WRC Team Mini Portugal fue el equipo oficial de MINI en el Campeonato Mundial de Rally durante la temporada 2012, año en el que nació a partir de la fusión de los equipos Armindo Araújo World Rally Team y Palmeirinha Rally y estaba gestionado por la marca italiana Motorsport Italia. Compitió como constructor desde el Rally de Suecia de 2012 tras el desacuerdo entre Prodrive y BMW, que hizo perder el estatus de constructor (equipo oficial) al anterior equipo: el Mini WRC Team.

Actualmente compiten en rallies seleccionados y no han logrado el éxito del que fuera el equipo oficial.

Tras la temporada 2012 BMW anunció que no habría equipo oficial de MINI para la temporada 2013 pero si se comprometió a seguir desarrollando junto a Prodrive el Mini John Cooper Works WRC.

Resultados

Campeonato Mundial de Rally

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 WRC Team MINI Portugal  WRC.com

Equipos de rally
Equipos de automovilismo de Italia

WRC Team Mini Portugal


An Canistrum triangulare in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Lyman Bradford Smith ngan Raulino Reitz. An Canistrum triangulare in nahilalakip ha genus nga Canistrum, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Canistrum

Canistrum triangulare


Die Liste der Biografien führt alle Personen auf, die in der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia einen Artikel haben. Dieses ist eine Teilliste mit 100 Einträgen von Personen, deren Namen mit den Buchstaben "Pek" beginnt.

Pek

 Pęk, Karolina (* 1998), polnische Behindertensportlerin im Tischtennis

Peka
 Peka, Jan (1894–1985), tschechoslowakischer Eishockeytorwart
 Pekach, König des Nordreichs Israel
 Pekachja, König des Nordreichs Israel
 Pękala, Karol (1902–1968), polnischer Geistlicher, Weihbischof in Tarnów
 Pękalski, Ireneusz (* 1950), polnischer Geistlicher, Weihbischof in Łódź
 Pękalski, Ivo (* 1990), schwedischer Fußballspieler
 Pękalski, Leszek (* 1966), polnischer Serienmörder
 Pekanow, Atanas (* 1991), bulgarischer Wirtschaftswissenschaftler
 Pekár, Gyula (1867–1937), ungarischer Schriftsteller und Politiker
 Pekar, Harvey (1939–2010), US-amerikanischer Comicautor
 Pekař, Josef (1870–1937), tschechischer Historiker
 Pekár, Sofie (* 2003), deutsche Schauspielerin
 Pekar, Solomon Isaakowitsch (1917–1985), ukrainischer Physiker und Hochschullehrer
 Pekarek, Andreas (* 1949), deutscher Fußballspieler
 Pekarek, Josef (1913–1996), österreichischer Fußballspieler
 Pekarek, Klaus (* 1956), österreichischer Manager
 Pekarík, Peter (* 1986), slowakischer Fußballspieler
 Pekarna, Karl (1881–1946), österreichischer Fußballspieler auf der Position eines Torwarts
 Pekarna, Ludwig (1896–1920), österreichischer Fußball-Torwart
 Pekartschuk, Charytyna (1894–1973), ukrainische Aktivistin, Sanitäterin und Unteroffizierin
 Pekáry, Thomas (1929–2010), deutscher Althistoriker ungarischer Herkunft

Pekc
 Pekcan, Ruhsar (* 1958), türkische Unternehmerin und Ministerin für Handel der Republik Türkei

Pekd
 Pekdeğer, Asaf (1950–2011), deutsch-türkischer Hydrogeologe und Hochschullehrer an der Freien Universität Berlin
 Pekdemir, Erdal (* 1992), türkischer Fußballspieler
 Pekdemir, Şafak (* 1988), türkische Schauspielerin

Peke
 Pekel, Birol (1938–2004), türkischer Fußballspieler und -trainer
 Pekel, Melike (* 1995), deutschtürkische Fußballspielerin
 Pekelder, Jacco (* 1967), niederländischer Historiker
 Pekeler, Hendrik (* 1991), deutscher Handballspieler
 Pekelharing, Cornelis Adrianus (1848–1922), niederländischer Mediziner
 Pekeliūnas, Alfredas (* 1948), litauischer Agrarunternehmer und Politiker (Seimas)
 Pekelský, Jaroslav (1898–1978), tschechoslowakischer Violinist, Komponist und Musikpädagoge
 Pekelský, Vladimír (1920–1975), tschechoslowakischer Journalist, politischer Aktivist, Mitarbeiter des tschechoslowakischen Geheimdienstes
 Peker, Hakan (* 1961), türkischer Popmusiker
 Peker, Henning (* 1966), deutscher Schauspieler
 Peker, Metin (* 1993), türkischer Fußballspieler
 Peker, Recep (1889–1950), türkischer Militär, Politiker und Ministerpräsident der Türkei
 Peker, Sedat (* 1971), türkischer Anführer einer kriminellen Vereinigung
 Pekeris, Chaim L. (1908–1993), israelischer Physiker
 Pékerman, José (* 1949), argentinischer Fußballspieler und -trainer
 Pekerman, Nina (* 1977), israelische Triathletin

Pekh
 Pekhart, Tomáš (* 1989), tschechischer Fußballspieler

Peki
 Pekič, Damir (* 1979), slowenischer Fußballspieler
 Pękiel, Bartłomiej, polnischer Komponist des Barock
 Pekin, Büşra (* 1982), türkische Theater- und Filmschauspielerin
 Pekin, Colleen (* 1957), australische Sprinterin
 Pekin, İsmail Hakkı (* 1951), türkischer Generalleutnant und Politiker
 Pekin, Lyndsay (* 1986), australische Hürdenläuferin und Sprinterin
 Pekin, Pamir (* 1979), türkischer Schauspieler
 Pekinel, Güher (* 1953), türkische Pianistin
 Pekinel, Süher (* 1953), türkische Pianistin

Pekk
 Pekkala, Mauno (1890–1952), finnischer Politiker, Mitglied des Reichstags und Ministerpräsident
 Pekkala, Olli (* 1987), finnischer Skispringer
 Pekkala, Tomi (* 1988), finnischer Eishockeyspieler
 Pekkala, Vilho (1898–1974), finnischer Ringer
 Pekkalainen, Aarne (1895–1958), finnischer Segler
 Pekkan, Ajda (* 1946), türkische Sängerin und Schauspielerin
 Pekkan, Semiramis (* 1948), türkische Schauspielerin und Sängerin
 Pekkanen, Toivo (1902–1957), finnischer Schriftsteller
 Pekkanen, Tuomo (* 1934), finnischer Latinist und Autor neulateinischer Literatur
 Pekkarinen, Mauri (* 1947), finnischer Politiker, Mitglied des Reichstags
 Pekkola, Sonja (* 1993), finnische Badmintonspielerin

Pekl
 Pekler, Michael (* 1971), österreichischer Autor und Journalist
 Pekli, Maria (* 1972), australische Judoka
 Pekluschenko, Oleksandr (1954–2015), ukrainischer Politiker

Pekm
 Pekmezi, Georg (1872–1938), Albanologe

Pekn
 Pekny, Romuald (1920–2007), österreichischer Kammerschauspieler
 Pekny, Thomas, österreichischer Bühnenbildner und Professor für Experimentelle Gestaltung, Mode- und Bühnenkostüme an der Hochschule Pforzheim
 Pekny, Wolfgang (* 1956), österreichischer Umwelt- und Commons-Aktivist

Peko
 Peko, Domata (* 1984), US-amerikanischer American-Football-Spieler
 Peko, Ivan (* 1990), kroatischer Fußballspieler
 Pekol, Theodor (1888–1958), deutscher Busbauer und -unternehmer
 Pekoll, Markus (* 1987), österreichischer Downhill-Mountainbiker
 Pekonen, Aino-Kaisa (* 1979), finnische Politikerin des Linksbündnisses
 Pekonen, Osmo (1960–2022), finnischer Mathematiker, Historiker und Schriftsteller
 Pekoske, David (* 1955), US-amerikanischer Regierungsbeamter und ehemaliger Vizeadmiral der United States Coast Guard
 Peković, Miladin (* 1983), serbischer Basketballspieler
 Peković, Milorad (* 1977), montenegrinischer Fußballspieler
 Peković, Nikola (* 1986), montenegrinischer Basketballspieler
 Peković, Nikola (* 1990), serbischer Volleyballspieler

Pekr
 Pekrul, Gisela (* 1944), deutsche Verlegerin, Autorin und Herausgeberin
 Pekrul, Maximilian (* 1989), deutscher Schauspieler
 Pekrun, Carola (* 1963), deutsche Hochschullehrerin für Pflanzenbau
 Pekrun, Reinhard (* 1952), deutscher Psychologe
 Pekrun, Richard (* 1882), deutscher Gymnasiallehrer und Honorardozent

Peks
 Peksa, Mikuláš (* 1986), tschechischer Biophysiker und Politiker (Česká pirátská strana), MdEP
 Pekşen, Halil İbrahim (* 1993), türkischer Fußballspieler
 Pēkšēns, Konstantīns (1859–1928), lettischer Architekt
 Pekser, Kemal (* 1981), türkischer Schauspieler
 Pekstiņš, Kārlis (* 1992), lettischer Squashspieler

Pekt
 Pektaş, Mihri (1895–1979), türkische Politikerin
 Pektaş, Uğur (* 1976), türkischer Schauspieler
 Pektemek, Mustafa (* 1988), türkischer Fußballspieler
 Pektor, Walter (1945–1994), österreichischer Speerwerfer
 Pektürk, Tayfun (* 1988), deutscher Fußballspieler

Peku
 Pekur, Ljudmyla (* 1981), ukrainische Fußballspielerin
 Pekuri, Kauko (1912–1998), finnischer Langstreckenläufer
 Pekurinen, Arndt (1905–1941), finnischer Pazifist

Peky
 Pekyürek, Ömer (* 1982), türkischer Filmregisseur, Drehbuchautor, Filmproduzent und Fotograf

Liste der Biografien/Pek


Islam Slimani () este un fotbalist algerian. Joacă ca atacant pentru Leicester City din Premier League din Anglia.

Cluburi

Goluri internaționale

Note

Legături externe

Fotbaliști algerieni
Fotbaliști internaționali algerieni
Fotbaliști ai lui Sporting
Nașteri în 1988

Islam Slimani


Four ships of the United States Navy have been named Asheville after Asheville, North Carolina.

 , was a gunboat that served in the Caribbean and off the China coast, and was sunk by Japanese forces early in World War II.
 , an Asheville-class patrol frigate, served on the East Coast doing escort duties during World War II.
 , a high-speed gunboat, served in the Vietnam War.
 , is a Los Angeles-class submarine, currently in service.

Sources

United States Navy ship names

USS Asheville


|}

Die Wusung-Bahn war die erste Eisenbahnstrecke Chinas. Sie war schmalspurig in der Spurweite von 762 mm ausgeführt und besaß eine Länge von etwa 14,5 Kilometern. Die Strecke verband Wusung im heutigen Baoshan mit dem heutigen Zhabei in Shanghai. Am 3. Juli 1876 wurde der reguläre Verkehr aufgenommen, im Jahr 1877 wurde die Strecke schon wieder zurückgebaut.

