A Batalha de Oróscopa foi um confronto travado entre um exército cartaginês de mais de trinta mil homens comandando por Asdrúbal contra uma força númida de tamanho desconhecido liderada pelo rei Massinissa. A batalha ocorreu em  perto da cidade antiga de Oróscopa, em algum lugar no norte da Tunísia moderna, terminando em uma vitória númida.

A Segunda Guerra Púnica entre Cartago e Roma acabara em  e um dos termos de paz proibia que os cartagineses guerreassem sem a permissão do Senado Romano. Massinissa era um aliado de Roma e explorou isso várias vezes para atacar o território cartaginês com impunidade. Cartago reuniu em  um exército de 25,4 mil homens sob Asdrúbal, ignorando o tratado. Esta força foi reforçada por seis mil cavaleiros númidas comandados por dois líderes insatisfeitos.

O exército cartaginês tentou impedir as agressões de Massinissa contra a cidade de Oróscopa. Massinissa conseguiu atrair os cartagineses para uma área de terreno acidentado com pouca água e comida, cercando-os. Os cartagineses achavam que seus oponentes eram apenas tribais não regulamentados e que iriam dispersar, mas Massinissa tinha criado um exército bem disciplinado com um eficiente sistema logístico que foi capaz de fazer os cartagineses passarem fome até se renderem.

Apesar dos termos da rendição, os cartagineses foram atacados e é provavelmente que a maioria foi morta. Asdrúbal e a maioria de seus oficiais sobreviveram e voltaram para casa, mas ele acabou condenado à morte em uma tentativa de aplacar Roma. Entretanto, facções anticartaginesas em Roma usaram essa ação militar ilícita como pretexto para uma expedição punitiva. Isto provocou a Terceira Guerra Púnica, que terminou em  com a destruição de Cartago.

Antecedentes
Em meados do , Roma era a potência dominante na região do Mediterrâneo, e Cartago era uma grande cidade-estado no nordeste do que é hoje a Tunísia moderna. Os romanos se referiam aos cartagineses pela palavra latina púnico (), que é uma referência à origem fenícia de Cartago. "Púnico" deriva desse uso. Cartago e Roma lutaram na Primeira Guerra Púnica, que durou 23 anos, de 264 a  e a Segunda Guerra Púnica de 17 anos entre 218 e . Ambas as guerras terminaram com vitórias romanas, a Segunda quando o general romano Cipião Africano derrotou Aníbal, o principal general cartaginês da guerra, na Batalha de Zama, 160 km a sudoeste de Cartago. Africano impôs um tratado de paz aos cartagineses que os privou de seus territórios ultramarinos e alguns de seus territórios africanos. Uma indenização de 10 mil talentos de prata deveria ser paga em 50 anos. Foram feitos reféns e Cartago foi proibida de guerrear fora da África, e na África apenas com a permissão expressa do Senado Romano. Muitos cartagineses seniores queriam rejeitar o tratado, mas Aníbal falou fortemente a seu favor e foi aceito na primavera de . Doravante ficou claro que Cartago era politicamente subordinada a Roma.

Prelúdio
No final da Segunda Guerra Púnica, Masinissa, um aliado de Roma, emergiu como o governante mais poderoso entre os númidas, a população indígena que controlava grande parte do que hoje é a Argélia e a Tunísia. Nos 50 anos seguintes, ele repetidamente aproveitou a incapacidade de Cartago de proteger militarmente suas posses, invadindo ou tomando territórios que Cartago havia mantido por muito tempo. Os cartagineses repetidamente pediram reparação a Roma, alegando que Masinissa havia violado o tratado. Roma sempre apoiou Masinissa e se recusou a agir ou dar permissão para Cartago tomar uma ação militar para defender seu território. As apreensões de terras e assentamentos cartagineses por Masinissa tornaram-se cada vez mais flagrantes, estendendo-se às principais cidades e portos importantes.

Batalha
Em , os númidas mais uma vez invadiram o território que havia sido cartaginês por séculos. Bloquearam a cidade de Oróscopa e devastaram as terras agrícolas ao seu redor. Esta foi uma provocação longe demais para os cartagineses; eles formaram um exército de 25 mil soldados de infantaria e 400 de cavalaria comandados pelo até então não registrado general cartaginês Asdrúbal e, independentemente do tratado, contra-atacaram os númidas. Eles foram reforçados por dois líderes númidas descontentes, Suba e Asásis, com 6 mil cavaleiros adicionais.

Os cartagineses avançaram sobre Oróscopa, venceram várias escaramuças de pequena escala e, na opinião de Asdrúbal, expulsaram os númidas. Insatisfeito com isso, Asdrúbal fez com que o exército cartaginês seguisse os númidas, na esperança de provocá-los para uma batalha decisiva. Os númidas atraíram deliberadamente os cartagineses para uma área difícil, onde as fontes de água eram limitadas e a busca por comida era difícil. Eventualmente, houve uma batalha definida; não está claro se Masinissa escolheu lutar ou foi compelido pelas manobras de Asdrúbal. A luta durou um dia inteiro, mas sem resultado. É possível que a luta consistisse principalmente em ataques e contra-ataques de cavalaria enquanto lançavam dardos uns contra os outros, e esse pequeno combate corpo a corpo ocorreu. A batalha foi supostamente assistida pelo neto adotivo de Africano, Cipião Emiliano, que estava na Numídia para obter elefantes de guerra para o exército romano do aliado de seu avô adotivo.

Asdrúbal retirou seu exército para o topo de uma colina, fortificou seu acampamento e entrou em negociações com Masinissa, usando Emiliano como intermediário. Como os cartagineses não estavam dispostos a entregar Suba e Asásis a Masinissa para punição, as negociações fracassaram. Enquanto isso, os númidas construíram suas próprias fortificações em um amplo círculo ao redor da base da colina em que os cartagineses estavam acampados. Isso impediu os cartagineses de procurar comida, ou mesmo de partir como um exército sem uma luta dura. Asdrúbal não estava disposto a comprometer seu exército com este último, especialmente porque acreditava que o exército da Numídia era uma confederação bárbara frouxa cujas linhas de abastecimento seriam mais esticadas do que as dele. Ele estava convencido de que, sem combate nem pilhagem, eles logo começariam a voltar para casa. Assim, os cartagineses consumiram os suprimentos de comida que tinham com eles, depois abateram e comeram seus animais de carga. Com estes desaparecidos, eles mataram e comeram suas montarias de cavalaria. Sem lenha para queimar para tornar essa dieta mais saborosa, os cartagineses queimaram os componentes de madeira de seus escudos e outros equipamentos.

Durante seu longo reinado, Masinissa criou um exército bem disciplinado com logística mais eficiente do que quando os cartagineses o enfrentaram pela última vez, 50 anos antes. Essa força surpreendeu os cartagineses com sua capacidade de se manter no campo por um período prolongado. Eventualmente, a doença atingiu o acampamento cartaginês e Asdrúbal foi forçado a se render. Foram impostas condições humilhantes, incluindo o pagamento de uma enorme indenização. Enquanto os soldados cartagineses se rendiam, foram atacados pela cavalaria númida liderada pelo filho de Masinissa, Gulussa. Não está claro se isso foi com a conivência de Masinissa. O historiador moderno William Harris sugere que Gulussa foi encorajada pelos romanos neste ataque. As baixas sofridas pelos cartagineses também não são claras: Harris afirma que "muito poucos voltaram para casa", Nigel Bagnall escreve sobre "poucos sobreviventes" e Adrian Goldsworthy que "muitos [foram] abatidos". Todas as fontes concordam que Asdrúbal e a maioria de seus oficiais sobreviveram e retornaram a Cartago. Lá Asdrúbal foi condenado à morte, em uma tentativa de aplacar Roma. Os númidas assumiram os Grandes Campos () e a cidade de Tusca (moderna Sers) no que hoje é o noroeste da Tunísia. A luta, a rendição e o massacre provavelmente terminaram no final de .

Consequências
Cartago havia pago sua indenização a Roma, imposta cinquenta anos antes no final da Primeira Guerra Púnica, em , e estava prosperando economicamente, mas não era uma ameaça militar para Roma. No entanto, há muito tempo havia uma facção dentro do Senado Romano que desejava tomar uma ação militar contra Cartago. Usando a ação militar ilícita cartaginesa como pretexto, Roma começou a preparar uma expedição punitiva. As embaixadas cartaginesas tentaram negociar com Roma, que respondeu de forma evasiva. A grande cidade portuária norte-africana de Útica, cerca de 55 quilômetros ao norte de Cartago, desertou para Roma em . Ciente de que o porto de Útica facilitaria muito qualquer ataque a Cartago, o Senado e a Assembleia Popular de Roma declararam guerra a Cartago.

Um grande exército romano desembarcou em Útica. Os cartagineses esperavam apaziguar os romanos, mas apesar dos cartagineses terem entregado todas as suas armas, os romanos continuaram a sitiar a cidade de Cartago, iniciando a Terceira Guerra Púnica. A campanha romana sofreu repetidos reveses ao longo de . Um novo comandante romano assumiu em , e se saiu igualmente mal. Na eleição anual dos magistrados romanos no início de  Cipião Emiliano foi nomeado cônsul e comandante na África. Cipião apertou o cerco e derrotou uma surtida naval cartaginesa. Ele então liderou uma forte força que invadiu o acampamento do exército de campo de Cartago e forçou a rendição da maioria das vilas e cidades que ainda apoiavam Cartago. Na primavera de  Cipião lançou o ataque final dos romanos e durante seis dias destruiu sistematicamente a cidade e matou seus habitantes. Somente no último dia foram feitos prisioneiros, 50.000 deles, que foram vendidos como escravos. Os antigos territórios cartagineses tornaram-se a província romana da África com Útica como sua capital.

Bibliografia

151 a.C.
Oróscopa

Batalha de Oróscopa


Rida, rida ranka est une comptine populaire des pays nordiques.

Zacharias Topelius a publié une variante de Rida, rida ranka dans sa collection  en 1871. Il s'agit d'une nouvelle sur la reine Blanche de Namur, épouse du roi Magnus  de Suède, qui chante la chanson pour son fils Håkan, qui deviendra roi de Norvège. L'histoire met en scène Marguerite, la fille de Valdemar, roi de Danemark, mariée à l'âge de 10 ans à Håkan.

Cette interprétation de Topelius a inspiré l'artiste Albert Edelfelt pour sa peinture La Reine Blanche, qui à son tour a inspiré le professeur  pour la chanson Rida ranka, sur une musique du compositeur .

Des centaines de disques et d'enregistrements de différentes variantes peuvent être trouvés aux .

Variation du recueil de chansons Visbok, 1923
Rida rida Ranka
hästen heter Blanka
Vart ska vi rida?
Till en liten piga
Vad kan hon heta?
Jungfru Margareta
den tjocka och den feta
...
Version d'Hans Henric Hallbäcks
Rida, rida ranka,
hästen heter Blanka.
Liten riddare så rar
ännu inga sporrar har.
När han dem har vunnit,
barndomsro försvunnit.
...

Source
 .

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Conte par Topelius :  ;  Blankan Ratsastaja

Chanson enfantine

Rida, rida ranka


István Nemere, né le  à Pécs en Hongrie, est un écrivain de science-fiction, traducteur et espérantiste hongrois.

Biographie

Jeunesse et études
István Nemere nait le  à Pécs, en Hongrie. Son père, Ferenc Nemere (Niedermayer de son vrai nom), est ophtalmologue. Sa mère, Mária Nemere, née Kiss, est infirmière. Il grandit à Tihany. De 1951 à 1963, il étudie à Veszprém.

En 1962, István Nemere apprend l'espéranto.

En 1966, il épouse la polonaise Teresa Kuryłowicz. Il déménage en Pologne, où il travaille à la bibliothèque de l'université Copernic, située à Toruń. Teresa Nemere parle l'espéranto, donne des cours d'apprentissage de la langue à l'université de Toruń et utilise cette langue pendant près de 40 ans dans son travail au musée etnographique de Toruń.

En 1972, il rentre en Hongrie, s'installe à Esztergom et étudie le métier de libraire à l'université Loránd-Eötvös de Budapest, dont il est diplômé en 1975.

