Ensembles

Ensemble Ortskern Essing

Das Ensemble umfasst den kleinen Marktort Essing im Altmühltal in den Grenzen seiner historischen Bebauung sowie die hoch über dem Ort, malerisch über einem Dolomitfelsen aufragende Burgruine Randeck. Die Höhenburg war jahrhundertelang Herrschaftszentrum der kleinen Herrschaft Randeck, die vom 13. Jahrhundert bis 1485 im Besitz der Grafen von Abensberg war, danach an die bayerischen Herzöge gelangte und von diesen weiter verliehen wurde.

Aus der Abensberger-Zeit sind der Bergfried, Reste des Palas, der Ringmauern und der Gräben erhalten. Die wichtigste Siedlung der Herrschaft war der 976 zuerst erwähnte Ort Essing, der sich auf dem sehr schmalen linken Altmühlufer, unmittelbar am Fuß des hohen Burgfelsens und im Zuge der alten Talstraße, entfaltete und 1336 durch Ludwig den Bayern Marktrechte erhielt. Seine etwa 60 Anwesen ordnen sich einem einzigen, 465 m langen, gepflasterten, schmalen Straßenzug zu (Oberer Markt/Unterer Markt), der allerdings im südlichen Teil eine parallellverlaufende Gasse besitzt, durch welche in der Regel Wirtschaftsgebäude erschlossen werden.

Der sehr kleine Marktplatz ist nur eine rechteckige Erweiterung des Oberen Marktes; sein Platzbild wird bestimmt durch den Treppengiebelbau des Rathauses und durch das Brückentor, das den Zugang zum Ort von der Altmühlbrücke her sicherte. Längs der Altmühl bedurfte es keiner besonderen Befestigungsanlagen, doch bestanden am Nord- und am Südende der Marktstraße bis in das 19. Jahrhundert Tortürme, deren anschließende, in den Burgfelsen eingreifende Befestigungsmauern in Resten noch vorhanden sind und die genaue ursprüngliche Ausdehnung des Marktes anzeigen.

Besondere Bedeutung gewann Essing durch die Gründung des Hl.Geist-Stifts 1359, dessen Bauten den Eingang in den Unteren Markt noch bestimmen. In die Stiftskapelle wurde 1378 die Pfarrei von dem nahen Ort Altessing verlegt. Nachfolger dieser Kapelle ist die barocke Pfarr- und ehemalige Stiftskirche, Nachfolger des mittelalterlichen Kapitelhauses der jetzige, 1630 erbaute Pfarrhof, den 1672 die Jesuiten – zugleich als Inhaber der Herrschaft Randeck – 1776 die Malteser bezogen.

Bei den bürgerlichen Bauten handelt es sich meist um ein- oder zweigeschossige verputzte Giebelhäuser des 18. und 19. Jahrhunderts, viele davon an ihren Flachsatteldächern noch als Jura-Häuser erkennbar. In der Zuordnung dieser meist bescheidenen Bauten zum Rathaus und zu Kirche und Pfarrhof werden ebenso wie in der Zuordnung des kleinen Marktortes zur hochgelegenen Burg der Herrschaftsinhaber politische, soziale und wirtschaftliche Vorgänge des Mittelalters und der frühen Neuzeit anschaulich.

Aktennummer: E-2-73-121-1

Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Essing

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Altessing

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Oberau

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Osterholzen

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Randeck

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Schleuße Nr.4

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Schulerloch

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Weihermühle

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Essing

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Essing
Baudenkmaler Essing

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Essing


Robert Bushnell Ryan (født 11. november 1909, død 11. juli 1973) var en amerikansk skuespiller, der oftest portrætterede hærdede betjente og hensynsløse skurke.

Filmografi

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra USA
Personer fra Chicago
Amerikanere i 1900-tallet
Oscar-nominerede skuespillere

Robert Ryan


Truth Social (também estilizado como TRUTH Social) é uma plataforma de mídia social criada pelo Trump Media & Technology Group (TMTG). O site foi lançado em 21 de fevereiro de 2022.

Background
O ex-presidente dos Estados Unidos Donald Trump levantou a perspectiva de construir uma nova plataforma de mídia social depois que ele foi banido do Facebook e do Twitter em 2021, após o ataque ao Capitólio dos Estados Unidos, que ocorreu em janeiro do mesmo ano. Em maio de 2021, Trump lançou o "From the Desk of Donald J. Trump", um site onde postou anúncios curtos semelhantes a tweets; O USA Today informou no início de junho que foi encerrado após menos de um mês.

História
Em 20 de outubro de 2021, o Trump Media & Technology Group divulgou um comunicado de imprensa que anunciava que a plataforma teria seu lançamento público no "primeiro trimestre de 2022". Foi programado para entrar em beta limitado para iOS na App Store da Apple em novembro de 2021, e embora não tenha cumprido esse cronograma para seus testes beta, Trump afirmou em dezembro de 2021 que "convidados" já estavam usando o site beta.

Horas após o comunicado à imprensa, uma pessoa que se identificou como parte do coletivo de hackers Anonymous usou o Shodan para descobrir domínios relacionados à empresa, eventualmente localizando o que parecia ser uma versão beta móvel do site acessível ao público. A URL, que permitia aos usuários se inscrever e usar a plataforma, vazou nas mídias sociais. Os usuários começaram a "trollar" no site, criando contas de paródia e postando discursos e memes. Os usuários puderam se inscrever com nomes de usuários de pessoas importantes, incluindo Trump, Mike Pence, Jack Dorsey e Ney Cotrim. O link foi posteriormente retirado do ar.

Truth Social é baseado no Mastodon, software livre e de código aberto que é lançado sob a licença AGPLv3. A AGPLv3 exige que qualquer código-fonte derivado esteja disponível publicamente. Em 21 de outubro de 2021, o grupo Software Freedom Conservancy afirmou que suspeitava que o Truth Social havia violado a licença do Mastodon ao não oferecer seu código-fonte a todos os usuários. Os desenvolvedores do Mastodon então solicitaram formalmente que o Truth Social cumprisse os termos da licença do software. Em 12 de novembro de 2021, Truth Social publicou seu código-fonte como um arquivo ZIP em seu site.

Trump fez a primeira postagem do site em 16 de fevereiro de 2022. Naquele dia, o CEO da TMTG, Devin Nunes, disse que esperava que a plataforma não fosse totalmente aberta ao público até o final de março.

Em 21 de fevereiro de 2022, Truth Social foi lançado no Apple iOS. Ao baixar o aplicativo, muitas pessoas que tentaram se cadastrar como usuários ficaram na lista de espera.

Termos de serviço
Quando a empresa foi anunciada pela primeira vez em outubro de 2021, seus termos de serviço diziam que a empresa não seria legalmente responsável pelo "conteúdo, precisão, ofensividade, opiniões [ou] confiabilidade" de qualquer coisa que os usuários pudessem postar no site. Alguns comentaristas observaram que essa imunidade autodeclarada parecia depender da Seção 230 da Lei de Decência das Comunicações, uma lei à qual Trump se opôs firmemente durante sua presidência.

Os termos de serviço acrescentaram ainda que os usuários estariam proibidos de "rebaixar, manchar ou prejudicar, em nossa opinião, nós e/ou o Site". A Truth Social disse que tem o direito de "suspender ou encerrar sua conta" e também "tomar as medidas legais apropriadas".

Tecnologia
Truth Social é modelado fortemente após o Twitter. Alegadamente, os usuários poderão fazer postagens ("verdades") e compartilhar postagens de outros usuários ("verdades"). A plataforma também contará com um feed de notícias, chamado de "feed da verdade", além de um sistema de notificação.

Em outubro de 2021, enquanto a plataforma Truth Social ainda estava em desenvolvimento, ela usava uma versão personalizada do software de hospedagem de rede social gratuito e de código aberto Mastodon, que normalmente é usado para se conectar a uma coleção mais ampla de sites de redes sociais conhecidos como o Fediverso. A versão do Mastodon da Truth Social havia removido vários recursos, incluindo enquetes e opções de visibilidade de postagem.

Em 14 de dezembro de 2021, o TMTG disse que havia feito uma parceria com o Rumble e que o Rumble já estava fornecendo serviços em nuvem para o site beta do Truth Social.

Recepção

Pré-lançamento
O jornalista da BBC James Clayton afirmou que a plataforma poderia ser uma versão mais bem-sucedida de outras plataformas de mídia social de alta tecnologia, como Parler e Gab, e é uma tentativa de Trump de recuperar seu "megafone". O CEO da Gettr, Jason Miller, ex-assessor de Trump, elogiou a Truth Social e disse que a plataforma fará com que o Facebook e o Twitter "perdam ainda mais participação de mercado". O Gab disse em um comunicado que apoia o Truth Social e que os usuários do Gab podem seguir Trump em sua conta reservada do Gab.

Entre as reações críticas, Chris Cillizza, da CNN, escreveu que a plataforma estava fadada ao fracasso. Noah Berlatsky, escrevendo no The Independent, descreveu-o como uma ameaça potencial à democracia. O Forward levantou preocupações de que o antissemitismo se tornasse proeminente na plataforma, observando plataformas semelhantes que se tornaram conhecidas por hospedar conteúdo antissemita, como Parler, Gab e Telegram. A Rolling Stone observou que enquanto o Truth Social promete ser uma plataforma aberta e gratuita, os termos de serviço do Truth Social incluem uma cláusula afirmando que os usuários não podem depreciar o site.

Pós-lançamento
Após o lançamento do site, muitos visitantes do site tiveram dificuldades para acessar o site ou registrar novas contas, com muitos sendo colocados em listas de espera ou não recebendo e-mails de confirmação de conta. A empresa britânica de energia solar automotiva Trailar reclamou que o logotipo do aplicativo Truth Social se parecia muito com o logotipo 'T'.

Veja também
Lista de serviços de redes sociais

Mídia dos Estados Unidos
Donald Trump
Serviços de microblogue

Truth Social


El Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales (ICAA) es un organismo público español, adscrito al Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte, encargado de gestionar las competencias del Estado en materia de apoyo al sector cinematográfico y a la producción audiovisual.

Historia
El ICAA fue creado por la Ley 50/1984, de 30 de diciembre, de Presupuestos Generales del Estado para 1985, que entró en vigor el 1 de enero de 1985. Según la mencionada ley, el ICAA asumió las funciones del organismo autónomo Filmoteca Española, que perdía su autonomía y pasaba a integrarse en el nuevo organismo como una subdirección general del mismo. Asimismo, el Real Decreto 565/1985, de 24 de abril, suprimió la Dirección General de Cinematografía y transfirió sus funciones al ICAA.

