Sofia Falkovitch, née le  à Moscou, est une cantatrice mezzo-soprano et une hazzan qui vit à Paris. Elle est la première et seule femme hazzan en France.

Elle est membre de l'European Cantors Association, première femme cantor de synagogue en Europe. Son répertoire s'étend du baroque au classique, du romantisme aux compositions contemporaines.

Biographie

Jeunesse

Sofia Falkovitch est née à Moscou. Sa mère est artiste peintre. Son père dirige le théâtre dramatique Maria Iermolova de Moscou. Elle se passionne pour la chanson yiddish. Elle apprend le piano, la guitare et le violoncelle.

Après la chute de l'URSS, elle vit en 1990 (à 10 ans) dans un camp de réfugiés juifs à Berlin. Ses problèmes de bronchites chroniques disparaissent à l'adolescence, dès qu'elle commence à chanter dans la chorale de sa synagogue avant d'être promu en tant que soliste

Formation
A 14 ans, elle travaille sa voix avec Nino Sandow à l'Académie de musique Hanns Eisler. Elle est encouragée par sa grand-mère, cantatrice soprano, étudiante de Nina Dorliak, l'épouse de Sviatoslav Richter.

A 17 ans , elle étudie d'abord à l'Université de Toronto, puis à partir de 2001 à l'Université Concordia de Montréal, se consacre pendant 10 ans à la musique. Parallèlement, elle fait des études de beaux-arts (peinture) et de journalisme.

Sofia Falkovitch suit les cours de chant de Reine Décarie à l'École de musique Vincent-d'Indy, Madeleine Thériault (musique jazz et improvisation à l'École de musique Schulich), Marina Levitt et Penina Schwartz à l'Académie de musique et de danse de Jérusalem, Verena Rein à l'Université des arts de Berlin,Theresa Brancaccio au Leigh et Henry Bienen School of Music de l'Université Northwestern.

Elle est polyglotte, elle parle couramment sept langues : le russe, l'allemand, le français, l'anglais, l'hébreu, l'espagnol et le yiddish. Sa pratique religieuse et ses traditions familiales l'amènent à se présenter, en 2009, au premier programme germano-israélien d'études cantoriales ouvert aux femmes, d'une durée de cinq ans. Elle reçoit une bourse d'études de la , elle passe un an à la Debbie Friedman School of Sacred Music du Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion avec comme professeur Eliyahu Schleifer, à l' à Jérusalem. Le shabbat, elle chante dans la synagogue de la Oranienburger Strasse à Berlin. Elle est diplômée du  de Berlin et de l'Université de Potsdam et rédige son mémoire de master sur Samuel Naumbourg et son influence sur la musique synagogale.

Carrière

Elle est ordonnée le 2 septembre 2014 à Wroclaw, en même temps que son époux, Jonas Jacquelin.

Sur  (Talmud de Babylone, Traité Berakhot 24a), Sofia Falkovitch soutient que  .

Elle officie en tant que hazzan pour les fêtes de Tishri, à partir de 2010, dans des synagogues du mouvement réformé à Jérusalem, à Paris, au Luxembourg, Singapour, à Hambourg.

Elle effectue une tournée avec son programme "Rituels du désert". Elle participe à la production théâtrale en langue russe Franzuskie Strasti (2006), et collabore avec le théâtre "O !" à Montréal. Elle présente l'émission de télévision culturelle "Russian Hour" (2004) et travaille comme journaliste pour RTVi Overseas Media à New York (2005). Elle participe à des cérémonies en Israël (Massada), à Paris (Oratoire du Louvre, Église de la Madeleine, Union libérale Israélite de France, Journée internationale dédiée à la Mémoire des victimes de l'Holocauste du 27 janvier 2022 à l'UNESCO, Cathédrale d'Aix-la-Chapelle), à la Grande Mosquée de Strasbourg, à Berlin, aux États-Unis, au Canada et en Asie. Elle participe à la Journée européenne de la culture et du patrimoine juif à Fribourg, au Festival des musiques juives à Bruxelles, au Festival des Cultures juives à Paris.

Vie privée
Sofia Falkovitch rencontre à Jérusalem Jonas Jacquelin. Parisien, il veut devenir rabbin et s'apprête à intégrer le Léo Beack Collège de Londres mais poursuit ses études à Berlin, pour être proche de Sofia. Cinq ans plus tard, ils se marient et s'installent à Paris. Jonas Jacquelin est rabbin de la synagogue de la rue Copernic à Paris, membre du Judaïsme en mouvement.

Récital et Théâtre
 2006 : Franzuskie Strasti

2007 : Tournée de cabaret avec son programme "Le Sacre du Désert", un récital de chant yiddish
2008 : Participation au festival Klez Canada
2008 : Finaliste du concours international de chant juif à Berlin
2016 : Concert avec Alberto Mizrahi de chant traditionnel et hazanout à l' Union libérale israélite de France à Paris
2016 : Première du Dibbouk ou Entre-deux mondes au Théâtre national populaire à Villeurbanne.
2016 : Récital de Sofia Falkovitch accompagnée d'un orchestre de chambre organisé par l'Organisation internationale des femmes sionistes  au Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du judaïsme de Paris
2019 : Réparer le verre brisé, Concert commémoratif de la Kristallnacht, Commémoration et d'espoir, dans la Loop Synagogue à Chicago
2019 : l'Empreinte d'un geste. Pilpoul à trois temps au Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du judaïsme à Paris
2020 : Récital de Sofia Falkovitch avec le grand Chœur juif de Moscou à l'Union libérale israélite de France à Paris
2020 : Réparer le verre brisé, Concert commémoratif de la Kristallnacht, Commémoration et d'espoir. au Théâtre Déjazet à Paris :
2020 : Tournée du 31 mai au 7 juin aux États-Unis
2020 : Récital au Théâtre du Complexe Culturel Sidi Belyiout à Casablanca au Maroc.
2021 : Guilgoul « Métamorphose d'un nom » au Théâtre du Gymnase.
2021 : Sœurs d'âme : Quand les mélodies liturgiques ashkénazes et séfarades s'entremêlent... avec Françoise Atlan à l'Espace culturel et universitaire juif d'Europe
2021 : Un recital autour de Pauline Viardot au Festival d'art lyrique de Jérusalem
2021 : Tournée  de Sofia Falkovitch avec l'ensemble Klezmer Shoshana  dans les synagogues et églises en Allemagne notamment à Hambourg et Erfurt.

Filmographie

 Pendant deux ans, Sofia Falkovitch est suivie par la caméra et il en résulte en 2014, le film documentaire "Di Shtim iz di Feder fun Hartsen" ("La voix est la plume du cœur") de Julia Poliak, Puppok Productions, en coproduction avec la Hochschule für Fernsehen und Film de Munich.
 2017 : Le géographe manuel II - Socrate pour prendre congé film de Michel Sumpf.
2021 : Cantor Sofia Falkovitch « Six moments de la liturgie juive » chez Allegro HD

Discographie
Un CD intitulé Chants Hébraïques et chants d'amour est sorti en 2017 chez Calliope Records avec des œuvres de Bizet, Fauré, Rimski-Korsakov et Ravel, enregistré avec l'orchestre de chambre Les Illuminations sous la direction de Gabriel Bourgoin. Primé 5 étoiles chez Classica, Diapason, Pizzicato.

Un CD intitulé La Voix de l'Héritage Sacré est sorti en 2019 chez Calliope Records. Il présente des chants, des prières et des psaumes des grands compositeurs de musique synagogale originaires de l'Europe d'avant-guerre et des États-Unis (Lewandowski, Naumbourg, Alter, Jules Franck).

Un CD intitulé "Soeurs d'Âme Soul Sisters" sort en 2023, avec des chants et des prières dont elle a composée certaines musiques, avec la collaboration de Françoise Atlan. Label Indesens Calliope.

Notes et références

Articles connexes
 Hazzan
 Samuel Naumbourg

Liens externes

Naissance en mars 1980
Naissance à Moscou
Personnalité de la culture juive
Personnalité allemande du judaïsme
Personnalité liée aux relations entre juifs et chrétiens
Hazzan
Judaïsme réformé
Liturgie juive
Musique juive
Culture juive
Culture yiddish
Chanteuse allemande du XXIe siècle
Mezzo-soprano allemande
Étudiant de l'Université Concordia
Étudiant de l'université Humboldt de Berlin
Étudiant de l'université de Potsdam
Étudiant de l'Université McGill
Étudiant de l'université Northwestern
Étudiant de l'université des arts de Berlin
Élève de l'École de musique Vincent-d'Indy

Sofia Falkovitch


Das Writers-in-Prison-Committee der internationalen Schriftsteller-Vereinigung P.E.N. beschäftigt sich mit verfolgten Schriftstellern. Alle sechs Monate legt das Komitee einen Bericht mit den aktuellen Fällen (Case List) vor.

Geschichte
Die Gründung erfolgte 1960 als Reaktion auf die  wachsende Zahl der Staaten, die versuchten, Schriftsteller durch Zwangsmaßnahmen mundtot zu machen. Später kümmerte sich das Committee auch um verfolgte Verleger, Redakteure und Journalisten. Gefangene, die wegen Propagierung von Gewalt oder gar ihrer Anwendung verurteilt wurden, und solche, die zum Rassenhass aufgerufen haben, werden nicht unterstützt, weil ihre Aktivitäten mit der Charta des Internationalen P.E.N. unvereinbar sind.

Im Jahre 2012 wirkten 58 der insgesamt 140 P.E.N.-Zentren aktiv im Writers-in-Prison-Committee mit. Jedes dieser Zentren kann verfolgte Autoren zu Ehrenmitgliedern ernennen, damit deren Schicksal öffentlich bekannt wird. Auf diplomatischen Wegen oder in öffentlichen Kampagnen machen besondere Beauftragte auf das Schicksal der Inhaftierten aufmerksam, um die Freilassung der Betroffenen zu erwirken. Es wird versucht, mit den Gefangenen und/oder deren Angehörigen Kontakt zu halten und diese auch finanziell zu unterstützen. Nicht-Mitglieder des P.E.N. können sich über Petitionen, die auf den Internetseiten der Zentren zu finden sind, an den Aktionen beteiligen.

Das Sekretariat ist der Londoner Zentrale des Internationalen P.E.N. angeschlossen und sammelt Informationen über die Gefangenen, gibt sie an die nationalen Zentren weiter und ruft auch zu rapid actions (Blitzaktionen) der nationalen Zentren auf. Als Quelle für diese Informationen über die bedrohten Autoren dienen Presseberichte, Recherchen von anderen Menschenrechtsgruppen, Mitteilungen von Verwandten und Freunden der Verfolgten oder von P.E.N.-Mitgliedern aus diesen Ländern.

Das Writers-in-Prison-Committee wird von einem gewählten Vorsitzenden geleitet, dem zwei hauptamtliche Mitarbeiter zur Seite stehen.

Im deutschen P.E.N. ist Cornelia Zetzsche, die seit dem Rücktritt des gesamten Vorstands bei der Mitgliederversammlung in Gotha am 14. Mai 2022 zum Interimspräsidium gehört, für die Writers-in-Prison-Arbeit zuständig.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website (englisch)
 PEN-Deutschland: Homepage des deutschen Writers-in-Prison-Programms

Einzelnachweise

Schriftstellerverband
Menschenrechtsorganisation
Gegründet 1960
Internationale Organisation (London)

Writers-in-prison


Lamprolobium es un género de plantas con flores  perteneciente a la familia Fabaceae. Comprende 3 especies descritas y de estas, solo 2 aceptadas.

Taxonomía
El género fue descrito por George Bentham y publicado en Flora Australiensis: a description . . . 2: 202. 1864.

Especies
A continuación se brinda un listado de las especies del género Lamprolobium aceptadas hasta septiembre de 2012, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada una se indica el nombre binomial seguido del autor, abreviado según las convenciones y usos.
 Lamprolobium fruticosum Benth.
 Lamprolobium grandiflorum R.J.F.Hend.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Brongniartieae

Lamprolobium


La  du Tour d'Italie 2022 se déroule le jeudi  de Palmi à Scalea, en Italie (Calabre), sur une distance de .

Parcours
Après un transfert par le détroit de Messine, le Giro débarque pour la première fois sur le sol de l'Italie continentale pour une étape qui ne comporte qu'une seule ascension répertoriée : la côte de l'aéroport militaire de Luigi Razza, et les deux sprints intermédiaires, situés à Vibo Valentia (km 40,6) et à Guardia Piemontese Marina (km 147,7). L'étape longe presque exclusivement les côtes de la Mer Tyrrhénienne entre les villes balnéaires de Palmi et de Scalea, excepté entre Nicotera et Pizzo.

Déroulement de la course
Après vingt-deux kilomètres de course, l'Italien Diego Rosa (Eolo Kometa) s'échappe seul en tête. Son avance maximal avec le peloton n'excède pas les cinq minutes. Au sommet de la côte de l'aéroport militaire de Luigi Razza, Diego Rosa passe en tête, avec une avance de cinq minutes et quinze secondes sur le peloton ; au sprint intermédiaire de Vibo Valentina, il passe, cette fois-ci, avec trois minutes et quarante secondes d'avance sur un trio de la Drone Hopper-Androni Giocattoli, l'Argentin Eduardo Sepúlveda, les deux Italiens Simone Ravanelli et Filippo Tagliani, sortis du peloton deux kilomètres avant et repris dix kilomètres après, et quatre minutes et onze secondes sur le peloton, devancé par l'Erythréen Biniam Girmay (Intermarché-Wanty-Gobert Matériaux) et le Français Arnaud Démare (Groupama FDJ).

