Edirne'nin Fethi, Bizans İmparatorluğu'nun elindeki Edirne'nin (o zamanki adıyla Hadrianopolis) Osmanlı İmparatorluğu kontrolüne geçmesiyle sonuçlanan süreç. Olayın gerçekleştiği yıl kaynaklara göre 1361-1371 arasında değişiklik gösterirken fethi gerçekleştiren isimler de kaynaklara göre değişir. Alınmasından bir süre sonra Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na başkentlik yapan şehir, 1453'te İstanbul'un (o dönemdeki adı Konstantinopolis) ele geçirilmesi sonrasında başkent oluşuna kadar bu statüsünü sürdürdü.

Arka plan
Osmanlı Devleti'nin kuruluş döneminde Balkanlardaki fetihlerini gerçekleştiren kuvvetlerin başında, Osmanlı Padişahı Orhan Gazi'nin en büyük oğlu Süleyman Paşa bulunmaktaydı. Yapılan fetihler sonrasında bölgede paşa sancağı kurulmuştu. Sancak, batıda Keşan ile İpsala arasında Yayla Dağı'ndan ve Malkara ile Hayrabolu'yu ayıran dağlık bölgeden geçmekte, Marmara Denizi sahillerinde Tekfurdağı kasabası güneyinde Bakacık Tepesi ve Hora'ya (günümüzde Hoşköy) kadar uzanmaktaydı.

1357 yazında, 11 yaşındaki oğlu Halil'in Foçalı korsanlara esir düşmesinin ardından Orhan Gazi, oğlunu kurtarmak için Bizans İmparatoru V. İoannis'a başvurdu. İki taraf arasında yapılan anlaşma gereğince Osmanlılar Bizans topraklarına saldırmayacak, Foçalılara gönderilecek gemilerin masraflarını üstlenecek, Bizans İmparatoru'nun eski borçlarını silecek ve Rumeli'de imparatora karşı duran Matheos Kantakuzinos'a yardımdan vazgeçerek İmparatoru destekleyecekti. Anlaşmadan önce Matheos Kantakuzinos ile işbirliği yapan Osmanlılar, bu sayede Rumeli'ye yerleşme imkânı bulmuştu ve buradaki fetihlerini sürdürmekteydi. Diğer taraftan Süleyman Paşa, Halil'in esir düşmesinden bir süre sonra ölmüş, en büyük kardeşi Murad, lalası Şahin ile birlikte Rumeli'deki uç bölgesine gönderilmişti. Matheos Kantakuzinos ise Sırplar tarafından yakalanmış ve imparatora teslim edilmişti. Orhan Gazi'nin zorlaması üzerine bizzat İoannis Paleologos'un da bulunduğu üç kadırga 1358 baharında Foçalıların üzerine gitti. Foçalıları karadan sıkıştırmak için ise Saruhanoğulları Beyi İlyas Bey ile anlaşılmıştı. Ancak her iki taraf da başarısız oldu ve imparator şehre geri döndü. Orhan Gazi'nin imparatora, oğlunu kurtarmazsa anlaşmayı bozacağını ve Bizans topraklarına karşı saldırılara yeniden başlayacağını belirtmesi üzerine imparator, iki gemiyle birlikte Prokonnesos'a (günümüzde Marmara Adası) gitti ve burada Orhan Gazi'yle buluşmasının ardından aynı yıl içinde Foça'ya hareket etti. Bu sefer de bir sonuç alınamayınca 1359 baharında Kadıköy'e gelen Orhan Gazi, imparatorun elçileriyle gemide bir görüşme yaptı. Oğlu Halil'in kurtarılmasının ardından, imparatorun kızıyla nişanlanması ve aralarındaki barışın daimi olması şartlarıyla tekrar bir anlaşma yapıldı. Aynı yılın yaz aylarında Foça'ya hareket eden imparator, Halil'i kurtardı ve İstanbul'a getirerek on yaşındaki kızı İrini ile nişanladı. 1359 yılının Eylül sonlarına tekabül eden tarihlerde Halil gemi ile İzmit'e getirilip, babasına teslim edildi. 1357 yazında esir düşen Halil'in 1359 yazında kurtarılmasına kadar geçen yaklaşık iki yıllık sürede, iki devlet arasında Rumeli'de herhangi bir çatışma yaşanmamıştı.

Osmanlı gazilerinin müttefiki olan Matheos Kantakuzinos'un bölgeden atılmasının ardından, hâkimiyet doğrudan İoannis Paleologos'un kontrolüne geçmişti. Halil'in kurtarılmasından kısa süre sonra Rumeli'deki gazilerin başında bulunan Orhan Gazi'nin Murad'ın lalası Şahin ve uç beyleri Hacı İlbey ile Gazi Evrenos, bölgede yeniden fetih hareketlerine giriştiler. Rumeli'deki Osmanlı kuvvetleri, 1359'dan itibaren doğuya sistemli akınlar düzenlemeye başladı. Floransalı Matteo Villani'nin belirttiğine göre bu taarruzlar sırasında Dimetoka (o zamanki adıyla Didymeteichon) ilk defa geçici olarak Osmanlıların eline geçmiş, Türk akıncıları aynı yıl İstanbul (o zamanki adıyla Konstantinopolis) surları karşısında görünmüştü.

Fetih hakkındaki görüşler
Fethin yapıldığı yılı farklı belirten çalışmalar mevcuttur. Aleksandr Burmov, Sırp kronikleri ile Laonikos Halkokondiles ve Giacomo Luccari'nin kayıtlarına dayanarak 26 Eylül 1371'deki Çirmen Muharebesi'nden hemen sonra, 1371'in Eylül sonları ile Ekim başları civarında yapıldığını öne sürmektedir. Ancak Burmov, son iki kaynakta yer alan, Edirne'yi fetheden ordunun başında Süleyman Paşa bulunduğu bilgisini reddeder. O dönemdeki genel durumu da göz önünde bulundurarak fetih tarihini 1371 olarak belirten Burmov'a göre Sırp prenslerinin birden Çirmen'e gelmeleri ve o zamanlar Arnavutluk taraflarında bulunan Vukašin Mrnjavčević'in kardeşi Jovan Uglješa ile birleşmesi sonucunda bölgede gerçekleşen Çirmen Muharebesi, Edirne'yi Osmanlıların elinden kurtarmak için düzenlenmişti. Bu muharebede Sırp tarafının yenilmesi üzerine şehir, Osmanlı egemenliğine girmişti. Ancak Georgiy Ostrogorskiy Burmov'un kaynak olarak kullandığı Sırp kroniklerinde Osmanlıların Balkanlardaki ilerleyişi hakkındaki bazı tarihlerin hatalı gösterilmesi ve eserini 1480 civarında yazmış olan Halkokondiles'in de kronolojik hatalara düşmüş olması sebebiyle Burmov'un bu hükmünün doğru olmadığını belirtir ve 1362 tarihini ortaya atar. Diğer taraftan Burmov, Bizanslı yazarlardan VI. İoannis ve Demetrios Kydones'in Edirne'nin düşmesinden hiç bahsetmemeleri, olayın 1371 öncesinde yaşanmadığının bir göstergesi olarak belirtir. Kantakuzinos'un hatıratında kendisini suçlu durumuna düşürecek olan bu fetihten hiç bahsetmemiş olma ihtimali ve Kydones'in ise olayları ayrı ayrı anlatmak yerine durumun genel bir betimlemesini yapması sebebiyle bu iki kaynakta fetihle alakalı bir veri olmayabileceği ihtimali üzerinde duran Halil İnalcık da, Burmov'un Edirne'nin 1371'deki Çirmen Muharebesi'nden sonra fethedildiği tezinin kesin delillere dayanmadığını ifade etmektedir.

Konstantin Josef Jireček, Burmov'dan önce yazdığı eserlerinde Bizans Kısa Kroniklerinde verilen tarihi esas alarak Orhan Gazi'nin 1362'de öldüğünü belirtmekte ve kendisinden sonra yerine gelen oğlu I. Murad'ın 1363'ten sonra Edirne'yi fethettiğini ileri sürmektedir. Daha sonraları Jireček; eserini 14. yüzyılda yazmış olan Mihail Panaretos'un, Edirne'de bulunan Trabzon İmparatoru III. İoannis'un veba salgını sebebiyle 1362 Mart'ında Sinop'a kaçmasını ifade eden kaydına dayanarak Edirne'nin 1362 Mart'ında Bizans'ın elinde bulunduğunu ve şehrin 1363'te Osmanlı egemenliğine girdiği hakkındaki tahmininin kuvvetlendiğini belirmektedir. İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı da, 1362 Mart'ında vefat eden Orhan Gazi'nin ardından tahta geçen oğlu I. Murad'ın ilk olarak kardeşlerinin isyanlarıyla karşılaştığını ve bunlarla ilgilenmek amacıyla Ankara taraflarına doğru sefer düzenlediğini, bu yüzden Edirne'nin fetih tarihinin 1363-1365 yılları arasında değişebileceğini söylemektedir. Edirne'nin Orhan Gazi öldükten ve I. Murad tahta çıktıktan sonra Osmanlı topraklarına katıldığı hükmünün ispatlanmamış olduğunu belirten Halil İnalcık, bu nedenle bu iki görüşün kesin olarak doğru kabul edilemeyeceğini iddia etmektedir.

Elizavet Zahariadu ile Irène Beldiceanu-Steinherr fetih için 1369 tarihini gösterir. Zahariadu, Hadrianopolis Metropoliti Polikarpos'un emriyle İoannes Katakalon tarafından Bizans İmparatoru V. İoannis'e yazılan 1366 tarihli mersiyeye dayanarak şehrin 1366 tarihinde Bizans kontrolünde olduğunu ve çeşitli Bizans kısa kroniklerinde verilen tarihi de göz önüne alarak şehrin 1369 yılında Osmanlı yönetimine girdiğini belirtmektedir. Bazı kroniklerde fetih için 1377 tarihinin de verildiğini ifade eden Zahariadu, aradaki bu sekiz yıllık farkın bir hata sonucu yazılmış olabileceğini söylemektedir. Şehrin ilk defa 1369 yılında Rumeli'deki bağımsız Türk beyleri tarafından ele geçirildiğini ifade eden Beldiceanu-Steinherr, 1376 veya 1377 yılında şehrin Osmanlı kuvvetleri tarafından kontrol altına alındığını yazmaktadır. Beldiceanu-Steinherr ile Zahariadu'yu kaynak gösteren Donald Nicol, Zahariadu'yu kaynak gösteren Colin Imber ve Zahariadu'nun elde ettiği bulgulardan bahseden John Van Antwerp Fine da fetih tarihini 1369 olarak göstermektedir.

Osmanlı kaynakları
Osmanlı kaynaklarında fetih tarihi 1359 ile 1361 yılları arasında değişiklik göstermektedir. Edirne'nin fethiyle sonuçlanacak olan harekâttan Osmanlı kaynaklarında iki ana rivayette bahsedilmektedir. Bunlardan birisi Âşıkpaşazâde rivayeti, diğeri ise kendisinden sonra birçok kişinin kullandığı, Ruhî ile Neşrî'nin en detaylı versiyonunu verdiği Ahmedî rivayetidir. Her ikisi de Murad'ın, Edirne'yi ele geçirmesiyle sonuçlanan Rumeli'deki taarruza başladığı yılı Hicrî takvime göre 761 (Miladi takvime göre 23 Kasım 1359-13 Kasım 1360 arası) olarak vermekte; ancak 1,5 yıl kadar süren bu harekâtın tamamını hatalı olarak aynı yıl içinde göstermektedir. Yine bu iki rivayet, hatalı olarak Murad'ın tahta çıkış tarihini 1359 olarak göstermektedir. Halil İnalcık, Murad'ın, babası Orhan Gazi'nin sağlığında devletin büyük sorumluluklarını üzerine alması sebebiyle kaynakların böyle bir hataya düştüğünü belirtmektedir.

Âşıkpaşazâde'ye göre Orhan Gazi ölünce, Murad Bursa'ya geldi. Karesi'den (günümüzde Balıkesir) ve kendi vilayetinden asker toplayarak, lalası Şahin ile birlikte Gelibolu üzerinden Rumeli'ye geçti. Önce Banadoz Kalesi'ni (günümüzde Barbaros) savaşmadan aldı, sonrasında gerçekleşen çatışmalar sonucunda Çorlu'yu Osmanlı topraklarına kattı ve buradaki kaleyi yıktı. Misini Kalesi (günümüzde Misinli) önüne geldiğinde, kale tekfuru kaleyi kendisine teslim etti. Sonrasında, içi boşaltılmış olan Burgos (günümüzde Lüleburgaz) ele geçirildi ve kalesi yıkıldı. Diğer taraftan Hacı İlbey, ele geçirdiği Burgos'ta (günümüzde Pythion) konuşlanmış ve Dimetoka'yı sıkıştırmaktaydı. Bir süre sonra kale tekfuru pusuya düşürülüp esir alınınca, tekfurun serbest kalması şartıyla kaleyi teslim aldı. Gazi Evrenos ise Keşan kalesini almıştı ve oradan İpsala'yı sıkıştırmaktaydı. İlerlemeye devam eden Murad, Babaeskisi'ye (günümüzde Babaeski) geldi; ancak kalede bulunan halk Edirne'ye kaçmıştı. Civardaki birkaç kaleyi daha ele geçiren Murad, lalası Şahin'i Edirne üzerine gönderdi. Edirne yakınlarındaki Sazlıdere civarında gerçekleşen muharebede Osmanlı kuvvetleri galip gelirken, yenilen taraf kaleye çekildi. Bu sırada Hacı İlbey ile Gazi Evrenos gelip, Murad ile buluştu ve birlikte Edirne'ye geldiler. Murad'ın da Edirne'ye gelmesinin ardından Edirne tekfuru geceleyin kaleyi terk ederek, Meriç üzerinden Enez'e gitti. Ertesi sabah bu haber duyulunca, içeridekiler kaleyi teslim etti. Âşıkpaşazâde'nin bu anlatımında fetih tarihi H. 761 olarak verilmektedir.