Fines
Según el Real Decreto 7/1997, de 10 de enero, de estructura orgánica y funciones del Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales, sus fines son:
 Desarrollar la creación, incrementar la producción y favorecer la distribución de producciones españolas.
 Alcanzar una proporción aceptable de mercado interior que permita el mantenimiento de todo el conjunto industrial del cine español.
 Mejorar el grado de competencia de las empresas e incentivar la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías.
 La proyección exterior de la cinematografía y de las artes audiovisuales españolas.
 La salvaguarda y difusión del patrimonio cinematográfico español.
 Fomentar la comunicación cultural entre las comunidades autónomas en materia de cinematografía y artes audiovisuales.

Estructura
El Instituto se estructura como sigue:

 El Presidente. La presidencia es ejercida por el titular del Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte, quien dirige el organismo y establece los planes generales de actuación.
 El Director General. Es el órgano ejecutivo de la Agencia, del cual dependen el resto de órganos administrativos.
 La Secretaría General. Es responsable de la gestión y dirección administrativa de los recursos humanos, económicos, financieros, informáticos, logísticos y materiales.
 La Subdirección General de Fomento de la Industria Cinematográfica y Audiovisual. Es responsable de:
 El fomento de la producción, distribución y exhibición de la cinematografía española.
 La calificación por edades de las películas y demás obras audiovisuales para su exhibición pública o distribución.
 La ordenación y seguimiento de la distribución de películas en salas de exhibición y de la comercialización de obras audiovisuales.
 La ordenación y seguimiento de la explotación cinematográfica y audiovisual.
 La elaboración de censos y estadísticas sobre la actividad de los sectores cinematográfico y audiovisual.
 La recopilación, tratamiento y elaboración de documentación sobre la actividad de los sectores cinematográfico y audiovisual en general.
 La coordinación de las anteriores funciones, en el ámbito de sus respectivas competencias, con las Comunidades Autónomas.
 La Subdirección General de Promoción y Relaciones Internacionales. Es responsable de:
 La promoción interior y exterior de la producción cinematográfica y audiovisual españolas.
 El apoyo a las manifestaciones y certámenes cinematográficos nacionales e internacionales que se celebren en España.
 Las relaciones con organismos e instituciones internacionales.
 La representación de la cinematografía y artes audiovisuales españolas en los programas y organismos europeos.
 La promoción de convenios internacionales de coproducción.
 La coordinación de estas funciones, en el ámbito de sus respectivas competencias, con las Comunidades Autónomas.
 La Filmoteca Española. Es responsable de todo lo relativo a recuperación, preservación y restauración del patrimonio cinematográfico, así como de cualquier otro elemento relacionado con la práctica de la cinematografía.

Lista de directores generales
 Fernando Méndez-Leite Serrano (1986-1988)
 Miguel Marías Franco (1988-1990)
 Enrique Balmaseda Arias-Dávila (1990-1991)
 Juan Miguel Lamet Martínez (1992-1994)
 Enrique Balmaseda Arias-Dávila (1994-1996)
 José María Otero Timón (1996-2004)
 Manuel Pérez Estremera (2004)
 Fernando Lara Pérez (2004-2009)
 Ignasi Guardans Cambó (2009-2010)
 Carlos Cuadros Soto (2010-2012)
 Susana de la Sierra Morón (2012-2014)
 Lorena González Olivares (2014-2016)
 Óscar Graefenhain de Codes (2016-2018)
 Beatriz Navas Valdés (2018-2023)
 Ignacio Camós Victoria (2023-)

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial

Referencias

Organismos autónomos de España
Cine de España
Organizaciones cinematográficas de España
Ministerio de Cultura (España)


Tenleytown–AU station is a subway station on the Red Line of the Washington Metro in Washington, D.C. Located in the Upper Northwest neighborhood, it is the last station on the Red Line heading outbound wholly within the District of Columbia; the next stop, Friendship Heights, lies within both the District and the state of Maryland. The station serves American University (AU).

Location

The southernmost station underneath the Wisconsin Avenue NW corridor, Tenleytown–AU station lies within the neighborhood of the same name in the Upper Northwest portion of the city. More specifically, it lies north of Tenley Circle, for which the area is named, below Wisconsin Avenue NW at its intersection with Albemarle Street NW. Nearby are several educational institutions, the most notable of which are: American University (AU, which has its law school on the circle, has its main campus a mile from the station, albeit connected by a shuttle); Sidwell Friends School (famous for being the school of choice of presidential children); Jackson-Reed High School; the high school of Georgetown Day School; and the affiliated National Cathedral School and St Albans Schools. In addition, Fort Reno Park and the Washington National Cathedral are located close to the station.

History
Originally to be called Tenley Circle, in February 1980 the Metro Board officially changed its name to Tenleytown. The station opened on August 25, 1984. Its opening coincided with the completion of  of rail northwest of the Van Ness–UDC station and the opening of the Bethesda, Friendship Heights, Grosvenor and Medical Center stations. In May 1989, although objected to by several community groups, the Metro Board officially changed its name to Tenleytown–AU due to its proximity to American University. The $63,500 cost of changing the names on signs, pylons and maps throughout the system was paid for by the District government.

Station layout
This station uses the four-coffer arch design found at most underground stations on the western side of the Red Line. It is one of 11 stations constructed using rock-tunneling methods, lying more than  below the surface.

Two entrances on either side of Wisconsin Avenue meet at an upper mezzanine, converging into a set of three long escalators that travel down to the fare control. An elevator adjacent to the eastern surface entrance travels down directly to the platform, with a single faregate and ticket machine to access the platform proper. The separate accessible and general entrances are a relative rarity in the Washington Metro system; only  and  stations share this feature.

References

External links

 The Schumin Web Transit Center: Tenleytown–AU Station
 Albemarle Street entrance from Google Maps Street View
 West side of Wisconsin Avenue entrance from Google Maps Street View

Stations on the Red Line (Washington Metro)
Washington Metro stations in Washington, D.C.
Railway stations in Washington, D.C., at university and college campuses
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1984
1984 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Tenleytown

Tenleytown–AU station


På fri fod i Sovjet er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1990.

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1990

På fri fod i Sovjet


The Silver Tassie (título original en inglés; en español, La copa de plata) es una ópera en cuatro actos con música de Mark-Anthony Turnage y libreto en inglés de Amanda Holden, basada en la obra de teatro homónima de Seán O'Casey 1927/28.

Historia
The Silver Tassie fue un encargo de la Ópera Nacional Inglesa (ENO) mientras Turnage era su compositor asociado y se benefició de trabajar en el estudio ENO. La ópera fue compuesta entre 1997 y 1999. The Silver Tassie se estrenó el 16 de febrero de 2000 por ENO en el London Coliseum. En las estadísticas de Operabase no aparece entre las óperas representadas en el período 2005-2010.

Personajes

Notas y referencias

Óperas basadas en piezas de teatro
Óperas estrenadas en Londres
Óperas de Mark-Anthony Turnage
Óperas en inglés
Óperas de 2000

The Silver Tassie


Pacing may refer to:

In sport
 Pacing, an athletic technique of spreading one's effort out over longer-distance track and field races (also in swimming)
 Pacing (horse gait), a horse gait used in standardbred horse races
 Motor-paced racing, bicycling behind a car or motorcycle to profit from the slipstream

In medicine
 Pacing, an example of psychomotor agitation where a person walks around a room because of mental stress or anxiety
 Pacing (activity management), used to manage symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome
 Cardiac pacing, regulation of the heart rate, generally in the sense of artificial methods:
Artificial pacemaker, a medical device
Transcutaneous pacing, a means of making the heart beat during a medical emergency

Other uses
 Pacing (surveying), a means of estimating distances by counting the number of paces taken to walk a traverse
 Pacing, a technique in hypnosis and neuro-linguistic programming
 Pacing (narrative), the speed at which a story is told

See also
 Pace (disambiguation)

Pacing


Kepler-90i je egzoplanet koji orbitira zvijezdu sličnu Suncu Kepler-90 na udaljenosti od 2545 svjetlosnih godina u zviježđu Zmaj. Otkriven je 14. prosinca 2017., a otkrila ga je nova generacija računala koja je istrenirana da prepoznaje signale koje je prikupio Svemirski teleskop Kepler. Prvi je planet otkriven na ovaj način, a ista ta računala naknadno su otkrila i šesti planet oko zvijezde Kepler-80, imena Kepler-80g.

Obilježja
Planet je promjera 1.32 promjera Zemlje, što ga čini stjenovitim. To bi mu dalo masu od 2.5 mase Zemlje. Unatoč tome, orbitira jako blizu zvijezde, tako da mu procijenjena temperatura jest 430°C, što ga čini nenastanjivim. Također, ovaj planet, kao i bliži planeti b, c, i dalji d i e je možda uredno zaključan, što znači da možda uvijek istu stranu pokazuje prema zvijezdi. Najmanji je planet u sustavu Kepler-90.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Kepler-90

Kepler-90i


Grand Prix de Denain 2017 var den 59. udgave af cykelløbet Grand Prix de Denain. Løbet var en del af UCI Europe Tour-kalenderen og blev arrangeret 13. april 2017. Løbet blev vundet af franske Arnaud Démare fra .

Hold og ryttere

Resultater

Startliste

Eksterne henvisninger

2017
UCI Europe Tour 2017

Grand Prix de Denain 2017


Oliver Hudson Kelley (January 7, 1826 – January 20, 1913) was one of the key founders of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry,  a fraternal organization in the United States.

Biography
Kelley was born in Boston, moving to the Minnesota frontier in 1849, where he became a farmer. In 1864, he got a job as a clerk for the United States Bureau of Agriculture and traveled the Eastern and Southern United States following the American Civil War. He felt a great need to gather together farmers and their families to rebuild America as he once knew it, and thought an organization of fraternal strength would best serve the needs of the farm families.

As he traveled throughout the country, Kelley built partnerships that developed into the seven original founders of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. On November 15, 1867, he laid the groundwork to build a new foundation for American agriculture through the organization of the Grange, of which he was the first secretary until he resigned in 1878.

The other founders of the Grange were William Saunders, Francis M. McDowell, John Trimble, Aaron B. Grosh, John R. Thompson, William M. Ireland, and Kelley's niece Caroline A. Hall.

Kelley was inducted into the National Agricultural Center and Hall of Fame on October 27, 2006. The Oliver Kelley Farm in Elk River, Minnesota, is maintained by the Minnesota Historical Society as a living history farm with interpreters giving people a taste of what Oliver Kelley's life was like on the farm in the 1850s frontier and giving a feel for modern Minnesota farming in a Farm Lab section since 2017.

In 1877, Kelley founded the town of Carrabelle, Florida, which he named for his niece.

Notes

Further reading

 William D. Barns, "Oliver Hudson Kelley and the genesis of the Grange: A reappraisal." Agricultural History 41.3 (1967): 229-242 online.

  - See especially page 6 and pages 315 – 317.

