The following is a list of United States cities, towns and unincorporated areas (Census Designated Places) in which a majority (over 50%) of the population is African American or Black, according to data from the 2000 Census. This list does not include cities such as Chicago, Illinois or Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in which, according to the 2000 Census, merely a plurality (as opposed to a majority) of the residents are African American. The list below is organized by state and, within each state, by population size. The percentage of each city's population that is African American is listed in parentheses next to the city's name.

National rankings

Places with over 100,000 people
 Detroit (82.70%)
 Jackson (79.40%)
 Miami Gardens (76.3%)
 Birmingham (73.5%)
 Baltimore (64.3%)
 Memphis (61.4%)
 New Orleans (60.2%)
 Richmond, Virginia (57.2%)
 Flint (56.6%)
 Montgomery (56.6%)
 Savannah (55.0%)
 Cleveland (54.3%)
 Newark (53.5%)
 St. Louis (51.2%)
 Shreveport (50.8%)
 Portsmouth (50.6%)
 Baton Rouge (50.2%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 East St. Louis, Illinois (97.74%)
 East Cleveland, Ohio (93.39%)
 Suitland-Silver Hill, Maryland (93.01%), divided into Silver Hill and Suitland for the 2020 Census
 Gary, Indiana (84.8%)
 Albany, Georgia (71.6%)
 Mount Vernon, New York (61.3%)
 Southfield, Michigan (54.22%)
 Sumter, South Carolina (48.32%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Birdsong, Arkansas (70.7%)
 McMullen, Alabama (60%)
 Falcon, Mississippi (99.68%)
 Moore Station, Texas (98.91%)
 Brooklyn, Illinois (98.67%)
 Tollette, Arkansas (98.46%)
 Mound Bayou, Mississippi (98.43%)
 Velda Village Hills, Missouri (98.35%)
 Hayti Heights, Missouri (98.31%)
 Mitchellville, Arkansas (98.19%)
 Coahoma, Mississippi (98.15%)
 Brookdale, South Carolina (98.05%)
 White Hall, Alabama (98.03%)
 Lincoln Heights, Ohio (97.86%)
 Mosses, Alabama (97.82%)
 Winstonville, Mississippi (97.81%)
 Metcalfe, Mississippi (97.57%)
 North Courtland, Alabama (97.50%)
 Princeville, North Carolina (97.45%)
 Uplands Park, Missouri (97.39%)
 Fayette, Mississippi (97.37%)
 Grambling, Louisiana (97.10%)
 Alorton, Illinois (97.09%)
 Memphis, Alabama (96.97%)
 Carmody Hills-Pepper Mill Village, Maryland (96.90%)
 Seat Pleasant, Maryland (96.72%)
 Bucksport, South Carolina (96.60%)
 Kinloch, Missouri (96.44%)
 Neylandville, Texas (96.43%)
 Anthonyville, Arkansas (96.40%)
 Reed, Arkansas (96.36%)
 Wilson City, Missouri (96.36%)
 Jonestown, Coahoma County, Mississippi (96.30%)
 Garysburg, North Carolina (96.09%)
 Velda City, Missouri (96.04%)
 Renova, Mississippi (95.99%)
 Beulah, Mississippi (95.98%)
 Pine Lawn, Missouri (95.96%)
 Tchula, Mississippi (95.93%)
 Gordonville, Alabama (95.91%)
 Ford Heights, Illinois (95.89%)
 Promised Land, South Carolina (95.89%)
 Phoenix, Illinois (95.83%)
 Fairmount Heights, Maryland (95.82%)
 Glenarden, Maryland (95.77%)
 Wilkinson Heights, South Carolina (95.66%)
 Gresham Park (95.57%)
 Tuskegee, Alabama (95.48%)
 Centreville, Illinois (95.46%)
 Hillsdale, Missouri (95.40%)
 East Hodge, Louisiana (95.08%)
 Goodlow, Texas (95.08%)
 Walker Mill, Maryland (94.99%)
 Haywood City, Missouri (94.98%)
 North Tunica, Mississippi (94.90%)
 Beverly Hills, Missouri (94.53%)
 Allport, Arkansas (94.49%)
 Wallace, Louisiana (93.86%)
 Friars Point, Mississippi (93.85%)
 North Lilbourn, Missouri (93.68%)
 Lawnside, New Jersey (93.61%)
 Coral Hills, Maryland (93.56%)
 Prairie View, Texas (93.51%)
 St. Albans, Queens, New York (93.5%)
 Highland Park, Michigan (93.44%)
 Langston, Oklahoma (93.29%)
 Crawford, Mississippi (93.13%)
 Jericho, Arkansas (92.93%)
 Capitol Heights, Maryland (92.85%)
 Yellow Bluff, Alabama (92.82%)
 Springdale, Maryland (92.79%)
 Norwood Court, Missouri (92.74%)
 Hobson City, Alabama (92.71%)
 Gifford, South Carolina (92.70%)
 Largo, Maryland (92.69%)
 Northwoods, Missouri (92.66%)
 Eastover, South Carolina (92.41%)
 Benton Harbor, Michigan (92.40%)
 Howardville, Missouri (92.40%)
 Glendora, Mississippi (92.28%)
 Hillcrest Heights, Maryland (92.18%)
 Carlisle, South Carolina (92.14%)
 Pagedale, Missouri (92.09%)
 Shaw, Mississippi (92.08%)
 Union, Alabama (92.07%)
 Wellston, Missouri (92.07%)
 Greater Landover, Maryland (92.03%)
 East Dunbar, Florida (91.99%)
 Natchez, Louisiana (91.94%)
 Washington Park, Illinois (91.94%)
 College Station, Arkansas (91.78%)
 Macedonia, Alabama (91.75%)
 Killona, Louisiana (91.72%)
 Lake View, Arkansas (91.71%)
 Tangipahoa, Louisiana (91.57%)
 Lisman, Alabama (91.42%)
 Sunset, Arkansas (91.09%)
 Shelby, Mississippi (91.08%)
 Kettering, Maryland (90.62%)
 Lane, South Carolina (90.43%)
 Warrensville Heights, Ohio (90.41%)
 Fairfield, Alabama (90.23%)

Alabama

Places with over 100,000 people
 Birmingham (2000, 73.19%)

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Bessemer (69.6%)
 Prichard (84.5%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Akron (86.5%)
 Aliceville (66.5%)
 Autaugaville (66.0%)
 Beatrice (72.6%)
 Boligee (88.9%)
 Brent (50.0%)
 Brighton (89.1%)
 Brundidge (63.5%)
 Camden (54.2%)
 Camp Hill (84.9%)
 Clayton (64.0%)
 Clio (57.2%)
 Colony (93.5%)
 Dayton (65.0%)
 Demopolis (50.9%)
 Edgewater (61.1%)
 Emelle (93.6%)
 Epes (84.0%)
 Eutaw (66.0%)
 Evergreen (52.8%)
 Fairfield (90.2%)
 Faunsdale (57.02%)
 Five Points (52.1%)
 Forkland (89.2%)
 Fort Deposit (68.2%)
 Franklin (56.4%)
 Geiger (70.2%)
 Georgiana (61.8%)
 Goodwater (73.3%)
 Gordon (74.0%)
 Gordonville (95.9%)
 Greensboro (60.9%)
 Hayneville (85.5%)
 Hillsboro (82.2%)
 Hobson City (92.7%)
 Hurtsboro (70.3%)
 La Fayette (67.3%)
 Lanett (53.6%)
 Lipscomb (65.6%)
 Lisman (91.4%)
 Livingston (60.8%)
 Loachapoka (61.2%)
 Macedonia (91.8%)
 McMullen (100.0%)
 Marion (62.5%)
 Memphis (97.0%)
 Midfield (59.5%)
 Midway (88.8%)
 Mosses (97.8%)
 Mount Vernon (53.0%)
 Newbern (77.1%)
 North Courtland (97.5%)
 Oak Hill (64.9%)
 Pickensville (63.0%)
 Ridgeville (79.1%)
 Selma (69.7%)
 Selmont-West Selmont (91.4%)
 Shorter (81.7%)
 Thomaston (50.1%)
 Triana (86.5%)
 Tuskegee (95.5%)
 Union (92.1%)
 Union Springs (74.4%)
 Uniontown (88.2%)
 Vredenburgh (89.0%)
 White Hall (98.0%)
 Yellow Bluff (92.8%)
 York (78.3%)

Arizona

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Randolph (87.9%)

Arkansas

Places with between 1,000 and 25,000 people
 Pine Bluff (65.9%)
 West Memphis (55.9%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Allport (94.5%)
 Altheimer (87.9%)
 Anthonyville (96.4%)
 Birdsong (70.7%)
 Bluff City (71.5%)
 Blytheville (56.0%)
 Bradley (52.4%)
 Carthage (82.8%)
 Chidester (62.4%)
 College Station (91.8%)
 Cotton Plant (74.1%)
 Dermott (73.3%)
 Dumas (60.0%)
 Earle (75.2%)
 Edmondson (71.2%)
 Elaine (58.2%)
 Eudora (84.5%)
 Forrest City (60.9%)
 Fredonia (Biscoe) (58.2%)
 Garland (69.9%)
 Gilmore (79.1%)
 Gould (78.0%)
 Grady (65.8%)
 Gum Springs (55.2%)
 Harrell (56.3%)
 Haynes (85.1%)
 Helena (67.9%)
 Hensley (64.7%)
 Holly Grove (72.6%)
 Hughes (67.8%)
 Jennette (87.9%)
 Jericho (92.9%)
 LaGrange (56.6%)
 Lake View (91.7%)
 Lake Village (56.2%)
 Luxora (56.0%)
 Madison (89.0%)
 Marianna (74.1%)
 Marvell (58.1%)
 McAlmont (70.5%)
 McNeil (58.3%)
 Menifee (84.6%)
 Mitchellville (98.2%)
 Montrose (71.9%)
 Osceola (51.0%)
 Parkdale (66.8%)
 Parkin (68.5%)
 Perla (63.5%)
 Reed (96.4%)
 Rondo (70.0%)
 Rosston (57.7%)
 Stamps (54.5%)
 Strong (53.6%)
 Sunset (91.1%)
 Sweet Home (74.0%)
 Tollette (98.5%)
 Turrell (78.8%)
 Twin Groves (72.1%)
 Wabbaseka (84.2%)
 Waldo (58.7%)
 Washington (61.5%)
 West Helena (65.7%)
 Widener (67.2%)
 Wilmar (71.8%)
 Wilmot (75.2%)
 Winchester (64.9%)
 Woodson (73.9%)
 Wrightsville (74.6%)

California

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Westmont (58.0%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people
 View Park-Windsor Hills (88.0%)
 Ladera Heights (1000, 70.07%)
 West Athens (65.1%)
 West Rancho Dominguez (61.9%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

Connecticut

Places with fewer than 25,000 people
 Bloomfield (54.0%)

Delaware

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Wilmington (2000, 55.80%)

District of Columbia

Places with over 100,000 people
Washington D.C. (2000, 59.45%)

Florida

Places with over 100,000 people
 Miami Gardens (76.3%)

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Lauderdale Lakes (67.74%)
 Lauderhill (58.77%)
 North Miami (58.9%)
 Pine Hills (67.6%)
 Riviera Beach (65.9%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Belle Glade (56.3%)
 Belle Glade Camp (69.6%)
 Boulevard Gardens (94.3%)
 Brownsville (74.7%)
 Campbellton (64.8%)
 Century (56.1%)
 Charleston Park (74.8%)
 Chattahoochee (51.5%)
 Cypress Quarters (58.0%)
 DeLand Southwest (69.6%)
 East Williston (80.4%)
 Eatonville (84.5%)
 El Portal (50.1%)
 Florida City (52.4%)
 Fort Pierce North (70.6%)
 Franklin Park (97.9%)
 Fremd Village-Padgett Island (92.1%)
 Gladeview (75.2%)
 Golden Glades (72.8%)
 Goulding (61.8%)
 Goulds (55.2%)
 Greenville (70.7%)
 Gretna (83.8%)
 Harlem (95.8%)
 Havana (53.6%)
 Homestead Base (55.4%)
 Ives Estates (50.0%)
 Jacob City (90.4%)
 Jasper (50.8%)
 Lake Park (55.0%)
 Lamont (58.4%)
 Limestone Creek (61.8%)
 Lloyd (52.1%)
 Madison (66.0%)
 Mangonia Park (83.1%)
 Midway, Gadsden County (86.0%)
 Midway, Seminole County (84.9%)
 Monticello (54.2%)
 Naranja (57.5%)
 Opa-locka (65.8%)
 Pahokee (56.1%)
 Pembroke Park (55.3%)
 Pinewood (75.3%)
 Progress Village (51.7%)
 Quincy (64.4%)
 Raleigh (55.2%)
 Richmond Heights (72.1%)
 Ridgecrest (67.9%)
 Roosevelt Gardens (96.5%)
 South Apopka (64.1%)
 South Bay (65.0%)
 Tangelo Park (83.7%)
 Tildenville (78.3%)
 Washington Park (94.9%)
 West Park (57.9%)
 West Perrine (62.7%)
 West Little River (57.2%)
 Westview (69.5%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

Georgia

Places with over 100,000 people
Atlanta (2000, 61.00%)
Columbus (54.7%)
Macon (67.34%)
Midville (2000, 66.74%)
Savannah (55.0%)

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Albany (71.6%)
 Candler-McAfee (95.2%)