Geschichte
Der Zweck des Projektes ergab sich vor folgendem Hintergrund: Die großen Hochseeschiffe, welche nicht bis Shanghai hineinfahren konnten, wurden in Wusung entladen und dann die Ware mit Karren in die Stadt befördert. Dieses System sollte durch eine Eisenbahn modernisiert werden.

Bei der Errichtung der Bahn waren die Engländer federführend. Da in China während der Qing-Dynastie die Eisenbahn als Symbol des Kolonialismus erkannt wurde und ihre Errichtung untersagt worden war, bediente man sich folgender Finte: Man gab die Linie einfach als "Waggon-Way" aus. Für dieses Projekt wurde der "Woosung Road Company" 1875 die Genehmigung erteilt. Von einer "Railroad" war also keine Rede. 1876 wurde die Bahn in Betrieb genommen.

Der Betrug der Engländer flog bald auf, doch der chinesische Protest verhallte ungehört. Am 3. August 1876 wurde jedoch ein Einheimischer überfahren und die chinesischen Behörden erzwangen nun eine Betriebseinstellung. Im Dezember 1876 wurde der Betrieb wieder aufgenommen, dauerte jedoch nur noch bis zum 20. Oktober 1877. Sodann wurden die Bahngebäude abgetragen, die Schienen aus dem Boden gerissen und nach Taiwan verfrachtet, wo sie verrotteten.

1898 wurde erneut eine Bahnstrecke Wusung–Shanghai gebaut.

Literatur
 Peter A. Crush: Woosung Road - the Story of China's First Railway. Juli 1999, The Railway Tavern, ISBN 962-85532-1-6.
 Blair C. Currie: The Woosung Railroad (1872-1877). In: Papers on China 20 (1966), S. 49 ff.

Weblinks
 Artikel zu den Anfängen des chinesischen Eisenbahnwesens
 Die erste chinesische Eisenbahn. In: Adolf Kröner (Hrsg.): Die Gartenlaube, Heft 2. Keil, Leipzig 1895, S. 35 (Artikel aus Wikisource)

Einzelnachweise

Chinesische Geschichte (19. Jahrhundert)
Verkehrsgeschichte (China)
Schienenverkehr (Shanghai)
Verkehrsgeschichte (Shanghai)
Bahnstrecke in der Volksrepublik China

Wusung-Bahn


فيروس جدري الماء المنطقي أو حمة الحماق المنطقي أو الفيروس النطاقي الحماقي أو فيروس جدري الماء النطاقي  هو أحد فيروسات الهربس الثمانية التي تصيب البشر، وهي المسؤولة عن حدوث مرض الحماق (جدري الماء) لدى الأطفال و الهربس النطاقي (زنار من نار) والألم العصبي التالي للهربس لدى البالغين. يعرف الفيروس بعدة مسميات منها فيروس جدري الماء وفيروس العنقز.

الأمراض الناتجة عن العدوى
يتسبب الفيروس النطاقي الحماقي بشكل رئيسي في حدوث مرض الحماق أو جدري الماء، ويحدث داء الحماق عقب العدوى الأولية ومن النادر جداً أن يتكرر حدوثه، وغالباً ما يستهدف هذا المرض الأطفال، إلا أنه قد يصيب البالغين الذين لم يتعرضوا من قبل للفيروس والذين ليست لديهم أجسام مناعية ضده، وعادة ما تكون إصابة البالغين أكثر حدة وخطورة من إصابة الأطفال حيث أنها قد تؤدي لحدوث التهاب فيروسي دماغي أو الإصابة بداء ذات الرئة الفيروسي.

عقب الإصابة بداء الحماق، يكون الجسم غلوبيولينات مناعية ضد الفيروس مما يحول دون تكرار حدوث داء الحماق مرة أخرى، إلا أن الفيروس (شأنه شأن باقي الفيروسات الهربسية) يختبئ في أجسام الخلايا العصبية ويبقى ساكناً لمدة طويلة، وأكثر ما يرقد في العصب ثلاثي التوائم و عقد الجذر الظهرية. يعود الفيروس لنشاطه في 10-20% من الحالات، وعندما ينشط الفيروس مرة أخرى؛ يتسبب بحدوث مرض الهربس النطاقي.

المورفولوجيا
إن شكل وتركيب الفيروس النطاقي الحماقي قريب جدا من شكل وتركيب فيروس الحلأ البسيط، فهو يتكون من جزيء دنا خطي ذي طاقين، ومحاط بقفيصة بروتينة عشرينية المسطحات مغطاة بغلاف، لغلاف الفيروس بروتينات سكرية مميز هي: (gB, gC, gE, gH, gI, gK, gL)، الفيروس النطاقي الحماقي دائري الشكل يبلغ قطره 150-200 نانومتر.

هذا الفيروس حساس للمعقمات وخاصة لمستحضر تحت كلوريت الصوديوم، كما أنه حساس لعدة أدوية مضادة للفيروسات كالآسيكلوفير و الفيدارابين.

اللقاح
يتوّفر حالياً لقاح مضاد للفيروس النطاقي الحماقي، يحتوي اللقاح على فيروس حي موهن، تنتجه شركة ميرك تحت اسم فاريفاكس  بعد أن أقرته دائرة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية في 1995، وقد أوضحت الدراسات أن اللقاح استطاع منع الإصابة بعدوى الفيروس لمدة تجاوزت 10 سنوات، كما حد من مضاعفات الحالات المصابة وعدد إدخالات المستشفيات نتيجة الإصابة بالعدوى. في 2006 أقرت دائرة الغذاء والدواء الأمريكية لقاح زوستافاكس  المطور من لقاح فاريفاكس والمستخدم في منع حدوث الهربس النطاقي.

انظر أيضا
 حماق
 هربس نطاقي
 فيروس الحلأ البسيط

مراجع

أمراض فيروسية حيوانية
جدري الماء

فيروس جدري الماء النطاقي


Bølgens Børn er en dansk oplysningsfilm fra 2010, der er instrueret af Marica Pedersen og Mia Nielsen.

Handling
De tre brødre Oscar, Lester og Miguel bor ved Nicaraguas vestkyst. Havet her råder over landets bedste bølger. Da brødrene var små brugte de kun havet til at fiske og bade i, men for to år siden begyndte de også at surfe. Siden da har de brugt al deres tid i bølgerne. Drengenes store drøm er en dag at blive professionelle og kunne leve af at surfe. Filmen foregår i Nicaragua, som er Latinamerikas næstfattigste land. På grund af fattigdom er der stor mangel på arbejde og mange unge bliver fristet af kriminalitet og hurtige penge. Det kræver en stor portion viljestyrke og kreativitet, hvis man skal gå andre veje. Filmen følger drengenes forsøg på at finde vejen til en bedre fremtid.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2010

Nicaragua
Oplysningsfilm fra Danmark
Surfing

Bølgens Børn


Le clos des Salanganes (en néerlandais: Salanganengaarde) est un clos bruxellois de la commune de Woluwe-Saint-Pierre qui débute avenue Yvan Lutens sur une longueur totale de 180 mètres.

Historique et description

Situation et accès

Inventaire régional des biens remarquables

Voir aussi
 Liste des rues de Woluwe-Saint-Pierre

Liens externes
 Commune de Woluwe-Saint-Pierre

Notes et références

 La Chanson des rues de Woluwe-Saint-Pierre de Jean Francis. Louis Musin Éditeur – Bruxelles 1975

Clos à Woluwe-Saint-Pierre

Clos des Salanganes


Dame Ann Elizabeth Mary Leslie, née le  et morte le , est une journaliste britannique travaillant pour le Daily Mail.

Éducation
Ann Leslie est née à Rawalpindi, dans le Raj britannique (maintenant au Pakistan), où elle passe ses premières années, fréquentant une école de langue anglaise et a été témoin de la partition des Indes.

En 1950, ses parents l'envoient dans un internat en Angleterre, où elle a fréquenté la Presentation Convent School à Matlock, Derbyshire, et la St Leonards-Mayfield School, East Sussex. Elle fréquente ensuite le collège Lady Margaret Hall, à Oxford.

Carrière
Son premier emploi dans le journalisme est au Daily Express à Manchester en 1962. Elle rejoint le Daily Mail en 1967.

Elle interviewe de grandes stars de cinéma, des artistes ou des personnalités politiques, et rend compte de nombreuses guerres, conflits civils et histoires politiques dans environ 70 pays. Lors du lancement par Reuters / Press Gazette du Newspaper Hall of Fame, elle est désignée comme l'une des journalistes les plus influentes des quarante dernières années. Dans The Great Reporters de David Randall (célébrant les 13 meilleurs journalistes britanniques et américains de tous les temps), elle est présentée comme "la journaliste la plus polyvalente de tous les temps".

Elle est une animatrice régulière sur la BBC dans Question Time, Any Questions?, Dateline London, mais aussi sur Sky News et dans d'autres organismes de diffusion internationaux.

Ann Leslie est interviewée par National Life Stories (C467/18) en 2007-2008 pour la collection « Histoire orale de la presse britannique » détenue par la British Library.

Elle couvre notamment pour le Daily Mail la chute du mur de Berlin, le coup d'État manqué contre Mikhaïl Gorbatchev et la marche finale de Nelson Mandela vers la liberté. Elle fait aussi des interviews secrètes en Iran et en Corée du Nord. Lors d'une expérience dangereuse en Rhodésie et au Zimbabwe, elle critique les autres journalistes ne s'avanturant pas en dehors de leur hôtel tout en rapportant des histoires sensationnelles, une forme de journalisme jaune selon elle.

Ses mémoires, Killing My Own Snakes, sont publiées en 2008.

Récompenses
Ann Leslie remporte neuf British Press Awards et deux Lifetime Achievement Awards. En 1999, elle reçoit le prix James Cameron du reportage international.

Elle est nommée à l'Ordre de l'Empire britannique le 30 décembre 2006, pour ses "services rendus au journalisme"..

En 2012, elle remporté le prix de la contribution exceptionnelle au journalisme lors de la huitième édition annuelle des International Media Awards à Londres le 5 mai 2012 .

Références

100 femmes de la BBC
Dame commandeur de l'ordre de l'Empire britannique
Journaliste anglais
Étudiant de Lady Margaret Hall (Oxford)
Naissance en janvier 1941
Naissance à Rawalpindi
Naissance dans la province du Pendjab
Décès en juin 2023
Décès à 82 ans

Ann Leslie


كنيسة سان سولبيس في باريس  هي كنيسة تقع في باريس ذكرت في رواية شيفرة دافنشي حيث يروى ان الحجر المفتاح مخبئ بداخلها.
بدأت الأشغال في هذه الكنيسة سنة 1646 وانتهت سنة 1870. تنتمي هذه الكنيسة إلى الكنيسة الرومانية الكاثوليكية وترجع بالنظر إلى أبرشية باريس. وتقع الكنيسة في الدائرة السادسة في باريس عاصمة فرنسا.

