A brush is a common tool with bristles, wire or other filaments. It generally consists of a handle or block to which filaments are affixed in either a parallel or perpendicular orientation, depending on the way the brush is to be gripped during use. The material of both the block and bristles or filaments is chosen to withstand hazards of its intended use, such as corrosive chemicals, heat or abrasion. It is used for cleaning, grooming hair, make up,   painting,  surface finishing and for many other purposes.   It is one of the most basic and versatile tools in use today, and the average household may contain several dozen varieties.

History
When houses were first inhabited, homeowners used branches taken from shrubs to sweep up dirt, hence using the first brushes. In 1859, the first brush factory in America was set up in New York.

Manufacture
A common way of setting the bristles, brush filaments, in the brush is the staple or anchor set brush in which the filament is forced with a staple by the middle into a hole with a special driver and held there by the pressure against all of the walls of the hole and the portions of the staple nailed to the bottom of the hole.  The staple can be replaced with a kind of anchor, which is a piece of rectangular profile wire that is anchored to the wall of the hole, like in most toothbrushes. Another way to attach the bristles to the surface can be found in a fused brush, in which instead of being inserted into a hole, a plastic fibre is welded to another plastic surface, giving the option to use different diameters of bristles in the same brush.

Configurations include twisted-in wire (e.g. bottle brushes), cylinders and disks (with bristles spread in one face or radially).

By function

Application of material

The action of such brushes is mostly from the sides, not the tip, contact with which releases material held by capillary action.

Finger-print forensic brush
Gilding brush
Ink brush
Makeup brush
Mascara brush
Nail-polish brush
Paintbrush (fine art or house decoration)
Pastry brush
Shaving brush
Shoe-polish brush (polish applicator)
Wall-paper brush

Combing
The action of these brushes is more akin to combing than brushing, that is they are used to straighten and untangle filaments. Certain varieties of hairbrush are however designed to brush the scalp itself free of material such as dead skin (dandruff) and to invigorate the skin of the scalp.

 Grooming brush
 Hair brush

Other
 Brush (electric), used on electrical motors
 Acid brush, described as consisting of glass threads, in 1906
Acid brush, described as consisting of horsehair held in a crimped copper tube, in 1922
Clothes brush or lint brush
Magnetic brush
 Medical sampling brush
 Brush percussion mallets
 Stippling brush (neither applies nor removes material, but merely adds pattern)

Cleaning

Brushes used for cleaning come in various sizes, ranging from even smaller than that of a toothbrush, to the standard household version accompanied by a dustpan, to 36″ deck brushes. There are brushes for cleaning tiny cracks and crevices and brushes for cleaning enormous warehouse floors. Brushes perform a multitude of cleaning tasks. For example, brushes lightly dust the tiniest figurine, they help scrub stains out of clothing and shoes, they remove grime from tires, and they remove the dirt and debris found on floors with the help of a dust pan. Specific brushes are used for diverse activities from  cleaning vegetables, as a toilet brush, washing glass, cleaning tiles, and as a mild abrasive for sanding.

References

 The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art, Gerald W. R. Ward. Oxford University Press, 2008.
 Glossary of Brush Terms

External links

Cleaning tools
Cosmetics
Painting materials
Tools

Brush


Bombus magnus er tegund af humlum, útbreidd og algeng um Evrópu. Hún er talin undir B. lucorum complex, en þær geta verið illaðgreinanlegar, jafnvel fyrir sérfræðinga.

Ætt
Bombus magnus tilheyrir ættkvísl hunangsflugna (Bombus) og undirættinni Bombus sensu stricto, sem telur fimm tegundir í Evrópu: B. terrestris, B. sporadicus, B. lucorum, B. magnus og B. cryptarum. B. magnus er skyldust B. terrestris, B. cryptarum, og B. lucorum, með örfáum illgreinanlegum einkennum til að skilja þær í sundur.  Til dæmis er þar notast við mun á nemum á þreifurum tegundanna.

Tilvísanir

Hunangsflugur

Bombus magnus


Saluda Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Saluda Township (Indiana)
 Saluda Township (North Carolina)

Saluda Township


Există o varietate de simboluri legate de anarhism, acrație, și anarhie, printre care întâlnim A înăuntrul unui cerc, steagul negru și, prin extensie, utilizarea politică a culorii negre; deși aceste simboluri nu sunt oficiale, au fost impuse datorită obiceiului și popularității.  Mai jos sunt descrise unele dintre aceste simboluri, însoțite de comentarii și istoric.

"A" înăuntrul unui cerc

Descriere

Simbolul anarhist pe care cei mai mulți oameni îl știu este cel care este afișată în stânga, format din litera "A" înconjurată de un cerc: Ⓐ. Cuvintele "anarhie", "acrație" (a=fără + crație=putere) sau "anarhism" (an=fără + arhia=putere) încep cu litera "A" în cele mai multe limbi, ceea ce face din ea un simbol ușor de recunoscut la nivel internațional. Cercul simbolizează unitatea; simbol al echilibrului natural, care nu are nevoie de comandă centrală, ci decurge de la sine. De asemenea, pe lângă că evidențiază litera "A", cercul simbolizează determinarea. Unele grupuri anarhiste beneficiază de sentimentul de solidaritate cu alte grupuri, chiar dacă acestea pot fi separate geografic și au puncte de vedere diferite despre anarhie. Simbolul Ⓐ poate fi văzut ca o încarnare a butadei, până la urmă, a lui Pierre-Joseph Proudhon: "Anarhie înseamnă ordine". Potrivit lecturii acestui simbol, cercul reprezintă "O" din "ordine". În timp ce originile simbolului nu sunt în întregime clare, se pare că a existat chiar înainte de Războiul Civil Spaniol, fiind adoptat ca un simbol al Aliance Ouvrière Anarchiste (AOA) (Alianța Muncitorească Anarhistă), fondată în 1956 , în Bruxelles, după care a fost din nou reinventat în mod independent în 1964 de către grupul francez Jeunesse Libertaire. scopul a fost de a crea un simbol care ar consolida întreaga mișcare anarhistă, fără distincție de tendințe.

Inspirația poate au găsit-o în simbolul pacifist (cercul cu runa Algiz). Propunerea francezilor, aparent, nu a avut un mare ecou, până când doi ani mai târziu, în 1966, un tânăr anarhist din Milano, care făcea parte din cercul de Sacco y Vanzetti a început să-l folosească. În 1968 a fost scos la Milano pe străzi iar evenimentele din mai 1968 din Franța l-au consacrat. Acest caracter poate fi scris în Unicode cu U+24B6 (Ⓐ)

Istoria

Steagul negru

Culoarea sa neagră a fost asociată cu anarhia începând cu sfârșitul secolului al XIX-lea. Multe grupuri anarhiste conțin cuvântul "negru" în numele lor. Uniformitatea întunericului în drapel simbolizează pământul fertil (negru) reprezentând viața și puritatea idealului acratic, anarhist (culoarea neagră nu se murdărește). Ea reprezintă, de asemenea, internaționalismul, care neagă orice fel de limite.          Un simplu steag negru este aproape ca un antisteag (steagurile colorate reprezintă, în general, simboluri național-statale). În plus, un steag alb este simbolul predării în fața unei forțe superioare, astfel încât un steag negru poate fi văzut cu sensul opus, de revoltă, de rezistență sau revoltă. De asemenea, în conceptul de antisteag poate simboliza negarea oricărei ideologii, filozofii, religii, tradiții (care au, în general, simboluri) în numele cărora este înrobită ființa umană. Steagul negru poate fi asociat cu Jolly Roger.

Unii dintre primii anarhiști s-au identificat cu steagul roșu ca provenind din tradiția socialismului sau ca un simbol al revoluției, reprezentată din punct de vedere istoric prin culoarea roșie. Când în familia socialistă, a avut loc despărțirea finală între marxiști și anarhiști, aceștia din urmă au adoptat steagul negru ca pe un simbol care să-i diferențieze de "socialismul de stat", reprezentat de primul. Lăsând la o parte originea exactă a anarhismului, este o realitate faptul că culoarea neagră a steagului a ajuns să se asocieze cu anarhismul din deceniul 8 al secolului XIX, ca un semn prevestitor al Comunei din Paris. Ziarul francez Le Drapeau Noir  (Steagul Negru), care a existat până în anul 1882, a fost una dintre primele publicații care a făcut referire la utilizarea culorii negre, ca un simbol al gândirii anarhiste. "Black International" a fost numele unui grup anarhist din Londra , fondat în iulie 1881. În Revoluția Rusă, forțele anarhiste ale lui Nestor Makhno au fost cunoscute în popor ca Ciornaia Armia (Armata Neagră). I-au măturat, sub simbolul steagului negru, pe albii din Ucraina, până când bolșevicii, conduși de Lenin, a început vânătoarea de vrăjitoare împotriva anarhiștilor și a tuturor organizațiilor și mișcărilor revoluționare nebolșevice. Mai recent, studenți parizieni au purtat steaguri negre (și roșii) în timpul masivei greve generală din mai 1968. În același an, s-au văzut aceste steaguri la Convenția Națională din SUA a Studenților pentru o societate democratică. În același timp, a apărut ziarul britanic The Black Flag ziar care încă există și azi. Astăzi, steagul negru continuă să fie un simbol al celor care sunt adepții anarhiei.

Anarhosindicalism și anarhocomunism

Pisica neagră
Pisica neagră, numită și "pisica sălbatică" sau "ochi de pisică" ("wild cat", în limba engleză) este afișată în mod normal cu spatele arcuit și  arătându-și unghiile și dinții. Ea este legată mai ales de anarho-sindicalism. Acesta a fost proiectat de către Ralph Chaplin, o figură bine-cunoscută în cadrul sindicatului american al Muncitorilor Industriali Mondiali.

Steagul negru-auriu

Referințe

Anarhism
Simboluri

Simboluri anarhiste


Krimska platforma je akcija ukrajinskog Ministarstva vanjskih poslova, započeta 2021., kako bi se diplomatskim putem poništila ruska aneksija Krimskog poluotoka 2014. godine.

Ciljevi koje treba postići su vraćanje pitanja Krima na globalni dnevni red, zaštita ljudskih prava na Krimu, promicanje deokupacije poluotoka i jačanje europske i globalne sigurnosti.

Službeno lansiranje platforme održano je tijekom inauguralnog Krimskog samita u Kijevu 23. kolovoza 2021. Aktivnosti Krimske platforme sa sjedištem u Kijevu osmišljene su da traju.

Krimska platforma trebala bi postati kolegijalni subjekt interakcije s Rusijom u kontekstu Krima, smatra tadašnji zamjenik premijera i ministar za reintegraciju okupiranih teritorija Ukrajine Oleksiy Reznikov.

Konstitutivni samit
Turska, Sjedinjene Američke Države, Kanada, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo i Republika Moldavija prve su zemlje koje su najavile da će poslati svoje predstavnike na summit u Kijevu.

Rusija je napore Ukrajine da povrati Krim označila kao nelegitimne, a sudjelovanje zemalja i organizacija u ukrajinskoj inicijativi kao izravno miješanje u teritorijalni integritet Rusije. Ruska Federacija također je pokušala narušiti vjerodostojnost platforme te pritiscima, ucjenama i zastrašivanjem spriječiti druge države da sudjeluju na summitu, pa se popis pozvanih na summit morao držati u tajnosti.

