Zakir Husain Khan (8 February 1897 – 3 May 1969) was an Indian educationist and politician who served as the third president of India from 13 May 1967 until his death on 3 May 1969.

Born in Hyderabad in an Afridi Pashtun family, Husain completed his schooling in Etawah and went on to study at the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh and the University of Berlin from where he obtained a doctoral degree in economics. A close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Husain was a founding member of the Jamia Millia Islamia which was established as an independent national university in response to the Non-cooperation movement. He served as its Vice-chancellor during 1926 to 1948. In 1937, Husain chaired the Basic National Education Committee which framed a new educational policy known as Nai Talim which emphasized free and compulsory education in the first language. He was opposed to the policy of separate electorates for Muslims and, in 1946, the Muslim League under Muhammad Ali Jinnah vetoed a proposal by the Indian National Congress to include Husain in the Interim Government of India.

Following Independence and the Partition of India Husain stayed on in India and, in 1948, was appointed Vice Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University which he helped retain as a national institution of higher learning. For his services to education, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1954 and was made a nominated member of the Indian Parliament during 1952 to 1957. Husain served as Governor of Bihar from 1957 to 1962 and was elected the Vice President of India in 1962. The following year, he was conferred the Bharat Ratna. He was elected president in 1967, succeeding Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, and became the first Muslim to hold the highest constitutional office in India. He was also the first incumbent to die in office and has had the shortest tenure of any President. His mazar lies in the campus of the Jamia Millia Islamia in Delhi.

An author and translator of several books into Urdu and a prolific writer of children's books, Husain has been commemorated in India through postage stamps and several educational institutions, libraries, roads and Asia's largest rose garden that have been named after him.

Early life and family
Husain was born in Hyderabad in 1897 and was of Afridi Pashtun descent, his forefathers having settled in the town of Qaimganj in the Farrukhabad district of modern Uttar Pradesh. His father, Fida Husain Khan, moved to the Deccan and established a successful legal career in Hyderabad where he settled in 1892. Husain was the third of seven sons of Fida Khan and Naznin Begum. He was homeschooled in the Quran, Persian and Urdu and is thought that he had his primary school education at the Sultan Bazaar school in Hyderabad. Following his father's death in 1907 Husain's family shifted back to Qaimganj and he was enrolled at the Islamia High School in Etawah. Husain's mother and several members of his extended family died in a plague epidemic in 1911.

Having matriculated in 1913, he joined the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College at Aligarh and later, in preparation for a medical degree, at the Lucknow Christian College enrolling for a Bachelor of Science degree. A bout of illness led to him having to discontinue his studies and a year later he rejoined the college at Aligarh. Husain graduated in 1918 with philosophy, English literature and economics. He was elected vice president of the college's students' union and won prizes for his debating skills. Husain pursued the disciplines of law and economics for his post-graduate studies. Having obtained his master's degree in 1920, he was appointed as a lecturer at the college.

In 1915, while still pursuing his graduation, Husain married Shahjahan Begum with whom he had two daughters, Sayeeda Khan and Safia Rahman. Safia married Zil-ur-Rahman, a professor of physics at the Aligarh Muslim University while Sayeeda married Khurshed Alam Khan who served as a Union Minister and Governor. Their son Salman Khurshid became India's External Affairs Minister in 2012.

Of Husain's six brothers, Yusuf Husain became a historian and a winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award who served as Pro Vice-Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University. Mahmud Husain was closely associated with the Pakistan Movement, becoming  Minister of Education in the Government of Pakistan and Vice-Chancellor at Dhaka and Karachi Universities. His nephew, General Rahimuddin Khan went on to become Pakistan's Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and later Governor of Balochistan and Sindh. Masud Husain, the nephew from his eldest brother, became Professor Emeritus in Social Sciences at the Aligarh Muslim University and later Vice Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia.

Career

Sheikh-ul-Jamia, Jamia Millia Islamia (1926–1948)

In 1920, Mahatma Gandhi visited the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh where he urged non-cooperation with the British Raj. In response to Gandhi's appeal, a group of students and faculty joined the Non-Cooperation Movement. In October 1920 they established the Independent National University aimed at imparting education free from colonial influence. Later renamed the Jamia Millia Islamia, it shifted in 1925 from Aligarh to Delhi. Husain was one of the founders of this private university which had Maulana Muhammad Ali as its first "Sheikh-ul-Jamia" (vice-chancellor) and Hakim Ajmal Khan as the first "Amir-i-Jamia" (chancellor). Jamia, as the Turkish educationist Halide Edib noted, had two purposes: "First, to train the Muslim youth with definite ideas of their rights and duties as Indian citizens. Second, to coordinate Islamic thought and behaviour with Hindu. The general aim is to create a harmonious nationhood without Muslims losing their Islamic identity. In its aim, if not always in its procedure, it is nearer to Gandhian Movement than any other Islamic institution I have come across." In its early years, Jamia faced shortage of funds and its continued existence was uncertain especially after the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Khilafat Committee closed down.

Husain left for Germany in 1922 to do a doctorate in economics from the University of Berlin. Supervised by Werner Sombart, his thesis on the agrarian structure in British India was accepted summa cum laude in 1926. During his time in Berlin, Husain collaborated with Alfred Ehrenreich to translate into German thirty-three of Gandhi's speeches which were published in 1924 as Die Botschaft des Mahatma Gandhi. Husain got published the Diwan-e-Ghalib in 1925 and the Diwan-i-Shaida, a collection of poetry by Hakim Ajmal Khan in 1926. He returned to India in 1926 and succeeded Abdul Majeed Khwaja as "Sheikh-ul-Jamia". He was joined by Mohammad Mujeeb and Abid Husain – the latter becoming the university registrar. Husain travelled across India soliciting funds for the Jamia and got financial support from Mahatma Gandhi, the Bombay philanthropist Seth Jamal Mohammed, Khwaja Abdul Hamied the founder of the pharmaceutical firm Cipla and the Nizam of Hyderabad among others.

In 1928, a National Education Society was established to manage the affairs of the Jamia. Zakir Husain became its secretary. To be a life member of the society, members pledged their services to it for 20 years with a salary that could not exceed Rs.150. Husain was one of the 11 initial members who took the pledge. The society adopted a constitution for the university which stipulated that the Jamia would neither seek nor accept any help from the colonial administration, and that it would treat all religions impartially. Husain himself identified the aim of the Jamia as being to "keep alive Islamic culture and education and also help in the realization of the ideal of a common nationhood and the achievement of the freedom of the country […] [and that] the Jamia's objectives are Islamic education, the love of independence and service to Urdu".

Husain remained the Jamia's vice chancellor until 1948. In the 1940s he built his home, the Zakir Manzil, on the Gulmohar Avenue in Jamia Nagar. Husain was opposed to the policy of separate electorates for Muslims and was a political opponent of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim League, who vetoed the Congress proposal to include Husain as a member of the Interim Government in 1946. Husain however convinced Jinnah to attend the Jamia's silver jubilee celebration on 17 November 1946. At a time of rising animosity between the Congress and the Muslim League and worsening inter-communal relations, the celebration was attended by Jinnah, his sister Fatima and Liaquat Ali Khan from the Muslim League and Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad and C. Rajagopalachari of the Congress. In a plea to the assembled leaders, Husain said

"You, gentlemen, are the stars of the political firmament. You have a secure place in the hearts of millions of people. Taking advantage of your presence here, I wish to submit in great sorrow a few words for your consideration on behalf of the educational workers. The fire of hatred is fast spreading which makes it seem mad to tend to the garden of education. This fire is burning in a noble and humane land. How will the flowers of nobility and sensibility grow in its midst? How will we be able to improve human standards which lie today at a level far lower than that of the beasts? How shall we produce new servants devoted to the cause of education? How can you protect humanity in a world of animals? ... . An Indian poet has remarked that every child who comes to this world brings along the message that God has not yet lost faith in man. But have our countrymen so completely lost faith in themselves that they wish to crush these innocent buds before they blossom?

For God's sake sit together and extinguish this fire of hatred. This is not the time to ask who is responsible for it and what is its cause. The fire is raging. Please extinguish it. For God's sake do not allow the very foundations of civilised life in this country to be destroyed."

Basic National Education Committee (1937)
In October 1937, an All-India National Education Conference was held at Wardha under Mahatma Gandhi which sought to establish a policy for basic education in India. The conference appointed a Basic National Education chaired by Husain (also known as the Zakir Husain committee) which was tasked with preparing the detailed scheme and syllabus for this policy. The committee submitted its report in December 1937 and formulated the Wardha Scheme of Basic National Education or Nai Talim.
The policy, inter alia, proposed teaching craft work in schools, instilling ideals of citizenship, and its establishment as a self-supporting scheme. It proposed seven years of free and compulsory basic education in the mother tongue, the teaching of crafts, music and drawing and learning the Hindustani language. It also proposed a comprehensive plan for the training of teachers and framed its curriculum.

The Congress party in its Haripura session of 1938 accepted the scheme and sought to implement it nationwide. An All-India Education Board (the Hindustani Talimi Sangh) was established to implement the scheme under Husain and E.W. Aryanayakam with Gandhi as its overall supervisor. Husain remained the President of the Hindustani Talimi Sangh from 1938 to 1950 when he was succeeded by Kaka Kalelkar. The scheme was wholly opposed by the Muslim League which saw the scheme as an attempt to gradually destroy Muslim culture in India and the focus on Hindustani language as a ploy to replace Urdu with Sanskritized Hindi. The Congress party's argument that the scheme had been formulated by Husain was rejected by the Muslim League in its Patna session of 1939 where it declared that "the mere fact that the Principal of Jamia Millia at Delhi has taken a prominent part in the preparation of the scheme does not prove that it is not unsuited to the Muslims". India's National Policy on Education of 1968, 1988 and 2020 all draw on the ideas contained in the Wardha Scheme of Basic National Education.

Following the Partition of India, Husain was almost killed in communal violence at the Jalandhar railway station while he was on his way to Kashmir – an experience he described twelve years later to his friend Abdul Majid Daryabadi. On his return to Delhi, Husain worked to help the victims of rioting in Delhi. The Jamia Millia Islamia's buildings at Karol Bagh were looted and destroyed in the violence in Delhi.

Vice-Chancellor, Aligarh Muslim University (1948–1956)
Husain was appointed Vice Chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University in 1948, succeeding Nawab Ismail Khan. The university had been closely associated with the Pakistan Movement and had been a stronghold of the Muslim League. It was therefore perceived as a center of pro-Pakistan feeling and a threat to secular India. Maulana Azad, the Union Minister of Education, tasked Husain with leading the university so that it could be retained as a national institution of higher education.
Husain, who had served as a member of the Universities Commission between December 1948 and August 1949 however took regular charge only in early 1950 as he was incapacitated following a heart attack in October 1949. He set to work, attempting to dissociate the university from its past association with the Muslim League and restoring school discipline. Students released from prison for involvement in Communist activism were readmitted and socialists and communists from across North India took up the vacancies created by the departure of Muslim nationalists for Pakistan.  Husain also filled up vacant faculty positions with eminent academicians.
In 1951, Parliament enacted the Aligarh Muslim University (Amendment) Act which converted the university from a private, aided university to an autonomous institution of the Government of India, fully maintained by it. This ensured stability in the university's finances while also allowing it autonomy in governance. By the end of his tenure, Husain had turned around the fortunes of the university, helping it overcome the uncertainty it faced in independent India and become a national institution under the patronage of the Government of India.