وصنفت هذه الكنيسة مؤخراً حسب القانون الفرنسي بأنها من ضمن (الصروح التاريخية ) وبذلك صارت حسب القانون الفرنسي بناية يجري الحفاظ عليها بصفتها شاهداً على فترة تاريخية مهمة.

بعد الثورة الفرنسية عام 1793 جرى اعتبار هذه الكنيسة كـ( معبد العقل) أو كما يقولون بالفرنسية ، حيث شاع في فرنسا وقتها نوع جديد من التدين الذي كان ربما يبغون جعله بديلاً للمسيحية.

وفي تلك الفترة بالذات قام الفيزياوي الفرنسي كلود شاب  بنصب تلغراف بصري في كل برج من أبراج هذه الكنيسة.

وتزوج في هذه الكنيسة عدد من المشاهير مثل فيكتور هوغو.

أعلام
 لويز إليزابيث من أورليانز
 لويز إليزابيث دي بوربون
 مونتسكيو

مراجع

انظر أيضاً
 المسيحية في فرنسا

الدائرة السادسة في باريس
تأسيسات سنة 1646 في فرنسا
كنائس رومانية كاثوليكية اكتملت في 1870
كنائس في فرنسا
مبان كنائس رومانية كاثوليكية في فرنسا القرن 19

كنيسة سان سولبيس


السّْلْهَام أو البْرْنُوص (بالأمازيغية: ⴰⵙⵍⵀⴰⵎ، و ينطق أَسْلْهَامْ أو ⴰⴱⵕⵏⵓⵚ وينطق أبْرْنُوصْ) هو لباس تقليدي أمازيغي مغربي يُشبه قليلا الجلابة المغربية. سماه الأندلسيون البرنص أو البرنوص واستعملوه في السفر. يُعد السلهام من الأزياء الأمازيغية القديمة في المغرب .

يُصنع السلهام من مواد مختلفة بما في ذلك القطن والحرير في حين يُصنع من صوفِ الأغنام أو جلدِ الماعز بالنسبة للذين يقطنون في جبال الأطلس وذلكَ بسببِ البردِ هناك. عادةً ما يتخذ السلهام لونًا أحمر بدرجاته والأسود الفاحم أو لونِ شعر الضأن والإبل.

يُعتبر السلهام في الحواضر والبوادي من علامات الجاه والرفعة حيثُ يكثر استخدامهُ من قِبل «حاكم القرية» أو القاضي أو حتى شيخ المسجد؛ فضلًا عن ارتدائه من قِبل «أناس عاديون» نظرًا لسهولة لبسهِ. في السياق ذاته؛ يُمكن ملاحظة ارتداء هذه النوعية من الملابس من طرفِ العريس في حفل زفافه أو حتّى في مناسبة عائلية أخرى.

يُعدّ السلهام باللون الأبيض مع جلابة مغربية بيضاء أيضًا أو بيضاء مُخطّطة بالأصفر هو لباس رسمي وفلكلوري للقصر الملكي وهو لباس رجال الدولة خلال الاحتفلات الملكية والأعياد الوطنيّة. وكانَ سلاطين المغرب الأمازيغ ورجال المخزن قد اشتهروا قديمًا بارتداءِ السلهام مع الجلباب.

المراجع

ملابس عربية

السلهام


جمال حسين فهد عمر العمر، من مواليد 1962، نائب سابق في مجلس الأمة الكويتي.

شارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1999 في الدائرة العاشرة، وحصل على المركز السابع برصيد 360 صوت وخسر الانتخابات ، وشارك في الانتخابات التكميلية في الدائرة العاشرة بعد وفاة سامي المنيس في عام 2000 وحصل على المركز الأول برصيد 873 صوت وفاز بالانتخابات ، وشارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2003 في الدائرة العاشرة، وحصل على المركز الأول برصيد 1845 صوت وفاز بالانتخابات ، وشارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2006 في الدائرة العاشرة، وحصل على المركز الثاني برصيد 4857 صوت وفاز بالانتخابات ، وشارك في انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2008 في الدائرة الثالثة، وحصل على المركز السادس عشر برصيد 4266 صوت وخسر الانتخابات.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2003
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2006
أعضاء مجلس الأمة الكويتي 2013
مواليد 1962

جمال العمر


Descabezado Grande, Şili'de Altos de Lircay Milli Parkı içinde 3.830 metre yüksekliğinde bir yanardağdır. Milli Park, Maule Bölgesi sınırları içinde bulunur.

Dağ, başkent Santiago'nun yaklaşık 240 km güneyinde ve Arjantin sınırının yaklaşık 30 km batısında bulunur. Kraterinin çapı 1000-1450 metredir. Son patlaması 1933 yılında gerçekleşmiştir.

Yakınlarında, 3.750 metre yüksekliğinde Descabezado Chico Yanardağı bulunmaktadır.

Dış bağlantılar
 Trekking Chile – Şili'de trekking ve dağcılık üzerine kapsamlı bilgiler, ilaveten forum

Andlar
Şili'deki stratovolkanlar
Maule bölgesi
Aktif yanardağlar
Üçbinlikler

Descabezado Grande Yanardağı


Carcano is the frequently used name for a series of Italian bolt-action, internal box magazine fed, repeating military rifles and carbines. Introduced in 1891, the rifle was chambered for the rimless 6.5×52mm Carcano round (Cartuccia Modello 1895). It was developed by the chief technician Salvatore Carcano at the Turin Army Arsenal in 1890, and was originally called the Modello (model) 91 or simply M91. Successively replacing the previous Vetterli-Vitali rifles and carbines in 10.35×47mmR, it was produced from 1891 to 1945. The M91 was used in both rifle (fucile) and shorter-barreled carbine (moschetto) form by most Italian troops during World War I and by Italian and some German forces during World War II. The rifle was also used during the Winter War by Finland, and again by regular and irregular forces in Syria, Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria during various postwar conflicts in those countries.

The Type I Carcano rifle was produced by Italy for the Japanese Empire prior to World War II. After the invasion of China, all Arisaka production was required for use of the Imperial Army, so the Imperial Navy contracted with Italy for this weapon in 1937. The Type I is based on the Type 38 rifle and retains the Carcano action, but uses the Arisaka/Mauser type 5-round internal box magazine. The Type I was used primarily by Japanese Imperial Naval Forces and was chambered for the Japanese 6.5×50mm Arisaka cartridge. Approximately 60,000 Type I rifles were produced by Italian arsenals for the Japanese military.

A Carcano M38 was used by Lee Harvey Oswald to assassinate United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas.

History
Although this rifle is often called "Mannlicher–Carcano", especially in American parlance, neither that designation nor the name "Mauser–Parravicino" is correct. Its official designation in Italian is simply Modello 1891, or M91 ("il novantuno"). The magazine system uses en bloc charger clips which were originally developed and patented by Ferdinand Mannlicher, but the actual shape and design of the Carcano clip is derived from the German Model 1888 Commission Rifle.

Until 1938, all M91 rifles and carbines were chambered for the rimless 6.5×52mm Modello 1895 cartridge, using a round-nose metal case bullet of 160 grains weight at approximately 2,000–2,400 ft/s muzzle velocity, depending upon barrel length. At least one small arms authority noted inconsistencies in powder types in arsenal-loaded 6.5×52mm military ammunition, often with different powder types and ammunition lots intermixed within a single clip of ammunition. The practice of intermixing powder types and ammunition lots in clipped rifle ammunition was generally avoided by arsenals of other nations, as it frequently resulted in varying bullet velocities and excessive bullet dispersion on the target.

After reports of inadequate performance at both short and long ranges during the campaigns in Italian North Africa (1924–1934), and the Second Italo-Abyssinian War (1935-1936), the Italian army introduced a new short rifle in 1938, the Modello 1938, together with a new cartridge in 7.35×51mm caliber. In addition to the slightly larger caliber, Italian ordnance designers introduced a spitzer-type bullet for the new cartridge, with the tip filled with aluminum to produce an unstable (tumbling) projectile upon impact in soft tissue (a design most likely copied from the .303 British Mk VII bullet).

However, the Italian government was unable to successfully mass-produce the new arms in adequate quantities before the onset of war, and in 1940, all rifle and ammunition production reverted to 6.5 mm, but no 7.35 mm Mod. 38 rifles nor carbines were ever re-barrelled to the old 6.5×52mm caliber. Some Italian troops serving on the Russian front were armed with 7.35 mm Mod. 1938 rifles, but exchanged them in 1942 for 6.5×52 mm arms.

Approximately 94,500 7.35mm Modello 1938 rifles were shipped to Finland, where they were known as Terni carbines (from the Terni stamp with the royal crown, the logo or seal of the Regia fabbrica d'armi di Terni arsenal where they were manufactured). They were primarily used by security and line-of-communications troops during the Winter War of 1939–1940, though some frontline troops were issued the weapon. According to reports, the Finns disliked the rifle. With its non-standard 7.35 mm caliber, it was problematic to keep frontline troops supplied with good quality, or any ammunition at all, and its non-adjustable rear sight (fixed for 200 m) made it ill-suited for use in precision shooting at the varied ranges encountered by Finnish soldiers during the conflict. Despite this, it's worth noticing that the Finns themselves modified the fixed optics on the rifle to operate from a range of 200 m to only 150 m. Whenever possible, Finnish soldiers discarded the weapon in favor of rifles acquired on the battlefield, including standard models of captured Soviet-made Mosin–Nagant rifles. The latter had the advantage of using commonly available 7.62×54mmR ammunition. By the outbreak of the Continuation War, the remaining Mod. 1938 7.35 mm rifles were issued to the Finnish Navy, as well as anti-aircraft, coastal defense, and other second-line (home front) troops.

In 1941, the Italian military returned to a long-barrelled infantry rifle once again (slightly shorter than the original M91), the Carcano M91/41. True sniper versions never existed, but in World War I a few rifles were fitted with telescopic lenses and issued for service use (World War II scoped rifles were strictly prototypes).

Several lots of Moschetti M91/38 TS (special troops' carbines) were chambered for the German 8×57mm Mauser sS heavy ball round. This modification entered service in 1943, just before the Italian capitulation. Two small batches of Moschetti M91/38 TS carbines shows barrels marked 1938 and 1941, but they were not used at these times with any Italian forces, and their peculiar serial numbering suggests that these might just be rebored unused surplus barrels that were converted with other ones after 1945. Many 7.92 mm Carcano carbines were apparently exported to Egypt after World War II, where they served as drill and training carbines. Several also bear Israeli armed forces markings. The occasionally used model moniker "Model 1943 (M43)" for these converted 7.92mm rifles is wrong, as they were never so designated by the Italian military.

German forces captured large quantities of Carcanos after Italy's capitulation in September 1943. It was the most commonly issued rifle to the German Volkssturm ("People's Militia") units in late 1944 and 1945.