Događaj, uz sudjelovanje svih država članica NATO-a, EU -a i G7, postao je najveći međunarodni događaj koji je Ukrajina ikada organizirala.

Događaju su nazočili predsjednik Ukrajine Volodymyr Zelenskyy, predsjednik Vrhovne Rade Ukrajine Dmytro Razumkov, premijer Ukrajine Denys Shmyhal, šefovi stranih izaslanstava, vođa krimskotatarskog naroda Mustafa Abduldjemil Dzhemiliev i predstavnik Ekspertne mreže Krimska platforma Olga Skrypnyk.

Deklaracija
Nakon konstituirajućeg summita zemlje sudionice pristale su na zajedničku završnu deklaraciju.

U dokumentu se navodi:

 uspostaviti Međunarodnu krimsku platformu kao savjetodavni i koordinacijski format za miran kraj privremene okupacije Krima od strane Rusije,
 nastaviti politiku nepriznavanja ruske nezakonite aneksije Krima,
 uvesti daljnje "političke, diplomatske i restriktivne mjere" protiv Rusije "gdje je to predviđeno pravnim sustavom svake članice platforme, u skladu s odgovarajućom procedurom, potrebno i kada to zahtijevaju akcije Rusije."
 suočiti se s novim izazovima i hibridnim prijetnjama uzrokovanim militarizacijom Krima koja je u tijeku,
 pozivajući Rusku Federaciju da ispuni svoje obveze kao okupacijske sile u skladu s međunarodnim humanitarnim pravom, da odmah prekine sva kršenja ljudskih prava, posebno u odnosu na stanovnike Krima, i da dopusti pristup Krimu mehanizmima za praćenje ljudskih prava i ljudskim pravima branitelji prava,
 koristiti odgovarajuće mehanizme Ujedinjenih naroda, Vijeća Europe, OESS- a i drugih međunarodnih i regionalnih organizacija kako bi mogli riješiti probleme vezane uz privremenu okupaciju,
 razmotriti mogućnost potpore gospodarskim, infrastrukturnim i ekološkim projektima za razvoj regija Ukrajine koje graniče s privremeno okupiranim poluotokom Krim,
 priznati ulogu nacionalnih parlamenata u suprotstavljanju privremenoj okupaciji Krima i promicati koordinaciju krimskih aktivnosti između nacionalnih parlamenata i na razini međuparlamentarnih skupština.

Sudionici Krimske platforme očekuju povratak privremeno okupiranih područja Krima i Sevastopolja Ukrajini i obnovu njihova autonomnog statusa, te pozivaju Rusku Federaciju da se konstruktivno uključi u Međunarodnu krimsku platformu u svrhu okončanja privremene okupacije poluotoka Krima za sudjelovanje.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 crimea-platform.org

Politika Ukrajine

Krimska platforma


المعهد الوطني للتقنيات الفضائية ، هي وكالة الفضاء التابعة لإسپانيا. أنشئت الوكالة عام 1942 ويقع مقرها في تيريجون دي أردوز، قرب مدريد.

التنظيم
تكلفة 100 مليون يورو تأتي من وزارة الدفاع من مشاريعا الخاصة ومونشئاتها. بلغ عدد الموظفين في الوكالة 1200 عامل، معظمهم في قطاع التطوير والأبحاث.

أهم المجالات في الوكالة هي مجال الأبحاث والتطوير ومجال التصنيع والاختبار.

الإعدادات
أطلقت المنظمة أول قمر صناعي لها، إنتاسات، في 15 نوفمبر 1974، وكان الإطلاق غلى متن صاروخ ناسا دلتا (صاروخ).

حالياً، تتحكم المنظمة في مركز مدريد المركب للاتصال الفضائي ومحطة إطلاق الصواريخ في أندلسيا في غرب إسبانيا.

وصلات خارجية
 INTA Official Site

المصادر

العلوم والتقنية في إسبانيا
برنامج إسبانيا الفضائي
تأسيسات سنة 1942 في إسبانيا
معاهد أبحاث في منطقة مدريد
منظمات أسست في 1942
وكالات حكومية في إسبانيا
وكالات فضاء
إنتا

المعهد الوطني للتقنيات الفضائية


Ivan Klarić (Vrkašić kraj Bihaća, 28. kolovoza 1867. – Tuzla, 27. kolovoza 1912.)., hrvatski učitelj i književnik iz Bosne i Hercegovine. Pisao pripovijetke i skupljao narodne pjesme i običaje.

Životopis
Rodio se u Vrkašiću kraj Bihaća. U Sarajevu je završio Učiteljsku školu. Od 1888. učiteljevao u Bihaću, od 1890. u Varcar Vakufu. U Zagrebu 1893. položio ispit za nastavnika građanskih škola.  U Livnu od 1894. bio je upraviteljem škole, a na istoj dužnosti od 1897. u Bihaću. Opet radi kao učitelj u Travniku od 1899. godine. Vratio se u Livno gdje je učitelj od 1901. Zadnje odredište bila je Tuzla u kojoj je učiteljevao od 1907. godine.

Književni opus čini mu više od 100 pripovijedaka. Tema Klarićevih pripovijedaka je život islamskoga pučanstva za austro-ugarske vlasti u BiH (zbirka Iz doba buna i zauzeća. Crtice iz hrvatske Herceg-Bosne, biografsku pripovijest s izraženim rodoljubnim i poučnim značajkama Sreća u nesreći) te poučne priče za mladež. Prikazivao život "običnih ljudi" bez izražene političke i moralističke težnje. Pisao u tradiciji usmene književnosti, često se služeći stvarnim zbivanjima kao predloškom. Nije razvio vlastiti narativni model. Pisao pod pseudonimima Ivan Bogdanović-Ukrajinski i Vsevolod Vsevolodović Nehajev. J. Milaković ga je uvrstio u zbirku Književni pupoljci učiteljskih pripravnika u Sarajevu 1887. – 1912.

Skupljao je narodne pjesme i običaje. Radove je objavio u raznim periodicima (Obzor, Hrvoje, Kršćanska obitelj, Hrvatski dnevnik i dr., etnološke u Zbornik za narodni život i običaje Južnih Slavena i dr.).

Izvori

Životopisi, Livno
Životopisi, Tuzla
Hrvatski književnici iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Skupljači narodnih pjesama

Ivan Klarić (učitelj)


Gujar Khan (punjabi/urdu: گوجرخان) er en by i Punjab, Pakistan. Byen ligger omkring 55 kilometer sydøst for Islamabad, hovedstaden i Pakistan og 220 km nordvest for Lahore, hovedstaden i Punjab.

Byer i Pakistan

Gujar Khan


Jean-Luc Thérier (Hodeng-au-Bosc, 7 de octubre de 1945-Neufchâtel-en-Bray, 31 de julio de 2019) fue un piloto de rally francés que compitió en el Campeonato del Mundo de Rally desde 1973 hasta 1984. Consiguió cinco victorias y diez podios. Fue además dos veces Campeón de Francia y obtuvo varias victorias en rallyes internacionales hasta de la aparición del mundial en 1973.

Palmarés

Victorias internacionales

Victorias en WRC

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Jean Luc Therier juwra.com

Pilotos de rally de Francia
Pilotos de las 24 Horas de Le Mans
Pilotos del Campeonato Mundial de Rally

Jean-Luc Thérier


Feings ist der Name zweier Orte in Frankreich:

 Feings (Loir-et-Cher), ehemalige Gemeinde im Département Loir-et-Cher
 Feings (Orne), Gemeinde im Département Orne

Feings


Tam Kung () or Tam Tai Sin () is a sea deity worshiped in Hong Kong and Macau.

In Chinese folk legends, Tam Kung was one of gods who could forecast the weather. He was born in Huizhou Prefecture. It was said that he could cure patients in his childhood. Tam Kung became an immortal in heaven at the age of twenty in the Nine-dragon Mountain in Huizhou. He was officially deified during the Qing dynasty. People whose ancestral home are in Huizhou or Chaoshan of Guangdong province worship Tam Kung most sincerely.

Temples in Hong Kong

Shau Kei Wan
The Tam Kung Sin Shing Temple () is located along Tam Kung Temple Road, at the northern end of Shau Kei Wan Main Street East, in A Kung Ngam, Shau Kei Wan. It was originally a small shrine. Local people raised money to construct it in 1905 and reconstructed it many times afterwards.

The statue of Tam Kung, which was first worshipped among the other gods in the temple, was formerly positioned in the Tam Kung Temple in Tam Kung Road () in Kowloon City. There is a big rock in front of the temple and is believed to be Tam Kung's magic stamp. Local residents and fishermen are the sincere worshippers. On the birthday of Tam Kung (8th day of the 4th month in Chinese calendar), they will have a celebration and play a so-called "kung fu" show which is a major part of the celebration. A parade and dragon dance are also held on this occasion.

The temple has been managed by the Chinese Temples Committee since 1928. The temple is a former Grade I historic building. It is a Grade III historic building since April 2013.

Happy Valley
A Tam Kung Temple is located on a small hill at No.9 Blue Pool Road, Happy Valley, at the intersection with Ventris Road. This temple was built in 1901 after the previous one located on a slope near the Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital in Happy Valley, in the former Wong Nai Chung Village, was demolished during urban development. According to a story, Tam Kung appeared to a young boy in a dream and guided him to the present site, which was regarded as selected by the deity for the new location of the temple. A Tin Hau Temple, also relocated in 1901, is situated at the back of this temple. The temples have been managed by the Chinese Temples Committee since 1929.

Southern District
The Tam Kung Yea Temple () is located off Shek Pai Wan Road, in Tin Wan, Southern District.

Ping Chau
The Tam Tai Sin Temple (), in Sha Tau, Tung Ping Chau was built around 1877. Many early residents of Tung Ping Chau were from Shantou and they kept the tradition of worshipping Tam Kung after they settled on the island. The Temple celebrates the Tam Kung Festival on the 8th day of the fourth Lunar month.

Other places

Macau
There is also a Tam Kung Temple at Rua de Cinco de Outubro in Coloane, Macau. It was built in 1862.

Canada
In Victoria, BC, Canada, there is also a temple to the Deity, Tam Kung. The temple was erected in 1876. At 1713 Government Street is a tall, slim building established by the Yen Wo Society. Fifty-two steps up to the top floor is the oldest Chinese Temple in Canada. The statue you will find there was originally kept in a wooden box at Market Square, and it was moved to the temple by its keeper after Tam Kung appeared to him in a dream. Visitors are welcome most days from 10 to 4, and visitors can make donations for good health and the upkeep of the shrine.

Malaysia
There are several Tam Kung temples in Malaysia and these temples were mainly established by the Hakka community in Malaysia. One of the prominent temples is Tam Kung Temple, which is located at Mile 1.5 of North Road in Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. The temple was established in 1894 by Hakka immigrants in Sandakan.