Au sprint intermédiaire de Guardia Piemontese Marina, Diego Rosa passe la ligne avec une minute et trente-six secondes d'avance sur le peloton, où Filippo Tagliani passe en tête devant l'Allemand Lennard Kämna (Bora-Hansgrohe). L'Italien est repris à vingt-huit kilomètres de l'arrivée.

Geré par les équipes de sprinteurs, le peloton reste groupé jusqu'à l'arrivée. Déjà vainqueur la veille, Arnaud Démare gagne l'étape au photo-finish face à l'Australien Caleb Ewan (Lotto Soudal). Derrière, le Britannique Mark Cavendish (Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl) termine troisième.

Rien ne change au niveau des différents classements : l'Espagnol Juan Pedro López (Trek-Segafredo) conserve son maillot rose et son maillot blanc ; Arnaud Démare, vainqueur de l'étape, fait de même avec son maillot violet ; tout comme l'Allemand Lennard Kämna (Bora-Hansgrohe) avec le maillot bleu. La Bora-Hansgrohe reste première au classement par équipes.

Résultats

Classement de l'étape

Points attribués pour le classement par points

Points attribués pour le classement du meilleur grimpeur

Classements aux points intermédiaires

Bonifications

Classements à l'issue de l'étape

Classement général

Classement par points

Classement de la montagne

Classement du meilleur jeune

Classement par équipes

Abandons
Aucun

Notes et références

Liens externes

    Site officiel
 Parcours

 06

6e étape du Tour d'Italie 2022


Ceyhun Yılmaz (d. 5 Ekim 1976, İstanbul), Türk komedyen, oyuncu, radyo ve televizyon programcısı.

Yaşamı ve kariyeri

İlköğretimini Bahçelievler Kazım Karabekir İlköğretim Okulu'nda tamamladı. Bu okulda okurken sınıfta düzenlediği tek kişilik oyunların yanı sıra ilk kez 1985 yılında okulunun mezuniyet gecesinde sahneye çıktı. 1990 yılında Yeşilköy 50.Yıl Lisesi'ne gitmeye başladı ve 1993 yılında buradan mezun oldu. Ardından yükseköğrenimi için Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisat Fakültesi İktisat Bölümü'ne kaydoldu ve ikinci senesinde ayrıldı.

1995 yılında Star TV'de yapım yardımcılığı görevini üstlendi. Sonrasında TGRT spor muhabirliği , 1997'de Star TV spor yapımcılığı ve 1998'de Star TV Galatasaray Muhabirliği ve TGRT spor servisi müdür yardımcılığı görevlerinde bulundu. 1999 yılının Ocak ayında Best FM'de yayına başladı. 2000 yılında İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Sahne ve Gösteri Sanatları öğrencisi oldu. Aynı yıl içerisinde Kadıköy Halk Eğitim Merkezi Deneme Sahnesi'nde sahneye çıkmaya başladı ve burada 500'ün üzerinde oyun sergiledi. 2001 yılında atv'de kendi adını taşıyan bir televizyon programını hazırladı ve 13 bölüm boyunca sundu.

2002 yılında ilk şiir kitabını çıkardı ve aynı yıl okulunu, TV programını, radyo programını ve sahneleri bırakıp vatani görevini yapmak için orduya katıldı. 4 ay Van'da kaldıktan sonra, Türkiye'nin tüm illerini dolaşarak askerler ve rütbeli personel için toplamda 107 gösteri yaptı.

2003 yılında vatani görevini tamamlayıp radyoya geri dönen Ceyhun Yılmaz hemen ikinci şiir kitabı "Kasımın Bıçak Yarası"nı yayınladı. Gösterilerine de aynı yıl tekrar başladı. 2004 yılında bir televizyon programı için TRT ile anlaştı ve 14 bölüm boyunca "Şov Rüzgarı"nı sundu. 2005 yılında Cine5'le anlaşarak hafta içi her gece "Ceyhun Yılmaz Talk Show" isimli programına devam etti; program boyunca 165 bölümde 210 ünlü konuğu ağırladı. 2006 yılında "İkinci El Yalnızlık" adlı şiir kitabını yayınladı ve tüm kitaplarının gelirlerinin tamamını Türk Böbrek Vakfı ve Türk Eğitim Gönüllüleri Vakfı'na bağışladı. Şubat 2004 ve Mayıs 2006 yılları arasında "Hayat Bilgisi" dizisinde 92 bölüm konuk oyunculuk yaptı. 13 Mayıs 2006 yılında dizi setinde geçirdiği kaza sonucu ayağı 3 yerden kırıldı ve kolunda çatlak meydana geldi. Aynı gün çok sevdiği annesini kaybetti ve bir süre çalışmalarına ara verdi. 2007 yılının Haziran ayından itibaren tekrar TRT ile anlaştı ve "Sayısal Gece" programını yaz boyunca sundu. Aynı yıl başrollerini Tuba Ünsal ile paylaştığı "Küçük Hanımefendi" adlı dizide yer aldı.  2007 yılında Yavuz Seçkin, Serkan Balbal ve Bülent Ersoy ile beraber 'Üçümüz Bir Diva'yla' programının sunuculuğunu yaptı. 2008 yılında TRT'de "Sayısal Gece" programını bu kez Sibel Can ile sunmaya başladı ve yaz bitiminden sonra kış sezonunda da programa devam etti ve toplamda 40 bölüm programın sunuculuğunu üstlendi. 2009 yılında TRT Müzik kanalında "İstanbul Sokakları" isimli programı sundu. 2011 yılında Habertürk TV'de Simge Fıstıkoğlu ile birlikte "Hoş Beş İki" isimli spor programını 13 bölüm boyunca hazırlayıp sundu.

2011 yılında Lig TV'de "21" isimli spor-talk show programını hazırladı ve sunmaya başladı. 2011 yılında, önceki 3 kitabının birleşimi olan "Sensiz Harfler"i ve "Sevdiğim İkinci Kadınsın Sen" adlı kitaplarını yayınladı ve kitapların bütün gelirlerini LÖSEV'e bıraktı. 1999-2012 yılları arasında 100'den fazla üniversite paneline konuşmacı olarak katıldı. Mesleğini yaptığı her sene birçok ödüle layık görüldü.
Hababam Sınıfı Merhaba, Hababam Sınıfı Askerde, Maskeli Beşler, Maskeli Beşler: Irak, Maskeli Beşler: Kıbrıs, Osmanlı Cumhuriyeti, Çakallarla Dans filmlerinde ve Melekler Korusun, Leyla ile Mecnun ve Babam İçin dizilerinde cameo (misafir oyuncu) olarak bulundu.

2013 yılında Ceyhun Yılmaz Show programıyla hafta içi her gün Alem FM'de yer aldı. Bunun yanında, genellikle radyoda reklam aralarında ve günün farklı saatlerinde PACYA adında online olarak alternatif bir yayın yaptı.

13 Şubat 2020 tarihinde Kafa Radyo'da hafta içi her gün 12:00-14:00 saatleri arasında "Ceyhun Yılmaz Show" adıyla program yapmaya başladı. 1 Kasım 2021 tarihinde Radyo D'de yayın yapmaya başladı ve "Tampon Tampona Aşk" programını yeniden sunmaya başladı. Hafta içi her gün 18.00 – 20.00 saatleri arasında program yapıyor.

Ayrıca sektördeki genç isimlere destek amacıyla, 2011 yılından beri radyo kategorisinde ödül kabul etmemektedir.

Yayımlanmış kitapları

Şiir kitapları

Televizyon programları

Filmografisi

Aldığı ödüller

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 ceyhunyilmaz.com
 facebook.com/ceyhunyilmaz
 twitter.com/ceyhunyilmaz
 instagram.com/ceyhunyilmaz
 youtube.com/ceyhunyilmaz

1976 doğumlular
Türk erkek sinema oyuncuları
20. yüzyıl Türk gazetecileri
21. yüzyıl Türk gazetecileri
Türk erkek dizi oyuncuları
Türk stand-up komedyenler
Türk radyocular
Yaşayan insanlar

Ceyhun Yılmaz


FK Rubin, (Rusça: Футбольный клуб Рубин) Rusya'da bulunan bir futbol takımıdır. Tataristan'ın Kazan şehrinin futbol takımı olarak bilinir.

Rubin Kazan, hiçbir zaman Sovyet 1. Ligi'ne yükselemedi. Ancak 2003 yılında Rossiyskaya Premyer-Liga'ya geldi ve Rossiyskaya Premyer-Liga'daki ilk sezonunda 3. olarak UEFA Kupası'nda mücadele etti. 2004 yılında ligde 10. oldu ama 2005 yılında 4. olarak yeniden UEFA Kupası'nda mücadele etme hakkı kazandı. 2006 sezonunu beşinci bitirip Intertoto kupasına katılan kulüp, 3. turda elendi. 2008 yılında ise tarihinde ilk kez Çempionat Rossii po futbolu şampiyonu oldu. 2009 yılında ikinci kez Çempionat Rossii po futbolu şampiyonu oldu.

Takım, daha önce "Iskra" (1958-1964) ve "Rubin-TAN" (1992-1993) adlarıyla Sovyet ve Rus liglerinde mücadele etti.

Transfer döneminde Türkiye'den Hasan Kabze ve Stjepan Tomas'ı alarak Türk futbolseverlerin dikkatini çekmiştir. 13 Mart 2008 itibarı ile ise Trabzonspor'un orta saha oyuncusu Gökdeniz Karadeniz'i 12.5 milyona 5 yıllığına kadrosuna katmıştır.
Kulüp efsaneleri
Gökdeniz Karadenizin 61 numaralı forması emekli edildi