After World War II, Italy replaced its Carcano rifles first with British Lee–Enfields and then with the U.S. .30 caliber (7.62 mm) M1 Garand semi-automatic rifle, which the Italians labeled the 'Model 1952 (M52). Finland sold all of its approximately 74,000 remaining 7.35 mm M91/38 Carcano rifles on the surplus market. As a consequence, large quantities of surplus Carcanos were sold in the United States and Canada beginning in the 1950s. In Italy, the Polizia di Stato and the Carabinieri retained the Moschetto 38 TS, retiring it from service in 1981. Captured 6.5mm Carcano rifles were used by Greek forces post-war, with ammunition supplied by U.S. Western Cartridge Co. Some were also converted to 6.5×54mm Mannlicher–Schönauer, one of the standard cartridges of the Greek military at the time.

During the Libyan Civil War in 2011, many rebels went into battle with their personally-owned weapons, including old bolt-action rifles and shotguns. Of these, Carcano-style rifles and carbines have been the most frequently observed style of bolt-action rifle. They were predominantly used by rebels in the Nafusa Mountains. These old weapons saw combat once again due to the rebels' limited access to modern firearms. Additionally, some Libyan rebels preferred to use their familiar hunting weapons over the more modern, yet unfamiliar, assault rifles available. According to Al-Fitouri Muftah, a member of the rebel military council overseeing the western mountain front, as many as 1 in 10 rebels in the region were armed with World War II-era weapons.

Variants
All variants used the same Carcano bolt action, fed by an en-bloc clip; the rifles and carbines had different barrel lengths and differences in stocks and sights depending on barrel length. As noted in the introduction, the word moschetto means literally "musket" but was used generally by Italian arms makers as a descriptor of Italian 20th century rifles, often shorter-barrelled rifles in the carbine style meant for other than regular infantry uses. Regular length infantry rifles are named as fucile models.

Fucile Modello 1891 (Rifle Model 1891), 6,5×52 mm with detachable knife bayonet,  barrel, these were adopted on 29 March 1892 as per Ministerial Act No. 57.
 Moschetto Modello 1891 (Musketoon Model 1891) 6,5×52mm with integral folding bayonet,  barrel, these were adopted on 9 June 1893 and under Act No. 116 dated of 15 July 1893 is when the nomenclature became official. These have been referenced as 'for Cavalry' (per Cavalleria) carbines in both English and Italian lingo however, it is incorrect and no such name has ever been used that called them as such. These were initially made to be issued to Cavalry Troops but were however issued to other troops as well such as the Carabinieri Reali, Bersaglieri Ciclisti, and later to the Paratroopers and the MVSN Troops. Initially these models did not have handguards on them but were added to them as per Circular No.400 dated June 30, 1916. They modified or manufactured new made nose caps for these with a little tab on the top of them to fit the handguard into. As part of this modification process they also had to modify the rear sight assembly on the back where the handguard fit into it. These were made from 1893 well up to 1944, the easiest way to say these are such models is they all have the adjustable rear sight, no matter by which manufacturer made them or what year they were manufactured,
Moschetto per Truppe Speciali Modello 1891 (Musketoon for Special Troops Model 1891), 6,5×52 mm with side mounted type (transverse) bayonet,  barrel, on 6 January 1900 under Act No.6 these firearms were officially called as such models even though production of these  were started in 1898. These were issued to machine gun, mortar and motorcycle crews. These had slings swivels on the bottom of the buttstock and on the nose cap. There two types of handguards and nose caps used on the models, the first was the type where the handguard was not retained by a little tab on the nose cap on the top of them but it was found that these could come off so as per Circular No.124 dated February 25, 1916, they decided to add the little tab to keep them in place.
Moschetto Modello 1891 / 1924 (Musketoon Model 1891 / 1924), 6,5×52 mm,  barrel, In 1925 they started conversion of the Fuclie Modello 1891 to be shortened as per Circular No. 59 dated January 29, 1925, which specifically says the nomenclature of this firearm shall be 'moschetto mod. 91/24'. The easiest way to tell this model is that it has the longer adjustable rear sight of the rifle on it, these did not have the smaller shorter adjustable rear sights.
Moschetto per Truppe Speciali Modello 1891 Modificato (Musketoon for Special Troops Model 1891 Modified), 6,5×52 mm,  barrel, There were several changes in different years of these in the sling configurations and bayonet mount on the nose cap. They either kept the original sling configuration, got rid of the one the buttstock and filled it in with wood and the one on the nose cap was also removed. They added a sling bar to the left side on the buttstock and on the left side of the stock. They also later decided to use both type of sling configurations on them. The nose caps for these were configured to use the standard 1891 rifle bayonet instead of the side mounted type and in some cases the original nose cap was replaced with the type used on the 1891 / 1924 and using a barrel band they utilized. These have been called as 91/28 models, in no such way, shape or form were these ever called as 91/28's, there was a Moschetto Modello 1891 / 1928 model but it was specifically used as the nomenclature of the rifle that was designed to use the Tromblonico grenade launcher. They specifically in the different circulars they wrote on the modification of these firearms, use the word modificato or T.S. modificato, nowhere are they referred to as 91/28's.
 Moschetto per Truppe Speciali con Tromboncino (con Tromboncino, with grenade launcher) Mod. 91/28 (modified 91/28 coupled with a 38.5 mm grenade launcher)  barrel.
 Fucile di Fanteria Mod. 1938 ("infantry rifle" Model 1938, adopted in 1938 in 7.35×51mm caliber, fixed sights,  detachable folding knife bayonet)  barrel.

 Moschettos (carbines) Mod. 1938 (folding bayonet) and Mod. 1938 TS (detachable bayonet) carbine versions of Model 1938 short rifle in 7.35×51mm, later reverted to 6.5x52mm,  barrel.
 Fucile di Fanteria Mod. 91/38 (Model 1938 "infantry rifle" chambered in 6.5×52mm caliber since 1940). The barrel is the  barrel of the earlier 7.35 mm caliber, but now changed to 6.5 mm. Unlike the slightly shorter and lighter TS Moschetto, it also has both sling swivels on the left side of the stock, not visible from the right side of the rifle, identifying it as a Fucile di Fanteria type. This is the model (stamped "1940" to show manufacture date) owned by Lee Harvey Oswald and determined to be the John F. Kennedy assassination rifle. From 1940, the Moschetto Mod. 1938 and Mod. 1938 TS were also made in 6.5×52mm.
 Fucile di Fanteria Mod. 91/41 (6.5×52mm "infantry rifle" adopted in 1941, adjustable sights),  barrel.
 Type I Rifle (6.5×50mm infantry rifle, produced as export for the Imperial Japanese Navy, and had adjustable sights)

Users

: Captured during World War I, about 49,500 were converted to use the available 6.5×54mm Mannlicher–Schönauer cartridges.

: captured from the Italian forces in 1896 or acquired after World War I. Still in use with irregular forces in the 1950s.

, used during Indonesian National Revolution , limited use due to scarcity of ammunition.

: Purchased the Type I Rifle on contract.

 : People's Movement for the Liberation of Azawad

 : The British sent captured Carcanos to the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army

: Approximately 100,000 purchased during the 1920s, prior to the Northern Expedition. At least 15,000 were captured by the Japanese in Fujian. These would then be sold to the Nanjing Army.

: In 1921 the Kingdom had about 11,000 Italian M91 rifles in stock. In the start of the 1920s it was proposed these be exchanged for Mauser rifles with the Kingdom of Italy. The proposition was declined in 1922 and these rifles remained in Yugoslav hands until 1941. The Yugoslav Partisans also used captured M91 and M91/38 rifles and carbines.

: M91 carbines used after the 1946 Syrian independence
 : M91 rifles used by the Neo Destour
 : Purchased M38 rifles manufactured post-WWII and chambered for 8mm Mauser.

Kennedy assassination rifle

In March 1963, Lee Harvey Oswald purchased a "6.5 [mm] Italian carbine", later improperly called a Mannlicher–Carcano (although it uses a Mannlicher-style en bloc clip system), through mail order, for $19.95 ($183.90 in 2022 dollars). The advertisement only specified a "6.5 Italian Carbine" and actually shows a Carcano model M91 TS, which was the  Carcano carbine model sold through the ad when it was originally placed. However, from a time 11 months before Oswald placed his order, the Chicago sporting goods store from which he purchased it had been shipping the slightly longer  Model 91/38 under the same ad, and this is the weapon Oswald received.

On 22 November 1963, Oswald used this weapon to assassinate U.S. President John F. Kennedy. The rifle, made in the Terni arsenal in 1940 and bearing the serial number C2766, was equipped for an extra $7 with a new 4x18 Japanese telescopic sight, on a sheet metal side mount. It was later scrutinized by local police, the FBI, the U. S. Army and two federal commissions. Shooting tests, conducted by those groups and others using the original rifle or similar models, addressed questions about the speed and accuracy with which the Carcano could be fired. Following lawsuits over its ownership, the rifle ended up in storage at the National Archives. The assassination was one of the factors leading to passage of the Gun Control Act of 1968, which banned mail order sales of firearms.

See also
List of common World War II infantry weapons

Notes

External links

Carcano Model Identification
Modern Firearms
Italian page on Carcanos
Carcano M38 cal.7.35x51mm shooting (video); close-up (video)

8 mm firearms
Bolt-action rifles of Italy
Assassination of John F. Kennedy
World War I Italian infantry weapons
World War II infantry weapons of Italy
Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1891
World War II rifles

Carcano


John Walter Jones (April 14, 1878 – March 31, 1954) was a politician and farmer in Prince Edward Island, Canada. An agronomist, he was instrumental in introducing the potato crop to the island, which was to become a staple of the economy. In 1935, he received the King George V medal as the best farmer in the province.

Born in Pownal, he first ran for public office in the 1921 federal election as a Farmer-Progressive candidate, but failed to win a seat in the House of Commons of Canada.

He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island as a Liberal in 1935. In 1943, he became the 20th premier of the province when Thane A. Campbell was appointed Chief Justice of the PEI Supreme Court.

The government of "Farmer Jones" repealed strict prohibition, and created the PEI Liquor Control Commission to regulate the sale of liquor. He had to proceed by order-in-council because the lieutenant governor, as a prohibitionist, refused to give Royal Assent to the necessary legislation. In 1947, his government broke a strike at Canada Packers, a meat-packing plant, by seizing the plant, employing strike-breakers and outlawing trade union affiliation with national or international unions in the name of "protect(ing) the farm interest".

He left provincial politics in 1953 to accept an appointment to the Senate of Canada.

External links

1878 births
1954 deaths
Canadian Baptists
Canadian senators from Prince Edward Island
Liberal Party of Canada senators
Premiers of Prince Edward Island
People from Queens County, Prince Edward Island
Prince Edward Island Liberal Party MLAs
Prince Edward Island Liberal Party leaders
Progressive Party of Canada candidates in the 1921 Canadian federal election

John Walter Jones


Le chiffre 3 est un chiffre important dans de nombreuses mythologies, comme la mythologie égyptienne ou encore la mythologie grecque, mais sa symbolique est tout autant présente dans la mythologie celtique. Cela est le cas depuis des millénaires et est appuyé par de nombreuses représentations de ce chiffre dans les croyances celtes.

