Mariano Rafael Castex (Buenos Aires, 10 de junio de 1886 - 30 de junio de 1968) fue un médico argentino.

Biografía
Mariano Rafael Castex nació el 10 de junio de 1886 en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, República Argentina, hijo de Mariano del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Castex Salisbury (1855, 1919) y de Petrona Rita Eduarda Susana Torres Arana (1866, 1937).

Proveniente de una familia de médicos, Mariano Castex ingresó a la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, donde se recibió en 1907.

Impartió clases de Fisiología e Higiene en el Colegio Nacional Mariano Moreno y aprovechando su fluido dominio de los idiomas inglés, francés y alemán, en 1908 viajó a Europa para perfeccionar sus estudios en las escuelas de los doctores Georges-Fernand Widal (París), Ludolf von Krehl (Heidelberg) y Rudolf Kraus (Berlín).

A su regreso en 1911 se hizo cargo de la cátedra de clínica médica del profesor Abel Ayerza, uno de los más destacados médicos de la época.

En 1913 fue puesto al frente de la Cátedra de Clínica Neurológica de la Facultad de Medicina.
Posteriormente fue designado jefe de las Salas V y VI de Clínica Médica del Hospital Durand.

Durante ese período escribió numerosas obras: Síndrome coledociano, Estudios de medicina social, El seguro obrero (1911), Los aminoácidos y la patología clínica (1912), La digitaloterapia (1913), Diabetes grave (1914), Conferencias de clínica médica (1915), Sífilis hereditaria tardía (1920) que obtuvo el premio Nacional de Ciencias de 1922.

El 18 de septiembre de 1926 se casó en la Basílica de San Francisco (Buenos Aires) con Clara Tomasa Ocampo Alvear (1901, 1988) con quien tuvo numerosos hijos: Delia Susana (1928, 2003), Clara Joaquina Melchora, Mariano Narciso, Susana Carmen, Elena, María Teresa Enriqueta y Jorge Emilio Castex Ocampo.

En 1929 volvió a obtener el premio Nacional de Ciencias con su obra La hipertensión arterial.

En 1925 la Universidad de Hamburgo lo distinguió con una medalla de oro. Durante su carrera recibió también distinciones de Francia, Italia, España, Grecia, Estados Unidos, Brasil y Uruguay.
Era profesor honoris causa de, entre otras universidades, París, Madrid, Oxford, Berlín, Montevideo, Sucre, Bruselas y Río de Janeiro. Mariano R. Castex, cuando aceptó el Vice-Rectorado de la UBA en tiempos de Uriburu (1930).

En 1931 fue designado Rector de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, aunque continuó trabajando en el Hospital de Clínicas.
En 1938, con motivo de su 25 aniversario como docente universitario, fue homenajeado por la Academia Nacional de Medicina instituyéndose un premio que llevaría su nombre.

Ese mismo año la Academia de Medicina de Buenos Aires lo nombró director del recientemente creado Instituto de Investigaciones Físicas Aplicadas a la Patología Humana.

El 19 de octubre de 1943 el gobierno de facto de Pedro Pablo Ramírez lo dejó cesante, junto a otros como Alejandro Ceballos y Bernardo Alberto Houssay, por firmar un manifiesto en apoyo a los aliados de la Segunda Guerra Mundial bajo el lema Democracia Efectiva y Solidaridad Americana. El 18 de octubre de ese año tras dictar su última cátedra fue homenajeado por profesores, médicos y alumnos de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. En 1945 fue reincorporado, pero dos años después renunció por resultarle incompatible el clima moral de la Universidad de aquellos tiempos. La autodenominada Revolución Libertadora lo designó en 1955 profesor honorario de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.

Desde entonces escribió Tratado de patología digestiva (1946) y Halistéresis (1950), sin tener en consideración numerosas publicaciones en revistas de su especialidad.
Fue presidente honorario perpetuo de la Academia Nacional de Medicina y profesor emérito de la Universidad Católica de Buenos Aires. En 1964 organizó y presidió el VIII Congreso Mundial de Medicina Interna.

Defensor de la tarea del médico clínico frente a una creciente especialización afirmó «Hoy la población se enferma y se dirige a un especialista como quien recurre a un plomero o un joyero que se dedica a una partecita del todo. Para el verdadero beneficio del paciente hace falta que el médico clínico investigue todo su cuerpo asociado a su historia familiar física y socioeconómica.»

Fundó y presidió la Sociedad de Medicina Interna de Buenos Aires, presidió la Sociedad Argentina de Gastroenterología y fue miembro fundador de varios institutos.

Falleció el 30 de junio de 1968 en su ciudad natal.
Tras ser velados en su domicilio de Zabala 2161, sus restos fueron trasladados a la sede de la Academia Nacional de Medicina.
A su sepelio asistieron entre otras personalidades del ámbito médico y académico Raúl A. Devoto (rector de la Universidad de Buenos Aires), Andrés A. Santas (decano de la Facultad de Medicina), Antonio Marín (decano de la Facultad de Ingeniería), Adolfo Tamini (decano de la Facultad de Odontología), el presidente de la Academia Nacional de Medicina (que suspendió sus actividades por ocho días en señal de duelo), la comisión directiva de la Asociación Médica Argentina encabezada por su presidente Eduardo L. Capdehourat, Juan Rafael Llerena Amadeo (subsecretario de Cultura y Educación de la nación) y Horacio C. Rivarola (presidente de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias y de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias Morales y Políticas).

La Secretaría de Cultura y Educación expresó «Que el extinto se destacó como auténtico maestro de juventudes, a las que transmitió su amor a la medicina, en su condición de investigador, médico y escritor. Que es deber de esta Secretaría rendir homenaje a quien, dentro de una ponderable línea de conducta, siguió los intereses y acreditó el prestigio de la República, a través de una descollante obra en el campo de la cultura y la ciencia.»

El gobierno nacional se adhirió al duelo mediante un decreto, en cuyos considerandos expresaba que con su muerte perdía «la Nación y la ciencia a uno de sus hijos dilectos, el que se hallaba asociado a cuanto de mayor relieve pueda mencionarse en el campo de la medicina, donde incursionó con apasionada vocación, obteniendo para él y para su patria brillantes distinciones.»

Fue sepultado en el Cementerio de la Recoleta.

También fue llamado Mariano Castex el hospital inaugurado en 1954 en el partido de General San Martín, actualmente llamado Hospital Interzonal General Agudos Eva Perón.

Notas y referencias

Bibliografía
 Mariano Rafael Castex, Sífilis hereditaria tardía, Librería Las Ciencias, 1920
 Mariano Rafael Castex, Los amino-ácidos y la patología clínica, Buffarini, 1912
 Mariano Rafael Castex, La hipertensión arterial, Andreetta, 1929
 Mariano Rafael Castex, Tratado de patología digestiva, Lopez & Etchegoyen, 1945
 Mariano Rafael Castex, Halistéresis, Hachette, 1950
 Vicente Osvaldo Cutolo, Nuevo diccionario biográfico argentino (1750-1930), Editorial Elche, 1968
 Eduardo José Pardo, España y América, un escenario común: Actas de la XI Reunión Americana de Genealogía, CSIC, 2005
 Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Buenos Aires, Anales de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Buenos Aires, Volumen 32
 Quien es quien en la Argentina, G. Kraft, 1969
 William Belmont Parker, Hispanic Society of America, Argentines of today, The Hispanic Society of America, 1920

Enlaces externos

 Mariano R. Castex
 Mariano Rafael Castex
 Médicos argentinos

Médicos de Argentina del siglo XX
Médicos de la ciudad de Buenos Aires
Presidentes de la Asociación Médica Argentina
Ensayistas de Argentina
Rectores de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
Alumnado de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
Alumnado del Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires
Miembros de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias (Córdoba)
Miembros de la Real Academia de Medicina de Bélgica
Miembros de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Francia
Miembros de la Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires
Nacidos en Buenos Aires
Fallecidos en Buenos Aires

Mariano Rafael Castex


Anamaria Govorčinović, hrvatska je kajakašica na mirnim vodama i prva hrvatska kajakaška olimpijka.

Djetinjstvo provodi u Hrvatskoj Kostajnici. Kajakom se počinje baviti sa šest godina. Završetkom osnovne škole odlazi u Zagreb, gdje maturira na I. gimnaziji.

Višestruka je državna prvakinja.

Na Olimpijskim igrama u Tokiju nastupila je u utrkama u kajaku jednosjedu na 200 i 500 metara.

Osvajačica je srebrnoga odličja u kajaku jednosjedu na 500 m na Svjetskom prvenstvu u kanadskom Halifaxu, u kolovozu 2022.

Izvori

Hrvatski kajakaši i kanuisti
Životopisi, Hrvatska Kostajnica

Anamaria Govorčinović


Celofibra este un tip de fibră textilă artificială obținută în urma transformării chimice a celulozei în xantogenat de celuloză. Deoarece celofibra se fabrică din polimeri naturali, aceasta nu este considerată ca fiind o fibră sintetică.

Note

Vezi și
 Viscoză

Polimeri organici
Celuloză

Celofibră


بلدية فالي دي أوكا , هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برغش, التي تقع في منطقة قشتالة وليون, والتي تقع في شمال غرب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 231 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2002).

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة برغش
بلديات برغش

فالي دي أوكا


ريان(13 أغسطس 1982-) مغني لبناني من أصل أرمني.

حياته
ولد في جل الديب بالعاصمة اللبنانية بيروت اسمه الحقيقي كريكور، درس الحقوق في إحدى الجامعات اللبنانية.

مشواره الفني
انطلاقته كانت بأغنية «أنت غرامي» وتعاون في بداياته مع شركة  music is my life .
أطلق ألبومه الأول «حالة غريبة» عام 2004 ، من إنتاج شركة روتانا، وضم هذا الالبوم أغاني «حالة غريبة، احلى غرام، أنت املي، شو بتمنى، لا تخافي، دي دنيتنا، املي كبير، لعيونك انا وتصدرت الأغنية» طليعة الأغاني العربية، وقام بتصويرها فيديو كليب احلى غرام بإخراج وليد ناصيف. وكان قد اخرج قبلها «حالة غريبة» على شكل فيديو كليب.
في فبراير 2006 أصدر ألبومه الثاني «حكيو عينيك» وصور «فيديو كليب» بإخراج وليد ناصيف لهذه الأغنية كما، صوّر أغنية «كانت روحي» الأسطورية على شكل فيديو كليب بمساعدة المخرج نفسه وهي من كلمات «صمت»، وتتميز هذه الأغنية، حيث قام بتمثيل الكليب باتقان مع نفس الفتاة التي مثل معها في كليب «حكيو عينيك»، كما احتوى الالبوم أيضا ً أغاني «حرام عليك، وين الحب، بتقولي نرجع، قلبي احتار، مين غيرك، والاغنية الوطنية عم يبكي لبنان التي أصدرها خلال حرب تموز ونال عليها جائزة كوريا الشمالية» وتضمن الالبوم أيضا ديو مع الفنانة أمل حجازي بعنوان «جنون بحبك».
أصدر ألبومه الثالث «وين بروح» في أكتوبر 2007، وصوّر منه فيديو كليب «ما حرام» من إخراج وليد ناصيف، و«حعلمك» من إخراج جو بو عيد، باللهجة المصرية صورها بعد عام من إصدار الالبوم؛ في صيف 2008.
شارك في مهرجانات عربية عده واهمها مهرجان قرطاج عام 2008
في صيف 2009، صور الفنان تريو بعنوان «محبوبي» مع كل من الفنانين أيمن زبيب وزين العمر وهي أغنية شبابية ناجحة غناها الثلاثي بخليط من اللهجة اللبنانية والمغربية، فسخ عقده مع الشركة عام 2010
عام 2012 أصدر أغنية أنا عم خونك وصورها مع المخرج هاني عساف

قضية تعاطيه للمخدرات والغياب
عام 2010 دخل السجن بتهمة تعاطي المخدرات، تحديداً مادتي الكوكايين والحشيشة، بعدما كان ضحية وشاية من إحدى الفتيات التي كانت تتعاطى المخدرات ضمن دائرة أصدقائه الضيّقة، لجأ إلى مركز لعلاج الإدمان

عودته الساحة الغنائية
عام 2014 عاد للساحة الفنية بأغنية صدقني بتخسر وصورها فيديو كليب مع المخرج سام كيال كما أصدر بعدها أغنية وشوشتا منفردة
عام 2015 أصدر أغنية منفردة بعنوان قضيت عليه
عام 2018 قام بغناء تتر مسلسل العاصي -البيت الأبيض بعنوان يا حقد

ألبومات

أغاني مصورة

أغاني مسلسلات
(2011):أيام الدراسة ج1
(2018):العاصي -البيت الأبيض

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
فنانو روتانا
لبنانيون أرمن
مغنون أرمن
مغنون لبنانيون
ممثلات تلفزيون أرمنيات
مواليد 1402 هـ
مواليد 1982
مواليد 1985

ريان (مغني)


Fucile Mitragliatore Breda modello 30 var det italienske standard lette maskingevær under 2. Verdenskrig.