 East Point (78.2%)
 Redan (91.3%)
 Stonecrest (92.6)
 Valdosta (51.1%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Abbeville (58.4%)
 Alamo (52.6%)
 Alapaha (62.8%)
 Americus (58.3%)
 Arlington (69.9%)
 Ashburn (65.2%)
 Baconton (59.8%)
 Bainbridge (50.3%)
 Bartow (59.6%)
 Belvedere Park (82.4%)
 Blakely (60.0%)
 Boston (67.6%)
 Bronwood (65.7%)
 Broxton (50.4%)
 Brunswick (59.8%)
 Buena Vista (63.4%)
 Byromville (51.6%)
 Cairo (51.3%)
 Camak (53.3%)
 Camilla (65.2%)
 Clarkston (55.7%)
 Coleman (61.7%)
 College Park (81.8%)
 Conley (52.9%)
 Cordele (65.0%)
 Crawfordville (57.0%)
 Culloden (70.9%)
 Cuthbert (74.2%)
 Damascus (63.5%)
 Danville (51.2%)
 Davisboro (61.3%)
 Dawson (77.3%)
 De Soto (65.9%)
 Donalsonville (58.7%)
 Dooling (66.9%)
 Dublin (51.4%)
 Eatonton (59.3%)
 Edison (67.7%)
 Experiment (52.6%)
 Flovilla (51.5%)
 Folkston (51.5%)
 Forsyth (57.6%)
 Fort Gaines (67.9%)
 Fort Valley (74.7%)
 Geneva (52.6%)
 Georgetown (Quitman County) (60.0%)
 Gordon (51.6%)
 Greensboro (62.0%)
 Greenville (73.2%)
 Gresham Park (95.6%)
 Harrison (79.4%)
 Helena (54.2%)
 Hilltop (87.8%)
 Hiltonia (69.8%)
 Ideal (66.2%)
 Irwinton (57.1%)
 Jeffersonville (62.4%)
 Junction City (60.3%)
 Keysville (62.2%)
 Lincoln Park (95.0%)
 Lithonia (79.6%)
 Louisville (65.9%)
 Lumber City (51.4%)
 Lumpkin (70.4%)
 Luthersville (51.9%)
 Manassas (59.0%)
 Marshallville (78.4%)
 McIntyre (57.5%)
 Meigs (66.8%)
 Midville (66.7%)
 Midway-Hardwick (72.6%)
 Millen (59.3%)
 Montezuma (69.8%)
 Monticello (53.5%)
 Morgan (66.5%)
 Morven (52.1%)
 Moultrie (50.2%)
 Newton (53.9%)
 Norwood (62.5%)
 Ocilla (59.4%)
 Oglethorpe (70.3%)
 Oliver (50.6%)
 Panthersville (96.3%)
 Pelham (56.1%)
 Phillipsburg (94.5%)
 Pineview (62.8%)
 Plains (59.8%)
 Quitman (66.4%)
 Reynolds (50.6%)
 Riceboro (88.7%)
 Richland (62.5%)
 Riverdale (67.4%)
 Rochelle (52.8%)
 Salem (96.8%)
 Sandersville (59.0%)
 Sardis (55.3%)
 Sharon (71.4%)
 Shellman (68.9%)
 Siloam (73.1%)
 Smithville (70.3%)
 Soperton (51.8%)
 Sparta (83.7%)
 Stone Mountain (69.2%)
 Sylvester (60.0%)
 Talbotton (77.8%)
 Tennille (56.9%)
 Thomasville (55.4%)
 Thomson (56.3%)
 Toomsboro (53.7%)
 Twin City (53.6%)
 Unadilla (62.1%)
 Union City (69.3%)
 Unionville (97.0%)
 Vienna (66.9%)
 Wadley (77.1%)
 Walthourville (55.1%)
 Warrenton (69.4%)
 Warwick (61.2%)
 Washington (60.8%)
 Waycross (53.5%)
 Waynesboro (62.6%)
 West Point (57.8%)
 Woodbury (56.5%)
 Woodland (77.8%)
 Woodville (69.5%)
 Wrens (65.2%)
 Wrightsville (53.5%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

Illinois

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Calumet City (52.9%)
 Dolton (82.4%)
 East St. Louis (97.7%)
 Harvey (2000, 79.11%)
 Maywood (82.7%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Alorton (97.1%)
 Baldwin (58.9%)
 Bellwood (81.6%)
 Broadview (73.1%)
 Brooklyn (98.7%)
 Burnham (54.2%)
 Cairo (61.7%)
 Calumet Park (82.9%)
 Centreville (95.8%)
 Country Club Hills (81.8%)
 Dixmoor (57.1%)
 Dolton (82.3%)
 Fairmont (53.6%)
 Ford Heights (95.9%)
 Hazel Crest (76.1%)
 Hopkins Park (92.3%)
 Markham (78.8%)
 Matteson (62.3%)
 Mounds (60.6%)
 Oak Grove (57.7%)
 Olympia Fields (52.1%)
 Phoenix (93.8%)
 Pulaski (70.8%)
 Richton Park (60.0%)
 Riverdale (86.3%)
 Robbins (95.3%)
 Royal Lakes (80.5%)
 South Holland (50.9%)
 Sun River Terrace (88.3%)
 University Park (83.3%)
 Venice (93.6%)
 Washington Park (91.9%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

Indiana

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Gary (84.8%)

Kentucky

Places with fewer than 25,000 people
 Newburg (58.1%)
 Poplar Hills (55.3%)

Louisiana

Places with over 100,000 people
 New Orleans (2000, 66.72%)
 Baton Rouge (50.2%)
 Shreveport (50.8%)

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Alexandria (54.8%)
 Monroe (61.1%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Amite City (51.8%)
 Arcadia (60.6%)
 Baker (52.4%)
 Baldwin (64.5%)
 Bastrop (64.5%)
 Belle Rose (59.8%)
 Bonita (2000, 55.52%)
 Boutte (64.1%)
 Boyce (74.4%)
 Brownfields (51.8%)
 Bunkie (50.3%)
 Campti (74.5%)
 Cheneyville (65.7%)
 Clarence (74.03%)
 Clayton (67.3%)
 Clinton (58.3%)
 Colfax (67.81%)
 Coushatta (65.4%)
 Cullen (84.9%)
 Delhi (56.8%)
 Donaldsonville (69.1%)
 East Hodge (95.1%)
 Edgard (94.8%)
 Epps (63.1%)
 Farmerville (63.5%)
 Fenton (52.4%)
 Ferriday (74.9%)
 Franklin (50.0%)
 Franklinton (51.9%)
 Gardere (70.9%)
 Garyville (2000, 52.04%)
 Gibsland (82.8%)
 Grambling (97.1%)
 Grand Coteau (67.7%)
 Hahnville (50.9%)
 Harrisonburg (54.8%)
 Homer (61.3%)
 Jackson (52.3%)
 Jeanerette (59.7%)
 Jonesville (59.2%)
 Kentwood (64.85%)
 Killona (91.7%)
 Lake Providence (79.5%)
 Lecompte (74.3%)
 Lucky (69.3%)
 Mansfield (64.3%)
 Mansura (60.3%)
 Maringouin (79.4%)
 Marion (54.1%)
 Merrydale (90.2%)
 Minden (52.2%)
 Monticello (63.8%)
 Napoleonville (69.8%)
 Natchez (91.9%)
 Natchitoches (53.0%)
 New Roads (59.3%)
 New Sarpy (51.6%)
 Newellton (64.7%)
 North Vacherie CDP (2000, 74.99%)
 Opelousas (69.1%)
 Palmetto (58.5%)
 Pioneer (52.6%)
 Port Allen (54.0%)
 Powhatan (78.7%)
 Rayville (67.3%)
 Reserve CDP (2000, 53.88%)
 Richwood (88.2%)
 Ringgold (55.3%)
 Roseland (65.0%)
 Sicily Island (54.5%)
 South Mansfield (73.9%)
 St. Gabriel (2000, 71.74%)
 St. Joseph (68.6%)
 St. Martinville (62.8%)
 Sunset (52.4%)
 Supreme (84.4%)
 Tallulah (74.8%)
 Tangipahoa (91.6%)
 Ville Platte (58.7%)
 Waggaman (54.4%)
 Wallace (93.9%)
 Washington (56.3%)
 Waterproof (87.4%)
 West Ferriday (57.6%)
 White Castle (76.8%)
 Wilson (79.8%)
 Winnsboro (58.5%)
 Woodmere CDP (2000, 65.05%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

Maryland

Places with over 100,000 people
 Baltimore (64.3%)
 Prince George's County (64.4%)

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people

 Chillum (62.7%)
 Clinton (73.7%)
 Lochearn (78.4%)
 Milford Mill (79.1%)
 Oxon Hill-Glassmanor (86.7%)
 Owings Mills (51%)
 Randallstown (72.1%)
 Suitland-Silver Hill (93.0%)
 Waldorf (53.4%)
 Woodlawn, Baltimore County (51.5%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Bladensburg (70.9%)
 Camp Springs (74.3%)
 Capitol Heights (92.9%)
 Carmody Hills-Pepper Mill Village (96.9%)
 Cheverly (56.8%)
 Coral Hills (93.7%)
 Cottage City (54.8%)
 District Heights (88.0%)
 Eagle Harbor (65.5%)
 Fairmount Heights (95.8%)
 Forest Heights (79.1%)
 Forestville (85.8%)
 Fort Washington (67.2%)
 Friendly (77.7%)
 Glenarden (95.8%)
 Goddard (53.3%)
 Greater Landover (92.0%)
 Greater Upper Marlboro (75.5%)
 Highland Beach (70.2%)
 Hillcrest Heights (93.2%)
 Jessup (67.7%)
 Kettering (90.6%)
 Lake Arbor (88.7%)
 Lanham-Seabrook (63.6%)
 Landover (92.0%)
 Landover Hills (64.2%)
 Largo (92.7%)
 Marlow Heights (88.5%)
 Marlton (55.5%)
 Mitchellville (78.5%)
 Morningside (51.3%)
 Mount Rainier (62.1%)
 New Carrollton (67.5%)
 North Brentwood (82.1%)
 Princess Anne (62.9%)
 Rosaryville (59.6%)
 Seat Pleasant (96.7%)
 Springdale (92.8%)
 Stockton (60.8%)
 Temple Hills (85.0%)
 Walker Mill (95.0%)
 Woodlawn, Prince George's County (72.3%)
 Woodmore (64.9%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

Michigan

Places with over 100,000 people
 Detroit (82.7%)
 Flint (53.3%)

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Southfield (54.22%)
 Inkster (2000, 67.30%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people
 Benton Harbor (92.4%)
 Benton Heights (65.6%)
 Benton Charter Township (51.9%)
 Buena Vista (69.3%)
 Buena Vista Charter Township (55.6%)
 Highland Park (93.4%)
 Muskegon Heights (77.77%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

Mississippi

Places with over 100,000 people
 Jackson (70.6%)

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Columbus (54.4%)
 Greenville (69.6%)
 Meridian (54.4%)
 Vicksburg (60.4%)
 Hattiesburg (52.8%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Aberdeen (60.2%)
 Alligator (77.3%)
 Anguilla (77.0%)
 Arcola (95.0%)
 Artesia (79.3%)
 Beauregard (53.6%)
 Belzoni (68.1%)
 Benoit (76.3%)
 Beulah (96.0%)
 Bolton (66.8%)
 Brookhaven (50.9%)
 Brooksville (79.6%)
 Bude (55.1%)
 Canton (80.3%)
 Cary (64.4%)
 Centreville (67.4%)
 Charleston (59.7%)
 Clarksdale (68.5%)
 Coahoma (98.2%)
 Coffeeville (54.5%)
 Coldwater (69.7%)
 Collins (52.4%)
 Como (71.8%)
 Crawford (93.1%)
 Crenshaw (71.5%)
 Crosby (71.9%)
 Crystal Springs (55.8%)
 Cruger (74.2%)
 De Kalb (50.3%)
 Derma (57.7%)
 Doddsville (67.6%)
 Drew (73.6%)
 Duck Hill (63.3%)
 Duncan (77.5%)
 Durant (70.2%)
 Edwards (78.9%)
 Falcon (99.7%)
 Fayette (97.4%)
 Forest (50.9%)
 Friars Point (93.9%)
 Glendora (92.3%)
 Gloster (55.0%)
 Goodman (65.8%)
 Greenville (75.9%)
 Greenwood (65.4%)
 Gunnison (86.7%)
 Hazlehurst (68.6%)
 Heidelberg (73.3%)
 Hickory (55.1%)
 Hollandale (83.2%)
 Holly Springs (76.2%)
 Indianola (73.4%)
 Inverness (59.4%)
 Isola (63.7%)
 Itta Bena (81.3%)
 Jonestown, Coahoma County (96.3%)
 Kilmichael (53.4%)
 Lake (55.2%)
 Lambert (82.8%)
 Laurel (55.0%)
 Leland (67.0%)
 Lexington (67.3%)
 Louise (54.3%)
 Louisville (52.5%)
 Lula (77.3%)
 Lumberton (53.6%)
 Maben (57.9%)
 McComb (58.4%)
 Macon (67.3%)
 Magnolia (53.8%)
 Marks (64.7%)
 Mayersville (88.1%)
 Merigold (56.9%)
 Metcalfe (97.6%)
 Moorhead (79.0%)
 Morgan City (83.3%)
 Moss Point (70.6%)
 Mound Bayou (98.4%)
 Mount Olive (52.0%)
 Natchez (54.5%)
 Newton (54.7%)
 North Tunica (94.9%)
 Oakland (75.9%)
 Okolona (59.6%)
 Pace (82.7%)
 Pickens (87.7%)
 Port Gibson (80.0%)
 Renova (96.0%)
 Rolling Fork (69.2%)
 Rosedale (82.0%)
 Roxie (58.9%)
 Ruleville (80.8%)
 Sardis (56.4%)
 Schlater (60.6%)
 Scooba (54.9%)
 Shannon (54.2%)
 Shaw (92.1%)
 Shelby (91.1%)
 Shubuta (73.9%)
 Shuqualak (69.6%)
 Sidon (83.3%)
 Silver City (78.3%)
 Sledge (76.0%)
 State Line (56.9%)
 Summit (66.2%)
 Sunflower (71.3%)
 Tchula (95.9%)
 Terry (50.5%)
 Tutwiler (87.3%)
 Utica (66.4%)
 Vaiden (71.1%)
 Verona (57.7%)
 Waynesboro (57.3%)
 Webb (61.3%)
 Weir (53.7%)
 West Point (56.2%)
 Winona (50.7%)
 Winstonville (97.8%)
 Woodville (74.6%)
 Yazoo City (69.7%)

Missouri

Places with over 100,000 people
 St. Louis (51.2%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Bel-Ridge (79.7%)
 Berkeley (76.7%)
 Beverly Hills (94.5%)
 Black Jack (71.3%)
 Castle Point (88.7%)
 Cool Valley (76.1%)
 Country Club Hills (81.0%)
 Dellwood (58.2%)
 Ferguson (52.4%)
 Flordell Hills (82.1%)
 Glen Echo Park (88.0%)
 Greendale (64.4%)
 Hanley Hills (76.7%)
 Hayti Heights (98.3%)
 Haywood City (95.0%)
 Hillsdale (95.4%)
 Homestown (89.0%)
 Howardville (92.4%)
 Jennings (78.6%)
 Kinloch (96.4%)
 Moline Acres (85.5%)
 Normandy (66.7%)
 Northwoods (92.7%)
 North Lilbourn (93.7%)
 Norwood Court (92.7%)
 Pagedale (92.1%)
 Pasadena Hills (67.4%)
 Pasadena Park (53.4%)
 Penermon (84.0%)
 Pine Lawn (95.7%)
 Pinhook (87.5%)
 Spanish Lake (54.8%)
 Riverview (69.9%)
 Uplands Park (97.4%)
 Velda City (96.0%)
 Velda Village Hills (98.3%)
 Vinita Park (61.7%)
 Vinita Terrace (73.6%)
 Wellston (92.1%)
 Wilson City (96.4%)

