ماجد مطرب فواز (27 يوليو 1980 -)، ممثل ومقدم برامج مسابقات سعودي.

عن حياته
هو الابن الأكبر للفنان مطرب فواز. حاصل على شهادة الدبلوم في تخصص هندسة الشبكات من إحدى الجامعات. بدأ التمثيل بسن صغيرة خلال الأنشطة الثقافية الذي كان يشارك فيها والده أثناء فترة الإجازة المدرسية، كما شارك في صغره في فوازير «العم أبو فلاح». وابتعد فترة عن التمثيل قبل أن يعود في العام 2003 من خلال مسلسل «دمعة عمر»، ثم واصل مشواره الفني حتى وصل إلى أدوار البطولة.

أعماله

الأعمال التلفزيونية

الأعمال السينمائية

المسرحيات

تقديم البرامج
في عام 2012 قام بتقديم برنامج «الديرة» الذي عرض على التلفزيون السعودي، وقدم موسمين آخرين منه في الأعوام 2013، 2014 خلال شهر رمضان. وفي رمضان 2021 عاد البرنامج بموسم جديد.

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلون وممثلات سعوديون
مواليد 1400 هـ
مواليد 1980
ممثلون سعوديون
مقدمو برامج مسابقات عرب

ماجد مطرب فواز


Albert Maurice Hackett () a fost un dramaturg și scenarist american, cunoscut mai ales prin colaborările sale cu partenera și soția lui, Frances Goodrich.

Primii ani
Hackett s-a născut în orașul New York, ca fiu al actriței Florence Hackett (născută Hart) și al lui Maurice Hackett. A urmat Professional Children's School și a început să apară pe scenele de teatru și în filme ca actor copil. Fratele său era actorul Raymond Hackett. Tatăl lor vitreg a fost actorul de film Arthur V. Johnson, care s-a căsătorit cu mama lor, Florence, în jurul anului 1910. Cumnata lui a fost Blanche Sweet care a fost pentru un timp soția lui Raymond.

Carieră
La scurt timp după căsătoria lui Albert Hackett cu scenarista Frances Goodrich, cuplul a mers la Hollywood în anii 1920 pentru a scrie scenariul unui film după piesa  lor de succes Up Pops the Devil pentru Paramount Pictures. În 1933 au semnat un contract cu MGM și au colaborat cu acest studio până în 1939. Printre primele lor angajamente a fost scrierea scenariului pentru The Thin Man (1934). Ei au fost încurajați de către regizorul W. S. Van Dyke să folosească romanul lui Dashiell Hammett doar ca sursă de inspirație și să se concentreze pe imaginarea unor schimburi de replici spirituale pentru personajele principale, Nick și Nora Charles (interpretate de William Powell și Myrna Loy). Filmul rezultat a fost unul dintre marile succese cinematografice ale anului, iar scenariul, care prezenta pentru prima dată o relație modernă într-un mod realist, a fost considerat a fi inovator. Acest lucru s-a datorat faptului că scrierea scenariului și lansarea filmului a avut loc înainte de adoptarea Codului de Producție de la Hollywood, care a cenzurat cu strictețe filmele de la jumătatea anului 1934 până la începutul anilor 1960. Celelalte filme cu Nick și Nora nu mai prezintă "maturitatea inovatoare" a căsătoriei lui Charles.

Ei au fost nominalizați la Premiul Oscar pentru cel mai bun scenariu pentru The Thin Man, After the Thin Man (1936), Tatăl miresei (1950) și Șapte mirese pentru șapte frați (1955). Au câștigat premiul Writers Guild of America pentru Parada de Paște (1949), Micul dividend al tatei (1951), Șapte mirese pentru șapte frați (1954) și Jurnalul Annei Frank (1959), obținând nominalizări pentru In the Good Old Summertime (1949), Tatăl miresei (1950) și The Long, Long Trailer (1954). Ei au câștigat, de asemenea, Premiul Pulitzer pentru dramaturgie și premiul New York Drama Critics Circle pentru piesa de teatru inițială Jurnalul Annei Frank. Au mai scris scenariile unor filme cunoscute ca Another Thin Man (1939) și O viață minunată (1946).

Note

Bibliografie

 Holmstrom, John. The Moving Picture Boy: An International Encyclopaedia from 1895 to 1995, Norwich, Michael Russell, 1996, p. 16.

Legături externe
  Albert Hackett pe Internet Broadway Database

  Hackett&middle= Albert Hackett pe Internet Off-Broadway Database

Nașteri în 1900
Decese în 1995
Dramaturgi americani
Scenariști americani

Albert Hackett


إسماعيل يس يقابل ريا وسكينة, فيلم مصري كوميدى من بطولة إسماعيل يس و ثريا حلمي، وإخراج حمادة عبد الوهاب وتأليف أبو السعود الإبياري تم عرضه في 21 مارس عام 1955م.

القصة

تدور أحداث الفيلم حول عصابة تخطف النساء وتقوم بقتلهم وسرق مصوغاتهم وبعد ذلك يقوموا بدفنهم تحت منازلهم ومن هنا أكتشف شاب بالصدفة أن خطيبته تذهب إلى هناك لذلك حس الشاب بالخوف الشديد فقرر أن بيلغ البوليس بعد خروجة من هذا المنزل الذي دخله بالصدفة

قصة الفيلم كاملة

ريا (نجمة إبراهيم) وسكينه (زوزو حمدي الحكيم) شقيقتان متزوجتان من حسب الله (رياض القصبجي) وَعَبَد العال (سعيد خليل) وقد كونوا تشكيل عصابى بالتعاون مع عدد من الرجال على رأسهم الأعور (نظيم شعراوى) بهدف إستدراج النساء اللاتى يرتدين مصوغات ذهبية، إلى منزلهم وقتلهن للإستيلاء على الذهب، ثم دفنهن في فناء منزلهم الكائن خلف قسم اللبان بمحافظة الأسكندرية، وهي الجرائم التي روعت الأهالى، وأقلقت راحة البوليس الذي عجز عن كشف حقيقة مرتكبى تلك الحوادث، بعد أن زادت نسبة النساء المبلغ عن اختفاءهن. فلفل (إسماعيل ياسين) مونولوجست يعمل في ملهى ليلى بالانفوشى بالأسكندرية، مع خطيبته نونو (ثريا حلمي) وهي أيضًا مونولوجست، ومعهم الراقصة اللولبية سنيه عجميه (نعمت مختار)، والأخيرة أنهت فقرتها الراقصة واستعدت للذهاب للرقص في فرح، دعاها له الأعور، فقامت صاحبة الملهى بتكليف فلفل بمراقبة سنيه، والتي تتبعها حتى دخلت منزل ريا وسكينه، فتسلل للداخل، وعلم أن العصابة قد وضعت المخدر لسنيه في الشربات، تمهيدا لذبحها والاستيلاء على مصاغها، فتسلل فلفل خارجا، وتوجه لقسم اللبان وأبلغ الاومباشى (عبد المنعم إسماعيل) الذي لاحظ أن رائحة الخمر تفوح من فم فلفل، ومع ذلك ذهب معه ولم يعثر على شيء غريب بمنزل العصابة، فوضع فلفل في حجز القسم، حيث تقابل مع الحرامى النص (عبد الفتاح القصري) والذي سرق حافظة فلفل لدفع الكفالة، ولكن فلفل استردها منه، بعد أن ترك له مابها من نقود، والتي بلغت ربع ريال (5 قروش)، وخشيت العصابة من فلفل، فقررت التخلص منه، وكلفت الأعور بالمهمة، والذي حاول مرارا أن يقتل فلفل، ولكنه كان يفشل دائما، فحاول إستدراج فلفل لمقر العصابة عن طريق إستدراج نونو، ولكن فلفل وصديقه الحرامى، تمكنوا من إنقاذ نونو وتهريبها من الأعور، وعاود فلفل إبلاغ البوليس فتم اعتباره مجنون، وأحاله ضابط قسم اللبان (عبد الحفيظ التطاوي) إلى مستشفى المجانين، ولكنه تمكن من الهرب، وطارده الأعور ومعه حسب الله حتى الملهى الليلى، ورشقه الأعور بخنجر فأخطأه وقتل أحد السكارى (أحمد الجزيري)، وتم إتهام فلفل بقتله فهرب، ليتلاقاه حسب الله ويعرض عليه مساعدة على الهرب، ويضعه في شوال ويحمله على ظهره حتى أدخله منزل العصابة، حيث تم تخديره، وحينما همت ريا بوضع الفوطة المبللة على فمه لخنقه، بلع فلفل الفوطة، وضربته سكينه بالقلة على رأسه، غير انها أخطأته وأصابت حسب الله، وتسلل الحرامى للمنزل لسرقة الذهب، وعثر على فلفل فأنقذه، ولكن العصابة استطاعت إستدراج نونو وأمها (ثريا فخري) وإدعوا أنهم أهل فلفل، واستغلوا ان فلفل شبه مخدر وإصطحبوهم لوكر العصابة، ولكن فلفل استطاع التسلل خارجا وتقابل مع الحرامى وتمكنوا من إبلاغ البوليس، الذي حضر هذه المرة ومعه قوة كبيرة، وفتشوا المنزل وعثروا على جثث الضحايا، وتم القبض على العصابة، وتزوج فلفل من نونو بعد أن استلم مكافأة من البوليس، إقتسمها مع الحرامى بشرط أن يتوقف عن السرقة.

طاقم العمل
التمثيل
 إسماعيل يس
 ثريا حلمي
 نجمة إبراهيم
 زوزو حمدي الحكيم
 عبد الفتاح القصري
 رياض القصبجي
 سعيد خليل
 نظيم شعراوي
 نعمت مختار
 عبد المنعم إسماعيل
 ثريا فخري
 أحمد الجزيري
 عبد الحليم القلعاوي
 مطاوع عويس
 محمد شوقي
 كامل أنور
 عبد الحفيظ التطاوي
 عجمي عبد الرحمن
 طوسون معتمد

الإخراج
حمادة عبد الوهاب

التأليف
أبو السعود الإبياري

روابط خارجية

المصادر

صفحة الفيلم في https://www.elcinema.com/work/1010893/

أفلام أبو السعود الإبياري
أفلام إسماعيل ياسين
أفلام جريمة كوميدية إنتاج عقد 1950
أفلام جريمة كوميدية مصرية
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1955
ريا وسكينة
أفلام رياض القصبجي
أفلام ثريا حلمي
أفلام نجمة إبراهيم
أفلام زوزو حمدي الحكيم
أفلام عبد الفتاح القصري
أفلام نعمت مختار
أفلام عبد المنعم إسماعيل
أفلام ثريا فخري
أفلام نظيم شعراوي

إسماعيل يس يقابل ريا وسكينة (فيلم)


El Torneo ATP 250 de Buenos Aires de 2012 (conocido por motivos comerciales como Copa Claro 2012) es un evento de tenis perteneciente al ATP World Tour en la serie 250 de esa temporada. Se juega desde el día 18 hasta el 26 de febrero en el Buenos Aires Lawn Tennis, Argentina.

Categorías

Individual

 David Ferrer derrotó a  Nicolas Almagro por 4-6, 6-3, 6-2.

Dobles

 David Marrero /  Fernando Verdasco derrotaron a  Michal Mertiňák /  Andre Sa por 6-4, 6-4.

Premios

Individuales

Dobles

Véase también
 Torneos ATP en 2012
 Torneo de Buenos Aires

Enlaces externos
 Página oficial
 ATP Tennis

Torneo de Buenos Aires 2012

Torneo de Buenos Aires 2012


USS Grayback (SS-208), a Tambor-class submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the lake herring, Coregonus artedi. She ranked 20th among all U.S. submarines in total tonnage sunk during World War II, with 63,835 tons, and 24th in number of ships sunk, with 14. She was sunk near Okinawa on 27 February 1944. Her wreck was discovered in June 2019.

Construction and commissioning
Grayback′s keel was laid down by the Electric Boat Company in Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 31 January 1940, sponsored by Mrs. Lydia Ballou Brown (née Chappell), wife of Rear Admiral Wilson Brown, Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy, and commissioned on 30 June 1941 with Lieutenant Willard A. Saunders in command.

Operational history
Attached to the United States Atlantic Fleet, Grayback conducted her shakedown cruise in Long Island Sound from Newport, New London, and New York City. In company with the submarine , she departed New London, Connecticut, on 8 September 1940 for patrol duty in the Caribbean Sea and Chesapeake Bay, then arrived at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, on 30 November 1940 for overhaul. After the United States's entry into World War II, Grayback departed for Pearl Harbor, Hawaii arriving 8 February 1942.