Husain served as a nominated Member of the Rajya Sabha from 3 April 1952 to 2 April 1956 and was renominated in 1956, serving until his resignation on 6 July 1957 following his appointment as the Governor of Bihar. For his services in the areas of culture and education Husain was conferred the Padma Vibhushan in 1954. Throughout the 1950s he was associated with various organizations working in the field of education. He was chairman, India Committee, International Students Service (1955), the World University Service, Geneva during 1955–57 and was a member of the Central Board of Secondary Education (1957). He served on the executive board of the UNESCO during 1957–58.

Governor of Bihar (1957–1962)
Husain was the Governor of Bihar from 6 July 1957 to 11 May 1962. Contrary to the advice of the then Chief Minister of Bihar, Shri Krishna Sinha,  Governor Husain, who was also Chancellor of Patna University reappointed for a second term its serving Vice-Chancellor. In response, the state government considered amending the law to require the governor to appoint a vice-chancellor as advised by the chief minister. Husain however threatened to resign rather than assent to such an amendment forcing the government to drop its plans. In later appointments made as Vice-Chancellors of other state universities in Bihar, Husain accepted the advice of the Chief Minister in the exercise of his powers as Chancellor and acted accordingly although he was opposed to the appointment of non-academicians as vice chancellors to universities.

Vice President of India (1962–1967)

On 14 April 1962, the Congress party chose Husain to be its candidate for the upcoming election to the office of the Vice President of India. The election was held on 7 May 1962, and votes counted the same day. Husain won 568 of 596 votes cast while his only rival N. C. Samantsinhar won 14 votes. He was sworn in as vice president on 13 May 1962.

In 1962, Husain was nominated the Vice President of the Sahitya Akademi – a post held by his predecessor S. Radhakrishnan before his election as President of India. The following year, he was awarded the Bharat Ratna. In 1965 he served briefly as the acting president when President Radhakrishnan left for the United Kingdom to undergo treatment for cataract. It was during his acting presidency that President's rule was reimposed in Kerala after elections  held there the previous month failed to give any party a majority and efforts by the Governor to facilitate the formation of a government collapsed.

As ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, Husain gave rulings clarifying that Union ministers were entitled to speak in either house of parliament and that a sitting member of parliament who had been appointed as a Minister in a State would not be debarred from attending Parliament or voting in its debates until the member had been elected to the state legislature. In 1966, he ruled that parliamentary immunity from arrest would be limited to only civil cases and would not apply to criminal proceedings initiated against members.

President of India (1967–1969)

Husain was chosen as the Congress party's candidate to succeed Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan as the President of India in the presidential election of 1967. There was a lack of enthusiasm for the candidature of Husain within the party, but Prime Minister Indira Gandhi chose to nominate him as the party candidate over objections raised by K. Kamaraj, the party president, and other senior members of her cabinet. A coalition of seven opposition parties got the sitting Chief Justice of India, Koka Subbarao to resign his post and contest the election as their joint candidate. Unlike the three previous presidential elections, the election of 1967 proved to be a real contest between the various candidates. The campaign was marred by communal rhetoric and accusations of sectarianism being made against Husain by the Jana Sangh party. There was also speculation that Husain would lose on account of cross voting against him by Congress legislators, an outcome which would have forced the Prime Minister to resign.

There were 17 candidates in the fray for the election held on 6 May 1967. Of these, nine failed to win any vote. Husain won 4,71,244 votes against the 3,63,971 received by Subbarao. The margin of 1,07,273 votes was much larger than what was expected by the Congress party with Husain winning the most votes in Parliament and in twelve state legislatures including three where the Congress Party sat in the opposition. The results of the presidential election, coming after the general elections of 1967 where the Congress party had suffered severe setbacks, were seen as strengthening Prime Minister Gandhi. Husain was declared elected on 9 May 1967. His election as president was seen domestically as the Congress Party's attempt to reach out to the Muslims of India who had voted against it in the general elections and globally as burnishing India's claim of being a secular nation.

Husain was sworn in on 13 May 1967. In a memorable inaugural address, while dedicating himself to the service of the Indian nation and its civilization, Husain said The whole of Bharat is my home and its people are my family. The people have chosen to make me the head of this family for a certain time. It shall be my earnest endeavour to seek to make this home strong and beautiful, a worthy home for a great people engaged in the fascinating task of building up a just and prosperous and graceful life.

Husain was the first Muslim and the first governor of a state to be elected President of India. Husain's election was challenged before the Supreme Court of India on the grounds that the result of the election had been affected by undue influence exerted by the Prime Minister. The election petition filed by Baburao Patel was however dismissed by the court. During his presidential tenure, Husain led state visits to Canada, Hungary, Yugoslavia, USSR and Nepal. Husain, who had an interest in roses, is credited with having introduced several new varieties in the Mughal Gardens of the Rashtrapati Bhavan and building a glass conservatory for its collection of succulents.

Author
Husain wrote extensively in Urdu and also translated several books into that language. His translations include Friedrich List's National System of Economics, Edwin Cannan's Elements of Economics and Plato's Republic. He also wrote extensively on education in books such as Aala Taleem, Hindustan me Taleem ki az Sar-E-Nau Tanzeem, Qaumi Taleem and Taleemi Khutbat and on Urdu poets Altaf Hussain Hali in Hali: Muhibb-e-Watan and Mirza Ghalib in Intikhab-e-Ghalib. Husain wrote several stories for children which he published under a nom de plume. These include Uqab aur Doosri Kahaniyan and stories translated into English and published under The Magic Key series by Zubaan Books. Capitalism: An Essay in Understanding is a series of lectures he delivered at the Delhi University in 1946. His convocation addresses were published in 1965 as The Dynamic University. As President of India, Husain headed a committee to celebrate the Ghalib Centenary in 1969 which recommended the establishment of the Ghalib Institute as a memorial to Ghalib whereas the Ghalib Academy in Delhi was inaugurated by Husain in 1969.

Death and legacy

Husain, who had suffered a mild heart attack earlier in the year, was unwell after returning to Delhi from a tour of Assam on 26 April 1969. He died in the Rashtrapati Bhavan on 3 May 1969 of a heart attack. Vice President V. V. Giri was sworn in as acting president the same day. The Government of India declared thirteen days of national mourning. His body lay in state in the Durbar Hall of the Rashtrapati Bhavan where an estimated 200,000 people paid their tributes. The funeral was held on 5 May 1969. He is buried in the university campus of the Jamia Millia Islamia where his body was taken in a gun carriage in a ceremonial funeral procession after the janaza prayers and the national salute being offered in the Rashtrapati Bhavan. Husain's death was mourned in Pakistan as well where flags flew at half mast on the day of his funeral. Pakistan's President Yahya Khan sent the Chief of Air Staff of Pakistan Air Force and Deputy Chief Martial Law Administrator Air Marshal Malik Nur Khan as his personal representative to the funeral. George Romney, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, represented President Nixon and the United States whereas the Soviet Union was represented by its Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin. The Prime Ministers of Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and Nepal too attended the funeral. Up to a million people are thought to have lined the streets as the funeral cortege made its way to the burial ground. Husain was the first President to die in office and has served the shortest tenure in office.

Husain's tomb was built in 1971 and was designed by Habib Rahman. Its architecture reflects the influence of Bauhaus aesthetics on traditional Indian styles as seen in its eight curved, reinforced concrete walls topped by rough cut marble which have been inspired by Tughluq tombs. These tapering walls stand along a square plan to form an open structure topped by a shallow dome. The tomb has no ornamentation but features jalis and arches. The graves of Husain and his wife lie under the dome of the tomb.

Commemoration

Commemorative postage stamps on Husain were issued by India Post in 1969 and 1998.
A Rose Called Zakir Hussain – A Life of Dedication is a 1969 documentary film on the life of Husain produced by the Films Division of India. In 1975 the Delhi College, a constituent college of the Delhi University, was renamed the Zakir Hussain College. The Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies at the Jawaharlal Nehru University and the Dr. Zakir Husain Central Library of the Jamia Millia Islamia are also named after him. Delhi's Wellesley Road was renamed the Dr. Zakir Hussain Marg. The Zakir Hussain Rose Garden in Chandigarh, which is Asia's largest rose garden, is also named after Hussain. Dr. Zakir Hussain – Teacher who became President, a book on Husain by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations, was released in 2000.

State honours

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

 "A Rose Called Zakir Hussain – A Life of Dedication", by Films Division, India, 1969 (Hindi)
 Basic National Education: Report of the Zakir Husain Committee and the detailed syllabus with a foreword by Mahatma Gandhi.

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1897 births
1969 deaths
University of Allahabad alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
Recipients of the Bharat Ratna
Governors of Bihar
Indian Muslims
Jamia Millia Islamia
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs
People from Etawah
Indian people of Pashtun descent
People from Farrukhabad
Presidents of India
Vice presidents of India
Politicians from Hyderabad, India
Vice-Chancellors of the Aligarh Muslim University
Burials in India
Founders of Indian schools and colleges

Zakir Husain


Laptev Denizi () Arktik Okyanusu'nde yer alan bir kenar denizdir. Sibirya ve Taymir Yarımadası'nın arasındadır. Denizin yaklaşık yüzölçümü 672,000 km²dir. Denizin adı onu bulan iki Rus kâşif Dmitry Laptev ve Khariton Laptev'den gelmektedir. Laptev Denizi, Ağustos ve Eylül ayları boyunca gemi ile geçilebilir. Yılın diğer ayları buzullarla kaplıdır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Türkiye'deki körfezler listesi

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Dış bağlantılar

Laptev Denizi


Macajuba es un municipio brasileño del estado de Bahía. Su población estimada en 2004 era de 11.984 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bahía

Macajuba


Turska peć, pećina s prapovijesnim arheološkim nalazištem iznad zaseoka Zeljovićâ, općina Dugi Rat, predstavlja zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Nalazi u njoj datiraju od 6. st. pr. Kr. do 15. stoljeća. Arheološko nalazište pećina Turska peć, nalazi se na južnom pristanku planine Perun iznad naselja Sumpetar odnosno zaseoka Zeljovići na prostoru općine Dugi Rat. Špilja je duga 40 m., a dimenzije otvora su 11,8 m. x 10,3 m. Iznad same pećine, po vrhovima perunskog masiva smjestilo se nekoliko gradinskih objekata kao i kamenih gomila-tumula. Ti objekti nesumnjivo dokazuju prisutnost čovjeka na tom prostoru u periodima kasnog brončanog ili željeznog doba.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-7359 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - arheologija, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "kopnena arheološka zona/nalazište".

Izvori

Zaštićene kopnene arheološke zone i nalazišta u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Špilje u Hrvatskoj
Prapovijesni arheološki lokaliteti u Hrvatskoj
Dugi Rat

Turska peć


Die critica ist eine linke Studentenzeitung. Sie erscheint einmal pro Semester und ist mit einer Auflage von 100.000 Exemplaren nach eigenen Angaben die größte von Studenten erstellte Zeitung Deutschlands.

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Die critica beinhaltet die Themenbereiche Politik, Bildung, soziale Lage der Studenten, Kultur und Satire.

Seit Dezember 2013 erscheint im Onlineangebot der Tageszeitung Neues Deutschland ein monatlicher Blog der critica Redaktion, der sich kritisch mit der Lage von Studenten auseinandersetzt.