Kadrosu

Başarıları
Rossiyskaya Premyer-Liga:(2)
 Şampiyon: 2008, 2009

Kubok Rossii:(1)
 Şampiyon: 2012

Superkubok Rossii:(2)
 Şampiyon: 2010, 2012

CIS Kupası:(1)
 Şampiyon: 2010

La Manga Kupası:(2)
 Şampiyon: 2005, 2006

Lig ve kupa tarihi

Sovyetler Birliği
{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
! Sezon
! Lig
! Poz.
! OM
! G
! B
! M
! AG
! YG
! P
!Kupa
!colspan=2|Avrupa
!En golcü  (Lig)
!Teknik direktör
|-
|align=center|1936  (İlkbahar)
|align=center rowspan=2|3.
|align=center|4
|align=center|7
|align=center|3
|align=center|2
|align=center|2
|align=center|14
|align=center|15
|align=center|15
|align=center rowspan=2|Son 32
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1936  (Sonbahar)
|align=center bgcolor="lightgreen"|1
|align=center|7
|align=center|5
|align=center|1
|align=center|1
|align=center|18
|align=center|9
|align=center|18
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1937
|align=center|2.
|align=center bgcolor="pink"|7
|align=center|12
|align=center|1
|align=center|3
|align=center|8
|align=center|11
|align=center|28
|align=center|17
|align=center|Çeyrek final
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1938
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|Son 16
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1939
|align=center|2.
|align=center bgcolor="pink"|23
|align=center|22
|align=center|4
|align=center|1
|align=center|17
|align=center|20
|align=center|50
|align=center|9
|align=center|Son 32
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center colspan=15|1940-1945
|-
|align=center|1946
|align=center|3., "Povolzhye"
|align=center bgcolor="lightgreen"|7
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1947
|align=center rowspan=2|2., RSFSR-1
|align=center|7
|align=center|22
|align=center|8
|align=center|3
|align=center|11
|align=center|34
|align=center|20
|align=center|19
|align=center|Son 128
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center rowspan=2|1948
|align=center|1
|align=center|26
|align=center|20
|align=center|3
|align=center|3
|align=center|71
|align=center|18
|align=center|43
|align=center rowspan=2|Son 32
|align=center colspan=2 rowspan=2|-
|align=left rowspan=2|
|align=left rowspan=2|
|-
|align=center|2., Final
|align=center|5
|align=center|5
|align=center|1
|align=center|2
|align=center|2
|align=center|4
|align=center|6
|align=center|4
|-
|align=center|1949
|align=center|2., RSFSR-3
|align=center|9
|align=center|24
|align=center|6
|align=center|7
|align=center|11
|align=center|33
|align=center|42
|align=center|19
|align=center|Son 128
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center colspan=14|1950-1958
|-
|align=center|1958
|align=center rowspan=2|2., Grup 1
|align=center|14
|align=center|30
|align=center|7
|align=center|4
|align=center|19
|align=center|24
|align=center|56
|align=center|18
|align=center|Son 256
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1959
|align=center|5
|align=center|28
|align=center|12
|align=center|9
|align=center|7
|align=center|36
|align=center|27
|align=center|33
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1960
|align=center|2., RSFSR-4
|align=center|4
|align=center|28
|align=center|15
|align=center|7
|align=center|6
|align=center|42
|align=center|22
|align=center|37
|align=center|Son 256
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1961
|align=center|2., RSFSR-2
|align=center|3
|align=center|24
|align=center|11
|align=center|9
|align=center|4
|align=center|31
|align=center|22
|align=center|31
|align=center|Son 32
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|Tufatulin - 17
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1962
|align=center|2., RSFSR-4
|align=center bgcolor="pink"|3
|align=center|30
|align=center|13
|align=center|12
|align=center|5
|align=center|47
|align=center|23
|align=center|38
|align=center|Son 256
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1963
|align=center|3., RSFSR-4
|align=center|3
|align=center|30
|align=center|17
|align=center|6
|align=center|7
|align=center|47
|align=center|28
|align=center|40
|align=center|R64
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center rowspan=2|1964
|align=center|3., RSFSR-2
|align=center|2
|align=center|32
|align=center|13
|align=center|15
|align=center|4
|align=center|40
|align=center|15
|align=center|41
|align=center rowspan=2|Son 1024
|align=center colspan=2 rowspan=2|-
|align=left rowspan=2|
|align=left rowspan=2|
|-
|align=center|3., Yarı final
|align=center|4
|align=center|5
|align=center|2
|align=center|1
|align=center|2
|align=center|6
|align=center|5
|align=center|5
|-
|align=center rowspan=3|1965
|align=center|3., RSFSR-2
|align=center|2
|align=center|36
|align=center|20
|align=center|9
|align=center|7
|align=center|52
|align=center|22
|align=center|49
|align=center rowspan=3|
|align=center colspan=2 rowspan=3|-
|align=left rowspan=3|
|align=left rowspan=3|
|-
|align=center|3., Yarı final
|align=center|1
|align=center|4
|align=center|4
|align=center|0
|align=center|0
|align=center|9
|align=center|4
|align=center|8
|-
|align=center|3., Final
|align=center bgcolor="lightgreen"|2
|align=center|3
|align=center|2
|align=center|0
|align=center|1
|align=center|4
|align=center|4
|align=center|4
|-
|align=center|1966
|align=center rowspan=2|2. (Grup 1)
|align=center|5
|align=center|32
|align=center|15
|align=center|9
|align=center|8
|align=center|32
|align=center|23
|align=center|39
|align=center|Son 32
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1967
|align=center|4
|align=center|38
|align=center|16
|align=center|12
|align=center|10
|align=center|36
|align=center|26
|align=center|44
|align=center|Son 16
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1968
|align=center|2. (Grup 3)
|align=center|5
|align=center|40
|align=center|19
|align=center|9
|align=center|12
|align=center|52
|align=center|31
|align=center|47
|align=center|Son 256
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|Vorobyov - 13
|align=left|Sentyabryov
|-
|align=center|1969
|align=center|2. (Grup 2)
|align=center|2
|align=center|34
|align=center|17
|align=center|12
|align=center|5
|align=center|40
|align=center|21
|align=center|46
|align=center|R16
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|Vorobyov - 9
|align=left|Sentyabryov
|-
|align=center|1970
|align=center rowspan=2|2.
|align=center|8
|align=center|42
|align=center|18
|align=center|10
|align=center|14
|align=center|36
|align=center|42
|align=center|46
|align=center|Son 128
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|Kolotov - 9
|align=left|Sentyabryov
|-
|align=center|1971
|align=center bgcolor="pink"|22
|align=center|42
|align=center|9
|align=center|13
|align=center|20
|align=center|31
|align=center|57
|align=center|31
|align=center|Son 32
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|Penzin - 8
|align=left|Sentyabryov
|-
|align=center|1972
|align=center rowspan=2|3., Grup 5
|align=center|7
|align=center|32
|align=center|11
|align=center|14
|align=center|7
|align=center|24
|align=center|22
|align=center|36
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|A. Yashin - 8
|align=left|Kalugin
|-
|align=center|1973
|align=center|2
|align=center|32
|align=center|21
|align=center|5
|align=center|6
|align=center|58
|align=center|26
|align=center|47
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|V. Kadyrov - 15
|align=left|Kalugin
|-
|align=center rowspan=3|1974
|align=center|3., Grup 4
|align=center|2
|align=center|40
|align=center|20
|align=center|11
|align=center|9
|align=center|53
|align=center|33
|align=center|51
|align=center rowspan=3|
|align=center colspan=2 rowspan=3|-
|align=left rowspan=3|
|align=left rowspan=3|
|-
|align=center|3., Yarı final
|align=center|2
|align=center|5
|align=center|3
|align=center|0
|align=center|2
|align=center|7
|align=center|7
|align=center|6
|-
|align=center|3., Final
|align=center bgcolor="lightgreen"|2
|align=center|5
|align=center|2
|align=center|2
|align=center|1
|align=center|9
|align=center|6
|align=center|6
|-
|align=center|1975
|align=center rowspan=3|2.
|align=center|11
|align=center|38
|align=center|12
|align=center|13
|align=center|13
|align=center|37
|align=center|51
|align=center|37
|align=center|Son 64
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|A. Yashin - 6 Baiguzov - 6
|align=left|Batanov
|-
|align=center|1976
|align=center|17
|align=center|38
|align=center|6
|align=center|18
|align=center|14
|align=center|39
|align=center|55
|align=center|30
|align=center|Son 64
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|Usov - 11
|align=left|Markov
|-
|align=center|1977
|align=center bgcolor="pink"|20
|align=center|38
|align=center|6
|align=center|10
|align=center|22
|align=center|40
|align=center|76
|align=center|22
|align=center|Son 64
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|Dzagnidze - 9
|align=left|Kalugin
|-
|align=center|1978
|align=center rowspan=2|3., Grup 4
|align=center|6
|align=center|46
|align=center|20
|align=center|12
|align=center|14
|align=center|64
|align=center|50
|align=center|52
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1979
|align=center|19
|align=center|46
|align=center|10
|align=center|16
|align=center|20
|align=center|48
|align=center|56
|align=center|36
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1980
|align=center rowspan=10|3., Grup 2
|align=center|10
|align=center|34
|align=center|12
|align=center|11
|align=center|11
|align=center|37
|align=center|27
|align=center|35
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1981
|align=center|5
|align=center|32
|align=center|14
|align=center|8
|align=center|10
|align=center|46
|align=center|30
|align=center|36
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1982
|align=center|2
|align=center|32
|align=center|19
|align=center|8
|align=center|5
|align=center|51
|align=center|28
|align=center|46
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1983
|align=center|5
|align=center|28
|align=center|11
|align=center|10
|align=center|7
|align=center|35
|align=center|27
|align=center|32
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1984
|align=center|10
|align=center|32
|align=center|11
|align=center|9
|align=center|12
|align=center|25
|align=center|33
|align=center|31
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1985
|align=center|7
|align=center|28
|align=center|13
|align=center|4
|align=center|11
|align=center|34
|align=center|32
|align=center|30
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1986
|align=center|5
|align=center|32
|align=center|16
|align=center|8
|align=center|8
|align=center|50
|align=center|33
|align=center|40
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1987
|align=center|5
|align=center|32
|align=center|15
|align=center|8
|align=center|9
|align=center|44
|align=center|29
|align=center|38
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|
|align=left|
|-
|align=center|1988
|align=center|7
|align=center|32
|align=center|13
|align=center|5
|align=center|14
|align=center|30
|align=center|28
|align=center|31
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|V. Popov - 7
|align=left|Semyonov
|-
|align=center|1989
|align=center bgcolor="pink"|12
|align=center|42
|align=center|18
|align=center|4
|align=center|20
|align=center|42
|align=center|41
|align=center|40
|align=center|Son 128
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|Gavrilov - 15
|align=left|Navrozov
|-
|align=center|1990
|align=center rowspan=2|4., Grup 7
|align=center|3
|align=center|32
|align=center|18
|align=center|10
|align=center|4
|align=center|48
|align=center|15
|align=center|46
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|O. Mironov - 13
|align=left|Zolotukhin
|-
|align=center|1991
|align=center|1
|align=center|42
|align=center|30
|align=center|8
|align=center|4
|align=center|79
|align=center|20
|align=center|68
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left|Gavrilov - 16Surov - 16
|align=left|Zolotukhin
|}

Rusya

{|class="wikitable"
|-bgcolor="#efefef"
! Sezon
! Lig
! Poz.
! OM
! G
! B
! M
! AG
! YG
! P
!Kupa
!colspan=2|Avrupa
!En golcü (Lig)
!Teknik direktör
|-
|align=center|1992
|align=center rowspan=2|2., "Centre"
|align=center|5
|align=center|34
|align=center|15
|align=center|9
|align=center|10
|align=center|43
|align=center|30
|align=center|39
|align=center|
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Mulashev - 18
|align=left| Ivchenko
|-
|align=center|1993
|align=center bgcolor="pink"|8
|align=center|38
|align=center|19
|align=center|6
|align=center|13
|align=center|48
|align=center|46
|align=center|44
|align=center|Son 256
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Tatarkin - 11
|align=left| V. Lukashenko   Zadikashvili
|-
|align=center|1994
|align=center rowspan=4|3., "Centre"
|align=center|15
|align=center|32
|align=center|6
|align=center|4
|align=center|22
|align=center|15
|align=center|65
|align=center|16
|align=center|Son 256
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Tatarkin - 5
|align=left| Zadikashvili
|-
|align=center|1995
|align=center|17
|align=center|40
|align=center|12
|align=center|6
|align=center|22
|align=center|32
|align=center|56
|align=center|42
|align=center|Son 256
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Tatarkin - 8
|align=left| Zadikashvili
|-
|align=center|1996
|align=center|6
|align=center|42
|align=center|24
|align=center|7
|align=center|11
|align=center|66
|align=center|34
|align=center|79
|align=center|Son 512
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Pantyushenko - 20
|align=left| Volchok
|-
|align=center|1997
|align=center bgcolor="lightgreen"|1
|align=center|40
|align=center|32
|align=center|6
|align=center|2
|align=center|88
|align=center|22
|align=center|102
|align=center|Son 64
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Knyazev - 25
|align=left| Volchok
|-
|align=center|1998
|align=center rowspan=5|2.
|align=center|7
|align=center|42
|align=center|19
|align=center|6
|align=center|17
|align=center|56
|align=center|50
|align=center|63
|align=center|Çeyrek final
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Kuzmichyov - 15
|align=left| Volchok  Irkhin
|-
|align=center|1999
|align=center|7
|align=center|42
|align=center|18
|align=center|12
|align=center|12
|align=center|56
|align=center|49
|align=center|66
|align=center|Son 64
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Nechaev - 10
|align=left| Sadyrin
|-
|align=center|2000
|align=center|3
|align=center|38
|align=center|24
|align=center|6
|align=center|8
|align=center|61
|align=center|28
|align=center|78
|align=center|Son 64
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Filippov - 12
|align=left| Antikhovich
|-
|align=center|2001
|align=center|8
|align=center|34
|align=center|13
|align=center|7
|align=center|14
|align=center|44
|align=center|44
|align=center|46
|align=center|Son 64
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Ljubobratović - 9
|align=left| Antikhovich  Berdyev
|-
|align=center|2002
|align=center bgcolor="lightgreen"|1
|align=center|34
|align=center|22
|align=center|6
|align=center|6
|align=center|51
|align=center|14
|align=center|72
|align=center|Son 16
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Chaladze - 20
|align=left| Berdyev
|-
|align=center|2003
|align=center rowspan=8|1.
|align=center bgcolor=#CD7F32|3
|align=center|30
|align=center|15
|align=center|8
|align=center|7
|align=center|44
|align=center|29
|align=center|53
|align=center|Son 16
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Roni - 11
|align=left| Berdyev
|-
|align=center|2004
|align=center|10
|align=center|30
|align=center|7
|align=center|12
|align=center|11
|align=center|32
|align=center|31
|align=center|33
|align=center|Son 16
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Roni - 5
|align=left| Berdyev
|-
|align=center|2005
|align=center|4
|align=center|30
|align=center|14
|align=center|9
|align=center|7
|align=center|45
|align=center|31
|align=center|51
|align=center|Son 32
|align=center|UC
|align=center|2. Çeyrek final
|align=left| Čížek - 7
|align=left| Berdyev
|-
|align=center|2006
|align=center|5
|align=center|30
|align=center|13
|align=center|7
|align=center|10
|align=center|43
|align=center|37
|align=center|46
|align=center|Son 16
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Domínguez - 13
|align=left| Berdyev
|-
|align=center|2007
|align=center|10
|align=center|30
|align=center|10
|align=center|5
|align=center|15
|align=center|31
|align=center|39
|align=center|35
|align=center|Son 16
|align=center|UC IC
|align=center|1. Tur 3. Tur
|align=left| Ryazantsev - 5
|align=left| Berdyev
|-
|align=center|2008
|align=center bgcolor=gold|1
|align=center|30
|align=center|18
|align=center|6
|align=center|6
|align=center|44
|align=center|26
|align=center|60
|align=center|Son 16
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Bukharov - 6  Gökdeniz - 6  Noboa - 6
|align=left| Berdyev
|-
|align=center|2009
|align=center bgcolor=gold|1
|align=center|30
|align=center|19
|align=center|6
|align=center|5
|align=center|62
|align=center|21
|align=center|63
|align=center bgcolor=silver|Finalist
|align=center colspan=2|-
|align=left| Bukharov - 16  Domínguez - 16
|align=left| Berdyev
|-
|align=center|2010
|align=center colspan=8|TBD
|align=center|Son 32
|align=center|ECL EL
|align=center|Gruplar  Son 16
|align=left|
|align=left| Berdyev
|}

Avrupa kupaları tarihi
24 Temmuz 2010'a kadar

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 FK Rubin Kazan Resmî Ağ Sayfası

1958'de kurulan futbol kulüpleri
Rubin
Kazan'da spor

FK Rubin


An Gaimardia setacea in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Joseph Dalton Hooker. An Gaimardia setacea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gaimardia, ngan familia nga Centrolepidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Gaimardia

Gaimardia setacea


Nicasio Sangurima es un personaje de ficción, de la novela costumbrista "Los Sangurimas" escrita por el ecuatoriano José de la Cuadra.