First war patrol
Graybacks first war patrol from 15 February to 10 April 1942 took her along the coast of Saipan and Guam. There, she had a four-day encounter with an enemy submarine; the enemy submarine fired two torpedoes at Grayback on the morning of 22 February, then continued to trail her across the Pacific. Grayback spotted the enemy conning tower a few times, and the Japanese ship broached once; but the Grayback could not get into position to attack. After four days, Grayback shook off the other submarine and continued on patrol. On 17 March, she sank her first ship, the 3291-ton cargo ship Ishikari Maru off Port Lloyd, Chichijima, Bonin Islands.

Second through fourth war patrols
Graybacks second war patrol met with a dearth of targets, although she even took the unusual and risky measure of patrolling surfaced during the day. On 22 June, she arrived at Fremantle, Western Australia, which was to remain her home base for most of the war. On her third and fourth war patrols, in the South China Sea and St. George's Passage, Grayback was hampered by bright moonlight, shallow and treacherous water, and enemy patrol craft. Despite these hazards, she damaged several freighters and an enemy submarine. The presence of Grayback and her sister ships in these waters, and the threat they presented to shipping and the number of enemy escorts they tied up, were important factors in the successful conclusion of the Guadalcanal campaign, America's first offensive campaign in the Pacific war.

Fifth war patrol
Her fifth war patrol began as Grayback sailed from Australia on 7 December 1942. Only a week out of port, Pharmacist's Mate Harry B. Roby was called upon to perform an emergency appendectomy, the second to be done on a patrolling submarine. With Grayback running 100 feet beneath the surface, the untutored Roby successfully removed the infected appendix, and his patient was back standing watch by the end of the patrol. Then, on 25 December, Grayback surfaced to sink four landing barges with her deck guns. Four days later, she was again fired on by an enemy submarine, but maneuvered to avoid the torpedoes. On 3 January 1943, Grayback sank I-18, one of 25 Japanese submarines destroyed by western submarines during the war.

On 5 January, Grayback served as beacon ship for the bombardment of Munda Bay in the Solomon Islands, and also engaged in rescue work. Lying off Munda early on the morning of 5 January, she received word that six survivors of a crashed Martin B-26 Marauder bomber were holed up on the island. Grayback sent ashore two men, then submerged at dawn to avoid enemy aircraft. The submariners located the downed aviators, three of whom were injured, and hid out with them in the jungle. As night fell, Grayback surfaced offshore and by coded light signals directed the small boat "home safe" with the rescued aviators. For this action, skipper Edward C. Stephan received the Navy Cross, as well as a Silver Star from the United States Army.

Grayback continued on patrol, torpedoing and damaging several Japanese ships. On 17 January, she attacked a destroyer escorting a large maru, hoping to disable the escort and then sink the freighter with her deck guns. However, the destroyer evaded the torpedoes and dropped 19 depth charges on Grayback. One blew a gasket on a manhole cover, and the submarine, leaking seriously, was ordered back to Brisbane, Australia, where she arrived 23 January.

Sixth war patrol
On her sixth war patrol from 16 February to 4 April 1943, Grayback again had a run of bad luck, operating in the Bismarck Archipelago–Solomon Islands area without any military success. Her newly installed SJ radar had failed to function, and although she had taken several shots at maru merchant ships, none sank.

Seventh war patrol
The seventh patrol was more successful. Departing Brisbane on 25 April, Grayback intercepted a convoy whose position had been radioed to her by  on 11 May. In a night surface attack, Grayback fired a spread of six torpedoes at the seven freighters and their three escorts. The three escorts charged, and she had to go deep to elude the attacking enemy. She was credited with the sinking of cargo ship Yodogawa Maru. On 16 May, she torpedoed and seriously damaged a destroyer. The following day, Grayback intercepted four marus with one escort; she sank the freighter England Maru and damaged two others before she was forced to dive. Grayback arrived at Pearl Harbor on 30 May, then proceeded to San Francisco, California, for a much needed overhaul and modernization.

Eighth war patrol
Arriving at Pearl Harbor on 12 September 1943, Grayback prepared for her eighth war patrol, now under the command of John Anderson Moore. Sailing 26 September with , she met  at Midway Island to form the first of the Submarine Force's highly successful wolfpacks. The three submarines under Captain Charles B. "Swede" Momsen in Cero cruised the China Sea and returned to base with claims of 38,000 tons sunk and 3,300 damaged. Grayback accounted for two ships, a passenger-cargo vessel torpedoed 14 October and a former light cruiser, Awata Maru, torpedoed after an end-around run on a fast convoy 22 October. Wolfpack tactics came into play on 2 October as Grayback closed on a convoy already attacked by Shad, and sank a 9,000-ton transport, listing from two of Shads torpedoes. The submarines had now expended all torpedoes, and on 10 November, they returned to Midway.

Grayback commanding officer (CO) John Anderson Moore was awarded the Navy Cross after this patrol.

Ninth war patrol
With almost a quarter of her crew untested in battle Grayback departed Pearl Harbor for the East China Sea on 2 December for her ninth war patrol. Within five days of her first contact with Japanese ships, she had expended all her torpedoes in a series of attacks that netted four ships for over 10,000 tons. The action began on the night of 18 to 19 December; Grayback attacked a convoy of four freighters and three escorts. She sent freighter Gyokurei Maru and escort Numakaze to the bottom and damaged several others in a surface attack. Two nights later, 20 to 21 December, she spotted another convoy of six ships, and after an end-around run, she fired a spread of nine torpedoes into the heart of the Japanese formation. This first attack sank one freighter and damaged another before Grayback dived to elude depth charges. Three hours later, she surfaced and sank a second freighter. After an unsuccessful attack the following night had exhausted her torpedo supply, Grayback headed home. The submarine surfaced on 27 December to sink a good-sized fishing boat with deck guns before reaching Pearl Harbor on 4 January 1944.

CO John Anderson Moore was awarded a second Navy Cross after this mission.

Tenth war patrol

Graybacks tenth patrol, her most successful in terms of tonnage sunk, was also her last. She sailed from Pearl Harbor on 28 January 1944 for the East China Sea. On 24 February, Grayback radioed that she had sunk two cargo ships on 19 February and had damaged two others (Taikei Maru and Toshin Maru sunk). On 25 February, she transmitted her second and final report. That morning, she had sunk tanker Nanho Maru and severely damaged Asama Maru. With only two torpedoes remaining, she was ordered home from patrol. Due to reach Midway on 7 March, Grayback did not arrive. On 30 March, ComSubPac listed her as missing and presumed lost with all hands.

From captured Japanese records, the submarine's last few days were pieced together after World War II. Heading home through the East China Sea after attacking convoy Hi-40 on 24 February, Grayback used her last two torpedoes to sink the freighter Ceylon Maru on 27 February. Later that same day, a Japanese aircraft carrier-based Nakajima B5N (Allied reporting name "Kate") torpedo bomber spotted Grayback on the surface in the East China Sea and attacked, hitting her with a  aerial bomb. According to Japanese reports, the submarine "exploded and sank immediately," but antisubmarine craft were called in to depth-charge the area, clearly marked by a trail of air bubbles, until at last a heavy oil slick swelled to the surface.

Grayback′s commanding officer John Anderson Moore was awarded his third Navy Cross posthumously after this patrol.

Honors and awards
Grayback and her crew received two Navy Unit Commendations for their seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth war patrols.

Grayback received eight battle stars for her World War II service.

Wreck discovery
On 10 November 2019, a private research group, Lost 52 Project, announced it had found the wreck of Grayback  south of Okinawa, in June 2019. The wreck was discovered about  from the coordinates established by the U.S. Navy in 1946 because of an error in its translation of the original Imperial Japanese Navy combat action reports. The discovery was officially verified by the U.S. Navy and the families of the deceased crew members were notified. The submarine sits upright on the bottom in 1,400 ft (430 m) of water. The deck gun was found  about 400 ft (about 120 m) from the primary wreckage.

The wreck has severe damage aft of the conning tower, consistent with Japanese reports of a direct bomb hit in that area. The bow is broken off at an angle, and a portion of the hull near the stern imploded. The builder's plate remains attached to the intact bridge.

See also
 List of United States Navy losses in World War II

References

External links
On Eternal Patrol: USS Grayback
John Anderson Moore grave record
www.lost52project.org — Lost 52 Project

Tambor-class submarines
World War II submarines of the United States
Lost submarines of the United States
Ships built in Groton, Connecticut
1941 ships
World War II shipwrecks in the East China Sea
Submarines sunk by aircraft
Maritime incidents in February 1944
Ships sunk by Japanese aircraft

USS Grayback (SS-208)


Ion Cosma () este un fost ciclist român. A reprezentat România la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1960 și cele din 1964 la proba de 100 km contratimp pe echipe și în proba de cursă individuală de șosea. În 1960 el a terminat al șaselea și al cincilea, respectiv în aceste probe, în timp ce la 1964 s-a clasat pe locurile nouă și 59, respectiv. Cosma a câștigat Turul României în 1959 și 1961 și Cupa UCECOM în 1963.

Referințe

Legături externe

Cotul care i-a suflat medalia olimpică lui Ion Cosma

Nașteri în 1937
Sportivi români din secolul al XX-lea
Cicliști români
Cicliști olimpici români
Târgumureșeni
Cicliști la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1960
Cicliști la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1964
Învingătorii Turului României

Ion Cosma (ciclist)


Nils Gustaf von Lagerheim ( 1860 - 1926) fue un botánico, pteridólogo, micólogo, algólogo, profesor y explorador sueco; reconocido como el fundador del análisis de polen, que continuaría desarrollando Ernst Jacob Lennart von Post (1884-1951).

Biografía
Gustavo nació en una familia noble. Su madre era Emma Gustafva Landgren. Tanto su padre y su abuelo eran aficionados a la botánica, y Gustavo tuvo a profesores horticultores, y comenzó a estudiar la botánica durante el horario escolar Su padre fue Secretario de Estado. Fue continuador de los primeros briólogos suecos, como Olof Celsius el Viejo y Anders Celsius.

Tuvo un talento precoz para la microscopía. Estudió botánica y astronomía en la Universidad de Upsala, donde fue llevado a la microbiología de criptógamas, y en la Universidad de Estocolmo, antes de ir a Alemania para convertirse en estudiante de Robert Koch, en Berlín, y permaneció en la Universidad de Friburgo de Brisgovia, y en la de Montpellier.

En 1889, fue curador en Lisboa, y más tarde en ese mismo año, profesor de criptógamas en Quito, Ecuador, y Jefe del Jardín Botánico de Quito. Y realizó numerosas expediciones a campo. En 1892, dejó Ecuador, enfermo de malaria y conducido por la inestabilidad política del país, hacia Noruega.

En 1893, se convirtió en doctor honoris causa, en botánica en la Universidad de Upsala. En 1895 fue profesor de botánica en la universidad de Upsala; ocupando el cargo hasta 1925, cuando se retiró.

Fue sobre criptógamo, micólogo y algólogo, especialmente destacado en algas de agua dulce, y también en hongos parásitos. Sus escritos sobre la falsificación de productos alimenticios, que floreció en el comercio, taxonomía, y mucho más. Su esfuerzo principal fue el análisis de polen, un método que creó, y perfeccionó Lennart von Post. Esto sucedió porque se encontró con que los granos de polen encontrados en la turba puede proporcionar información sobre la vegetación y ciertas condiciones de la época en que la turba se forma, en el que escribió en 1902, "Métodos de análisis de polen". Eso también ha sido importante para la arqueología.

Curiosidades
Realizó estudios bioquímicos de Brígida de Suecia.

Vida privada
Se casó en 1890, en Panamá, con Celine Julie Berthe Deveria (1862-1942) aborigen de Essex, Inglaterra.

Algunas publicaciones
 . 1898. Stockholms högskola 1878-1898 : Botaniken och det botaniska institutet. Estocolmo. Libris 2758840

 ---------------------. 1895. Ueber das Phycoporphyrin, eine Conjugatenfarbstoff. Videnskabs-Selskabets Skrifter. Mathem.-naturv. Kl. 5. Kristiania. Libris 2758842

 ---------------------. 1894. Zur Anatomie der Zweibel von Grinum pratense Herb. Skrifter udg. af Videnskabs-selskabet i Christiania. 1: Math.-nat.vet.Kl. 3. Kristiania. Libris 2758845

 ---------------------. 1893. Om af svamp angripna fikon och dadlar (Hongos que infestan higos y dátiles)

 ---------------------. 1892. Descripción de un aparato sencillo para sacar y conservar pus, sangre &a. para estudios microscópicos ó bacteriológicos

 ---------------------. 1891a. Sobre la multiplicación agámica por conidios del protallo de ciertos helechos

 ---------------------. 1891b. Zur Biologie der Iochroma macrocalyx Benth. Editor Gebrüder Borntræger, 4 pp.

