. godina

Nina ima uspješne koncerte u Hrvatskoj i izvan nje,  a najavljuje nove pjesme i duete.

Albumi

 2017. – Glazba, ljubav, život

Pjesme

 2014. – Zašto cure boli glava
 2015. – Nina zovu me
 2016. – Šalajdalaj
 2016. – Moje tijelo
 2016. – Zapalit ću klub
 2016. – Primitivac negativac
 2017. – Ako ako
 2017. – Propala veza
 2017. – Božić je tu
 2017. – Na moj rođendan
 2017. – Glumica
 2017. – Bogati tata ft. Djomla KS
 2018. – Luda večer ft. Milo Stavros
 2018. – Dalmatino
 2018. – Ljubav nema kraj
 2019. – Jaka sam žena
 2019. – Mili
 2020. – Ima da te nema
 2020. – Samo jedna je Dalmacija ft. Mladen Grdović
 2021. – Žali nas more ft. Giuliano
 2022. – Ela Ela
 2022. – Lude noći

Hrvatski pjevači
Slovenski pjevači

Nina Donelli


U viši rang, odnosno 1. ŽNL Vukovarsko-srijemsku se plasirao pobjednik NK Mladost Privlaka, dok je u 3. ŽNL Vukovarsko-srijemsku ispao NK Lovas.

Tablica

Izvori

 Županijski nogometni savez Vukovarsko-srijemske županije (podatci dobiveni na osobni upit)

2003-04
vukovarsko-srijemska-2-A

2. ŽNL Vukovarsko-srijemska Grupa A 2003./04.


Mohammed Yunus Akbari (? - Kabul, ?) fue un físico afgano, experto en Física Atómica.

Se doctoró en física nuclear y de  ponganse a estudiar  en el Instituto de Física y Tecnología de Moscú y fue miembro de la UNESCO entre 1965 y 1971. Profesor en las universidades de Kabul y Jalalabad, fue detenido en tres ocasiones entre 1981 y 1983, fue finalmente arrestado y encarcelado sin cargos el 27 de abril de 1983, condenado a muerte en 1984 -acusado de pertenecer al grupo opositor pro-chino Rihayeee- y ejecutado, desconociéndose la fecha y circunstancias exactas de su muerte. Un informe de Amnistía Internacional de junio de 1990 citaba como responsable a Ghulam Faruq Yaqubi, ministro de seguridad estatal del gobierno de Mohammad Najibulá.

Referencias

 BOULOUQUE, S. (1998) "El comunismo en Afganistán". En COURTOIS, S., et al. (eds.), El libro negro del comunismo. Barcelona: Planeta, pp. 788-811.
 HASSAN KAKAR, M. (1995). Afghanistan: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979-1982. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Enlaces externos

 Afghanistan: The case of nuclear physicist Dr Mohammad Younis Akbari (en inglés).

Científicos de Afganistán
Físicos del siglo XX
Afganos del siglo XX

Mohammed Yunus Akbari


Saša Tomić (Sisak, 23. kolovoza 1975.), hrvatski malonogometni sudac i sudac dvoranskog nogometa i bivši nogometaš

Bio je aktivni nogometaš. Zbog obveza na studiju početkom studija na Kineziološkom fakultetu više nije mogao aktivno igrati, ali je htio ostati u nogometu i dvoranskom nogometu te se je okrenuo sudačkom pozivu. 1995. krenuo je s velikim nogometom. Došao je do 1. HNL gdje je tri godine bio pomoćni sudac. 2009. došla je odluka HNS-a o opredjeljenju između velikog ili malog nogometa, opredijelio se za mali nogomet. 2014. godine sudio je završnicu europskog prvenstva u Belgiji i 2018. u Sloveniji. Četiri je puta bio sudcem na završnim turnirima europskog prvenstva u dvoranskom nogometu.
Sudio kao treći i kao drugi sudac na završnim turnirima UEFA-ine Lige prvaka za malonogometaše (UEFA Futsal Cup) 2016., 2017. i 2018. godine.

Bio je i nogometni sudac na utakmicama najvišeg ranga u Hrvatskoj, u 1. HNL.

