La charge de la cavalerie Savoia à Izbushensky ou bataille d'Izbushensky est un affrontement entre le 3 régiment de cavalerie italien Savoia et le 812 régiment d'infanterie sibérienne soviétique, s'étant déroulé le 24 août 1942, près du hameau (khutor) d'Izbushensky (Избушенский), près de la jonction des cours d'eau Don et Khoper. Bien qu'il s'agisse d'une escarmouche mineure sur le front de l'Est, la charge d'Izbushensky eut une grande résonance de propagande en Italie, et on se souvient encore d'elle comme de la dernière charge de cavalerie importante de l'histoire.

Contexte
Le 20 août, les Soviétiques lancent une offensive sur le Don. La  ne peut résister à l'attaque ennemie et en deux jours, elle est mise en déroute. Le régiment de cavalerie italien Savoia sous le commandement du colonel comte Alessandro Bettoni Cazzago, soit 700 hommes en tout, est envoyé comme force de secours dans la région, avec l'ordre d'occuper la . Dans la soirée du 23 août, elle campe à 1 000 mètres de son objectif, prête à l'occuper le lendemain matin. Dans la nuit, trois bataillons du 812 régiment d'infanterie sibérienne soviétique, environ 2 000 hommes, se déploient sur l'objectif. Ils se retranchent en arc de cercle face au camp italien distant de 800 mètres avec un front d'environ 1 000 mètres de large, attendant le lever du soleil pour attaquer.

La charge
Le 24 août à 03 h 30 du matin, une patrouille à cheval italienne, déployée pour reconnaître l'objectif, prend contact avec les Soviétiques. Ayant perdu l'effet de surprise, les Soviétiques ouvrent le feu sur toute la ligne. Sous le feu ennemi et rencontrant un terrain particulièrement favorable, le colonel Bettoni ordonne une charge de cavalerie orthodoxe avec des sabres tirés, des armes légères et des grenades à main, face à l'infanterie soviétique déployée et enfouie. Tandis que les deux batteries d'artillerie à cheval (dites  ou voloire en piémontais) déploient rapidement leurs huit pièces et ouvrent le feu, la compagnie antichar et l'escadron de mitrailleuses se déploient à l'avant du camp italien et commencent à riposter. Bettoni ordonne au 2 escadron (100 cavaliers) d'attaquer le flanc gauche soviétique via un ravin qui s'ouvre brusquement sur le côté gauche des Soviétiques. Sous le commandement du capitaine De Leone, l'escadron procède à une manœuvre sinueuse à travers le ravin, réussissant à engager les Soviétiques à l'extrémité gauche du front, à le déborder et à le prendre d'assaut longitudinalement avec des sabres tirés.

Le caporal Lolli, incapable de dégainer (son sabre étant coincé dans son fourreau), charge en tenant haut une grenade à main ; le trompettiste Carenzi, devant manier à la fois l'instrument et le pistolet, tire involontairement sur son propre cheval dans la tête. Certains chevaux, même après avoir été touchés à plusieurs reprises par des balles, ont continué à avancer sur des centaines de mètres, perdant du sang à chaque galopement avant de s'effondrer soudainement peu de temps après leur mort réelle. Après avoir franchi à peu près la moitié de la ligne soviétique, l'effectif de l'escadron était déjà réduit de moitié et le commandant avait lui-même perdu son cheval.

Se rendant compte que le 2 escadron subissait de lourdes pertes, et voyant à travers ses jumelles que les tirailleurs soviétiques, après le passage des cavaliers au-dessus de leurs « trous de renard », se levèrent et leur tirèrent dans le dos, le colonel Bettoni ordonna au 4 escadron de descendre de cheval et de lancer une attaque frontale. Cela permettrait au 2 escadron de se regrouper derrière les lignes soviétiques et de lancer une charge de retour. Le 4 escadron était dirigé par le capitaine Silvano Abbà, qui fut tué à la tête de ses hommes. Il reçut à titre posthume la Médaille d'or de la vaillance militaire. Une fois le 2 escadron de retour, son commandant poussa à une nouvelle attaque. Cela fut effectué par le 3 escadron, dirigé par le capitaine Marchio. Empruntant une route similaire au  escadron, ils visèrent également le flanc gauche soviétique, sans faire le détour par la gorge sur le côté du champ de bataille. Le major Modignani décida de son propre gré de rejoindre la charge du 3 escadron, avec la douzaine de cavaliers restants du commandement.

Toute action cesse à 9 h 30, six heures après le début de l'engagement.

Conséquences
Trente-deux cavaliers sont morts, dont les commandants des 3 et 4 escadrons, et 52 blessés. Plus de 100 chevaux ont également été perdus. Les Soviétiques laissent derrière eux 150 morts, 300 blessés, 600 prisonniers (dont quelques pelotons mongols équipés d'uniformes italiens, capturés à la division Sforzesca), 4 canons, 10 mortiers et 50 mitrailleuses. Peu de temps après, des officiers de cavalerie de liaison allemands sont arrivés d'une position de colline voisine tenue par un Aufklärungs Abteilung. Ils étaient déployés à gauche du régiment Savoia et avaient tout vu depuis les hauteurs voisines. Ils exprimèrent leur émerveillement et leur admiration pour l'épisode anachronique à Bettoni en disant :

Après avoir enlevé les blessés et les morts, le champ de bataille est resté couvert de chevaux morts. Les pertes relativement élevées qui auraient résulté de la poursuite des troupes soviétiques auraient eu pour effet d'empêcher le lancement de nouvelles charges, si le besoin s'en faisait sentir. Compte tenu de cette considération, le colonel Bettoni décida de ne pas poursuivre les Soviétiques, qui conservèrent donc une solide assise sur la rive ouest du fleuve Don. Néanmoins, la , comme nommée par la suite, soulagea temporairement toute la zone de pression soviétique, retarda l'attaque soviétique complète contre Tschebotarewskij de 24 heures et fit probablement gagner du temps à la division Sforzesca en déroute pour se replier en toute la sécurité.

L'action audacieuse fut honorée en ajoutant la Médaille d'or de la valeur militaire à l'étendard du régiment et en décernant la médaille au capitaine Abba et au major Modignani, tous deux morts au combat. 54 autres médailles d'argent de la valeur militaire et 49 croix de guerre ont également été décernées.

Un participant très apprécié et honoré de la charge d'Izbushensky était Albino, un cheval qui, bien qu'aveuglé dans la bataille, a vécu jusqu'en 1960.

Représentations médiatiques
En septembre 1942, l'Istituto Luce envoya une équipe de tournage afin de prendre des images mises en scène du régiment Savoia en action. Les seules images originales furent prises par le capitaine Abba juste avant de lancer l'attaque avec le 4 escadron. Son appareil photo fut retrouvé sur son corps puis rendu à sa mère. Ils montrent, de très loin, l'action du 2 escadron sur le point de terminer le premier ratissage.

En 1952, le film Carica eroica fut réalisé par Francesco De Robertis et basé sur le récit de la bataille d'Izbushensky.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Armée italienne en Russie
 Prisonniers de guerre italiens en Union soviétique
 Histoire militaire de l'Italie pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
 Participation italienne sur le front de l'Est

Bibliographie
 B. G. Just 2021, Isbuscenskij: The Last Charge of the Savoia Cavalry. (Amazon Kindle e-book.)
 Lucio Lami, Isbuscenskij, l'ultima carica, Mursia, Milan, 1970.
 Giorgio Vitali, Trotto, galoppo... caricat ! – storia del Raggruppamento truppe a cavallo. Russie 1942-1943, Mursie, Milan, 1985

Histoire contemporaine de l'Italie
Front de l'Est de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Histoire de l'Italie pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Bataille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale impliquant l'Italie
Bataille de la Seconde Guerre mondiale impliquant l'Union soviétique

Charge de la cavalerie Savoia à Izbushensky


Hoeppener oder Höppener ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Edgar Hoeppener (1865–1937), deutsch-baltischer Bankier
 Eduard Hoeppener (1795–1856), deutsch-baltischer Kaufmann und Handelsunternehmer
 Hugo Reinhold Karl Johann Höppener (1868–1948), deutscher Maler und Illustrator
 Max Hoeppener (1848–1924), russischer Architekt

Siehe auch:
 Hoepner
 Höppner

Hoeppener


La Mer cruelle (بس يابحر, Bas ya Bahar) est un film koweïtien réalisé par Khalid Al Siddiq, sorti en 1972. Il s'agit du premier film produit au Koweït.

Synopsis
Un pêcheur de perle interdit à son fils Moussaed de faire le même travail que lui. Mais celui-ci souhaite épouser Nura sa bien-aimée et a besoin d'argent. Son père décidé finalement de lui prêter son équipement.

Fiche technique
 Titre : La Mer cruelle
 Titre original : بس يابحر (Bas ya Bahar)
 Réalisation : Khalid Al Siddiq
 Scénario : Khalid Al Siddiq, Walaa'Salah El-Din, Saad Al Farraj et Abdel-Rahman Saleh
 Musique : Bo Tarik
 Photographie : Tewfik El-Amir
 Montage : Hassanouf
 Pays :
 Genre : Drame
 Durée : 106 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :  (Mostra de Venise)

Distribution
 Mohammed Al-Mansour : Moussaed
 Amal Bakr : Nura
 Saad Al Farraj : le père
 Hayat Al Fahad : la mère
 Mohammed Al-Monieaa
 Hamad Nasser : Bader

Distinctions
Le film a reçu le prix FIPRESCI à la Mostra de Venise 1972.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film koweïtien
Film sorti en 1972
Film dramatique
Prix FIPRESCI à la Mostra de Venise
Film sur la pêche

La Mer cruelle (film, 1972)


An Carex firmicaulis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Aimo Aarno Antero Kalela. An Carex firmicaulis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex firmicaulis


Pero Zlatar (Skoplje, 26. listopada 1934. – Beograd, 23. srpnja 2020.) bio je hrvatski novinar i publicist.

Životopis
Od 1954. bio je novinar i urednik u izdanjima kuće Vjesnik. Od 1967. glavni urednik zabavnoga tjednika Plavi vjesnik, pa glavni urednik televizijskoga magazina Studio (1971.–'73.), koji je doveo do vrhunca naklade. Potom je bio urednik u Vjesniku u srijedu (1973.–'75.) te u Sportskim novostima do odlaska u Beograd 1981.

Pisao je dojmljive reportaže i intervjue s raznim političarima, glazbenicima, sportašima, općenito slavnim i utjecajnim osobama. Neke od njih završile su kao zapažene publicističke knjige, poput "Golovi Dražena Jerkovića" iz 1963. godine, "Note i reket Ivice Šerfezija" iz 1965. i "Šest milijuna ploča Ive Robića", također iz 1965. godine.

Kao reporter i izvjestitelj, proputovao je sve kontinente i boravio u oko 180 zemalja. Bio je prvi novinar bivše Jugoslavije poslije 1948. u Albaniji, prvi u Francovoj Španjolskoj, Salazarovom Portugalu, Tajvanu, državama apartheida Južnoj Africi i Rodeziji, Južnoj Koreji, Čileu.

Napisao je tri knjige tiskane u visokoj nakladi o Albaniji: dvije o Enveru Hoxhi: "Gospodar Zemlje orlova" i "Enver Hoxha – politička biografija", te jednu politički putopisnu: "Glasnik iz Tirane", koje su u to vrijeme bile vrijedni izvor informacija o politički zatvorenoj Albaniji.

Godine 1981. seli u Beograd, odakle se od 1992. godine javljao kao dopisnik Globusa, Nacionala i Jutarnjeg lista.

Pero Zlatar ima četvoro djece: Bojanu, Stipu, Jerka i Janu. Od 1981. godine živio je u Beogradu, gdje je kao pisac i publicist djelovao sve do smrti.

Mladen Pavković objavio je knjigu "Razgovori s Perom Zlatarom - Milijunaš bez milijuna".

Pero Zlatar glumio je TV-novinara u filmu "Bravo maestro" iz 1978. godine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Hrvatski novinari
Hrvatski publicisti
Životopisi, Zagreb
Životopisi, Beograd

Pero Zlatar


An Rhynchospora eximia in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Johann Otto Boeckeler. An Rhynchospora eximia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhynchospora, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rhynchospora

Rhynchospora eximia


An Brachypodium arbuscula in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Claude Gay ngan  Edward Louis Herman Knoche. An Brachypodium arbuscula in nahilalakip ha genus nga Brachypodium, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Canary Is.. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Brachypodium

Brachypodium arbuscula


Samband íslenskra samvinnufélaga (Forbundet af islandske andelsforeninger) var en islandsk andelsvirksomhed, der opnåede en dominerende placering indenfor flere sektorer i landets erhvervsliv. Den kom i økonomiske problemer i 1980'erne og måtte lukke i 1992.

Samband íslenskra samvinnufélaga (SÍS) blev oprettet på et møde hos Sigurður Jónsson på dennes gård i Ysta-Felli i Þingeyjasýslu 20. februar 1902 af tre lokale andelsforeninger under navnet Sambandskaupfélag Þingeyinga, men blev omdøbt til SÍS i 1906, da andelsforeninger fra andre egne havde tilsluttet sig.

SÍS udviklede sig i de følgende år fra et koordinationsorgan for det landsdækkende samarbejde mellem andelsforeinger til en virksomhed, der stod for fælles eksport, import og forhandlinger af fordelagtige kontrakter i udlandet. Dette spillede en hovedrolle i at bryde den danske købmandsklasses kontrol med handelen i Island.
I 1917 flyttede virksomheden sit hovedkontor fra Akureyri til Reykjavík og udviklede sig efterhånden til "en af de største erhvervsvirksomheder i Island", der dominerede en lang række brancher. Forbundets søtransportafdeling blev grundlagt i 1946, og konkurrerede i mange år med Eimskip om positionen som Islands førende rederi indenfor godstransport. Da Islands tredjestørste rederi Hafskip kom i problemer i 1985, var det på tale, at SÍS købte det, men forslaget faldt med en stemme i bestyrelsen, og Hafskip måtte likvideres.