Les représentations physiques du chiffre 3

Le triskèle

Le triskèle est un signe que l'on croise souvent lorsque l'on s'intéresse à la mythologie celte, en effet, ce symbole représentant trois branches incurvées partant d'un point central nous suggère avant tout une idée d'harmonie et de perpétualité mais des recherches plus poussées ont permis d'autres théories d'être mises en avant.

On retient notamment l'idée très présente chez les Celtes de l'harmonie entre les trois royaumes; la terre, la mer et le ciel, le triskèle serait donc une représentation  de la nature comme une compilation de ces trois royaumes ou bien comme une compilation des mondes animal, végétal et minéral.

La croix celtique

La croix celtique est, elle aussi, omniprésente dans la culture celte. Elle se compose d'un cercle qui s'inscrit sur une croix, c'est un symbole du christianisme celtique, elle fusionne donc la pensée chrétienne, avec la croix, et la pensée celte, avec le cercle.

En effet, ce dernier est un symbole important dans la symbolique celtique car les différents niveaux de l'univers y sont représentés par des cercles; le chaos /la Source (Keugant), le monde terrestre / expérience humaine (Abred), la lumière / le cercle final (Gwenwed).

Les dolmens

Les dolmens sont des édifices préhistoriques repris par les celtes, les dolmens celtes sont identifiables par leur utilisation du chiffre 3, en effet, force a été de constater que le peuple celtique plaçait les dolmens sur trois pierres et non deux comme il était aurait été simple de faire.

Le chiffre 3 a notamment un lien avec les divinités ce qui permet d'expliquer une telle utilisation des pierres; il fait référence aux divinités celtes à trois têtes.

Les représentations du chiffre 3 dans la société celte

La découpe du temps
Chez les celtes, le temps est lui aussi découpé en trois parties; le passé, le présent et le futur. Bien qu'à notre époque, cela nous semble évident, ce n'était pas le cas des sociétés contemporaines des celtes. C'est une vision du temps qui a été étroitement liée au triskèle par les différentes découvertes archéologiques liées aux sociétés celtes.

Les divinités
Ce schéma triple se retrouve aussi dans le domaine du divin celte; les fonctions des dieux sont découpées en trois; une fonction sacrée, une guerrière et une productive. Toujours dans le même domaine, on associe le triskèle à trois divinités; Lug (divinité universelle, artisan du monde), Ogme (divinité guerrière) et Dagda (divinité druidique).

Ce chiffre trois se retrouve à nouveau dans la totalité de la mythologie celte avec l'apparition régulière de trois frères qui peuvent aller jusqu'à avoir le même nom comme. On peut citer, comme exemple de ce schéma trifonctionnel, les fils de la déesse Danu; Iuchar, Iucharba et Brian.

Le fonctionnement sociétaire
Dans la société celte, on retrouve, ici encore, un fonctionnement basé sur le chiffre 3; les classes sociales suivent trois catégories différentes: les druides, les guerriers et les travailleurs.

Dans l'idéologie et le fonctionnement quotidien des celtes, le chiffre 3 représente aussi les bases de leurs vies: les dieux, la société et la nature.

Notes et références

Numérologie

Symbolique du chiffre 3 dans la mythologie celte


FourFourTwo, dünyanın birçok ülkesinde satılan futbol dergisidir. Adını 4-4-2 taktiğinden alan ve  aylık çıkarılan derginin Türkiye yayını 2006 yılının Nisan ayında başlamıştır. FourFourTwo Türkiye, her ay farklı röportajlar, konular ve eklerle Türkiye'deki futbolseverlerin beğenisine sunulan bir e-dergidir.

Futbol dergileri
Birleşik Krallık spor dergileri
Türkiye dergileri
Türkçe dergiler
Aylık dergiler

FourFourTwo


Sancak may refer to:

 Sanjak, an administrative unit of the Ottoman Empire
 Sandžak, a historical region in Serbia and Montenegro

People
 Nurşah Sancak (born 1997), Turkish female handball player
 Sancak Kaplan (born 1982), Turkish footballer
 Yasin Sancak (born 1978), Turkish volleyball player

Turkish-language surnames
Turkish masculine given names
Masculine given names

Sancak


Verónica Suárez es una escritora de telenovelas mexicanas. Solía formar dupla con el productor Emilio Larrosa, quien le solicitaba desarrollar por completo el libreto de la idea original que se le ocurría, además por algún tiempo desarrollaba los libretos en conjunto con Alejandro Pohlenz, la mayoría de los libretos eran para audiencia popular. Ha realizado su carrera en la televisión mexicana para Televisa, TV Azteca y en Estados Unidos para Univisión y Venevisión.

Trayectoria

Historias originales
 El Talismán (2012)
 Mi vida eres tú (2006)
 Olvidarte jamás (2005)
 Soñar no cuesta nada (2004-2005)
 Súbete a mi moto (2002-2003)
 Como en el cine (2001-2002)
 Ellas, inocentes o culpables (2000)
 Catalina y Sebastián (1999) (como Ranferi Negrete) (no acreditada)
 Tú y yo (1996-1997) (con Alejandro Pohlenz) Idea original de Emilio Larrosa
 El premio mayor (1995-1996) (con Alejandro Pohlenz) Idea original de Emilio Larrosa
 Volver a empezar (1994-1995) (con Alejandro Pohlenz) Idea original de Emilio Larrosa
 Dos mujeres, un camino (1993-1994) (con Alejandro Pohlenz) Idea original de Emilio Larrosa
 Mágica juventud (1992-1993) (con Alejandro Pohlenz) Idea original de Emilio Larrosa
 Muchachitas (1991-1992) (con Alejandro Pohlenz) Idea original de Emilio Larrosa

Adaptaciones
 Segunda parte de Corazón en condominio (2013) Original de Ana María Fernández, Carlos Fernández de Soto y Andrea Soto
 Segunda parte de Golpe bajo (2000) Original de Victoria Zarattini, Bernardo Romero Pereiro y Jimena Romero
 Los hijos de nadie (1997) Original de Miguel Sabido

Remakes reescritos por ella misma
 Pecadora (2009-2010) (nueva versión de Como en el cine)
 Contrato de amor (2008-2009) (nueva versión de Catalina y Sebastián)
 Amor comprado (2008) (nueva versión de Catalina y Sebastián)
 Primera parte de Muchachitas como tú (2007) (nueva versión de Muchachitas)

Remakes reescritos por otros
 UEPA! Un escenario para amar (2015) (nueva versión de Como en el cine) por Alejandra Urdiaín.
 Iubire ca în filme (2007) (nueva versión de Como en el cine) por Ruxandra Ion.

Ediciones literarias
 Primera parte de Emperatriz (2011) (escrita por Héctor Forero y Mauricio Somuano)
 Al filo de la muerte (1991) (escrita por Fernanda Villeli y Marcia Yance)

Premios y nominaciones

Premios TVyNovelas 1996

Enlaces externos

Escritoras de México del siglo XXI
Autores de telenovelas de México

Verónica Suárez


منطقة جبلة منطقة سورية إدارية تتبع محافظة اللاذقية  ومركزها مدينة جبلة، بلغ تعداد سكان المنطقة  196,171 نسمة حسب التعداد السكاني لعام 2004.

نواحي منطقة جبلة
ناحية مركز جبلة
ناحية بيت ياشوط
ناحية الدالية
ناحية عين شقاق
ناحية عين الشرقية
ناحية القطيلبية
غنيري
القلايع
سيانو

أعلام
 علي حيدر
 محمد حسن شعبان

المراجع

منطقة جبلة
جبلة

منطقة جبلة


Biseksualni šik je fraza koja se koristi za opisivanje javnog priznavanja biseksualnosti ili povećanog javnog interesa ili prihvaćanja biseksualnosti. Druga upotreba opisuje pomodnu pažnju prema biseksualnosti. Biseksualni šik često se povezuje sa slavnim osobama koje javno otkrivaju svoju biseksualnost.

Podrijetlo pojma
U Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, 1920-e godine bile su vrijeme društvenih eksperimentiranja, posebno sa seksom. Na to su jako utjecali spisi Sigmunda Freuda, koji je teoretizirao da će se ljudi ponašati na bilo koji način da zadovolje seksualnu želju. Uz dobro objavljenu sliku da su seksualni činovi dio lezbijki i veza, seksualno eksperimentiranje bilo je široko rasprostranjeno. Veliki gradovi koji su pružali noćni život bili su neizmjerno popularni, a žene su počele tražiti seksualne avanture. Biseksualnost je postala šik, posebno u prvim američkim gej kvartovima.

Sama fraza postala je široko upotrijebljena sedamdesetih godina prošlog stoljeća, na valu hippie pokreta, koji je veličao slobodnu ljubav. Tijekom glam rocka i disko ere, na klupskoj sceni i među glazbenicima kao što su Elton John, David Bowie i Patti Smith, generirana je fascinacija biseksualnošću; zapravo je 1980. godine časopis Time Bowiejevu ličnost Ziggyja Stardust nazivao "narančastokosim osnivačem biseksualnog šika". Istodobno su se biseksualne skupine formirale u nekoliko velikih američkih gradova, najavljujući rođenje modernih biseksualnih pokreta za građanska prava i oslobođenje.

Izraz se može koristiti da implicira da se netko samo pretvara da je biseksualan jer je to trenutno moderno. Kao alternativu, može se tvrditi da je netko oslobođen tabua, eksperimentalan, u dodiru s muškim i ženskim aspektima sebe, te stoga potencijalno bolji ljubavnik ili čak bolja osoba.

Pojava
Iako se terminologija pripisuje 1970-ima, biseksualni se trend dogodio u 1920-ima. U Vice Versa: Biseksualnost i erotika svakodnevnog života, Marjorie Garber tvrdi da su dvadesete bile povezane s popularizacijom Freuda (ili "frojdizma"), nastupom Prvog svjetskog rata i općenitom sklonošću odvažnim i nekonvencionalnim: napuhana kosa, kratke suknje, odbijanje prohibicije i viktorijanske strikture." Primjeri toga uključuju dragg balls i uspjeh umjetnika poput Ernesta Hemingwaya, DH Lawrencea, Virginije Woolf i Marlene Dietrich. Gledajući unatrag iz 70-ih, spisateljica Elaine Showalter optužila je Woolfa i Bloomsbury Group za biseksualni šik kada je upozorila Woolfa i njezine prijatelje da se prepuštaju "modi biseksualnosti".

Od 1970-ih nadalje
Nakon soja društvenih pokreta usredotočenih na LGBT prava poput Stonewallovih nereda 1969. godine, od 1970-ih nadalje, svijest o biseksualnosti bila je u porastu, a nesukladno seksualno ponašanje promatralo se kao čin društvenog prkosa. 1972. u hit glazbenom filmu Cabaret prikazan je ljubavni trokut s muškarcem i ženom koji se bore za istog (muškog) ljubavnika. Autor koji ga je nadahnuo, Christopher Isherwood, bio je među prvim otvoreno homoseksualnim slavnim osobama. Ostale istaknute kulturne predstave iz 1970-ih uključuju The Rocky Horror Picture Show i Sunday Bloody Sunday (film). U 90-ima, pod utjecajem suvremene hipsterske subkulture, koja simbolizira otpor protiv uobičajenog načina života i potiče nekonvencionalnosti, sve je više ljudi počelo nagađati o vlastitom identitetu, kao i o seksualnosti.