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Seit Herbst 2011 betreibt die critica-Redaktion einen eigenen Onlineauftritt. Auf critica-online erscheinen mehrmals pro Woche Artikel und Interviews in den Ressorts Politik, Bildung und Kultur. Außerdem gibt es das Ressort "Theorie und Praxis" in dem in unregelmäßigen Abständen längere Texte mit einem eher theoretischen Einschlag erscheinen. Neben hochschulpolitischen Themen werden auch allgemeine Themen für eine linke studentische Zielgruppe aufbereitet.

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En spinalnerve er en blandet nerve, der fører motoriske, sensoriske og autonome signaler mellem rygmarven og kroppen. I mennesket er der 31 par spinalnerver, en på hver side af rygsøjlen. Disse grupperes i de tilsvarende cervikal-, thorakal-, lumbar-, sakral- og coccygealregionerne på rygsøjlen. Der er otte par cervikalnerver, tolv par thorakale nerve, fem par lumbalnerver, fem par sakralnerver, og et par coccygealnerver. Spinalnerverne er en del af det perifere nervesystem.

Referencer

 Blumenfeld H. 'Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases'. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates; 2002.
 Drake RL, Vogl W, Mitchell AWM. 'Gray's Anatomy for Students'. New York: Elsevier; 2005:69-70.
 Ropper AH, Samuels MA. 'Adams and Victor's Principles of Neurology'. Ninth Edition. New York: McGraw Hill; 2009.

Anatomi
Nerver

Spinalnerve


جوفاني دي جوفاني دي ميديشي المعرف باسم جوفاني دالي باندي نيري (فورلي، 6 أبريل 1498 - مانتوفا، 30 نوفمبر 1526) كوندوتييرو إيطالي من عصر النهضة .

ابن الفلورنسي جوفاني دي ميديشي (المعروف بالبوبولانو) و كاتيرينا سفورزا سيدة فورلي و إيمولا المقاتلة إحدى أشهر نساء عصر النهضة، والتي دافعت بشدة بوجه تشيزري بورجا في قلعتها الفورلية، و سـمـّـته لودوفيكو تكريماً لعمها لودوفيكو سفورزا دوق ميلانو، ولكنها غيـّرته إلى نفس اسم والده جوفاني إثر وفاته وكان يبلغ حينها من العمر بضعة أشهر.

وجد فيه نيكولو مكيافيلي النموذج القادر على توحيد إيطاليا، أمضى جوفاني طفولته في أحد الأديرة، بعد أن أصبحت والدته أسيرة تشيزري بورجا.

مع سنة 1509 توفيت والدته، ووفاة لوفو نوماي كافل جوفاني السابق، انتقلت كفالة الصبي إلى رجل الدين فرانشيسكو فورتوناتي، ثم إلى الثري الفلورنسي ياكوبو سالفياتي زوج لوكريسيا دي ميديشي ابنة لورينزو الرائع.

تحتم على ياكوبو سالفياتي أن يعالج في كثير من الأحيان بسلطته وسمعته المشاكل التي يتسبب بها طيش هذا الفتى، ولكنه في سنة 1511 لم يستطع تجنيبه النفي من فلورنسا لقتله قريناً له في السن بعد مشاجرة بين عصابات الفتيان، وسحبت عقوبة النفي في السنة التالية .

لمـّـا تم تعين سالفياتي سفيراً في روما سنة 1513 تبعه جوفاني، وهنا التحق بالميليشيات البابوية بفضل وساطة سالفياتي لدى البابا لاون العاشر شقيق لوكريسيا دي ميديشي.

تزوج من ماريا ابنة كفيله ياكوبو سالفياتي، ولهما ابن وحيد كوزيمو الذي أصبح دوق فلورنسا بعد انقرض الفرع الأكبر، لاحقاً تم ترقيتها إلى دوق الأكبر، حكمت سلالته المنطقة حتى وفاة أخر سليل له في 1737.

مراجع

أشخاص من فورلي
إيطاليون في القرن 16
قادة عسكريون من حروب إيطالية
كوندوتييرويون
مواليد 1498
مواليد في فورلي
ميديشي
وفيات 1526
وفيات بسبب خمج الدم
كوندوتييرويون في القرن 16

جوفاني دالي باندي نيري


Hligeni este o rezervație naturală silvică în raionul Șoldănești, Republica Moldova. Este amplasată la nord-vest de satul Mateuți, ocolul silvic Șoldănești, Hligeni, parcela 31. Are o suprafață de 70 ha. Obiectul este administrat de Gospodăria Silvică de Stat Soroca.

Referințe

Hligeni
Raionul Șoldănești

Rezervația naturală Hligeni


An Uncinia macloviformis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Gerald A. Wheeler. An Uncinia macloviformis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Uncinia, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Uncinia

Uncinia macloviformis


Aktepe, Eskişehir ilinin Alpu ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Eskişehir iline 48 km, Alpu ilçesine 7 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

Alpu'nun mahalleleri

Aktepe, Alpu


Robert Roderick "Bob" Meyers (* 11. August 1924 in Edmonton, Alberta; † 22. März 2014 ebenda) war ein kanadischer Eishockeyspieler. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1952 gewann er als Mitglied der kanadischen Nationalmannschaft die Goldmedaille.

Karriere
Bob Meyers repräsentierte Kanada 1952 mit den Edmonton Mercurys bei den Olympischen Winterspielen in Oslo. Anschließend absolvierte er mit seiner Mannschaft eine dreimonatige Testspiel-Tour durch Europa.

International
Für Kanada nahm Meyers an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1952 in Oslo teil, bei denen er mit seiner Mannschaft die Goldmedaille gewann. Er absolvierte zwei Spiele und erzielte beim 13:3-Sieg gegen Finnland zwei Tore.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1952 Goldmedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Kanada)
Olympiateilnehmer (Kanada)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1952
Olympiasieger (Eishockey)
Sportler (Edmonton)
Kanadier
Geboren 1924
Gestorben 2014
Mann

Bob Meyers


Helmert ist ein Einschlagkrater am Ostrand der Mondvorderseite am Südrand des Mare Smythii, östlich des Kraters Kiess und südlich von Warner. Der Krater ist sehr flach, da das Innere mit den Laven des Mare geflutet wurde.

Der Krater wurde 1973 von der IAU nach dem deutschen Geodäten und Mathematiker Friedrich Robert Helmert offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Helmert auf The-Moon Wiki

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Helmert (Mondkrater)


The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, Pink Floyd'un ilk albümüdür. Şarkıların tamamını (Take Up Thy Stethoscope And Walk haricinde) sonraki albümde gruptan ayrılacak olan Syd Barrett yazıp söylemiştir.

Pink Floyd'un diğer albümlerinden çok daha farklıdır. Şarkı sözlerinde ve de müzikte çocuksu bir hava vardır. O dönemki konserlerine oranla çok daha sade olmakla beraber bol gürültülü, doğaçlama enstrümantal pasajlarla doludur. Psychedelic hava büyük ölçüde uyuşturucuların yoğun etkisi altındaki Syd Barrett'tan kaynaklanır. Şarkı sözlerinde Syd'in edebiyata olan ilgisi açıkça görülmektedir.

The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, The Beatles'ın "psychedelic" albümü Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Heart Clubs Band albümü ile aynı zamanda, Abbey Road stüdyosunda kaydedilmiştir.

Albüme Joe Boyd prodüktörlüğünde başlanmıştır ama EMI daha sonra başlarına Norman Smith'i geçirmiştir. Rubber Soul'a The Beatles ile çalışan Smith'in gruba belki de en büyük etkisi daha kısa ve klasik şarkılar yapılması yönünde olmuştur.

Albümün adı Kenneth Grahame'ın "The Wind in the Willows" kitabındaki 7. bölümün başlığında gelir. İsimdeki "Piper" yani kavalcı yunan mitolojisinde bir tanrı olan "Pan"dır

Şubat-Haziran 1967 tarihleri arasında Abbey Road Stüdyolarında kaydedilmiş, 5 Ağustos 1967 tarihinde yayınlanmıştır.

Şarkı listesi

Tüm şarkıları Syd Barrett yazmıştır. istisnalar not edilmiştir.

Albüm kapağı
Albüm kapağını Syd Barrett'ın yaptığına inanılır ama bu yanlıştır. Fotoğraflar Vic Singh tarafından çekilmiştir.

Grup üyeleri
 Syd Barrett - Gitar, Vokal
 Roger Waters - Bas gitar, Vokal
 Richard Wright - Org, Piyano, Geri Vokal
 Nick Mason - Bateri

Katkıda bulunanlar
 Norman Smith - Prodüktör
 Peter Brown - Kayıt Mühendisi
 Vic Singh - Kapak Fotoğrafı

Liste başarıları
İngiltere listelerinde 6. sıraya kadar çıkarken, ABD'de biraz daha farklı şarkı listesiyle Pink Floyd başlığıyla yayınlanmış 131. sırada kalmıştır.

Albüm hakkında
 "I'm sure the Beatles were copying what we were doing, just as we were copying what we were hearing down the corridor" (Kayıtlar sırasında The Beatles'ın bizden bir şeyler kopyaladığına eminim, bizim de onların stüdyosundan gelen seslerden kopyaladığımız gibi)... Pete Jenner - Pink Floyd'un o dönemki menajeri

Pink Floyd albümleri
Progresif rock albümleri
İngilizce albümler
1967 albümleri
Abbey Road Studios'ta kaydedilen albümler
1960'lardaki karşı kültür
EMI Records albümleri

The Piper at the Gates of Dawn


Front démocratique national peut désigner :
 Bodoland : Front démocratique national de Bodoland ;
 Corée du Sud : Front démocratique national anti-impérialiste ;
 Yémen : Front démocratique national.

Voir aussi
 Front national démocratique populaire au Mali

Front démocratique national


Vesterhever Sogn (på tysk Kirchspiel Westerhever) er et sogn i det sydvestlige Sydslesvig, tidligere i Udholm Herred (Landskabet Ejdersted), nu i Vesterhever Kommune i Nordfrislands Kreds i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

I Vesterhever Sogn findes flg. stednavne:
 Siversbøl (Sieversbüll)
 Haienbøl (Hayensbüll)
 Vesterhever
 Vesterhever Kog
 Vestehever Østerkog

Litteratur
 Jens Peter Trap: Statistisk-topographisk beskrivelse af hertugdømmet Slesvig, Kjøbenhavn 1864, side 316

Sogne i Sydslesvig

Vesterhever Sogn


El cacique solitario (Cacicus solitarius), también denominado boyero negro, arrendajo solitario y arrendajo llanero y boyero pico grueso, es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Icteridae propia de Sudamérica.

Se encuentra en Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay, y Venezuela. Su hábitat natural son los bosques bajos, las áreas pantanosas tropicales o subtropicales y las zonas con vegetación con un estrato abierto o cerrado de leñosas de hasta 15 metros de altura.

Denominaciones
Aunque su denominación más extendida es la de boyero negro (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay y Uruguay), también se le conoce con los nombres de boyero pico hueso (en Uruguay), arrendajo solitario (en Colombia y Venezuela) y arrendajo llanero (en Venezuela).

Descripción
Ave de un color negro con pico de color marfil. Iris pardo oscuro. Presenta escaso dimorfismo sexual, siendo la hembra un poco más pequeña que el macho.