Ruhî rivayetine göre Orhan Gazi'nin ölümünün ardından oğlu Murad, devlet büyükleri tarafından tahta geçirildi. Tahta çıktıktan sonra Ankara tarafında gerçekleşen isyanları bastırmasının ardından Bursa'ya döndü ve asker toplayarak Rumeli'ye geçti. H. 761 yılında ise Edirne'yi fethetti.

Neşrî ise sırasıyla Murad'ın tahta çıkmasından, Ahmedî-Ruhî rivayetinden ve Âşıkpaşazâde'nin anlattığı Edirne'nin fethinde yaşanan olaylardan bahsetmektedir. Hatalı olarak Murad'ın tahta çıkışından sonra gerçekleşmiş gibi eklemiştir. Diğer taraftan Âşıkpaşazâde'de  H. 758 (M. 25 Aralık 1356-13 Aralık 1357) olarak verilen Süleyman Paşa'nın ölüm tarihini H. 760 (M. 3 Aralık 1358-22 Kasım 1359) olarak değiştirmiş ve Orhan Gazi'nin Süleyman Paşa'dan iki ay sonra öldüğünü belirtmiş, Murad'ın tahta çıkışı ve Ankara seferi kısmını da Ruhî'den alıp bir yıl da bunlara ayırdığından Edirne'nin fetih tarihini H. 762 (M. 11 Kasım 1360-30 Ekim 1361) olarak vermiştir.

Dönemi anlatan diğer tarih yazarları Ahmedî, Şükrullâh ve Mehmed bin Hacı Halil'in eserlerinde Edirne'nin fethinden bahsedilmemektedir. Murad'ın tahta çıktığı 1362 Mart'ından sonra yaşanan gelişmeleri anlatan bu eserlerde Edirne'nin fethinin yer almaması, İnalcık'ın belirttiğine göre fethin bu yıldan önce gerçekleştiği anlamı taşımaktadır. Diğer taraftan Oruç Bey tarihinin Manisa nüshasında Edirne'nin H. 762 yılında fethedildiğine dair bir kayıt ve o yıl bir güneş tutulmasının gerçekleştiği bilgisi yer almaktadır. Yapılan hesaplarla 5 Mayıs 1361 günü bir güneş tutulmasının gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir. Belirtilen Osmanlı kaynaklarından faydalanarak Halil İnalcık, Edirne'nin 1361 yılında Osmanlı himayesine girdiğini belirtmektedir. Oskar Halecki de Venedik kayıtlarına dayanarak Edirne'nin Osmanlı tarafından ele geçirildiği bilgisinin bu şehre 14 Mart 1361 tarihinde ulaştığı bilgisini sunmaktadır. Stanford Shaw da İnalcık'ın bu görüşünü katılmaktadır.

Sonrası
Alınmasından bir süre sonra Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na başkentlik yapan şehir, 1453'te İstanbul'un (o dönemdeki adı Kostantinopolis) ele geçirilmesi sonrasında başkent oluşuna kadar bu statüsünü sürdürdü. Edirne'den sonra Filibe'nin de Osmanlı kontrolüne geçmesiyle Bizans İmparatorluğu'nun Avrupa ve Balkanlar ile kara bağlantısı kesilmiş oldu.

Kaynakça
Genel

Özel

Bizans-Osmanlı savaşları
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun muharebeleri
Bizans İmparatorluğu muharebeleri
Edirne tarihi
14. yüzyılda Türkiye
1360'larda Osmanlı İmparatorluğu
1360'larda Bizans
14. yüzyılda çatışmalar

Edirne'nin Fethi


كاتاغامي مدينة تقع ضمن محافظة أكيتا في اليابان، تأسست في 3/22/2005، بلغ عدد تعداد سكانها في 1 يناير – 2008 حوالي 35460 مساحتها الإجمالية حوالي 97.96 كم2 لتصبح كثافة سكانها 362 نسمة لكل كيلو متر مربع

أعلام
 كينيتشي تاكاهاشي

مراجع

كاتاغامي
مدن ساحلية في اليابان
مدن محافظة أكيتا

كاتاغامي (أكيتا)


Hugh Sykes Davies (17 August 1909 – 6 June 1984) was an English poet, novelist and communist, who was one of a small group of 1930s British surrealists.

Biography
Davies was born in Prescot, Merseyside (then in Lancashire), to a Methodist minister and his wife. He went to Kingswood School, Bath, and read the Classics and English Triposes at St John's College, Cambridge, where he co-edited the student magazine Experiment with William Empson. Following graduation he was awarded both the Jebb Studentship and the Le Bas Essay Prize. In 1933 he was elected the first-ever fellow of English at St John's College, and three years later he was appointed a University Lecturer in the subject. While at Cambridge he was a member of the Apostles.

Davies spent some time in Paris during the 1930s, and in 1936 he was one of the organisers of the London International Surrealist Exhibition, where he met the artist Salvador Dalí. His poems were mostly published in avant garde magazines and were not collected during his lifetime; his best known was arguably Petron (1935). His novels include Full Fathom Five (1956) and The Papers of Andrew Melmoth (1960), while his works of literary scholarship include Realism in the Drama (his prize-winning entry for the Le Bas competition; 1933), Surrealism (1936), Macaulay's Marginalia to Lucretius (1937) and Grammar Without Tears (1951).

Politically Davies was of the left, and he intended to stand as the Labour Party candidate for Isle of Ely in the anticipated 1940 general election, but his prospective candidature was terminated when the party found out that he was also a member of the Communist Party. During World War II he was employed at the Ministry of Food, which gave him an insight into administrative problems; perhaps consequently, he lost much of his youthful utopianism, and in the 1950s renounced his communist affiliation and reverted to a more orthodox social democracy in its stead.

Personal life
Davies had a talent for friendship, and in addition to Empson and Dalí he numbered T. S. Eliot, I. A. Richards, Anthony Blunt and Ludwig Wittgenstein amongst his circle. At one stage he had Malcolm Lowry declared his ward in an attempt to stop Lowry's drinking. He appears in the National Film Board of Canada's feature-length documentary Volcano: An Inquiry into the Life and Death of Malcolm Lowry (1976), where he talks about Lowry and their friendship.

Davies died at St John's College in Cambridge on 6 June 1984, after recovering several months earlier from a serious operation. He was married five times to four women, the first of whom was the poet Kathleen Raine.

External links
Biography, poems, prose and checklist of publications

References

1909 births
1984 deaths
English communists
Surrealist poets
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
20th-century English novelists
20th-century English poets

Hugh Sykes Davies


الأفق المفقود رواية للكاتب الأنجليزي جيمس هيلتون سنة 1933 والرواية تبدأ بالتقاء أربعة رجال إنجليز منهم(ورثرفورد، ووايلاند وساندرز) في أحد النوادي ببرلين ذات مساء ودار الحديث عن اختطاف طائرة خاصة صغيره صنعت لأحد المهراجات الهنود من مطار باسكال في الهند منذ أربعة سنوات وكانت متجهه الي بيشاور ولكنها لم تصل هناك ولا لأي مكان وكانت تحتوي على أربعة أشخاص ثلاثة رجال وامرأة، وعلموا أن أخد اصدقائهم ويدعي كونداي كان من بين المختطفين الأربعة فسألوا عن مصيره، بعد انتهاء اللقاء أسر رثرفورد لأحد الرفاق بأنه رأي كونوداي يعد الاحتطاف في مستشفي ملحقة بأحد الأديرة بتشيانج يانج وقدم له نسخة من مذكراته عن المكان الذي كان مختطفا فيه .

حققت الرواية مكانة كبيرة ليست لقيمتها الأدبية فقط ولكن أيضا أنها أول رواية تطبع طباعة فاخرة بغلاف سميك صلب عام 1939 .

روابط خارجية

المراجع

وصلات إضافية
 Lost Horizon at Project Gutenburg Australia
 Review by Steven Silver
 Clues to real Shangri-La point to China

أدب
خيال يوتوبي
روايات بريطانية أنتجت سينمائيا
روايات بريطانية في 1933
روايات تجري أحداثها في التبت
روايات تجري أحداثها في الراج البريطاني
روايات تقع أحداثها في دول خيالية
روايات فانتازيا إنجليزية
روايات فانتازيا في 1933
شانغري-لا
كتب مكملين ناشرون

الأفق المفقود


Mezzelune , também conhecido como Schlutzkrapfen no Tirol do Sul, Tirol e regiões vizinhas de língua alemã e como crafuncins ou cajincì nas regiões de língua ladina, são massas recheadas semicirculares, semelhantes a ravioli ou pierogi. A massa é geralmente feita de farinha branca ou farinha de trigo-sarraceno, sêmola durum, misturada com ovos e azeite. Recheios típicos podem incluir queijo (como ricota, quark, mussarela ou Bitto), espinafre ou cogumelos (como porcini, chanterelles ou champignons). Também há receitas com recheio de batata, carne, beterraba vermelha ou chucrute. O prato pode ser servido com molho de cogumelos ou pesto, com salsa, com frutos do mar e/ou com tomate cereja.

Pratos semelhantes
Tipos semelhantes de massa são conhecidos como casunziei na área das Dolomitas, casoncelli na Lombardia e cjarsons no Friuli.

Veja também

 Mezzaluna

Culinária da Áustria
Culinária da Itália
Massas

Schlutzkrapfen


The Lost City  é um filme de comédia de ação e aventura americano de 2022 dirigido pelos irmãos Nee, que coescreveram o roteiro com Oren Uziel e Dana Fox, a partir de uma história concebida por Seth Gordon. O filme é estrelado por Sandra Bullock e Channing Tatum como uma romancista e seu modelo de capa, respectivamente, que devem escapar de um bilionário (Daniel Radcliffe) e encontrar a antiga cidade perdida retratada em um de seus livros. Da'Vine Joy Randolph e Brad Pitt também estrelam.

O projeto foi anunciado em outubro de 2020, com Bullock se juntando como produtora e estrela e Tatum se juntando em dezembro, o resto do elenco foi anunciado no ano seguinte. As filmagens ocorreram na República Dominicana de maio a agosto de 2021. The Lost City teve sua estreia mundial no South by Southwest em 12 de março de 2022 e foi lançado pela Paramount Pictures nos Estados Unidos em 25 de março de 2022. O filme críticas positivas dos críticos e arrecadou mais de US$ 83 milhões em todo o mundo.

Sinopse
A brilhante, porém reclusa autora Loretta Sage escreve sobre lugares exóticos em seus romances populares de aventura, cujas capas são estreladas pelo belo modelo Alan, que tem dedicado sua vida a personificar o personagem herói, "Dash." Durante a turnê de promoção de seu novo livro com Alan, Loretta é raptada por um bilionário excêntrico, para que ela o guie ao tesouro da cidade perdida descrita em seu livro recente. Para provar que é possível ser um herói na vida real, Alan parte para resgatá-la.

Elenco

 Sandra Bullock como Loretta Sage/Angela, uma romancista de romance best-seller de sucesso, mas deprimida.
 Channing Tatum como Alan Caprison/Dash McMahon, um modelo de capa para o romance de Loretta, The Lost City of D.
 Daniel Radcliffe como Abigail Fairfax, um excêntrico bilionário e criminoso internacional que sequestra Loretta na esperança de que ela o leve ao tesouro perdido de uma cidade antiga apresentado em um de seus livros.
 Da'Vine Joy Randolph como Beth Hatten, a publicitária de Loretta.
 Patti Harrison como Allison, gerente de mídia social de Loretta.
 Oscar Nunez como Oscar, um excêntrico piloto de avião de carga.
 Brad Pitt como Jack Trainer, rastreador humano e homem de ação.
 Além disso, Bowen Yang como Ray o Moderador, Joan Pringle como Nana, Héctor Aníbal como Rafi, Thomas Forbes-Johnson como Julian, Raymond Lee aparece como Oficial Gomez e codiretor Adam Nee como Oficial Sawyer.

Produção
Em outubro de 2020, foi anunciado que Sandra Bullock estrelaria o filme The Lost City of D, com Aaron e Adam Nee dirigindo a partir de um roteiro de Seth Gordon e Dana Fox, com Bullock atuando como produtora sob seu estúdio Fortis Films e a Paramount Pictures como distribuidora. Bullock originalmente havia recusado o projeto porque achava que a história estava "desatualizada" devido ao fato de estar em desenvolvimento há sete anos. Naquele dezembro, Channing Tatum foi escalado como o protagonista masculino. Entre março e abril de 2021, Patti Harrison, Da'Vine Joy Randolph, Daniel Radcliffe, Brad Pitt e Oscar Nunez foram adicionados ao elenco, com Pitt aparecendo em uma participação especial.

Filmagens
As filmagens começaram em maio de 2021, e ocorreram na República Dominicana, incluindo Samaná, São Domingos, Casa de Campo, Província de Monte Plata e Pinewood Dominican Republic Studios. As filmagens terminaram em 16 de agosto de 2021.