Fenomen biseksualnog šika također se može pripisati sve većem broju poznatih osoba koje otkrivaju svoj biseksualni identitet. Primjerice, 1995. godine glavni vokal punk rock sastava Green Day Billie Joe Armstrong u intervjuu za The Advocate izašao je kao biseksualac. U medijima su Madonnini glazbeni spotovi za "Justify My Love" i "Erotica" te njezina knjiga "Sex" sadržavali istospolnu erotiku. Otvoreno biseksualna komičarka Sandra Bernhard predstavljena je kao biseksualka u popularnom televizijskom sitcomu Roseanne usred trenda. Da bi ilustrirala trend, Roseanne se kasnije našla poljubljena od druge žene, a Bernhardov ju je lik utješio, donoseći biseksualnost u Srednju Ameriku. (Vidi također: Epizode poljubaca o lezbijkama) Film Basic Instinct iz 1992. godine predstavio je glamuroznu biseksualnu ubojicu koju je glumila Sharon Stone. Mainstream pjevačica Janet Jackson snimila je naslovnu verziju Roda Stewarta "Tonight's the Night (Gonna Be Alright)" u kojoj pjeva ženi s kojom se planira uključiti u ménage à trois, rekavši: "Ovo je upravo između ja ... i ti ... i ti ... ".

U 21. stoljeću, biseksualnost (ili njezine manifestacije) aludirana je u filmovima Kissing Jessica Stein, Y tu mamá también, Mulholland Drive, Alexander, Kinsey i Brokeback Mountain, u televizijskoj seriji The OC u SAD-u i Torchwood u UK i u spotovima Lady Gage za "LoveGame" i "Telephone". Na dodjeli MTV Video Music Awards 2003. godine, Madonna je poljubila Britney Spears, a zatim Christinu Aguileru; mnoge vijesti i tabloidni izvori nazivali su je "lezbijskim šikom". Hit pjesme "Poljubila sam djevojku" iz 2008. Katy Perry imala je dvoznačne tekstove. Prema istraživanjima CDC-a u SAD-u, veći broj studentica i srednjoškolaca u Americi eksperimentira s drugim ženama nego ikad prije i, iznenađujućim preokretom, zapravo izvještava da ih je na to prvi put potaknula pop kultura vrijeme.

Kritika
Unatoč vidljivosti i prihvaćanju biseksualnosti koje donose učinci biseksualnog šika, ovaj je fenomen kritiziran zbog svog "trendovskog" svojstva, a ne kao istinski čin zagovaranja biseksualne jednakosti. Ideja da je biseksualnost šik također je štetna za biseksualno kretanje jer "umjetna biseksualnost" daje loše zasluge biseksualnim osobama da je njihova seksualnost samo oblik umjetnosti, a ne stvarna seksualna orijentacija.

Također dovodi u zabludu ljude koji su bi-znatiželjni, što podrazumijeva propitivanje njihove privlačnosti prema oba spola i koji bi na kraju mogli biti monoseksualni, da bi se identificirali s biseksualnošću.

Poveznice

 Bifobija
 Biseksualno brisanje
 Lezbijka do mature
 Seksualni identitet
 Seksualna orijentacija

Izvori

Literatura

 Beemyn, Brett and Erich Steinman. Bisexual Men in Culture and Society (Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 2001).
 "The New Bisexuals."  Time, May 13, 1974.
 Geoffrey K. Pullum, "Bixexual chic: the facts", September 6, 2004 (Language Log)
 Reichert, Tom, Kevin R. Maly & Susan C. Zavoina.  "Designed for (Male) Pleasure: The Myth of Lesbian Chic in Mainstream Advertising." Meta Carstarphen and Susan C. Zavoina (eds.), Sexual Rhetoric: Media Perspectives on Sexuality, Gender, and Identity (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1999).
 Risman, Barbara and Pepper Schwartz. "After the Sexual Revolution: Gender Politics in Teen Dating," Contexts (Berkeley: U California Press, 2002).

LGBT

Biseksualni šik


Prosopagnosia (from Greek prósōpon, meaning "face", and  agnōsía, meaning "non-knowledge"), also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one's own face (self-recognition), is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing (e.g., object discrimination) and intellectual functioning (e.g., decision-making) remain intact. The term originally referred to a condition following acute brain damage (acquired prosopagnosia), but a congenital or developmental form of the disorder also exists, with a prevalence of 2.5%. The brain area usually associated with prosopagnosia is the fusiform gyrus, which activates specifically in response to faces. The functionality of the fusiform gyrus allows most people to recognize faces in more detail than they do similarly complex inanimate objects. For those with prosopagnosia, the method for recognizing faces depends on the less sensitive object-recognition system. The right hemisphere fusiform gyrus is more often involved in familiar face recognition than the left. It remains unclear whether the fusiform gyrus is specific for the recognition of human faces or if it is also involved in highly trained visual stimuli.

Acquired prosopagnosia results from occipito-temporal lobe damage and is most often found in adults. It is subdivided into apperceptive and associative prosopagnosia. In congenital prosopagnosia, the individual never adequately develops the ability to recognize faces.

Though there have been several attempts at remediation, no therapies have demonstrated lasting improvements across a group of prosopagnosics. Prosopagnosics often learn to use "piecemeal" or "feature-by-feature" recognition strategies. This may involve secondary clues such as clothing, gait, hair color, skin color, body shape, and voice. Because the face seems to function as an important identifying feature in memory, it can also be difficult for people with this condition to keep track of information about people, and socialize normally with others. Prosopagnosia has also been associated with other disorders that are associated with nearby brain areas: left hemianopsia (loss of vision from left side of space, associated with damage to the right occipital lobe), achromatopsia (a deficit in color perception often associated with unilateral or bilateral lesions in the temporo-occipital junction) and topographical disorientation (a loss of environmental familiarity and difficulties in using landmarks, associated with lesions in the posterior part of the parahippocampal gyrus and anterior part of the lingual gyrus of the right hemisphere).

The opposite of prosopagnosia is the skill of superior face recognition ability.  People with this ability are called "super recognizers".

In one study of students of east-Asian race, males were found to have a significantly higher rate of prosopagnosia.

Types

Apperceptive
Apperceptive prosopagnosia has typically been used to describe cases of acquired prosopagnosia with some of the earliest processes in the face perception system. The brain areas thought to play a critical role in apperceptive prosopagnosia are right occipital temporal regions.  People with this disorder cannot make any sense of faces and are unable to make same–different judgments when they are presented with pictures of different faces. They are unable to recognize both familiar and unfamiliar faces. In addition, apperceptive sub-types of prosopagnosia struggle recognizing facial emotion. However, they may be able to recognize people based on non-face clues such as their clothing, hairstyle, skin color, or voice. Apperceptive prosopagnosia is believed to be associated with impaired fusiform gyrus. Experiments on the formation of new face detectors in adults on face-like stimuli (learning to distinguish the faces of cats) indicate that such new detectors are formed not in the fusiform, but in the lingual gyrus.

Associative
Associative prosopagnosia has typically been used to describe cases of acquired prosopagnosia with spared perceptual processes but impaired links between early face perception processes and the semantic information humans hold about people in our memories. Right anterior temporal regions may also play a critical role in associative prosopagnosia. People with this form of the disorder may be able to tell whether photos of people's faces are the same or different and derive the age and sex from a face (suggesting they can make sense of some face information) but may not be able to subsequently identify the person or provide any information about them such as their name, occupation, or when they were last encountered. Associative prosopagnosia is thought to be due to impaired functioning of the parahippocampal gyrus.

Developmental
Developmental prosopagnosia (DP), also called congenital prosopagnosia (CP), is a face-recognition deficit that is lifelong, manifesting in early childhood, and that cannot be attributed to acquired brain damage. While developmental prosopagnosia begins early in life, many people do not realize that they have DP until later in their adult lives. A number of studies have found functional deficits in DP both on the basis of EEG measures and fMRI. It has been suggested that a genetic factor is responsible for the condition. The term "hereditary prosopagnosia" was introduced if DP affected more than one family member, essentially accenting the possible genetic contribution of this condition. To examine this possible genetic factor, 689 randomly selected students were administered a survey in which seventeen developmental prosopagnosics were quantifiably identified. Family members of fourteen of the DP individuals were interviewed to determine prosopagnosia-like characteristics, and in all fourteen families, at least one other affected family member was found.

In 2005, a study led by Ingo Kennerknecht showed support for the proposed congenital disorder form of prosopagnosia. This study provides epidemiological evidence that congenital prosopagnosia is a frequently occurring cognitive disorder that often runs in families. The analysis of pedigree trees formed within the study also indicates that the segregation pattern of hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA) is fully compatible with autosomal dominant inheritance. This mode of inheritance explains why HPA is so common among certain families (Kennerknecht et al. 2006).

Cause
Prosopagnosia can be caused by lesions in various parts of the inferior occipital areas (occipital face area), fusiform gyrus (fusiform face area), and the anterior temporal cortex. Positron emission tomography (PET) and fMRI scans have shown that, in individuals without prosopagnosia, these areas are activated specifically in response to face stimuli. The inferior occipital areas are mainly involved in the early stages of face perception and the anterior temporal structures integrate specific information about the face, voice, and name of a familiar person.

Acquired prosopagnosia can develop as the result of several neurologically damaging causes. Vascular causes of prosopagnosia include posterior cerebral artery infarcts (PCAIs) and hemorrhages in the infero-medial part of the temporo-occipital area. These can be either bilateral or unilateral, but if they are unilateral, they are almost always in the right hemisphere. Recent studies have confirmed that right hemisphere damage to the specific temporo-occipital areas mentioned above is sufficient to induce prosopagnosia. MRI scans of patients with prosopagnosia showed lesions isolated to the right hemisphere, while fMRI scans showed that the left hemisphere was functioning normally. Unilateral left temporo-occipital lesions result in object agnosia, but spare face recognition processes, although a few cases have been documented where left unilateral damage resulted in prosopagnosia. It has been suggested that these face recognition impairments caused by left hemisphere damage are due to a semantic defect blocking retrieval processes that are involved in obtaining person-specific semantic information from the visual modality.