Carrière d'auteur
En 1971, István Nemere gagne le concours organisé par le cercle littéraire . Après avoir obtenu cette récompense, il met en pause son activité espérantiste pendant près de 10 ans.

En 1974, István Nemere publie son premier livre . Puis, en 1977 le second , en 1979 le troisième  et en 1980, le quatrième . Dès lors, son travail d'auteur lui permet de vivre. Il publie plus de 700 livres.

En 1983, lors de la convention européenne annuelle de la science-fiction, il est codistingué, avec l'auteur britannique Christopher Priest, meilleur auteur européen de science-fiction.

En 1991, István Nemere cofonde la branche espérantophone du Centre PEN et en occupe la présidence de 1991 à 1999, puis entre 2022 et 2004.

Critiques de l'œuvre

Œuvres

En hongrois

En espéranto

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Annexes

Bibliographie

Liens externes

 Kortárs magyar írók

Naissance en novembre 1944
Naissance à Pécs
Espérantiste hongrois
Espérantisation en 1962
Écrivain hongrois du XXe siècle
Écrivain hongrois du XXIe siècle
Écrivain hongrois de science-fiction
Écrivain hongrois d'expression espérantophone
Traducteur hongrois du XXe siècle
Traducteur hongrois du XXIe siècle

István Nemere


نصف الماراثون هو اختبار تحمل في رياضة ألعاب القوى وتبلغ مسافته 21,1 كلم أو ما يعادل نصف مسافة الماراثون. ولكنه غير مدرج في ألعاب القوى المشهورة كالألعاب الأولمبية وبطولة العالم لألعاب القوى، ولكن من 1992 إلى 2005 بدأت تقام بطولة عالمية لنصف الماراثون حيث نظمها الاتحاد الدولي لألعاب القوى، لتستبدل بالبطولة العالمية للعدو على الطرقات بمسافة تقدر ب 20 كلم.

شعبية نصف الماراثون

يمارس الرياضيون الهواة هذه الرياضة لأن مسافتها كافية لخلق تحد، حيث لا يصاب الجسم عادة بالتعب العضلي في مسافة أقل من 30 كلم لأن مخزون الجليكوجين لا ينضب عادة قبل بلوغ هذه المسافة.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 الماراثون
 بطولة العالم لنصف الماراثون

فعاليات ألعاب القوى
نصف ماراثون

نصف الماراثون


Aldrovani Menon (født 30. juli 1972) er en tidligere brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Yokohama Flügels.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Aldrovani Menon


Audrey Stevenson, née à Paris le  et morte à La Celle-Saint-Cloud le , est une jeune chrétienne française morte de leucémie à huit ans, réputée pour sa sainteté.

Biographie
Audrey Stevenson naît à Paris le  au sein d'une famille aisée, dont elle est la deuxième enfant. Ses parents sont d'origine américaine, installés à Paris. Ils sont catholiques, mais peu pratiquants, allant simplement à la messe.

Audrey se révèle très précoce. Ses parents s'inquiètent parfois de la précocité et de la vivacité intellectuelle de leur enfant, mais son caractère enjoué et sa gaité les rassurent. Âgée de trois ans, après une visite à la maison de sainte Thérèse de Lisieux puis au couvent, elle déclare qu'elle veut entrer au Carmel.

Lorsqu'ils déménagent peu après, Audrey dessine un crucifix et le place sur un mur de sa chambre. Elle en place aussi dans les autres chambres, et fait de même dans chaque lieu où ils résident quelque temps.

À cinq ans, Audrey demande à faire sa première communion. Trois prêtres l'interrogent successivement et déclarent qu'elle est prête. Sa famille l'accompagne alors à Lourdes, où elle reçoit la communion pour la première fois le 15 août 1989. Elle accentue ensuite son amour quotidien pour Jésus par la prière, et elle se réfère toujours à Lui dans les actions quotidiennes. Elle influence et transforme progressivement son entourage. Elle insiste pour dire le bénédicité avant les repas et obtient que cela devienne habituel.

L'année suivante, elle a une pneumonie et doit passer beaucoup de temps isolée. Elle en profite pour s'adonner davantage à la prière et au chant.

Les symptômes de la leucémie lui sont identifiés en 1990, elle a sept ans. Elle est alors souvent hospitalisée et doit subir des traitements lourds. Pendant plusieurs mois, elle subit de la radiothérapie, de la chimiothérapie, des ponctions lombaires.

Une chaîne de prière s'organise autour d'elle, commençant localement par un chapelet, et se répandant en France et à l'étranger.

Son courage et sa foi impressionnent son entourage et le personnel hospitalier. Elle souffre mais elle invoque Jésus et la croix, elle dit et répète qu'elle est sur la croix.

Une greffe de moelle osseuse échoue, il ne lui reste que trois semaines à vivre. Elle est emmenée à Lourdes puis à Rome, où elle assiste à la messe privée du pape Jean-Paul II et peut lui parler en entretien privé. À son retour, elle accepte de recevoir les gens qui viennent de différents endroits de France, pour lui demander de prier à leurs intentions . Elle reçoit le sacrement des malades et la confirmation.

Audrey Stevenson meurt le .

Cause pour la béatification
Beaucoup de grâces sont attribuées à l'intercession d'Audrey Stevenson. La cause pour sa béatification a été évoquée.

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 .
  .
 .
 .

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des saints du  siècle

Liens externes

Serviteur de Dieu
Naissance en mars 1983
Naissance dans le 17e arrondissement de Paris
Décès en août 1991
Décès à La Celle-Saint-Cloud
Décès à 8 ans
Mort d'une leucémie

Audrey Stevenson


HMS Fiji was the lead ship of her class of 11 light cruisers built for the Royal Navy shortly before the Second World War. Completed in mid-1940, she was initially assigned to the Home Fleet and was detached to escort a force tasked to force French West Africa to join the Free French. The ship was torpedoed en route and required six months to be repaired. Fiji was then assigned to Force H where she helped to escort convoys to Malta. The ship was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in early May 1941. After the Germans invaded Crete a few weeks later, she was sunk by German aircraft on 22 May after having fired off all of her anti-aircraft ammunition.

Description
Fiji displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. They had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . The ships were powered by four Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one shaft, using steam provided by four Admiralty 3-drum boilers. The turbines developed a total of  and gave a maximum speed of . Fiji had a metacentric height of  at deep load. The Fiji class carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of  at . The ships' complement was 733 officers and ratings in peacetime and 900 during war.

The armament of the Fiji-class ships consisted of a dozen BL 6-inch (152 mm) Mk XXIII guns in four three-gun turrets, one superfiring pair fore and aft of the superstructure. Their secondary armament consisted of eight 4-inch (102 mm) Mk XVI dual-purpose guns in four twin turrets. Anti-aircraft defence for Fiji was provided by two quadruple 2-pounder () ("pom-poms") AA guns and two quadruple mounts for Vickers  AA machineguns. The cruisers also carried two above-water triple torpedo tube mounts for  torpedoes, one mount on each broadside.

The Fiji class lacked a full waterline armour belt. The sides of their boiler and engine rooms and the magazines were protected by  of armour. The deck over the propulsion machinery spaces and magazines was reinforced to a thickness of  and the main-gun turrets had only splinter protection  thick. They carried an aircraft catapult and two Supermarine Sea Otter or Walrus seaplanes.

Construction and career
Fiji, the only ship of the Royal Navy to be named after the Crown colony of Fiji, was laid down by John Brown & Company at their Clydebank shipyard on 30 March 1938. The ship was launched on 31 May 1939 and completed on 5 May 1940. She was the first of the Fiji class to enter service (Royal Navy classes were generally named after the lead ship of a class). She was initially assigned to the Home Fleet. On 31 August 1940 she sailed for the African Atlantic coast to take part in Operation Menace, the attack on Dakar, but before she could join the taskforce, Fiji was damaged by a torpedo from the  on 1 September and had to return to Britain for repairs, which lasted for the next six months. The torpedo hit abreast the forward boiler room and most of the force of the detonation escaped up the forward funnel, but the boiler room and an adjacent compartment flooded, reducing her speed to . The flooding gave her a list to port; to counter it the ammunition from the forward turrets was thrown overboard and the portside torpedoes were ejected over the side. While under repair she was fitted with a Type 284 gunnery radar and another pair of quadruple Vickers 0.50-inch AA machineguns were added.

She returned to service in March 1941 and was assigned to patrol the Denmark Strait for German commerce raiders. She missed the homeward-bound heavy cruiser  on 26–27 March, and in early April she was reassigned to Force H at Gibraltar to blockade the German heavy ships then stationed at Brest. With Force H, she sailed into the Mediterranean to support operations to relieve the island of Malta in late April. On 5 May Force H departed Gibraltar to escort a heavily-laden convoy bound for Egypt (Operation Tiger); Force H only escorted the convoy halfway through the Mediterranean before the Mediterranean Fleet took over. Fiji joined the fleet at that time.

Battle of Crete

British intelligence anticipated that the Germans would attack the island of Crete on 17 May and Admiral Andrew Cunningham, commander of the Mediterranean Fleet, ordered his ships to sea on the 15th. Force B, Fiji and the light cruiser  were tasked to patrol west of the island. The Germans began landing paratroopers on 20 May when Force B was en route to rendezvous with the battleships  and  and their escorts west of Crete. The ships rendezvoused the following morning and German air attacks began a few hours later, although with little effect other than to help exhaust the ships' anti-aircraft ammunition. That afternoon, Cunningham ordered the cruisers to disperse into their original groups and search for any troop convoys in the Aegean. The Germans spotted Force B shortly after dawn on 22 May as the cruisers were steaming south to rendezvous with the battleships again. Fiji was not hit during these attacks, but was damaged by near misses that knocked out her aft anti-aircraft director.

Force B made the rendezvous with Force A1 (Rear Admiral H B Rawlings) and Force D (Rear Admiral Irvine Glennie) at about 08:30 and the combined force was ordered to report on their levels of high-angle anti-aircraft ammunition. Of the cruisers,  had 40%,  38%, Fiji 30%,  25% and Gloucester only 18%. Ajax, Orion and Dido were ordered to return to Alexandria with Glennie's Force D to rearm but Gloucester and Fiji remained with Rawlings' Force A1.

At 12:25 Force A1, stationed 20 to 30 miles west of Antikythera, received a request from Rear Admiral Edward Leigh Stuart King to support the damaged  and the rest of his Force C. Force A1 headed east into the Kythera Channel, rendezvousing with Force C between 13:30 and 14:00. As the more senior admiral, King took command, with air attacks now inflicting damage on both forces. At 14:02 and 14:07 respectively, Fiji and Gloucester were detached to provide anti-aircraft support for the destroyers  and . The two destroyers having already been ordered to rescue the survivors of the destroyer , which had been sunk at 13:50. Writing in despatches after the battle, Cunningham stated that King was unaware of the shortage of anti-aircraft ammunition in Fiji and Gloucester. At 14:13 King and Rawlings exchanged messages about the shortage of ammunition within both Force C and Force A1, with Rawlings expressing concern about the orders given to Gloucester and Fiji. Following this communication, King issued an order to recall both Gloucester and Fiji at 14:57.

The Luftwaffe focused its attention on the four ships dispatched to Greyhound and they were under near-constant attack for several hours. By 15:30, while attempting to rejoin Force A1, Fiji had exhausted her supply of  anti-aircraft ammunition and was reduced to firing practice rounds. She closed on Gloucester at 15:50, right when that ship was struck by four bombs and was near-missed by three others. Fiji dropped life rafts, but was forced to depart the area with the two destroyers. These ships fought on and shot down one attacker and severely damaged two others. The aerial attacks continued despite the heavy cloud cover; at 19:00 a Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter bomber struck the cruiser amidships with a bomb. The forward boiler and engine rooms flooded and gave her a severe list. Despite this damage Fiji was able to maintain a speed of  until another Bf 109 hit her with another bomb that increased her list to 30 degrees. Abandon ship was ordered in the face of the uncontrollable flooding and she capsized around 19:30. Her accompanying destroyers were unable to rescue any of the crew until after dark when almost all of them were recovered.  Kit Tanner, the ship's chaplain, was posthumously awarded the Albert Medal (since replaced by the George Cross) for repeatedly entering the sea to rescue men from the water.