Lançamento
The Lost City teve sua estreia mundial no festival de cinema South by Southwest em 12 de março de 2022. Em outubro de 2021, foi anunciado que The Lost City of D havia sido renomeado para The Lost City e que o filme seria lançado nos cinemas em 25 de março de 2022 nos Estados Unidos, depois de ter sido previamente definido para um lançamento em 15 de abril de 2022. Em 1 de março de 2022, o lançamento do filme na Rússia foi cancelado devido à invasão russa da Ucrânia. Em Portugal, o filme foi lançado em 14 de abril, com o Brasil recebendo uma semana depois em 21 de abril.

Marketing
De acordo com a iSpot, o filme gastou mais de US$ 27 milhões em anúncios de televisão em toda a mídia, como NBC (27,8%), ESPN (6,6%), CBS (4,9%), ABC (4,8%) e Food Network (4,3%). O analista de mídia social RelishMix disse que as pessoas online estavam comparando o filme com Romancing the Stone e A Joia do Nilo, enquanto outros notaram "a química lúdica na tela de Sandra Bullock e Channing Tatum" e compartilharam entusiasmo com a participação de Pitt. Nas contas do filme no YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram e TikTok, havia 125,3 milhões de seguidores, que "excederam as normas de gênero para comédia de ação e aventura".

Recepção

Bilheteria
Até 16 de abril de 2022, The Lost City arrecadou US$ 78,5 milhões nos Estados Unidos e Canadá e US$ 9,7 milhões em outros territórios, totalizando US$ 88,2 milhões em todo o mundo.

Nos Estados Unidos e no Canadá, o filme foi lançado ao lado de Infinite Storm e RRR, e foi projetado para arrecadar US$ 20 a 34 milhões em 4.228 cinemas em seu fim de semana de estreia. O filme arrecadou US$ 11,5 milhões em seu primeiro dia, incluindo US$ 2,5 milhões nas exibições de quinta-feira. Ele estreou com US$ 30,5 milhões, tomando o primeiro lugar de The Batman. Sua semana de estreia foi a segunda maior da Paramount durante a pandemia de COVID-19, atrás de A Quiet Place Part II. As mulheres representavam 61% da audiência; enquanto a divisão étnica mostrou que 61% do público eram caucasianos, 21% hispânicos e latino-americanos, 6% afro-americanos e 7% asiáticos ou outros. Em seu segundo fim de semana, o filme arrecadou US$ 14,7 milhões com uma queda de 52%, e ficou em segundo lugar nas bilheterias, atrás de Morbius. Ele adicionou US$ 9 milhões em seu terceiro fim de semana.

Fora dos EUA e Canadá, o filme arrecadou US$ 3,7 milhões em dezesseis mercados internacionais em seu fim de semana de estreia. Ele adicionou US$ 2,1 milhões em seu terceiro fim de semana.

Crítica especializada
No site agregador de críticas Rotten Tomatoes, o filme tem um índice de aprovação de 77% com base em 217 críticas, com uma classificação média de 6,4/10. O consenso crítico do site diz: "The Lost City não brilha tanto quanto alguns clássicos de caça ao tesouro, mas a química maluca de suas estrelas faz com que este filme valha a pena romantizar". No Metacritic, que usa uma média ponderada, o filme recebeu uma pontuação de 61 em 100 com base em 50 críticas, indicando "críticas geralmente favoráveis". O público pesquisado pelo CinemaScore deu ao filme uma nota média de "B+" em uma escala de A+ a F, enquanto os do PostTrak deram uma pontuação positiva de 81%, com 61% dizendo que definitivamente recomendaria.

Manohla Dargis, do The New York Times, disse: "É uma pena que The Lost City não seja mais ambicioso, porque uma mulher escrevendo seus sonhos em realidade é potencialmente rico no mito de Pigmaleão e Galatea. Enquanto Raiders transcende suas inspirações com inteligência e a direção de Steven Spielberg e Romancing se esforça para fazer o mesmo, The Lost City continua sendo uma cópia de uma cópia.". Siddhant Adlakha, da IGN, deu ao filme uma nota 6/10, dizendo que "The Lost City é uma comédia de ação decente que se baseia na presença de suas estrelas.".

Peter Debruge, da Variety, disse: "O resultado pode parecer um pouco frágil em alguns lugares, mas os irmãos Nee, que compartilham o crédito de roteiro com Oren Uziel e Dana Fox, deram um soco com piadas descoloridas, repetindo momentos em que as bocas dos personagens estão fora da câmera. Desta e de inúmeras outras maneiras, The Lost City prova que eles realmente as fazem como costumavam fazer.". Escrevendo para a Rolling Stone, David Fear disse: "O filme em si está tentando escavar um gênero há muito perdido: o filme de ação e aventura de comédia romântica de grande orçamento. Ele quer ser um Romancing the Stone moderno tão mal. Você quase pode ver o suor do fracasso escorrendo pela tela.".

Ligações externas

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 2022
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes de comédia de ação dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de aventura dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de comédia romântica dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de caça ao tesouro
Filmes de comédia de ação da década de 2020
Filmes de aventura da década de 2020
Filmes de comédia romântica da década de 2020
Filmes gravados na República Dominicana
Filmes ambientados no oceano Atlântico
Filmes ambientados em ilhas fictícias
Filmes com trilha sonora de Pinar Toprak
Filmes da Paramount Pictures

The Lost City (2022)


Krigsministeren er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2010 med instruktion og manuskript af Kasper Torsting.

Handling
"Hvis man havde vidst, hvad man gik ind til, havde det været nemmere at sige nej". Sådan siger Søren Gade om sit job som forsvarsminister. Et intimt og personligt portræt af Danmarks forsvarsminister.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2010

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Krigsministeren


Highland Park High School (HPHS) is a public four-year high school located in Highland Park, Illinois, a North Shore suburb of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States. It is part of Township High School District 113.  From 1900-1904, the school was known as Deerfield High School. The high school served both Deerfield (renamed Moraine in 1998) and Shields townships from 1904 until 1936 and was Deerfield-Shields High School.  The building of Lake Forest High School in 1936 provided a school to serve Shields Township students.  This led to the return of the name Highland Park High School.  A new, separate Deerfield High School opened 20 years later to serve the growing population.

History
For a period of approximately fourteen years following Highland Park High School's establishment in 1886, classes were held in the rooms over the Brand Brothers paint shop in downtown Highland Park.  It has occupied the present site on Vine Avenue since 1900.  Over the course of time, however, several additions have been constructed.  In 2000, HPHS and its sister school, Deerfield High School underwent a two-year, $75 million renovation and expansion project. HPHS received several new additions and renovations with  renovated and  added.  The additions and renovations were designed by Legat Architects and executed by VACALA Construction, Inc.

Academics
In 2013, Highland Park had an average composite ACT score of 25.2, and graduated 90.5% of its senior class.  Highland Park has not made Adequate Yearly Progress on the Prairie State Achievement Examination, a state test part of the No Child Left Behind Act.

Highland Park High School has non native-English speaking students and a student population of 80% white, 15% Hispanic, 3% Asian and 2% African American.

Student life

Athletics

Highland Park competes in the Central Suburban League and is a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA) which governs most of the sports and competitive activities in the state.  Its mascot is the Giants.

The school sponsors interscholastic sports teams for young men and women in basketball, cross country, gymnastics, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, track and field, volleyball, wrestling and water polo.  Young men may also compete in baseball, golf, football, and Scholastic wrestling.  Women may compete in softball and field hockey.  While not sponsored by the IHSA, the school also sponsors teams for men and women in lacrosse in addition to an ice hockey team for men. Highland Park also sponsors a joint fencing team with Deerfield High School for men and women.

The following teams have won their respective IHSA sponsored state championship tournament:

 Cross country (Boys): State Champions (1961–62)
 Golf (Boys): State Champions (1939–40, 1947–48, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1958–59)
 Tennis (Boys): State Champions (1972–73)

Activities
Highland Park offers 64 clubs, activities, and intramurals for students.  Among these activities are chapters or affiliates of several nationally notable organizations: Amnesty International, Congressional Debate, DECA, FIRST Tech Challenge, Key Club, and Model UN.

The following competitive teams have won their respective IHSA sponsored state championship tournament:
 Drama: State Champions (1977–78)
 Group Interpretation: State Champions (1979–80)

The following clubs have scored championships in non-IHSA sanctioned events:
 Congressional Debate: 1st Place Harvard National Congress (2006, 2009)
 Wind Symphony: Gold Medal Young Prague International Music Festival (2012)

Philanthropy

Since 1994, students at HPHS annually mobilize to support a charity during February. This month-long event is known as "Charity Drive" and is orchestrated by the Charity Drive Committee, one of the subdivisions of the school-wide political Student Senate. Students choose the charity in a school vote. The school regularly raises six-figure amounts and is courted by charities. Fundraising activities last the whole month and include raffles, themed events, and a battle of the bands.  students have raised more than $3 million dollars.

Notable people

Academia and letters
 Eric J. Engberg (class of 1959)  is a former correspondent for CBS News (1976 to 2003).
 Stephen Glass (class of 1990) is a former reporter at The New Republic disgraced in a scandal dramatized in Shattered Glass.
 William Goldman (class of 1948) was an Academy Award-winning screenwriter (Butch Cassidy and All the President's Men), and author of The Princess Bride.
 John M. Grunsfeld is an astronaut at NASA.
 David R. Palmer (class of 1959) is a science fiction author.
 Francis G. Pease was an astronomer.
 Mike Resnick (class of 1959) is a science fiction author.
 Brian Ross (class of 1966) is a broadcast journalist.
 Maria Tatar (class of 1963) is the John L. Loeb Professor of Germanic Languages & Literatures, and Chair of the Committee on Degrees in Folklore and Mythology at Harvard University.
 Peter Suber (class of 1969) is Director of the Office for Scholarly Communication at Harvard University and a leader in the movement for open access to research.
 Stephen Wizner is a law professor at Yale University.
 Sam Zell American billionare businessman

Arts
 Rachel Brosnahan (class of 2008) is an Emmy Award and Golden Globe-winning actress in the Netflix series House of Cards and the Amazon Prime Video series The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel.
Brian Levant is a producer, director, and writer of family movies such as Jingle All the Way or TV shows like Mork & Mindy.
Brett Gelman (class of 1995) is an actor and comedian.
 Jeff Perry (class of 1973) is an actor who co–founded the Steppenwolf Theater.
 Gary Sinise (class of 1974) is an Emmy Award and Golden Globe-winning actor.
 Rosalind Fox Solomon (class of 1947), photographer
D. B. Weiss, co-creator and producer of Game of Thrones
Lauren Tom, (class of 1977), actress Futurama, Codename: Kids Next Door, Batman Beyond and Andi Mack

Sports
Jason Brown is a US Olympic figure skater and 2015 national champion.
Tony Cogan was a Major League Baseball pitcher.
Tunch Ilkin was a sports broadcaster and a former NFL Pro Football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers and Green Bay Packers
Josh Bartelstein CEO of the Phoenix Suns, Phoenix Mercury, and Footprint Center

Military
 Stansfield Turner (class of 1941) was a U.S. Navy Admiral and later CIA Director.
 Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright IV (class of 1901) was an Army Lieutenant General.  He is a Medal of Honor recipient.

Politics
 David Berry Knapp, follower of Rajneesh and mayor of Rajneeshpuram
 Anthony Saliba, businessman, entrepreneur, and board of trustees member, The Heritage Foundation
 Jill Stein (class of 1968), an American physician, activist, and politician affiliated with the Green Party of the United States
 Paul Soglin (class of 1962) was the 51st, 54th, and 57th mayor of Madison, Wisconsin

Staff
 Paul Adams briefly taught at HPHS after leaving the military, before transferring to Deerfield High School in 1966 and becoming that school's head football coach.
 Jerry Wainwright was the school's head boys basketball coach (1978—83).  He was later men's head coach at DePaul University.

References

External links
 Official website

Public high schools in Illinois
Highland Park, Illinois
Schools in Lake County, Illinois
1889 establishments in Illinois
Educational institutions established in 1889

Highland Park High School (Highland Park, Illinois)


The sonnet is a European form of lyric poetry.

Sonnet or Sonett may also refer to:

Surname
 Joshua Sonett, a Columbia University surgeon
 Ewa Sonnet (born 1985), model

Brands
 Saab Sonett, a series of automobiles from Saab
 Sonnet (KDE), computer program
 Parker Sonnet, range of fountain pens from Parker Pen Company

Poetry
 Sonnet, a poetic form

Music
 Sonnet, an art song genre
Sonnet, a song for soprano by Massenet
Sonnet, an art song composition by Raymond Yiu (b.1973) Yiu
Sonnet, a song composition by Bizet
Sonnet, a composition for organ by Philip Wilby (b.1949)
 Sonnet (The Verve song), by English band The Verve

Painting
The sonnet (Lambert), a 1907 work by George Washington Lambert

See also
 Saab Sonett, a 1970s car
 Sonet (disambiguation)
 Sonata musical form

Sonnet (disambiguation)


Céline Eko Mendomo est une dirigeante du football au Cameroun. Elle est vice-présidente à la Fécafoot et présidente de la fédération féminine de football au Cameroun. Elle a fait partie du staff dirigeant de l'équipe de canon de Yaoundé.

Biographie

Enfance, éducation et débuts

Carrière

Céline Eko est première vice-présidente à la Fécafoot dans l'équipe de Samuel Eto'o et présidente de la fédération féminine de football au Cameroun.

En 2015, elle a fait partie du staff dirigeant de l'équipe de canon de Yaoundé.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Gaëlle Enganamouit

Liens externes

Personnalité camerounaise liée au sport

Céline Eko Mendomo


This is a list of names for non-observable phenomena that contain the word "effect", amplified by reference(s) to their respective fields of study.

