الفَصِيلَة الخَيْمِيَّة أو الصِّيوَانيَّة  هي فصيلة نباتية من أشهر نباتاتها: البقدونس والكزبرة والشبت والجزر والكمون واليانسون والكرفس والكراويا والقزع .

من أجناسها
 الخلة
 الدبيق
 الرُّؤَاسُ
 الزَّوْفَرَى
 الكاشريس

معرض صور

مراجع

فصائل النجمانية
فصائل نباتية

خيمية


داليا مصطفى (12 أبريل 1980 -)، ممثلة مصرية.

عن حياتها
عملت كفتاة إعلانات في بدايتها، ثم بدأت تاخذ الأدوار الصغيرة في الأعمال التلفزيونية وذلك بعام 1996 حتى 2000، حين أسند إليها دور في فيلم شورت وفانلة وكاب، وأثناء مشاركاتها الصغيرة في الأعمال الفنية كانت تدرس في «المعهد العالي للفنون المسرحية» إلى أن تخرجت منه بعد ذلك، وكانت بداية شهرتها في مسلسل أولاد الأكابر عام 2003 مع الفنان حسين فهمي.

حياتها الخاصة
تزوجت من الفنان شريف سلامة، وانجبا سلمى، وسليم، وعمتها هي الممثلة ناهد رشدي.

أعمالها

المسلسلات

الأفلام

 بنت مين في البلد:2010 - لم يعرض بعد
 طباخ الريس:2008- إنشراح
 علمنى الحب:2005- مديحة
 خلي الدماغ صاحي:2002- نعمة
 ليه خلتني أحبك:2000
 شورت وفانلة وكاب:2000- امينة
 كلام الليل:1999
 اضحك الصورة تطلع حلوة:1998- داليا خطيبة طارق
 هيام

سهرة تليفزيونية

 عش العصفور:2001
 أن تكون هنا:1999
 الحب نصيب ... الجواز قسمة:1995هاله
 قيد المواليد
 الوجه والقناع
 بيانو

أخرى

 فيلم قصير:كبير الحلم:2014
 رسوم متحركة:قصص النساء في القرآن:2013-السيدة مريم
 مسلسل إذاعي:قصة حبي:2010
 سيت كوم:دندوش بيأجر مفروش:2010- لم يعرض بعد
 سيت كوم:عبد الحميد أكاديمي:2005
 مسرحية:فى عز الظهر:2003
 مسرحية:دستور يا أسيادنا:1995
 مسلسل إذاعي:وغربت الشمس

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
مسلمون مصريون
ممثلات أفلام مصريات
ممثلات تلفزيون مصريات
ممثلات مسرح مصريات
ممثلات مصريات في القرن 20
ممثلات من القاهرة
مواليد 1396 هـ
مواليد 1400 هـ
مواليد 1410 هـ
مواليد 1976
مواليد 1980
ممثلات مصريات في القرن 21
داليا مصطفى

داليا مصطفى


Željko Slunjski (Varaždin, 11. prosinca 1952.) hrvatski novinar i publicist

Životopis
Rođen 1952. u Varaždinu. U novinarstvu se pojavljuje u 17. godini, surađujući u "Varaždinskim vijestima" ( u kojima i danas surađuje) i emisijama Radio Čakovca.U mladosti glumački sudjelovao u predstavama varaždinskog HNK. Diplomirao na Fakultetu političkih znanosti u Zagrebu. Uglavnom cijeli radni vijek proveo u SSSH, na poslovima informiranja/komuniciranja. Dva puta obnašao funkciju tajnika SSSH.Dobitnik nagrade Zveze svobodnih sindikatov Slovenije. Od 2016. u mirovini.

U novinarstvu se javlja kao gimnazijalac u "Varaždinskim vijestima" i "Međimurju". Bio višegodišnji suradnik u dnevnim i tjednim glasilima "Večernjeg lista" i "Vjesnika" te revijalnih izdanja negdašnje kuće Vjesnik (Arena, Vikend), te za Jutarnji list i Novi list. Niz godina stalni suradnik revije "Gloria",  magazina JET SET i tjednika "Zagorski list", uglavnom teme s područja kulture.  Za Treći program Hrvatskoga radija radio je autorske emisije "Portret umjetnika u drami" s vodećim imenima kazališne umjetnosti (Mato Ergović, Relja Bašić, Neva Rošić, Semka Sokolović Bertok, Smiljka Bencet, Marija Kohn, Helena Buljan, Tomislav Lipljin, Petar Šarčević), objavljeni u istoimenoj godišnjoj publikaciji HRT-a.  Surađivao u programima Radija Samobor, Zabok, Zlatar.Redovito objavljuje priloge u Hrvatskom kajkavskom kolendaru, godišnjaku Ogranka Matice hrvatske u Čakovcu. Bavi se publicistikom (Turistički vodič po Hrvatskome zagorju).Jedan je od autora tekstova u monografiji (urednik Ernest Fišer) izašloj povodom 50. obljetnice Varaždinskih baroknih večeri ( rujan, 2020.).Licencirani je turistički vodič za područje Krapinsko-zagorske županije. Više od 40 godina nastupa i kao voditelj javnih priredaba.Od prve godine voditelj je Krapinske božićne priče.O Danu Grada Krapine, 6. prosinca 2018., na svečanosti u Festivalskoj dvorani primio posebno Priznanje gradonačelnika Grada Krapine za promicanje Festivala kajkavskih popevki i Grada Krapine. Na svečanoj sjednici Gradskoga vijeća, 26. travnja 2019., u povodu Dana Grada, dodijeljeno mu je najviše javno priznanje - Plaketa Grada Zlatara "za dugogodišnji uspješan rad u novinarstvu i promociju Grada Zlatara". Od početka studenoga 2019. predsjednik Udruge umirovljenika Zlatar.U prosincu 2019. navršilo se 50 godina njegove novinarske prisutnosti u medijskom prostoru Hrvatske.

Životopisi, Varaždin
Hrvatski novinari
Hrvatski publicisti

Željko Slunjski


Tsubasa Yokotake (født 30. oktober 1989) er en japansk professionel fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Sanfrecce Hiroshima og Gainare Tottori.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Tsubasa Yokotake


ميخائيل ليونتيفتش ميل ، (22 نوفمبر/تشرين الثّاني 1909 - 31 يناير/كانون الثّاني 1970) كَانَ مؤسس مصنع مروحيات ميل موسكو المسؤولة عن تصنيع العديد من المروحيات الروسية المشهورة بشكل خاص مروحية ميل-24.

حياته

ولد ميخائيل في عائلة من الطبقة المتوسطة اليهودية، جدّه كان إقطاعياً صاغ واقتطع من ليبافا(Libava) (اليوم Liepaja) في دولة لاتفيا التي استقرّت في سيبيريا بعد 25 سنة من الخدمة العسكرية.

في عُمرِ 12 عاماً، ميخائيل حصل على الجائزة الأولى في منافسة تصميم أفضل منزلق نموذجي. في عام 1926 دخل المعهدَ التقني السايبيريَ في تومسك. وبما أنه لك يكن يوجد هناك تدريب لمهندسي الطيران، في عام 1928 حوّل إلى القسمِ الديناميكي الهوائيِ، في الكليّة الميكانيكية لمعهدِ دون بولي تيكنيكال في نوفوجيركاسك. تَزوّجَ من زميلته الطالبة معه، بي. جي . رودينكو، في عام 1932 رزق ب 4 بنات تلاهم ولد.

مهنته

مهنته الناجحة في تساجي بدأت في عام 1931. قاتلَ في الحربِ الوطنية العظيمة في عام 1941 قُرْب يلنيا، لكن في عام 1943، استدعى لمُوَاصَلَة البحث وتطويرِ الطيرانِ العسكريِ.
ربحت اختراعات ميخائيل ميل العديد من الجوائزِ المحلية والدولية ووضعت في المرتبة ال 69 عالمياً.

وصلات خارجية
 العمل الإبداعي مصنع مروحيات ميل موسكو

انظر أيضًا

مراجع

أشخاص من حكومة إيركوتسك
أبطال العمل الاشتراكي
أشخاص من إيركوتسك
حائزون على جائزة الدولة السوفيتية
حائزون على جائزة لينين
حائزون على وسام الراية الحمراء
حاصلون على وسام لينين
روس من أصل لاتفي
مروحيات ميل
مصممو طائرات
مهندسو طيران وفضاء جوي سوفيت
مهندسون في القرن 20
مواليد 1909
مواليد في إيركوتسك
وفيات 1970
وفيات في موسكو

ميخائيل ميل


Giulio Angioni (* 28. Oktober 1939 in Guasila, Sardinien; † 12. Januar 2017 in Cagliari) war ein italienischer Schriftsteller und Anthropologe.

Leben
Angioni war seit 1981 Ordinarius für Kulturanthropologie der Universität Cagliari und seit 1982 Direktor des Instituts für Sozialanthropologie derselben Universität. Ab 1992 war er Präsident der Brüsseler Société des Européanistes. Angioni war ein Mitarbeiter der Enzyklopädie des Märchens und der Fachzeitschrift Fabula.

Angioni wird mit Sergio Atzeni und Salvatore Mannuzzu als einer der Protagonisten zeitgenössischer sardischer Belletristik betrachtet (Neue sardische Literatur). Sein Werk baut auf Arbeiten von Grazia Deledda, Emilio Lussu, Giuseppe Dessì, Gavino Ledda und Salvatore Satta auf. Unter seinen Romanen gelten Le fiamme di Toledo (2006), Assandira (2004), Il sale sulla ferita (1990), La pelle intera (2007) und Doppio cielo (2010) als die besten.

Werke (Auswahl)

Belletristik
Angioni ist Autor von 20 belletristischen Büchern:

 L'oro di Fraus, Editori Riuniti 1988, Il Maestrale 1999, 2012
 Il sale sulla ferita, Marsilio 1990, Il Maestrale 2010, Finalist beim Premio Viareggio 1990
 Una ignota compagnia, Mailand: Feltrinelli 1992, Il Maestrale 2007, Finalist beim Premio Viareggio 1992
 La casa della palma, Avagliano 2000
 Millant'anni, Il Maestrale 2002
 Il mare intorno, Sellerio 2003
 Assandira, Sellerio 2004
 Alba dei giorni bui, Il Maestrale 2005, 2009, Premio Giuseppe Dessì 2005
 Le fiamme di Toledo, Sellerio 2006, Premio Corrado Alvaro 2006, Premio Mondello 2006
 La pelle intera, Il Maestrale 2007
 Afa, Sellerio 2008
 Tempus, CUEC 2008
 Gabbiani sul Carso, Sellerio 2010
 Doppio cielo, Il Maestrale 2010
 Sulla faccia della terra, Feltrinelli/Il Maestrale 2015

Essays
Angioni ist der Autor von zwölf anthropologischen Essaybänden:

 Tre saggi sull'antropologia dell'età coloniale, Flaccovio 1973
 Sa laurera: Il lavoro contadino in Sardegna, EdeS 1976 und Il Maestrale 2005
 Il sapere della mano: saggi di antroplogia del lavoro, Sellerio 1986
 L'architettura popolare in Italia: Sardegna (mit A. Sanna), Laterza 1988
 Sardinien – Eine Insel für jede Jahreszeit, Umschau 1994
 Pane e formaggio e altre cose di Sardegna, Zonza 2000
 Fare dire sentire. L'identico e il diverso nelle culture, Il Maestrale 2011
 Il dito alzato, Sellerio 2012
 Marianne Sin-Pfältzer. Menschliche Landschaften, Ilisso 2014
 Joseph Fuos, Nachrichten aus Sardinien, von der gegenwärtigen Verfassung dieser Insel, Leipzig, Siegfried Lebrecht Crusius, 1780, ital. Uebersetzung, Notizie dalla Sardegna: 1773–1976, Vorwort und Notizen von Giulio Angioni, Ilisso 2000, ISBN 88-87825-11-4.

Literatur
 Vinigi L. Grottanelli: Ethnology and/or cultural anthropology in Italy: traditions and development, in: Current Anthropology, XVIII (1977), S. 593–614.
 Giorgio R. Cardona: L'anthropologie italienne, in: Pierre Bonte et Michel Izard (dir.): Dictionnaire de l'ethnologie et de l'anthropologie, PUF, Paris, 2008 (1re éd. 1991), ISBN 978-2-13-055999-3, S. 393–395.
 E. Hall: Greek tragedy and the politics of subjectivity in recent fiction, in: Classical Receptions Journal, 1 (1), 2009, S. 23–42.
 H. Klüver: Gebrauchsanweisungen für Sardinien, München, Piper Verlag, 2012, S. 194–212.
 C. Lavinio: Narrare un'isola. Lingua e stile di scrittori sardi, Roma, Bulzoni, 1991, S. 151–171.
 F. Manai: Cosa succede a Fraus? Sardegna e mondo nel racconto di Giulio Angioni, Cagliari, CUEC, 2006.
 M. Marras: Ecrivains insulaires et auto-représentation, in Europaea, VI, 1–2 (2000), S. 17–77.
 A. Ottavi: Les romanciers italiens contemporains, Paris, Hachette 1992, S. 142–145.
 L. Schröder: Sardinienbilder. Kontinuitäten und Innovationen in der sardischen Literatur und Publizistik der Nachkriegszeit, Bern, Peter Lang 2000.
 B. Wagner: Sardinien, Insel im Dialog: Texte, Diskurse, Filme, Tübingen, A. Francke Verlag 2008.