SÍS kom i økonomiske problemer i 1980'erne og måtte lukke i 1992 efter at være blevet begæret konkurs af sine kreditorer.

Formænd for SÍS

Noter

Kilder
 Saga Sambandsins (Ris veldi og fall). Leikstjóri Viðar Víkingsson, 1999.

Virksomheder fra Island
Andelsbevægelsen i Island
Etableret i 1902
Ophørt i 1992

Samband íslenskra samvinnufélaga


Rosita (latin: Hyeronima alchorneoides Allem.), også kaldet Jaca, Ocuje og Bare, er en tung, hård og mørk træart, som vokser i Mellem- og Sydamerikas regnskove. Den er medlem af plantefamilien Euphorbiaceae.

Rosita vokser i Mellemamerika fra Mexico og Belize ned til Panama, og i Sydamerika i Colombia, Peru og Brasilien. I Honduras vokser arten særligt i de våde, tropiske skove i Atlanterhavets tidevandszone, Colon, Gracias a Dios, Olancho, Yoro og Comayagua.

Udvinding i Honduras
I Honduras distribueres træet blandt andet af skov-kooperativet COATLAHL, som ligger i bjergkæden Nombre de Dios på Honduras' østkyst. Træet udvindes fra skovområder placeret i zoner der støder op til tre sammenhængende beskyttede områder i bjergkæden: Pico Bonito Nationalparken, Nombre de Dios Nationalparken og Texiguat Vildtreservatet. Skovene er FSC-mærkede, hvilket vil sige, at der ikke fældes mere træ end skoven kan nå at reproducere, og at skoven ikke tager skade af fældningen.

Den udvinding, der her udføres af de lokale samfund, er rudimentær, hvorfor påvirkning af biodiversitet, jord, vand og naturskønhed er minimal. Træet saves i blokke i skoven og bæres siden ud af skove ved hjælp af muldyr, floder eller menneskekraft. Kooperativet samarbejder med den danske miljøorganisation Verdens Skove, som støtter kooperativer i området i deres skovforvaltning og forarbejdning og salg af træprodukter. Ifølge Verdens Skove er samarbejdet et forsøg på at give regnskoven værdi, og dermed skabe incitament til dens bevarelse, og desuden skabe bedre levevilkår for områdets beboere.

Egenskaber
Rositatræ har en mørk, rødbrun farve med en mat overflade og en medium til grov tekstur. Træet har en interlocked grain og årerne er fremtrædende. Træet er desuden uden smag og duft.

Træet har en middeldensitet på 630 kg/m3 og er dermed en meget tung træart, og med en middel hårdhed (Janka 703 kg). Bevægelighed (4,93%) og elasticitet (122641 kg/cm2) er begge middel.

Træet er i nogen grad svært at tørre, hvad enten det tørres naturligt eller i en ovn. Det tørrer meget hurtigt og kan udvikle defekter. Siden tømmeret kan forvrænges under lufttørring, anbefales det at tørringsprocessen udføres udelukkende inden døre.

Træet er desuden meget holdbart og modstandsdygtigt overfor henfald, svampeangreb og termitter.

Rositatræ er i nogen grad let at save og bearbejde med håndværktøj. Det er udmærket til drejearbejde og til at bore huller i, forme og slibe, men meget hårdt, således at huller til søm skal bores på forhånd. Træet skal overfladebehandles med mindst tre lag for at fylde træets store porer, og vil da stå flot. På grund af træets naturlige skønhed, anbefales en transparent overfladebehandling..

Anvendelse

Rosita er velegnet til flere formål, såsom møbler, som gulvbelægning, dekorativ finering og andet snedkerarbejde. Da træet er meget tungt egner det sig bedst til møbler, som bliver stående på samme sted, såsom skabe, og alternativt flytbare møbler i mindre størrelser.

Kooperativet COATLAHL fremstiller en stribe produkter af Rosita, blandt andet køkkenudstyr som skærebrædder, bakker og bordskånere, samt større møbler som borde og senge.

I Danmark har designer Steen Higham arbejdet med Rosita-træ i det store vægobjekt fra kollektionen AIX Objects, som han lavede til Venice Design Biennale 2017. Her kombinerede han Rosita med en anden træsort, også udvundet fra Honduras' regnskove, kaldet Santa Maria. Projektet blev udført i samarbejde med Verdens Skove, COATAHL og FSC Danmark ud fra et ønske om at aktivere Honduras' uudnyttede ressourcer på en forsvarlig og bæredygtig måde.

Noter

Eksterne Links
 Steen Higham på Statens Værksteder for Kunst
 AIX Objects

Materialer
Skovbrugsprodukter

Rosita (træ)


Baron Borwick, of Hawkshead in the County of Lancaster, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 20 July 1922 for the businessman Sir Robert Borwick, 1st Baronet. He was chairman of George Borwick & Sons Ltd, manufacturers of baking and custard powders. The company had been founded by his father George Borwick. Before his elevation to the peerage, Borwick had been created a baronet, of Eden Lacy in the Parish of Lazonby in the County of Cumberland, on 1 July 1916. His eldest son, the second Baron, was succeeded by his younger brother, the third Baron. The latter was succeeded by his son, the fourth Baron (who had four daughters).  the titles are held by his nephew, the fifth Baron, who succeeded in 2007. Lord Borwick is the eldest son of Robin Borwick, third son of the third Baron.
The family tomb is maintained at the Cimetières du Château in Nice.

Barons Borwick (1922)
Robert Hudson Borwick, 1st Baron Borwick (1845–1936)
George Borwick, 2nd Baron Borwick (1880–1941)
Robert Geoffrey Borwick, 3rd Baron Borwick (1886–1961)
James Hugh Myles Borwick, 4th Baron Borwick (1917–2007)
(Geoffrey Robert) James Borwick, 5th Baron Borwick (b. 1955)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Edwin Dennis William Borwick (b. 1984).

Line of Succession

  Robert Hudson Borwick, 1st Baron Borwick (1845—1936)
  George Borwick, 2nd Baron Borwick (1880—1941)
  Robert Geoffrey Borwick, 3rd Baron Borwick (1886—1961)
  James Hugh Myles Borwick, 4th Baron Borwick (1917—2007)
 Robin Sandbach Borwick (1927—2003)
  Geoffrey Robert James Borwick, 5th Baron Borwick (born 1955)
 (1) Edwin Dennis William Borwick (b. 1984)
 (2) Thomas James Robert Borwick (b. 1987)
 (3) William Borwick (b. 1997)
 (4) Richard David Borwick (b. 1960)
 (5) Christian Richard Sandbach Borwick (b. 1985)
 (6) Fraser James Montgomery Borwick (b. 1992)
 (7) Sebastian Steven Brockton Borwick (b. 2001)

References

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.

Baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1922

Baron Borwick


Mariléia dos Santos, besser bekannt als Michael Jackson (* 19. November 1963 in Valença, Rio de Janeiro, Brasilien) ist eine ehemalige brasilianische Fußballspielerin. Sie spielte zwölf Jahre lang für die Brasilianische Fußballnationalmannschaft der Frauen, nahm an zwei Weltmeisterschaften und an den Olympischen Spielen teil.

Werdegang
Sie galt als Pelé des Frauenfußballs in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren und sie soll den Weg für den Frauenfußballsport in Brasilien geebnet haben. Zu den Teams, in denen sie spielte, gehören die Frauenmannschaften EC Radar in Rio, Corinthians São Paulo, FC Santos, SC Internacional in Porto Alegre, CR Vasco da Gama, Saad EC in São Caetano do Sul, sowie Turin in Italien. Es wird behauptet, dass sie 1567 Tore in ihrer Karriere erzielt habe. Sie erhielt den dritten Platz von der International Federation of Football History (IFFHS) in der Galerie der besten Spieler des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts in Südamerika.

Mariléia dos Santos erlebte ihre ersten Erfolge im Jahr 1983 im Alter von 20 Jahren, als ihr Team (Tupy in Santa Catarina) den ersten São-Paulo-Cup des Frauenfußballs gewann. Sie wurde dann von dem legendären Team von Radar geholt, wo sie von 1983 bis 1989 blieb und über 800 Tore erzielte. Im Jahr 1990 wechselte sie nach Saad, dem Team, das sechs Titel in Folge und die Copa São Paulo Mundialito 1995 gewonnen hat. Im gleichen Jahr wechselte sie nach dem Öffnen des internationalen Markt für Talente nach Italien.

Dos Santos lebt derzeit in der Hauptstadt Brasília, ist die General-Koordinatorin des Frauenfußballs und wird in der Gesellschaft der aktuellen Nationalmannschaft, Sportler und Fußball-Kliniken vorgestellt.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Olympiateilnehmer (Brasilien)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1996
Fußballspieler (Brasilien)
Brasilianer
Geboren 1963
Frau

Mariléia dos Santos


Agasaya, "Çığlık atan", bir Semitik savaş tanrıçasıydı. Daha sonra İştar'ın gökyüzünün savaşçısı tanımına dahil edilmiştir.

Mezopotamya tanrıçaları
Savaş tanrıçaları

Agasaya


Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası, 1960'larda açılmaya başlayan jeoloji mühendisliği bölümü mezunlarının bir araya gelip TMMOB bünyesindeki oluşturdukları Meslek odası.

Tek yasal meslek örgütü olarak TMMOB Yasası gereğince 18 Mayıs 1974 tarihinde TMMOB Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası kurulmuştur.

Türkiye merkezli mühendislik kuruluşları
TMMOB
1974'te kurulan kuruluşlar

Jeoloji Mühendisleri Odası


Der Hong Kong Cup ist das mit 20 Millionen Hongkong-Dollar (entspricht knapp 2 Millionen Euro) höchstdotierte Pferderennen Chinas und das größte Asiens nach dem Dubai World Cup und dem Japan Cup.

Die vom Hong Kong Jockey Club organisierte Veranstaltung wird Mitte Dezember auf Turf gelaufen und gilt als letztes Großereignis des internationalen Rennsportjahres. Vollblüter ab drei Jahren kämpfen im Rahmen der "Hong Kong International Races"-Serie auf der Sha Tin-Rennbahn vor 80.000 Zuschauern um den Sieg.

Das Rennen wurde zwar 1988 gegründet, aber erst seit der Verlängerung der Strecke auf 2.000 Meter (eine Mittelstrecke bei Galopprennen) 1999 ist es eines der großen Gruppe-I-Rennen. Es wird traditionell von Cathay Pacific gesponsert. Starjockey Frankie Dettori gewann bereits dreimal. Im Jahr 2011 wurde das deutsche Pferd Zazou mit seinem Reiter Olivier Peslier Dritter.

Sieger

(a) Das Rennen von "1992" musste vom Dezember auf April 1993 verschoben werden aufgrund einer Pferde-Viruserkrankung.

Weblinks
 Resultate

Einzelnachweise

Flachrennen
Pferdesport (Volksrepublik China)

Hong Kong Cup


Alan Ritchson (Grand Forks, Dakota del Norte, 28 de noviembre de 1982) es un actor, cantante y modelo estadounidense. Es conocido por su carrera como modelo y por participar en las series de televisión Smallville y Blue Mountain State.

Biografía

Primeros años
Ritchson nació en Grand Forks, Dakota del Norte; hijo de David, un sargento mayor de la Fuerza Aérea, y Vickie, maestra de escuela secundaria. Es el mediano de tres hermanos; Eric, el mayor y Brian, el menor. Durante su niñez, su familia se mudó a Rantoul, Illinois. A los diez años, la familia de Ritchson finalmente se asentó en Niceville, Florida. Asistió a Niceville High School y se graduó en 2001. En una entrevista de 2013 con la revista indonesia Da Man, declaró que una vez obtuvo una beca musical completa. De 1999 a 2003, asistió como estudiante de doble matrícula y se graduó con un título de Asociado en Artes en Okaloosa Walton Community College, ahora Northwest Florida State College. Fue miembro de la división de Bellas Artes Soundsations and Madrigal Singers.

Carrera

Modelaje
Comenzó su carrera como modelo en el catálogo Abercrombie y Fitch y también modeló ropa interior para el sitio en línea internationaljock.com. En 2008, firmó con la agencia Vision Model Management de Los Ángeles y apareció en N2N Bodywear. A principios de 2009, Ritchson hizo su última aparición en su carrera como modelo para Abercrombie y Fitch.

Actuación
Alan Ritchson llamó la atención del público por primera vez en 2004 cuando apareció en American Idol como uno de los 87 mejores participantes en la tercera temporada antes de ser eliminado en Hollywood. Su aparición en el programa se destacó por su estriptis en un episodio en el que cortejó a la jueza Paula Abdul.

Sus créditos como actor incluyen un papel recurrente como estrella invitada en la serie de televisión Smallville como Arthur Curry / Aquaman Un pequeño papel como oficial del ejército en la película de Hallmark Channel de 2006, "None None Go With Me" junto a Cheryl Ladd, y el papel de Lucian Manet en la película original de Lifetime de 2009, Nora Roberts 'Midnight Bayou. Su papel en Smallville marcó la primera vez que un actor interpretó a Aquaman en una producción de acción con licencia oficial. En 2007, actuó en Beowulf.