On 30 May 1941, in a letter to the First Sea Lord, Sir Dudley Pound,  Cunningham wrote, "The sending back of Gloucester and Fiji to Greyhound was another grave error and cost us those two ships. They were practically out of ammunition, but even had they been full up I think they would have gone. The Commanding Officer of Fiji told me that the air over Gloucester was black with planes."

Following the loss of both Fiji and Gloucester to air attacks after their anti-aircraft ammunition was exhausted, all British cruisers were instructed to not allow their anti-aircraft ammunition reserves to fall below 40%.

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
WWII cruisers
HMS Fiji at Uboat.net
The True Experiences of Mr Leonard Charles, a crewman aboard the ship

Crown Colony-class cruisers of the Royal Navy
Ships built on the River Clyde
1939 ships
World War II cruisers of the United Kingdom
World War II shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea
Maritime incidents in May 1941
Ships sunk by aircraft during the Battle of Crete
Ships sunk by German aircraft
Cruisers sunk by aircraft
Shipwrecks of Greece

HMS Fiji (58)


Winners and Nominees

Films with multiple nominations
These films received multiple nominations:

See also

 1993 in film
 66th Academy Awards
 47th British Academy Film Awards
 51st Golden Globe Awards

References

Golden Raspberry Awards
Golden Raspberry Awards ceremonies
Golden Raspberry Awards
Golden Raspberry Awards
Golden Raspberry Awards
Golden Raspberry

14th Golden Raspberry Awards


Vâlceaua "La Humărie" este un monument al naturii de tip geologic sau paleontologic în raionul Dubăsari, Republica Moldova. Este amplasat la vest de satul Ustia pe panta stângă a râului Răut, ocolul silvic Criuleni, Răculești, parcela 10, subparcelele 8-18. Are o suprafață de 64 ha. Obiectul este administrat de Gospodăria Silvică de Stat Chișinău.

Galerie de imagini

Referințe

Legături externe

La Humărie, Vâlceaua
Raionul Dubăsari (Republica Moldova)

Vâlceaua „La Humărie”


A Olimpíada de Matemática da Unicamp, conhecida também pela sigla OMU, é uma olimpíada de conhecimento matemático realizada anualmente pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).

Criada em 1985 e subordinada ao Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica da universidade, a OMU possui o objetivo declarado de contribuir para a formação e o desenvolvimento matemático do alunado brasileiro.

Organização

Equipes e níveis
A olimpíada é desenvolvida em equipes de três alunos, com três fases ao todo e dois níveis de dificuldade disponíveis: Alfa (8º e 9º do fundamental) e Beta (ensino médio).

A OMU é realizada de forma online nas primeiras duas fases, com apenas a terceira e última fase sendo realizada de forma presencial, no campus da universidade.

Inscrições
A inscrição da equipe na competição pode ser realizada tanto pela professor (ou outro funcionário da instituição) tanto por um dos alunos, por meio do preenchimento de uma ficha de cadastro.

O processo de inscrição é pago, com as equipes de escolas públicas necessitando pagar R$ 50,00 e as equipes de escolas particulares necessitando pagar R$ 150,00. Entretanto, é importante mencionar que os estudantes das instituições públicas que tiverem suas famílias cadastradas no Bolsa Família podem solicitar a isenção da taxa.

Quando o pagamento for aceito e todos os membros da equipe confirmarem sua participação na competição, a inscrição finalmente será confirmada.

Ligações externas

 Perfil oficial do Instagram
 Site oficial

Referências

Olimpíadas do conhecimento
Competições científicas do Brasil

Olimpíada de Matemática da Unicamp


Calosiphoniaceae, porodica crvenih algi, dio reda Gigartinales. Postoje dva priznata roda s ukupno osam vrsta.

Rodovi
 Calosiphonia P.Crouan & H.Crouan  3 vrste
 Schmitzia P.C.Silva 5 vrsta

Izvori

Gigartinales

Calosiphoniaceae


Enigma er et musikalsk new-age projekt fra Tyskland, der blev dannet af Michael Cretu, David Fairstein og Frank Peterson. Den rumænsk-fødte Cretu udtænkte Enigma-projektet mens han arbejdede i Tyskland, men lod musikken indspille i A.R.T. Studios i Ibiza, Spanien, fra 1990'erne til maj 2009. Cretu er både komponist og producer på projektet. Hans tidligere kone, popsangeren Sandra, sang ofte vokal på Enigmas numre. Jens Gad var medarrangør og spillede guitar på tre Enigmaalbums. Peter Cornelius bidrog også til Enigma i 1990'erne.

Blandt projektets mest berømte sange er "Return to Innocence" og "Sadeness (Part I)".

Diskografi
 MCMXC a.D. (1990)
 The Cross of Changes (1993)
 Le Roi est mort, vive le Roi! (1996)
 The Screen Behind the Mirror (2000)
 Voyageur (2003)
 A posteriori (2006)
 Seven Lives Many Faces (2008)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Crocodile-Music.de  (Official Enigma management website)
 Enigma Music TV (Official Enigma YouTube Channel)

Musikgrupper fra 1990
Musikgrupper fra Tyskland

Enigma (musikprojekt)


Antarah ibn Shaddad al-Absi (, ʿAntarah ibn Shaddād al-ʿAbsī; AD 525–608), also known as ʿAntar, was a pre-Islamic African-Arab knight and poet, famous for both his poetry and his adventurous life.  His chief poem forms part of the Mu'allaqāt, the collection of seven "hanging odes" legendarily said to have been suspended in the Kaaba at Mecca. The account of his life forms the basis of a long and extravagant romance.

Life

ʿAntarah was born in Najd in the Arabian Peninsula. His father was Shaddād al-ʿAbsī, a respected warrior of the Banu Abs under their chief Zuhayr. His mother was an Ethiopian woman named Zabībah. Described as an "Arab crow" (al-aghribah al-'Arab) owing to his dark complexion,ʿAntarah grew up a slave as well. He fell in love with his cousin ʿAblah, but could not hope to marry her owing to his position. He also gained the enmity of his father's wife Sammeah.

He gained attention and respect for himself by his personal qualities and courage in battle, excelling as an accomplished poet and a mighty warrior. He earned his freedom after another tribe invaded the lands of the Banu ʿAbs. When his father said to him, "ʿAntarah, fight with the warriors", he replied that "the slave doesn't know how to invade or how to defend, but is only good for milking goats and serving his masters". His father answered him: "Defend your tribe, O ʿAntar, and you are free". After defeating the invaders, he sought to gain permission to marry his cousin. To secure allowance to marry, Antarah had to face challenges including getting a special kind of camel from the Northern Arab Lakhmid Kingdom, then under al-Nu'man III ibn al-Mundhir. ʿAntarah took part in the great war between the related tribes of ʿAbs and Dhubyān, which began over a contest of horses, and was named after them the war of Dāhis and Ghabrā.

The time and manner of his death are a matter of dispute. Ibn Duraid has him slain by Wasr ibn Jabir or in battle against the Tayy, while according to Abu Obeida he died a natural death in old age.

ʿAntarah's poetry is well preserved and often talks of chivalrous values, courage, and heroism in battle as well as his love for ʿAbla. It was immortalized when one of his poems was included in the Mu'allaqat, the collection of poems legendarily said to have been suspended in the Kaaba.  His poetry's historical and cultural importance stems from its detailed descriptions of battles, armour, weapons, horses, desert, and other themes from his time.

Legacy

The story of ʿAntar and ʿAbla was embroidered into a poetic saga traditionally credited to al-Asmaʿi, a poet in the court of Hārūn al-Rashīd. It is still recited by traditional story-tellers in Arab coffee houses. Its importance has been compared with English literature's Arthurian romances. His house and his stable were particularly legendary. One of the seven clans of Bethlehem is called the Anatreh, named after  ʿAntarah. It formerly acted as the guardians of the Church of the Nativity.

The Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov wrote his Symphony No. 2 based on the legend of ʿAntar. In 1898 the French painter Étienne Dinet published his translation of a 13th-century epic Arab poem Antar, which brought Antar bin Shaddad to European notice.  It has been followed by a number of derivative works such as Diana Richmond's Antar and Abla which furthered western exposure to the Antar bin Shaddad legends. "Antar" is the title of the first Palestinian opera, composed by the Palestinian musician Mustapha al-Kurd in 1988.

The Lebanese painter Rafic Charaf developed from the 1960s a series of paintings depicting the epics of Antar and Abla. These works that show his interest in the popular folklore of the region are considered a cornerstone in the artist's work.

In the late 1940s the British Lorry Manufacturer Thornycroft began the design of an oilfield tractor to carry pipes for the Anglo-Persian oil
`company which later became the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.  The chosen name for the new Thornycroft tractor, which at the time was one of the largest tractors in the world, was the Thornycroft Mighty Antar.  The Antar moniker was chosen with reference to the mighty Warrior Antar.

Works
Antara's poems are published in Wilhelm Ahlwardt's The Divans of the six ancient Arabic poets (London, 1870); they have also been published separately at Beirût (1888). As regards their genuineness, cf. W. Ahlwardt's Bemerkungen über die Aechtheit der alten arabischen Gedichte (Greifswald, 1872), pp. 50ff. The Romance of 'Antar (Sīrat 'Antar ibn Shaddād) is a work which was long handed down by oral tradition only; it has grown to immense proportions and has been published in 32 vols. at Cairo (1889), and in 10 vols. at Beirût, 1871. It was partly translated by Terrick Hamilton under the title  'Antar, a Bedoueen Romance (4 vols, London, 1820). In addition, Sīrat 'Antar was translated into Turkish by the order of Fatih Sultan Mehmed in 1477 AD. The translator of the Turkish translation in three volumes is unknown. The manuscript copies of the Turkish translation known as "Qıssa-i 'Antar" are available in the Topkapı Palace Museum Library.

See also
 Arabic literature & romance literature
 Banu Abs
 Thornycroft Antar - British pipeline tractor named after his strength and endurance

Notes

References

Attribution

External links

English translation of Antara's Hanged Poem
another link to the same
The Hanged Poem of Antara (Arabic)
The Hanged Poem of Antara "another version" (Arabic)
Antar of Antarah, translated by Terrick Hamilton

6th-century Arabic-language poets
7th-century Arabic-language poets
Arab people of Ethiopian descent
Medieval Arabic literature
Love in Arabic literature
525 births
608 deaths
Ghatafan

Antarah ibn Shaddad


Telipteris (zelenka; lat. Thelypteris), rod trajnica papratnjača iz porodice Thelypteridaceae, dio reda osladolike. U rod se uključivalo preko 1100 vrsta raširenih po svim kontinetima, ali su sve osim dvije vrste izdvojene u druge rodove.

U Hrvatskoj je poznata močvarna zelenka, Thelypteris palustris.

Vrste
 Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) C.V.Morton
 Thelypteris palustris Schott

Sinonimi
 Asterochlaena C.Chr.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Thelypteridaceae

Telipteris


Katsutoshi Domori (født 29. juni 1976) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Cerezo Osaka og Albirex Niigata.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Katsutoshi Domori


مدرسة الفلاح  إحدى أربع المدارس القديمة في دبي منها: المدرسة السالمية و
مدرسة السعادة والمدرسة الأحمدية (دبي)، أسسها تاجر اللؤلؤ التاجر الحجازي المعروف الشيخ
محمد علي رضا زينل في عام 1927 للميلاد في منطقة بر دبي. ولمزيد من الفائدة نذكر أن « الشيخ محمد علي رضا زينل » زار مدينة دبي في وقت سابق على ذلك ووقف بنفسه على مدى احتياج البلاد لنشر العلم وإنشاء المدارس. لذلك أسَس مدرسة الفلاح المذكورة ببر دبي. في عمارة(1) الشيخ المر بن حريز والد الشيخة حصة بنت المر. ويقع مكانها حالياً بجانب مبنى وزارة المالية في بر دبي. وكانت عبارة عن أرض واسعة مسورة بحائط يشغل واجهتها بناء أرضي مستطيل مقسم إلى دكاكين بأبواب وشبابيك كثيرة يستغلّ عمارة للبيع والشراء.