Breda 30 var et temmelig usædvanligt let maskingevær. Den havde et fast magasin på højre side af våbnet. Magasinet blev fyldt ved hjælp af clips i stål eller messing med 20 patroner. Dette var en meget omstændelig proces og betød at våbnet i praksis havde en lav skudfrekvens.

Våbnet var heller ikke særlig driftsikkert. Patroner havde en tendens til at sætte sig fast, bl.a. fordi våbnet var udstyret med et åbent smøresystem, som betød at støv og skidt meget ofte kom ind i det - især under vanskelige forhold, som i Nordafrika.  Under brug blev våbnet meget varmt, hvilket kunne få patroner til at gå af af sig selv.

Nogle Breda maskingeværer blev med tiden ændret, så de kunne bruge de nye 7,35 mm patroner, som det italienske militær forsøgte at indføre. Men dette havde ingen lang levetid, da langsom produktion aldrig tillod indførelse af den nye patron.

I regulære hærenheder blev der udleveret en Breda 30 til hver gruppe (som standard blev der udleveret 24-27 pr. bataljon), selv om dette senere blev ændret til to våben pr. gruppe. Et italiensk infanterikompagni havde således 6 lette maskingeværer i begyndelsen af 2. verdenskrig (2 pr. deling); men antallet steg efterhånden til 12 i det meste af krigen.

En infanterideling blev opdelt i to store grupper, hver på tyve mand, som yderligere blev opdelt i riffel og lette maskingeværgrupper. Sektionen blev ledet af en sergent, som også styrede den lette maskingeværgruppe. Den sidste bestod af to Breda 30, hver bemandet med en korporal som skytte, en assisterende skytte og to ammunitionsbærere.  Resten af sektionen var i riffelgruppen på 11 mand.På grund af vigtigheden af dens ekstra ildkraft blev Breda 30-eren ofte overladt til gruppens mest pålidelige soldat (i modsætning til andre hære på daværende tidspunkt, var det sjældent at se en underofficer selv bruge gruppens automatvåben). Manualen angiver at to grupper skulle operere som et adskilt element, med de to maskingeværer som støtte for riffelgruppen. På dette tidspunkt havde de fleste andre hære et let maskingevær i hver sektion, som var omkring halvt så stor som en italiensk gruppe, hvilket ved sammenligning forekommer en temmelig tung organisation. Individuelle våben anføres som pistoler til hver korporal skytte, en karabin til chefsergenten og rifler til alle andre.

Wehrmacht brugte Breda 30 i begrænset antal efter besættelsen af det nordlige og centrale Italien efter Italiens udtræden af krigen i 1943 under betegnelsen MG 099(i); den udfyldte den samme rolle som den tyske MG 34, et let maskingevær, som fortrinsvis blev brugt på slagmarkerne i Italien.

Præstationer i kamp

Selv om det havde et karakteristisk udseende blev Breda 30 anset for et dårligt designet våben. Det havde en lav skudfrekvens, lav magasinkapacitet, brugte den svage og upålidelige 6,5×52 mm patron og var hyppigt udsat for blokeringer. Det vitale smøresystem opsamlede hurtigt støv og skidt, hvilket gjorde våbenet upålideligt i kamp.

Bredaens sigte var placeret, så kun et rør kunne indskydes. Magasinet blev ladet med 20 patroners strips, som var kendt vor at være skrøbelige, især under kamp. I nordafrika var våbenet så godt som ubrugeligt: ørkensand og støv fik våbnet til hele tiden at blokere. Olien fra den smøring, som var nødvendig for at afskyde Bredaen forøgede dens mangler. Under Balkanfelttoget, i Rusland og på andre fronter opnåede våbenet lidt bedre resultater.

Lav magasinkapacitet, hyppig blokering og det komplicerede skifte af løb, gjorde skydning og genladning en langsom og omfattende proces, hvilket betød at Breda 30 var et våben, som kun kunne frembringe en beskeden ildkraft og kun spille en lille rolle i en ildkamp. Når man betragter alle våbenets fejl, under de værste omstændigheder, var en Breda 30's skudfrekvens ikke bedre end den amerikanske standardriffel M1 Garand.

Selv om det havde alvorlige fejl sammenlignet med dens samtidige var Breda 30 stadig det farligste våben i den italienske infanterists arsenal, da tunge maskingeværer blev brugt i forholdsvis små antal og maskinpistoler var meget sjældne.  Breda 30 og Carcano M91 riflen udgjorde rygraden i det italienske infanteris bevæbning under 2. verdenskrig. Rapporter fra felten om våbenet var af en blandet karakter. Bredaens meget lave skudfrekvens førte ofte til at et tidevandsskifte i kamp mod italienske soldater, men Breda 30 var i de fleste tilfælde det hurtigste og mest brugbare våben til rådighed. Den italienske hær forsøgte at afhjælpe Bredaens fejl ved at understrege vigtigheden af lederens rolle: enhver soldat blev trænet i at være lader af en Breda 30 og oplært i hvordan man hurtigt føder ammunitionsstrips ind i våbenet (dette var ikke altid muligt, når f.eks. Breda 30 blev monteret på motorcykler). Omhyggelig rensning blev også gennemført hyppigt med ekstra opmærksomhed på smøresystemet.

Henvisninger

Eksterne kilder
 Comando Supremo
 SPWAW article

Maskingeværer
Våben fra Italien

Breda 30


Pindorama es un municipio brasileño del estado de São Paulo. Se localiza a una latitud 21º11'09" Sur y a una longitud 48º54'26" Oeste, estando a una altitud de 527 metros. La ciudad tiene una población de 17.216 habitantes (IBGE/2020). Pindorama pertenece a la Microrregión de Catanduva.

Historia
Pindorama es una palabra de origen indígena, que significa "tierra buena para plantar"
En Tupí, también significa "tierras de las Palmeras", y era el nombre dado al Brasil por los indios tupíes. Actualmente, el nombre Pindorama es el que se sigue usando en guaraní para referirse a Brasil.

Geografía
Posee un área de 184,8 km².

Demografía
Datos del Censo - 2010

Población total: 17.216

Densidad demográfica (hab./km²): 81,37

Mortalidad infantil hasta 1 año (por mil): 8,65

Expectativa de vida (años): 75,64

Tasa de fertilidad (hijos por mujer): 2,11

Tasa de alfabetización: 88,87%

Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH-M): 0,867
 IDH-M Salario: 0,703
 IDH-M Longevidad: 0,844
 IDH-M Educación: 0,877
(Fuente: IPEAFecha)

Clima
El clima de Pindorama puede ser clasificado como clima tropical de sabana (Aw), de acuerdo con la clasificación climática de Köppen.

Hidrografía
 Arroyo São Domingos

Carreteras
 SP-310
 Carretera José Abdo Jorge que une Pindorama a la Catanduva

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página de la prefectura

Localidades de São Paulo
Toponimia guaraní de Brasil

Pindorama (São Paulo)


The MTV2 Award was first presented at the MTV Video Music Awards in 2001. The category recognized the best videos to have premiered and/or got their start on MTV's sister channel, MTV2. Much like the Viewer's Choice award, the MTV2 Award was also fan-voted. Until 2005, the award was considered to be one of the main awards of the night, even being presented on the main show; in 2006, though, the MTV2 Award was relegated to being handed out during a commercial break of the MTV2 simulcast of the VMAs. The following year, as the VMAs were revamped, the MTV2 Award was eliminated and subsequently never brought back.

Recipients

MTV Video Music Awards
Awards established in 2001
Awards disestablished in 2006

MTV Video Music Award – MTV2 Award


Die Portugal International 2009 fanden vom 30. April bis zum 3. Mai 2009 im Pavilhão Rainha D. Leonor, Estrada da Foz de Arelho in Caldas da Rainha statt. Es war die 44. Auflage dieser internationalen Titelkämpfe in Portugal im Badminton. Das Preisgeld betrug 5.000 US-Dollar und das Turnier wurde damit in das BWF-Level 4B eingeordnet. Der Referee war Eric Lissillour aus Frankreich. Hauptsponsor und Namensgeber des Turniers war VICTOR.

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks
 http://badminton.de/09-10-BE-Circuit.1514.0.html
 http://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/matches.aspx?id=88F68B57-4482-4260-87D0-DA3155A8F941

2009
Badminton 2009
BE Circuit 2008/09
Badmintonwettbewerb in Caldas da Rainha

Portugal International 2009


The MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm is a cryptographic hash function developed by Ronald Rivest in 1990. The digest length is 128 bits. The algorithm has influenced later designs, such as the MD5, SHA-1 and RIPEMD algorithms. The initialism "MD" stands for "Message Digest".

The security of MD4 has been severely compromised. The first full collision attack against MD4 was published in 1995, and several newer attacks have been published since then. As of 2007, an attack can generate collisions in less than 2 MD4 hash operations. A theoretical preimage attack also exists.

A variant of MD4 is used in the ed2k URI scheme to provide a unique identifier for a file in the popular eDonkey2000 / eMule P2P networks. MD4 was also used by the rsync protocol (prior to version 3.0.0).

MD4 is used to compute NTLM password-derived key digests on Microsoft Windows NT, XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10 and 11.

Security
Weaknesses in MD4 were demonstrated by Den Boer and Bosselaers in a paper published in 1991. The first full-round MD4 collision attack was found by Hans Dobbertin in 1995, which took only seconds to carry out at that time. In August 2004, Wang et al. found a very efficient collision attack, alongside attacks on later hash function designs in the MD4/MD5/SHA-1/RIPEMD family. This result was improved later by Sasaki et al., and generating a collision is now as cheap as verifying it (a few microseconds).

In 2008, the preimage resistance of MD4 was also broken by Gaëtan Leurent, with a 2102 attack. In 2010 Guo et al published a 299.7 attack.