A
Abscopal effect (cancer treatments) (immune system) (medical treatments) (radiation therapy)
Accelerator effect (economics)
Accordion effect (physics) (waves)
Acousto-optic effect (nonlinear optics) (waves)
Additive genetic effects (genetics)
Aharonov–Bohm effect (quantum mechanics)
Al Jazeera effect (Al Jazeera) (media issues)
Alienation effect (acting techniques) (Bertolt Brecht theories and techniques) (film theory) (metafictional techniques) (theatre)
Allais effect (fringe physics)
Allee effect (biology)
Ambiguity effect (cognitive biases)
Anrep effect (cardiology) (medicine)
Antenna effect (digital electronics) (electronic design automation)
Anti-greenhouse effect (atmospheric dynamics) (atmospheric science) (astronomy) (planetary atmospheres)
Askaryan effect (particle physics)
Asymmetric blade effect (aerodynamics)
Audience effect (psychology) (social psychology)
Auger effect (atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics)
Aureole effect (atmospheric optical phenomena) (scientific terminology)
Autler–Townes effect (atomic, molecular, and optical physics) (atomic physics) (quantum optics)
Autokinetic effect (vision)
Avalanche effect (cryptography)
Averch–Johnson effect (economics)

B
Baader-Meinhof effect /  Baader-Meinhof phenomenon (psychology)
Balassa–Samuelson effect (economics)
Baldwin effect (evolutionary biology) (selection)
Balloon-carried light effect (balloons) (culture) (entertainment)
Bambi effect (hunting) (psychology stubs)
Bandwagon effect (cognitive biases) (crowd psychology) (economics effects) (metaphors) (propaganda techniques)
Bank effect (marine propulsion) (nautical terms) (water)
Barkhausen effect (condensed matter) (magnetism)
Barnett effect (condensed matter) (magnetism)
Barnum effect (psychology)
Baskerville effect (cardiology)
Bauschinger effect (classical mechanics) (materials science)
Beaujolais effect (Ada programming language)
Ben Franklin effect (emotion) (psychology)
Bernoulli effect (equations) (fluid dynamics) (wind power)
Beta-silicon effect (physical organic chemistry)
Bezold effect (optical illusions) (psychological theories)
Bezold–Brücke effect (optical illusions)
Biefeld–Brown effect (physical phenomena) (propulsion)
Big-fish–little-pond effect (educational psychology) (pedagogy)
Birthday-number effect (psychology)
Black drop effect (astronomical transits)
Blazhko effect (astronomy)
Blocking effect (psychology)
Bloom (shader effect) (3D computer graphics) (demo effects)
Bohr effect (hematology) (hemoproteins) (respiratory physiology)
Boomerang effect (psychology) (social psychology) (psychology)
Bouba/kiki effect (cognitive science)
Bowditch effect (medicine)
Bradley effect (American political terms) (elections in the United States) (political history of the United States) (political neologisms) (politics and race) (polling) (psephology) (racism)
Bridgman effect (electricity) (electromagnetism)
Brookings effect (atmospheric science) (Curry County, Oregon) (Oregon coast) (Oregon geography) (winds)
Brown Willy effect (geography of Cornwall) (mesoscale meteorology)
Bruce effect (reproduction)
Bullwhip effect (distribution, retailing, and wholesaling)
Butterfly effect (chaos theory) (physical phenomena) (stability theory)
Bystander effect (crowd psychology) (social phenomena)
Bystander effect (radiobiology) (radiobiology)

C
Cage effect (chemistry)
Calendar effect (behavioral finance)  (market trends)
Callendar effect (atmospheric science) (climate) (climate change)
Captodative effect (organic chemistry)
Capture effect (broadcast engineering) (radio) (radio communications/) (telecommunications) (wireless communications)
Carnoustie effect (golf) (golf terminology)
Carryover effect (cooking techniques) (food and drink)
Cascade effect (ecology)
Cascade effect (spaceflight)
Casimir effect (quantum field theory) (physical phenomena)
Castle thunder (sound effect) (in-jokes) (sound effects)
Catapult effect (electromagnetism)
Catch-up effect (economics effects)
Catfish effect (human resource management) (management) (organizational studies and human resource management) (social psychology)
Cause and effect
Ceiling effect (medical treatment) (statistics)
Channel capture effect (ethernet) (network topology)
Cheerio effect (fluid mechanics) (physics)
Cherenkov effect (experimental particle physics) (fundamental physics concepts) (particle physics) (special relativity)
Chilling effect (law) (censorship) (freedom of expression) (American legal terms)
Chimney effect
Chorus effect (audio effects) (audio engineering) (effects units) (sound recording)
Christiansen effect (optical filters)
Christofilos effect (particle physics)
Cinderella effect (child abuse)
Cis effect (inorganic chemistry)
Clientele effect (economics) (finance)
Cluster effect (economics effects)
CNN effect (civil–military relations) (CNN) (news media) (warfare of the modern era)
Coandă effect (aerodynamics) (boundary layers) (physical phenomena)
Coattail effect (political terms)
Cobra effect (Economics)
Cocktail party effect (acoustical signal processing) (attention)
Cohort effect
Common-ion effect (ions) (physical chemistry)
Compton effect (astrophysics) (atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics) (observational astronomy) (quantum electrodynamics) (X-rays)
Contrast effect (cognition) (cognitive biases) (perception) (vision)
Coolidge effect (jokes) (sexual attraction)
Coriolis effect (atmospheric dynamics) (classical mechanics) (force) (physical phenomena) (urban legends)
Cotton effect (atomic, molecular, and optical physics) (polarization)
Cotton–Mouton effect (magnetism) (optics)
Crabtree effect (biochemistry)
Cross-race effect (face recognition)
CSI effect (criminal law) (criminology) (CSI television series) (psychology) (television terminology)
Cupertino effect (computers) (spell checking)
Cytopathic effect (microbiology terms)

D
De Haas–van Alphen effect (condensed matter) (magnetism) (quantum physics)
(de Sitter effect: see) Geodetic effect (general relativity)
Debye–Falkenhagen effect
Decoy effect (consumer behavior) (decision theory) (economic theories) (finance theory) (marketing)
Delay (audio effect) (audio effects) (effects units) (musical techniques)
Dellinger effect (radio communications)
Dember effect (electrical phenomena) (physics)
Demo effect (demoscene)
Demonstration effect (human behavior) (sociological terms)
Denomination effect (behavioral economics)
Diderot effect (anthropology) (consumer behaviour)
Ding Hai effect (economy of Hong Kong) (Hong Kong culture)
Direct effect (European Union law)
Disposal tax effect (economics and finance) (finance) (taxation)
Disposition effect (economics and finance)
Dole effect (climatology) (oxygen) (paleoclimatology) (photosynthesis)
Domino effect (physics) (politics)
Doppler effect (Doppler effects) (radio frequency propagation) (wave mechanics)
Downing effect (psychology)
Dresselhaus effect (physics)
Droste effect (artistic techniques)
Dunning–Kruger effect (personality) (social psychology)

E
Eagle effect (antibiotic resistance) (pharmacology)
Early effect (transistors)
Eberhard effect (science of photography)
Edge effect (ecological succession) (ecology)
Edison effect (atomic physics) (electricity) (Thomas Edison) (vacuum tubes)
Efimov effect (physics)
Einstein effect (disambiguation), several different effects in physics
Einstein–de Haas effect (science)
Electro-optic effect (nonlinear optics)
Electrocaloric effect (cooling technology) (heat pumps)
Electron-cloud effect (particle accelerators) (physics)
Electroviscous effects (colloid chemistry) (surface chemistry)
ELIZA effect (artificial intelligence) (human–computer interaction) (propositional fallacies)
Embedding effect (environmental economics)
EMC effect (particle physics)
Emerson effect (photosynthesis)
Endowment effect (behavioral finance) (cognitive biases) (psychological theories)
Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect (medicine)
Eötvös effect (geodesy) (topography)
Epps effect (econometrics) (statistical terminology) (statistics)
Ettinghausen effect (condensed matter) (electrodynamics) (thermodynamics)
Evershed effect (physics) (solar phenomena)
Exciter (effect) (audio effects) (effects units)

F
Fahraeus–Lindquist effect (blood) (fluid dynamics) (molecular and cellular biology)
False consensus effect (cognitive biases) (futurology) (group processes) (psychological theories) (sustainability)
Faraday effect (magnetism) (optics)
Ferroelectric effect (condensed matter physics) (electrical phenomena)
Fink effect (anesthesia) (diffusion)
Flaming sword (effect) (fire arts) (special effects)
Floating body effect (electronics) (semiconductors)
Floodgate effect (social phenomena) (sociology)
Floor effect (statistics)
Florence Nightingale effect (Florence Nightingale) (love) (psychology)
Flutie effect (student sport)
Flux pinning (Physics)
Flynn effect (futurology) (intelligence) (psychological theories) (psychometrics) (race and intelligence controversy)
Focusing effect (cognitive biases)
Forbush effect (cosmic rays) (solar phenomena)
Forer effect (cognitive biases) (history of astrology) (psychological theories)
Founder effect (ecology) (population genetics)
Fractional quantum Hall effect (physics)
Franssen effect (acoustics) (sound perception)
Franz–Keldysh effect (condensed matter) (electronic engineering) (electronics) (optics) (optoelectronics)
Free surface effect (fluid mechanics)
Front projection effect (film production)
Fujiwhara effect (tropical cyclone meteorology) (vortices)
Full screen effect (computer graphics) (demo effects)

G
Garshelis effect (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (magnetism) (physics)
Gauche effect (stereochemistry)
Gell-Mann amnesia effect (journalism)
Generation effect (cognitive biases) (memory biases) (psychological theories)
Geodetic effect (general relativity)
Gerschenkron effect (economic development) (economic systems) (economics and finance) (econometrics) (index numbers) (national accounts)r
Giant magnetoresistive effect (condensed matter physics) (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (quantum electronics) (spintronics)
Gibbons–Hawking effect (general relativity)
Gibbs–Donnan effect (biology) (physics)
Gibbs–Thomson effect (petrology) (thermodynamics)
Glass house effect (culture) (surveillance)
Glasser effect (physics)
Goos–Hänchen effect (optical phenomena)
Great Salt Lake effect (natural history of Utah)
Green-beard effect (evolution) (evolutionary biology) (game theory) (selection)
Greenhouse effect (atmosphere) (atmospheric radiation) (climate change feedbacks and causes) (climate forcing)
Ground effect (aircraft) (aerodynamics)
Ground effect (cars) (aerodynamics) (motorsport terminology)
Gunn effect (diodes) (microwave technology) (physics) (terahertz technology)

H
Haas effect (audio engineering) (sound) (speakers)
Haldane effect (hematology) (hemoproteins) (protein)
Hall effect (condensed matter physics) (electric and magnetic fields in matter)
Hall of mirrors effect (computer graphic artifacts) (Doom) (id software) (video game glitches)
Halo effect (cognitive biases) (educational psychology) (logical fallacies) (social psychology)
Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect (quantum optics)
Harem effect (harem) (human sexuality) (sex) (sexual orientation and identity) (sexual orientation and society)
Hawthorne effect (educational psychology) (psychological theories) (social phenomena)
Health effect (health) (health effectors) (pollution)
Holtzman effect (Dune technology) (physics in fiction)
Horizon effect (artificial intelligence) (game artificial intelligence)
Hostile media effect (cognitive biases) (criticism of journalism) (journalism standards) (psychological theories)
Hot chocolate effect (acoustics) (physics) (wave mechanics)
Hundredth monkey effect (behavioral science) (New Age) (urban legends)
Hydrophobic effect (chemical bonding) (supramolecular chemistry)
Hyperchromic effect (biochemistry)
Hypersonic effect (acoustics) (hearing) (psychology) (ultrasound)

I
Ideomotor effect
IKEA effect (marketing) (psychology)
Imbert–Fedorov effect (optical phenomena)
In-camera effect (filming) (special effects)
Incidental effect (European Union law)
Indirect effect (European Union law)
Inductive effect (chemical bonding)
Inert-pair effect (atomic physics) (inorganic chemistry) (quantum chemistry)
inertial supercharging effect (automobile) (engine technology)
Inner-platform effect (anti-patterns)
International Fisher effect (economics and finance) (finance theories) (interest rates)
Inverse Doppler effect (Doppler effects) (wave mechanics)
Inverse Faraday effect (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (optical phenomena)

J
Jack-in-the-box effect (military) (military slang and jargon) (tanks)
Jahn–Teller effect (condensed matter physics) (inorganic chemistry) (organometallic chemistry) (quantum chemistry)
January effect (behavioral finance) (economics and finance) (market trends) (stock market)
Janus effect (effects) (sociology)
Johnsen–Rahbek effect (classical mechanics) (electrical engineering)
Joule–Thomson effect (thermodynamics)
Josephson effect (condensed matter physics) (sensors) (superconductivity)
Jupiter effect (astronomy) (science book)

K
Kadenacy effect (automobile parts) (engine technology)
Kapitsa–Dirac effect (physics)
Kappa effect (geography) (psychology)
Kate Middleton effect (celebrity) (fashion)
Kautsky effect (fluorescence)
Kaye effect (fluid dynamics)
Ken Burns effect (film techniques)
Kendall effect (telecommunications)
Kerr effect (nonlinear optics)
Keynes effect (economics and finance) (Keynesian economics)
Keystone effect (technology)
Kinetic depth effect (perception)
Kinetic isotope effect (chemical kinetics) (physical organic chemistry)
Kirkendall effect (chemistry) (metallurgy)
Klein–Nishina effect (quantum field theory)
Knife-edge effect (radio frequency propagation)
Kohn effect (physics)
Kondo effect (condensed matter physics) ) (physical phenomena)
Kozai effect (astronomy) (celestial mechanics)
Kuleshov effect (cinema of Russia) (cognitive biases) (film editing) (film techniques) (psychological theories)