 ---------------------. 1891c. Zur kenntniss des Moschuspilzes: Fusarium aquaeductuum Lagerheim (Selenosporium aquaeductuum Rabenhorst et Radlkofer, Fusisporium moschatum Kitasato)

 ---------------------. 1890.  La enfermedad de los pepinos: su causa y su curación

 ---------------------. 1888. Über Desmidiaceen aus Bengalen nebst Bemerkungen über die geographische Verbreitung der Desmidiaceen in Asien. Bihang till K.Sv.Vet.akad.handl. 13 (3) Estocolmo. Libris 2758886

 ---------------------. 1884. Ueber Phæothamnion, eine neue Gattung unter den Süsswasseralgen. K.Sv.vet. akad. handl. Bihang 9 (19) Estocolmo. Libris 2758843

 ---------------------. 1882. Scripta algologica Libros y capítulos
 . 2010a. Ofversigt Af Kongl Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar (Sinopsis de la Real Academia de las Ciencias y sus acciones). Edición reimpresa de Kessinger Publishing, LLC, 130 pp. ISBN 1-168-51185-2

 ---------------------. 2010b. Algologiska Och Mykologiska Anteckningar: Frán en Botanisk Resa I Luleá Lappmark (Algologo y notas micológicas: De un viaje botánico en Lulea Laponia). Edición reimpresa de BiblioBazaar, 134 pp. ISBN 1-141-84682-9

 ---------------------. 1901. Om lämningar af Rhizopoder, Heliozoer och Tintinnider i Sveriges och Finlands lakustrina kvartäraflagringar. 52 pp.

 ---------------------. 1918. Anmärkningar vid skriften Oväldiga tankar om Götha Canal (Declaraciones de pensamientos con escritura imparcial sobre el Canal de Gotha). 74 pp.

 ---------------------. 1895. Monographie der ecuadorianischen arten der gattung Brugmansia Pers. Edición reimpresa de Wilhelm Engelmann, 668 pp.

 ---------------------. 1890. Contribuciones a la flora algológica del Ecuador. Edición reimpresa de Impr. de la Universidad, 16 pp.

 ---------------------. 1885. Codiolum polyrhizum n. sp: bidrag till kännedomen om slägtet Codiolum A.Br.. Öfversigt af Kongl. vetenskaps-akademiens förhandlingar. Editor P.A. Norstedt, 11 pp.

 ---------------------. 1883. Algae and related subjects: - collected works

 ---------------------. 1882. Bidrag till kännedomen om Stockholmstraktens Pediastréer, Protococcacéer och Palmellacéer (Contribución al conocimiento de la Pediastráceas de Estocolmo, y Protococcáceas Palmelláceas). 35 pp.

Honores
 De 1915 a 1919: presidente de la Sociedad Botánica de Estocolmo

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Botánicos de Suecia del siglo XIX
Micólogos de Suecia del siglo XIX
Pteridólogos de Suecia
Algólogos de Suecia
Exploradores de Suecia del siglo XIX
Palinólogos
Profesores de Suecia
Escritores en sueco
Escritores en inglés del siglo XX
Escritores en español del siglo XX
Nobles de Suecia
Plantas descritas por Lagerheim
Doctores honorarios por la Universidad de Upsala
Nacidos en Estocolmo

Nils Gustaf von Lagerheim


Hreistursteinbrjótur (fræðiheiti: Micranthes foliolosa) er blómplanta sem finnst á norðurslóðum norðurhvels. Gamla heitið Saxifraga foliolosa er enn notað í blómabókum enda er ættkvíslin Micranthes nokkuð nýlega aðskilin steinbrjótum.

Á Íslandi finnst hann hátt til fjalla á mið-Norðurlandi.

Hreistursteinbrjótur vex á rökum mosa eða flögum. Er lágvaxin planta (2–12 sm) með blöðin í hvirfingu neðst. Blómstöngullin er beinn með greiningu efst. Hann blómgast sjaldan, hefur yfirleitt æxlikorn í stað blóma.

Tilvísanir

Plöntur á Íslandi
Steinbrjótar

Hreistursteinbrjótur


مونفلوري (بالفرنسية: Montfleury) من أول الاحياء المهيئة عمرانيا تحت الحماية الفرنسية. يصل المدينة العتيقة من خلال نهج أبو القاسم الشابي شمالا عن طريق شارع باب الجديد نزولا من باب الڨرجاني غربا، شارع طه حسين جنوبا إلى حدود باب عليوة شرقا.

مونفلوري، هي عمادة تابعة لـسيدي البشير إحدى معتمديات بلدية تونس.

اين نجد مستشفى الحبيب ثامر، المستشفى العسكري بتونس، المعهد العلوي 1884، معهد مونفلوري، المدرسة الابتدائية نهج العلماء، المدرسة الاعدادية النموذجية 8 شارع علي طراد، المركز الوطني البداغوجي مركز الإسعاف الطبي الاستعجالي والإنعاش بتونس، الإذاعة الجمعياتية بلاتين راديو منذ سنة 2007، المدرسة العليا للعلوم الاقتصادية والتجارية بتونس، المدرسة العليا للعلوم التقنية بتونس، المعهد التحضيري للدراسات الهندسية بمونفلوري والمبيت الجامعي طه حسين.

أحياء مدينة تونس

مونفلوري


Romlund er en landsby beliggende nordvest for Viborg.
I landsbyen ligger Romlund Kirke, et forsamlingshus, bilværkstedet Autogaarden Romlund
og Romlund Dyrehospital.

Romlund hører til Romlund Sogn og Viborg Kommune.

Natten til den 20. august 1941 blev en bombelast fra et engelsk fly nedkastet ved Romlund på marken mellem Hulhøjgård og Højgård.
Vinduerne på de nærliggende gårde blev knust og en lade blev så medtaget at der måtte opmures støttepiller for at den ikke styrtede sammen.

Et skunklaboratorium i Romlund blev ryddet af politi og Beredskabsstyrelsen i 2016.

I 2017 blev gadekæret oprenset og i tilknytning blev en terrasse og et stisystem konstrueret.

Henvisninger

Landsbyer
Lokaliteter i Viborg Kommune

Romlund


Les forêts nationales de l'Idaho Panhandle sont un ensemble administré conjointement de trois forêts nationales situées principalement dans l'État américain de l'Idaho. En 1973, de grandes parties des forêts nationales de Kaniksu, Coeur d'Alene et St. Joe ont été regroupées pour être gérées administrativement sous le nom de forêts nationales de la Panhandle de l'Idaho (Idaho Panhandle National Forests ou IPNF). L'IPNF comprend plus de 2,5 millions d'acres (10 000 km 2) de terres publiques dans la panhandle ("queue de poële) du nord de l'Idaho, avec de petites zones s'étendant dans l'est de l'état de Washington (4,7 %) et l'ouest de celui du Montana (1,2 %). La partie la plus septentrionale de l'IPNF partage une frontière avec le Canada. Le bureau du superviseur forestier est situé à Coeur d'Alene  dans l'Idaho avec des bureaux de district à Bonners Ferry, Sandpoint, Priest River (Priest Lake Ranger District), Fernan et Smelterville (Coeur d'Alene River Ranger District) et St. Maries et Avery (District de St. Joe Ranger).

Géographie
Les altitudes sur l'IPNF vont de 2 100 à 7 600 pieds avec jusqu'à 80 pouces de précipitations à haute altitude. L'IPNF est caractérisée par plusieurs chaînes de montagnes, dont les montagnes Selkirk, les montagnes Cabinet, les montagnes Purcell, la chaîne Coeur d'Alene et la chaîne Bitterroot, entrecoupées de grands lacs tels que les lacs Coeur d'Alene, Pend Oreille et les lacs Priest supérieur et inférieur. Les principales vallées fluviales sont St. Joe, Coeur d'Alene, Priest, Pend Oreille, Clark Fork et Kootenai.

Faune
Les forêts nationales de l'Idaho Panhandle abritent une grande variété d'animaux sauvages. Des cerfs de Virginie, des cerfs mulets, des ratons laveurs, des wapitis, des grizzlis, des orignaux, des ours noirs, des coyotes, des loups des bois, des mouffettes, des couguars, des martres, des castors, des loutres de rivière, des lynx roux, des visons et des carcajous sont souvent vus par les visiteurs.

Les espèces d'oiseaux comprennent les corbeaux, le dindon sauvage, les geais bleus, les cailles de Californie, de nombreuses espèces de tétras, le balbuzard pêcheur, l'aigle royal, le pygargue à tête blanche et de nombreux variétés de hiboux. Les rivières et les lacs du Panhandle abritent certains des meilleurs lieux de pêche au monde.

Zones sauvages
Il existe une zone de nature sauvage officiellement désignée au sein de l'IPNF qui fait partie du National Wilderness Preservation System. Le Salmo-Priest Wilderness se trouve en partie dans le district de Priest Lake Ranger de l'IPNF et s'étend dans la forêt nationale voisine de Colville. Quatre zones sans route sont actuellement proposées pour la nature sauvage totalisant 146 700 acres (590 km 2 ) :

 Zone sans route de Salmo-Priest (portion de l'Idaho)
 Crête de Selkirk
 Pics Scotchman
 Colvert-Larkins

Zones des loisirs
L'IPNF gère une diversité d'opportunités récréatives, et il existe de vastes réseaux de sentiers pour le bétail, les VHR, la randonnée, la motoneige d'hiver et le ski de fond. Plus de 2 250 km de sentiers sont entretenus pour la randonnée et 1 290 km pour le VTT. Les sentiers notables incluent le sentier du tunnel de Pulaski,  qui explore l'histoire des incendies de 1910 et les pompiers qui les ont combattus, et la route du Hiawatha, un itinéraire rails-sentiers de 24 km qui comprend les 2,7 km du tunnel de Taft. La zone Emerald Creek Garnet offre la possibilité de collecter des grenats étoilés et est l'un des deux seuls endroits au monde où ces gemmes peuvent être trouvées. Les forêts contiennent deux bosquets d'anciens cèdres rouges géants anciens, Settler's Grove of Ancient Cedars près de Murray, Idaho et Roosevelt Grove of Ancient Cedars près de Nordman, Idaho, qui sont tous deux des sentiers de randonnée populaires.

Photos

Références

Bibliographie

 Ferguson, DE et AC Zack. (2006). Record d'établissement pour la zone naturelle de recherche de Wellner Cliffs : Priest River Experimental Forest, Idaho Panhandle National Forests, Bonner County, Idaho [RMRS General Technical Report GTR-170WWW]. Fort Collins, CO : Département de l'agriculture des États-Unis, Service des forêts des États-Unis, Station de recherche des Rocheuses.

Liens externes

Aire protégée créée en 1912
Forêt nationale dans l'État de Washington
Forêt nationale au Montana
Forêt nationale dans l'Idaho

Forêts nationales de la Panhandle de l'Idaho


Caldwell County er navnet på flere counties i USA:

 Caldwell County, Kentucky
 Caldwell County, Missouri
 Caldwell County, North Carolina
 Caldwell County, Texas
 Caldwell Parish, Louisiana

Caldwell County


Yerleşim yerleri
 Tatlıca, Aksaray - Aksaray ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy
 Tatlıca, Araç - Kastamonu ili Araç ilçesine bağlı köy
 Tatlıca, Kızıltepe - Mardin ili Kızıltepe ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Tatlıca, Malazgirt - Muş ili Malazgirt ilçesine bağlı köy
 Tatlıca, Erfelek - Sinop ili Erfelek ilçesine bağlı köy
 Tatlıca, Akçakale - Şanlıurfa ili Akçakale ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Tatlıca


Foreign Service may refer to:
Diplomatic service, the body of diplomats and foreign policy officers maintained by the government of a country
United States Foreign Service, the diplomatic service of the United States government
Foreign Service Officer
Foreign Service Institute
Foreign Service Journal
Foreign Service brat, term for children born or raised abroad to Foreign Service Officers
Indian Foreign Service, the diplomatic service of India
Foreign Service Institute of India now the Sushma Swaraj Institute of Foreign Service, under the Ministry of External Affairs in New Delhi, India
Foreign Service of Pakistan, the diplomatic service of Pakistan
Foreign Service Academy
Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service, the diplomatic service of the United Kingdom, and specifically the organisation which ran the Foreign Office in London before amalgamation with the Diplomatic Service in 1918

Foreign Service


Bonar Bridge Football Club is a Scottish football club based in the town of Bonar Bridge in the Scottish Highlands. They play in the North Caledonian League.