In 2011, RFC 6150 stated that RFC 1320 (MD4) is historic (obsolete).

MD4 hashes
The 128-bit (16-byte) MD4 hashes (also termed message digests) are typically represented as 32-digit hexadecimal numbers. The following demonstrates a 43-byte ASCII input and the corresponding MD4 hash:

 MD4("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy og")
 = 1bee69a46ba811185c194762abaeae90

Even a small change in the message will (with overwhelming probability) result in a completely different hash, e.g. changing d to c:

 MD4("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy og")
 = b86e130ce7028da59e672d56ad0113df

The hash of the zero-length string is:

 MD4("") = 31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0

MD4 test vectors
The following test vectors are defined in RFC 1320 (The MD4 Message-Digest Algorithm)

 MD4 ("") = 31d6cfe0d16ae931b73c59d7e0c089c0
 MD4 ("a") = bde52cb31de33e46245e05fbdbd6fb24
 MD4 ("abc") = a448017aaf21d8525fc10ae87aa6729d
 MD4 ("message digest") = d9130a8164549fe818874806e1c7014b
 MD4 ("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") = d79e1c308aa5bbcdeea8ed63df412da9
 MD4 ("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789") = 043f8582f241db351ce627e153e7f0e4
 MD4 ("12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890") = e33b4ddc9c38f2199c3e7b164fcc0536

MD4 collision example
Let:
  k1 = 839c7a4d7a92cb678a5d59eea5a7573c8a74deb366c3dc20a083b69f5d2a3bb3719dc69891e9f95e809fd7e8b23ba6318ed45e51fe39708bf9427e9c3e8b9
  k2 = 839c7a4d7a92cb678a5d59eea5a7573c8a74deb366c3dc20a083b69f5d2a3bb3719dc69891e9f95e809fd7e8b23ba6318ed45e51fe39708bf9427e9c3e8b9

k1 ≠ k2, but MD4(k1) = MD4(k2) = 4d7e6a1defa93d2dde05b45d864c429b

Note that two hex-digits of k1 and k2 define one byte of the input string, whose length is 64 bytes .

See also
 Hash function security summary
 Comparison of cryptographic hash functions
 MD2
 MD5
 MD6

References
 Bert den Boer, Antoon Bosselaers: An Attack on the Last Two Rounds of MD4. Crypto 1991: 194–203
 Hans Dobbertin: Cryptanalysis of MD4. Fast Software Encryption 1996: 53–69
 Hans Dobbertin, 1998. Cryptanalysis of MD4. J. Cryptology 11(4): 253–271
 Xiaoyun Wang, Xuejia Lai, Dengguo Feng, Hui Chen, Xiuyuan Yu: Cryptanalysis of the Hash Functions MD4 and RIPEMD. Eurocrypt 2005: 1–18
 Yu Sasaki, Lei Wang, Kazuo Ohta, Noboru Kunihiro: New Message Difference for MD4. Fast Software Encryption 2007: 329–348

External links
  - Description of MD4 by Ron Rivest
  - MD4 to Historic Status

Collision attacks
 An Attack on the Last Two Rounds of MD4
 Improved Collision Attack on MD4
 Bishop Fox (formerly Stach & Liu) Fast MD4 Collision Generator

Broken hash functions

MD4


İmalat kaynak planlaması, (Manufacturing resource planning; MRP II) üretimin verimliliğini ve etkinliğini artırmak amacıyla, ihtiyaç duyulan anda, ihtiyaç duyulan yerde, ihtiyaç duyulan miktarda malzemenin bulundurulması için geliştirilmiş planlama tekniğidir.

Genel kullanımı bilgisayar programları ile birlikte yapılmaktadır.

Dış bağlantılar
 ERP uzmanından bilgi
 imalat Kaynak Planlaması

Kaynak planlaması
Endüstri mühendisliği

İmalat kaynak planlaması


Das Wasserkraftwerk Jinping II () bzw. die Jinping-II-Talsperre ist ein in Bau befindliches großes Wasserkraftwerk an der "Jinping-Biegung" des Yalong Jiang in Sichuan, Volksrepublik China. Der Bau begann im Januar 2007 und bei Fertigstellung im Jahr 2014 wird das Kraftwerk eine Nennleistung von 8 mal 600 = 4800 MW haben. Nach anderen Angaben sind es 8 mal 550 MW = 4400 MW.

Während die 7,5 km flussaufwärts liegende Jinping-I-Talsperre ein viel größeres Absperrbauwerk hat und mit ihrem großen Stausee der Wasserversorgung dient, staut Jinping II einen eher kleinen Stausee auf und wird vor allem für die Stromgewinnung aus Wasserkraft genutzt.

An der Flussbiegung sind die Bedingungen sehr günstig für die Wasserkraft. Der Fluss kommt nach einer Fließlänge von 150 km bis auf 16 km an seinen Lauf zurück und hat dort zwischen beiden Seiten ein Gefälle von 310 m. Der Fluss wird an der westlichen Seite der Biegung von einer nur 37 m hohen und 162 m langen wehrartigen Staumauer aufgestaut. Das Wasser wird durch vier 16,6 km lange Druckstollen zum Kraftwerk geleitet. Dort treibt es acht Francis-Turbinen an.
Die beiden Wasserkraftwerke Jinping I and Jinping II mit zusammen 8400 MW waren schon seit 1965 geplant.

Siehe auch
 Liste von Wasserkraftwerken in China
 Liste von Talsperren in China
 Liste der größten Talsperren der Erde
 Liste der größten Stauseen der Erde
 Liste der größten Wasserkraftwerke der Erde

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 xinhuanet.com (chinesisch)

Staumauer in der Volksrepublik China
Wasserkraftwerk in der Volksrepublik China
Wasserkraftwerk in Asien
Stausee in Sichuan
Stausee in Asien
SJinping II
Gewichtsstaumauer
Erbaut in den 2010er Jahren
Wirtschaft (Sichuan)

Talsperre Jinping II


La Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup 2008 fue la 95.ª edición de la Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup del fútbol de los Estados Unidos. Empezó el 10 de junio y finalizó el 3 de septiembre. En un total de 40 equipos, todos los equipos que disputan en las diferentes categorías.

D.C. United se consagró campeón por segunda vez derrotando en la final ante el Charleston Battery por 2-1 y clasificó a la fase preliminar de la Concacaf Liga Campeones 2009-10.

Equipos clasificados
El torneo consiste de 40 equipos de distintas categorías:

Los 8 equipos de la Major League Soccer (Primera División)

  Chicago Fire
  Chivas USA
  D.C. United
  Houston Dynamo
  FC Dallas
  Kansas City Wizards
  New England Revolution
  New York Red Bulls

Los 8 equipos de la USL First Division (Segunda División)

  Atlanta Silverbacks
  Carolina RailHawks
  Charleston Battery
  Miami FC
  Minnesota Thunder
  Portland Timbers
  Rochester Rhinos
  Seattle Sounders

Los 8 equipos de la USL Second Division (Tercera División)

  Charlotte Eagles
  Cleveland City Stars
  Crystal Palace Baltimore
  Harrisburg City Islanders
  Pittsburgh Riverhounds
  Real Maryland Monarchs
  Richmond Kickers
  Western Mass Pioneers

Los 8 equipos de la USL Premier Development League (Cuarta División)

  Austin Aztex Sub-23
  Bradenton Academics
  Brooklyn Knights
  Fredericksburg Gunners
  Los Angeles Legends
  Michigan Bucks
  St. Louis Lions
  Yakima Reds

Los 8 equipos de la United States Adult Soccer Association

  RWB Adria
  Arizona Sahuaros
  Boston Olympiakos
  Clearwater Galactics
  A.A.C. Eagles
  Hollywood United
  ASC New Stars
  New York Pancyprian-Freedoms

Primera fase

Segunda fase

Final

Goleadores

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 U.S. Open Cup.com

Deporte en Estados Unidos en 2008
Fútbol en 2008
2008

Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup 2008


Prentis Cobb Hale Jr. (July 30, 1910 - February 16, 1996) was an American entrepreneur.

The son of Prentis Cobb Hale I, who with two brothers, founded Hale Brothers & Co. Inc., in Sacramento, California in 1881. Prentis Hale Jr. earned a bachelor's degree in 1933 and an Ll.B. in 1936, both at Stanford University .

In 1936, he began his business career as a stock clerk working in the basement of the family business, Hale Bros. Stores. By 1948, he was the company's president. Hale Bros merged with Los Angeles-based Broadway Department Stores to form Broadway-Hale Stores Inc. He was chairman of the new company from 1950 to 1972. Edward W. Carter (1911-1996) succeeded Hale in the post, followed by Philip M. Hawley. The company, later known as Carter Hawley Hale Stores Inc., owned the Emporium, Weinstock's and The Broadway, as well as Neiman-Marcus, prior to its two famous bankruptcies.

He was also a vice president of the Bank of America and a member of the Bohemian Club.  He died in San Francisco on February 16, 1996.

He had four children with his first wife, Marialice Pat King Hale, who committed suicide in March 1969. He later married Denise Minnelli, the former wife of director Vincente Minnelli.

References

1910 births
1996 deaths
American businesspeople in retailing
Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games
20th-century American businesspeople

Prentis Cobb Hale


Iron overload or haemochromatosis (also spelled hemochromatosis in American English) indicates increased total accumulation of iron in the body from any cause and resulting organ damage. The most important causes are hereditary haemochromatosis (HH or HHC), a genetic disorder, and transfusional iron overload, which can result from repeated blood transfusions.

Signs and symptoms

Organs most commonly affected by hemochromatosis include the liver, heart, and endocrine glands.

Hemochromatosis may present with the following clinical syndromes:
 liver: chronic liver disease and cirrhosis of the liver.
 heart: heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia.
 hormones: diabetes (see below) and hypogonadism (insufficiency of the sex hormone producing glands) which leads to low sex drive and/or loss of fertility in men and loss of fertility and menstrual cycle in women.
 metabolism: diabetes in people with iron overload occurs as a result of selective iron deposition in islet beta cells in the pancreas leading to functional failure and cell death.
 skeletal: arthritis, from iron deposition in joints leading to joint pains. The most commonly affected joints are those of the hands, particularly the knuckles or metacarpophalangeal joints, wrists or radiocarpal joints, elbow, hip, knee and ankle joints. Risk factors for the development of arthritis in those with hemochromatosis include elevated iron levels (ferritin greater than 1000 or transferrin saturation greater than 50%) for an extended period of time, increasing age and concurrent advanced liver fibrosis.
 skin: melanoderma (darkening or 'bronzing' of the skin).
Hemochromatosis leading to secondary diabetes (through iron deposition in the insulin secreting beta cells of the pancreas), when combined with a bronzing or darkening of the skin, is sometimes known as "bronze diabetes".

Causes
The term hemochromatosis was initially used to refer to what is now more specifically called hemochromatosis type 1 (or HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis). Currently, hemochromatosis (without further specification) is mostly defined as iron overload with a hereditary or primary cause, or originating from a metabolic disorder. However, the term is currently also used more broadly to refer to any form of iron overload, thus requiring specification of the cause, for example, hereditary hemochromatosis. Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive disorder with estimated prevalence in the population of 1 in 200 among patients with European ancestry, with lower incidence in other ethnic groups. Mutations of the HFE gene (hemostatic iron regulator) located on chromosome 6 (responsible for iron regulatory protein hepcidin production) are responsible for most cases of hereditary hemochromatosis; 95% of cases of hereditary hemochromatosis involve a mutation of this HFE gene. Non-HFE hereditary hemochromatosis involves mutations in genes coding for the iron regulatory proteins hemojuvelin, transferrin receptor-2 and ferroportin.