See also
 Tin Hau and Tin Hau temples in Hong Kong
 Hung Shing and Hung Shing Temple
 Kwan Tai temples in Hong Kong
 Hip Tin temples in Hong Kong
 Places of worship in Hong Kong

References

External links

 Tam Kung Temples of Hong Kong
Tam Kung Temple, Shau Kei Wan
 The Temple Trail entry on Tam Kung Temple, Shau Kei Wan
 Pictures of Tam Kung Temple, Shau Kei Wan
 Pictures of Tam Kung Birthday festival in Shau Kei Wan
 Tam Kung Temple, Shau Kei Wan in the 1920s
Tam Kung Yea Temple, Southern District
 Pictures:
Tam Tai Sin Temple, Ping Chau
 Pictures:

Chinese gods
Sea and river gods
Taoism in Hong Kong
A Kung Ngam
Kowloon City
Religion in Macau
Coloane
Taoism in Guangdong

Tam Kung


جزر القمر للطيران هي شركة الطيران الوطنية في جزر القمر، يقع مقرها الرئيسي في العاصمة موروني وتتخذ من مطار الأمير سعيد إبراهيم الدولي مركزاً لعملياتها، تأسست الشركة سنة 1996 وبدأت عملياتها سنة 1997، تقدم جزر القمر للطيران خدماتها إلى سبعة وجهات في جنوب وشرق أفريقيا، وبلغ عدد موظفي الشركة 82 موظفاً في مارس 2007.

الوجهات
 جزر القمر
 موروني (مطار الأمير سعيد إبراهيم الدولي) [مركز العمليات]
 أنجوان (مطار أنجوان).
 موهيلي (مطار موهيلي).
 تنزانيا
 دار السلام (مطار دار السلام الدولي).
 مدغشقر
 أنتاناناريفو (مطار أنتاناناريفو الدولي).
 ماهاجانغا (مطار ماهاجانغا).

الأسطول
يتكون أسطول الشركة في مارس 2009 من:
 طائرة واحدة من طراز إمبراير 120.
 طائرتين من طراز ليت إل 410.

انظر أيضا
 الخطوط الجوية الجيبوتية
 خطوط جوبا الجوية

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1996 في جزر القمر
شركات طيران أسست سنة 1996
شركات طيران جزر القمر
موروني

جزر القمر للطيران


Le curry antillais aux bananes est une recette de cuisine traditionnelle de la cuisine antillaise, à base de curry et de banane.

Historique
Le curry est introduit aux Antilles au  (et décliné en colombo) par les Indiens arrivés d'Inde britannique (de l'Empire britannique).

Préparation
Variante du colombo, cette recette peut être déclinée sous de nombreuses variantes de poulet, porc, agneau, cabri, bœuf, poissons, crevettes, ou langoustes.

Laisser mariner environ une heure viande ou poisson dans une marinade de citron, lait de coco, curry, sel, poivre. Faire revenir et colorer la viande ou poisson au beurre, dans une cocotte, avec des oignons, puis faire cuire avec la marinade. Faire revenir au beurre des rondelles de bananes, d'ananas ou des raisins secs. Servir par exemple avec du riz ou du gratin de bananes.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Colombo
 Curry (plat)
 Cuisine antillaise
 Cuisine indienne
 Épice et graine aromatique
 Liste de mélanges d'épices
 Poulet antillais

Liens externes
 .
 .

Curry
Cuisine indienne
Cuisine antillaise

Curry antillais aux bananes


Prüfstand VII (Afprøvningsrampe VII ved Heeresversuchsanstalt Peenemünde på øen Usedom i den tyske delstat Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, var den vigtigste udviklings-, undervisnings- og affyringsrampe for raketten (kendt under betegnelsen V2 ("Vergeltungswaffe 2") (Gengældesvåben 2).

Beskrivelse
Afprøvningsrampen var omgivet af en elliptisk formet befæstet jordvold, hvor også kontrolstationen var placeret, og derfor blev kaldt "Arena". Til affyringsrampen hørte også en 32 meter høj montagehal. Raketrampen var overdimensioneret til V2 raketterne, da planen senere var at afprøve de langtrækkende A9 og A10-raketter, men på grund den stadig vanskeligere krigssituation kunne de enkelte raketdele ikke fremstilles. A9 og A10 raketterne ("America raketter"), var beregnet til at nå USA.

Ledelsen af anlægget havde raket-ingeniøren Kurt Heinrich Debus (1908-1983), som organiserede de operative opgaver i to arbejdsgrupper: En gruppe var ansvarlig for det mekaniske system og driv systemet, den anden for elektronisk kontrol og instrumentering.
For bedre at følge affyringsprocessen blev der installeret et fjernsynsanlæg, som er verdens første praktiske anvendelse af det industrielle tv.

Driftsperiode
Prüfstand VII, blev bygget i 1938 og blev indtil rømningen af HVA Peenemünde i februar 1945 benyttet til forsøgsaffyringer af V2-raketterne;– på trods af de store skader det britiske luftangreb i midten af august 1943 ("Operation Hydra") og tre videre luftslag foretaget af USAF den 18. juli samt den 4. og 25. august 1944 forårsagede.

I alt krævede krigsindsatsen med de mobile V2 affyringsraketter fra de forskellige placeringssteder i Tyskland mere end 8000 menneskeliv, hovedsagelig civile. Det største antal af ofre skete den 16. december 1944 i Antwerpen, da en V2 raket ramte biografen "Rex" og 567 mennesker døde.

Tyskerne benyttede til anlægsarbejdet af raketrampen 1400 slavearbejdere som var krigsfanger og fanger i tre koncentrationslejre på Usedom under krigen. I Peenemünde eksisterede der siden juni 1943 en KZ-arbejslejr. Derudover var der en krigsfangelejr ved Karlshagen og en KZ-lejren ved Trassenheide. Mindst 171 fanger der døde mellem november 1943 og september 1944 blev brændt i et krematorium ved Greifswald, andre lig blev fjernet fra stedet. Desuden var der under de fire allieredes bombeangreb på HVA Peenemünde mange døde.
Kurt Debus, senere direktør for John F. Kennedy Space Center, var ved rømningen den sidste leder af Prüfstand VII. Indtil indstillingen af af affyrings området den 21. februar 1945 blev der affyret 175 forsøgs V2-raketter.

Efterkrigstiden
Mellem 1948 og 1961 blev det tekniske anlæg ødelagt af den sovjetiske besættelsesmagt. I nutiden er der kun enkelte rester af det store anlæg tilbage.

Eksterne henvisninger

 Peenemündes historiskt tekniska informationscentrum

2. verdenskrig
Raketter

Prüfstand VII


Leges Clodiae ("leis Clodianas") foram uma série de leis (plebiscitos) aprovadas pelo Conselho Plebeu da República Romana sob o tribuno Públio Clódio Pulcro em 58 a.C. Clódio era um membro patrício ("gens") Cláudio. Com o apoio de Júlio César, que ocupou seu primeiro consulado em 59 a.C., Clódio foi adotado por uma plebeia para se qualificar para o cargo de tribuno da plebe, que não era aberta aos patrícios. Clódio foi notoriamente um amargo oponente de Cícero.

As Leis
Uma lei, a Lex Clodia de Auspiciis ("A Lei de Clódio sobre os Auspícios"), impedia os magistrados romanos, que presidiam as assembleias legislativas, de dissolver as assembleias (especificamente, a Assembleia Tribal), declarando que presságios desfavoráveis (auspícios) foram observados. Esta tinha sido uma forma comum de obstrução legislativa por séculos, e foi formalmente codificada por volta do ano 150 a.C. pela Lex Aelia et Fufia. Pompeu, por exemplo, era conhecido por ter usado esse dispositivo obstrutivo pelo menos uma vez. Assim, com efeito, esta lei revogou a Lex Aelia et Fufia.

Outra lei, a Lex Clodia de Censoribus ("A Lei de Clódio sobre os Censores"), prescrevia certas regras para os Censores Romanos no exercício de suas funções como inspetores da moral pública (mores). Também exigia a concordância de ambos os censores para infligir a nota censoria. Durante o censo (realizado uma vez a cada cinco anos), os censores podiam colocar uma nota ao lado do nome de um cidadão, geralmente por crimes como falência, covardia ou ter sido gladiador. Se um cidadão tivesse uma nota colocada ao lado de seu nome, ele estava sujeito a uma série de penalidades, incluindo multas, exílio, atribuição a uma tribo inferior para fins de voto, ou mesmo a perda de sua cidadania. Assim, ao exigir o concurso para a colocação de uma nota, esta lei colocou um controlo adicional sobre os poderes dos Censores. Este era tipicamente o único ato que exigia a concordância de ambos os censores. Além disso, quando um senador já havia sido condenado perante um tribunal ordinário, essa lei permitia que os censores o removessem do senado de forma sumária. Esta lei foi revogada em  pela Lex Caecilia De Censoria, que foi promulgada por um inimigo político de Clódio, Metelo Cipião.

Uma terceira lei, a Lex Clodia de Civibus Romanis Interemptis, foi fundamental para o apoio de César a Clódio. A lei ameaçava punir quem oferecesse fogo e água a quem executasse cidadãos romanos sem julgamento "qui civem Romanum indemnatum interemisset, ei aqua et igni interdiceretur". Este foi um meio engenhoso de forçar Cícero ao exílio sem experimentá-lo diretamente. Cícero, um inimigo de Clódio que havia executado membros da conspiração catilinária vários anos antes sem julgamento formal, era claramente o alvo pretendido da lei. César apoiou Clódio porque queria que Cícero fosse exilado (Cícero era um dos líderes dos optimates do Senado, que era um grupo que se opunha a César, Clódio e outros populares.) Como resultado dessa lei, Cícero foi para o exílio, do qual não retornou por 18 meses.

Uma quarta lei, a Lex Clodia Frumentaria, exigia a distribuição gratuita de grãos aos cidadãos pobres de Roma. Antes dessa lei, os grãos eram distribuídos aos pobres de Roma a um preço baixo. Isso foi algo radical, pois durante os primeiros séculos da república, pelas leis valerianas e porcianas, vários cidadãos foram executados por distribuir grãos grátis aos pobres, sob a preocupação de que eles estivessem planejando ganhar apoio popular para derrubar o governo e apoderar-se de uma tirania.

Uma quinta lei, a Lex Clodia de Sodalitatibus ("A Lei de Clodius sobre as Associações") era uma lei que declarava que certos clubes de "natureza semi-política" (ou seja, gangues armadas) eram legais. Esses clubes foram abolidos por um decreto do senado em 80 a.C., provavelmente por insistência do aristocrático ditador romano Lucius Cornelius Sulla, que tentou enfraquecer o poder dos cidadãos de Roma e fortalecer o senado. O resultado desta lei foi uma onda de violência e guerra de gangues que resultou no assassinato de Clódio, e isso não terminaria até o fim da república e o estabelecimento do Império Romano.

Uma sexta lei, a Lex Clodia de Libertinorum Suffragiis ("A Lei de Clódio sobre o voto dos libertos") tentou estender os direitos de voto (sufrágio) dos libertos (ou seja, dos ex-escravos).

Uma sétima lei, a Lex Clodia de Rege Ptolemaeo et de exsulibus Byzantinis pertencia a várias províncias orientais de Roma e estados vassalos (em particular o Egito ptolomaico e Bizâncio na Grécia).

Bibliografia
 Tatum, W. Jeffrey. The Patrician Tribune: P. Clodius Pulcher. Studies in the History of Greece and Rome (University of North Carolina Press, 1999) hardcover
 Fezzi, L: Il tribuno Clodio (Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2008)

Direito da Roma Antiga

Leges Clodiae


Stadio Renzo Barbera er et fodboldstadion i den italienske by Palermo. Fodboldklubben Palermo spiller sine hjemmekampe på stadionet, der ligger nordvest for byens centrum for foden af kystbjerget Monte Ertca. Det er et åbent stadion, hvor kun hovedtribunen er overdækket.