New Jersey

Places with over 100,000 people
 Newark (53.5%)

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Camden (53.4%)
 East Orange (89.5%)
 Irvington (81.7%)
 Orange (71.8%)
 Plainfield (61.3%)
 Trenton (52.1%)
 Willingboro Township (66.7%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people
 Asbury Park (67.1%)
 Chesilhurst (56.0%)
 Lawnside (93.6%)
 Pleasantville (57.7%)
 Roselle (2000, 50.15%)
 Salem (56.8%)
 Hillside (53.2%)

 No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
 No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

New York

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Hempstead (52.5%)
 Mount Vernon (59.6%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people
 Hillcrest (51.1%)
 Lakeview (85.0%)
 North Amityville (68.7%)
 Roosevelt (79.2%)
 South Floral Park (59.1%)
 Uniondale (55.5%)
 Wyandanch (77.7%)
 Gordon Heights (62.1%)
 Fairview, Westchester County (73.09%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

North Carolina

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Goldsboro (52.2%)
 Rocky Mount (61.3%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Ahoskie (58.9%)
 Ansonville (76.4%)
 Belhaven (60.7%)
 Bethel (58.1%)
 Bolton (63.8%)
 Bowmore (57.9%)
 Brogden (56.9%)
 Brunswick (55.0%)
 Chadbourn (53.5%)
 Cofield (80.7%)
 Columbia (52.3%)
 Conetoe (63.6%)
 East Arcadia (92.2%)
 East Spencer (85.8%)
 Edenton (55.2%)
 Elizabeth City (56.6%)
 Elm City (53.9%)
 Enfield (79.3%)
 Fair Bluff (59.3%)
 Fairmont (58.7%)
 Farmville (50.1%)
 Fountain (50.5%)
 Fremont (50.7%)
 Garysburg (96.1%)
 Green Level (2000, 73.41%)
 Hamilton (53.3%)
 Hassell (2000, 62.50%)
 Henderson (59.2%)
 Hobgood (52.2%)
 Kelford (65.3%)
 Kingstown (92.8%)
 Kinston (62.7%)
 Lewiston Woodville (66.7%)
 Light Oak (82.2%)
 Maxton (64.1%)
 Middleburg (63.6%)
 Morven (76.9%)
 Mount Olive (54.3%)
 Navassa (86.6%)
 Northwest (71.8%)
 Oxford (51.4%)
 Parmele (85.9%)
 Pinetops (57.2%)
 Plymouth (63.1%)
 Polkton (56.3%)
 Princeville (97.5%)
 Rich Square (55.9%)
 Robersonville (2000, 61.47%)
 Roper (75.2%)
 Rowland (68.0%)
 Scotland Neck (68.0%)
 Seaboard (71.2%)
 Sharpsburg (58.7%)
 Silver City (94.6%)
 South Weldon (84.5%)
 Spring Lake (51.1%)
 Wadesboro (56.4%)
 Washington (50.5%)
 Weldon (62.7%)
 Whitakers (58.3%)
 Williamston (57.5%)
 Windsor (53.0%)
 Winton (68.0%)

Ohio

Places with over 100,000 people
 Cleveland (51.0%)

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 East Cleveland (93.4%)
 Trotwood (58.3%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Bedford Heights (67.4%)
 Forest Park (56.3%)
 Fort McKinley (53.2%)
 Golf Manor (62.9%)
 Highland Hills (65.1%)
 Lincoln Heights (97.9%)
 Maplewood Park (58.3%)
 North Randall (71.7%)
 Oakwood (56.2%)
 Silverton (50.3%)
 Urbancrest (58.0%)
 Warrensville Heights (90.4%)
 Wilberforce (84.2%)
 Woodlawn (68.4%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census

Oklahoma

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Arcadia (55.6%)
 Boley (54.7%)
 Boynton (55.1%)
 Clearview (75.0%)
 Forest Park (72.1%)
 Fort Coffee (62.9%)
 Grayson (61.9%)
 Langston (93.3%)
 Meridian (Logan County) (83.3%)
 Redbird (87.6%)
 Rentiesville (64.7%)
 Spencer (51.8%)
 Summit (84.1%)
 Taft (85.4%)
 Tatums (78.5%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census

Pennsylvania

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Chester (75.7%)
 Harrisburg (54.8%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people
 Braddock (66.5%)
 Chester Township (73.3%)
 Collingdale (2000, 51.27%)
 Colwyn (52.1%)
 Darby (60.0%)
 Homestead (51.3%)
 Rankin (69.3%)
 South Coatesville (56.1%)
 Wilkinsburg (66.5%)
 Yeadon (80.8%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

South Carolina

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Allendale (80.0%)
 Andrews (60.8%)
 Atlantic Beach (82.1%)
 Awendaw (64.6%)
 Bamberg (53.6%)
 Bennettsville (63.2%)
 Bishopville (65.8%)
 Blackville (75.6%)
 Blenheim (54.7%)
 Bowman (68.9%)
 Brookdale (98.1%)
 Bucksport (96.6%)
 Calhoun Falls (52.7%)
 Carlisle (92.1%)
 Cheraw (52.2%)
 Chester (62.3%)
 Clarks Hill (85.6%)
 Clio (57.1%)
 Cokesbury (72.8%)
 Cope (58.9%)
 Cross Hill (55.6%)
 Darlington (56.0%)
 Denmark (85.9%)
 Dentsville (58.3%)
 Eastover (92.4%)
 Edgefield (59.9%)
 Edisto (69.6%)
 Ehrhardt (56.8%)
 Elko (58.5%)
 Estill (79.4%)
 Fairfax (73.5%)
 Furman (72.4%)
 Gantt (63.1%)
 Georgetown (57.0%)
 Gifford (92.7%)
 Gray Court (54.7%)
 Greeleyville (58.2%)
 Heath Springs (51.0%)
 Holly Hill (50.0%)
 Hollywood (68.8%)
 Johnston (62.6%)
 Judson (56.7%)
 Kingstree (64.7%)
 Kline (57.6%)
 Lake City (71.4%)
 Lancaster Mill (53.3%)
 Lane (90.4%)
 Lynchburg (73.6%)
 Manning (62.4%)
 Marion (66.2%)
 Mayesville (86.0%)
 McCormick (64.1%)
 Mount Carmel (89.9%)
 Mullins (61.6%)
 Orangeburg (67.5%)
 Pamplico (52.5%)
 Pinewood (56.4%)
 Promised Land (95.9%)
 Quinby (56.2%)
 Rembert (75.6%)
 Richburg (74.7%)
 Ridge Spring (63.9%)
 Ridgeville (58.7%)
 Rowesville (60.9%)
 St. Andrews (52.7%)
 St. Matthews (61.5%)
 St. Stephen (58.2%)
 Santee (70.7%)
 Scotia (73.6%)
 Scranton (56.1%)
 Sellers (85.6%)
 Shiloh (58.3%)
 Society Hill (54.0%)
 South Sumter (89.9%)
 Stuckey (79.5%)
 Summerton (57.2%)
 Timmonsville (77.3%)
 Vance (84.6%)
 Varnville (60.3%)
 Wagener (61.5%)
 Waterloo (56.2%)
 Wilkinson Heights (95.7%)
 Willington (82.5%)
 Winnsboro (58.5%)
 Woodford (50.5%)
 Yemassee (55.3%)

Tennessee

Places with over 100,000 people
 Memphis (61.4%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people
 Bolivar (56.4%)
 Brownsville (60.7%)
 Gallaway (59.0%)
 Gates (53.4%)
 Henning (74.9%)
 Mason (51.5%)
 Stanton (67.8%)
 Whiteville (60.9%)

Texas

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 DeSoto  (68.6%)
 Cedar Hill  (51.4%)
 Lancaster (68.7%)
 Fresno (59.7%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Ames (89.3%)
 Barrett (86.6%)
 Browndell (60.7%)
 Calvert (52.4%)
 Cuney (83.5%)
 Domino (63.5%)
 Easton (67.0%)
 Forest Hill (57.1%)
 Goodlow (95.1%)
 Kendleton (79.0%)
 Moore Station (98.9%)
 Neylandville (96.4%)
 Prairie View (93.5%)
 San Augustine (57.9%)
 Seven Oaks (58.0%)
 Scottsville (54.8%)
 Toco (76.4%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

Virginia

Places with over 100,000 people
 Portsmouth (50.6%)
 Richmond (57.2%)

Places with between 25,000 and 100,000 people
 Petersburg (79.0%)

Places with fewer than 25,000 people

 Dendron (51.2%)
 East Highland Park (79.4%)
 Emporia (56.2%)
 Ettrick (75.1%)
 Franklin (52.3%)
 Highland Springs (51.8%)
 Laurel Park (64.4%)
 Lawrenceville (64.6%)
 Nassawadox (54.9%)
 Rushmere (62.1%)
 Sandy Level (73.3%)
 Wakefield (51.3%)
 Waverly (61.8%)

No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

West Virginia

Places with fewer than 25,000 people
 Keystone
 Kimball
 Northfork

Counties

Alabama
Bullock County (2000, 72.44%)
Dallas County (2000, 62.98%)
Greene County (2000, 79.85%)
Hale County (2000, 58.62%)
Lowndes County (2000, 73.04%)
Macon County (2000, 84.21%)
Marengo County (2000, 51.38%)
Perry County (2000, 67.93%)
Sumter County (2000, 72.43%)
Wilcox County (2000, 71.48%)

Arkansas
Chicot County
Crittenden County
Jefferson County
Lee County
Phillips County
St. Francis County

Florida
Gadsden County (2000, 56.85%)

Georgia
Bibb County
Calhoun County
Clay County
Clayton County
DeKalb County
Dougherty County
Early County
Hancock County
Jefferson County (2000, 55.97%)
Macon County
Randolph County
Richmond County
Rockdale County
Sumter County
Talbot County
Taliaferro County
Terrell County
Warren County
Washington County

Louisiana
East Carroll Parish (2000, 66.84%)
Madison Parish (2000, 60.16%)
Orleans Parish (2000, 66.72%)
St. Helena Parish
Tensas Parish (2000, 55.03%)

Maryland
Prince George's County (2000, 62.17%)

Mississippi
Adams County
Bolivar County
Claiborne County
Clay County
Coahoma County
Copiah County
Hinds County
Holmes County
Humphreys County
Issaquena County
Jasper County
Jefferson County
Jefferson Davis County
Kemper County
Leflore County
Marshall County
Noxubee County
Pike County
Quitman County
Sharkey County
Sunflower County
Tallahatchie County
Tunica County
Washington County
Wilkinson County
Yazoo County

North Carolina
Bertie County
Edgecombe County
Halifax County
Hertford County
Northampton County
Warren County

South Carolina
Allendale County
Bamberg County
Clarendon County
Fairfield County
Hampton County
Jasper County (2000, 52.48%)
Lee County
Marion County
Marlboro County
McCormick County
Orangeburg County
Williamsburg County

Tennessee
Haywood County

Virginia
Brunswick County
Greensville County
Sussex County

 No longer African-American majority as of the 2010 Census
 No longer African-American majority as of the 2020 Census

See also
 List of U.S. cities with large African-American populations—over 30%, ranked by percentage
 List of African American neighborhoods
 Lists of U.S. cities with non-white majority populations
 List of U.S. counties with African American majority populations
 List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2010
 List of U.S. communities with Hispanic- or Latino-majority populations in the 2000 census
 List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population
 List of West Indian communities in the United States

References

African American
African American-related lists

List of U.S. communities with African-American majority populations in 2000


Antrasiklinler bir kemoterapik ajan sınıfıdır. Kanser tedavisinde kullanılan antrasiklinler, geniş bir yelpazede birçok farklı kanser türünün (lösemi, göğüs kanseri, rahim kanseri, akciğer kanseri vb.) tedavisinde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Mevcut antrasiklin ajanları sıralarsak:

 Daunorubisin
 Lipozomal daunorubisin
 Doksorubisin
 Lipozomal doksorubisin
 Epirubisin
 İdarubisin
 Mitoksantron

Teknik olarak antrasiklinler antibiyotiktir. Fakat yüksek düzeyde toksik oldukları için antibiyotik olarak (bakteriyel enfeksiyon tedavisi vb.) kullanılmazlar.

Mekanizma
Antrasiklinler DNA ve RNA sentezine müdahale ederler. DNA ve RNA sentezini inhibe etmeleri (engellemeleri) replikasyonu (ikileşme) önler ve böylece kanser hücrelerinin büyümesi durur. Ayrıca DNA, mRNA, protein ve lipidlere zarar veren oksijen serbest radikalleri, hidroksil radikalleri ve hidrojen peroksit radikalleri içeren oksijen partikülleri oluştururlar.

Kalp kası toksisitesi
Antrasiklinler birçok farklı faktöre bağlı olarak kalp kası toksisitesi (kardiyotoksisiste) oluşturabilirler. Bu faktörlere kalp dokusunda serbest radikallerin oluşmasını örnek olarak verebiliriz.

Kaynakça
 İngilizce Vikipedi Antrasiklin sayfası

Antrasiklin


An Eragrostis sericata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Thomas Arthur Cope. An Eragrostis sericata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eragrostis, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Mozambique. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eragrostis

Eragrostis sericata


An Astonia australiensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Aston, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs. An Astonia australiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Astonia, ngan familia nga Alismataceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Astonia

Astonia australiensis


هذه قائمة بأغلى الرسومات الفنية. والرسومات الفنية الغالية الثمن، إن بيعت، فتباع عادة عن طريق المزاد.

و الرسومات الفنية المشهورة عالميا، وخاصة الأعمال المؤرخة ما قبل 1800، مملوكة عادة للمتاحف، والتي نادرا ما تقوم ببيعها، وبمعنى آخر لا تقدر بثمن. وتقدر موسوعة غينيس للأرقام القياسية لوحة الموناليزا بأعلى قيمة تأمين للوحة فنية في العالم. وقد تم تأمينها بمبلغ 100 مليون دولار أمريكي وذلك في 14 ديسمبر، 1962. لكن متحف اللوفر اختار أن يصرف المبالغ المخصصة للتأمين على الحراسة والأمن بدلا من ذلك. وعند تقدير نسبة التضخم منذ عام 1962، فإن اللوحة كانت تقدر قيمتها بحوالى 670 مليون دولار في سنة 2006.