Hereditary hemochromatosis is characterized by an accelerated rate of intestinal iron absorption and progressive iron deposition in various tissues. This typically begins to be expressed in the third to fifth decades of life, but may occur in children. The most common presentation is hepatic cirrhosis in combination with hypopituitarism, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, arthritis, or hyperpigmentation. Because of the severe sequelae of this disorder if left untreated, and recognizing that treatment is relatively simple, early diagnosis before symptoms or signs appear is important.

In general, the term hemosiderosis is used to indicate the pathological effect of iron accumulation in any given organ, which mainly occurs in the form of the iron-storage complex hemosiderin. Sometimes, the simpler term siderosis is used instead.

Other definitions distinguishing hemochromatosis or hemosiderosis that are occasionally used include:
 Hemosiderosis is hemochromatosis caused by excessive blood transfusions, that is, hemosiderosis is a form of secondary hemochromatosis.
 Hemosiderosis is hemosiderin deposition within cells, while hemochromatosis is hemosiderin within cells and interstitium.
 Hemosiderosis is iron overload that does not cause tissue damage, while hemochromatosis does.
 Hemosiderosis is arbitrarily differentiated from hemochromatosis by the reversible nature of the iron accumulation in the reticuloendothelial system.
The causes of hemochromatosis broken down into two subcategories: primary cases (hereditary or genetically determined) and less frequent secondary cases (acquired during life). People of Northern European descent, including Celtic (Irish, Scottish, Welsh, Cornish, Breton etc.), English, and Scandinavian origin have a particularly high incidence, with about 10% being carriers of the principal genetic variant, the C282Y mutation on the HFE gene, and 1% having the condition.
The overwhelming majority depend on mutations of the HFE gene discovered in 1996, but since then others have been discovered and sometimes are grouped together as "non-classical hereditary hemochromatosis", "non-HFE related hereditary hemochromatosis", or "non-HFE hemochromatosis".

Most types of hereditary hemochromatosis have autosomal recessive inheritance, while type 4 has autosomal dominant inheritance.

Secondary hemochromatosis
 Severe chronic hemolysis of any cause, including intravascular hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis (hemolysis within the bone marrow)
 Multiple frequent blood transfusions (either whole blood or just red blood cells), which are usually needed either by individuals with hereditary anaemias (such as beta-thalassaemia major, sickle cell anaemia, and Diamond–Blackfan anaemia) or by older patients with severe acquired anaemias such as in myelodysplastic syndromes.
 Excess parenteral (non-ingested) iron supplements, such as what can acutely happen in iron poisoning
 Excess dietary iron
 Some disorders do not normally cause hemochromatosis on their own, but may do so in the presence of other predisposing factors. These include cirrhosis (especially related to alcohol use disorder), steatohepatitis of any cause, porphyria cutanea tarda, prolonged hemodialysis, and post-portacaval shunting

Pathophysiology
Defects in iron metabolism, specifically involving the iron regulatory protein hepcidin are thought to play an integral role in the pathogenesis of hereditary hemochromatosis. Normally, hepcidin acts to reduce iron levels in the body by inhibiting intestinal iron absorption and inhibiting iron mobilization from stores in the bone marrow and liver. Iron is absorbed from the intestines (mostly in the duodenum) and transported across intestinal enterocytes or mobilized out of storage in liver hepatocytes or from macrophages in the bone marrow by the transmembrane ferroportin transporter. In response to elevated plasma iron levels, hepcidin inhibits the ferroportin transporter leading to decreased iron mobilization from stores and decreased intestinal iron absorption, thus functioning as a negative iron regulatory protein. In hereditary hemochromatosis, mutations in the proteins involved in hepcidin production including HFE (hemostatic iron regulator), hemojuvelin and transferrin receptor 2 lead to a loss or decrease in hepcidin production, which subsequently leads to the loss of the inhibitory signal regulating iron absorption and mobilization, which thus leads to iron overload. In very rare instances, mutations in ferroportin result in ferroportin resistance to hepcidin's negative regulatory effects, and continued intestinal iron absorption and mobilization despite inhibitory signaling from hepcidin. Approximately 95% of cases of hereditary hemochromatosis are due to mutations in the HFE gene.

The resulting iron overload causes iron to deposit in various sites throughout the body, especially the liver and joints, which coupled with oxidative stress leads to organ damage or joint damage and the pathological findings seen in hemochromatosis.

Diagnosis

There are several methods available for diagnosing and monitoring iron overload.

Blood test

Blood tests are usually the initial test if there is a clinical suspicion of iron overload. Serum ferritin testing is a low-cost, readily available, and minimally invasive method for assessing body iron stores. However ferritin levels may be elevated due to a variety of other causes including obesity, infection, inflammation (as an acute phase protein), chronic alcohol intake, liver disease, kidney disease, and cancer. In males and postmenopausal females, normal range of serum ferritin is between 12 and 300 ng/mL (670 pmol/L) . In premenopausal females, normal range of serum ferritin is between 12 and 150 or 200 ng/mL (330 or 440 pmol/L). In those with hemochromatosis, the serum ferritin level correlates with the degree of iron overload. Ferritin levels are usually monitored serially in those with hemochromatosis to assess response to treatment.

Elevations in serum levels of the iron transporter protein transferrin saturation as well as increased red blood cell mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration usually precede ferritin elevations in hemochromatosis. Transferrin saturation of greater than 45% combined with an elevated ferritin level is highly sensitive in diagnosing HFE hemochromatosis. Total iron binding capacity may be low in hemochromatosis, but can also be normal.

Genetics

General screening for hemochromatosis is not recommended, however first-degree relatives of those affected should be screened.

Once iron overload has been established, HFE gene mutation genetic testing for hereditary causes of iron overload is indicated. The presence of HFE gene mutations in addition to iron overload confirms the clinical diagnosis of hereditary hemochromatosis. The alleles evaluated by HFE gene analysis are evident in ~80% of patients with hemochromatosis; a negative report for HFE gene does not rule out hemochromatosis.

Biopsy

Liver biopsy is the removal of small sample in order to be studied and can determine the cause of inflammation or cirrhosis. In someone with negative HFE gene testing, elevated iron status for no other obvious reason, and family history of liver disease, additional evaluation of liver iron concentration is indicated. In this case, diagnosis of hemochromatosis is based on biochemical analysis and histologic examination of a liver biopsy. Assessment of the hepatic iron index (HII) is considered the "gold standard" for diagnosis of hemochromatosis.

Imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used as a noninvasive method to estimate iron deposition levels in the liver and heart, which may aid in determining a response to treatment or prognosis. Liver elastography has limited utility in detecting liver fibrosis in hemochromatosis.

Treatment

Phlebotomy

Phlebotomy, bloodletting or venesection is the mainstay of treatment in iron overload, consisting of regularly scheduled blood draws to remove red blood cells (and iron) from the body. Upon initial diagnosis of iron overload, the phlebotomies may be performed weekly or twice weekly, until iron levels are normalized. Once the serum ferritin and transferrin saturation are within the normal range, maintenance phlebotomies may be needed in some (depending upon the rate of reabsorption of iron), scheduled at varying frequencies to keep iron stores within normal range. A phlebotomy session typically draws between 450 and 500 mL of blood. Routine phlebotomy may reverse liver fibrosis and alleviate some symptoms of hemochromatosis, but chronic arthritis is usually not responsive to treatment. In those with hemochromatosis; the blood drawn during phlebotomy is safe to be donated.

Phlebotomy is associated with improved survival if it is initiated before the onset of cirrhosis or diabetes.

Diet

The human diet contains iron in two forms: heme iron and non-heme iron. Heme iron is usually found in red meat, whereas non-heme iron is found in plant based sources. Heme iron is the most easily absorbed form of iron. In those with hemochromatosis undergoing phlebotomy for treatment; restriction of dietary iron is not required. However, those who do restrict dietary iron usually require less blood needing to be phlebotomized (about 0.5-1.5 liters of blood less per year). Vitamin C and iron supplementation should be avoided as vitamin C accelerates intestinal absorption of iron and mobilization of body iron stores. Raw seafood should be avoided because of increased risk of infections from iron loving pathogens such as vibrio vulnificus. Alcohol consumption should be avoided due to the risk of compounded liver damage with iron overload.

Medication

Medication: For those unable to tolerate routine blood draws, there are chelating agents available for use. The drug deferoxamine binds with iron in the bloodstream and enhances its elimination in urine and faeces. Typical treatment for chronic iron overload requires subcutaneous injection over a period of 8–12 hours daily. Two newer iron-chelating drugs that are licensed for use in patients receiving regular blood transfusions to treat thalassaemia (and, thus, who develop iron overload as a result) are deferasirox and deferiprone.

Chelating polymers

A minimally invasive approach to hereditary hemochromatosis treatment is the maintenance therapy with polymeric chelators. These polymers or particles have a negligible or null systemic biological availability and they are designed to form stable complexes with Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the GIT and thus limiting their uptake and long-term accumulation. Although this method has only a limited efficacy, unlike small-molecular chelators, the approach has virtually no side effects in sub-chronic studies. Interestingly, the simultaneous chelation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ increases the treatment efficacy.

Prognosis

In general, provided there has been no liver damage, patients should expect a normal life expectancy if adequately treated by venesection. If the serum ferritin is greater than 1000 ug/L at diagnosis there is a risk of liver damage and cirrhosis which may eventually shorten their life. The presence of cirrhosis increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Other risk factors for liver damage in hemochromatosis include alcohol use, diabetes, liver iron levels greater than 2000 μmol/gram and increased aspartate transaminase levels.

The risk of death and liver fibrosis are elevated in males with HFE type hemochromatosis but not in females; this is thought to be due to a protective effect of menstruation and pregnancy seen in females as well as possible hormone related differences in iron absorption.

Epidemiology

HHC is most common in certain European populations (such as those of Irish or Scandinavian descent) and occurs in 0.6% of some unspecified population. Men have a 24-fold increased rate of iron-overload disease compared with women.

Stone Age
Diet and the environment are thought to have had large influence on the mutation of genes related to iron overload. Starting during the Mesolithic era, communities of people lived in an environment that was fairly sunny, warm and had the dry climates of the Middle East. Most humans who lived at that time were foragers and their diets consisted largely of wild plants, fish, and game. Archaeologists studying dental plaque have found evidence of tubers, nuts, plantains, grasses and other foods rich in iron. Over many generations, the human body became well-adapted to a high level of iron content in the diet.

Neolithic
In the Neolithic era, significant changes are thought to have occurred in both the environment and diet. Some communities of foragers migrated north, leading to changes in lifestyle and environment, with a decrease in temperatures and a change in the landscape which the foragers then needed to adapt to. As people began to develop and advance their tools, they learned new ways of producing food, and farming also slowly developed. These changes would have led to serious stress on the body and a decrease in the consumption of iron-rich foods. This transition is a key factor in the mutation of genes, especially those that regulated dietary iron absorption. Iron, which makes up 70% of red blood cell composition, is a critical micronutrient for effective thermoregulation in the body. Iron deficiency will lead to a drop in the core temperature. In the chilly and damp environments of Northern Europe, supplementary iron from food was necessary to keep temperatures regulated, however, without sufficient iron intake the human body would have started to store iron at higher rates than normal. In theory, the pressures caused by migrating north would have selected for a gene mutation that promoted greater absorption and storage of iron.