Stadio Renzo Barbera åbnede i 1932 under navnet Stadio Littorio. Littorio er det italienske ord for den romerske soldat liktor, bæreren af det romerske symbol fasces, som datidens fascitiske regime tog deres navn fra. I 1936 ændrede man stadions navn til Stadio Michele Marrone til ære for en fascitisk soldat, der faldt under Første Verdenskrig. Efter fascisternes fald blev stadion atter omdøbt. Denne gang til La Favorita efter bydelen, hvor stadion ligger.

Oprindeligt havde stadion løbebane og kun egentlige tribuner på langsiderne. Efter Anden Verdenskrig blev løbebanen fjernet, og i stedet byggede man kurvede endetribuner. Tilsammen gav det plads til ca. 30.000 tilskuere. Siden blev La Favorita let renoveret i 1960'erne, da Palermo vendte tilbage til Serie A, atter i 1984, hvor kapaciteten blev øget til ca. 50.000 og igen op til VM i 1990, hvor kapaciteten blev sænket en del.

I 2002 blev stadion opkaldt efter Renzo Barbera - klubbens præsident i årene 1970-1980.

Referencer

Renzo Barbera
Palermo
Etableret i 1932

Stadio Renzo Barbera


Berlin Biennale  (die Berlin Biennale für zeitgenössische Kunst) er en international udstilling af samtidskunst der afholdes i Berlin hvert andet år på lige årstal.

Berlin Biennale blev grundlagt i 1998 af Eberhard Mayntz og Klaus Biesenbach. Biesenbach har også grundlagt Kunst-Werke Berlin (KW Institute for Contemporary Art), kunstinstitutionen der arrangerer biennalen. Siden 2004 får biennalen finansiel støtte fra den føderale kulturstiftelse Kulturstiftung des Bundes, og er deretter blevet holdt hvert andet år. Den syvende biennale, i 2012, var den første uden entréafgift og samlede mere end 120 000 besøgende.

Biennalens udstillinger afholdes på forskellige pladser i byen, men har sit centrum på Kunst-Werke Berlin, på Auguststraße 69.

Den niende biennale blev afholdt mellem 4. juni og 18. september 2016, og var kurateret af det New York-baserede kunstnerkollektiv DIS, bestående af Lauren Boyle, Solomon Chase, Marco Roso og David Toro.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Berlin Biennale  - Hjemmeside

Biennale
Kunst
Udstillinger

Berlin Biennale


Velascoa, monotipski rod sjevernoameričkih grmova iz porodice Crossosomataceae, dio reda Crossosomatales. Jedina vrsta je V. recondita iz sjevernog Meksika (Querétaro).

Izvori

Crossosomataceae

Velascoa


عين شيب قرية سورية تتبع ناحية مركز إدلب في منطقة مركز إدلب في محافظة إدلب. بلغ عدد سكانها 2,415 نسمة في عام 2004 حسب إحصاء المكتب المركزي للإحصاء.

تبعد عن مدينة إدلب 10 كم. تعداد سكانها 4,000 نسمة تقريباً، معظمهم يعملون بالزراعة، وهم ينتمون إلى أكثر من طائفة. تعتمد القرية بشكل أساسي على زراعة الزيتون والعمل في الأراضي المروية في سهل الروج. ومن أهم معالمها قصر حمود، كما يوجد فيها مدرسة إعدادية وأخرى ابتدائية، وتبلغ نسبة المتعلمين فيها حوالي 30%. تحيط بالقرية أشجار الزيتون من كل الجهات.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في منطقة إدلب
قرى محافظة إدلب

عين شيب


Demokratik Toplum Hareketi, kısaca DTH, HEP, ÖZEP, ÖZDEP, DEP, HADEP, DEHAP, ÖTP çizgisinin DTP adıyla partileşmesine giden süreçteki oluşumdur. DTH partileşerek Demokratik Toplum Partisi (DTP) ismini almıştır. 11 Aralık 2009'da Demokratik Toplum Partisi kapatıldıktan sonra DTP'li milletvekilleri ve DTP İl ve İlçe Örgütleri Barış ve Demokrasi Partisi'ne (BDP) katılmıştır. Milletvekillikleri düşürülüp siyasi yasak getirilen Ahmet Türk ve Aysel Tuğluk'un meclisten ayrılmasıyla meclis grubu düşmüş daha sonra İstanbul bağımsız milletvekili Ufuk Uras'ın katılımıyla BDP meclis grubunu kurmuştur.

Seçimler
 Milletvekili seçimleri:

 Yerel seçimler:

 Cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimleri:

Zaman çizelgesi

Ayrıca bakınız
Kürt siyasi hareketi

Kaynakça

Türkiye'deki siyasi hareketler
Türkiye'deki siyasi ittifaklar
2009'da Türkiye'de kurulan oluşumlar
Demokratik Toplum Hareketi

Demokratik Toplum Hareketi (Türkiye)


Otto 1. af Braunschweig-Lüneburg (kaldt Otto Barnet ( 1204 – 9. juni 1252) var medlem af fyrstehuset Welf og den første hertug af Braunschweig-Lüneburg fra 1235 til sin død i 1252.

Otto Barnet var sønnesøn af den detroniserede hertug Henrik Løve af Sachsen. Han arvede efterhånden efter sin fader,  hvad der var tilbage af Huset Welfs lande: i 1218 Braunschweig og i 1227 Lüneburg. Han tog del i 1220'ernes nordtyske kampe på sin morbroder Valdemar Sejrs side. I 1235 forsonede han sig med kejser Frederik 2. og modtog sine lande som hertugdømmet Braunschweig-Lüneburg som len af kejseren..

Biografi
Otto blev født ca. 1204 som den eneste søn af Wilhelm af Winchester, herre af Lüneburg (1184-1213), (kendt som Vilhelm den Fede), i hans ægteskab med den danske kongedatter, Helene af Danmark (død 1233), datter af kong Valdemar den Store. Hans far var den yngste søn af Henrik Løve, den tidligere hertug af Sachsen, der var blevet afsat af den hohenstaufiske kejser Frederik Barbarossa i 1180. Ved en aftale i 1202 med brødrene Henrik 5. og Otto 4. havde Vilhelm modtaget Huset Welfs allodialgods omkring Lüneburg i Sachsen.

Otto var mindreårig, da hans far døde i 1213, og Otto arvede hans besiddelser. Hans mor var hans formynder frem til 1218, hvad der blev anledningen til hans tilnavn. I 1223 indsatte Ottos onkel Henrik 5. ham som arving til de øvrige welfiske allodialgodser, som han arvede ved Henriks død i 1227.

Otto havde tætte forbindelser til det danske hof og tog del i 1220'ernes nordtyske kampe på sin morbroder Valdemar Sejrs side. Den 22. juli 1227 deltog han på dansk side i Slaget ved Bornhøved mellem den danske hær ledet af Valdemar Sejr og en koalition af flere tyske fyrster fra Sachsen og Holsten samt hansebyen Lübeck. Valdemar Sejr led nederlag til koalitionshæren, og Otto blev taget til fange sammen med tre danske biskopper og havnede i fangenskab hos grev Henrik af Schwerin. Otto blev først løsladt i januar 1229 mod betaling af løsepenge på forbøn fra paven og den engelske konge. I tiden herefter var hans situation vanskelig, da mange politiske rivaler forsøgte at udnytte situationen. Det lykkedes ham dog ved at føre en klog politik både at konsolidere sit arvegods og at erhverve sig nye besiddelser. I forbindelse hermed kom det til en overenskomst med Ærkebispedømmet Bremen, som han var kommet i konflikt med.

I 1235 blev stridighederne mellem fyrstehusene Welf og Hohenstaufen bilagt på Hofdagen i Mainz ved mægling fra engelsk side. Otto modtog her sine besiddelser omkring Braunschweig og Lüneburg som len af kejser Frederik 2. som det nyoprettede arvelige hertugdømme Braunschweig-Lüneburg.

Hertug Otto døde den 9. juni 1252 i Lüneburg. Han ligger begravet i Braunschweig Domkirke. Efter hertug Ottos død arvede hans ældste sønner Albrecht og Johan hertugdømmet i fællesskab. I 1269 blev territoriet delt mellem dem.

Ægteskab og børn
Otto giftede sig i 1228 med Mathilde af Brandenburg (død 1261), datter af markgrev Albrecht 2. af Brandenburg. Parret fik ti børn:
 Mechtild (død 1295/96)
 ∞ 1245 Henrik 2., Fyrste af Anhalt-Aschersleben (1215-efter 1266)
 Helene (ca. 1231–1273)
 ∞ 1239/40 Herman 2., Landgreve af Thüringen (1224–1241)
 ∞ 1247/48 Albrecht 1., Hertug af Sachsen-Wittenberg (1212–1261)
 Otto (død 1247)
 Elisabeth (død 1266)
 ∞ 1252 Vilhelm 2., Greve af Holland (1227–1256), Tysk-romersk konge (modkonge)
 Albrecht den Store (1236–1279), Hertug af Braunschweig-Lüneburg
 ∞ 1252 Elisabeth af Brabant (1243–1261), datter af Hertug Henrik 2. af Brabant
 ∞ 1266 Adelasia af Montferrat (1253–1285)
 Johan 1. (ca. 1242–1277), Hertug af Braunschweig-Lüneburg
 ∞ 1265 Liutgard af Holsten (død efter 1289)
 Otto 1. (død 1279), Biskop af Hildesheim
 Konrad 1. (død 1300), Biskop af Verden
 Adelheid (død 1274)
 ∞ 1263 Henrik Barnet (1244–1308), Landgreve af Hessen, søn af Hertug Henrik 2. af Brabant
 Agnes (død efter 1302)
 ∞ 1263 Vitslav 2. (død 1302), Fyrste af Rügen

Noter

Eksterne links

 Otto das Kind på hjemmesiden Die Welfen

Hertuger af Braunschweig-Lüneburg
Huset Welf
Fyrster fra middelalderen
Personer i 1200-tallet

Otto Barnet af Braunschweig-Lüneburg


خط تشوأو السريع  هو أحد خطوط قطارات الركاب التابعة لشركة شرق اليابان للسكك الحديدية، وهو يمثل الجزء الشرقي من خط تشوأو الرئيسي.

مراجع

خط تشوأو الرئيسي
خطوط سكك حديدية افتتحت في سنة 1932
خطوط سكة حديد في اليابان

خط تشوأو السريع


La Taifa de Arjona fue uno de los terceros reinos de taifas de al-Ándalus, existente desde 1232 hasta 1244, en que su territorio se incorporó a los dominios de la corona de Castilla.

En 1232 el arjonero Alhamar se rebeló contra la taifa de Murcia y se proclamó sultán de Arjona el 16 de julio. Tras una efímera existencia, en 1244 el rey Fernando III de Castilla conquistó Arjona y en 1246 cercó y rindió Jaén, capital del futuro reino de Jaén.

Véase también
 Ducado de Arjona
 Pacto de Jaén

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Tolan, John (2013). Europe and the Islamic World: A History. Princeton: Princeton University press.

Arjona
Antiguos estados y territorios de Andalucía
Historia de la provincia de Jaén
Arjona

Taifa de Arjona


Verónica Maria Gómez Carabali (* 30. August 1985; † 13. April 2012) war eine venezolanische Volleyballspielerin.