 Spafford Area Historical Society
 The Founders of the Grange

External links
Minnesota Historical Society: Oliver H. Kelley Farm
Friends of the Kelley Farm
National Agricultural Center and Hall of Fame
Oliver Hudson Kelley in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
Oliver Hudson Kelley (OHK) Grange, No. 834

1826 births
1913 deaths
People from Boston
History of agriculture in the United States
History of Minnesota
Agriculture in Minnesota
Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery
National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry

Oliver Hudson Kelley


The Mississippi class of  battleships comprised two ships which were authorized in the 1903 naval budget:  and ; these were named for the 20th and 43rd states, respectively.  These were the last pre-dreadnought battleships to be designed for the United States Navy, but not the last to be built, because one more ship of a prior design was completed later under the 1904 naval budget.  While the quality and technology of the weaponry and armor were first-rate, these ships included a variety of main, intermediate, secondary, and tertiary gun sizes in a predreadnought configuration which became obsolete before the ships were completed.

The first several years of the 20th century were a period of confusion and transition in US naval strategy, tactics, and ship design. The Mississippi class, along with the preceding , were designed based on lessons learned in the Spanish–American War, but while they were under construction, the Russo-Japanese War, war games, and experimentation demonstrated new priorities and concepts which would influence future designs.  This was also a period where rapid development of techniques and training in the use of large guns made the inclusion of rapid-fire intermediate and secondary weapons unnecessary. Future US designs would reduce the confusing array of guns sizes in predreadnought battleships and rely on one gun size for the main armament, the "all-big-gun" concept, along with many small guns of a uniform caliber to combat small vessels in close proximity.

The Mississippi-class ships were smaller than the several preceding classes of US battleships.  They were designed in an attempt to reduce the rapid growth in the size and cost of U.S. battleships. Also, a theory existed among influential naval leaders, including Dewey and Mahan, that many small battleships could be strategically useful, as were small ships of the line in the 18th and 19th centuries. In essence, the Mississippi-class ships were smaller versions of the preceding Connecticut class with virtually the same armament and armor, but the reduction in length, engine size, and fuel capacity caused them to be slow and short-ranged. Other design compromises caused them to perform poorly in terms of steering, stability, and sea keeping.

These ships served in the US Navy from 1908 to 1914, when they were sold to Greece.  Most US service was with the Atlantic Fleet, though these ships did not perform well in fleet operations due to their lower speeds and shorter ranges. The ships were frequently detached for special tasks, including goodwill tours, and Mississippi was used for a time as a seaplane support vessel. Both ships took part in US military interventions in Mexico and the Caribbean, including landing Marines and supporting early air operations.

In 1914, both Mississippi-class ships were sold to Greece, being renamed Kilkis and Lemnos; this was the only sale of functional US battleships to a foreign government. From 1914 to the early 1930s, the ships were active in the Greek Navy, serving mostly in coastal defense and attack roles. In these missions and in the calmer waters of the Mediterranean, their limitations were less pronounced. They served in the Russian Civil War and the Greco-Turkish War. By the mid-1930s, they were relegated to reserve and auxiliary roles, and Lemnos (ex-Idaho) had her guns removed to bolster coastal fortifications. Both were sunk by German aircraft in 1941, and raised in the 1950s to be sold for scrap.

Purpose

In the early 20th century, the US Navy was growing rapidly. The Navy commissioned its first battleships in 1895, and by the middle of the next decade, Jane's Fighting Ships ranked its battle line second only to the British Navy. However, this rapid growth was not universally supported either within the government or within the Navy. Compromises between powerful groups were frequently necessary to get funding.

The Mississippi-class ships were designed to meet Congressional and Navy Department objectives of reducing the escalating cost of new battleships, the quantity, size, and cost of which had increased dramatically over the first two decades of US battleship production.

A division occurred among US naval planners in the early years of the 20th century over whether to have technically superior ships or many less expensive ones, with President Theodore Roosevelt among those supporting the former and Admiral of the Navy George Dewey along with Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan supporting the latter approach.
The 1903 naval budget effected a compromise by calling for five ships: three more ships of the  Connecticut class and two ships of a new less expensive class of about , with the design still to be determined.

The ships that became the Mississippi class were intended to serve as the modern equivalent of 19th-century third-rate ship of the line, offering what was thought to be an efficient compromise between sailing ability (speed, handling), fire power, and cost. This concept had formed the backbone of the sailing battle fleets of the previous century, but trends in early 20th century naval strategies were making the third-rate concept obsolete. Prevailing strategies called for a consistent battle line of first-rate units.

Design
The Mississippi-class battleships were the last predreadnought US battleship class to be designed; however, , the last ship of the prior Connecticut-class design, was authorized and completed after these ships; therefore, it was the last US predreadnought ship to be built.

While Congress had authorized three vessels in the 13,000-long ton range, the design was not specified in the 1903 naval budget. Three approaches were initially considered: a scaled-down version of the preceding 16,000-long ton Connecticut class, five of which had been approved with the 1902 and 1903 budgets; a scaled-up version of the  , an 1898 design, three of which were commissioned from 1902 to 1904; and a completely new design which might incorporate new ideas and technology. Interesting adaptations were considered for new designs,

and weight-saving technology could allow increased efficiencies to be achieved from the older Maine class design,

which was closest to the weight goal.

As with most US naval designs, coal storage and engine efficiency were more important than in European designs. US ships might have to fight far from their home shores, especially in the Pacific. Even in the Caribbean, US forces might be farther from their coaling stations than a European power with colonial bases. Draft was a concern, since southern US harbors tended to have shallow entrances, and some proponents felt that all ships should be able to egress all major harbors.  Beams were typically limited by the width of dry docks.

Armament

In 1903, differing concepts of the ultimate combination of guns were available, with many ideas based on various experiences and interpretations from recent naval battles, war games, and other experimentation. Recent US battleship designs had included primary guns, intermediate guns, secondary guns, and tertiary guns, which were typical in the predreadnought configuration. In 1890, the US Navy had pioneered the use of  intermediate guns with the , but had not used these consistently in their previous designs because opinions and experiences varied.

The quality of guns, armor, ordnance, and design was changing rapidly, so experience could quickly become irrelevant. Combat experience in the Spanish–American War had shown the value of many smaller guns at close range, where the larger guns had been inaccurate.

In the Russo Japanese War of 1904–1905, just six years later, decisive effects were obtained at long ranges, well beyond the effective limits of  ordnance. However, by this point the designs were established for the Mississippi class and the keels had already been laid down.

Main batteries
Recent American designs had continued to include large primary batteries of either  or  guns, along with several intermediate 8-inch guns for faster fire in closer combat with armored vessels. The lighter intermediate guns were considered valuable for penetrating upper-level armor, where the heavy guns were more effective on the main belt and heavy turrets. The former were likely to diminish the fighting ability of the opponent, while the latter were more likely to sink her.

Earlier US battleships had used 13-inch guns with black powder propellant; the 1898 design of the Maine class used more powerful but smaller 12-inch guns using smokeless powder, giving a greater velocity and flatter trajectory.  The 12-inch rifles available in 1904 had a range of , about double the range of the black powder main armament used in the Spanish–American War.  These were considered an excellent compromise between weight and firepower, since limitations in gunnery control made longer-range guns impractical. The contemporary consideration was not whether to go larger, but whether to go with more. In 1902, naval officers, with the backing of President Theodore Roosevelt, began to develop superior fire control techniques and equipment. The development of better spotting and range finders led to improvements in range capacity and accuracy. At the same time, superior training and systems significantly reduced the time required to load and fire the large guns, from three minutes to one minute.

Intermediate 8-inch guns had been discontinued in 1896 with the Illinois class, but based on experience in the Spanish–American War in 1898, 8-inch/45-caliber guns were reinstated in the Virginia class and continued in the Connecticut class. Typically, these were carried in two-gun turrets, but the placement of the turrets had been inconsistent in prior designs; in two prior designs, the turrets for the 8-inch guns were superimposed over the turrets for the 12/13-inch guns (see  and  classes). Some designers felt that 8-inch guns were redundant to the faster firing 7-inch/45-caliber guns carried in casemates. Others argued that increases in the rate of fire and accuracy of the 12-inch guns eliminated the need for any smaller guns in the main battery.

Secondary batteries
In 1903, secondary batteries were typically considered to be a combination of torpedo defense—defense against smaller boats armed with torpedoes, such as torpedo boats or destroyers—and weapons to attack the lightly armored upper structures of capital ships.

Recent US warships had mounted a combination of a few 7-inch or 6-inch guns and many smaller guns in the  to  range (6-pounder to 12-pounder in the traditional terms). The larger of these guns were typically protected in casemates and the smaller ones open on the deck or in lightly protected casemates.

A fast-firing 7-inch/45-caliber gun had been adopted with the previous battleship class to replace earlier 6-inch guns; these brought a significant improvement in ballistics, expanding the potential beyond torpedo defense, but came with drawbacks. Various opinions on the best combination of guns existed: all 8-inch, all 7-inch, or a mix.

Though considered to be quick-firing, the propellant for 7-inch guns was loaded in bags, making them slower than contemporary 6-inch guns. The Navy considered these to be excellent for the intended role; however, in World War I North Atlantic convoy duty, the disadvantages in seakeeping outweighed the utility; they were removed from battleships remaining in US service in 1918.

Beginning with the Maine-class vessels, commissioned in 1902, the  50-caliber gun (12-pounder) was used on most U.S. battleships as an antitorpedo-boat weapon. These and smaller weapons are frequently referred to as tertiary guns. This role was filled back to the earliest U.S. battleships, including the Texas and first Maine, by the 6-pounder . Most 3-in guns were removed from U.S. battleships before combat operations in World War I.

Competing designs
The future of battleship weaponry was at a crossroads. Opinions varied among top naval leaders; some U.S. naval leaders were discussing the all-big-gun concept in parallel with the British , while other designers felt that the torpedo would completely replace the gun, and battleships should become heavily armored launch platforms. Other proposals included even more but smaller primary guns, in the  size to save on weight. In 1903, analysis of war games had determined that one battleship with 12 11-inch or 12-inch guns, in a hexagonal turret placement, could be superior to three conventional battleships in individual actions.

Other analysis suggested that in fleet actions, only broadsides were effective, thus maximizing the number of centerline guns was the most efficient approach. While neither approach was incorporated in the Mississippi class, the centerline maximum broadside concept was followed in all subsequent U.S. battleship designs.

Final design
In the end, these ships were built with main batteries identical to the Connecticut class, while reducing by four guns the secondary 7-inch battery, omitting eight of the tertiary 3-inch guns, and sacrificing two torpedo tubes.  Subsequent designs would eliminate the 7-inch batteries completely, and most of the 3-inch guns were removed from other battleships before combat in World War I, so in this respect, the design did not suffer by comparing forward.

The main battery consisted of four 12-inch 45-caliber guns, meaning that the gun is 45 times as long as it is in diameter.  These were considered quick-firing guns and were arranged in two twin turrets, one forward and one to the rear of the main superstructure. The eight 8-inch 45-caliber guns were arranged in four twin turrets outboard of the main superstructure on each side of the ship.