Weblinks
 Giulio Angioni auf der Website der Universität Cagliari
 Giulio Angioni (Lebenslauf mit Publikationsliste, italienisch; PDF; 57 kB)
 Sardegna Digital Library
 Servizio Bibliotecario Nazionale

Einzelnachweise

Anthropologe (20. Jahrhundert)
Volkskundler
Hochschullehrer (Universität Cagliari)
Publizist
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Italienisch)
Roman, Epik
Sachbuchautor
Essay
Italiener
Geboren 1939
Gestorben 2017
Mann

Giulio Angioni


شريف عبد الرحمن الأنصاري: (توفي عام 1986)

ناشر عربي من لبنـان، توفي عام 1986. هو صاحب دار نشر «المكتبة العصرية» في صيدا وبيروت، وهي من أشهر دور النشر في العالم العربي. نشرت كثيرا من الكتب الحديثة والقديمة في أفرع الثقافة العالية. ومن ذلك كتاب النحو المشهور «جامع الدروس العربية» (في أجزاء ثلاثة) للشيخ مصطفى الغلاييني، ومؤلفات الكاتب المصري الكبير الأستاذ عباس محمود العقاد، وغيرها.

صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة
ناشرون لبنانيون
وفيات 1986

شريف عبد الرحمن الأنصاري


Flaín Éctaz (fl. 932-c. 950) fue comandante del ejército de Ramiro II de León, tatarabuelo por la rama paterna del Cid, y cuarto abuelo de su esposa Jimena Díaz. Luchó al frente de las tropas de Ramiro II durante la rebelión de los Banu Gómez y los Ansúrez, que apoyaban a su hermano Alfonso IV. Según el historiador hispanomusulmán Ibn Hayyan,

En 950, su hijo Fernando aparece en la documentación de la Catedral de Astorga, como hijo de Flaín Éctaz, cuando dona un molino a Santa María de Camarzana.

Matrimonio y descendencia
Casado antes de octubre de 960 con Brunilda cognomento Velasquita, tuvo por lo menos dos hijos:

Fernando Flaínez (m. c. 986), conde desde 977, gobernó Salamanca y fue un miembro relevante en la curia regia de los reyes Ramiro III y Bermudo II de León. Fue propietario de muchas tierras en la comarca del Bajo Cea, incluyendo las villas de Castrogonzalo, Villanueva la Seca y Fuentes de Ropel. Consta su filiación en un diploma de la Catedral de Astorga en 950 cuando dona a Santa Marta de Camarzana un molino bajo Castrogonzalo. En 1017, el rey Alfonso V de León donó a Pedro Fernández «en premio a su fidelidad, Castrogonzalo a orillas del Cea, Villaseca y el barrio de Fuentes de Ropel que había sido de Fernando Flaínez y de su mujer Gontrodo y que confiscó a su tío el conde Sancho García de Castilla por las maquinaciones continuas que había perpetrado contra él.» El Pedro Fernández, muerto alrededor de 1027, a quien se refiere fue probablemente un hijo de Fernando Flaínez.; y
 Muño Flaínez, esposo de Froiloba Bermúdez, hija del conde Bermudo Núñez y de la condesa Argilo. Fueron los bisabuelos del Campeador.

Véase también
 Genealogía de Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar

Referencias

Bibliografía

Nobles de España del siglo X
El Cid
Linaje Flaínez
Militares de España del siglo X

Flaín Éctaz


L'opération Bajadere est une opération contestée des forces spéciales allemandes lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Certaines sources affirment qu'elle a été lancée en  par une force parachutiste d'environ 100 hommes de la Légion indienne qui avaient pour mission de s'infiltrer en Inde par le Baloutchistan puis de commencer des opérations de sabotage contre les actifs britanniques en vue d'une révolte nationale anticipée en Inde contre le Raj britannique.

L'Abwehr avait activement recherché des recrues hindoues et musulmanes pour une attaque planifiée à travers le Caucase, en Iran, en Inde et en Afghanistan. L'unité de 100 hommes, puisés dans la Légion indienne, est entraînée par les forces spéciales de l'armée allemande, les Brandebourgeois. En janvier 1942, l'unité est parachutée en Perse et s'infiltre en Inde. Ils se livrent à des actes de sabotage, tentent de créer des dissensions et travaillent à une révolte populaire contre la domination britannique. L'Oberleutnant Witzel, attaché de l'Abwehr à Kaboul, rapporte plusieurs mois plus tard que les opérations ont été couronnées de succès. Cependant, la défaite à Stalingrad fait échouer tout plan d'action en Inde.

Cependant, d'autres sources affirment que cette opération n'a jamais été menée. Par exemple, l'historien Adrian O'Sullivan écrit qu'il s'agit d'un mythe et qu'il n'y a "aucune preuve" de l'existence d'une telle opération. Il note également que la Légion indienne n'a été formée qu'en août 1942 et qu'une telle opération était logistiquement impossible à exécuter par les Allemands.

Références

Bibliographie

Bataille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Nom de code

Opération Bajadere


Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien (abreviado Nat. Pflanzenfam.) es un trabajo científico con ilustraciones y descripciones botánicas que fue escrito por Karl Anton Eugen Prantl conjuntamente con Heinrich Gustav Adolf Engler y publicado en Leipzig, en forma de serie en los años 1887-1915, con el nombre de Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Nachträge zum II bis IV Teil.

Publicación
 Serie nº 1, p. [1]-96, Jul 1897; p. 97-192, Aug 1897; p. 193-288, Oct 1897; p. 289-336, Nov. 1897; p. 337-380 [i], Dec 1897. Nachtr.
 Serie nº 2 [i-iii] [1]-84, 8 Oct 1900; Nachtr.
 Serie nº 3 [1]-96, Apr 1906; p. 97-192, Nov 1906; p. 93-288, Jun 1907; p. 289-379, Feb 1908; [i, cont.], [i-iii] t.p. Nactr. 2/3 [i], Feb 1908. Nachtr.
 Serie nº 4 [1]-96, Apr 1914; p. 97-192, Jun 1914; p. 193-288, Jan 1915 or Dec 1914; p. 289-381, [i], Sep 1915

Referencias

Enlaces externos
en IPNI

Libros de botánica de Alemania del siglo XIX
Libros de 1887
Ciencia de 1887
Alemania en 1887

Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien Nachtr.


El distrito fitogeográfico altoandino quechua es uno de los distritos fitogeográficos en que se divide la Provincia fitogeográfica altoandina. Se encuentra en las altas cumbres de la Cordillera de los Andes y cordilleras cercanas en el sector centro-oeste de América del Sur. Incluye formaciones de estepas graminosas, en su mayor parte, aunque también se presentan pequeños arbustales en lugares reparados o rocosos.

Sinonimia

También llamado: «distrito altoandino septentrional».

Distribución

Según la clasificación de Ángel Lulio Cabrera, este distrito fitogeográfico se encuentra en las altas cumbres de la Cordillera de los Andes y topes de las cordilleras cercanas en el sector centro-oeste de América del Sur, desde las cordilleras de Bolivia, y el noreste de Chile hasta las montañas del Noroeste Argentino de la Argentina, en las provincias de: Jujuy, Salta, Catamarca, Tucumán, y La Rioja.

La altitud va desde los 4300 hasta los 5600 , dependiendo de la latitud, precipitación anual, orientación de las laderas, etc.

Afinidades florísticas

Este distrito fitogeográfico guarda estrecha relación con el distrito fitogeográfico altoandino cuyano y con la provincia fitogeográfica puneña.

Características

Este distrito fitogeográfico se caracteriza por presentar estepas graminosas formadas por matas aisladas compactas, circulares, en anillo o en medialuna, estas últimas en especial en las laderas. Todas estas gramíneas presentan una coloración amarillenta a causa de la gruea cutícula que las cubre y protege de la pérdida de humedad; por ello siempre se muestran como pastizales de aspecto seco. También se observan caméfitos en cojín, hemicriptófitos arrosetados, y entre ellos, delicados helechos.

Suelos

Los suelos son muy pobres, con abundante presencia de rocas y escombros, en especial en las laderas, las que son muy susceptibles a la erosión.

Relieve

El relieve es fuertemente accidentado, con altos cordones montañosos de rocas esquistosas, orientadas de norte a sur, con sus cumbres nevadas en las grandes alturas por arriba de los 5800

Clima

El clima es muy seco; las precipitaciones son escasísimas generalmente en forma de granizo o nieve y estivales, esta última siempre poco duradera. En algunos sectores, por ejemplo sobre los 4600  en la Corrida de Cori son casi nulas, presentándose así el desierto absoluto. Es una región de clima de alta montaña, de humedad relativa nuy baja, de baja presión atmosférica por lo tanto con una menor difusión de oxígeno en el aire, el cual siempre es muy seco y frío.

La temperatura media anual suele ser menor de alrededor de 3 °C. Todos estos factores geográficos aunados al relieve han generado abundantes endemismos.

Los tipos climáticos más característicos son el «Desierto de Tierra fría», y el «Altoandino».

Especies principales

Las estepas graminosas están dominadas por: Calamagrostis cabrerae, el iro (Festuca orthophylla), el coirón amargo (Festuca chrysophylla), Poa gymnantha, Poa humillima, Poa humillior, Poa perligulata, la vizcachera (Stipa frigida), Stipa hieronymusi, Stipa saltensis, Stipa henrardiana, Stipa venusta, Stipa bomanii, etc.

Acompañan varias especies herbáceas: Chaetanthera minuta, Chaetanthera stuebelii var. argentina, Doniophyton anomalum, Perezia abbiattii, Perezia atacamensis, Perezia coerulescens, Perezia purpurata, Senecio algens, Senecio jarae, Senecio spegazzinii, Trichocline auriculata, Werneria aretioides, Aschersoniodoxa mandoniana, Hexaptera virens, Parodiodoxa chionophilla, Calycera pulvinata var. crenata, Pycnophyllum molle, Astragalus, Cajophora coronata, Nototriche anthemidifolia, Nototriche auricoma, Nototriche lorentzii, Oxalis campacta, Calandrinia picta, Calandrinia salsoloides, Calandrinia saltensis, Lenzia chamaepytis, Barneoudia major, Valeriana spathulata, etc.

En afloramientos rocosos y en quebradas más húmedas y protegidas de los sectores a menor altura se encuentran algunos arbustos y subarbustos rastreros o pulvinados, entre ellos: Azorella yareta, Mulinum famatinense, Lepidophyllum quadrangulare, Nassauvia axillaris, Senecio eriophyton, Senecio graveolens, Senecio santelicis, Werneria papposa, Anthobryum tetragonum, el cuerno de cabra Adesmia nanolignea, Adesmia caespitosa, Adesmia crassicaulis, Adesmia patancana, Fabiana bryoides, Verbena pygmaea, etc.

En los cordones orientales, donde las precipitaciones son algo mayores y la nubosidad es más frecuente se presenta el desierto de líquenes, donde encontramos: Acarospora, Lecanora, Lecidea, Caloplaca, Gyrophora, etc.

Las orillas aluviales de los arroyos presentan prados o vegas, llamadas localmente bofedales, muy ricos en especies vegetales, destacando: Hypochoeris meyeniana, Werneria pygmaea, Werneria heteroloba, Werneria solivaefolia, Carex maritima, Scirpus atacamensis, Gentiana limoselloides, Gentiana podocarpa, Gentiana punensis, Gentiana prostrata, Distichia muscoides, Oxychloe andina, Calamagrostis fulva, Eudema friesii, Calamagrostis hackelii, Calamagrostis mutica, Calamagrostis subsimilis, Festuca calchaquiensis, Festuca hypsophyla, Festuca parvopaniculata, Festuca oligantha, la chillahua Festuca scirpifolia, Calandrinia acaulis, etc. Junto a los arroyos, abundan las grandes matas de una gramínea empleada para techar viviendas: la guaia (Deyeuxia fulva).

Véase también

 Distrito fitogeográfico altoandino cuyano
 Provincia fitogeográfica puneña

Bibliografía

 Cabrera, A. L. (1976). Regiones fitogeográficas argentinas. Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería, Tomo II Fs. 1. Ed. ACME. Bs. As. Argentina. 1-85 pp.
 Cabrera, A. L. y Willink, W. (1980). Biogeografía de América Latina, OEA, Ser. Biol., Monogr. 3.
 Chébez, J.C. (1994). Los que se van. Especies argentinas en peligro, Editorial Albatros.
 Chébez, J.C. (2005). Guía de las Reservas Naturales de la Argentina. Volumen 4, Noroeste. pp. 256 Editor: Editorial Albatros. ISBN 9502410599.

Referencias

 Fitogeografía de Argentina
Fitogeografía de Bolivia
Fitogeografía de Chile

Distrito fitogeográfico altoandino quechua


La Escuela de Leópolis-Varsovia fue un grupo de lógicos y filósofos polacos que trabajaron durante el período de entreguerras en las ciudades que le dan nombre, así como en Cracovia.

El fundador de esta escuela fue Kazimierz Twardowski. Son características de la mayoría de sus pensadores:

negación del irracionalismo y uso de la lógica matemática para precisar los fundamentos del racionalismo;
investigación exacta de la lógica del razonamiento científico;
interés por la semántica lógica.