Reproducción
La época de reproducción es de octubre a diciembre. El nido es colgante, de fibras tejidas, con forma de bolsa con entrada superior. La pareja pone 2-3 huevos blancos con pintas pardas principalmente en el polo obtuso.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Aves de América del Sur
solitarius
Animales descritos en 1816
Taxones descritos por Louis Pierre Vieillot

Cacicus solitarius


La Histórica relación del Reyno de Chile es una obra escrita por el jesuita español Alonso de Ovalle, publicada en Roma por Francisco Caballo en el año 1646 simultáneamente en castellano y en latín, y reeditada en años posteriores, siendo para la época una de las principales referencias sobre Chile en Europa.

Fue la primera obra histórica sobre el país llevada a la imprenta por un jesuita chileno. Según Ovalle, habría iniciado esta obra por el desconocimiento y la ignorancia que se tenía sobre su patria durante su estadía en Europa, cuando fue enviado en 1642 con el propósito de reclutar misioneros para evangelizar la zona de Arauco.

Histórica relación del Reyno de Chile fue una importante fuente de lectura e información por sus grabados que muestran escenas de usos y costumbres de la época, escenas de la Guerra de Arauco, retratos de los conquistadores y gobernadores de Chile, así como un primitivo mapa del territorio Chileno, la Patagonia, Tierra del Fuego y el Mar del Sur.

Consta principalmente de ocho libros o capítulos:

 Libro Primero, Dela naturaleza, y propiedades del Reyno de Chile
 Libro Segundo, Dela segunda, y Tercera parte del Reyno de Chile
 Libro Tercero, Delos habitadores deel Reyno de Chile
 Libro Quarto, Dela entrada delos Españoles en el Reyno de Chile
 Libro Quinto, Dela conquista, y fundación del Reyno de Chile
 Libro Sexto, En que se contienen varios successos dela guerra en tiempo delos otros Governadores de Chile que succedieron alos passados
 Libro Séptimo, Delos successos, y estado del Reyno de Chile hasta el último Governador, que ha tenido
 Libro Octavo, Del Principio y progressos que ha tenido la fee en el Reyno de Chile

Enlaces externos

Historica relacion del Reyno de Chile y de las missiones y ministerios que exercita en el la Compañía de Jesus en Memoria Chilena.

 Histórica relación del Reino de Chile en Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes

Obras literarias en español
Libros en latín
Libros de historia de Chile
Libros de 1646
Obras literarias sobre la Guerra de Arauco

Histórica relación del Reyno de Chile


Rudraprayag (en hindi: रुद्र प्रयाग जिला) es un distrito de la India en el estado de Uttarakhand. Código ISO: IN.UL.RP.

Comprende una superficie de 1896 km².

El centro administrativo es la ciudad de Rudraprayag.

Demografía
Según censo 2011 contaba con una población total de 236 857 habitantes, de los cuales 125 110 eran mujeres y 111 747 varones.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio web oficial.

Rudraprayag

Distrito de Rudraprayag


Bukovčić je židovsko groblje u Tuzli. Nalazi se u ulici prof. dr Ibre Pašića. Na Bukovčiću je i muslimansko groblje.

Povijest
Kad su tuzlanski Židovi za svoje potrebe 1906., kod Zavoda sv. Krunice (Klostera) sagradili sinagogu (Templ). Židovi su groblje imali na Bukovčiću.

Izvori

Groblja u Tuzli
Židovi u Bosni i Hercegovini
Židovska groblja

Bukovčić (groblje u Tuzli)


Die Kamtschija (auch Kamchiya, Kamchia oder Kamčija, ) ist ein Fluss in Nordostbulgarien. Sie ist mit 254 Kilometern Länge der längste Fluss der Balkanhalbinsel, der direkt in das Schwarze Meer fließt. Sie ist auch der größte bulgarische Fluss, der ins Schwarze Meer fließt. Ihr Wassereinzugsgebiet umfasst 5358 km². Die Kamtschija ist Teil des Schwarzmeer-Abflussgebietes.

Die Kamtschija entspringt im Balkangebirge und trägt ihren Namen erst ab dem Zusammenfluss von zwei ihrer Nebenflüsse: der Luda Kamtschija (Wilde Kamtschija oder Verrückte Kamtschija, bulg. ) und der Goljama Kamtschija (Große Kamtschija, bulg. ), die aus dem östlichen Balkangebirge kommen. Dieser Zusammenfluss liegt einen Kilometer nördlich des Dorfes Zonewo (bulg. ), kurz nachdem die Luda Kamtschija den Stausee Zonewo verlässt.

In der Antike hieß der Fluss Panisos (Panysos), später bei den Slawen dann Titscha (bulg. ). Es wird angenommen, dass der heutige Name kumanischen Ursprungs ist.

Der größte Teil der bulgarischen Flotte im Mittelalter vom 9. bis 14. Jahrhundert wurde an der Mündung der Kamtschija gebaut, da es dort ausreichend Holz in hoher Qualität gab. Im 18. Jahrhundert siedelten Lipowaner am Unterlauf der Kamtschija, eine russischsprachige Minderheit, die ihr Siedlungsgebiet von der Donaumündung an die Kamtschija verlegt hatten.

Der Fluss Kamtschija  begann ab der Großen Kamtschija im Lisagebirge (bulg. ), mit einer Länge von 244 Kilometern. Der Unterlauf des Flusses kann von kleineren Motorbooten befahren werden. Der Fluss führt eine durchschnittliche Wassermenge von 1,136 m³/s (bei dem Dorf Titscha – bulg. ) bis 26,287 m³/s an der Mündung.

Der malerische Unterlauf der Kamtschija, bis zu ihrer Mündung, wurde 1951 zum Biosphärenreservat Kamtschija erklärt (bulg. ).

Dieser Bereich ist bemerkenswert für seine Artenvielfalt. Der Unterlauf im Mündungsbereich wird oft überflutet und besteht aus einem alten Primärwald, einem Auenwald. Der Süßwassersumpf wird von versumpften, alten Flussläufen durchzogen, die tief in den Wald einschneiden. Der Strand ist bis zu 450 Meter breit und hat bis zu 19 Meter hohe Sanddünen, die bewaldet oder grasbewachsen sind.

Die ungewöhnliche Koexistenz von Eschen, Eichen, Ulmen, Erlen und Ahorn, die bis zu 40–50 Meter groß sind und von Lianen umschlungen werden, vermitteln den Eindruck eines imposanten tropischen Regenwaldes.

Unmittelbar an der Mündung der Kamtschija ins Schwarze Meer befinden sich auf dem linken Ufer die Ruinen der römischen Festung Erite (), die auch in der Tabula Peutingeriana verzeichnet ist. Die Festung diente als befestigte Wegestation, sie lag auf einer 30 Meter hohen Anhöhe nur 200 Meter vom Fluss und vom Meer entfernt.

Die Kamtschija mündet an einem 50 Meter breiten Sandstrand. Wegen einer Nehrung knickt der Fluss unmittelbar am Beginn des Sandstrandes aus seiner Ostrichtung fast nach Norden und fließt 300 Meter am Sandstrand entlang und parallel zu ihm nach Norden, bevor er ins Schwarze Meer mündet. Der Fluss ist an seiner Mündung um die 40 Meter breit – je nach Wasserstand.

Die Mündung befindet sich zwischen den Dörfern Blisnazi im Norden und Staro Orjachowo im Süden. 30 Kilometer westlich der Mündung liegt die Stadt Dolni Tschiflik, Warna liegt 30 Kilometer weiter nördlich, der Sonnenstrandes 50 km weiter südlich.

Der Fluss ist seit 2005 Namensgeber für den Kamtschija-Gletscher auf der Livingston-Insel in der Antarktis.

Zuflüsse
Die Kamtschija hat 27 Nebenflüsse, die größten Zuflüsse sind die Luda Kamtschija mit einer Länge von 201 Kilometern und einem Wassereinzugsgebiet von 1612 km². Der zweitgrößte Nebenfluss ist der Warna-Fluss  mit einer Länge von 68 Kilometern und einem Wassereinzugsgebiet von 938 km².

Faune
Unter anderem sind folgende Fischarten im Fluss anzutreffen: Barbe, Barbus meridionalis petenyi, Brachse, Carassius, Flussbarsch, Kanalwels (ein Raubwels), Döbel, Europäischer Aal, Europäischer Wels, Gemeiner Sonnenbarsch, Gründling, Hecht, Karpfen, Mairenke, Näsling, Rotauge, Schmerle, Ukelei und Rotfeder.

Ortschaften
Folgende Ortschaften liegen am Fluss Kamtschija: Welitschkowo (Oblast Warna) (bulg. ) - Grodjowo (bulg. ) - Dabrawino (bulg. ) - Wenelin (Dorf) (bulg. ) - Kruscha (Oblast Warna) (bulg. ) - Kamtschija (Erholungsort) (bulg. ).

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 360-Grad-Foto an der Mündung ins Schwarze Meer
 360-Grad-Foto Bootsanleger kurz vor der Mündung
 Umweltzerstörung am Kamtschija Fluss (bulg., mit Fotos)

0Kamtschija

Kamtschija


A soft-point bullet (SP), also known as a soft-nosed bullet, is a jacketed expanding bullet with a soft metal core enclosed by a stronger metal jacket left open at the forward tip. A soft-point bullet is intended to expand upon striking flesh to cause a wound diameter greater than the bullet diameter. Jacketed soft point bullets are usually abbreviated JSP in the ammunition and reloading industry. The use of soft-point bullets in warfare is a violation of the Hague Convention of 1899, declaration IV, 3.

Evolution
Lead-alloy bullets used with gunpowder firearms were unsatisfactory at the bullet velocities available from rifles loaded with nitrocellulose propellants such as cordite. By the late 19th century, lead-alloy bullets were being enclosed within a jacket of stronger mild steel or copper alloyed with nickel or zinc to reliably impart stabilizing rotation in rifled barrels. The lead-alloy core was swaged into a cup of the stronger metal covering the front and sides of the core, but leaving some of the core exposed on the base of the bullet. The bullet jacket may be described as a metal envelope, steel envelope, or hard envelope; and the jacketed bullet may be described as metal-covered, metal-patched, or metal-cased.
But while these new types of projectile were easier to stabilize at the new high velocities, it was discovered that the new jacketed design was actually less lethal than the softer lead-alloy types that had preceded it.

The jacketed bullets were typically of smaller diameter than the previous lead-alloy type, and the stronger jacket made them less likely to be deformed on impact. Such deformation increases the effective diameter of the projectile and can also cause an erratic trajectory within the wound.  Enclosing the lead or alloy within a hard jacket cuts down on these tendencies despite the greater velocities employed, and this in conjunction with the typically smaller calibre created a greater tendency for the new rifle bullets both to create a smaller wound and to pass through, rather than lodging within, the anatomy of the target whether human or animal, thus increasing the probability of wounding rather than killing.  For this reason, full metal jacket rounds are considered more humane for military purposes, since it is only necessary to incapacitate enemy soldiers to neutralize them on the battlefield; conversely, they are less effective for hunting animals where killing the quarry swiftly is the objective.  To produce a smokeless-propellant round that would engage in rifling efficiently but also match or exceed the lethality of the old, low-velocity ammunition it was necessary to invent the soft-point.  The process was not difficult: reversing the direction of jacket placement leaves the lead-alloy core exposed at the forward tip of the projectile creating a soft-point bullet.

