L'Innocent est un film français co-écrit et réalisé par Louis Garrel, sorti en 2022.

Le film est présenté « hors compétition » au Festival de Cannes 2022.

Synopsis
Sylvie, qui anime des ateliers de théâtre en prison, se marie avec Michel, un des détenus, ce qui est mal accepté par son fils Abel, car ce n'est pas la première fois qu'elle se lie avec un détenu et cela mène toujours à des problèmes. Abel est un jeune veuf, qui se sent coupable car sa femme Maud est morte dans un accident de voiture alors qu'il était au volant. Il est très lié avec Clémence, qui était la meilleure amie de Maud. Tous deux travaillent dans un aquarium.

À sa sortie de prison, Michel obtient un local bien situé, dans le but d'ouvrir un magasin de fleurs. Michel n'ayant pas d'argent, Abel se doute (contrairement à sa mère) que Michel est sur un nouveau coup. Il cherche à en savoir plus en l'espionnant, mais se fait remarquer presque à chaque fois. Il découvre aussi par hasard une arme dans la poche du blouson de Michel. À un certain moment, Michel doit partir pour retrouver Jean-Paul, une de ses connaissances. Abel décide de le suivre en cachant le collier connecté du chien de Clémence dans le blouson de Michel. En plus de la localisation, le collier connecté permet à Abel d'écouter la conversation sur son smartphone, ce qui confirme ses doutes.

Furieux contre Michel, Abel se fait expliquer le plan, censé être facile et sans danger : en résumé, voler du caviar dans un camion pendant que le chauffeur mange dans un restaurant où il a ses habitudes. Le problème est que le chauffeur surveille le camion depuis le restaurant ; cependant, l'arrière du camion ne lui est pas visible.
Abel et Clémence sont finalement complices du vol et doivent jouer une scène de ménage au restaurant afin d'attirer l'attention du chauffeur et le retarder.

Au restaurant, Clémence parvient à attirer l'attention du chauffeur, et la fourgonnette de Michel et Jean-Paul peut passer sans être remarquée. Un imprévu se produit : le plat que le chauffeur a l'habitude de prendre n'est pas disponible et le chauffeur passe alors directement au dessert. Cependant, Clémence le retarde en lui demandant de l'aide. Durant leur fausse dispute, Abel avoue son amour à Clémence. Décontenancé, il sort prendre l'air et découvre une voiture qu'il pense appartenir à la police ; il revient chercher Clémence pour partir d'urgence alors qu'ils n'ont pas fini de manger, prétextant un problème de baby-sitter. En fait, Michel est en train de se faire doubler par Jean-Paul et des complices. Contre la volonté d'Abel, Clémence fait croire, cachée, qu'elle est policière et que les braqueurs sont cernés par la police. Des tirs s'ensuivent et Michel reçoit une balle dans la jambe. Abel et Michel s'enfuient en voiture tandis que Clémence prend le volant de la fourgonnette contenant le caviar.

Jean-Paul poursuit Clémence. Sur la route, celle-ci aperçoit une voiture de la gendarmerie stationnée à un carrefour. Elle indique aux gendarmes qu'elle est suivie par un homme. Jean-Paul s'enfuit lorsque les gendarmes se dirigent vers lui. Clémence repart et va mettre le caviar au frais dans l'enclos des manchots de l'aquarium.
Michel est amené à l'hôpital par Abel et sa femme ne le croit pas quand il lui dit qu'il a simplement eu un accident de tournevis à l'atelier, d'autant plus qu'une infirmière vient parler à Michel à propos de « son fils ». Michel avoue à sa femme qu'il s'agit d'Abel, Sylvie lui reproche ses mensonges et surtout d'avoir utilisé son fils pour le coup et elle quitte la pièce sans attendre plus d'explications.
Lors d'un rendez-vous la nuit dans un cimetière pour la livraison du caviar, Abel, qui a été envoyé par Michel, est arrêté par la police. Lors de sa garde à vue, il refuse de dénoncer ses complices et se retrouve en prison, où il se marie plus tard avec Clémence.

Fiche technique

 Titre original : L'Innocent
 Titre anglais : The Innocent
 Réalisation : Louis Garrel
 Scénario : Louis Garrel, Tanguy Viel avec la collaboration de Naïla Guiguet
 Musique : Grégoire Hetzel
 Décors : Jean Rabasse
 Costumes : Corinne Bruand
 Photographie : Julien Poupard
 Son : Laurent Benaïm
 Montage : Pierre Deschamps
 Production : Anne-Dominique Toussaint ; coproduction : Olivier Père
 Sociétés de production : Les Films des Tournelles, Arte France Cinéma, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Cinéma, en association avec la SOFICA LBPI 15
 Société de distribution : Ad Vitam (France)
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : français
 Format : couleur — 2,39:1 — son 5.1
 Genre : comédie
 Durée : 100 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 France :  (Festival de Cannes) ;  (sortie nationale)

Distribution

 Roschdy Zem : Michel Ferrand
 Anouk Grinberg : Sylvie Lefranc
 Noémie Merlant : Clémence Genièvre
 Louis Garrel : Abel Lefranc
 Jean-Claude Pautot : Jean-Paul
 Yanisse Kebbab : le chauffeur du camion transportant du caviar
 Léa Wiazemsky : le témoin du mariage de Sylvie
 Manda Touré : la femme à l'aquarium
 Jean-Claude Bolle-Reddat : Jean-Claude
 Laëtitia Clément : l'infirmière à l'hôpital

Production

Tournage
Le tournage a lieu à Lyon et dans sa métropole du  au , avec une pause pour Noël. Quelques scènes sont tournées ailleurs, comme à Salaise-sur-Sanne (Isère), aux Échets (Ain) et à l'aquarium de Brest.

Accueil

Accueil critique

En France, le site Allociné donne une moyenne de , après avoir recensé  de presse.

En France, la critique est globalement très positive à l'égard du film. Pour la critique de La Voix du Nord, le film est une vraie réussite : .

Le Journal du dimanche va dans ce sens en déclarant :  ; Le Parisien s'exprime ainsi : .

Pour le site Bande à part, , et de rajouter, .

Tout en sobriété, le site Écran Large conclut sa critique ainsi : .

Pour Les Fiches du cinéma, . Pour Première, . Pour le site aVoir-aLire, . L'Obs donne trois étoiles sur quatre, avec une critique vraiment positive sur le film et sur Louis Garrel.

Box-office
Pour son premier jour d'exploitation en France, L'Innocent réalise  (dont  en avant-première), pour . Le film se classe quatrième du box-office des nouveautés, derrière Jack Mimoun et les secrets de Val Verde () et devant Halloween Ends (). Au bout d'une semaine d'exploitation, le film réalise , le plaçant quatrième du box-office, derrière Jack Mimoun () et devant Halloween Ends (). En deuxième semaine, le long métrage réalise  supplémentaires, pour une septième place au classement, derrière Smile () et devant Samouraï Academy ().

Distinctions

Récompenses
 César 2023 :
 Meilleure actrice dans un second rôle pour Noémie Merlant
 Meilleur scénario original
 Festival du film de Cabourg 2023 :
 Meilleure actrice pour Noémie Merlant
 Meilleur acteur pour Louis Garrel

Nominations
 César 2023 :
 Meilleur film
 Meilleure réalisation
 Meilleur acteur pour Louis Garrel
 Meilleure actrice dans un second rôle pour Anouk Grinberg
 Meilleur acteur dans un second rôle pour Roschdy Zem
 Meilleurs costumes
 Meilleur montage
 Meilleur son
 Meilleure musique originale
 César des lycéens

Sélections
 Festival de Cannes 2022 : sélection officielle, hors compétition
 Festival Lumière 2022 : film d'ouverture

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Ariane Allard, « L'Innocent », Positif, , Institut Lumière/Actes Sud, Paris, , ,

Liens externes

Film français sorti en 2022
Comédie policière française
Film de casse français
Film d'Arte
Film tourné à Lyon
Film tourné dans l'Ain
Film tourné en Isère
Film avec un César de la meilleure actrice dans un second rôle
Film avec un César du meilleur scénario original

L'Innocent (film, 2022)


Angerbauer ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Christian Angerbauer (1925–2008), deutscher Bildhauer
 Johann Angerbauer (1929–1977), österreichischer Gold- und Silberschmied sowie akademischer Metallkünstler
 Johannes Angerbauer-Goldhoff (* 1958), österreichischer Schmuckkünstler, Bildhauer und Konzeptkünstler
 Judith Angerbauer (* 1977), deutsche Drehbuchautorin und Filmregisseurin
 Wolfram Angerbauer (1938–2011), deutscher Archivar

Angerbauer


نورس غربي   هو  من الطيور يتبع  النورس من ال النورسية. ويكثر تواجده وتناسله في كندا الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والمكسيك.

انظر أيضاً
 النورس

مراجع

نورس غربي
أنواع القائمة الحمراء غير المهددة
حيوانات منطقة خليج سان فرانسيسكو
طيور وصفت في 1839
نورس
أصنوفات سماها جون جيمس أودوبون

نورس غربي


Skotræ sættes i sko, mens de opbevares, for at holde skoens form og vedligeholde dem.

Der findes flere forskellige former for skotræ. Man kan både købe billige skotræ lavet af plastik, men også dyrere skotræ lavet af cedertræ. Prisen varierer ofte mellem 50 - 200 danske kroner.

Skotræ kaldes også skoblokke og skoudfyldere.
Fodtøj

Skotræ


Baron Kindersley, of West Hoathly in the County of Sussex, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1941 for the businessman Sir Robert Kindersley, chiefly in recognition of his work as President of the National Savings Committee. His second son, the second Baron, was a Brigadier in the Scots Guards.  the title is held by the latter's grandson, the 4th Baron, who succeeded his father in 2013.

Barons Kindersley (1941)
Robert Molesworth Kindersley, 1st Baron Kindersley (1871–1954)
Hugh Kenyon Molesworth Kindersley, 2nd Baron Kindersley (1899–1976)
Robert Hugh Molesworth Kindersley, 3rd Baron Kindersley (1929–2013)
Rupert John Molesworth Kindersley, 4th Baron Kindersley (b. 1955)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son the Hon. Frederick Hugh Molesworth Kindersley (b. 1987)

Notes

References

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1941
Kindersley family

Baron Kindersley


Le sentier de grande randonnée 340 ou GR 340 est un sentier de grande randonnée de France situé en Bretagne. Il fait le tour de Belle-Île-en-Mer en longeant le littoral au plus près, débutant et finissant au Palais. Un sentier d'accès part de Bangor non loin de la côte sud et rejoint l'itinéraire principal à port Kérel.

En 2021, le GR 340 est élu « GR préféré des Français » lors d'un concours de la Fédération française de la randonnée pédestre.

Lien externe

Notes et références

Randonnée dans le Morbihan
340
Belle-Île-en-Mer

Sentier de grande randonnée 340


An Fuirena oedipus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Charles Baron Clarke. An Fuirena oedipus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Fuirena, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Fuirena

Fuirena oedipus


Benizalón , İspanya'nın on yedi otonom bölgesinden en kalabalık ikinci bölge olan Endülüs'e bağlı; İspanya'nın güneyinde bulunan Almería eyaletine bağlı belediye. 2009 yılındaki nüfusu; 286 kişidir. Belediye, 32 km²'lik bir alanı kaplamaktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynak: INE (Spain)

Dış bağlantılar
  Benizalón  - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
  Benizalón - Diputación Provincial de Almería

Benizalón


"දුක්ඛ" යන පාලි යෙදුමේ සංක්‍ෂිප්ත සිංහල අර්ථය "ජීවිතයේ අනිත්‍යතාවයි".පැරණි සංස්කෘතයෙහි දුඃඛ යන යෙදුම විස්තර කිරීමට කුඹල්කරුවාගේ සකපෝරුව යොදා ගෙන ඇත. කුඹල්කරුවා ඔහුගේ සකපෝරුව කරකවන විට මහත් ශබ්දයක් නිකුත් කරන්නේද එය හරි හැටි ක්‍රියාත්මක නොවන්නේද එය දුක්ඛ නොහොත් ජීවිතයේ දුක් විඳීම හා සමානය. එහි විරුද්ධ පැත්ත "සුඛ" නම් වේ. එය උපමා කරන්නේ හොඳින් ක්‍රියාත්මක කෙරෙන හඬ නොනගන සකපෝරුවකටයි. බුද්ධාගමේ ආභාසය ලත් වෙනත් සංස්කෘතිවල ද මෙවැනි උපමා යොදා ගෙන ඇත. උදාහරණයක් ලෙස චීනයේ දුක්ඛ යන යෙදුම විස්තර කිරීමට උපමා කර ගන්නේ එක් රෝදයක් මදක් කැඩුණු ගැලකි. රෝදයේ කැඩුණු තැන බිම වදින  හැම විටකම කරත්තය පදවන්නා ගැස්සීමකට ලක් වේ.

දුක්ඛ යන්න සාමාන්‍යයෙන් "දුක" ලෙස පර්වර්තනය කළද එහි ඊට වඩා පුළුල් වූ අර්ථයක් ගැබ්ව ඇත්තේය. එහි අසම්පූර්ණත්වය (Imperfection) නොසන්සුන්කම, සන්තාපය සහ අතෘප්තිකර බව යනාදී භාව ද ඇතුළත් වේ. "නිෂේධාත්මක හැඟීම්වල ලක්ෂණය" යන්න සමග සැසඳීමේදී දුක (Suffering) යන වචනයේ තේරුම ඉතා ලුහුඬු එකකි (ජෙෆ්රි පො). එයින් අදහන් වන්නේ සෑම දෙයකම අශුභ පාර්ශවය හෝ අනිත්‍යය යයි කෙනෙකු‍ට සිතෙන්නට පිළිවන. එහෙත් බුද්ධාගමෙහි එවැනි සංකල්පයක් නැත. බුද්ධාගම සර්ව ශුභවාදී හෝ සර්ව අශුභවාදී දර්ශනයක් නොවේ. එය යථාර්ථවාදීය. මෙපරිදි ඉංග්‍රීසි බෞද්ධ ලේඛනවල දුක්ඛ යන වචනය බොහෝ විට හරි හැටි පරිවර්තනය නොවුණු තත්වයක පවතී.දුක්ඛ යන පාළි  වචනයට ඉංග්‍රීසියෙන් දිය හැකි වඩාත් සුදුසුම ආසන්න වචනය වන්නේ "insecurity of life" ය.