Su coprotagonista de Smallville, Justin Hartley, ha representado a Aquaman en un piloto sin nombre del mismo nombre. Ritchson repitió su papel de Aquaman para una aparición en la película animada: Justice League: The New Frontier, y la temporada final de Smallville.

En 2009, apareció en un episodio de la tercera temporada de Starz's Head Case en el que interpretó a un estríper masculino. Ritchson también hizo una aparición en CSI: Miami, en la que interpretó a una víctima en el episodio 19 de la temporada 8. Su carrera como actor incluye un papel en The Butcher, como también en Fired Up!.

En 2011, apareció en un episodio de la temporada 3 de 90210 como un interés amoroso para el personaje principal Teddy Montgomery (Trevor Donovan), en donde era un viejo amigo de Teddy. Interpretó a Thad Castle en Blue Mountain State de Spike TV como capitán de un equipo de fútbol americano universitario, hasta que se canceló el programa en febrero de 2012, después de su tercera temporada. En 2013, apareció en la segunda parte de Los juegos del hambre, Los juegos del hambre: en llamas, interpretando a Gloss.

En 2015, Ritchson tuvo una aparición habitual en el programa de variedades de NBC I Can Do That (basado en el programa de variedades israelí) junto a Nicole Scherzinger, Ciara, Joe Jonas, Cheryl Burke y Jeff Dye,  presentado por Marlon Wayans. En 2016, apareció en "Nosedive", un episodio de la serie de antología Black Mirror.

Ritchson también interpretó a Raphael en Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, un reinicio de la serie de películas de Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles después de las cuatro películas anteriores. Regresó a su papel de Thad Castle en la película Blue Mountain State: The Rise of Thadland. Ritchson coprotagonizó la primera película de Rooster Teeth Production, la comedia de ciencia ficción Lazer Team en enero de 2016.

En 2018, Ritchon regresó a interpretar otro personaje de la editorial DC Comics en Titans, interpretó a Hank Hall / Hawk, un hombre agresivo y ofensivo que lucha contra el crimen con su compañera y novia Dove.

Carrera como cantante
Incluye un álbum independiente llamado This is Next Time, lanzado a finales de 2005.

Vida personal
En 2006 Ritchson se casó con Catherine Ritchson, con la cual tiene 3 hijos.

Discografía
This is Next Time (2006)

Filmografía

Películas

Televisión

Videojuegos

Referencias

Actores de cine de Estados Unidos
Actores de televisión de Estados Unidos
Actores de Dakota del Norte
Cantantes masculinos de Estados Unidos
Modelos masculinos de Estados Unidos
Participantes de American Idol
Aquaman

Alan Ritchson


Ladislav II. Blagajski († 1439.), hrvatski velikaš, knez iz velikaške obitelji knezova Blagajskih.

Bio je najstariji od trojice sinova kneza Nikole IV. i Maje Ratetić. Braću su mu bila Antun i Ivan V. U prvim desetljećima 15. stoljeća nametnuo se kao najvažniji pripadnik obitelji. Svoju snagu je temeljio na povezivanju s vladarom pa je stoga, zajedno s braćom, pomogao hrvatsko-ugarskom kralju Žigmundu (1387. – 1437.) u njegovu sukobu protiv bosanskog vojvode Hrvoja Vukčića Hrvatinića († 1416.).

Ladislav II. i njegova braća pratili su kralja Žigmunda i na njegovim vojnim kampanjama u Češkoj i sjevernoj Italiji. Kralj im je kao nagradu za uspješnu službu vratio 1419. godine grad Ostrožac i potvrdio njihovo pravo na utvrđene gradove Otoku, Brezovicu, Vojsku i Visoko. Ostrožac im je prepustio kao nasljedno dobro 1436. godine.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Plemićki rod Babonića do kraja 14. stoljeća - repozitorij.hrstud.unizg.hr

Hrvatsko plemstvo
Blagajski

Ladislav II. Blagajski


Eritromisin, bir makrolit antibiyotiğidir. Anti-mikrobik spektrumu pensiline benzediği için, çoğunlukla penisilin alerjisi olan bireylerde kullanılır. Özellikle frengi, bunlar arasında solunum yolu enfeksiyonları, cilt enfeksiyonları, klamidya enfeksiyonları ve frengi bulunmaktadır. Hamilelikte, yeni doğanlarda Group B streptokoksik enfeksiyonunu önlemek için de kullanılabilir. Eritromisin geciken mide boşaltımlarını geliştirmek için kullanılabilir. Damar içi veya ağız yoluyla verilebilir. Doğumdan sonra yeni doğanlarda göz enfeksiyonunu önlemek için göz merhemi rutin olarak önerilmekedir. Genellikle bakteriyostatik etkiye sahiptirler (sadece beta-hemolitik streptokok ve streptokok pnömonia'ya karşı bakterisid etkisi vardır). Anaerob bakterilere karşı etkisizdir.

Yaygın yan etkileri arasında mide krampları, kusma ve ishal bulunmaktadır. Daha ciddi yan etkileri arasında ise Clostridium difficile colitis, karaciğer sorunları, uzun süreli QT ve alerjik tepkiler sayılabilir. Vücuda alınan eritromisin karaciğerde metabolize edilir. Bu nedenle karaciğer yetmezliği olan hastalarda kullanımı sakıncalıdır. Penisilin alerjisi olanlarda kullanılması genellikle güvenlidir. Eritromisin kullanımı hamilelikte ve emzirme sırasında da güvenlidir. Macrolid ailesindendir ve bakteriye göre protein yapımını azaltarak çalışır.

Eritromisin ilk kez 1952'de izole edilmiştir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü Temel İlaçlar Listesinde, temel bir sağlık sisteminde ihtiyaç duyulan en önemli ilaçlar arasında sayılmıştır. Jenerik ilaç olarak kullanılabilir ve pahalı değildir. Hap başına toptan satış fiyatı 0.03 - 0.06 ABD doları arasındadır. Eritromisin Saccharopolyspora erythraea bakteri türünden üretilir.

Kaynakça

Makrolid antibiyotikler
Alkoller
Aminler
Eterler
Ketonlar
Eli Lilly and Company

Eritromisin


Walter de Gruyter GmbH ( sau ; nume de brand: De Gruyter) este o editură academică specializată în literatură universitară. Compania își are originea în librăria Königliche Realschule din Berlin, căreia i-a fost acordat în 1749 privilegiul regal de a tipări cărți de către regele Frederic al II-lea al Prusiei. Librăria a fost preluată în anul 1801 de Georg Reimer. În 1919, Walter de Gruyter (1862-1923) a hotărât fuziunea editurii conduse de el cu alte 4 edituri, fiind formată compania care a devenit Verlag Walter de Gruyter & Co în 1923 și Walter de Gruyter GmbH în 2012.

Mărci editoriale și parteneriate
Mai multe foste edituri au devenit mărci ale De Gruyter.
 "De Gruyter Mouton/De Gruyter Saur" (anterior "Mouton de Gruyter") a fost achiziționată de către de Gruyter, în 1977. Ea a fost inițial cunoscută sub numele de Mouton Publishers și avea sediul la Haga. Marca este specializată în domeniul lingvisticii și publică reviste academice, monografii științifice, lucrări de referință, publicații multimedia și bibliografii.
 K. G. Saur Verlag, cu sediul în München, a fost achiziționată în 2006, fiind păstrată marca "De Gruyter Saur". Este specializată în informații de referință pentru biblioteci.
 De Gruyter a achiziționat revistele Berkeley Electronic Press în 2011.
 După depunerea cererii de protecție împotriva falimentului în 2012, editura Birkhäuser a fost achiziționată de către De Gruyter.
 În 2012, De Gruyter a dobândit, de asemenea, editura cu acces liber Versita. Începând din 2014 Versita este complet integrată în marca "De Gruyter Open", care publică, de asemenea, mai multe așa-numite megareviste și un blog pe tema accesului liber în mediul academic, reflectând popularitatea tot mai mare la nivel mondial a accesului liber în rândul cercetătorilor și instituțiilor academice.
 În 2013, De Gruyter a achiziționat două edituri academice ale grupului Cornelsen Verlag: Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag și Akademie Verlag.
De Gruyter este una dintre cele treisprezece edituri care participă la proiectul pilor Knowledge Unlatched, un consorțiu de biblioteci globale care are scopul de a oferi acces liber la cărți.

Note

Lectură suplimentară
 Fouquet-Plümscher, Doris: Aus dem Archiv des Verlages Walter de Gruyter: Briefe, Urkunden, Dokumente. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1980.

Legături externe

Edituri din Germania

Walter de Gruyter


Nilüfer Hatun  doğum adı Holifera (Holophira) / Olivera  (1283 - 1388  Bursa), Yarhisar Tekfuru'nun kızı, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun ikinci Padişahı Orhan Gazi'nin eşi ve Üçüncü Osmanlı Padişahı I. Murad'ın annesidir.

Hayatı
Osmanlıda yabancı eşlerden ilki aynı zamanda ilk yabancı kökenli sultandır. Rum asılıdır Asıl adı Holofira idi. Nilüfer, bu ismin Türkçeleşmiş halidir. Orhan Gazi ile evlendirilmeden önce Bilecik Tekfuru'nun oğluyla nişanlıydı. Osmanlıların 1299'da Bilecik'i ele geçirmeleri ve ardından yakınlardaki düğün konvoyuna yapılan baskın esnasında esir alındığı ve Osman Gazi tarafından oğlu Orhan Gazi ile evlendirildiği söylenmektedir. Tarihçi Necdet Sakaoğlu'nun aktardığına göre Nilüfer Hatun, cariye durumundaki ilk padişah hanımıdır. Osmanlı Hanedanı'na anne tarafından Rum kanı (genetiği) taşıyan ilk şehzadeleri de o doğurmuştur. 1360 yılında ölen Gazi Süleyman Paşa ile ondan on yaş daha küçük olan üçüncü Osmanlı padişahı I. Murad'ın annesidir.

Baş hâtunluğu
Faslı gezgin İbn Battuta'nın İznik'te bizzat kendisi ile görüştüğünü Nilüfer Hatun'un huzuruna kabul edildiğinde onu  Beylûn Hatun  Olarak  seyyahatnamesine kaydetmiştir  Orhan Gazi'nin Baş hâtunudur. Nilüfer, "lotus" adındaki kutsal çiçek anlamına gelir. Onun bu ismi, İznik'teki imaretinin kitabesinde yazılıdır. İslâmî bir isme sahip olmayan Nilüfer'in sağlığında inşa ettirdiği tesisler arasında herhangi bir cami bulunmamaktadır. İbn Battuta'nın naklettiğine göre Orhan Gazi ile birlikte Bursa'da oturmayan Beylûn Hâtun, ondan ayrı olarak o yıllarda "Anadolu'nun Kudüs'ü" olarak adlandırılabilecek kadar Hristiyanlarca kutsal kabul edilen İznik'te ikamet etmekteydi. İznik'e giden gezgin İbn Battuta, bomboş olan şehirde saray hizmetkârlarından birkaçı ve sultanın hanımı Beylun hatun oturuyor, Beylun hatun şehir ahalisine hükümranlık eden  erdemli iyi yürekli bir kadın. Kendisi adil ve olgun bir yönetici Emirindeki hizmetkârlar  kendisini çok severdi her sözünü yerine getirirlerdi. İznik'te Sultanönülü (Eskişehir) fakih Hacı Alâeddin'e konuk olan İbn Battuta söylediğine göre Orhan  Gazi seferlerde iken şehrin yönetimini  Beylûn  Hatun  üstlenmiştir askerlerin komutası Beylûn Hatunda'dır  Orhan Gazi'nin eşlerinden dindarlığıyla meşhur olan Beylûn Hâtun olduğunu ve Hacı Alâeddin ile birlikte ziyaretine gittikleri Beylûn Hâtun'un kendilerine izzet ve ikramlarda bulunduğunu, birkaç gün sonra Orhan Bey'in de oraya geldiğini yazmaktadır.

Hayır işleri ve tarihe bıraktıkları

Nilüfer Hatun İznik Ve Bursa'yı, Camiler imaretler, medreselerle  donattı. Bursa'da kaplıca kapısı yanında bir tekke, Bursa kalesinde bir cami.Darülharp Mahallesi'nde bir mescit, kendi adını taşıyan Nilüfer çayı .Bursa Mudanya yolu üzerinde bir Irmağa köprü yaptırdı. Köprü kendi adıyla anılır  İznik'te, oğlu I. Murad tarafından kendisinin adına bir imarethane inşa edilmiştir. Ayrıca yaptığı hayır işleriyle. Bursalıların gönlüne taht kurmuştur. Adı yüzyıllar sonra Bursa'nın bir ilçesine  verilmiştir. Kabri Bursa'daki Orhan Gazi Türbesi'ndedir. Ayrıca ismi, Orhan Gazi'nin kendi türbesi olan Bursa'daki (Gümüşlü) Tophane'de bulunmaktadır.

Popüler kültürdeki yeri
 1988'de TRT 1 de yayımlanan Kuruluş "Osmancık" dizisinde Sema Yunak tarafından canlandırılmıştır.

 Hacivat Karagöz Neden Öldürüldü? adlı Türk Filminde Ayşe Tolga tarafından canlandırılmıştır.

 Günümüzde Atv'de yayınlanan Kuruluş Osman dizisinde Duru Yazıcı tarafından canlandırılmıştır.

Kaynakça

Bibliyografya
Bahadıroğlu, Yavuz, Resimli Osmanlı Tarihi, Nesil Yayınları, 15. baskı, 2009, ISBN 978-975-269-299-2.
Peirce, Leslie P., The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire, Oxford University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-19-508677-5.

