HMS Malaya was one of five s built for the Royal Navy during the 1910s. Shortly after commissioning in early 1916, she participated in the Battle of Jutland of the First World War as part of the Grand Fleet. In the Second World War, Malaya served mostly in escort duties in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. She was withdrawn from service at the end of 1944, and sold for scrap in 1948.

Design and description
The Queen Elizabeth-class ships were designed to form a fast squadron for the fleet that was intended to operate against the leading ships of the opposing battleline. This required maximum offensive power and a speed several knots faster than any other battleship to allow them to defeat any type of ship.

Malaya had a length overall of , a beam of  and a deep draught of . She had a normal displacement of  and displaced  at deep load. She was powered by two sets of Parsons steam turbines, each driving two shafts using steam from 24 Babcock & Wilcox boilers. The turbines were rated at  and intended to reach a maximum speed of . The ship had a range of  at a cruising speed of . Her crew numbered 1,217 officers and ratings in 1919.

The Queen Elizabeth class was equipped with eight breech-loading (BL)  Mk I guns in four twin-gun turrets, in two superfiring pairs fore and aft of the superstructure, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. Twelve of the fourteen BL  Mk XII guns were mounted in casemates along the broadside of the vessel amidships; the remaining pair were mounted on the forecastle deck near the aft funnel and were protected by gun shields. The anti-aircraft (AA) armament were composed of two quick-firing (QF)  20 cwt Mk I guns. The ships were fitted with four submerged 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes, two on each broadside.

Malaya was completed with two fire-control directors fitted with  rangefinders. One was mounted above the conning tower, protected by an armoured hood, and the other was in the spotting top above the tripod foremast. Each turret was also fitted with a 15-foot rangefinder. The main armament could be controlled by 'B' turret as well. The secondary armament was primarily controlled by directors mounted on each side of the compass platform on the foremast once they were fitted in April 1917.

The waterline belt of the Queen Elizabeth class consisted of Krupp cemented armour (KC) that was  thick over the ships' vitals. The gun turrets were protected by  of KC armour and were supported by barbettes  thick. The ships had multiple armoured decks that ranged from  in thickness. The main conning tower was protected by 13 inches of armour. After the Battle of Jutland, 1 inch of high-tensile steel was added to the main deck over the magazines and additional anti-flash equipment was added in the magazines.

The ship was fitted with flying-off platforms mounted on the roofs of 'B' and 'X' turrets in 1918, from which fighters and reconnaissance aircraft could launch. Exactly when the platforms were removed is unknown, but no later than Malayas 1934–1936 reconstruction.

Construction and career

First World War
Malaya was built by Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth and Company at High Walker, Newcastle upon Tyne, and launched in March 1915. She was named in honour of the Federated Malay States in British Malaya, whose government paid for her construction.

Malaya served in Rear-Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas's 5th Battle Squadron of the Grand Fleet. She took part in the Battle of Jutland, on 31 May 1916. She first engaged the German battlecruisers and targeted the battlecruiser SMS Seydlitz, scoring numerous hits with her 15-inch (381 mm) main guns. As the German battleline intercepted the 5th Battle Squadron, Malaya was hit by seven 12-inch (305 mm) shells from multiple German battleships. As 5th Battle Squadron retreated to join the rest of the Grand Fleet, she was hit by an additional battleship sized projectile for a total of eight hits, taking major damage and heavy crew casualties. A total of 65 men died, either in the battle or later due to their injuries. However, her armour held up, surviving nowhere near critical condition. Among the wounded was Able Seaman Willie Vicarage, notable as one of the first men to receive facial reconstruction using plastic surgery and the first to receive radical reconstruction via the "tubed pedicule" technique pioneered by Sir Harold Gillies. Uniquely among the ships at the battle, HMS Malaya flew the red-white-black-yellow ensign of the Federated Malay States.

Other than Jutland, and the inconclusive Action of 19 August, her service during the First World War mostly consisted of routine patrols and training in the North Sea.

Between the wars
On 17 November 1922 Malaya carried the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Mehmed VI, from Istanbul into exile on Malta. In August–September 1938 she served in the port of Haifa during the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine.

Unlike her sisters Queen Elizabeth, Warspite and Valiant, Malaya did not undergo a comprehensive reconstruction between the wars. She did receive a Le Cheminant deck watch from the Royal Observatory on 5 April 1933.

Second World War

Malaya served in the Mediterranean in 1940, escorting convoys and operating against the Italian fleet.

Malaya saw her second big action in her career, and her first of World War II partaking in the Battle of Calabria against an Italian naval force, including the battleships  and , on 9 June 1940. She fired off several rounds with her main guns against the fleet while being targeted by Conte di Cavour. Through her actions, Malaya helped to chase off all of the Italian warships with no damage received or hits scored, though most of the heavy lifting was carried out by her sistership Warspite, who scorched Giulio Cesare with one of the longest ranged naval hits fired from over 24 km (14.91 miles), severely damaging Giulio Cesare's engines, and resulting in her speed massively dropping.

She shelled Genoa in February 1941 as part of Operation Grog but due to a crew error, fired a 15-inch armour-piercing shell into the south-east corner of the Genoa Cathedral's nave. The fuse failed to detonate.

On 7 March 1941, while escorting convoy SL 67, Malaya encountered the German capital ships  and  that were conducting the Operation Berlin raid which targeted Allied convoys. By her presence she forced them to withdraw rather than risk damage in an attack, although a U-boat attack aiming to sink Malaya  inflicted some damage on the convoy.

Later that month Malaya was escorting convoy SL 68. On the evening of 20 March 1941, about 250 miles west-northwest of the Cape Verde Islands, Malaya was hit by a torpedo from . Damaged on the port side, and with a 7 degree list due to flooding, Malaya was forced to leave the convoy and make for port, escorted by the corvette . She reached Trinidad safely on 29 March. After temporary repairs were made, she continued to the New York Navy Yard, where she was docked for four months. During that time, personnel from the ship ferried ten s to Britain.

On 9 July, under the command of Captain Cuthbert Coppinger, the battleship left New York on trials and steamed to Halifax, Nova Scotia to provide protection for an urgent fast convoy. No ships were lost, and Malaya arrived in Rosyth on 28 July. Thereafter she escorted convoys from the United Kingdom to Malta and Cape Town until summer 1943.

Malaya was placed in reserve at the end of 1943. During this time her entire secondary 6-inch armament was offloaded and her anti-aircraft armament was enhanced. Between 15 and 17 May 1944, Malaya was used in Loch Striven as a target ship for inert Highball bouncing bomb prototypes, one of which punched a hole in the ship's side. She was reactivated just before the Normandy landings to act as a reserve bombardment battleship.

Fate
Malaya was finally withdrawn from all service at the end of 1944 and became an accommodation ship for a torpedo school. Sold on 20 February 1948 to Metal Industries, Limited she arrived at Faslane on 12 April 1948 for scrapping. The first watch bell was refitted and presented to the Perak Council in Malaya, and was hung in the Council Chamber. The furthermost bell is located in the East India Club, and the second watch bell was handed to the Victoria Institution on 12 September 1947, before being handed over to the Royal Malaysian Navy in 2007.

Notes

Citations

References

External links

 Royal Navy History, HMS Malaya, Institute of Naval History
 Page about the ship from battleships-cruisers.co.uk
 Maritimequest HMS Malaya Photo Gallery
 HMS Malaya at navalhistory.net
Battle of Jutland Crew Lists Project - HMS Malaya Crew List

Queen Elizabeth-class battleships
Ships built by Armstrong Whitworth
Ships built on the River Tyne
1915 ships
World War I battleships of the United Kingdom
World War II battleships of the United Kingdom
Royal Navy ship names

HMS Malaya


Fabio Sacchi (Milão, 22 de maio de 1974) é um ciclista italiano. A sua vitória mais importante foi a Milano-Torino em 2005.

Biografia
Fabio Sacchi assina seu primeiro contrato profissional em 1997 com a equipa italiana  Polti. Participou em seu primeiro ano no Giro d'Italia. O seu colega de equipa Giuseppe Guerini termina a corrida em terceira posição, enquanto Sacchi participa em alguns sprints em massa, sem obter resultados.

Em 1998 ganhou a sua primeira vitória na Coppa Bernocchi, ao ganhar o sprint contra seus oito colegas de escapada. Também obteve vários lugares de honra, incluindo as semi-clássicas Paris-Bruxelas onde ficou 7.º. Durante as próximas duas temporadas, o italiano não ganhou nada, mas consegue um bom rendimento nas clássicas do Norte. Também participa no Tour de France em várias ocasiões.

Contratado em 2001 pela formação Saeco, converteu-se num de suas velocistas e ganhou etapas no Tour Down Under e na Volta a Múrcia. Segue destacando em algumas clássicas (Paris-Tours, Milano-Torino), ainda que não ganha nenhuma delas. Escapou-se com Jakob Piil, durante a undécima etapa do Tour de France de 2003, onde perde no esprint por trás do dinamarquês em Marselha .

Devido às suas qualidades de sprinter, ajuda a conseguir vitórias a Mario Cipollini. Participou nas vitórias e as metas de seu líder na Volta a Espanha de 2002.

Durante a temporada de 2002 foi suspenso pela sua equipa, depois da descoberta de medicamentos em sua casa. Foi absolvido umas semanas mais tarde pela comissão disciplinaria da federação italiana de ciclismo, após explicar que os produtos hormonais apreendidos estavam destinados a sua esposa, grávida.

Em 2004 a equipa italiana no que corre Alessandro Petacchi, o Fassa Bortolo lhe contratou. No ano seguinte ganhou a corrida mais antiga na Itália, a Milano-Torino, ao ganhar no sprint a seu excompanheiro de equipa Mirko Celestino. Esta é sua vitória principal e final à data.

Sacchi uniu-se com Petacchi, à nova equipa Milram, onde se reuniu com os antigos diretores da equipa Team Polti.

a 24 de julho de 2013 seu nome apareceu no relatório publicado pelo senado francês como um dos trinta ciclistas que teriam dado positivo no Tour de France de 1998 com carácter retroespectivo, já que analisaram as mostras de urina daquele ano com os métodos antidopagens atuais.

Palmarés
 1998
 Coppa Bernocchi

 2001
 1 etapa do Tour Down Under
 Grande Prêmio Costa dos Etruscos

 2002
 2 etapas da Volta a Múrcia
 Troféu Cidade de Castelfidardo

 2003
 1 etapa do Tour Down Under
 Giro da Romagna

 2004
 1 etapa da Volta a Portugal

 2005
 Milano-Torino

Resultados em Grandes Voltas e Campeonatos do Mundo

—: não participaAb.: abandonoF. c.: fora de controle

Referências

Ligações externas

 Lugar oficial
 Ficha de Fabio Sacchi (cqranking.com)

Ciclistas da Itália
Naturais de Milão

Fabio Sacchi


Kingdom Hearts (japanisch  Kingudamu Hātsu; Akronym: KH) ist ein im Jahr 2002 für die PlayStation 2 veröffentlichtes Action-Rollenspiel. Das erste Spiel in der Kingdom-Hearts-Videospielserie entstand aus einer Zusammenarbeit vom japanischen Spieleentwickler Square (nun Square Enix) mit der Walt Disney Company. Das Spiel kombiniert Figuren und Schauplätze aus den Disney-Filmen mit denen aus Squares Final-Fantasy-Spielen. Das Videospiel ist eine Abweichung von Squares sonstigen Rollenspielen, mit der Einführung von umfangreichen Action-Adventure-Elementen für das Gameplay. Es folgt dem kleinen Jungen, Sora, wie er in eine epische Schlacht gegen die Mächte der Finsternis gerät. Unterstützung erhält er dabei von Donald Duck und Goofy, sowie anderen klassischen Disneyfiguren, wie Peter Pan und Aladdin.