قائمة أعلى الأسعار المسجلة في المزاد أو بيع مباشر (بعد حساب التضخم)
هذه القائمة مرتبة حسب مؤشر أسعار المستهلك inflation-adjusted value بملايين الدولارات الأمريكية في عام 2008. وعند الحاجة، يتم أولا تحويل السعر إلى دولارات باستعمال سعر الصرف في وقت بيع اللوحة.

المراجع

وصلات خارجية

 أغلى الرسومات الفنية
 أغلى 100 رسمة فنية (بالفرنسية)

قوائم لوحات
قوائم أعمال في الفن
قوائم أغلى الأشياء
قوائم متعلقة بالثقافة
قوائم موضوعات فنون مرئية
لوحات فنية
قوائم متعلقة بمزاد

قائمة أغلى الرسومات الفنية


Amasya Protokolü veya Amasya Görüşmeleri, İstanbul Hükümeti ile Heyet-i Temsiliye arasında 22 Ekim 1919'da yapılan protokoldür.

Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Rauf Orbay ve Bekir Sami Beylerle birlikte 18 Ekim 1919'da Amasya'ya gelerek Salih Paşa ile 20 Ekim'de görüşmelere başladılar ve Sivas Kongresi'nce kabul edilen esaslar üzerinde görüşmeler başladı.

Görüşülen maddeler
Sivas Kongresi'nce kabul edilmiş bulunan esaslar üzerinde görüşmeler 22 Ekim'e kadar sürdü ve taraflar şu esaslar üzerinde anlaştılar:

 Türk illerinin düşmana şu veya bu suretle terk olunmaması, hiçbir himaye ve manda kabul edilmemesi, Türk vatanının bütünlüğünün ve bağımsızlığının korunması
 Müslüman olmayan topluluklara Türk memleketlerinin siyasi egemenlik ve sosyal dengesini bozacak biçimde ayrıcalıklar verilmemesi.
 Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti'nin hukuki bir kurul olmak üzere İstanbul Hükûmeti tarafından tanınması.
 İtilaf Devletleri ile Osmanlı Devleti arasında barışın kurulması için toplanacak konferansa Heyet-i Temsiliye tarafından da uygun görülen kimselerin gönderilmesi
 Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebûsan'nın İstanbul'da toplanmasının güvenlik bakımından uygun olmadığı.
Son madde, yani meclisin İstanbul dışında toplanacağı hükmü, anayasaya aykırı olacağı gerekçesiyle İstanbul Hükûmeti tarafından kabul edilmedi. Mustafa Kemal Paşa da ısrar etmedi. Amasya'da varılan anlaşma ile İstanbul Hükûmeti Temsil Heyeti'ni resmen tanımış oluyordu.

Sonuç ve Önemi

 Osmanlı yönetimi İstanbul'da toplanması şartıyla Mebusan Meclisi'nin açılmasını kabul etti.
 Temsil Kurulu rızasını almadan barış görüşmesine gitmeme kararını reddetti.
 İstanbul Hükümeti, Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti'ni ve Temsil kurulunu tanıdı.
 Anadolu hareketi İstanbul hükûmetine karşı siyasal bir başarı kazandı.
 İstanbul Hükûmeti, Atatürk'ün deyimiyle Anadolu'ya tabi olmak zorunda kaldı.
 İstanbul Hükûmeti Temsil Heyetini tanımak istemedi.

Kaynakça

Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı kongreleri
Protokol
1919'da Türkiye
31

Amasya Protokolü


Neville Lederle (Theunissen, Slobodna Država Oranje, 25. rujna 1938.) je bivši južnoafrički vozač automobilističkih utrka.

Rezultati u Formuli 1

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Južnoafrički vozači Formule 1

Neville Lederle


The Battle of Parwan was fought between Sultan Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu of the Khwarezmid Empire and the Mongols ruled by Genghis Khan in September 1221 CE at Parwan, north of Kabul, in present-day Afghanistan. Jalal ad-Din had previously attacked a detachment of Mongols near Wilan, which provoked Genghis Khan into sending an army of 30,000 troops under Shigi Qutuqu. As a result of the tactics adopted by Jalal ad-Din, the Mongol army was destroyed in a two-day battle. As news of the Mongol defeat spread, several cities, including Merv and Herat, which had previously surrendered and accepted Mongol rule, rebelled. In response, Genghis Khan moved to battle Jalal ad-Din, who had lost half of his troops to desertion due to a quarrel over the division of spoils after the battle, and was forced to move to Ghazni to prepare to retreat to India. Genghis Khan intercepted Jalal ad-Din's army as he was preparing to cross the Indus River, and in the ensuing battle he lost his army, treasury and family, but survived to eventually establish a power base in Punjab and Sindh.

Background

Genghis Khan invaded the Khrarezmian Empire to avenge the murder of a Mongol trade caravan by the government of Otrar and the subsequent refusal of Shah Ala ad-Din Muhammad II to bring the governor of Otrar to task for his crime. Genghis Khan commanded a skilled, disciplined, combat-proven army of 150,000 to 200,000 soldiers, mostly Mongols and other allied tribes who were well-drilled in their method of warfare. The army also included a corps of Chinese siege engineers. Genghis Khan was a charismatic, inelegant and experienced leader, his sons Jochi, Chagatai, Ogedei and Tolui were competent generals, and he was also served by brilliant generals like Jebe and Subutai, adept in employing flexible and innovative tactics.

Shah Muhammad II may have been able to mobilize a mercenary army numbering 200,000 to 400,000 men, but his Turkish soldiers were undisciplined, and unity was lacking between the Turks, Iranians, Arabs and Afghans in the army. The mistrust that the Shah had for his Qanqli Turk troops and commanders meant he could only offer battle under favorable conditions with superior numbers. He adopted a defence in depth strategy based on fortified cities, and stationed garrisons of veteran soldiers at various cities including Otrar, Bukhara, Benekat and Samarkand, trusting to the Mongol inexperience with siegecraft and their unfamiliarity with the terrain to delay their progress and give him the chance to offer battle at his own initiative. He planned to raise a new army beyond the Amu Darya near Kelif and then strike the Mongols in Transoxania, or defend the Amu Darya barrier by preventing the Mongols from crossing the river, and if needed retreat to Ghazni and then to India.

Genghis Khan invested Otrar with his entire field army in September 1219. After some time, he divided his army, sending a detachment under his eldest son Jochi down the Syr Darya, and another division to march on Banakat. Leaving Chagatai and Ogedei to maintain the siege of Otrar, Genghis Khan and Tolui crossed the Kyzylkum Desert to attack Bukhara, which fell in February 1220, and Samarkand, which was taken in March 1220. Banakat was also occupied, Otrar fell in April 1220, and the Mongol armies from Banakat and Otrar joined Genghis Khan near Nasaf, where they spent the summer of 1220 resting the army and the horses. Jochi had taken all the towns along Syr Darya, including Sighnaq and Jend, by April 1220, then camped on the Kipchak steppes. Several Mongol armies invaded Tocharistan, Guzgan and Gharchistan during the last eight months of 1220, collecting a rich plunder in cattle and slaves. Genghis Khan sent a 30,000–40,000 man army led by Jebe and Subutai and his own son-in-law Toghachar to hunt down the Shah.

The rapid fall of Transoxania further unnerved Shah Muhammad II, who began to retreat west along with Jalal al-Din. He had halted for a while at Nishapur, but when the Mongol army under Jebe and Subutai crossed the Amu Darya, the Shah moved across Persia, then eluded the Mongols by pretending to make for Baghdad, and eventually found refuge on an island in the Caspian Sea, where he died in December 1220, naming Jalal ad-Din his heir. The Mongol army sacked several cities, including Zaveh, Quchan, Tus, Qazvin and Ardabil, and then wintered in the Mughan steppes.

Jalal al-Din needed an army to confront the Mongols. The Sultan went to Gurganj, a city reportedly housing 90,000 troops, but the city officials preferred his brother Uzlaq Shah as the Sultan. After discovering a plot against his life, the Sultan with 300 cavalry crossed the Karakum Desert in 16 days and defeated a Mongol detachment near Nisa to reach Nishapur. Jalal al-Din intended to raise an army at Nishapur, but abandoned the city when Mongols arrived unexpectedly. The Mongols chased the Sultan across Khuistan, but Jalal al-Din managed to elude his enemies to reach Bost. Here, an army of 10,000 Turks commanded by his maternal uncle Amin Malik joined him, and the Sultan reached Ghazni after driving off a Mongol army from Qanhahar after a three-day battle.

Prelude
Jalal al-Din spent the summer of 1221 in Ghazni where thousands of people from all over Afghanistan joined his ranks to defend their homelands after hearing the fate of Bamiyan. Jalal al-Din, assembling a coalition of Afghan and Turkic warriors. From there, he went first to Valiyan, which was under siege by the Mongols, defeated their two armies under the leaderships of Tekejik and Molger, and took Valiyan back. Jalal ad-Din advanced into Parwan and defeated the Mongol detachment near Parwan. A week later, Genghis Khan sent his chief justice Shigi Qutuqu to hunt down Jalal al-Din, but only gave the inexperienced general 30,000–50,000 troops.

Medieval scholarship differed on the strength of the Mongol army. Ata Malik Juvayni reported Shigi Qutuqu's strengths as 30,000, Juzjani reported it as 45,000, and Ibn Abd Allah al-Umari reported it as 70,000. Juzjani, Nasawi, Juvayni, Ibn al-Athir and Handmir all report the Khwarezmian strength as 60,000.

However, modern scholarship differs on the strength of both armies. The lowest estimate for Jalal al-Din's strength is 30,000, while the highest is 120,000. In The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History, Richard and Trevor Dupuy give Jalal al-Din's force as 120,000. Tucker similarly gives Jalal al-Din's strength as 120,000.

Estimates for Shigi Qutuqu's strength range between 30,000 and 70,000. Mclynn Frank estimates the Mongol forces were around 45,000–50,000, whereas he estimates Jalal al-Din had 60,000–70,000; he further adds that while the numbers are exaggerated, the proportion of Jalal al Din's army's numerical superiority is probably accurate. On the other hand, Carl Sverdrup assesses that Jalal al-Din probably had 15,000 men in total whereas Shigi Qutuqu commanded as many as 10,000 men. The larger Khwarezmian army was ill-equipped and consisted mostly of infantry, whereas Shigi Qutuqu's entire army was well-equipped cavalry.

Battle
Shigi Qutuqu was overconfident after the continuous Mongol successes, and he quickly found himself on the back foot against the more numerous Khwarezmian force. The battle took place in a narrow valley, which was unsuitable for the Mongol cavalry.

Jalal al-Din had mounted archers, whom he ordered to dismount and fire on the Mongols. Jalal al-Din gave Saif al-Din Ighraq command of the left flank and Malik Khan the right flank, consisting of 10,000 soldiers. On the first day of the battle, Malik Khan's division pushed the Mongol left into their base. Because of the narrow terrain, the Mongols could not use their normal tactics. On the second day of the battle, to deceive the Khwarezmians, Shigi Qutuqu mounted straw warriors on spare remounts, which may have spared him from a killing stroke, but Jalal al-Din was not fooled by the ruse. On the third day, the Mongol right flank charged on Ighraq's division, and Ighraq's division responded by shooting arrows on foot to which the Mongols feigned flight. Ighraq's men charged, but 500 were killed when the Mongols suddenly counter-attacked. Seeing this, Jalal al-Din personally attacked the Mongols and forced them to flight. Large numbers of the Mongols were captured alive, and the Khwarezmians killed them by nailing stakes into their ears. Shigi Qutuqu was driven off in defeat, losing over half his army.

Aftermath and legacy
According to Ibn Al-Athir's account, after the battle of Parwan was won, Jalal al-Din sent a message to Genghis Khan, stating:

In the evening of the day the battle ended, a dispute over the division of the spoils, specifically a Mongolian white horse, led to the desertion of the Afghan contingent. Amin Malik, leader of the Turks and the Sultan's father-in-law, struck Saif al-Din Ighraq, leader of the Afghans, with a whip. Sultan Jalal ad-Din refused to discipline Amin Malik, and Ighraq reproached the Sultan, and he along with the Khalaj, Afghan, and some of the Qanqli troops deserted after nightfall.

Jalal ad-Din left Parwan for the Punjab with only 30,000 men after the Afghans abandoned him. When Genghis Khan heard the news of the defeats, he made forced marches to catch Jalal al-Din before he escaped into India. Genghis marched with Shigi Qutugu and instructed him on where he had gone wrong on the battleground. The Shah attempted to cross the Indus River to the area north of the present city of Kalabagh, Pakistan. However, the Mongols caught up with him on the banks of the Indus and defeated him, in what is now referred to as the Battle of the Indus.

The Battle of Parwan is considered a significant battle, as it is considered the resurrection of the Khwarezmians and the first serious defeat of the Mongols against the Khwarezmians. Medieval contemporary Muslim accounts all hailed this victory. According to Rashid al-Din Hamadani's account, Genghis Khan personally visited the battlefield and the fallen Mongol soldiers, and addressing Shigi Qutuqu, said:

The Khwarezmians started an insurgency after the news of Shigi Qutuqu's defeat at the battle of Parwan spread throughout the empire. Inspired by Jalal al-Din's back-to-back victories against the Mongol army, Kush Tegin Pahlawan led an insurgency in Merv and seized it successfully, followed by a successful attack on Bukhara. People in Herat also rebelled and disposed the Mongol vassal leadership. An insurgency leader named Muhammad the Marghani twice attacked Genghis Khan's camp at Baghlan and returned with loot. As a response, Genghis Khan sent a large army under the leadership of Oghedei Khan back to Ghazni. The Battle of Parwan had grave repercussions in Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Iran since the illusion of Mongol invincibility had been broken. Cities that had peacefully surrendered rose up in arms, which forced Genghis and his son Tolui to spend extra months subduing the revolts. Genghis Khan appointed Yelü Ahai to restore Mongol sovereignty in Samarqand and Bukhara; he managed to restore order in the cities only in 1223.

Notes

References

Sources

1221 in the Mongol Empire
Parwan
Parwan
Parwan
Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire

Battle of Parwan


Simpsonville Baptist Church er en historisk kirke på 106 Church Street i Simpsonville, South Carolina. Kirken var bygget i 1913 og tilføjet til National Register of Historic Places i 1992.

Kilder

Kirker
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i South Carolina

Simpsonville Baptist Church


Die Schuhfabrik Rollmann & Mayer war ein Unternehmen zur Fabrikation von Schuhen in Köln.