Formed in 1968, they were regular members of the North Caledonian League for over thirty-five years before they dropped out in 2010 and fell into an extended period of abeyance.

The club was revived in 2019 with the intention of returning to the league. Their application was ratified at the League's AGM in July 2019.

Honours
North Caledonian Cup
Winners: 1977–78, 1993–94

Morris Newton / SWL Cup
Winners: 1993–94

References

North Caledonian Football League teams
Football clubs in Scotland
Sport in Sutherland
Association football clubs established in 1968
1968 establishments in Scotland
Football in Highland (council area)

Bonar Bridge F.C.


L'équipe de Belgique de football dispute en 1973 les éliminatoires de la Coupe du monde en Allemagne de l'Ouest.

Objectifs
Le seul objectif de la saison pour la Belgique est de tenter de se qualifier pour la Coupe du monde pour la seconde fois consécutive.

Résumé de la saison

Après ces deux participations encourageantes à des tournois internationaux, la Belgique entame les qualifications pour la Coupe du monde 1974 avec confiance. Les joueurs terminent invaincus sans encaisser le moindre but mais sont toutefois devancés à la différence de buts par les Pays-Bas, avec qui ils ont partagé deux fois (0-0), et sont donc éliminés alors que les Pays-Bas seront finalistes du Mondial. La Belgique confirme ses bonnes performances lors des éliminatoires de l'Euro 1976, en terminant en tête de leur groupe devant la RDA, la France et l'Islande. Ils sont ensuite sèchement battus par les Pays-Bas en quart de finale (5-0) et (1-2). Les Belges sont une nouvelle fois opposés à leurs voisins bataves lors des qualifications pour la Coupe du monde 1978. Le résultat final est identique, les Néerlandais remportant le groupe haut la main.

Bilan de l'année
L'objectif est manqué, sans avoir connu la moindre défaite mais à la différence de buts de dix unités en leur défaveur, les Diables Rouges doivent laisser filer la seule place qualificative de leur groupe aux Pays-Bas, ceux-ci atteindront la finale de la Coupe du monde.

Coupe du monde 1974

Éliminatoires (Groupe 3)

|}

Les matchs

Note : Première rencontre officielle entre les deux nations.

Les joueurs

Un « r » indique un joueur qui était parmi les remplaçants mais qui n'est pas monté au jeu.

Aspects socio-économiques

Couverture médiatique

Source : Programme TV dans Gazet van Antwerpen.

Sources

Archives

Références

1973
Belgique
Football en Belgique en 1973

Équipe de Belgique de football en 1973


Luke Paul Hoare Shaw (Kingston upon Thames, 12. srpnja 1995.) engleski je nogometaš koji igra na poziciji lijevog beka. Trenutačno igra za Manchester United.

Klupska karijera

Southampton
Godine 2002., Shaw, tada sedmogodišnjak, postao je član Southamptonove akademije. Za Southampton je debitirao 28. siječnja 2012. u utakmici FA kupa protiv Millwalla (1:1). Utakmicom protiv Swansea Cityja (1:1) 10. studenog 2012., Shaw je postao najmlađi igrač u klupskoj povijesti koji je igrao neku utakmicu Premier lige od prve minute. Bio je član PFA Momčadi godine za Premier ligu 2013./14.

Manchester United
Dana 27. lipnja 2014. Shaw je prešao u Manchester United za nepoznati iznos za koji se smatra da je iznosio oko 30 milijuna funti. Time je postao najskuplji tinejdžer u svjetskom nogometu. Za United je debitirao 27. rujna u utakmici Premier lige u kojoj je West Ham United poražen 2:1. S Manchester Unitedom pobijedio je Leicester City u utakmici FA Community Shield 2016. S Unitedom je također osvojio UEFA Europsku ligu 2016./17. Svoj prvi ligaški gol zabio je 10. kolovoza 2018. Leicesteru kojeg je United ponovno dobio 2:1.  Na kraju sezone 2018./19. Shaw je osvojio nagradu za najboljeg igrača kluba koju dodjeljuju igrači te je također osvojio njenu ekvivalentu koju dodjeljuju navijači. Bio je član PFA Momčadi godine za Premier ligu 2020./21.

Reprezentativna karijera
Tijekom svoje omladinske karijere nastupao je za selekcije Engleske do 16, 17 i 21 godine. Za A selekciju Engleske debitirao je 27. veljače 2014. kada je zamijenio Ashleyja Colea na poluvremenu prijateljske utakmice protiv Danske koju je Engleska savladala s minimalnih 1:0. Na Svjetskom prvenstvu 2014. igrao je samo u utakmici protiv Kostarike koja je završila bez golova. U finalnoj utakmici Europskog prvenstva 2020., Shaw je u 2. minuti zabio Italiji najbrži gol u finalu nekog Europskog prvenstva. Engleska je na kraju izgubila na penale.

Priznanja

Individualna
 Član PFA Momčadi godine: 2013./14., 2020./21.
 Igrač godine Manchester Uniteda prema izboru navijača: 2018./19.
 Igrač godine Manchester Uniteda prema izboru igrača: 2018./19., 2020./21.

Klupska
Manchester United
 FA Community Shield: 2016.
 UEFA Europska liga: 2016./17. (osvajač), 2020./21. (finalist)

Reprezentativna
Engleska
 Europsko prvenstvo (finalist): 2020.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Profil, Manchester United
 Profil, Engleski nogometni savez

Engleski nogometaši
Nogometaši Southamptona
Nogometaši Manchester Uniteda
Aktivni nogometaši

Luke Shaw


Upper class in modern societies is the social class composed of people who hold the highest social status, usually are the wealthiest members of class society, and wield the greatest political power. According to this view, the upper class is generally distinguished by immense wealth which is passed on from generation to generation. Prior to the 20th century, the emphasis was on aristocracy, which emphasized generations of inherited noble status, not just recent wealth.

Because the upper classes of a society may no longer rule the society in which they are living, they are often referred to as the old upper classes, and they are often culturally distinct from the newly rich middle classes that tend to dominate public life in modern social democracies. According to the latter view held by the traditional upper classes, no amount of individual wealth or fame would make a person from an undistinguished background into a member of the upper class as one must be born into a family of that class and raised in a particular manner to understand and share upper class values, traditions, and cultural norms. The term is often used in conjunction with terms like upper-middle class, middle class, and working class as part of a model of social stratification.

Historical meaning

Historically in some cultures, members of an upper class often did not have to work for a living, as they were supported by earned or inherited investments (often real estate), although members of the upper class may have had less actual money than merchants. Upper-class status commonly derived from the social position of one's family and not from one's own achievements or wealth. Much of the population that composed the upper class consisted of aristocrats, ruling families, titled people, and religious hierarchs. These people were usually born into their status and historically there was not much movement across class boundaries.

In many countries, the term "upper class" was intimately associated with hereditary land ownership. Political power was often in the hands of the landowners in many pre-industrial societies despite there being no legal barriers to land ownership for other social classes. Upper-class landowners in Europe were often also members of the titled nobility, though not necessarily: the prevalence of titles of nobility varied widely from country to country. Some upper classes were almost entirely untitled, for example, the Szlachta of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Great Britain and Ireland

In Great Britain and Ireland, the "upper class" traditionally comprised the landed gentry and the aristocracy of noble families with hereditary titles. The vast majority of post-medieval aristocratic families originated in the merchant class and were ennobled between the 14th and 19th centuries while intermarrying with the old nobility and gentry. Since the Second World War, the term has come to encompass rich and powerful members of the managerial and professional classes as well.

United States

The American upper class is  a social group within the United States consisting of people who have the highest social rank primarily due to economic wealth.  The American upper class is estimated to constitute less than 1% of the population. By self-identification, according to this 2001–2012 Gallup Poll data, 98% of Americans identify with the 5 other class terms used, 48–50% identifying as "middle class".

The main distinguishing feature of the upper class is its ability to derive enormous incomes from wealth through techniques such as money management and investing, rather than engaging in wage-labor salaried employment, although most upper-class individuals today will still hold some sort of employment, which differs from historical norms. Successful entrepreneurs, CEOs, investment bankers, venture capitalists, heir to fortunes, celebrities, and a few number of professionals, are considered members of this class by contemporary sociologists, such as James Henslin or Dennis Gilbert. There may be prestige differences between different upper-class households. An A-list actor, for example, might not be accorded as much prestige as a former U.S. President, yet all members of this class are so influential and wealthy as to be considered members of the upper class. At the pinnacle of U.S. wealth, 2004 saw a dramatic increase in the numbers of billionaires. According to Forbes Magazine, there are now 374 U.S. billionaires. The growth in billionaires took a dramatic leap since the early 1980s, when the average net worth of the individuals on the Forbes 400 list was $400 million. Today, the average net worth is $2.8 billion.

Since the 1970s, income inequality in the United States has been increasing, with the top 1% (largely because of the top 0.1%) experiencing significantly larger gains in income than the rest of society. Alan Greenspan, former chair of the Federal Reserve, sees it as a problem for society, calling it a "very disturbing trend".

According to the book Who Rules America? by William Domhoff, the distribution of wealth in America is the primary highlight of the influence of the upper class. The top 1% of Americans own around 34% of the wealth in the U.S. while the bottom 80% own only approximately 16% of the wealth. This large disparity displays the unequal distribution of wealth in America in absolute terms.

In 1998, Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as "The Donor Class" (list of top donors) and defined the class, for the first time, as "a tiny group – just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population – and it is not representative of the rest of the nation. But its money buys plenty of access."

See also

 Amakudari (Japan)
 Aristocracy (class)
 Bildungsbürgertum
 Black elite
 Corporate class
 Debutante
 Donor Class
 Fat cat (term)
 Gentry
 Grand Burgher (German Großbürger)
 High society (social class)
 International Debutante Ball
 Landed gentry
 Nobility
 Nouveau riche
 Old money
 Patrician (post-Roman Europe)
 Social status
 Socialite
 High-net-worth individual
 Ultra high-net-worth individual

References

Further reading
 Cousin, Bruno and Sébastien Chauvin (2021). "Is there a global super-bourgeoisie?" Sociology Compass, vol. 15, issue 6, pp. 1–15. online

 McKibbin, Ross.(2000) Classes and Cultures: England 1918-1951 (2000) pp 1–43.
 Baraka, Magda. (1998). The Egyptian upper class between revolutions, 1919-1952. ISBS.
 Scott, John. (1982). The upper classes: Property and privilege in Britain Macmillan Pub Ltd.

United States

 Baltzell, E. Digby. Philadelphia Gentlemen: The Making of a New Upper Class (1958).
 Brooks, David. Bobos in paradise: The new upper class and how they got there (2010)
 Burt, Nathaniel. The Perennial Philadelphians: The Anatomy of an American Aristocracy (1999).
 Davis, Donald F. "The Price of Conspicious [sic] Production: The Detroit Elite and the Automobile Industry, 1900-1933." Journal of Social History 16.1 (1982): 21–46. online
 Farnum, Richard. "Prestige in the Ivy League: Democratization and discrimination at Penn and Columbia, 1890-1970." in Paul W. Kingston and Lionel S. Lewis, eds. The high-status track: Studies of elite schools and stratification (1990).
 Ghent, Jocelyn Maynard, and Frederic Cople Jaher. "The Chicago Business Elite: 1830–1930. A Collective Biography." Business History Review 50.3 (1976): 288–328. online
 Hood. Clifton. In Pursuit of Privilege: A History of New York City's Upper Class and the Making of a Metropolis (2016). Covers 1760–1970.
 Jaher, Frederic Cople, ed. The Rich, the Well Born, and the Powerful: Elites and Upper Classes in History (1973), essays by scholars
 Jaher, Frederick Cople. The Urban Establishment: Upper Strata in Boston, New York, Chicago, Charleston, and Los Angeles (1982).
 Jensen, Richard. "Family, Career, and Reform: Women Leaders of the Progressive Era." in Michael Gordon, ed., The American Family in Social-Historical Perspective,(1973): 267–80.