L
Lake effect (snow or ice weather phenomena)
Lake Wobegon effect (cognitive biases) (psychological theories) (social psychology)
Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect (high-energy physics)
Larsen effect (audio feedback)
Late effect (disease)
Lawn dart effect (psychology)
Lazarus effect (particle detectors)
Lead–lag effect (control theory) (economics and finance)
Leakage effect (tourism)
Learning effect (economics) (economics) (economics terminology)
Lee–Boot effect (biology) (reproduction)
Legalized abortion and crime effect (abortion debate) (criminology)
Leidenfrost effect (physical phenomena)
Lenard effect (physics)
Lense–Thirring effect (effects of gravitation) (tests of general relativity)
Leveling effect (chemistry)
Levels-of-processing effect (educational psychology) (psychology) (psychological theories)
Liquid Sky (effect) (lasers) (stage lighting)
Little–Parks effect (condensed matter physics)
Lockin effect (physics)
Lombard effect (phonetics) (human voice) (animal communication) (human communication) (noise pollution)
Lotus effect (nanotechnology)
Low-frequency effects (film sound production) (technology)
Lubberts effect (medicine) (radiography) (radiology)
Lunar effect (moon myths) (pseudoscience)
Luxemburg–Gorky effect (radio communication) (radio spectrum)

M

Magali effect
Magneto-optic effect (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (optical phenomena)
Magneto-optic Kerr effect (condensed matter physics) (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (optical phenomena)
magnetocaloric effect (physical phenomena) (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (thermodynamics)
Magnus effect (fluid dynamics)
Malmquist effect (astronomy)
Malter effect (physics)
Mandela effect (psychology) (paranormal)
Marangoni effect (fluid dynamics) (fluid mechanics) (physical phenomena)
Marchywka effect (electrochemistry) (ultraviolet sensor production)
Mark Twain effect (economics and finance) (stock market)
Martha Mitchell effect (psychological theories) (psychosis)
Massenerhebung effect (trees)
Maternal age effect (developmental biology)
Maternal effect (developmental biology)
Matthew effect (education) (education)
Matilda effect (Research)
Matthew effect (sociology) (adages) (social phenomena) (sociology of scientific knowledge)
McClintock effect (menstruation)
McCollough effect (optical illusions)
McGurk effect (auditory illusions) (perception) (psychological theories)
Meissner effect (levitation) (magnetism) (superconductivity)
Meitner–Hupfeld effect (particle physics)
Mellanby effect (health) (alcohol intoxication)
Memory effect (electric batteries)
Mesomeric effect (chemical bonding)
Microwave auditory effect (cognitive neuroscience) (espionage) (hearing) (human psychology) (less-lethal weapons) (mind control) (sound)
Mid-domain effect (macroecology) (biogeography) (biodiversity)
Mikheyev–Smirnov–Wolfenstein effect (particle physics)
Milky seas effect (aquatic biology) (biological oceanography) (bioluminescence)
Miller effect (electrical engineering) (electronics terms)
Miniature effect (film and video technology) (film techniques) (scale modeling) (scientific modeling) (special effects) (visual effects)
Misinformation effect (cognitive biases) (psychological theories)
Missing letter effect (perception) (psychometrics)
Misznay–Schardin effect (explosives)
Mohring effect (microeconomics) (transportation)
Mössbauer effect (condensed matter physics) (nuclear physics) (physical phenomena)
Mozart effect (education psychology) (popular psychology) (psychological theories) (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)
Mpemba effect (phase changes) (physical paradoxes) (thermodynamics)
Mullins effect (rubber properties)
Multiple-effect humidification (drinking water) (water supply) (water treatment)
Munroe effect (explosive weapons) (explosives)

N
Name-letter effect (psychology)
Negative (positive) contrast effect (psychology)
Negativity effect (cognitive biases) (psychological theories)
Neglected firm effect (business analysis)
Nernst effect (electrodynamics) (thermodynamics)
Network effect (business models) (economics effects) (information technology) (monopoly [economics]) (networks) (transport economics)
Non-thermal microwave effect (chemical kinetics)
Nordtvedt effect (astronomy) (astrophysics) (effects of gravitation) (relativity) (theoretical physics)
Novaya Zemlya effect (arctic) (atmospheric optical phenomena) (atmospheric science) (Novaya Zemlya) (solar phenomena)
Novelty effect (learning) (psychology)
Nuclear Overhauser effect (chemical physics) (nuclear magnetic resonance) (physical chemistry) (spectroscopy)
Numerosity adaptation effect (cognitive science) (optical illusions) (perception)
Nut Island effect (human resource management) (organizational studies and human resource management)

O
Oberth effect (physics)
Observer effect (information technology) (computer programming)
Observer effect (physics) (physics)
Observer-expectancy effect (cognitive biases) (cognitive psychology)
Occlusion effect (biology) (otology)
Octave effect (effects units)
Okorokov effect (physics)
Oligodynamic effect (biology and pharmacology of chemical elements)
Online disinhibition effect (Internet culture) (psychology)
Onnes effect (condensed matter physics) (fluid mechanics) (helium)
Opposition effect (astronomy) (optical phenomena) (observational astronomy) (radiometry) (scattering, absorption and radiative transfer [optics])
Osborne effect (marketing)
Ostrich effect (adages)
Ouzo effect (Colloidal chemistry) (Chemical mixtures) (Condensed matter physics) (Soft matter) (Fluid dynamics)
Overconfidence effect (cognitive biases) (psychological theories)
Overjustification effect (educational psychology) (psychological theories) (psychology)
Overview effect (spaceflight) (transcendence) (psychology)

P
Pandemonium effect (gamma spectroscopy)
Partner effects (economics) (sociology)
Paschen–Back effect (atomic physics) (atomic, molecular, and optical physics) (magnetism)
Pasteur effect (beer and brewery) (biochemistry) (fermentation) (metabolism)
Paternal effect – (developmental biology)
Pauli effect (experimental physics) (parapsychology) (psychokinesis)
Payne effect (rubber properties)
Pearson–Anson effect (electronics)
Peltier–Seebeck effect (thermoelectric effect) (electricity) (HVAC) (physical phenomena) (thermodynamics)
Peltzman effect (economics of regulation) (University of Chicago)
Penn effect (economics effects)
Petkau effect (radiobiology)
Phaser (effect) (audio effects) (effects units)
Phillips effect (employment) (inflation)
Photoacoustic Doppler effect (Doppler effects) (radar signal processing) (radio frequency propagation) (wave mechanics)
Photoelectric effect (Albert Einstein) (electrical phenomena) (foundational quantum physics)
Photorefractive effect (nonlinear optics)
Photothermal effect (particle physics) (photochemistry) (physics)
Picture superiority effect (cognitive biases) (educational psychology) (memory biases) (psychological theories)
Piezoresistive effect (electrical phenomena)
Pigou effect (economics effects)
Pioneer effect (astrodynamics) (pioneer program)
Placebo effect (bioethics) (clinical research) (experimental design) (history of medicine) (Latin medical phrases) (Latin words and phrases) (medical ethics) (medical terms) (medicinal chemistry) (mind–body interventions) (pharmacology) (psychological theories) (research methods) (theories)
Plasma effect (demo effects)
Plateau effect (systems science) (metaphors referring to places)
Plummer effect (iodine) (medicine)
Pockels effect (cryptography) (nonlinear optics) (polarization)
Polar effect (physical organic chemistry)
Polar effect (genetics) (genetics)
Portevin–Le Chatelier effect (engineering) (materials science)
Position-effect variegation (genetics)
Positivity effect (aging) (cognition) (cognitive biases) (memory) (memory biases) (psychological theories) (psychology)
Poynting effect (gases)
Poynting–Robertson effect (celestial mechanics)
Practical effect (special effects)
Pratfall effect (psychology)
Precedence effect (acoustics) (sound perception)
Primakoff effect (particle physics)
Priority effect (ecology)
Probe effect (software development philosophies) (system administration)
Proteus effect (consciousness) (psychology)
Proximity effect (atomic physics) (nuclear physics) (physics)
Proximity effect (audio) (acoustics)
Proximity effect (electromagnetism) (electrical engineering)
Proximity effect (electron beam lithography) (condensed matter physics)
Proximity effect (superconductivity) (superconductivity)
Pseudocertainty effect
Pulfrich effect (3D imaging) (optical illusions)
Purkinje effect (optical illusions) (perception) (vision)
Pygmalion effect (cognitive biases)

Q
QMR effect (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (magnetism) (optics) (optical phenomena)
Quantum confined stark effect (quantum mechanics)
Quantum Hall effect (Hall effect) (condensed matter physics) (quantum electronics) (spintronics)
Quantum Zeno effect (quantum measurement)

R
Raman effect (physics)
Ramp effect (drug addiction) (drug rehabilitation)
Ramsauer–Townsend effect (physical phenomena) (scattering)
Ransom note effect (typography)
Rashomon effect (psychology)
Ratchet effect (game theory)
Rear projection effect (special effects)
Rebound effect (medical sign)
Rebound effect (conservation) (economics paradoxes) (energy) (energy conservation)
Red-eye effect (science of photography)
Relativistic Doppler effect (Doppler effects) (special relativity)
Renner–Teller effect (molecular physics)
Reverse Cerenkov effect (physics)
Reverse short-channel effect (transistors)
Ringelmann effect (social psychology)
Ripple effect (education) (sociology)
Robin Hood effect (income distribution) (Robin Hood) (socioeconomics) (taxation)
Roe effect (abortion debate) (abortion in the United States)
Root effect (fish) (hemoproteins) (respiratory physiology)
Rope trick effect (nuclear weapons)
Rossiter–McLaughlin effect (Doppler effects) (extrasolar planets) (spectroscopy) (star systems)
Rusty bolt effect (radio electronics)
Russ Christ effect (PV rejection profile)

S
Sabattier effect (solarization) (photographic processes) (science of photography)
Sachs–Wolfe effect (astronomy) (physical cosmology)
Sagnac effect (optics) (relativity)
Sailing Ship Effect (business) (economics)
Samba effect (Brazil) (economy of Brazil) (history of Brazil)
Sandbox effect (Internet technology) (search engine optimization)
Scharnhorst effect (quantum field theory)
Schottky effect (diodes)
Schwinger effect (particle physics) (hypothetical processes) (quantum electrodynamics)
Screen-door effect (display technology) (technology)
Second gas effect (anesthesia)
Second-system effect (software development)
Seeliger effect (astronomy) (observational astronomy)
Serial position effect (cognitive biases) (psychological theories) (psychologicy)
Shaft effect (motorcycle)
Shapiro effect (effects of gravitation)
Shielding effect (atomic, molecular, and optical physics) (atomic physics) (chemistry) (quantum chemistry)
Shower-curtain effect (fluid dynamics)
Shubnikov–de Haas effect (science)
Side effect (computer science) (computer programming)
Side effect (disambiguation)
Signor–Lipps effect (extinction) (fossils) (paleontology)
Silk screen effect (technology)
Silo effect (management) (systems theory)
Simon effect (psychology)
Simpson's paradox aka Yule–Simpson effect (probability) (statistics)
Skin effect (electronics)
Slashdot effect (denial-of-service attacks)(Internet terminology) (Slashdot)
Sleeper effect (social psychology)
Smith–Purcell effect (physics) (quantum optics)
Snackwell effect (consumer behaviour) (psychology)
Snob effect (consumer theory) (economics and finance)
Snowball effect (language) (metaphors)
Somogyi effect (diabetes)
Sound effect (film techniques) (sound effects) (sound production) (special effects)
Southwest effect, The (airline terminology) (Southwest Airlines)
Spacing effect (cognitive biases) (educational psychology) (psychological theories)
Special effect (animation) (special effects)
Spin Hall effect (condensed matter physics) (Hall effect) (physics) (spintronics)
Spoiler effect (psephology) (voting theory)
Stack effect
Stark effect (atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics) (physical phenomena)
Stars (shader effect) (3D computer graphics) (computer graphics) (demo effects)
Status effect (video game gameplay)
Stewart–Tolman effect (electrodynamics)
Stock sound effect (film and video technology) (film and video terminology) (film terminology)
Storage effect (demography) (population ecology)
Streisand effect (dynamic lists) (eponyms) (slang)
Stroop effect (perception) (psychological tests)
Steric effect (chemical kinetics) (chemical reactions) (collision theory) (molecular geometry) (stereochemistry)
Subadditivity effect (cognitive biases)
Subject-expectancy effect (cognitive biases)
Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect (physical cosmology) (radio astronomy)
SVG filter effect (computer graphics) (computer graphics techniques) (image processing) (Scalable Vector Graphics)
Szilard–Chalmers effect (nuclear chemistry)

T
Tamagotchi effect (psychology)
Tanada effect (botany)
Tanzi effect (taxation)

Telescoping effect (memory biases) (psychology)
Testing effect (educational psychology) (memory)
Tetris effect (memory) (Tetris)
Thatcher effect (vision)
Therapeutic effect (medical treatment) (pharmacology)
Thermal flywheel effect (heat) (thermodynamics)
Thermal Hall effect (condensed matter) (Hall effect) (superconductivity)
Third-person effect (media studies)
Thorpe–Ingold effect (chemical kinetics) (organic chemistry)
Threshold effect (particle physics) (physics) (renormalization group)
Tinkerbell effect (sociology)
Tocqueville effect (sociology)
Training effect (cardiovascular system) (exercise physiology) (medicine) (respiratory system) (sports terminology)
Trans effect (coordination chemistry)
Transformer effect (electrodynamics)
Transverse flow effect (aerodynamics)
Trench effect (fire)
Triboelectric effect (electrical phenomena) (electricity)
Trickle up effect
Trickle-down effect (marketing)
Twisted nematic field effect (display technology) (liquid crystal displays) (liquid crystals)
Twomey effect (air pollution) (atmospheric radiation) (clouds, fog and precipitation)
Tyndall effect (physical phenomena) (scattering)