تأسيس مدرسة الفلاح
كان تأسيس المدرسة حسب ما يتذكره بعض المعاصرين لها في حدود عام1346هـ الموافق 1927 م، وان كان هذا التذكر ليتأيد بما يشبه التأكيد من أن إنشاء المدرسة كان سابقاً على عام 1348هـ. لأن الشيخ أحمد بن عبد الله بن ظبوي يروي بأنه أدخل مدرسة الفلاح وهو صغير للدراسة في عام 1348 للهجرة. وكان الشيخ محمد نور سيف وقتها في المدرسة وان دخوله للمدرسة كما يروي الشيخ ابن ظبوي لم يكن من بداية تأسيسها وانما بعد فترة من ذلك. فيما يعني افتتاحها قبل ذلك العام. لذلك فان عام 1346 هـ هو العام الذي أنشئت فيه مدرسة الفلاح ببردبي ان لم يكن ذلك حسب تقديري.

عبد الرحمن بن حافظ مديراً للمدرسة
وما يزيد هذا التأكيد أنني حصلت على شهادة صادر للطالب أحمد بن سعيد بن غباش من مدرسة الفلاح بدبي في 25 جمادي الثانية سنة 1348 هـ الموافق 27/11/1929م، بأمضاء مديرها الشيخ عبد الرحمن بن حافظ تفيد نجاح الطالب من الدرجة الثالثة إلى الدرجة الرابعة. أي من الفصل الثالث إلى الفصل الرابع، بالرتبة الأولى. ويبين منها عدد المواد الدراسية لهذه السنة وتقديرات الطالب فيها مع الدرجات في جميع المواد وبجانبه مجموع الدرجات الكاملة وكلمة « اليكون» (2). وقد حصل الطالب المذكور وقتها على 148 درجة من مجموع 150 درجة. وهذه الشهادة مطبوعة بالمطبعة الحجازية كما هو مكتوب على جانب منها، والتي يفيد الأستاذ عمران سالم العويس أن مقرها كان في مدينة بومباي باالهند.

الدروس المقررة على الطلبة
الدروس المقررة على الطلبة في الفصل الثالث كما يبين من الشهادة هي:
 القرآن الكريم نظراً.. أي تلاوة.
 حفظ جزء تبارك وعمّ.
 حديث.
 التوحيد.
 فقه.
 السيرة النبوية.
 التجويد.
 أخلاق.
 النحو.
 الحساب.
 الخط.
 إملاء.
 السلوك.
 المواظبة.

والمتمعّن في هذه المواد للفصل الثالث في ذلك الوقت مقارناً بها المواد المقررة على ذات الفصل في حاضرنا المعاصر يجد انها أكثر من حيث العدد حيث يبلغ مجموعها إحدى عشرة مادة فضلا عن مادة الأخلاق والسلوك والمواظبة، ويرى كذلك انها مواد أكثر عمقا ومستوى من المواد الحاضرة، بما يجعل مستوى ما يحصل عليه الطالب في السابق من العلوم الدينية والعربية أفضل من تحصيله في هذا الوقت.

التعليم النظامي
يمكنني أن أذهب بأن التعليم النظامي بدأ في البلاد بتأسيس  مدرسة الفلاح  عام 1346هـ. وان كان قبل ذلك موجوداً في « المدرسة الأحمدية » لدى الأساتذة الزبيريين ولكنه كان نسبياً غير مكتمل البنية والتفاصيل. ولكن بإنشاء « مدرسة الفلاح » أصبح التعليم لدينا نظامياً في جميع أحواله. فهناك المدرسون الأكفاء، والمواد الدراسية، والفصول الدراسية، والحضور والغياب للطلبة، والأختبار السنوي النهائي حيث أشير في نهاية الشهادة بأن الطالب فد أجرى عليه الاختبار السنوي، وغير ذلك من الأمور المتعلقة بالعملية التعليمية والتربية في أجمل وأشرق صورها. والطالب صاحب هذه الشهادة هو احمد بن سعيد بن غباش عضو المجلس الوطني الاتحادي السابق. وفي هذه الشهادة ما يؤكد إنشاء مدرسة الفلاح بدبي قبل عام 1348 للهجرة، بفترة أي في عام 1346 هـ. أو قبل ذلك. لأن استتاب تنظيم المدرسة وترتيب أمورها وطبع شهادات لطلبتها يحتاج لوقت كافٍ.

اهتمام الشيخ محمد على زينل بالمدرسة
لقد وفر الشيخ محمد علي رضا زينل لمدرسة الفلاح كامل احتياجاتها من المدرسين والكتب والمصاريف اللازمة. واغدق عليها من كرمه وفيض سخائه الخيّر المعروف عنه. ولم تعرف المدرسة في عهده أيّ حاجة لغيره. فقد كفاها وأسبغ عليها من عطائه ما مكَنها من أداء رسالتها التعليمية على خير وجه. وكان يهتم بها اهتماماً بالغاً ويرعاها بعناية فائقة فقد كانت تعيش في قلبه ووجدانه. وكان يأتي لزيارتها بين الفينة والأخرى، فيفرح بقدومه ويستبشر لزيارته. ويخرج الأهالي للترحيب به. ويستقبله الحكام بحفاوة وتقدير بالغ. وتقام له الاحتفالات في المدرسة تعبيراً عما تكنه الصدور له من حب ومودة، وابتهاجاً بهذه المناسبة التي يشرف فيها المدرسة ليرى بعينه ثمار غرسه ولم تقتصر سخاؤه على مدرسة الفلاح وحدها. وانما شمل برعايته المدارس الأخرى الموجودة في الساحة وقتها كالأحمدية والسعادة أيضاً فساهم في تمويلها والصرف عليها. كما وأسس مكتبة ملحقة بالمدرسة تحت اسم
« مكتبة الفلاح » رفدها بأنواع الكتب والمراجع خدمة للعلم والثقافة فجزاه الله لما قدم خير الجزاء وأجزل المثوبة. انه سميع الدعاء.

وما يجدر ذكره عن هذا الرجل أنه كان طموحاً لأن يقدم إلى التعليم في دبي مساهمة أكبر وأجدى، فكان ينوي بناء مدرسة كبيرة تحت اسم (الفلاح) تضم فصولاً وأقساماً كثيرة، وقد بدأ فعلاً في تنفيذ ما عزم عليه، فاستحصل من الشيخ سعيد بن مكتوم آل مكتوم على قطعة أرض كبيرة في بر دبي بجانب المدرسة القديمة للفلاح، من جانبها الغربي وقام بتسويرها تمهيداً لإقامة مدرسة نموذجية، تستوعب جميع الطلاب دراسيةً وإقامةً. وأحضر خرائط تصميمات مدرسة الفلاح بــجدة ليقام مبنى هذه المدرسة على غرار تلك الموجودة في مدينة جدة بالسعودية، في كامل شكلها وتفصيلاتها. ولو قدر لهذا المشروع أن يتم لكان معلماً تاريخياً وتعليمياً مهماً في حياة هذا البلد.

ولكن حال بين الشيخ محمد على زينل وبين هذه الأمال العريضة والطموحات الخيرية الهادفة الصادقة ما آل إليه وضعه المادي وحالته الاقتصادية الصعبة بسبب انهيار سوق اللؤلؤ. فبقي السور قائماً بعده شاهداً على حسن نواياه وصدق سريرته. وجدية مساهماته في مجال تعليم أبناء هذا البلد في وقت يعتبر التعليم فيه من أمس وأهم حاجات المجتمع وأرفع مطالبه التي يعجز عن تحقيقها. لقد استعملت قطعة الأرض هذه المسورة بعده للتدريس، فبُنيَت فيها فصول من السعف النخيل لهذه الغرض تحت اسم الفلاح أيضاً احياء لذكرى هذه المدرسة ومؤسسها « الشيخ محمد علي رضا زينل » واستمر التدريس فيها إلى أن توقف في فترة لاحقة بمجيء البعثة الكويتية للتدريس وذلك في عام 1956 للميلاد حيث انتقل التدريس منها إلى المدرسة الأحمدية.

  العمارة : هو مايشبه في الوقت الحاضر الوكالة التجارية، وهو عبارة عن مكان واسع لبيع مواد معينة كعمارة الحباي في السبخة لبيع الخضار والفواكة مثلاً، وغيرها من العمارات المتخصصة في مواد أخرى.
  اليكون : بمعنى المجموع.

المصادر
 بوملحة، إبراهيم، محمد، (أعلام من الإمارات) الطبعة الثالثة، دبى: سنة 1992 للميلاد.

انظر أيضا
 الشيخ عبد الرحمن بن حافظ
 الشيخ محمد علي رضا زينل
 المدرسة السالمية
 مدرسة السعادة
 المدرسة الأحمدية
 العلامة الشيخ محمد العبسي الأزهري اليماني
 الشيخ محمد نور سيف
 مدرسة الفلاح جدة

مدارس أسست في 1927
مدارس دبي
منشآت تاريخية إماراتية

مدرسة الفلاح (دبي)


Bei der Wachkraniotomie (engl. "awake craniotomy") handelt es sich um einen neurochirurgischen Eingriff am Gehirn (Kraniotomie), in dessen Verlauf der Patient nach der Öffnung der Schädeldecke (Trepanation) vorübergehend aufgeweckt wird.

Anwendung
Das Verfahren der Wachkraniotomie wird unter anderem eingesetzt, um zu ermitteln, inwieweit Hirngewebe (z. B. in der Nähe des Sprachzentrums) entfernt werden kann, ohne dass dadurch Ausfallerscheinungen ausgelöst werden. Hierzu werden in der Wachphase z. B. neuropsychologische Tests der Sprachfunktionen durchgeführt. Durch selektive elektrische Reizung (vgl. Elektrokortikografie) einzelner Hirnareale während dieser Testung kann dann die Lokalisation des Sprachzentrums bestimmt werden (sog. kortikales Mapping, engl. "cortical mapping" oder "brain mapping"). Diese Methode kann auch für die Lokalisation anderer (z. B. motorischer) Funktionen eingesetzt werden.

Anwendungsbereiche der Wachkraniotomie sind z. B. die Tumor- und Epilepsiechirurgie oder die stereotaktische Elektrodenimplantation für die tiefe Hirnstimulation (z. B. bei Morbus Parkinson).

Literatur
 Edward F. Chang et al.: Functional mapping–guided resection of low-grade gliomas in eloquent areas of the brain: improvement of long-term survival. In: J Neurosurg, 2011, Nr. 114, S. 566–573.
 Wolfgang J. Kox, Claudia D. Spies: Check-up Anästhesiologie. 2. Aufl. 2005, Heidelberg: Springer, ISBN 3-540-23093-9 (Kapitel Wachkraniotomie, S. 154–156).
 Ramesh L. Sahjpaul: Awake Craniotomy: Controversies, Indications and Techniques in the Surgical Treatment of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. In: Can. J. Neurol. Sci., 2000, Nr. 27, Suppl. 1, S. S55–S63
 Michael D. Taylor, Mark Bernstein: Awake craniotomy with brain mapping as the routine surgical approach to treating patients with supratentorial intraaxial tumors: a prospective trial of 200 cases. In: J Neurosurg, 1999, Nr. 90, S. 35–41.

Therapeutisches Verfahren in der Neurochirurgie
Operatives Therapieverfahren
Neuropsychologie

Wachkraniotomie


Mikkel Engvang Cramer (født 25. januar 1992) er dansk tidligere fodboldspiller.

Klubkarriere
Det blev offentliggjort den 28. juni 2016, at Cramer skiftede til Silkeborg IF, hvor han skrev under på en etårig kontrakt.