Los representantes de esta escuela llevaron a cabo investigaciones en cuanto a la lógica y fundamentos de la matemática, la metodología de las ciencias deductivas y a la historia de la lógica y la semántica lógica. Otros investigaron la metalógica. Los lógicos se ocuparon de la teoría axiomática de los conjuntos y otros.

Algunos destacados pensadores: Tadeusz Kotarbiński, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Tadeusz Czeżowski, Stanisław Jaśkowski, Czesław Lejewski, Stanislaw Leśniewski, Jan Łukasiewicz, Alfred Tarski, Władysław Witwicki.

Las ideas progresivas de la Escuela de Leópolis-Varsovia continuaron siendo desarrolladas por los filósofos y lógicos de la República Popular de Polonia.

Referencias

Doctrinas filosóficas

Escuela de Leópolis-Varsovia


Andrew Moray (; ), also known as Andrew de Moray, Andrew of Moray, or Andrew Murray, was an esquire, who became one of Scotland's war-leaders during the First Scottish War of Independence. Moray, son and heir to Sir Andrew Moray of Petty, initially raised a small band of supporters at Avoch Castle in early summer 1297 to fight King Edward I of England. He soon had successfully regained control of the north for the absent Scots king, John Balliol. Moray subsequently merged his army with that of William Wallace, and jointly led the combined army to victory at the Battle of Stirling Bridge on 11 September 1297. In the fighting at Stirling, Moray was severely wounded. He died at an unknown date and place that year.

Childhood
Andrew Moray the younger of Petty was born late in the second half of the 13th century. The date and place of his birth are unknown. Andrew's father, Sir Andrew Moray of Petty, was an influential north Scotland baron and Justiciar of Scotia (1289?–1296), and his mother was the historically-anonymous fourth daughter of John Comyn I of Badenoch.

Nothing is known of the formative years of Moray the younger's life. Similarly to other members of his social class, he likely embarked in his youth on the training for knighthood. This would have entailed him being fostered in the household of a mature knight outwith his family, where he would undergo training in horsemanship and in the use of weapons, he would care for the knight's armour and weapons, and care for the knight's horses, and he would serve the knight meals at the table.

The Morays of Petty's place in Scottish society

The Morays of Petty were a wealthy and politically influential baronial family whose power base was located in the province of Moray in north-east Scotland. The family traced their origins to Freskin of Uphall, in Lothian, who was granted lands in the Laich of Moray during the 12th-century reign of King David I of Scotland. Freskin built a motte-and-bailey castle on these lands at Duffus on the north shore of Loch Spynie (this sea-loch was almost completely drained in the 18th and 19th centuries to bring hundreds of acres of land into agricultural use).

The Morays of Petty's wealth was accompanied by significant political influence. The family were loyal agents of the Scots king. Sir Andrew acted from 1289 as the king's chief law officer in north Scotland (the Justiciar) and may have been co-opted to the guardianship following in the premature death of King Alexander III.  Sir Andrew Moray of Petty had close personal connections to the most politically influential family in Scottish society, the  Comyns. Sir Andrew's first wife was a daughter of John (I) 'the Red' Comyn of Badenoch, and his second wife was Euphemia Comyn. The Morays of Petty also had links to the Douglases of Douglasdale.

At the outbreak of the Scottish Wars of Independence the Moray family was established in north and south Scotland. Sir Andrew Moray of Petty the head of the north branch of the family, held the lordship of Petty, which was controlled from Hallhill manor on the south bank of the Moray Firth; the lordship of Avoch in the Black Isle, controlled from Avoch Castle situated to the east of Inverness and overlooking the Moray Firth; and the lordship of Boharm in Banffshire, controlled from Gauldwell Castle. Amongst Sir Andrew's estates at Petty were lands at Alturile, Brachlie and Croy, and at Boharm were lands at Arndilly and Botriphnie. Andrew Moray the younger was heir to these lands and castles.    Sir William Moray of Bothwell, the elder brother of Andrew the younger's father, held extensive lands in Lanarkshire and at Lilleford in Lincolnshire.

Sir William, who was known as le riche due to his extensive personal wealth, was in 1296 constructing Bothwell Castle overlooking the River Clyde. Its design was influenced by the latest continental European trends in castle construction, for example Chateau de Coucy. It was clearly intended as an unequivocal statement of his influence and wealth. Moray the younger was also heir to his uncle's lands and castles.

The Morays of Petty also had a presence in the Scottish medieval church. A forebear of Moray the younger, also named Andrew, was bishop of Moray early in the thirteenth century and a younger brother of Sir Andrew Moray of Petty, David, was in the closing years of the thirteenth century a rector of Bothwell church in central Scotland and a canon of Moray. He would subsequently be consecrated in the summer of 1299 as Bishop of Moray by Pope Boniface VIII, and become a vociferous supporter of King Robert I's kingship.

A kingdom in turmoil

The late thirteenth century was a time of upheaval in Scotland. On 19 March 1286, King Alexander III died after apparently being thrown from his horse as he made his way to Kinghorn, in Fife, from Edinburgh Castle to be with his young Flemish queen, Yolande. On Alexander III's death, the Crown passed to his three-year-old granddaughter, Margaret, Maid of Norway, the children of his previous marriage to  Margaret, a sister of King Edward I, having predeceased him. The child-queen was never enthroned, dying in 1290 during the sea passage to Scotland.

Scots nobles vied for the vacant crown. The Bruces of Annandale had already made an unsuccessful attempt in November 1286 to seize it in an armed coup. In this uncertain time, Scotland's leaders sought support from King Edward I of England. The price of Edward I's involvement in what became known as 'The Great Cause' was the claimants' acknowledgement of him as overlord of Scotland. Edward duly presided over a court to assess the merits of these claims. The most serious claims were advanced by John Balliol, the lord of Galloway, and Robert Bruce, lord of Annandale and grandfather of the future king. Balliol was eventually awarded the Crown, and duly swore fealty to Scotland's new English overlord, Edward I. This decision was widely accepted by the Scottish political community, including many who had previously supported Bruce.

Invasion and defeat

King Edward I became a constant presence in Scottish legal and political affairs. The Scottish political community did not welcome his involvement, and by late 1295 King John had renounced his fealty to the English king and entered into a treaty with France. King Edward was reputedly enraged by such defiance, making hostilities between the kingdoms inevitable.

Andrew Moray the younger was part of the Scottish feudal host assembling at Caddonlee in March 1296 in preparation for war with England. He was likely part of his father's retinue. A part of Scottish host, led by the earls of Atholl, Ross, and Mar and John Comyn the younger of Badenoch, entered Cumberland. It marched to Carlisle, destroying, according to The St. Edmundsbury Chronicle, 120 villages. More Scots raiders crossed from Jedburgh, burning homes and farms in Northumberland. Pierre de Langtoft, an English chronicler, records:

King Edward I assembled a large army on the Anglo-Scottish border for the invasion of Scotland. By 30 March it was besieging the prosperous Scottish port of Berwick.

Berwick soon fell and was sacked by the English army. The English Lanercost Chronicle condemned this slaughter as a "crime" and recorded that fifteen thousand "of both sexes perished, some by the sword, others by fire, in the space of a day and a half".

It had been many years since Scotland had mobilized for war, and at the Battle of Dunbar the Scots were overwhelmed quickly by a detachment led by John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey. The author of the Chronicle of Bury St. Edmunds records the death of eight thousand Scots soldiers at Dunbar.

Scotland now capitulated. Edward I deposed King John at Montrose castle. The symbols of the Scottish kingship were taken from him, including the royal coat of arms which were stripped from his surcoat (thereby earning him the enduring title Toom Tabard, 'Empty Coat'). King Edward undertook an extended march across Scotland, reaching Elgin on 26 July 1296. He remained in the town's castle for a few days, taking the fealty of a number of Scots nobles.

Scots nobles captured at Dunbar were sent to prisons across England. The most important prisoners, such as Sir Andrew Moray of Petty, were taken to the Tower of London. Sir Andrew spent the remainder of his life there, dying in the Tower on 8 April 1298. Andrew Moray the younger, a prisoner of little significance, was imprisoned in Chester Castle.

Rebellion
King Edward's English administration in the defeated Scottish kingdom was headed by the Earl of Surrey. Sir Hugh de Cressingham was appointed Treasurer, and Walter Amersham, Chancellor. The Justiciars for Lothian, Scotia (i.e. the territories north of the Forth), and Galloway were English appointees. Most of Scotland's former royal castles were held by English nobles.

English tax collectors began to impose heavy taxes on the Scots, corruptly exploiting the populace to enrich themselves as they collected the king's taxes. Cressingham had by the end of May 1297 dispatched £5,188 6s. 8d. to the English treasury. Edward also sought to conscript Scots, including the nobility, into the armies being raised to fight in Flanders. This plan caused widespread alarm across Scotland and further contributed to growing restlessness against English rule.

While the Scots suffered under English occupation, Andrew Moray the younger continued to be imprisoned in Chester castle, but sometime in winter 1296–97 he escaped and made his way back to his father's lands in north Scotland.

Scotland may have been easily conquered by King Edward in 1296, but outbreaks of violence soon followed against the English occupiers and their Scots allies. These are usually dated to May 1297.  Argyll and Ross were the scenes of earlier violence. In Argyll, Lachlann Mac Ruaidhrí and Ruaidhrí Mac Ruaidhrí were in rebellion, attacking Edward I's MacDonald supporters, killing royal officials and destroying royal property. In Galloway the rebels seized English-held castles. There was also violence in Aberdeenshire and in Fife, where MacDuff of Fife and his sons led the rising. In Central Scotland, William Hesilrig, the English sheriff of Lanark, was murdered on 3 May 1297, during an attack on the town led by William Wallace and Richard Lundie.

Andrew Moray the younger was also involved in the uprising against English rule. He raised his standard at Avoch in the first days of May 1297. News of Moray's actions drew supporters to him. Sir William fitz Warin, the English constable of Urquhart Castle on the shores of Loch Ness, wrote to King Edward in July 1297:  Amongst them were Alexander Pilche, a burgess from Inverness, and a number of burgesses from the town.

King Edward I ordered supporters in Argyll and Ross to assist the Sheriff of Argyll Alexander of the Isles to suppress the rebels. The English Sheriff of Aberdeen, Sir Henry de Latham, was ordered on 11 June 1297 to deal with rebels in Aberdeenshire. Men were dispatched from England, including Henry Percy and Walter Clifford, to suppress the rebellion.

Attack on Castle Urquhart
In May 1297 Andrew Moray the younger was leading the rebellion in the province of Moray. King Edward's Scots lieutenant in the area was Sir Reginald Cheyne, the sheriff of Elgin. Cheyne was alarmed by the growth of Moray's rebellion, writing to the king to request assistance. In response to the king's orders to suppress the rebellion, Sir Reginald ordered his subordinates to a meeting at Inverness Castle on 25 May 1297 to discuss how to deal with Moray. One participant was Sir William fitz Warin constable of Urquhart Castle standing on the western shore of Loch Ness.

After this meeting, Sir William fitz Warin returned to his castle accompanied by an escort of men-at-arms. A few miles south of Inverness, he was unsuccessfully ambushed by a force led by Moray and Alexander Pilche. Next day, Sir William found himself besieged in his castle by Moray. The Countess of Ross unexpectedly arrived on the scene with her retinue. The countess, whose husband was held by King Edward in the Tower of London, advised him to surrender. Moray, lacking siege strength, unsuccessfully tried to take the castle in a night attack. He left Sir William to send an account of this mêlee to his king.

King Edward fights back
Although Andrew Moray the younger was thwarted at Urquhart Castle, he continued to prosecute a vigorous campaign against his enemies in the province of Moray. The devastation of Sir Reginald Cheyne's lands was later reported to King Edward

King Edward I while preparing to campaign in Flanders sought to deal with the threat posed by Andrew Moray by making use of Scots nobles released from his prisons. The king issued orders on 11 June 1297 to several apparently loyal Scots lords to raise their retinues and march into the province of Moray to relieve fitz Warin and to restore English authority. They included Henry Cheyne, Bishop of Aberdeen, Sir Gartnait of Mar, heir to the earldom of Mar and whose father was currently held in the Tower of London, and John Comyn, Earl of Buchan and Constable of Scotland, together with his brother, Alexander. The Comyn brothers, related to Moray via his mother, were to remain in the province until the rebellion had been stamped out.

Thewe nobles departed from Aberdeen in early July 1297, and Moray the younger met them on the banks of the River Spey at Enzie, where the road from Aberdeen to Inverness forded the waters of the river, on the eastern edge of the province of Moray.

An extremely ambiguous account of events at Enzie was sent on 25 August 1297 from Inverness to King Edward by Bishop Cheyn, It relates that after some discussion, Moray and his rebel army withdrew into  This was a highly dubious explanation when one considers the Comyn family pacified for the Scots king the province of Moray in the early thirteenth century. It appears more likely that neither side wished to fight men that they did not consider their enemies. But if Cheyne thought he could save face with this letter, he failed to reckon with Hugh de Cressingham. Cressingham, having seen this letter, wrote to the king on 5 August:

Cressingham clearly did not believe that the Scots lords tasked with dealing with Moray had done their duty, believing they were playing a double game at King Edward's expense. He was especially dismissive of the account of confrontation at the Spey, writing to King Edward:

While Andrew Moray seized control of north Scotland and William Wallace was active in west-central Scotland, a rising led by Scotland's traditional feudal leaders was taking place in the south of the kingdom. Amongst its leaders were James, the High Steward of Scotland, Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow, and Robert Bruce of Carrick, the future king. Faced with an army led by Henry de Percy and Robert de Clifford, they entered negotiations in June and capitulated at Irvine in July.