Biografía

Nicasio Sangurima es el jefe de familia y propietario de la Hondura, es muy respetado por todos y de quien se dice tiene poder, riqueza, mujeres y dones tenebrosos gracias a un pacto con el Demonio. Es un montubio que pese a su avanzada edad es de aspecto fornido y saludable, además de afirmar ser hijo de un gringo que fue asesinado por su tío, por lo que su madre cobro venganza asesinándolo, y es por ella a la cual se debe su apellido de los Sangurimas de Balao.

Nicasio infunde respeto y temor por quienes lo conocen.

Enlaces externos

 Doce-Relatos-Los-Sangurimas
 José de la Cuadra
 Los-sangurimas-revisitados
 Los Sangurimas
 El folclore criminalístico en la novela 'Los Sangurimas'

Personajes de literatura
Personajes de Los Sangurimas
Ecuatorianos ficticios

Nicasio Sangurima


An Hierochloe helenae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni N.S. Probatova. An Hierochloe helenae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Hierochloe, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Primorye. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Hierochloe

Hierochloe helenae


වේල්සයෙහි ජෝර්ජ් කුමරු    (ජෝර්ජ් ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර් ලුයී; උපත 22 ජූලි 2013) යනු, විලියම් කුමරු, වේල්සයෙහි කුමරුගේ, සහ ඔහුගේ බිරිඳ   කැතරින්, වේල්සයෙහි කුමරියගේ පුත් කුමරුවා මෙන්ම, තෙවන චාල්ස් රජගේ සහ, මිය ගිය  ඩයනා, වේල්සයෙහි කුමරියගේ එකම මුනුපුරු/මිනිපිරියද වෙයි. ඔහුගේ පියාට පසුව, එක්සත් රාජධානියෙහි සිංහාසනයට සහ ස්වායත්ත  පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩල අධිකාරි ප්‍රදේශ 15 ක සිංහාසනයන් වෙත, ඔහුගේ සීයාගේ  අනුප්‍රාප්තික ලෙසින්  පත්වීමට උරුමකම් කියන දෙවැන්නා ඔහු වෙයි.

ආශ්‍රිත

සටහන්

එක්සත් රාජධානියේ කුමරුවෝ

වේල්සයෙහි ජෝර්ජ් කුමරු


Arethusa, monotipski rod kaćunovki u potporodici Epidendroideae, dio tribusa Arethuseae. Jedina vrsta je A. bulbosa, gomoljasti geofit iz Kanade i Sjedinjenih Država.

Sinonimi
 Orchidion Mitch.
 Stellorkis Thouars
 Arethusa bulbosa f. albiflora E.L.Rand & Redfield
 Arethusa bulbosa f. subcaerulea E.L.Rand & Redfield

Izvori

Arethuseae
Flora istočne Kanade
Flora na sjeveroistoku SAD-a

Arethusa


La  du Grand Prix du Morbihan (anciennement : Grand Prix de Plumelec-Morbihan) a lieu le . La course est une épreuve du calendrier UCI ProSeries 2022 en catégorie 1.Pro. C'est également une épreuve de la Coupe de France sur route.

Présentation

Parcours

Équipes participantes

Favoris

Résumé

Classement final

Classements et prix annexes
 Classement des sprints intermédiaires :
 Meilleur breton et morbihannais :

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Site officiel

2022
Cyclisme en France en 2022
Cyclisme sur route en 2022
Cyclisme en mai 2022
Sport en France en mai 2022

Grand Prix du Morbihan 2022


La route régionale 548 () est une route régionale allant de Suonenjoki jusqu'à Karttula à Kuopio  en Finlande.

Présentation
La seututie 548 est une route régionale de Savonie du Nord.

Parcours
 Suonenjoki
 Karsikonmäki
 Mustolanmäki
 Virmaanpää
 Vatilahti
 Karttula

Références

Annexes

Liens externes

Articles connexes
 Seututie

548

Transport à Suonenjoki
Transport à Kuopio

Seututie 548


مريخ-500  هي تجربة على الأرض تهدف لمحاكاة رحلة بشرية إلى المريخ وظروف الحياة على سطحه. التجربة تمت على ثلاث مراحل، في المرحلة الأولى قضى فريق من رواد الفضاء الروس 14 يومًا في المجمع الفضائي الأرضي الذي أقيم للتجربة، كان ذلك في نوفمبر 2007. في 31 مارس 2009 أجريت المرحلة الثانية من التجربة، يشارك فيها 6 متطوعين من روسيا وفرنسا وألمانيا، يقضون فيها 105 يومًا في المجمع الفضائي. تُجرى المرحلة الثالثة من التجربة في نهاية العام 2009، وستستمر هذه المرحلة لمدة 520 يومًا.

مراحل التجربة

المرحلة الأولى
دامت المرحلة الأولى 14 يومًا في شهر نوفمبر 2007. المتطوعون كانوا ستة من الروس، منهم رائدا فضاء فعليان، تكون الفريق من خمس رجال وامرأة واحدة. رواد الفضاء الفعليون هما الطبيب سيرجي ريازانسكي والمهندس أوليج أرتيمييف، ومهندسان أنطون أرتامونوف وألكسندر كوفاليوف، وطبيب واحد خبير في ممارسة الطب عن بعد، دميتري بيرفيلوف.

وأشارت مصادر في معهد البحوث الطبية والبيولوجية إلى أن هدف المرحلة الأولى من التجربة هو اختبار تطابق الخصائص التكنيكية والتشغيلية للحجرات الانفصالية وأجهزتها مع وثائق التقنية والتشغيل في ظروف مقاربة إلى أقصى حد مع التشغيل الفعلي. وقد نفذت التجربة في حجرتين منفصلتين من المجمع الطبي- التكنيكي، حجرة معيشة مساحتها 150 مترًا مكعبًا وحجرة طبية مساحتها 100 متر مكعب. وفي خلال فترة التجربة جرب الخبراء ورواد الفضاء منظومات الحياة والرقابة والتحكم وتوفير المعلومات بعد إعادة تشغيلها، وكذلك شبكة الاتصال الطبية المحلية. ويعتقد المسئولون عن التجربة أن الطاقم نفذ بنجاح المهام المناط بها إليه.

المرحلة الثانية
أجريت المرحلة الثانية من مريخ-500 في 31 مارس 2009، ودامت هذه المرحلة 105 يومًا. وشارك فيها 6 متطوعين، 4 من روسيا، وفرنسي، وألماني، والتالي عرض لهؤلاء المتطوعين الستة:
 أوليغ أرتيميف (رائد فضاء روسي)
 وسيرغي ريازانسكي (رائد فضاء روسي)
 ألكسي بارانوف (طبيب روسي)
 ألكسي شباكوف (أخصائي في التربية البدنية والفسيولوجيا روسي)
 سيريل فورنيه (طيار مدني فرنسي)
 أوليفير كينكيل (مهندس عسكري ألماني)

المرحلة الثالثة
تجرى هذه المرحلة في نهاية 2009، وتدوم لمدة 520 يومًا.

متطلبات
تم اختيار الفرق التي أدت التجربة من بين 5000 متقدم، واشترط في المتطوعين تحقق الشروط الآتية:
 أن يكون السن بين 25 و50.
 أن يكون المتقدم حائز على شهادة تعليم عال.
 من المتطلبات الاحترافية:
 إجادة الإسعافات الأولية
 عالم أحياء
 مهندس: متخصص في أنظمة دعم الحياة.
 مهندس: متخصص في تقنيات الحواسيب.
 مهندس: متخصص في الإلكترونيات.
 مهندس: ميكانيكي.
 مهارات لغوية: إجادة اللغتين الروسية والإنجليزية على مستوى الحرفية والمحادثات اليومية.

طالع أيضاً
 مارس ون

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الصفحة الرئيسية لموقع مريخ-500

مهام مأهولة إلى المريخ
المريخ
برامج رحلات فضائية بشرية

مريخ-500


La familia Huxley es una familia británica en la que varios de sus miembros se han destacado en campos tales como la ciencia, medicina, arte y literatura. Algunos miembros de esta familia también han ocupado puestos de relevancia en el servicio público del Reino Unido.

El patriarca de la familia fue el zoólogo y especialista en anatomía comparada Thomas Henry Huxley. Su hijo fue el escritor Leonard Huxley y entre sus nietos se encuentran:
 Aldous Huxley, escritor autor de las obras Un mundo feliz y Las puertas de la percepción.
 Julian Huxley, evolucionista y el primer director de UNESCO.
 Andrew Huxley, fisiólogo que fue distinguido con el Premio Nobel de Medicina en 1963.

Referencias

Véase también
 Familia Darwin–Wedgwood
 Intelectualismo
 Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature

Familia Huxley

Familia Huxley


Iris Oifigiúil (; "Official Journal") is the official gazette of the Government of Ireland. It replaced The Dublin Gazette, the gazette of the Dublin Castle administration, on 31 January 1922. The Belfast Gazette was established for the same purpose in the newly created Northern Ireland on 7 June 1921.

Iris Oifigiúil is sometimes referred to as the Irish State Gazette in English and has been issued twice weekly on Tuesdays and Fridays since 1922. Prima facie evidence on notices of government business are published in the newspaper; these include orders, rules, and proclamations.

The paper is published as a hard copy by the Office of Public Works. Since 2002, most contents are also published in the online edition.  An exception is notices of naturalization: these are required under the Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act 1956 but online publication was stopped in 2016 on data privacy grounds. At the same time, the search functionality was removed from the website.

See also
 The Dublin Gazette
 Irish Bulletin
 The London Gazette
 Dublin Historical Record 1953 Vol.XIII No.3.
 Official Journal of the European Union

References

External links
 Official site - Iris Oifigiúil

Newspapers published in the Republic of Ireland
Government gazettes

Iris Oifigiúil


«Faithfully» (en español: «Fielmente») es una power ballad interpretada por la banda de rock estadounidense Journey, publicado en su octavo álbum de estudio Frontiers (1983).

La canción fue escrita por Jonathan Cain y producida por Kevin Elson y co-producida por Mike Stone.

Vídeo musical
«Faithfully» muestra a varios miembros del grupo con sus familias durante la gira Frontiers Tour. Las escenas del documental fueron rodadas en Estadio JFK en Filadelfia, Pensilvania con más de 80000 seguidores.

Apariciones en otros medios
En el videojuego Mega Man para el NES en el nivel de Elecman sus estrofas son muy similares.
La canción fue utilizada en una escena de la barra en la película Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby.
La canción también fue una canción popular de baile en los Estados Unidos en la década de 1980.
La canción fue cantada por Jovit Baldivino en su audición para el Philipines Got Talent.
La canción fue utilizada en un episodio de The Game en la cuarta temporada.
La canción fue interpretada en el episodio Journey to Regionals de la serie de televisión Glee.
La banda rock costarricense Airliners toca una versión de esta canción.

Sencillos de 1983
Canciones de 1983
Sencillos de Journey
Canciones de Journey
Sencillos de CBS Records
Baladas de rock
Canciones en inglés

Faithfully (canción)


Peter Hofbauer ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Peter Hofbauer (Politiker) (1886–1962), österreichischer Bauer und Politiker (CS)
 Peter Hofbauer (Fernsehproduzent) (* 1946), österreichischer Fernsehproduzent, Theaterleiter und Musicalautor
 Peter Hofbauer (Basketballspieler) (* 1998), österreichischer Basketballspieler

Peter Hofbauer


U Airlines () era uma companhia aérea tailandêsa com sede em Banguecoque. Iniciou suas operações em abril de 2012. A U Airlines encerrou as suas atividades em 2014.

História
A U Airlines Co. Ltd. foi fundada em abril de 2012 por Serm Srisuwan como presidente da empresa. Em agosto de 2012, a U Airlines recebeu sua primeira aeronave, um Airbus A320-200 e o voo inaugural foi em 16 de setembro de 2012 de Bangkok-Yancheng.