දුක්ඛ යන්න කු (ku) (අමිහිරි, දුෂ්කර, දුක වේදනාව) ලෙස චීන බුද්ධාගමෙහි පරිවර්තනය වී ඇත. මෙම වචනය ජපාන බුද්ධාගමේ (Ku)  කු ලෙසද, කොරියාවෙහි (Ko) ලෙසද, ටිබෙටයෙහි (sdug bsngal) ස්දග් බ්ස්න්ගල් ලෙසින්ද පරිවර්තනය වී ඇත.

බුදුන් වහන්සේ දුක්ඛ යන්නෙහි ආකාර තුනක් විස්තර කර ඇත.

මෙහි විස්තර කරන්නේ සියලු සංස්කාර අනිත්‍ය බවයි.. එනම් කිසිදු දෙයක් තම කැමති සේ පවත්වාගෙන යාමට නොහැකි බවයි.  එය පැහැදිළි කරන්නේ මනසේ නිරතුරුව පවතින පෙලීම් සහගත හෝ අතෘප්තිකර  ස්වභාවයයි. එබැවින් එය අසාර හෙවත් තම වසඟයේ නොපැවැතීම යුතු නම් අවබෝධයයි. සෝතාපන්න ඵල ලාභියාගේ සිට මාර්ගඵල ලාභීන් විදර්ශනාවන් මගින් මේ ධර්මතාවය භාවිතා කර කෙලෙස් වලින් සිත මුදවා නිර්වාණය කර යන්නේය.  මාර්ගය පූර්ණය කල රහතන් වහන්සේ  වේදනාව වේදනාව ලෙසද සතුට සතුට ලෙසද විඳින්නේය.

බුදුන් වහන්සේ උන්වහන්සේගේ පළමු මාර්ගඵල තුනෙහි එහි පැවැත්ම ගැනද එයට පැහැදිලි හේතු තිබෙන බවද එයින් මිදීමේ මාර්ගයද උගන්වා ඇත. එම මාර්ගය චතුරාර්ය සත්‍යයෙහි හතර වැන්නයි.

තවත් කරුණු
විභංගප්‍රකරණයේ සච්ච විභංගයට අනුව " තත්ථ කතමං දුක්ඛං අරිය සච්චං? ජාතිපි දුක්ඛා ජරාපි දුක්ඛා මරණම්පි දුක්ඛං සෝක පරිදේව දුක්ඛ දෝමනස්සුපායාසා දුක්ඛා අප්පියෙහි සම්පයෝගෝ දුක්ඛො පියෙහි විප්පයෝගෝ දුක්ඛො  යම්පිච්චං නලභති තම්පි දුක්ඛං සංඛිත්තේන පඤ්චූපදානක්ඛන්ධා දුක්ඛා" යනුවෙන් ද්වාදසාකාර (12) වේ.

ජාති
ජරා
ව්‍යාධි
මරණ
සෝක
පරිදේව
කායික
මානසික
උපායාස
අප්‍රිය සම්ප්‍රයෝගය
ප්‍රිය විප්‍රයෝගය
කැමති දේ  නොලැබීම
පඤ්ච උපාදානස්කන්ධය

එලෙසම සච්චවිභංගයට අනුව සියලු දුක්  "දුඃඛය' කවරෙ යත්: කායික වූ යම් නො සුවයෙක් කායික වූ දුකෙක් කාපහසින් උපන් නො සුව වූ දුක් වූ වෙදයිතයෙක් කාපහසින් උපන් නො සුව වූ දුක් වූ වේදනායෙක් වේ ද, මේ 'දුඃඛ' යි කියනු ලැබේ. "ලෙස

*.ඒනම්  ඉහත සියලු දුක් කායික ද මානසික දුකට අයත් වේ.

ජාති දුක
එනම් ඉපදීමයි. ජාති දුක විවිධ දුක් වලට මූල හේතුව වේ. එසේ ඇති වන දුක් නම්,

දුක්ඛ දුක්ඛය
අමිහිරි අත්දැකීම් නිසා සාමාන්‍යයෙන් ඇතිවන කායික මානසික වේදනා

විපරිණාම  දුක්ඛය
කායික මානසික සුවය නැති වී යාමෙන් ඇතිවන වේදන

සංඛාර දුක්ඛය
සංස්ඛාර ධර්මයන්ගේ ඇති වීම නැති වීම නිසා ඇතිවන වේදනා

පටිච්ඡින්න  දුක්ඛය
අත පය කැඩීම්, බිඳීම්, තුවාල වීම් ආදී පැහැදිලිව පෙනෙන්නට තිබෙන දුක

පරියාය දුක්ඛය
ජාති,ජරා ,ව්‍යාධි ආදී විවිධ ලෙසසින් ඇති වන දුක

නිප්පරියාය දුක්ඛය
දුක්ඛ දුක්ඛ මෙයින් අදහස් කෙරේ

මෙබඳු දුක් වලට පෘතග්ජන සත්වයෝ මුහුණ දෙති.

ගර්භා වක්‍රාන්ති මූලික දුක්ඛ-මව් කුස තුළ අත් පා හකුළුවා ගෙන ගත කිරීමට සිඳුවීම.
ගර්භ පරිහරණ  මූලික දුක්ඛ -මවගේ කෑම බීම ගමන් බිමන් ආදී සෑම අවස්ථාවකදීම කුස තුළ සිටියදී පීඩා විඳීමට සිදු වීම.
ගර්භ විපත්ති  මූලික දුක්ඛ- ඇතැම් විට බිහිවන අවස්ථාවේදී වෙදුන් විසින් සැත්කම් ආදිය කිරීම නිසා ඇති වන දුක
  විජායන මූලික දුක්ඛ- පර්‍වතයකින් හෙළනු ලැබූවකු මෙන් හිස යටිකුරුව බිහිවන විට ඇති වන දුක
වහීර් නිෂ්ක්‍රමණ මූලික දුක්ඛ-අළුත් තුවාලයකට ලුනු දමා කොස්සකින් උලන විට ඇති වන දුකට නොදෙවෙනි දුකක් උපත ලද මොහොතේ නාවා පිරිසිදු කරන විට ඇත් වීම
ආත්මෝපක්‍රම  දුක්ඛ- ජීවත් වන අතරතුර ලෝභාදී අකුසල ධර්ම නිසා  ඇති වන දුක
පරෝපක්‍රම  දුක්ඛ- අන්‍යයන් විසින් තැලීම්, කැපීම්, බැනීම් ආදිය  නිසා  ඇති වන දුක

. ජරා දුක -පංච ඉන්ද්‍රියන් දිරාපත් වීම  නිසා  ඇති වන දුක
උදා- ඇස් නොපෙනීම
කන් නොඇසීම

.මරණ දුක- ක්ෂණික මරණ හා සම්මුති මරණ
ආයුක්ඛය
 කම්මක්ඛය
උභයක්ඛය
උපච්ඡේදක
යනුවෙන් මරණය සිවු වැදෑරුම් වේ.
සෝක දුක- තමන් සතු සම්පත් නැති වීම අඹුදරුවන් මිය යාම ආදිය නිසා ඇති වන දුක
පරිදේව දුක- හඬාවැලපීම් නිසා ඇති වන දුක
දුක්ඛ දුක්ඛ -ශාරීරික හා මානසික වේදනා තුන් දොස් කිපීම වැනි හේතු නිසා ඇති වන දුක
 දෝමනස්ස  දුක්ඛ- සිතෙහි හට ගන්නා දුක, දරුවන් අකීකරු වීම්, බිරිඳ දුසිරිතෙහි යෙදීම 	ආදිය නිසා ඇති වන දුක
 උපායාස දුක- හිතවත් ඥාතීන්ගේ මියැදීම  නිසා ඇති වන දුක
අප්‍රිය සම්ප්‍රයෝග දුක- අප්‍රිය පුද්ගලයන් හා වස්තූන් මූණ ගැසීම නිසා ඇති වන දුක
ප්‍රිය විප්‍රයෝග දුක - ආශා කළ පුද්ගලයන් හා වස්තූන්ගෙන් වෙන් වීම නිසා ඇති වන දුක
කැමති දේ  නොලැබී‍මේ දුක - සිතන පතන අයුරින් ඒවා ඉටු නොවීම
 පඤ්ච උපාදානස්කන්ධ දුක - රූප වේදනාදී පඤ්ච උපාදානස්කන්ධ නිසාම ජාති ජරා මරණාදී දුක් හට ගනී. ස්කන්ධ පහම එහෙයින් දුක් වේ.

දුක්ඛ සත්‍යය කෙරෙන් ප්‍රකට වන මූලික ලක්ෂණ 04 කි.

.පීළනට්ඨ
.සංඛතට්ඨ
.සන්තාපට්ඨ
.විපරිණාමට්ඨ

පීළනට්ඨ
සත්වයා ජරාවෙන් හා මරණයෙන් පෙළෙන නිසා පඤ්චස්කන්ධය දුක් සහගතය. සිත කය නිතරම දුකින් පීඩාවට පත් වෙයි. කාම ලෝක රූප ලෝක යන කවර තැනක උපත ලැබූවත් උදව්‍යය පීඩා ඇති වන බැවින් පීළනට්ඨ නම් වේ.

සංඛතට්ඨ
හේතූන්ගේ බලපෑමෙන් ඇති වන බවයි. පඤ්චස්කන්ධය යනු හේතූන්ගෙන් ඇති වූවකි. උත්පාද ,ඨිති ,භංග යන ලක්ෂණ වලින් යුක්ත වෙයි. කුසලාකුසල කර්‍මානුරූපව ඇති වන බැවින් සංඛතට්ඨ නම් වේ.

සන්තාපට්ඨ
සිත කය විවිධ හේතූ නිසා තැවෙයි. එසේ සන්තාපයට පත් කරන බැවින් සන්තාපට්ඨ නම් වේ.

විපරිණාමට්ඨ
පඤ්චස්කන්ධය සථීර නැත. විපරිණාමයට පත් වේ. ඒ නිසා විපරිණාමට්ඨ නම් වේ.

චතුරාර්ය සත්‍යය
ත්‍රිලක්‍ෂණය

දුක්ඛ


10352 Kawamura este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
10352 Kawamura este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Kitami de Kin Endate și Kazuro Watanabe. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,58 ua, o excentricitate de 0,19 și o înclinație de 12,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 10001-11000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1992
Centura de asteroizi

10352 Kawamura


Christopher Comstock (), cunoscut profesional ca Marshmello, este un cântăreț american de muzică dance electronică, producător și DJ.

El este primul care a câștigat recunoașterea internațională prin remixarea melodiilor de Jack Ü și Zedd, iar mai târziu a colaborat cu artiști precum Omar LinX, Slushii, Jauz, Migos, Ookay, Khalid, Selena Gomez, Anne-Marie, Juice WRLD, și Logic. Este chemat ocazional la UNTOLD si alte concerte peste tot in lume.

Discografie

Joytime (2016)
Alone (2017)
Happier (2019)
Joytime II (2018)
 Friends

Referințe

Nașteri în 1992
DJ americani
Producători muzicali americani
Oameni în viață
Muzicieni mascați
Americani cunoscuți sub pseudonimele folosite

Marshmello


كونان مدينة تقع ضمن محافظة آيتشي في اليابان، تأسست في 6/1/1954، بلغ عدد تعداد سكانها في 1 يناير – 2008 حوالي 100064 مساحتها الإجمالية حوالي 30.17 كم2 لتصبح كثافة سكانها 3317 نسمة لكل كيلو متر مربع.

توأمة
لكونان (آيتشي) اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:

 تسوشيما
 فوجيوكا
 توميوكا
 هانيا
 كاسوكابي
 فوجيمي
 فوجيساوا
 فوجيدا
 بوركينا فاسو (2005 - )
 ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة (2005 - )

أعلام
 تسويوشي وادا

مراجع

كونان
مدن محافظة آيتشي

كونان (آيتشي)


Kraliçe ya da ece, Batı uygarlığında halkı yöneten tek güç ve otorite olan kadın yönetici, monark. Kraliçe, iktidarının kaynağını kral hayatta ise, ondan alır. Bunun yanı sıra kraliçe unvanını ebeveynlerinden alan ve eşi kral olmayan kraliçeler de mevcuttur. Kraliçe unvanını ebeveynlerinden alan ve eşi kral olmayan kraliçeyi diğerlerinden ayırmak için "hükümran kraliçe" (Fr. reine regnante) tabiri kullanılır. Hükümran kraliçelerin eşleri kral değildir ve prens konsor ya da sadece prens olarak adlandırılırlar. Krallığın imparatorluğa dönüştüğü durumlarda kraliçe, imparatoriçe unvanını kullanabilir.

Birleşik Krallık'ta kullanımı
Birleşik Krallık kralı III. Charles'ın eşi Camilla, kraliçe unvanını konsort kraliçe olarak taşımaktadır. Eski Birleşik Krallık kraliçesi II. Elizabeth, unvanını babasından almıştır (hükümran kraliçe) ve eşi Prens Phillip'di. Britanya Krallığı'nın Hindistan'a sahip olduğu dönemlerde kraliçe Victoria, imparatoriçe unvanını kullanmıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 İmparatoriçe
 Düşes

Kraliçe


Togg je turska automobilska tvrtka koja je osnovana kroz zajedničko ulaganje 2018. godine.