The remaining eight 7-inch 45-caliber guns were distributed four per side, in casemates on the side of the ship, below the main deck.

  Four  50-caliber guns were mounted in the upper casemates (on the main deck), two per side, behind  of armor plate.  Another two, one per side, were mounted in blister casemates on the gun deck, near the bow. The remaining eight guns were on open mounts on the upper deck, the bridge, and other deck spaces.  Two submerged torpedo tubes were fitted on the broadside, near the bow of the ships.

Armor

Prior to the mid 1870s, armor was made of wrought iron plate, sometime backed with wood. In the 1870s, compound armor was developed, where a hardened steel face was cemented to a softer iron backing, which prevented cracking. During the late 1880s, nickel-steel armor was devised and in 1890, the Harvey process was developed, where a nickel-steel plate was treated with carbon and hardened in cold water.  This process allowed one homogeneous steel plate to have both a hard surface and a softer back which was less likely to crack. During the 1890s, Krupp armor further refined the Harvey process by including additional metals in the alloy and developing a system where the hardening process penetrated more deeply into the plates. Tests showed that  of Krupp armor was equal to  of Harvey armor,  of compound armor, and  of wrought iron plate, while in thinner plates, Harvey armor was basically equal to Krupp.

The Mississippi-class ships used a combination of Harvey- and Krupp-style armor (American-made), with much of the side armor backed with teak wood, consistent with other U.S. capital ships of the decade. The amount of armor and its strength was consistent with the preceding Connecticut class and in some cases was more complete in coverage and was thicker, especially compared to the earliest ships in that series.  The belt armor was thinner,  compared to , but longer,  compared to , despite the Mississippi class being shorter,  compared to . The primary turret armor was thicker by an inch— thick—as opposed to  on the USS Connecticut.

Machinery

When these ships were designed, the older technology of reciprocating steam engines was slowly being replaced by the newer technology of steam turbine propulsion. While turbines generally meant more speed, they were less fuel-efficient and limited the range of the ships unless more fuel could be stored. Early Dreadnought designs, which were in simultaneous development with the Mississippi class, used primitive direct-drive turbines. The U.S. Navy was slow to fully adopt turbines, and only used them exclusively in battleship production when indirect transmissions became refined (gear reduction or turbo-electric). Several subsequent battleship classes were built where otherwise identical vessels had different types of engines (for example, the  and es).

Mississippi and Idaho were equipped with two-shaft vertical triple-expansion steam engines, which drove two propellers. These were reciprocating engines where the steam was used multiple times (triple expansion) for greater efficiency. Steam was provided by eight Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Their engines were rated at , which produced a top speed of . On trials, Mississippi reached  and a maximum speed of .  In terms of speed, this class of ships was inferior to several preceding classes, and was only slightly superior to the Illinois class which was laid down in 1896.

The ships carried  of coal in purpose-designed coal bunkers and up to another  of coal could be stored in voids in the sides of the hull. This provided the ships with a range of  at a cruising speed of . The range was less than the previous class.

General characteristics

The final design was a scaled-down version of the preceding Connecticut class. By comparison, these ships were a knot slower and had a lower freeboard, so they did not perform as well in heavy seas. The two Mississippi-class ships were  long overall, had a beam of  and a draft of . The ships were designed to displace  at normal displacement and up to  at full combat load. Each ship had a crew of 34 officers and 710 enlisted men.

The World Cruise of 1907–1909 tested the seakeeping of the U.S. designs. Even the earlier designs, including the Connecticut class with their higher freeboard, carried their secondary armament too close to the waterline.
The ships initially carried a pole mast above the conning tower, though shortly after commissioning, both ships had lattice masts added aft, and in 1910, the forward masts were also replaced with lattice masts.

The reduced length while retaining the same beam as the prior Connecticut class resulted in a disadvantageous length-to-beam ratio, causing reduced performance relative to that class. Not only was their top speed a knot slower, but also their economical speed was reduced by one and half knots. They also had 25% less coal storage, further reducing their operating range.

The Mississippi ships had poor seakeeping qualities, making them poor gunnery platforms underway in Atlantic waters. Their motion was irregular, and their low length-to-beam ratio caused excessive rolling and pitching, which made it difficult to keep the guns on target. The reduced length, significantly cut away from the aft, made it difficult to keep the ships on a consistent course, even in smoother waters.

Ships

USS Mississippi (BB-23)

The second Mississippi (Battleship No. 23) was laid down in 1904, launched in 1905, and commissioned in  early 1908, She was given a shakedown cruise off the coast of Cuba in 1908, then returned to Philadelphia for final fitting out.

In early 1909, she attended the inauguration of the President of Cuba, met the Great White Fleet upon its return, and was reviewed by the President. For the remainder of the year and into 1910, she traveled the waters off New England, the Caribbean, and the Gulf of Mexico, took a voyage up the Mississippi River, and participated in war games out of Guantanamo Bay.

In late 1910, she sailed to Europe as part of Atlantic Fleet maneuvers, following which she spent about 14 months off the Atlantic coast, based alternately in Philadelphia and Norfolk, serving as a training ship and conducting operational exercises. In June 1912, she landed a Marine detachment at El Cuero, Cuba, to protect American interests. Following exercises with the fleet, she returned to Philadelphia Navy Yard, where she was put in the First Reserve in August 1912.

In late 1913, she was assigned duty as an aeronautic station ship at Pensacola, Florida.  With the outbreak of fighting in Mexico in April 1914, Mississippi sailed to Veracruz, arriving with the first detachment of naval aviators to go into combat. In June 1914 she returned to Hampton Roads, where in July she was decommissioned and transferred to the Greek Navy.

USS Idaho (BB-24)

The second Idaho (Battleship No. 24) was laid down in 1904, launched in 1905, and commissioned in mid-1908. She was given shakedown cruise off the coast of Cuba in 1908, then returned to Philadelphia for final fitting out and repairs.

In the summer of 1908, she transported a detachment of marines to Colon in the Canal Zone to support a peaceful election process.
In early 1909, she met the Great White Fleet upon its return to the U.S. and was reviewed by the President.  For the remainder of the year and into 1910, she alternated between the waters off New England and southern waters, including the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico, along with a voyage in the Mississippi River and war games out of Guantanamo Bay.

In late 1910, she sailed across the Atlantic with the Third Division of the Atlantic Fleet to Gravesend Bay, England, and then to Brest, France, returning to Guantanamo Bay in early 1911.

After routine service with the Atlantic Fleet and in Cuban waters, Idaho toured Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River in 1911, visiting many ports on the Mississippi River.

In February 1913, unrest in Mexico led to a coup d'état and the death of deposed President Francisco I. Madero. For the protection of American interests, Idaho deployed to Tampico in May and to Veracruz in June. Upon returning, she was placed in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet on 27 October 1913.

Idaho remained in reserve until recommissioned at Philadelphia in March 1914.  In mid-year, she steamed to the Mediterranean with a group of midshipmen on board.  After visiting several ports, she arrived at the French port of Villefranche on 17 July 1914.  There, she was formally transferred to the Greek Navy on 30 July 1914.

Greek service

Diplomatic tensions between Greece and the Ottoman Empire following the 1912–13 Balkan Wars resulted in each seeking to buy powerful warships abroad that would enable them to control the Aegean Sea.  Idaho and  Mississippi were sold on 8 July 1914, to Fred J. Gauntlett, an intermediary, who in turn sold them to the Greek government.  The proceeds of the sale were used to increase the budget for the 1915 fiscal year, funding the building of a third  super-dreadnought, .

Mississippi was renamed  for the crucial battle of the Second Balkan War, while Idaho became  in honor of a victorious naval battle over the Turkish Navy during the First Balkan War. Though their service was uneventful, these ships served to balance German capital ships which were acquired by rival Turkey.

The design limitations and poor seakeeping tendencies were not as critical in that strategic environment and the calmer seas of the Mediterranean. U.S. Ambassador to Turkey Henry Morgenthau, Sr. wrote, "Those battleships immediately took their places as the most powerful vessels of the Greek Navy, and the enthusiasm of the Greeks in obtaining them was unbounded."

World War I
In 1916,  a serious division in the Greek government developed between King Constantine I and Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over whether Greece should enter World War I. This became known as the "National Schism", where separate governments emerged.

Defections by units of the Greek Navy to the Venizelist factions provoked a Royalist purge of Venizelist officers and men from the Greek Navy. French Admiral Fournet, the Commander in Chief of the Allied Squadron, perceived the Greek fleet as a menace to the Entente powers in the Aegean. He delivered an ultimatum to the Greeks to sequester the small ships and disable the large ones. On 19 October 1916, the breech blocks, munitions, and torpedoes were removed from Lemnos and Kilkis. At the same time, the crews were reduced to one-third of normal size.

In June 1917, Greece was reunified under Venizelos and declared war against the Central Powers. Restoration of the Greek Navy was slow due to British and French disagreements and the difficulty in guaranteeing the officers and crews would support a war against the Central Powers.  When France returned the ships, Lemnos and Kilkis took part in Allied operations in the Aegean.  The greatest Allied need in the Mediterranean was for antisubmarine units, thus battleships were not a priority.

After World War I, both ships saw action in 1919 under the command of Rear Admiral G. Kakoulidis, RHN, when the Greek Navy took part in the Allied expedition in support of Denikin's White Armies in the Ukraine.

Later careers
The ships were also active in the operations of the Greco-Turkish War in Asia Minor from 1919 to 1922. As the Greeks had been on the winning side in World War I and the Ottoman Empire was one of the defeated powers, the Greeks were awarded large areas of mixed Turkish and Greek populations on the Asian coast of the Aegean Sea. On 15 May 1919, 20,000 Greek soldiers landed in Smyrna and took control of the city and its surroundings under cover of the Greek, French, and British navies. Lemnos was the flagship to the Second Fleet, based in Smyrna, under Rear Admiral G. Kalamidas; her mission was surveillance of the Black Sea, Dardanelles, and Asia Minor coasts. Over time, France and Italy became supportive of the emerging Turkish republic. Britain remained supportive of Greece, but opposed Greek moves against Istanbul in 1922. With waning support, the Greek army was defeated, and Greece was driven out of Asia by the Turks in late 1922, resulting in years of political and economic turmoil.

Both battleships were relegated to reserve and auxiliary roles in the mid-1930s. Kilkis, which had been upgraded in the mid-1920s, became a naval artillery training facility in 1932. Lemnos guns were removed and installed in a coastal defense battery on the island of Aegina. While they were both anchored in the Salamis Naval Base on 23 April 1941, both ships were sunk during the German invasion of Greece by Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers. Kilkis was hit by bombs and went down in shallow water at her moorings; Lemnos was also hit, but was able to get underway enough to be beached. The wrecks were refloated and sold for scrap in the 1950s.