Other less common etiologies include carbon monoxide poisoning, temporal lobectomy, encephalitis, neoplasm, right temporal lobe atrophy, injury, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

Diagnosis
There are few neuropsychological assessments that can definitively diagnose prosopagnosia. One commonly used test is the famous faces tests, where individuals are asked to recognize the faces of famous persons. However, this test is difficult to standardize. The Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT) is another test used by neuropsychologists to assess face recognition skills. Individuals are presented with a target face above six test faces and are asked to identify which test face matches the target face. The images are cropped to eliminate hair and clothes, as many people with prosopagnosia use hair and clothing cues to recognize faces. Both male and female faces are used during the test. For the first six items only one test face matches the target face; during the next seven items, three of the test faces match the target faces and the poses are different. The reliability of the BFRT was questioned when a study conducted by Duchaine and Nakayama showed that the average score for 11 self-reported prosopagnosics was within the normal range.  One reason for this may be the way the test is designed. People with developmental prosopagnosia often use piecemeal strategies, which this test encourages by providing the target face to compare with possible matching faces. As the test increases in difficulty more and more facial features become obscured due to position and lighting, leading normal control subjects to rely on the exact same strategy of looking for individual features to match with the target face.

The test may be useful for identifying patients with apperceptive prosopagnosia, since this is mainly a matching test and they are unable to recognize both familiar and unfamiliar faces. They would be unable to pass the test. It would not be useful in diagnosing patients with associative prosopagnosia since they are able to match faces.

The Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) was developed by Duchaine and Nakayama to better diagnose people with prosopagnosia. This test initially presents individuals with three images each of six different target faces. They are then presented with many three-image series, which contain one image of a target face and two distracters. Duchaine and Nakayama showed that the CFMT is more accurate and efficient than previous tests in diagnosing patients with prosopagnosia. Their study compared the two tests and 75% of patients were diagnosed by the CFMT, while only 25% of patients were diagnosed by the BFRT. However, similar to the BFRT, patients are being asked to essentially match unfamiliar faces, as they are seen only briefly at the start of the test. The test is not  widely used and will need further testing before it can be considered reliable.

The 20-item Prosopagnosia Index (PI20) is a freely available and validated self-report questionnaire that can be used alongside computer-based face recognition tests to help  identify individuals with prosopagnosia. It has been validated using objective measures of face perception ability including famous face recognition tests and the Cambridge Face Memory Test. Less than 1.5% of the general population score above 65 on the PI20 and less than 65% on the CFMT.

Treatment
There are no widely accepted treatments.

Prognosis
Management strategies for acquired prosopagnosia, such as a person who has difficulty recognizing people's faces after a stroke, generally have a low rate of success.  Acquired prosopagnosia sometimes spontaneously resolves.

History
Selective inabilities to recognize faces were documented as early as the 19th century, and included case studies by Hughlings Jackson and Charcot. However, it was not named until the term prosopagnosia was first used in 1947 by , a German neurologist. He described three cases, including a 24-year-old man who sustained a bullet wound to the head and lost his ability to recognize his friends, family, and even his own face. However, he was able to recognize and identify them through other sensory modalities such as auditory, tactile, and even other visual stimuli patterns (such as gait and other physical mannerisms). Bodamer gave his paper the title Die Prosop-Agnosie, derived from Classical Greek πρόσωπον (prósōpon) meaning "face" and αγνωσία (agnōsía) meaning "non-knowledge". In October 1996, Bill Choisser began popularizing the term face blindness for this condition; the earliest-known use of the term is in an 1899 medical paper.

A case of a prosopagnosia is "Dr P." in Oliver Sacks' 1985 book The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, though this is more properly considered to be one of a more general visual agnosia. Although Dr P. could not recognize his wife from her face, he was able to recognize her by her voice. His recognition of pictures of his family and friends appeared to be based on highly specific features, such as his brother's square jaw and big teeth. Oliver Sacks himself had prosopagnosia, but did not know it for much of his life.

The study of prosopagnosia has been crucial in the development of theories of face perception. Because prosopagnosia is not a unitary disorder (i.e., different people may show different types and levels of impairment), it has been argued that face perception involves a number of stages, each of which can cause qualitative differences in impairment that different persons with prosopagnosia may exhibit.

This sort of evidence has been crucial in supporting the theory that there may be a specific face perception system in the brain. Most researchers agree that the facial perception process is holistic rather than featural, as it is for perception of most objects. A holistic perception of the face does not involve any explicit representation of local features (i.e., eyes, nose, mouth, etc.), but rather considers the face as a whole.

As the prototypical face has a specific spatial layout (eyes are always located above nose, and nose located above mouth), it is beneficial to use a holistic approach to recognize individual/specific faces from a group of similar layouts. This holistic processing of the face is exactly what is damaged in prosopagnosics. They are able to recognize the specific spatial layout and characteristics of facial features, but they are unable to process them as one entire face. This is counterintuitive to many people, as not everyone believes faces are "special" or perceived in a different way from other objects in the rest of the world. Though evidence suggests that other visual objects are processed in a holistic manner (e.g., dogs in dog experts), the size of these effects are smaller and are less consistently demonstrated than with faces. In a study conducted by Diamond and Carey, they showed this to be true by performing tests on dog-show judges. They showed pictures of dogs to the judges and to a control group and they then inverted those same pictures and showed them again. The dog-show judges had greater difficulty in recognizing the dogs once inverted compared to the control group; the inversion effect, the increased difficulty in recognizing a picture once inverted, was shown to be in effect. It was previously believed that the inversion effect was associated only with faces, but this study shows that it may apply to any category of expertise.

It has also been argued that prosopagnosia may be a general impairment in understanding how individual perceptual components make up the structure or gestalt of an object. Psychologist Martha Farah has been particularly associated with this view.

Children
Developmental prosopagnosia can be a difficult thing for a child to both understand and cope with. Many adults with developmental prosopagnosia report that for a long time they had no idea that they had a deficit in face processing, unaware that others could distinguish people solely on facial differences.

Prosopagnosia in children may be overlooked; they may just appear to be very shy or slightly odd due to their inability to recognize faces. They may also have a hard time making friends, as they may not recognize their classmates. They often make friends with children who have very clear, distinguishing features.

Children with prosopagnosia may also have difficulties following the plots of television shows and movies, as they have trouble recognizing the different characters. They tend to gravitate towards cartoons, in which characters have simple but well-defined characteristics, and tend to wear the same clothes, may be strikingly different colours or even different species. Prosopagnosiac children even have a hard time telling family members apart, or recognizing people out of context (e.g., the teacher in a grocery store). Some have difficulty recognising themselves in group photographs.

Additionally, children with prosopagnosia can have a difficult time at school, as many school professionals are not well versed in prosopagnosia, if they are aware of the disorder at all. Recently, a database of children's faces and test for child face perception has been developed, which may offer professionals a way to evaluate if a child has prosopagnosia.

Notable people
The following is a list of public figures and other notable people with prosopagnosia.

 Alan Alda (born 1936), American actor
 Duncan Bannatyne (born 1949), Scottish entrepreneur
 Sara Benincasa (born 1980) American comedian and author
 Dave Chalk (born 1963), Canadian entrepreneur
 Chuck Close (1940–2021), American painter
 Paul Foot (born 1973), English comedian
 Stephen Fry (born 1957), English actor
 Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903)
 Jane Goodall (born 1934), English primatologist
 John Hickenlooper (born 1952), US Senator and former Governor of Colorado
 Margaret Kerry (born 1929), American actress and reference model for Tinker Bell
 Karl Kruszelnicki (born 1948), Australian science communicator
 Joanna Lumley (born 1946), Indian-born British actress, presenter, former model, author, television producer, and activist
 Markos Moulitsas (born 1971), American blogger and founder of DailyKos.com
 Brad Pitt (born 1963), American actor and film producer
 Oliver Sacks (1933–2015), British neurologist
 Mary Ann Sieghart (born 1961), English journalist and radio presenter
 Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden (born 1977)
 Jim Woodring (born 1952), American cartoonist
 Steve Wozniak (born 1950), American computer engineer and co-founder of Apple Inc.

See also

References

Further reading

External links

 Face Blind!The online book on face blindness by Bill Choisser, San Francisco.

Agnosia
Face perception
Vision
Visual disturbances and blindness
Visual system

Prosopagnosia


An Aloe macroclada in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Gilbert Baker. An Aloe macroclada in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aloe, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Madagascar. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aloe

Aloe macroclada


A língua Bolyu (endônimo: ; ; também chamada as Paliu, Palyu, ou Lai 俫语, 徕语) é uma língua Austronésia da família das Pacânicas. Os  Bolyu estão entre os grupos étnicos não reconhecidos da China.

Outros nomes
Outros nomes são Baliu, Buliu, Lai Yu, Lailai, Paliu, Palju, Palyu, Polyu

Classificação
Bolyu está relacionado com a língua bugan, formando s duas o ramo Pacânico. Em 1984, Bolyu foi estudado pela primeira vez por Liang Min do Nationalities Research Institute em [Beijing]]. Liang foi o primeiro a sugerir uma afiliação Mon-Khmer de Bolyu, que mais tarde foi confirmada por linguistas ocidentais como Paul K. Benedict, Paul Sidwell e Jerold A. Edmondson. No entanto, o lugar do ramo Pacânico dentro da família Mon-Khmer é incerto. Sidwell (1995) sugere que o ramo Pacânicoic pode ser um ramo Mon-Khmer Oriental, tornando-o mais intimamente relacionado com o ramo Viético] No entanto, Gérard Diffloth classifica as pacânicas como Mon–Khmer Setentrional, tornando-o mais intimamente relacionado com o ramo as Palaúngicas.

Falantes
Os falantes de Bolyu são encontrados nos seguintes locais no sul da China.
Douhong 斗黃tun, Xinhe 新合村, município de Changfa 长发, Longlin County, Guangxi (muitas vezes morando com vizinhos Gelao). Kechang, De'e e Changme.
Xinhe Xinhe Village - Datiezhai Datiezhai, Rua Changfajie Changfa: 50 alto-falantes
 Xinhua Xinhua Village - Luowan Luowan: 300; Kabao, Renshang: 160 falantes
Aldeias com apenas pessoas Bolyu: Muzi Muzi, Dazhai Dazhai, Xiaozhai Xiaozhai
Guosha/Hengsha 高沙/HENSHA, Wenya 文雅村, Puhe Miao Autonomous Township, Xilin Guangxi. Também falado em Naya Naya, Badahe.com 230 falantes no total.

Li (1999) documenta a variedade Bolyu de Muzitun, Xinhe  Changfa Changfa Township, Longlin County, Guangxi,

Nas aldeias seguintes, apenas falantes idosos de Bolyu permanecem.
 Município de Zhelang: Zhezhai Zhezhai, Langrong Langrong, Linghao Linghao
 Município de Kechang: Haichang Haichang
 Município de Shechang: Daguo

1.400 Bolyu residem em Guangxi e mais de 1.000 em Yunnan.

Escrita
O Bolyu pode usar  o alfabeto latino, embora raramente seja escrito.

Não se usam as letras B, D, G, R, X. Usam-se as formas ɕ, ɕj, ɕw, ɛ, ə, ɣ, ɣh, ɣj, hj, hw, kh, khj, kj, lj, ɬ, ɬj, m, mb, mbj, mj, nd, ndj, ŋ, ɲ, ɔ, ph, phj, pj, qh, sj, t, th, thj, tj, tɕ, tɕh, tɕhj, ts, tsh, tsj, ɯ, vɣ, vj, ʑ, ?, ?j, ?w.