Gómez Carabali begann ihre Karriere im Alter von 14 Jahren, als sie Venezuela bei der U20-Weltmeisterschaft in Kanada vertrat. 2002 nahm sie mit der A-Nationalmannschaft an den Zentralamerika- und Karibikspielen in El Salvador teil; dabei erreichte die Mannschaft die Silbermedaille. In den folgenden Jahren konnte Gómez Carabali weitere Erfolge auf internationaler Ebene feiern, unter anderem die Teilnahme an der U20-Weltmeisterschaft und den Panamerikanischen Spielen, jeweils 2003 in der Dominikanischen Republik, am Olympischen Qualifikationsturnier 2004 in der Heimat, den Bolivarian Games 2004 (Goldmedaille) sowie den Zentralamerika- und Karibikspielen 2006 in Kolumbien (Bronzemedaille).

Auf Vereinsebene war Gómez Carabali bei Datovoc Tongeren (Belgien), dem Club Deportivo Ávila Vóley (Spanien), dem VBC Köniz (Schweiz), CSU Metal Galați (Rumänien) und VK Uralotschka-NTMK (Russland) aktiv. Im Sommer 2011 wechselte sie zum aserbaidschanischen Verein Lokomotiv Baku; im April 2012 befand sich Gómez Carabali nach einer Achillessehnenoperation im Heimaturlaub, als sie an Herzstillstand starb.

Weblinks

Volleyballnationalspieler (Venezuela)
Venezolaner
Geboren 1985
Gestorben 2012
Frau
Teilnehmer an den Zentralamerika- und Karibikspielen

Verónica Gómez


La baie de Tennyson, en anglais , est une ria des Marlborough Sounds, en Nouvelle-Zélande. Elle constitue est un bras de mer annexe de la baie de Pelorus, principale vallée immergée de la région.

Topographie et toponymie
La baie de Tennyson est un bras de mer connexe de celle de Pelorus, à laquelle elle est liée par le Tāwhitinui Reach. Tournée vers le nord, elle mesure une douzaine de kilomètres de longueur.

La baie a été nommée en hommage à Alfred Tennyson.

Hydrologie

Faune et flore
La forêt est constituée en majorité d'essences locales, hêtre nothofagus et podocarpes.

Les pentes littorales et forestières de la baie de Tennyson sont peuplées notamment de grands mammifères tels que cervidés, caprinae et suidae.

Histoire et activités humaines
La première exploration de la baie de Tennyson par des Européens date de 1838, et est effectuée par le lieutenant Chetwode à bord du HMS Pelorus. Pendant quelques années, Alexander Duncan exploite le bois, cette activité générant 80 emplois à son maximum. Mais les fortes pentes locales et l'isolement du site, qualifié de   font rapidement  préférer une autre implantation.

À partir des années 1950, la famille Archer développe le fond de la baie dans un but d'accueil touristique, avec l'équipement de 80 parcelles de résidences ainsi que la construction d'une route d'accès, qui n'est terminée que le . Cette route, qui débouche sur la vallée de l'Opouri à cent mètres d'altitude environ, doit franchir le col d'Opouri Saddle à 520 mètres avant de redescendre au niveau de la mer. À ses débuts, la route est payante pour compenser le coût de construction.

La population est extrêmement réduite, avec seulement dix-huit résidents permanents en 2019. En revanche, la zone comprend un certain nombre de résidences secondaires situées plus particulièrement dans les baies de Duncan, Penzance et Tuna. L'électricité n'arrive dans la zone qu'en 1973. En juin 2020, l'accès à Internet à haut débit n'est pas possible pour les résidents de Tennyson Inlet, qui réclament des solutions techniques au gouvernement.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Bras de mer des Marlborough Sounds

Baie de Tennyson


An Cortaderia jubata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Lem., ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Otto Stapf. An Cortaderia jubata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cortaderia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cortaderia

Cortaderia jubata


Hanguana anthelminthica, biljna vrsta iz porodice Hanguanaceae raširena po jugoistočnoj Aziji i dijelovima Australije.

H. anthelminthica je stoloniferni helofit koji je često brkan s vrstom H. malayana. Prvi opisani primjerak bio je s otoka Jave.

Sinonimi
 Hanguana aquatica Kaneh.
 Susum anthelminthicum Blume ex Schult. & Schult.f.

Izvori

Komelinolike
Flora Bornea
Flora Karolinskog otočja
Flora Jave
Flora Malaje
Flora Mjanmara
Flora Nove Gvineje
Flora Sjevernog teritorija
Flora Filipina
Flora Queenslanda
Flora Šri Lanke
Flora Sulawesa
Flora Sumatre
Flora Tajlanda
Flora Vijetnama

Hanguana anthelminthica


ماساتاكه تيراأوتشي  (5 نوفمبر 1852 - 3 نوفمبر 1919) كان مشيرًا في الجيش الإمبراطوري الياباني كما شغل منصب رئيس الوزراء الياباني في الفترة بين 9 أكتوبر 1916 إلى 29 سبتمبر 1918.

مراجع

أشخاص في حرب بوشين
أشخاص في فترة مييجي
أشخاص من ياماغوتشي
جنرالات يابانيون
حاصلون على وسام القديس ستانيسلاوس من الدرجة الأولى
حاصلون على وسام تنين في انام
حاصلون على وسام جوقة الشرف من رتبة قائد
حاصلون على وسام رايزينغ صن
حكام عموم كوريا
رؤساء وزراء اليابان
رؤساء وزراء اليابان القرن 20
ساموراي
كازوكو
مواليد 1852
وزراء جيش اليابان الإمبراطوري
وزراء حكومة اليابان
وزراء خارجية اليابان
وزراء مالية يابانيون
وفيات 1919
وفيات في طوكيو
يابانيون في الحرب الروسية اليابانية
يابانيون في الحرب العالمية الأولى
يابانيون مبتورو الأطراف

ماساتاكه تيراأوتشي


الرئيس الاسبق والأول لدولة الجابون (1961-1967) ولد عام 9 فبراير1902و توفي وهو في الحكم في 27 نوفمبر 1967. كمانه أول رئيس وزراء للبلد (1959-1961).ينتمي ليون إلى عرقية الفانغ ولد لعائلة متميزة نسبيا في الريف

بداية حياته

بعد انهاء دراسته شغل عدد من الوظائف الصغيرة قبل أن يدخل في سلك الإدارة الاستعمارية كعامل جمارك.خلال تلك الفترة كان يكتب لصحيفة «صدى الجابون» وبسبب نشاطاته الساسية التي ادت إلى قلق الإدارة الاستعمارية منه. أدى إلى ادانته بالسجن في بعض القضايا البسيطة التي كانت عادة تعاقب بالغرامة.و في عام 1924 اعطته الإدارة الفرنسية فرصة أخرى واختارته كرئيس لاحدى المقاطعات.و بسبب اتهامة بالتواطؤ في مقتل سيدة بالقرب من ليبرفيل حكم عليه بالسجن لمدة 3 سنوات والابعاد في المنفى لمدة 10 أخرى.

قي المنفى
نفى ليون إلى اوبانغي شاري - ماعرف لاحقا بأفريقيا الوسطى-. أثناء وجودة في المنفى عمل على إصدار كتاب يدون فيه القوانين العرفية والقبلية لاثنية الفانغ.و ظل شخصا غير مرغوب فيه بالنسبة إلى الجابون حتى عام 1946 حين سمحت الإدارة الفرنسية بعودته.

في الغابون
عاد إلى بلاده في عام 1946 وعمل في شركة تجارية بريطانية واسس الحركة المختلطة الغابونية المرتبطة بالتجمع الديمقراطي الأفريقي المنادي بالحكم الذاتي على نطاق أفريقيا الفرنسية كلها.و أصبح عضوا في قيادة التجمع ومسؤلا فيه عن الصحافة.و في عام 1952 دخل المجلس الإقليمي الغابوني اثر النتخابات المحلية وحول حركته إلى التكتل الديمقراطي الغابوني ثم نجح في انتخابات 1956 ليصبح عمدة ليبرفيل.و في العام التالي انتصر حزبه على منافسيه وأصبح نائب رئيس المجلس التنفيذي الذي يرأسه الحاكم الفرنسي وفي عام 1958 أصبح رئيس المجلس التنفيذي فرئيسا للوزراء وبعد اعلان استقلال الغابون عام 1960 وصل إلى منصب الرئاسة.

الرئاسة
ارتقى ليون إلى رئاسة البلاد بعد الاستقلال ولكنه جوبه بمعارضة شديدة نتيجة سياساته الموالية لفرنسا. دفع ذلك ليون إلى فرض حالة الطوارئ ولكنه تجاوز تلك المرحلة سريعا واستطاع الفوز بانتخابات عام 1961 بنصر كاسح وفي عام 1964 عاد ليواجه صعوبات مرة أخرى عندما تدخل الجيش مجبرا ايه على الاستقالة فارضا السياسي جان هيلير كرئيس لعدة أيام ولكنه استطاع استعادة السيطرة بفضل التدخل الفرنسي لصالحه. اعيد انتخابه رئيسا لبلاد في عام 1967 ولكنه توفي في نوفمبر من نفس العام متاثرا بمرض السرطان وخلفة في الرئاسة نائبه عمر بونجو

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص توفوا أثناء شغلهم لمنصب
أشخاص من إفريقيا الاستوائية الفرنسية
أشخاص من ليبرفيل
رومان كاثوليك غابونيون
رؤساء الغابون
رؤساء وزراء الغابون
سياسيو الحزب الديمقراطي الغابوني
سياسيون توفوا أثناء شغلهم لمنصب
قادة عزلوا من السلطة عن طريق انقلاب
مواليد 1902
مواليد في ليبرفيل
وفيات 1967
وفيات السرطان في فرنسا
وفيات في ليبرفيل

ليون إمبا


أمريتا راو (باللغة الكونكانية:ಅಮೃತಾ ರಾವ್)  (من مواليد 17 يونيو 1981 -) هي عارضة أزياء هندية وممثلة في بوليوود. وهي الأخت الكبرى للممثلة الصاعدة بريتيكا راو بطلة مسلسل بلا نهاية.

بداية حياتها المهنية كعارضة أزياء، ظهرت راو لأول مرة كممثلة مع آب كه باراس  (2002)، حيث حصلت على جائزة أفضل وجه جديد. وحصلت على أول ترشيح فيلمفلير في فئة أفضل ظهور نسائي لأول مرة. كما أنها عملت في أفلام مثل مين هون نا (2004)، و فيفاه (2006)، وحققت أكبر نجاح تجاري حتى الآن.

 حياتها الشخصية

ولدت أمريتا في مومباي والدها هو ديباك راو. تنتمي إلى أسرة برهمينية بولاية كارناتاكا. وهي تتحدث الإنجليزية، الماراثى، الهندية ولغتها الأم، الكونكانية.

 حياتها المهنية
 عرض الأزياء

التحقت راو بثانوية «سى جى» في مومباي، وجامعة «صوفيا» في وقت لاحق لمتابعة شهادة في علم النفس. أثناء دراستها هناك، أدت اختبار للإعلان عن كريم وجه فيرايفر. ظهورها في إعلان شاوت كاروا كادبوري بيرك وبن برو ساعدها في الحصول على العروض من المخرجين في أفلام بوليوود. ولأنها تريد ان تكمل دراستها رفضت هذه العروض. بعد حصولها على شهادة في علم النفس، بدأت مهنتها باعتبارها ممثلة، والعمل في الأفلام.