Destinos

Frota
A frota da U Airlines consistia nas seguintes aeronaves:

Ver também

 Lista de companhias aéreas fora de operação

Ligações externas

 Sítio oficial

Extinções na Tailândia em 2014
Empresas aéreas extintas em 2014
Empresas aéreas fundadas em 2012

U Airlines


Rattlesnakes are venomous snakes that form the genera Crotalus and Sistrurus of the subfamily Crotalinae (the pit vipers). All rattlesnakes are vipers. Rattlesnakes are predators that live in a wide array of habitats, hunting small animals such as birds and rodents.

Rattlesnakes receive their name from the rattle located at the end of their tails, which makes a loud rattling noise when vibrated that deters predators. Rattlesnakes are the leading contributor to snakebite injuries in North America, but rarely bite unless provoked or threatened; if treated promptly, the bites are seldom fatal.

The 36 known species of rattlesnakes have between 65 and 70 subspecies, all native to the Americas, ranging from British Columbia through Ontario in southern Canada, to central Argentina. The largest rattlesnake, the eastern diamondback, can measure up to  in length.

Rattlesnakes are preyed upon by hawks, weasels, kingsnakes, and a variety of other species. Rattlesnakes are heavily preyed upon as neonates, while they are still weak and immature. Large numbers of rattlesnakes are killed by humans. Rattlesnake populations in many areas are severely threatened by habitat destruction, poaching, and extermination campaigns.

Etymology

The scientific name Crotalus is derived from the Greek κρόταλον, meaning "castanet". The name Sistrurus is the Latinized form of the Greek word for "tail rattler" (Σείστρουρος, seistrouros) and shares its root with the ancient Egyptian musical instrument the sistrum, a type of rattle.

Ecology

Range and habitat

Rattlesnakes are native to the Americas from southern Canada to central Argentina, with the majority of species inhabiting arid regions. The large majority of species live in the American Southwest and Mexico. Four species may be found east of the Mississippi River, and two in South America. In the United States, the state with the most types of rattlesnakes is Arizona, with 13.

Rattlesnakes are found in almost every habitat type capable of supporting terrestrial ectothermic vertebrates, but individual species may have extremely specific habitat requirements, living where certain plant associations occur or within a narrow range of elevations. Most species live near open, rocky areas. Rocks offer them cover from predators, plentiful prey (e.g. rodents, lizards, insects, etc. that live amidst the rocks), and open basking areas. However, rattlesnakes can also be found in a wide variety of other habitats, including prairies, marshes, deserts, and forests. Rattlesnakes prefer a temperature range between 80 and 90 °F (26 and 32 °C), but can survive temperatures below freezing, recovering from brief exposure to temperatures as low as 4 °F (−16 °C), and surviving for several days in temperatures as low as 37 °F (3 °C).

The most probable ancestral area of rattlesnakes is the Sierra Madre Occidental region in Mexico. The most probable vegetation or habitat of the ancestral area appears to be pine-oak forests.

Prey
Rattlesnakes typically consume mice, rats, rabbits, squirrels, small birds, and other small animals. They lie in wait for their prey, or hunt for it in holes. The rattlesnake's defence and hunting mechanisms are bound to its physiology and its environment. More importantly environmental temperature can influence the ability of ectotherms. The prey is killed quickly with a venomous bite as opposed to constriction. If the bitten prey moves away before dying, the rattlesnake can follow it by its scent. When it locates the fallen prey, it checks for signs of life by prodding with its snout, flicking its tongue, and using its sense of smell. Once the prey has become incapacitated, the rattlesnake locates its head by odors emitted from the mouth. The prey is then ingested head first, which allows wings and limbs to fold at the joints in a manner that minimizes the girth of the meal. The gastric fluids of rattlesnakes are extremely powerful, allowing for the digestion of flesh and bone. Optimal digestion occurs when the snake maintains a body temperature between 80 and 85 °F (25 and 29 °C). If the prey is small, the rattlesnake often continues hunting. If the meal was adequate, the snake finds a warm, safe location in which to coil up and rest until the prey is digested. Feeding habits play an important ecological role by limiting the size of rodent populations, which prevents crop damage and stabilizes ecosystems.

Hydration
Rattlesnakes are believed to require at least their own body weight in water annually to remain hydrated. The method by which they drink depends on the water source. In larger bodies of water (streams, ponds, etc.), they submerge their heads and ingest water by opening and closing their jaws, which sucks in water. If drinking dew or small puddles, they sip the liquid either by capillary action or by flattening and flooding their lower jaws.

Predators
Newborn rattlesnakes are heavily preyed upon by a variety of species, including cats, ravens, crows, roadrunners, raccoons, opossums, skunks, coyotes, weasels, whipsnakes, kingsnakes, and racers. Young of the smaller crotaline species are frequently killed and eaten by small predatory birds, such as jays, kingfishers, and shrikes. Some species of ants in the genus Formica are known to prey upon neonates, and  Solenopsis invicta (fire ants) likely do, as well. On occasion, hungry adult rattlesnakes cannibalize neonates. The small proportion (often as few as 20%) of rattlesnakes that make it to their second year are heavily preyed upon by a variety of larger predators, including coyotes, eagles, hawks, owls, falcons, feral pigs, badgers, indigo snakes, and kingsnakes.

The common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula), a constrictor, is immune to the venom of rattlesnakes and other vipers, and rattlesnakes form part of its natural diet. Rattlesnakes sense kingsnakes' presence by their odor. When they realize a kingsnake is nearby, they begin enacting a set of defensive postures known as "body bridging". Unlike its normal erect and coiled defensive-striking posture, the rattlesnake keeps its head low to the ground in an attempt to prevent the kingsnake from gaining a hold on it (the head being the first part of the rattlesnake to be ingested). The rattlesnake jerks its body about, while bridging its back upwards, forming an elevated coil that faces the kingsnake. The elevated coil is used to strike the attacker, and is also used to shield the head from the kingsnake.

Anatomy

Sensory organs
Like all pit vipers, rattlesnakes have two organs that can sense radiation; their eyes and a set of heat-sensing "pits" on their faces that enable them to locate prey and move towards it, based on the prey's thermal radiation signature. These pits have a relatively short effective range of about 1 ft, but give the rattlesnake a distinct advantage in hunting for warm-blooded creatures at night.

Heat-sensing pits

Aside from their eyes, rattlesnakes are able to detect thermal radiation emitted by warm-blooded organisms in their environment.  Functioning optically like a pinhole camera eye, thermal radiation in the form of infrared light passes through the opening of the pit and strikes the pit membrane located in the back wall, warming this part of the organ. Due to the high density of heat-sensitive receptors innervating this membrane, the rattlesnake can detect temperature changes of 0.003 °C or less in its immediate surroundings. Infrared cues from these receptors are transmitted to the brain by the trigeminal nerve, where they are used to create thermal maps of the snake's surroundings. Due to the small sizes of the pit openings, typically these thermal images are low in resolution and contrast. Nevertheless, rattlesnakes superimpose visual images created from information from the eyes with these thermal images from the pit organs to more accurately visualize their surroundings in low levels of light. Research conducted recently on the molecular mechanism of this ability suggests the temperature sensitivity of these pit organs is closely linked to the activity of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1, a temperature-sensitive ion channel saturated in the pit membrane.

Eyes

Rattlesnake eyes, which contain many rod cells, are well adapted to nocturnal use. Rattlesnakes, though, are not exclusively nocturnal, and their vision is more acute during daylight conditions. Rattlesnakes also possess cone cells, which means  they are capable of some form of color vision. The rattlesnake eye lacks a fovea, making vision of sharply defined images impossible. Instead, they mostly rely on the perception of movement. Rattlesnake eyes are capable of horizontal rotation, but they do not appear to move their eyeballs to follow moving objects.

Smell

Rattlesnakes have an exceptionally keen sense of smell. They can sense olfactory stimuli both through their nostrils and by flicking their tongues, which carry scent-bearing particles to the Jacobson's organs in the roof of their mouths.

Auditory system

Like all snakes, rattlesnakes lack external ear openings, and the structures of their middle ear are not as highly specialized as those of other vertebrates, such as mammals. Thus, their sense of hearing is not very effective, but they are capable of sensing vibrations in the ground, passed by the skeleton to the auditory nerve.

Fangs

Rattlesnake fangs are connected by venom ducts to large venom glands near the outer edge of the upper jaw, towards the rear of the head. When the rattlesnake bites, muscles on the sides of the venom glands contract to squeeze the venom through the ducts and into the fangs. When the fangs are not in use, they remain folded against the palate.

Rattlesnakes are born with fully functioning fangs and venom, and are capable of killing prey at birth. Adult rattlesnakes shed their fangs every 6–10 weeks. At least three pairs of replacement fangs lie behind the functional pair.

Venom
The venom is hemotoxic, destroying tissue, causing necrosis and coagulopathy (disrupted blood clotting). In the U.S., the tiger rattlesnake (C. tigris) and some varieties of the Mojave rattlesnake (C. scutulatus) also have a presynaptic neurotoxic venom component known as Mojave type A toxin, which can cause severe paralysis. Although it has a comparatively low venom yield, the venom toxicity of C. tigris is considered to be among the highest of all rattlesnake venoms, and among the highest of all snakes in the Western Hemisphere based on  studies conducted on laboratory mice. C. scutulatus is also widely regarded as producing one of the most toxic snake venoms in the Americas, based on  studies in laboratory mice.

Rattlesnake venom is a mixture of five to fifteen enzymes, various metal ions, biogenic amines, lipids, free amino acids, proteins, and polypeptides. It contains components evolved to immobilize and disable the prey, as well as digestive enzymes, which break down tissue to prepare for later ingestion. The venom is very stable, and retains its toxicity for many years in storage.

Older snakes possess more potent venom, and larger snakes are frequently capable of storing larger volumes of it.

Rattle

The rattle serves as a warning for predators of the rattlesnake. The rattle is composed of a series of hollow, interlocked segments made of keratin, which are created by modifying the scales that cover the tip of the tail. The contraction of special "shaker" muscles in the tail causes these segments to vibrate against one another, thus making the rattling noise (which is amplified because the segments are hollow) in a behavior known as tail vibration. The muscles which cause rattling are some of the fastest known, firing 50 times per second on average, sustainable for a duration up to three hours.

In 2016, Allf et al published a paper proposing behavioral plasticity as the mechanism by which the rattling system evolved in rattlesnakes. In the case of rattlesnakes, Allf et al proposed that tail vibration in response to predator threat could be the precursor for the rattling system in rattlesnakes, an example of behavioral plasticity. To investigate this hypothesis, the researchers analyzed tail vibration and relatedness to rattlesnakes among snakes in the families Viperidae and Colubridae. Their results demonstrated that the more closely related a species was to rattlesnakes, the more similar that species was to rattlesnakes in both duration and rate of tail vibration. These results strongly support the hypothesis that tail vibration preceded the rattling system as a behavior and allowed for the rattle to be selected for once developed. Even a small, underdeveloped rattle early in the evolution of the rattling system could have been advantageous if tail vibration was an ancestral behavior.

At birth, a "prebutton" is present at the tip of the snake's tail; it is replaced by the "button" several days later when the first skin is shed. However, no sound can be made by the rattle until a second segment is added when the skin is shed again. A new rattle segment is added each time the snake sheds its skin, and the snake may shed its skin several times a year, depending on food supply and growth rate.

Rattlesnakes travel with their rattles held up to protect them from damage, but in spite of this precaution, their day-to-day activities in the wild still cause them to regularly break off end segments. Because of this, the number of rattles on its tail is not related to the age of a rattlesnake.

Compared to females, males have thicker and longer tails (because they contain the inverted hemipenes). Also, the tails of males taper gradually from the body, whereas the tails of females narrow abruptly at the vent.

Skin and circulation
Rattlesnakes, like other members of the Squamata order, have a circulatory system that is powered by a three-chambered heart composed of two atria and one ventricle. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from veins coming from the systemic circuit. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs in the pulmonary circuit and pumps it to the ventricle and through the systemic circuit via capillaries and arteries.

Rattlesnake skin has  a set of overlapping scales that cover the entire body, providing protection from a variety of threats, including dehydration and physical trauma. The typical rattlesnake, genus Crotalus, has the top of its head covered with small scales, except, with a few species, a few crowded plates directly over the snout.  The skin of snakes is highly sensitive to contact, tension, and pressure; they are capable of feeling pain.

An important function of the skin is the sensation of changes in air temperature, which can guide the snakes towards warm basking/shelter locations. All snakes are ectotherms. To maintain a stable body temperature, they exchange heat with their external environments. Snakes often move into open, sunny areas to absorb heat from the sun and warmed earth, a behavior known as basking. Nerves in the skin regulate the flow of blood into the veins near the surface.

The skin of rattlesnakes is intricately patterned in a manner that camouflages them from their predators. Rattlesnakes do not generally have bright or showy colors (reds, yellows, blues, etc.), instead relying on subtle earth tones that resemble the surrounding environment.

Creases in the epidermal tissue connect the scales of rattlesnakes. When ingesting large prey, these creases can unfold, allowing the skin to expand to envelop a much greater volume. The skin appears to tightly stretch to accommodate the meal, but in reality, the skin is simply smoothing out from its creased state and is not under very high tension.

Reproduction

Most rattlesnake species mate during the summer or fall, while some species mate only in the spring, or during both the spring and fall.