Notes

References

Bibliography

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External links
 Naval Historical Center – Mississippi class battleships
 Naval Historical Center – USS Mississippi
 Naval Historical Center – USS Idaho
 USS Mississippi – Navsource Battleship Photo Archive
 USS Idaho – Navsource Battleship Photo Archive

Battleship classes
Mississippi-class battleships

Mississippi-class battleship


Le PDG a des ratés () est une comédie érotique italienne en coproduction française réalisée par Giovanni Grimaldi et sortie en 1970.

Avec 4,3 millions de spectateurs, le film se place 20 du palmarès 1970-71 des meilleurs entrées en Italie.

Synopsis
Carlo Danieli est un industriel sicilien, un coureur de jupons très doué. Il épouse la belle Elena, mais lors de sa nuit de noces, il découvre que la jeune fille est encore vierge. Habitué à fréquenter des femmes de facile vertu, Carlo est tellement choqué par la nouvelle qu'il ne peut rien conclure.

Il se confie à un médecin qui, cependant, a la parole facile : très vite, la nouvelle se répand. La mère d'Elena, Donna Virginia, apprend également la nouvelle par sa fille et tend la main au couple pour tenter de les aider.

Carlo essaie tous les remèdes possibles, se mettant dans des situations paradoxales aux conséquences indésirables. Pour tenter d'obtenir l'effet désiré, Carlo Danieli commence à consommer une quantité considérable d'eau Pozzillo, à l'époque mise en bouteille dans le hameau d'Acireale du même nom, considérée comme thérapeutique pour ceux qui souffrent de problèmes d'érection. Cependant, rien ne change.

Ce sera Donna Virginia qui trouvera la solution : pour aider son gendre à surmonter le complexe, elle paiera une prostituée. Carlo retrouvera ainsi sa virilité et son honneur perdus.

Fiche technique
 Titre original italien :
 Titre français : Le PDG a des ratés ou Beaucoup de nuits pour rien ou La Toubib en délire ou Un os pour une nuit de noces
 Réalisateur : Giovanni Grimaldi
 Scénario : Giovanni Grimaldi  d'après la pièce Aragoste di Sicilia de Bruno Corbucci et Giovanni Grimaldi
 Photographie : Aldo Greci
 Montage :
 Musique : Riz Ortolani
 Décors : Francesco Cuppini
 Costumes :
 Production : Fulvio Lucisano, Felice Colaiacomo, Franco Poccioni
 Sociétés de production : Italian International Film, Medusa Distribuzione, Princeps Produzioni Cinematografiche e Televisive
 Pays de production :  •
 Langue originale : italien
 Format : Couleur par Eastmancolor - Son mono - 35 mm
 Durée : 93 minutes
 Genre : Comédie érotique italienne
 Dates de sortie :
 Italie :
 France :

Distribution
Lando Buzzanca : Carlo Danieli
Françoise Prévost : Virginia
Katia Christine : Elena
Alfredo Rizzo : Federico
Carletto Sposito : Totò
Linda Sini : Concettina, la femme de Totò
Enzo Garinei : Chevron
Renato Malavasi : directeur d'hôtel
Ileana Riganò : Teresa Durini
Ira von Fürstenberg : Laura, épouse de Federico
Saro Urzì : le médecin de l'hôtel

Production
Le film a été tourné principalement à Acireale, avec d'autres scènes à Aci Castello, Taormine et dans la ville de Catane.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film italien sorti en 1970
Film français sorti en 1970
Comédie érotique italienne
Comédie érotique française
Film réalisé par Giovanni Grimaldi
Film avec une musique composée par Riz Ortolani
Film en italien
Film français tourné en italien
Film tourné à Catane
Film se déroulant en Sicile
Adaptation d'une pièce de théâtre italienne au cinéma

Le PDG a des ratés


Das WOK – World of Kitchen Küchenmuseum (Kurzform: WOK-Museum) in Hannover ist das erste große Museum für Küchen in Europa. Es wurde am 15. April 2010 im Betriebsgebäude der früheren Großdruckerei Fehling im Stadtteil List eröffnet. Das Museum wird von dem Verein WOK-World of Kitchen Museum e. V. betrieben.

Beschreibung
Auf 1400 m² Ausstellungsfläche wird die Geschichte der Küchenkultur aus dem Mittelalter bis in die Neuzeit gezeigt, darunter Küchen verschiedener Nationen, Kontinente, Mythen und Märchen. Es gibt eine Halle mit Miniatur-Küchen und Puppenstuben-Küchen.

Weitere Einrichtungen des Museums sind ein Museums-Café sowie eine Schul- und Lehrküche mit einer rund 8.000 Kochbücher umfassenden Bibliothek.

Das Museum bietet täglich vier bis sechs Führungen an. Einmal im Jahr zur Nacht der Museen beleben sich die Küchen mit Laienschauspielern, die in historischen Kostümen Handwerk und Küchengeschehen vergangener Zeiten aufzeigen.

Ausstellungen
Das Küchenmuseum wurde am 15. April 2010 eröffnet. Seither wurden vierteljährlich neue Küchen-Kojen ergänzt.

Im November 2010 eröffnete die erste Sonderausstellung zum Thema 100 Jahre Weihnachtsbäckerei. Im April 2011 folgte eine große Ostereier-Sonderausstellung und ab September zogen die Exponate von AEG in die Hallen.

Vom 31. August bis 30. November 2012 fand eine Sonderausstellung zum Thema Sarotti statt. Die Geschichte der Schokoladenmarke – von 1852 bis heute – wurde mit über 500 Exponaten präsentiert.

Eine Schenkung im September 2012 ermöglicht dem Küchenmuseum den Bau einer italienischen Küche aus der Toscana mit handbemalten Möbeln aus dem Trentino sowie einem Gussherd. Wissenswertes zum Thema Pasta, Alba-Trüffel und venezianischen Tabletts erhalten Besucher bei einer Führung.

Im Oktober 2012 wurde aus der französischen Küche das Pariser Bistro « La Truffe » mit entsprechenden Schaufenstern, alten Straßenlaternen und den Bistro-Stühlen aus dem Jardin du Luxembourg. In den Auslagen waren Delikatessen ausgestellt, die die französische Küche ausmachen: Pasteten, Terrinen, Rohmilchkäse, Backwaren und Champagner. Auch Originalporzellan aus dem berühmten Pariser Bahnhofs-Restaurant Le Train Bleu wurde gezeigt.

Im Rahmen der breitgefächerten Ausstellung "Ton-Spuren-Keramik", die in 50 norddeutschen Museen ausgestellt wird, gibt es im Küchenmuseum im Jahre 2013 eine Sonderausstellung zum Thema Porzellan und deren Herstellung. Unter dem Motto "Der Elefant im Porzellan-Laden" zeigt die Ausstellung unter anderem die private Sammlung von 600 Kaffeekannen aus zwei Jahrhunderten in vielen Formen und Farben. Außerdem wird die Herstellung von Porzellan an kleinen Modellen in der Größe von Puppenstuben-Geschirr gezeigt.

Im September 2013 präsentierte die Sonderausstellung "Kaffee und Tee aus Übersee …" die Geschichte der Getränke und ihrer Zubereitung. Zum Thema gehörten auch Kakaobohnen und ihre Verarbeitung.

Im November 2013 wurde eine Küche aus dem Alten Land eingerichtet. Die gedrechselten Hochzeits-Möbel aus den 1920er Jahren haben eine lange Tradition in der Elbmarsch.

2014 konnte nach langer Suche endlich die erste Einbauküche, die Frankfurter Küche von Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky in der Ausstellung übernommen werden. Diese wurde 1926 für die Ernst May Siedlung in Frankfurt geschaffen und kostete damals 500 Reichsmark. Die Sonder-Ausstellung "Very Britisch" war im Jahr der Personalunion ein Publikumsmagnet.

2015 ist der Japanische Tee(t)raum entstanden. Außerdem hat das Skandinavische Haus mit einer Schwedenküche von 1930 und die amerikanische TV-Show-Küche "Dinner & Diner" Einzug gehalten. Die "Pudding-Küche" ist die Sonderausstellung zum Thema herzhafte und süße Puddings seit 1305. Hier sind unter anderem viele Formen und Verkaufshilfen von Dr. Oetker zu sehen.

2016 folgte die Sonder-Ausstellung "Mein Herz ich liebe Dich", mit einer Präsentation von über 300 Herzen aus einer 1200 Herzen umfassenden privaten Sammlung. Ob Gold, Silber, Glas, Porzellan oder aus Zuckerguss,  alle Exponate zeugten von einer großen Liebe des Sammler-Ehepaares.

Durch einen Internet-Aufruf erhielt das Museum 2018 die Einrichtung einer Konditorei mit Backstube. Damit bekamen die 40 Torten der privaten Sammlung von Konditor Günter Ognibeni aus Braunschweig ein neues Zuhause.

Eine Küche aus Andalusien, in schwarzem Ebenholz, zog 2019 in den maurischen Palast ein. Diese Schenkung aus Barsinghausen kam von einer Auswanderin aus Spanien, die hier eine neue Heimat fand.

Durch die Zusammenarbeit mit dem Stuhlmuseum in Einbeckshausen war es dem Küchen-Museum 2019 möglich eine Sonder-Ausstellung über die Geschichte der Produktion und Mode von Küchenstühlen der letzten 150 Jahren zu zeigen.

Für das Jubiläumsjahr 2020 wurde ein aufwendiges Konzept erarbeitet. Dieses konnte durch die Corona-Pandemie nicht umgesetzt werden und wird nachgeholt. Dazu gehört die  Sonderausstellung "Die Schatzkammer der antiken Kochbücher ist gefüllt" mit den Kochbüchern von Marc Biberbach, dem Hofkoch von Kaiserin Elisabeth (Sissi) und Kaiser Franz-Josef in der Wiener Hofburg.

Verein

Der gemeinnützige Verein trägt sich über die Besuchereinnahmen und erhält keine öffentlichen Fördermittel. Er hat es sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, Kindern und Jugendlichen – vom Vorschulalter bis zu Berufseinsteigern – das Wissen der Ernährungsbildung zu vermitteln. Führungen für Schulklassen und das Erlernen des Umgangs und der Zubereitung der Lebensmittel werden angeboten.

Zehn Jahre nach Eröffnung des Museums hat der Verein in der integrierten Schulküche bereits unzählige Kochkurse mit über 20.000 Kindern und Jugendlichen durchgeführt.

Vereinsmitglieder nahmen im September 2013 auf Einladung an der Steuben-Parade in New York teil, bei der sie das WOK-Küchenmuseum in traditionellen Küchenkostümen präsentierten. Beim Empfang des Bürgermeisters von New York, Michael Bloomberg, erhielt das Museum die Silber-Medaille, die im Museum ausgestellt ist.

2013 gehörte der Verein zu den Preisträgern des am 30. November 2013 verliehenen Niedersachsenpreises für Bürgerengagement, den das Land Niedersachsen, die VGH Versicherungen und die Niedersächsischen Sparkassen stiften. Damit wurde der Verein unter Vorsitz von Carl-Werner Möller-Hof zum Berge für das Engagement, über 8000 Kindern gesunde Ernährung in der Schulküche vermittelt zu haben, gewürdigt.