Tvrtke i organizacije koje su odlučile surađivati na proizvodnji domaćih automobila u Turskoj najavio je predsjednik Recep Tayyip Erdoğan u studenom 2017. U tu svrhu, turskog proizvođača Togg Car pokrenule su 25. lipnja 2018. Anadolu Group (19 %), BMC (19 %), Kök Group (19 %), Turkcell (19 %), Zorlu Holding (19 %) i TOBB (5 %). Od tada je osnovan turski Automobile Joint Venture Group Inc.

Tvrtka je najavila da će njen prvi automobil biti spreman za masovnu proizvodnju do kraja 2022. godine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena web-stranica tvrtke

Gospodarstvo Turske
Proizvođači automobila

Togg


Bahire Bediş Morova Aydilek (1897 - 10 Kasım 1938), kadınlara seçme-seçilme hakkı tanındığı 1935 yılında TBMM'ye giren 14 kadın milletvekilinden biridir.

1897'de Bosna'da doğdu. Tahsilini Bolu'da yaptı. Milletvekili seçilmeden önce Bolu Kız Sanat Okulu'nda resim öğretmenliği yapmaktaydı ve Bolu Belediye Meclisi üyesiydi. 5. dönemde Konya milletvekilliği yaptı. 10 Kasım 1938 günü, tesadüfen Atatürk'le aynı gün öldü.

Kaynakça

1897 doğumlular
1938 yılında ölenler
TBMM 5. dönem Konya milletvekilleri
Türk kadın milletvekilleri
Bolu belediye meclis üyeleri
Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi mensubu siyasetçiler
Türk öğretmenler

Bahire Bediş Morova Aydilek


The North Cascades are a section of the Cascade Range of western North America. They span the border between the Canadian province of British Columbia and the U.S. state of Washington and are officially named in the U.S. and Canada  as the Cascade Mountains.  The portion in Canada is known to Americans as the Canadian Cascades, a designation that also includes the mountains above the east bank of the Fraser Canyon as far north as the town of Lytton, at the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers.

They are predominantly non-volcanic, but include the stratovolcanoes Mount Baker, Glacier Peak and Coquihalla Mountain, which are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc.

Geography
The U.S. section of the North Cascades and the adjoining Skagit Range in British Columbia are most notable for their dramatic scenery and challenging mountaineering, both resulting from their steep, rugged topography. While most of the peaks are under  in elevation, the low valleys provide great local relief, often over . The summits of the rest of the Canadian Cascades are not glaciated in the same way and feature rock "horns" rising from plateau-like uplands, with the Manning Park and Cathedral Park areas known for their extensive alpine meadows, as is also the case with the eastern flank of the US portion of the range. Portions of the US side of the range are protected as part of North Cascades National Park.

The large amount of precipitation, much of it in the form of snow, and the resulting glaciation, combine with the regional uplift to create a dramatic landscape in the western part of the range. Deep, U-shaped valleys carved by glaciers in Pleistocene time separate sharp ridges and peaks carved into steep shapes by more recent snow and ice.

The eastern and northernmost parts of the range are much more plateau-like in character, though in the case of the northernmost areas graven by deep valleys along the flank of the Fraser Canyon, notably that of the Anderson River.

Extent

The Fraser River and the adjoining lowland on its south bank form the northern and northwestern boundary of the range. On the east, the Okanogan River and the Columbia River bound the range in the United States, while the northeastern boundary of the range departs the Thompson via the Nicoamen River and runs via Lawless Creek, the Tulameen River and Copper Creek to the Similkameen River. On the west, the foothills of the range are separated by a narrow coastal plain from Puget Sound except along Chuckanut Drive between Bellingham and Mount Vernon, where they abut the Sound directly.

The southern boundary of the North Cascades is less definite. For the purposes of this article, it will be taken as U.S. Highway 2, running over Stevens Pass, or equivalently, the Skykomish River, Nason Creek, and the lower Wenatchee River. This roughly follows Beckey's geologic division in Cascade Alpine Guide and the definition used by Peakbagger.com. Sometimes the southern boundary is defined by Snoqualmie Pass and the approximate route of Interstate 90. Sometimes the term "North Cascades" or "northern Cascades" is used for the entire range north of the Columbia River.

Geologically, the rocks of the North Cascades extend south beyond Stevens Pass and west into the San Juan Islands. The significance of the geologic transitions to the Okanagan Highland to the east and the Interior Plateau and Coast Mountains to the north are less agreed upon.

Climate
The climate in the North Cascades varies considerably by location and elevation. The western slope of the range is wet and cool, with  of precipitation per year. This produces a temperate rain forest climate in the low valleys, which then grades into montane and alpine climates on mountain slopes and peaks. Summers are comparatively dry, with far less precipitation than in winter; sometimes the warmer eastern air and cooler western air meet at the Cascades during the summer months, and form thunderstorms. Sometimes, the storms move downwind into lowland cities. The eastern slope lies in the rain shadow of the range, since prevailing winds and most moisture come from the west, and hence is significantly drier than the western side of the main divide, becoming semi-arid in the eastern lowlands. As with most mountainous areas, precipitation increases dramatically with increasing elevation. As a result, there is a great deal of winter snow and glaciation in the high North Cascades.

The eastern slopes and mountain passes can receive significant snowfall. Cold Arctic air can flow south from British Columbia through the Okanogan River valley into the bowl-like basin east of the Cascades. Cold air damming causes this Arctic air to bank up along the eastern Cascade slopes, especially into the lower passes, such as Snoqualmie Pass and Stevens Pass. The milder, Pacific-influenced air moving east over the Cascades is often forced aloft by the cold air held in place in the passes due to cold air damming. As a result, the passes often receive more snow than higher areas in the Cascades. This effect makes the relatively low elevation ski resorts at Snoqualmie Pass (about ) and Stevens Pass (about ) possible.

Subranges

North Cascades
Skagit Range
Picket Range
Chuckanut Mountains
Entiat Mountains
Chelan Mountains
Methow Mountains (also called Sawtooth Ridge)
Skagit River Group

Canadian Cascades
Skagit Range
Hope Mountains
Cheam Range
Hozameen Range
Bedded Range
Okanagan Range
Coquihalla Range (name is unofficial)
Llamoid Group (name is unofficial)
Anderson River Group (name is unofficial)

Notable peaks
The following North Cascades peaks are notable for their height (absolute elevation):

(The above table uses a topographic prominence cutoff of , in order to list only highly independent peaks.)

The following peaks are notable for their topographic prominence:

The following peaks are notable for their large, steep rise above local terrain. Peaks are listed in descending order by elevation.

Highest waterfalls

The North Cascades are known for having many extremely tall glacial-fed waterfalls; the ten highest measured waterfalls are listed.

Many tall waterfalls occur where meltwater from mountain glaciers drop down a headwall, which are common occurrences in the North Cascades. Many waterfalls, despite their great height, are non-notable as they are not clearly visible and often have low volume. Seahpo Peak Falls, despite its great height at nearly , is an example of one of these waterfalls. A few notable exceptions do occur; Sulphide Creek Falls occurs where meltwaters from two of the largest Mount Shuksan glaciers are forced through a narrow chute over a  headwall at the head of Sulphide Valley.

Geology

The bulk of the North Cascades consists of "deformed and metamorphosed, structurally complex pre-Tertiary rocks". These originated in diverse locations around the globe: the area is built of several ("perhaps ten or more") different terranes of different ages and origins. These terranes are separated by a series of ancient faults, the most significant being the Straight Creek Fault, which runs north–south from north of Yale, British Columbia, through Hope, Marblemount, Washington, and down to Kachess Lake near Snoqualmie Pass. There is evidence of significant strike-slip movement on this fault in the past, with similar rocks on either side of the fault separated by dozens of miles. This is thought to be related to northward tectonic movement of the West Coast relative to the rest of North America.

Since about 35 million years ago, oceanic crust from the Pacific Ocean has been subducting under the continental margin, which has formed the current volcanoes as well as a number of igneous intrusions composed of diorite and gabbro. The current uplift of the Cascade Range began around 8 million years ago.

Rocks similar to those in the North Cascades continue north to the vicinity of Mount Meager massif in the Coast Mountains, where they abut the Stikinia Terrane of the Omineca-Intermontane Province that dominates the Interior Plateau of British Columbia. This geologic similarity between the North Cascades and Coast Mountains results in a fairly arbitrary boundary between the two.

In British Columbia, the western geologic boundary of the North Cascades is defined as the Fraser River as it follows the Straight Creek Fault, while in the United States the western boundary is defined by the Puget Lowlands in the west, although there are significant westward extensions of rocks similar in origin to those in the North Cascades found in the San Juan Islands.

The eastern geologic boundary of the North Cascades may be marked by the Chewack-Pasayten Fault. This fault separates the easternmost portion of the North Cascades, the Methow Terrane, from the Quesnellia Terrane, one of the Omineca and Intermontane Belts. The fault also separates the Methow River valley, part of the Methow Terrane, from the Okanagan Range, part of the Quesnellia Terrane. The Columbia River Basalt Group bounds the North Cascades to the southeast.

The southern limit of what is geologically considered the "North Cascades" may variously be defined as being the southern limit of exposure of igneous and metamorphic terranes which is generally north of Snoqualmie Pass, Snoqualmie Pass itself, or Naches Pass at the White River Fault Zone.

Glaciers

While alpine glaciers are a defining feature of the Cascade Range as a whole, this is especially true of the North Cascades. The stratovolcanoes (Mount Baker and Glacier Peak) are the most obviously glaciated peaks and have the largest glaciers, but many of the smaller, nonvolcanic peaks are glaciated as well. For example, the portion of the Cascades north of Snoqualmie Pass (roughly the North Cascades as defined in this article) These glaciers all retreated from 1900 to 1950. From 1950 to 1975 many but not all North Cascades glaciers advanced. Since 1975 retreat has become more rapid with all 107 glaciers monitored retreating by 1992. 2015 was an especially damaging year for Cascadian Glaciers, an estimated mass loss of five to ten percent, the single greatest loss in over 50 years. There are approximately 700 glaciers in the range, though some have already disappeared. Since a brief advancing period in the 1950s, most of these glaciers have been  retreating. This is a serious concern to water managers in the region, as the glaciers (and the winter snowpack) form a large reservoir of water. As snow and ice melts in the summer, the resulting meltwater compensates for the seasonal decrease in precipitation. As glaciers retreat they will provide less summer runoff.

The Cascades north of Snoqualmie Pass have 756 glaciers covering  of terrain. For comparison, the entire contiguous United States has about 1,100 glaciers in total, covering .

Ecology

The North Cascades has a diversity of plant species. It contains more than 1630 vascular plant species There are eight distinct life zones that support thousands of plants separately and in their own way. Traveling west to east through the range, one would intersect a number of distinct ecoregions, first getting higher and colder, then getting warmer, yet drier. Each of these component ecoregions can be described by either a tree indicator species, or by a lack of trees: Western hemlock, silver fir, subalpine mountain hemlock, Alpine tundra, subalpine fir, and grand fir/Douglas-fir.

The range also has a rich diversity of animals, including bald eagles, wolves, grizzly bears, mountain lions and black bears. The range is home to at least 75 species of mammals and 200 species of birds that either pass through or use the North Cascades for a breeding area. There are also 11 species of fish on the west side of the Cascades. Examples of amphibian species occurring in the North Cascades include the western toad (Bufo boreas) and the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa).

The biodiversity of the area is threatened by global climate change and invasive exotic plant species. These exotic plants thrive by utilizing manmade structures such as roads and trails. These invasive plants include the diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea).

History

On the United States side of the border, early inhabitants of the North Cascades included the Nooksack, Skagit, and Sauk-Suiattle tribes on the west, and the Okanagan people on the eastern side, with the Nlaka'pamux people of what is now Canada claiming hunting territory in the heart of the range, south across the border into Washington. The tribes living and using the range on the Canadian side of the border are the Nlaka'pamux, Sto:lo and the Upper and Lower Similkameen subgroups of the Okanagan. A now-extinct group known as the Nicola Athapaskans also inhabited and hunted in the area now occupied by the Similkameen. Many current geographic names in the region are derived from native terms, either by transliteration or translation. Beckey notes that "Many names were derived from Chinook Jargon, mostly applied by the United States Forest Service from 1910 to 1940...."

Fur traders entered the area in the first half of the 19th century, coming from Canada and from Astoria on the Columbia River. One of the earliest was Alexander Ross of the North West Company, who crossed the range in the summer of 1814, probably via Cascade Pass. The period of uncertainty surrounding the disputed Oregon Country gave way following partition along the 49th Parallel to a period of tentative U.S. Army exploration in tandem with violent subjugation of Indian tribes on the American side of the frontier in the second half of the century. With the partition, the Hudson's Bay Company was forced to seek an alternative to its older Brigade Trail via the Okanogan River and the construction of a new route over the northern spine of the Canadian Cascades from the area of Spuzzum into the valley of the Coldwater River to connect fort Langley on the lower Fraser with its northern posts in New Caledonia. The route was impracticable and was soon abandoned, though more southerly routes through what is now Manning Park laid the foundations for later routes such as the Dewdney Trail and the modern Crowsnest Highway via Allison Pass, and was later similar to a route via the Coquihalla Pass for its southern mainline. South of the boundary, reconnaissance for possible railroad routes (none of which were viable north of the one eventually put in over Stevens Pass, at the southern edge of the North Cascades) and various mining rushes.

Miners dominated the exploration and development of the range from the 1880s through the early 20th century. For example, mines around the boomtown of Monte Cristo, in the southwest portion of the North Cascades, produced "between $1 and $2.7 million in silver and gold". The Holden Mine, on the east side of the main divide, produced 106,000 tons of copper and 600,000 ounces of gold. Discovery of gold by American prospectors on the banks of the Thompson River at its confluence with the Nicoamen River, at the northern tip of the range, helped trigger the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush of 1858-1860 which in turn prompted the declaration of the Colony of British Columbia to affirm British possession of territories north of the 49th Parallel. The Fraser rush led to exploration of the Cascades to the east of the canyon and in the valley of the Similkameen River, with minor rushes in the area of Princeton, British Columbia in 1859 through the early 1860s and the creation of non-native towns (on top of much older native ones) at Boston Bar, Lytton and Hope, as well as Princeton.