U
Umov effect (astronomy) (observational astronomy) (planetary science)
Unruh effect (quantum field theory) (thermodynamics)
Urban heat island effect (climate change feedbacks and causes) (climate forcing)

V
Vandenbergh effect (biology)
Vaporific effect (fire)
Veblen effect (consumer theory) (goods)
Venturi effect (fluid dynamics)
Venus effect (artistic techniques) (cognitive science) (film techniques) (mirrors) (psychology)
Visual effects (computer generated imagery)
Visual effects art director
Voigt effect (magnetism) (optics)
Von Restorff effect (cognitive biases) (psychological theories)
Vroman effect (molecular and cellular biology)

W
Wagon-wheel effect (optical illusion)
Wahlund effect (evolution) (population genetics)
Walker effect (illusions of self-motion) (spatial misconception)
Walkman effect (computing and society) (technology)
Wallace effect (evolutionary biology) (speciation)
Warburg effect (biochemistry) (oncology) (photosynthesis)
Wealth effect (economics and finance) (wealth)
Weapons effect (gun politics)
Weathervane effect (aviation terminology)
Weissenberg effect (physics)
Westermarck effect (psychology) (incest)
Wet floor effect (computer graphic techniques) (computer graphics) (Web 2.0)
Whitten effect (menstruation)
Wien effect (electrochemistry)
Wigner effect (condensed matter physics) (nuclear technology) (physical phenomena) (radiation effects)
Wilson effect (astronomy) (Sun)
Wilson–Bappu effect (physics)
Wimbledon effect (economic theories) (economy of Japan) (economy of London)
Windkessel effect (physiology)
Withgott effect (linguistics) (phonetics)
Wolf effect (scattering) (spectroscopy)
Wolff–Chaikoff effect (iodine) (medicine)
Woozle effect (psychology) (scientific method) (sociology)
Word superiority effect (cognitive science)
Worse-than-average effect (cognitive biases) (psychological theories) (social psychology)

X
Xenia effect (agriculture) (genetics)

Y
Yarkovsky effect (celestial mechanics)
Yarkovsky–O'Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect (celestial mechanics)
Yule–Simpson effect (probability) (statistics)

Z
Zeeman effect (atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics) (magnetism) (physical phenomena)
Zeigarnik effect (cognitive biases) (educational psychology) (learning) (psychological theories)

Science-related lists
Technical terminology
Scientific_phenomena

List of effects


Das Haus du Châtelet ist eine jüngere Linie des Hauses "le Chasteler", die wiederum eine Nebenlinie der Herzöge von Oberlothringen aus dem Haus Lothringen/Elsaß war.

Der erste Träger des Namens war Thierry du Diable oder d'Enfer, ein Sohn von Herzog Friedrich I. von Lothringen.

Nachdem er das Tal von Removille und anderen Ländereien im Tal des Vair als Apanage erhalten hatte, baute er auf einer, in seinem Besitz Barville gelegenen Landzunge  oberhalb des Ortes Horchechamp eine Burg. Diese erhielt den Namen Châtelet und wurde Sitz der Herrschaft. Nach ihr nannte sich dann die Familie.

Der Stamm der du Châtelet gliederte sich in elf Linien.

Heraldik

Wappen des Hauses Châtelet :

Stamm

 Thierry_le_Diable/Thierry de Lorraine
 │
 └─> Ferri du Chasteler oder Chastelet
     ⚭ Isabelle de Joinville
     │
     ├─> Jean du Chasteler oder Chastelet
     │   ⚭ Gilette de Passavant
     │   │
     └─> Thierry du Chasteler, führte das Haus "du Chasteler" fort.
         │
         └─> Henri du Châtelet, erster Chef des Hauses Châtelet
              Chevalier, Seigneur de Autigny
              ⚭ 1) - de Bauffremont
             │ ⚭ 2) Adeline de Germiny
             │
             └1> Erard du Châtelet
                  Chevalier, Seigneur du Châtelet & Autigny
                  ⚭ Odette de Chauvirey
                 │
                 └─> Renaud du Châtelet (*? ; † 22. März 1429),
                      Chevalier, Seigneur du Châtelet, Deuilly (Anteil), von Removille und Theuillieres,
                      Bailli de Bassigny
                      ⚭ Jeanne de Chauffour (*? ; † 1435)
                     │
                     ├─> Erard II du Châtelet (* 1416 ; † 18. August 1459), genannt: le grand Chevalier,
                     │    Baron und Seigneur von Deuilly, Cirey, Bulgnéville
                     │    Kammerherr des Königs von Sizilien, Marschall und Generalgouverneur von Lothringen
                          und Bar
                     │    ⚭ 1) Alix de Saint-Eulien
                     │   │⚭  2) Marguerite de Grancey, am 25. Oktober 1466
                     │   │
       	             └─> Philibert du Châtelet, Begründer der Linie "de Sorcy"
                         │
                         ├1> Pierre du Châtelet (* 1459 ; † Dezember 1482),
                         │    Seigneur du Châtelet, Deuilly, Bulgnéville, Saint-Eulien, Cirey, Bouzancourt,
                              Pierrefitte, Chainley,
                         │     Merlant, Outrepon, Ische, Balerne, Nancey und Guimont
                         │    ⚭ 1) Manne d'Autel, am 23. Januar 1449
                         │    ⚭ 2) Jeanne de Toulonjon
                         │   │
                         ├1> Guillaume du Châtelet, Begründer der Linie "de Pierrefitte"
                         │   │
                         └2> Erard du Châtelet, genannt "der Jüngere", Begründer der Linie "de Bulgnéville"
                             │
                             ├1> Erard III. du Châtelet (* 1482; † 1519)
                             │    Chevalier, Seigneur du Châtelet, Cirey, Bouzancourt und Briecourt
                             │    ⚭ Françoise de Haraucourt
                             │   │
                             └1> Hue oder Huet du Châtelet, Begründer der Linie "de Deuilly"
                                 │
                                 └─> Christophe du Châtelet (* 1519 ; † 1525),
                                      Seigneur du Châtelet (Anteile), von Deuilly, Bulgnéville, Saint-Eulien, Cirey,
                                       Bouzancourt und Pierrefitte
                                     ⚭ Jacqueline de Bethune, am 14. Oktober 1514
                                     │
                                     └─> Erard IV du Châtelet (1525  – 1545),
                                          Seigneur du Châtelet,  Deuilly, Cirey, Bouzancourt, und Pierrefitte
                                           ⚭ Anne de Hangest († 1566)

Linie de Sorcy

 Philibert du Châtelet (*? ; † 1478 ?)
  Chevalier, Seigneur du Châtelet, Sorcy (Anteile), von Doncourt, Saint-Amand, Bulgnéville, Horchechamp,
  Souverain de Vauvillars
 ⚭ 1) Claude de Paroye
 │⚭ 2) Louise de Granson
 │⚭ 3) Béatrix de Germiny
 │
 ├1> Renaud du Châtelet (*? ; † 1493 ?)
 │    Chevalier, Seigneur du Châtelet, Châteauneuf, Sorcy, Pompierre, Comte de Vignery, Souverain de Vauvillars
 │    Bailli de Chaumont und Sens
 │    ⚭ Charlotte l'Alleman
 │   │
 └2> Nicolas du Châtelet, Begründer der Linie "de Vauvillars"
     │
     └─> Jacques du Châtelet (*? ; † 31. Mai 1551)
          Chevalier, Seigneur du Châtelet, Souverain de Vauvillars, Baron de Châteauneuf et Larbenne,
          Seigneur de Sorcy, Passavant, Pompierre, Bronffey und Raulecourt
          Conseiller und Chambellan des Duc de Lorraine, Bailli von Saint-Michel
         ⚭ Françoise de Beauvau
         │
         ├─> Renaud du Châtelet (*? ; † 4. Februar 1557)
         │    Chevalier, Seigneur du Châtelet & Maxel-sur-Vraye (Anteile), Enseigne in der Compagnie
              des Duc de Lorraine
         │   ⚭ Marie Fresnau
         │
         └─> Antoine du Châtelet (*? ; † 25. Januar 1577)
              Chevalier, Baron du Châtelet et Châteauneuf,
              Seigneur de Passavant, Sarthes, Pompierre, Sorcy, Saint-Martin, Boussey, Raulecourt
              Conseiller privé und Grand-Chambellan des Duc de Lorraine, Bailli von Nancy
              ⚭ Anne de Beauvau, Dame de Passavant (*? ; † 10. Oktober 1579)
             │
             └─> Charles du Châtelet (*? ; † 25. Mai 1587)
                  Chevalier, Baron de Châteauneuf, Seigneur du Châtelet-Passavant, Sorcy, Broussey, und Raulecourt
                  ⚭ Madeleine de Gournay

Linie de Bulgnéville

 Erard du Châtelet, genannt der Junge, Chevalier,
  Seigneur du Châtelet (Anteile), von Deuilly, Bulgnéville, Cirey, Saint-Amand und Pierrefitte
  ⚭ -? de Haraucourt
 │
 └─> Claude du Châtelet (*? ; † 19. Februar 1562) , Chevalier, Seigneur du Châtelet (Anteile),Naive,
        Bulgnéville und Pierrefitte
      ⚭ Hélène de Roucy
     │
     ├─> Antoine du Châtelet, Chevalier, Seigneur de Pierrefitte (Anteile), Bulgnéville und  Saint-Amand
     │    ⚭ 1) Marguerite de Rouillac
     │    ⚭ 2) Lucie de Tilly
     │
     └─> Phillipe du Châtelet (*? ; † 9. Juni 1674), Chevalier, Seigneur de Bulgnéville, Pierrefitte
         und  Saint-Amand
          ⚭ Adrienne de Miremont
         │
         └─> Phillipe du Châtelet (*? ; † 4. Januar 1607), Chevalier, Seigneur de Bulgnéville,
              Gentilhomme im Gefolge von Duc Charles
             ⚭ Madeleine de Nogent
             │
             └─> Françoise
                  ⚭ Réné-Saladin d'Anglure, (am 5. Mai 1627)

Linie de Pierrefitte

 Guillaume du Châtelet (1459 – 1476)
  Baron du Châtelet et Alix de Saint-Eulien
  ⚭ Yolande de Haraucourt, (1460)
 │
 └─> Philibert I. du Châtelet (* 1476 ; † 1. Dezember 1534)
      Chevalier, Baron du Châtelet et Saint-Amand, Seigneur de Sorcy, Pierrefitte, Saint-Eulien, Bulgnéville
      und  Hansignement
      Conseiller und Chambellan des Duc de Lorraine, Senéchal de Barrois, Bailli de Bassigny
      ⚭ 1) Nicole de Vernencourt, (Eheschließung annulliert)
      ⚭ 2) Marguerite de Ville, Dame de Domjulien
     │
     └2> Jean du Châtelet (1529 – 1566)
          Chevalier, Seigneur de Pierrefitte, Saint-Amand, Domjulien, Vauvillars, Cirey und Bouzancourt
          ⚭ 1) Jacqueline de Bethune
         │⚭ 2) Philippa de Ludres
         │
         └1> Philibert II. du Châtelet (* 1531 ; † 14. Mai 1568)
              Chevalier, Seigneur de Pierrefitte, "Colonel des reîtres" unter Charles IX
              ⚭ Françoise de Lenoncourt (*? ; † 1591) (Haus Lenoncourt)
             │
             └─> Louis du Châtelet (*? ; † 1604), Chevalier, Baron de Cirey et Saint-Amand,
                  Kapitän der Kavallerie im Régiment de Rhingrave
                  ⚭ Ursule de Ruden-de-Collemberg, (am 5. September 1590)
                 │
                 └─> Louis-Jules du Châtelet (8. August 1594 ; † 1671)
                      Chevalier, Baron de Cirey et Saint-Amand, Seigneur de Pierrefitte, Domjulien
                      Conseiller d'état, Gentilhomme de la chambre des Duc de Lorraine,
                      Gouverneur von Aigues-Mortes, Maréchal de camp, Premier chambellan
                      von "Monsieur", (Bruder des Königs)
                      ⚭ Christine de Gleseneuve, (25. Februar 1618 )
                     │
                     ├─> Charles du Châtelet (1630 ; † 18. Februar 1693)
                     │    Chevalier, Marquis du Châtelet et Cirey, Comte de Game et Marigny,
                     │    Maître de camp im Régiment de cavalerie von Gaston de France, Maréchal de camp,
                     │    Gouverneur von Aigues-Mortes und la Tour de Carbonniere
                     │    ⚭ Catherine de Lameth, am 25. November 1672 (*? ; † 24. November 1675)
                     │
                     └─> Charles-Antoine du Châtelet (* 1631 oder 1633 ; † 18. Februar 1693)
                          Chevalier, Marquis de Pierrefitte, Kommandant von Metz, Lieutenent-général
                           in der Armee des Königs
                          ⚭ Marle de Neuville, am 31. März 1677 (*? ; † 15. Juli 1703),
                         │
                         └─> Marie-Gabrielle-Charlotte (* 1678 ? ; † 12. August 1705)
                             ⚭ Florent du Châtelet, aus der Linie Lomont, am 15. März 1692