In summer 1297, King Edward proposed to release the younger Moray's father, Sir Andrew Moray of Petty, from imprisonment in the Tower to serve in the ranks of the English army in Flanders, if his son was prepared to take his father's place as a royal hostage. A safe conduct, allowing him to come to England, was issued under the king's seal on 28 August 1297. It is not known if this letter ever reached him, but if it did, it was ignored and his father remained confined in the Tower, dying there on 4 April 1298.

Battle of Stirling Bridge

By late summer 1297, King Edward I had lost control of Scotland. The extent of the breakdown in his rule was described in a letter to him from Cressingham:

Of the castles north of the River Forth, only Dundee remained in English hands.

In the late summer of 1297, the earl of Surrey finally acted against Moray and Wallace.  He was subsequently vilified for this indolence. Walter of Guisborough, said of him:
Moray and Wallace, who were besieging Dundee castle, entrusted the siege to the townspeople and marched to Stirling to meet him. They deployed their men to the north of the River Forth, close to the old bridge at Stirling and Stirling Castle.

Surrey was outmanoeuvred and outfought in the ensuing battle. The key to it was the bridge over the river Forth.  Walter of Guisborough said that it was  Surrey deployed the vanguard of his army across it. Moray and Wallace struck when only part of the English vanguard had crossed. In the Battle of Stirling Bridge, this vanguard was destroyed. The bulk of Surrey's army, which had still not crossed the bridge, fled. Surrey led this flight. He galloped for Berwick, causing one English chronicler, Walter of Guisborough, to sneer that Surrey's "charger never once tasted food during the whole journey".

The casualties of the Scottish army, composed largely of anonymous infantry soldiers, were unrecorded. But there was one recorded casualty: Andrew Moray the younger.

Walter of Guisborough stated that Surrey lost one hundred knights and five thousand infantrymen at Stirling. This is likely an over estimate. The most notable death was Hugh Cressingham. According to the chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft Cressingham, unaccustomed  The Lanercost Chronicle claims that Wallace had:

The defeat of Surrey at the Battle of Stirling Bridge was the zenith of Moray the younger's military career. He was no skilled soldier by accident. The training for knighthood that he had received as a baron's son equipped him with the skills to fulfil a leadership role in Scotland's feudal host.

Death
There is seemingly contradictory evidence about the death of Andrew Moray the younger. Two letters, issued in autumn 1297, appear to indicate he survived for some months after the fighting at Stirling Bridge. The first letter was sent from Haddington on 11 October 1297 to the mayors of Lübeck and Hamburg, two of the leading towns of the Hanseatic League. It was issued by: The second was sent just under a month later, on 7 November, during a Scottish raid on the northern counties of England. It was issued to the prior of Hexham by: Moray's name does not appear on any later document.

The inclusion of Moray the younger's name in these letters is apparently contradicted by a formal inquisition into the affairs of his recently-deceased uncle, Sir William Moray of Bothwell. It was held in Berwick-upon-Tweed in November 1300 and determined that Moray the younger was: "slain at Stirling against the king." No chronicle source places Moray at Hexham or ascribes to him any role in this raid, which Walter Guisborough's chronicle says was led by Wallace. The letters issued to the mayors of Lübeck and Hamburg, and to the prior of Hexham, may, for reasons now unknown and unclear to us, have been issued in Moray's name but also in his absence.

In response to these apparently conflicting facts, most historians choose to believe that Moray the younger was wounded at Stirling Bridge, later dying of his injuries sometime around November 1297.

Legacy
Andrew Moray the younger's early death has meant that his achievements have not fully received the recognition that they deserve. There are neither statues nor monuments to him. Moray's deeds are often obscured by the greater fame of William Wallace, much of which is attributable to the 11,000 line biographical poem, The Acts and Deeds of the Illustrious and Valiant Champion Sir William Wallace, written in the late fifteenth-century reputedly by Scots poet Blind Hary. Nevertheless, in the late twentieth century, there was increased recognition of Moray's important role in the events of 1297. One historian recently described his actions as "the greatest threat to the English government".

One legacy that is not in doubt is the birth of his son. At Pentecost 1298, Andrew Moray's widow bore him a son,  also named Andrew. The child eventually acceded to the lordships of Avoch, Boharm, Petty and Bothwell, and would play a major role in leading the resistance to the attempts of King Edward III of England, grandson of his father's foe, Edward I, to conquer Scotland in the 1330s. He would twice be appointed Guardian of the Realm during the minority of King David II, the son of Robert I.

Moray the younger's lack of recognition has been the subject of discussion in the Scotland's parliament. In December 2009, Murdo Fraser, a Conservative List MSP for Mid Scotland and Fife, called for a national debate on an appropriate monument to Moray. He stated that it should raise awareness of Moray's historical role.

See also
Bothwell Castle
Clan Murray
Duffus Castle
History of Scotland
Kildrummy Castle
Robert Wishart

Notes

References
 Anglo-Scottish Relations 1174–1328: Some Selected Documents, ed. E. L. G Stones, 1970
 Barron, E. M., The Scottish War of Independence, 2nd ed., 1934;
 Barrow, G. W. S. Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm, 3rd ed., 1988
 Barrow, G. W. S. Robert Bruce and the Community of the Realm, 4th ed., 2005
 Barrow, G. W. S. The Kingdom of the Scots, 2nd ed., 2003
 Broun, D, New information on the Guadians' appointment in 1286 and Wallace's rising in 1297, September 2011, www.thebreakingofbritain.ac.uk
 Brown, M., The Wars of Scotland 1214–1371, 2004
 Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, 4 vol., ed. J. Bain, 1881–1888
 The Chronicle of Walter of Guisborough, ed. H. Rothwell, 1957;
 Chronicle of Holyrood, ed. M. A. Anderson, 1938
 The Chronicle of Lanercost 1272–1346, ed. H. Maxwell, 1913
 The Chronicle of Pierre de Langtoft, ed. T Wright, 2 vol. 1866–8
 Documents Illustrative of Scotland 1286–1306," ed. Rev. J. Stevenson, 2 vols. 1870
 Ferguson, J, William Wallace, 1938
 Fisher, A, William Wallace, 1992
 Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae, ed T. Rymer, 1816
 Kightly, Folk Heroes of Britain, 1982
 Oram, Richard, Ed., The Kings and Queens of Scotland, Stroud, 2001
 Oram, Richard, David I: The King who made Scotland, Stroud, 2004

 Prestwich, M., Edward I, 1990
 The Scalacronica of Sir Thomas Gray, ed. Sir H. Maxwell, 1907
 A Source Book of Scottish History. 3 vol., 2nd ed., eds. W. C. Dickson, G. Donaldson and I. A. Milne, 1958
 Taylor, J. G., Fighting for the Lion: The Life of Andrew Moray, in History Scotland, September/October 2005
 Watson F. J., Under the Hammer: Edward I and Scotland 1286–1306, 1998

1297 deaths
Scottish generals
Scottish Roman Catholics
Scottish people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
Scottish rebels
People from Ross and Cromarty
Scottish escapees
Scottish pre-union military personnel killed in action
Guardians of Scotland
Year of birth unknown
Andrew

Andrew Moray


The Mystery Method: How to Get Beautiful Women into Bed, traducido al español como El secreto es un libro sobre seducción escrito por el artista del ligue Mystery (Erik von Markovik) con Chris Odom. El copyright del libro lo comparten conjuntamente Nick Savoy y Erik von Markovik.
Este libro es una ampliación del libro electrónico publicado por el mismo autor en 2005: The Venusian Arts Handbook, Mystery Method Corp)

El libro es un manual de instrucciones sobre seducción y explica el Método Mystery que se puede resumir en cuatro normas:
 Atracción
 Construir confort
 Comienzo de la seducción

El propósito del libro es ayudar a los hombres a seducir a las mujeres.

El modelo M3
El modelo M3 (modelo Método Mystery ) se divide en tres fases cíclicas:

Las fases son las siguientes:

 A - ATRACCIÓN (primera interacción o cita 0)
 A1 - Apertura: El hombre se adentra a un entorno social como lo son convenciones, fiestas, centros comerciales, cursos-talleres, etc. (la calle queda fuera de la lista dadas las problemáticas actuales de acoso callejero) abre un set con un abridor (directo o situacional) y alcanza el punto de enganche haciendo uso del contexto o la situación en el que se encuentren en ese momento.
 A2 - Interés mujer-hombre/Valor: El hombre en todo momento proyecta (no lo dice) alto valor mediante  1. Su autoimagen, es decir, estilo de ropa definido, una buena postura, una buena higiene y perfume; 2. Su confianza, seguridad, estabilidad emocional para mantenerse con calma; 3. Su lenguaje verbal (dicción) y lenguaje no verbal. Ella a todo esto debe responder dando indicadores de interés (te mira o te sonríe, o, te mira y sonríe, o orbita alrededor tuyo, o en un grupo de personas reunidos te dirige la palabra a ti solamente, o hace leve contacto físico contigo). A2 y A1 son intercambiables, puede que detectes indicadores de interés a lo lejos (A2) y te acercas a abrir (A1), o simplemente abrir (A1) y mediante proyección de valor y breve small talk lograr obtener los indicadores de interés (A2)
 A3 - Interés hombre-mujer/Cualificación: El hombre recompensa esos indicadores de interés con atención, pero mediante el método de recompensa variable para enganchar a la mujer y lograr que esta se involucre más en la interacción. La recompensa variable puede verse así Ej: En reuniones de amigos sería hablar con la chica de tu interés 5 min y luego vas donde tus amigos por 10 min, luego vuelves con la chica pero esta vez con una cerveza para ella y le das de nuevo 5-6 min de atención para luego ir vuelta con tus amigos 15 min, luego vuelva con la chica unos últimos 5 min ya para al final el número y finalizar la interacción ese día. Ej 2: En la disco estás conversando con una chica de tu interés y a lo lejos ves a otra chica que te dio indicadores de interés, aprovechas y la sacas a bailar por 10 min, para luego volver con tu chica de interés a continuar la conversación por 6-7 min, luego te vas al baño por 5 min para luego volver con la chica, le pides el número y luego desapareces. Similar dinámica puede realizarse en aulas de clase, convenciones, etc. siempre y cuando haya gente para poder interactuar y efectuar la recompensa variable.
A3 podría omitirse en caso de no tener suficiente práctica/habilidad, o no tener el contexto adecuado para realizar el mecanismo recompensa variable, y esto se hace mediante la prolongación de A2 usando un small talk de 10-15 min donde debe haber humor, labia, generar emocionalidad con historias (story-telling) y procurar hacer un leve contacto físico al menos 1 vez (brazo en el hombro, o golpe leve en el brazo superior, esto último tanto para A3 como A2 prologando) preguntar por el contacto telefónico al finalizar el tiempo de 10-15 min.

Aquí debe haber ya un mindset de "yo soy el premio, dado que ella gusta de mí" antes de avanzar al confort; porque al pasar las 3 etapas de la fase de la atracción es porque efectivamente atraes a la mujer. Antes de pedir el contacto déjale en claro la idea que continuaran la conversación en una cita (Sea al final de A3 o mediante A2 prologando), y 5-7 días después invítala a salir para comenzar la fase de confort. Óptimamente el lugar de la primera cita será para conversar tranquilamente; en la segunda y tercera cita serían lugares para generar emocionalidad, pero a su vez deben haber cerca espacios para intimar (cuarto de karaoke, los bolos, parques de diversiones con salas para conversar en tranquilamente, etc).