Den 5. juli 2018 indstillede Cramer fodboldkarrieren. Karrierestoppet skyldtes en knæskade.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Mikkel Cramer på danskfodbold.com

Fodboldspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra Sønderhald IF
Fodboldspillere fra Randers Freja
Fodboldspillere fra Randers FC
Fodboldspillere fra Akademisk Boldklub
Fodboldspillere fra AC Horsens
Fodboldspillere fra Skive IK
Fodboldspillere fra Silkeborg IF

Mikkel Cramer


Die Gabel als Wappenfigur ist in der Heraldik die Mist-, Heu- und Grabegabel und als landwirtschaftliches Gerät ein im Wappen gern benutztes Symbol. Trotz unterschiedlicher Verwendung dieser Gabelarten ist die Darstellung als Zinkenblatt mit entsprechender Zinkenanzahl am langen Stiel doch recht einheitlich. Die Farbgebung kann entsprechend der heraldischen Tingierung ohne Einschränkung angewandt werden. Silber und Gold sind hier bevorzugt. Wichtig ist die Angabe der Zinken in der Beschreibung des Wappens, da diese Zahl von zwei bis  "sehr viele" differiert und ein wichtiges Unterscheidungsmerkmal ist. Oft werden eine Gabel/Forke mit anderen landwirtschaftlichen Geräten in der Art eines Andreaskreuzes dargestellt. Die Wappenfigur wird auch nur mit dem Zinkenblatt gezeigt.
Nach dem Schildhaupt weisende Gabelzinken sind hier üblich. Falls die Richtung zum Schildfuß geht, muss dies in der Wappenbeschreibung erwähnt werden.

Siehe auch
 Heugabel
 Mistgabel
 Grabegabel

Literatur
 Walter Leonhard: Das große Buch der Wappenkunst. Entwicklung – Elemente – Bildmotive – Gestaltung. Lizenzausgabe. Bechtermünz, Augsburg 2001, ISBN 3-8289-0768-7.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Werkzeug (Heraldik)

Gabel (Heraldik)


An Microchilus glacensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Donald Dungan Dod, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Paul Ormerod. An Microchilus glacensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Microchilus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Microchilus (Orchidaceae)

Microchilus glacensis


Lee Hye-in (16 de janeiro de 1996) é uma esgrimista sul-coreana, medalhista olímpica.

Carreira

Hye-in conquistou a medalha de prata nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020 em Tóquio ao lado de Choi In-jeong, Kang Young-mi e Song Se-ra, após confronto contra as estonianas Julia Beljajeva, Irina Embrich, Erika Kirpu e Katrina Lehis na disputa de espada por equipes.

Esgrimistas olímpicos da Coreia do Sul
Esgrimistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Lee Hye-in


Simion Ghimpu (n. 24 mai 1939, Colonița – d. 27 iulie 2010) a fost un scriitor și poet liric din Republica Moldova, profesor universitar, membru al Uniunii Scriitorilor din Moldova. A compus texte pentru peste 100 de cântece, o parte dintre ele devenind șlagăre.

Biografie
Simion Ghimpu s-a născut la 24 mai 1939 în satul Colonița, lângă Chișinău, în familia Irinei și al lui Tudor Ghimpu. Tot acolo a și copilărit, alături de cei 4 frați ai săi: Gheorghe, Visarion, Valentina și Mihai. În 1957 a absolvit Școala Pedagogică din Călărași. Ulterior, a absolvit Universitatea de Stat din Moldova, facultatea de Istorie și Filologie (în 1964) și a făcut doctoratul la Academia de Arte din Moscova (în 1969).

Simion Ghimpu a fost membru al Uniunii Scriitorilor din Republica Moldova. A fost poet liric și a compus texte pentru peste 100 de cântece, conlucrând cu compozitori ca Eugen Doga, Ion Aldea Teodorovici, Mihai Dolgan, Arkady Luxemburg ș.a. Piesele sale au fost și mai sunt cântate de formațiile Noroc și Orizont, și de interpreții: Ion Suruceanu, Sofia Rotaru, Nadejda Cepraga, Anastasia Lazariuc, Nina Crulicovschi, Frații Bivol, Olga Ciolacu, Alexandru Lozanciuc, Radu Dolgan, Ana Barbu, Larisa Arsenie, Nicolae Cibotaru ș.a. Mai multe cântece după textele lui Simion Ghimpu au devenit șlagăre. Printre acestea se numără: Numai tu, Iubiți învățători, Ce rost are?, Amor, amor, Lacrima, Casa noastră și altele.

Un timp a predat dicția și limba română (cu caractere latine) studenților moldoveni la Institutul Teatral Lunacearski din Moscova. În 1969 și-a susținut teza de doctor în studiul artelor. A fost profesor universitar la Institutul de Arte "Gavriil Musicescu" din Chișinău până în anul 2000.

Primul său volum de versuri, Mereu, a apărut în 1995. A publicat cronici teatrale, eseuri, corespondențe, studii etnofolclorice și monografii didactice.

În cadrul unei serate de creație din 24 mai 2009, atunci când împlinise 70 de ani, Simion Ghimpu a lansat romanul autobiografic Viață pe muchie de cuțit, împreună cu un dublu CD Cântece pe versuri de Simion Ghimpu, care include 40 din cele mai cunoscute melodii al căror textier este el. În roman, autorul dezvăluie activitatea unui tânăr încadrat în opera de conștientizare a adevărului științific și istoric în condițiile Chișinăului și, mai târziu, ale Moscovei anilor '70.

Simion Ghimpu a murit la 27 iulie 2010. Sicriul cu trupul său a fost expus la Uniunea Scriitorilor, iar apoi a fost dus la biserica Sfânta Teodora de la Sihla. Înmormântarea sa a avut loc la Cimitirul Central din Chișinău, la funeralii participând poeți și scriitori ca Ion Hadârcă, Mihai Cimpoi și Ion Ciocanu. Traian Băsescu și Miheil Saakașvili și-au exprimat condolenanțele fratelui lui Simion, Mihai Ghimpu, care atunci era președinte interimar al Republicii Moldova.

Lucrări
Volume și cărți
 Plai de cînt, plai de dor (1981)
 Mereu (ed. Hyperion, 1995)
 Reversul sentimentelor (editura Ruxanda, 2000)
 Dincolo (editura Pontos, 2003)
 Ghici, ce-s? (2003)
 Descifrări (2004)
 Stare de spirit (2007)
 Ia să-mi spui tu, spui (versuri pentru copii, 2008)
 Jeep-ul și Sania de la Colonița (nuvelă umoristică, 2008)
 Viață pe muchie de cuțit (roman autobiografic, 2009)

Altele
Să vorbim corect și clar' (monografie didactică, 1988)Nunta și alte obiceiuri moldovenești (studiu etnofolcloric, 1990)

Aprecieri

Referințe

Bibliografie
 Literatura și arta Moldovei: Encicl. - Vol.1. - Chișinău, 1985.
 Mihai Cimpoi, O istorie deschisă a literaturii române din Basarabia. - Chișinău, 1996.
 Chișinău, Enciclopedie'', 1997, Ed. Museum

Legături externe
 Simion Ghimpu: "Sunt orbit de o lumină cerească"

Nașteri în 1939
Decese în 2010
Oameni din județul interbelic Lăpușna
Poeți moldoveni
Profesori universitari din Republica Moldova
Scriitori moldoveni
Români basarabeni
Înmormântări în Cimitirul Central din Chișinău
Absolvenți ai Universității de Stat din Moldova

Simion Ghimpu


Atıf Efendi Kütüphanesi, İstanbul'un Fatih ilçesinin Vefa semtinde, Vefa Caddesi'nde Başdefterdar ve divan sahibi bir şair olan Atıf Mustafa Efendi'nin 1741 yılında yaptırmış olduğu bağımsız binası olan bir kütüphanedir. Osmanlı devletinde bağımsız bir binaya sahip olan ikinci kütüphanedir.   Birinci kütüphane ise 1678 yılında Köprülü Fazıl Ahmet Paşa tarafından yaptırılan Köprülü Kütüphanesi'dir.

3.000 elyazmasıyla birlikte eski ve yeni basma eserleri 30.000 civarındadır. En önemli hibesi, Mehmet Zeki Pakalın koleksiyonudur. Kütüphanede bulunan yazma eserlerin tamamı dijital ortama aktarılmıştır.

Avlulu, bahçeli kütüphanenin anakapısı üzerindeki mermer kitabede şöyle yazar: Darül kütübi Atıf 1289. Kapıdan girdikten sonra uzunca bir dehlizden geçilir. Duvarları yüksek, tuğla ve kesmetaştan yapılmadır. Altında bir Bizans sarnıcı bulunmaktadır. Etrafı beş küçük eyvanla çevrili kare okuma salonu vardır.

Kaynakça
 Selçuk Erez, İstanbul Nerededir Orada Kimler Yaşar, Sel Y., İstanbul 1995.

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

1741'de kurulan oluşumlar
Fatih'teki kütüphaneler
Yazma eser kütüphaneleri
Hacı Kadın

Atıf Efendi Kütüphanesi


Der Amerikaner steht für:

 Der Amerikaner (1970), britischer Film von Richard Donner
 Der Amerikaner, Alternativtitel von Mafia (1986), italienischer Gangsterfilm
 Teil 8 des 1. Teils der Heimat-Trilogie von Edgar Reitz aus dem Jahr 1984, siehe Heimat – Eine deutsche Chronik #Teil 8: Der Amerikaner (1945–1947)

Siehe auch:
 Amerikaner
 Die Amerikaner
 The American

Der Amerikaner


George John Pinwell  (London 26 December 1842 – 8 September 1875 London), was a British illustrator and watercolourist.

Biography
Pinwell was born on 26 December 1842 at 12 Great Mays Buildings, London. He was baptised on 27 July 1845, at St. Mark's, Surbiton, south-west London, along with his younger brother Henry (born c. 1845). His parents were John Pinwell, a carpenter or builder, and his wife, Mary Ann Baker. Pinwell's father was thought to have been involved in building the original Surbiton railway station in south-west London. His mother was "a rough, illiterate woman", and "a rough and determined person."

Pinwell's father dies in 1854, leaving the family in very straitened circumstances. He apparently worked as a butterman's boy in the City Road, London whose work, among other things was to stand outside the shop on Saturday nights shouting "Buy| Buy| Buy!"

He then worked making designs for a firm of embroiderers. In the 1861 census he recorded his occupation as "designer of Embroidery". His two younger brothers Henry (born c. 1845) and Alfred (born c. 1847), both had their occupation listed as house carpenter.

His work on embroidery design led to him meeting his future wife Isabella Marcy Stevens (c. 1843first quarter of 1923) who needed a design for a difficult piece of work.  The acquaintanceship  grew into affection, and eventually to marriage. The couple were married at St. Marylebone in London on 24 April 1865. The 1911 census shows that the marriage was without issue.

While working at the embroiderers Pinwell attended night school at St. Martin's Lane Academy. After his mother's remarriage in 1861 removed the need for him to work, he became a full time pupil at the Academy, and in 1862 he moved on to Heatherley's Academy. In the following year he was drawing on wood blocks for the Dalziel Brothers.

The 1871 census shows his profession as an artist in watercolours, residing at 52 Adeliaid Road in Hampstead. In 1874 Pinwell fell seriously ill and went to North Africa for the winter and spent eight months there. He returned to London in the spring of 1875. He died of consumption on 8 September 1875 at 86 Adelaide Road, Haverstock, South Hampstead,  London. His estate was valued at less than £800 and his wife was the executrix.

He was buried on 11 September 1875 on the western side of Highgate Cemetery. His two brothers, and two brothers-in-law, Alfred and Thomas Stevens, attended the funeral. His grave (plot no.20882) has no headstone or visible memorial.

His professional friends came together after his death to raise a fund for the benefit of the widow. Many of his studies and sketches were made public after his death. A posthumous exhibition of his works was held in February to March at M. Deschamp's Gallery at 168 New Bond Street. After the exhibition, any works that were not private property were to be sold at Christie's for the benefit of the widow.

George C. Williamson wrote a biography of Pinwell in 1900. However, Reid states that this was undertaken largely for the satisfaction of Pinwell's widow, and that "its main purpose seems to be to persuade us that Pinwell could hold his own in the most refined society" and to counter "contemporary allegations concerning his sobriety and his grammar."