Viking hypothesis
Studies and surveys conducted to determine the frequencies of hemochromatosis help explain how the mutation migrated around the globe. In theory, the disease initially evolved from travelers migrating from the north. Surveys show a particular distribution pattern with large clusters and frequencies of gene mutations along the western European coastline. This led the development of the "Viking Hypothesis". Cluster locations and mapped patterns of this mutation correlate closely to the locations of Viking settlements in Europe established c.700 AD to c.1100 AD. The Vikings originally came from Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Viking ships made their way along the coastline of Europe in search of trade, riches, and land. Genetic studies suggest that the extremely high frequency patterns in some European countries are the result of migrations of Vikings and later Normans, indicating a genetic link between hereditary hemochromatosis and Viking ancestry.

Modern times
In 1865, Armand Trousseau (a French internist) was one of the first to describe many of the symptoms of a diabetic patient with cirrhosis of the liver and bronzed skin color. The term hemochromatosis was first used by German pathologist Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen in 1889 when he described an accumulation of iron in body tissues.

Identification of genetic factors
Although it was known most of the 20th century that most cases of hemochromatosis were inherited, they were incorrectly assumed to depend on a single gene.

In 1935 J.H. Sheldon, a British physician, described the link to iron metabolism for the first time as well as demonstrating its hereditary nature.

In 1996 Felder and colleagues identified the hemochromatosis gene, HFE gene. Felder found that the HFE gene has two main mutations, causing amino acid substitutions C282Y and H63D, which were the main cause of hereditary hemochromatosis. The next year the CDC and the National Human Genome Research Institute sponsored an examination of hemochromatosis following the discovery of the HFE gene, which helped lead to the population screenings and estimates that are still being used today.

See also
 Human iron metabolism
 Iron deficiency

References

External links

 GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on HFE-Associated Hereditary Hemochromatosis
 GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on TFR2-Related Hereditary Hemochromatosis
 GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Juvenile Hereditary Hemochromatosis
 GeneReview/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Aceruloplasminemia

Overload disorder
Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood
Articles containing video clips
Iron metabolism

Iron overload


Sophie Pacini, née le 12 décembre 1991 à Munich, est une pianiste germano-italienne.

Vie et carrière musicale
Sophie Pacini a commencé à jouer du piano à l'âge de six ans. Elle a fait ses débuts en concert à l'âge de neuf ans. Un an plus tard, le professeur de piano Karl-Heinz Kämmerling a repris sa formation au Mozarteum de Salzbourg, après quoi elle a été admise au nouvel institut pour surdoués Leopold Mozart. À partir de 2007, Sophie Pacini poursuit ses études dans la master class de Pavel Gililov et obtient son diplôme avec mention en 2011. Master classes avec Dmitri Bachkirov et Fu Cong ont couronné sa formation.

Sophie Pacini se produit dans des salles de concert du monde entier, en particulier le Suntory Hall de Tokyo, l'Orchard Hall de Tokyo, la Laeiszhalle de Hambourg, la Salle Beethoven de Bonn, la Tonhalle de Zurich, le Konzerthaus de Berlin, la Philharmonie de Berlin, Philharmonie dans le Gasteig de Munich, le Konzerthaus de Dortmund, le Gewandhaus de Leipzig, le Konzerthaus de Vienne, le Wigmore Hall de Londres, la Philharmonie de l'Elbe, La Seine Musicale de Paris, le Grand Théâtre (Dijon) , Palais des Beaux-Arts (Bruxelles)/BOZAR, l'Hotel de ville de Hong Kong, le Cape Town City Hall.

Elle s'est produite dans le cadre de festivals internationaux tels que le Piano-Festival de Lucerne, le Piano-Festival Ruhr, le Rheingau Musik Festival, le MDR-Musiksommer, le Festival de Salzbourg, le Piano aux Jacobins de Toulouse, le Festival de musique de chambre de Lockenhaus avec Gidon Kremer, les Festivals de Mecklembourg-Poméranie Occidentale et Progetto Martha Argerich à Lugano et Martha Argerich Festival de Hambourg.

Elle joue aussi en tant que soliste dans plusieurs orchestres tels que l'Orchestre du  Gewandhaus de Leipzig, l'Orchestre philharmonique de Tokyo, l'Orchestre de la Tonhalle de Zurich, l'Orchestre symphonique de Lucerne, l'Orchestre philharmonique de Dresde, l'Orchestre philharmonique de Rhénanie-Palatinat, l'Orchestre de chambre de Württemberg Heilbronn, l'Orchestre de la radio de Munich, l'Orchestre de chambre de Vienne, l'Orchestre du Mozarteum de Salzbourg, les Symphonikern de Brandenbourg, le Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, l'Orchestre symphonique de Bournemouth, et l'Orchestre symphonique de Berne.

Sophie Pacini a conçu et animé un nouveau format de diffusion pour la radio nazionale allemande Deutschlandfunk.

Discographie
 2012 : Concerto pour piano de Robert Schumann, op.54 - Concerto pour piano no.9 de Mozart avec l'Orchestre philharmonique de Rhénanie-Palatinat, dir. Radoslaw Szulc (Onyx Classics)
 2012 : Schumann – Liszt (Avi Music)
 2014 : Chopin (Avi Music)
 2016 : Solo Piano (Beethoven – Liszt) (Warner Classics)
 2018 : In Between (Robert Schumann - Clara Schumann – Felix Mendelssohn et Fanny Hensel (Warner Classics)
 2020 : Rimembranza (Mozart, Schubert, Liszt, Love Theme Andrea Morricone's du Cinema Paradiso)
 2022 : Boundless (Poulenc, Bernstein, Weinberg, Prokofiev) - Duo: Sophie Pacini (clavier), Pablo Barragán (clarinette) (Aparté)
 2022 : (DVD) Sophie Pacini & Martha Argerich - New Year's Impression from Vienna (Arthaus Musik)
 2023 : Puzzle (Chopin - Scriabine)(Outhere / Fuga libera)

Prix
 2011 : Prix Edmond de Rothschild-Thierry Schertz aux Les Sommets Musicaux de Gstaad
 2011 : Prix promotionnel de la radio nazional allemande Deutschlandfunk et de Musikfest Bremen
 2013 : Bourse d'études de la Mozart-Gesellschaft Dortmund
 2015 : ECHO Klassik Jeune artiste de l'année - piano
 2017 : International Classical Music Awards (ICMA) - Young Artist of the Year 2017
 2023 : Membre à part entière de l'«Académie européenne des sciences et des arts»

Notes et références

Liens externes

Pianiste allemande
Pianiste italienne
Naissance à Munich
Naissance en décembre 1991

Sophie Pacini


Annabelle 3 (eng. Annabelle Comes Home) američki horor film iz 2019. godine redatelja Gary Dauberman. Film je nastavak na Annabelle iz 2014. i Annabelle: Početak iz 2017., te je kao sedmi dio franšize Prizivanje univerzum. U filmu glume Mckenna Grace, Madison Iseman i Katie Sarife, zajedno s Verom Farmiga i Patrickom Wilsonom, koji repriziraju svoje uloge Lorraine i Eda Warrena.

Početkom travnja 2018. Warner Bros. Pictures najavio je da će 3. srpnja 2019. biti objavljen tadašnji film bez naslova u franšizi Prizivanje univerzum. Kasnije tog mjeseca objavljeno je da će film biti još jedan nastavak u seriji Annabelle, s Dauberman se prijavio za pisanje i režiranje filma u svom redateljskom debiju, temeljenom na priči koju su napisali Dauberman i Wan. Glavno snimanje započelo je sredinom listopada, a službeno je završeno u prosincu 2018. u Los Angelesu.

Annabelle 3 objavljen je u kinu u Sjedinjenim Državama 26. lipnja 2019. u izdanju Warner Bros. Pictures i New Line Cinema. Zaradio je više od 231 milijuna dolara diljem svijeta i dobio mješovite kritike kritičara, koji su ga smatrali manje zastrašujućim od svojih prethodnika.

Radnja filma

Demonolozi Ed i Lorraine Warren oduzimaju lutku Annabelle medicinskim sestrama Debbie i Camilli, koje su tvrdile da je lutka često izvodila nasilne radnje u njihovom stanu. Tijekom vožnje natrag kući, lutka doziva duhove da napadnu Eda, ali on za dlaku preživljava. Annabelle je zaključana u svetom staklenom ormariću u sobi za par koji je blagoslovio otac Gordon kako bi osigurao da se zlo obuzda.

Nešto kasnije, Warrenovi dočekuju Mary Ellen, koja će biti zadužena za čuvanje njihove kćeri, Judy, u kući dok putuju preko noći kako bi istražili još jedan slučaj. U školi Judy primijeti duh svećenika koji je počinje slijediti. Prijateljica Mary Ellen, Daniela, stiže nepozvana u dom Warrenovih, koja je potajno znatiželjna razgovarati s mrtvima. Ušunja se u sobu s artefaktima i počinje pregledavati svaki predmet, na kraju pokušavajući kontaktirati svog pokojnog oca. Ona naglo ostavlja Annabelleinu staklenu vitrinu otključanu, a užas počinje nedugo zatim s oslobađanjem duha Annabelle "Bee" Mullins. Te noći Annabelle počinje oslobađati druge duhove, poput Ferrymana, Nevjeste, društvenu igru Feeley Meeley i Black Shuck.

Zaljubljeni Mary Ellen, Bob Palmeri, izlazi izvan kuće i pravi joj serenade, no kasnije ga napada Black Shuck i skriva se u dvorištu Warrensa. Mary Ellen muči Ferryman, dok se Judy suoči s Annabelle u svojoj spavaćoj sobi. Daniela je otišla ranije, ali se ušuljala natrag u kuću kako bi vratila ključeve sobe s artefaktima. Zaključava se u prostoriji i muči ga raznim predmetima, poput klavira i starog televizora koji može predvidjeti blisku budućnost. Pronalazi Žalosnu narukvicu i vidi oca iskrivljenog u zlonamjernom duhu. Krvava i vrišteća Daniela pojavljuje se na televizijskom ekranu nakon što se javila na prokleti telefon. Prava Daniela kasnije nesvjesno poseže za telefonom, ali ju na vrijeme prekidaju Judy i Mary Ellen.

Judy objašnjava da moraju ponovno zaključati Annabelle u njezin slučaj kako bi se ostali duhovi odmorili. Bob štiti Judy od Black Shucka dok ona uzima inhalator za astmu Mary Ellen, dok je Daniela napadnuta i opsjednuta od nevjeste. Na kraju, Mary Ellen i Judy pronalaze lutku kad ih svećenički duh, djelujući kao Judyn čuvar, vodi do Ferrymana. Uspijevaju dohvatiti ključ staklene vitrine nakon što su ih demonske ruke napale iz društvene igre Feeley Meeley i opsjednuta Daniela, ali se trude osigurati kućište jer ih demon lutke fizički napada. Daniela se oporavi kad Judy pusti Edov snimljeni snimak nevjestinog egzorcizma i pomogne vratiti lutku u torbicu. Nakon što je kućište zaključano, smetnje prestaju jer se duhovi vraćaju u san, a Bob se ponovno okuplja s trojcem.