Females secrete small amounts of sex pheromones, which leave a trail the males follow using their tongues and Jacobson's organs as  guides. Once a receptive female has been located, the male  often spends several days following her around (a behavior not common outside of the mating season), frequently touching and rubbing her in an attempt to stimulate her.

The males of some species, such as timber rattlesnakes (C. horridus), fight each other during the mating season, in competition over females. These fights, known as "combat dances", consist of the two males intertwining the anterior portion of their bodies, often with their heads and necks held vertically. The larger males usually end up driving the smaller males away.

Although many kinds of snakes and other reptiles are oviparous (lay eggs), rattlesnakes are ovoviviparous (give birth to live young after carrying eggs inside). The female produces the ova ("eggs") in her ovaries, after which they pass through her body cavity and into one of her two oviducts. The ova are arranged in a continuous chain in a coiled section of the oviduct, known as the "tuba". Male rattlesnakes have sexual organs known as hemipenes, located in the base of the tail. The hemipenis is retracted inside of the body when mating is not occurring. The hemipenis is similar to the human penis. Females can store semen for months in internal recesses known as spermathecae, which permits them to mate during the fall, but not fertilize the ova until the following spring. The Arizona black rattlesnake (C. oreganus cerberus), has been observed to exhibit complex social behavior reminiscent of that in mammals. Females often remain with their young in nests for several weeks, and mothers have been observed co-operatively parenting their broods.

Rattlesnakes generally take several years to mature, and females usually reproduce only once every three years.

Brumation
In the colder winter months, some rattlesnake species enter a period of brumation, which is dormancy similar to hibernation.
They often gather together for brumation in  large numbers (sometimes over 1,000 snakes), huddling together inside underground "rattlesnake dens" or hibernacula. They regularly share their winter burrows with a wide variety of other species (such as turtles, small mammals, invertebrates, and other types of snakes).

Rattlesnakes often return to the same den, year after year, sometimes traveling several miles to get there. How the rattlesnakes find their way back to the dens each year is unknown, but may involve a combination of pheromone trails and visual cues (e.g., topography, celestial navigation, and solar orientation).

Species with long periods of brumation tend to have much lower reproductive rates than those with shorter brumation periods or those that do not brumate at all. Female timber rattlesnakes in high peaks in the Appalachian Mountains of New England reproduce every three years on average; the lance-headed rattlesnake (C. polystictus), native to the warm climate of Mexico, reproduces annually.

Like most other snakes, rattlesnakes aestivate during very hot or dry periods, which is why they are rarely seen during the hottest and driest months of summer.

Conservation status
Rattlesnakes tend to avoid developed areas, preferring undisturbed, natural habitats. Rapid habitat destruction by humans, mass killings during events such as rattlesnake round-ups, and deliberate extermination campaigns all pose threats to rattlesnake populations in many areas. Several species, such as the timber rattlesnake, massasauga, and canebrake rattlesnake, are listed as threatened or endangered in many U.S. states.

Many rattlesnakes die from being run over by cars.

In more heavily populated and trafficked areas, reports have been increasing of rattlesnakes that do not rattle. This phenomenon is falsely attributed to selective pressure by humans, who often kill the snakes when they are discovered. However, snake experts have dismissed this theory, stating that snakes simply do not rattle as often as laymen expect them to, and that snakes that live near populated areas simply get used to people passing by, only rattling when a person lingers too long or gets too close.

Safety and first aid

Rattlesnakes are the leading cause of snakebite injuries in North America and a significant cause in Central and South America.

Avoiding bites
Rattlesnakes tend to avoid wide-open spaces where they cannot hide from predators, and generally avoid humans if they are aware of their approach. Rattlesnakes rarely bite unless they feel threatened or provoked. A majority of victims (about 72%) are males. Around half of bites occur in cases where the victim saw the snake, yet made no effort to move away.

Harassing or attacking a rattlesnake, illegal in some jurisdictions, puts one at much higher risk of a bite. Rattlesnakes seek to avoid humans and other predators or large herbivores that themselves pose lethal danger. Dogs, often much more aggressive than humans, are much more likely to experience a snakebite, and are more likely to die of a rattlesnake bite. Dogs can be vaccinated against rattlesnake bites.

Caution is advised even when snakes are believed to be dead; rattlesnake heads can sense, flick the tongue, and inflict venomous bites reflexively for up to an hour after being severed from the body.

Effect of bites on humans

An estimated 7,000 to 8,000 people are bitten by venomous snakes in the United States each year, with about five deaths. The most important factor in survival following a severe envenomation is the time elapsed between the bite and treatment. Most deaths occur between 6 and 48 hours after the bite. If antivenom treatment is given within two hours of the bite, the probability of recovery is greater than 99%.

When a bite occurs, the amount of venom injected is under voluntary control by the snake. The amount released depends on a variety of factors, including the condition of the snake (e.g., having long, healthy fangs and a full venom sack) and its temperament (an angry, hungry snake that has just been stepped on vs. a satiated snake that was merely surprised by walking near it). About 20% of bites result in no envenomation at all. A lack of burning pain and edema  away from the fang marks after one hour suggests either no or minimal envenomation occurred. A lack of edema or erythema in the area of the bite after eight hours indicates a lack of envenomation for most rattlesnake bites.

Common symptoms include swelling, severe pain, tingling, weakness, anxiety, nausea and vomiting, hemorrhaging, perspiration, and (rarely) heart failure. Local pain following envenomation is often intense, increasing with the ensuing edema. Children generally experience more severe symptoms because they receive a larger amount of venom per unit of body mass.

Antivenom
Antivenom, or antivenin, is commonly used to treat the effects of local and systemic pit viper envenomations. The first step in the production of crotaline antivenom is collecting ("milking") the venom of a live rattlesnake—usually from the western diamondback (Crotalus atrox), eastern diamondback (Crotalus adamanteus), South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissis terrificus), or fer-de-lance (Bothrops atrox). The extracted venom is then diluted and injected into horses, goats, or sheep, whose immune systems produce antibodies that protect from the toxic effects of the venom. These antibodies accumulate in the blood, which is then extracted and centrifuged to separate the red blood cells. The resulting serum is purified into a lyophilized powder, which is packaged for distribution and later use by human patients.

Because antivenom is derived from animal antibodies, people generally display an allergic response during infusion, known as serum sickness.

Veterinary care
In the United States, more than 15,000 domesticated animals are bitten by snakes each year. Rattlesnake envenomations account for 80% of the deadly incidents.

Dogs are most commonly bitten on the front legs and head. Horses generally receive bites on the muzzle, and cattle on their tongues and muzzles. If a domesticated animal is bitten, the hair around the bite should be removed so the wound can be clearly seen. The crotaline Fab antivenom has been shown to be effective in the treatment of canine rattlesnake bites. Symptoms include swelling, slight bleeding, sensitivity, shaking, and anxiety.

In human culture

Spirituality

Indigenous Americans
Aztec paintings, Central American temples, and the great burial mounds in the Southern United States are frequently adorned with depictions of rattlesnakes, often within the symbols and emblems of the most powerful deities.

The Feathered Serpent of Mesoamerican religion was depicted as having the combined features of the quetzal and rattlesnake. The Ancient Maya considered the rattlesnake to be a "vision serpent" that acted as a conduit to the "otherworld".

Rattlesnakes are a key element in Aztec mythology and were widely represented in Aztec art, including sculptures, jewelry, and architectural elements.

Christian snake-handling sects

Members of some Christian sects in the Southern United States are regularly bitten while participating in "snake handling" rituals. Snake handling is when people hold venomous snakes, unprotected, as part of a religious service inspired by a literal interpretation of the Bible verses Mark 16:17–18, which reads, "In my name ... They shall take up serpents ...."

In traditional medicine
Meriwether Lewis of the Lewis and Clark Expedition described in 1805 how a hired interpreter, who lived for 15 years with the Mandan, used the rattlesnake's rattle to speed up the delivery of Sacagewea's son Jean Baptiste Charbonneau:

As food
Journalist Alistair Cooke claimed that rattlesnake tastes "just like chicken, only tougher". Others have compared the flavor to a wide range of other meats, including veal, frog, tortoise, quail, fish, rabbit, and even canned tuna. Methods of preparation include barbecueing and frying; author Maud Newton, following a recipe by Harry Crews, described the taste, "at least when breaded and fried, like a sinewy, half-starved tilapia."

Symbolism

The rattlesnake became a symbolic animal for the Colonials during the Revolutionary War period, and is depicted prominently on the Gadsden Flag. It continues to be used as a symbol by the United States military, and political movements within the United States.

See also
 List of crotaline species and subspecies

References

Sources

Further reading

 Dalstrom, Harl A. "'Snake Hunting Has Been Shamefully Neglected': A. M. Jackly and Rattlesnake Abatement in South Dakota," South Dakota History 43 (Fall 2013), 177–217.
 Hubbs, Brian & Brendan O'Connor (2012). A Guide to the Rattlesnakes and other Venomous Serpents of the United States. Tricolor Books. Tempe, Arizona. .

External links

 "Climate Changes Faster Than Species Can Adapt, Rattlesnake Study Finds", Science Daily, Dec. 05, 2011
 Justin's Rattlesnake Bite

Snake common names
Snakes of North America
Venomous snakes
Reptiles of Sindh
Articles containing video clips

sv:Skallerormar

Rattlesnake


Werner Strunk (* 7. Oktober 1952) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

1973 kam Strunk zum SSV Reutlingen 05, der in der Saison 1973/74 als Absteiger in der 1. Amateurliga Schwarzwald-Bodensee spielte. In dieser Spielzeit gewann Werner Strunk mit dem SSV Reutlingen die Württembergische Amateurmeisterschaft und wurde in der anschließenden Endrunde um die Deutsche Amateurmeisterschaft 1974 mit den Reutlingern Deutscher Amateurmeister. In der Schwarzwald-Bodensee-Liga 1974/75 wurde Strunk mit dem SSV Reutlingen Meister und sicherte sich mit seiner Mannschaft in der anschließenden Aufstiegsrunde zur 2. Bundesliga durch 5 Siege in 6 Gruppenspielen den Aufstieg in den Profifußball. Werner Strunk absolvierte in der Saison 1975/76 30 Profispiele für den SSV in der 2. Bundesliga Süd und erzielte dabei einen Treffer. Am Ende dieser Saison stieg er mit dem SSV ab.

Weblinks

Fußballspieler (SSV Reutlingen 05)
Deutscher
Geboren 1952
Mann

Werner Strunk


Anna Alexandrowna Sorokina (; * 10. März 1990 in Magnitogorsk, Oblast Tscheljabinsk) ist eine russische Skirennläuferin.

Biografie
Sorokina nahm in der Saison 2005/2006 erstmals an FIS-Rennen und nationalen Meisterschaften in ihrem Heimatland teil und startete im nächsten Winter erstmals außerhalb Russlands, unter anderem beim European Youth Olympic Festival 2007 im spanischen Jaca, wo sie allerdings sowohl im Slalom als auch im Riesenslalom ausschied. Ab 2007 nahm sie auch an Juniorenweltmeisterschaften teil, bei denen sie sich meist im Mittelfeld platzierte. Ihr bestes Ergebnis war der 15. Platz in der Kombination 2008 bzw. in Einzelrennen der 23. Platz im Super-G 2010.

Zu Beginn des Jahres 2008 nahm Sorokina erstmals an Rennen im Europacup teil, fast im gesamten nächsten Winter 2008/2009 musste sie jedoch verletzungsbedingt pausieren. Bisher konnte Sorokina nur selten im Europacup punkten. Zum ersten Mal gelang ihr das mit Platz 19 im Indoor-Slalom im alpincenter Hamburg-Wittenburg am 20. November 2009, das nächste Mal erst am 10. Februar 2012 mit Platz 11 im Slalom von Bad Wiessee. In anderen Kontinentalcups war Sorokina bereits erfolgreicher. So erreichte sie im Nor-Am Cup mehrere Top-10-Ergebnisse, darunter ein dritter Platz in der Super-Kombination von Nakiska am 8. Dezember 2011, und im Australia New Zealand Cup drei Siege im September 2011.

Nach drei Juniorenweltmeisterschaften nahm Sorokina im Februar 2011 erstmals an einer Großveranstaltung in der Allgemeinen Klasse, der Weltmeisterschaften 2011 in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, teil. Sie startete nur im Super-G und belegte den 33. Platz unter 38 gewerteten Läuferinnen. Seit der Saison 2011/12 ist Sorokina auch im Weltcup am Start. Nachdem sie sich zunächst in fünf Slalomrennen nicht für den zweiten Durchgang qualifizieren konnte, kam sie am 21. Februar 2012 dank einer Wildcard für das Veranstalterland beim City Event in Moskau zum Einsatz, wo sie zwar in der ersten Runde ausschied, aber mit dem geteilten neunten Platz ihre ersten Weltcuppunkte gewann. Elf Monate später erhielt sie erneut eine Wildcard, kam aber wiederum nicht über die erste Runde hinaus.