Work
Williamson states that Pinwell's his first drawing appeared in Lilliput Levee in 1862, a book of rhymes for children by Matthew Browne(a pseudonym used by William Brighty Rands)

He executed several designs for the silversmiths Elkington's. He worked for Josiah Wood Whymper, not as a regular apprentice, but in an informal arrangement. At Whymper's Pinwell met J W North an apprentice of Whymper.

Pinwell belonged to the small group of watercolour painters which included Frederick Walker and Arthur Boyd Houghton, whose style came from drawing on wood for book-illustration. Pinwell, Walker, and Houghton, three young men "who did so much for wood engraving in the sixties" all died in 1875 within seven months of each other. Reid notes that there is a legend that Pinwell and Walker were friends, but in reality, this was not so. Walker only once visited Pinwell's house, in 1873, and he had already left Whymper when Pinwell started there. Roget notes the many similarities between the lives of Pinwell and Walker: both died early in their careers, Pinwell was two and a half years younger than Walker, and survived him by only three months, both were partially educated at Heatherley's Academy, both began their profession as draughtsmen on wood, and in some cases worked on the same books, both died from consumption after attempting to stem it with a winter in Africa, they shared a common style, and shared common subjects, and had posthumous exhibitions at M. Deschamp's gallery in London after their deaths.

Together with Walker, another pupil of Whymper, and North, Pinwell was a member of a group known as the Idyllic School or the Idealists of which Walker is seen as the leader. The name seems to come from the book Idyllic Pictures, an anthology of illustrations from The Quiver, printed from the original wood blocks, each accompanied by a poem, many of which were published for the first time. A Round of Days (George Routledge and Sons, London, 1866) also consisted of poems with individual illustrations, is "sometimes considered archetypally Idyllic in spirit", and as it contains work by Walker and North as well as Pinwell and Houghton, is probably more representative of the school. Gleeson White described it as "one of the finest of the illustrated gift books".

The following five illustrations were Pinwell's contribution to A Round of Days. The Dalziel Brothers described the title as having been "chosen to designate a collection of Poems and Pictures representing every-day scenes, occurrences, and incidents in various phases of assistance." Each poem has at least one accompanying illustration. In some cases the artist had illustrated the poem, in others the poet has tried to portray in words the ideas in an illustration.

Pinwell's best Watercolours were probably the three paintings he submitted for membership of the Royal Watercolour Society were A Seat in the Park and two scenes from the Pied Piper of Hamelin, The Pied Piper of Hamlin (rats) and The Pied Piper of Hamlin (children). Other well regarded pictures were The Elixir of Love, The Troth of Gilbert Becket, the Saracen Maiden the legendary mother of Thomas Becket, Out of Town, and Landlord and Tenant.

He painted three major watercolours at Tangier, which were among his last works exhibited at the Royal Watercolour Society in 1875. However, The Graphic considered that, although full of interest, the Tangier pictures showed signs "of failing power". Pinwell contributed watercolours to the Dudley Gallery from 1865 onwards, and in 1869 was elected associate of the Royal Watercolour Society and then full member in 1871. In all, he exhibited fifty-nine works at the Royal Watercolour Society.

Cundall states that Pinwell made many small watercolours "of subjects which he had already produced in black-and-white". His first exhibited watercolour, An Incident in the Life of Oliver Goldsmith, shown in the Dudley Gallery in 1865, was based on the themes and imagery he had used for Dalziel's Illustrated Goldsmith. In the following example the black-and-white engraving was prepared from the watercolour. Note that the engraving Joseph Swain is reversed from the watercolour, a normal feature of engravings as the final print is a mirror image of the engraving. The engraving was cropped before printing it in Once a Week on 26 June 1869. It also suffers from being marked with a partial impression of the text from the following page. This was the only illustration by Pinwell appearing in that volume of the magazine. The watercolour was one of the three paintings submitted by Pinwell for membership of the Water Colour Society. The Globe stated that the watercolour was "dramatic in feeling" and showed "the most accurate perception of individual character." The Graphic described the work as "a scene of every-day observation ,yet most pathetically rendered. At one end of the bench a street musician and her child are counting their scanty gains, at the other end a soldier flirts with a nurse, while between the two sits such a specimen of shabby gentility as would have assuredly won Thackeray's heart."

Pinwell most significant book illustration work was probably the Dalziel Brothers' Illustrated Goldsmith. Pinwell drew 100 illustrations for the book over a period of six months. The book was published both in weekly and monthly parts and as a single volume by Ward and Lock. The first part was launched in the same week as Cassell's illustrated Goldsmith and led to bitter recriminations between the publishers, with Cassell's accusing Ward and Lock of having copied their idea, and of thrusting an inferior product on the public. However, Liveing states that Pinwell was a better black-and-white artist than Henry Anelay (1817-1883), who illustrated Cassell's version. Both versions were issued in weekly parts at a cost of one penny, with a monthly part at fourpence or fivepence (Cassell) or sixpence (Dalziel).

Pinwell also illustrated several other books which were engraved by the Dalziels' including Jean Ingelow's poems, Robert Buchanan's Ballads of the Affections, and the Arabian Nights.

Pinwell's first magazine illustration was for a poem by George Walter Thornbury called The Saturnalia, which appeared in volume eight of Once a Week on 31 January 1863. Gleeson White calls the illustration "a powerful but entirely untypical illustration of a classical subject by an artist who is best known for pastoral and bucolic scenes". Reid notes that the subject is "utterly remote" from the kind of subject that Pinwell would himself have chosen. From that time his work was in constant demand. Pinwell illustrated for a range of magazines including:
The Argosy
Cassell's Family Magazine
Churchman's Family Magazine
Fun
Good Words
Judy, or the London Serio-Comic Journal
London Society
Once a Week
Punch
Sunday at Home
The Cornhill Magazine
The Leisure Hour
The Quiver
The Sunday Magazine

Assessment

Modern Book Illustrators stated that the charm of Pinwell's work was "its vivid pictorial truth to life, its dramatic feeling." The Dictionary of Victorian Painters cites Hardie as saying that Pinwell could be set beside Charles Keene "as one of the greatest of British  draughtsmen" Cundall notes that Pinwell "executed many small water-colour paintings with a peculiar charm" and that much of Pinwell's work "has refined feeling, but it often displays imperfections in execution." Houfe calls Pinwell "A brilliant colourist".

Reid states that the work of an artist like Pinwell is always liable to over or under estimation. His art was "hampered constantly by imperfect technique" but that "its very failures are more interesting than the successes of cleverer draughtsmen." In comparison to Fred Walker, Reid states that Pinwell "had a decorative sense far superior to Walker's" and that Pinwell "had a wider range, is infinitely more imaginative, and his work, above all, has a subjective, a lyrical quality". The Graphic stated that Pinwell "did too much to do all things well, and, on the whole, although his originality and ability were beyond question, he never did quite justice to the genuine powers he possessed." The Globe noted that "It is significant of the fine quality of Pinwell's art that many of his works are the property of artists."

Notes

References

Further reading
 George Charles Williamson, George J. Pinwell and his works (London: George Bell & Sons, 1900).
Pamela White Trimpe, George John Pinwell: A Victorian Artist and Illustrator (New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2001)
Donato Esposito, 'George John Pinwell (1842–1875)', in Frederick Walker and the Idyllists (London: Lund Humphries, 2017), pp. 61–89.

External links

George Pinwell ("The idyllists" - southwilts.com)
George Pinwell (Victorian web)

1842 births
1875 deaths
19th-century British painters
Alumni of the Heatherley School of Fine Art
Artists from London
British illustrators
British male painters
British watercolourists
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
19th-century British male artists

George John Pinwell


Los reyes del sablazo es una película cómica argentina, cuyos protagonistas principales son el dúo cómico de Alberto Olmedo y Jorge Porcel, estrenada el 16 de febrero de 1984.

La película es una nueva versión de Cuando besa mi marido, dirigida por Carlos Schlieper en 1950 y de Matrimonio a la argentina dirigida por Enrique Carreras en 1968 y todas están basadas en la obra Sexteto de Ladislao Fodor.

Reparto

Argumento
Luisa (Luisa Albinoni) descubre en el portafolio de su marido Alberto (Alberto Olmedo) una fogosa carta de amor, en la cual éste aparece como un impetuoso amante, cosa que ella desconocía. Al reprocharle la infidelidad, él se detiene afirmando que el portafolio no se suyo, sino de Jorge (Jorge Porcel), un amigo al cual ella conoce y del que jamás sospechó podría ser un amante irresistible como lo describe la autora de la carta, una profesora de danzas y artes marciales. El comentario con sus amigas hará que Jorge, de carácter apocado, aparezca como un fenómeno pasional a los ojos de todas las mujeres, transformándose en el centro de interés de las clientas de su negocio que por esa circunstancia, obtendrá una gran prosperidad. Además Jorge, logrará interesar también a la amante que escribió la carta, quien terminará enamorándose de él, ante la gran desesperación de Alberto.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Información en CineNacional.com

Películas cómicas

Los reyes del sablazo


القصابي مركز بلدية تابعة لدائرة أولاد خضير بولاية بشار وتعد البلدية الحدودية مع ولاية أدرار.
بها 5 احياء أولاد حمزة القصر قلايت الحميدات والحي الجديد.

تضم بلدية القصابي ثلاثة قرى مجاورة لها هي:
 بنت الشرك
 حاسي عبد الله
 تيمغارين

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لالقصابي:

مصادر

قصابي

القصابي


Enija (grč. Ἐνυώ, Enyṓ) je božica rata u grčkoj mitologiji i pratilica Aresa.

Bila je božica iz skupine Greja.

Mitologija
Prema grčkom književniku Kvintu Smirnjaninu, bila je kćerka Zeusa i Here. Enija je opisana kao strašna božica, kojoj pogoduju razaranja gradova i krv poginulih ratnika. Pojavljivala se na bojnom polju zajedno s bogom Aresom i zbog toga je kasnije proglašavana njegovom majkom, kćerkom ili dojkinjom. Neki izvori ukazuju da je s Aresom imala sina Enijalija. Prema Heziodovoj teogoniji ona je bila jedna od Greja. Identificirana je s boginjom Eridom i Homer. Kasnije je božica poistovjećena s maloazijskom boginjom Ma i rimskom boginjom Belonom.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Enija, enciklopedija.hr

Grčki bogovi

Enija


Falkejagt eller rovfuglejagt er jagt på vilde dyr i deres naturlige habitat ved hjælp af rovfugl. Ved falkejagt kan målet være at fange både små og store dyr; ofte er egern og kaniner byttet. En person, der udfører falkejagt kaldes en falkoner. Han bruger også andre rovfugle end falke: i moderne tid er særligt den rødhalede våge, det brunskuldrede våge og vandrefalke brugt til falkejagt, men også andre falke og ørne kan også bruges.

Falkejagt bruges også til underholdning ved bl.a. festivaller og middelaldermarkeder.

I Danmark er falkejagt tilladt med bestået falkonerprøve.

Historie
Falkejagt blev udviklet i Mellemøsten og Asien omkring år 2000 f.Kr. Falken var et symbol på mongolske stammer. I middelalderens Europa var falkejagt et symbol på adelstanden, og der var mange restriktioner, så kun de kongelige og adelige kunne jage med rovfugle. Populariteten toppede i 1500-tallet, men gik derefter langsomt tilbage. I 1670 etablerede den senere Christian 5. Falkonergården på Frederiksberg til opdræt og salg af rovfugle til falkejagt.

I Storbritannien oplevede jagtformen en opblomstring i 1800- og 1900-tallet, hvor der blev udgivet adskillige bøger om emnet. I Nordamerika blev traditionen også genoplivet i 1900-tallet.

I dag er falkejagt udbredt over det meste af verden. Moderne radiosendere, der gør det muligt for falkonerne at genfinde deres dyr, hvis de flyver væk, har gjort fuglenes levetid højere.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 .