Ed i Lorraine vraćaju se sljedećeg jutra, a djevojke im prilaze kako bi ispričale noć bogatu događajima. Kasnije se mnogi prijatelji okupljaju kako bi proslavili Judyin rođendan. Daniela se ispričava Lorraine, koja joj šalje utješnu poruku od oca.

Glumci i uloge

 Mckenna Grace - Judy Warren
 Madison Iseman - Mary Ellen
 Katie Sarife - Daniela Rios
 Vera Farmiga - Lorraine Warren
 Patrick Wilson - Ed Warren
 Michael Cimino - Bob Palmeri
 Samara Lee - Annabelle "Bee" Mullins
 Steve Coulter - Otac Gordon
 Paul Dean - Mr. Palmeri
 Luca Luhan - Anthony Rios
 Anthony Wemyss - Mr. Rios
 Alison White - Mrs. Faley
 Stephen Blackehart - Thomas
 Sade Katarina - Camilla
 Kenzie Caplan - Debbie
 Gary-7 - Mrtvi Otac Michael Morrisey / duh svećenika
 Natalia Safran - Mladenka
 Douglas Tait - the Black Shuck
 Alexander Ward - Annabellein demon / the ram

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Annabelle 3 - Službena web stranica
 Annabelle 3 - imdb.com

Horori
Američki filmovi 2010-ih
Prizivanje univerzum

Annabelle 3


Bank Street (French: Rue Bank) is the major commercial north-south street in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It runs south from Wellington Street in downtown Ottawa, south through the neighbourhoods of Centretown, The Glebe, Old Ottawa South, Alta Vista, Hunt Club, and then through the villages of Blossom Park, Leitrim, South Gloucester, Greely, Metcalfe, Spring Hill, and Vernon before ending at the city limit at Belmeade Road, becoming Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry county highway 31.

Bank Street made up much of Highway 31 before it was downloaded in 1998 (all of it south of Heron Road). Currently it is also known as Ottawa Road #31.

Features

Between Wellington Street and Gladstone Avenue in downtown, Bank Street is a shopping and business development district officially known as the "Bank Street Promenade" and the street is lined with common signage affixed to streetlights and street-level advertising billboards showing this distinction.

The area between Somerset Street West and Gladstone Avenue (within the Bank Street Promenade) is considered the centre of Ottawa's burgeoning gay village, characterized by a small concentration of businesses targeted to Ottawa's LGBT community. In 2011, the city officially unveiled signs identifying the neighbourhood as Ottawa's gay village, at the intersections of Somerset, James and Nepean Streets with Bank Street.

Travelling south, there exists a shopping district in The Glebe running exclusively along Bank Street from approximately the Queensway to Holmwood Avenue. Bank Street is home to Lansdowne Park where the Ottawa 67's and Ottawa RedBlacks play. Even further south, after the road passes over the Rideau Canal on the Bank Street Bridge, Bank Street is home to the Billings Bridge Plaza and eventually, the South Keys Shopping Centre.

Bank Street north of Billings Bridge is an historic urban arterial road, often with many more pedestrians than vehicular traffic and significant parking issues, hence the flow is generally quite slow. South of Billings Bridge to Leitrim Road, the street turns into a more modern four-lane (or five-lane) urban arterial, which flows much better despite the 50 km/h (30 mph) speed limit on the northern half and 60 km/h (about 40 mph) from South Keys southward. South of Leitrim it is a rural two-lane highway with an 80 km/h speed limit until the community of Vernon. Recently, just south of Leitrim Road, Bank Street gives access to a developing neighborhood called Findlay Creek that will become quite significant in the long term, and it will also provide access (after secondary roads are extended) to the community of Riverside South.

Bank Street also serves in some contexts as an unofficial division between "eastern" and "western" Ottawa. For example, prior to the takeover of Maclean-Hunter by Rogers Cable in 1994, the street marked the division between those cable companies' service areas in Ottawa: cable subscribers west of Bank Street were served by Maclean-Hunter, while cable subscribers east of Bank Street were served by Rogers.

History

Name of the street
Contrary to popular belief, the street is not named after the Bank of Canada headquarters at the corner of Bank Street and Wellington Street. The street name dates back to the 19th century, whereas the bank was founded in 1934. It's believed that the road was named this because it originally went from the "bank" of the Ottawa River at its northern end to that of the Rideau River to the south. However, the road was originally called Esther Street in honour of Colonel By's wife. Bank Street officially ends at Wellington Street and the portion of the street running closest to the actual riverbank is federal Crown land for the Parliamentary Precinct of the Parliament of Canada. South of the Rideau River the road was previously named "Prescott Road".

As a Provincial Highway

Highway 31 was formed in 1927, and started at the junction of Highway 2 in Morrisburg, Ontario. It travelled north through the town of Winchester, and eventually into Ottawa. The road was paved in stages, but was fully paved by 1936. The road's designation of Highway 31 was extended from the Dundas-Stormont-Glengary/Russell-Prescott county line into Ottawa later that same year. While maintaining its alignment along Bank Street for its entire history, the road was re-aligned along Canal Drive (now today's Queen Elizabeth Driveway). From here, it became less clear where the northern terminus of the road was located, as Ottawa posted Highway 31 as a scenic route within its limits along Heron Road and Bronson Avenue (concurrent with Highway 16) before terminating in downtown, while the Ministry of Transportation noted no changes in road length (78 km / 48.8 mi). This is presumed to be a connecting link between Highway 31 and The Queensway (Highway 417), but these scenic routes/connecting links were all decommissioned by 1960. The road was also re-aligned along the Winchester Bypass, when it was completed and opened in 1974, but no other changes were made to the road since then, until being fully decommissioned as a provincial highway, in 1998.

Bank Street rehabilitation
Portions of Bank Street have undergone major reconstruction each year since 2006. The City of Ottawa held public consultations for a major redevelopment of Bank Street between Wellington Street and the Rideau Canal.

Major intersections (from North to South)

 Ottawa Road 34 (Wellington Street)
 Ottawa Road 48 (Laurier Avenue)
 Ottawa Road 36 (Somerset Street)
 Gladstone Avenue
 Highway 417
 Ottawa Road 19 (Riverside Drive)
 Ottawa Road 16 (Heron Road)
 Ottawa Road 103 (Alta Vista Drive)
 Walkley Road
 Ottawa Road 32 (Hunt Club Road)
 Albion Road
 Ottawa Road 125 (Conroy Road)
 Ottawa Road 14 (Leitrim Road)
 Ottawa Road 8 (Mitch Owens Road)
 Ottawa Road 6 (Snake Island Road)
 Ottawa Road 4 (Dalmeny Road)

Areas/Communities

 Downtown Ottawa
 Centretown
 The Glebe
 Ottawa South
 Billings Bridge
 South Keys
 Blossom Park
 Findlay Creek/Leitrim
 Greely
 Metcalfe
 Vernon

References

External links

Bank St Biz
City of Ottawa: Transportation Master Plan (see Maps)
Google Maps: route of Bank Street in Ottawa
City of Ottawa: Bank Street profile
Bank Street Promenade Shopping District
Bank Street Rehabilitation Project
Highway 31 at OntHighways.com

Roads in Ottawa
Gay villages in Canada
LGBT culture in Ottawa
Shopping districts and streets in Canada
Ontario road transport articles without a junction list

Bank Street (Ottawa)


بلدية عنيزة، تأسست عام 1381هـ، وتتلخص أعمال البلدية كافة في القيام بأعمال النظافة للمحافظة والقرى والمراكز التابعة لها، إلى جانب الرقابة الصحية والفنية على كافة المطاعم والمحلات التجارية والمباني تحت الإنشاء ومشروعات الطرق التابعة للبلدية ومتابعة المقاولين الميدانين، بالإضافة إلى فتح واستحداث الطرق والشوارع وسفلتتها وإنارتها وتشجيرها وتجميلها وإنشاء الحدائق وتنسيقها لمرتاديها.

فيما يكمن العمل الإداري للبلدية في تخطيط الأحياء السكنية والتجارية والإشراف عليها، واستخراج الرخص الفنية والصحية، ودراسة واقتراح المشاريع التي تحتاجها البلدية ومتابعة تنفيذ مايعتمد منها.

رؤساء البلدية
 عبد الله بن صالح المحيميد من عام 1381هـ حتى عام 1388هـ.
 إبراهيم بن عبد العزيز البسام من عام 1388هـ حتى عام 1389هـ.
 عبد العزيز بن عبد الرحمن الدحمان من عام 1389هـ حتى عام 1390هـ.
 عبد الله بن محمد الحميدي من عام 1390حتى عام 1396هـ
 عبد الله بن عبد الرحمن الجمعان من عام 1396هـ حتى عام 1396هـ.
 عبد الله بن صالح الحماد من عام 1396هـ حتى عام 1403هـ.
 عبد الله بن عبد العزيز البسام من عام 1403هـ حتى عام 1409هـ.
 صالح بن عبد الله النعيم من عام 1409هـ حتى عام 1413هـ.
 صالح بن عبد الله النداوي من عام 1413هـ حتى عام 1413هـ.
 فهد بن محمد الجبير من عام 1413هـ حتى عام 1420هـ.
 عبد الله بن سليمان العطية من عام 1420هـ حتى عام 1421هـ.
 المهندس أحمد بن عبد الله المزروع من عام 1421هـ حتى عام 1426هـ.
 المهندس إبراهيم بن محمد الخليل من عام 1426هـ حتى عام 1432 هـ
 المهندس عبد العزيز بن عبد الله البسام من عام 1432 حتى عام 1440هـ
 المهندس خلف حمدان العتيبي من عام 1440هـ حتى عام 1442هـ
المهندس فارس بن محمد القحطاني من عام 1442هـ (حتى الآن)

القرى التابعة للبلدية
 الحفيرة.
 البويطن.
 العونيه.
 وادي الجناح.
 الروغاني.
 الوهلان.
 وادي أبوعلي.
 الضلعه.
 منزلة أبوعلي.
 العدائن.
 الفرده.
 العنبريه.
 الرفيعه.
 الغابشيه.
 العوشزيه.
 المباركيه.
 البربك.
 النعام.

وصلات خارجية
بلدية محافظة عنيزة

مراجع

بلديات منطقة القصيم
محافظة عنيزة

بلدية عنيزة


الضيف هو زائر البيت وليس صاحبه، أما صاحب البيت فيسمى المُضِيف. واكرام الضيف خلق من الاخلاق العظيمة وقد اشتهر بها العرب في الجاهلية كحاتم الطائي.