Erfolge

Weltmeisterschaften
 Garmisch-Partenkirchen 2011: 33. Super-G

Juniorenweltmeisterschaften
 Flachau 2007: 40. Slalom
 Formigal 2008: 15. Kombination, 34. Abfahrt, 39. Slalom, 56. Super-G, 64. Riesenslalom
 Mont Blanc 2010: 23. Super-G, 24. Abfahrt, 60. Riesenslalom

Weltcup
 2 Platzierungen unter den besten zehn

Weitere Erfolge
 Russische Meisterin in der Super-Kombination 2011 und im Slalom 2012
 2 Top-20-Platzierungen im Europacup
 1 Podestplatz im Nor-Am Cup
 3 Siege im Australia New Zealand Cup
 5 Siege in FIS-Rennen

Weblinks

 Steckbrief auf der Website des Russischen Ski- und Snowboardverbandes (russisch)

Alpiner Skirennläufer (Russland)
Russischer Meister (Ski Alpin)
Teilnehmer einer Alpinen Skiweltmeisterschaft
Russe
Geboren 1990
Frau

Anna Alexandrowna Sorokina


ස්වාධීන රටවල් අතර රාජ්‍ය දූත සබඳතා සඳහා පාදක ව්‍යුහය නියමකරනලද අන්තර්ජාතික ගිවිසුම ක්‍රි.ව.1961 රාජ්‍ය දූත සබඳතා පිලිබඳ වියානා ප්‍රඥප්තිය වේ.

සීතල යුද්ධ සමයේ ගිවිසුම්


පාලටුව ගුණරතන මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලය (සාමාන්‍යයෙන්  හදුන්වන නම - ගුණරතන විද්‍යාලය) ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජයේ පාසලකි. එය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ  මාතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පාලටුව ප්‍රදේශයේ පිහිටා ඇත.
උනැල්ල ශ්‍රී නාගාරාම පුරාණ විහාරස්ථානයේ විහාරාධිපතිව වැඩසිටි ගුණරතන මාහිමියන්ගේ  ආදිකතෘත්වයෙන් 1926 වර්ෂයේදී  පෞද්ගලික බෞද්ධ පාඨශාලාවක් ලෙස විද්‍යාලයක් අරඹන ලදී.

ගුණරතන විද්‍යාලය දක්ෂිණ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දීර්ඝතම ඉතිහාසයක් ඇති පාසල් බෞද්ධ පාසල් වලින් එකකි. මෙම විද්‍යාලය මේ වන විට රජයේ මෙහෙයවීමට අනුගත පළාත් පාසලක් වන්නේ ය.  අකුරැස්ස මාතර මර්ගය අසල පාලටුව නම් ගම්මානය මැද කදු මුදුනක පිහිටා ඇති මෙම විද්‍යාලය සුන්දර පරිසරයකින් යුක්ත කීර්තිමත් පාසලකි. මෙම විදාලය රජයේ මිශ්‍ර පාසලක් ලෙස ක්‍රියාත්මක වේ. ගුණරතන විද්‍යාලය 1920 බෞද්ධ පුනරුදයත් සමඟ ආරම්භ කරන ලදි. මුලින්ම උපකෘත සිංහල පාසලක් ලෙස ඇරබි මෙම විද්‍යාලයේ පුරෝගාමීත්වය දරන ලද්දේ උනැල්ල ශ්‍රී නාගාරාම පුරාණ විහාරස්ථානයේ විහාරාධිපතිව වැඩවිසු ගුණරතන මාහිමියන් විසින්ය.

දැනට මෙම විද්‍යාලයේ සිසුන් 2500 කට අධික ප්‍රමාණයක් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබන අතර, ප්‍රාතමික අංශයේ සිට ද්විතික අංශය දක්වා මෙහිදි අධ්‍යාපනය හැදෑරීමට අවකාශ තිබේ. පුහුණු පළපුරුදු ගුරුවරුන් 130 කට අධික ප්‍රමාණයක් දැනට මෙම විද්‍යාලයේ ශිල්ප ශ්‍රාස්ත්‍ර  ඉගැන්වීමේ නිරතව සිටී. </font></big></big>

ගුණරතන විද්‍යාලයේ ඉතිහාසය

පාසල් ගීතය

ලක් දෙරණත ජය දද නංවා

පාලටුවේ ගුණරතන ප විදුහල්

මාතා සැරදේවා

සෙනෙහස දනවා - විදු අම කිරි දී

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සිසු දරු කැළ නිති නිසි මග මගවා

සියවිය සවිය යොදා

ලක් දෙරණත ජය දද නංවා ....

නව පණ ලැබ පිබිදෙමු අපි ඔබ නම

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බස රැස දෙස සමය වවා

ලක් දෙරණත ජය දද නංවා .....

වියතුන් වී - සමතුන් වී

ඔබෙ නම සුරකිමු - ඔබ හට දිවි දෙමු

නමදිමු අපි මාතා

ලක් දෙරණත ජය දද නංවා .....

පාසලේ ඉතිහාසය

1920 දශකයේ ඇති වු බෞද්ධ ප්‍රබෝධයේ ප්‍රථිඵලයක් ලෙස පාලටුව ගුණරතන බෞද්ධ විද්‍යාලයේ මුල් බීජය රෝපනය කරනු ලැබුයේ උනැල්ල ශ්‍රී
නාගාරාම විහාරස්ථානයේ විහාරාධිපතිව වැඩ සිටි අති ගෞරවනීය ඇටැම්පල ගුණරතන මාහිමියන් විසින්ය. උන් වහන්සේ උනැල්ල ගම්මානයේ දායක කාරකාධින්ගේද උදවු ඇතිව 1924 දී පොල් අතු සහ ලී දඩු ගෙනවිත් පාලටුව බෞද්ධෝදය පිරිවෙන ආසන්නයේ පාසලක් ආරම්භ කළා. ඒක කටුමැටි ගසා පොල්අතු සෙවිලි කළ කුඩා මඩුවක් හා සමානයි. ඒකට ඇතුළත් කළ මුල්ම ශිෂ්යියන් කීපදෙනා අතුරින්  අත්තුඩාවේ සිරි රාහුල මහ නාහිමි   (ගිහි නම දයානන්ද), වත්මන් ජනාධිපති මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මැතිතුමාගේ මෑණියන් වන දන්දිනා සමරසිංහ දිසානායක මැතිණිය, සිටියා. මුල්ම ප්‍රධානාචාර්යවරයා වුණේ ඩබ්ලිව්. එච්. එස්. ජයවර්ධන මහත්මයා. ඒ පාසල අද පාලටුව ගුණරතන මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලය නමින් ප්‍රදේශයේ කීර්තිමත් අංගසම්පූර්ණ විද්‍යාලයක් බවට වී තිබේ.

මෙම විද්‍යාලයේ ආරම්භක යුගය ආනන්ද විද්‍යාලය, නාලන්ද විද්‍යාලය, රාහුල විද්‍යාලය, වැනි බෞද්ධ ප්‍රබෝධයත් සමඟ ඇරබි බෞද්ධ විද්‍යාල ගනයට අයත් වන අතර එකල ආනන්ද විද්‍යාලය සමඟ සෘජු සම්බන්දතා පැවති බවටද සාධක තිබේ. මෙම විද්‍යාලයේ බුදු මැදුර තුල ඇති බුද්ධ ප්‍රතිමාව එදා ආනන්ද විද්‍යාලයේ සිට පෙරහැරකින් මෙම විද්‍යාලයට වඩම්මා ඇති බවට සාධක තිබේ. මෙම විද්‍යාලය සම්බන්දව එකල , ලංකාවේ සිටි ටිබෙට් ජාතික එස්. මහින්ද හිමිපානන් වහන්සේ පවා කවි ලියා ඇති බවට විද්‍යාලයීය ඉතිහාසය සාක්ෂි දරයි.

ස්වේඡ්ඡාවෙන් ඇරබි මෙම විද්‍යාලය රජයේ ආධාර ලබන උපකෘත සිංහල පාසලක් ලෙස පවත්වාගෙන යන්නට විය. නොයෙක් දුෂ්කරතා මැද විවිධ විදුහල්පතිවරුන්ගේ නායකත්වය යටතේ පවත්වාගෙන ආ මෙම විද්‍යාලය 1960 දශකයේදී ශ්‍රී ලංකා රජයට පවරාගෙන අමාත්‍යාංශ පාලනයට නතු කරන ලදි. මෙම යුගයේ විදුහල්පති ධූරය හෙබවු අතුරලියේ ඉන්ද්‍රරතන ස්ථවිරයන් වහන්සේගේ කැපවීම සහ උනන්දුව මත ප්‍රදේශයේ ද්දුලන පාසලක් බවට පත්වී තිබේ. මෙම කාලයේ මාතර අකුරැස්ස වැනි ඈත ගම්පළාත් වලින් පවා ශිෂ්‍ය ශීෂ්‍යාවන් මෙම විද්‍යාලයට පැමිණි බවට ඉතිහාසය සාක්ෂී දරයි. මෙම කාලයේ විද්‍යාලයේ සිර මාතර නගරය දක්වා පාසල් බස් සේවයක්ද පැවති බවට සාධක තිබේ.

එතැන් පටන් භෞතික සම්පත් වලින් මෙන්ම මානව සම්පත් වලින්ද සීග්‍රයෙන් පෝෂනය ලැබු මෙම විද්‍යාලය 1980 දශකයේදී මහ විද්‍යාලයක තත්වයට උසස් කරන ලදි. පසුබ පර්ෂද මහ විදුහලක් වශයෙන් ද නැවත 1998 වර්ෂයේදී මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලයක් වශයෙන්ද උසස් කරන ලදි. 2000 වර්ෂයේදී විද්‍යාලයේ ම ආදි සිසුවකු වු යෝගා රත්නවිභූෂණ මහතා විදුහල්පති ධූරය හෙබවු අතර මෙම කාලයේදී විද්‍යාලයේ මහල් ගොඩනැගිලි ඉදිවෙමින් විද්‍යාලයේ පරිසරය අලංකාර වෙමින් සංවර්ධනය වන්නට විය. එතැන් පටන් භෞතික සහ මානව සම්පත් සීග්‍රයෙන් සංවර්ධනය කරමින් ප්‍රදේශයේ දූ දරුවන්ට සිය අධ්‍යාපන පිපාසාව සංසිදුවන්නටත් ජාතියට උතුම් සත්පුරුෂ මානව සම්පතක් ගොඩනගන්නටත් විදු මෑණියන් නොසැලී පවතින්නේය.

වත්මන් ජනාධිපති මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මැතිතුමාගේ උපන් ගම පාලටුව වන අතර එතුමාගේ මෑණියන් අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබුවේද මෙම ගුණරතන විද්‍යාලයෙනි. වත්මන් ජනාධිපති මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මැතිතුමා 2011 - 03 - 24දින සීය මෑණියන්ගේ සිහිවීම පිණිස දන්දිනා සමරසිංහ දිසානායක ප්‍රසාද ශාලාව නමින් තෙමහල් ගොඩනැගිල්ලක් ඉදිකර විවෘත කර සිසු අයිතියට පවරා දෙන ලදි.

ටිබෙට් ජාතික එස්. මහින්ද හිමි  ගුණරතනයට ලියූ කවි

ළමයිනි නුඹලා කාටත් එකක් මම කියන්නම්

හොඳට අහගනිල්ලා ඒක පාඩම් කරපල්ලා

වටවුණු මුහුදින් මේ වාසනාවන්ත දීපේ

ඉපදුනු නුඹලා නම් වාසනාවන්තයෝ මැයි

මහ මුහුද හැදෙන්නේ පුංචි ගංගා ගලාලයි

ගඟේ උපතවන්නේ උල්පතයි කන්ද පල්ලේ

මෙලෙස ලොව තිබෙන්නා වු බොහො දේ බැලුවොත්

බොහොම ලොකුය ඒවායේ පටන් ගැන්ම පුංචිස්

කුළුගෙඩිය බලාපල්ලා ඉතාමත් ම පුංචිස්

මහ ලොකු කළුගල් සීසිකඬේ ඉන් කැඩෙන්නේ

ළමයිනි උඹලාටත් බෝම දේවල් කළෑකි

සමගිය විතරක් මැයි ඊට ඕනෑ කරන්නේ

-ටිබෙට් ජාතික එස්. මහින්ද හිමි, අකුරැසුස පොරතොටදී ලියන ලදි -

ටිබෙට් ජාතික එස්. මහින්ද හිමි යන් විසින් රචිත මෙම කවි පංතිය 1932 දී පාලටුව ගුණරතන විද්‍යාලයේ පද්මය සඟරාව පලකරන ලදි. මෙම කවි පංතිය එකල විවහාර භාෂාවෙන් ලියා ඇති අතර සංස්කරණයකින් තොරව ඉහත දක්වා ඇත. මෙම කවි පංතිය ටිබෙට් ජාතික එස්. මහින්ද හිමියන් විද්‍යාලයේ නිර්මාතෘ වු උනැල්ල ශ්‍රී නාගාරාමාධිපතිව වැඩ සිටි ගුණරතන මාහිමියන් අතර ඉතා කිට්ටු සම්බන්දතාවයක් පැවැති බවට සාක්ෂියකි.

දැය පුබුදුවාලූ එස්. මහින්ද හිමි .