1285 doğumlular
Osmanlı padişah eşleri
Osmanlı padişah anneleri
Valide sultanlar
1383 yılında ölenler

Nilüfer Hatun


حسين المنصور (20 مايو 1956 -)، ممثل كويتي. ينتمي لأسرة فنية حيث أن أشقائه منصور ومحمد ممثلون وعبد العزيز مخرج، كما أن ابنه منصور دخل إلى المجال الفني.

عن حياته
دخل المجال الفني وهو بالتاسعة من عمره خلال مسرحية عنده شهادة التي قدمت نهاية عام 1965، ثم اكمل مشواره الفني بنهاية سبعينيات القرن العشرين، وكانت البداية مسرحيًا ثم تلفزيونيًا. ومنذ منتصف تسعينيات القرن العشرين دخل إلى مجال الإنتاج التلفزيوني والمسرحي، وكانت البداية عن طريق شراكة بينه وبين مؤسسة سكوب سنتر للإنتاج وصاحبتها فجر السعيد قدما خلالها عدد من الأعمال، إلى أن إنفصلا عام 2001، حيث قام بتأسيس شركة إنتاج فني بمشاركة مع إخوته.

حياته الأسرية
مطلق، ولديه ابن وابنة هما منصور وأضوى.

أعماله

من المسلسلات

من المسرحيات

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلون كويتيون
مواليد 1375 هـ
مواليد 1956

حسين المنصور


VM i badminton 1997 var det 10. VM i badminton afholdt af International Badminton Federation. Mesterskabet blev afviklet i Scotstoun Center i Glasgow, Skotland i perioden 24. maj - 1. juni 1997. Skotland var VM-værtsland for første gang.

Medaljevindere

Medaljetabel

Resultater

Herresingle

Verdensmesterskabet i herresingle blev vundet af Peter Rasmussen fra Danmark, som i en dramatisk finale vandt med 16-17, 18-13, 15-10 over kineseren Sun Jun, som flere gange undervejs måtte behandles på grund af krampe. Begge finalister vandt dermed VM-medalje for første gang. De to bronzemedaljer blev vundet af den forsvarende mester, Heryanto Arbi fra Indonesien, der dermed fik suppleret sin VM-guldmedalje fra det foregående mesterskab med en tilsvarende af bronze, og Poul-Erik Høyer, som tabte i semifinalen for andet VM i træk.

Samtlige fire danske deltagere i herresingle formåede at spille sig frem til kvartfinalerne, og det var blot femte gang nogensinde, at VM-kvartfinalerne i herresingle havde deltagelse af fire spillere fra samme land. Dermed tangerede danskerne en rekord sat af Indonesien ved VM-turneringerne i 1980, 1989 og 1995, og Kina ved VM i 1987.

Turneringen havde deltagelse af 171 spillere, hvoraf 56 var direkte kvalificeret til hovedturneringen. De resterende 115 deltagere spillede i kvalifikationsturneringen om de sidste otte ledige pladser i hovedturneringen.

Hovedturnering

Damesingle

Damesinglemesterskabet blev domineret af de kinesiske spillere, der for anden gang i VM-historien besatte hele seks af de otte pladser i kvartfinalerne i damesingle (første gang var i VM i badminton 1987), og for tredje gang i VM-historien havde semifinalerne udelukkende deltagelse af kinesere. VM-titlen gik til den forsvarende mester Ye Zhaoying, som i finalen besejrede Gong Zhichao med 12-11, 11-8, og som dermed blev verdensmester for anden gang i træk. Det var sidste gang, at Ye kunne slutte VM med en medalje om halsen, og hun endte derfor sin VM-karriere med to guldmedaljer og en sølvmedalje. Derimod var det første gang, at Gong kunne rejse hjem med en VM-medalje. Bronzemedaljerne gik til Han Jingna, som dermed byttede sin sølvmedalje fra det foregående VM ud med en tilsvarende af bronze, og Wang Chen, som ved dette mesterskab vandt sin eneste VM-medalje i karrieren.

Turneringen havde deltagelse af 162 spillere, hvoraf 56 var direkte kvalificeret til hovedturneringen. De resterende 106 deltagere spillede i kvalifikationsturneringen om de sidste otte ledige pladser i hovedturneringen.

Hovedturnering

Herredouble

Damedouble

Mixed double

Se også
 Sudirman Cup 1997

Kilder
 Tournament Software - World Championships 1997 (I)
 Politiken, 28. - 30. maj 1997.

Noter

Sport i 1997
1997

VM i badminton 1997


أبو طبر هو الاسم الذي أطلق على مرتكب سلسلة من عمليات السطو والقتل التي حدثت في بغداد خلال السنوات الأولى من حكم حزب البعث. ولاحقاً نسبت الجرائم إلى شرطي سابق. وساد في ذلك الوقت خوف واسع النطاق بين سكان بغداد بشأن طبيعة الجرائم.

حصل أبو طبر على لقبه في اوائل السبعينات وإسمه الحقيقي حاتم كاظم هضم، وهو من مدينة المسيب في محافظة بابل لكن جرائمه دارت في بغداد. عُرف بأنه الرجل الذي جلب الخوف والرعب إلى المدنيين في العراق. اشتهر بقتل العائلات عن طريق تقطيعها بقضيب من الحديد لكن شاع بأسم ابو طبر . عادة ما يبدأ جرائمه بمكالمة هاتفية غريبة، وغالبا عندما يكون الضحية بمفرده في المنزل. تتكون المكالمة من محادثة غير مجدية وتهديد وشتم. بعد المكالمة يطرق الباب وتبدأ الجريمة.

حياته
ولد حاتم كاظم هضم الملقب بأبو طبر في قضاء المسيب التابع إلى الحلة بمحافظة بابل، ينحدر من عائلة معروفة في العراق. تخرج من المدرسة الابتدائية عام 1946 ومن المدرسة المتوسطة 1949. التحق بعد ذلك بمدرسة للشرطة في الحلة وتخرج عام 1951 برتبة مفوض شرطة الحلة لكنه طرد عام 1952 لأسباب مهنية. عاد إلى الكلية لدراسة سلاح الجو ولكنه طرد أيضا في عام 1956 بسبب العبث المتعمد في الهواء بطائرات التدريب. كان أبو طبر يجيد عدة لغات منها العربية والإنجليزية والألمانية والفارسية وحتى الكردية. بعد طرده سافر إلى الكويت لدراسة الأعمال الحرة عام 1957 ثم عاد إلى العراق عام 1959 ليعمل محاسب تحصيل في كركوك. حُكم عليه بالسجن لمدة عامين ونصف بسبب الأضرار بأموال الدولة. بعد خروجه من السجن سافر إلى أوروبا وقضى معظم وقته في ألمانيا الغربية في ميونيخ. بدأ أبو طبر بتهريب الأسلحة والسيارات من بلجيكا وألمانيا واليونان وسوريا وتركيا. يشير سجله الجنائي إلى انه أوقف عدة مرات خارج العراق بسبب التورط في حوادث شجار أو انكشاف التهريب وحكم عليه في إحدى الدول الأوربية بالحبس لمدة عشرة أشهر عاد بعدها إلى العراق.

أسلوبه الجرمي
كان أبو طبر يقتل بواسطة قطعة من حديد طويلة وكان يخبئها في كم القميص أو الرداء والتي تعرفت عليه هي خادمة عائلة يهودية قام بقتل العائلة المؤلفة من زوج وزوجة وبنت صغيرة وهي البنت الوحيدة حيث قتلهم وهم نائمون والخادمة كانت أيضا مستيقظة وعندما رأت الجريمة هربت إلى المطبخ وغطت نفسها ببطانية لكنه تمكن من إيجادها وقام بضربها أيضا لكنها لم تمت حيث خرج وهو يعتقد أنها ماتت عند اكتشاف الجريمة وجدوها تتنفس وقاموا بنقلها إلى المستشفى وبعد أن تعافت وعند أخذها إلى مركز الشرطة للتحقيق رأته واقفاً مع أحد أفراد الشرطة يتحدث فإرتعبت وعلى الفور بدأت بالصراخ: (هذا هو المجرم) فقاموا بمراقبته ومداهمة بيته حيث اكتشف أحد الضباط باب مخفي في الطابق العلوي للبيت وعند دخوله إلى الغرفة وجدوا بعض من المسروقات التي كان يسرقها من ضحاياه ووجدوا مذياع مكتوب عليه اسم ابنة العائلة اليهودية وتم القبض عليه وعند التحقيق معه اكتشفوا ان زوجته كانت تساعده في اختيار الضحايا من الناس ميسوري الحال في بغداد حيث كانت تدعي أنها تبحث عن عمل كخادمة وعندما يستخدمونها كانت تصف له البيت من الداخل والخارج وما تحتويه حيث كانت تترك العمل بعد فترة وجيزة وكان يقوم بجرائمه بفترة حتى لا يشك الناس بزوجته.

إلقاء القبض عليه وإعدامه
في 30 مارس 1974؛ الساعة 2:55 مساءً تلقت الشرطة بلاغ عن دخول لص لمنزل يملكه الدكتور جوزيف بول بيدرو جادراجي. حضرت الشرطة في الوقت المناسب للقبض على اللص، لكن سجلاتها أظهرت أبو طبر كواحد من أفراد القوات الجوية، سمح له ذلك بالاستمرار في الكذب بشأن ما فعله حتى طلبوا منه أن يريهم منزله. فعثروا على العديد من المسروقات في منزله من أجهزة الراديو باهظة الثمن إلى المجوهرات والملابس. اعترف أبو طبرعلى التلفزيون الوطني بالجرائم التي ارتكبها، وكذلك المساعدة التي تلقاها من شقيقيه غالب وحازم وابن أخيه حسين وزوجته. وعند سؤاله عن دوافعه قال أبو طبر إن لديه سببين لقتل الناس: الأول للتحرك بحرية في المنزل وتمكينه من سرقة أي شيء. ثانيًا اعترف بأنه يعاني من مشكلة نفسية كان يستمتع أحيانًا بالقتل بل إنه يشرب أحيانًا بعض دماء الضحايا. في عام 1980 حُكم عليه بالإعدام شنقًا في سجن أبو غريب.

أراء المشككيين
نسب البعض جرائم أبو طبر إلى المخابرات العراقية آنذاك، وأعتمدو في هذا التفسير على أن بعض الجرائم طالت معارضين سياسيين لحزب البعث ونفى ذلك لواء الشرطة أكرم المشهداني والكاتب حازم الخاقاني.

في الإعلام
في شهر رمضان من سنة 2011 عرض مسلسل يحمل بعنوان أبو طبر من إنتاج قناة البغدادية ومن بطولة الفنان كاظم القرشي.

المراجع

أشخاص من بغداد
أشخاص من محافظة بابل
إعدامات القرن 20 في العراق
جرائم في العراق
قتله متسلسلون عراقيون
قتله متسلسلون معدومون
قتلة جماعيون عراقيون
قتلة جماعيون معدومون
قتلة متسلسلون
مجرمون عراقيون
معدومون بتهمة القتل
مواليد 1932
وفيات 1976
وفيات 1980

أبو طبر


Faversham  is a market town in Kent, England,  from Sittingbourne,  from London and  from Canterbury, next to the Swale, a strip of sea separating mainland Kent from the Isle of Sheppey in the Thames Estuary. It is close to the A2, which follows an ancient British trackway which was used by the Romans and the Anglo-Saxons, and known as Watling Street. The name is of Old English origin, meaning "the metal-worker's village".

There has been a settlement at Faversham since pre-Roman times, next to the ancient sea port on Faversham Creek. It was inhabited by the Saxons and mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Favreshant. The town was favoured by King Stephen who established Faversham Abbey, which survived until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538. Subsequently, the town became an important seaport and established itself as a centre for brewing, and the Shepherd Neame Brewery, founded in 1698, remains a significant major employer.

The town was also the centre of the explosives industry between the 17th and early 20th century, before a decline following an accident in 1916 which killed over 100 workers. This coincided with a revival of the shipping industry in the town. Faversham has a number of landmarks, with several historic churches including St Mary of Charity, Faversham Parish Church, the Maison Dieu and Faversham Recreation Ground. Faversham Market has been established for over 900 years and is still based in the town centre. There are good road and rail links, including a Southeastern service to the High Speed 1 line at Ebbsfleet International and London.

Name
The name Faversham, first attested in 811 as Fefresham, derives from Old English. The second element is the Old English word hām ('settlement'), which is common in place-names. The first element, however, is unique. It has been inferred to derive from an otherwise lost Old English word *fæfere ('smith'), which in turn derived from the Latin faber ('craftsman, smith'). Thus the name once meant 'smith's homestead'. Given its Latin derivation, however, the name may have referred specifically to Roman smiths.

History

Early history
Faversham was established as a settlement before the Roman conquest. The Romans established several towns in Kent including Faversham, with traffic through the Saxon Shore ports of Reculver, Richborough, Dover and Lympne converging on Canterbury before heading up Watling Street to London. The town was less than  from Canterbury, and consequently Faversham had become established on this road network by 50 AD following the initial conquest by Claudius in 43 AD. Numerous remains of Roman buildings have been discovered in and around Faversham, including under St Mary of Charity Church where coins and urns were discovered during reconstruction of the western tower in 1794. In 2013, the remains of a 2,000-year-old Roman theatre, able to accommodate some 12,000 people, were discovered at a hillside near the town. The cockpit-style outdoor auditorium, the first of its kind found in Britain, was a style the Romans used elsewhere in their empire on the Continent.