 C - CONFORT o ROMANCE(1-3 citas, es variable)
 C1 - Conversación:  La pareja comienza una conversación. En lo que respecta a los diálogos del hombre, debe tener temas interesantes de conversación provenientes de una vida trabajada como viajes, anécdotas, cultura, datos. Al narrar los temas de conversación previos se debe sub-comunicar quien eres (personalidad, valores, ideologías, proyecto de vida), tu capacidad de proveer, y generar emocionalidad (usando story-telling al narrar), todo al mismo tiempo (Tu cita debe admirarte en la medida de lo posible). Ten seleccionados ya estos temas/historias antes de la cita y revisa si lo que vas a decir va a sub-comunicar todo lo anterior mediante cortos diálogos (la mujer debe hablar en uno 80% de la cita, y el hombre el 20%, esto para denotar misterio y escasez, y lograr un aumento percibido de tu valor). Los diálogos preparados con anticipación no deben narrarse de corrido todo al mismo tiempo, sino más bien cuando la mujer habla, tratar de conectar lo que ella dice con tus diálogos, dándole así tu información en poca medida, una vez dicho tu diálogo direccionas para que la mujer vuelva a hablar (escucha activa) y repites el proceso. Así, logrando un intercambio de diálogos natural y armónico
 C2 - Conexión: El hombre debe empezar a generar un sentido del confort, de complicidad y de empatía, para poder lograr un sentimiento de conexión. Esto mediante el mismo proceso de C1 de que cuando la mujer habla, le intercambia el diálogo pero ya no para dar información tuya sino que ahora será para generar ya sea complicidad, o sea empatía emocional con lo que está diciendo, para luego dejar que ella que continúe hablando (por aquí ya debes estar dentro de su espacio personal y haciendo contactos físicos como los de A3 o A2 prologando pero agregando contactos tipo tocar nudillos con su pierna externa, o mano en la espalda alta y media, o mano en la espalda alta y abrazo de 1 brazo para guiarla). Una vez que percibas esta conexión o química en el aire u ella ya te está tocando levemente, o se siente cómoda estando tú en su espacio personal, comienza la escalación física un poco más avanzada. Yendo de menor a mayor: roce de manos, mano en la pierna media, toma de manos, toma de cintura) creando tensión sexual. Se debe ir calibrando hasta donde te deja llegar la chica, una vez que percibas incomodidad de ella en algún punto de la escalación física, rompes la incomodidad con una broma para volver a enfocarte y trabajar más en C1, para luego intentar escalar física después de 5-10 min. En el punto más alto de tensión sexual que logres identificar (mediante la aceptación de tus avances en la escalación física + indicadores femeninos de alivianar la tensión sexual como estar riendo siempre, jugar con su pelo, evitar el contacto visual constantemente) ir a buscar el beso, acercándote de manera coqueta y lenta hacia su rostro, intercambiando el objetivo de tu mirada de sus ojos a sus labios y vuelta a sus ojos, para que ella note tu interés en sus labios. La fase de confort puede durar de 1, máximo 3 citas. Debes llegar al beso máximo en la tercera cita, caso contrario quedarás como amigo. Que no se dé el beso en las 3 citas también podría ser por causas externas (recién rompió con su ex, fallecimiento de un familiar, depresión).
 C3 - Intimidad: Ya habiendo dinámica de besos, invitar a la pareja (en la cita donde hubo el primer beso, o en la siguiente cita, se deberá medir la situación es decir queda a la experiencia de la persona en elegir el momento) hacia una localización para intimar (casa o departamento) usando un tono seductor y lenguaje indirecto. En el domicilio, lleva oportunamente la pareja hacia el dormitorio y comienza la escalación sexual con el beso.
 S - SEDUCCIÓN  (Después del beso, sea en la misma cita del primer beso, o en la siguiente cita)
 S1 - Juegos preliminares: Partiendo de los besos comienza la escalación sexual hacia el sexo, estimula muy calmadamente sin apresuro sus zonas erógenas (muslo interno, cuello, oreja). Si las cosas pasan muy deprisa puede causar remordimiento del comprador, ve lento.
 S2 - RUM (Resistencia de Última Minuto): Éste es el punto de no retorno antes de que el sexo ocurra. Es la última resistencia que opone una mujer. Debes estar preparado sobre que y como responder a esta situación conservando siempre la calma mediante la gestión emocional.
 S3 - Sexo: Aplicar herramientas y prácticas de buen sexo, para asegurar el hacer sentir placer a la mujer..

El modelo siempre comienza en la fase 1, pasa por la fase 2 y termina en la 3. No se comienza ni en la fase 2, ni se comienza por la 3. Tampoco se saltan fases, se debe pasar por las 3 en el orden 1,2,3. Lo principal a tomar en cuenta del modelo m3 es que no es lineal o lógico, es decir, que no necesariamente seguirá la secuencia fase 1,2 y final, sino que de la fase 2 la mujer te puede regresar a la 1, o de la fase 3 te puede regresar a la 2 o de la 3 directamente a la 1. Cuando te bajan, lo importante es saber medir la situación y calibrar las acciones para volver a subir en las fases. Es importante estar atento cuando bajamos y subimos en los niveles.

Por último cabe mencionar que en ambientes de fiesta donde se apagan los filtros femeninos, las 3 fases se podrían llevar a cabo en 1 sola noche, inclusive saltándose subfases, pero se da la advertencia que serán relaciones de 1 sola noche, y no para buscar pareja para una relación a largo plazo; esto mismo puede pasar también con primeras citas con posible predisposición sexual, como lo son las citas llevadas a cabo a través de app de citas, donde la fase de atracción se centra dentro de la app, y en la cita se llega a hacer las fase 2 y 3 (No todas las chicas de app de citas tienen esta predisposición sexual, tener cuidado). La temporalidad de entre 1-3 citas en la que ocurre el modelo m3, es para lograr relaciones estables genuinas, dado que un hombre conoce y evalúa genuinamente a una mujer en 2-3 citas, pero también sirve para situaciones de 1 noche (es decir el primer contacto, cita 0). El sexo debería darse antes de entrar en una relación, dado que para que una relación funcione la compatibilidad sexual debe ser buena; por lo tanto, no se puede entrar a una relación hasta no saber si son compatibles sexualmente.

Referencias

Véase también
 Comunidad de seducción
 Artista del ligue
 Neil Strauss
 El método (libro)

Libros de seducción
Comunidad de seducción
Ensayos de 2007


Shirvánskaya  es una stanitsa del raión de Apsheronsk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia. Está situada en las vertientes septentrionales del Cáucaso Occidental, en la orilla derecha del río Psheja, afluente del Bélaya, que lo es del Kubán, 11 km al sur de Apsheronsk y 98 km al sureste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 646 habitantes en 2010

Pertenece al municipio Novopoliánskoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Ширванская.
Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net .

Localidades del raión de Apsheronsk del krai de Krasnodar

Shirvanskaya


Der Europapokal der Landesmeister 1979/80 war die 19. Austragung des Wettbewerbs, bei der RK Radnički Belgrad zum zweiten Mal nach 1976 den Pokal gewinnen konnte. Mannschaften aus der Sowjetunion, der DDR, Polen und Ungarn nahmen am Wettbewerb, auf Grund der Olympischen Spiele 1980 in Moskau nicht teil.

Vorrunde

|}

Troyes OS, RK Radnički Belgrad, CS Știința Bacău, Svendborg HK, Íber Valencia, TSV Bayer 04 Leverkusen, TJ Inter Slovnaft Bratislava, Mora Swift Roermond, VIF G. Dimitrow Sofia, Skogn IL und Stockholmspolisens IF hatten ein Freilos und stiegen damit direkt in das Achtelfinale ein.

Achtelfinale

|}

Durch ein Freilos zog Stockholmspolisens IF direkt in das Viertelfinale ein.

Viertelfinale

|}

Halbfinale

|}

Finale
Das Hinspiel fand am 23. März 1980 in Belgrad und das Rückspiel am 30. März 1980 in Bratislava statt.

|}

Literatur

Weblinks

 http://todor66.com/handball/Euro_Cups/Women_CC_1980.html

Handball-Europapokal (Frauen)
Handballsaison 1979/80

Europapokal der Landesmeister (Handball) der Frauen 1979/80


Ricardo Maia Chaves de Souza (Ribeira do Pombal, 26 de Agosto de 1975), é um político filiado ao Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (MDB), eleito para o cargo de Deputado Federal pela Bahia.

Biografia
Foi eleito Vereador de Ribeira do Pombal em 2008, cidade no qual posteriormente seria eleito prefeito e re-eleito.

Elegendo um sucessor em 2020, Ricardo Maia se filia ao MDB e disputa para deputado federal, no qual se elegeu com a votação de 136.834 votos.

Referências

Naturais de Ribeira do Pombal
Deputados federais do Brasil pela Bahia
Políticos da Bahia

Membros do Agir (Brasil)
Membros do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (1980)
Membros do Partido Social Democrático (2011)
Membros do Partido Social Democrático (2011) da Bahia

Ricardo Maia


Nonactin is a member of a family of naturally occurring cyclic ionophores known as the macrotetrolide antibiotics. The other members of this homologous family are monactin, dinactin, trinactin and tetranactin which are all neutral ionophoric substances and higher homologs of nonactin. Collectively, this class is known as the nactins. Nonactin is soluble in methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and DMSO, but insoluble in water.

Sources
Nonactin is commercially available; as of 2006, these bacterial species produce nonactin: Streptomyces tsukubensis, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces chrysomallus and Streptomyces werraensis. Total syntheses have been reported.

Structure and properties
Nonactin was isolated by Corbaz et al. in 1955 from bacterial strains. It is composed of four tetrahydrofuran rings and four esters linked by saturated aliphatic chain sections. Nonactin has a 48-member ring, built from 40 carbon and 12 (8 on the ring, 4 as ketones) oxygen atoms. Despite the 16 stereogenic centers, Nonactin is a meso compound, and therefore achiral. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry offers a modern approach to obtain more detailed process control data than the spectrophotometric and chromatographic measurements used in the past.

Reactions
Nonactin is known for its ability to form complexes with alkali cations, most notably potassium and sodium. In general, nonactin (and other members of the nactin family) exhibits binding preferences for some ions over others. This ion selectivity is seen in other macrocyclic ligands, such as the cyclic ionophore valinomycin, which is also an antibiotic, and crown ethers. Although nonactin (and all nactins) exhibits an especially high cation selectivity for potassium ions over sodium ions or rubidium ions, it exhibits the highest selectivity for ammonium ions and thallium ions.  Due to this property, nonactin is also called "ammonium ionophore".

During complexation, the nonactin backbone convolutes into a pattern resembling the seam of a tennis ball. In the potassium-nonactin complex, the potassium ion is entirely surrounded by four carbonyl oxygen atoms and the four oxygen atoms of the tetrahydrofuran ring. These eight oxygen atoms surrounding the ion are nearly equidistant from it and adopt a nearly cubic coordination sphere around the ion. In this complex, all polar carbonyl groups point inwards and nonpolar moieties point outwards, thus building up a hydrophobic exterior for the complex and making it soluble in lipid membranes. This is how nonactin is able to transport potassium ions across lipid membranes.

Biological effects
Nonactin has been reported to specifically inhibit the processing of cytoplasmic precursor proteins destined for the mitochondria. It is able to uncouple the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria of rat liver in a low concentration, and can also carry cations across biological and artificial membranes.

A nactins mixture, purposely enriched in tetranactin and poor in nonactin, known as polynactin(C), was used as a pesticide, but since 2004 is not used any more, presumably because its residuals appeared in food.

Applications
Nactins have no known medical use. Ultrapure nonactin, practically free of other nactins, is used for ammonium-specific electrodes.

References

Further reading

Ionophores

Nonactin


Line Mc Murray, née le 6 juin 1954 à Saint-Alexis-des-Monts, est une écrivaine québécoise.

Biographie
Line Mc Murray détient un doctorat (1981) ainsi qu'un post-doctorat sur la pataphysique (1983) dont résulte Le Manifeste en jeu [ou] L'enjeu du manifeste coécrit avec Jeanne Demers (Le Préambule, 1986) avec qui elle publiera plusieurs autres titres.

En collaboration avec Demers, Mc Murray fait notamment paraître L'Inframanifeste illimité (Nouvelle Barre du Jour, 1987) ainsi qu'une série de trois titres qui porte sur le graffiti chez VLB éditeur (Montréal graffiti, 1987 ; Montréal graffitis bis, 1988 ; Graffiti et Loi 1, 1989).

Elle travaille pendant près de vingt ans à titre de gestionnaire de l'information documentaire chez Hydro-Québec. Elle est ensuite chargée de cours à l'Université de Montréal ainsi qu'à l'Université du Québec à Montréal en plus de rédiger des articles pour des revues et des magazines (La vie en rose, Parcours N, etc.).

Mc Murray exerce également les métiers de conseillère littéraire au Théâtre Ubu, de conseillère communication pour la revue Tangente, d'agent marketing au Théâtre du Nouveau Monde. Elle est aussi fondatrice et directrice du Site actuel de création et de recherche artistique en plus d'être responsables de revues et collaboratrice (Liberté, Études françaises, Cahiers Internationaux du Symbolisme, Teressa, etc).

En tant qu'écrivaine, elle publie notamment .../Fiction, as/phyxion, trans/fixion : simulation (Nouvelle Barre du Jour, 1985), Miss Morphose, de son petit nom Méta (Éditions du Noroît, 1988), Quatre leçons et deux devoirs de pataphysique : créativité et culture de la paix (Liber, 2001), Nous, les enfants : récits de quand j'étais petite, près du lac, dans la nature (Liber, 2004), La beauté des petites bêtes que personne n'aime (Liber, 2006) ainsi que Sacacomie (Québec Amérique, 2010). En collaboration avec Robert Ciesielski, elle fait paraître Des vies avides (Éditions Line & Robert, 2017) ainsi que Le portulan du Sacacomie (Éditions Line & Robert, 2018).

Très engagée au sein du milieu littéraire et artistique québécois depuis plus de quarante ans, Line Mc Murray participe à plusieurs événements, performances et lectures dont le Festi'MOTS, la Route de la poésie en Mauricie en 2011, l'exposition Cozic (Centre d'art de Longueuil) en 2009, Lecture-Spectacle 6ième Sens / La Poésie des femmes au Québec (conception-réalisation, au Spectrum de Montréal) en 1992.

Line Mc Murray conçoit, réalise et rédige aussi le Catalogue de l'Exposition, théâtre, cinéma sur La Pataphysique (en collaboration avec Sacra, Théâtre Ubu, Cinémathèque québécoise, Galerie de l'UQAM, etc.).

Elle est membre de l'Union des écrivaines et des écrivains québécois.

Line Mc Murray a fondé l'Académie québécoise de 'Pataphysique en 1989.

Œuvres

Poésie

 Bluff, Montréal, Nouvelle Barre du Jour, 1983, 12 f.
Long shot, Montréal, Nouvelle Barre du Jour, 1984, 9 f.

Le Torque, Montréal, Nouvelle Barre du Jour, 1985, 18 p.
.../Fiction, as/phyxion, trans/fixion : simulation, Montréal, Nouvelle Barre du Jour, 1985, 42 p.
Miss Morphose, de son petit nom Méta, Montréal, Éditions du Noroît, 1988, 123 p.