Geschichte
Das Unternehmen wurde am 1. Januar 1873 in Köln von Emil Rollmann zusammen mit seinem Geschäftspartner David Mayer zunächst als Großhandelsunternehmen für Schuhe gegründet. 1882 wurde mit 20 Mitarbeitern auch die Herstellung von Schuhen aufgenommen. Das Unternehmen war ab 1894 auf dem Grundstück  in Köln-Nippes ansässig, wegen des stetigen Wachstums wurde schon wenige Jahre später ein größerer Neubau notwendig. 1911 wurde in Köln-Niehl ein moderner Fabrikbau an der  mit rund 10.000 Quadratmeter Fläche errichtet. Mit dem Ausscheiden des Partners David Mayer aus Altersgründen im Jahr 1911 und dem Rückzug von Emil Rollmann führte dessen Sohn Hans Rollmann das gutgehende Unternehmen alleine weiter.

1921 gründete Hans Rollmann zusammen mit zwei Partnern als weitere Schuhfabrik das Unternehmen Romika in Gusterath-Tal. In Köln-Niehl war die Fabrik im Jahr 1923 mit 850 Beschäftigten der größte Arbeitgeber vor Ort, später waren über 1000 Mitarbeiter beschäftigt. Da die Familie Rollmann jüdisch war, wurde sie von den Nationalsozialisten verfolgt. Nach ihrer Vertreibung aus Deutschland wurde die Fabrik stillgelegt und von den Nationalsozialisten verwertet.

Rezeption
Anlässlich der Sprengung der Ruine berichtete die Kölnische Rundschau am 10. Januar 1976: "Hier war früher die Schuhfabrik Rollmann & Mayer beheimatet. Während der Hitlerzeit wurde die Fabrik geschlossen, weil die Familie Rollmann dem jüdischen Glauben angehörte. Später eröffnete in dem Gebäude die Familie Neubeck einen Woll- und Strickgarnbetrieb unter dem Namen 'Rheinlandwolle'. Als der Betrieb wegen Unrentabilität geschlossen wurde, bezogen zahlreiche bekannte Kölner Industrie- und Handwerksbetriebe sowie die Post mit zwei Dienststellen die Fabrik. Nach wechselvoller Geschichte hat das Gebäude nun ausgedient."

Literatur
 Der Industriebau, 8. Jahrgang 1917, Heft 2, S. 17–28.
 Der Schuhmarkt, 22. Jahrgang 1923.
 Schuhfabrikanten-Zeitung, 14. Jahrgang 1933, Heft 1 (vom 4. Januar 1933), S. 4.
 Heinz Ganz-Ohlig: Romika. Eine jüdische Fabrik. Die Schuhfabrik in Gusterath-Tal sowie Rollmann & Mayer in Köln. 2., erweiterte und überarbeitete Auflage, Paulinus-Verlag, Trier 2021, ISBN 978-3-7902-1905-0.

Einzelnachweise

Schuhhandelsunternehmen
Schuhhersteller
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Köln)
Niehl (Köln)
Gegründet 1873

Schuhfabrik Rollmann & Mayer


John Patrick Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute,  (12 September 1847 – 9 October 1900) was a Scottish landed aristocrat, industrial magnate, antiquarian, scholar, philanthropist, and architectural patron.

When Bute succeeded to the marquisate at the age of just six months, his vast inheritance reportedly made him the richest man in the world.  His conversion to Catholicism from the Church of Scotland at the age of 21 scandalised Victorian society and led Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli to use the Marquess as the basis for the eponymous hero of his novel Lothair, published in 1870. Marrying into one of Britain's most illustrious Catholic families, that of the Duke of Norfolk, Bute became one of the leaders of the British Catholic community.  His expenditure on building and restoration made him the foremost architectural patron of the 19th century.

Lord Bute died in 1900, at the age of 53; his heart was buried on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. He was a Knight Grand Cross of the Holy Sepulchre, Knight of the Order of St. Gregory the Great and Hereditary Keeper of Rothesay Castle.

Early life

The future Marquess was born at the family seat of Mount Stuart, on the Isle of Bute in Scotland, to John, 2nd Marquess of Bute, and Lady Sophia Rawdon-Hastings, daughter of The 1st Marquess of Hastings. At birth, he was known by the courtesy title Earl of Dumfries.

The 2nd Marquess was an industrialist and began, at great financial risk, the development of Cardiff as a port to export the mineral wealth of the South Wales Valleys. Accumulating major debts and mortgages on his estates, the Marquess rightly foresaw the potential of Cardiff, telling his concerned solicitor in 1844, "I am willing to think well of my income in the distance." The following fifty years saw his faith vindicated, but the ensuing riches were to be enjoyed, and spent, by his son, "the richest man in the world", rather than himself.

The 2nd Marquess died in 1848 and his son succeeded to the Marquessate when less than six months old. He was educated at Harrow School, and matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford in 1865. His mother died when he was 12. Bute had been attracted to the Roman Catholic Church since childhood, and the efforts of his guardians to weaken this attraction only added to it. He was never a member of the Church of England, despite efforts by Henry Parry Liddon to attract him to it. Bute's letters to one of his very few intimate friends during his Oxford career show with what conscientious care he worked out the religious question for himself. On 8 December 1868, he was received into the Church by Monsignor Capel at a convent in Southwark, and a little later was confirmed by Pius IX in Rome, resulting in a public scandal. His conversion was the inspiration for Benjamin Disraeli's novel, Lothair.

Interests

The Marquess's vast range of interests, which included religion, medievalism, the occult, architecture, travelling, linguistics, and philanthropy, filled his relatively short life. A prolific writer, bibliophile and traveller, as well as, somewhat reluctantly, a businessman, his energies were on a monumentally Victorian scale. "A liturgist and ecclesiologist of real distinction", he published on a wide range of topics. But at a distance, just over one hundred years from his death, it is his architectural patronage as "the greatest builder of country houses in nineteenth-century Britain" that creates his lasting memorial.

In 1865, the Marquess met William Burges and the two embarked on an architectural partnership, the results of which long outlasted Burges' own death in 1881. Bute's desires and money allied with Burges' fantastical imagination and skill led to the creation of two of the finest examples of the late Victorian era Gothic Revival, Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch. The two buildings represent both the potential of colossal industrial wealth and the desire to escape the scene of that wealth's creation. The theme recurs again and again in the huge outpouring of Bute's patronage, in chapels, castle, abbeys, universities and palaces. Bute's later buildings are hardly less remarkable than his collaborations with Burges. Robert Rowand Anderson rebuilt the Georgian Mount Stuart House for him, and Bute worked in collaboration with many of Burges's colleagues, including William Frame and Horatio Walter Lonsdale, on the interiors. John Kinross was Bute's architect for the sympathetic and creative reworking of the partially ruined Falkland Palace. Kinross also restored Greyfriars in Elgin for Bute.

As a burgess of Cardiff, the Marquess accepted the invitation to be mayor of Cardiff for the municipal year from November 1890.

Patronage

The Marquess's patronage was extensive, with a particular enthusiasm for buildings of religion and academia. Whilst Rector of the University of St Andrews, he provided the university with a new home for its Medical School and endowed the Bute Chair of Medicine.  A supporter of education for women, he also paid for St Andrews University's first female lecturer, who taught anatomy to women medical students when Professor James Bell Pettigrew refused to do so.  At the University of Glasgow, he gifted the funds required to complete the university's huge central hall, named the Bute Hall in his honour, and he is commemorated both at the university's Commemoration Day and on its Memorial Gates. He was made the Honorary President () of the Highland Society of the University of Edinburgh.

Between 1868 and 1886 he financed the rebuilding of St Margaret's Parish Church, Roath, Cardiff, creating a new mausoleum for the Bute family with sarcophagi in red marble.

In 1866 he donated a site in Cardiff Docks for the Hamadryad Hospital Ship for sick seafarers and, on his death in 1900, bequeathed £20,000 towards the cost of a new bricks-and-mortar hospital, which became the Royal Hamadryad.

The Marquess of Bute's Case
The Marquess was involved in a notable company law case, known as "the Marquess of Bute's Case", reported on appeal in 1892, called Re Cardiff Savings Bank [1892] 2 Ch 100. The Marquess had been appointed to the board of directors of the Cardiff Savings Bank as "President", at the age of six months, in effect inheriting the office from his father. He attended only one board meeting in the next 38 years. When the bank became insolvent following a fellow director's fraudulent dealing, Stirling J held that the Marquess was not liable as he knew nothing of what was going on. It was not suggested that he ought to have known what was going on or that he had a duty of care to inform himself as to the affairs of the bank. The case set a famous legal precedent, now superseded, for the minimal view of the duties of company directors. It was naturally a considerable embarrassment for the Marquess although he escaped legal blame.

Family life
John, 3rd Marquess of Bute, married Gwendolen Fitzalan-Howard (daughter of The 1st Baron Howard of Glossop and granddaughter of The 13th Duke of Norfolk) in 1872 and had four children:

Lady Margaret Crichton-Stuart (24 December 1875 – 6 June 1954)
John, 4th Marquess of Bute (20 June 1881 – 16 May 1947)
Lord Ninian Edward Crichton-Stuart (15 May 1883 – 2 October 1915)
Lord Colum Edmund Crichton-Stuart (3 April 1886 – 18 August 1957)

Works
 via Project Gutenberg
 via The Internet Archive

Death
Lord Bute died on 9 October 1900 after a protracted illness (Bright's disease), his first stroke having occurred in 1896, and was buried in a small chapel on the Isle of Bute, his ancestral home.  His heart was buried on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem.

In his will he left £100,000 to each of his children, with the exception of his eldest son, who inherited the Bute estates including Cardiff Castle and the family seat, Mount Stuart House on the Isle of Bute, and Dumfries House in Ayrshire.

Notes

References

External links

Catholic Encyclopedia article

1847 births
1900 deaths
People from the Isle of Bute
Anglo-Scots
Lord-Lieutenants of Buteshire
3
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Knights of the Thistle
Knights of St. Gregory the Great
Rectors of the University of St Andrews
History of Cardiff
Scottish Roman Catholics
Mayors of Cardiff
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Presbyterianism
Ecclesiologists
People of Falkland Palace

John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute


Rau es una localidad de la India en el distrito de Indore, estado de Madhya Pradesh.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 584  a 210 km de la capital estatal, Bhopal, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2010 contaba con una población de 30 440 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Madhya Pradesh

Rau


Ivan od Charolaisa (fra. Jean de Charolais; 1283. — 1322.) bio je francuski plemić, lord (seigneur) ili barun Charolaisa i Saint-Justa koji se borio u ratovima u Flandriji. Znan je i kao Ivan od Clermonta (fra. Jean de Clermont).

Bio je sin princa Roberta Francuskog (sin kralja Luja IX. Svetog), koji je bio i grof Clermonta; Ivanova je majka bila dama Beatrica Burbonska, a stariji brat Luj I. Burbonski. Ivan je bio rođak kralja Filipa IV. Lijepog. Oko 1309. Ivan se oženio gospom Ivanom od Dargiesa i Catheuxa, koja je bila kći Renauda II. od Dargiesa i Catheuxa i njegove supruge, Agneze od Bruyèresa. Ivan i Ivana bili su roditelji kćeri Beatrice i Ivane (pokopana u Boulogne-sur-Meru), žene grofa Ivana I. od Auvergnea.

Pokopan je u Lyonu, ali su njegove kosti kasnije prenijete u Pariz.

Izvori i bilješke

Francusko plemstvo

Ivan od Charolaisa


Das Restaurante de Montes Claros ist ein Ausflugslokal in der portugiesischen Hauptstadt Lissabon.

Geschichte
Das Restaurant wurde ursprünglich als Teehaus am Miradouro de Montes Claros in den Hügeln der Parkanlage Monsanto errichtet und 1949 zu einem Restaurant umgebaut. Architekt war Francisco Keil do Amaral unter Mitarbeit der Architekten Alberto José Pessoa und Hernâni Gandra. Die Fliesenpaneele an der Stirnseite des zentralen Speisesaals im ersten Stock wurden von der Malerin Maria Keil geschaffen.

Das zweistöckige Gebäude umfasst eine Gesamtfläche von 1300 m². Vorgelagert ist eine Terrasse mit 278 m². Es ist in das Inventário Municipal de Património aufgenommen.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Gastronomiebetrieb (Portugal)
Bauwerk in Ajuda (Lissabon)
Imóvel de Interesse Municipal
Restaurant
Unternehmen (Lissabon)
Kulturdenkmal in Lissabon

Restaurante de Montes Claros


Stephan Blum (d. 1970, Calw, Almanya) doğumlu Alman arkeolog. Tübingen Üniversitesi'nde tarihöncesi arkeolojisi, klasik arkeoloji ve eskiçağ tarihi ana bilimdallarında lisans öğrenimini tamamladıktan sonra 1997 yılından itibaren Troia Projesi'nde çalışmaya başlamıştır. Yüksek lisans tezi Çanakkale ili, Ezine ilçesi sınırları içinde yer alan ve terk edilmiş bir yerleşim olan Işıklar Köyü üzerine yapılmış etnoarkeolojik bir araştırmadır. Kendisi halen Troia IV-V yerleşimleri üzerine bir doktora tezi hazırlamakta ve Troas bölgesinde etnoarkeolojik çalışmalar sürdürmektedir.

Bazı Yayınları

2002 "Vom Hausfleiß der Troianer", Rüstem Aslan et.al. (Eds.) Mauerschau- Festschrift für Manfred Korfmann, BAG Verlag.

2002 "Troia'da Biten Erken ve Başlayan Orta Tunç Çağı: Troia IV ve Troia V "– "The End of the Early and the Beginning of the Middle Bronze Age at Troia: Troia IV and Troia V" In: T. C. Kültür Bakanlığı, Anıtlar ve Müzeler Müdürlüğü/Yapı Kredi, Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık (Ed), Troya: Efsane ile Gerçek Arası Bir Kente Yolculuk – Troy: Journey to a City Between Legend and Reality. Katalog zur Ausstellung »Troya: Efsane ile Gerçek Arası Bir Kente Yolculuk – Troy: Journey to a City Between Legend and Reality« in Istanbul 3. Oktober 2002–5. Januar 2003 (Istanbul 2002) 74–83.

2003 Işıklar: Ethnoarchäologische Untersuchungen zur Formation und Transformation archäologischer Siedlungskontexte, Studies in Ethnoarchaeology, Vol. 1, Verlag Bernhard Albert Greiner, Remshalden.