Linie de Deuilly

 Hue oder Huet du Châtelet
  Chevalier, Baron de Deuilly, Seigneur  du Châtelet (Anteile), von Saint-Amand, Cirey, Thons und Saint-Eulien
  ⚭ 1) Madeleine de Wisse-de-Gerbevillers, am 13. Oktober 1486 (*?; † 26. Oktober 1488)
 │⚭ 2) Jeanne Cicon
 │⚭ 3) Guillemette d'Amoncourt
 │
 ├1> Pierre du Châtelet, genannt: Perrin (*?; † 23. August 1556)
 │    Chevalier, Baron de Deuilly, Seigneur du Châtelet, von Bulgnéville (Anteile), von Gerbivillers, Romont
      und Bazemont
 │    Conseiller d'état, Sénéchal de Lorraine und Bailli de Nancy
 │   ⚭ Bonne de Baudoche, am 15. Dezember 1520
 │   │
 └2> Jean du Châtelet, Begründer der Linie "de Thons"
     │
     └─> Orly du Châtelet (*?; † Mai 1569)
          Chevalier, Baron de Deuilly, Seigneur de Bulgnéville, Gerbivillers, Romont, Bazemont und Sénoncourt
          ⚭ Jeanne de Scepeaux, im Jahre 1555
         │
         └─> Claude du Châtelet (*?; † 21. September 1589)
              Chevalier, Baron de Deuilly, Seigneur de Bulgnéville, Gerbivillers, Romont, Bazemont
              ,Cornette in der Compagnie des Duc de Lorraine
             ⚭ Anne de Beauvilliers (*?; † 1636)

Linie de Thons

 Jean du Châtelet (-; † 1590 ?)
  Chevalier, Baron du Châtelet, de Thons, Souverain de Vauvillars et Châtillon-en-Vosges, Marquis de Trichâteau,
  Seigneur de Bonney et Champigneul
  Chevalier de l'ordre de Saint Esprit, Gentilhomme ordinaire de la chambre du roi,
  Surintendant des Gebietes von  Bassigny und Gouverneur von Langres
  ⚭ 1) Marguerite de Haussonville, im Jahre 1541
 │⚭ 2) Claire-Renée de Choiseul, im Jahre 1561
 │
 ├1> Jean du Châtelet (*?; † 1610), Chevalier, Baron du Châtelet,
 │    Seigneur de Thons, Châtillon-en-Vosges, Champigneul, Margeville, Baron de Thons & Chaivrey
 │    Gentilhomme de la chambre du roi, Gentilhomme du Duc de Lorraine, Maréchal und Chef des Finanzwesens
      von Lothringen und Bar
 │    ⚭ 1) Anne de Choiseul
 │    ⚭ 2) Anne-Marie-Elisabeth Bayer-de-Boppart
 │
 ├1> René du Châtelet (*?; † 1617)
 │    Chevallier, Seigneur de Bevillers, Romont, Bazemont, Chaumancey, Châtillon-en-vosges, Champigneul
      und Margeville
 │    ⚭ Gabrielle de Lenoncourt (*?; † 1638)
 │   │
 └1> Erard du Châtelet, Begründer der Linie "de Trichâteau-Bonney"
     │
     └─> Antoine du Châtelet
          Marquis du Châtelet et de Cirey, Seigneur de Thons, de Chauvirey, Gerbevillers, Romont, Bazemont
          und Champigneul
          ⚭ 1) Catherine de Prissac
         │⚭ 2) Gabrielle de Mailly, im Jahre 1633
         │
         └1> Pierre-Antoine du Châtelet (*?; † 11. Februar 1740)
              Chevalier, Marquis du Châtelet, Baron de Cirey, Seigneur de Chauviray und Thons
              ⚭ Marie-Richarde de Jauny
             │
             └─> René-François du Châtelet
                  Marquis du Châtelet et Grand-Seille, Baron de Cirey
                  Chambellan, Colonel des gardes et général-major des troupes de son altesse royale
                  Cosimo III. de' Medici
                 ⚭ Marie de Fleming, am 10. Februar 1710

Linie de Trichâteau-Bonney

 Erard du Châtelet (* ?; † 13. Dezember 1648)
  Chevalier, Marquis de Trichâteau, Baron de Bonney, Thons, Bulgnéville, Seigneur de Cirey, Châtillon-en-Vosges
  & Lomont, Gentilhomme de la chambre von König Henri III, Conseiller d'état, Sénechal et Maréchal de Lorraine
  et Barrois, Gouverneur von Gray
 ⚭ Lucrece Dorfans
 │
 ├─> Antoine du Châtelet (1604–1674)
 │    Chevalier, Marquis de Trichâteu, Baron de Thons, Bulgnéville,
 │    Seigneur de Lomont, Vaucontour, Roye, Leauffay, Andomay, Manisbert, Voulan, Mizaudan, Lenoncourt, Contreglise,
      Cané, Gauzencourt, Evillier, d'Aumale, la Bruyere
 │    Capitaine des gardes suisses de son altesse sérénissime de Lorraine, Gentilhomme de la chambre du roi
 │    ⚭ Elisabeth-Louise de Haraucourt, am 27. Februar 1635
 │
 └─> Erard du Châtelet, Begründer der Linie de Clémont
       │
       ├─> Charles-Gabriel du Châtelet (* ?; † 6. August 1696)
       │    Marquis du Châtelet, Seigneur de Lomont, Sénoncourt, Gesincourt, Aboncourt, Bonney
       │   ⚭ 1) ? de Dorfans
       │   ⚭ 2) Anne-Eléonore de Thomassin
       │   │
       ├─> Florent du Châtelet, Begründer der Linie de Lomont
       │   │
       └─> Honoré-Henri-Arnold du Châtelet, Begründer der Linie de Trichâteau
           │
           └2> Ferdinant-Florent du Châtelet
                Marquis du Châtelet, Seigneur de Lomont, Montbaillon, Pin, Pont-le-Magny
                Colonel der Infanterie
               ⚭ Marie-Emmanuelle de Poitiers, im Jahre 1712

Linie de Lomont

 Florent du Châtelet (* 8. Februar 1652; † 27. Januar 1732)
  genannt: Comte de Lomont, Seigneur de Cirey & Pierrefitte
  ,Chanoine Aide de camp des Maréchal de Turenne; Kommandant von Le Havre, Maréchal des camps et armées du roi,
  Kommandant von Dunkerque, Commandeur de l'ordre de Saint-Louis
  ⚭ Marie-Gabrielle-Charlotte du Châtelet, am 15. März 1692 (*? ; † 12. August 1705),
 │
 └─> Florent-Claude du Châtelet ( 27. April 1695; † 28. November 1765)
      Marquis du Châtelet, Chevalier, Seigneur de Cirey
      Colonel im Régiment du Hainaut, Maréchal de camp, Lieutenant-général des armées du roi, Grand bailli
      von Auxois & Sar-Louis, Gouverneur von Sémur, Grang-Croix, Commandeur des Ordre de Saint-Louis
     ⚭ Emilie de Breteuil, am 20. Juni 1725
     │
     └─> Florent-Louis-Marie du Châtelet (* 20. November 1727; † 13. Dezember 1793)
          Comte du Châtelet-Lomont, Duc du Châtelet de Haraucourt, Seigneur de Cirey, Saint-Remy, Avison, Aigremont,
           Blanques und Fayet, Gouverneur von Sémur und Toul, Maréchal des camps des armées du roi, Grand'croix
           de l'ordre militaire de Saint-Louis, Gesandter am Kaiserhof von Wien, Botschafter in England
          ⚭ Diane-Adélaïde de Rochechouard, am 24. April  1752 in Anwesenheit von König Ludwig XV. der Königin
           und der königlichen Familie.

Linie de Trichâteau

 Honoré-Henri-Arnold du Châtelet (*?; † August 1720)
  Marquis de Trichâteau
  Colonel der Infanterie, Staatsrat, Kapitän der Gardes-du-corps von  Leopold, Duc de Lorraine,
   Grand bailli de Nancy
 ⚭ Isabelle-Agnès (*?; † 1712), Baronne de Honsbruck
 │
 └─> Marc-Antoine du Châtelet (*?; † 2. April 1740)
      Marquis de Trichâteau, Seigneur de Ham-Beringer & Fouckray
      Kammerherr seiner Hoheit des Großherzogs von der Toskana

Linie de Clémont

 Erard du Châtelet
  Baron du Châtelet, Seigneur de Thons, Clémont & Bulgnéville
  Kapitän der Gardes-du-corps von Charles III, Duc de Lorraine,
  General der Artillerie, Marschall von Lothringen
  ⚭ 1) Claire-Grançoise Rouxel-Medavi (*?; † 23. Dezember 1656)
  ⚭ 2) Anne-Elisabeth d'Aumont, Dame d'Aubigny et de Faye, am ? (*?; † 19. Juni 1665)
   3) Marie de la Baume-le-Blanc de la Valliere (* 1624? ; † 27. Dezember 1712)
 │
 └2> Antoine-Charles du Châtelet (*? ; † September 1720)
      Marquis du Châtelet & d'Aubigny, Seigneur de Thons & Clémont,
      Inhaber eines Kavallerieregiments, Brigadier der Armee des Königs,
      Maréchal de camp, Lieutenant général,
      Capitaine des Chasses, Gouverneur des Château de Vincennes
     ⚭ Thérèse-Marie de Bellefonds, am 8. Januar 1688 (*? ; † Oktober 1733), Tochter des Marschalls Bellefonds
     │
     └─> François-Bernardin du Châtelet
          Marquis du Châtelet, Baron de Thons & Clémont
          Maréchal des camps et armées du roi, Gouverneur des Château de Vincennes
          ⚭ Armande-Gabrielle du Plessis-Richelieu, am 23. April 1714
         │
         └─> Marie-Suzanne-Armande
             ⚭ Godefroi-Armand, Marquis de Bellefonds, am 21. Juni 1733

Linie de Vauvillars

 Nicolas du Châtelet (-; † 1519 ?),
  Souverain de Vauvillars,
  Seigneur de Montreux-sur-Saone, Deuilly, Saint-Julien, Serecourt, Dignecourt, Norville, Landeville
  und Girencourt
  ⚭ Bonne de Cicon (1487)
 │
 └─> Erard du Châtelet ( -; † 15. Oktober 1525)
      Chevalier, Souverain de Vauvillars, Seigneur de Montreux-sur-Saone, Mogneville und Mangeville
      ⚭ Nicole de Lenoncourt, Dame de Mangeville, am 15. Juli 1512 (-; † 9. November 1555)
     │
     └─> Nicolas du Châtelet ( -; † 19. Dezember 1562)
          Souverain de Vauvillars, Mogneville & Mangeville, Seigneur de Villesu-Illon,
          Montureux & Mervaux
          ⚭ Elisabeth de Haraucourt, am 8. Juli 1543

Literatur

 Dictionnaire de la noblesse, Badier, 1772
 Histoire généalogique de la maison du Châtelet de Dom Calmet, Nancy, 1741 ;
 Cirey-le-Château de L'abbé Piot, paru dans les Mémoires de la Société des lettres, des sciences, des arts, de l'agriculture et de l'industrie de Saint-Dizier, Tome 2, 1882
 Histoire des Séquanois et de la province séquanoise, Volume 2 par François Ignace Dunod de Charnage, 1737

Fußnoten

Châtenois (Adelsgeschlecht)
Linie eines Adelsgeschlechts
Geschichte (Lothringen)
Stammliste

Haus du Châtelet


(Z)-3-Hexenal ist eine chemische Verbindung aus der Gruppe der Aldehyde.

Vorkommen

(Z)-3-Hexenal kommt vielfältig in der Natur (z. B. in Spinat, Pfirsichen, Citrusfrüchten, Erdbeeren, grünem Tee, Basilikum, Petersilie) vor und gehört zu den Grünen Blattduftstoffen. Die Biosynthese vieler dieser Stoffe erfolgt aus α-Linolensäure, die mittels Lipoxygenasen über eine Peroxycarbonsäure zu flüchtigem (Z)-3-Hexenal und einer nichtflüchtigen C12-Verbindung gespalten wird. Das 3-Hexenal wird zum bekanntesten Vertreter der grünen Blattduftstoffe reduziert, dem (Z)-3-Hexenol, welches auch als Blattalkohol bekannt ist. Das Isomer (E)-3-Hexenal kommt ebenfalls natürlich (z. B. in Zuckermelonen, Tee, Äpfeln und Aprikosen) vor. Sein Aroma ist jedoch deutlich schwächer als das des (Z)-Isomers.

Es entsteht auch bei der Lagerung linolsäurehaltiger Lebensmittel.

Gewinnung und Darstellung
(Z)-3-Hexenal kann durch Oxidation von (Z)-3-Hexenol gewonnen werden.

Eigenschaften
(Z)-3-Hexenal ist eine farblose Flüssigkeit mit grün, fruchtigem Geruch. Das technische Produkt wird als Lösung in Triacetin angeboten.

Verwendung
(Z)-3-Hexenal ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil des Aromas frisch gepresster Säfte (z. B. Orange, Grapefruit). Da es wesentlich instabiler ist als (E)-2-Hexenal (zu dem es isomeriert), wird es kaum zur Aromatisierung von Lebensmitteln verwendet.

Einzelnachweise

Alkenal
Aromastoff (EU)
Flüchtiger Pflanzenstoff
Futtermittelzusatzstoff (EU)

(Z)-3-Hexenal


Capella er en dansk kortfilm fra 1987 med instruktion og manuskript af Lizzie Corfixen.