Early settlers also arrived in the foothills of the North Cascades in the latter half of the 19th century, and utilized the range in a limited way as a source of timber and grazing land. However, the range is so rugged that this exploitation was less dramatic than in other more gentle landscapes.

Early recreational use of the range included expeditions by the local climbing clubs, The Mountaineers and The Mazamas. These groups did not fully explore the inner reaches of the range and ascend the most difficult peaks until the 1930s and 1940s. It was not until the 1970s, that most peaks were climbed in the most isolated areas, making it one of the last explored ranges in the contiguous United States.

Climbing

The North Cascades are often referred as the "American Alps" by hikers, climbers and mountaineers because of the sea of steep, jagged peaks that span across the range. This range's rugged approaches and exceptional alpine terrain make it a premiere training ground for mountain climbers.

Protected areas
Chief among the protected areas in Washington is North Cascades National Park, occupying much of the area between Mount Baker and the Cascade divide. Contiguous with the Park are Ross Lake National Recreation Area and Lake Chelan National Recreation Area. Designated wilderness areas in the range include:

 Mount Baker Wilderness
 Glacier Peak Wilderness
 Boulder River Wilderness
 Henry M. Jackson Wilderness,
 Lake Chelan-Sawtooth Wilderness
 Noisy-Diobsud Wilderness
 Pasayten Wilderness
 Stephen Mather Wilderness
 Wild Sky Wilderness

In British Columbia, protected areas include

 Skagit Valley Provincial Park
 E.C. Manning Provincial Park
 Cascade Recreation Area
 Cathedral Provincial Park
 Sx̱ótsaqel/Chilliwack Lake Provincial Park
 Coquihalla Canyon Provincial Park
 Coquihalla Summit Recreation Area

See also
 Ptarmigan Traverse

Notes

References

External links

 , including the Ross Lake and Lake Chelan National Recreation Areas

.

Cascades north
Cascades north

North Cascades


Dodo, geboren als Dörte Clara Wolff (* 10. Februar 1907 in Berlin; † 22. Dezember 1998 in London), war eine aus Nazideutschland emigrierte jüdische deutsch-englische Malerin und Illustratorin der Neuen Sachlichkeit und des Art déco.

Biografie
Dörte Wolff wuchs als zweite Tochter in einer wohlhabenden assimilierten jüdischen Familie in Berlin auf. Von 1923 bis 1926 machte sie eine Ausbildung an der Schule Reimann in Berlin-Schöneberg, einer renommierten  privaten Kunst- und Kunstgewerbeschule. Zu ihren Lehrern gehörten unter anderem Moriz Melzer und Georg Tappert, die jeweils Porträtzeichnen, Aktzeichnen und Komposition lehrten. Sie belegte ferner Kurse in Mode- und Kostümentwurf bei Rolf Niczky, Kenan und Erna Schmidt-Caroll. Ihre Arbeiten signierte sie bereits während ihrer Ausbildung mit DODO oder DoDo. Zunächst arbeitete sie als freie Modegrafikerin; unter anderem entwarf sie Vogue – Schnittmuster für Fritz Gugenheims Engrosgesellschaft und Seidenweberei Michels & Cie. Für die Uraufführung der Revue Es liegt in der Luft von Mischa Spoliansky und Marcellus Schiffer im Mai 1928 (Regie: Robert Forster-Larrinaga; Bühnenbild: Walter Trier und Emil Pirchan) gestaltete Dodo die Figurinen, darunter insbesondere die Bühnenkostüme für Marlene Dietrich und Margo Lion.

Von September 1927 bis November 1929 gehörte sie zu den Illustratoren des Ulk, des Illustrirten Wochenblatts für Humor und Satire, das seit 1872 als Beilage des von Rudolf Mosse herausgegebenen liberalen Berliner Tageblatts und der Berliner Volks-Zeitung erschien. Dort veröffentlichte sie mehr als 60 Gesellschaftsstudien, die zumeist als Gouachen ausgeführt waren, darunter acht Titelbilder und elf großformatige Doppelmittelseiten. Ihre Illustrationen erschienen zeitgleich mit denen von Jeanne Mammen, ebenfalls zuvor Reimann-Schülerin; mehrere Arbeiten beider Künstlerinnen wurden unmittelbar nebeneinander publiziert.

Im Jahr 1929 heiratete sie den jüdischen Rechtsanwalt und Notar Hans Bürgner (1882–1974); die beiden hatten zwei Kinder, Anja und Thomas Ulrich. Durch den Freundeskreis ihres Ehemanns – Hans Bürgners Schwester Hedwig Abraham (1878–1969) war die Witwe des Psychoanalytikers Karl Abraham – war Dodo mit Psychoanalyse vertraut. 1933 lernte sie über ihre Freundin Polly Tieck, deren Zeitungsbeiträge Dodo gelegentlich illustrierte, den C.G. Jung-Schüler Gerhard Adler (1904–1988) kennen und lieben. Sie folgte ihm nach Zürich, wo sie sich vier Monate von Jungs engster Mitarbeiterin Toni Wolff (1888–1953) in der Burghölzli Klinik analysieren ließ und ihre Träume in Werken ausdrückte, die sie selbst als "unbewusste" Bilder bezeichnete. Dodo arbeitete in der Frühzeit des Nationalsozialismus ab 1934 in Berlin nur noch für jüdische Publikationen, nämlich für die Jüdische Rundschau,  die CV-Zeitung, das Israelitische Familienblatt und das Gemeindeblatt der Jüdischen Gemeinde, in denen regelmäßig ihre Kinderzeichnungen, Bibelgeschichten und Theaterszenen erschienen.

Im Jahr 1936 emigrierte sie nach London, ihre beiden Kinder wurden wenig später von Tami Oelfken zu ihr nach London gebracht. Sie ließ sich von Bürgner scheiden und heiratete im Sommer 1936 Gerhard Adler. 1938 folgte die Scheidung von Adler und 1945 die zweite Heirat mit Bürgner. Bürgner war nach dem allgemeinen Anwalts-Berufsverbot vom 27. September 1938 ebenfalls nach London ausgewandert, er unterstützte dort unmittelbar den Kindertransport. Nach dem Krieg arbeitete er für die United Restitution Organization (URO) und setzte sich sowohl in London als auch durch den Aufbau der URO-Büros in Düsseldorf und Berlin mit rechtlicher Unterstützung für die Belange der Opfer der nationalsozialistischen Verfolgung ein. Dodo illustrierte im Exil unter dem Namen Dodo Adler Kinderbücher, schuf Gebrauchsgrafiken, entwarf Grußkarten für den Verlag Raphael Tuck & Sons und arbeitete für Paris House London; in der Nachkriegszeit zeichnete sie Akte, Landschaften, Stillleben und schuf eine Vielzahl von Tapisserien nach eigenen Entwürfen.

Werkbetrachtung
Das Werk von Dodo war durch die Emigration in Vergessenheit geraten und wurde erst im Herbst 2009 durch die Sammlerin und Kunsthändlerin Renate Krümmer wiederentdeckt. In Zusammenarbeit mit Krümmer und den Nachkommen der Künstlerin kuratierte Adelheid Rasche von der Kunstbibliothek, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, die erste monografische Ausstellung Dodo (1907–1998) – Ein Leben in Bildern.

Nach Norbert Wolf erreichte Dodo ihren künstlerischen Höhepunkt zwischen 1927 und 1930, ihre Kunst charakterisiert er als "bezeichnend für die Malerei im damaligen Deutschland". Die Haupterfolge ihrer Arbeit lagen in den Illustrationen für den Ulk, bei denen sie sich "neben der allgemeinen Schilderung weltstädterischer Eleganz besonders der gesellschaftlichen Situation und der Persönlichkeitsmodellierung der kessen, selbstbewusst auftretenden 'Neuen Frau' und deren emanzipiertem Rollenverhalten" widmete. In ihren Illustrationen vermischen sich Motive und Arbeitsweise der Neuen Sachlichkeit und des Art déco. Zudem macht sie "mit Mitteln, die der Karikatur entlehnt sind" "auf die Oberflächlichkeit und den Illustrationscharakter der Glamourwelt aufmerksam." Dodo gehört zu denjenigen selbstbewussten Frauen in der Kunst, deren Werk nach vielen Jahren erst im 21. Jahrhundert wiederentdeckt worden ist. Ihre Meisterwerke schuf sie während der Roaring Twenties in der Weimarer Republik.

Werke (Auswahl)

Malerei

 Verkündigung (1933; Aquarell und Bleistift auf Papier, 56 × 32 cm, 1933; Ben Uri Galerie und Museum London)

Buchillustrationen
 Max Samter: Die Versuchung. Eine Erzählung. Textzeichnungen von Dodo Bürgner. Vortrupp-Verlag, Berlin 1934.
 Frieda Mehler: Feiertags-Märchen. Zeichnungen von Dodo Bürgner. Levy, Berlin 1935.
 Die Wunschkiste. Die schönsten Geschichten, Spiele und Rätsel aus dem Kinderblatt der C.-V.-Zeitung. Illustrationen von Dodo bei den Texten "Die Geschichte vom Lämmchen" (von Alice Stein-Landesmann), "Gerdas Geheimnis" (von Setta Cohn-Richter), "Die Kinderschlacht. Ein Chanukkaspiel in einem Aufzug" (von Carl David) und zudem Text und Illustrationen beim Text "Josef und seine Brüder". Philo-Verlag, Berlin 1936.
 Gertrude M. Salinger: Keep-Fit Singing Games. Illustrated by Dodo Adler. Evans Brothers, London 1938.
 Joan Haslip: Fairy Tales from the Balkans. Pictures by Dodo Adler. Collins, London & Glasgow 1943.
 Gladys Malvern: The Dancing Star. Illustrated by Dodo Adler. Collins, London 1944.
 Gertrude M. Salinger: Good Fun Singing Games. Illustrated by Dodo Adler. Ed. J. Burrow & Co., London 1947.

Ausstellungen
Die erste Werkschau von Dodos Arbeiten Dodo (1907–1998) – Ein Leben in Bildern fand von März bis Mai 2012 in den Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin im Kulturforum statt. Dodos Werke wurden von Juni bis September 2012 in London in der Ausstellung The Inspiration of Decadence. Dodo Rediscovered: Berlin to London 1907–1998  in der Ben Uri Gallery, The London Jewish Museum of Art gezeigt. Die Ausstellung Die Neue Frau? Malerinnen und Grafikerinnen der Neuen Sachlichkeit von April – Juli 2015 in der Städtischen Galerie Bietigheim-Bissingen widmete Dodo ein eigenes Kapitel.  In der Bielefelder Kunsthalle war sie von Oktober 2015 bis Februar 2016 in der Ausstellung Einfühlung und Abstraktion. Die Moderne der Frauen in Deutschland vertreten. Die Schirn Kunsthalle Frankfurt zeigte von Oktober 2017 bis Februar 2018 eine Reihe von Dodos Werken in ihrer Ausstellung Glanz und Elend in der Weimarer Republik. Dodos Gouache Logenlogik (1929) wurde zum Markenbild dieser Ausstellung. Dodos Arbeiten waren von Oktober 2018 bis Ende Januar 2019 ebenfalls Bestandteil der Ausstellung Berlin. 1912–1932  in den  Königlichen Museen der Schönen Künste in Brüssel. Die Ausstellung Die schaffende Galatea. Frauen sehen Frauen in der  Kunsthalle "Talstrasse" in Halle (Saale) sowie die Ausstellungen Into the Night. Cabarets & Clubs in Modern Artin der Barbican Art Gallery in London und nachfolgend im  Belvedere  in Wien zeigten Arbeiten von Dodo. Die Hamburger Kunsthalle präsentiert von Dezember 2022 bis April 2023 Dodo-Arbeiten in ihrer Gruppenausstellung FEMME FATALE. Blick – Macht – Gender.

Literatur
 Swantje Kuhfuss-Wickenheiser: Die Reimann-Schule in Berlin und London 1902–1943. Ein jüdisches Unternehmen zur Kunst- und Designausbildung internationaler Prägung bis zur Vernichtung durch das Hitlerregime. Aachen 2009, ISBN 978-3-86858-475-2.
 Renate Krümmer (Hrsg.): Dodo: Leben und Werk 1907–1998. Hatje Cantz, Ostfildern 2012, ISBN 978-3-7757-3274-1. (Englische Ausgabe: Dodo: Life and Work 1907–1998. ISBN 978-3-7757-3275-8.)
 Dodo. In: Norbert Wolf: Art Deco. Prestel Verlag, München 2013, S. 222–226. ISBN 978-3-7913-4763-9.
 Miriam-Esther Owesle: Dodo. Von kunstseidenen Mädchen und verführerischen Vamps, In: Die Neue Frau? Malerinnen und Grafikerinnen der Neuen Sachlichkeit, herausgegeben von der Städtischen Galerie Bietigheim-Bissingen, Publikation zur Ausstellung 2015, S. 46–59. ISBN 978-3-927877-84-9.

Weblinks
 Titelblatt des Ulk Nr. 43, 1928.
 Swantje Karich: Die Zeichnerin Dodo in Berlin. Endlich dürfen wir sie sehen. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung vom 12. April 2012.

Einzelnachweise

Maler (Deutschland)
Grafiker (Deutschland)
Maler der Neuen Sachlichkeit
Maler des Art déco
Illustrator (Deutschland)
Emigrant aus dem Deutschen Reich zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus
Verschollene Generation
Deutscher
Geboren 1907
Gestorben 1998
Frau

Dodo (Künstlerin)


Tirana County (), officially the County of Tirana (), is a county in the Central Region of the Republic of Albania. It is the tenth largest by area and the most populous of the twelve counties, with more than 912,000 people within an area of . The county borders on the Adriatic Sea to the west, the counties of Durrës to the northwest, Dibër to the northeast, Elbasan to the east and Fier to the southwest. It is divided into five municipalities, Tirana, Kamëz, Kavajë, Rrogozhinë and Vorë, with all of whom incorporate twenty-nine administrative units.