Expansion

Soft-point bullets expose the soft lead-alloy core on the forward part of the bullet most likely to be deformed when striking a target. The sides of the bullet remain covered by the jacket to reliably impart stabilizing rotation from rifling. Expansion of a soft-point bullet depends upon the hardness of the lead-alloy core, the strength of the surrounding metal jacket, and the energy available from the decrease in bullet velocity as the bullet encounters target resistance. A core of pure lead is softer than a core of lead alloyed with metals like antimony and tin. Some jacket alloys have greater tensile strength than others; and, for any given alloy and annealing process, a thicker jacket will be stronger than a thinner jacket. Energy available to expand the bullet is proportional to the square of the velocity at which the bullet strikes the target. If the bullet passes through the target, the energy represented by the square of the velocity of the departing bullet has no effect on the target. Soft point bullets may not expand if they strike a target at low velocity, or if the target does not slow the bullet enough to deform the exposed point or rupture the surrounding jacket.

Varmint rifle bullets with thin jackets are intended to expand rapidly and disintegrate upon encountering minimum resistance. Bullets intended for big-game hunting are designed to increase their forward diameter while remaining intact to penetrate deeply enough to damage internal organs likely to cause rapid death. Big-game bullets sometimes have a specialized jacket including a center baffle between a forward core intended to expand and another core intended to remain intact. Alternative designs include a jacket with an internally thicker belt around the central part of the bullet intended to resist expansion while the thinner forward part of the bullet jacket ruptures. Some bullets have a core formed from a soft alloy in the forward part of the bullet bonded to a harder alloy core in the rear of the bullet. Others have a jacket which is thicker near the base of the bullet and tapers to a thin fringe adjacent to the soft point.

Hollow-point bullets

Soft-point bullets are similar to jacketed hollow-point bullets, because each has a jacket open on the forward tip. The soft core is exposed forward of the jacket on soft-point bullets, while the jacket may extend forward of the core on hollow-point bullets emphasizing aerodynamic improvement rather than expansion. Bullets with a large amount of core exposed forward of the jacket might have a hollow point within that core; and some hollow-point bullets have no jackets.

Flat-point bullets

Jacketed flat point (JFP) may describe either soft-point or full metal jacket bullets with a flat, rather than a rounded front.  Until recently, flat-point bullets were required in centerfire rifles with tubular magazines, such as Winchester rifles, where the rounds are stored front-to-back.  Use of metal-pointed bullets in these rifles can be highly dangerous, as the point of the bullet will rest against the primer of the round in front of it and can cause a detonation under the force of recoil.  Since late 2005, newer bullet designs with polymer tips offering improved ballistics have become available for safe use in tubular magazine rifles.

See also
List of firearms
List of rifle cartridges
List of handgun cartridges

References

Bullets

Soft-point bullet


Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna (6 July 1930 – 22 November 2016) was an Indian Carnatic vocalist, musician, multi-instrumentalist, playback singer, composer, and character actor. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 1978. He has garnered two National Film Awards (1976, 1987), the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1975, the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honor in 1991, for his contribution towards arts, the Mahatma Gandhi Silver Medal from UNESCO in 1995, the Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Government in 2005, the Sangeetha Kalanidhi by Madras Music Academy, and the Sangeetha Kalasikhamani in 1991, by the Fine Arts Society, Chennai to name a few.

Balamuralikrishna started his career at the age of six. In his life-time, he gave over 25,000 concerts worldwide. Apart from Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, he presented jugalbandi concerts (duets) with Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia, Pandit Ajoy Chakrabarty and Kishori Amonkar, among others. He is also known for popularizing the compositions of Sri Bhadrachala Ramadasu, Sri Annamacharya, and others.

Balamuralikrishna's concerts combined sophisticated vocal skills and rhythmic patterns of classical music with the popular demand for entertainment value. Balamuralikrishna presented concerts in many countries, including the US, Canada, UK, Italy, France, Russia, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, countries in the Middle East, and elsewhere. Apart from his native tongue, Telugu, he has also composed in other languages including Kannada, Sanskrit, Tamil, Malayalam, Hindi, Bengali, and Punjabi.

He appeared as a featured soloist with an award-winning British choir, performing the "Gitanjali Suite" with words from Rabindranath Tagore's Nobel Prize-winning poetry and music by "Dr. Joel", the noted UK-based Goan composer. His clear diction in several languages prompted an invitation to record Tagore's entire Rabindra Sangeet compositions in Bengali, preserving them for posterity. He had sung in French, and even ventured into jazz fusion, collaborating with the top Carnatic percussion teacher, Sri T.H. Subash Chandran, in a concert for Malaysian royalty.

Early life

Balamuralikrishna was born in a Brahmin family at Sankaraguptam, East Godavari District, Madras Presidency (now a part of Andhra Pradesh state). His father, Mangalampalli Pattabhiramayya, was a well known musician and his mother, Suryakanthamma, was a veena player. Balamuralikrishna's mother died when he was an infant and he was raised by his father. Observing his interest in music, his father put him under the tutelage of Parupalli Ramakrishnayya Pantulu, a direct descendant of the shishya parampara (lineage of disciples) of Tyagaraja. Under his guidance, the young Balamuralikrishna learned Carnatic music. At the age of eight, he gave his first full-fledged concert at a Thyagaraja Aradhana in Vijayawada. Musunuri Suryanarayana Murty Bhagavatar, a Harikatha performer, saw the musical talent in him and gave the prefix "Bala" (lit. child) to the young Balamuralikrishna. (Prior to this, his name was Muralikrishna; following Bhagavatar's addition of the prefix, he began to be known as Balamuralikrishna.)

Having begun his musical career at a very young age, by age fifteen he had mastered all the 72 melakartha ragas and had composed krithis in each of them. His Janaka Raga Manjari was published in 1952 and recorded as Raagaanga Ravali in a nine-volume series by the Sangeeta Recording Company. Not merely content with his fame as a Carnatic vocalist, he also played the kanjira, mridangam, viola, and violin. He accompanied various musicians on the violin. He also presented solo viola concerts. He was the person who introduced viola to classical Indian music.

Experimentation

Characteristic of Balamuralikrishna's musical journey have been his non-conformism, spirit of experimentation, and boundless creativity. Balamuralikrishna has experimented with the Carnatic music system by keeping its rich tradition untouched. Ragas such as Ganapathi, Sarvashri, Mahati, Lavangi etc. are credited to him. The ragas which he invented represent his quest for new frontiers. Ragas such as Lavangi are set to three or four notes in ascending and descending scale. Ragas such as Mahathi, Lavangi, Sidhdhi, Sumukham that he created have only four notes; while his other ragaa creations such as Sarva Sri, Omkaari, and Ganapathy have only three notes.

He also innovated in the tala (rhythm) system. He has incorporated "gati bhEdam" (గతి భేదం) in the "sashabda kriya" (సశబ్ద క్రియ). Actions that can produce sound/shabda (శబ్ద) in talas are called sashabda kriya – సశబ్ద క్రియ and are a part of the existing Tala chain. New chains are possible, too. Saint Arunagirinaadhar used to inject such systems in his famous Thirupugazh, but only as Sandham, while Balamuralikrishna is known to be the pioneer in bringing such Sandhams into a logical rhythm, with Angam and definition. Trimukhi, Panchamukhi, Saptamukhi, and Navamukhi are the basic classifications in his New Tala System.

He gave his authorisation to S. Ram Bharati to found "Academy of Performing Arts and Research" in Switzerland. He also worked on music therapy. After his death, his family started a trust in his name 'Dr.M.Balamuralikrishna Memorial Trust' to honor and keep his legacy alive. He has authored a musical therapy research paper with Shreya Kappagantula regarding "The Effects of Musical Therapy on Mental Disorders"

Compositions
Balamuralikrishna has over 400 compositions to his credit and is one of the very few people to have composed in all the 72 Melakarta Ragas and has created several ragas, with 4 notes and 3 notes and also has invented a new Tala system. His compositions encompass every genre in Carnatic Music including Varnas, Krithis, Thillanas, Bhavageethas.

Cinema

Balamuralikrishna has sung in several films in Telugu, Sanskrit, Malayalam, Kannada and Tamil. He made his acting debut with the Telugu film Bhakta Prahlada (1967) as Narada, and has acted in a few other films in Telugu, Tamil and malayalam.

Death

Balamuralikrishna died at his residence in Chennai on 22 November 2016; he was 86. He died in deep sleep at around five in the evening, due to a cardiac arrest. He was cremated with full state honours at Besant Nagar Crematorium in Chennai the very next day. Thousands attended his funeral. He is survived by three daughters and three sons who are all Doctors. His wife, Smt. Annapurna, outlived him for three months, and died on 16 February 2017.

Legacy
His family has formed the Dr. M. Balamurali Krishna Memorial Trust to represent him after his death.

Awards and honours

Civilian honours
 Padma Shri (1971)
 Padma Bhushan

 Padma Vibhushan (1991)
 Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres from the Government of France (2005)

National Film Awards (India)
 Best Male Playback Singer for the Kannada musical movie Hamsageethe (1975)
 Best Music Direction for the Kannada film Madhvacharya (1986)

Kerala State Film Award
 Best singer for Swathi Thirunal (1987)
 Best Classical Music Singer for Gramam (2010)

Tamil Nadu State Film Award
 Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Male Playback singer for Pasanga (2009)

Other honours
 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award (1975)
 Sangeetha Kalanidhi by Madras Music Academy (1978)
 Raja-Lakshmi Award in 1980 by Sri Raja-Lakshmi Foundation in Chennai
 Doctor of Letters from Shri Venkateshwara University (1981)
 Honorary PhD from Andhra University
 Doctor of Science from Andhra University
 Doctor of Letters from Andhra University
 Sangeetha Kalasikhamani by The Fine Arts Society, Chennai (1991)
 Mahatma Gandhi Silver Medal from UNESCO (1995)
 Natya Kalasikhamani The Fine Arts Society, Chennai (2001)
 Sangeetha Kalasarathy (2002)
 "Sangeetha Virinchi" title conferred by Sangeetha Bharathi music School, Auckland, New Zealand (2009)
 Lifetime Achievement Award by the Global Indian Music Academy Awards (2011)
 First Citizen Award from Vijayawada City
 "Wisdom Man of the Year" (1992)
 "Naada Maharishi" by the Nrityalaya Aesthetics Society (1996)
A documentary film, The Melody Man, was made on his life by the Government of India Films Division. The film was directed by National award winner Director Gul Bahar Singh.
 Telugu Book of Records honoured him for Telugu Legendary Personality in 2014 at Vijayawada

Ragas created

Talas created

The 'Mukhi' Tala system builds on the traditional Adhi Tala or Chathusra Jaathi Triputa Tala ( I 0 0 ), however the first kriya or mukha (meaning face) of each anga takes the gathi of its tala name and the rest in chathusra gathi. For example: Panchamukhi – the first kriya of each anga will be in kanda gathi and so the tala consists of 35 Matras (5 + 4 + 4 + 4 | 5 + 4 | 5 + 4 || ).

Following this method, four Talas can be generated:

This scheme can be extended across all 35 sooladi thalas, however currently these four are in practice.

Compositions:

There have been many pallavis set to panchamukhi Tala such as 'Isai inbathirku ēdillaye ivulakil – sentamil' in ragam Lathangi composed by Amrutha Venkatesh and 'Aadi Vaa, Pirai Soodi Vaa, Aalavaai Naathane''' in ragam Abheri composed by Rameshvaidya and tuned by S.J Jananiy and also others in Bilahari, Thodi and Kalyani composed by Dr. Balamuralikrishna himself.