 التمثيل

و ظهرت كممثلة لأول مرة في آب كه باراس  (2002)، وبعد ذلك فيلمها في 2003 إشك فيشاك . وفي (2004) لعبت دور البطولة في فيلم ماستي رفقة جينيليا ديسوزا وتارا شارما، وفي نفس السنة مثلت في فيلم مين هون نا، أيضا أطلقت ديور (2004)Vaah!  في الحياة هو أن آيسي  (2005)، شيكار (2005)، وبعدها بيار موهان (2006). انها نجمة في سوراج ار بارجاتيا فيفا  (2006) مع شهيد كابور. أدائها جعلها تحصل علي جائزة دادساحيب فالك.

في عام 2006، لعبت راو أول ادوارها في توليوود مع فيلم التيلجو اثادى مع ماهيش بابو. أعمال أمريتا في عام 2008 تشمل اسمي أنطوني غونسالفيس ومرحبا بكم في ساجانبور. اما أعمال أمريتا في عام 2009 هي النصر، و شورتكوت  الجوائز والترشيحات
 جوائز فيلموير

الترشيح
 2004 : جائزة فيلموير أفضل انثى في الظهور لأول مرة اشك فيشاك 2005 : جائزة فيلموير لأفضل ممثلة مساعدة في Main Hoon Na جوائز نجمة الشاشة

الترشيح
 2003 : جائزة نجمة الشاشة لافضل وجه جديد-- لانثى عن آب كه باراس 2004 : جائزة نجمة الشاشة لافضل وجه جديد -- لانثى عن اشك فيشاك 2007 : جائزة نجمة الشاشة لأفضل ممثلة عن فيفاه 2007 : جائزة جودي نجمة الشاشة رقم 1 مع شهيد كابور -- فيفاه جوائز زى سين

الترشيح
 2004 : جائزة زى سين لافضل ظهور لانثى لأول مرة عن اشك فيشاك جوائز الفيلم الهندي العالمى

 الفائز
 2004 : جائزة الفيلم الهندى العالمي لأفضل ظهور لانثى لأول مرة  عن اشك فيشاك جوائز ستاردست

 الفائز
 2004 : ستاردست نجمة الغد اللامعة -- لانثى عن اشك فيشاك 2009 : جائزة ستاردست لأفضل ممثلة عن مرحبا بكم في ساجانبور الجوائز الأخرى

 2004 : جوائز سانسوى أفضل الظهور لأول مرة—لانثى عن اشك فيشاك 2007 : جائزة GR8 المرأة الشباب الناجح
 2007 : جوائز اناندالوك بروشكار المواهب الجديدة الواعدة عن فيفاه 2007 : جوائز العالم الرياضي جودي للسنة مع شاهيد كابور عن فيفاه 2007 : جائزة دادساحيب فالك عن فيفاه''

قائمة أفلامها

المراجع

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
عارضات أزياء من مومباي
عارضات أزياء هنديات
ممثلات أفلام هنديات
ممثلات أفلام هندية
ممثلات من مومباي
ممثلات هنديات في القرن 21
ممثلون تيلوجو
مواليد 1981
مواليد في مومباي
هندوس هنود

أمريتا راو


La halle Brauhauban de Tarbes est un bâtiment public, à vocation de marchés couverts situé dans la commune de Tarbes,  département français des Hautes-Pyrénées.

Historique

C'est en 1880 que le Conseil Municipal de Tarbes décide de faire construire un marché ouvert situé dans le parc Buron près de la rue des Grands Fossés qui portera le nom d'Antoine Jean Brauhauban (ancien maire de Tarbes ) en reconnaissance des legs faits à la ville.
Les travaux effectués sur une surface de  m² s'élevèrent à  et furent achevés en .

A la fin des années 1960, pour faire face à l'expansion générale de la ville et à l'accroissement de la circulation et du stationnement, la municipalité envisage l'étude du projet de construction d'un marché-halle-parking sur l'emplacement de la halle Brauhauban.
Après démolition de l'édifice existant, le nouveau bâtiment est mis en fonction en 1972, composé des étals permanents des commerçants et artisans, le carreau pour maraîchers proposant leur production deux fois par semaine et d'un parking avec quatre étages accessibles aux véhicules.

Lors du conseil municipal du , un projet de rénovation et de restructuration de la Halle Brauhauban est présenté pour une nécessité de remise aux normes françaises et européennes en termes d'hygiène et de sécurité. Tout en conservant la structure du bâtiment et sa vocation de pôle commercial alimentaire de proximité selon les veux d'Antoine Jean Brauhauban.
Les travaux de rénovation et de restructuration de la Halle débutèrent en . Deux ans plus tard, la nouvelle Halle Brauhauban est inaugurée le  et aura nécessité un investissement de près de .

Localisation
La halle est située à Tarbes dans le quartier du centre-ville (canton de Tarbes 2), département des Hautes-Pyrénées en région Occitanie, entre la rue Larrey au sud et la place du marché Brauhauban au nord.

Caractéristiques
C'est une halle massive et compacte dont la surface couverte est de 5300 m².

Elle est composée en rez-de-chaussée d'une superette, des étals permanents des commerçants et artisans et un garage ouvert par l'extérieur.

Un parking, accessible aux véhicules en partie sud, sur quatre niveaux le dernier étant en terrasse. Au nord on trouve une grande dalle qui sert de terrasse aux divers cafetiers et en partie est de la halle un auvent métallique protège le carreau pour maraîchers et marchands.

Galerie d'images

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Tarbes
 Halle Marcadieu
 Rue Brauhauban

Liens externes
 Ville de Tarbes

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Tarbes Brauhauban
Halle Brauhauban
Monument dans les Hautes-Pyrénées

Halle Brauhauban de Tarbes


Alchemy: Dire Straits Live is a double album and the first live album by the British rock band Dire Straits, released in March 1984 by Vertigo Records internationally, and by Warner Bros. Records in the United States. Recorded at the Hammersmith Odeon in London on 22–23 July 1983, the album features songs from the band's first four albums, the ExtendedancEPlay EP and Mark Knopfler's Local Hero soundtrack. Many of the songs have reworked arrangements and extended improvisational segments. The album cover is taken from a painting by Brett Whiteley.

Alchemy: Dire Straits Live was remastered and reissued with the rest of the Dire Straits catalogue in 1996 for most of the world outside the United States and was remastered and re-released in the USA on 8 May 2001.

Recording
Alchemy: Dire Straits Live was recorded live at the Hammersmith Odeon in London on 22–23 July 1983, the final two concerts of Dire Straits' eight-month Love Over Gold Tour promoting their album Love Over Gold. The concerts were recorded by Mick McKenna using the Rolling Stones Mobile unit. The recording was mixed at AIR Studios in London in November 1983 where Nigel Walker was the engineer.

The opening track, "Once Upon a Time in the West" is preceded by an uncredited version of the "Stargazer" instrumental from the Local Hero soundtrack. "Tunnel of Love" is preceded by an otherwise unrecorded instrumental (actually faded in from the extended coda of "Portobello Belle", which was left off the album), already played on the 1981 tour, but here re-arranged to showcase Mel Collins' saxophone. It is followed by the brief "Carousel Waltz" intro and standard version of the song (with improvisation sections).

Cover artwork
The album cover artwork was adapted from a section of a painting by Brett Whiteley titled Alchemy 1974. Alchemy is a hypothetical process once believed to turn ordinary elements into gold. The image of a guitar with lips held by a hand was added for the album design and covers sexually suggestive imagery in the original. The original painting, done between 1972 and 1973, was composed of many different elements and on 18 wood panels 203 cm x 1615 cm x 9 cm. In terms of media it used everything from feathers and part of a bird's nest to a glass eye, shell, plugs and brain in a work that becomes a transmutation of sexual organic landscapes and mindscapes. It has been regarded as a self-portrait, a giant outpouring of energy and ideas brought forth over a long period of time.

Critical reception
Reviewing retrospectively for AllMusic, critic William Ruhlmann wrote of the album "There is an interesting contrast .... between the music, much of which is slow and moody, with Mark Knopfler's muttered vocals and large helpings of his fingerpicking on what sounds like an amplified Spanish guitar, and the audience response. The arena-size crowd cheers wildly, and claps and sings along when given half a chance, as though each song were an up-tempo rocker." Ruhlmann concludes, "The CD version of the album contains one extra track, "Love Over Gold," which adds a needed change of pace to the otherwise slow-moving first disc."

Track listing
All songs were written by Mark Knopfler, except where indicated.

LP
Side one

Side two

Side three

Side four

CD
"Love over Gold", which had been released as a separate single in 1984, was added into the track list for the CD release, and the fade outs between sides 1 and 2 and sides 3 and 4 have been removed. A number of tracks had their length increased for the CD releases, and the track order is slightly different: "Romeo and Juliet" and "Expresso Love" are in reversed order.

Disc one

Disc two

Outtakes
Three more songs were recorded live but not included on the official album release: "Industrial Disease," "Twisting by the Pool" and "Portobello Belle".

An edited version of "Portobello Belle" (length: 4:33) and a remixed version of "Telegraph Road" were included on the CD version of the compilation Money for Nothing, released in 1988 (Money for Nothing was re-mastered in 1996 as part of the "Dire Straits Re-Mastered" series. The album was then deleted to make way for the Sultans of Swing - The Best of Dire Straits CD released shortly after).

Personnel
Dire Straits
 Mark Knopfler – guitar, vocals
 Alan Clark – keyboards
 John Illsley – bass guitar, backing vocals
 Hal Lindes – guitar, backing vocals
 Terry Williams – drums

Additional musicians
 Mel Collins – saxophone
 Tommy Mandel – keyboards
 Joop de Korte – percussion

Production
 Mark Knopfler – producer
 Mick McKenna – recording engineer
 Nigel Walker – engineer
 Jeremy Allom – assistant engineer
 Brett Whiteley – artwork (adapted from Alchemy 1974)
 C More Tone Studios – design

Video release

The concert film was originally released in Beta, VHS video cassette and Laserdisc formats, and digitally remastered in 1995. 2010 saw new DVD and Blu-ray Disc releases of the concert with surround sound mixes prepared by Chuck Ainlay and the original video footage digitally enhanced and cleaned by Dick Carruthers. The song "Love over Gold" is not included in the video, just like the original album, but is available on the compilation Sultans of Swing: The Very Best of Dire Straits. It includes a mix of the live band footage with circus spectacle scenes. The 2010 Blu-ray release also included the BBC Arena documentary about Dire Straits aired in 1980.

The Alchemy video opens with scenes of the band in a pub playing pool, interspersed with concert clips. Playing over this is the song Saturday Night at the Movies performed by The Drifters. The music changes to the instrumental "Stargazer", from the film Local Hero, over external shots of a sold-out Hammersmith Odeon. The scene switches to the inside of the venue as Dire Straits are announced and walk onstage for the concert. The closing credits again use the Drifters' "Saturday Night at the Movies".

 A Limelight Films Production
 Director – Peter Sinclair
 Film Editor – Peter Goddard
 Soundtrack produced by Mark Knopfler
 Recorded by Mick McKenna, Rolling Stones Mobile

Charts

Album

Video

Certifications

Album

Video

References

External links
 Alchemy at Mark Knopfler official website
 Alchemy Live (TV, 1984) at IMDb

Dire Straits live albums
1984 live albums
Albums produced by Mark Knopfler
1984 video albums
Live video albums
PolyGram video albums
Vertigo Records live albums
Warner Records live albums
Warner Records video albums
Albums recorded at the Hammersmith Apollo

Alchemy: Dire Straits Live


Dans la mythologie grecque, Harpalycé est la fille de Clyménos  l'Arcadien (fils de Schoénée), roi  de Mynias et d'Epicasté.