Geographically, Tirana extends from the high and rugged Skanderbeg Mountains in the east to the flat shores of the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast along the Mediterranean Sea. Due to its location and the close proximity to the Adriatic Sea, its climate is particularly influenced by a Mediterranean climate with four distinct seasons. Two of the country's fourteen National Parks are located in the county, with Dajti in the center and Divjakë-Karavasta in the southwest.

Historically, Tirana has been populated since Paleolithic times dating back 10,000 to 30,000 years ago. As argued by various archaeologists, the populated places are filled with Ancient Illyrian toponyms, as its precincts are some of the earliest regions in Albania to be inhabited. Nevertheless, the city of Tirana was established as a city centuries later in 1614 during the Ottoman occupation of Albania.

The capital of the county is Tirana, which is also the largest city by area and population in Albania. A gamma-world-city, it is the most influential economic and political center of the country.

History

Pre-Albanian Independence

The region, which presently corresponds to the territory of the county of Tirana, has been continuously inhabited since the Paleolithic some 10,000 to 30,000 years ago, as suggested by evidence from tools excavated near Mount Dajt's quarry and within the Cave of Pëllumbas. As argued by various archaeologists, Tirana and its suburbs are filled with Illyrian toponyms, as its precincts are some of the earliest inhabited regions in Albania. The Illyrians called the settlement Tërana.

The oldest discovery in downtown Tirana was a Roman house, later transformed into an aisleless church with a mosaic-floor, dating to the 3rd century A.D., with other remains found near a medieval temple at Shengjin Fountain in the eastern suburbs. A castle possibly called Tirkan or Theranda, whose remnants are found along Murat Toptani Street, was built by Emperor Justinian in 520 A.D. and restored by Ahmed Pasha Toptani in the 18th century. The area had no special importance in Illyrian and classical times. In 1510, Marin Barleti, an Albanian Catholic priest and scholar, in the biography of the Albanian national hero Skanderbeg referred to this area as a small village.

Geography

Defined in an area of , Tirana County is located in the Central Region of the Republic of Albania and bordered by the Adriatic Sea to the west, the counties of Durrës to the northwest, Dibër to the northeast, Elbasan to the east and Fier to the southwest. The county lies between latitudes 41° and 18° N and longitudes 19° and 56° E. The highest point is Mali me Gropa at  above the Adriatic, though the lowest point is the Adriatic Sea at .

Tirana County from the shorelines of the Mediterranean Sea in the west to the mountains of the Skanderbeg Mountains system in the east. The flat plain of the Albanian Adriatic Sea Coast in the west contains the Myzeqe Plain. To the east lie the hilly, mountainous region of the Skanderbeg Mountains separating the Western Lowlands from the Central Mountain Range. Three rivers traverse the county, including the Erzen River, the Ishëm River and the Shkumbin River along the border with Elbasan County.

Climate

The Adriatic Sea and Skanderbeg Mountains have a particular influence to the climate of Tirana County, though it has a Mediterranean climate with four distinct seasons. Summers are generally warm and dry, while winters are relatively cool and mild, and rarely very cold.  The highest temperature of  was recorded in the city of Tirana, whereas the lowest temperature of  was recorded in the village of Bixë.

Protected areas

The Ministry of Tourism and Environment administers a number of natural sites and protected areas in Tirana County. In conjunction with numerous national natural sites and areas, the National Agency of Protected Areas also manages the Dajti National Park, Divjakë-Karavasta National Park and the Mali me Gropa-Bizë-Martanesh Protected Landscape.

Demography

Tirana County is the most populous and densely populated county of the Republic of Albania, with an increasing number of population. Its center of population is located across the Plain of Tirana, in the metropolitan area of Tirana. The Institute of Statistics (INSTAT) estimated the county's population in 2021 at 912,190, constituting to 32% of Albania's population.

Tirana County has experienced a generally high rate of population increase since the late twentieth century in part due to the fall of communism. Internal migration has been a significant factor in its population growth, especially from Berat, Dibër and Kukës. Nonetheless, the most densely populated areas are positioned in the flat western half, and the region around the relatively small corridor of the city of Tirana, thus the lowest densities are located in the mountainous eastern half.

As of the 2011 Census, in terms of ethnicity, Tirana County was 84.1% Albanian, 0.35% Greek, 0.32% Romani, 0.11% Aromanian, 0.11% Egyptian, 0.07% Macedonian and 0.01% Montenegrin. By language, 99.40% spoke Albanian as a first language. Other spoken languages were Greek (0.12%), Romani (0.12%), Turkish (0.06%), Macedonian (0.05%), Italian (0.03%) and Aromanian (0.02%). By religion, there were 466,760 (62.29%) Muslims, 39,745 (5.30%) Roman Catholics, 37,890 (5.06%) Eastern Orthodox, 19,909 (2.66%) Bektashis, 1,783 (0.24%) Evangelists, 797 (0.11%) other Christians, 29,579 (3.95%) believers without denomination and 270 (0.04%) of other religions. Nonetheless, 20,558 people (2.74%) were irreligious while 113,844 (15.19%) did not declare their religion.

Settlements

Tirana County is overwhelmingly urban, with more than 70% of its population concentrated in cities, towns, and suburbs. There are five incorporated municipalities (bashkia) and 29 administrative units (njësi administrative) in the county. The majority of its population lives in the capital city of Tirana. As of the 2011 Census, the population of the unit stands at 418,495 with the adjacent municipality of Tirana having a population of 557,422 simultaneously constituting the largest metropolitan area in Albania. Other units with a population over 10,000 include Kamëz, Kashar, Paskuqan, Farkë, Kavajë, Dajt and Vorë.

Economy

Transport

Development and maintenance of transportation in Albania are within the functions of the Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy in Tirana. Other entities, such as the Albanian Aviation Authority (AAC) and Albanian Road Authority (ARRSH), provide the same service for the air and land transportation of the country.

Tirana County is served by Nënë Tereza International Airport located in the village of Rinas. It is named in honour of the Albanian Roman Catholic nun and missionary, Mother Teresa, and offers connections to numerous destinations in different countries across Europe, Africa and Asia. The airport carried more than 3.3 million passengers in 2019 and serves as the principal hub for the country's flag carrier, Air Albania.

The county is connected by a well developed system of expressways and motorways. The main west–east corridor is Rruga Shtetërore 2 (SH2), which connects the country's capital Tirana with the country's second largest city Durrës in Durrës County. The north-south corridor is Rruga Shtetërore 3 (SH3), which is currently being transformed into the Autostrada 3 (A3), covering the distance between Tirana and the country's fourth largest city Elbasan in Elbasan County. Rruga Shtetërore 4 (SH4) passes through Kavajë in the west from north to south linking Durrës with Greece. However, after its completion, the Arbër Highway will connect the county with Dibër County and North Macedonia.

Tourism

The contribution of tourism to the economy of Tirana has significantly increased over the past years. Tourism in Tirana relies intensively on its natural environment, diversified cultural life and its abundance of religious and historical landmarks. The government of Albania maintains a series of popular protected areas within the territory including, Dajti National Park, Divjakë-Karavasta National Park and the Mali me Gropa-Bizë-Martanesh Protected Landscape.

See also

 Geography of Albania
 Politics of Albania
 Divisions of Albania

References

External links

 Council of Tirana County official website
 Prefecture of Tirana County official website

Tirana

Tirana County


An Lycurus phleoides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Sigismund Kunth. An Lycurus phleoides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lycurus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Lycurus

Lycurus phleoides


Oscar López (Lanús, 11 de diciembre de 1937 - ) es un exfutbolista y entrenador argentino. Actualmente tiene .

Trayectoria
López empezó su carrera como futbolista en 1957 con Independiente de Avellaneda. En 1960, jugó en Banfield, formó parte del plantel que ganó el campeonato de Segunda División de Argentina en 1962.

En 1966 tuvo un paso por Boca Juniors sin éxito, debido a diversas lesiones. Luego, jugó por Quilmes Atlético Club antes de retornar a Banfield donde se retiró en 1971.

López empezó su carrera como entrenador poco después, hizo dupla en el banco con su colega Oscar Cavallero, ambos dirigieron muchos clubes entre los que destacan Quilmes Atlético Club en 1978, el Arsenal de Sarandí, Ferro Carril Oeste, Almirante Brown, Los Andes, Textil Mandiyú, San Lorenzo de Almagro, Banfield, Atlanta en 1983, Deportivo Español en 1984 hasta 1986, luego al Racing Club de Avellaneda,  Quilmes y Huracán también de Argentina, luego llegaron al Sporting Cristal de Perú un 11 de agosto de 1989 hasta junio de 1990 y a la Selección de fútbol de Armenia.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Perfil en BDFA

Futbolistas de las inferiores del Club Atlético Independiente
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Independiente
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Banfield
Futbolistas del Boca Juniors en los años 1960
Futbolistas del Quilmes Atlético Club en los años 1960
Entrenadores del Club Atlético San Lorenzo de Almagro
Entrenadores del Racing Club
Entrenadores del Arsenal Fútbol Club
Entrenadores del Club Atlético Banfield
Entrenadores del Club Ferro Carril Oeste
Entrenadores del Club Deportivo Español de Buenos Aires
Entrenadores del Quilmes Atlético Club
Entrenadores del Club Atlético Huracán
Entrenadores del Club Sporting Cristal
Entrenadores del FC Pyunik
Entrenadores de la selección de fútbol de Armenia
Futbolistas lanusenses

Oscar López (entrenador)


Mike McConnell (born July 26, 1943) is a former vice admiral in the United States Navy. During his naval career he served as Director of the National Security Agency from 1992 to 1996. His civilian career includes serving as the United States Director of National Intelligence from 20 February 2007 to 27 January 2009 during the Bush administration and also seven days of the Obama administration. He is currently Vice Chairman at Booz Allen Hamilton.

Early life, education, and family
McConnell was born and grew up in Greenville, South Carolina.
 He graduated from Wade Hampton High School (Greenville, South Carolina) in 1964, and first attended college at North Greenville Junior College, later earning a Bachelor of Arts in Economics from Furman University. He holds a Master of Public Administration from George Washington University, and is a graduate of the National Defense University and the National Defense Intelligence College (Strategic Intelligence). He is married to Terry McConnell, and together they have four children and nine grandchildren.

Military and intelligence career

McConnell received his commission in the United States Navy in 1967. He worked as the Intelligence Officer (J2) for the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the United States Secretary of Defense during Operation Desert Shield/Storm and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He developed approaches for improving information flow among intelligence agencies and combat forces in the Gulf War.

From 1992 to 1996, McConnell served as Director of the National Security Agency (NSA). He led NSA as it adapted to the multi-polar threats brought about by the end of the Cold War. Under his leadership, NSA routinely provided global intelligence and information security services to the White House, Cabinet officials, the United States Congress, and a broad array of military and civilian intelligence customers. He also served as a member of the Director of Central Intelligence senior leadership team to address major intelligence programmatic and substantive issues from 1992 until 1996.

In 1996, McConnell retired from the Navy as a vice admiral after 29 years of service – 26 as a career Intelligence Officer. In addition to many of the nation's highest military awards for meritorious service, he holds the nation's highest award for service in the Intelligence Community. He also served as the Chairman of the Intelligence and National Security Alliance.

McConnell was the second person to hold the position of Director of National Intelligence. He was nominated by President George W. Bush on January 5, 2007, and was sworn in at Bolling Air Force Base in Washington, D.C., on February 20, 2007. McConnell's appointment to the post was initially greeted with broad bipartisan support, although he has since attracted criticism for advocating some of the Bush administration's more controversial policies.

Before his nomination as DNI, McConnell had served as a Senior Vice President with the consulting firm Booz Allen Hamilton, focusing on the Intelligence and National Security areas. From 2005 until his confirmation as DNI in 2007, he was also chairman of the board of the Intelligence and National Security Alliance, the "premier not-for-profit, nonpartisan, private sector professional organization providing a structure and interactive forum for thought leadership, the sharing of ideas, and networking within the intelligence and national security communities" whose members include leaders in industry, government, and academia.

On Tuesday, August 14, 2007, McConnell visited Texas with House Intelligence Committee chairman Silvestre Reyes to review border security, and granted a wide-ranging interview to the El Paso Times newspaper, which surprised many in the intelligence community for its candor on sensitive topics such as the recent changes in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act and the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy.  At the end of the interview, McConnell cautioned reporter Chris Roberts that he should consider whether enemies of the U.S. could gain from the information he just shared, leaving it up to the paper to decide what to publish. The El Paso Times put the entire, unexpurgated interview on their website on August 22, with executive editor Dionicio Flores saying "I don't believe it damaged national security or endangered any of our people."

A resurgent Taliban is back in charge over parts of Afghanistan, McConnell told CNN on February 27, 2008, in an assessment that differed from the one made January 2008 by Defense Secretary Robert Gates.

On January 24, 2009, it was announced that McConnell would return to Booz Allen as a Senior Vice President.

Initiatives as DNI

100 Day Plan for Integration and Collaboration

Two months after taking office, McConnell created a series of initiatives designed to build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S. Intelligence Community (IC). His plan, dubbed "100 Day Plan for Integration and Collaboration" focused on efforts to enable the IC to act as a unified enterprise in a collaborative manner. It focused on six enterprise integration priorities:
 Create a Culture of Collaboration
 Foster Collection and Analytic Transformation
 Build Acquisition Excellence and Technology Leadership
 Modernize Business Practices
 Accelerate Information Sharing
 Clarify and Align DNI's Authorities

Subsequently, a 500 Day Plan was designed to sustain the momentum with an expanded set of initiatives and a greater level of participation. It was set to deepen integration of the Community's people, processes, and technologies. The plan addressed a new performance management framework that entails six performance elements that all agencies must have.