There have also been Alarippus composed for Bharathanatyam in Panchamukhi.

Selected compositions

Albums and songs
Balamuralikrishna has composed songs few albums and has sung, list of albums and songs below

Film compositions
Balamuralikrishna acted in few films and gave his voice to some selected songs in Indian cinema.

References

Further reading

External links

 Murali and Me: A tribute by Prince Aswathi Thirunal Rama Varma.
 Balamuralikrishna with his musicians in Switzerland in 1992.
 Various devotional works of Balamuralikrishna.

1930 births
2016 deaths
Male Carnatic singers
Carnatic singers
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Kanjira players
Violists
Kerala State Film Award winners
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in arts
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship
Sangeetha Kalanidhi recipients
Best Music Direction National Film Award winners
Indian male playback singers
Tamil playback singers
Telugu playback singers
Kannada playback singers
People from East Godavari district
Indian multi-instrumentalists
People from Krishna district
Film musicians from Andhra Pradesh
Singers from Andhra Pradesh
20th-century Indian male singers
20th-century Indian singers
21st-century Indian male singers
21st-century Indian singers
Best Male Playback Singer National Film Award winners
Carnatic composers
Sanskrit-language singers
20th-century violists
21st-century violists

M. Balamuralikrishna


يزن السقاف ممثل سوري شاب وهو ابن المخرج سمير السقاف، من مواليد مدينة دمشق ، متزوج من الفنانة { يمنى ماجد } ولديه ولدان ( برق & رعد ) .

مسلسلاته
 الرؤية
 هيام الليل
 أيام دمشقية
 أعيدوا الظلام
 تحت رحمة السماء
 القعقاع مسلسل تاريخي ويؤدي فيه دور الخليفة
 النداء العاجل
 أحلامنا
 غيث الدموع
 الكذب الأبيض
 الرقعة الزرقاء
 سوريا بين الحين والحين
 الهجساء
 الريف والحضر
 الرجال يبكون ـ أول مسلسل

بداياته
كان يزن يدرس كلية الهندسة ثم ذهب إلى ألمانيا ليكمل دراسته هناك ثم رجع إلى سوريا فدخل معهد الفنون للتمثيل تنفيذاً لرغبة أبوه فكان أول مسلسل يعرض له هو ( الرجال يبكون ) .

أشخاص من دمشق
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة (أشخاص أحياء)
ممثلون وممثلات سوريون

يزن السقاف


ඩොමිනටේ හෝ  පසුකාලීන රෝමානු අධිරාජ්‍යය යනු,  පුරාතන රෝමානු අධිරාජ්‍ය රජයේ පසුකාලීන  "අත්තනෝමතික" අවධිය වූ අතර, "ප්‍රින්චිපටේ" නම්වූ මුල් අවධියෙන් පසුව මෙය පැවතිණි. 235–284 කාලයෙහි පැවති තෙවන සියවස් අර්බුදයට පසුව,   වසර 284 දී ඩයක්ලීෂන්ගේ රාජ්‍ය ප්‍රාප්තියෙහි ඇරඹීම සමගින් ඇරඹුනු බවට සැලකිය හැකි මෙය,  ක්‍රිව 476දී  බටහිර අධිරාජ්‍යයෙහි බිඳවැටීම හා සමගින් හෝ, පළමුවන ජස්ටීනියන්ගේ (527 සිට 565) හෝ  හෙරක්ලීයස්ගේ (610 සිට 641) රාජ්‍ය ප්‍රාප්ති කාලය සමගින් හෝ අවසන් වූ බවට සැලකිය හැකි වෙයි.

ඩොමිනටේ


Operacija Spaljena zemlja operacija je Hrvatske vojske na Južnom bojištu izvedena u svibnju i lipnju 1992. godine.

Nakon Operacije Spaljena zemlja, uslijedile su prije kraja 1992. godine Operacije Konavle i Operacije Vlaštica, kojima je oslobođeno preostalo područje na krajnjem jugu Hrvatske.

Vojne postrojbe koje su sudjelovale
1. gardijska brigada "Tigrovi"
4. gardijska brigada "Pauci"
156. brigada HV
145. brigada HV
163. brigada HV (dubrovačka)

Cilj operacije

Nakon što se od rane jeseni 1991.  Dubrovnik našao se u okruženju JNA, crnogorskih doborovoljaca i postrojbi Srba iz istočne Hercegovine, cijela okolica Dubrovnika, kao i sva hrvatska mjesta južno od poluotoka Pelješca bila su okupirana i spaljena, a stanovništvo uglavnom protjerano i poubijano.

Cilj je bio da 1. i 4. gardijska brigada, uz potporu topničke grupe i Mornaričkog odreda Pelješac, te uz suradnju domicilne 163. i dijelova 145. i 156. brigade deblokiraju Pelješac s kopnene strane i oslobode Dubrovačko primorje sjeverno od Dubrovnika, čime bi se osigurala kopnena veza s Dubrovnikom.

Tijek operacije

Napadnom akcijom "Spaljena zemlja" je nakon njenog početka 18. svibnja prvo deblokiran je Pelješac (20.V.) i oslobođena je okolica Dubrovnika: selo Čepikuće (21.V.), Slano (25.V.), i cijelo Dubrovačko primorje – Mokošica, Brgat, Bosanka, Rijeka dubrovačka i Župa dubrovačka (do 26.V.). Hrvatske postrojbe su oslobodile također i susjedni dio Istočne Hercegovine s velikim hrvatskim selom Ravno (30.V.). Nakon što su se Hrvatske snage sa sjevera približile Dubrovniku, iz grada su krenule snage dubrovačke 163. brigade HV i specijalne snage MUP-a; koje 26. svibnja ulaze u Novu Mokošicu te oslobađaju Zaton i Orašac i Osojnik, te prostor do Grabovice, kao i Župu dubrovačku, Brgat, Postranje i Plat, čime su srpske strane odmaknute od samog Dubrovnika, izuzev na prostoru od Golubova kamena do Ivanice.

Srpske snage su napredovanju hrvatskih snaga pružale snažan otpor, te se bilježi da je samo 27. svibnja 1992. godine poginulo 7 pripadnika 1. brigade HV, po jedan pripadnik 4. brigade HV i 115. brigade HV, te jedan pripadnih hrvatske Civilne zaštite.

Vanjske poveznice
"Na Osojniku obilježena 24. obljetnica deblokade Dubrovnika" , Dubrovnik.net, 2016.
TV Kalendar "Operacija Spaljena zemlja", 18. svibnja 2017. god.

Izvori

Operacija Spaljena zemlja


Archaboilus musicus es una especie extinta de grillo que vivió en el período Jurásico, hace unos 165 millones de años.

Aunque reconstruir comportamientos de una especie extinta suele ser muy dificultoso, en 2012 un equipo de científicos pudieron recrear los sonidos emitidos por el grillo basándose en un fósil bien preservado hallado en el norte de China.

Basándose en estas investigaciones, se cree que el macho de A. musicus producía sonidos de tono puro (musicales) usando un mecanismo de resonancia ajustado a una frecuencia de 6.4 kHz.

Enlaces externos

 Archaboilus musicus, un nuevo "grillo" del Jurásico Medio de China

Referencias

†
Fósiles del Jurásico
Insectos prehistóricos

Archaboilus musicus


İbi, Samsun ilinin Ladik ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 74 km, Ladik ilçesine 7 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Ladik'in mahalleleri

İbi, Ladik


Ivan Pernar (Zagreb, 14. listopada 1985.), hrvatski političar, osnivač Živog zida, aktivist i bivši saborski zastupnik u 9. sazivu Hrvatskog sabora.

Politički aktivizam
Za vrijeme Sanaderova predsjedništva u HDZ-u, Pernar je bio član trešnjevačkog ogranka spomenute stranke, međutim uskoro napušta istu razočaran politikom koju je stranka vodila. Postao je poznat po tome što je u veljači 2011. preko Facebooka organizirao i vodio prosvjede ispred sjedišta hrvatske Vlade s ciljem ostavke premijerke Jadranke Kosor. Demonstracije su ubrzo dobile masovno obilježje, a Pernar je dosad zbog remećenja javnog reda i mira bio uhićen nekoliko puta. Unatoč odličnom snalaženju u mobilizaciji prosvjednika, ubrzo dolazi u sukob s djelom prosvjednika u Osijeku zbog pozivanja na paljenje HDZ-ove zastave.

Nakon završetka prosvjeda osnovao je libertarijansku političku stranku pod nazivom Savez za promjene u lipnju 2011. Spomenuta stranka ubrzo mijenja svoj naziv u Živi zid. Živi zid je udruga koja sprječava deložacije kako bi ukazala na problem neotplativosti duga unutar isključivo kreditnog financijskog sustava sa središnjom bankom kao mjenjačnicom. Zajedno s ostalim članovima ove organizacije, Pernar kao dio stranačkog programa kreće u kampanju pružanja pasivnog otpora deložacijama u Hrvatskoj, zbog čega je često bivao uhićivan.

Djelovanje u Hrvatskom saboru
Na hrvatskim Parlamentarnim izborima u rujnu 2016., Pernar je osvojio 15,66% preferencijalnih glasova u svojoj izbornoj jedinici što mu je omogućilo zastupničko mjesto u Hrvatskom saboru. Nakon mjesec dana rada, biva proglašen najaktivnijim zastupnikom u spomenutom sazivu sabora. 29. studenog 2016, predsjednik političke stranke Abeceda demokracije, Stjepan Vujanić, objavio je da je Pernar potpisao pristupnicu njegovoj stranci. Pernar je ovakav potez obrazložio revoltom zbog odbijanja zahtjeva za registracijom njegove nove političke stranke "Jedina opcija" od strane Ministarstva uprave Republike Hrvatske. Ubrzo je postao poznat po svojem provokativnom ponašanju u sabornici, pa ga je tako tijekom jedne sjednice predsjedavajući kritizirao zbog jedenja pizze za vrijeme sjednice.
Poznat je po kritiziranju vladajuće stranke Hrvatska Demokratska Zajednice zbog neizvršavanje nužnih reformi, odvođenja Republike Hrvatske u propast, odlasku mnogobrojnih građana iz države i slično.
Nakon izlaganja premijera Andreja Plenkovića u kojem je Živi Zid usporedio s tri mala miša, Ivan Pernar mu je uzvratio s usporedbom o Kralju Štakora iz poznatog filma Krste Papića Izbavitelj te je zaradio opomenu od predsjedavajućeg zastupnika Gordana Jandrokovića.

Nakon europskih izbora 2019. godine u kojima je Živi Zid ostvario jedno zastupničko mjesto u Europskom Parlamentu dolazi do raskola u stranci Živi Zid iz koje Ivan Pernar posljedično izlazi.
Svoje političke ciljeve otada pokušava ostvariti u novoosnovanoj Stranci Ivana Pernara (SIP).
Također, 2019. godine izlazi na predsjedničke izbore u kojima uspijeva skupiti dovoljan broj potpisa za kandidaturu čime postaje predsjednički kandidat.
U prvom krugu nije ostvario dovoljan broj glasova za ulazak u drugi krug te time završava njegova kandidatura.
Godine 2020. dolazi do raskola s dotadašnjim stranačkim kolegom Branimirom Bunjcem.