الضيف عند العرب
للضيف عند العرب - سَواءٌ في الجاهلية أو الإسلام - مَكانَةٌ عالية ومنزلة رفيعة، وأخبارهم في ذلك أكثر مِن أن تُحصى أو تُعَدّ، فَهُم يتفاخرون بإكرام الضيف، ولهم في ذلك أشعارٌ كَثِيرَة، فمن ذلك قول عبد قيس بن خفاف البُرْجُمي، يوصي ابنه جُبَيل:

وَالضَّيْفَ أَكْرِمْهُ فَإِنَّ مَبِيتَهُ... حَقٌّ وَلَا تَكُ لُعْنَةً لِلنُّزَّلِ

وَاعْلَمْ بِأَنَّ الضَّيْفَ مُخْبِرُ أَهْلِهِ... بِمَبِيتِ لَيْلَتِهِ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُسْأَلِ

وكان العَرَب إذا نزل بهم ضيف يُجيرونَهُ، ويُقْرُونَهُ (القِرَى: إطعام الضيف)، ويتفاخرون بذلك، يقول الأَعْشَى حاكِيًا عن وصيّة أبيه:

إنّ الأعـزّ أبـانـا كـان قـال لنـا... أُوصـيكُـمُ بثـلاثٍ إنّنــي تلــفُ

الضّيـفَ، أوصيكُـمُ بالضّيف إنّ لـه... حـقّـا عـلـيّ فأُعطيـه وأعتـرفُ

والجــارَ، أوصيكُـمُ بالجـار إنّ لـه... يومـاً من الدّهر يثنِيــهِ  فينصـرفُ

وقاتلــوا القـوم، إنّ القتـلَ مكرمـةٌ... إذا تلوّى بكـفّ المعصَـمِ  العُــرُفُ

فكان هذا حالُهُم بالرغم من ضنك العيش وقلة الطعام ونفاد الزاد، وكانت عادة العرب أن يوقد كرماؤهم نارًا على مرتفع من الأرض إذا كانوا في قحط أو مجاعة؛ ليراها السائر في الليل فيقصدَها، يقول حاتم الطائي:

أَوقِدْ فَإِنَّ الليل ليلٌ قُرُّ... والرِّيحُ يا مُوقِدُ رِيحٌ صِرُّ

عَسَى يَرَى نَارَك مَنْ يَمُرُّ... إِنْ جَلَبَتْ ضَيْفًا فَأَنْتَ حُرُّ

وقد رُوِيَ عنهم في ذلك أساطير كثيرة، حتَّى زعم بعضُهُم أنَّهُ ضَيَّفَ الجِنَّ، فيقول في ذلك وهو شُمَير بن الحارث الضّبّي:

وَنَارٍ قَدْ حَضَأْتُ بُعَيْدَ وَهْنٍ... بِدَارٍ مَا أُرِيدُ بِهَا مُقَامَا

سِوَى تَرْحِيلِ رَاحِلَةٍ وَعَيْنٍ... أُكَالِئُهَا مَخَافَةَ أَنْ تَنَامَا

أَتَوْا نَارِي فَقُلْتُ: «مَنُونَ أَنْتُمْ»؟ ... فَقَالُوا: «الجِنَّ»، قُلْتُ: «عِمُوا ظَلَامَا»

فَقُلْتُ: «إِلَى الطَّعَامِ» فَقَالَ مِنْهُمْ... زَعِيمٌ: «نَحْسُدُ الإِنْسَ الطَّعَامَا»

لَقَدْ فُضِّلْتُمُ فِي الأَكْلِ فِينَا... وَلِكْنْ ذَاكَ يُعْقِبُكُمْ سَقَامَا.

الضيف في الإسلام
حَثَّ الإسلام على اكرام الضيف وحسن معاملته، يقول النبي محمد: «مَن كانَ يُؤْمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ جَارَهُ، ومَن كانَ يُؤْمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فَلْيُكْرِمْ ضَيْفَهُ، جَائِزَتَهُ قَالَ: وما جَائِزَتُهُ يا رَسولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: يَوْمٌ ولَيْلَةٌ، والضِّيَافَةُ ثَلَاثَةُ أيَّامٍ، فَما كانَ ورَاءَ ذلكَ فَهو صَدَقَةٌ عليه، ومَن كانَ يُؤْمِنُ باللَّهِ واليَومِ الآخِرِ فَلْيَقُلْ خَيْرًا أوْ لِيَصْمُتْ» (رواه البخاري)

طالع أيضا
 إكرام الضيف
 زائر
 مريد
 نزيل
 طالب
 مجاور
 زبون
 عميل

مراجع

علاقات اٍنسانية

ضيف


Objektif, Samsun çıkışlı Türk müzik grubudur. 1988 yılında kurulmuş olup günümüzde Vecdi Yücalan (vokal ve gitar), Murat Tükenmez (bas), Çağlar Abanoz (gitar), Umut Mutku (gitar) ve Onur Akça'dan (bateri) oluşmaktadır. Hard rock ve heavy metal türlerinde faaliyet göstermektedir. İlk albümü Tımarlı Hastane 1990'da yayımlanan Objektif'in; sonrasında sırasıyla Hayal ve Yaşam (1993), Kuşkular (1996), Künye (2000) ve son olarak Sokağın Sesi (2007) albümleri piyasaya sürülmüştür.

Geçmişi
1988'de, sonraki yıl düzenlenecek Altın Çınar Müzik Yarışması'na katılma amacıyla Vecdi Yücalan tarafından Samsun'da kuruldu. Bu dönemde grup; İbrahim Cantay (vokal), Vecdi Yücalan (gitar), Tayfun Çubukçu (bas) ve Tuncay Zigaloğlu'ndan (bateri) oluşuyordu. Grup, katıldığı Altın Çınar Müzik Yarışması'nda genel klasmanda dördüncülük, rock klasmanında da ise birincilik ödülü aldı. 1990 yılında grubun ilk stüdyo albümü Tımarlı Hastane, Uzelli Müzik tarafından yayımlandı. 1993'te, yine Uzelli Müzik'ten ikinci stüdyo albümleri Hayal ve Yaşam yayınlandı. Bu albümde gruba Mahmut Asan (klavye) da katılmıştı.

1996'da, üçüncü stüdyo albümleri Kuşkular, Ada Müzik etiketiyle piyasaya sürüldü. Bu albümde gruba Ferruh Bonabian (bas), Alpay Şalt (bateri) ve Süha Duran (klavye) dahil oldu. Albümün ardından o yıl dağılan grup, 1998'de İstanbul'da tekrar faaliyete geçti. 2000 yılında TMC'den yayımlanan Künye adlı dördüncü stüdyo albümlerinde Vecdi Yücalan vokalleriyle de yer alırken grubun kalan üyeleri değişerek Cankut Bayhan (gitar), Faruk Kavi (gitar), Umut Arabacı (bas) ve Alişan Topaloğlu (bateri) gruba katılmıştı. Bu albümün yayınlanmasından bir süre sonra dağılan grup, 2004 yılında yeni bir kadroyla tekrar faaliyete geçti. 2004 ve 2005 yıllarında Barışarock'ta sahne aldı.

2007'de, Ağdaş Müzik tarafından grubun beşinci stüdyo albümü Sokağın Sesi piyasaya sürüldü. Bu albümde Hakan Şavklı (gitar), Başat Karakaş (bas), Taner Keser (bateri), Gökçe Dayanç (bateri), Volkan Uzunhasanoğulları (klavye), Bülent Güven (klavye) ve Toygar Işıklı (klavye) da grup bünyesinde yer almıştı. Grup son olarak, Halkın Sesi adını taşıyacak altıncı stüdyo albümlerinin hazırlıklarını yapmaktadır.

Tarzı
Hard rock ve heavy metal türlerinde eserler veren Objektif'in bazı şarkıları çevreci ve siyasi gibi konulara değinen protest şarkılardır. Grubun kurucusu Vecdi Yücalan, etkilendiği kişiler arasında Elvis Presley, John Lennon, The Beatles, Black Sabbath, Cem Karaca ve Erkin Koray olduğunu belirtmiştir. Yücalan ayrıca, grubun icra ettiği müziği "halk rock" olarak tanımlamıştır.

Üyeleri
Mevcut
 Vecdi Yücalan (vokal ve gitar)
 Murat Tükenmez (bas)
 Çağlar Abanoz (gitar)
 Umut Mutku (gitar)
 Onur Akça (bateri)

Eski

 İbrahim Cantay (vokal)
 Cankut Bayhan (gitar)
 Faruk Kavi (gitar)
 Hakan Şavklı (gitar)
 Umut Arabacı (bas)
 Başat Karakaş (bas)
 Tayfun Çubukçu (bas)
 Ferruh Bonabian (bas)
 Tuncay Zigaloğlu (bateri)
 Alişan Topaloğlu (bateri)
 Alpay Şalt (bateri)
 Taner Keser (bateri)
 Gökçe Dayanç (bateri)
 Mahmut Asan (klavye)
 Süha Duran (klavye)
 Volkan Uzunhasanoğulları (klavye)
 Bülent Güven (klavye)
 Toygar Işıklı (klavye)

Diskografisi
 Tımarlı Hastane (1990, Uzelli Müzik)
 Hayal ve Yaşam (1993, Uzelli Müzik)
 Kuşkular (1996, Ada Müzik)
 Künye (2000, TMC)
 Sokağın Sesi (2007, Ağdaş Müzik)
 Halkın Sesi (belli değil)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1988'de kurulan müzik grupları
Türk heavy metal grupları
Türk hard rock grupları
Ada Müzik sanatçıları
Uzelli Müzik sanatçıları
TMC sanatçıları

Objektif (müzik grubu)


Shall We Dance? kan henvise til:

 Shall We Dance (film fra 1937) – en amerikansk film fra 1937 med Fred Astaire og Ginger Rogers.
 Shall We Dance? (film fra 1996) – en japansk film fra 1996 instrueret af Masayuki Suo.
 Shall We Dance? (film fra 2004) – en amerikansk film fra 2004, der er en genindspilning af den prisbelønnede japanske film af samme navn

Shall We Dance?


Salete es un municipio brasileño del estado de Santa Catarina. Su población según el Censo del IBGE del año 2010 era de 7357 habitantes, descendientes principalmente de alemanes, italianos y polacos llegados de municipios vecinos.

Geografía
Se localiza a una latitud 26º58'48" sur y a una longitud 49º59'59" oeste, estando a una altitud de 500 metros. Se encuentra en un valle montañoso, con relieve accidentado, beneficiado por abundantes ríos formadores del Itajaí del Oeste, posee una cuenca hidrográfica bien drenada.

Historia
Salete comenzó a ser colonizada en 1925, por inmigrantes italianos y alemanes procedentes de los municipios vecinos en busca de nuevas tierras para cultivo. Con el nombre de Gran Arroyo, perteneció a Taió hasta 1961, cuando se tornó independente. El nombre es un homenaje a Nuestra Señora de La Salette (en portugués Nossa Senhora da Salete).

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página de la prefectura

Localidades de Santa Catarina

Salete (Santa Catarina)


حزب الائتلاف الوطني حزب سياسي فلسطيني سابق ذو توجه قومي وطني ، تأسس في ديسمبر 1935 . وكان مؤسسوه جميع قادة الأحزاب القائمة في فلسطين آنذك.

نبذة عن الحزب
عقب ثورة عز الدين القسام أو الثورة الفلسطينية الكبرى تهيأت النفوس للثورة ورأى قادة الأحزاب السياسية ان الأمور تكاد تفلت من ايديهم فأتفقوا على العمل المشترك حيث كونوا ائتلاف فيما بينهم.

وقد اُخذ على هذا الائتلاف قبوله التفاوض مع المندوب السامي البريطاني في ذلك الوقت بشأن المجلس التشريعي دون الرجوع إلى قادة الأحزاب المشاركة فيه.

مراجع

أحزاب فلسطين السابقة
سياسة فلسطين

حزب الائتلاف الوطني


Redondo belediyesi, Portekiz'in Alentejo bölgesine bağlı Alentejo Central altbölgesinin belediyelerinden biridir.

Bucaklar
Belediyede 2 bucak (Por.: freguesia) yer almaktadır.

 Montoito
 Redondo

Redondo


ප්‍රතිහිස්ටමින් හෝ Antihistamines යනු allergic rhinitis සහ වෙනත් අසාත්මිකතා සඳහා භාවිතා වන ඖෂධ වර්ගයක් වේ.