Kingdom Hearts wurde für seine ungewöhnliche Kombination aus Action- und Rollenspiel sowie seine unerwartete harmonische Mischung von Square- und Disney-Elementen gelobt. Seit der Veröffentlichung wurde das Videospiel weltweit über 6,4 Millionen Mal verkauft und begründete zahlreiche Fortsetzungen. Es ist ebenfalls auf dem zehnten Platz der weltweit  meistverkauften Videospiele der PlayStation 2 und das kommerziell erfolgreichste in der Kingdom-Hearts-Serie.

Gameplay
Kingdom Hearts ist durch die Final-Fantasy-Serie beeinflusst, beinhaltet jedoch mehr Gameplay-Elemente als deren Hack-and-Slay-System. Der Spieler steuert die Figur Sora durch dreidimensional konstruierte Level, in denen es gelegentlich Jump-'n'-Run-Passagen zu überwinden gilt. Soras Begleiter Donald und Goofy werden computergesteuert und lassen sich lediglich für den Kampf einen generellen Stil vorgeben, der beispielsweise die Verwendung von kämpferischen Ressourcen vorgibt. In vielen Welten stoßen auch Gastfiguren zum Kampfgeschehen dazu, die man über das Spielmenü gegen Donald oder Goofy austauschen kann, aber jeweils nur in dieser einen Welt zur Verfügung stehen. In manchen Welten verändert sich das Aussehen der Hauptfiguren, die Fähigkeiten, oder beides. Zum Beispiel kann man in Nimmerland fliegen und in Atlantica wird man zu Meeresbewohnern, wodurch das Überleben unter Wasser ermöglicht wird.

Wie die meisten Rollenspiele verfügt auch Kingdom Hearts über ein Levelsystem: Sora und seine Begleiter erhalten für jeden besiegten Gegner sogenannte Erfahrungspunkte, die bei festgelegten Meilensteinen die Stufe eines Charakters erhöhen. Für das Spiel bedeutet dies, dass die entsprechende Spielfigur stärkere Angriffe austeilt, durch gegnerische Attacken weniger geschwächt wird und neue nützliche Fähigkeiten erlernt. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Spielen seiner Art, ermöglicht Kingdom Hearts zu Beginn, dem Spieler, durch ein kurzes Tutorial, ein gewisses Maß an Einfluss auf die Figuren-Entwicklung zu nehmen. Das Tutorial ermöglicht dem Spieler für Sora eines der drei Hauptattribute des Spiels – Angriff, Verteidigung oder Magie – zu wählen und auf ein anderes zu verzichten. Durch die Wahl bestimmter Optionen kann der Spieler beeinflussen, wie Sora auflevelt, seine Attribute steigert und Fähigkeiten lernt. Donald, Goofy und allen anderen zusätzlichen Gastmitglieder sind von vornherein bestimmte Bereiche der Stärke zugewiesen. Donald überzeugt mit Magie, während Goofy eine sehr gute Verteidigung besitzt und Spezialattacken beherrscht.

Die Geschichte des Spiels verläuft geradlinig von einem Geschehen zum Nächsten. In der Regel werden diese Geschehen durch Zwischensequenzen getrennt. Neben der Hauptstory hat der Spieler die Möglichkeit mehrere Nebenaufgaben zu bewältigen, die den Figuren Boni gewähren. Hauptsächlich spielen sich das Geschehen und auch die Kämpfe auf miteinander verbundenen Karten ab. Kämpfe werden in Kingdom Hearts nicht, wie etwa bei Final Fantasy, rundenbasiert geführt, sondern finden in Echtzeit statt. Die eigene Spielfigur ist in Kämpfen frei steuerbar und kann auf Knopfdruck mit dem Schwert zuschlagem oder über ein Menü Angriffs- oder Regenerationszauber wirken. Durch bestimmte Items können mit dem Rufen-Zauber auch Disney-Figuren, wie beispielsweise Dumbo oder Bambi, beschwört werden, die dann einen gewissen Einfluss auf das Kampfgeschehen ausüben. Der Spieler kann dabei das Bild auf den nächststehenden Gegner fixieren. Diese Fokussierung wechselt automatisch auf den jeweils nächsten Gegner. Das Menü in der unteren linken Ecke des Bildschirms erlaubt dem Spieler auch mit der Umgebung zu interagieren oder Spezialattacken auszuführen.

Absolviert man alle Aufgaben einer Welt, kehrt man wieder in das "Universum" zurück, in dem alle Welten verzeichnet sind. Dort hat der Spieler die Möglichkeit, sich die nächste Welt auszusuchen und diese zu betreten. Um zwischen den einzelnen Disney-Welten zu reisen, benutzen Sora und seine Gefährten ein mit Feuerwaffen ausgerüstetes Luftschiff, das spielerisch in einem dreidimensionalen Shoot-'em-up-Abschnitt, ähnlich den Star-Fox-Spielen, resultiert. Das Überleben dieser Reise erlaubt das Betreten der nächsten Welt. Während zu Beginn des Spiels nicht viele Optionen zur Verfügung stehen, das Luftschiff aufzurüsten, findet man im Laufe des Spiels sogenannte Gumis, mit denen man neue Waffen, Motoren und Rüstungen einbauen kann. Ebenfalls können verschiedene vorgefertigte Blaupausen, die verwendet werden, um im Handumdrehen neue Luftschiffe bauen zu können, gefunden werden. Um später eine bereits besuchte Welt nochmals zu betreten, kann man sich auch mit Hilfe eines Warp-Antriebes zu ihr teleportieren.

Inhalt

Schauplatz
Das Universum von Kingdom Hearts ist eine Zusammenstellung von verschiedenen Level, bezeichnet als "Welten", durch die der Spieler voranschreiten muss. Dreizehn können im Spiel besucht werden und eine, das Schloss Disney, wird in Zwischensequenzen gezeigt. Weitere Welten werden von verschiedenen Figuren erwähnt, sind aber nicht zugänglich, da sie von den Herzlosen, Wesen der Finsternis, zerstört worden sind. Zehn der Welten basieren auf den Ideen von Disney, hauptsächlich von den Disney-Filmen, während die anderen vier von Square extra für das Spiel erdacht und entworfen wurden.

Die Grafik und die Figuren der einzelnen Welten wurden so entwickelt, dass sie dem Stil der jeweiligen Disney-Filmen ähneln. Jede Disney-Welt wird durch Figuren aus ihrem jeweiligen Film bewohnt; Hercules und Phil bewohnen die Arena des Olymps, während Aladdin, Prinzessin Jasmine und Jafar in Agrabah beheimatet sind. Jede Welt ist von den anderen getrennt und existiert separat voneinander. Die meisten Figuren in der Welt wissen nichts von der Existenz der anderen Welten, mit wenigen Ausnahmen. Der Spieler selbst reist von einer Welt zur anderen mit einem Luftschiff.

Die Welten die extra für das Spiel entworfen wurden, spiegeln das allgemeine Erscheinungsbild der anderen Welten wider und verfügen entweder über neue Figuren oder Figuren aus mehreren Final-Fantasy-Spielen. Die neuen Welten sind: Die Insel des Schicksals, wo die Geschichte beginnt; Traverse Town, die für die meiste Zeit des Spiels als Ausgangspunkt dient; Hollow Bastion, was viele der Final-Fantasy-Figuren ihr Zuhause nennen; und das Ende der Welt, einer großen dunklen Welt, die von den verbliebenen Resten der verschiedenen Welten entstand. Die Hauptfiguren reisen von Welt zu Welt um alle Schlüssellöcher zu versiegeln, wodurch die Welten von den Herzlosen und ihrer Zerstörung beschützt werden. Sie versuchen auch, ihre Interaktionen mit Figuren aus anderen Welten zu minimieren, um so das Gleichgewicht der Trennung zwischen den Welten aufrechtzuerhalten. Dies führt manchmal dazu, dass Sora, Donald und Goofy ihrer physischen Erscheinungen verändern müssen, um sich harmonisch in die Welt einzufügen.

Figuren
Die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Disney und Square resultiert in einem Mix aus vertrauten Disney- und Square-Figuren, sowie mehrere neue Figuren entwickelt und gestaltet von Tetsuya Nomura. Der primäre Protagonist des Spiels ist Sora, ein 14-jähriger Junge, der vom Schlüsselschwert, einer großen schlüsselähnlichen Waffe, für den Kampf gegen die Dunkelheit auserwählt wurde. Das Spiel beinhaltet auch zwei Freunde aus seiner Heimatwelt, Riku und Kairi. Für die meiste Zeit des Spiels wird Sora von Donald Duck und Goofy begleitet. Donald, der Hofmagier, und Goofy, der Hauptmann der königlichen Garde, wurden von Schloss Disney geschickt, um das Schlüsselschwert zu finden. Die drei begeben sich auf eine Suche, um den König, Kairi und Riku und finden. Der wesentliche Antagonist ist Ansem, der die Macht und das Wissen über die dunklen Wesen namens Herzlose erforscht hat. Die Herzlosen, Herzen beschädigt durch die Dunkelheit, stellen die meisten der Feinde im Spiel dar, denen man begegnet, und sie kommen in einer Vielzahl von Formen und Größen vor.

Das Spiel ist dazu gedacht, die fiktiven Universen der verschiedenen Disney-Filme zu erkunden, in welchen über einhundert Disney-Figuren in verschiedenen Funktionen vorkommen. Während viele als wichtige Figuren in der Geschichte vorkommen, erscheinen andere in Cameo-Rollen, wie die 101 Dalmatiner, die in einer Nebenaufgabe eine Rolle spielen. Die meisten Welten verfügen über einen Disney-Bösewicht, den der Spieler besiegen muss. Der Spieler kann auch verschiedene Disney-Figuren beschwören, die neben Sora im Kampf unterstützen, wodurch Donald und Goofy auf dem Schlachtfeld für die Dauer der Beschwörung pausieren. Beschwörbare Figuren sind unter anderem Genie aus Aladdin, Naseweis aus Peter Pan und Simba aus Der König der Löwen.

Square hat auch mehrere Figuren aus der Final-Fantasy-Reihe in das Spiel eingebaut, obwohl sie leicht verändert wurden, um in die Hintergrundgeschichte des Spiels zu passen. Auf der Insel des Schicksals trifft der Spieler auf die jüngeren Versionen von Tidus und Wakka aus Final Fantasy X und Selphie aus Final Fantasy VIII. In Traverse Town begegnet der Spieler Squall Leonhart, im Spiel als Leon, von Final Fantasy VIII ebenso wie Aerith, Cid und Yuffie aus Final Fantasy VII. Rikku aus Final Fantasy X sollte ebenfalls auftauchen, wurde aber durch Yuffie ersetzt. Cloud und Sephiroth, beide aus Final Fantasy VII, tauchen in der Arena des Olymps als bekämpfbare Gegner in einem der Turniere auf. Den Schwerpunkt auf Figuren aus den späteren Final-Fantasy-Teilen zu legen, stammt von Nomuras Zögern Figuren zu benutzen, die er nicht selbst entworfen hat. Das Spiel nutzt auch anderen Final-Fantasy-Elemente wie die Mogrys, die eine Itemschmiede betreiben.