Politički stavovi

Vanjska politika
Pernar je poznat po svojem radikalnim anti-zapadnjačkim i anti-američkim stavovima. U svom intervjuu ruskoj novinskoj agenciji Sputnik News, usporedio je NATO savez s Hitlerovim Trećim Reichom, dok je istovremeno izrazio divljenje prema Ruskoj Federaciji. Za Rusiju je kazao: "Da nema Rusije, nitko se ne bi mogao suprotstaviti SAD, a one bi mogle bombardirati i razoriti bilo koju zemlju koja ne služi njihovim interesima". U jednom drugom intervjuu, izjavio je: "SAD-u nije u interesu da se krize u svijetu rješavaju. Da bi u tome uspjeli nekad koriste luđake poput Slobodana Miloševića, koji je bio totalni luđak odvojen od stvarnosti, a nekad koriste albanske teroriste." U jednom intervjuu je komentirao Europsku uniju konstatacijom da ona: "nije demokracija, već da njome vladaju bankarski karteli i birokrati." Izjavio je da će njegova stranka koalirati s ostalim strankama jedino ako su one spremne voditi Hrvatsku van iz Europske unije. U jednoj televizijskoj emisiji Pernar je izjavio da je Država Izrael nastala na etničkom čišćenju Palestinaca, te je kritizirao SAD jer nisu pomogle Palestincima. Vojno-redarstvenu akciju Oluja, Pernar je također karakterizirao kao etničko čišćenje srpskog stanovništva, za što je okrivio tadašnje vođe tzv. Krajine. Bosnu i Hercegovinu Pernar je nazvao "diktaturom kojom se upravlja izvana" i da bi se referendumom u Republici Srpskoj narod trebao odlučiti želi li ostati u BiH ili ne.

Slobodni zidari
Pernar je izrazio svoj kritičan odnos prema masonima, s kojima je po vlastitim tvrdnjama uspostavio kontakt za vrijeme posjeta Češkoj. Rekao je da su mu masoni ponudili da će ga podići ako krene s njima, te da u svojim rukama drže medije i određuju kome će ići vlast. Također je rekao da su ga upozorili da ne dovodi u pitanje proces stvaranja novca. Rekao je da je ovu ponudu odbio jer je htio ići svojim putem a gledateljima je preporučio da im Isus kao i njemu bude uzor. Za masone 33. stupnja naveo je da masonska literatura izriče da mogu komunicirati s vragom, a neke zastupnike u saboru optužio je da nisu vjerni državi, nego tajnim društvima.

Legalizacija marihuane
Pernar se založio za legalizaciju marihuane u Hrvatskoj jer tvrdi da bi tada ljudi postali sretniji i dogodio bi se procvat poljoprivrede.

Pelješki most
Pernar smatra da bi Hrvatska trebala "ostati suzdržana" kada je riječ o izgradnji Pelješkog mosta, tvrdeći da je "suludo baciti 2 milijarde Eura na takav projekt". Po Pernarovim riječima, most se gradi samo kako bi se provocirala Bosna i Hercegovina.

Odnos prema cijepljenju
Dana 9. siječnja 2017. Pernar je napisao Facebook status u kojem je tvrdio da farmaceutski lobiji rade otrovna cjepiva kojima "označavaju ljude kao stoku" te je potaknuo svoje sljedbenike da razmisle zašto "mali ubodi igle ostavljaju tako velike ožiljke na koži", dok cijepljena djeca postaju autistična. Na ove teze negativno je reagirao dio hrvatskih medija koji su kritizirali Pernara nazvavši ga "teoretičarem zavjera". Nadalje, određeni pedijatri i državna pravobraniteljica za djecu izrazili su zgražanje zbog objave spomenutog Facebook statusa. Pravobraniteljica je izjavila da Pernar ovakvim statusom: "poziva na kršenje prava djece iz UN-ove Konvencije o pravima djeteta, točnije, članka 24, koji svakom djetetu jamči pravo na uživanje najviše moguće razine zdravlja".

Kritika Hrvatske akademije znanosti i umjetnosti
14. prosinca 2016. Pernar je kritizirao akademike HAZU-a riječima: Kakve koristi imamo od vaše znanosti? To je pseudo znanost, ona liči na znanost ali nije jer se ne bavi krucijalnim temama. Vi ste dekoracijski ured, kulturni manekeni i kvazi intelektualci jer pravi bi intelektualci govorili istinu o temama koje su bitne za naše društvo, a ne bi se bavili samo stvarima koje nemaju konkretne primjene i od kojih društvo nema nikakve koristi.

Kontroverze
Tijekom studenog 2016. Pernar je gostovao u HRT-ovom talk showu Nedjeljom u 2, no nakon svega 15 minuta gostovanja demonstrativno je napustio emisiju, optužujući pritom voditelja Aleksandra Stankovića da mu ne dozvoljava "govoriti istinu" o izraelsko-palestinskom sukobu. Nedugo nakon odlaska, Pernar se žestoko verbalno obrušio na voditelja, te mu zaprijetio otkazom kada njegova stranka dođe na vlast. Stanković je na ovo odgovorio tužbom koju je obrazložio sljedećim riječima: "Ivana Pernara tužim zato što me sustavno javno vrijeđa (facebook, intervjui) da sam idiot, moralna nakaza i smeće u službi režima. Osim što su izjave uvredljive, njima i huška svoje istomišljenike na mene koji mi prijete." Mandatno-imunitetno povjerenstvo odlučilo je da zbog spomenute tužbe neće skidati Pernarov zastupnički imunitet, ali je kritiziralo njegovo ponašanje. Nakon što je Pernaru skinut imunitet, Stanković je dobio tužbu.

8. prosinca 2016. godine Saborsko Mandatno-imunitetno povjerenstvo skinulo je Pernaru zastupnički imunitet zbog šaranja grafita u Sesvetama. Na ovu odluku povjerenstva, Pernar je odgovorio optužbom za "montirani proces", za kojeg je okrivio HDZ, te je sebe usporedio s Isusom Kristom.

Krajem prosinca 2016. Pernar je komentirao Teroristički napad na božićnom sajmu u Berlinu pitajući se je li se spomenuti napad doista dogodio i pozivajući se na tvrdnje iznesene na web portalu islamističkih ekstremista. Rekao je da je "Jedna od najčudnijih stvari da nitko nije nigdje vidio niti jednog povrijeđenog niti je igdje objavljeno jedno ime nastradalog". Nakon što su hrvatski i regionalni mediji negativno popratili ovu Pernarovu objavu, on se opet oglasio, ovaj put tvrdeći da je namjerno objavio lažnu vijest kako bi upozorio na nepravedan odnos medija prema Tomislavu Karamarku u slučaju arbitraže INA-MOL, tj. kako bi ukazao na cenzuru koju provode određeni domaći mediji nad Pernarom (HRT, Jutarnji List).

Knjige
Autor je dviju knjiga o monetarnoj politici u kojima objašnjava koncept 'novca kao duga' i uzroke ekonomske krize u Hrvatskoj i svijetu.

 Kako je nastao novac (2012.) (PDF)
 Mehanika novca (2014.) (PDF)

Osobni život
Pernar je završio zagrebačku X. gimnaziju Ivan Supek, prije upisivanja na Zdravstveno veleučilište u Zagrebu. Na navedenom veleučilištu zaradio je akademsku titulu višeg medicinskog tehničara. Ivan Pernar je u dalekom srodstvu s Ivanom Pernarom, istoimenim hrvatskim političarom i zastupnikom HSS koji je godine 1928. bio ranjen prilikom atentata u Narodnoj Skupštini Kraljevine Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca. Ima dva izvanbračna sina, Matisa Ivana Alexisa s Njemicom Frederikom i Nou s Hrvaticom Viktorijom Migalić. U siječnju 2017. Pernar je objavio da "nije katolik", te da se "ispisao" iz Katoličke crkve, koju je nazvao produženom rukom Hrvatske demokratske zajednice.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Mrežna mjesta
 Zelena politika, blog

Hrvatski političari od 1989.
Hrvatski politički aktivisti

Ivan Pernar (1985.)


Naraka: Bladepoint é um jogo de battle royale em que até 60 jogadores lutam entre si para serem os últimos a sobreviver. O jogo incorpora combate corpo a corpo inspirado em artes marciais e possui um sistema de combate pedra-papel-tesoura. Existem vastos arsenais de armas de longo alcance e corpo a corpo para escolher, bem como uma garra que pode ser usada tanto para combate quanto para perfuração. Além disso, cada herói possui habilidades e talentos únicos, permitindo a personalização de acordo com seu estilo de jogo.

Jogabilidade
Naraka: Bladepoint estabelece sua premissa na "Ilha de Morus", onde os heróis se reúnem para a batalha. Os jogadores podem fazer fila para jogos Solo ou Duo ou Trio e podem escolher entre mais de nove personagens diferentes, enquanto cada um deles tem duas habilidades (habilidade F e Suprema). Entre os nove personagens, "Kurumi Tsuchimikado" é baseado no arquétipo Onmyoji.

Desenvolvimento
• A versão móvel está em desenvolvimento agora, com o objetivo de fornecer a experiência de jogo de combate centrado no corpo a corpo para jogadores mais amplos ao redor do mundo. A equipe Netease Thunderfire UX é responsável pelo design de interface de usuário e UX para sua versão móvel.

• Em 5 de novembro de 2021, a 24 Entertainment anunciou a inauguração do NARAKA: BLADEPOINT World Championship (NBWC), com um prêmio de $ 1,5 milhão. O NBWC inaugural será realizado no início do próximo ano.

• Naraka: Bladepoint está oficialmente chegando aos consoles e tem um jogo PS5 de batalhas centradas no corpo a corpo para mostrar aos jogadores como eles podem jogá-lo nas séries PlayStation e Xbox. A equipe Netease Thunderfire é responsável por desenvolver a versão PS5 e recursos para Naraka: Bladepoint.

• Naraka: Bladepoint, junto com muitos outros títulos, foi anunciado oficialmente durante a cerimônia do Game Awards 2019 em 12 de dezembro de 2019.

Lançamento:
• Após seu lançamento de 3 meses, Naraka: Bladepoint vendeu mais de 6 milhões de cópias em todo o mundo, tornando-o um dos jogos de PC chineses mais vendidos.

• A nova temporada de Naraka: Bladepoint, Cavalaria, começará em 10 de novembro de 2021, apresentando dois novos heróis, incluindo Yueshan, junto com uma nova arma corpo a corpo e vários itens cosméticos. O preço do novo Battle Pass permanecerá o mesmo da temporada anterior e o limite de nível do Battle Pass será expandido de 110 para 130. Os jogadores também receberão a Equestrian Blade Dagger como um agradecimento por seu apoio contínuo. A 24 Entertainment fez parceria com o Museu de Arte de Armas Antigas da China para restaurar esta adaga e conseguiu reproduzi-la em Naraka: Bladepoint.

• Lançamento global com mais de 10 idiomas em agosto de 2021. A equipe NetEase Thunderfire UX tem pesquisado usuários e desenvolvido UX para Naraka: Bladepoint desde seu primeiro protótipo.

Recepção:

• Naraka: Bladepoint recebeu análises "mistas ou médias" de acordo com o agregador de análises Metacritic.
• Naraka: Bladepoint foi nomeado para Melhor Jogo Multijogador 2021 no Golden Joystick Awards em 19 de outubro de 2021, que é um dos mais antigos prêmios de jogos em todo o mundo.