500 Day Plan for Integration and Collaboration
The 100 Day Plan was meant to "jump start" a series of initiatives based on a deliberate planning process with specific deadlines and measures to ensure that needed reforms were implemented.  The 500 Day Plan, which started in August 2007, was designed to accelerate and sustain this momentum with an expanded set of initiatives and broader IC participation.  It contains 10 "core" initiatives which will be tracked by the senior leadership in the Intelligence Community, and 33 "enabling" initiatives.  The initiatives are based on the same six focus areas described in the 100 Day Plan.

The top initiatives are:

 Treat Diversity as a Strategic Mission Imperative
 Implement Civilian IC Joint Duty Program
 Enhance Information Sharing Policies, Processes, and Procedures
 Create Collaborative Environment for All Analysts
 Establish National Intelligence Coordination Center
 Implement Acquisition Improvement Plan
 Modernize the Security Clearance Process
 Align Strategy, Budget, and Capabilities through a Strategic Enterprise Management System
 Update Policy Documents Clarifying and Aligning IC Authorities

Director McConnell ended office near the 400th day of his 500-day plan.

Updating FISA
McConnell approached Congress in early August 2007 on the need to "modernize FISA," claiming two changes were needed (initial efforts began in April – see the factsheet for more). First, the Intelligence Community should not be required, because of technology changes since 1978, to obtain court orders to effectively collect foreign intelligence from "foreign targets" located overseas. He also argued that telecoms being sued for violating the nation's wiretapping laws must be protected from liability—regardless of the veracity of the charges. Shortly thereafter, McConnell took an active role  on Capitol Hill for legislation being drafted by Congress. On August 3, McConnell announced that he "strongly oppose[d]" the House's proposal because it wasn't strong enough. After heated debate, Congress updated FISA by passing the Protect America Act of 2007.

On September 10, 2007, testimony before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, McConnell asserted that the recently passed Protect America Act of 2007, which eased restrictions in FISA, had helped foil a major terror plot in Germany.  U.S. intelligence-community officials questioned the accuracy of McConnell's testimony and urged his office to correct it, which he did in a statement issued September 12, 2007. Critics cited the incident as an example of the Bush administration's exaggerated claims and contradictory statements about surveillance activities.  Counterterrorism officials familiar with the background of McConnell's testimony said they did not believe he made inaccurate statements intentionally as part of any strategy by the administration to persuade Congress to make the new eavesdropping law permanent. Those officials said they believed McConnell gave the wrong answer because he was overwhelmed with information and merely mixed up his facts.

In that same testimony, McConnell blamed the death of a kidnapped American soldier in Iraq on the requirements of FISA and the slowness of the courts. However, a timeline later released showed that the delays were mostly inside the NSA, casting doubt again on McConnell's truthfulness.

McConnell, speaking to a Congressional panel in defense of the Protect America Act, said that the Russian and Chinese foreign intelligence services are nearly as active as during the Cold War. In other September 18, 2007 testimony before the House Judiciary Committee, McConnell addressed the NSA warrantless surveillance controversy, saying that that agency had conducted no telephone surveillance of Americans without obtaining a warrant in advance since he became Director of National Intelligence in February, 2007. McConnell called FISA a "foundational law" with "important legacy of protecting the rights of Americans," which was passed in the era of Watergate and in the aftermath of the Church and Pike investigations. He stressed that changes should honor that legacy for privacy and against foreign threats.

Analytic Outreach
July 2008, Director McConnell issued a directive (ICD 205) for analysts to build relationships with outside experts on topics of concern to the intelligence community—a recommendation highlighted in the WMD Commission Report.

Updating Executive Order 12333
Director McConnell worked with the White House to overhaul Executive Order 12333, which outlines fundamental guidance to intelligence agencies. McConnell believes the update is necessary to incorporate the intelligence community's new organizations and new technologies and methods. The redo is expected to help the intelligence agencies work together, and to reflect the post 9/11 threat environment.

In July 2008, President Bush issued Executive Order 13470, which amended 12333.

Information Integration and Sharing
As one of McConnell's last acts as DNI, he signed ICD501 "Discovery and Dissemination or Retrieval of Information Within the Intelligence Community" to dramatically increase access to several databases held by various agencies in the community. The policy establishes rules to govern disputes when access is not granted, with the DNI as the final adjudicator to resolve disputes between organizations. He also established the Intelligence Information Integration Program (I2P) under the leadership of then-CIO Patrick Gorman and then NSA-CIO Dr. Prescott Winter.  The goal of I2P was to create a shared infrastructure and family of shared services as a means to increase information access, sharing and collaboration throughout the US Intelligence Community.

Integrated Planning, Programming and Budgeting System
McConnell led the effort to create an integrated planning, programming, and budgeting system to more fully integrate and optimize the capabilities of the Intelligence Community. Previously, each agency's budget was developed independently and aggregated for Congress. After the issuance of ICD106 Strategic Enterprise Management (IC SEM), the Intelligence Community budget was more closely aligned to strategic goals and objectives, requirements, and performance criteria. ICD 106 was replaced by ICD 116 in 2011 ().

Years after DNI
In early April 2010, Admiral McConnell called for expanding the powers of the DNI by giving him tenure and creating a Department of Intelligence for the DNI to oversee and fully control to settle the continued fighting amongst agencies within various departments.
On February 12, 2020, Admiral McConnell was named the executive director of Cyber Florida.  Cyber Florida is a state-funded organization hosted at USF that works with all 12 public universities in Florida, as well as private industry, government and the military to build partnerships and develop programs that grow and strengthen Florida's cybersecurity industry.

Career overview
 , Mekong Delta, 1967–1968
 Naval Investigative Service, Japan, 1968–1970
 Commander of Middle East Force Operations, 1971–1974
 Executive assistant to Director of Naval Intelligence, 1986–1987
 Chief of Naval Forces Division at National Security Agency, 1987–1988
 Director of Intelligence (N2) Commander in Chief Pacific Fleet, 1989–1990
 Intelligence director for Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1990–1992
 Director of NSA, 1992–1996
 Senior Vice President Booz Allen Hamilton, 1996–2006
Director of National Intelligence, 2007–2009
 Executive Vice President Booz Allen Hamilton, 2009–2012
 Advisory Board Member of the Council on CyberSecurity, 2013
 Executive Director, Cyber Florida. 2020–present.

References

External links

The Office of the Director of National Intelligence Official Website
The Spymaster: Can Mike McConnell fix America's intelligence community? Lawrence Wright, The New Yorker, January 21, 2008
El Paso Times interview transcript El Paso Times, released August 22, 2007
Mike McConnell, Russ Feingold, David Brooks, Bob Woodward, Stephen Hayes Meet the Press, July 22, 2007, transcript of McConnell's first TV interview as Director of National Intelligence
McConnell talks about his views intelligence reform Foreign Affairs, July 1, 2007
A Law Terrorism Outran: We Need a FISA For the 21st Century Mike McConnell, Washington Post, May 21, 2007
John Negroponte and John McConnell Antiwar Radio: Larisa Alexandrovna , January 10, 2007
Security and Strategy in the Age of Discontinuity: A Management Framework for the Post-9/11 World, Ralph W. Shrader and Mike McConnell, Strategy+Business, First Quarter 2002

|-

1943 births
United States Navy personnel of the Gulf War
Booz Allen Hamilton people
Directors of the National Security Agency
Furman University alumni
Trachtenberg School of Public Policy & Public Administration alumni
Living people
National Defense University alumni
National Intelligence University alumni
People from Greenville, South Carolina
People of the Defense Intelligence Agency
United States Directors of National Intelligence
United States Navy vice admirals
Center for a New American Security

Mike McConnell (U.S. Naval officer)


An Axonopus sulcatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni George Alexander Black. An Axonopus sulcatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Axonopus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Axonopus

Axonopus sulcatus


Bercy () is a station on Line 6 and Line 14 of the Paris Métro. It is located at the intersection of the Boulevard de Bercy and the Rue de Bercy in the neighbourhood of Bercy in the 12th arrondissement.

History
The station opened on 1 March 1909 with the opening of the original section of Line 6 from Place d'Italie to Nation (although part of Line 5—some dating back to 2 October 1900—was incorporated into Line 6 on 12 October 1942).

The Line 14 platforms opened on 15 October 1998 as part of the original section of the line from Madeleine to Bibliothèque François Mitterrand. It is named after the streets it is situated in and the neighbourhood of Bercy, which is mentioned in a document written in 1134. Over the centuries the lords of Bercy built a castle there which eventually covered a third of the commune of Bercy, which was absorbed into Paris in 1860. It was the location of the Barrière de Bercy, a gate built for the collection of taxation as part of the Wall of the Farmers-General; the gate was built between 1784 and 1788 and demolished in the 19th century.

From 1972 to 1974, during the pneumatisation of Line 6, the Gare de Paris Bercy, located south of the station, was used to carry out this work. West of Bercy station on Line 6 is the Pont de Bercy, which the line uses to cross the Seine towards the Rive Gauche.

On 16 July 2018, several name signs of the station are temporarily replaced to celebrate the victory of the France national football team at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, as in five other stations. Bercy was humorously renamed Bercy les Bleus (for "Merci les Bleus") as a thank you to the players of the French team.

Passenger services

Access
The station has several exits:
 Access 1, "Bercy Arena": two stairs and an elevator Place du Bataillon-du-Pacifique;
 Access 2, "Rue Corbineau": a staircase at 48, Boulevard de Bercy;
 Access 3, "Gare de Bercy": a fixed staircase on the Rue de Bercy, odd side and two fixed stairs each lined with an escalator on the even side.

Station layout

Platforms
The platforms of the two lines are of standard configuration. Two per stopping point, they are separated by the metro tracks located in the centre. A connection connects the two tunnels, between the track direction Mairie de Saint-Ouen of Line 14 and the track direction Étoile of Line 6.

Line 6 station has an elliptical vault. The decoration is of the style used for most Métro stations, bevelled white ceramic tiles cover the walls, vault and tympanums, while lighting is provided by two tube-canopies. The advertising frames are metallic; the name of the station is inscribed in Parisine font on enamelled plaques. The platforms are equipped with wooden slatted benches.

The architecture of the station of Line 14 follows the principles defined by Bernard Kohn for the whole of Line 14 since 1991, both in the choice of materials (light concrete ceilings, wood on the walls, floor tiles) and for lighting and ceiling height. The platforms are also wider than those of the other lines. The name of the station is written in Parisine font on backlit panels embedded in the walls and on stickers affixed to the platform facades.

Nearby
 Accor Arena (formerly Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy or POPB), a major sports arena, is located to the south of Bercy station.
 The Ministry of the Economy and Finance (Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances), also known simply as "Bercy", is located to the west of Bercy station.
 The Gare de Bercy, serving medium-distance domestic services to Avallon via , Sens and Auxerre.
 The Parc de Bercy (north entrance), also served by Cour Saint-Émilion (south entrance).

Gallery

Notes

References
Roland, Gérard (2003). Stations de métro. D'Abbesses à Wagram. Éditions Bonneton.

Accessible Paris Métro stations
Paris Métro stations in the 12th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1909

Bercy station (Paris Métro)


El Beechcraft Model 50 Twin Bonanza fue un pequeño avión bimotor designado por Beechcraft como transporte ejecutivo para el mercado de los empresarios. Este fue diseñado para llenar una brecha en la línea de productos Beechcraft entre la aeronave monomotor Model 35 Bonanza y el más grande Model 18. El Twin Bonanza es alrededor de un 50% más grande que el Bonanza, posee unos motores más potentes, y es significativamente más pesado, mientras en sus primera variante tenía solo la mitad de la capacidad de pasajeros del Model 18.

Desarrollo
El avión monomotor Bonanza es uno de los aviones de más éxito de la historia de la aviación civil, en producción desde 1947. Como en el caso de algunos otros aviones ligeros, se desarrolló un derivado bimotor para incrementar su rendimiento, pero esta aeronave fue el Model 95 Travel Air (y luego el Model 95-55 Baron, sus descendientes continúan en producción hasta estos días como el Model G58). El Twin Bonanza no es un verdadero derivado bimotor del Bonanza, debido a que su cabina es más ancha y larga, sin embargo, este usa algunos de los componentes del Bonanza, como lo hizo el Travel Air (el cual fue un derivado más cercano desarrollado luego).

El Twin Bonanza voló por primera vez el 15 de noviembre tras un rápido desarrollo, el cual había comenzado solo en abril y su producción comenzó el mismo año. El Ejército de los Estados Unidos adoptó el Twin Bonanza como el transporte utilitario L-23 Seminole, haciéndolo el más grande avión de ala fija en el inventario para ese tiempo. De acuerdo con Ralph Harmon, el diseñador de aeronaves, durante el vuelo de demostración inicial para el Ejército, el piloto de pruebas, Claude Palmer, lo estrelló mientras trataba de aterrizar sobre una línea triple llena de soldados y sacos de arena. Todos los que viajaban a bordo salieron por sí mismos del avión tras el accidente. El Ejército estaba impresionado con la fortaleza estructural del Twin Bonanza, y finalmente adquirió 216 de las aproximadamente 994 unidades producidas.

Diseño
El Twin Bonanza es un monoplano de cabina cerrada de ala baja cantiléver totalmente metálico, inicialmente equipado con dos motores de pistón Lycoming GO-435 montados en las alas, cada uno con una hélice bipala. La cabina tiene espacio para seis personas en asientos de banco, tres en el frente y tres en la parte trasera, con acceso por una puerta lateral en el lado derecho. Para acceder a la puerta, se usa una escalera retráctil de tres escalones. El Twin Bonanza tiene un tren de aterrizaje triciclo con la rueda delantera retrayéndose hacia atrás y las patas principales retrayéndose parcialmente en las góndolas motoras, quedando expuestos los neumáticos para ayudar en el caso de realizar un aterrizaje con las ruedas arriba.