Mythe
Son père, Clyménos, ne résiste pas à la passion incestueuse qu'il nourrit pour elle et il la reprend à Alastor, son mari. Ils ont un enfant, qui est à la fois le fils d'Harpalycé et son demi-frère agnatique. Clyménos, lui, est à la fois le père et le grand-père de l'enfant.

Harpalycé tue ce fils et le donne à manger à Clyménos.

Punie par les dieux, Harpalycé est métamorphosée en Chalcis, un oiseau charognard, semblable à un petit vautour. Dans d'autres versions, elle se suicide ou encore est tuée par Clyménos, qui se suicide.

Le mythe d'Harpalycé figure dans l'œuvre  du poète grec Euphorion.

Iconographie
Le mythe d'Harpalycé est représenté à Versailles, dans l'appartement de la reine. Ainsi, les voussures de l'antichambre du Grand Couvert, peintes par Antoine Paillet et Claude-François Vignon, montrent entre autres figures féminines Harpalycé jurant de venger son père assassiné.

Références

Bibliographie
 Robert Graves, Les Mythes Grecs, traduit de l'anglais par Mounir Hafez, éditions Fayard, .

Mythologie grecque d'Argolide
Princesse de la mythologie grecque
Mythologie grecque d'Arcadie

Harpalycé (fille de Clyménos)


(; plural ) is a traditional Welsh and Cornish short poem form. It uses quantitative metres, involving the counting of syllables, and rigid patterns of rhyme and half rhyme. Each line contains a repeating pattern of consonants and accent known as .

Early history

The  is found in the work of the earliest attested Welsh poets (the ), where the main types are the three-line  and . It is the only set stanzaic metre found in the early Welsh poetic corpus, and explanations for its origins have tended to focus on stanzaic Latin poetry and hymns; however, it is as likely to be a development within the Brittonic poetic tradition. Whereas the metrical rules of later  are clear (and are based on counting syllables), the precise metre of the early  is debated and could have involved stress-counting. The earliest  are found as marginalia written in a tenth-century hand in the Juvencus Manuscript. Many early  form poems which seem to represent moments of characters' emotional reflection in stories now lost: , , . Others survey heroic tradition, for example the  or Geraint son of Erbin, and others again are lyric, religious meditations and laments such as the famous  and .

Types of englynion

There are a number of types of . Details of their structures are as follows; not all of these, however, are included in the Traditional Welsh poetic metres.

Englyn penfyr

Also known as the short-ended . It consists of a stanza of three lines. The first line has ten syllables (in two groups of five), the second has five to six; and the third has seven. The seventh, eighth or ninth syllable of the first line introduces the rhyme and this is repeated on the last syllable of the other two lines. The fourth syllable of the second line may echo the final syllable of the first through either rhyme or consonance.

Englyn unodl union
The straight one-rhymed , identical to  except that it addes a fourth, rhyming, seven-syllable line at the end. Thus it consists of four lines of ten, six, seven and seven syllables. The seventh, eighth or ninth syllable of the first line introduces the rhyme and this is repeated on the last syllable of the other three lines. The part of the first line after the rhyme alliterates with the first part of the second line.

This is an  by Alan Llwyd:

Englyn milwr

The soldier's . This consists of three seven-syllable lines. All three lines rhyme.

Englyn gwastad
The even , more common in the Middle Ages than later. This consists of four seven-syllable lines. All four lines rhyme. One example (showing the half-rhyme of -edd with -er) is:

Englyn byr crwca
The short crooked . This is like , but orders the lines differently: seven syllables in the first, ten syllables (in two groups of five) in the second, and five to six syllables in the third. In the following example, the second line does not participate in the rhyme:

Englyn unodl crwca

The crooked one-rhyme . This  is like , except that it adds an extra seven-syllable line at the beginning. This is made up of four lines of seven, seven, ten and six syllables. The last syllables of the first, second and last lines and the seventh, eighth or ninth syllable of the third line all rhyme.

Englyn cyrch

The seeking . This form has four lines of seven syllables each. The final syllables of the first, second, and last line rhyme. The final syllable of the third line rhymes with the second, third or fourth syllable of the last line:

Englyn proest dalgron

In this , there are four seven-syllable lines that half-rhyme with each other (half-rhyme means that the final consonants agree).

Englyn lleddfbroest

This is identical to the  except that the half rhymes must use the , , , and  diphthongs.

Englyn proest cadwynog

The chain half-rhyme . In this version there are four lines of seven syllables. The first and third lines rhyme and the second and fourth half rhyme on the same vowel sound as the full rhyme syllables.

Englyn proest cyfnewidiog

The reciprocal half-rhyme . This has four lines of seven syllables. All four lines half-rhyme, and there is additional cynghanedd.

Englyn toddaid
This is a hybrid between an  and a . The first two lines are as for an , and there follow two more lines of ten syllables each.

Englyn cil-dwrn
After the first two lines there is just one more line of three syllables or fewer, which follows the rhyme of the first two lines.

Other forms

The novelist Robertson Davies once said that  were an old enthusiasm of his. He said that the form was derived by the Welsh from the inscriptions on Roman tombs in Wales. According to him,  must have four lines, the first one having ten syllables, then six, then the last two having seven syllables each. In the first line there must be a break after the seventh, eighth, or ninth syllable, and the rhyme with the second line comes at this break; but the tenth syllable of the first line must either rhyme or be in assonance with the middle of the second line. The last two lines must rhyme with the first rhyme in the first line, but the third or fourth line must rhyme on a weak syllable.

Examples

Here are two  by the twelfth-century Welsh poet Cynddelw Brydydd Mawr:

The poet Robert Graves wrote an englyn in English, included in the Juvinalia (1910 - 1914) of his Complete Poems

Here is an English-language  by novelist Robertson Davies.

Grace in the form of an  (with  shown) in a poem by W. D. Williams:

Breton
Breton poet Padrig an habask also writes Breton englynion: in 2020 he has published a collection of them called Lampreiz. (http://brezhoneg.org/en/node/11057)

See also

 Englynion y Beddau
 Englynion y Clywaid
 Cerdd dafod

References

Cornish literature
Stanzaic form
Welsh poetry

Englyn


Ion C. Marinescu () a fost un om politic român, care a îndeplinit funcțiile de ministru al economiei naționale (26 mai 1941 - 14 august 1942) și ministru al justiției (14 august 1942 - 23 august 1944) în guvernul Ion Antonescu (3).

Decorații
  Ordinul "Coroana României" în gradul de Mare Cruce (7 noiembrie 1941)

Note

Nașteri în 1886
Decese în secolul al XX-lea
Politicieni români
Decorați cu Ordinul Coroana României
Miniștri români

Ion C. Marinescu


An Bambusa remotiflora in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Ernst Otto Kuntze, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Liang Chi Chia och Hok Lam Fung. An Bambusa remotiflora in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bambusa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bambusa

Bambusa remotiflora


Gelin-güvey oyunu, Anadolu'da ve genellikle Türkmenler arasında yaygın olan bir çocuk oyunu.

Bu oyun, 6–10 yaşları arasındaki kız ve erkek çocukların oynadığı bir oyundur. Oyunda çocuklar, kendi çevrelerinde gördükleri ve yaşadıkları olayları canlandırmaya çalışırlar. Birkaç çocuk bir arada toplanır. Sokakta bulunan taş ve kerpiçleri toplayıp bir ev şekli çizerler. Daha sonra aralarında bulunan en güzel kız çocuğunu gelin, bir erkek çocuğunu da küreken (güvey) diye seçerler ve onları yan yana oturturlar. Gelinin yüzüne renkli tüller örtülür. Diğer çocuklar da gelin ve güveyin etrafına toplanırlar. Ezberledikleri çeşit çeşit mani ve türküleri söylerler. Ayrıca, birkaç çocuk küçük tencereler içinde toy (düğün) yemeklerini hazırlarlar. Oyun türküler söylenerek sürer. Geleneksel türkülerden özellikle "ellinde ayağında acem kınası, gidip gelin getirsin .. (güveyin ismi söylenir)..... nenesi" bu oyunda sıklıkla söylenir.

Kültürel oyunlar
Geleneksel oyunlar
Çocuk oyunları

Gelin Güvey Oyunu


An Rhynchospora sampaioana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Gross. An Rhynchospora sampaioana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhynchospora, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rhynchospora

Rhynchospora sampaioana


Festival zabavne glazbe Split 2017. održao se na ljeto 2017. godine.

Nagrade
 1. nagrada stručnog ocjenjivačkog suda: Mia Dimšić
 2. nagrada stručnog ocjenjivačkog suda: Lovre Lučin
 3. nagrada stručnog ocjenjivačkog suda: Tomislav Bralić i Klapa Intrade

 1. nagrada publike: Marko Škugor
 2. nagrada publike: Mjesni odbor
 3. nagrada publike: Krešimir Barićević

 nagrada najboljem debitantu: Domenica Žuvela
 nagrada za najbolji tekst: Nikša Sviličić
 nagrada za najbolju interpretaciju: Kristina Boban

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Službene stranice
Goran Pelaić: Od POŠK-a do Prokurativa

Glazbeni festivali u Splitu

Festival zabavne glazbe Split 2017.


The Greco-Turkish War of 1897 or the Ottoman-Greek War of 1897 ( or ), also called the Thirty Days' War and known in Greece as the Black '97 (, Mauro '97) or the Unfortunate War (), was a war fought between the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire. Its immediate cause involved the status of the Ottoman province of Crete, whose Greek-majority population had long desired union with Greece. Despite the Ottoman victory on the field, an autonomous Cretan State under Ottoman suzerainty was established the following year (as a result of the intervention of the Great Powers after the war), with Prince George of Greece and Denmark as its first High Commissioner.

The war put the military and political personnel of Greece to test in an official open war for the first time since the Greek War of Independence in 1821. For the Ottoman Empire, this was also the first war-effort to test a re-organized military system. The Ottoman army operated under the guidance of a German military mission led (1883–1895) by Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz, who had reorganized the Ottoman military after its defeat in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.

The conflict proved that Greece was wholly unprepared for war. Plans, fortifications and weapons were non-existent, the mass of the officer corps was unsuited to its tasks, and training was inadequate. As a result, the numerically superior, better-organized, -equipped and -led Ottoman forces, heavily composed of Albanian warriors with combat experience, pushed the Greek forces south out of Thessaly and threatened Athens,
only to cease fire when the Great Powers persuaded the Sultan to agree to an armistice. The war is notable in that it was the first to be filmed on camera, though the footage has since been lost.

Background

In 1878 the Ottoman Empire, according to the provisions of the Congress of Berlin, signed the Pact of Halepa which entailed the implementation of the organic law of 1868, promised but never implemented by the Ottoman government, which was to give Crete a status of wide-ranging autonomy. The Ottoman commissioners, however, repeatedly ignored the convention, causing three successive rebellions in 1885, 1888 and 1889. In 1894 Sultan Abdul Hamid II re-appointed Alexander Karatheodori Pasha as governor of Crete, but Karatheodori's zeal for the implementation of the agreement was met with fury by the Muslim population of the island and led to renewed clashes between the Greek and Muslim communities there in 1896.