2004 "Ethoarchäologische Untersuchungen zum funktionalen und strukturellen Wandel dörflicher Architektur: Die "Eski Cami" von Zeytinli" Studia Troica XI (Rüstem Aslan ve Susanne Bocher ile birlikte)

2004 "Alacalıgöl: eine neuentdeckte Siedlung des 5.Jahrtausends v. Chr. in der Troas" Studia Troica XI (Utta Gabriel, Rüstem Aslan ile birlikte)

2005 "Holzkohlegewinnung und Köhlereibetrieb in der Troas, Nordwesttürkei" Studia Troica XV(Volker Höhfeld ve Rüstem Aslan ile birlikte)

2005 "Konzepte der Auflassung und Abfallentsorgung in Işıklar, Nordwesttürkei" In: Turan Takaoğlu (Ed.), Ethnoarchaeological Investigation in Rural Anatolia 2 (Istanbul 2005) 75–112. Ege Yayınları, Istanbul.

2006 "Troia an der Wende von der frühen zur mittleren Bronzezeit – Troia IV und Troia V" Troia - Archäologie eines Siedlungshügels und seiner Landschaft, Philipp von Zabern.

2006 "Demir Troia" ArkeoATLAS 5, 2006, 146–149 (Rüstem Aslan ile birlikte)

2007 Luftbilder antiker Landschaften und Stätten der Türkei Philipp von Zabern(Rüstem Aslan ve Frank Schweizer ile birlikte).

2007 "Historisch-landeskundliche Gebiets- und Exkursionskarte 1:50 000 >Troia, Stadt und Landschaft< mit Erläuterungsheft. Projekt- und Arbeitsbericht" Studia Troica XVI, (Volker Höhfeld, Rüstem Aslan ile birlikte)

in press "Wohnkultur in Troas – Architekturgeschichte der Provinz Çanakkale vom 4. Jahrtausend v. Chr. bis heute"(Rüstem Aslan/Ismail Erten/Sinan Ünlüsoy ile birlikte)
 Troia Projesi

Blum, Stephan
Blum, Stephan
Yaşayan insanlar

Stephan Blum


Mladen Lucić (Bosanski Šamac, 20. travnja 1958.), hrvatski domovinski i iseljenički književnik iz BiH

Životopis
Rodio se je u Bosanskom Šamcu. U Grebnicama i u Domaljevcu išao je u osnovnu školu. Od osnovne škole piše pjesme. U Pazinu i Zagrebu završio je klasičnu gimnaziju. U srednjoškolskim listovima objavio je svoje pjesme. U Zagrebu je diplomirao književnost na Filozofskom fakultetu. 1983. kad je diplomirao otišao je u SR Njemačku gdje se nedugo potom upisao na studij teologije na Sveučilištu u Eichstättu. Od 1987. godin je pastoralni djelatnik u Hrvatskoj katoličkoj misiji u Rottweilu. Pjesme je objavio u više domovinskih i iseljeničkih listova. Sudionik na mnogim večerima poezije. Dio pjesama mu je preveden i objavljen na njemačkom jeziku. 1986. je objavio zbirku pjesama Morinaja.

Nagrade i priznanja
Šimun Šito Ćorić uvrstio ga je u svoju antologiju 60 hrvatskih emigrantskih pisaca, a pjesme su mu također u mnogim antologijama u Hrvatskoj, Njemačkoj i Belgiji na njemačkom, francuskom i hrvatskom jeziku.

Izvori

Hrvatski pjesnici iz Bosne i Hercegovine
Hrvati u Njemačkoj
Životopisi, Bosanski Šamac

Mladen Lucić


Mayadin je grad u istočnoj Siriji. Glavni je grad okruga Mayadin, u pokrajini Deir ez-Zor. Mayadin je oko 44 kilometra jugoistočno od Deir ez-Zor-a. Kroz grad teče rijeka Eufrat. Na popisu stanovništva iz 2004. godine, imao je 44.028 stanovnika, što ga čini drugim najmnogoljudnijim gradom u ppkrajini.

Povijest

Antika
Smatra se da je Mayadin zapravo drevna Audattha o kojoj je pisao Ptolomej, iako neki sugeriraju da je Audattha današnja Haditha u Iraku.

Srednji vijek
Mayadin je nasljednik srednjovjekovnog grada i tvrđave Rahbat Malik ibn Tawk, koju je osnovao gospodar Abasida i imenjak izvornog grada Malik ibn Tawk.  Strateški je smješten na križanju puteva na zapadnoj obali Eufrata i smatra se "vratima" Sirije iz smjera Iraka, pa su se za kontrolu nad gradom često borile muslimanske sile i beduinska plemena u regiji. Izrastao je u jedan od glavnih muslimanskih gradova u dolini Eufrata i bio je administrativno središte.

Izvori

Gradovi u Siriji
Pokrajina Deir ez-Zor

Mayadin


D433 je državna cesta u Hrvatskoj. Ukupna duljina iznosi 2,52 km.

Naselja
 Split

Izvori

Državne ceste u Hrvatskoj

Državna cesta D433


Rheinsberg  er en by i  landkreis
Ostprignitz-Ruppin i den tyske delstat   Brandenburg ved Rhinen. Hovedbyen og landsbyerne Kleinzerlang Flecken Zechlin har betegnelsen statsanerkendt rekreationsby.  Rheinsberg hører med et areal på 328,22 km² til blandt de arealmæssigt 100 største kommuner i Tyskland.

Byens historie er knyttet til  . Den ligger i turistområdet Neustrelitzer Kleinseenland der er en del af Mecklenburgischen Seenplatte.

Geografi
Rheinsberg er en del af landskabet Ruppiner Land og ligger ved søområdet  Rheinsberger Seengebiet, der er den sydvestligste del af  Neustrelitzer Kleinseenland mellem mange større og mindre søer (hovedbyen ligger ved  Grienericksee) i et afvekslende skovklædt bakkelandskab. Syd for Rheinsberg støder den til Ruppiner Schweiz og mod vest ligger  Wittstock-Ruppiner Heide, der delvis anvendes til militært øvelsesområde.

Rheinsberg ligger ved  Bundesstraße B 122 der går  fra Alt Ruppin mod Wesenberg.

I den nordøstlige del af kommunen lå fra 1966 til 1990 atomkraftværket Rheinsberg, der var et forsknings- og forsøgskraftværk i DDR.

Historie
Kronprins Frederick, den senere Frederick den store (1712-1786), flyttede i 1736 ind i slottet i Rheinsberg med sin hustru, Elisabeth Christine. Slottet havde hans far, Kong Frederik Wilhelm 1 af Preussen købt til Frederik og dennes hustru. Frederick gennemførte en omfattende renovering og tilbygning til slottet.

Kronprins Frederick boede på slottet i Rheinsberg med sin hustru, indtil han i 1740 blev Konge af Preussen ved sin fars død.

Frederick den store gav juni 1744 sit slot i Rheinsberg til sin yngre bror, Prins Henry.

4 år efter Frederick den stores død i 1786 rejste Prins Henry en stor obelisk ved sit slot i Rheinsberg til ære for Prins Henrys yngre bror, Prins August Wilhelm.

På obelisken placerede prins Henry 28 medaljoner, der hædrer en række generaler for militære sejre.

Inddeling
Bykommunen  Rheinsberg består ud over hovedbyen af  16 landsbyer, og derudover en række mindre bebyggelser:

Landsbyer
Basdorf, Braunsberg, Dierberg, Dorf Zechlin, Flecken Zechlin, Großzerlang, Heinrichsdorf, Kagar, Kleinzerlang, Linow, Luhme,  Schwanow, Wallitz, Zechlinerhütte, Zechow, Zühlen

Kilder og henvisninger

  Byens websted

Rheinsberg


Broen til Biafra er en dokumentarfilm fra 1968 instrueret af Jørgen Vestergaard efter eget manuskript.

Handling
Borgerkrigen i Nigeria mellem forbundsregeringen og den østlige del af landet Biafra var en total krig, der nærmede sig folkemord. De militære styrker fra begge sider kæmpede skånselsløst. Biafra var fuldstændig isoleret, og befolkningen sultede. Over 3 mio. mennesker var truet af undergang, halvdelen børn. Hver nat blev der ad de nordiske og tyske kirkers luftbro fløjet mad ind til Biafra fra Sao Tome. Hver flyvning sikrede tusinder den nødvendigste føde.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1968

Broen til Biafra


An Epiblastus cuneatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johannes Jacobus Smith. An Epiblastus cuneatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epiblastus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 E. c. cuneatus
 E. c. unguiculatus

Mga kasarigan

Epiblastus

Epiblastus cuneatus


Holtmühle bezeichnet
einen Stadtteil von Wegberg, Kreis Heinsberg, siehe Holtmühle
eine Wassermühle in Wegberg, Kreis Heinsberg, siehe Holtmühle (Mühle)

Holtmühle (Begriffsklärung)


Ana Maria Guerra Martins (née le  à Lisbonne) est une juriste portugaise et juge à la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme.

Éducation et parcours universitaire
Ana Maria Guerra Martins étudie le droit à l'Université de Lisbonne, où elle obtient en 1986 un Bachelor of Science. En 1993, elle obtient une maîtrise en droit de l'Union européenne de la même université. De 1997 à 1999, elle travaille comme chercheuse à l'Institut Max-Planck de droit public et international comparé à Heidelberg. En 2000, elle obtient son doctorat en droit public.

Carrière académique
Après son retour au Portugal en 1999, elle devient maître de conférences à l'Université de Lisbonne. En 2000, elle devient maître de conférences junior pour les droits de l'homme internationaux et le droit constitutionnel à l'Université de Lisbonne. De 2004 à 2005, elle est professeure invitée à l'Université Paris-Sud ainsi qu'à l'Université Eduardo Mondlane de Maputo, au Mozambique. En 2006, elle retour à l'Université de Lisbonne et est nommée maître de conférences en droits de l'homme internationaux et en droit constitutionnel, et en 2011, elle devient professeure titulaire à l'Université de Lisbonne, poste qu'elle occupe jusqu'en 2020, date à laquelle elle assume la fonction de juge à la CEDH.

Carrière juridique
Elle devient juge à la Cour constitutionnelle du Portugal en 2006, où elle reste en poste jusqu'en 2016. Entre 2006 et 2007, elle est inspectrice générale de la justice au Portugal. En octobre 2019, elle est élue et succède à Paulo Pinto de Albuquerque en tant que représentante du Portugal comme juge à la CEDH. Elle est la première femme à représenter le Portugal à la CEDH et commence son mandat le  avril 2020.

Références

Liens externes

Étudiant de l'université de Lisbonne
Juge de la Cour européenne des droits de l'homme
Naissance en juillet 1963
Juriste portugais du XXe siècle
Juriste portugais du XXIe siècle
Naissance à Lisbonne

Ana Maria Guerra Martins


البيغمي  من الناحية الأنتروبولوجية هم الأفراد الذين لا يزيد طول قامة الذكر البالغ فيهم على 130سم، والمرأة البالغة على 121سم. والقزمية (القماءة) حالة مرضيّة نوعيّة ناتجة عن قصور الهرمونات التي تفرزها إحدى الغدتين، الدرقية أو النخامية، وتترافق القزمية عادة بظواهر واضطرابات مرضيّة كالبلادة والغباء وسرعة التعب والشيخوخة المبكرة، وعدم تناسب أعضاء الجسم، وقد تستمر طبائع الطفولة لدى القزم حتى بعد سن البلوغ، إذا كانت قزميته ناجمة عن قصور غدته النخامية خاصة، وأكثر الأقزام شهرة نيكولاس فيري الشهير بالطفل (21سم عند الولادة و90سم عند سن البلوغ)، والأميرة فلو (Floh 80سم)، وبورفيلافسكي (78سم).

إن تصنيف المجموعات التي يتصف أفرادها أصلاً بقصر القامة الشديد (من دون سبب مرضي) ضمن مجموعات الأقزام، هو تصنيف اتفاقي محض بين علماء الأنتروبولوجية، وتستوطن هذه المجموعات عموماً، بيئة جغرافية محددة محصورة بين خطي عرض 5 درجات شمال خط الاستواء وجنوبه، يعيش أفرادها حياة بدائية متنقلة، قوامها الجمع والالتقاط. ويقسم الأقزام تبعاً لمناطق توزعهم الجغرافي إلى إفريقيين وآسيويين.

الأقزام الإفريقيون «النيغريلّو» المنتمون إلى السلالة الزنجية
يتصفون بالقامة القصيرة التي يراوح طولها بين 133سم و144سم، وهم صغار الحجوم، ومكتنزو الأجسام، أذرعهم طويلة، وسيقانهم قصيرة، وبشرتهم سوداء غير داكنة مائلة للصفرة، كما يتصفون بالشعر المفلفل الصوفي الملمس، والشفتين الغليظتين البارزتين غير المقلوبتين، والفم الواسع البارز إلى الأمام، وعظام الوجنتين البارزة. وتتخذ الجبهة عندهم شكلاً قريباً من المثلث المتساوي الساقين، وينمو الشعر على وجوههم وعلى أنحاء أجسامهم كافة. وزمر الدم الرئيسة السائدة فيهم هي A وB وAB، أما زمرة O فهي نادرة. وينفرد الأقزام الأفارقة بكبر العجيزة بين السلالة الإفريقية الكبرى.

ويقسم الأقزام الأفارقة إلى:
 سلالة أولى يتصف أفرادها بالكتفين الضيقتين، والوجه العريض القصير، والأنف الأفطس، والشعر القليل على الوجه والجسم.
 سلالة ثانية يتصف أفرادها بالرأس والوجه الطويلين، والبشرة السوداء غير الداكنة، والكتفين العريضتين، والشعر الغزير على الجسم والذقن، ويميل لون البشرة لدى كلتا السلالتين إلى البني الفاتح، ولاسيما عند الأطفال لنقص البروتينات في غذائهم.
وتبعاً للموطن الجغرافي، يمكن تقسيم الأقزام الأفارقة إلى:

ـ الأقزام الغربيين: يستوطنون الغابات الاستوائية في كل من الكونغو والكاميرون وأشهرهم جماعات البنغا Binga.

ـ الأقزام الشرقيين: يعيشون في راسي ومخي في حوض إيتوري (الكونغو الديمقراطية)، ويعرفون بجماعات البامبوته Bambute.

ـ الأقزام الذين يستوطنون حوض نهر الكونغو، في المنطقة الفاصلة بين موطن الأقزام الغربيين وموطن الشرقيين، ويُمثلهم التوا Twa الذين يعدون من أقصر الجماعات البشرية في العالم، إذ يراوح طول الفرد منهم بين 129سم و132سم، ويتصف أفراد التوا بالرأس العريضة (النسبة الرأسية عندهم أكثر من 81%)، والأنف العريض، والكتفين الضيقتين والبشرة السوداء المصفرّة، والشعر قليل على وجوههم وأجسامهم، وهو ذو ملمس صوفي خشن. وتؤلف القرابة الدموية لجهة الأب اللحمة الاجتماعية الرئيسة عندهم، لذا يتربع الأب فوق هرم السلطة الأسرية ضمن القبيلة.