Fonologia
Bolyu é uma língua tonal monossilábica como as Tai–Kadai, Hmong-Mien e até mesmo a língua kri. Ao contrário de Bugan, Bolyu não tem uma distinção de qualidade de voz tensa-livre

Consoantes
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Alveolo-palatal
! colspan="3" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Uvular
! colspan="2" | Glotal
|-
!plana || palatal || velar
!plana || palatal
!plana || palatal || labial.
!plana || palatal
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasal oclusiva
|
|mʲ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" | Plosiva
! surda
|
|pʲ
|
|
|tʲ
|
|
|kʲ
|
|
|
|
|-
! aspirada
|
|pʰʲ
|
|
|tʰʲ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! prenasalizada
|ᵐb
|ᵐbʲ
|
|ⁿd
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Africada
!surda
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!aspirada
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Fricativa
|
|vʲ
|vˠ
|
|ɬʲ
|
|
|ɣʲ
|
|
|
|hʲ
|-
! colspan="2" |Semivogal
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

Tons
Bolyu tem um total de seis tons.

São sete as vogais do Bolyu: .

Bolyu permite uma grande variedade de encontros consonantais e tem oito finais consonantais possíveis: -p, -t, -k, -m, -n, -ŋ, -w, -j.

Notas

Bibliografia

  http://www.docin.com/p-380721709.html
 俫语使用人口稳定增长原因探究. In 中国少数民族语言使用现状及其演变研究.

Ligações externas
Bolyu vocabulary from SEAlang
Bolyu em Ethnologue
Bolyu em Endangered Languages
Bolyu em Ligweb
Bolyu em Language Archves
[https://www.omniglot.com/writing/bolyu.htm Bolyu em Omniglot.com

Bolyu
Bolyu
Bplyu

Língua bolyu


The year 1897 in architecture involved some significant events.

Events
 April 3 – Vienna Secession group founded by Otto Wagner, Joseph Maria Olbrich and Josef Hoffmann among others.
 David Ewart succeeds Thomas Fuller as Chief Dominion Architect of the Government of Canada.
 James Knox Taylor becomes Supervising Architect of the United States Department of the Treasury.

Buildings and structures

Buildings

 May 1
 Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek art museum, designed by Wilhelm Dahlerup, opens in Copenhagen.
 Tennessee Centennial Exposition opens in Nashville, with a temporary pyramid for Memphis, TN and a copy of the Parthenon, which will be rebuilt of permanent materials in the 1920s.
 May 12 – The new Oxford Town Hall, designed by Henry Hare, is officially opened in England.
 May 16 – The Teatro Massimo is inaugurated in Palermo; it is the largest opera theatre in Italy and the third in Europe.
 November 1 – The Library of Congress Building in Washington, D.C., designed by Paul J. Pelz, is opened.
 Christmas – The Cathedral of St. Vincent de Paul, Tunis, is completed.
 The Secession Building, Vienna, designed by Joseph Maria Olbrich is completed in Austria.
 Glasgow School of Art, designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, is begun in Scotland.
 Arts and Crafts movement houses in England:
 Long Copse, Ewhurst, Surrey, designed by Alfred Hoare Powell, built.
 Munstead Wood, designed by Edwin Lutyens for Gertrude Jekyll, begun.
 The Flatiron Building of Atlanta, Georgia, United States is completed, five years before New York City's more famous structure.
 First Church of Christ, Scientist (Chicago, Illinois), designed by Solon Spencer Beman, is built.
 The Battenberg Mausoleum, Sofia, designed by Hermann Mayer, is completed.
 The Weaver building, a mill at Swansea in Wales, becomes the first building in the United Kingdom to be constructed from reinforced concrete, by L. G. Mouchel to Hennebique patents.
 Dresden Hauptbahnhof railway station in Germany, designed by Ernst Giese and Paul Weidner, is completed.
 Restoration and remodelling of Castelldefels Castle in Spain by Enric Sagnier is completed.

Awards
 RIBA Royal Gold Medal – Pierre Cuypers.

Births
 January 2 – William Henry Harrison, American architect working in Whittier, California (died 1988)
 January 23 – Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, Austrian architect (died 2000)
 February 11 – Jacob Christie Kielland, Norwegian architect (died 1972)
 February 25 – Elisabeth Coit, American architect (died 1987)
 April 18 – Charles N. Agree, American architect working in Detroit (died 1982)
 May 15 – Rudolf Schwarz, German architect (died 1961)
 August 16 – Helge Thiis, Norwegian architect and restorer (died 1972)
 September 9 – Nancy Lancaster, née Perkins, American-born interior decorator (died 1994)
 F. X. Velarde, English Catholic church architect (died 1960)

Deaths
 January 10 – David Brandon, Scottish-born architect (born 1813)
 March 25 – Charles Eliot, American landscape architect (born 1859)
 May 6 – George Gilbert Scott, Jr., English architect (born 1839)
 June 22 – William Mason, New Zealand architect (born 1810)
 December 11 – John Loughborough Pearson, British architect (born 1817)
 William Lang, American architect (born 1846)

References

1897 in architecture


Les statues-menhirs de Sagne Marty sont deux statues-menhirs appartenant au groupe rouergat découverte à Pont-de-Larn, dans le département du Tarn en France.

Description
Les deux statues ont été découvertes en 2001 par Michel Poulain près de la ferme de Sagne Marty. Elles sont en gneiss. Le façonnage des dalles est sommaire. Elles sont complètes mais la nature de la roche ne permet pas une bonne conservation des gravures. La statue n°1  mesure  de hauteur sur  de largeur et  d'épaisseur. La statue n°2  mesure  de hauteur sur  de largeur et  d'épaisseur.

Il s'agit de deux statues masculines, quasi identiques, sans aucun caractère anthropomorphe, avec strictement les mêmes attributs,  un baudrier, « l'objet » et une ceinture.

Elles ont été redressées chez le propriétaire.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Sites mégalithiques du Tarn
 Liste des statues-menhirs de France

Liens externes

 Sagne Marty n°1 (construit par photogrammétrie)
 Sagne Marty n°2

Sagne Marty
Site mégalithique dans le Tarn

Statues-menhirs de Sagne Marty


An Octarrhena torricellensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Octarrhena torricellensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Octarrhena, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Octarrhena

Octarrhena torricellensis


ديف للصناعات الدوائية هي شركة سعودية مساهمة مقفلة وإحدى شركات تصنيع وإنتاج الأدوية الرائدة في المملكة العربية السعودية.

العام 2007 م هو بداية إنتاج وصناعة المستحضرات الطبية في ديف وتشمل المطهرات والأشربة والمواد الصلبة وشبه الصلبة، وتقع مرافق التصنيع في محافظة البدائع بمنطقة القصيم، والمكتب الرئيسي والمكتب العلمي بمدينة الرياض.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي

شركات أدوية
شركات مقرها في منطقة القصيم
شركات مساهمة سعودية
شركات سعودية أسست في 2007

ديف للصناعات الدوائية


El nombre Mario Carrillo puede hacer referencia a:

Mario Carrillo Inchaústegui, un productor y cantante español.
Mario Carrillo Zamudio, un futbolista retirado y entrenador mexicano.

Mario Carrillo


Suelda blanca puede referirse a:
 El nombre común de la planta Polygonatum multiflorum.
 El nombre común de la planta Polygonatum odoratum.

Suelda blanca


La noire de... () este un film franco-senegalez regizat de Ousmane Sembène, lansat în 1966.

Scenariul are la bază o nuvelă a lui Sembène, publicată inițial în volumul Voltaïque din 1962. Filmul o are în prim-plan pe Diouana (Mbissine Thérèse Diop), o tânără senegaleză; aceasta se mută din  Dakar în Antibes, pe Coasta de Azur a Franței, cu speranța de a-și îmbunătăți situația materială și de a trăi o viață cosmopolită. În Franța, Diouana crede că va face o muncă de dădacă pentru o familie înstărită; ajunsă la fața locului, tânăra își dă seama că a fost înșelată de către cuplul de angajatori francezi, aceștia forțând-o să lucreze ca servitoare.

Filmul vorbește despre alienare, rasism și despre efectele colonialismului asupra configurațiilor umane Afro-Europene.

La noire de... este considerat primul film de lung metraj influent la nivel internațional, realizat de un cineast originar din Africa Subsahariană.

Distribuție
 Mbissine Thérèse Diop - Diouana
 Anne-Marie Jelinek - Madame
 Robert Fontaine - Monsieur
 Momar Nar Sene - iubitul Diouanei
 Ibrahima Boy - băiatul cu masca
 Bernard Delbard - tânăr invitat
 Nicole Donati - tânără invitată
 Raymond Lemeri - bărbat în vârstă, invitat
 Suzanne Lemeri - femeie în vârstă, invitată
 Philippe - fiul cel mare
 Sophie - fiica
 Damien - fiul cel mic
 Toto Bissainthe - Diouana (voce)
 Robert Marcy - Monsieur (voce)
 Sophie Leclerc - Madame (voce)
 Ousmane Sembène - Profesorul (apariție necreditată)

Premii și nominalizări

 1966 - Premiul Tanit d'Or la Zilele de film ale Cartaginei
 1966 - Premiul Jean Vigo pentru cel mai bun film

Referințe și note

Legături externe

 La noire de... la Cinemagia

Filme din 1966
Filme din anii 1960
Filme franțuzești
Filme senegaleze
Filme în limba franceză
Filme cu acțiunea în Franța
Filme regizate de Ousmane Sembène

La noire de...


Su sivri faresi (Neomys fodiens), sivri faregiller (Soricidae) familyasından burnu kirpi gibi uzun bir böcekçil memeli türü.

Türkçede "fare" olarak adlandırılmalarına ve genel görünüm olarak benzemelerine karşın, farelerden ayrı bir takımda yer alırlar.

Boyları yaklaşık 9 cm, kuyruk 6 cm'dir. Ağırlıkları 15 gramdır. Sırtları tamamen siyah, alt kısımlar beyazımsıdır. Çoğunlukla gözlerinin ve kulaklarının arkasında beyaz bir benek bulunur. Kulakları kıllar arasında kaybolmuştur.

Genellikle durgun sular ve akarsuların kıyılarındaki bitkilerin arasında yaşarlar. İyi yüzerler ve dalabilirler. Dalış süreleri 25 sn kadar olabilir. Su altında koşabilirler. Toprakta dehlizler açarlar. Yuvaları ot, yosun ve ince köklerden yapılmış küre şeklindedir. Gece ve gündüz aktiftirler. Su içerisindeki böcek, eklembacaklılar, salyangoz, balık, kurbağa gibi canlıları yerler.

Yılda 2-3 kez doğururlar. Bir batında 5-9 yavru meydana getirirler. Gebelik süreleri 25-27 gündür. İki yıl kadar yaşarlar. Avrupa'dan Orta Asya'ya kadar yayılış gösterirler. Türkiye'de Kuzey ve Kuzeydoğu Anadolu'da yaşarlar.

Dış bağlantılar
 ARKive

Sivri faregiller
Türkiye'deki memeliler
Zehirli memeliler

Su sivri faresi