Jogos eletrônicos de luta

Naraka: Bladepoint


Alfred Hales peut désigner:

  (1860-1936), nouvelliste et correspondant de guerre australien ;
 Alfred Hales (1909-1998), homme politique canadien en Ontario ;
 Alfred W. Hales (né en 1938), mathématicien américain.

Voir aussi
 Alfred Hale (né en 1939), joueur irlandais de football

Alfred Hales


Jinjer je ukrajinski heavy metal sastav iz Donjecka. Izvorno su ga 2009. godine osnovali Maksym Fatullajev (vokalist), Dmytro Oksenj (gitarist) i Vjačeslav Ohrymenko (bubnjar). Međutim, sama grupa tvrdi da je službeno osnovana 2010. godine, kad je Tetjana Šmajljuk zamijenila Fatullajeva i kad je u sastav došao gitarist Roman Ibramhalilov. Od nastanka skupina je objavila tri studijska albuma i dva EP-a.

Povijest

Inhale, Don't Breathe (2013.)
Sastav je sve do dolaska basista Jevgena Abdjuhanova u ljeto 2011. i dalje pokušavao pronaći svoj glazbeni stil. Godine 2012. Jinjer je objavio prvi EP, Inhale, Do Not Breathe. EP je zadobio pažnju u krugovima metal glazbe i Jinjer je tijekom te godine financirao vlastitu turneju. Diskografska kuća The Leaders Records krajem 2012. potpisala je ugovor sa sastavom i 2013. službeno objavila EP Inhale, Don't Breathe.
Skupina je također zadobila pažnju kad je 2013. osvojila nagradu kijevske diskografske kuće InshaMuzyka za najbolji ukrajinski metal sastav; istu je nagradu ponovo osvojila tri godine kasnije.

Cloud Factory (2014.)
Grupa je ubrzo nakon objave EP-a Inhale, Do Not Breathe skladala pjesme za novi album. Taj je uradak samostalno objavila 2014. godine pod imenom Cloud Factory. Kasnije ga je objavila njezina trenutačna diskografska kuća Napalm Records. Jinjer je potom otišao na međunarodnu turneju, tijekom koje je počeo rasti krug njezinih obožavatelja. Upravo je ta turneja privukla pozornost Napalm Recordsa, koji je potom potpisao ugovor s Jinjerom.

King of Everything (2016.)
Nakon nekoliko turneja diljem svijeta Jinjer je 2016. godine objavio drugi studijski album, King of Everything, kao i singl i glazbeni spot za pjesmu "Pisces". Glazbeni je spot ubrzo pregledan nekoliko milijuna puta, a Jinjerova je popularnost porasla.

Sastav je osvojio i nagradu za najbolji glazbeni spot za pjesmu "I Speak Astronomy", Godine 2017. grupa je otišla na dvije europske turneje kao predrgupa Arch Enemyju, nakon čega je 2018. godine otišla na prvu sjevernoameričku turneju s Cradle of Filthom. Napalm Records ponovno je objavio album Cloud Factory u veljači 2018. godine.

EP Micro (2019.)
Sastav je 11. siječnja 2019. godine objavio EP Micro, koji se sastoji od pet pjesama. Početkom 2019. grupa je otišla na turneju s Amorphisom, Soilworkom i Nailed to Obscurityjem.

Macro (2019.)
Jinjer je 25. listopada 2019. objavio treći studijski album, Macro. Značajan je po tome što su u pjesmama izmiješani elementi raznih podžanrova metala, ali i ostalih glazbenih žanrova; u pjesmi "Judgement(&Punishment)" pojavljuju se elementi reggaea.

Glazbeni stil i utjecaji
Jinjerov glazbeni stil sastoji se od elemenata death metala, progresivnog rocka i groove metala. Kao sastave koji ga je nadahnuo naveo je izvođače kao što su Guano Apes, Slayer, Death, Pantera, Anathema, Lamb of God, Gojira i Twelve Foot Ninja. Dok je govorio o svojim utjecajima, sastav je naveo i ostale metal grupe, među kojima su Opeth, Karnivool i Textures, ali je naveo i skupine iz žanrova kao što su R&B, soul, funk, jazz, reggae i hip-hop; od izvođača potonjeg glazbenog žanra istaknuo je Cypress Hill i House of Pain.

Članovi sastava

Trenutačni članovi
Tetjana Šmajljuk – vokali (2010. – danas)
Roman Ibramhalilov – gitara (2010. – danas)
Jevgen Abdjuhanov – bas-gitara (2011. – danas)
Vladislav Ulasevič – bubnjevi (2016. – danas)

Bivši članovi
Maksym Fatullajev – vokali (2009.)
Vjačeslav Ohrymenko – bubnjevi (2009. – 2011.)
Aleksandr Kozyjčuk – bubnjevi (2011. – 2013.)
Jevgen Mantulin – bubnjevi (2013. – 2014.)
Dmytro Oksenj – ritam-gitara (2009. – 2015.)
Dmytro Kim – bubnjevi (2014. – 2016.)

Vremenska crta

Diskografija
Studijski albumi
Cloud Factory (2014.)
King of Everything (2016.)
Macro (2019.)
Wallflowers (2021.)
EP-ovi
Inhale, Do Not Breathe (2012.)
Micro (2019.)

Izvori

Ukrajinski glazbeni sastavi
Sastavi progresivnog metala
Metalcore-sastavi
Sastavi groove metala
Sastavi melodičnog death metala

Jinjer


Lygromma anops est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Prodidomidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique des îles Galápagos en Équateur. Elle se rencontre sur Santa Cruz dans des tunnels de lave.

Description
La femelle holotype mesure .

Le mâle décrit par Shear et Peck en 1992 mesure .

Cette araignée est anophthalme.

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite par Peck et Shear en 1987.

Publication originale
 Peck & Shear, 1987 : « A new blind cavernicolous Lygromma (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from the Galápagos Islands. » The Canadian Entomologist, , , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Prodidomidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique des îles Galápagos

Lygromma anops


Damallsvenskan 2016 er den 28. sæson i den svenske topfodboldliga for kvinder, Damallsvenskan. FC Rosengård var forsvarende mestre.

Linköpings FC vandt mesterskabet 2016. Pernille Harder blev topscorer med 24 mål.

Hold

Note: 1 I følge hver enkelt klubs informationsside på Sveriges fodboldforbunds hjemmeside for Damallsvenskan.

Stillingen

Topscorere
.

Referencer

Fodbold i 2016
2016

Damallsvenskan 2016


ألان سيمونسن ، من مواليد 15 ديسمبر 1952، لاعب كرة قدم دنماركي سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم دنماركي.

لعب مع منتخب الدنمارك لكرة القدم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية دنماركيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا الغربية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
حائزون على جائزة أفضل لاعب كرة قدم أوروبي
رياضيون دنماركيون مغتربون في ألمانيا
رياضيون دنماركيون مغتربون في ألمانيا الغربية
رياضيون دنماركيون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون دنماركيون مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو برشلونة
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1984
لاعبو بوروسيا مونشنغلادباخ
لاعبو تشارلتون أثليتيك
لاعبو كأس العالم 1986
لاعبو كرة قدم أولمبيون دنماركيون
لاعبو كرة قدم دنماركيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1972
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا الغربية
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم من إقليم سيد دنمارك
لاعبو منتخب الدنمارك لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي فايله
لاعبون فائزون بكأس الاتحاد الأوروبي
مدربو كرة قدم دنماركيون مغتربون
سيمونسن
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في جزر فارو
مدربو منتخب جزر فارو الوطني لكرة القدم
مدربو منتخب لوكسمبورغ الوطني لكرة القدم
مدربو نادي فايله
مقالات مع مصادر باللغة الألمانية (de)
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
سيمونسن

ألان سيمونسن


Kremlin (Rusça: кремль), "kale", "hisar", "şato" anlamlarına gelen ve çoğu tarihi Rus kentinin merkezinde bulunan muhkim yapılar bütünü. En tanınmışları Moskova Kremlini'dir.

Moskova'daki Kremlin Sarayı, devrim öncesinde Rus çarlarının ikâmetgâhıydı. Moskova Irmağı'ndan 40 m yüksekte bulunan Borovitskiy Burnu üzerinde 28 hektarlık bir alana yayılan, çevresi 20 m yüksekliğinde 2 km'lik bir yalan yapıların en eskisi Spas na Boru (Ormandaki Kurtarıcı Aziz) Kilisesi'dir.

Tarihçe

15. yüzyıl'da ilk Kremlin'in yerine İtalyan mimari anlayışında yeni bir saray yapıldı. 1487'de Beklemişhev Kulesi, 1490'da Borovitskaya Kulesi, Aziz Nikola ve Aziz Flor kapıları eklendi. 3. İvan döneminde birkaç katedral daha yapıldı. Dini yapılar Bizans, diğer yapılar İtalyan etkisi taşırlar. 1527'den sonra yapılan değişiklikleri Alman, İngiliz ve Hollandalı mimarlar gerçekleştirdi. Kremlin'in önemli yapılarından olan Büyük İvan Çan Kulesi'nin yapımına 1505'te başlanıp 1600'de tamamlandı. Kulede dünyanın en büyük çanı olan 218 ton ağırlığındaki Çar Kolokol (Çanların Çarı) bulunur. 1838-1849 yılları arasında Bolşoy Kremlyovskiy Dvoryets (Büyük Saray) inşa edildi. 1932-1934'te Kremlin Tiyatrosu, 1961'de Kongreler Sarayı yapıldı.

Günümüzde Kremlin, Rusya'nın bir simgesi durumuna gelmiştir.

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Kremlin Duvarı Mezarlığı
 Kremlin Sarayı

Kremlin
Rusya'da müstahkem

Kremlin


Emilie de Ravin (d. 27 Aralık 1981, Mount Eliza, Victoria), Avustralyalı aktris.

Hayatı
Emilie de Ravin, 27 Aralık 1981 yılında Mount Eliza, Victoria'da dünyaya geldi. 19 Haziran 2003 yılında Melbourne'de Josh Janowicz ile evlendi. Haziran 2009 yılında ayrı yaşadıkları ve boşanma davası açtıkları bildirildi. Ekim 2009 yılında eşiyle Japonya'ya yaptığı bir geziden sonra boşanmayı iptal etti. 8 Temmuz 2014 yılında eşine boşanma davası açtı. 2016 yılında bir kız çocuğu dünyaya getirdi. 18 Ocak 2018 yılında ABD vatandaşı olduğunu Twitter hesabından duyurdu. Aralık 2018 yılında bir erkek çocuğu dünyaya getirdi.

Filmografi

Kaynakça

Dış Bağlantılar

1981 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
Victoria doğumlu kadın oyuncular
Fransız asıllı Amerikalılar
Fransız asıllı Avustralyalılar
20. yüzyılda Amerikalı kadın oyuncular
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı kadın oyuncular
20. yüzyılda Avustralyalı kadın oyuncular
21. yüzyılda Avustralyalı kadın oyuncular
Amerikalı kadın dizi oyuncuları
Amerikalı kadın sinema oyuncuları
Avustralyalı kadın dizi oyuncuları
Avustralyalı kadın sinema oyuncuları
Ekran Oyuncuları Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki Avustralyalı göçmenler

Emilie de Ravin