Variantes

 Model 50
 Versión de producción inicial equipada con dos motores Lycoming GO-435-C2, 13 construidos (seis para el Ejército estadounidense, el resto versiones civiles, con los dos primeros números de producción destinados a evaluación de fábrica). En 2010, sólo un Model 50 continúa registrado y volando (número de serie H-7).
 Model B50
 Model 50 mejorado con peso al despegue aumentado, ventanas de cabina extra y calefacción de cabina mejorada, 139 construidos (40 para el Ejército estadounidense).
 Model C50
 Reemplazó al B50; equipado con motores Lycoming GO-480-F1A6 de 275 hp, 155 construidos (uno a la Fuerza Aérea de los Estados Unidos).
 Model D50
 Reemplazó al C50; equipado con motores Lycoming GO-480-G2C6 de 295 hp, 154 construidos (seis al Ejército estadounidense).
 Model D50A
 D50 mejorado, equipado con motores GO-480-G2D6, 44 construidos.
 Model D50B
 D50A mejorado con nuevos escalones de los pasajeros y área de equipaje mejorada, 38 construidos.
 Model D50C
 D50B mejorado con puerta de entrada de estribor con escalerilla incorporada, aire acondicionado mejorado, área de equipaje mayor, 64 construidos.
 Model D50E
 D50C mejorado con ventana extra de babor, ventana trasera de estribor cuadrada, morro puntiagudo y motores Lycoming GO-480-G2F6 de 295 hp, 47 construidos.
 Model E50
 Versión sobrealimentada del D50; con peso al despegue aumentado y motores sobrealimentados GSO-480-B1B6 de 340 hp, 181 construidos (la mayoría al Ejército estadounidense).
 Model F50
 Versión sobrealimentada del D50A con motores GSO-480-B1B6, 26 construidos incluyendo uno convertido al estándar G50.
 Model G50
 Versión sobrealimentada del D50B con motores IGSO-480-A1A6 de 340 hp, capacidad de combustible y peso al despegue incrementados, una conversión desde F50 más 23 construidos.
 Model H50
 Versión sobrealimentada del D50C con peso al despegue incrementado y motores IGSO-480-A1A6, 30 construidos.
 Model J50
 Versión sobrealimentada del D50E con motores IGSO-480-A1B6 de 340 hp y peso al despegue aumentado, 27 construidos.
 Excalibur 800
 Una modificación diseñada originalmente por Swearingen Aircraft y tomada por la Excalibur Aviation Company que remotoriza al Twin Bonanza con dos motores opuestos Avco Lycoming IO-720-A1A de 400hp (298kW) en unas nuevas capotas y sistema de escape revisado. También están disponibles otras mejoras.
 L-23 Seminole
 Versión militar.
 SFERMA PD-146 Marquis
 El prototipo de la conversión SFERMA SF-60 Marquis Baron, equipado con dos motores turbohélice Turbomeca Astazou IIA.

Operadores militares

Especificaciones (D50)

Véase también

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Bridgman, Leonard. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1956–57. New York: The McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1956.
 "The Royal Moroccan Air Force...A Seasoned Air Arm". Air International, November 1985, Vol. 29, No. 5. pp. 226–232, 250–252. .
 Aviation Media, Inc. Wonderful World of Flying. New York: Aviation Media, Inc, 1992.
 Beech Aircraft Corporstion. Beechcraft Bonanza. Wichita, Kan. : Beech Aircraft Corp., 1947.
 Beech Aircraft Corporation. The Story of Beechcraft. Wichita, Kan., 1969.
 Beech Aircraft Corporation. The World of Beechcraft. Wichita, Kan. : Beech Aircraft, 1973.
 Christy, Joe. Beechcraft Guide: Bonanza, Debonair, Musketeer. New York : Modern Aircraft Series, 1962.
 McDaniel, William Herbert. The History of Beech. Wichita, Kan. : McCormick-Armstrong Co. Pub. Division, 1982. ISBN 0-911978-00-3
 Pelletier, Alain J. Beech Aircraft and Their Predecessors. Annapolis, MD. : Naval Institute Press, 1995. ISBN 1-55750-062-2
 Phillips, Edward H. Beechcraft, Pursuit of Perfection: A History of Beechcraft Airplanes. Eagan, Minn. : Flying Books, 1992. ISBN 0-911139-11-7
 Ward, Richard I. Beechcraft Twin Bonanza, Craft of the Masters: The Story of the Beech Civilian Model 50 & Military L-23/U8. Destin, FL. : Aviation Heritage, 1996. ISBN 0-9652727-1-0
 Wixey, Kenneth E. Beechcraft. Stroud: Tempus, 1999. ISBN 0-7524-1617-0

Enlaces externos

0050
Aeronaves de ala baja
Aviones tractores bimotores
Aeronaves civiles utilitarias de los Estados Unidos de los años 1950

Beechcraft Twin Bonanza


مادلين ستو  ممثلة أمريكية من مواليد 18 أغسطس 1958، حاصلة على جائزة الغولدن غلوب 1994 لأفضل فريق ممثلين عن دورهم في فيلم طريق مختصر.

طالعا أيضا
 مسلسل الانتقام
 فيلم انتقام
 فيلم انتقام انجلو

مواقع خارجية

 Madeleine Stowe at بيبول

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من مقاطعة بلانكو (تكساس)
أمريكيون من أصل ألماني
أمريكيون من أصل كوستاريكي
خريجو جامعة جنوب كاليفورنيا
ممثلات أفلام أمريكيات
ممثلات أمريكيات في القرن 20
ممثلات أمريكيات في القرن 21
ممثلات أمريكيات من أصل إسباني وأمريكي لاتيني
ممثلات تلفزيون أمريكيات
ممثلات من أصل ألماني
ممثلات من كاليفورنيا
ممثلات من لوس أنجلوس
ممثلون أمريكيون من ولاية أوريغن
مواليد 1958
مواليد في لوس أنجلوس

مادلين ستو


قرية أبو قوة: من قرى مملكة البحرين التي ما زالت تحافظ على طابعها القروي الأصيل، وهي تقع على الظرف الشرقي من شارع الشيخ خليفة بن سلمان بالقرب من جسر تقاطع منطقة القدم، وتتداخل من جهة الشرق مع قرية السهلة الشمالية، ومن جهة الجنوب تتداخل مع قرية جبلة حبشي. ويبلغ عدد قاطنيها حوالي 1500 نسمة كلهم من البحرينين وما عدا 100 - 150 فرد من الجالية الهندية العاملة في مجال صيانة الطرق، وتسكن هذه الجالية على أطراف قرية أبو قوة. وكانت تشتهر قديما بكثرة النخيل حيث كان معظم سكانها يعمل ( نخالوة).

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة في البحرين
أ

أبو قوة


Triple Trouble, blues sastav iz Splita
 Triple Trouble, rock-blues sastav iz Zadra

Triple Trouble


හින්දුසමයේ ඉතිහාසය ඉන්දුනිම්න ශිෂ්ටාචාරය මෙන් ම ඉන්දු ආර්ය ශිෂ්ටාචාරය දක්වා ද  දිවයන බව දක්නට ලැබේ. කෙසේවුව ද සම්භාව්‍ය හින්දුසමයේ උදාව කි‍්‍රස්තුවවර්ෂ 2 වන සිවසේ සිට සිදුවූ ඉන්දීය බුදුසමයේ පරිහානියත් සමග ඇතිවිය. කි‍්‍රස්තු වර්ෂ 2 වන සියවසේ සිට කි‍්‍රස්තු වර්ෂ 6 වන සියවස දක්වා පරිණාමයට පත් සම්භාව්‍ය හින්දු දර්ශනයේ ශාඛා හයක් පවතී. එනම් සාංඛ්‍ය, යෝග, න්‍යාය, වෛශේෂික, මීමාංසා සහ වේදාන්ත යනුවෙනි. මේවායින් අද පවතින්නේ වේදාන්ත දර්ශනය පමණි. එහෙත් ශිවාගම සහ වෛෂ්ණවාගම එම කාලය තුළදී ම වර්ධනය විය. ඉස්ලාමීය පාලකයින් යටතේ හින්දුසමය  අද දක්වා ම බලපවත්වන භක්ති ව්‍යාපාරයක් පවට පත්වීම ආරම්භවිය.

යටත් විජිත පාලන සමය තුළ බටහිර චින්තනයේ මෙන් ම එකල පැවැති දේශීය ආගමික චින්තනයේ ද ආභාසයෙන් හින්දුසමය තුළ විවිධ ප‍්‍රතිසංස්කරණ ව්‍යාපාර ඇතිවිය. 80්‍ර ක් පමණ වූ හින්දු ජන බහුතරයක් වාසය කළ බි‍්‍රතාන්‍ය ඉන්දියාව 1947 දී ඉන්දීය ජනරජය  බවට පත්වීමත් සමග ම ආගමික පදනමක් මත කොටස්වලට වෙන්විය.

20 වන සියවස තුළ ඉන්දීය ජනයා ලොව පුරා විසිර ගිය අතර ඔවුනගෙන් බොහෝ දෙනෙක් එක්සත් ජනපදයේ සහ එක්සත් රාජධානියේ පදිංචිව සිටිති. ඉන්දීය ජනරජය තුළ 1980 කාලයේ පමණ සිට හින්දු ජාතිවාදය බලවත් දේශපාලන බලවේගයක් ලෙස මතුවිය. 1999 සිට 2004 දක්වා වූ කාලයේදී ඉන්දියාව තුළ ආණ්ඩුවක් පිහිටුවීමට පවා භාරතීය ජනතා පක්ෂයට හැකිවීමෙන් මේ බව පැහැදිලි වෙයි.

පූර්වගාමියෝ

හින්දුසමයේ පූර්ව යුගය පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක සොයාගැනීම්වලින් පමණක් දැනගත හැකි ඉන්දුනිම්න ශිෂ්ටාචාරයට අයත් ආගමික සම්ප‍්‍රදායයන් සහ ඉරානීය වෛදික ආගමික යුගය දක්වා දිවයයි. හින්දුසමය ලොව පවත්නා පැරණිතම ආගම ලෙස සැළකේ.

පුරාවිද්‍යාත්මක සොයාගැනීම්
ප‍්‍රාග් වෛදික ඉන්දුනිම්න ශිෂ්ටාචාරය පිළිබ`ද කැනීම්වලින් එකල මිනිසාගේ ආගමික චර්යා පිළිබ`ද සාක්ෂි එතරම් හමුවී  නොමැත. කෙසේවෙතත් ලැබී තිබෙන සාක්ෂිවලින් යම් යම් ආගමික විශ්වාස එකල පැවැති බවට සාධක හමුවෙයි. නිදසුනක් වශයෙන් සොහොන් බිමක කරන ලද කැණිම්වලින් පෞද්ගලික බඩුබාහිරාදිය ද සමග භූමදානය කරන ලද මළ සිරුරක් හමුවී ඇත. ඒ අනුව මරණින් මතු ජීවිතයක් පිළිබ`ද කිසියම් විශ්වාසයක් ඔවුන් තුළ පැවැති බව පෙනී යයි.

කුඩා ප‍්‍රමාණයේ ප‍්‍රතිමා කිහිපයක් ද සොයාගෙන ඇත. ස්ත‍්‍රීන් තුළ පවත්නා ප‍්‍රජනනය පිළිබ`ද ස්වභාවික ශක්තිය සංකේතාත්මකව පිදීමක් එකළ පැවැති බවට ඒවා සාධක විය හැකිය. මාතෘ දෙව`ගන වන්දනාකිරීම පොදු ඇදහීමකට වඩා නිවෙස්වලට සීමාවූ වන්දනා ක‍්‍රමයක්ව පැවැති බව ද සිතිය හැකිය.

ඉන්දු නිම්නයෙන් සොයාගත් පශුපති යනුවෙන් නම්කළ මුද්‍රාවක්

විසිතුරු අං සහිත පුරුෂ දෙවියෙකුගේ රූපයක් ද දැනට සොයාගෙන ඇත. ඔහු වටා ගවයින් රැුලක් සිටින හෙයින් එය  පශුපති (ගවරැුලෙහි ආරක්ෂකයා* යනුවෙන් පැවැසේ. එම රුව විනාශය පිළිබ`ද හින්දු දෙවියා සේ සැළකෙන ශිවට සමාන බවක් දක්නට ලැබේ. වර්තමාන ශිවාගමෙහි ස`දහන් වන ශිව දෙවියන් , පශුපති යන නම ද ඒ හා බැ`දුනු කථාන්තර පමණක් නොව වෛදික දෙවියෙකු වන රුද්‍ර යන නාමය ද හිිමිකරගෙන ඇත. පශුපති භාවනානුගෝගී ඉරියව්වෙන් සිටිනු දක්වනු ලැබේ. වර්තමාන හින්දුසමයේ තාන්ති‍්‍රක නිකායයන් විසින් ශිව, යෝගේෂ්වර වශයෙන් හ`දුන්වනු ලබන අතර හෙතෙම ආත්ම ඥානයේ ප‍්‍රවීණයා ලෙස ද පිළිගැනේ.

බ‍්‍රහ්ම,  විෂ්ණු සහ ශිව යන ති‍්‍රමූර්තියට සමාන සේ පෙනී යන මුහුණු තුනකින් සමන්විත පශුපති ප‍්‍රතිමා ද අද දක්නට ලැබේ. එය වනාහි වසර පන්දහසක පමණ කාලයක් තිස්සේ අඛණ්ඩව පැවත එන ආගමික සම්ප‍්‍රදායයන්ගේ ආභාසය නූතන හින්දුසමය වෙත ලැබීමේ එක් ප‍්‍රතිඵලයකි.