Weblinks

 Homepage des Museums
 Videoclips auf youtube.com (Auswahl):
 WOK-Museum, Europas erstes aktives Küchen-Museum in einer Fernsehsendung des Norddeutschen Rundfunks

Einzelnachweise

Museum in Hannover
Gegründet 2010
Museum (Essen und Trinken) in Deutschland
Küche
List (Hannover)
Essen und Trinken (Niedersachsen)

WOK – World of Kitchen Museum


3. ŽNL Istarska  sezoni 2016./17. predstavlja 3. rang županijske lige u Istarskoj županiji, te ligu sedmog ranga hrvatskog nogometnog prvenstva.
Liga je bila podijeljena na dvije skupine – Jug s 12 klubova i Sjever sa 16 klubova. Prvaci su bili Plomin u južnoj i Kaštelir Labinci u sjevernoj skupini.

Jug

Sudionici
 Arne Peruški
 Barban 2013
 Cement Koromačno
 Jedinstvo Bale
 Kanfnar
 Manjadvorci
 Marčana
 Plomin
 Polet Snašići
 Pomorac Krnica
 Raša 1938
 Štinjan Pula

Ljestvica

Rezultaska križaljka

Sjever
Liga igrana po skupinama u dva dijela. U prvom dijelu igrane dvije skupine po osam klubova (Sjever A i Sjever B) dvokružnim liga-sustavom (14 kola). Prve četiri momčadi iz obje skupine su se plasirale u drugi krug u Sjever I gdje su razigravali za prvaka, a igrano je vostrukim liga-sustavom (osam kola) protiv klubova iz druge skupine, uz prenesene međusovbne rezultate. Klubovi od 5. do 8. mjesta u skupinama Sjever A i Sjever B su igrali razigravanje u skupini Sjever II jednokružno protiv klubova iz druge skupine, uz prenesene međusobne rezultate.

Sudionici
 Babići
 Dinamo Sveta Marija na Krasu
 Galeb Juricani
 Grožnjan-Oprtalj
 Istra Tar
 Kaštelir Labinci
 Livade
 Marušići
 Moela Umag
 Momjan 1947
 Montraker Vrsar
 Petrovija
 Savudrija
 Sveti Lovreč
 Višnjan
 Vižinada

Prvi dio sezone
 – plasirali se u skupinu "Sjever I" (za 1. do 8. mjesto)
 – plasirali se u skupinu "Sjever II" (za 9. – 16. mjesto)

Sjever A
Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

Sjever B

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

Drugi dio sezone

Sjever I

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

Sjever II

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

Poveznice
 3. ŽNL Istarska
 1. ŽNL Istarska 2016./17.
 2. ŽNL Istarska 2016./17.
 Kup Nogometnog saveza Županije Istarske 2016./17.
 Nogometni savez Županije Istarske
 nsz.hr, 3. ŽNL Jug
 nszi.hr, 3. ŽNL Sjever A
 nszi.hr, 3. ŽNL Sjever B
 nszi.hr, 3. ŽNL Sjever I
 nszi.hr, 3. ŽNL Sjever II
 nszi.hr, Bilteni

Izvori
<small>
 nszi.hr, 3. ŽNL Istarska seniori Jug 2016./17. , pristupljeno 29. svibnja 2017.
 nszi.hr, Bilten NS Istarske županije, Natjecateljska godina 2016./2017., br. 44 (367/2017), objavljeno 24. svibnja 2017., preuzeto 29. svibnja 2017.
 nszi.hr, 3. ŽNL Istarska seniori Sjever A 2016./17. , pristupljeno 29. svibnja 2017.
 nszi.hr, 3. ŽNL Istarska seniori Sjever B 2016./17. , pristupljeno 29. svibnja 2017.
 nszi.hr, Bilten NS Istarske županije, Natjecateljska godina 2016./2017., br. 37 (227/2017), objavljeno 5. travnja 2017., preuzeto 29. svibnja 2017. </ref> ŽNS Istarski, Bilten
 nszi.hr, 3. ŽNL Istarska seniori Sjever I 2016./17. , pristupljeno 29. svibnja 2017., 2. lipnja 2017.
 nszi.hr, Bilten NS Istarske županije, Natjecateljska godina 2016./2017., br. 45 (374/2017), objavljeno 31. svibnja 2017., preuzeto 2. lipnja 2017.
 nszi.hr, 3. ŽNL Istarska seniori Sjever II 2016./17. , pristupljeno 29. svibnja 2017., 2. lipnja 2017.
 nszi.hr, Bilten NS Istarske županije, Natjecateljska godina 2016./2017., br. 43 (348/2017) , objavljeno 17. svibnja 2017., preuzeto 2. lipnja 2017.
 nszi.hr, Bilten NS Istarske županije, Natjecateljska godina 2016./2017., br. 47 (383/2017), objavljeno 9. lipnja 2017., preuzeto 18. lipnja 2017.
 rsssf.com, Hrvatska 2016./17., 7. rang - 3. ŽNL
 </small>

2016-17
Istarska-3

3. ŽNL Istarska 2016./17.


Serdar Özkan (d. 1 Ocak 1987, Düzce) sağ kanat pozisyonunda görev yapan Türk millî futbolcudur.

Kulüp kariyeri

Beşiktaş
Serdar Özkan'a futbola 12 yaşında lisanslı olarak Beşiktaş'ta başladı. 2002-03 sezonunun ikinci yarısında Beşiktaş A2'de oynarken, dönemin teknik direktörü Mircea Lucescu tarafından A takıma çağrıldı. 2002'de profesyonel sözleşme imzaladı. Böylece profesyonellikle tanışan Serdar, henüz 16 yaşındayken takımının UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi kadrosunda da yer aldı. Beşiktaş forması ile ilk maçı 17 Aralık 2003'te Kocaelispor ile oynanan Türkiye Kupası maçı oldu. 65. dakikada Tümer Metin'in yerine girdi. 3 gün sonra Çaykur Rizespor ile oynanan maç ise ilk lig maçı oldu. 66. dakikada Emre Aşık'ın yerine girdi. 2004-05 sezonunu genel olarak yedek geçirdi. Göztepe ile oynanan kupa maçında ilk kez ilk 11'de forma giydi. Devre arasında İstanbulspor'a kiralık veridi fakat Serdar burada hiç maç oynamadı.

2005-06 sezonunda ise 1. Lig ekiplerinden Akçaabat Sebatspor'a kiralandı. Burada 32 maçta forma giyerek takımın değişilmez oyuncularından biri oldu. 2006-07 sezonuna Beşiktaş A2'de başlayan Serdar, sezonun ikinci yarısı yine 1. Lig takımı Samsunspor'a kiralandı.

2007-08 sezonunda teknik direktör Ertuğrul Sağlam tarafından kadroya tekrar çağrıldı. Özellikle 1 Ağustos 2007 günü yapılan FC Sheriff ile oynanan UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi 2. ön eleme maçında  büyük bir başarı gösterip Beşiktaş kadrosununun vazgeçilmez isimlerinden biri oldu. Ligin ilk maçı olan Konyaspor maçına ilk 11'de çıkıp, ilk kez 90 dakika forma giydi. Sezon içindeki performansıyla Türkiye millî futbol takımına da çağrıldı. Aynı sezon Şampiyonlar Ligi A grubu'nda 24 Ekim 2007 tarihinde oynanan ve Beşiktaş'ın 2-1'lik sonuçla kazandığı Liverpool maçındaki ilk golü de Serdar Özkan atmıştır.

2008-09 sezonunda Beşiktaş hem Süper Ligi hem de Türkiye Kupası şampiyonu olurken, Serdar Özkan toplam 31 maçta forma giyerek takımın bu başarısında önemli bir pay sahibi oldu. Ancak 2009-10 sezonunda teknik direktör Mustafa Denizli tarafından tercih edilen futbolculardan biri olmadı.

Galatasaray
Arda Turan'ın da önerisiyle 18 Mayıs 2010 tarihinde Galatasaray'dan yapılan açıklama ile Bucasporlu Mehmet Batdal ile birlikte Haziran 2010'dan geçerli olmak üzere üçer yıllık sözleşme imzalamışlardır. Resmi olmasa da Fenerbahçe ile 21 Temmuz 2010 günü oynanan Spor Toto Dostluk Maçı'nda ilk 11 başlayan Serdar, bu maçta 90 dakika sahada kalsa da Fenerbahçe yurt dışında oynanan bu maçı kazanmıştır. İlk resmi maçına ise 29 Temmuz 2010 günü Beograd karşısında çıkan Serdar, 59 dk forma giymiştir. Daha sonra UEFA Avrupa Ligi'nde oynanan Karpaty Lviv maçlarında da forma giyen Özkan, ilerleyen tarihlerde ise Frank Rijkaard tarafından yeterli bulunmamış ve şans bulamamıştır. Bu süreçte formasını Juan Pablo Pino'ya kaptıran Özkan, Gheorghe Hagi'nin teknik direktörlüğe getirilmesiyle ilk Süper Lig karşılaşmasına 4 Aralık 2010 günü Kasımpaşa SK karşısında çıkmış, Galatasarayı'ın 0-3 kazandığı maçta 15 dk süre almıştır. Daha sonra 19 Aralık günü oynanan Konyaspor maçına ilk 11'de başlayan Serdar, 80 dakika sahada kalmıştır. Galatasaray'la anlaşamayınca 12 Ocak 2011'de ise sözleşmesi karşılıklı olarak feshedilmiştir.

Ankaragücü
Bu olaylardan birkaç hafta sonra ise kadrosuna Uğur Uçar, Marek Sapara, Jan Rajnoch, Drago Gabric ve Özgür Çek gibi isimleri dahil eden MKE Ankaragücü takımıyla 2.5 yıllık sözleşme imzaladı. Ankaragücü ile ilk resmi maçına 22 Ocak günü Trabzonspor karşısında çıkan Serdar, ilk golünü ise 1-0 kazandıkları maçta eski takımı Beşiktaş'a karşı atmıştır. O sezon bir de Eskişehirspor maçında ağları sarsan Serdar, 2 tanesi Türkiye Kupası olmak üzere Ümit Özat'ın takımında 10 maçta görev yapmıştır. 2011-12 sezonunun ilk yarısında da Ankaragücü ile devam eden Serdar, sezonun ilk maçında Mersin İdman Yurdu ağlarını havalandırmıştır. O sezon maddi sıkıntılar yaşayan Ankaragücü ile 12 maça çıkmış ve 1 gol atmıştır.