There is archaeological evidence to suggest that Faversham was a summer capital for the Saxon kings of Kent. It was held in royal demesne in 811, and is further cited in a charter granted by Coenwulf, the King of Mercia. Coenwulf described the town as 'the King's little town of Fefresham', while it was recorded in the Domesday Book as Favreshant. The town had established itself as a seaport by the Middle Ages, and became part of the Confederation of the Cinque Ports in the 13th century, providing a vessel to Dover. The Gough Map of Britain, printed in 1360, shows the Swale as an important shipping channel for trade.

Middle Ages

The manor was recorded as Terra Regis, meaning it was part of the ancient royal estates. King Stephen gave it to his chief lieutenant, William of Ypres, but soon made him swap it with Lillechurch (now Higham) so that the manor of Faversham could form part of the endowment of Faversham Abbey. Stephen established the abbey in 1148, and is buried there with his consort Matilda of Boulogne, and his son, Eustace, the Earl of Boulogne. Stephen favoured the town because of the abbey, and so it was historically important during his reign. King John tried to give the church to Simon of Wells in 1201, but it was owned by the monks of St Augustine's Abbey at Canterbury, who appealed to Rome and denied the request. Abbey Street was constructed around this time in order to provide an appropriate approach to the abbey from the town. It still houses timber-framed buildings and has been described as "the finest medieval street in southeast England".

Thomas Culpeper was granted Faversham Abbey by Henry VIII during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538. Most of the abbey was demolished, and the remains of Stephen were rumoured to have been thrown into Faversham Creek. An excavation of the abbey in 1964 uncovered the empty graves. The entrance gates survived the demolition and lasted until the mid-18th century, but otherwise only a small section of outer wall survived. The abbey's masonry was taken to Calais to reinforce defence of the town, then in British possession, against the French army. In 1539, the ground upon which the abbey had stood, along with nearby land, passed to Sir Thomas Cheney, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports.

Among the few surviving buildings of Faversham Abbey are the two barns at Abbey Farm. Minor Barn was built around 1425, its construction was overseen by the Right Honourable George Wall, a member of the notable Wall Family; Major Barn, the larger of the two, dates from 1476. Next to the barns is the Abbey Farmhouse, part of which dates from the 14th century. The Abbey Guest house, on the east side of the Abbey's Outer Gateway, has survived as Arden's House. This house, now a private residence in Abbey Street, was the location of the murder of Thomas Arden in 1551. The Faversham Almshouses were founded and endowed by Thomas Manfield in 1614, with additional houses being built by Henry Wright in 1823.

Due to the poor quality of roads in the Middle Ages, travel by sea was an important transport corridor. Richard Tylman (or Tillman), mayor in 1581, expanded the port at Faversham, building two wharfs. He became a key figure in exporting corn, wheat and malt to London from the town.

Several notable people in the Middle Ages had origins in Faversham. Haymo of Faversham was born in Faversham and later moved to Paris to join the Franciscans, becoming the "Aristotelian of Aristotelians". Simon of Faversham was born in the town around the middle of the 13th century and later became Chancellor of the University of Oxford in 1304. The notorious pirate Jack Ward is believed to have been born in Faversham around 1553. John Wilson, lutenist and teacher was born in Faversham in 1595 who was the principal composer for the King's Men and a professor of music at Oxford. There is now a plaque at the site of the house in Abbey Street where he was born.

Explosives industry

A gunpowder plant had been established around 1573 in Faversham. The town had a stream which could be dammed at intervals to provide power for watermills. It became known as the Home Works in the 18th century and was nationalised in 1759. By the 19th century, the site stretched for around a mile along the waterfront. A second explosive works was established at Oare to the northwest of town in the late 17th century, with the Marsh Works following in 1786. Towards the end of the 19th century, two new factories were built alongside the Swale to manage production of TNT and cordite. Faversham developed six explosive factories, and from 1874 to 1919, the town was the centre of the explosives industry in the UK.

The first production of guncotton took place in the Marsh Works in 1847. Due to a lack of experience with production methods, an explosion took place soon after work started, with several fatalities.  On Sunday 2 April 1916, an explosion occurred at one of the Swale factories in Uplees after sparks from a chimney ignited the works containing around 150 tonnes of high explosives. The incident killed over 100 people, which led to decline of the explosives industry in the town. Later accounts suggested that had the incident not happened on a Sunday, there would have been many more casualties.

All three gunpowder factories closed in 1934 due to the impending threat of World War II. Production was moved to Ardeer in Ayrshire, Scotland, and the munition industry around Faversham is now extinct. The town is now a harbour and market community; old sail-powered Thames barges are repaired, rebuilt and moored along the creekside.

Industrial Revolution and beyond

Kent is the centre of hop-growing in England, being centred on nearby Canterbury and Faversham has been the home of several breweries. The Shepherd Neame Brewery was officially founded in 1698, though brewing activities in Faversham pre-date this. The brewery claims to be the oldest in Britain and continues to be family-owned. The Rigden brewery was founded in the early 18th century by Edward Rigden. It subsequently merged with the Canterbury-based George Beer in 1922 to become George Beer & Rigden before being purchased by the Maidstone based Fremlin's. Whitbread bought out Fremlin's in 1967, and closed the Faversham brewery in 1990. The site is now a Tesco superstore. Shepherd Neame remains a significant regional brewer despite a decline in consumption of traditional bitter beer, producing around 230,000 barrels a year. It now also makes India Pale Ale under licence. Lieutenant-General Sir Philip Neame, recipient of the Victoria Cross, was born in Faversham and a memorial to him was placed in the town centre in 2014.

A shipyard was established in Faversham by James Pollock & Sons (Shipbuilders) in 1916 at the request of Lord Fisher, the First Lord of The Admiralty, for manufacturing barges for landing craft. Faversham already had a tradition of shipbuilding, and it soon became a major contributor to markets throughout the world, producing vessels such as the Molliette and the Violette, both constructed of concrete. Over 1200 ships were built and launched from Faversham between 1916 and 1969.

Faversham Market is still held in the town centre. It is now the oldest street market in Kent, dating back over 900 years. Monthly markets are also held in Preston Street and Court Street.

Having been an important thoroughfare since the 12th century, Abbey Street went into decline around the start of the 20th. Some buildings on the street adjoining Quay Lane were demolished in 1892 and much of the entire street was intended for demolition as recently as the 1950s, until intervention from the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings. Local people began a determined fight to restore and preserve the area.

Archaeology
In May 2019, the Kent Archaeological Field School uncovered a 150 ft-long by 50 ft-wide Roman building at Abbey Farm. According to Dr Paul Wilkinson, the building contained broken stone walls covering huge amounts of box flue tiles, which were used to direct hot air up the indoor walls, glazed terracotta floors, an untouched underfloor with hypocaust heating, and tons of ceramic roof tiles. Although the plaster painted from these walls was mostly white, plaster walls coloured with green, red and yellow panels were found in the hot sauna room on the north side of the building.

In 2009 Faversham Society Archaeology Research Group (FSARG) uncovered evidence of the town's medieval tannery in the back gardens of Tanner Street. Evidence of Anglo-Saxon occupation was discovered during the Hunt the Saxons project between 2005 and 2007 and a high-status rubbish pit excavated in the "Searching for the Kings Manor" project in 2017-2019.

Government

A charter was granted to the Mayor of Faversham, Jurats and Freemen of the Town of Faversham in 1546, and regranted 1685; the town council was established under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. The parliamentary constituency of Faversham was created for the 1885 general election and replaced by the new constituencies of Sittingbourne and Sheppey and Faversham and Mid Kent at the 1997 general election. The town has been represented by a Member of Parliament from the Conservative Party other than between 1945 and 1970. Since 2015, the constituency's MP has been Conservative Helen Whately.

Faversham is within the Swale local government district. The town contains the four electoral wards of Abbey, Davington Priory, St Ann's and Watling.

Faversham was a large ancient parish, which included rural areas and surrounding villages.  It became a civil parish in 1866, but in 1894 was divided into Faversham Within and Faversham Without.  In 1935 the civil parish of Faversham was recreated and absorbed the civil parishes of Faversham Within, Davington, Preston Within, North Preston Without and South Preston Without, and parts of the civil parishes of Faversham Without, Luddenham and Ospringe (including the village of Ospringe).

The arms of Faversham Town Council, which holds its meetings at Faversham Guildhall, are based on the Royal Arms of England, alluding to the town's regal history.

Geography
Faversham is roughly equidistant between Sittingbourne and Canterbury. It lies  south east of London,  east of Maidstone, and  north from Ashford. Nearby villages include Oare across Oare Creek to the north, Luddenham, Mockbeggar and Ospringe.

Geographically, Faversham sits at a boundary between marshland to the north and a mixture of brick earth, gravel and chalk to the south which leads into the North Downs. Faversham Creek connects the town to the Swale that separates mainland Kent from the Isle of Sheppey. The surrounding area is part of the South Swale Nature Reserve, popular with wildfowl and wading birds. The coastline around Faversham is a by-product of the changes to sea level around Britain since the end of the last ice age. During Roman Britain and into the first millennium, the Faversham coast was a large estuary with Oare and Graveney being peninsulas. Land reclamation during the Middle Ages, which closed the River Wantsum and connected the Isle of Thanet to mainland Kent, resulted in less tidal waters reaching Faversham. This led to the gradual silting up of estuaries; Faversham Creek and its tributaries have been reduced from  to . To stop the creek silting up completely and making navigation impossible, a number of sluices have been installed since the 16th century.

Faversham formerly held the weather record for the highest ever UK temperature (in 2003) at . This was the first time the recorded temperature had ever exceeded  reliably in the UK. This record had stood for nearly 16 years, but was beaten by 0.2 °C (0.4 °F) with a temperature of  recorded in the Cambridge University Botanic Garden on 25 July 2019. Faversham still holds the record for the highest maximum temperature in the UK for August with the previous record in 2003.

The absolute minimum temperature of  was set in January 1966.

At the 2011 UK census, Faversham had a population of 19,316, an increase of 1,606 from the 2001 census. The population figures were split into Abbey (6,084), Davington Priory (2,593), St Ann's (5,268) and Watling (5,371). 9,770 people were employed within the town, split into retail (1,416), education (1,239), health and social work (1,200), construction (836) and manufacturing (692). 17,868 of the town's residents were born in England.

Culture

Arden of Feversham is a play about the murder of Thomas Arden written around 1590, possibly by William Shakespeare or Canterbury-born Christopher Marlowe. It gives its name to the modern Arden Theatre in the town, Local theatre groups perform in the theatre as part of the Canterbury Festival each autumn.

The Royal Cinema is based near the town square. It opened in 1936 and is now Grade II listed. It is one of only two mock Tudor cinemas to survive in the UK.

The Faversham Society was established in 1962, and is one of the oldest civic societies in the UK. It owns and manages the Fleur de Lis Heritage Centre as its headquarters. The Centre hosts a large museum depicting the town's history and culture and hosts the town's Visitor Information Centre, including a bookshop.

The Maison Dieu ('House of God'), located on the A2 to the southwest of the town centre, is a hospital, monastery, hostel, retirement home and Royal lodge commissioned by Henry III in 1234 and now in the care of English Heritage. It is now managed by the Maison Dieu Trust and closely associated to the Faversham Society as a museum of Roman artefacts from the surrounding area.

Davington Priory lies to the northwest of the town centre and was founded in the mid 12th century. It is currently owned and occupied by musician and activist Bob Geldof.

Brogdale Farm, to the south of the town centre, has hosted the DEFRA National Fruit Collection since 1954. It has over 2,040 varieties of apple, 502 of pear, 350 of plum, 322 of cherry and smaller collections of bush fruits, nuts and grapes, all grown in  of orchards. The farm hosts a number of fruit festivals throughout the year, guided tours and activities for schools. It also hosts the 9-inch Faversham miniature railway which runs through the orchards.

In 2011 it was discovered that the town owns an original version of Magna Carta, potentially worth about £20m, rather than a copy worth only £10,000. In 2015, the copy went on display to the public at the town's Alexander Centre – the first time it had been on display for 715 years. The Magna Carta and other town charters are now on permanent display  in 12 Market Place in Faversham.

The 2021 Tamil Film Jagame Thandhiram starring Dhanush was partly filmed in Faversham, including the Iron Wharf.

In August 2023 a copy of a prayer book written by Katharine Parr was found and put on display in the Fleur de Lis Heritage Centre in Faversham. This is the first book printed in English written by a woman.

Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC South East and ITV1 Meridian. Television signals are received from the Dover and Bluebell Hill transmitters as well as a local relay situated to the south west of the town.

Faversham's local radio stations are BBC Radio Kent, Heart South, Gold, KMFM Canterbury and Radio Faversham is a community based radio station.  The local newspapers are Faversham Times, The Faversham News, Eye and yourswale.

Community facilities

Faversham Recreation Ground (locally known as Faversham Rec, or simply The Rec) is to the east of the town centre. It was established in 1860 by a local solicitor, Henry Wreight, who bequeathed his £70,000 estate, including two almshouses housing 70 people, to the town in order that locals would have an area to enjoy. The rec has been preserved and is now run by the town's Municipal Charities. A bandstand was added towards the end of the 19th century, and sporting events began to be held on the rec. A week-long party was held to celebrate the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II in 1953, which drew praise from Princess Andrei of Russia, then living near Faversham. A 50-year extension on the lease, signed in 2010, confirmed its continued use by the public.

The Oare Gunpowder Works, close to the scene of the 1916 explosion at Uplees, is now a country park and nature reserve open to the public free of charge. The Oare Marshes are an important reserve for birds. There is an information centre near the site of the former Harty ferry over the Swale to the Isle of Sheppey. Remains of the process houses and other mill leats have been conserved, and various trails are signposted. An early 20th century electric-powered gunpowder mill which was transferred to Ardeer in 1934 has been repatriated to the country park and is on display. The 18th-century works bell has also been repatriated and is on display at Faversham's Fleur de Lis Heritage Centre. Stonebridge Pond, on the site of the original Chart Mills, was donated to Swale Borough Council in the early 1980s. It is now a haven for wading birds.