Nagrade i priznanja
Proglašen za najboljeg sudca na svijetu za 2017. godinu prema izboru malonogometnog portala Futsal Planet,prema izboru novinara diljem svijeta. Godinu poslije ta je nagrada opet otišla hrvatskim sucima, i dobio ju je Nikola Jelić.

Izvori

Hrvatski malonogometni suci
Hrvatski nogometni suci
Hrvatski nogometaši
Životopisi, Sisak

Saša Tomić


Under falsk Flag er en stumfilm fra 1914 instrueret af Sofus Wolder efter manuskript af Harriet Bloch.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1914

Under falsk Flag


Charles Auguste Marie Joseph, Conde de Forbin-Janson (Paris, 3 de novembro de 1785 – Marselha, 12 de julho de 1844) foi um aristocrata e padre francês, notório por ter sido o fundador da ordem Padres da Misericórdia, responsável por buscar evangelizar novamente a França após a Revolução Francesa.

Para além do território francês, Charles também realizou excursões missionárias para o Canadá e nos Estados Unidos.

Biografia

Primeiros anos
Charles nasceu na capital francesa, Paris, em 1785, segundo filho do conde Michel-Palamède de Forbin-Janson e de sua esposa, Cornélie-Henriette-Sophie-Louise-Hortense-Gabrielle, princesa de Galéan. Durante a Revolução Francesa, sua família refugiou-se na Baviera, onde estabeleceram-se e retornaram apenas em 1800. No ano de 1805, aceitou um convite de Napoleão Bonaparte para ser auditor do Conselho de Estado francês. Além do cargo na burocracia estatal francesa, passou a integrar-se a Congregação Mariana, ordem católica que ganhou força após a Supressão da Companhia de Jesus.

Em 1808, Charles entrou para o Seminário de São Suplício. A decisão foi tomada após as discussões públicas entre Napoleão e Papa Pio VII, que fez com que Charles deixasse suas funções na carreira estatal e ingressasse na vida religiosa. Durante o seminário, fez amizade com Eugênio de Mazenod com que partilhou o ideário de ser missionário católico pela França e pelo mundo, ingressando no grupo Missionários Oblatos de Maria Imaculada.

Charles foi ordenado padre em Chambéry,  no dia 15 de dezembro de 1811, por Irénée-Yves Desolle, Bispo de Chambéry. Recém-ordenador e com  desejo missionário, foi aconselhado pelo Papa Pio VII a permanecer na França, onde fundou a ordem Padres da Misericórdia, buscando um novo processo de evangelização dos franceses após a crise no catolicismo francês geradas no contexto da Revolução Francesa.

Missionário
Os Padres de Misericórdia, tinham como prática missionária bater de porta em porta na casa da população em busca de novos evangelizados, o que para época gerou muita popularidade para a Ordem e um reestabelecimento da Igreja Católica com a população francesa. Por ser aristocrata, Charles, chegou a financiar com recursos próprios obras de fé pela França.

No ano de 1817, Forbin-Janson foi enviado para a Síria em uma missão e retornou à França em 1819 e novamente assumiu o trabalho de missionário em sua terra natal até 1823. Com posições monarquistas, associou-se fortemente as políticas de Carlos X de França, porém pelo seu alinhamento, foi um dos alvos da Revolução de Julho, ficando inviável seu retorno para sua diocese em Nancy.

Isolado do posto em sua diocese, Charles, viajou à Roma onde foi apoiado pelo Papa Gregório XVI a seguir sua vida de missionário na América do Norte, em especial nos Estados Unidos e Canadá.

América do Norte
Charles chegou em Nova Iorque em 18 de outubro de 1839. Percebendo a ausência de um local para missas para francófonos, onde ajudou a idealizar a Igreja de São Vicente de Paulo, templo que realizasse missas em francês, em meio de uma Nova Iorque com muitos imigrantes franceses.

Para além de Nova Iorque, Charles ainda teve passagens missionárias pelo Alabama e no Canadá, em Quebec, onde proferiu uma missa na catedral da cidade. Seu último ato nos Estados Unidos foi em 1841, quando passou pelo estado da Pensilvânia e ordenou Peter Richard Kenrick arcebispo da cidade.