Jagt
Flyvende dyr

Falkejagt


Até 2021, a Academia de Artes e Ciências Cinematográficas premiou 44 atores e atrizes com dois ou mais Oscars nas categorias de atuação. Katharine Hepburn detém quatro prêmios de Melhor Atriz. Seis pessoas ganharam três Oscar: Daniel Day-Lewis (três prêmios de Melhor Ator), Frances McDormand (três prêmios de Melhor Atriz), Meryl Streep (dois prêmios de Melhor Atriz e um de Melhor Atriz Coadjuvante), Jack Nicholson (dois prêmios de Melhor Ator e um prêmio de Melhor Ator Coadjuvante), Ingrid Bergman (dois prêmios de Melhor Atriz e um prêmio de Melhor Atriz Coadjuvante), e Walter Brennan (três prêmios de Melhor Ator Coadjuvante). Brennan foi o primeiro a receber três ou mais prêmios da Academia em 1940, seguido por Hepburn em 1968, Bergman em 1974, Nicholson em 1997, Streep em 2011, Day-Lewis em 2012 e, mais recentemente, Frances McDormand em 2021. Dos sete, apenas Nicholson, Streep, Day-Lewis e McDormand ainda estão vivos.

A única restrição é que os atores não podem receber várias indicações pelo mesmo desempenho. Esta regra foi implementada depois que Barry Fitzgerald recebeu uma indicação de Melhor Ator e Melhor Ator Coadjuvante por sua atuação em O Bom Pastor (1944).

Lista
† = falecido

Ligações externas

 The Official Academy Awards Database

 IMDb Academy Awards Page

Listas do prémio Óscar
Listas de atores

Lista de atores com dois ou mais Oscars nas categorias de atuação


La république du Kekistan est une micronation parodique créée par des utilisateurs du réseau 4chan.

Etymologie
Le mot Kekistan est issu de la contraction de l'onomatopée anglophone "kek" qui est un équivalent de lol et du suffixe "-stan" présent dans plusieurs pays musulmans d'Asie centrale.

Drapeau
Le drapeau du Kekistan est une déformation du Reichskriegsflagge utilisé par l'Allemagne de 1935 à 1945.

Le rouge y est remplacé par du vert, la croix de guerre par le symbole de 4chan et la svatiska par le mot "kek" stylisé.

Chef d'Etat
Le président de la République du Kekistan serait l'humoriste Gordon Hurd répondant également au surnom de Big Man Tyrone

Revendications
Les kekistanais revendiquent le droit à la liberté d'expression et notamment au droit de publier des messages "ironiques ou de mauvaise qualité"

Manifestations
Le drapeau du kekistan a été aperçu lors de la manifestation pour la liberté d'expression à Berkeley en 2017, du rassemblement Unite the Right en août 2017 et lors de la prise d'assaut du Capitole en 2021.

Références

Micronation
Phénomène Internet

Kekistan


Ulf Hjalmar Ed Kristersson (f. 29. desember 1963) er sænskur stjórnmálamaður, hagfræðingur og rithöfundur. Hann hefur verið forsætisráðherra Svíþjóðar frá árinu 2022 og leiðtogi Hægriflokksins frá árinu 2017. Hann var áður félagsmálaráðherra í ríkisstjórn Fredriks Reinfeldt frá 2010 til 2014.

Æviágrip
Ulf Kristersson er fæddur í Lundi og bjó þar til fimm ára aldurs. Eftir það ólst hann upp í Torshälla fyrir utan Eskilstuna. Foreldrar hans voru hagfræðingurinn Lars Kristersson (1938-2015) og aðjúnktinn Karin Kristersson (fædd Axelsson, 1938).

Kristersson gekk í gagnfræðaskóla í Eskilstuna og útskrifaðist þaðan árið 1983. Hann gegndi síðan herþjónustu í fyrstu merkjasveit Upplands í Enköping frá 1983 til 1984. Kristersson flutti síðar til Uppsala til að nema viðskiptahagfræði og félagshagfræði við Uppsalaháskóla. Hann útskrifaðist þaðan árið 1992. Á námsárunum var hann meðlimur í stúdentahreyfingunni Södermanlands-Nerikes Nation og var meðal annars fundarritari hennar. Árið 2013 varð hann heiðursmeðlimur samtakanna.

Kristersson býr í Strängnäs og hefur verið kvæntur Birgittu Ed frá árinu 1991. Hjónin eiga saman þrjár dætur sem þau ættleiddu frá Kína. Ed hefur unnið sem almannatengill en hóf nám til þess að gerast prestur árið 2018.

Kristersson var markaðsstjóri útgáfufélagsins Timbro Publisher frá 1995 til 1998, samhliða störfum sínum sem þingmaður á sænska ríkisþinginu. Árið 1994 gaf Kristersson út bókina Non-working Generation þar sem hann gagnrýndi norræna velferðarkerfið og sænska velferðarríkið, sem hann líkti við aðskilnaðarstefnuna. Kristersson sagði kerfið stuðla að framtaksleysi og aðgerðaleysi.

Á árunum 2000 til 2002 vann Kristersson sem samskiptastjóri hjá upplýsingatæknifyrirtækinu Connecta í Stokkhólmi.

Kristersson var framkvæmdastjóri sænsku Ættleiðingamiðstöðvarinnar frá 2003 til 2005.

Stjórnmálaferill
Þann 1. september 2017 tilkynnti Kristersson að hann myndi bjóða sig fram til embættis leiðtoga Hægriflokksins eftir afsögn Önnu Kinberg Batra. Þann 21. september var hann tilnefndur af kjörstjórn flokksins sem nýr leiðtogi.

Kristersson var félagsmálaráðherra í ríkisstjórn Fredriks Reinfeldt frá 2010 til 2014.

Í þingkosningum Svíþjóðar þann 11. september 2022 hlaut bandalag Hægriflokksins, Svíþjóðardemókrata, Kristilegra demókrata og Frjálslynda flokksins samanlagðan 176 þingsæta meirihluta, þremur sætum meira en bandalag vinstriflokkanna. Kristersson hlaut stjórnarmyndunarumboð í kjölfar kosninganna og þann 14. október var tilkynnt að Kristersson myndi taka við sem forsætisráðherra Svíþjóðar í minnihlutastjórn Hægriflokksins, Kristilegra demókrata og Frjálslynda flokksins sem Svíþjóðardemókratar myndu verja vantrausti.

Tilvísanir

Forsætisráðherrar Svíþjóðar
Sænskir hagfræðingar

Ulf Kristersson


Write-only memory (WOM), the opposite of read-only memory (ROM), began as a humorous reference to a memory device that could be written to but not read, as there seemed to be no practical use for a memory circuit from which data could not be retrieved.

However, it was eventually recognized that write-only describes certain functionalities in microprocessor systems. The concept is still often used as a joke or euphemism for a failed memory device.

The first use of the term is generally attributed to Signetics, whose write-only memory literature, created in 1972 as in-house practical joke, is frequently referenced within the electronics industry, a staple of software engineering lexicons, and included in "best hoaxes" collections.

Signetics
A "Write-Only Memory" datasheet was created "as a lark" by Signetics engineer John G "Jack" Curtis, inspired by a fictitious and humorous vacuum tube datasheet from the 1940s. Considered "an icebreaker", it was deliberately included in the Signetics catalog. Roy L Twitty, a Signetics PR representative, released a tongue-in-cheek press release touting WOM on April 1, 1973.

Instead of the more conventional characteristic curves, the 25120 "fully encoded, 9046×N, Random Access, write-only-memory" data sheet included meaningless diagrams of "bit capacity vs. Temp.", "Iff vs. Vff", "Number of pins remaining vs. number of socket insertions", and "AQL vs. selling price". The fictional device required a 6.3 VAC Vff (vacuum tube filament) supply, a +10 Vcc (double the Vcc of standard TTL logic of the day), and Vdd of 0±2% volt (i.e. ground). It was specified to run between 0 and −70°C.

Apple
In 1982, Apple published their official Apple IIe Reference Manual (part number A2L2005), which included two references to write-only memory:

On page 233:
 bit bucket: The final resting place of all information; see write-only memory.

On page 250:
 write-only memory: A form of computer memory into which information can be stored but never, ever retrieved, developed under government contract in 1975 by Professor Homberg T. Farnsfarfle. Farnsfarfle's original prototype, approximately one inch on each side, has so far been used to store more than 100 trillion words of surplus federal information. Farnsfarfle's critics have denounced his project as a six-million-dollar boondoggle, but his defenders point out that this excess information would have cost more than 250 billion dollars to store in conventional media.

Originally written by Bruce Tognazzini, the write-only memory definition was unfortunately set upon by certain editors lacking a sense of humor. The second sentence originally read, "Approximately one inch on each side, Farnsfarfle's original prototype has so far been used...." The editors insisted the original contained a misplaced modifier whereas Tognazzini was equally adamant that Farnsfarfle was a very small man. The editors won.

Book
The 1995 Computer Contradictionary book discusses EWOM, or Erasable Write-Only Memory (an analogy of EPROM), a memory copyrighted by IBM (Irish Business Machines), which allows the data to be written to and then erased, for memory re-use.

With the explosive growth of the amount of digital video data online and in private use, there emerged a common joke that video tapes and other analog video media were "write only memory", as very little of it was still viewed.

Other members of the family

The 25120 WOM joined a family of equally useless, fictitious devices made before and since, including the dark bulb, dark-emitting diode, WAS gate, and Inoperational Amplifier; and earlier, the Umac 606 Infernal Anode Phantasatron and the Electrovoice Rearaxial Softspeaker. (The Phantastron is a real, if obsolete, circuit for generating precision sawtooth waves.)

See also

References

Computer memory
Computer humor
April Fools' Day
American inventions

Write-only memory (joke)


Hartenholm, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Segeberg iline bağlı bir yerleşim yeri. 15,37 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2005 itibarıyla yaklaşık 1777 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Johannes Herman Richter tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.kaltenkirchen-land.de

Segeberg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Hartenholm


Laza, İspanya'nın kuzeybatısında, ülkenin on yedi özerk bölgesinden biri olan Galiçya'nın dört eyaletinden güneydoğu köşesinde bulunan Ourense eyaletine bağlı belediyesi. 2002 yılı nüfus sayımına göre belediyenin nüfusu 1.927 kişidir.

Laza


Howard Russell Pawley  (November 21, 1934 – December 30, 2015) was a Canadian politician and professor who was the 18th premier of Manitoba from 1981 to 1988. Prior to his premiership, Pawley served in various ministerial positions after his tenure in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba.

Early life
The son of Methodist parents, Pawley was born in Brampton, Ontario, moved to Winnipeg at the age of 17 and was educated at Manitoba Teachers College, United College and the Manitoba Law School. In 1960, he married Adele Schreyer, a cousin of Edward Schreyer, who served as Premier of Manitoba from 1969 to 1977.

Early career
Pawley worked as a lawyer and educator, and was active in the Manitoba Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and its successor, the New Democratic Party of Manitoba (NDP). In 1957, Pawley was elected President of the Manitoba CCF, becoming at the age of 22, the youngest President in the party's history. He opposed the transformation of the CCF into the NDP in 1961, but this decision did not hurt his subsequent career in the party.

Political career

Political beginnings (1957-68)
Pawley first ran for public office in the 1957 Canadian federal election as the CCF candidate in the riding of Lisgar, finishing fourth with 443 votes. In the Manitoba 1958 provincial election, he ran in the northern riding of The Pas and received 801 votes, finishing third. In both these elections he ran as a sacrificial candidate while working as an organizer for the Manitoba CCF. Later, in the 1965 federal election, he ran in the Selkirk riding and received a more respectable 4,456 votes, finishing third.

Legislative years (1969-88)
In the 1969 provincial election, Pawley was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba for the constituency of Selkirk, a mixed urban/rural seat to the north of Winnipeg. He was immediately promoted to Edward Schreyer's cabinet and was sworn in as Minister of Government Services and Minister of Municipal Affairs on July 15, 1969. He stood down from the former position on December 18, 1969, but retained the latter until September 22, 1976. In addition to his cabinet duties, Pawley also chaired a committee that brought forward public auto insurance legislation for the province, and he was the first Chair and Minister responsible for the Manitoba public Insurance Corporation (1971–1973).

Attorney-General of Manitoba (1973-77)
On September 4, 1973, Pawley was promoted to Attorney-General. After stepping down as Municipal Affairs minister in 1976, he was given the additional responsibility of administering the Liquor Control Act.