Landmarks
Faversham Stone Chapel (in Norton, Buckland and Stone) is the remains of the Church of Our Lady of Elwarton, an ancient monument managed by The Faversham Society. It was originally used for pagan rituals in pre-Roman Britain, and is the only remaining evidence in Britain of a church incorporating a pagan shrine. The building was converted into a church around AD601 when Pope Gregory I encouraged pagan buildings to be converted rather than destroyed. The church has not seen service since the 16th century and was reported as "being in a state of disrepair" and unused since the Reformation.

Although Faversham Abbey was dissolved by Henry VIII the nearby St Mary of Charity, Faversham Parish Church remains, and has been a Grade I listed building since 1950. The church was established in 1147 by King Stephen and Queen Matilda, with a distinctive spire added around 1794 – 97 that can be easily seen from many places around the town. The interior was restored in the mid-19th century by the architect Sir George Gilbert Scott, who redesigned the nave and transepts and added a stone encasing to the spire. The church reputedly contains the remains of King Stephen, which were recovered from Faversham Creek after the dissolution of the abbey. The church holds an altar dedicated to Saints Crispin and Crispinian, who reportedly fled to Faversham in the 3rd century.

St Catherine's Church dates from the Norman period and was extensively restored in the 1860s. The nearby Ospringe Church, to the southwest of town, dates from Norman Britain, aside from a replacement tower built in 1866. The National Shrine of Saint Jude is a Roman Catholic shrine in the Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. It was established in 1955 and regularly attracts Catholic pilgrims.

The Grade II listed St John the Evangelist church on Upper Brents was built in 1881 by Kirk and Son of Sleaford, It was founded by Mrs Hall of Syndale House, Faversham, the widow of a gunpowder manufacturer.

The historic central area, especially the part-pedestrian parts between the station and the creek, attracts visitors, who can learn about the town's history and features at the Fleur-de-Lis centre, which provides tourist information and houses a museum. There is still a regular market several days each week in the market square where the Guildhall stands.  Nearby streets feature old pubs, almshouses, shops and a growing collection of art galleries and restaurants.

Faversham Cottage Hospital opened in 1887. It was extended in 1922 and included a World War I memorial, which was unveiled by Vice Admiral Hugh Evan-Thomas. The memorial was later adapted to commemorate World War II casualties. In 2014, the memorial became Grade II listed.

Faversham Cemetery opened in 1898. The chapel was designed by Edwin Pover. 73 victims of the 1916 gunpowder explosion are buried in the cemetery, where they are commemorated by the Grade II* listed Faversham Munitions Explosion Memorial.  Also interred at the cemetery is the Irish novelist Kate O'Brien.

Transport

Faversham is close to the A2 road, a historically important route from London to Canterbury and the Channel ports. The route began as an ancient trackway which the Romans later paved and marked as   (Second Route) on the Antonine Itinerary. The Anglo-Saxons named it Wæcelinga Stræt (Watling Street) and it was marked as such by Matthew Paris in his Schema Britannie in 1250. The road continued to be an important thoroughfare, and is shown next to Faversham on Philip Symonson's map of Kent published in 1596.

The A2 road still carries traffic between Sittingbourne and Canterbury, though London bound traffic now takes the M2 motorway. The A299 Thanet Way provides access to the Isle of Thanet and the A251 Ashford Road is a local road to Ashford. The Mall is one of the main roads to the town centre from the A2. It was built in the late 18th century as a dignified approach road, and attracted development of villas along its length.

Faversham railway station opened in 1858. It was completely rebuilt in 1898 and is listed Grade II.  A former goods shed built as part of the original railway works is also Grade II listed. Southeastern services travel to London, terminating at either Victoria or St Pancras. In the other direction, trains travel either to Dover Priory (via Canterbury East) or to Ramsgate (via Margate). Since 2009  services via High Speed 1 services have linked Faversham to Ebbsfleet International, Stratford International and London St Pancras.

The town is served by a number of buses. Arriva Southern Counties runs service 333 to Sittingbourne and Stagecoach in East Kent operates routes 3,3X,3A,3B to Canterbury, and route 666 to Ashford. Regent also runs service 638 to Whitstable and 660 to Stalisfield Green and Graveney. National Cycle Route 1 passes through the town, en route from Whitstable to Sittingbourne. Swale Borough Council have expressed concern over the lack of bus and cycle facilities in the town, when compared to road and rail, and there is a particular lack of public transport to nearby rural areas.

Education
There has been a school in Faversham since the twelfth century. Archival evidence has shown this had become a grammar school by 1420. In 1526, John Cole, chaplain to Henry VII and Henry VIII and Warden of All Souls College, Oxford, established a new grammar school on the estate of Ewell Farm. The property fell into disuse after the dissolution of the abbey, and a replacement grammar school was not established until 1587. The Wreights School, a commercial school, was founded in 1856, while a corresponding girls' school, The Gibbs School was established in 1883. The two boys' schools were amalgamated in 1920, forming Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School. The current school dates from 1967, when the boys and girls schools were merged, forming the first co-educational grammar school in Kent.

The Abbey School is a Business and Enterprise Academy formed in September 1983 by the amalgamation of the Ethelbert Road Boys School and Lady Capel School for Girls. It has over 1000 pupils and is located in the south of the town, beside the A2 London Road.

Sport
Faversham Town F.C. were formed in 1884 and compete in Division One South of the Isthmian League. They have a 2000-capacity stadium to the south of the town and are the only team besides the England national football team to wear the 3 lions badge. The King George V playing fields are all that remain of the Mount Field, which in 1876 hosted a first-class match between Kent and Hampshire County Cricket Club.

Cultural references

Author Russell Hoban repurposes Faversham as "Fathers Ham" in his 1980, post apocalyptic novel Riddley Walker.

See also
 Buckland-by-Faversham, a parish to the south-west of Faversham.
 Hazebrouck, a French town twinned with Faversham.
 South East Faversham, a new settlement proposed by the Duchy of Cornwall.

References
Citations

Sources

Further reading
The Great Explosion at Faversham by Arthur Percival
Also reprinted in
The Faversham Gunpowder Industry and its Development, by Arthur Percival (Faversham Papers No 4)
Oare Gunpowder Works, by Wayne Cocroft (Faversham Papers No 39)
Gunpowder Manufacture at Faversham: Oare and Marsh Factories, by Edward Patterson (Faversham Papers No 42)
Faversham Gunpowder Personnel Register 1573–1840, by Raymond Godfrey & Arthur Percival (Faversham Papers No 84)
Faversham Explosives Personnel Register 1841–1934, by John Breeze (2008)

External links

Faversham Town Council website
The Faversham Website
The Faversham Society  Civic Society website with information about the Fleur de Lis Heritage Centre, Chart Gunpowder Mill and Maison Dieu
Faversham Gunpowder Mill showing burial plot and list of victims of the April 1916 explosion

Cinque ports
Borough of Swale
Market towns in Kent
Towns in Kent
Civil parishes in Kent

Faversham


Radio Kalutara | Radio Kalutara Media School

සයිබර් අවකාශයේ නව වෙනසක් එකතු කරමින් ශක්තිමත් වෙබ් නාලිකාවක් ලෙස ඉදිරියට යන රේඩියෝ කළුතර මාධ්‍ය ජාලය අද වන විට ඉතාලිය , ඔස්ට්‍රේලියාව , සයිප්‍රස් , ඇමෙරිකාව , වැනි රටවල් සමගද සබදතා පවත්වාගනිමින් වෙබ් අවකාශයේ දිදුලන නාමයක් අත් කරගනිමින් ඉදිරියට පැමිණෙන මාධ්‍ය ජාලයක් ලෙස හදුන්වා දිය හැක. අලුත් පරපුරේ ගීත නිර්මාණකරුවන්ට , සංගීත ශිල්පීන්ට වීඩියෝ නිර්මාණය කරන්නට මෙන්ම කෙටි චිත්‍රපට නිර්මාණයට රුචිකත්වයක් දක්වන අයට හා විවිධ ඉසවු ඔස්සේ කලාව සමග සම්බන්ද වන අයට අත්වැලක් සැපයීම රේඩියෝ කළුතර මාධ්‍ය ආයතනයේ අරමුණයි.තරුණ නව නිර්මාණකරුවන්ට අවසථාව ලබාදීම සදහා මින් පෙර රේඩියෝ කළුතර මාධ්‍ය ජාලය බොහෝ කැපකිරීම කර ඇති අතර අද වන විට සමාජ ජාල මාධ්‍ය හරහා කතා බහට ලක්වන , බොහෝ පිරිසකගේ ආකර්ෂණය දිනා ගත් මාධ්‍ය ජාලයක් ලෙස හැදින්විය හැක.තවද සමාජ ජාල හරහා නව නිර්මාණ කරමින් ඉදිරියට ගිය බොහෝ කලාකරුවන්ද සහෝදරත්වයෙන් අත්වැල් බැදගන්නා මාධ්‍ය ජාලයක් ලෙස රේඩියෝ කළුතර මාධ්‍ය ජාලය සමාජයට අවතීර්ණ වී ඇත.ව්‍යාපාරික ක්ෂේත්‍රයේ නියුතු දැවැන්ත චරිත මෙන්ම ආයතන සහ අධ්‍යාපනික ආයතන රේඩියෝ කළුතර සමග අඛණ්ඩව කටයුතු කරන්නේ විශ්වාසයේ සහතිකය නිසාවෙනි.

එලෙසම දැයේ දරු දැරියන්ගේ අනාගතය දිරිමත් කිරීම අරමුණු කරගනිමින් ඔවුන්ගේ නායකත්වය හා පෞර්ෂත්වය වර්ධනය කිරීමට රේඩියෝ කළුතර මාධ්‍ය ජාලය විසින් මෙහෙයවන "මාධ්‍ය පාසල" නමින් නායකත්ව පුහුණු සහ පුද්ගල සංවර්ධන පාඨමාලාවක් නොමිලේ දරුවන් වෙනුවෙන් පවත්වාගෙන යනු ලබයි. ජීවිත අධ්‍යාපනය , ප්‍රවෘත්ති නිවේදනය හා වාර්තාකරණය , නාට්‍ය හා රංග කලාව , ඡායාරූපකරණය සහ තවත් විෂය ක්ෂේත්‍රයන් රැසක් ඔස්සේ විනෝදාත්මක ක්‍රියාකාරකම් වල නිරත වෙමින් විශිෂ්ට ගණයේ පුහුණුවක් ලැබීමට දරුවන්ට මෙහිදී අවස්ථාව ලැබේ.එමෙන්ම සංගීතය , චිත්‍ර , නැටුම් , නිවේදනය , ක්‍රීඩා , මෝස්‌තරකරණය , නිරූපණ ශිල්පය , තොරතුරු හා සන්නිවේදන තාක්ෂණය යන දරුවන් කැමති ඕනෑම විෂය ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් ඔස්සේ ඉදිරියට යාමට සහ ඔවුන්ගේ හැකියාව දියුණු කරගැනීමටත් එම ක්ෂේත්‍රයන්ට අදාල ප්‍රවීණයන් හා සම්බන්ද වීමටත් මෙමගින් අවස්ථාව ලබාදේ.එලෙසම පාසලේ පවතින සංවිධාන වන ශිෂ්‍යනායක මණ්ඩලය , මාධ්‍ය සංසද වැනි සංගම්වල කටයුතු කරන දරුවන්ටද එම සංවිධාන වලට අදාළව විශේෂ පුහුණු වැඩසටහන් ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම මගින් එම සංවිධාන තවදුරටත් සංවර්ධනය කිරීමට රේඩියෝ කළුතර මාධ්‍ය ජාලය අපේක්ෂා කරයි.

මෙවැනි සමාජ මෙහෙවරන් රැසක් කරමින් ඉදිරියට යන රේඩියෝ කළුතර මාධ්‍ය ජාලය සමාජයට යහපත් වූ පණිවුඩ ලබාදෙමින් පුද්ගලයින් තුල යහපත් වූ ආකාරයේ වටිනාකම් හා ආකල්ප සංවර්ධනය කරන්නට අනවරත අරගලයක යෙදේ.

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Dina (en urdú y panyabí: دینہ) es una ciudad en plena expansión comercial en el distrito de Jhelum en la provincia de Panyab (Pakistán). Está a unos 16 kilómetros al noroeste de la ciudad de Jhelum, donde hay un cruce con la carretera a la Presa de Mangla y Fuerte de Rohtas. El histórico camino de tronco magnífico pasa por el centro de la ciudad. Una pequeña industria que existe en la ciudad, como industria de la madera, industria del hierro y de mármol fuera de la ciudad. La principal fuente de ingresos de los residentes de la ciudad es ingreso de divisas. Como un gran número de ciudadanos de la ciudad se establecieron en el extranjero. Se estima que alrededor del 60 por ciento de la gente está en países extranjeros. Segunda fuente principal de ingresos es el empleo militar en Pakistán. La fuente de ingresos en los pueblos cercanos es la agricultura.

Gobierno
En 1977, un comité municipal se estableció en Dina, pero el estado de la ciudad fue cambiado a una subdivisión administrativa o tehsil de Jhelum Distrito. La ciudad está dividida en dos consejos de la Unión: UC 23 y UC 24.

Geografía
La ciudad está situada en 33° 1' 42 N y 73° 36' 4 E, y tiene una altitud de 275 metros (905 pies) [1] y tiene una superficie de unos 21.880 acres (88,5 km²).