 McConachie, Bruce A. "New York operagoing, 1825-50: creating an elite social ritual." American Music (1988): 181–192.  online

 Story, Ronald. (1980) The forging of an aristocracy: Harvard & the Boston upper class, 1800-1870
 Synnott, Marcia. The half-opened door: Discrimination and admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, 1900-1970 (2010).
 Williams, Peter W. Religion, Art, and Money: Episcopalians and American Culture from the Civil War to the Great Depression (2016), especially in New York City

External links

Number of households with net-worths over one million dollars
Relationship between income and education (archived 6 January 2007)
"The Aristocracy – how the ruling class survives" on BBC Radio 4's In Our Time featuring David Cannadine, Rosemary Sweet and Felipe Fernandez-Armesto

Social classes
High society (social class)

Upper class


السُْقا هي قرية سعودية في منطقة عسير تقع غرب مدينة أبها وتبعد عنها 15 كيلومتر وقد كانت عاصمة إمارة آل عائض. من أعلامها الشيخ سليمان بن سحمان.

المراجع

قرى منطقة عسير

السقا (عسير)


Monștrii se poate referi la:

 Monștrii (colecție de povestiri)
 Monștrii (povestire)
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Kassina maculata (auch als Rotschenkel-Fleckenfrosch, Rotbeiniger Rennfrosch, Rotschenkelfrosch, Gefleckter Rennfrosch, Fleckenfrosch, Flecken-Rennfrosch und Rotbeiniger Leopardfrosch bezeichnet) ist ein Riedfrosch, dessen Innenseiten der Gliedmaßen, wie die Trivialnamen andeuten, rot gefärbt sind.

Merkmale
Kassina maculata ist einer der größeren Vertreter der Riedfrösche, wobei die Männchen eine Länge von 55–65 mm erreichen können. Die Haut ist glatt, der Bauch warzig, die Schnauze abgerundet. Der Rücken ist grau mit schwarzen, ovalen, dünn hell umrandeten Flecken, der Bauch weißlich, manchmal mit dunklen Flecken. Die Innenseiten der Gliedmaßen, die Leistengegend und die Achselhöhlen sind leuchtend rot mit schwarzen Flecken. Die Finger- und Zehenscheiben sind deutlich erkennbar und breiter als der Durchmesser der Subarticulartuberkel (unter den Gelenken sitzende Tuberkel/Höcker) Die Augen haben eine senkrechte Pupille. Die Iris ist braun, nicht goldgelb wie bei Kassina senegalensis.

Der Ruf von Kassina maculata besteht aus einer unregelmäßigen Abfolge kurzer Silben, die sich über einen weiten Frequenzbereich erstrecken, die Rufe sind höher und kürzer als diejenigen von Kassina senegalensis und Kassina wealei, mit denen er im Osten Südafrikas sympatrisch vorkommt. Die Art ruft meist von der Wasseroberfläche aus, zwischen Wasservegetation in der Uferzone der Fortpflanzungsgewässer.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum
Das Verbreitungsgebiet von Kassina maculata reicht im östlichen Afrika von Witu  an der Küste Kenias nach Süden über Tansania und Mosambik bis KwaZulu-Natal im östlichen Südafrika. In das Innere Afrikas reicht das Verbreitungsgebiet bis in das südliche Malawi, das östliche Simbabwe und das östliche Eswatini. Auch auf Sansibar kommt die Art vor. Kassina maculata ist generell ein Tieflandbewohner, kommt in Bvumba in Simbabwe aber auch bis in Höhen von 1,400 Meter vor.

Der Lebensraum von Kassina maculata ist die Savanne, Gras- und Buschland sowie landwirtschaftlich geprägtes Gebiet.

Lebensweise
Kassina maculata bewegt sich nicht wie die meisten Froschlurche hüpfend, sondern laufend (mit alternierenden Beinbewegungen der Hinterbeine) fort (deshalb Rennfrosch engl.: Running Frog). Bei Begegnung mit potentiellen Fressfeinden versucht er nicht zu fliehen, sondern nimmt eine Abwehrhaltung ein (eine Form der Thanatose): Dabei kugelt sich der Frosch mit nach unten gerichteten Kopf ein und zieht alle Gliedmaßen dicht an den Körper. Die auffallenden roten Farbmarkierungen werden nicht exponiert, sondern verborgen. Die Art besitzt giftig wirkende Hautsekrete, die sich teilweise auf die Herztätigkeit von Säugetieren auswirken.

Die Eiablage erfolgt bevorzugt in großen, gut bewachsenen, temporären und permanenten Gewässern. Die Eier werden an submerse Pflanzen angeheftet. Die Kaulquappen werden mit einer Länge von 13 cm (4 cm plus 9 cm Schwanz) recht groß. Ihr Schwanz ist hoch, jedoch nicht so hoch wie bei Kassina senegalensis. Die Kaulquappen leben frei schwimmend (nektonisch), nicht am Gewässergrund.

Systematik
Die Art wurde 1853 von Auguste Duméril als Hylambates maculatus erstbeschrieben. Im Jahr 1931 beschrieb Parker eine andere Amphibienart unter demselben Namen (heute Kassina cochranae Loveridge, 1941), was zu einiger Konfusion in der Taxonomie führte. Die Gattung Kassina umfasst 16 Arten, die alle in Afrika leben und gehört zur Familie Hyperoliidae. Diese gehört zu einer Klade verwandter, afrikanischer Familien, deren Vertreter meist entweder baumlebend oder grabend sind, die von verschiedenen Autoren als Arthroleptoidae (Dubois 1992), Brevicipitoidae Bonaparte, 1850 oder Afrobatrachia Frost et al. 2006 benannt worden ist.

Anhand phylogenomischer Studien (Sequenzvergleich der 16S-rRNA des Rekombinase-Gens Rag1) erwies sich Kassina als monophyletisch und (getestet Kassina maculata) als nahe verwandt mit den Gattungen Hyperolius (getestet Hyperolius viridiflavus) und Heterixalus (getestet Heterixalus tricolor). Damit erscheint die Zugehörigkeit von Kassina gesichert und eine Monophylie der Hyperoliidae wahrscheinlich.

Gefährdung
Auf Grund der weiten Verbreitung, der Tolerierung unterschiedlicher Habitate und des vermutlich großen Bestandes, stuft die International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Kassina maculata als nicht gefährdet (Least Concern, LC) ein.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Beobachtung zum Abwehrverhalten von Kassina maculata in Herpetology Notes Vol. 5, S. 309–310, 2012: Defensive behaviour of Kassina maculata (Anura: Hyperoliidae), engl., abgerufen am 23. März 2014

Froschlurche
Anura

Kassina maculata


حاروف هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء النبطية في محافظة النبطية.

تبعد عن مركز القضاء (النبطية) 4 كلم وعن العاصمة بيروت 71 كلم

النشاط التجاري
ينشط الوضع الاقتصادي فيها حيث توجد منطقة صناعية على مستوى لبنان ككل هي مرج حاروف.

المدارس
في البلدة عدة مدارس خاصة ورسمية منها:
 مدارس لبنان الجديد في حي الثغرة وهي عبارة عن تجمّع لمدرسة الشهيد عبد الرحمن حوماني الابتدائية مع مدرسة لبنان الجديد الثانوية لصاحبها الأستاذ نظام الدين حوماني
 ثانوية الشهيدين راغب حرب وبلال فحص في حيّ البيدر
 مدرسة حاروف الرسمية في حي سكران
 مبرة السيدة زينب لإيواء وتعليم الأيتام في حي الوادي التي أسسها الشيخ راغب حرب
 مركز الشهيد الطفل حسين عباس الموسوي لتعليم وتدريب وتأهيل المعوقين في حي عين البنات التابعة لجمعية الإمداد

الجمعيات

الجمعيات الأهلية
هناك عدة جمعيات أهلية مثل:
 الجمعية الخيرية الاجتماعية أسسها السيد عبد اللطيف هاشم عام 1963 وقد توقفت عن العمل بسبب خلافات سياسية
 جمعية الإحسان والتوجيه الاجتماعي أسسها الحاج حيدر كركي عام 1989 وكان لها دور تنموي مهمّ من ناحية بناء بئر المياه وتوسيع الطرقات وبناء المكتبة العامة للبلدة إضافة إلى الدور التربوي والتثقيفي
 جمعية الإمام الصدر الثقافية الخيرية أسست في عام 1993 وهي تعنى بالتثقيف الديني
 جمعية اليقظة الثقافية الاجتماعية أسست في عام 2000 وتعنى بالتثقيف التربوي
 جمعية آل كركي أسست في عام 1996 وهي تملك مستوصفا إلى جانب المستوصف البلدي.
 جمعية آل شاهين

الجمعيات الكشفية
يوجد جمعيات كشفيّة أهمّها :
 جمعية كشافة الرسالة الإسلامية فوج الشهيد القائد محسن عياش الذي أسس عام 1979
 جمعية كشافة الإمام المهدي :
 فوج الإمام القائم /إخوة
 فوج السيدة الزهراء/أخوات

الأندية الرياضية
بالإضافة إلى الجمعيات توجد في حاروف عدّة اندية رياضية مهمّة منها :
 نادي حاروف الرياضي الذي أسس عام 1990 وأحرز الكثير من البطولات على مستوى الجنوب ولبنان ويحتوي على عدّة اختصاصات أهمّها كرة القدم والبولي وهي لعبة حاروفية بامتياز
 نادي الأمل حاروف وهو تابع لجمعية كشافة الرسالة الإسلامية
 نادي الغدير الرياضي

المعالم السياحية فيها
من معالمها:
 ساحة العين بمائها العذب وبمسرحها الدائم وتقع وسط البلدة على العين المشهورة.
 مدينة الامام موسى الصدر الرياضية التي تقع في منطقة البياض وتحتوي على 3 ملاعب لكرة القدم، كرة السلة وكرة الطائرة
 قاعة ومكتبة المربي محمود عياش وهي في دار البلدية
 دار البلدية في حي التغرة
 نصب الشهداء والاسرى والجرحى: السيّد يرفع السلاح امام المبنى البلدي
 جداريّتان للفنان ناجي العلي.
 بوابة البلدة الجميلة
 عين البنات وهي عين مياه قديمة تسمّى عين أهل البيت
 مغارة البزّاز وهي غار قديم يتألف من عدةّ دهاليز في حي سكران
 الكرّ وهي بركة مياه قديمة كان يستعمها أهالي حاروف قديما" للغسيل والتنظيف قرب العين.

في المقاومة
كان لحاروف دورا رائدًا في المقاومة ضد الاحتلال الإسرائيلي، وقدّمت خيرة شبابها في المواجهة والصمود وعمل شبابها في العديد من المنظمات المقاومة كالأحزاب الفلسطينية والحزب الشيوعي اللبناني في فترة السبعينيات وقبلها ثمّ انخرط الكثير منهم في افواج المقاومة اللبنانية امل وبعدها في المقاومة الإسلامية وقدّمت حاروف حوالى الستين شهيدًا على مستوى الوطن لمقاومة إسرائيل وعملائها بالإضافة إلى شهداء الواجب في الجيش اللبناني والأمن الداخلي ومازال شباب حاروف في طليعة المقاومين بالإضافة إلى العديد من الجرحى والمعوّقين من القتال.

الوصلات الخارجية
 موقع حاروف

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة النبطية
تجمعات شيعية في لبنان
قرى جبل عامل
مدن لبنان
منطقة النبطية
أماكن مأهولة في قضاء النبطية

حاروف


Sukhoj Su-5 () eller I-107 var en prototype til et jagerfly udviklet af den sovjetiske flydesigner Pavel Sukhoj og dennes designbureau Sukhoj OKB i slutningen af 2. verdenskrig. Flyet blev drevet af en kombination af en traditionel stempelmotor og en motorjet.

Flyets motor brød dog sammen under testflyvningerne og grundet problemer med at skaffe en erstatningsmotor, blev projektet forsinket. Prototypen havde endvidere problemer med at opnå de opstillede krav, hvorfor Sovjetunionen i 1946 skrinlagde projektet.