Premier of Manitoba (1981-88)
In 1979, Pawley replaced Schreyer as leader of the provincial NDP. He was initially elected leader by the party caucus on an interim basis and later defeated Muriel Smith and Russell Doern at the subsequent leadership convention. Like Schreyer, he was from the northeast of the province and could appeal to voters beyond the CCF/NDP's traditional Winnipeg base. In the 1981 election, the NDP, led by Pawley, defeated the Progressive Conservative government of Sterling Lyon. That was the first time in the province's history that any party had ever been voted out of office after only one term.

Pawley was sworn in as Premier of Manitoba on November 30, 1981. His government reintroduced and entrenched French-language rights that had been removed by the Thomas Greenway government in 1890, but he was forced to withdraw proposed legislation that would further extend French language services in the face of widespread opposition among the public. That issue nearly caused the Pawley government's defeat at the polls in the 1986 provincial election.

On the economic front, the Pawley government's record was at or near the top in provincial comparison in respect to investment and employment growth and often enjoyed the lowest unemployment rate anywhere in Canada, and it sustained the province's social programs during the recession of the early 1980s. His government launched the giant Limestone hydro generating project and negotiated major export agreements of hydro electricity to the twin cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul. However, that was not without an economic price, as the Pawley government routinely delivered budgets with large deficits and balanced the budget only at the very end of its term.

On the social front, the Pawley government enacted changes to labour legislation including pay equity, final-offer selection, and first-contract legislation. It also introduced changes to the Human Rights Code to include the addition of the words "sexual orientation."

Pawley's NDP was reduced to a narrow majority in 1986, with the party winning 30 of 57 seats. His government would become increasingly unpopular with the electorate over the next two years, primarily because of a jump in auto insurance premiums in 1987 and massive multimillion-dollar losses at MTX, a subsidiary of the Crown-owned Manitoba Telephone System, which had been formed to invest in telecommunications in Saudi Arabia.

The NDP's position became even more precarious when longtime minister Laurent Desjardins resigned from cabinet in early 1988 and stopped attending legislative sessions, effectively reducing Pawley's majority to one seat. This proved critical that March when backbench NDP MLA and former Speaker Jim Walding voted against the government's budget and toppled the government.

Pawley resigned as party leader and did not run in the subsequent election, which was won by the Progressive Conservatives, led by Gary Filmon.

In his last years as premier, Pawley had become a prominent figure on the national stage as an opponent of free trade as well as a party to the Meech Lake Constitutional Accord. No longer in provincial politics, Pawley again ran as a candidate for the federal NDP in the 1988 federal election for the riding of Selkirk, but was defeated by the Progressive Conservative, candidate David Bjornson.

Later career
Pawley left politics and became a political science professor at the University of Windsor, where he taught until his retirement.  In 2000, he was awarded the Order of Manitoba, and in 2001, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2001, he received the Cesar E. Chavez Award and in 2004, he was the recipient from the Manitoba NDP of the Lucille Ono Award. Pawley was awarded the Distinguished Alumni Award, University of Winnipeg, in 2008. He was the recipient of the 2008 Youth Parliament of Manitoba Alumni Achievement Award. In 2003, he supported Bill Blaikie's campaign to lead the federal NDP. Pawley served as vice-president of the Canadian Civil Liberties Association, an executive member of the Public Interest Advocacy Centre, chair of the Harry Crowe Foundation, and vice-president of the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council. He also served as a board member of the Erie St. Clair Local Health Integration Network [LHIN].

At the University of Windsor, Pawley served as an Associate Professor (1990–2000) and also served as the Paul Martin Professor (1993-1998). He also served as the President (1999-2000) of the Windsor University Faculty Association (WUFA). Later, he served as the Stanley Knowles professor at the University of Waterloo in 2000 and visiting professor to the University of Washington, in Seattle, during the springs of 2001 and 2003. Pawley was acting director of the Centre for Studies in Social Justice at the University of Windsor (2006-2007) and was an associate professor emeritus at the University of Windsor.

Pawley was a supporter of the Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, an organisation that campaigns for democratic reform in the United Nations and the creation of a more accountable international political system.

Death
Pawley died in a hospital in Windsor, Ontario, from a short illness on December 30, 2015, at the age of 81.

References

Further reading
 Howard Pawley fonds, Archives of Manitoba

1934 births
2015 deaths
Canadian legal scholars
Canadian socialists
Trade unionists from Manitoba
Lawyers in Manitoba
Manitoba CCF/NDP leaders
Members of the Order of Manitoba
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
New Democratic Party of Manitoba MLAs
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from Selkirk, Manitoba
Politicians from Brampton
Premiers of Manitoba
Academic staff of the University of Waterloo
Academic staff of University of Windsor
University of Winnipeg alumni

Howard Pawley


Carolina Cerqueira (Banga, 20 de outubro de 1956) é uma jurista, jornalista, diplomata e política angolana. É deputada pelo MPLA desde 2008 e presidente da Assembleia Nacional de Angola desde 16 de setembro de 2022.

Biografia
Carolina Cerqueira nasceu em 20 de outubro de 1956 na vila-comuna de Caculo Cabaça, município da Banga, província do Cuanza Norte. Seu pai é Clementino Cerqueira e sua mãe é Maria João.

Ingressou no Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (MPLA) em meados de 1975, nas batalhas finais pela independência angolana. Neste ínterim, licenciou-se em direito pela Universidade Agostinho Neto e passou a trabalhar, em 1977, como jornalista na Rádio Nacional de Angola, permanecendo ligada aos quadros até 1984.

Foi transferida em 1984 para trabalhar como directora do Gabinete de Cidadania e Sociedade Civil do MPLA, cargo ocupado até o ano de 2008. Foi eleita para o Comité Central do partido, permanecendo neste entre 1992 e 1988 como coordenadora de Campanhas de Informação sobre Saúde - Alfabetização/Vacinação. Neste período foi destacada pelo partido para cursar e fazer estágios em jornalismo diplomático (Organização das Nações Unidas), diplomacia popular (Universidade de Trento) e observação eleitoral (União Europeia). Após isso, serviu como observadora das eleições multipartidárias na Namíbia e África do Sul.

Ao final da década de 2000 ingressa novamente na Universidade Agostinho Neto para cursar o mestrado em ciências político-jurídicas, assumindo, em seguida, a Secretária dos Assuntos Jurídicos e de Solidariedade da Organização da Mulher Angolana (OMA).

Em 2008 é indicada pelo MPLA para compor a lista eleitoral partidária das eleições legislativas de Angola de 2008. É eleita e torna-se, já em 2008, Vice-Presidente do Grupo Parlamentar do MPLA, permanecendo em funções até 2010, quando licenciou-se da legislatura para assumir o Ministério de Estado da Comunicação Social, cargo que ocupou até 2012.

Voltou às listas do partido para as eleições de 2012 e 2017, sendo reeleita deputada. Tornou-se membro da Comissão Permanente de Assuntos Jurídicos e Constitucionais da Assembleia Nacional, além de ser reconduzida à função de Vice-Presidente do Grupo Parlamentar do MPLA. No período passa a ser membra do Comitê Executivo e do Comitê de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Finanças e Comércio da União Interparlamentar Mundial em 2015, além de Vice-Presidente da Organização Pan-Africana de Mulheres para a África Austral entre 2013 e 2016.

Licencia-se novamente do parlamento em 2016 para assumir como Ministra de Estado da Cultura, cargo que ocupa até 2019, quando foi movida para a função de ministra do Gabinete de Estado para a Área Social, permancecendo no cargo até 2022.

Para as eleições gerais de Angola de 2022 é indicada como número três das listas do MPLA, e é eleita para mais um mandato parlamentar. Dado que o partido ganha maioria dos assentos, é eleita presidente da Assembleia Nacional de Angola em 16 de setembro de 2022.

Vida pessoal
É irmã do economista angolano José Cerqueira.

Jornalistas de Angola
Membros do Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola
Naturais de Cuanza Norte
Alunos da Universidade Agostinho Neto

Carolina Cerqueira


Najlonske čarape ili najlonke ili hulahopke vrsta su ženske odjeće, donjeg rublja koje pokriva noge od struka do nožnih prstiju. Napravljene su od različitih fleksibilnih materijala: najlona, spandeksa (likre ili elastana), svile i njihove međusobne kombinacije. Dostupne su u raznim bojama i debljini. Najpopularnije boje su: crna i razne nijanse boje kože, a puno rjeđe su: bijele, crvene i ostalih boja.

Uglavnom smatrane odjevnim predmetom za žene i djevojčice, najlonske čarape prvi put su se pojavile na policama trgovina 1959. kao prikladna alternativa čarapama. Najlonke su dizajnirane, da budu privlačne izgledom, sakriju fizičke značajke kao što su: mrlje, modrice, ožiljci, dlake, ili proširene vene, da smanje vidljive linije gaćica, i olakšaju trenje između stopala i obuće ili između bedara.

Osim što se nose kao moda, u zapadnom društvu najlonke žene ponekad nose i kao dio svečane odjeće. Također, pravila odijevanja nekih tvrtki i škola mogu zahtijevati nošenje najlonki ili modnih najlonki kada se suknje ili kratke hlače nose kao dio uniforme.

Gustoća i elastičnost niti mjeri se u denima: što je veća vrijednost dena, materijal je gušći. Broj dena znači težinu u gramima 9 km dužine vlakna. Raspona dena kreće se od 3 dena (izuzetno rijetko, vrlo tanko, jedva vidljivo) do 20 dena (standardno prozirno), 30 dena (polu-neprozirno) do 250 dena (posve neprozirno). Posebnu upotrebu imaju najlonske čarape za trudnice te protiv celulita i proširenih vena. Samostojeće najlonske čarape vrsta su najlonskih čarapa, koje dosežu do bedra, na vrhu imaju gumiranu traku, kojom se pričvrste za nogu, često imaju čipkasti završetak. Dizajnirane su, da se nose bez podvezica, a mogu se nositi pričvršćene na haltere.

Najviše se najlonskih čarapa proizvodi u Kini i Turskoj, a proizvodni pogoni postoje i u Hrvatskoj. Među najpoznatijim proizvođačima su: Wolford, Calzedonia, Golden Lady, Falke i dr.

Povijest

Prije 1920-tih u zapadnoj kulturi bilo je opće prihvaćeno gledište, da se od žena očekuje da pokrivaju svoje noge u javnosti, uključujući i zglobove. U 1920-ima, modni porubi za žene počeli su se podizati, otkrivajući noge do malo ispod koljena. Čarape su također ušle u modu kako bi zadržale pokrivenost nogu, kao i određenu razinu topline. Najpopularnije čarape bile su prozirne čarape koje su se prvo izrađivale od svile ili rejona (tada poznate kao "umjetna svila"), a nakon 1940. od najlona, koji je izumio DuPont 1938. Tijekom 1940-ih i 1950-ih, filmski producenti prišivali bi čarape na gaćice svojih glumica i plesačica, o čemu svjedoči pjevačica-glumica Ann Miller. Ovi odjevni predmeti viđeni su u popularnim filmovima poput "Daddy Long Legs".

Sve 1960-ih, nije bilo razloga da žene izvan svijeta zabave nose najlonske čarape, jer su duži rubovi dopuštali korištenje čarapa preko koljena pričvršćenih remenom za podvezice. Unatoč tome, tijekom 1960-ih, poboljšani procesi proizvodnje tekstila učinili su najlonske čarape sve pristupačnijim, dok ih je umjetni tekstil poput elastana učinio udobnijim i izdržljivijim. Pojava mini suknje, koja je otkrivala noge do visine iznad koljena, učinila je najlonke važnim mnogim ženama. Godine 1970. prodaja najlonki u SAD-u prvi je put premašila prodaju čarapa i od tada je tako ostalo. Najlonke su postale dio garderobe tijekom 1970-ih i 1980-ih. Početkom 1980-ih nastala je moda u tonovima mrežastih najlonki. Počevši od 1990-ih javila se povećana tražnja za najlonkama s visokim sadržajem likre. Od kraja 2010-ih postale su popularne najlonke s točkicama i raznim uzorcima, srcima, prugama, natpisima.

Izvori

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