Geschichte
Kingdom Hearts beginnt auf der Insel des Schicksals, wo der junge Protagonist Sora mit seinen Freunden, dem Mädchen Kairi und dem älteren Riku lebt. Die drei wollen die Insel verlassen um neue Welten zu entdecken und haben ein Floß für diesen Zweck vorbereitet. In der Nacht vor dem Aufbruch wird die Insel von schattenhaften Wesen, den Herzlosen, angegriffen. Sora begibt sich auf die Suche nach seinen Freunden, wobei er Riku schließlich findet, als dieser in ein dunkles Portal verschwindet. Zur gleichen Zeit erhält Sora das Schlüsselschwert, eine besondere Waffe gegen die Herzlosen. Allerdings wird die Insel zerstört und Sora ins All gezogen. Inzwischen hat König Micky seine eigene Welt verlassen, um selbst gegen die steigende Zahl von Herzlosen anzugehen und hinterließ für Donald und Goofy Anweisungen, den "Schlüssel" zu finden, der die Welten vor der einbrechenden Dunkelheit schützt.

Donald und Goofy fliegen mit ihrem Luftschiff nach Traverse Town, wohin auch Sora gezogen wurde. Sora trifft dort Leon, der ihm erklärt, dass die Herzlosen auf der Suche nach Herzen sind und dass das Schlüsselschwert die einzige Waffe ist, mit der man sie besiegen kann. Ein Mann namens Ansem soll die Herzlosen studiert haben. Danach trifft Sora auf Donald und Goofy und die drei entscheiden gemeinsam weiterzureisen, um König Micky und Kairi und Riku zu finden. Die drei bereisen verschiedene Disney-Welten und erfahren, dass das Schlüsselschwert auch Schlüssellöcher, Passagen zu den Herzen der Welt, schließen kann, wodurch die Herzlosen nicht mehr durch diese in die Welt eindringen können. Zur gleichen Zeit sucht eine Gruppe von Disneybösewichten unter der Leitung von Malefiz die sieben Prinzessinnen der Herzen, um das letzte Schlüsselloch zu öffnen, dass zu "Kingdom Hearts", einem Speicher von Wissen und Macht und die Quelle aller Herzen, führt. Zu dieser Gruppe gehört auch Riku, da Malefiz ihm versprochen hat, ihm im Gegenzug für seine Unterstützung, bei seiner Suche nach Kairi zu helfen. Daneben sät Malefiz Misstrauen in Riku und sagt ihm, dass Sora und ihn und Kairi für neue Freunde und das Schlüsselschwert verlassen hat. Der zunehmend antagonistische Riku findet Kairis Körper, aber kann ihr Herz nicht finden.

Sora und seine Freunde kommen schließlich nach Hollow Bastion, Ansems Heimatwelt und Malefiz derzeitigen Hauptsitz. Riku nimmt das Schlüsselschwert von Sora und behauptet, der wahre Schlüsselschwertmeister zu sein und dass Sora nur der Botenjunge gewesen ist. Da Donald und Goofy den Auftrag haben, dem Schlüssel zu folgen, verlassen sie Sora für Riku. Sora erhält das Schlüsselschwert aber kurze Zeit später wieder, nachdem er eingesehen hat, dass es nicht das Schlüsselschwert ist was ihn stark macht, sondern seine Freunde. Beschämt, trifft Riku einen verhüllten Mann, der ihn anspornt, sich der Dunkelheit hinzugeben. Inzwischen begegnen die drei Malefiz und besiegen sie. Schließlich findet Sora Kairis Körper und konfrontiert Riku, der von Ansem besessen ist. Ansem erklärt, dass Kairi eine Prinzessin des Herzens ist und dass sich ihr Herz seit der Zerstörung der Insel des Schicksals innerhalb von Sora Körper versteckt hat. Nach dem Sieg über Ansem, schließt sich Sora mit Ansems Schlüsselschwert sein Herz auf, wodurch er sein und Kairis Herz freigibt. Kairis Herz kehrt daraufhin in ihren Körper zurück und vervollständigt so das letzte Schlüsselloch, während Sora zu einem Herzlosen wird. Nachdem Kairi Sora als Herzlosen erkennt, wird er durch das Licht in ihrem Herzen wieder zu einem Menschen.

Ansem finden sie schließlich am Ende der Welt, die durch die vereinigten Reste der Welten, welche von den Herzlosen zerstört wurden, gebildet wurde. Ansem sucht Kingdom Hearts, da er vermutet es würde die ultimative Dunkelheit beinhalten. Jedoch zeigt sich beim Öffnen der Tür zu Kingdom Hearts Licht, welches Ansem überwältigt und vernichtet. Hinter der Tür befinden sich Riku und der König, die Sora und den anderen helfen, die Tür zu schließen. Micky und Sora benutzen letztendlich ihre Schlüsselschwerter und versiegeln das Tor. Die zerstörten Welten rekonstruieren sich selbst, während Kairi auf die Insel des Schicksals zurückkehrt. Das Spiel endet damit, dass sich Sora, Donald und Goofy auf die Suche nach dem König und Riku begeben.

Entwicklung und Vermarktung
Die Idee zu Kingdom Hearts kam zustande, als der Produzent Shinji Hashimoto einen Verantwortlichen von Disney in einem Aufzug traf; Square und Disney hatte zuvor im selben Gebäude in Japan gearbeitet. Das Produktionsteam bestand aus mehr als hundert Mitgliedern, sowohl von Square als auch von Disney Interactive. Die Entwicklung des Spiels begann im Februar 2000 und es wurde ursprünglich mehr auf das Gameplay konzentriert mit einer einfachen Geschichte, um Disneys Ziel-Altersgruppe anzusprechen. Nachdem der Executive Producer Hironobu Sakaguchi dem Regisseur Tetsuya Nomura erzählte, dass das Spiel ein Reinfall sein werde, wenn man es nicht auf dasselbe Level wie die Final-Fantasy-Reihe bringt, begann Nomura die Geschichte weiterzuentwickeln. Bei der Wahl der Disney-Welten, die im Spiel vorkommen sollen, versuchte Nomura und sein Team Welten auszuwählen, die einen deutlich unterschiedlichen Look hatten. Sie versuchten auch Welten zu berücksichtigen, wo man Disney-Figuren zur Verfügung hat, die interessant sein könnten. Obgleich sie nur wenige Einschränkungen bei der Auswahl der Disney-Welten hatten, versuchten sie die Figuren, innerhalb der Grenzen, die durch ihre jeweiligen Disney-Filme entstanden sind, zu halten.

Zusätzlicher Inhalt bei der US-amerikanischen Version, der bei der ersten japanischen Veröffentlichung fehlte waren: Neue optionale Bosse, wovon einer nach dem Gewinner des Gewinnspieles auf der offiziellen Website Name-In-Game benannt wurde, einen extra Schwierigkeitsgrad und ein Teaser zu Kingdom Hearts II, erreichbar durch die Erfüllung von bestimmten Kriterien. Nomura fügte den Teaser bei, um die Reaktion der Fans auf die Möglichkeit einer Fortsetzung zu beurteilen. Er fühlte, dass, wenn die Idee unbeliebt war, dann wäre es am besten, bestimmte Ereignisse im Spiel ungeklärt zu lassen. Die Neuerungen wurden später der japanischen Neuauflage unter dem Titel Kingdom Hearts Final Mix beigefügt. Final Mix enthält auch weiteren zusätzlichen Inhalt, wie neue Items, Zwischensequenzen und Gegner. Der neue Inhalt deutete weitere Handlungsstränge an, die in den Fortsetzungen erklärt werden. Einiger Inhalt wurde in Kingdom Hearts weggelassen und später in Kingdom Hearts II eingefügt. Eine Welt, die auf Der König der Löwen basieren sollte, zum Beispiel, war nicht machbar, weil ein zusätzliches Programm erforderlich war, um Bewegung auf vier Beinen zu verarbeiten – eine Notwendigkeit, da Sora in dieser Welt die Gestalt eines Löwe annehmen sollte. Aus Zeitgründen ließen die Entwickler einen optionalen Bosskampf, ähnlich wie der Kampf gegen Sephiroth, gegen Tifa Lockhart aus. Dafür spielte sie später in Kingdom Hearts II eine wichtige Rolle.

Kingdom Hearts wurde im Mai 2001 bei der Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3) angekündigt. Zu den ersten Details zählten, dass es eine Zusammenarbeit zwischen Square und Disney Interactive sein würde und dass Welten von beiden Unternehmen sowie Disney-Figuren enthalten sein werden. Neue Figuren wurden von Nomura entworfen, inklusive Sora, Riku, Kairi und die Herzlosen. Eine erste spielbare Demo, stand bei der Tokyo Game Show im Jahr 2001 zur Verfügung. Das Gameplay der Demo präsentierte viele Action-Rollenspiel-Elemente, die später im Endprodukt enthalten sein würden.

Synchronisation

Neuauflage und Merchandising
Es wurden mehrere Versionen von Kingdom Hearts veröffentlicht. Die erste war das Original in Japan, gefolgt von den Veröffentlichungen in den USA und Europa, welches zusätzlichen Inhalt enthielt. Das Spiel wurde in Japan später als Kingdom Hearts Final Mix neu aufgelegt, was den Inhalt der US-amerikanischen und europäischen Version und ebenfalls noch mehr Inhalt enthielt. Darüber hinaus haben Square und Disney vor und nach der Veröffentlichung des Spiels zahlreiche Merchandise-Artikel herausgebracht. Die Ware reicht von Spielzeug und Figuren zu Kleidungsstücke und Bücher. Wie bei den Final-Fantasy-Spielen veröffentlichte Square gleich nach der Veröffentlichung des Spiels ein Ultimania-Buch, so etwas wie ein Lösungsbuch, zu Kingdom Hearts in Japan und eine erweiterte Ausgabe nach der Veröffentlichung von Final Mix. In den USA veröffentlichte Brady Games ein Lösungsbuch zum Spiel, welches unter anderem eine umfassende Komplettlösung beinhaltet. Eine Manga-Serie basierend auf dem Spiel wurde in Japan und den USA veröffentlicht. Daneben wurde auch eine Roman-Serie basierend auf dem Spiel in Japan veröffentlicht. Es wurde von Tomoco Kanemaki verfasst und von Shiro Amano illustriert.

Final Mix

Kingdom Hearts Final Mix besitzt mehrere Ereignisse und eine Reihe von Gameplay-Verbesserungen, die nicht in den früheren Versionen enthalten waren. Die Gespräche wurden in englischer Sprache aufgenommen und mit japanischen Untertiteln versehen. Neue Szenen, zur Klärung bestimmter Handlungspunkte, wie Riku Reise und Vorwegnahmen von Kingdom Hearts II, wurden eingebaut. Eine Gameplay-Option erlaubt dem Spieler, Zwischensequenzen, nachdem er sie einmal gesehen hat, zu überspringen. Die optionalen Bosse, die zuerst in der englischen Version enthalten waren, wurden für die japanischen Spieler zum ersten Mal eingeführt, zusammen mit einem neuen Kampf gegen den Unbekannten, in dem Versuch, das Interesse für die Fortsetzung zu erhöhen.

In einem weiteren Versuch der Vorwegnahme, wurde ein Video mit dem Titel Another Side, Another Story am Ende eingespielt, wenn der Spieler bestimmte Aufgaben erfüllt hatte. Das Spiel beinhaltet auch die neuen Musik-Tracks Disappeared und Another Side, ebenso wie Night on Bald Mountain und One-Winged Angel, welche bereits vorher auf der englischen Version enthalten waren. Andere Änderungen umfassen neue Fähigkeiten, neue Waffen, neue Items, zusätzliche und umgefärbte Feinde, sowie neue Gameplay-Verbesserungen um es dem Spieler einfacher zu machen, zusammen mit zwei neuen Schwierigkeitsgraden.

Die Final-Mix-Edition war bis zur Veröffentlichung von Kingdom Hearts 1.5 HD ReMIX für die Playstation 3 im September 2013 nur in Japan erhältlich.