Fiction / Essais

Quatre leçons et deux devoirs de pataphysique : créativité et culture de la paix, Montréal, Liber, 2001, 197 p.
Nous, les enfants : récits de quand j'étais petite, près du lac, dans la nature, Montréal, Liber, 2004, 165 p.
La beauté des petites bêtes que personne n'aime, avec dessins de l'auteure, Montréal, Liber, 2006, 129 p.
Sacacomie, Montréal, Québec Amérique, 2010, 334 p.

Collaborations

 Le Manifeste en jeu [ou] L'enjeu du manifeste, en collaboration avec Jeanne Demers, Longueuil, Le Préambule, 1986, 157 p.
 L'Inframanifeste illimité, en collaboration avec Jeanne Demers, Montréal, Nouvelle Barre du Jour, 1987, 93 p.
 Montréal graffiti, en collaboration avec Jeanne Demers, Montréal, VLB éditeur, 1987, 140 p.
 Montréal graffiti bis, en collaboration avec Jeanne Demers, Montréal, VLB éditeur,1988, 132 p.
 Graffiti et Loi 101, en collaboration avec Jeanne Demers, Montréal, VLB éditeur, 1989, 50 p.
 Des vies avides, en collaboration avec Robert Ciesielski, Saint-Alexis-des-Monts, Éditions Line & Robert, 2017, 44 p.
Le portulan du Sacacomie, en collaboration avec Robert Ciesielski, avec la participation de Danielle Saint-Louis, Saint-Alexis-des-Monts, Éditions Line & Robert, 2018, 44 p.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Jeanne Demers
 Académie québécoise de 'Pataphysique
 Pataphysique
 VLB Éditeur
 Éditions du Noroît
 Québec Amérique
 Éditions Liber
 Théâtre du Nouveau Monde

Liens externes

Université du Québec à Montréal
Femme de lettres québécoise
Poétesse québécoise
Université de Montréal
Essayiste québécois
Pataphysique
Écrivain suivi par le projet Arts littéraires québécois

Line Mc Murray


Cornelis Benjamin Biezeno (* 2. März 1888 in Delft; † 5. September 1975 in Wageningen) war ein niederländischer Ingenieurwissenschaftler für Mechanik. Er wirkte als Professor an der Technischen Hochschule Delft.

Leben
Biezeno studierte 1904 bis 1909 (Abschluss cum laude) Maschinenbau an der TU Delft. Danach war er dort Assistent, zunächst für Maschinenbau, dann für Mathematik. 1914 wurde er Professor für Mechanik in Delft. 1937 bis 1938 und 1949 bis 1951 war er Rektor Magnificus der TU Delft.

Seine Technische Dynamik war zu seiner Zeit ein Standardwerk. Er gehörte zu den Organisatoren des ersten internationalen Kongresses für angewandte Mechanik in Delft 1924.

Zu seinen Doktoranden zählt Warner T. Koiter. Er war Ehrendoktor der Universitäten Gent, Amsterdam und der Freien Universität Brüssel.  1939 wurde er Mitglied der Königlich Niederländischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1960 erhielt er mit Richard Grammel die Timoschenko-Medaille. 1939 wurde er zum korrespondierenden Mitglied der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften gewählt; seit 1969 war er auswärtiges Mitglied der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR.

Schriften
mit Richard Grammel Technische Dynamik, Springer Verlag 1939, 2. Auflage in zwei Bänden 1953
mit Grammel Engineering Dynamics, 4 Bände, Glasgow: Blackie, 1955, 1956
Herausgeber mit Johannes Martinus Burgers Proceedings of the first congress of applied mechanics, Delft 1924, Delft, Waltman 1925

Weblinks
Biographie bei der Niederländischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

Einzelnachweise

Ingenieurwissenschaftler
Hochschullehrer (Technische Universität Delft)
Mitglied der Königlich Niederländischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Ehrendoktor der Universität Gent
Ehrendoktor der Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Ehrendoktor der Universität von Amsterdam
Mitglied der Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Mitglied der Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR
Niederländer
Geboren 1888
Gestorben 1975
Mann

Cornelis B. Biezeno


Tekke, Antalya ilinin Serik ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Oğuzların Anadoluya gelişinden önce 11.yy da bir kısmı müslüman diğer kısmı Hıristiyan ve şaman Peçenek Türklerinin bu bölgeye yerleştiği varsayılmaktadır, O zamanlar Peçenekler Bizans ordusunda paralı asker olarak bulunmaktaydılar,daha sonraları da Teke aşiretinden çeşitli oymakların  Sillyon civarına yerleştiği daha sonraki yıllarda da diğer yörükan taifelerinin bulunduğu bilinmektedir.Söylentilere göre Serik civarının son zamana kadar  en nüfuzlu mahallesi olmuşdu. Bunda Silyon ve etrafının antik devirlerden kalma önemi, Oğuzlardan önce de bölgede Türklerin ilk yurt tuttuğu yer oluşu ve yörük taifesinin bulunması ve son devirde de bir Tasavvuf merkezi haline gelişi bu köy ve etrafını önde gelen bir yöre yapmıştır. Tabii ki bu bilgiler Osmanlı kayıtlarından tetkik edilmelidir.''Serik'te Kadı yokken Tekke'de Kadı vardı.''  cümlesi mahallenin büyüklerinden sıkca duyulur.

Ayrıca mahallenin isminin geldiği Tekke ve Bali baba türbesi köy kadar meşhurdur.Rivayete göre Hacı Bektaş Veli hzlerinin talebelerinden biridir Bali baba, onun halifelerinden sonra son devre kadar burada tasavvuf şeyhleri bulunmuş.Son devirde şazeli-bedevi tarikatına mensup mutasavvıfların bulunduğu söylenmekdedir.

Coğrafya
Antalya il merkezine 30 km, Serik ilçesine 25 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Serik'in mahalleleri

Tekke, Serik


An Ophrys bombyliflora in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Friedrich Link. An Ophrys bombyliflora in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ophrys, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Ophrys

Ophrys bombyliflora


Andrés Pastrana Arango (born 17 August 1954) is a Colombian politician who was the 30th President of Colombia from 1998 to 2002, following in the footsteps of his father, Misael Pastrana Borrero, who was president from 1970 to 1974.

Early years
Pastrana was born on 17 August 1954 in Bogotá to Misael Pastrana Borrero, who later served as the 23rd President of Colombia, and María Cristina Arango Vega, the former First Lady of Colombia.

During his father's presidency, he was a high school student at Colegio San Carlos where he served as president of the student council and graduated in 1973. He later acquired a degree in law at the Our Lady of the Rosary University in 1977, and attended Harvard University as a 1978 Weatherhead Center for International Affairs Fellow. He founded the magazine Guión and a programadora known as Datos y Mensajes, whose flagship program was the newscast Noticiero TV Hoy. As a regular news anchor he became a nationally known figure.

In 1982, he formally began his political career by gaining a seat on the local Bogotá council. He also specialized in press articles on the production and trafficking of cocaine for which he gained many journalistic awards. In 1991, he was elected Senator.

Kidnapping by Medellín Cartel and elected Mayor of Bogotá

He was kidnapped on January 18, 1988, in Antioquia by the Medellín Cartel, which was pressuring the Colombian government into preventing the extradition of Pablo Escobar and other drug lords to the United States. He was found by the National Police a week later, and in March, he was elected Mayor of Bogotá, a position that he held until 1990.

First candidacy for President of Colombia
In 1994, he stood for the presidency against the Liberal candidate, Ernesto Samper, and lost by only 2% in the second round. Pastrana immediately accused Samper of using drug money to finance his campaign and provided audio recordings to the authorities that subsequently attracted much media attention and eventually led to a scandal known as 8.000 Process (Proceso 8.000).

While the accusation underwent a parliamentary investigation, Pastrana retired into his private life. In 1998, Pastrana announced his intention to run for president. This time, he won that year's presidential election.

President of Colombia (1998–2002)

His presidency is remembered for his negotiations with the two left-wing guerrilla groups FARC and ELN, culminating in the grant of a demilitarized safe haven to the guerrillas the size of Switzerland, and for his breaking off the negotiations. It is also remembered for a growing degree of unpopularity in polls as his term progressed. Some critics accused him of possibly accepting unspecified bribes from leading FARC and ELN members, but no concrete evidence of that was presented during his presidency. He was also heavily criticized for all the seemingly-pleasure trips that he took around the world during his term.

In 1999, he and U.S. President Bill Clinton launched Plan Colombia to fight the communist guerrillas with the payment by the United States of $1.6 billion over three years to the Colombian army. An amendment quickly emphasized the plan's second function: to encourage foreign investment by "insisting that the Colombian government complete the urgent reforms designed to open its economy completely to foreign investment and trade."

Military counterguerrilla operations cause the forced displacement of more than one million people in four years. Cocaine production increased by 47% during that period.'

Ambassador of Colombia to the United States

In 2005 President Álvaro Uribe Vélez, who had been a critic of Pastrana's peace process with the FARC and had received criticisms from Pastrana regarding his negotiations with Colombian paramilitary groups, surprisingly offered the former president the post of Ambassador to the United States in Washington, DC. After consulting his family and his political supporters, Pastrana accepted.

Some political analysts theorized that Uribe considered that Pastrana would be a useful diplomat in Washington because he would help to renegotiate Plan Colombia and in general to maintain U.S. aid to Colombia, which has contributed to the successes of the Uribe administration.

Resignation
In July 2006, a few days after Uribe had appointed former President Ernesto Samper as Colombian ambassador to France, Pastrana told Uribe that he was "morally impeded" from participating in a government along with ex-President Samper. Pastrana resigned and returned to Colombia, and Samper rejected his own appointment. However, that move was not well received by the Conservative Party, which was committed to Uribe, who had won the presidency as an independent, and left Pastrana alone.

Other activities
Pastrana is a board member in the International Foundation for Electoral Systems, and the honorary president of the Union of Latin American Parties (UPLA). He is also a member of the Fondation Chirac's honour committee, and of the Club de Madrid, a group of more than 80 former leaders of democratic countries, which works to strengthen democratic leadership worldwide. Pastrana also serves on the board of advisors for the Global Panel Foundation, and as a counsellor for the One Young World Dublin summit in 2014, along with four other former presidents from Latin American countries.

He now maintains a distant and hostile relation with his own party, even referring to it as "absolutely corrupt". He has also levied accusations of corruption against two of the most prominent party leaders, Efraín Cepeda and Hernán Andrade.

He campaigns in 2016 against the peace agreements signed between the Colombian government and the guerrilla.

He is a signatory of the Madrid Charter launched in 2020 by the Spanish party Vox to unite the radical right in Spain and Latin America against "narco-communism, the left and organized crime."

In October 2021, his name was mentioned in the Pandora Papers as the owner of a company located in Panama, a country considered a tax haven, through which he makes investments in Colombia.

Awards and honors
In 2013, Pastrana was awarded the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award jointly by the Prague Society for International Cooperation and Global Panel Foundation.

Foreign honours
 Spain:
 Knight of the Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (1999)
 Malaysia:
 Honorary Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (2001)
 Poland:
  Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (2002)

Popular culture
 Pastrana was an guest star in TV Soap Opera Yo soy Betty, la fea.
 Andrés Pastrana is portrayed by the actor Andrés Ogilvie in TV Series Escobar, el Patrón del Mal.
 In TV series Tres Caínes is portrayed by Andrés Suárez as the character of Antonio Arango.
 In TV Series En la boca del lobo is portrayed by an unknon model as the character of Esteban Aldana.

See also
List of kidnappings
Plan Colombia
List of solved missing person cases

References

Web pages
 El Colombiano - President Pastrana's job performance
 El Tiempo - President Uribe and ambassador Pastrana meet
 El Tiempo - Ex president Pastrana accuses Constitutional Court

External links

Biography by CIDOB  (in Spanish)

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

1954 births
Andres
Children of presidents of Colombia
Harvard University alumni
20th-century Colombian lawyers
Colombian television journalists
Colombian Conservative Party politicians
Ambassadors of Colombia to the United States
Living people
Mayors of Bogotá
Presidents of Colombia
Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic
Recipients of the Order of the Liberator General San Martin
Kidnapped Colombian people
Secretaries-General of the Non-Aligned Movement
People named in the Pandora Papers

Andrés Pastrana Arango


An Lindmania lateralis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Lyman Bradford Smith ngan Robert William Read, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Lyman Bradford Smith och Harold Ernest Robinson. An Lindmania lateralis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lindmania, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Lindmania

Lindmania lateralis


The Patient  é uma série limitada de suspense psicológico americana criada por Joel Fields e Joe Weisberg para o FX on Hulu. A série é composta por dez episódios e estreou em 30 de agosto de 2022.

O drama vai estrear no Brasil, no streaming Star+, em 21 de dezembro de 2022.

Sinopse
Um terapeuta (Steve Carell) é mantido em cativeiro por um serial killer (Domhnall Gleeson) que procura ajuda para conter seus impulsos homicidas.