Tribus y clanes
Las tribus Jats, Ghakkars, Mughals, gujjars, Mirzas, Kashmiri Butts y balouch tienen el control principal sobre las actividades políticas, y ocupan la mator parte del terreno de la ciudad de Dina.

Pueblos
Bara Giran
Burha Jungla
Boharian
Chak Akah
Chahmala
Channi Gujran
Chakyam
Chak Daria
Chak Hafizan
Chittan
Dhadhowal
Dhowal
Dhoke Moka
Dhoke Padhal
Dhok Rajghan
Dhok Ranga
Gaggar Khurd
Gaggar klan
Hari
Jandalah
Kala Gujran
Kantrila
Kurlan
Khojaki
Khukha
Maldev
Mehtah
Motah
Mota Gharbi
Muftian
Nakki
Nakodar
Natain
Pandori
Pind Jatah
Rehana
Rohtas
Said Husain
Sagri

Barrios de Dina
Domeli Mohallaha
Khalilabad Mohallaha
Station Mohallaha
Naya(New) Mohallaha
Liaqat Town
Quaid e Azam Town
Mahsoom Mohallaha
Islam Pura Mohallaha
Mughal abad
Iqbal Town

Localidades de Punyab (Pakistán)

Dina (Pakistán)


شرشور العُصَافة المألوف ويسمى أيضاً  البِرْقِش المبذول أو العصفور الظالم أو الصغنج أو الشُّرشُور  هو طائر ينتمي إلى شرشوريات، شائع جداً في جميع أنحاء أوروبا والمغرب، ويتواجد في غرب آسيا وشمال غرب أفريقيا وجزر الكناري وجزر ماديرا. وعلى الرغم من أنه شائع في الحدائق والأراضي الزراعية، لكنه يفضل الغابات المفتوحة، وهو يبني أعشاشه في الأشجار ويزينها بحيث تصبح أكثر تمويهاً، ويضع حوالي ستة بيضات. يترك شرشور العصافة المألوف المناطق الباردة في فصل الشتاء، حيث تغادر بعض الإناث، ويبقى الكثير من الذكور.

طالع أيضًا
 قائمة طيور مصر

مراجع

أصنوفات سماها كارولوس لينيوس
أنواع القائمة الحمراء غير المهددة
شرشور
طيور أوروبا
طيور المغرب
طيور مصر
طيور منزلية أليفة
طيور وصفت في 1758
طيور الجزائر

شرشور العصافة المألوف


Sri Jayarajacudamani (12th-century), was a princess and queen consort of the Khmer Empire, married to Dharanindravarman II of the Khmer Empire (r. 1150–1160).

She was the daughter of Harshavarman III.

She married before 1125. She best known for being the mother of Jayavarman VII, who was born circa 1125.

Her spouse became king in 1150, and she became queen.

An inscription described Queen Jayarajadevi after her husband went into exile:
"[her] asceticism, her virtuous conduct, her tears, her likeness to Sita, found by her husband and then separated from him, her body thinned by observances, her religion, her devotion to him, her joy at this ultimate return."

References

External links
 History of Jayavarman VII

Cambodian queens
Cambodian Hindus
Khmer Empire
12th-century Cambodian women

Sri Jayarajacudamani


Bishan  léase Bi-Shán () es una distrito urbano bajo la administración del municipio de Chongqing, en el centro de la República Popular China. Se ubica en las riveras del río Yangtsé. Su área es de 914 km² y su población total para 2010 fue más de 500 mil habitantes.

Administración
Desde enero de 2014 el distrito de Bishan se divide en 5 pueblos que se administran en 6 subdistritos y 9 poblados.

Historia
Bishan goza de una historia de 2.000 años.

 En el 316 a.c., Jiangzhou fue fundado aquí.
 En el 757, el condado Bishán fue establecido y administrado por Yuzhou.
 En el 1102, Bishan fue administrado por Gongzhou.
 En el 1189, Gongzhou fue promovido a Chongqingfu.
 En el 1259, el condado Bishan se fusionó con el condado Ba.
 En el 1483, el condado Bishan fue re-restablecido.
 En el 1662, el condado Bishan fue fusionado con el condado Yongchuan.
 En el 1729, el condado Bishan fue re-bautizado otra vez.
 En el 1914, el condado Bishan fue administrado por la provincia de Sichuan.
 En el 1997, el condado Bishan comenzó bajo la administración de Chongqing.

Clima
La temperatura media anual del condado es de 18C, la precipitación es de 1231 mm y está libre de niebla por 337 días.

Referencias

Condados del municipio de Chongqing

Bishan


Gücük, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Elbistan ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş iline 197 km, Elbistan ilçesine 30 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus
Köy halkının büyük bir kısmı yurt dışında yaşamaktadır. 2007 TÜİK nüfus sayımına göre 87 erkek 92 kadın olmak üzere mahalle nüfusu toplam 179'dur.

Dış bağlantılar

https://web.archive.org/web/20110203032632/http://www.gucder.com/

Elbistan'ın mahalleleri

Gücük, Elbistan


Avrupalıların gelişinden önce, Avustralya Aborijin dilleri yalnızca konuşma dilleriydi ve yazma sistemleri yoktu. Kolonicilerin latin alfabesi Avustralya Aborijin dillerinin transkripsiyonu için kaçınılmaz şekilde kullanılmıştır, fakat seslerin nasıl temsil edildiğinin detayları zamanla ve yazardan yazara değişmiştir, bazen aynı sözcük veya ismin çok büyük şekillerde farklı yazımı oluşmuştur.

Erken yazım
İlk başlarda, Avustralya dilleri yazarın duyduğu şekilde İngilizce yazım kurallarına göre yazılmaktaydı. Bu ise Avustralya dillerinde farklı olan fakat İngilizce olmayan seslerin yazımda tek olarak yazılmasına sebep olmuştur. Aynı zamanda Avustralya dillerinde alofon olan fakat İngilizcede farklı olan seslerin farklı yazılmasına sebep olmuştur.

İngilizcedeki birçok Avustralya Aborijin dili kökenli sözcük, aşağıdaki kuralları kullanmıştır ve asıl dilinde sözcüğün nasıl telaffuz edildiği konusunda kesin bir fikir veremez.

Dilbilimsel konuda daha çok bilgiye sahip yazarlar, bazen ŋ veya ġ sembollerini  için kullanmışlardır,  ñ sembolünü  için, sesli harfin uzun olduğu göstermek için (¯) veya inceltme işareti (^) uzun ünlüler için, sesli harflerin kısa okunması için (˘) sembolleri kullanılmıştır, fakat bunlar genellikle tutarsız olarak kullanılmıştır.

Modern pratik yazım
Bugün Avustralya dilleri üzerinde çalışan dilbilimciler belirli fonemik yazımları kullanmaktadırlar, bu sayede her konuşulan sözcük yalnız bir şekilde yazılır ve her yazılan sözcük yalnız bir şekilde okunabilir.

Genellikle, fakat her zaman değil, pratik yazımlar yalnızca temel Roman alfabesi harflerini kullanır. Bu ise standart karakteri olmayan sesler için digrafların kullanılmasını gerektirir. Bazı durumlarda bu belirsizliklere yol açar, örneğin tek ses  ve sessiz harflerinin  her ikisi de ng olarak yazılabilir. Genellikle n.g (araya nokta eklenerek), n'g (kesme işareti ekleyerek) veya nk şekillerinde yazılarak bu sorunun üstesinden gelinebilir.

Sesliler ve yarı sesliler
Çoğu Avustralya dilleri üç sesli kullanır, bunlar i, a ve u olarak yazılırlar. Bazı durumlarda e veya o olarak ses verebilir, fakat e veya o olarak yazılmazlar, örneğin Martuthunira sözcüğü wirrirri "alev" kabaca vereri olarak  telaffuz edilir. Uzun sesliler çift harfle gösterilirler, örneğin ii , aa , uu .

İngilizcedeki yarı seslilerden w ve y İngilizcede olduğu gibi telaffuz edilir. Bazı dillerde w u sesinin yanında, ve y i sesine yanında telaffuz edilmez fakat dilbilimciler yine de onları yazmayı terchi eder. Örneğin Gamilaraay yinarr "kadın" gerçekte inar olarak telaffuz edilir .

Az sayıda dilde dişsel yarı sesli mevcuttur, bu ise yh olarak telaffuz edilir (aşağıdaki boğumlamanın yeri kısmına bakınız).

Rotikler
Avustralya dillerinin birçoğu iki rotiğe veya r-gibi seslere sahiptir: Amerikan İngilizcesinde olduğu gibi r olarak yazılan bir üstdamaksıl aproksiman; ve ses titremesi şeklinde veya çarpma şeklinde bir ses (her ikisi de İspanyolcada bulunur) olan ve rr olarak yazılan ses.

Bu iki r'den sadece birine sahip dillerde, yalnızca r yazılır.

Boğumlamanın yeri
Çiftdudaksıl, artdamaksıl ve alveoler sessizler genellikle İngilizcede olduğu gibi yazılırlar, örneğin p , b , m , k , g , ng , t , d , n , l . Ng ayrıca eng olarak adlandırılan ŋ karakteri ile de yazılabilir.

Damaksal sessizler bir alveoler sessiz + j şeklinde eklenen digraf ile gösterilirler, örneğin tj , dj , nj , lj . J tek başına dj yerine veya ny nj yerinede kullanılabilir.

Dişsel sessizler alveoler sessiz + h şeklinde eklenen digraf ile gösterilirler. Örneğin th , dh , nh , lh . th Avustralya İngilizcesinde olduğu gibi frikatit değildir, fakat İrlanda İngilizcesinde olduğu gibi kesme şeklindedir.

Üstdamaksıl sessizler r + alveoler sessiz şeklinde digraf ile gösterilirler. Örneğin rt , rd , rn , rl .

Bazı dillerde damaksıl-artdamaksıl sessizler vardır, damaksıl ile artdamaksıl arasındadır. Yanyuwa için, yk , nyk  (bir ön-genizsel duruş— Ön-genizsel için aşağıya bakınız), nyng  olarak yazılırlar.

Duruşların seslendirilmesi
Avustralya dillerinin birçoğu seslendirilmiş ve sessiz
duruşları ayırt etmez, bu nedenle t ve d aynı sesin farkları olarak olur. Her iki alofon aynı şekilde yazılır, fakat sessiz veya sesli sembollerden hangisinin kullanılacağı o dilde kullanım sıklığına göre değişir. Bazı diller bir dilbilimci tarafından sesli sembolle yazılırken, diğer tarafından sessiz sembolle yazılabilir. Daha fazlası, bazı dilbilimciler bir dildeki bazı sessizler için sessiz olanı kullanırken diğeri için sesli sembolü kullanmayı seçebilirler.

Ancak bazı diller sesli ve sessiz duruşları ayırmaktadır.

Ön-genizsel
Bazı diller ön-genizsel sessizlere sahiptir, genizsel bir sesten önce bir duruş olur ve bu tek ses olarak kabul edilir. Yanyuwada bunlar mb , ngk , nj , nth , nd , rnd  olarak yazılırlar.

Kaynakça

Kanıt gösterilen kaynaklar

Genel kaynaklar

Dış bağlantılar
 Avustralya Yerli Dillerinin Fonetiği ve Fonolojisi

Avustralya Yerli dilleri
Fonetik alfabeler
Yazı


David Stoctkon (Spokane, Washington, SAD), američki profesionalni košarkaš. Igra na mjestu beka šutera. Sin je američkog košarkaša Johna Stocktona i Hrvatice Nade, pa ima i hrvatsko državljanstvo. Godine 2014. na D-ligi Drafta draftirali su ga Maine Red Claws. U NBA igrao u Sacramento Kingsima i Utah Jazzu.

Izvori

Američki košarkaši
Hrvatski košarkaši
Hrvati u SAD-u

David Stockton


Vaso Đurđević - Turčin (Bršadin, 31. prosinca 1923. - okolica Marinaca, 30. svibnja 1944.) bio je sudionik Narodno-oslobodilačke borbe i narodni heroj Jugoslavije.

Životopis
Vaso je bio najmlađi sin Milisava i Dragice Đurđević, koji su pored njega imali još i sinove Dušana i Peru i kćeri Milenu i Ljubicu. Obitelj se bavila poljoprivredom, a tijekom ranog djetinjstva im umire otac.

Nakon okupacije Jugoslavije u domu braće Đurđević osniva se prva ilegalna partizanska grupa na području vukovarske okolice i šire, odnosno štab za dizanje ustanka pod komandom Đoke Patkovića iz Bobote i tehničkim rukovodstvom Drage Marušića - Španjolca iz Zagreba, člana CK KPH. Ova malobrojna skupina (u početku samo 10ak) je djelovala na potezu Vukovar-Osijek-Vinkovci. Iako vrlo mlad, Vaso Đurđević sudjeluje u formiranju prvih partizanskih skupina, prikupljanju oružja i sanitetskog materijala, dok se u njegovoj kući nalazila tiskara za izradu propagandnih materijala.

U noći između 3. i 4. prosinca 1941. zbog izdaje, dom Đurđevića biva napadnut pri čemu brat Pero biva ubijen. Ubrzo u seoskom ataru gine i drugi brat Dušan opkoljen izvršivši samoubojstvo aktivirajući ručnu bombu. Majku Dragicu, sestru Ljubu i šogora Svetozara Okovačkog privode, muče i strijeljaju u Dudiku. Vaso je, također, bio uhićen, ali su ga pustili na slobodu, nakon čega on odlazi u partizane.