Manga
Das Spiel wurde durch Shiro Amano als ein Manga adaptiert. Die Geschichte folgt der Handlung des Spiels mit ein paar kleinen Unterschieden um den Verlust der Interaktion, was ein Videospiel ermöglicht, zu berücksichtigen. Einige Ereignisse, die in der Final-Mix-Version stattfanden, wurden ebenfalls einbezogen. Das Manga wurde später auch ins Englische und Deutsche übersetzt. Die Spiele Chain of Memories und dessen Nachfolger Kingdom Hearts II wurde ebenfalls als Manga adaptiert.

Fortsetzungen
Kingdom Hearts folgten mehrere Fortsetzungen, wodurch es zum ersten Spiel in der Kingdom-Hearts-Serie wurde. Es folgte zunächst die direkte Fortsetzung Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories für den Game Boy Advance, welches in Japan am 11. November 2004 veröffentlicht wurde. Kingdom Hearts II ist das dritte Spiel in der Serie, spielt ein Jahr nach Chain of Memories und wurde in Japan am 22. Dezember 2005 für die PlayStation 2 veröffentlicht. Wie das erste Spiel wurde dieses später als Kingdom Hearts II Final Mix neu aufgelegt. Ein Kingdom-Hearts-Spiel wurde exklusiv für V Cast, Verizon Wireless' Breitband-Service, am 1. Oktober 2004 in Japan und am 4. Februar 2005 in den USA veröffentlicht.

Im November 2008 wurde das Handyspiel Kingdom Hearts coded in Japan veröffentlicht und spielt nach den Ereignissen aus Kingdom Hearts II. Einen Monat später erschien das Remake zu Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories für die PlayStation 2 unter dem Titel Kingdom Hearts Re: Chain of Memories. Ein Zwischenstück unter dem Titel Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days wurde für den Nintendo DS entwickelt und in Japan am 30. Mai 2009 veröffentlicht. Das Prequel Kingdom Hearts Birth by Sleep erschien in Japan am 9. Januar 2010 für die PlayStation Portable und spielt zehn Jahre vor den Ereignissen aus Kingdom Hearts. Im Oktober 2010 wurde in Japan Coded unter dem Titel Kingdom Hearts Re:coded für den Nintendo DS neu aufgelegt, wohingegen dieses Spiel auch in den USA und Europa erschien. Das Spiel Kingdom Hearts 3D: Dream Drop Distance für den Nintendo 3DS wurde am 29. März 2012 in Japan veröffentlicht.

Der dritte Hauptteil, Kingdom Hearts III, erschien weltweit im Januar 2019 für die PlayStation 4 und für die Xbox One und spielt nach den Ereignissen von Dream Drop Distance.

Weblinks

 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Computerspiel 2002
Action-Rollenspiel
PlayStation-2-Spiel
Fantasy-Computerspiel
Disney-Computerspiel

Kingdom Hearts (Computerspiel)


Poulton-le-Fylde (), commonly shortened to Poulton, is a market town in Lancashire, England, situated on the coastal plain called the Fylde. In the 2021 United Kingdom census, it had a population of 18,115.

There is evidence of human habitation in the area from 12,000 years ago, and several archaeological finds from Roman settlement in England have been found in the area.

At the time of the Norman conquest, Poulton was a small agricultural settlement in the hundred of Amounderness.

The church of St Chad was recorded in 1094, when it was endowed to Lancaster Priory.

By the post-Medieval period, the town had become an important commercial centre for the region with weekly and triannual markets. Goods were imported and exported through two harbours on the River Wyre.

In 1837, the town was described as the "metropolis of the Fylde", but its commercial importance waned from the mid-19th century with the development of the nearby coastal towns of Fleetwood and Blackpool.

Poulton has the administrative centre of the Borough of Wyre and is in the parliamentary constituency of Wyre and Preston North. It is part of the Blackpool Urban Area and approximately  from Blackpool town centre.

There are rail links to Blackpool and Preston, and bus routes to the larger towns and villages of the Fylde.

Poulton has a library and two secondary schools: Baines School and Hodgson Academy.

There is a farmers' market once a month. and since October 2011 there has been a weekly market on Mondays in the centre of the town.

History

Early history
There is evidence of human habitation in the area around Poulton from  10,000 BC. In 1970, building work in nearby Carleton uncovered the 12,000-year-old skeleton of an elk, along with two bone or antler barbed points close to its hind bones. At the time of the Roman conquest of Britain in the 1st century AD, the area was inhabited by a Celtic tribe called the Setantii. A 4th century hoard of 400 Roman coins was found in the area, near Fleetwood. Other finds have been made in Poulton and Skippool; in addition to coins, these have included a medal of Germanicus and a hipposandal (similar to a horseshoe).

Although there is little archaeological evidence of Anglo-Saxon activity in the area following the departure of the Romans, local place names incorporate Old English elements like tūn (farmstead), suggesting that they were founded in that period. Nearby examples are Thornton, Marton and Carleton. Poulton was recorded in 1086 as Poltun; the name is derived from the Old English words pull or pōl + tūn meaning "farmstead by a pool or creek". In later years, it was recorded variously as Pultun, Polton, Potton, Poolton and Poulton. The affix le-Fylde ("in the district called the Fylde") was added in 1842 with the arrival of the Penny Post, to distinguish the town from Poulton-le-Sands, a village that is now part of Morecambe.

Poulton is one of seven ancient parishes of the hundred of Amounderness. Prior to the Norman conquest in 1066, Amounderness was in the possession of Earl Tostig, the brother of King Harold II. Tostig died at the Battle of Stamford Bridge and his lands were subsequently taken over by the Normans. Between 1069 and 1086 William the Conqueror gave Amounderness to Anglo-Norman Baron Roger the Poitevin. In the Domesday Book of 1086 Poulton's area was estimated to contain two carucates of arable land. The survey recorded three churches in Amounderness though not by name. Later documentary evidence suggests that they were probably the churches at Poulton, Kirkham and St Michael's on Wyre. The dedication of Poulton's church to 7th century Anglo-Saxon saint Chad of Mercia lends weight to its pre-conquest foundation, although it is possible that it was built between 1086 and 1094.

In 1094, Roger the Poitevin founded the Benedictine priory of St. Mary at Lancaster, as a cell of the Norman Abbey of St. Martin in Sées. He endowed the priory with the church and land at Poulton. Roger was eventually banished from the country and his lands returned to the possession of the Crown. In 1194 King Richard I granted the hundred of Amounderness to Theobald Walter, 1st Baron Butler, who held it until his death in 1206. In 1268, King Henry III granted the wapentake of Amounderness to his son Edmund Crouchback, who became the 1st Earl of Lancaster around this time.

The amount of land in Poulton owned by St. Mary's Priory increased during the 12th and 13th centuries and caused conflict with local landowners over whose land the tenants and monks of the priory had to cross. In 1276, Sir Adam Banastre and his supporters assaulted the prior, Ralph de Truno, as he travelled to Poulton. He and his attendants were taken by Banastre, beaten and imprisoned in Thornton. An investigation into the incident was instigated by the king; no record survives. In 1330, a compromise was made when two roads were built through Banastre's land which enabled the prior and his tenants to travel freely to Poulton. During the 13th and 14th centuries, much of the land at Poulton was given to Cockersand Abbey in Lancaster and rented back to local farm workers. Much of the land in the Fylde was donated either to Cockersand Abbey or Whalley Abbey. To efficiently manage and farm these lands, granges were built at Singleton and Staining. When the alien priories (those under control of religious houses abroad) were dissolved in 1415, the church at Poulton was conveyed to the Abbey of Syon in Middlesex.

In the 17th century Civil Wars, townspeople of Poulton fought on both sides, although more men from the Fylde were on the side of the Royalists. No battles occurred in or close to Poulton but the area was affected with the rest of the county by the widespread poverty that resulted from the wars. In 1643 interest was stirred in the parish when a large Spanish vessel dropped anchor off the coast at Rossall. The ship made no movement for several days but fired its guns occasionally. Locals initially feared an invasion, but eventually realised that the crew was in distress and had been signalling for help. The vessel was carrying ammunition for the Parliamentarian forces and the crew had become sick and feeble. The ship was brought by Royalists into the mouth of the River Wyre and the Earl of Derby marched from across the River Ribble. He ordered the ship to be burnt and the Spanish crew to be set free.

The port of Poulton played a role in the Atlantic slave trade during the 18th century, with at least four slaving voyages setting off from Poulton between 1753 and 1757.

In the 18th century it was the custom for the wealthy in Poulton to bury their dead at night, following a lamp-lit procession through town. This tradition lasted until 1810. In 1732, during the procession preceding the funeral of Geoffrey Hornby, strong winds caused sparks to fly from the lighted tapers carried by mourners. The buildings on the west side of Market Place, low cottages with thatched roofs, caught fire and were destroyed. After local fund-raising the houses were eventually replaced with brick buildings with tile roofs.

19th and 20th centuries

Poulton became an important centre for trade in the area. With harbours on either side of the River Wyre, at Skippool and Wardleys, it was able to import goods from as far away as Russia and North America. Flax was imported from Ireland and the Baltic, timber came from across the Atlantic and tallow from Russia. Records from 1806 to 1808 show that Poulton imported limestone from Ulverston, oats from Ulverston, Kirkcudbright, Dumfries, Wigtown, Whitehaven and Liverpool, and coal from Preston. Cheese was exported to the same places. By the 18th century, markets for cattle and cloth were being held in the town in February, April and November, with corn fairs every Monday. It is unclear at what point Poulton began life as a market town; it was never granted a market charter and so markets were held by prescription. The market cross probably dates from the 17th century.

The linen industry was widespread in the Fylde during the 18th century and Poulton's importation of flax was essential. There were large warehouses at Skippool and Wardleys, owned by linen merchants from Kirkham. By the 19th century, craftsmen in Poulton were an important part of the industry. In the early part of the 19th century, there was a significant decline in the craft industries because of increased mechanisation, as well as increased demand for labour. In contrast to neighbouring Kirkham, Poulton appeared to suffer from a lack of enthusiasm for new industrial techniques and opportunities among its industry leaders.

Poulton's commercial importance was affected by the growth in the 19th century of two nearby coastal towns. In 1836 the first building was constructed in the new, planned town of Fleetwood,  north of Poulton, at the mouth of the River Wyre. Fleetwood was conceived by local landowner and Preston Member of Parliament (MP) Sir Peter Hesketh-Fleetwood as a major port and a link for passengers travelling from London to Scotland. To achieve these ideals, a rail link was needed and the new town soon heralded the arrival of the railway to the area. A line connecting Fleetwood with Preston was completed in 1840, with Poulton as one of the stops. Although Fleetwood immediately superseded Poulton as a port (the customs house was quickly moved to Fleetwood), Poulton initially benefited commercially from the rail link. The importation of Irish and Scottish cattle through Fleetwood enabled a fortnightly cattle market to be held in Poulton. At the same time, Blackpool was developing as a resort and for a few years, visitors travelled by rail to Poulton and then on to Blackpool by horse-drawn charabancs or omnibuses. A line between Poulton and Blackpool was completed in 1846. As Fleetwood and Blackpool's own commercial capabilities developed, and Kirkham's prominence in the linen industry continued to grow, Poulton's importance declined.

Governance

Historically, Poulton-le-Fylde was one of seven ecclesiastical parishes of the Amounderness hundred, an ancient division of the historic county of Lancashire, with a total area of . The parish included the townships of Poulton, Carleton, Thornton, Hardhorn-With-Newton and Marton. Poulton was governed by a parish council until 1900, when the parish was superseded by Poulton Urban District. The urban district council was based at the old town hall.

Today, with respect to civil parishes, Poulton is unparished. In 1974, following the Local Government Act 1972, Poulton Urban District merged with those of Preesall and Thornton-Cleveleys, the municipal borough of Fleetwood and the rural district of Garstang to form the borough of Wyre. The town has the borough council's administrative centre, with its offices in Poulton Civic Centre.