විදුහල්පතිවරු

ක්‍රීඩා නිවාස
ක්‍රීඩා නිවාස සහ වර්ණ

සමිති සහ සංගම්
 බෞද්ධ සංගමය
 ශිෂ්‍ය නායක සංගමය
 බාලදක්ෂ සමාජය
 තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණ සමාජය
 වාණිජ සංගමය
 කථික සමාජය
 ඉංග්‍රීසි සාහිත්‍ය සංගමය
 පරිසර සංගමය
 පුරාවිද්‍යා සංගමය
 සිංහ සමාජය
 ගණිත සංගමය
 සංගීත කවය
 ඡායාරූප කලා සංසදය
 දැණුම මිනුම සමාජය
 නව නිපයුම් ඒකකය
 ශිෂ්‍ය භට බලකාය

ක්‍රීඩා

ආදි ශිෂ්‍ය සංගමය (Old Student Association) 2010 - 2011
සභාපති       : බණ්ඩාර මහතා  (වත්මන් විදුහල්පති)
ලේකම්      : ජී. ඩබ්ලිව්. නාමල් සංධ්‍ය කුමාර මහතා
භාණ්ඩාගාරික       : ඩබ්ලිව්. ඒ. චමින්ද කුමාර මහතා
ප්‍රධාන සංවිායක      :
උප සභාපතිවරු :
 ලේන්දුව ලොකුගේ ජනක සඳරුවන් මහතා
 ජී. ඩබ්ලිව්. ප්‍රසන්න මහතා
කාරක සභාව :
 එච්. කේ. සුදත් මහතා
 එච්. එල්. ලක්සිරිබනුදු මහතා
 කේ. එම්. එල්. ශාන්තප්‍රිය මහතා
 පී. එම්. සුමිත් ප්‍රසන්න මහතා

පාසල් සංවර්ධන කමිටුව (SDC) 2011 - 2013

සභාපති       : බණ්ඩාර මහතා (වත්මන් විදුහල්පති)
ලේකම්      : ජී. ඩබ්ලිව්. නාමල් සංධ්‍ය කුමාර මහතා (ආදි ශිෂ්‍ය)
භාණ්ඩාගාරික     : එම්. ජී. සංධ්‍යා රංජනී මහත්මිය

කාරක සභාව :
 අයි. එම්. එල්. පත්මිණී ගුරු මහත්මිය
 එස්. වික්‍රමතුංග ගුරු මහත්මිය
 එන්. ආර්. කේ. රංජනී ගුරු මහත්මිය
 වී. ධම්මිකාහේවා ගුරු මහත්මිය
 කේ. එම්. එල්. ශාන්තප්‍රිය මහතා (ආදි ශිෂ්‍ය)
 එච්. එන්. මනෝරි මාවීදෙනිය මහත්මිය
 රත්නසිරි වනිගරත්න මහතා
 එස්. කේ. වෙත්තසිංහ මහතා
 එච්. ඒ. රුවන් චමින්ද මහතා

ඡායා රූ

බාහිර සබැදි
 කීර්තිමත් ආදි ශිෂ්‍ය සිරිසේන විජේසිරිවර්ධන
 පාසල්වලට දක්‍ෂ ගුරුවරුන් නොදී දරුවන්ට "විෂය බෑ" කීම වැරදියි
 ජනපති පාලටුව ගුණරතන විද්‍යාලයේදී කියයි
 ජනාධිපති මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මහතා අතින් දන්දිනා සමරසිංහ දිසානායක ශාලාව විවෘත කිරීම
 පාසල් පිහිටීම
 ජනාධිපති පාලටුව ගුණරතන විද්‍යාලයේ
 ජනාධිපති මහින්ද රාජපක්ෂ මහතාගේ මෑණියන් සිහිවීම පිනිස දන්දිනා සමරසිංහ දිසානායක ශාලාව විවෘත කිරීම
 අධ්‍යාපන ගොඩනැගිලි සංකීර්ණය විවෘත කරමින්
 ජනපති පාලටුව ගුණරතන විදුහලේ
 අනාගත පරපුර වෙනුවෙන් පාසල් සංවර්ධනය
 දන්දිනා සමරසිංහ දිසානායක ශිල්ප මැදුර විවෘත කිරීම
 අනාගත පරපුර වෙනුවෙන් පාසල් සංවර්ධනය
 ළමයින්ගේ යුගය
මාතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පාසල්
මාතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කය
දකුණු පලාතේ පාසල්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පාසල්
පාසල් අධ්‍යාපනය - ශ්‍රී ලංකා
පාසල් අධ්‍යාපනය - ශ්‍රී ලංකාව
පාසල් නාමාවලි - ශ්‍රී ලංකා
පාසැල් ලැයිස්තු

ගුණරතන විද්‍යාලය, පාලටුව


Matthews Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Matthews Township (Arkansas)
 Matthews Township (North Carolina)

Matthews Township


Kurd Wolfgang Wilhelm Gustav von Schöning (né le  à Morrn,  et mort le  à Potsdam) est un général de division et écrivain militaire prussien.

Biographie

Origine
Kurde est issu de la noble famille poméranienne von Schöning. Ses parents sont  (1752-1802), propriétaire foncier et administrateur de l', et son épouse Albertine Juliane Therese Tugendreich (morte en 1844), fille du lieutenant-général Ehrenreich Wilhelm Gottlieb von Besser. Ses parents divorcent en 1796.

Carrière
Il a acquis des mérites au sein de l'armée prussienne et, en tant qu'aide de camp personnel, il gagne très tôt la confiance du jeune prince Charles de Prusse (1801-1883), qu'il a accompagné lors de ses voyages dans les états italiens et en Russie. Schöning quitte le service en 1827 en tant que major général. La même année, il est nommé par le roi Frédéric-Guillaume III maréchal de la cour du prince Charles. Dans les années suivantes, il s'impose comme historien militaire avec de nombreux ouvrages.

En 1843, il devient propriétaire de la , du nom de la ville de Schöningen (près de Brunswick, d'où est originaire la famille von Schöning), située en face du château de Glienicke, résidence d'été du prince Charles. La prestigieuse villa de banlieue a été construite selon les plans de Ludwig Persius. L'architecte le conçoit dans le cadre du paysage culturel de Potsdam planifié par Peter Joseph Lenné et Karl Friedrich Schinkel dans le style d'une villa-tour italienne. Von Schöning habite cette villa avec sa famille jusqu'à sa mort en 1859.

D'après un dessin de Franz Krüger (1797-1857), on a conservé en 1830 un portrait auto-publié, qui a été réalisé en lithographie en 1829. En 1824, von Schöning publie le "Journal von Glienicke", historiquement pertinent, dans lequel les événements sociaux et culturels de la famille du prince Carl de Prusse sont consignés.

Famille
Schöning épouse Charlotte von Bornstädt (1795–1841) à Gülzow en 1815. Le mariage donne naissance aux enfants suivants :

 Maira Klare (1817–1817)
 Rosalie Charlotte Albertine Anna (* 1818) chanoinesse au monastère du Saint-Sépulcre
 Hans Adam Kurt Egon Oldwig (1819–1828)
 Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Alexander Ludwig (1821–1823)
 Hélène Alexandrine Charlotte Florentine (1823–1901) mariée le 28 juin 1841 avec Edo Friedrich von der Schulenburg (1816-1904) de la maison d'Angern, administrateur de l'arrondissement de Wolmirstedt
 Hans Ehrenreich (1829-1890), capitaine prussien et commandant de compagnie dans le

Travaux
 Geschichte des Königlich-Preußischen Dritten Dragoner-Regiments und derjenigen Dragoner-Regimenter, aus welchen dasselbe, bei der Reorganisation der Armee im Jahre 1808, hervorgegangen ist. Mit einer Einleitung über Dragoner im Allgemeinen und mit 2 Titelbildern, Dümmler, Berlin 1835, Digitalisat,
 Actenmäßige Darstellung, wie ein Theil Hinterpommerns und die Provinz Neumark Brandenburg, als Gebiete eines neutralen Fürsten, während des Nordischen Krieges zweimal den unerlaubten Durchmarsch feindlicher Truppen erfuhren. Beitrag zur Geschichte des Nordischen Krieges und des Königs Stanislaus Leszinsky. In: Baltische Studien, Band 4, Stettin 1837, Heft 1, S. 46–106 (Digitalisat, Google-Buchsuche).
 Des General-Feldmarschalls Hans Adam von Schöning auf Tamsel Leben und Kriegsthaten, namentlich sein Zug mit 8000 Brandenburgern gegen die Türken. Ein Beitrag zur Erkennung der Zeitverhältnisse in den Kurbrandenburgischen und Kursächsischen Landen während der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Mit dem Bildnisse des Feldmarschalls und 55 Fac similes von Namensunterschriften ausgezeichneter Zeitgenossen. Lüderitz, Berlin 1837. Digitalisat, vollständiges PDF bei HathiTrust Digital Library
 Des General-Feldmarschall Dubislav Gneomar v. Natzmer (auf Gannowitz) Leben und Kriegsthaten, mit den Hauptbegebenheiten des von ihm errichteten Garde-Reiter-Regiments Gens d'armes. Mit dem Bildnisse des General Feldmarschalls und mit 57 Fac similes von hohen und ausgezeichneten Zeitgenossen. Lüderitz, Berlin 1838. (Nachdruck von 2007 lieferbar, ) Digitalisat
 Die Generale der Chur-Brandenburgischen und Königlich Preußischen Armee von 1640 bis 1840. Eine historische Uebersicht, Sammt vielen eingewebten urkundlichen Notizen: als Jubelschrift dem Vaterländischen Kriegesheere geweiht. Lüderitz, Berlin 1840.
 Geschichte des Königlich Preußischen Regiments Garde du Corps zu seinem hundertjährigen Jubelfeste. Unger, Berlin 1840. (Nachdruck von 1990 lieferbar, ) Digitalisat
 Geschichte des Königlich-Preußischen Fünften Husaren-Regiments, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf Gebhard Lebrecht von Blücher, den ehemaligen Chef dieses Regiments. Nebst einer Einleitung über Preußische Husaren im Allgemeinen. 1843. Digitalisat
 Historisch-biographische Nachrichten zur Geschichte der Brandenburg-Preußischen Artillerie. Aus bisher ungenutzten Urkunden zusammengestellt von Kurd Wolfgang von Schöning. Drei Teile, Mittler, Berlin 1844. (Band I), Band II, Band III
 Der Siebenjährige Krieg: nach der Original-Correspondenz Friedrichs des Großen mit dem Prinzen Heinrich und seinen Generalen. bearb. von Kurd Wolfgang v. Schöning. Berlin, 1851–52. Band I, Band II. Band III.
 Die fünf ersten Jahre der Regierung Friedrich des Großen bis zum Schluß des zweiten Schlesischen Krieges. G. Bosselmann, Berlin 1852–53.
 Der Bayersche Erbfolgekrieg: nach der Original-Correspondenz Friedrichs des Großen mit dem Prinzen Heinrich und seinen Generalen aus den Staats-Archiven. bearb. von Kurd Wolfgang v. Schöning. Riegel, Berlin 1854. Digitalisat
 Das Regiment Garde du Corps. Berlin 1854.
 Zur europäischen Politik im Jahre 1854. Digitalisat

Bibliographie
 Ausstellungskat. Schloss Glienicke – Bewohner, Künstler, Parklandschaft. hrsg. von Stiftung Schlösser und Gärten, Berlin 1987.

 Dirk Heydemann: Die Villa Schöningen und die Potsdamer Kulturlandschaft – Überlegungen zur gartendenkmalpflegerischen Behandlung des Gartens. Maschinenschriftliche Diplomarbeit. Berlin 1991, 171 S. mit zahlreichen Abb.
 Harry Nehls: Kurd Wolfgang von Schöning (1789-1859) und Franz Marquis von Lucchesini (1786-1867) – zwei Hofmarschälle des Prinzen Carl von Preußen. In: Mitteilungen des Vereins für die Geschichte Berlins. Band 87, 1991, Nr. 4, S. 438–451.
 Harry Nehls: Nur mehr von Athene bewacht. Die Villa Schöningen an der Glienicker Brücke. In: Museums Journal. 1, 1992, S. 54–55.
 Harry Nehls: Die 'Minerva Albani' – Das Wahrzeichen der Villa Schöningen in Potsdam. In: Mitteilungen des Vereins für Kultur und Geschichte Potsdams. Studiengemeinschaft Sanssouci e.V. 19. Jg. Potsdam 2014, S. 108–133.
 : Villa Schöningen. Ein baugeschichtliches Gutachten. Potsdam 1999, 149 S.
 Katie Hafner: Verwehte Spuren. Das Haus an der Brücke. Die Villa Schöningen in Potsdam und ihre Bewohner. Verlag Wilhelmshorst 2004.
 Mathias Döpfner, Lena Maculan (Hrsg.): Die Villa Schöningen an der Glienicker Brücke. Ein Deutsch-Deutsches Museum. Berlin 2009.

Liens externes

Références

Historien militaire
Generalmajor prussien
Maréchal de la cour
Naissance en août 1789
Naissance dans la voïvodie de Lubusz
Naissance dans la province de Brandebourg
Décès en avril 1859
Décès à Potsdam
Décès dans la province de Brandebourg
Décès à 69 ans

Kurd von Schöning