Tijekom 1942. godine s partizanima djeluje po Slavoniji i Srijemu, napadajući policijske postaje, neprijateljska uporišta i centre neprijateljske komunikacije. Travnja 1943. godine postaje član udarne skupine pri Okružnom komitetu KPH za Osijek. Zbog izdaje, njemačke postrojbe napadaju Bršadin i Udarnu grupu Diljskog (Brodskog) vojnog područja kojom je komandovao Vaso Đurđević, a koja se nalazila izvan sela, te tom prilikom ubijaju i Vasu nedaleko od Marinaca 30. svibnja 1944. godine.

Naredbom štaba 2. Jugoslavenske Armije, 15. veljače 1946. godine posmrtno biva odlikovan "Ordenom za hrabrost" kao politički rukovodilac Prve udarne grupe osječkog okruga. Ukazom Narodne skupštine FNRJ 20. prosinca 1951. godine proglašen je za narodnog heroja.

Njegova bista se nalazi u centru Bršadina, a njegovo ime nosi i kulturno-umjetničko društvo iz Bršadina.

Izvori
 Web Arhiva: KUD Vaso Đurđević - Ko je bio Vaso Đurđević

Narodni heroji Jugoslavije
Srbi u Hrvatskoj
Bršadin

Vaso Đurđević


Atik mahala, Stara mahala odnosno Džamijska mahala je najstarija mahala u Tuzli. Datira iz vremena prijelaza 15. u 16. stoljeće. Nalazi se na mjestu gdje je nekad bila Drvena utvrda. Smještena je poslije unutar utvrde. Bila je najveća u Tuzli pred polovicu 16. stoljeća i u ovoj mahali je tad bilo 97 kuća. U ovoj je mahali najstarija tuzlanska džamija, po kojoj je dobila ime Džamijska odnosno Atik. Mahale u Tuzli dobile su imena po vjerskim objektima jer su nastale uz njih, pa je Atik mahala dobila ime Atik (Šarenoj) džamiji iz 1533. godine. Pored Atik mahale bila je kapija u Palanci koja je vodila ka ovoj mahali, Atik kapija.

1882. godine nastala je predšasnica današnje osnovne škole Pazar. Podignuta je zgrada u Atik mahalai pod imenom Druga osnovna škola. Bila je namijenjena za potrebe medrese i ruždije. Pripadala je Vakufmedresi. Nalazila se u neposrednom susjedstvu današnje Stare ulice i Ulice Stari grad.

Izvori

Mahale u Tuzli

Atik mahala


Mehmet Coral (d. 1946, İzmir) Türk yazar. İzmir Maarif Koleji (Bornova Anadolu Lisesi)'ni bitirdi. Amsterdam Üniversitesi'nde iş idaresi ve ekonomi üzerine ihtisas yaptı. Mezun olduktan sonra Lahey Uluslararası Hukuk Akademisi'nde lisans üstü çalışmalar yaptı. Ardından İstanbul'a yerleşti. 1990'lı yıllardan itibaren yazarlığa başladı. 1999'da Türkiye'yi temsilen katıldığı Balkan halkları edebiyat ödülü Balkanika'da ödül komitesince eserlerinin, bütün Balkan dillerine çevrilmesine karar verildi. Kitapları İngilizce, Fransızca, İtalyanca ve Yunanca'ya çevrildi.

Eserleri
 Bizans'ta Kayıp Zaman (1998)
 Konstantiniye'nin Yitik Günceleri (1999)
 Sonsuz Meltem (2000)
 Ölüm Satanlar (2000)
 Işıkla Yazılsın Sonsuza Adım (2001)
 İzmir - 13 Eylül 1922 (2003)
 Zamanın Ve Düşüncenin Sınırlarında Uçarken (2003)
 Paslı Güneş (2005)
 Tımarhane Adası (2006)
 Meryem Planı (2007)
 Ateşin Gelını: Gavur Izmir (2008)
 Alaçatı'da Aşk (2009)
 Zamanın Kızı (İstanbul'un Sarı Gülü) (2010)
 Allah Benim Enel Hak (2011)
 Hümeyranın Anıları (2012)
 Ben El Fakir-Ül-Hakir Sinan (2013)
 Küçük Prens - Çöle Düşen Yıldız (2014)

Ödüller
Bal Vakfı Sanat Ödülü, 2001
Mevlana Yüce Vakfı Edebiyat Ödülü, 2010
İzmir BB Tarihe Saygı Edebiyat Ödülü, (2011)

Kaynakça

1947 doğumlular
İzmir doğumlular
20. yüzyıl Türk yazarları
21. yüzyıl Türk yazarları
Resim aranan yazarlar
Bornova Anadolu Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Talas Amerikan Okulunda öğrenim görenler
Yaşayan insanlar

Mehmet Coral


Estadio Gran Parque Central eða einfaldlega Parque Central er knattspyrnuleikvangur í Montevideo og heimavöllur félagsliðsins Nacional. Völlurinn
kom við sögu á HM 1930 og fór annar af tveimur fyrstu leikjum í sögu heimsmeistaramótsins þar fram.

Saga
 Parque Central er veigamikið mannvirki í sögu Úrúgvæ og á sögufrægum slóðum. Leikvangurinn var reistur árið 1900 á sama stað og þjóðhetjan José Artigas var útnefndur leiðtogi þjóðarinnar árið 1811. Í millitíðinni hafði helsti nautaatshringur Montevideo verið á svæðinu.

Völlurinn var tekinn í notkun árið 1900 og hýsti þá félagið Deutscher Fussball Klub í knattspyrnumóti Úrúgvæ sem hóf göngu sína sama ár. Fyrsti leikurinn var á milli Deutscher Fussball Klub og Central Uruguay Railway Cricket Club, sem lauk með sigri þeirra síðarnefndu. Nöfn liðanna gefa góða vísbendingu um mikilvægi útlendinga á upphafsskeiði fótboltans í landinu.

Deutscher Fussball Klub var starfsmannalið þýska sporvagnafyrirtækisins Tranvias a la Union y Maroñas, sem átti einmitt lóðina sem völlurinn reis á. Íþróttasvæðið samanstóð af tveimur knattspyrnuvöllum og fjórum tennisvöllum. Ári síðar samdi sporvagnafélagið um að Nacional fengi afnot af hinum fótboltavellinum og hefur félagið leikið á svæðinu til þessa dags.

Þótt miklar breytingar hafi átt sér stað á leikvangnum í gegnum tíðina eru nokkrir hlutar hans enn upprunalegir.

Parque Central var stærsti leikvangur Úrúgvæ til ársins 19930 þegar Estadio Centenario var tekinn í notkun. Nýi völlurinn átti að vera tilbúinn fyrir fyrstu heimsmeistarakeppnina í knattspyrnu en framkvæmdir töfðust vegna mikilla rigningar. Því þurfti að breyta áætlunum og leika sex viðureignir á Parque Central, þar á meðal annan opnunarleikinn. Þar mættust Bandaríkin og Belgía. Á sama tíma fór önnur viðureign milli Frakka og Mexíkó fram á Estadio Pocitos.

Úrúgvæsk margnota íþróttamannvirki

Estadio Gran Parque Central


Odderade er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Mitteldithmarschen i den centrale del af Kreis Dithmarschen. Kreis Dithmarschen ligger i den sydvestlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Odderade er beliggende mellem Nordhastedt og Sarzbüttel. Nærmeste by er Meldorf. En stor del af skoven Riesewohld, der er det største skovområde i Dithmarschen, ligger i kommunen.

Nabokommuner
Nabokommuner er (med uret fra nord) kommunerne Nordhastedt, Arkebek, Tensbüttel-Röst og Sarzbüttel (alle i Kreis Dithmarschen).

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side  på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Dithmarschen

Odderade


Haswell ist der Codename einer Prozessor-Mikroarchitektur des Chipherstellers Intel, welche als Nachfolger der Ivy-Bridge-Architektur im 2. Quartal 2013 erschien. Wie Ivy Bridge basiert auch Haswell auf dem 22-nm-Verfahren. Die integrierte GPU unterstützt zudem DirectX 11.1 und OpenGL 4.0. Es werden Mainboards mit Sockel 1150 sowie einem der 80er-Chipsätze benötigt. Für die Haswell-Prozessoren der zweiten Generation, auch Haswell Refresh genannt, sind die Chipsätze der 90er-Reihe vorgesehen.

Offiziell wurden die Haswell-Prozessoren am 1. Juni 2013 vorgestellt, wenige Tage vor Beginn der IT-Messe Computex. Einzelne Händler in China und anderen Teilen Asiens begannen allerdings schon früher mit dem Verkauf von Haswell-Prozessoren und LGA1150-Mainboards.

Der Codename wurde von der Ortschaft Haswell im US-Bundesstaat Colorado hergeleitet.

Design
Haswell wurde besonders auf Energieeffizienz und Leistung optimiert, um die Vorteile der neuen FinFET-Transistoren zu nutzen, die beim Wechsel auf den 22-nm-Fertigungsprozess eingeführt wurden. Dazu bietet er die , abgekürzt AVX2.

Chipsatz für Haswell-Prozessoren
Haswell-Prozessoren sind nicht kompatibel zu den Chipsätzen für die Ivy-Bridge-Prozessoren. Zusätzlich führt Intel mit Haswell neue Chipsätze mit zusätzlichen Ausstattungsmerkmalen, wie etwa mehr USB-3.0-Schnittstellen, ein.

Erläuterungen

 ULT = Ultra Low Thermal Design Power; ULX = Ultra Low eXtreme TDP.
 Nur bestimmte BGA-Versionen werden eine GT3 (Intel HD 5000, Intel Iris 5100) oder GT3e (Intel Iris Pro 5200) integrierte Grafikeinheit erhalten. Alle anderen Modelle erhalten die GT2 (Intel HD 4X00) integrierte Grafikeinheit. Weitere Informationen darüber bietet Intel HD Graphics.
 Da Ultrabooks und Tablets einen geringen Energieverbrauch voraussetzen, werden Haswell-ULT und Haswell-ULX-Prozessoren nur in einer Dual-Core-Variante verfügbar sein. Alle anderen Versionen sind Dual- oder Quad-Core-Modelle.

Leistung
Im Vergleich zu Ivy Bridge hat Haswell ca. 8 % mehr Vektorverarbeitungsleistung und eine bis zu 6 % bessere Single-Thread-Leistung. Außerdem verbraucht ein Haswell-Prozessor unter Last ca. 8 % weniger Strom als ein vergleichbares Ivy-Bridge-Modell. Darüber hinaus kann eine Verbesserung der sequentiellen CPU-Leistung um 6 % gegenüber Ivy Bridge verzeichnet werden (statt 6 jetzt 8 Ausführungsports pro Kern). Die Hauptoptimierung wurde bei der integrierten Grafikeinheit durchgeführt, hier wurde eine um 20 % gesteigerte Leistung gegenüber dem Vorgänger Intel HD 4000 erzielt (Haswell HD 4600 vs. Ivy Bridge HD 4000).

Modelle

Haswell erschien in mehreren Versionen:

Haswell-DT
Desktop-Version (Sockel LGA1150)
 Vierkernprozessor (Quad-Core)
 L1-Cache: je Kern 32 + 32 KiB (Daten + Instruktionen)
 L2-Cache: je Kern 256 KiB mit Prozessortakt
 L3-Cache: 2 MiB bis 8 MiB
 MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.2, Intel 64, EIST, XD-Bit, IVT, AES-Instruktionen, AVX, AVX2, SMT, TXT, gather, BMI1, BMI2, FMA3
 integrierte GPU
 Sockel 1150
 Verlustleistung (TDP): 35–84 W
 Erscheinungsdatum: 4. Juni 2013
 Fertigungstechnik: 22 nm
 Die-Größe: 177 mm² bei 1,4 Milliarden Transistoren (inkl. iGPU und integr. Northbridge)
 Taktraten: 2,3–4,4 GHz
 Modelle: Intel Core i7-4770 Serie

Haswell-MB
Mobile Version (PGA-Sockel)

Haswell (BGA-Version)
 47 W und 57 W TDP: Haswell-H (für "All-in-one"-Systeme, Mini-ITX-Mainboards und andere Mainboards im kleinen Formfaktor)
 13,5 W und 15 W TDP (MCM): Haswell-ULT (für Intels Ultrabook-Plattform)
 10 W TDP (SoC): Haswell-ULX (für Tablet-Computer und bestimmte Ultrabook-Implementierungen)

Haswell-E
High-End-Desktop (FCLGA2011-3)
 Sechskernprozessor (Hexa-Core)/Achtkernprozessor (Octa-Core)#* L1-Cache: je Kern 32 + 32 KiB (Daten+Instruktionen)
 L2-Cache: je Kern 256 KiB mit Prozessortakt
 L3-Cache: 15 MiB bis 20 MiB
 MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.2, Intel 64, EIST, XD-Bit, IVT, AES-Instruktionen, AVX, AVX2, SMT, TXT, gather, BMI1, BMI2, FMA3
 Sockel 2011-3
 Verlustleistung (TDP): 140 W
 Erscheinungsdatum: 29. August 2014
 Fertigungstechnik: 22 nm
 Die-Größe: 356 mm² bei 2,6 Milliarden Transistoren (inkl. integr. Northbridge)
 Taktraten: 3,0–3,7 GHz
 Modelle: Intel Core i7-5900 Serie

Haswell-EP
Server-Version (FCLGA2011-3)

Roadmap

Siehe auch
 Intel-Core-i-Serie
 Liste der Intel-Core-i-Prozessoren
 Accelerated Processing Unit

Weblinks
 Golem-Artikel über die Haswell-Mikroarchitektur

 Haswell Prozessoren
 Haswell-E Prozessoren

Einzelnachweise

Prozessorarchitektur
Haswellmikroarchitektur

Intel-Haswell-Mikroarchitektur