ويشارك أقزام التوا في صفاتهم السلالية، ونمط المعيشة، والنظام الاجتماعي، كل من أقزام الأكا والباتوا والبامبوته.

وفي صحراء كالاهاري المحصورة بين حوضي نهري الزمبيزي والأورانج في جنوبي إفريقية، تعيش جماعات البوشمن التي لا يزيد معدل طول الفرد الواحد منها على 145سم، ويعرفون أيضاً باسم السان San، وهي تسمية أطلقتها عليهم جماعات الهوتنتوت الذين يطلقون على أنفسهم اسم خوي Khoi، ومرتبطون مع السان برباط لغوي وسلالي متين، دفع كثيراً من الأنتروبولوجيين (علماء السلالات) إلى تصنيفهم معاً ضمن سلالة واحدة تعرف باسم السلالة الخويسانية Khoisan، ويمتاز أفراد البوشمن من غيرهم بالأنف القصير الواسع غير المنخفض، والوجه العريض، والفك السفلي البارز، والرأس المستدير، والشعر المفلفل ذي الملمس الصوفي، والعينين المائلتين ذاتي الشكل الموزي، وهذا ماجعل بعض الأنتروبولوجيين يصنفونهم ضمن المجموعة المغولية الكبرى، وليس ضمن السلالة الإفريقية الكبرى.

الأقزام الآسيويون «النغريتو»
يعيشون في نطاق الغابات الاستوائية في جنوب شرقي آسيا، يتصفون بقامة قصيرة لا يزيد معدل طولها على 148سم، ورأس عريض أو متوسط العرض، ووجه مستدير صغير، وبشرة سوداء داكنة مصفرّة وأنف ضخم غير أفطس، وشعر مفلفل صوفي نادر على الوجه والجسم، كما يتصفون بتناسق أعضاء الجسم، ويُصنفون عادة ضمن السلالة الأسترالية، وأهم جماعاتهم:
 السيمانغ: يستوطنون الملايو وشرقي سومطرة وجنوبي تايلند، ويعيشون جماعات صغيرة لا يزيد عدد أفرادها على 30 شخصاً، والأب هو سيد الأسرة، ولا يعرفون تعدد الزوجات، يعتقدون بتناسخ الأرواح والطوطم، وللسحرة بينهم مكانة اجتماعية واقتصادية مميزة، لا يزيد طول الرجل فيهم على 149سم، والمرأة على 145سم، أجسامهم متناسقة، تراوح النسبة الرأسية عندهم بين 70% و75%، والشفتان غليظتان، والأنف قصير ومفلطح.
 التابيرو: يستوطنون غينية الجديدة وبعض أنحاء ميلانيزية (غينية الجديدة وأرخبيل بسمارك وجزر سليمان وكاليدونية الجديدة وفانواتو وفيجي)، يتصفون بالرأس العريض والشعر الأسود الكثيف على الوجه والجسم، والشفتان غليظتان وغير مقلوبتين، والأنف عريض، والبشرة بنيّة مصفرَّة.
 الآيتا: يعيشون في جزيرة لوزون (الفيليبين)، يتصفون بالقامة التي لايزيد طولها على 146سم والرأس العريض، والأنف العريض المفلطح، والشفتين المتوسطتي الغلظ، والشعر الأسود المفلفل الغزير على الوجه والجسم.
4 ـ أقزام جزر الأندمان (في خليج البنغال): لا يزيد طول القامة فيهم على 148سم، والرأس عريض، إذ تصل النسبة الرأسية إلى 83%، والوجه عريض أيضاً، والأنف مستقيم نسبياً، والشفتان ممتلئتان، واليدان صغيرتان، وأعضاء الجسم متناسقة عموماً.

مراجع

الأقزام الأفارقة
سلالات
طول الإنسان
علم الإنسان
قضايا إثنية
مجموعات عرقية في إفريقيا

بيغمي


Falcatifolium falciforme er sígrænn runni eða tré (að 36m hátt) frá Brúnei, Indónesíu og Malasíu.

Tilvísanir

Gagnviðarætt

Falcatifolium falciforme


Svijet

Natjecanja

Svjetska natjecanja

Kontinentska natjecanja

Europska natjecanja
 Od 27. travnja do 3. svibnja – Europsko prvenstvo u košarci u Pragu u Čehoslovačkoj: prvak SSSR
 Od 10. do 14. rujna – Europsko prvenstvo u vaterpolu u Monte Carlu u Monaku: prvak Italija

Osnivanja
 Kashima Antlers, japanski nogometni klub
 FCSB, rumunjski nogometni klub
 FK Vardar Skoplje, sjevernomakedonski nogometni klub

Rekordi

Nagrade

Ostali događaji

Rođenja
 14. listopada – Josip Nikolai Peruzović, američki kečer hrvatsko-ukrajinskog podrijetla († 2018.)

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Natjecanja

Timski športovi

Pojedinačni športovi

Osnivanja
 NK Psunj Sokol Okučani, hrvatski nogometni klub

Rekordi

Nagrade

Ostali događaji

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Šport u 1947.


Michel Petrucciani () a fost un pianist și compozitor de jazz francez.

El a trăit suferind de o gravă afecțiune osoasă numită osteogeneză imperfectă, astfel că a avut doar un metru înălțime. Cu toate acestea, și-aa dedicat copilăria studiului pianului. Stilul său a fluctuat între o atmosferă intimă și romantică, proprie stilului Bill Evans, al cărui fervent admirator era, și un altul cu o mare utilizare a ritmului care a combinat subtilitatea, lirismul și puterea unui atac percutant.

Carieră
Provenind dintr-o familie de muzicieni de origine italo-franceză (bunicul lui a fost originar dinNapoli), a studiat pian clasic de copil, iar la vârsta de 12 ani, a debutat, însoțit de tatăl său Tony la chitară, care a fost profesorul lui de pian, și fratele lui Louis la contrabas. Ca urmare a bolilor degenerative, la începutul carierei sale, tatăl și frații săi, ocazional, au trebuit să-l ducă în brațe, deoarece el nu putea să meargă singur. Cu toate acestea, boala lui a adus, de asemenea, anumite avantaje pentru cariera sa, dupa cum spunea chiar el, deoarece handicapul fizic i-a împiedicat distracția oferită de sport și alte activități proprii tineretului.

Deși a studiat pian clasic, marele lui idol muzical a fost întotdeauna Duke Ellington, care a fost sursa lui de inspirație pentru a se dedica, în cele din urmă, jazzului. Ca adult, mâinile lui au ajuns la o dimensiune medie, cu toate acestea, pentru pedale a fost nevoit să folosesască diverse artefacte special făcute pentru el.

A ieșit în evidență de la o vârstă foarte tânără, iar la 17 ani a înregistrat primul său album. În anul următor începe un trio cu Jean-François Jenny-Clark și Aldo Romano, o serie de înregistrări pentru firma franceză OWL. În 1982 s-a mutat în California și a devenit pianist al grupului saxofonistului Charles Lloyd, când acesta se întoarcea pe scenă, după o prelungită vreme de retragere, mulțumită insistenței lui Petrucciani. Deși el a continuat înregistrarea în Franța, șederile lui la New York îi oferă primele lui albume americane, până când, în 1985 începe perioada sa cu firma "Blue Note" cu "Pianism", o înregistrare în trio cu Palle Danielson și Elliot Zigmund. la 22 februarie 1985, Lloyd a intrat pe scena de la Town Hall din New York cu Petrucciani în brațele lui, și îl așează pe scaunul de la pian, urmând filmarea a O Noapte cu Blue Note. Regizorul filmului, John Charles Jopson, și-a amintit mai târziu în notele de reeditare, că scena l-a mișcat până la lacrimi. În anul următor, cânta la Montreux într-un trio cu Wayne Shorter și Jim Hall, întâlnire care este publicată sub titlul "Power of Three", una dintre marile lui albume. A cochetat, de asemenea, în lucrări precum "Music", "Playground", care l-au apropiat deformule de electric fusion. Ultimul său album pentru Blue Note este un solo tribut lui Duke Ellington, unul dintre compozitorii lui preferați și o influență clară de-a lungul carierei sale. În Statele Unite a cântat, de asemenea, cu diverse figuri de pe scena jazz-ului local, inclusiv legendarul Dizzy Gillespie și saxofonistul Lee Konitz, printre alții.

În 1994 înregistrează pentru o companie franceză, Dreyfus, "Marvellous", într-un trio completat de Dave Holland și Tony Williams, și în mod surprinzător adăguând un cvartet de coarde. Personalitatea lui pregnantă l-a făcut să prefere formații mici, iar în ultimii ani una dintre cele mai fructuoase trupe a fost duetul cu organistul Eddy Louiss, cuprins în cele două volume din "Conference de Presse". Cea mai mare virtute a lui, ca pianist de jazz a fost solo-ul. Dublu CD-ul preluat din spectacolele lui de la Paris "Au Teathre Des Champs-Elysees" este considerat a fi apogeul carierei sale înregistrate. În 1997 a format un grup mai mare, un sextet în care sunt integrați italienii Stefano Di Battista și Flavio Boltro, cu care a înregistrat "Both Worlds".

S-a căsătorit cu pianista clasică italiană Gilda Buttà (1959-), dar s-au despărțit trei luni mai târziu. A avut mai multe relații. Cu canadiana Marie-Laure Roperch, care avea deja un fiu, pe nume Rachid Roperch (pe care Petrucciani îl considera a fi fiul său vitreg) a avut un fiu, Alexandru, care a moștenit boala lui Petrucciani.

A murit la 6 ianuarie 1999, la 36 de ani, din cauza unei afecțiuni pulmonare produse de boala osoasă. Odihnește în cimitirul Père-Lachaise (Paris), lângă mormântul lui Chopin. Din iulie 2003, la Paris există o piață cu numele Michel Petrucciani.

Stil
Modul de a cânta al lui Petrucciani a fost caracterizat de un puternic ritm și o excepțională independență poliritmică a mâinilor. Având în vedere gustul lui pentru ritm, i-a plăcut foarte mult muzica braziliană și jazz-ul influențat de ea, care au fost mereu prezente în albumele lui.

Discografie

Albume de studio
 Flash (1980)
 Flash
 In your own sweet way
 English blues
 Here's that rainy day
 Giant steps
 Ballade
 Vaucluse blues

 Hommage à Enelram Atsenig
 Days of wine and roses
 Christmas dreams
 Juste un moment
 Gattito
 Cherokee
 Estate (1982)
 Pasolini
 Very early
 Estate
 Maybe yes
 I just say hello
 Tone poem
 Samba des prophètes

 I hear a rhapsody
 To Erlinda
 Round about midnight
 Lover man
 Ode
 Lovelee
 Oracle's destiny (1982)
 Oracle's destiny
 Big sur-big on
 Amalgame
 It's what I am doing when I miss you
 Mike Pee
 100 hearts (1983)
 Turn around
 Three forgotten magic words
 Silence
 St
 Pot pourri
 100 hearts
 Note'n notes (solo, 1984)
 The round boy's dance
 Prelude to a kiss
 Eugenia
 My funny Valentine
 Darn that dream (1985)
 Just friends
 You don't know what love is
 Corcovado
 Lover man
 Darn that dream
 Straight no chaser
 Cold blues (1985)
 Beautiful but why
 Autumn leaves
 Something like this
 There will never be another you
 I just say hello
 Cold blues
 Pianism (1985)
 The prayer
 Our tune
 Face's face
 Night and day
 Here's that rainy day
 Regina
 Michel plays Petrucciani (1987)
 She did it again
 One for us
 Sahara
 13th
 Mr K.
 One night at Ken and Jessica's
 It's a dance
 La Champagne
 Brazillian suite
 Music (1989)
 Looking up
 Memories of Paris
 My bebop tune
 Brazilian suite no. 1
 Bite
 Lullaby
 O nana oye
 Play me
 Happy birthday mr
 Thinking of Wayne
 Date with time (solo) (1991, grabado en 1981
 Santa Barbara
 Afro blues
 Round about midnight
 Menphis green
 Mike Pee
 Bumpin' on the sunset
 Playground (1991)
 September second
 Home
 P'tit Louis
 Miles davis' licks
 Rachid
 Brazilian suite #3
 Play school
 Contradictions
 Laws of physics
 Piango, pay the man
 Like that
 Promenade with Duke (solo) (1993)
 Caravan
 Lush life
 Take the A train
 African flower
 In a sentimental mood
 Hidden joy
 One night in the hotel
 Satin doll
 C-jam blues
 Marvellous (1994)
 Manhattan
 Charlie brown
 Even mice dance
 Why
 Hidden joy
 Shooting stars
 You are my waltz
 Dumb breaks
 92's last
 Bésame mucho
 Flamingo (1995, alături de Stéphane Grappelli, publicat în 1996)
 These foolish things
 Little peace in C for U
 Flamingo
 Sweet Georgia Brown
 I can't get started
 I got rhythm
 I love New York in june
 Misty
 I remember April
 Lover man
 There will never be another you
 Valse du passé
 Both worlds (1997)
 35 seconds of music and more
 Brazilian like
 Training
 Colors
 Petite Louise
 Chloé meets Gershwin
 Chimes
 Guadeloupe
 On top of the roof
 Conversation with Michel (2000, alături de Bob Malach, înregistrat între anii 1988 și 1989)
 My bebop tune, prise 1
 My bepop tune, prise 2
 My bepop tune, prise 3
 Conversation with Michel, 1ère partie
 For all time's sake
 Contradictions
 Theme for Ernie
 You must believe in spring
 Conversation with Michel, 2ème partie
 My bepop tune, prise 4

Discurile live
 Live at the Village Vanguard (1984)
 Nardis
 Oleo
 Big sur, big on
 To Erlinda
 Say it again and again
 Trouble
 Three forgotten magic words
 Round about midnight
 Power of three (1986)
 Limbo
 Careful
 Morning blues
 Waltz new
 Beautiful love
 In a sentimental mood
 Bimini
 Live (1994, înregistrat în 1991)
 Black magic
 Miles Davis licks
 Contradictions
 Bite
 Rachid
 Looking up
 Thank you note
 Estate
 Conférence de presse (alături de Eddy Louiss) (1994)
 Les grelots
 Jean-Philippe Herbien
 All the things you are
 I wrote you a song
 So what
 These foolish things
 Amesha
 Simply bop
 Conférence de presse, vol. 2 (1995, alături de Eddy Louiss, înregistrat în 1994)
 [Autumn leaves] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autumn_Leaves_(song)
 Hub art
 Caravan
 Naissance
 Rachid
 Caraïbes
 Au p'tit jour
 Summertime
 Au théâtre des Champs-Elysées (1995, înregistrat în 1994)
 CD 1
 Medley of my favourite songs
 Night sun in Blois
 Radio dial - These foolish things
 CD 2
 I mean you - Round about midnight
 Even nice dance - Caravan
 Love letter
 Bésame mucho