Handling
En kvinde isolerer sig fra omverdenen på grund af angst og mangel på kærlighed. I sin desperation skaber hun drømmen om et liv udenfor.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1987

Capella (film)


Enquête au paradis est un documentaire français réalisé par Merzak Allouache, sorti en 2017.

Synopsis
Une jeune journaliste, Nedjma, interroge des Algériens sur la représentation du paradis dans l'Islam.

Le film mêle le documentaire avec le road movie fictionnel de deux journalistes.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Enquête au paradis
 Réalisation : Merzak Allouache
 Scénario : Bahia Allouache et Merzak Allouache
 Photographie : Hocine Hadjali
 Production : Bahia Allouache et Merzak Allouache
 Société de production : Baya Films et Les Asphofilms
 Société de distribution : Zootrope Films (France)
 Pays :
 Genre : documentaire
 Durée : 135 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :  (Docs Against Gravity Film Festival)
 :

Distribution
 Salima Abada
 Mohamed Seghir Bendaoud
 Amine Kabbes

Accueil
Marie Cailletet pour Télérama évoque un film « sobre, d'une redoutable efficacité et non dénué d'humour ». Jacques Mandelbaum pour Le Monde parle d'un « documentaire pétri de vitalité ».

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film français sorti en 2017
Film documentaire français
Road movie
Film documentaire sur le journalisme
Film documentaire sur l'islam
Film se déroulant en Algérie
Film réalisé par Merzak Allouache

Enquête au paradis


Progress MS-10 (), identificată de NASA drept Progress 71 sau 71P, este o navă spațială utilizată de Agenția Federală Spațială Rusă pentru a reaproviziona Stația Spațială Internațională.

Lansare
Progress MS-10 a fost lansat la bordul unei rachete Soyuz-FG la 16 noiembrie 2018, la ora 18:14 UTC  de la Cosmodromul Baikonur din Kazahstan.

Andocare
Progress MS-10 a andocat în mod normal folosind portul de andocare din modulul Zvezda, la 18 noiembrie 2018 la 19:28 UTC.

Încărcătură
Progress MS-10 a transportat circa 2564 kg de mărfuri și bunuri către Stația Spațială Internațională. Nava spațială a livrat alimente, combustibil și provizii, inclusiv aproximativ 750 kg de combustibil propulsor, 75 kg de oxigen și aer și 440 kg de apă.

Note

Nave de serviciu ale Stației Spațiale Internaționale
2018 în Rusia
Pages with unreviewed translations

Progress MS-10


Knud den Stores invasion af England skete i efteråret 1016, hvor den danske kong Knud den Store invaderede England. Knuds far, Svend Tveskæg, havde erobret og hersket over England i en kort periode i 1013-1014.

Slaget ved Brentford blev udkæmpet i 1016 mellem den 9. maj (der er den omtrentlige dato, hvor Knud gik i land ved Greenwich og den 18. oktober (datoen for slaget ved Ashingdon) mellem englænderne, der blev ledet af Edmund Jernside og danerne, der blev ledet af Knud den Store. Det var en i en serie kampe, der blev udkæmpet mellem Edmund og Knud, hvilket endte med at resultere i, at det land som Edmunds far, Ethelred 2. den Rådvilde, havde haft, blev delt imellem de to. Edmund vandt slaget ved Brentford, men formåede i sidste ende ikke at forsvare det landområde, som han havde arvet efter sin far.

Slaget ved Assandun (eller Essendune) blev udkmæpet mellem danernes og englændernes hære den 18. oktober 1016. Der er uenighed om Assandun muligvis er Ashdon nær Saffron Walden i det nordlige Essex eller om det Ashingdon nær Rochford i det sydøstlige Essex som man længe har troet. Det endte med sejr til danerne under ledelse af Knud den store, der triumferede over den engelsk hær ledet af Edmund Jernside. Slaget blev afslutningen på den danske erobring af England.

Slaget nævnes kort i Knýtlingesaga'en, som citerer et vers af Óttarr svarti, der var en af Knuds hofskjalde.

{{citat|Kong Knud kæmpede i det tredje slag, et stort ét, mod sønner af Æthelred på et sted kaldet Ashington, nord for danernes skove. Med Ottars ord:

Ved Ashington virkede du vel
i skjold-krig, krigerkonge;
brun var ligenes kød
serveret til blod-fuglen
i slaget du vand
sir, med dit sværd
nok af et navn her,
nord for danernes skove.}}

Under slaget blev Eädnoth den yngre, Biskop af Dorchester, dræbt af Knuds mænd, mens han var i gang med at messe for Edmunds mænd. Ifølge Liber Eliensis'' blev Eadnoths hånd først hugget af for en ring, og hans krop blev herefter hugget i stykker. Ealdormanden Ulfcytel Snillingr blev også dræbt under slaget.

Efterspil
Efter sit nederlag blev Edmund tvunget til underskrive en traktat med Knud. I denne traktat anerkendte han at hele England, med undtagelse af Wessex, ville blive regeret af Knud, og at når en af de to konger døde, så ville den anden overtage hele landet, og at kongens søn herefter ville være arving til tronen.

Efter Edmunds død den 30. november byggede Knud en kirke, et kapel eller lignende hellig bygning på stedet, hvor han vandt slaget, for at mindes de soldater, der var døde i kamp. Nogle få år senere, i 1020, stod kirken færdig og den blev kendt som Ashingdon Minster, på toppen af bakken ved stedet for slaget ved Ashingdon. Kirken står der fortsat i dag. Knud deltog ved indvielsen af kirken sammen med sine biskopper og han udpegede sin personlige præst, Stigand, til at være præst her. Kirken er i dag tilegnet sankt Andres (Saint Andrew), men man mener, at den tidligere har været dedikeret til sankt Mikael, der blev betragtet som en militær skysthelgen. Mange kirker dedikeret til ham er placeret på en bakketop.

Danske konger i England

Som følge af Knuds konsolidering af magten i England, ser vi en periode på lidt under 30 år, hvor der sidder danske konger på den engelske trone. Når man regner Knud den Stores far Svend Tveskæg med, giver det følgende række af danske konger i England:

 Svend Tveskæg (1013-1014)
 Knud den Store (1016-1035 (måske tillige kortvarigt i 1014))
 Hardeknud (1035-1037 & 1040-1042)
 Harald Harefod (1037-1040)

Med Harald Harefods og Hardeknuds død i 1040 og 1042 kommer den danske indflydelse i England dog hurtigt til en ende, og ikke førend i 1603 kom der igen en efterkommer af Svend Tveskæg på den engelske trone.

Referencer

Vikingernes krigsførelse
Slag med deltagelse af England
Slag med deltagelse af Danmark
Begivenheder i 1016

Knud den Stores invasion af England


حزب النهضة الإسلامي تأسّس عام 1973 ويقوم الحزب على أفكار وأهداف ومبادئ تنظيم جماعة الإخوان المسلمين ويستوحي منهجه من كتب الإمام حسن البنا وسيد قطب ومحمد قطب ومحمد الغزالي والمودودي المستوحاة من القرآن الكريم والسنة الشريفة المطهّرة وترأّس حزب النهضة الإسلامية في طاجيكستان الشيخ عبد الله نوري الذي توفي عام 2006 بعد مرض عضال، ويرى المراقبون أنه الحزب الثاني من حيث الأهمية في البلاد.
وفي عام 1991 م انعقد المؤتمر التأسيسي لحزب النهضة الإسلامي في إحدى قاعات مبنى الحزب الشيوعي المنحل.
شارك الحزب في حرب الاستقلال الطاجيكية ما بين عامي 1992 وعام 1997 واستفاد الحزب من تنظيمه والانسجام في صفوفه
وفي عام 1992 أعلن رحمن ناييف الرئيس الشيوعي السابق حالة الطوارئ في البلاد مما جعل المعارضة الإسلامية تقوم بحشد أنصارها أمام البرلمان في اعتصام مفتوح وبعد إسبوع استولت على الإذاعة والتلفزيون ثم حاصرت مبنى الاستخبارات. وفي 11 أيار عام 1991م وافق ناييف على مطالب المعارضة فتشكّلت حكومة ائتلافية.

وفي أيلول قدم 1992م قدّم ناييف استقالته في مطار العاصمة بينما كان يحاول الفرار إلى الشمال واللجوء إلى موسكو، وتسلّمت المعارضة الحكم برئاسة أكبر اسكندروف. فسارعت موسكو إلى تعزيز قواتها في طاجيكستان بوحدة من 800 جندي سيطروا على المطار.
وفي تشرين الثاني عام 1992م أعلن رئيس الجمهورية المؤقت اسكندروف استقالة الحكومة الائتلافية وقبل البرلمان استقالته وعيّنت مكانه شيوعياً سابقاً. رفض الإسلاميون الحكومة الجديدة ودخل الشيوعيون العاصمة.
وفي عام 1993م تمكّنت القوات الحكومية الشيوعية من تصفية جيوب المقاومة في مناطق البامير الجبلية التي لجأ إليها مقاتلوا حزب النهضة الإسلامي.

ويُذكر أن طاجيكستان هي الدولة الوحيدة من الجمهوريات السوفيتية السابقة في آسيا الوسطي التي تسمح بوجود حزب إسلامي وأتاحت للمعارضة الإسلامية فرصة المشاركة بشكل رسمي في الحكم باستثناء حزب التحرير الذي يدعو إلى إقامة الخلافة الإسلامية.
 من زعماء الحزب أيضا محمد شريف همت زاده
 زعيم حزب النهضة الإسلامي، محي الدين كبيري

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 عبد الله نوري.. الوضع السياسي في طاجيكستان، برنامج لقاء اليوم، قناة الجزيرة، 23 مارس 2005م
 طاجيكستان.. ما بعد الأمس - برنامج تحت المجهر 2006 - قناة الجزيرة
 طاجيكستان والصراع على السلطة، برنامج نقطة ساخنة، 28 فبراير 2002
 طاجكستان - الموسوعة العربية
 الإسلام في آسيا الوسطى - نقطة ساخنة - قناة الجزيرة
 العلاقة بين الإسلاميين والسلطة في آسيا الوسطى - المعرفة - قناة الجزيرة
 مخاوف من تراجع جهود المصالحة في طاجيسكتان - الجزيرة 2001
 عاكف ينعى رئيس حزب النهضة الإسلامي في طاجيكستان - إخوان أون لاين
 آسيا الوسطى.. استدعاء الصوفية لمواجهة الأصولية، الجزيرة نت، 23 يونيو 2005م
 فرغانة.. وادي الغضب القادم، برنامج تحت المجهر، قناة الجزيرة، 23 سبتمبر 2005م
 طاجكستان : بين مطرقة الاحتلال الروسي وسندان الاحتواء الغربي، مفكرة الإسلام
 طاجكستان: تضييق الخناق على المساجد قد يؤدي لنتائج عكسية، موقع الاختلاف ثورة، 24 أبريل 2007م
 زعيم حزب النهضة الإسلامي بطاجكستان متحدثا لـ«الإسلاميون.نت»: كبيري: مستقبل آسيا الوسطى مع الإسلام ونخوض الانتخابات رغم العراقيل: لا نريد أن يسد طريق الدعوة بسبب الصدام مع الحكومة، إسلام أون لاين، 18 فبراير 2010
 حزب النهضة الطاجيكي: نحافظ على هوية البلاد سلما، الجزيرة نت، 9 مارس 2005

أحزاب إسلام سياسي محظورة
أحزاب إسلامية سياسية
أحزاب سياسية أسست في 1976
ط
أحزاب سياسية أسست في 1990
أحزاب طاجيكستان
الإخوان المسلمون
الإسلام السياسي في طاجيكستان
اليمين المتطرف
إسلاموية
جماعات إسلاموية
سياسة يمينية متطرفة في آسيا
منظمات إسلامية مقرها في طاجيكستان
منظمات مصنفة على أنها إرهابية في آسيا

حزب النهضة الإسلامية في طاجكستان


A competição dos 4 x 400 metros estafetas feminino no Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 2022 foi realizada no estádio Hayward Field, em Eugene, nos Estados Unidos, nos dias 23 e 24 de julho de 2022.

Recordes
Antes da competição, os recordes eram os seguintes:

Os seguintes recordes mundiais ou olímpicos foram estabelecidos durante esta competição:

Medalhistas

Calendário

Resultados

Eliminatórias
Qualificação: Os três primeiros de cada bateria (Q) e os dois melhores tempos (q) das eliminatórias.

Final
A final ocorreu dia 24 de julho às 19:50.

Ligações externas

 Site da World Athletics

Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 2022

Campeonato Mundial de Atletismo de 2022 - Revezamento 4x400 m feminino


قائمة ببطولات ويمبلدون لسنة 1952:

فردي رجال

 فرانك سيدجمان هزم  ياروسلاف دروبني . النتيجة: 4-6 6-2 6-3 6-2

فردي سيدات

 ماورين كوننلي براينكر هزمت  لويس بروه كلاب. النتيجة: 6-4, 6-3

مراجع

أحداث يونيو 1952 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
أحداث يوليو 1952 الرياضية في المملكة المتحدة
أحداث يوليو 1952 الرياضية
أحداث يونيو 1952 الرياضية
كرة المضرب في 1952

أحداث 1952 الرياضية في لندن

بطولة ويمبلدون 1952


Die Liste der denkmalgeschützten Objekte in Hrušovo enthält das eine nach slowakischen Denkmalschutzvorschriften geschützte Objekt in der Gemeinde Hrušovo im Okres Rimavská Sobota.

Denkmäler

Legende

Einzelnachweise

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Hrusovo