The town is governed locally by a two-tier council system, being a part of both Lancashire County Council and Wyre Borough Council with both councils having different responsibilities for the area. Elections are held for Lancashire County Council every four years with elections to Wyre Borough Council also taking place every four years, but two years after the county elections. For borough elections Poulton contains four wards: Breck, Hardhorn, Highcross and Tithebarn. All four wards elect two councillors each to Wyre Borough Council. Poulton-le-Fylde is also a county division for the Lancashire County Council elections which is made up of the majority of the four wards and elects one councillor to the county council. At the most recent borough election in 2011 the town's four wards each elected two Conservative Party councillors, including the mayor of Wyre for 2011 David Bannister and the current leader of the council Peter Gibson.
At the county election in 2009, the town elected a Conservative Party councillor, Geoffrey Roper.

The town is represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom as part of Wyre and Preston North. It elects one MP by the first past the post system of election. Since its creation for the 2010 general election, Wyre and Preston North has been represented at Parliament by Conservative MP Ben Wallace. Prior to the 2010 general election, Poulton-le-Fylde was part of the constituency of Lancaster and Wyre.

Geography

At  (53.847°, −2.995°), and approximately  northwest of London, Poulton-le-Fylde stands  above sea level. It is approximately  north-east of Blackpool and approximately  north-west of Preston. It is situated on the Fylde, a coastal plain that is approximately a  square peninsula. The town is on flat, slightly raised ground, approximately  from the River Wyre and  from the Irish Sea. Until the 20th century, the town consisted of only a few streets surrounding the central market place; it became surrounded by housing developments from the end of the Second World War. The Poulton urban area is adjacent to Carleton and Hardhorn, and close to the Blackpool Urban Area. The land to the east of the town is mostly agricultural.

The bedrock of the area consists of Permo-Triassic sandstones and particularly Triassic mudstones. These old rocks lie beneath sea-level and are invisible beneath drift made up of glacial till deposits and post-glacial colluvium and alluvium deposits; there is a smaller amount of peat.

Poulton has a generally temperate maritime climate like much of the British Isles, with cool summers and mild winters. There is an annual average rainfall of .

Demography

At the 2001 UK census, the urban area of Poulton-le-Fylde had a population of 18,264. The 2001 population density for Wyre was 3.74 per hectare, with a 100 to 90.7 female-to-male ratio. The proportion of residents who classified themselves as White was 98.9%, a figure higher than the average for the North West (94.4%) and England (90.9%). Those classifying themselves as belonging to ethnic minorities were correspondingly lower than the regional and national averages. Of those over 16 years old, 22.5% were single (never married), 46.0% married and 8.49% divorced. Although the proportion of divorced people was similar to that of the North West and England, the rates of those who were married were higher than the regional and national averages (North West: 42.8%; England: 43.5%). The rates of those in Wyre who were single were significantly lower than the national and regional averages (North West: 30.1%; England: 30.2%).

Wyre's 45,295 households included 29.1% one-person, 37.3% married couples living together, 6.8% co-habiting couples, and 9.0% single parents with their children; these figures were similar to those of the North West and England. Of those aged 16–74, 31.1% had no academic qualifications, similar to that of 31.9% in all of the North West but higher than 28.9% in all of England. Wyre had a lower percentage of adults with a diploma or degree than the North West as a whole. Of Wyre residents aged 16–74, 15.7% had an educational qualification such as first degree, higher degree, qualified teacher status, qualified medical doctor, qualified dentist, a qualified nurse, midwife, or health visitor, compared to 17.2% in the North West and 19.9% nationwide.

Population change
Typical of rural agricultural settlements, Poulton's population increased by almost 25% through the first two decades of the 19th century. In the decades after 1831, the town's population growth slowed, reflecting Poulton's failure to adapt to the changes of industrial society.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;width:70%;border:0px;text-align:center;line-height:120%;"
! colspan="22" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|Population growth in Poulton-le-Fylde since 1801
|-
! style="background: #99CCCC; color: #000080" height="17" | Year
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1801
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1811
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1821
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1831
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1841
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1851
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1861
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1871
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1881
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1891
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1901
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1911
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1921
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1931
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1939
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1951
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1961
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1971
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1981
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 1991
! style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000080;" | 2001
|- Align="center"
! style="background: #99CCCC; color: #000080" height="17" | Population
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 769
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" |
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" |
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" |
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" |
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" |
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 1,141
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" |
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 1,225
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 1,412
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 2,223
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 2,424
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 2,723
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 3,366
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 7,112
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 7,676
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 12,726
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 16,401
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" |
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" |
| style="background: #FFFFFF; color: black;" | 18,264
|-
| colspan="22" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|<small>'Sources: </small>
|}

Economy

In the 13th century, Poulton's economy was largely agricultural. Over the next centuries, the town became a commercial centre for the area, importing and exporting goods through harbours on the River Wyre at Skippool and Wardleys. Imports of flax were vital for a local linen industry, particularly in nearby Kirkham, and Poulton craftsmen were part of this industry by the beginning of the 19th century. During the early part of this century the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution led to a decline in the craft industries in Poulton. New methods were not embraced by local producers and the town suffered from its location, far from coalfields and large labour markets. Following the development of the new town and port of Fleetwood from 1836, Poulton's role as a major commerce centre waned. For some time, the town's market remained important as a local supply of goods for growing Fleetwood and Blackpool. Eventually, Poulton was overshadowed by Fleetwood and Blackpool. In his 1837 work on Blackpool, William Thornber called Poulton the "metropolis of the Fylde". This was a time when Poulton was still prominent among its near neighbours; David Foster commented in 1972 that not only was Thornber's description of the town no longer apt, it had ceased to be accurate even from 1850 with the rapid growth of the coastal resorts.

Although the unemployment rate in Wyre is higher than that of the North West and England, in 2004 a Market Town Initiative study noted that the level of unemployment in Poulton was lower than the regional and national averages, at 1.41%. Business in the town is centred at the Poulton Industrial Estate. Agriculture is still important locally; in 2001 2.6% of workers in Wyre were employed in agriculture, hunting or forestry (compared to 1.2% in the North West and 1.5% in England).

Culture and community
In 2004 a group appointed by Wyre Borough Council carried out a study of Poulton as part of the Countryside Agency's Market Town Initiative. Their Health Check and Action Plan identified "economic, transport & accessibility, environmental and social strengths and weaknesses" of Poulton. The study noted that the town has no cinemas, theatres, museums or galleries and that there was popular demand for a cinema, a weekly market and more independent retailers. There was also concern among residents that there are not enough facilities for young people. Poulton has a library, operated by Lancashire County Council.

Poulton's public spaces include the Jean Stansfield Memorial Park, Tithebarn Park and the Cottam Hall Playing Fields. Tithebarn Park, north-west of the town centre, was built on the site of a former railway halt, Poulton Curve. It features grass play areas. The Cottam Hall Playing Fields, to the west of the town centre, include sports pitches and allotments. There is a cricket ground to the north-east of the town. Poulton includes part of the Wyre Way footpath.

Poulton Gala is held annually in June and a farmers' market is held on the fourth Saturday of every month. In October 2011, Wyre Borough Council introduced the return of a weekly market which takes place in the centre of Poulton every Monday.

The town is also where, in the 1970s, the punk group Skrewdriver was formed. Although initially apolitical, the band went on to become internationally known as a neo-Nazi punk band.

Sport
Poulton F.C.
Poulton F.C., based at Cottam Hall on Blackpool Old Road, play in the West Lancashire Football League Premier Division (the 11th tier of the English football pyramid) as of August 2020. The club was founded in 1947 as Poulton Athletic. In 1961, an amalgamation occurred between Poulton Athletic and Poulton United, forming Poulton Town F.C. In 2013, Town'' was dropped from its name, becoming today's Poulton F.C.

Fylde Cricket Club
Fylde Cricket Club, founded in the early 19th century, is one of the oldest clubs in Lancashire. Its home ground is commonly known as "The G", based on Moorland Road, close to Hodgson School.

Fylde joined the league in 1922. They won the Loxham Cup in the early 1970s and, in the decade that followed, the Shield and the Meyler on several occasions. The second eleven also added to the trophy collection by winning the respective competitions on a number of occasions. They formed third and fourth teams and played in the Fylde League, providing a bridge between junior and senior league cricket.

The club's first XI competes in the Palace Shield Premier Division, with a second and Sunday development team also running.

Wyre Cricket Club
The club was formed in 1994 after the break-up of the Over Wyre A and B teams and competed in the Fylde Cricket League.  In 1995 the club was renamed again as Thornton International CC because of a name clash with one of Thornton's football teams.  Further changes took place where the club was re-badged again to the current name of Wyre Cricket Club and took residence at Myerscough College in 1996, after Myerscough College built a golf academy on the grounds, the club subsequently moved again to Baines School in Poulton-le-Fylde in 2000 and then to its current home in 2006 to Cottam Hall grounds in Poulton-le-Fylde.  Wyre CC left the Fylde Cricket League in 2013 (at the end of the 2014 season the Fylde Cricket League was officially dissolved).

The club joined the Palace Shield Cricket League for the 2014 season, the 1st XI won back to back promotions in the first years of joining, some years later the club entered in the 2nd XI into the Palace Shield league. The club also has a mid-week T20 team and competes in the Palace Shield T20 league.

Landmarks

Poulton town centre has been a Conservation Area since 1979 and 15 buildings and structures in the town have been designated as listed buildings by English Heritage for their special architectural, historical or cultural significance. These include two religious buildings, the structures in the market place and several houses.

The market place at the centre of Poulton is the width of two streets and is now closed to motor traffic. Lying south of St Chad's Church and surrounded by shops, the square contains the town's war memorial as well as a market cross, stocks, whipping post and fish slabs, from which fish were sold on market days. Although many of the buildings surrounding the marketplace were rebuilt following a fire in the 18th century, a few of the earlier buildings remain. To the south of the marketplace are townhouses that were built for local merchants and professionals.

Public houses and inns flourished early on in Poulton due to its status as a market town. One of the most important inns was the Golden Ball, which probably dates from the 18th century. It was also the meeting place of the local court, and at the end of the 19th century, the town's cattle market was moved behind the pub from the marketplace. The Thatched House pub existed in 1793 and may have been built in the Middle Ages. It was rebuilt in 1910 in the Mock Tudor style and has been identified as one of the town's "key landmarks" by the Poulton Market Town Initiative. In the 19th century, the Ship Inn, located at the corner of Breck Road and Vicarage Road, was a rowdy pub popular with Fleetwood seamen, travelling labourers and locals. In the 1920s it became a working men's club and, from 1928 to 2001, a Conservative club. It is an Edwardian building constructed in red brick with red sandstone dressings. It has a corner tower and the walls have carvings of ships. Since 2000 it has operated as a café, wine bar and nightclub called the Cube.

Religion

St Chad's Church, the Anglican parish church, is in the centre of town, bordering the marketplace. It has been designated a Grade II* listed building by English Heritage. The current structure dates largely from the mid-18th century when the previous church was demolished, although the tower is from the 17th century. The church is constructed of stone and has a slate roof. A round Norman-style apse was added in 1868. The churchyard, mainly to the south and east of the building, is noted for its display of crocuses in the spring.
After the English Reformation there remained a strong Roman Catholic influence in the parish, with worship particularly focused in Singleton. In the late 16th century there were 13 houses in the parish that were known to shelter seminarians. In 1583, the family of Cardinal William Allen, a prominent opponent of the Reformation, were holding three or four masses daily at their home at nearby Rossall. In the early 19th century, a Roman Catholic chapel was built in the town of Poulton. St John the Evangelist's was built in the north of the town on Breck Road. The building, with its attached presbytery is constructed of rendered brick with a slate roof and has been designated a Grade II listed building. Tradition has it that at some time during the 19th century, the vicar of St. Chad's donated to that church a particularly "papist" vestment. The chapel was replaced by a larger church built a few metres to the south in 1912. The new building, constructed of rock-faced red sandstone in a stripped Romanesque style, was designed by Cuthbert Pugin of Pugin & Pugin.