Udvikling
I januar 1944 påbegyndte designbureauet O.P. Sukhoj de indledende beregninger for et en-sædet jagerfly, der skulle drives af en traditionel stempelmotor i flyets næse og en jetmotor i flyets haleparti. Jetmotoren (en motorjet) skulle drives af stempelmotoren via en aksel. Som stempelmotor blev valgt den nyudviklede vandkølede V-12 Klimov VK-107, der blev anvendt i Jakolevs Jak-9. Sukhoj sendte det færdige design til myndighederne med henblik på en godkendelse af projektet. Ved beslutning den 22. maj 1944 pålagde myndighederne Pavel Sukhoj at "designe og bygge et enkeltsædet eksperimentalfly med VK-107A motoren udstyret med en ekstra motorjet designet og bygget af TsIAM…".

Nazi-Tyskland havde allerede i 1942 påbegyndt udviklingen af den turbojet-drevne Messerschmitt Me 262 og havde indsat flyet i aktiv tjeneste i april 1944. Sovjetunionen var derfor opsat på at udvikle hurtigere fly, der kunne imødegå truslen fra Me 262 og de øvrige jetfly, der var under udvikling i perioden. Sovjetunionen havde imidlertid ikke udviklet en produktionsklar turbojet-motor, hvorfor man koncentrerede kræfterne om at udvikle fly med motorer bestående af en kombination af en traditionel stempeldrevet motor og små raketter eller jetmotorer.

Sukhojs projekt hed oprindelig I-107 og blev udviklet parallelt med Mikojan-Gurevitj' konceptuelt lignende design I-250. I-107, senere omdøbt til Su-5, var et konventionelt monoplan bygget af metal. Motorjetten fra VRDK () var monteret i halepartiet og var drevet af VK-107A-motoren ved hjælp af en aksel gennem skroget. Motorjetten kunne forøge flyets hastighed med mellem 90 og 110 km/t i tre minutter.

Udviklingen af Su-5 var plaget af vanskeligheder ved at få leveret en brugbar motor til flyet. Først den 6. april 1945 kunne flyet flyve sin jomfruflyvning. VK-107A motoren var dog ikke fuldt pålidelig, og flyet opnåede følgelig begrænset flyvetid under de udførte tests. Under tests opnåede flyet en hastighed på 793 km/t i 4.350 m højde under brug af motorjet. Testflyvningerne måtte imidlertid afbrydes den 15. juni 1945, da Klimov-motoren brød definitivt sammen. Der blev senere skaffet en ny motor, der blev anvendt indtil den 18. oktober 1945, hvor motoren var slidt op. Der kunne ikke skaffes flere VK-107A-motorer, idet myndighederne valgte at anvende de få VK-107A motorer til MiG's I-250, der blev produceret i et begrænset antal som MiG-13. Ved beslutningen i november 1946 skrinlagde Sovjetunionen en række udviklingsprojekter med fly, der blev anset for forældede eller fejlslagne, herunder Su-5. På dette tidspunkt var Sovjetunionen i gang med udvikling af andre jagerfly med turbojetmotorer.

Tilsvarende flytyper
Mikojan-Gurevitj I-250

Noter

Su-005
Su-005
Su-005
Su-005
Su-005

Sukhoj Su-5


The Armstrong Whitworth A.W.38 Whitley was a British medium bomber aircraft of the 1930s. It was one of three twin-engined, front line medium bomber types that were in service with the Royal Air Force (RAF) at the outbreak of the Second World War. Alongside the Vickers Wellington and the Handley Page Hampden, the Whitley was developed during the mid-1930s according to Air Ministry Specification B.3/34, which it was subsequently selected to meet. In 1937, the Whitley formally entered into RAF squadron service; it was the first of the three medium bombers to be introduced.

Following the outbreak of war in September 1939, the Whitley participated in the first RAF bombing raid upon German territory and remained an integral part of the early British bomber offensive. In 1942 it was superseded as a bomber by the larger four-engined "heavies" such as the Avro Lancaster. Its front-line service included maritime reconnaissance with Coastal Command and the second line roles of glider-tug, trainer and transport aircraft. The type was also procured by British Overseas Airways Corporation as a civilian freighter aircraft. The aircraft was named after Whitley, a suburb of Coventry, home of Whitley plant, belonging to Armstrong Whitworth.

Development

Origins

In July 1934, the Air Ministry issued Specification B.3/34, seeking a heavy night bomber/troop transport to replace the Handley Page Heyford biplane bomber. This combination bomber/transport was part of the RAF's concept of fighting wars in distant British Empire locations, where the aircraft would fly into the theatre of action carrying troops and then provide air support.

John Lloyd, the Chief Designer of Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft, chose to respond to the specification with the AW.38 design, which later was given the name Whitley after the location of Armstrong Whitworth's main factory. The design of the AW.38 was a development of the Armstrong Whitworth AW.23 bomber-transport design that had lost to the Bristol Bombay for the earlier Specification C.26/31.

Lloyd selected the Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IX radial engine to power the Whitley, which was capable of generating . One of the novel features of the Whitley's design was the adoption of a three-bladed two-position variable-pitch propeller built by de Havilland; the Whitley was the first aircraft to fly with such an arrangement.

As Lloyd was unfamiliar with the use of flaps on a large heavy monoplane, they were initially omitted from the design. To compensate, the mid-set wings were set at a high angle of incidence (8.5°) to confer good take-off and landing performance. Flaps were included late in the design stage, the wing remained unaltered; as a result, the Whitley flew with a pronounced nose-down attitude when at cruising speed, resulting in considerable drag.

The Whitley holds the distinction of having been the first RAF aircraft with a semi-monocoque fuselage, which was built using a slab-sided structure to ease production. This replaced the tubular construction method traditionally employed by Armstrong Whitworth, who instead constructed the airframe from light-alloy rolled sections, pressings and corrugated sheets. According to aviation author Philip Moyes, the decision to adopt the semi-monocoque fuselage was a significant advance in design; many Whitleys surviving severe damage on operations.

In June 1935, owing to the urgent need to replace biplane heavy bombers then in service with the RAF, it was agreed to produce an initial 80 aircraft, 40 being of an early Whitley Mk I standard and the other 40 being more advanced Whitley Mk IIs. Production was initially at three factories in Coventry; fuselages and detailed components were fabricated at Whitley Abbey, panel-beating and much of the detailed work at the former Coventry Ordnance Works factory, while wing fabrication and final assembly took placed at Baginton Aerodrome. During 1935 and 1936, various contracts were placed for the type; the Whitley was ordered "off the drawing board" - prior to the first flights of any of the prototypes.

On 17 March 1936, the first prototype Whitley Mk I, K4586, conducted its maiden flight from Baginton Aerodrome, piloted by Armstrong Whitworth Chief Test Pilot Alan Campbell-Orde. K4586 was powered by a pair of  Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IX 14-cylinder air-cooled aircraft radial engines. The second prototype, K4587, was furnished with a pair of more powerful medium-supercharged Tiger XI engines. The prototypes differed little from the initial production standard aircraft; a total of 34 production Whitley Mk I were completed.

Further development
After the first 34 aircraft had been completed, the engines were replaced with the more reliable two-speed-supercharged Tiger VIIIs. K7243, the 27th production Whitley, is believed to have served as a prototype following modifications. The resulting aircraft was designated as the Whitley Mk II. A total of 46 production aircraft were completed to the Whitley Mk II standard. One Whitley Mk II, K7243, was used as a test bed for the  21-cylinder radial Armstrong Siddeley Deerhound engine; on 6 January 1939, K7243 made its first flight with the Deerhound. Another Whitley Mk I, K7208, was modified to operate with a higher () gross weight.

K7211, the 29th production Whitley, served as the prototype for a further advanced variant of the aircraft, the Whitley Mk III. The Whitley Mk III featured numerous improvements, such as the replacement of the manually operated nose turret with a single powered Nash & Thompson turret and a powered retractable twin-gun ventral "dustbin" turret. The ventral turret was hydraulically-powered but proved to be hard to operate and added considerable drag, thus the Whitley Mk III was the only variant with it. Other changes included increased dihedral of the outer wing panels, superior navigational provision and the installation of new bomb racks. A total of 80 Whitley Mk III aircraft were manufactured.

While the Tiger VIII engine used in the Whitley Mks II and III was more reliable than those used in early aircraft, the Whitley was re-engined with Rolls-Royce Merlin engines in 1938, giving rise to the Whitley Mk IV. Three Whitley Mk I aircraft, K7208, K7209 and K7211, were initially re-engined to serve as prototypes. The new engines are credited with producing greatly improved performance. Other changes made included the replacement of the manually operated tail and retractable ventral turrets with a Nash & Thompson powered tail turret equipped with four .303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine guns, the increasing of fuel tankage capacity, including two additional fuel tanks in the wing. A total of 40 Whitley Mk IV and Whitley Mk IVA, a sub-variant featuring more powerful models of the Merlin engine, were completed.

The decision was made to introduce a series of other minor improvements to produce the Whitley Mk V. These included the modification of the tail fins and rudders, the fitting of leading edge de-icers, further fuel capacity increases, a smaller D/F loop in a streamlined fairing being adopted, and the extension of the rear fuselage by 15 in (381 mm) to improve the rear-gunner's field of fire. The Whitley Mk V was by far the most numerous version of the aircraft, with 1,466 built until production ended in June 1943.

The Whitley Mk VII was the final variant to be built. Unlike the other variants, it was developed for service with RAF Coastal Command and was thus furnished for maritime reconnaissance rather than as a general purpose bomber. A Whitley Mk V, P3949 acted as a prototype for this variant. A total of 146 Whitley Mk VIIs were produced, additional Whitley Mk V aircraft being converted to the standard. It had a sixth crew member to operate the new ASV Mk II radar system along with an increased fuel capacity for long endurance anti-shipping missions. Some Whitley Mk VII were later converted as trainer aircraft, featuring additional seating and instrumentation for flight engineers.

Early marks of the Whitley featured bomb bay doors, fitted on the fuselage and wing bays, that were held shut by bungee cords; during bombing operations, these were opened by the weight of the bombs as they fell on them and closed again by the bungee cord. The short and unpredictable delay for the doors to open led to highly inaccurate bombing. The Mk.III introduced hydraulic doors which greatly improved bombing accuracy. To aim bombs, the bomb aimer opened a hatch in the nose of the aircraft, which extended the bomb sight out of the fuselage but the Mk IV replaced this hatch with a slightly extended transparent plexiglas panel, improving crew comfort.

Design

The Armstrong Whitworth Whitley was a twin-engined heavy bomber, initially being powered by a pair of . Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IX radial engines. More advanced models of the Tiger engine equipped some of the later variants of the Whitley; starting with the Whitley Mk IV variant, the Tigers were replaced by a pair of  Rolls-Royce Merlin IV V12 engines. According to Moyes, the adoption of the Merlin engine gave the Whitley a considerable boost in performance.

The Whitley had a crew of five: a pilot, co-pilot/navigator, a bomb aimer, a wireless operator and a rear gunner. The pilot and second pilot/navigator sat side by side in the cockpit, with the wireless operator further back. The navigator, his seat mounted on rails and able to pivot, slid backwards and rotated to the left to use the chart table behind him after take-off. The bomb aimer position was in the nose with a gun turret located directly above. The fuselage aft of the wireless operator was divided horizontally by the bomb bay; behind the bomb bay was the main entrance and aft of that the rear turret. The bombs were stowed in two bomb bays housed within the fuselage, along with a further 14 smaller cells in the wing. Other sources state there were 16 "cells", two groups of two in the fuselage and four groups of three in the wings, plus two smaller cells for parachute flares in the rear fuselage. Bomb racks capable of holding larger bombs were installed on the Whitley Mk III variant.

The early examples had a nose turret and rear turret, both being manually operated with one Vickers 0.303 machine gun apiece. On the Whitley Mk III this arrangement was substantially revised: a new retractable ventral 'dustbin' position was installed mounting twin .303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine-guns and the nose turret was also upgraded to a Nash & Thompson power-operated turret. On the Whitley Mk IV, the tail and ventral turrets were replaced with a Nash & Thompson power-operated tail turret mounting four Browning .303 machine guns; upon the adoption of this turret arrangement, the Whitley became the most powerfully armed bomber in the world against attacks from the rear.

The fuselage comprised three sections, with the main frames being riveted with the skin and the intermediate sections being riveted to the inside flanges of the longitudinal stringers. Extensive use of Alclad sheeting was made. Fuel was carried in three tanks, a pair of  tanks in the leading edge of each outer wing and one  tank in the roof of the fuselage, over the spar center section; two auxiliary fuel tanks could be installed in the front fuselage bomb bay compartment. The inner leading edges contained the oil tanks, which doubled as radiant oil coolers. To ease production, a deliberate effort was made to reduce component count and standardise parts. The fuselage proved to be robust enough to withstand severe damage.