මධ්‍යකාලීන යුගය

මුස්ලිම් ආක‍්‍රමණය
8 වන සියවසේදී හින්දු පාලකයෝ ස්වකීය ආධිපත්‍යය හින්දුජනයා වෙසෙන භූමිප‍්‍රදේශ හරහා ව්‍යාප්තකිරීම ආරම්භ කළ අතර ඉන්දීය උප මහාද්වීපය තුළ ඉස්ලාම් දහම පැතිරවීම ශතවර්ෂ ගණනාවක් තිස්සේ සිදුවිය. ඉස්ලාම් දහමට හරවාගත් බොහෝ දෙනා ඉන්දීයාවේ දේශීය ආගමිකයින් වන හින්¥හු සහ බෞද්ධයෝ වූහ. ආගමට හරවාගැනීමේ කි‍්‍රයාවලියට උපයෝගී කරගත් සාධක අතර ආක‍්‍රමණිකයින් විසින් තර්ජනය කරනු ලැබීම, දේශපාලන වාසි, හින්¥න් හා බෞද්ධයින් විෂයෙහි ඇතිකළ පීඩාකාරී නීතිමය වාතාවරණ, එකල හින්දු සමාජයේ පැවැති පීඩාකාරී කුල ව්‍යුහය, අන්තර් විවාහ සහ වෙනත් ඉස්ලාමීය දේශවලින් ජනයා ආගමනයවීම යනාදිය වේ. බොහෝ මුස්ලිම් පාලකයෝ හින්දු ආගමික ප‍්‍රතිමා වන්දනාව හෙලා දුටුවෝය. මෙම අවස්ථාවෙන් ප‍්‍රයෝජනගත් මුස්ලිම් ජනයා වටිනා භාණ්ඩ තැන්පත්කර තිබූ හින්දු දේවාල කොල්ලකෑහ. තව ද ඉස්ලාම් ආගමට හරවාගත් හින්¥න් පහත් කොට ද සළකනු ලැබීය.

ගෝව පරීක්ෂණ සභාව
ආසියාවේ පෘතුගීසි අධිරාජ්‍යයට අයත් ඉන්දියාවේ ගෝව නගරයෙහි 1560 දී පිහිටුවන ලද ගෝව පරීක්ෂණ සභාවෙහි අරමුණ වූයේ මූලික වශයෙන් හින්¥න් කි‍්‍රස්තියානි ආගමට හරවා ගැනීමය. එහිදී ද දහස් ගණනක් ජනයා බොහෝවිට බලයෙන් හෝ වධබන්ධනවලට පත්කිරීම මගින් ආගමට හරවා ගන්නා ලදී. 1545 දී ශාන්ත ප‍්‍රැන්සිස් ක්ෂේවියර් විසින් කරන ලද ඉල්ලීමකට අනුව 1552 දී ඔහුගේ මරණය සිදුවී වසර අටකට පසුව මෙම ආයතනය පිහිටුවනු ලැබීය.

හින්දුසමයේ ස්වර්ණමය යුගය (ගුප්ත අධිරාජ්‍ය යුගය)

ගුප්ත රාජවංශය විසින් උතුරු ඉන්දියාව (වින්ද්‍යා කදුවැටියෙන් උතුරු පෙදෙස) පාලනය කරන ලද්දේ සතරවන සහ හයවන සියවස් අතර කාලයේදී ය. මෞර්ය අධිරාජ්‍යය තරමට ම පුළුල් නොවූව ද ගුප්ත පාලනය ඉන්දීය අර්ධද්වීපය තුළ පමණක් නොව යාබද ආසියානු රටවල ද ගැඹුරු සහ පුළුල් සංස්කෘතික බලපැමක් ඇතිකිරීමට සමත් විය.

රමණීය කලාත්මක ගෘහනිර්මාණ ශිල්පක‍්‍රම මෙන් ම ප‍්‍රතිමාකලාවක් ද අනුගමනය කරමින් විවිධ දෙවිවරුන් උදෙසා දේවාල නිර්මාණය කිරීම එකල ආරම්භ විය. එපමණක් නොව වෛද්‍යවිද්‍යාව, පශු වෛද්‍ය කර්මය, ගණිතය, තාරකාවිද්‍යාව සහ තාරකා භෞතිකවිද්‍යාව වැනි විෂයයන් පිළිබද ග‍්‍රන්ථ ද එකල රචනා විය. ආර්යභට්ඨ සහ වරාහමිහිර වැනි ප්‍රකට ආචාර්යවරුන් වාසය කළේ මෙම යුගයේදී ය. ප‍්‍රබල මධ්‍යම ආණ්ඩුවක් ගුප්ත සමයේ පැවැතිය ද යම් ප‍්‍රමාණයක ප‍්‍රාදේශීය පාලනයකට ද එහිදී අවකාශය ලැබුණි.

ගුප්ත සමාජය සංවිධානය වූයේ හින්දු අදහස් පදනම් කරගනිමිනි. දැඩි කුල ක‍්‍රමයක් ද පන්ති ක‍්‍රමයක් ද එහි විය. ගුප්ත යුගයේදී විද්‍යාත්මක හා කලාත්මක නිර්මාණ බිහි කිරීමට හැකිවූයේ එම යුගයේ පැවැති සාමය සහ සෞභාග්‍යය හේතුකොටගෙන ය.

හින්දුසමයේ ඉතිහාසය


Francisco Mendoza (falecido a 29 de março de 1536) foi um prelado católico romano que serviu como Bispo de Palência de 1534 a 1536, Bispo de Zamora de 1527 a 1534 e Bispo de Oviedo de 1525 a 1527.

Ligações externas
  (for Chronology of Bishops)
  (for Chronology of Bishops)
  (for Chronology of Bishops)
  (for Chronology of Bishops)
  (for Chronology of Bishops)
  (for Chronology of Bishops)

Bispos nomeados pelo Papa Clemente VII
Mortos em 1536
Bispos do século XVI

Francisco Mendoza (bispo de Palência)


Olaylar
 Çaka Beyliği, Bizans tarafından yıkıldı.

Doğumlar
 16 Ocak - İsaakios Komnenos, Bizans imparatoru I. Aleksios'un oğlu (ö. 1152'den sonra)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 I. Demetre, Bagrationi hanedanı mensubu Gürcü kralı (ö. 1156)
 III. Konrad, Hohenstaufen Hanedanı'ndan ilk Almanya kralı (ö. 1152)
 Ahmed Yesevî, Türk mutasavvıf ve şair (ö. 1166)

Ölümler
 Şubat - Tâcülmülk, Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu veziri (d. 1046)
 22 Eylül - III. Olaf, Norveç kralı (d. y. 1050)
 13 Kasım - III. Malcolm, İskoç kralı (d. 1031)

1093


Cupressus gigantea er barrtré í Cupressaceae (Grátviðarætt), frá Kína (sv-Tíbet og Yunnan).

Myndir

Tilvísanir

Barrtré

Cupressus gigantea


Kel Aliço (1845, Plevne - 1922, Edirne), Pomak asıllı Türk güreşçi.

Kel Aliço, Bulgaristan'ın Plevne ili Çerven bryag Червен бряг beldesi, İskar Nehri kıyısındaki Koynare(койнаре) köyünde doğmuş meşhur bir yağlı güreşçidir. Saçsız başından dolayı "kel" lakabıyla anılan Aliço, çok sert ve acımasız güreş tekniğinden dolayı "Gaddar Ali" olarak anılırdı. Güreşe küçük yaşta başladı. Yalnız döneminin değil, Türk güreşinin en büyük pehlivanlarından biri olarak tanındı. Abdülaziz'in ilgisini çekerek huzur güreşlerine katıldı. Yıldız Sarayı'nda şamdancı başılığa kadar yükseldi. Kırkpınar'da aralıksız 27 yıl başpehlivanlığı kazandı. 56 yaşındayken kendisine meydan okuyan çırağı Adalı Halil'i yendiğinde; Adalı, Aliço'dan 25 yaş daha küçüktü. Mezarı İpsala'nın Aliçopehlivan köyündedir.

Kaynakça

20. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
1845 doğumlular
Plevne doğumlular
Osmanlı Pomakları
Osmanlı güreşçileri
Edirne'de defnedilenler
Yağlı güreşçiler
Kırkpınar başpehlivanları
Edirne'de ölenler
1922 yılında ölenler
Türk erkek güreşçiler

Kel Aliço


En algèbre, le lemme d'Artin-Tate énonce :

(Ici, « de type fini » signifie « algèbre de type fini » et « fini » signifie « module de type fini ».)

Ce lemme a été introduit par Emil Artin et John Tate en 1951 pour donner une preuve du théorème des zéros de Hilbert.

Le lemme est similaire au théorème d'Eakin-Nagata, qui dit que : si C est fini sur B et C est un anneau noethérien, alors B est un anneau noethérien.

Preuve
La preuve suivante peut être trouvée dans Atiyah-MacDonald. Soient  engendrant  en tant que -algèbre et soient  engendrant  comme -module. On peut alors écrire

avec . Alors  est fini (engendré par ) sur la -algèbre  engendrée par les . En utilisant le fait que  et donc  sont noethériens, le sous-module  est lui aussi fini sur . Puisque  est de type fini en tant que -algèbre,  est aussi une -algèbre de type fini.

Nécessité de la noethérianité
Sans l'hypothèse que A est noethérien, l'énoncé du lemme d'Artin-Tate n'est plus vrai. En effet, pour tout anneau A non noethérien, on peut définir une structure  de A-algèbre sur  en posant . Alors pour tout idéal  qui n'est pas de type fini,  n'est pas de type fini sur A, bien que toutes les autres hypothèses du lemme soient satisfaites.

Références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
Élément entier

Lien externe
http://commalg.subwiki.org/wiki/Artin-Tate_lemma

Algèbre commutative

Lemme d'Artin-Tate


Como tu mujer es el título del 18°. álbum de estudio grabado por la cantante española Rocío Dúrcal. Fue lanzado al mercado bajo el sello discográfico BMG Ariola el 25 de octubre de 1988. El álbum fue escrito y producido por el cantautor mexicano Marco Antonio Solís. Éste sería el primer álbum realizado por Solís para la cantante.

Debido a los problemas legales que tenía el cantautor mexicano Juan Gabriel con su casa disquera, la intérprete no podía seguir grabando sus canciones como era costumbre entre los dos artistas en sus anteriores trabajos musicales, de este modo el integrante y vocalista de Los Bukis en ese entonces, le ofrece a la cantante un par de canciones, aceptando de inmediato su colaboración para la producción de este disco. Su primer sencillo en publicarse "Cómo tu mujer" se convierte en gran éxito en toda Latinoamérica y Estados Unidos, posesionándose rápidamente en el número 1 durante 10 semanas consecutivas en la importante lista musical Hot Latin Tracks, de esta manera se consideró número 1 del año (1989) según la revista Billboard, igualmente considerándose uno de los sencillos más importantes dentro de la carrera discográfica de Rocío Dúrcal. Posteriormente se lanza los sencillos "Qué esperabas de mí", '"Por qué tanta soledad", "Cómo me duele irte perdiendo", "Extrañándote", "El amor más bonito" y "Ya te olvidé" llegando asimismo a los primeros lugares en la lista musical Hot Latin Tracks.

Este álbum le valió para la española muchos premios y reconocimientos importantes entre ellos el "Premios Aplauso FM 98", "Premios TVyNovelas" y el "Premio Long Play" por ser el mejor del primer trimestre del año 1989. Además recibió un cuádruple Disco de Oro en México y Múltiples Disco de Oro y Disco de Platino en Estados Unidos y Suramérica por sus altas ventas del álbum con una cifra superior a los 3 000 000 de copias hasta la actualidad.

Lista de canciones
 Todas las canciones escritas y compuestas por Marco Antonio Solís, excepto donde se indica.

Premios y logros obtenido por el álbum

 Premio "Aplauso FM 98", otorgado por el "Spanish Broadcasting System", en Los Ángeles, California.

 Premio "Long Play" del álbum "Como tu Mujer" por ser el mejor del primer trimestre.

 Premio "TV y Novelas".

Listas musicales

Certificaciones

Músicos
 Rocío Dúrcal (Voz).
 Marco Antonio Solís (Letra y Música).

Notas del álbum
 Realización y Producción: Marco Antonio Solís.
 Letra y música de todos los temas: Marco Antonio Solís.
 Arreglos: Homero Patrón y Marco Antonio Solís.
 Ingenieros: Sergio García.
 Asistente ingeniero: Andy Waterman y Shawn Micheal.
 Grabado en los estudios: Ocean Way Recording Studios, Hollywood, California.
 Discográfica: Ariola Records, BMG Music (LP) y RCA Records (Casete) (CD).
 Distribuidor: RCA International y Ariola International.

Referencias

Álbumes de 1988
Álbumes de España de 1988
Álbumes de Rocío Dúrcal
Álbumes de RCA Records
Álbumes de Ariola Records
Álbumes en español
Álbumes de balada romántica
Álbumes producidos por Marco Antonio Solís

Como tu mujer


Bad Cat er en tyrkisk computeranimationsfilm fra 2016 som er baseret på tegneserien med samme navn af Bülent Üstün.

Handling

Shero er en alkoholiserede, ekstremt voldelige og 100 procent frastødende kat. Efter der bliver sparket ud af huset af ejeren dan begå overlagt mord, for første gang i sit liv virkelig alvorligt forelsket i en kat ved navnet Misscat. Der bliver vendt op og ned på kat Shero liv, da han opdager, at han har en søn. Moren er død, så lille Taco har ikke andre end sin far. Misscat vil sætte ham i lære som far i en dage? Nu er Shero parat til at komme videre med sit liv, men først han med sin søn vil røver en bank og skal blive jagtet af en zombie.

Medvirkende

Udsendelse
Filmen blev udgivet i biografer den 5. februar 2016 i Tyrkiet med oprindelig tyrkisk dubbing, den 2. februar 2017 i Panama med panansk spansk dubbing, den 11. juli 2008 i Argentina med spansk dubbing, 23. november 2017 i Mellemøsten med engelsk dubbing, 18. oktober 2018 i Portugal med portugisisk dubbing. Filmen blev udgivet på DVD og Blu-ray den 6. september 2017 i Benelux med fransk dubbing. Filmen blev dubbet på polsk og screenet i Cinemax den 25. august 2017. Filmen blev dubbet på persisk sprog 2017 i Iran for video on demand.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Film fra 2016
Film fra Tyrkiet
Computeranimationsfilm
Komediefilm
Actionfilm
Zombiefilm
Film baseret på tegneserier
Tyrkisksprogede film

Bad Cat