The first establishment of Nonconformists in Poulton were the Methodists, in 1784. The group met in a room behind the King's Arms and initially suffered persecution from other locals. They built a chapel in what is now Church Street in 1819, the second Methodist chapel to be built on the Fylde. The chapel was enlarged in 1861 and 1909 and finally demolished in 1970, replaced by a new chapel in Queen Street. The Congregational church established a chapel in the town in 1809. Its use was intermittent and at one point the building was used as a warehouse. A new chapel was built in 1899.

In the 2001 census 83.06% of respondents in Wyre gave their religion as Christianity. This is higher than the average for the North West (78.01%) and England (71.74). Muslim residents made up 0.18% of respondents in Wyre, 0.15% were Buddhist, 0.14% were Hindu, 0.10% were Jewish and 0.05% were Sikh; these figures are all lower than the regional and national averages. A further 9.40% of people in the borough stated that they had no religion, also a lower figure than the regional and national averages.

Transport

The development in the first half of the 19th century of Fleetwood led to the arrival of the railway in the Fylde. The Preston & Wyre Railway and Harbour Company was formed to connect Fleetwood to Preston and the Preston and Wyre Railway line was completed in 1840. Poulton-le-Fylde railway station, on the line between Kirkham and Fleetwood was originally situated at the bottom of the Breck, the road leading north out of Poulton. A branch connecting Poulton to Blackpool opened in 1846, meeting the existing line in a triangular junction with very tight curves towards Blackpool. By 1892, plans were underway to realign the tracks and rebuild the station at the top of the Breck. The fears of local people were realised in 1893 when a train travelling too fast derailed at the bend, killing three people. The new station was built in 1896. A railway halt called Poulton Curve was built in 1923 and was in use for trains between Fleetwood and Blackpool until 1952. Today, Poulton is a stop on the Caldervale Line and the Blackpool Branch Line. It lies between Kirkham and Wesham (towards Preston) and Layton (towards Blackpool North). The Fleetwood Branch Line closed to passengers in 1970; in 2009, a report by the Association of Train Operating Companies suggested that there would be a "strong business case" to reopen the line.

Poulton is approximately  west of the M6 motorway and is linked to it by the M55 at Greenhalgh. There are A roads to Fleetwood, Blackpool, Preston, Garstang and Lancaster. The town is served by five bus companies — Blackpool Transport, Stagecoach, Coastal Coaches, Cumfybus and Transpora — providing links to the Fylde's coastal towns, as well as villages Over Wyre and Preston.

Poulton was previously served by Blackpool Airport, approximately  away; however, the airport no longer has any commercial service and is instead served by the larger Liverpool John Lennon Airport and Manchester Airport.

Education

Poulton has two secondary schools, the oldest of which dates from the 18th century. In 1717, local woollen merchant James Baines left money in his will to found three free schools in the parish: in Poulton, Marton and Thornton. All three still exist. Baines School in Poulton was rebuilt in 1828 and closed temporarily in the late 19th century, reopening as Baines Endowed School. Today it is a voluntary aided non-denominational comprehensive secondary school. It has 1,008 pupils aged 11–18 and was rated as "good" in its 2007 Ofsted report. Hodgson Academy (formerly Hodgson School) is a comprehensive secondary school that opened in 1932. It has 1,108 pupils aged 11–16 and in 2008 was rated by Ofsted as "outstanding". The school converted to academy status in 2011.

There are four primary schools in the town: Breck Primary School, St John's Catholic Primary School, Carr Head Primary School and St Chad's Church of England Primary School. All were rated either "good" or "outstanding" in their most recent Ofsted inspections.

Public services
Poulton's water and sewerage facilities are provided by United Utilities. The distribution network operator for electricity is Electricity North West. Home Office policing is provided by Lancashire Constabulary. There was previously one police station in Poulton, which closed in January 2018.

National Health Services are provided by NHS North West and primary care is delivered by the NHS North Lancashire Primary Care Trust. In 2004, the Poulton Market Town Initiative noted 11 general practices in the town (including Carleton). Secondary care is provided by the Blackpool, Fylde and Wyre Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust. Acute medical cases are handled by Victoria Hospital in Blackpool and the North West Ambulance Service provides emergency patient transport.

See also

List of people from Poulton-le-Fylde
List of places in Lancashire

References
Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

Poulton-le-Fylde Historical and Civic Society
The Project Gutenberg eBook: History of the Fylde of Lancashire – John Porter (1876)

Towns in Lancashire
Market towns in Lancashire
Unparished areas in Lancashire
Geography of the Borough of Wyre

Poulton-le-Fylde


Zé Delivery é uma startup desenvolvida pela empresa de bebidas brasileira AmBev que disponibiliza um aplicativo voltado para entrega de bebidas. O aplicativo é disponível para Android e iOS. O serviço permite enviar bebidas por meio do site ou do aplicativo, que seleciona a loja disponível mais próxima da localização do usuário.

Criado em 2016 pelo hub ZX Ventures da AmBev, o serviço tem presença internacional na Argentina, Paraguai, Bolívia, Panamá e República Dominicana. Além disso, é presente em mais de 300 cidades brasileiras.

Por ter uma extensa categoria de bebidas alcoólicas, o serviço é  usado apenas para maiores de 18 anos, mesmo que ofereça refrigerantes, sucos, energéticos e outras bebidas não alcoólicas.

No trimestre de 2020, atingiu 27 milhões de entregas realizadas pelo aplicativo, sendo 63,3% maior do que o ano anterior no mesmo período, 2019, e foi baixado 3,3 milhões de vezes, diante de 1,47 milhão no ano anterior inteiro. Nos três primeiros trimestres de 2021, foram feitas 44 milhões de entregas.

Ver também
 AmBev
 Tele-entrega

Ligações externas

Aplicativos móveis
Startups do Brasil
Empresas fundadas em 2016
Subsidiárias da Ambev

Zé Delivery


عين قزام هي إحدى بلديات ولاية عين قزام عاصمة لدائرة عين قزام. وهي منطقة حدودية من جهة الجنوب الجزئر وحدودها دولة النيجر وهي منطقة صحراوية

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لعين قزام:

المصادر

بلديات ولاية عين قزام
معابر الحدود الجزائرية النيجرية

عين قزام


Agave longibracteata ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Agaven (Agave) in der Unterfamilie der Agavengewächse (Agavoideae). Das Artepitheton longibracteata leitet sich von den lateinischen Worten longus für 'lang' sowie bracteatus für 'Brakteen habend' ab und verweist auf langen Brakteen der Art.

Beschreibung
Agave longibracteata vermehrt sich vegetativ durch Ausläufer bildende Rhizome. Die kugelförmigen Rhizome messen 5 Zentimeter im Durchmesser. Ihre Wurzeln sind drahtig. Die bis zu 14 aufrecht-ausgebreiteten, linealisch-lanzettlich bis lanzettlichen, brüchigen, krautigen Laubblätter sind breit rinnig und gelegentlich wellig. Ihre Spitze ist stumpf und trägt ein sehr kurzes Spitzchen. Die leuchtend grüne, selten auf der Unterseite magentafarben gefleckte Blattspreite ist 21 bis 39 Zentimeter lang und 1,5 bis 3,5 (selten bis 4,3) Zentimeter breit. Die ganzrandigen Blattränder sind etwas zurückgebogen. Die Reste der Blattbasis sind grob faserig und bis zu 6 Zentimeter lang.

Der "ährige" Blütenstand erreicht eine Höhe von bis zu 125 Zentimeter. Der offene blütentragende Teil trägt 15 bis 21 Blüten mit großen, schmal dreieckigen Brakteen. Die sitzenden Blüten duften nach Citronella und sind von ihrer Achse auswärts gerichtet. Der längliche Fruchtknoten ist 12 bis 15 Millimeter lang und ragt in die Perigonröhre. Die Perigonblätter sind außen grünlich grau, gelegentlich oben braun oder dunkler grün überhaucht und innen goldgrün. Die schmal trichterförmige Röhre ist wenig gebogen und
weist eine Länge von 15 bis 20 Millimeter auf. Ihre länglichen, oben aufrecht-ausgebreiteten, unten zurückgeschlagenen Zipfel sind 12 bis 15 Millimeter lang. Die Staubfäden sind abgeflacht, der Griffel überragt die Blütenröhre um 22 bis 25 (selten bis 32) Millimeter.

Die ellipsoiden Früchte sind 2 bis 2,6 Zentimeter lang und 1 Zentimeter breit. Sie enthalten Samen von 3 bis 4 Millimeter Länge und 3 bis 4,5 Millimeter Breite.

Systematik und Verbreitung
Agave longibracteata ist im mexikanischen Bundesstaat Michoacán zwischen Felsen in Höhenlagen von etwa 2070 Metern verbreitet.

Die Erstbeschreibung als Manfreda longibracteata durch Susan Verhoek wurde 1978 veröffentlicht. Joachim Thiede und Urs Eggli stellten die Art 1999 in die Gattung Agave.

Die Art gehört in die Untergattung Manfreda und wird dort der Manfreda-Gruppe zugeordnet.

Nachweise

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Agaven
Longibracteata

Agave longibracteata


Dominic Inglot (* 6. März 1986 in London) ist ein britischer Tennisspieler.

Karriere
Inglot ist hauptsächlich als Doppelspezialist aktiv. Auf der Challenger Tour gewann er bereits vier Turniere, davon drei mit Treat Huey. Mit diesem erreichte er 2012 in Houston auch erstmals ein Finale auf der ATP World Tour. Gegen Sam Querrey und James Blake unterlagen die beiden jedoch in zwei Sätzen mit 6:714, 4:6. Seinen ersten ATP-Titel gewann er schließlich im August 2012 in Washington, D.C., als er mit Dauerpartner Huey im Finale Kevin Anderson und Sam Querrey in drei Sätzen besiegen konnte.
Bei Grand-Slam-Turnieren erzielte er 2010 in Wimbledon seinen bislang größten Erfolg. Zusammen mit Chris Eaton rückte er bis ins Achtelfinale vor, auf dem Weg schalteten sie unter anderem das topgesetzte Doppel Daniel Nestor und Nenad Zimonjić in fünf Sätzen aus. Gegen Julien Benneteau und Michaël Llodra schieden sie anschließend nach einer Niederlage in vier Sätzen aus.

2014 gab er sein Debüt für die britische Davis-Cup-Mannschaft.

Erfolge

Doppel

Turniersiege

ATP World Tour

ATP Challenger Tour

Finalteilnahmen

Weblinks

Davis-Cup-Spieler (Großbritannien)
Tennisspieler (England)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2016
Universiadeteilnehmer (Großbritannien)
Teilnehmer der Sommer-Universiade 2009
College-Tennis-Spieler
Brite
Engländer
Geboren 1986
Mann

Dominic Inglot


Kids in the Hall: Brain Candy is a 1996 Canadian comedy film written by and starring the Canadian comedy troupe The Kids in the Hall. Directed by Kelly Makin and filmed in Toronto, it followed the five-season run of their television series The Kids in the Hall, which had been successful in both Canada and the United States.

Premise and characters
The five-man team plays all of the major characters and many of the bit parts. The film was written by four of the five members of the troupe, along with Norm Hiscock; the troupe's fifth member, Dave Foley, had quit the troupe and was already working as a cast member on NewsRadio, but was contractually obligated to be in the film. Foley also plays fewer characters in the film than do the other four members. Brendan Fraser and Janeane Garofalo have cameos in the film, Garofalo's being almost entirely absent from the final cut.