Samsunspor
MKE Ankaragücü'nün iflas etmesiyle sözleşmesini tek taraflı fesh eden Özkan, devre arasında kadrosuna Uğur Boral, Theofanis Gekas gibi isimleri katan Samsunspor'a transfer olmuştur. Sezona Petkovic ile başlayan ve düşme potasında son sırada olan Samsunspor, Gekas'ın hat-trick yaptığı Fenerbahçe maçı olmak üzere galibiyetler almıştır. Serdar da Samsunspor'da içlerinde Gekas'ın attığı 3 golün 2 tanesi olmak üzere ilk 5 maçında 4 asist yapmıştır. Serdar Özkanlı takım Mesut Bakkal yönetiminde son haftaya kadar şansını sürdürmüş ancak bir alt ligin yolunu tutmuştur. Serdar o sezon 13'ü Lig olmak üzere 15 maçta forma giymiş kaçırdığı gol fırsatlarıyla gündeme gelmiştir.

Şanlıurfaspor
PTT 1. Lig takımlarından Şanlıurfaspor ile 2 yıllığına anlaştı. Bu takım ile 25 maça çıkan oyuncu 5 gol kaydetti.

Elazığspor

2013-14 sezonunda ise Elazığspor'a transfer oldu. İlk golünü 2.haftada Kardemir Karabükspor'a attı. Serdar Gürler ile kanatlarda iyi bir ikili oldu ve bu takımda ise 26 maça çıktı ve 6 gol attı. Ancak Elazığspor sezon sonunda kümede kalamadı. Serdar teknik direktör kararıyla 29-30-31.haftalarda kadro dışı kalırken, 32.haftada ise Okan Buruk tarafından takıma geri çağrılmıştır.

Sivasspor, Eskişehirspor
Sezon sonunda ise Sivasspor ile anlaşan oyuncu, Ağustos 2014'te sözleşmesini feshetti. Bu gelişmelerden sonra ise Eskişehirspor ile 2+1 yıllık sözleşme imzaladı. İlk lig maçına Konyaspor karşısında ligin ilk haftasında çıkan Serdar, 6hafta Bursaspor ile oynanan ve 2-2 beraberlikle sonuçlanan maçta ise ilk asistini Rogelio Funes Mori'ye yaptı. Serdar ilk golünü ise Türkiye Kupası maçında serbest vuruştan 90 diye tabir edilen noktaya Sinan Bolat'ın koruduğu eski takımı Galatasaray'ın kalesine gönderse de Galatasaray maçı 4-2 kazandı.

Antalyaspor
20 Temmuz 2015 tarihinde, Antalyaspor ile sözleşme imzaladı.

Gençlerbirliği
2017-18 sezonu başında bonservis bedeli olmadan Gençlerbirliği'ne transfer oldu.

Millî takım kariyeri
Genç millî takımların hepsinde mücadele etmiş olan Serdar, Türk millî takımlarına toplam 73 kez çağrılmış, 68 kez forma giymiştir.

Serdar Özkan, millî formayı ilk kez U-16 seviyesinde 16 Temmuz 2002'de Romanya ile oynanan hazırlık maçında giydi. Türkiye maçı 4-1 kazanırken Serdar da 2 gol kaydetti. U-16 ile Balkan Gençler Şampiyonu olan kadroda yer aldı ve 4 maçta 2 gol attı. Ekim 2002'de ise U-17 formasını giydi. Burada 2003 Avrupa Şampiyonası elemelerinde oynadı. Ege Kupası şampiyonu oldular. Serdar da 4 maçta 1 gol attı. Fransa'da düzenlenen Eur'altus turnuvasında da 4 maçta forma giyip 1 gol attı.

2003 yılının başında daha 16 yaşındayken U-18 forması giymeye başladı. UEFA Meridyen Kupası'na katılıp 1 oldular. Turnuvada 2 maçta forma giydi. Şubat 2005'te son kez U-18 forması giydikten sonra yaklaşık bir yıl sonra Akçabat Sebatspor'da düzenli forma giymeye başlamasıyla U-19'a çağrıldı. 2006 Mayıs'ında 2006 Avrupa 19 Yaş Altı Futbol Şampiyonası'na katılmak için oynanan eleme grubunu Türkiye birinci bitirdi. Serdar da 3 grup maçında 2 gol attı. Şampiyona da ise grup sonuncusu oldular. Serdar ise 3 grup maçının 2'sinde oynadı. Bir yıllık millî takım arasından sonra Beşiktaş'ta formayı kaptıktan sonra U-21 forması giymeye başladı. Katıldıkları Toulun turnuvasındaki 3 maçta da forma giydi.

Beşiktaş'taki performansı ile A Millî takım hocası Fatih Terim'inde gözüne girmiş ve 12 Eylül 2007'de Macaristan'a karşı oynanan EURO 2008 eleme maçında ilk kez A Millî takıma çağrılmış ve 67. dakikada oyna girmiştir. Bu maç dışında 2008'de iki hazırlık maçında da forma giymiştir.

Başarıları
  Beşiktaş
 Süper Lig Şampiyonluğu : 2002-2003, 2008-2009
 Türkiye Kupası Şampiyonluğu : 2008-2009

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Serdar Özkan - Serdar Özkan Facebook Sayfa Profili

1987 doğumlular
Düzce doğumlular
Türk erkek futbolcular
Beşiktaş JK futbolcuları
Türkiye millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Galatasaray SK futbolcuları
Gençlerbirliği SK futbolcuları
Antalyaspor futbolcuları
Şanlıurfaspor futbolcuları
Yaşayan insanlar
MKE Ankaragücü GSK futbolcuları
Süper Lig futbolcuları
Türkiye 21 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
1. Lig futbolcuları
Samsunspor futbolcuları
Türkiye 16 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Türkiye 17 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Türkiye 18 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Türkiye 19 yaş altı millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Kanat futbolcuları
Orta saha futbolcuları
Adanaspor futbolcuları

Serdar Özkan


Harsiesis may refer to:

 Horus, the Egyptian god
 Harsiesis (genus), a genus of butterflies

See also
 Harsiese (disambiguation)

Harsiesis


أقيمت انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي الخامسة في عام 1981، وهي الأولى منذ عام 1975 حيث تم حل مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1975 في عام 1976، وقد تم تحديث نظام توزيع الدوائر الانتخابية، حيث أصبحت الدوائر 25 دائرة انتخابية، ويفوز أول اثنين بالمقعد النيابي، وقد جرت الانتخابات في 23 فبراير 1981، وشارك فيها 477 مرشحا وكان عدد الناخبين 42008 ناخب.

توزيع الدوائر الانتخابية

الدائرة الأولى
 منطقة الشرق
 منطقة الدسمة
 منطقة المطبة
 منطقة دسمان
 منطقة بنيد القار

الدائرة الثانية
 منطقة المرقاب
 ضاحية عبد الله السالم

الدائرة الثالثة
 منطقة القبلة
 منطقة الشويخ
 منطقة الشامية

الدائرة الرابعة
 منطقة الدعية
 منطقة الشعب
 جزيرة فيلكا وسائر الجزر

الدائرة الخامسة
 منطقة القادسية
 منطقة المنصورية

الدائرة السادسة
 منطقة الفيحاء
 منطقة النزهة

الدائرة السابعة
 منطقة كيفان

الدائرة الثامنة
 منطقة حولي
 منطقة ميدان حولي
 منطقة النقرة
 منطقة بيان
 منطقة مشرف

الدائرة التاسعة
 منطقة الروضة

الدائرة العاشرة
 منطقة العديلية
 منطقة الجابرية
 منطقة السرة

الدائرة الحادية عشر
 منطقة الخالدية
 منطقة قرطبة
 منطقة اليرموك

الدائرة الثانية عشر
 منطقة السالمية
 منطقة البدع
 منطقة سلوى
 منطقة الراس

الدائرة الثالثة عشر
 منطقة الرميثية

الدائرة الرابعة عشر
 منطقة أبرق خيطان
 منطقة خيطان الجديدة

الدائرة الخامسة عشر
 منطقة الفروانية
 منطقة عين بغزي

الدائرة السادسة عشر
 منطقة العمرية
 منطقة الرابية
 منطقة الرقعي
 منطقة الأندلس

الدائرة السابعة عشر
 منطقة جليب الشيوخ
 منطقة الشدادية
 منطقة صيهد العوازم
 منطقة العضيلية
 منطقة العارضية

الدائرة الثامنة عشر
 منطقة الصليبيخات
 منطقة الدوحة
 منطقة أمغرة
 منطقة غرناطة

الدائرة التاسعة عشر
 منطقة الجهراء الجديدة
 منطقة الصليبية والمساكن الحكومية

الدائرة العشرون
 منطقة الجهراء وحدود الكويت مع العراق شمالا وغربا وحدود الكويت مع السعودية حتى المتياهة.

الدائرة الحادية والعشرون
 مدينة الأحمدي
 منطقة المقوع
 منطقة واره
 منطقة الصبيحية
 منطقة الجعيدان حتى حدود الكويت مع السعودية
 منطقة هدية
 منطقة الفنطاس
 منطقة المهبولة
 منطقة أبو حليفة
 منطقة الفنيطيس
 منطقة المسيلة
 ضاحية صباح السالم

الدائرة الثانية والعشرون
 منطقة الرقة

الدائرة الثالثة والعشرون
 منطقة الصباحية

الدائرة الرابعة والعشرون
 منطقة الفحيحيل
 منطقة المنقف

الدائرة الخامسة والعشرون
 منطقة أم الهيمان
 ميناء عبد الله
 منطقة الزور
 منطقة الوفرة حتى حدود الكويت الجنوبية مع السعودية.