The Whitley featured a large rectangular-shaped wing; its appearance led to the aircraft receiving the nickname "the flying barn door". Like the fuselage, the wings were formed from three sections, being built up around a large box spar with the leading and trailing edges being fixed onto the spar at each rib point. The forward surfaces of the wings were composed of flush-riveted, smooth and unstressed metal sheeting; the rear 2/3rds aft of the box spar to the trailing edge, as well as the ailerons and split flaps was fabric covered. The inner structure of the split flaps was composed of duralumin and ran between the ailerons and the fuselage, being set at a 15–20 degree position for taking off and at a 60 degree position during landing. The tailplanes employed a similar construction to that of the wings, the fins being braced to the fuselage using metal struts; the elevators and rudders incorporated servo-balancing trim tabs.

Operational history

Military service

On 9 March 1937, the Whitley Mk I began entering squadron service with No. 10 Squadron of the RAF, replacing their Handley Page Heyford biplanes. In January 1938, the Whitley Mk II first entered squadron service with No. 58 Squadron and in August 1938, the Whitley Mk III first entered service with No. 51 Squadron. In May 1939, the Whitley Mk IV first entered service with No. 10 Squadron and in August 1939, the Whitley Mk IVA first entered service with No. 78 Squadron. By the outbreak of the Second World War, seven squadrons were operational, the majority of these flying Whitley III or IV aircraft, while the Whitley V had only just been introduced to service; 196 Whitleys were on charge with the RAF.

At the start of the war, 4 Group, equipped with the Whitley, was the only trained night bomber force in the world. Alongside the Handley Page Hampden and the Vickers Wellington, the Whitley bore the brunt of the early fighting and saw action during the first night of the war, when they dropped propaganda leaflets over Germany. The propaganda flight made the Whitley the first aircraft of RAF Bomber Command to penetrate into Germany. Further propaganda flights would travel as far as Berlin, Prague, and Warsaw. On the night of 19/20 March 1940, in conjunction with Hampdens, the Whitley conducted the first bombing raid on German soil, attacking the Hörnum seaplane base on the Island of Sylt. Following the Hörnum raid, Whitleys routinely patrolled the Frisian Islands, targeting shipping and seaplane activity.

Unlike the Hampden and Wellington, which had met Specification B.9/32 for a day bomber, the Whitley was always intended for night operations and escaped the early heavy losses received during daylight raids carried out upon German shipping. As the oldest of the three bombers, the Whitley was obsolete by the start of the war, yet over 1,000 more aircraft were produced before a suitable replacement was found. A particular problem with the radar-equipped Mk VII, with the addition of the drag-producing aerials, was that it could not maintain altitude on one engine. Whitleys flew a total of 8,996 operations with Bomber Command, dropped 9,845 tons (8,931 tonnes) of bombs and 269 aircraft were lost in action.

On the night of 11/12 June 1940, the Whitley carried out Operation Haddock, the first RAF bombing raid on Italy, only a few hours after Italy's declaration of war; the Whitleys bombed Turin and Genoa, reaching northern Italy via a refuelling stop in the Channel Islands. Many leading World War II bomber pilots of the RAF flew Whitleys at some point in their career, including Don Bennett, James Tait, and Leonard Cheshire.

On the night of 10/11 February 1941, six Whitley Vs of 51 Squadron led by Tait took part in Operation Colossus, the first airborne operation undertaken by the British military, delivering paratroops to attack the Tragino Aqueduct in southern Italy. The Whitley was not always popular with paratroopers as they exited via a bin like chute in the floor. If this was not timed correctly the airflow would drag the paratrooper out resulting in nasty injuries to the face against the lip of the chute known as a Whitley kiss.

On the night of 29/30 April 1942 No. 58 Squadron, flying Whitleys, bombed the Port of Ostend in Belgium. This was the last operational mission by a Whitley-equipped bomber squadron. In late 1942, the Whitley was retired from service as a frontline aircraft for bomber squadrons and was shifted to other roles. The type continued to operate delivering supplies and agents in the Special Duties squadrons (138 and 161) until December 1942, as well as serving as a transport for troops and freight, a carrier for paratroopers and a tow aircraft for gliders. In 1940, the Whitley had been selected as the standard paratroop transport; in this role, the ventral turret aperture was commonly modified to be used for the egress of paratroopers. No. 100 Group RAF used Whitleys to carry radar and electronic counter-measures. In February 1942, Whitleys were used to carry the paratroopers who participated in the Bruneval raid, code named Operation Biting, in which German radar components were captured from a German base on the coast of France.

Long-range Coastal Command Mk VII variants were among the last Whitleys remaining in front-line service, remaining in service until early 1943. The first U-boat kill attributed to the Whitley Mk VII was the sinking of the  on 17 July 1942, which was achieved in combination with a Lancaster heavy bomber. Having evaluated the Whitley in 1942, the Fleet Air Arm operated a number of modified ex-RAF Mk VIIs from 1944 to 1946, to train aircrew in Merlin engine management and fuel transfer procedures.

Civilian service
In April/May 1942, the British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) operated 15 Whitley Mk V aircraft which had been converted into freighters. The conversion process involved the removal of all armaments, the turret recesses were faired over, additional fuel tanks were installed in the bomb bay, the interior of the fuselage was adapted for freight stowage, and at least one aircraft was fitted with an enlarged cargo door. The type was typically used for night supply flights from Gibraltar to Malta; the route took seven hours, and would often require landing during Axis air attacks on their arrival at Malta. Whitley freighters also flew the dangerous route between RAF Leuchars, Scotland and Stockholm, Sweden. The Whitley consumed a disproportionally large quantity of fuel to carry a relatively small payload and there were other reasons making the type less than ideal, so, in August 1942, the type was replaced by the Lockheed Hudson and the 14 survivors were returned to the RAF.

Variants

Following the two prototypes (K4586 and K4587), at the outbreak of the war the RAF had 207 Whitleys in service ranging from Mk I to Mk IV types, with improved versions following:

Mk I
A.W. Type 188. Powered by  Armstrong Siddeley Tiger IX air-cooled radial engines, 4 degrees of dihedral incorporated into each outer wing panel, with earlier aircraft being retrospectively modified: 34 built.

Mk II
A.W. Type 197 (some Type 220). Powered by  two-speed supercharged Tiger VIII engines: 46 built.

Mk III
A.W. Type 205. Powered by Tiger VIII engines, retractable "dustbin" ventral turret fitted aft of the wing root armed with two .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns, hydraulically operated bomb bay doors and ability to carry larger bombs: 80 built.

Mk IV
A.W. Type 209. Powered by  Rolls-Royce Merlin IV inline liquid-cooled engines, increased fuel capacity, extended bomb-aimer's transparency, manually operated tail and retractable ventral turrets replaced with a single Nash & Thompson powered tail turret equipped with four .303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine guns, produced from 1938: 33 built.

Mk IVA
A.W. Type 210. Mk IV variant powered by  Merlin X engines made by fitting Merlin X engines on last Mk IV's on production line: seven built.

Mk V
A.W. Type 207. The main wartime production version based on the Mk IV, modified straight-edged fins, leading edge de-icing, tail fuselage aft or empennage extended by 15 in (381 mm) to improve the tail gunner's field of fire. First flew in December 1938, production ceased in June 1943: 1,466 built.

Mk VI
Proposed Pratt & Whitney G.R.1830 Twin Wasp-powered version of Mk V in case of Merlin production shortfall: none built.

Mk VII
A.W. Type 217. Designed for service with Coastal Command and carried a sixth crew member, capable of longer-range flights (2,300 mi/3,700 km compared to the early version's 1,250 mi/2,011 km) having additional fuel tanks fitted in the bomb bay and fuselage, equipped with Air to Surface Vessel (ASV) radar for anti-shipping patrols with an additional four 'stickleback' dorsal radar masts and other antennae: 146 built. Being heavier and less efficient with its aerials, this Mk could not maintain altitude on only one engine.

Operators

Military operators

 Royal Air Force
 No. 7 Squadron RAF between March 1938 and May 1939.
 No. 10 Squadron RAF between March 1937 and December 1941.
 No. 51 Squadron RAF between February 1938 and October 1942.
 No. 53 Squadron RAF between  February 1943 and May 1943.
 No. 58 Squadron RAF between October 1937 and January 1943.
 No. 76 Squadron RAF between September 1939 and April 1940.
 No. 77 Squadron RAF between November 1938 and October 1942.
 No. 78 Squadron RAF between July 1937 and March 1942.
 No. 97 Squadron RAF between February 1939 and May 1940.
 No. 102 Squadron RAF between October 1938 and February 1942.
 No. 103 Squadron RAF between October 1940 and June 1942.
 No. 109 Squadron RAF operated only one aircraft (P5047).
 No. 115 Squadron RAF during 1938
 No. 138 Squadron RAF between August 1941 and October 1942.
 No. 161 Squadron RAF between February 1942 and December 1942.
 No. 166 Squadron RAF between July 1938 and April 1940.
 No. 295 Squadron RAF between August 1942 and November 1943.
 No. 296 Squadron RAF between June 1943 and March 1943.
 No. 297 Squadron RAF between February 1942 and February 1944.
 No. 298 Squadron RAF between August 1942 and October 1942.
 No. 299 Squadron RAF between November 1943 and January 1944.
 No. 502 Squadron RAF between October 1940 and February 1943.
 No. 612 Squadron RAF between November 1940 and June 1943.
 No. 619 Squadron RAF between April 1943 and January 1944.
 No. 1419 Flight RAF
 No. 1473 Flight RAF
 No. 1478 Flight RAF
 No. 1481 Flight RAF
 No. 1484 Flight RAF
 No. 1485 Flight RAF
 No. 1486 Flight RAF
 No. 1 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit RAF
 No. 10 Operational Training Unit RAF
 No. 81 Operational Training Unit RAF
 No. 19 Operational Training Unit RAF
 No. 24 Operational Training Unit RAF
 No. 29 Operational Training Unit RAF
 No. 58 Operational Training Unit RAF
 No. 81 Operational Training Unit RAF
 No. 83 Operational Training Unit RAF
 Parachute Training School
 Parachute Section, 13 Maintenance Unit
 Fleet Air Arm
 734 Naval Air Squadron operated Whitleys between February 1944 and February 1946.

Civil operators

 British Overseas Airways Corporation

Surviving aircraft

No complete aircraft of the 1,814 Whitleys produced remains. The Whitley Project is rebuilding an example from salvaged remains, and a fuselage section is displayed at the Midland Air Museum (MAM), whose site is adjacent to the airfield from where the Whitley's maiden flight took place.

Specifications (Whitley Mk V)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography
 "A Modern Heavy Bomber." Flight, 21 October 1937, pp. 396–402.
 Cheshire, Leonard. Leonard Cheshire V.C. Bomber Pilot. St. Albans, Herts, UK: Mayflower, 1975 (reprint of 1943 edition). .

 Donald, David and Jon Lake. Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. London: AIRtime Publishing, 1996. .
 Green, William. Famous Bombers of the Second World War. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1959, (third revised edition 1975). .
 Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. "Armstrong Whitworth's Willing Whitley" Air Enthusiast. No. 9, February–May 1979. Bromley, Kent, UK., pp. 10–25.
 Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: RAF Bombers, Part 1. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1979. .

 Jackson, A. J. British Civil Aircraft since 1919 (Volume 1). London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1973. .
 Mason, Francis K. The British Bomber since 1914. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1994. .

 Moyes, Philip J. R. The Armstrong Whitworth Whitley. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications, 1967.

 Thetford, Owen. Aircraft of the Royal Aircraft, 1918–57. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1957.
 Turner-Hughes, Charles. "Armstrong Whitworth's Willing Whitley". Air Enthusiast, No. 9, February–May 1979, pp. 10–25. .
 Wixey, Ken. Armstrong Whitworth Whitley (Warpaint Series No. 21). Denbigh East, Bletchley, UK: Hall Park Books, 1999.

External links

 The Whitley Project
 Flight cutaway of Whitley
 Machine Gun Skeet  August 1940 Popular Mechanics

Whitley
1930s British bomber aircraft
World War II British bombers
Glider tugs
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft
Mid-wing aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1936

Armstrong Whitworth Whitley


La temporada 2012 de la J. League fue la XLVII° edición de la máxima categoría del fútbol japonés y XX° desde el establecimiento de la J. League. La temporada comenzó el 10 de marzo y finalizó el 1 de diciembre.