The film is about the introduction of a powerful antidepressant, GLeeMONEX. The drug is rushed into production to help the ailing Roritor Pharmaceuticals and becomes an overnight media sensation. Those involved in the early stages of GLeeMONEX – the scientists, marketing arm and several early users – are followed, right up through the troubling coma-like side effect of being stuck in their happiest memory.

 Marv (Dave Foley) is Roritor's assistant. Despite their seemingly close relationship, he actually dislikes Roritor to the point that his happiest memory is urinating into his boss's latte (Roritor's happiest moment, ironically, is drinking the concoction).
 Alice (Bruce McCulloch) is a fellow scientist and apparent love interest of Chris. She eventually watches from a distance as he slips away into celebrity.
 Grivo (Bruce McCulloch) is a rock star famous for his bleak and pessimistic rock as well as a general indifference toward his audience, fame, and music. After taking the drug, Grivo switches to jangly, upbeat pop music; his new song "Happiness Pie" becomes an anthem for the post-GLeeMONEX world and wins a "World Music Video Award" for it (much to the disappointment of the former fans of his moody angst music).
 Chris Cooper (Kevin McDonald, Jason Barr, younger) is the inventor of the drug and main protagonist of the film. He is motivated by the clumsy suicide of his father (also played by McDonald) to create a cure for clinical depression but quickly gets swept up in the resulting fame.
 Don Roritor (Mark McKinney) heads Roritor Pharmaceuticals, founded on his invention of the drug Stummies (likely a play on Tums or Rolaids). He has a close but contentious relationship with his spineless assistant, Marv. (Roritor's speaking style is openly derived from McKinney's impersonation of producer Lorne Michaels.)
 Mrs. Hurdicure (Scott Thompson) is an old woman who initially is severely depressed and an early test subject for GLeeMONEX (referred to as "Patient 957"). Her happiest memory is shown to be a brief and obligatory Christmas visit from her son, played by Dave Foley. The drug quickly whips her out of the depression, but she inevitably becomes the first victim of its side effect. She is also the test subject for its antidote, a depressant.
 Wally Terzinsky (Scott Thompson) is a husband, father, and closeted homosexual. Wally masturbates to gay pornography, frequents public bath houses, and was sexually active with men during his military service – but remains unaware of his sexual orientation. He is prescribed GLeeMONEX by a frustrated therapist, (Dave Foley) ("You're gay. I know it, your family knows it... dogs know it!"). His happiest memory is a homoerotic Army mission fantasized by Wally while being chewed out by his drill instructor (Mark McKinney). Wally finds himself standing considerably closer to his drill instructor when through fantasizing. Shortly after this, he finally admits (via song and dance) that he is in fact, homosexual.

Some characters from the television series appear briefly in Brain Candy. Among those who do are the "white trash couple," the cops, Cancer Boy (see below), talk show host Nina Bedford (introduced in the show as "Nina Spudkneeyak"), Raj & Lacey, Melanie, Bellini, and the bigoted cab driver (who narrates the film).

 Ginny Hurdicure (Kathryn Greenwood)
 Raymond's kid (Amy Smith)
 Raymond's kid (Lachlan Murdoch)
 Cooper's groupie (Nicole de Boer)
 Cooper's groupie (Krista Bridges)
 Wally Jr. (Christopher Redman)

Controversy
The movie received negative feedback due to the Cancer Boy character. Originally appearing in the final episode of the TV show, in a sketch that satirized the idea of being as offensive as possible, Cancer Boy is played by Bruce McCulloch dressed in a bald cap, with pale white makeup, using a wheelchair. He relays depressing information with a cheerful smile and releases a hit pop single entitled "Whistle When You're Low". Many found the character to be in exceedingly poor taste.  Paramount Pictures had fought extensively with the troupe to cut the character from the film, to no avail. The group has expressed some regret over their hardline position years later, feeling the battle left Paramount bitter and reluctant to fully market the film.

Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a score of 44% based on reviews from 39 critics. On Metacritic, it has a score of 55% based on reviews from 23 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".

Siskel and Ebert were split, and they had a heated disagreement over Brain Candy on their weekly review show: Gene Siskel gave the movie three-and-a-half stars, calling the movie "audacious, clever, very funny" and predicted it would become a midnight cult film; Roger Ebert claimed that he did not laugh once during the screening and found it "awful, terrible, dreadful, stupid, idiotic, unfunny, labored, forced, painful, bad."
Janet Maslin of The New York Times called the film "[nothing] more than a sloppy showcase for the group's costume-changing tricks."
Edward Guthmann at The San Francisco Chronicle, called Brain Candy "a splendid showcase for their diverse, frisky talents."

It was also nominated for Most Painfully Unfunny Comedy at the 1996 Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, but lost to Bio-Dome.

The film suffered poor box office returns. This was turned into a plot device in the opening episode of the 2022 Amazon Prime Video series. As the first episode opens, the movie is under a curse because of its poor sales. With the purchase of a VHS copy at a garage sale, the movie finally breaks even; the curse is lifted, the Kids are exhumed, and the new series begins.

The Kids themselves have expressed mixed feelings over the finished product, most notably on the behind-the-scenes DVD of their 2000 tour, Same Guys, New Dresses. The troupe took a four-year hiatus after  Brain Candys release, though the break-up was already in motion even before filming was underway.

In 2014, the troupe reunited to perform a live reading of the film's screenplay at the Toronto Sketch Comedy Festival.

In 2023, Barry Hertz of The Globe and Mail named the film as one of the 23 best Canadian comedy films ever made.

Alternate title and ending
An original working title for the movie was The Drug, which is what GLeeMONEX is extensively referred to during the course of the film (in fact, "Brain Candy" is never actually heard in the film). Bruce McCulloch came up with Brain Candy at the studio's request for something more marketable.

Two endings were filmed, with the relatively more upbeat conclusion making the final cut. In the alternate version, Dave Foley plays a crazed activist who leads a militant movement against GLeeMONEX. Chris Cooper, unable to cope with the mayhem his drug has created, decides to take it himself, and ends up lapsing into a coma. The unused ending has not been officially released, but a leaked workprint was widely traded among fans on the internet during the late 1990s.

Soundtrack

A soundtrack album was released the Tuesday prior to the film's release. It consists of music from the film, interspersed with dialog.

 "Some Days It's Dark" - Death Lurks (McCulloch as Grivo with Odds) (with film dialog)
 "Painted Soldiers" - Pavement
 "Happiness" - Matthew Sweet
 "Happiness Pie" - Death Lurks
 "Six Dick Pimp" - Liz Phair (followed by dialog leading into next track)
 "I'm Gay" - Scott Thompson & Joe Sealy
 "Spiraling Shape" - They Might Be Giants
 "Swoon" - Pell Mell
 "Birthday Cake" - Cibo Matto
 "Butts Wigglin" - The Tragically Hip
 "Postal Blowfish" - Guided by Voices
 "Pablo and Andrea" - Yo La Tengo
 "How To Play Your Internal Organs Overnight" - Stereolab
 "Nata di Marzo" - Pizzicato Five
 "Eat My Brain" - Odds
 "Long Dark Twenties" - Paul Bellini
 "Having an Average Weekend" - Shadowy Men on a Shadowy Planet

References

External links

1996 films
1996 comedy films
Canadian comedy films
Canadian LGBT-related films
English-language Canadian films
Films based on television series
Films shot in Toronto
Films set in Toronto
Lakeshore Entertainment films
Paramount Pictures films
The Kids in the Hall
Canadian satirical films
Films with screenplays by Bruce McCulloch
1996 LGBT-related films
Films about depression
Films produced by Lorne Michaels
Films directed by Kelly Makin
1990s English-language films
1990s Canadian films
English-language comedy films

Kids in the Hall: Brain Candy


Dodonaea microzyga, es una especie de arbusto perteneciente a la familia de las sapindáceas. Es originaria de Australia.

Descripción
Es un arbusto erecto que alcanza un tamaño de 1,5 m de altura. Las hojas son imparipinnadas, de 0.3-1 cm de largo, con 5 o 7 folíolos, oblanceoladas a ampliamente obovadas, por lo general de 1.5-3.5 mm de largo, y 1-3 mm de ancho, el ápice obtuso, rara vez dentadas o con muescas, la base cuneada, y con pecíolo de 1.5-5 mm de largo. Las flores solitarias o en parejas; con pedicelos de 3.5-5 mm de largo. Con 4 sépalos ovados de 1.8-2.6 mm de largo, no persistentes. Ovario pubescente. El fruto en forma de cápsula con 3 -, rara vez cuatro alas, de 10-13,5 mm de largo y 10 a 17,5 mm de ancho, glabros;  las alas de 2,5-5 mm de ancho, membranosas.

Distribución y hábitat
Se encuentra  en hábitats áridos, por lo general en bosques abiertos o matorrales en su mayoría en suelos de piedras, en las colinas y las zonas de mineral de hierro y granito de Nueva Gales del Sur en Australia.

Taxonomía
Dodonaea microzyga fue descrita por Ferdinand von Mueller y publicado en  Rep. Gov. Bot. Director Bot. Zool. Gard. 1863: 12, en el año 1863.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

microzyga

Dodonaea microzyga


Kafkas sivri faresi (Sorex caucasicus), burnu kirpi gibi uzun bir böcekçil memeli türüdür.

Türkçede "fare" olarak adlandırılmalarına ve genel görünüm olarak benzemelerine karşın, farelerden ayrı bir takımda yer alırlar.

Boyları yaklaşık 5,5-7,1 cm'dir. Ağırlıkları yaklaşık, 8-14 gramdır. Renkleri normalden daha açık, vücudun üst tarafı kızıla çalan gümüşümsü kahverengi, alt tarafı gümüşümsü gri renktedir. Kuyruk sınırları belirgin bir renk sınırına sahiptir.

Köstebekgiller
Azerbaycan'daki memeliler
Türkiye'deki memeliler

Kafkas sivri faresi


Kanalen i Tønsberg, også kendt som Stenskanalen er et lille, smalt Stræde som skiller fastlandet i Tønsberg med øen Nøtterøy i Vestfold og Telemark fylke i Norge. Over Kanalen går det to klapbroer (en vejbro og en gangbro): Kanalbroen og Kaldnes bro.

Kilder og henvisninger

Tønsberg
Vestfold og Telemarks geografi
Farvande i Norge

Kanalen (Tønsberg)


Cilla Black, døbt Priscilla Maria Veronica White (født 27. maj 1943, død 1. august 2015), var en engelsk sanger og entertainer, der med opbakning fra The Beatles brød igennem i 1963 og opnåede en stribe pophit i løbet af især 1960'erne. Blandt hendes største hits var "Anyone Who Had a Heart" og "You're My World", der begge nåede førstepladsen på den britiske hitliste. Senere fik hun sit eget tv-show, inden hun helt helligede sig tv-mediet som vært i forskellige populære engelske tv-serier. Hun kunne i 2013 fejre 50 år i show business, hvilket ITV markerede med et show til ære for Black i oktober dette år.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officiel hjemmeside

Sangere fra England

Cilla Black


Thomas Champion (Saint-Sébastien-sur-Loire, 8 de setembro de 1999) é um ciclista profissional francês membro da equipa Cofidis de categoria UCI WorldTeam.

Biografia
Em agosto de 2020 distinguiu-se entre os profissionais ao conseguir a quarta praça no Tour de Saboia Mont-Blanc, depois de vestir a camisola de líder dos jovens. No mesmo mês, terminou nono na Ronde d'Isard, uma corrida famosa para escaladores emergentes. No mês de setembro assinou seu primeiro contrato profissional com a equipa UCI WorldTeam Cofidis.