Elenco e personagens

Principal
 Steve Carell como Alan Strauss, um terapeuta de luto pela recente morte de sua esposa
 Domhnall Gleeson como Sam Fortner, um serial killer e novo paciente de Alan
 Linda Emond como Candace Fortner, mãe de Sam

Recorrente
 Andrew Leeds como Ezra Strauss, o filho distante de Alan e Beth
 Laura Niemi como Beth Strauss, a esposa recentemente falecida de Alan
 David Alan Grier como Charlie Addison, ex-terapeuta de Alan
 Alex Rich como Elias, um homem mantido em cativeiro por Sam

Episódios

Produção

Desenvolvimento
Em outubro de 2021, a série foi anunciada e recebeu um pedido de dez episódios. Steve Carell foi escolhido para estrelar e produzir a série limitada. Joel Fields, Joe Weisberg, Caroline Moore e Victor Hsu também atuam como produtores executivos. Fields e Weisberg também atuam como escritores e criadores. Chris Long ingressou como diretor dos dois primeiros episódios e produtor executivo em janeiro de 2022.

Seleção de elenco
Juntamente com o anúncio da série, Steve Carell foi escalado. Domhnall Gleeson, Linda Emond, Laura Niemi e Andrew Leeds foram escalados em janeiro de 2022. Em fevereiro de 2022, Alex Rich e David Alan Grier foram escalados para papéis recorrentes.

Filmagens
As filmagens começaram em meados de janeiro de 2022 em Los Angeles.

Recepção
No site agregador de críticas Rotten Tomatoes, a série possui um índice de aprovação de 86% com uma classificação média de 7.1/10, com base em 43 críticas. O consenso dos críticos do site é: "Embora The Patient possa testar a paciência dos espectadores estendendo demais sua presunção matadora, o melhor trabalho da carreira de Domhnall Gleeson e Steve Carell faz com que esta sessão de terapia valha a pena. No Metacritic, que usa um média ponderada, a série recebeu uma pontuação de 74 em 100 com base em 29 críticas, indicando "críticas geralmente favoráveis".

Segundo o site Diário de Séries, Steve Carell é o grande destaque da minissérie, no melhor da forma dele: "O que O Paciente tem de precioso, para quem está acostumado a ver Steve Carell dentro de tramas de humor, é a atuação dramática nota 10 [do ator]".

Referência

Ligações externas
 The Patient no FX

Programas de televisão dos Estados Unidos que estrearam em 2022
Séries de televisão de drama da década de 2020
Séries de televisão de drama dos Estados Unidos
Séries de televisão de suspense dos Estados Unidos
Programas de televisão em língua inglesa
Programação original do FX on Hulu

The Patient


Andrew Shovlin (Liverpool, 1 de novembro de 1973), é um engenheiro britânico. Ele é atualmente o diretor de engenharia de pista da equipe de Fórmula 1 da Mercedes.

Carreira
Shovlin se formou na Universidade de Leeds em 1998, após completar um bacharelato em engenharia mecânica, seguido por um PhD em dinâmica e controle de veículos. Shovlin começou sua carreira na British American Racing (BAR) em 1999. Entre 2004 e 2009, Shovlin trabalhou para a BAR, e mais tarde para a Honda e Brawn GP como engenheiro de corrida de Jenson Button. Em 2010, ele foi nomeado engenheiro de corrida de Michael Schumacher na equipe da Mercedes. Ele foi promovido ao cargo de diretor de engenharia de pista em 2011, cargo que mantém até hoje. A função atual de Shovlin consiste em extrair o máximo desempenho de ambos os carros em qualquer fim de semana de corrida. Ele trabalha em estreita colaboração com as equipes de engenharia em ambos os lados da garagem da Mercedes e os grupos de desempenho em Brackley para garantir que os dois carros se beneficiem das melhores informações disponíveis em um fim de semana.

Engenheiros automotivos do Reino Unido
Pessoas da Fórmula 1
Naturais de Liverpool

Andrew Shovlin


ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණවේදය යනු ජෛව වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාවෙහි ශාඛාවක් වන අතර, එමගින් සියළුම ජීවි විශේෂවල ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ පද්ධති පිළිබදව අධ්‍යයනය කෙරේ. එමගින් නිරෝගි සහ රෝගී අවස්තාවන්හි දී ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණයෙහි භෞතික ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වය ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ රෝග වලදී (ස්ව-ප්‍රතිශක්ති රෝග, අධි ආසාත්මිකතා, ප්‍රතිශක්ති ඌණතා, බද්ධ කල අවයව ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කිරීම වැනි) සහ ප්‍රතිශක්තීකරණ පද්ධතිය තුළ හා ඉන් පිටත රසායනික හා භෞතික ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවන් පිළිබදව හදාරයි. ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ විද්‍යාව වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාව තුළ විවිධ යොදා ගැනීම් වල ප‍ාත්‍ර වී ඇත. තවද මෙය තවදුරටත් විවිද අංග වලට බෙදී පවතියි.

සාම්ප්‍රදායික ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණවේදය
මෙය වෛද්‍ය ක්ෂේත්‍ර හා බැදී පවතියි. එමගින් දේහ පද්ධති, ව්‍යාධි ජනකයින් සහ ප්‍රතිශක්තිය අතර ඇති සම්බන්ධතාවය පිළිබද අධ්‍යයනය කෙරේ. ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ පිළිබද මුල් යුග වල දී රචිත ලේඛනයන් වනුයේ ක්‍රි.පූ. 430 දී ඇතැන්ස් නුවර පැවති මහාමාරිය වසංගතය පිළිබදව සදහන් වූවකි. මෙහි දී සදහන්වී ඇති අන්දමට රෝගය ඇතිවී සුව වූ පුද්ගලයන් හට නැවත රෝගය ඇති  නොවී රෝගි අයහට ප්‍රතිකාර කිරීමට හැකියාවක් ඇත. බොහෝ පුරාණ සමාජයන්හි පවා මෙම සංකල්පය පිළිබදව අවබෝධයක් තිබුණ ද 19 සහ 20 වන ශතවර්ශයෙහි ඉහත සදහන් කල සොයාගැනීම් අවශ්‍යවන තෙක් එය විද්‍යාත්මක සිද්ධාන්තයක් බවට සංවර්ධනය වී නොතිබුණි.

ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ විද්‍යාවේ ප්‍රධාන අංගයන් වනුයේ ප්‍රතිශක්ති කරන පද්ධතියෙහි සෛල කොටස්වල සහ අණුවල ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වයන් සහ කෘත්‍යයන් පිළිබදව අධ්‍යයනය කිරීමයි. ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ පද්ධතියෙහි සෛල කොටස්වල සහ අණුවල ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වය සහ කෘත්‍යයන් පිළිබද අධ්‍යයනය කිරීමයි. සහජ ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ පද්ධතිය හා (Innate immune System) අත්කරගත් හෝ අනුගත වන ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ පද්ධතිය (acquired or adaptive immune System) ලෙසයි. පසුව සදහන් කල පද්ධතිය නැවතත් 'ප්‍රතිදේහමය' සහ (humoral) 'සෛලමය' (cellular) ලෙසට කොටස් දෙකකට බෙදේ.

ප්‍රතිදේහ මගින් පාලනය වන (humoral) ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවන් ප්‍රතිදේහ හා ප්‍රතිදේහ ජනක අතර අන්තර් ප්‍රතික්‍රියා සිදුවීමෙන් ඇතිවේ. ප්‍රතිදේහ යනු ප්‍රතිශක්ති සෛල (B වස‍ා සෛල) මගින් මුදා හරින විශේෂ ප්‍රෝටීන වර්ගයකි. ප්‍රතිදේහ ජනක යනු ප්‍රතිදේහ නිෂ්පාදනය කිරීමේ හැකියාව ඇති ඕනෑම ද්‍රව්‍යයන්ය. එබැවින් ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ විද්‍යාව යනු මෙම ජෛව විද්‍යාත්මක අංගයන් පිළිබදව අවබෝධයක් ලබාගන්නා විද්‍යාවකි. කෙසේ වුව ද මේ හා සමානවම වැදගත් අංගයක් වනුයේ සෛල මගින් ඇති කරන ප්‍රතිචාරයන්ය (Cellular response). මෙමගින් ප්‍රතිදේහ මගින් වන ප්‍රතික්‍රියාවන් පාලනයට අමතරව ආසාදිත සෛල විනාශ කිරීමට උපකාරී වේ. මෙම පද්ධති දෙකම එකිනෙකා මත යැපෙමින් ප්‍රතික්‍රියා දක්වයි. 21 වන ශතවර්ෂයේ දී ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ විද්‍යාවේ සියලුම විශේෂ අවකාශයන්හි පර්යේෂණ ඇත්වීමත් සමග එහි නිම්වළලු පුළුල් විය. සෛල, අවයව සහ පද්ධතිවල ප්‍රතිශක්තීකරණ ක්‍රියාවලි පිළිබද අධ්‍යයනය කිරීම මෙහිදී සිදු කෙරිණ. තවද ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ පද්ධතියෙන් පිට සිදුවන ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ ක්‍රියා පිළිබදව  හැදෑරේ.

සායනික ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණවේදය

සායනික ප්‍රතිශක්ති විද්‍යාව යනු ප්‍රතිශක්ති කරන පද්ධතියේ අක්‍රමිකතා නිසා හටගන්නා රෝග පිළිබඳව සිදුකරන අධ්‍යයනයයි. (ප්‍රතිශක්ති කරන පද්ධතිය නිසි පරිදි ක්‍රියාකිරීමට අපොහොසත් වන අවස්ථා, අමතර ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වයන් සහ එහි සෛල කොටස්වල අසාමාන්‍ය වර්ධනය) මෙමගින් අනෙකුත් පද්ධතියන්හි රෝග ලක්ෂණ ඇති කිරීම සඳහා ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ ක්‍රියාකාරීත්වයන් මුල්වන අවස්තාවන් පිළිබඳව ද අධ්‍යයනය කෙරේ.

ප්‍රතිශක්ති කරන පද්ධතියේ අක්‍රමිකතා නිසා ඇති වන රෝග කොටස් දෙකකට පුළුල් වශයෙන් කොටස් දෙකකට බෙදේ. ඒවානම් ප්‍රතිශක්ති කරන පද්ධතියේ ඇතැම් කොටස් ප්‍රමාණවත් පරිදි ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ ප්‍රතිචාර දැක්වීම‍ට අපොහොසත් වන ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ ඌණතා තත්වයන් සහ (උදා - Chronic gramulomatous disease) අදාල පුද්ගලයාගේ සිරුර තුළ ඇති සෛලවලට එරෙහිව ස්වයං ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණයක් ඇතිවන ස්වයං ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණ තත්වයයි. (උදා - Systemic lupus erythematosus, රුමටොයිඩ් හන්දි ප්‍රදාහය, හෂිමොටෝ රෝගය සහ උග්‍රපේශි දුර්වලතාවය හෙවත් මයස්තීනියා ග්‍රාවිස් නම් රෝග තත්වයයි. ප්‍රතිශක්ති පද්ධතියේ වෙනත් දුර්වලතා වනුයේ විවිධ ආසාත්මික තත්වයන්ය. මෙහි දී හානිකර නොවන නොයෙකුත් සංඝටකයන් වෙත ප්‍රතිශක්ති කරන පද්ධතිය අසාමාන්‍ය ලෙස තදින් ප්‍රතිචාර දක්වයි. (උදා - ඇදුම සහ වෙනත් ආසාත්මික ද්‍රව්‍ය)

ප්‍රතිශක්ති කරන පද්ධතිය කෙරෙහි බලපාන ප්‍රසිද්ධ රෝගයක් වනුයේ HIV වෛරසය මගින් ඇති කරන ඒඩ්ස් රෝගයයි. ඒඩ්ස් යනු CD4+("උපකාර") සෛල, T සෛල සහ මහාභක්ෂානු සෛල HIV වෛරසය මගින් විනාශයට පත් කරනු ලබන ප්‍රතිශක්ති කරන ඌණතා රෝගයකි.

සායනික ප්‍රතිශක්ති වේදියෙකු බද්ධ කරන ලද අවයව සිරුර මගින් ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කිරීම වැළක්වීම පිළිබඳව අධ්‍යයනය කරයි.

ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණවේදය
Subjects taught in medical school

ප්‍රතිශක්තිකරණවේදය


Asterarcys, monotipski rod zelenih algi iz porodice Scenedesmaceae, dio potporodice Coelastroideae. Jedina vrsta je slatkovodna alga iz Kube, Filipina (Luzon) i Indije A. quadricellularis

Sinonimi
 Coelastrum quadricellulare K.Behre 1956
 Suxenella crucigeneiformis P.Srivastava & Nizam 1969
 Crucigenia mitrae G.L.Tiwari & D.C.Pandey 1971
 Asterarcys cubensis Comas Gonzales 1981
 Suxenella mitrae (G.L.Tiwari & D.C.Pandey) Fott 1981

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Vrste Scenedesmaceae

Asterarcys quadricellularis


Sanctuary 1985 yılında Washington, Seattle'da kurulmuş bir heavy metal grubudur. Grubun kadrosu Warrel Dane (vokal), Lenny Rutledge (gitar), Sean Blosl (gitar), Jim Sheppard (bas) ve davulda Dave Budbill şeklindedir.

Sanctuary'de çalmaya başlamadan önce Warrel Dane, heavy metal gruplarından Serpent's Knight'ın vokalistiydi ve bu grupla beraber 1983 yılında birde albüm çıkarmıştı.1985 yıllarında ise Jim Sheppard, vokalist Layne Staley (sonradan Alice in Chains'e geçti) ile birlikte hair metal gruplarından Sleeze'de çalıyordu.