Anos posteriores
Charles deixou Nova Iorque em dezembro de 1841, retornando para França. No ano seguinte, dirigiu-se à Roma para contar a experiência evangelizadora nos Estados Unidos para o alto clero católico.
Em 1842, foi para Londres pedir anistia para trinta e oito revoltosos canadenses presos por insubordinação pelo Império Britânico. Retornando à França, esboçou interesse em realizar missões na China, mas não obteve apoio do clero francês.

Morte
Charles morreu inesperadamente no castelo de sua família em Les Aygalades, agora parte da cidade de Marselha. Ele foi enterrado no Cemitério Picpus em Paris, em uma ala reservada para a aristocracia que havia sido morta durante a Revolução Francesa.

Nascidos em 1785
Mortos em 1844
Naturais de Paris
Padres católicos da França
Missionários católicos da França
Nobres da França


Arthur Bennett ( 19 de junio 1843, Croydon - 2 de mayo 1929, Londres) fue un naturalista inglés. Trabajó luego del deceso de Alfred Fryer (1826-1912) en el género Potamogeton, siendo una reconocida autoridad en tal género. Publicó segundas partes de la obra The Potamogetons (Pond Weeds) of the British Isles que había sido publicado por Fryer, en 1898. Con Bennett también trabajó Robert Morgan (1863-1900), que ilustró las contribuciones de Fryer a la monografía.

Otras obras
 . 1929. Second supplement to Watson's 'Topographical botany'''. J. of botany. 99 pp.

 ------------------------. 1927. Notes on Potamogeton . 1915. The potamogetons (pond weeds) of the British Isles: with descriptions of all the species, varieties and hybrids. Ilustró Robert Morgan. Editor L. Reeve & Co. Ltd. 94 pp. Reeditó General Books LLC, 92 pp. 2010 ISBN 1152155024

 . 1914. The Potamogetons of the Philippine Islands. 6 pp.

 ------------------------. 1909. Plants of the Faroe Isles not occurring in Great Britain, and others not occurring in Shetland, Orkney, Caithness, or the Outer Hebrides. 5 pp.

 . 1889. Contributions towards a flora of Caithness. Edición reimpresa de S. Cowan & Co. printers & publishers, 41 pp.

 . 1895. African Potamogetons. Editor West, Newman, 3 pp.

 ------------------------. 1886. Recent additions to the flora of Iceland. Ed. Fiske Icelandic Collection

 Honores
Miembro de
 Sociedad linneana de Londres
 Sociedad Real de Microscopía

 Véase también
 Botánicos que han nombrado plantas de Sudáfrica
 Anexo:naturalistas y epónimos
 Fuentes
 1931. Obituary Notices''. Proc. of the Linnean Soc. of London, 142: 187–229. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.1931.tb01466.x

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Botánicos de Inglaterra del siglo XIX
Botánicos de Inglaterra del siglo XX
Miembros de la Sociedad Linneana de Londres
Presidentes de la Royal Society
Escritores en inglés del siglo XX
Fallecidos en Londres

Arthur Bennett


Étienne-François Coignet, dit François Coignet, né le 31 mai 1798 à Saint-Chamond et mort le 5 octobre 1866 dans la même ville, est un poète et bibliothécaire français.

Biographie
Il est bibliothécaire de la ville de Saint-Chamond, et membre de la Société littéraire, historique et archéologique de Lyon de 1827 à 1831.

Il est l'un des membres-fondateurs de la Société des Étudiants en Droit de Lyon (novembre 1820).

Publications
 Le siège de Lyon, poème dithyrambique (couronné par l'Académie de Lyon le 31 août 1825), Paris, Dupont et Roret, Lyon, Pezieux, 1825, 40 p. (Lire en ligne)
 Dithyrambe sur la mort de M. Antoine Neyrand, Lyon, J.-M. Barret, 1830, 6 p. (Lire en ligne).
 Chant national, dédié à la Garde citoyenne de Lyon, Lyon, P. Perrin, 1830, 4 p.
 Aux deux filles aimées de Loy, poème publié dans Feuilles au vent. Poésies de Jean-Baptiste Desloye, Lyon, L. Boitel, 1840 ([https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3044186s Lire en ligne).

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en mai 1798
Naissance à Saint-Chamond
Poète français du XIXe siècle
Bibliothécaire français
Décès en octobre 1866
Décès à Saint-Chamond
Décès à 68 ans

Étienne-François Coignet