El Campeón de la J. League 2012 fue el Sanfrecce Hiroshima, obteniendo así su primer título de esta edición y su sexto en competiciones de su propio país. El título japonés le permitió al club campeón clasificar a la Copa Mundial de Clubes de la FIFA 2012 como el club anfitrión del más importante torneo de clubes realizado por sexta vez en Japón.

Ascensos y descensos

Equipos participantes
Ventforet Kofu, Avispa Fukuoka y Montedio Yamagata fueron descendidos al final de la temporada 2011 después de terminar en los tres últimos lugares de la tabla. Avispa Fukuoka y Ventforet Kofu volvió a J2 después de sólo una temporada en la máxima categoría, mientras que Montedio Yamagata fueron relegados después de tres temporadas en J1.

Los tres equipos relegados fueron reemplazados en 2011 J. League 2: F.C. Tokyo, el subcampeón Sagan Tosu y el tercer clasificado, el equipo de Consadole Sapporo. F.C. Tokyo hizo un retorno inmediato a la primera división, mientras que Consadole Sapporo puso fin a una ausencia de tres años. Al final, Sagan Tosu alcanzó la J1 después de trece temporadas en la segunda división.

Posiciones

Goleadores

Actualizado a los partidos jugados hasta el 1 de diciembre de 2012.
Fuente Oficial: División 1 J. League 2012

Referencias

2012
Fútbol en Japón en 2012

J. League Division 1 2012


نيلوري واحدة من سلالات البقر من أصل (زيبو) جائت أصلا من الهند إلى البرازيل من منطقة تسمى ولاية أندرا براديش وتتميز هذه السلالة بحدبه الكبيرة فوق الكتف والرقبة. لها سيقان طويلة والتي تساعدها على السير في المياه.

و تتكيف هذه السلالة مع كل أنواع المناخ ما عدا المناخ البارد جدا. تعتبر مقاومه للاجواء الحارة وتقاوم مختلف الامراض والطفيليات. تعتبر البرازيل أكبر مربي لهذه السلالة وتتميز بأصغر آذان من السلالات الأخرى.
(الرابطة البرازيليه للمربي الزيبو) تقوم على الحفاظ على هذه السلالة وتنظم معارض سنوية للمنتجين لعرض أفضل السلالات وتحسينها وراثياً.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 النيلوري معلومات إضافية

سلالات أبقار
سلالات ماشية

سلالات ماشية نشأت في الهند

نيلوري


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|Auflösungsdatum=
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Der Gerichtsbezirk Völkermarkt ist einer von elf Gerichtsbezirken in Kärnten und einer von dreien im politischen Bezirk Völkermarkt. Der übergeordnete Gerichtshof ist das Landesgericht Klagenfurt.

Geschichte
1977 wurde der Gerichtsbezirk Eberndorf aufgelöst und die Gemeinden Eberndorf und Sankt Kanzian am Klopeiner See wurden dem Gerichtsbezirk Völkermarkt zugewiesen.

Gerichtssprengel
Einwohner: Stand

Städte
 Völkermarkt ( Ew.)

Marktgemeinden
 Eberndorf ()
 Griffen ()

Gemeinden
 Diex ()
 Ruden ()
 Sankt Kanzian am Klopeiner See ()

Siehe auch
 Gerichtsorganisation in Österreich
 Liste österreichischer Gerichte

Weblinks
 Gerichtssuche in der Gerichtsdatenbank des Bundesministeriums für Justiz

Einzelnachweise
 : Verordnung Gerichtsbezirke in Kärnten 1972
 : Verordnung Auflösung von Bezirksgerichten 1977

Bezirk Völkermarkt
Völkermarkt

Gerichtsbezirk Völkermarkt


Unter Pädagogischer Professionalität im engeren Sinne versteht man neben der in Bildungsstätten erworbenen Wissensbasis auch die Anwendbarkeit dieses Wissens in komplexen und spezifischen Arbeitssituationen.

Pädagogische Professionalität vollständig zu erreichen, ist nach aktuellem Forschungsstand und Expertenmeinungen nicht möglich, da dieser Prozess einerseits zu langwierig, andererseits aufgrund der Rahmenbedingungen nicht abschließbar sei.

Die Lehrperson muss sich jedoch mit der Diskrepanz des Bildungssystems arrangieren und mit den Voraussetzungen als Experte professionell umgehen.

Daher ist eine Verschränkung der Voraussetzungs- und Lehrerperspektive nötig, um ein weitgehend professionelles Handeln zu ermöglichen.

Von der Profession zur Professionalität
Die Bezeichnung Profession stammt aus der amerikanischen Berufssoziologie der 1960er Jahre, in welcher das Professionen-Modell entwickelt wurde. Folgende Bedingungen mussten erfüllt sein, damit ein Beruf als Profession anerkannt wurde:
 akademische Ausbildung
 entsprechende Sozialisation
 Arbeitsautonomie

Da nicht alle Kriterien auf den Lehramtsberuf zutreffen gilt dieser nicht in gleicher Weise als Profession, wie zum Beispiel juristische Berufe. In der Bildungswissenschaft wird der Begriff Professionalität verwendet, da dieser analytisch-reflexive Handlungsprozesse und dessen Anforderungen fokussiert.

Professionalität im Lehrberuf

Komponenten pädagogischer Professionalität
Aufgrund der Komplexität des Lehrberufs ist für eine professionelle Ausübung im Alltag die Trias aus Wissen, Handlungsroutine und Ethos entscheidend.

 Wissen versteht sich sowohl fachwissenschaftlich als auch fachdidaktisch, da auch das Wissen über die Lehrbarkeit des Fachwissens von Bedeutung ist.
 Die Handlungsroutine ermöglicht der Lehrperson, in vielfältigen Unterrichts- und Erziehungssituationen Entscheidungen zu treffen, die in der einzelnen Situation zum optimalen Ergebnis führen.
 Unter Ethos versteht man die Einstellung und die Haltung des Lehrers zum und im Lehrberuf. Verantwortung und Engagement sowie die Einhaltung bestimmter Grundsätze legen den Grundstein für professionelles Handeln.

Hinzuzufügen wäre eine vierte und entscheidende Komponente pädagogischer Professionalität: ein pädagogisch instruiertes Zeitmanagement. Dabei stehen operative Entscheidungen der Lehrperson im Zentrum, die es ermöglichen, die verschiedenen Zeitfenster derart zu koordinieren, dass individuelles Lernen mit größtmöglichem Erfolg stattfinden kann, und zwar die Zeit des Lehrens (z. B. rhetorisch aufgebauter Lehrervortrag: inventio, dispositio, elocutio, memoria, pronuntiatio) aus der Perspektive der vorbereiteten Lehrperson, die Zeit individuellen Lernens (z. B. Aufmerksamkeit, Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit, Verstehen/Missverstehen, Aneignen, Üben) und die Zeit der pädagogischen Kommunikation.

Nach einem gewandelten Begriffsverständnis unterscheidet Ewald Terhart grundsätzlich drei "Bestimmungsansätze von Professionalität im Lehrerberuf",  einen strukturtheoretischen, einen kompetenzorientierten und einen "berufsbiographischen Bestimmungsansatz".

Professionalität in der Grundschule
Notwendige Voraussetzungen für eine professionelle Entwicklung der Lehrperson sind die Gestaltungsfreiheit und Autonomie im Bereich der Unterrichtsgestaltung und eine hohe Verantwortung für die Schüler im Schulalltag. Erreichbar ist dies am besten in der Grundschule bzw. Primarstufe, da in dieser das fächerübergreifende Klassenlehrsystem den Unterricht zeitlich flexibler macht und die Öffnung des Unterrichts methodische Variationen ermöglicht. Die Lehrperson kann somit nahezu autonom unterrichten.

Studien zur Professionalisierungs- und Expertiseforschung im Lehrberuf (Bauer/Burkard 1992, Bauer u. a. 1996) bestätigen, dass im Besonderen für den Primarstufenbereich eine hohe Kultur der pädagogischen Professionalität festzustellen ist.

Domänen – Bausteine einer professionellen Praxis
Die EPIK-Studie und das Fünf-Faktoren-Modell haben durch die Ergebnisse ihrer Untersuchungen über die Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten des professionellen Lehrers fünf Kompetenzfelder entworfen, deren Inhalte den Profi vom Laien unterscheiden. Diese Kompetenzfelder werden nach dem EPIK-Ansatz Domänen, nach dem Fünf-Faktoren-Modell die Big Five (B5) genannt.

 Professionsbewusstsein – sich als Experte/Expertin wahrnehmen
 Personal Mastery – die Kraft individueller Könnerschaft
 Kooperation und Kollegialität – Die Produktivität von Zusammenarbeit
 Differenzfähigkeit – der Umgang mit großen und kleinen Unterschieden
 Reflexions- und Diskursfähigkeit – das Teilen von Wissen und Können

Siehe auch
 Professionalisierung
 Personalentwicklung in Schulen
 Experte
 Spezialisierung

Einzelnachweise

Pädagogik

Pädagogische Professionalität


EHF Champions League 2017-18 er den 26. udgave af EHF Champions League for kvinder, som er en turnering for de bedste håndboldklubber i Europa for kvinder og arrangeres af European Handball Federation.

Győri Audi ETO KC, vandt turneringen over russiske Rostov-Don i finalen, med 25-24.

Turneringsformat
16 hold vil deltage i turneringen, delt i fire grupper, hvor der spilles alle mod alle, hjemme og ude. De tre øverstplacerede hold i hver gruppe vil avancere til mellemrunden.
 Mellemrunden
De 12 hold som har kvalificeret sig til mellemrunden vil blive delt op i to grupper, hvor de igen spilles alle mod alle, ude og hjemme. De point, man har samlet mod de andre kvalificerede hold fra sin indledende gruppe, vil blive taget med over. De fire øverstplacerede hold vil avancere til kvartfinalerne.
 Kvartfinaler
I kvartfinalerne vil det fjerdebedste hold fra Gruppe 1 spille mod det bedste hold fra Gruppe 2 og det tredje bedste hold fra Gruppe 1 vil spille mod det andet bedste hold fra Gruppe 2 osv. Kvartfinalekampene spilles ude og hjemme og her gælder reglen om udebanemål.

Final 4
I Final 4-turneringen er de fire vindere fra kvartfinalerne kvalificeret. Der bliver trukket lod om, hvem der møder hinanden i semifinalerne, og efter semifinalerne spilles der bronzekamp og finale.

Holdtildeling
14 hold er direkte kvalificerede til gruppekampene, og otte hold skal kæmpe for de to resterende pladser.

Lodtrækningsdatoer

Kilder
Ofiiciel website

2018-19 (kvinder)
Håndbold i 2018
Håndbold i 2019

EHF Champions League 2018-19 (kvinder)


Pittosporeae, tribus biljaka iz porodice pitosporovki, dio reda celerolike.

Saastoji se od 4 roda, poglavito grmlja ili manjeg drveća

Rodovi
 Bursaria Cav. (8 spp.)
 Auranticarpa L.W.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford (6 spp.)
 Pittosporum Gaertn. (219 spp.)
 Hymenosporum R.Br. ex F.Muell. (1 sp.)

Izvori

Pitosporovke

Pittosporeae


Olaylar
 26 Temmuz - Utrecht Birliği'ne bağlı Kuzey Hollanda eyaletleri (Güney Hollanda, Zeeland, Utrecht, Gelderland, Overijssel, Groningen ve Friesland) İspanya kralı II. Felipe'den bağımsızlıklarını ilan ettiler.

Doğumlar

Ölümler
 3 Şubat 1581 - Mahidevran Sultan, Osmanlı Padişahı I. Süleyman'ın eşi, Şehzade Mustafa'nın annesi.
 11 Temmuz - Peder Skram (d. ?)

1581


Lypky (en ) est un quartier historique du centre de Kiev, la capitale de l'Ukraine. C'est une partie du raïon de Petchersk.

Lypky est de facto le quartier gouvernemental de l'Ukraine puisqu'il abrite des bâtiments de la Rada, de l'administration présidentielle, et des résidences et des hôtels traditionnellement utilisés par les hommes politiques, ce qui lui donne une connotation de quartier pour l'élite. Les rues de Lypky ont été le théâtre des épisodes les plus sanglants de la révolution Euromaïdan (2013-2014).

Son nom est issu du nom local du tilleul (en ukrainien : липа).

Quartier de Kiev

Lypky