Grup 1986 yılında bir demo yayımladı.Bu demo başarılı bir çalışmaydı ve 1987 yılında grup Epic Records ile anlaşma imzaladı.Aynı yıl grup ilk albümleri olan Refuge Denied'ı yayımladı.Bu albümün prodüktörlüğünü tanınmış thrash metal gruplarından Megadeth'in lideri Dave Mustaine yaptı. Peşindende Megadeth ve Alman grup Warlock ile beraber yapılan bir turne geldi.

Turneden sonra 1990 yılında grup, ikinci ve son albümleri olan Into the Mirror Black'i çıkarmak için stüdyoya girdi. Albümdeki Future Tense isimli parça için klip çekildi ve bu klip MTV'nin Headbanger's Ball isimli programında yayınlandı. Tur esnasında (Forbidden ve Death Angel grupları ile yapılan) gitarist Sean Blosl gruptan ayrıldı ve yerine Jeff Loomis getirildi.

Kısa süre sonra, gitgide büyüyen Seattle grunge sahnesine ayak uydurması için Epic Records'un grup üzerine baskı yapması, grup üyeleri arasında anlaşmazlıklar doğurdu(grubun müzikal anlayışı konusunda). Ve sonrasında 1991 yılında grubun resmi olarak dağıldığı açıklandı. Epic Records son olarak Into the Mirror Live adında bir live albüm yayımladı ve anlaşmayı bitirdi.

Grubun dağılmasından sonra Warrel Dane, Jim Sheppard ve Jeff Loomis 1992 yılında Nevermore adlı grubu kurdu. Dave Budbill dine yöneldi.Bununla birlikte Warrel Dane'in solo projesinde çalışıyor. Sean Blosl ise bağımsız olarak müzik ve film işleriyle uğraşıyor. Lenny Rutledge müzik prodüktörlüğü yapıyor ve kendisine ait bir stüdyosu var. Ayrıca Nevermore'a 1999 yılında çıkarmış oldukları Dreaming Neon Black isimli albümün demo kısımlarında yardım etti.

Klasik kadrosu
 Warrel Dane - Vokal
 Lenny Rutledge - Gitar
 Sean Blosl - Gitar
 Jim Sheppard - Bas
 Dave Budbill - Davul

Diskografi
 Refuge Denied (1987)
 Into the Mirror Black (1990)
 Into the Mirror Live (1991)
 The Year The Sun Died (2014)
 Transmutation (2020)

Amerikalı thrash metal grupları
Amerikalı power metal grupları
Amerikalı speed metal grupları
Amerikalı progresif metal grupları
1985'te kurulan müzik grupları
1991'de feshedilmiş oluşumlar
2010'da yeniden kurulan müzik grupları

Sanctuary


Jésus Escacho Alarcon, est un joueur de pétanque espagnol.

Biographie

Clubs

 ?- : La Salceda de Las Torres de Castillas (Espagne)

Palmarès

Jeunes

Championnats d'Europe
 Finaliste -18ans
 Tir de précision 2018 :  Équipe d'Espagne
 Troisième -18 ans
 Triplette 2018 (avec Antonio Jimenez, Juan J Poras et Ismael Vazquez) :  Équipe d'Espagne

Championnats d'Espagne
 Tête à tête 2018

Séniors

Championnats du Monde
 Finaliste
 Triplette 2021 (avec Javier Cardenas Villaverde, Alejandro Cardenas Villaverde et José Luis Guasch Orozco) :  Équipe d'Espagne
 Troisième
 Tir de précision 2021 :  Équipe d'Espagne
vainqueur
Champion du monde, finaliste tête à tête 2022 au Danemark

Championnats d'Espagne
 Champion d'Espagne
 Tir de précision 2021
 Finaliste
 Tête à tête 2019

Références

Liens externes

Joueur espagnol de pétanque
Lieu de naissance inconnu
Article à illustrer Pétanque

Jésus Escacho Alarcon


Cree er et indfødt folkeslag i Canada og det nordlige USA. De er bosatte mellem Rocky Mountains og Atlanten. De udgør i dag den største gruppe af First Nations i Canada. Deres sprog, cree, er et algonkinsprog og var en gang det mest talte sprog i den nordlige del af Nordamerika. I dag taler mange creefolk fransk og engelsk lettere end deres oprindelige sprog. En gren af cree-stammen rykkede ud på prærien sidst i 1600-tallet og blev til plains cree.

USA
Inden franske og engelske bosættere begyndte at strømme ind på creeindianernas traditionelle områder, var cree venlige bisonjægere og allierede med siouxfolket assiniboine. I dag lever størstedelen af creeindianerne i USA sammen med ojibwa i indianerreservatet Rocky Boy Indian Reservation.

Canada

Cree er den største gruppe First Nations i Canada med mere end 200.000 medlemmer. At antallet af medlemmer er så stort beror formodentlig for en stor del på deres traditionelle åbenhed omkring giftermål mellem medlemmer af forskellige stammer. Den største creestamme, samtidig den næststørste First Nations-stamme i Canada efter Six Nations Iroquois, er Lac La Ronge Band i det nordlige Saskatchewan. Métis er en gruppe med blandet cree og europæisk oprindelse. I videre betydning kan termen bruges om alle mennesker med blandet oprindelse fra noget amerikansk urfolk og noget europæisk land.

Grand Council of the Crees i Québec kalder deres hjemland for Eeyou Istchee ("Folkets land"). Dets leder (Grand Chief) er Matthew Mukash, tidligere vice-Grand Chief under Ted Moses og derefter ordførende i styrelsen i de nordligste creesamfunds Whapmagoostui Eeyou Entreprise Development Corporation. Mukash regnes som traditionalist. Han bekæmpede Great Whale Project sammen med Matthew Coon Come og Billy Diamond i 1990'erne. Han tilhørte også dem som modsatte sig undertegnelsen af Paix de Braves.

Trosforestillninger
Creestammerne i Canadas skove og på de amerikanske sletter ærede ånder i forbindelse med jagten. Jordens ånd var alle dyrs mor. De havde også en idé om et mindre veldefineret himmelvæsen. Naturen blev set som en integreret helhed, hvor dyrene kunne gengive historier og legender af vindene og de fire kardinalretninger var almindelige.

I Crees åndelige liv var et tæt forhold mellem forfædre og de levende, af stor betydning. Forfædrene var altid lige ved hånden og stammens shaman tog ofte en trancetilstand for at besøge 'landet med de døde'.

Creeindianernas mytologi ændrede sig grundlæggende efter kontakten med de europæiske bosættere og handlende, og de gik til landbruget.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 The Concise Encyclopedia of the American Indian, Wings Books: New York, 2000,
 Steller, Lea-Katharina (geb. Virághalmy): Alkalmazkodni és újat adni – avagy "accomodatio" a paleográfiában  In: Paleográfiai kalandozások. Szentendre, 1995.

 Canadian Geographics
 Grand Council of the Crees (GCC)
 Lac La Ronge Band

Etniske grupper i Canada
Algonkiner

Cree


Metzeler je njemačka tvrtka za proizvodnju motociklističkih guma osnovana 1863. godine. Metzeler je izvorno proizvodio različite proizvode od gume i plastike, a 1890. godine proširio se na proizvodnju za avijaciju i proizvodnju automobilskih i motociklističkih guma 1892. god. Tvrtka je razorena tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata i ponovo izgrađena nakon rata. Tijekom 1950-tih i 1960-tih godina američki distributer Metzeler guma bio je Berliner Motor Corporation. Od 1979. godine Metzeler se usredotočio samo na proizvodnju motociklističkih guma, a 1979. godine preuzela ga je tvrtka Pirelli.

Njemačke tvrtke

Metzeler


Voyage je deveti studijski album švedskog sastava ABBA. Diskografske kuće Polar Music i Universal Music objavile su ga 5. studenoga 2021. Prvi je album s novim pjesmama skupine nakon albuma The Visitors (iz 1981.) i njezina raspada 1982.

Album je najavljen 2. rujna 2021. u prijenosu uživo na YouTubeu. Godine 2018. članovi ABBA-e najavili su da su snimili dvije pjesme, "I Still Have Faith in You" i "Don't Shut Me Down", koje su naknadno postale glavni singlovi s albuma. Skupina je također izjavila da će 27. svibnja 2022. u londonskom Queen Elizabeth Olympic Parku biti održan koncert na kojem će nastupati digitalizirani avatari njezinih članova uz pratnju deseteročlanog sastava.

Mrežno mjesto abbavoyage.com pokrenuto je 26. kolovoza 2021., u Londonu su postavljeni reklamni plakati, a računi na društvenim medijima pod imenom "ABBA Voyage" prenosili su obavijesti o skorašnjoj najavi.

Sadrži deset pjesama, od kojih su dvije, "Just a Notion" i "Bumblebee", prethodno bile objavljene u sklopu medleyja demosnimki "ABBA Undeleted" s box seta Thank You for the Music iz 1994.

O albumu

Pozadina
Nakon raspada 1982. ABBA se ponovno okupila 6. lipnja 2016.; tog je dana na privatnoj zabavi u Stockholmu odsvirala pjesmu "The Way Old Friends Do". Dvije godine poslije, u travnju 2018., članovi sastava izjavili su da su snimili dvije nove pjesme, "I Still Have Faith in You" i "Don't Shut Me Down".

Te su pjesme izvorno snimljene za posebnu televizijsku emisiju NBC-ja i BBC-ja, no grupa ih je naknadno odlučila iskoristiti za turneju "ABBAtar" najavljenu nekoliko mjeseca prije.

ABBAtari
Digitalni avatari članova sastava koji će se pojaviti na koncertu, neslužbeno nazvani "ABBAtarima" ("ABBAtars"), prvi su put najavljeni u rujnu 2017.; Benny Andersson izjavio je da će im biti potrebno neko vrijeme za izradu lica, a Ulvaeus je komentirao da ga oduševljava tehnološki napredak. Turneja je izvorno trebala početi 2019., no zbog tehničkih poteškoća i pandemije koronavirusa odgođena je do 2022. ABBAtari se služe istom tehnologijom uz pomoć koje je 2012. izrađen pseudohologram Tupaca Shakura, a uz te će avatare nastupati i koncertna skupina. Sami su članovi sastava nosili odijela za praćenje pokreta tijekom izrade avatara, a za grafiku je zaslužan Industrial Light & Magic.

Popis pjesama

Uspon na ljestvicama
I Still Have Faith In You i Don't Shut Me Down uspele su se u Top Ten u nekoliko europskih država. U Švicarskoj i Švedskoj pjesma Don't Shut Me Down zauzela je prvo mjesto singlova.

To je prvi put da se ABBA popela na prvo mjesto švedske ljestvice singlova još od pjesme "Summer Night City" 1978.

Izvori

Albumi sastava ABBA
Albumi iz 2021.

Voyage


Konvekcija (kasnolat. convectio: prijenos) može biti:
 konvekcija, u fizici, je prijenos topline strujanjem fluida (plinova ili tekućina) i možemo ga nazvati toplinsko strujanje.
 prirodna konvekcija nastaje kada se u dodiru s izvorom topline fluid zagrije, smanji mu se gustoća i počine se gibati u smjeru suprotnom od smjera gravitacije i udaljavati od izvora topline. Odvija se na primjer u Zemljinoj atmosferi, unutrašnjosti Sunca, posudi napunjenoj vodom koja se zagrijava na štednjaku i drugom.
 nametnuta ili prisilna konvekcija nastaje kada se strujanje fluida u sustavima grijanja ili hlađenja u industriji ili domaćinstvima pospješuje miješalicama, crpkama (pumpama) i slično.
 konvekcija (meteorologija), u meteorologiji, je prijenos topline strujanjem zraka u više slojeve atmosfere. Razlikuje se slobodna konvekcija, koja nastaje zbog razlika u gustoći zraka, i prisilna konvekcija, na primjer pri dizanju zraka uz padine brda. Dizanjem uvis zrak se pri konvekciji hladi za 1 °C na svakih 100 m dizanja, a spuštanjem se za isto toliko ugrije. Nastane li konvekcijskim strujanjem kondenzacija, hlađenje je, zbog oslobađanja topline isparavanja, sporije. Osobito jake konvekcijske struje razvijaju se ljeti iznad kontinenta, kada se tlo Sunčevim zračenjem jako ugrije ili kada hladni zrak dođe nad toplo more. U takvim konvekcijskim strujama razviju se često konvekcijski oblaci (kumulus, kumulonimbus). Zbog konvekcijskih strujanja morske vode zimi se mora umjerenih zemljopisnim širina manje hlade od kopna. Morskoj se vodi na površini ohlađivanjem povećava gustoća, pa se spušta prema dnu, a nadomješta ju toplija, rjeđa voda iz većih dubina.
 konvekcija (oceanografija), u oceanografiji, prenošenje topline strujanjem morske vode prema površini. Zbog konvekcijskih strujanja zimi se mora umjerenih zemljopisnim širina manje hlade od kopna. Morskoj se vodi na površini ohlađivanjem povećava gustoća, pa se spušta prema dnu, a nadomješta ju toplija, rjeđa voda iz većih dubina.

Izvori

Konvekcija (razdvojba)


Kuzyaka, Alanya - Antalya ili Alanya ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kuzyaka, Milas - Muğla ili Milas ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kuzyaka, Kangal - Sivas ili Kangal ilçesine bağlı köy

Kuzyaka