 Solo live (1998,  înregistrat în 1997)
 Looking up
 Bésame mucho
 Rachid
 Chloé meets Gershwin
 Home
 Brazilian like
 Little piece in C for U
 Romantic but not blue
 Trilogy in Blois
 Caravan
 She did it again - Take the A train
 Concerts inédits (1999,  înregistrat între anii 1993 și 1994)
 CD 1 (solo)
 [Autumn leaves]http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autumn_Leaves_(song)
 In a sentimental mood
 Take the A train
 Bésame mucho
 Hidden joy
 Caravan
 Around midnight
 CD 2 (duo)
 All the things you are
 I can't get started
 Oleo
 All blues
 Beautiful love
 Someday my prince will come
 Billie's bounce
 Blues in the closet
 My funny Valentine
 CD 3 (trio)
 Manhattan
 Charlie Brown
 On Green Dolphin Street
 Les grelots
 All the things you are
 Why?
 Tutu
 Dumb breaks

 Trio in Tokyo (1999,  înregistrat în 1997)
 Training
 September second
 Home
 Little peace in C for U
 Love letter
 Cantabile
 Colors
 So what
 Take The `A' Train -Bonus-
 Conversation (cu tatăl său, chitaristul de jazz Tony Petrucciani; 2001,  înregistrat în 1992)
 Summertime
 Sometime ago
 All the things you are
 My funny Valentine
 Nuages
 Nardis
 Michel's blues
 Someday my prince will come
 Billie's bounce
 Satin doll
 Dreyfus night (2003,  înregistrat în 1994)
 Tutu
 The king is gone
 Looking up
 Piano solo - The complete live in Germany (2007,  înregistrat în 1997)
 CD 1
 Colors
 Training
 Hidden joy
 Les grelots
 Guadeloupe
 Love letter
 Little peace in C for U
 Michel Petrucciani speech
 J'aurais tellement voulu
 Rachid
 Chloé meets Gershwin
 Home
 Brazilian like
 CD 2
 Romantic but not blue
 Trilogy in Blois (Morning Sun in Blois / Noon Sun in Blois / Night Sun in Blois)
 Caravan
 Looking up
 Bésame mucho
 She did it again
 Take the A train

DVD
 Power Of Three (20th Montreux Jazz Festival: Live 1986)
Michel Petrucciani (p), Jim Hall (g), Wayne Shorter (ss 6, ts 5&7)
 Beautiful Love
 In A Sentimental Mood
 Careful
 Waltz New
 Limbo
 Morning Blues
 Bimini
 Non Stop Travels With Michel Petrucciani / The Michel Petrucciani Trio in Concert
 Non Stop Travels With Michel Petrucciani: Documental: Bimini / Brazilian Suite / You Are My Waltz / Waltz New / She Did it Again / Take The A Train / Caravan / Piango, Pay The Man / My bebop tune / Charlie Brown / Flamingo / Little Peace in C for U / Lullaby / Looking Up
 Michel Petrucciani Trio - Live In Concert -Stuttgart-: Michel Petrucciani (p), Anthony Jackson (b), Steve Gadd (d): Little Peace in C for U / Brazilian Like / Chloe Meets Gershwin / September Second / So What / Guadaloupe / Take the A Train / Cantabile

Unele discuri la care a participat
 The Manhattan Project (1989)
 Louis Petrucciani (fratele lui, contrabasist): The librarian (1990)
 Rachelle Ferrel: Somethin' else (1990)
 Michel Grailler: Dream drops (1991,  înregistrat în 1981)
 Joe Lovano: From the soul (1992,  înregistrat în 1991)
 Charles Lloyd: A night in Copenhague (1996,  înregistrat în 1983)
 Steve Grossman & Michel Petrucciani: Quartet (1999,  înregistrat în 1998)
 Philippe Petrucciani (fratele lui, guitarist de jazz): The First (1991)
 Marcus Miller (b), Michel Petrucciani (p), Kenny Garrett (s), Biréli Lagréne (g), Lenny White (d): Dreyfus Night In Paris (7 de julio de 1994)
 Patrick Rondat: On the edge (1999)

Note

Legături externe

 Michel-Petrucciani.de (în memoria lui Michel Petrucciani).
  Vidas Contadas la RNE.

Nașteri în 1962
Decese în 1999
Pianiști francezi
Pianiști de jazz
Înmormântări în cimitirul Père Lachaise

Michel Petrucciani


ديفيد سيباستيان كليمينت روزينال ، من مواليد 5 يوليو 1980 في شتيرنبيرك في تشيكوسلوفاكيا، لاعب كرة قدم تشيكي في مركز قلب الدفاع.

يلعب مع نادي هامبورغ الألماني من سنة 2009.

بدأ باللعب مع منتخب التشيك لكرة القدم في سنة 2004.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب ديفيد روزينال خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 8 أندية في عشرون موسمًا وسجل خلالها 10 أهداف ضمن 420 مباراة. حيث فاز في أربعة مواسم بالكأس وفي موسمين بالدوري.

خاض ديفيد روزينال مسيرته مع نادي سيغما أولوموتس في موسم 1999–00 ليلعب معه أربعة مواسم، مشاركًا في 72 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين. ثم انتقل إلى نادي كلوب بروج في موسم 2003–04 ولمدة موسمين، حيث شارك في 50 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي باريس سان جيرمان في موسم 2005–06 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 75 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا أيضًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي لاتسيو في موسم 2007–08 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 38 مباراة ولم يسجل أي هدف. هذا وانتقل لاحقًا إلى نادي هامبورغ في موسم 2009–10 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 23 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا. ثم انتقل بعدها إلى نادي ليل في موسم 2010–11 ليلعب معه خمسة مواسم، مشاركًا في 75 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين. ليعود وينتقل من جديد، لكن هذه المرة إلى نادي أوستينده في موسم 2015–16 واستمر معه طيلة ثلاثة مواسم، مشاركًا في 66 مباراة سجل خلالها 3 أهداف.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية تشيكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو أوستينده
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي للمحترفين
لاعبو الدوري التشيكي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو باريس سان جيرمان
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2004
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو كأس العالم 2006
لاعبو كرة قدم تشيكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم تشيكيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كلوب بروج
لاعبو لاتسيو
لاعبو ليل
لاعبو منتخب التشيك لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب جمهورية التشيك تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي سيغما أولوموتس
لاعبو نيوكاسل يونايتد
لاعبو هامبورغ
مواليد 1980
رياضيون من إقليم أولوموتس
لاعبو كرة قدم من إقليم أولوموتس

ديفيد روزينال


Oruçpınar, Çorum ilinin Ortaköy ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1925 yılı kayıtlarında Karadağ olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 52 km, Ortaköy ilçe merkezine 5 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Ortaköy belde ve köyleri

Oruçpınar, Ortaköy


Saplun ili Mladine, hrvatski otok
 Mladine (Bilogora), vrh na Bilogori

Mladine


Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco (12 July 1675, Verona, Italy — 12 July 1742, Munich, Bavaria) was an Italian composer, violinist, and cellist.

Life
Dall'Abaco was born in Verona to renowned guitarist Damiano dall'Abaco. He is thought to have been a pupil of Torelli's from whom he would have learned violin and cello.

He became a violinist with Tommaso Antonio Vitali in Modena, and in 1704 joined the court of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria in Munich as Kammermusiker. After only a few months, he fled with the court to Brussels following Maximilian's defeat at the Battle of Blenheim. When he went into exile with the court, he spent time in France and absorbed some of the influences there. On Maximilian's restoration and return to Munich in 1715, Dall'Abaco was appointed Concert-meister. He continued to compose chamber music at the French and Dutch courts until 1740, when he retired. Dall'Abaco's music is especially indebted to Vivaldi and Corelli. Dall'Abaco passed away on his 67th birthday

While in Brussels, dall'Abaco fathered Joseph Abaco (1710–1805).

Published works
 Opus 1: 12 Sonate da Camera, for violin and violoncello with accompaniment
 Opus 2: 12 Concerti a quattro da Chiesa
 Opus 3: 12 Sonate da Chiesa a tre
 Opus 4: 12 Sonate da Camera a violino e violoncello
 Opus 5 & 6: Concerti a piu Instrumenti

External links

References

1675 births
1742 deaths
18th-century Italian composers
18th-century violinists
18th-century Italian male musicians
Italian Baroque composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian violinists
Italian cellists
Male violinists
Musicians from Verona

Evaristo Felice Dall'Abaco


Uktenadactylus es un género extinto de pterosaurio pterodactiloide del Cretácico Inferior hallado en la formación Paw Paw de Texas, Estados Unidos y Isla de Wight, sur de Inglaterra.

En 1994 Yuong Nam-Lee nombró a una nueva especie dentro del género Coloborhynchus: Coloborhynchus wadleighi, basándose en un hocico parcial hallado en 1992 en capas del Albiense en Tarrant County, siendo el holotipo SMU 73058 (Shuler Museum of Paleontology, Southern Methodist University en Dallas). El nombre de la especie honra al recolector del fósil, Chris Wadleigh. La referencia de la especie al género Coloborhynchus estaba basada en que tanto C. wadleighi como la especie tipo de Coloborhynchus, Coloborhynchus clavirostris, comparten el rasgo de tener tres pares de dientes situados lateralmente dentro de una ancha punta del hocico. Esto podría distinguirlo tanto de la especie Criorhynchus simus como justificar la resurrección del género Coloborhynchus, ya que desde el análisis hecho por Reginald Walter Hooley en 1914 había sido generalmente considerado al género Criorhynchus o este género había sido subsumido de nuevo dentro de Ornithocheirus.

Como resultado de la reaparición del concepto los investigadores europeos refirieron muchas especies descubiertas en Suramérica a Coloborhynchus, una práctica rechazada por muchos investigadores suramericanos. En 2009 un estudio hecho por los paleontólogos brasileños Taissa Rodrigues y Alexander Kellner concluyó que Coloborhynchus solo incluía a una especie, su especie tipo C. clavirostris. De acuerdo a esto, en la misma publicación crearon un nuevo género para C. wadleighi: Uktenadactylus. El nombre del género se deriva de Uktena, una serpiente gigante con cuerno de la mitología de los Cherokees y el término griego daktylos, "dedo", un elemento común en los nombres de los pterosaurios desde Pterodactylus, refiriéndose a su típico dedo del ala.

El fósil tiene una longitud de cerca de quince centímetros y consiste en el extremo frontal del cráneo, que contiene el premaxilar y una parte pequeña del maxilar. Sobre la base hay una cresta que se curva gradualmente hacia arriba y termina en una altura de 7.5 centímetros, habiendo obtenido en este punto un grosor de cuatro milímetros. El hocico se hace más ancho hacia el frente. Sobre el lado izquierdo son visibles ocho alvéolos de los dientes, y sobre el lado derecho seis. El primer par de dientes estaba localizado en la aplanada punta del hocico, apuntando hacia adelante. Los alvéolos al principio incrementan su tamaño desde la punta hacia atrás, siendo el mayor el tercer par con un diámetro de 17.6/17.7 milímetros. el cuarto par es mucho menor; hacia atrás los alvéolos de nuevo incrementan su tamaño, formando una especie de "trampa". De acuerdo a Rodrigues y Kellner la especie posee dos rasgos únicos: la presencia de una depresión oval sobre y entre el primer par de dientes y de una depresión ventral medial entre el segundo par de dientes, y un hueco circular posicionado sobre el borde inferior de la punta del hocico que Lee había interpretado como un posible foramen neumático.

Rodrigues y Kellner basaron su distinción entre Uktenadactylus y Coloborhynchus clavirostris sobre varias consideraciones estratigráficas, metodológicas y filogenéticas. Entre estas está la diferencia de edad de quizás treinta millones de años entre el ejemplar británico del Berriasiense-Valanginiense y la más reciente forma americana del Albiense-Cenomaniense. Ya que ambos taxones están basados en restos muy limitados, que sin embargo, incluso dentro de estos límites son claramente distinguibles a nivel de especies, ellos rechazaron una imprudente identidad genérica. También la afinidad incierta con la forma cercanamente relacionada Siroccopteryx podría ser una suposición problemática. Rodrigues y Kellner identicaron una única característica compartida para Uktenadactylus y Coloborhynchus clavirostris: un extremado alargamiento del segundo y tercer par de dientes. Diferencias entre estos taxones incluyen la posición más adelantada de la cresta en C. clavirostris, comenzando muy en la punta del hocico; un profundo surco palatal y surcos poco profundos corriendo paralelos al borde de la parte frontal del paladar; una depresión localizada bajo el primer alvéolo y una posición lateral para el segundo, el tercer y cuarto par de dientes mientras que el quinto y sexto par están al contrario mucho más cercanos a la línea media del cráneo. Ambas formas comparten algunas características derivadas con Siroccopteryx: el segundo y tercer par de dientes son mayores que el cuarto; la punta del hocico es aplanada causando que la roseta dental sea rectangular en sección transversal y similar en grosor a la cresta. Los autores concluyeron a partir de esto que los tres taxones probablemente formaban un clado aún sin nombrar dentro de Anhangueridae.

Martill (2015) describió un fragmento de hocico de la Isla de Wight (IWCMS 2014.82) que asignó a Coloborhynchus. Sin embargo, Holgado y Pêgas (2020) lo encontraron más estrechamente relacionado con Uktendactylus wadleighi y lo describieron como una nueva especie de Uktenadactylus, U. rodriguesae, el nombre específico en honor a Taissa Rodrigues.

Véase también

 Anexo: géneros de pterosaurios

Referencias

Pterosaurios de América del Norte
Pterosaurios del Cretácico Inferior
Pterodactyloidea

Uktenadactylus


Ahlis (lat. Achlys), manji biljni rod iz poroice žutikovki kojemu pripadaju tri vrste. Dvije vrste rastu po zapadnim djelovima SAD–a i Kanade, a jedna u Japanu i Korejskom poluotoku (Sjeverna Koreja)

Vrste
 Achlys californica  Fukuda & H. Baker, Kalifornija, Oregon, Washington, Britanska Kolumbija
 Achlys japonica  Maxim.
 Achlys triphylla  (Sm.) DC., Kalifornija, Oregon, Washington, Britanska Kolumbija

Izvori

Žutikovke

Ahlis