Em agosto de 2022 a equipa selecionou-o para participar na Volta a Espanha.

Palmarés
 Ainda não tem conseguido vitórias como profissional.

Resultados em Grandes Voltas

—: Não participa
Ab.: Abandona

Equipas
  Cofidis (2021-)

Referências

Ligações externas

Ciclistas da França
Naturais do País do Loire

Thomas Champion


Bloomingdale Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Bloomingdale Township (Illinois)
 Bloomingdale Township (Michigan)

Bloomingdale Township


Bassam Tariq (Carachi, 22 de outubro de 1986) é um diretor de cinema, produtor e roteirista americano-paquistanês. Ele co-dirigiu e produziu o documentário financiado pelo Sundance These Birds Walk (2013) com Omar Mullick, e foi nomeado no "25 New Faces of Independent Film" da Filmmaker em 2012.

As obras de Tariq visam descobrir a diversidade da vida e experiência muçulmana. Além de cinema, seus diversos projetos incluem blogs e escrita, co-fundar um açougue halal e ser um TED Fellow.

Biografia
Tariq nasceu no Paquistão e se mudou para os EUA com sua família ainda jovem. Ele cresceu no bairro de Astoria, em Nova York, e se mudou para Houston aos 11 anos.

Tariq recebeu um Bacharelado de Ciências (BC) em publicidade pela Universidade do Texas em Austin em 2008. Enquanto estava na faculdade, Tariq teve uma aula chamada "Criatividade na Cultura Americana" que o inspirou a começar a fazer filmes, que a princípio eram vídeos corporativos. Ele trabalhou como freelancer e filmou vídeos promocionais para Celestica, The University of Texas at Austin e CBS News 11.

Carreira
Tariq começou a fazer cinema na faculdade para ganhar dinheiro extra enquanto se formava. Ele também produziu histórias em vídeo para a Time, um curta-metragem para a The New Yorker, e co-dirigiu um PSA para incentivar a vacinação contra a pólio no Paquistão.

Ele se mudou para Nova York novamente depois da faculdade e trabalhou em publicidade como redator na Saatchi & Saatchi. Ele também trabalhou como redator em outras agências, incluindo RAPP e BBDO NY.

Em julho de 2021, Tariq estava em negociações finais para dirigir o filme Blade, da Marvel Studios, e foi contratado em setembro de 2021. Em 28 de setembro de 2022, Tariq deixou o cargo de diretor de do filme, com a produção prevista para começar em novembro de 2022. Ele permanecerá ligado ao projeto como produtor executivo.

Filmografia

Filmes

Créditos adicionais

Referências

Links externos

 Bassam Tariq no IMDb

Nascidos em 1986
Naturais de Carachi
Paquistaneses
Roteiristas
Produtores de cinema

Bassam Tariq


Albrecht Glenz (* 6. August 1907 in Erbach im Odenwald; † 6. Februar 1990 in Hanau) war als Bildhauer in Frankfurt am Main, Erbach im Odenwald und in Hanau und als künstlerischer Dozent in Erbach im Odenwald und an der Staatlichen Zeichenakademie in Hanau tätig.

Familie

Albrecht Glenz kam als Sohn des Elfenbeinbildhauers Otto Glenz und seiner Frau Minna, geb. Arrass, zur Welt. 1912 bis 1916 besuchte er die Grundschule in Hanau anschließend bis zu seinem Abitur 1925 das Gymnasium in Michelstadt und arbeitete in der väterlichen Werkstatt mit. Er war mit dem Künstler Reinhold Ewald befreundet. 1935 heiratete er Hildegard Müller, die schon im folgenden Jahr, nach der Geburt der Tochter Gisela, verstarb. 1940 heiratete er zum zweiten Mal, Ellen Strenger. Ihr Sohn Christoph kam 1940 zur Welt, die Tochter Susanne 1947 (heute: Voss und ebenfalls künstlerisch tätig).

Künstlerischer Werdegang

1925/26 folgte der Besuch der Fachschule für Holz und Elfenbein in Erbach, 1926/27 ein Studium an der Kunstakademie München bei Joseph Wackerle und 1927–1932 an der Kunstakademie Düsseldorf als Meisterschüler von R. Richard Langer. Albrecht Glenz bezeichnete den Einfluss August Gauls auf sein frühes Schaffen als äußerst wichtig. 1932 schloss sich ein halbjähriger Studienaufenthalt in Paris und Spanien an. 1932 bis 1940 war er als selbstständiger Bildhauer in Frankfurt am Main in einem Atelier in der Städelschule tätig. Hier schuf er unter anderem Porträtbüsten von Leo Frobenius und Stefan George. In dieser Zeit arbeitete er auch fortlaufend an der Sanierung der Frankfurter Altstadt mit. Die dabei geschaffenen Werke sind allerdings mit der Zerstörung Frankfurts im Zweiten Weltkrieg größtenteils untergegangen, ebenso der gesamte Bestand an Kunstwerken, die sich noch in seinem Atelier befanden. Außerdem fertigte er in seiner Frankfurter Zeit Reliefs zur Ausgestaltung des Platzes der Nation in Worms (heute: Platz der Partnerschaft). Diese sind noch erhalten. Glenz war 1940 mit zwei Plastiken auf der Großen Deutschen Kunstausstellung in München vertreten.

Ende 1940 wurde er zur Wehrmacht eingezogen und befand sich anschließend in US-amerikanischer Kriegsgefangenschaft. 1946 kehrte er nach Erbach zurück, wohin sich seine Familie während des Krieges in Sicherheit gebracht hatte. Noch im gleichen Jahr wurde er Mitglied der Darmstädter Sezession. Im folgenden Jahr wurde er Direktor der Fachschule für Holz und Elfenbein. Gleichzeitig blieb er freischaffend tätig. Es entstanden eine Reihe von Plastiken in Frankfurt am Main: die Figur eines Postreiters für den Hainer Hof, 1953 ein "Schwebender Genius mit Wappen der Stadt Frankfurt" für die Bundesbahn-Hauptverwaltung und 1960 ein Betonrelief an der Neuen Nicolaikirche.

Nach Auflösung der Fachschule in Erbach 1955 wurde Albrecht Glenz als Dozent an die Zeichenakademie in Hanau versetzt, wo schon sein Vater 1912 bis 1916 gelehrt hatte. Über die für Frankfurt schon erwähnten Werke hinaus entstanden weitere im öffentlichen Raum. Hervorzuheben sind das Altarkreuz und die Leuchter für die Christuskirche in Hanau, die Ausstattung der Lutherkirche in Hanau-Wolfgang mit Altar, Taufbecken, Kanzel und Leuchter, eine Großplastik für den Schwurgerichtssaal im Landgericht Hanau (heute im Amtsgericht Idstein), ein Kupferrelief als Wandgestaltung im Arbeitsamt Hanau und ein Klappaltar für die Stephanuskirche in Göttingen.

Ab 1970 war er wieder als freier Bildhauer tätig. Zum umfangreichen Spätwerk zählen die Bronze-Plastik zum Märchen "Die sechs Schwäne und ihre Schwester" für die Ecksituation Freiheitsplatz / Hammerstraße in Hanau, heute im Schlossgarten, und die Stadtwiesensäule in Erbach.

Werk

Das Werk von Albrecht Glenz umfasst bildhauerische Arbeiten in Elfenbein, Holz, Bronze, Kupfer und Stein, darunter auch Großplastiken. Sein Stil war ein gemäßigter Realismus, immer dem natürlichen Vorbild verbunden, aber formal verknappt bis hin zur Abstraktion. Neben den Bildhauerarbeiten besteht auch ein sehr umfangreiches zeichnerisches Werk.

Arbeiten von ihm befinden sich im Hessischen Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Deutschen Elfenbeinmuseum in Erbach, Historischen Museum Hanau und im Landschaftsmuseum Seligenstadt.

Würdigungen

 1963: Ehrenplakette des Hessischen Ministerpräsidenten in Silber für seine Elfenbeinarbeiten.
 1982 erhielt er zu seinem 75. Geburtstag die August-Gaul-Plakette der Stadt Hanau verliehen.
 1993 veranstaltete das Historische Museum Hanau eine umfassende Retrospektiv-Ausstellung.

Literatur

 Anton Merk: Albrecht Glenz – Leben und Werk. In: Stadt Hanau: Albrecht Glenz 1907–1990. Hanau 1993, S. 4–7.
 Stadt Hanau (Hrsg.): Albrecht Glenz 1907–1990. [Ausstellungskatalog] Hanau 1993.
 Alexander Bastek (Bearb.): Von Köpfen und Körpern. Frankfurter Bildhauerei aus dem Städel, Frankfurt a. M.: Städel 2006, ISBN 9783935283113, S. 244–245.

Einzelnachweise

Bildhauer der Moderne
Person (Hanau)
Person (Erbach, Odenwald)
Bildhauer (Frankfurt am Main)
Deutscher
Geboren 1907
Gestorben 1990
Mann

Albrecht Glenz


Palmegrib () er en subsaharisk høgefugl.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Afrikas fugle
Høgefugle

Palmegrib


Mary Had a Little Lamb (María tenía un corderito) es una canción infantil perteneciente a la música estadounidense. Registrada en el , es una de las piezas de su género más populares, cuya característica melodía es conocida en todo el mundo.

Versiones en castellano
Circulan distintas versiones en castellano de esta canción en los cancioneros infantiles, ciñéndose más o menos a la letra original o en traducciones libres: María tenía un corderito; El corderito va a la escuela, La ovejita de mamá, etc. Cada versión implica adaptar más o menos, también, la melodía original al texto en castellano.

Letra

Mary had a little lamb,little lamb, little lamb,
Mary had a little lamb,whose fleece was white as snow.

And everywhere that Mary went,Mary went, Mary went,
and everywhere that Mary went,the lamb was sure to go.

It followed her to school one dayschool one day, school one day,
It followed her to school one day,which was against the rules.

It made the children laugh and play,laugh and play, laugh and play,
it made the children laugh and playto see a lamb at school.

And so the teacher turned it out,turned it out, turned it out,
And so the teacher turned it out,but still it lingered near,

And waited patiently about, patiently about,And waited patiently about
till Mary did appear."Why does the lamb love Mary so?"
Love Mary so? Love Mary so?"Why does the lamb love Mary so,"
the eager children cry."Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know."
The lamb, you know, the lamb, you know,"Why, Mary loves the lamb, you know,"
 the teacher did reply.

Grabaciones
Fue la primera canción grabada en un fonógrafo.
El músico de blues Stevie Ray Vaughan grabó una versión en su disco Texas Flood.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Música folclórica de Estados Unidos
Infancia
Corderos de ficción
Canciones sobre animales
Canciones infantiles
Ovinos en el arte

Mary Had a Little Lamb


was a town located in Ketaka District, Tottori Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 9,869 and a density of 287.64 persons per km2. The total area was 34.31 km2.

On November 1, 2004, Ketaka, along with the town of Kokufu, the village of Fukube (both from Iwami District), the towns of Aoya and Shikano (all from Ketaka District), the towns of Kawahara and Mochigase, and the village of Saji (all from Yazu District), was merged into the expanded city of Tottori.

External links
Official town website

Dissolved municipalities of Tottori Prefecture
Tottori (city)

Ketaka, Tottori


An Cyperus tacnensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck ngan Franz Julius Ferdinand Meyen. An Cyperus tacnensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyperus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 C. t. tacnensis
 C. t. tarijensis
 C. t. weberbaueri

Mga kasarigan

Cyperus

Cyperus tacnensis


Silberstedt Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı bölge. 37,9 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 2265 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Ingeline Petersen tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-silberstedt.de

Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Silberstedt