To quell the unrest, Ottoman military reinforcements arrived while Greek volunteers landed on the island to support the Greek population. At the same time the fleets of the Great Powers patrolled the Cretan waters, leading to further escalation. Nevertheless, an agreement was reached with the Sultan and the tensions receded. In January 1897 inter-communal violence broke out as both sides tried to consolidate their grip on power. The Christian district of Chania was set on fire and many fled to the foreign fleet anchored outside the city. A struggle for independence and union with Greece was declared by Cretan revolutionaries.

Greek Prime Minister Theodoros Deligiannis was subjected to fierce criticism by his adversary Dimitrios Rallis over his alleged inability to handle the issue. Continuous demonstrations in Athens accused King George I and the government of betrayal of the Cretan cause. The National Society, a nationalistic, militaristic organisation that had infiltrated all levels of the army and bureaucracy, pushed for immediate confrontation with the Ottomans.

Prelude to war

On 6 February 1897 (according to the modern Gregorian calendar; it was 25 January 1897 according to the Julian calendar then in use in Greece and the Ottoman Empire, which was 12 days behind the Gregorian during the 19th century) the first troopships, accompanied by the battleship Hydra, sailed for Crete. Before they arrived, a small Greek Navy squadron under the command of Prince George of Greece and Denmark appeared off Crete on 12 February (31 January Julian) with orders to support the Cretan insurgents and harass Ottoman shipping. Six Great Powers (Austria-Hungary, France, the German Empire, the Kingdom of Italy, the Russian Empire, and the United Kingdom) had already deployed warships to Cretan waters to form a naval "International Squadron" to intervene and to maintain peace on Crete, and they warned Prince George not to engage in hostilities; Prince George's returned to Greece the next day. However, the troopships disembarked two battalions of the Greek Army under Colonel Timoleon Vassos at Platanias, west of Chania, on 14 February (2 February on the Julian calendar). Despite the guarantees given by the Great Powers on Ottoman sovereignty over the island, Vassos upon his arrival unilaterally proclaimed its union with Greece. The Powers reacted by demanding that Deligiannis immediately withdraw Greek forces from the island in exchange for a statute of autonomy.

The demand was rejected, and so on 19 February (7 February Julian) the first full-scale battle between Greeks and Ottomans occurred, when the Greek expeditionary force in Crete defeated a 4,000-strong Ottoman force at the Battle of Livadeia. Ordered to keep away from Crete's capital Canea (now Chania), Vassos accomplished little thereafter on Crete, but Cretan insurgents attacked Ottoman forces during February and March 1897. The warships of the International Squadron bombarded the insurgents to break up their attacks and put an international force of sailors and marines ashore to occupy Canea, and by the end of March major fighting on Crete came to an end, although the uprising continued.

Opposing forces

The Greek army was made of three divisions, with two of them taking positions in Thessaly and one in Arta, Epirus. Crown Prince Constantine was the only general in the army. He took command of the forces on 25 March. The Greek army in Thessaly consisted of 45,000 men, 500 cavalry, and 96 guns, while that of Epirus comprised 16,000 men and 40 guns.

The opposing Ottoman army consisted of eight infantry divisions largely made by Albanians and one cavalry division. On the Thessaly front, it consisted of 58,000 men, 1,300 cavalry, and 186 guns, while in Epirus it could field 26,000 men and 29 guns. Edhem Pasha had overall command of the Ottoman forces.

Apart from the obvious difference in numbers, the two sides had also significant differences in the quality of armaments and soldiers. The Ottoman army was already being equipped with its second generation of smokeless powder repeater rifles (Mauser Models 1890 and 1893), while the Greeks were equipped with the inferior single-shot Gras rifle. There was also the potential for a naval contest. In 1897 the Greek navy consisted of three small Hydra class battleships, one cruiser, the Miaoulis, and several older small ironclads and gunboats. The Greek ships bombarded Turkish fortifications and escorted troop transports, but there was no major naval battle during the war. The Ottoman fleet had seven battleships and ironclads at least as large as the Greek battleships, and although most of these were obsolete designs, the  had been rebuilt and modernized. The Ottoman navy also had several smaller ironclads, two unprotected cruisers and smaller ships including torpedo craft. The Ottoman fleet had not been maintained, perhaps due to the Sultan's fear of a strong navy becoming a power base for plots against the government, and in 1897 when called into action most of the ships were in poor condition and could not contest control of the sea beyond the Dardanelles.

War

On 24 March, about 2,600 irregulars crossed the Greek border into Ottoman Macedonia in order to provoke disarray behind enemy lines by rousing locals against Ottoman administration. As a result, on 6 April Edhem Pasha mobilised his forces. His plan was to surround Greek forces and by using river Pineios as a natural barrier to push them back to central Greece. Nevertheless, his rear forces were halted while the center of his formation gained ground, altering his initial plans. The Greek plan called for a wider open field combat, which ultimately would cost heavy casualties against an already superior opponent.
There was no serious force left to prevent the Ottoman Army from entering the Greek capital, Athens. Halil Rifat Pasha, asked Abdul Hamid for permission to enter Athens. In agreement with the Great powers, the Russian Tsar, Nicholas II, telegraphed Abdul Hamid himself and demanded that the war be stopped. On 19 May, in accordance with the Sultan's will, the Ottoman army stopped its advance. On 20 May 1897, a ceasefire went into effect.

Thessalian front

Officially, war was declared on 18 April when the Ottoman ambassador in Athens, Asim Bey, met with the Greek foreign minister announcing the cutting of diplomatic ties. Heavy fighting occurred between 21 and 22 April outside the town of Tyrnavos but when the overwhelming Ottoman forces converged and pushed together, the Greek general staff ordered a general withdrawal, spreading panic among soldiers and civilians alike. Larissa fell on 27 April, while the Greek front was being reorganised behind the strategic lines of Velestino, in Farsala. Nevertheless, a division was ordered to head for Velestino, thus cutting Greek forces in two, 60 km apart. Between 27 and 30 April, under the command of Col. Konstantinos Smolenskis, Greek forces checked and halted the Ottoman advance.

On 5 May three Ottoman divisions attacked Farsala, forcing an orderly withdrawal of Greek forces to Domokos; on the eve of those events Smolenskis had withdrawn from newly recaptured Velestino to Almyros. Volos fell into Ottoman hands on 8 May.

At Domokos the Greeks assembled 40,000 men in a strong defensive position, joined by about 2,000 Italian "Redshirt" volunteers under the command of Ricciotti Garibaldi, son of Giuseppe Garibaldi. The Ottoman Empire had a total of about 70,000 troops, of whom about 45,000 were directly engaged in the battle.

On 16 May the attackers sent part of their army around the flank of the Greeks to cut off their line of retreat, but it failed to arrive in time. The next day, the rest of their army made a frontal assault. Both sides fought ferociously. The Ottomans were held at bay by the fire of the defending infantry until their left flank defeated the Greek right. The Ottoman formation broke through, forcing a renewed withdrawal. Smolenskis was ordered to stand his ground at the Thermopylae passage, but on 20 May a ceasefire went into effect.

Epirus front

On 18 April, Ottoman forces under Ahmed Hifzi Pasha attacked the bridge of Arta but were forced to withdraw and reorganise around Pente Pigadia. Five days later Col. Thrasyvoulos Manos captured Pente Pigadia, but the Greek advance was halted due to lack of reinforcements against an already numerically superior opposition. On 12 May Greek forces tried to cut off Preveza but were forced to retreat with heavy casualties.

Armistice
On 20 September a peace treaty was signed between the two sides. Greece was forced to cede minor border areas and pay heavy reparations. To pay the latter, the Greek economy came under the formal oversight of the International Financial Commission. For the Greek public opinion and the military, the forced armistice was a humiliation, highlighting the unpreparedness of the country to fulfill its national aspirations (Megali Idea).

Map gallery

Aftermath
Despite the end of the war, the uprising on Crete continued – although with no further organized combat – until November 1898, when the Great Powers evicted Ottoman forces from the island to make way for an autonomous Cretan State under the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire. Officially founded in December 1898 when Prince George of Greece and Denmark arrived on Crete to take up his duties as High Commissioner, the Cretan State survived until 1913, when Greece formally annexed the island.

In Greece, the public awareness of the country's unpreparedness for war in pursuit of its national aspirations laid the seeds for the Goudi coup of 1909, which called for immediate reforms in the Greek Army, economy, and society. When Eleftherios Venizelos came to power, as a leader of the Liberal party, he instigated reforms that transformed the Greek state, leading it to victory in the Balkan Wars fifteen years later.

See also
 International Squadron (Cretan intervention, 1897–1898)

References

Bibliography

  Revised edition:

 McTiernan, Mick, A Very Bad Place Indeed For a Soldier. The British involvement in the early stages of the European Intervention in Crete. 1897–1898, King's College, London, September 2014.
Pears, Sir Edwin.  "Forty Years in Constantinople" (1916)

External links

 Onwar.com on the First Greco-Turkish War

1897 in the Ottoman Empire
Conflicts in 1897
Wars involving Greece
Wars involving the Ottoman Empire
1897 in Greece
Greece–Ottoman Empire relations

Greco-Turkish War (1897)


الطريق المزدوج أو المقسم هو طريق غالبًا ما يكون سريع، وهو طريق ذو مُعَبّدَيْن منفصلين للاتجاهين، يحوي كل واحد منهما على خطين (أو حارتين أو مسارين) أو أكثر. وهو لا يرتقي، قانونيًا، لمستوى .

مراجع

انظر أيضًا

 .
 طريق زراعي

أنواع الطرق
طرق حرة

طريق مزدوج


ඇසළ මාසය යනු චන්ද්‍ර මාසයකි.  සිංහල  මාස ක්‍රමය අනුව පොසොන් මාසයට පසු එළඹෙන මාසයයි. ශ්‍රී දළදා මාලිගාව මගින් පැවැත්වෙන පෙරහැර මංගල්‍යය ඇසළ මාස‍යේ ආරම්භවේ.

චන්ද්‍ර මාස

ඇසළ (මාසය)


La Tierra del Vino es una comarca situada en el suroeste de la provincia de Valladolid.

Municipios
Alaejos
Bercero
Castrejón de Trabancos
Castronuño
Fresno el Viejo
La Seca
Matapozuelos
Matilla de los Caños
Nava del Rey
Pedrosa del Rey
Pollos
Pozaldez
Rueda
San Miguel del Pino
San Román de Hornija
Serrada
Siete Iglesias de Trabancos
Tordesillas
Torrecilla de la Abadesa
Torrecilla de la Orden
Villafranca de Duero
Villalar de los Comuneros

Véase también
 Provincia de Valladolid
 Denominación de Origen de Rueda
 Gastronomía de la provincia de Valladolid

Comarcas de la provincia de Valladolid

Tierra del Vino (Valladolid)


Agrilus analis é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Kerremans, 1896.

Referências

analis

Agrilus analis


The Backwater Gospel er en animationsfilm instrueret af Bo Mathorne efter manuskript af Michael Valeur.

Handling
Så længe nogen kan huske, har Bedemandens ankomst betydet Dødens komme. Indtil en dag hvor den dystre forudsigelse fejler og spændingen opbygges, mens de gudfrygtige landsbybeboere i Backwater venter.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2011

Animationsfilm fra Danmark

The Backwater Gospel