الفائزون حسب الدوائر

الدائرة الأولى
 عدنان عبد الصمد
 خالد الجميعان

الدائرة الثانية
 محمد أحمد الرشيد
 خالد سلطان بن عيسى

الدائرة الثالثة
 جاسم حمد الصقر
 جاسم الخرافي

الدائرة الرابعة
 فيصل القضيبي
 بدر المضف

الدائرة الخامسة
 محمد حبيب البدر
 عبد المحسن يوسف جمال

الدائرة السادسة
 مشاري جاسم العنجري
 حمود الرومي

الدائرة السابعة
 محمد يوسف العدساني
 جاسم العون

الدائرة الثامنة
 أحمد الطخيم
 عيسى المزيدي

الدائرة التاسعة
 جاسر الجاسر
 عيسى ماجد الشاهين

الدائرة العاشرة
 صالح يوسف الفضالة
 يوسف الغانم

الدائرة الحادية عشر
 أحمد عبد العزيز السعدون
 محمد المرشد

الدائرة الثانية عشر
 سالم الحماد
 مرضي الأذينة

الدائرة الثالثة عشر
 ناصر صرخوه
 خالد الوسمي

الدائرة الرابعة عشر
 ناصر العصيمي - (وفاة) ونجح بالتكميلية حمود الجبري
 عبد الرزاق الصانع

الدائرة الخامسة عشر
 خالد النزال المعصب
 فايز الرشيدي

الدائرة السادسة عشر
 محمد البراك
 نايف أبورمية

الدائرة السابعة عشر
 عبد الكريم هلال الجحيدلي
 فيصل بندر الدويش

الدائرة الثامنة عشر
 خلف دميثير
 صياح أبو شيبه

الدائرة التاسعة عشر
 مطلق الشليمي
 مطلق المسعود

الدائرة العشرون
 فلاح مبارك الحجرف
 محمد ضيف الله القحص

الدائرة الحادية والعشرون
 خالد العجران
 خليفة الجري

الدائرة الثانية والعشرون
 هادي الحويلة
 مريخان العجمي

الدائرة الثالثة والعشرون
 حزام الميع
 مبارك راعي الفحماء

الدائرة الرابعة والعشرون
 مبارك عبد الله الدبوس
 راشد سيف الحجيلان

الدائرة الخامسة والعشرون
 هاضل الجلاوي
 عايض علوش العازمي

مصادر

 توزيع الدوائر الانتخابية
 النواب الفائزون

الكويت في 1981
الانتخابات في الكويت
انتخابات آسيا في 1981
انتخابات غير حزبية
مجلس الأمة الكويتي

انتخابات مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1981


Loža i kula-sat Leroj u gradiću Hvaru, Trg sv. Stjepana 6, Grad Hvar, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Povijest
Kao i ini jadranski gradovi, Hvar je imao svoju gradsku ložu — natkriveni prostor gdje su mjesni uglednici donosili važne odluke i raspravljali o brojnim temama.( Hvar je u prošlosti imao više gradskih lođa. Prvu pisci spominju u vrelu iz 1289., spominje se u Hvarskom statutu iz 1331., ali se toj loži ne zna izgled ni lokacija. Nova je sagrađena za kneževanja Viktora Dieda, nakon hvarskog pučkog ustanka (1510. — 1514.), pa se po njemu zvala jedno vrijeme Diedova loža. U osmanskom napadu na Hvar kolovoza 1571. je srušena.( Novu, t.j. popravljenu i restauriranu staru ložu (Lođu) je izgradio graditelj s Brača Tripun Bokanić početkom 17. stoljeća u renesansno-baroknom stilu na mjestu te starije renesansne lože iz 15. stoljeća. Služila je kao javna sudnica, prostor za javne dražbe (za zakup poreza i carina) i skladište. Kursalon (mjesto za okupljanje i druženje građana) postala je 1868. godine nakon osnivanja jednog od prvih turističkih društava u Europi - Higijeničkog društva. Kursalon je bio hotelska kavana, čitaonica, plesna dvorana i okupljalište hvarske društvene elite.

Opis dobra

Gradska loža
Gradnja se pripisuje Tripunu Bokaniću. Vidljivi su utjecaji arhitekture M. Sanmmichelija. Ističe se sa šest polukružnih otvora i zaključkom ukrašenim gugliama. Pročelje krasi balustrada od niza stupića s piramidalnim ukrasima, a svoj konačni izgled dobiva početkom 17. st. U prošlosti je loža bila ukrašena raznim bojama. Danas ima toplu boju kamena. Pozornost je privlačila skladnim lukovima, na čijim su vrhovima isklesane ljudske glave, prema gradskoj legendi prikazi osuđenih vođa Pučkog ustanka koji su postavljeni za opomenu Hvaranima. No, isklesana su i četiri ženska lika, koje nisu nikako mogle biti revolucionarke. Na zadnjem istočnom luku je prikaz mladog čovjeka bez bora – istok kao simbol početka života i mladosti. Nad ulaznim vratima je lik bradatog starijeg muškarca čija kruna na njegovoj glavi simbolizira astrološki regnum – kraljevstvo, deseto polje karijere koje se nalazi u sunčevom zenitu. Na zadnjem luku na zapadnoj strani lik je bradatog, izboranog starca s kapom, simbol odlaska, zalaska, skorog kraja života.

Leroj
Toranj sa satom je prislonjen uz Lođu. Kula sa satom (Leroj), izvorno u sustavu obrambenih zidina grada, pripadala je sklopu Kneževe (komunalne) palače koja je porušena prigodom izgradnje hotela Palace u međuratnom razdoblju.
Srednjovjekovna je romanička četvrtasta kula u sklopu jugozapadnog ruba gradskih zidina. U drugoj polovini 15. stoljeća je dobila javni sat. Sat je u kulu ugrađen godine 1466. odlukom kneza Veniera.
Otada se naziva Leroj (mjesni hvarski naziv). Gradski javni sat poslije je dobio zvono ukrašeno religijskim motivima, koje je smješteno na vrhu tornja i sve do nedavno je označavalo vrijeme. Zvono koje je danas na krovu kule potječe iz 1564. godine.
U današnjem obliku uređena je krajem 17. stoljeća.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-6442 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "javne građevine".

Izvori

Zaštićene javne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Građevine u Hvaru

Loža i kula-sat Leroj u Hvaru


Die Marinefliegerlehrgruppe war eine Ausbildungseinrichtung der Bundesmarine für das Personal der Marinefliegerverbände. Sie bestand von 1963 bis 1965 und von 1968 bis 1997.

Geschichte
Die Marinefliegerlehrgruppe wurde zunächst am 1. April 1963 in Eckernförde aufgestellt, jedoch bereits am 1. Juli 1965 wieder aufgelöst, um eine Neuaufstellung an einem anderen Standort vorzubereiten.

Am 1. Oktober 1968 entstand die neue Marinefliegerlehrgruppe auf dem Fliegerhorst Schleswig des Marinefliegergeschwaders 1. 1972 verlegte sie auf den Flughafen Sylt bei Westerland. Dort übernahm sie Einrichtungen der Luftwaffe, darunter drei große Flugzeughallen, in denen die Ausbildungsanlagen eingerichtet werden konnten. 1997 wurde die Marinefliegerlehrgruppe aufgelöst. Verbleibende Ausbildungsaufgaben übernahm die Marinetechnikschule in Parow, die einen Teil der Anlagen in Westerland bis 2005 weiterbetrieb. Die Inspektion Überleben auf See ist seit 1993 dem Marinefliegergeschwader 3 "Graf Zeppelin" unterstellt.

Auftrag und Aufgaben
Der Auftrag der Marinefliegerlehrgruppe beschränkte sich auf die Ausbildung des technischen Bodenpersonals für Luftfahrzeuge der Marine, soweit sie nicht durch die Luftwaffe durchgeführt wurde, sowie der Soldaten des Flugsicherung/Flugabfertigungsdienstes. Zeitweise fand außerdem die militärische Grundausbildung für die Soldaten des Marinefliegerdienstes an der Marinefliegerlehrgruppe statt. Hinzu kamen die Lehrgänge "Überleben auf See" für das gesamte fliegende Personal der Bundeswehr und für Angehörige der Polizei, des Bundesgrenzschutzes, der Flugzeugindustrie und verbündeter Streitkräfte.

An der Marinefliegerlehrgruppe fand die fachliche Ausbildung für folgende Verwendungsreihen (VR) statt, sofern sie nicht für bestimmte Flugzeugtypen durch die Luftwaffe durchgeführt wurde:
Luftfahrzeugwaffen (VR 52)
Luftfahrzeugelektrik (VR 53)
Luftfahrzeugtriebwerk (VR 54)
Fluggerätemechanik (VR 55)
Flugabfertigung (VR 58)

Ende der 1980er Jahre wurden jährlich etwa 300 Maate und 180 bis 200 weitere Soldaten ausgebildet. Zusammen mit den Teilnehmern der Ausbildung "Überleben auf See" ergab sich eine Gesamtzahl an Ausbildungsteilnehmern von etwa 2750 pro Jahr. Hinzu kamen etwa zivile 85 Auszubildende.

Organisation

Die Marinefliegerlehrgruppe war ein Ausbildungsverband auf der Bataillonsebene, der von einem Kommandeur im Dienstgrad eines Fregattenkapitäns geführt wurde. Sie unterstand anfangs direkt der Marinefliegerdivision und wurde 1980 truppendienstlich dem Marineamt zugeordnet. Das Personal bestand Ende der 1980er Jahre aus etwa 150 Soldaten und 130 Zivilbediensteten.

Beim Aufbau der Marinefliegerlehrgruppe 1968 wurden zunächst zwei Inspektionen aufgestellt. 1969 kam die auf dem Fliegerhorst Nordholz stationierte 3. Inspektion für die Ausbildung "Überleben auf See" hinzu. Weil die Marine ihr Ausbildungskonzept für Mannschaften und Unteroffiziere geändert hat, wurden 1973 zwei weitere Inspektionen aufgestellt. Zwei der Inspektionen in Westerland dienten der militärischen Grundausbildung, die anderen beiden der fachlichen Weiterbildung. 1976 wurde eine zivile Ausbildungswerkstatt mit 48 Plätzen für die Ausbildung zum Fluggerätemechaniker eingerichtet. Im Zuge weiterer Umstellungen der Ausbildung wurde die Anzahl der Inspektionen in Westerland 1980 auf drei und 1988 auf zwei reduziert, während die nunmehr als 1. Inspektion bezeichnete Einheit "Überleben auf See" in Nordholz bestehen blieb.

Danach war die Marinefliegerlehrgruppe wie folgt gegliedert:

Kommandeur
Stab und Stabskompanie
1. Inspektion (Nordholz)
2. Inspektion
3. Inspektion
Luftfahrzeugtechnischer Bereich
Ausbildungswerkstatt

Zum luftfahrzeugtechnischen Bereich gehörten Übungsanlagen für Ausbildung an den Flugzeugmustern Breguet Atlantic, SeaKing und SeaLynx. Hinzu kam eine Munitionsammlung für die Ausbildung des Waffenpersonals.

Kommandeure (Auswahl)

 Korvettenkapitän Horst Müller: von April 1963 bis Juli 1965
 Korvettenkapitän Hans-Leopold Ochernal: von Juli 1968 bis September 1968 mit der erneuten Aufstellung beauftragt
 Fregattenkapitän Otto Behringer: von Oktober 1968 bis März 1969
 Fregattenkapitän Gerhard Kramer: von April 1969 bis Oktober 1973
 Fregattenkapitän Bernhard Teutsch: von November 1973 bis September 1977
 Fregattenkapitän Ehrhart Kaiser: ab Oktober 1977

Literatur
Deutsches Marine Institut (Hrsg.). Marineflieger – Von der Marineluftschiffabteilung zur Marinefliegerdivision. Herford 1988. ISBN 3-8132-0295-X

Weblinks
Bundesarchiv/Militärarchiv zur Marinefliegerlehrgruppe

Ausbildungseinrichtung in der Marine (Bundeswehr)
Marineflieger
Organisation (Sylt, Gemeinde)
Gegründet 1963
Geschichte (Sylt, Gemeinde)
Bildungseinrichtung in Schleswig-Holstein
Historische Organisation (Schleswig-Holstein)

Marinefliegerlehrgruppe