ඖෂධ

Antihistamine


Director de cine de origen  italiano, Pedro Sambarino es uno de los pioneros de la cinematografía latinoamericana, por los trabajos realizados en Argentina, Bolivia y Perú.

Sambarino y el Cine Boliviano
Sambarino llegó a Bolivia en 1923 desde Argentina, donde había trabajado operando proyectoras y realizando filmes por encargo del gobierno Argentino; ya en Bolivia funda la S.A. Cinematográfica Boliviana, más conocida como Bolivia Film, y produce el noticiero Actualidades de La Paz cuya primera edición duró más de una hora.

Sambarino realizó varios documentales para el Gobierno boliviano, resaltando el patriotísmo y al ejército de ese país. En 1924, Sambarino dirige "Por mi Patria", mediometraje documental producido por Bolivia Film. En el filme, Sambarino realizó el montaje de imágenes de diferentes acontecimientos de la época, organizándolos y dándoles unidad gracias a la edición y la incorporación de un narrador, introduciendo de esa manera el cine documental en Bolivia, que hasta entonces sólo conocía las "vistas" cinematográficas sin compaginación, que se limitaban a reproducir escenas del acontecer de la época. "Por mi Patria" se estrenó en el Teatro Princesa de la ciudad de La Paz.

Ese mismo año, Sambarino presenta "Las maniobras militares de 1923" y "Cochabamba", de casi dos horas de duración. Al año siguiente, en 1925, el realizador italiano filma "El centenario de Bolivia" por   encargo del gobierno de Felipe Guzmán.

En 1925, Sambarino presenta "Corazón Aymará", considerada como el primer largometraje de ficción del cine boliviano, de acuerdo a la prensa de la época mostraba "la sobriedad, la docilidad y el espíritu de trabajo de la raza más laboriosa de Bolivia, presentando a la vez magníficas escenas de su vida a pleno campo y a la sombra de las montañas más elevadas, el Illimani y el Illampu".

Adaptación de la obra teatral "La Huerta" de Ángel Salas, "Corazón Aymará" narra las desventuras de Lurpila, la protagonista, quien "se encuentra atrapada entre la desconfianza de su padre Colke Chuima, el odio de su madrastra Summa Pankara, los celos de su esposo Khana Aru y el asedio del mayordomo de la hacienda donde todos habitan. Pero además, no puede librarse del recuerdo de su amante Kilco. La tragedia estallará cuando Lurpila sea juzgada por el cacique de la comunidad y condenada a morir junto al amante".

El cineasta italiano, realiza también la película "En el país de los incas", filme que fue exhibido en Perú y sería el antecedente para que Sambarino continué su obra cinematográfica en ese país.  En 1925, Sambarino realiza "El centenario de Bolivia" por encargo del presidente de Bolivia Hernando Siles, película que fue distribuida en las capitales de Chile y Argentina. También por encargo del gobierno de Siles, en 1928 Sambarino filma "Festejos de la aviación".

Su obra en Perú
Pedro Sambarino llega al Perú en 1924 en ocasión del aniversario de la Batalla de Ayacucho, retornando a Bolivia, donde continuaría su trabajo cinematográfico por algunos años.

En 1927, Sambarino participa como camarógrafo y fotógrafo en Luis Pardo de Enrique Cornejo Villanueva, considerado como el primer largometraje del cine peruano e inicia en ese país la realización de "Carnaval del Amor" encargando el guion a la periodista peruana Ángela Ramos.

Sambarino migrá al Perú en 1929, continuando su carrera, dirigiendo ese año uno de los primeros largometrajes del cine peruano "El carnaval del amor", película que se estrena en febrero de 1930.

La película muestra la antagonía campo-ciudad, en la que, según Mario Lucioni e Irela Núñez, .

Sambarino realizaría luego "Inca Cuzco" de 1934 y fallecería en Lima dos años más tarde en 1936.

Filmografía
 Actualidad de La Paz, cortometraje documental 1923
 El ferrocarril Atocha-Villazón, cortometraje documental 1923
 El ferrocarril La Paz - Los Yungas, cortometraje documental 1923
 En el corazón de Sud América, cortometraje documental 1923
 En el país de los Incas, cortometraje documental 1923
 Los trabajos del ferrocarril Potosí-Sucre, cortometraje documental 1923
 Maniobras militares, cortometraje documental 1923
 Cochabamba, cortometraje documental 1924
 Por mi patria, documental 1924
 Corazón Aymara 1925
 Coronación de la Virgen de Copacabana, cortometraje documental 1925
 El centenario de Bolivia, documental 1925
 El Meeting del Mar, cortometraje documental 1926
 El Presidente Siles en Oruro, cortometraje documental 1926
 El Presidente Siles en Potosí, cortometraje documental 1926
 Festejos de la aviación, cortometraje documental 1928
 Operación de cesárea, cortometraje documental 1928
 Viaje del Presidente Siles a Cochabamba, cortometraje documental 1928
 El carnaval del amor 1930
 Inca Cusco, documental 1934

Notas y referencias

Enlaces externos

Directores de cine de Bolivia

Pedro Sambarino


15036 Giovannianselmi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
15036 Giovannianselmi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Dossobuono la Observatorul Madonna di Dossobuono. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,46 ua, o excentricitate de 0,09 și o înclinație de 5,8° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 15001-16000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1998
Centura de asteroizi

15036 Giovannianselmi


María Teresa Ledóchowska (1863-1922) fue una religiosa austríaca, fundadora de la congregación de las «Hermanas Misioneras de San Pedro Claver» (también llamadas «Hermanas Claverianas»). Su compromiso en las misiones de África por los oprimidos y por la liberación de los esclavos le hicieron ganar el epíteto de «madre de las misiones de África». Beatificada por la Iglesia católica el 19 de octubre de 1975, su festividad se celebra el 6 de julio.

Los primeros años
La beata María Teresa Ledóchowska nació el 29 de abril de 1863 en Loosdorf (Austria). Hija del Conde Antoni Halka-Ledochowski, de origen polaco, ella y sus hermanos Wlodimir Ledochowski, Ursula Ledóchowska y Ignacy Kazimierz Ledóchowski crecieron en la finca de su padre, en un ambiente aristocrático, heredando la fe de sus progenitores. En 1882 se trasladó con su familia a Lipnica, cerca de Cracovia (Polonia).

En 1885 entró al servicio de la corte de Fernando IV, gran duque de Toscana, en Salzburgo (Austria). De 1885 a 1890, María Teresa fue dama de honor de la gran duquesa de Toscana.

El «Sodalicio de San Pedro Claver»

María Teresa no tenía sentido de la vida religiosa hasta que leyó un discurso del cardenal Charles Martial Lavigerie, a quien el papa León XIII le había confiado la evangelización de África. En efecto, tuvo dos encuentros significativos que cambiaron su vida: con las Franciscanas Misioneras de María y con el cardenal Charles Martial Lavigerie. El cardenal exhortaba a todos, y en particular a las damas europeas, al compromiso contra la esclavitud. María Teresa Ledóchowska comenzó a dar a conocer su causa.

En 1890, fundó la revista «Eco de África» organizando una imprenta con el fin de editar publicaciones religiosas misioneras. Salió de la Corte en 1891 y, a partir de ese momento, inició un proceso de maduración que la conduciría a la redacción de los estatutos para una asociación de laicos a la cual llamó «Sodalicio de San Pedro Claver», que tenía por objetivo apoyar las misiones africanas y la liberación de los esclavos. María Teresa eligió a Pedro Claver, como santo patrono de la obra misionera que emprendía. Esos estatutos fueron aprobados por el papa León XIII el 29 de abril de 1894. El propio papa la recibió en audiencia y apoyó su idea de luchar contra la esclavitud en África.

«Hermanas Misioneras de San Pedro Claver»

En 1897, el Sodalicio con su primera sede cerca de Salzburgo se convirtió en una congregación religiosa. El cardenal Johannes Evangelista Haller (1825-1900), arzobispo de Salzburgo entre 1890 y 1900, aprobó las primeras constituciones el 17 de abril de 1897 y María Teresa, junto a la primera compañera Melania d'Ernst, profesaron los votos religiosos. Para entonces, las  ediciones del «Eco de África» se imprimían en 9 idiomas. En 1910, tuvo el reconocimiento del Instituto por parte del papa Pío X.

Así, María Teresa Ledóchowska se convirtió en la fundadora de la congregación de las «Hermanas Misioneras de San Pedro Claver» (también llamadas «Hermanas Claverianas»). María Teresa ya era conocida como la «madre de las misiones de África». Murió en la casa general de Roma, el 6 de julio de 1922.

Legado
Después de la muerte de María Teresa Ledóchowska, la congregación que fundó -iniciada en Europa- se extendió por los restantes continentes: América (1928), Oceanía (Australia, 1929), África (1955), y Asia (India, 1972). Entre los países de habla hispana, la obra se propagó por España (Tv. Cano 10, Madrid), Argentina (Tronador 1851, Ciudad de Buenos Aires), Colombia, etc. María Teresa Ledóchowska fue beatificada por el papa Pablo VI el 19 de octubre de 1975 y su festividad se celebra en la Iglesia católica el 6 de julio.

Véase también
 Pedro Claver

Referencias y bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Fundadores de una orden o congregación católica
Religiosos de Austria
Misioneros católicos
Abolicionistas
Beatos de Austria
Personas beatificadas por Pablo VI
Austríacos del siglo XIX
Austríacos del siglo XX
Nacidos en Loosdorf
Fallecidos en Roma

María Teresa Ledochowska


Mustafa Yücel Özbilgin (20 Haziran 1942; Akçaabat, Trabzon – 17 Mayıs 2006, Ankara), Danıştay Saldırısı'nda görev başında hayatını kaybeden Türk hukukçu ve mülki idare amiri.

1960 yılında Yozgat Lisesi'ni bitirdi. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi'nden 1965 yılında mezun oldu.

Taşova Kaymakam Vekilliği, Havsa, Ardahan, Kâhta ve Bozova Kaymakamlıkları, Mülkiye Müfettişliği, Ocak 1992-Nisan 1996 tarihleri arasında Adıyaman Valiliği, 1996-1999 yılları arasında ise Merkez Valiliği görevlerini ifa etmiştir. 6 ay süreyle İngiltere'de bulunmuş, "Yerel Yönetimlerin Denetimi" konusunda, İçişleri Bakanlığı yayınları arasında yayımlanan ayrıntılı bir rapor hazırlamıştır.

Cumhurbaşkanı tarafından 30 Eylül 1999 tarihinde Danıştay Üyeliğine seçilmiş ve 22 Şubat 2000-26 Mart 2002 tarihleri arasında Danıştay Genel Sekreteri olarak görev yapmıştır.

Öldürülmesi

17 Mayıs 2006 tarihinde Mustafa Yücel Özbilgin, çalıştığı Danıştay 2. Dairesinde saldırgan Alparslan Arslan tarafından öldürüldü.

Alparslan Arslan bu saldırıyı, Danıştay II. dairesinin baş örtüsü hakkında aldığı kararlara tepki olarak gerçekleştirdiğini ifade etmiştir. Ancak Ergenekon İddianamesi'nde Danıştay Saldırısı'nın Ergenekon örgütünün talimatıyla gerçekleştirildiği savunulmuştur. 25 Temmuz 2008'de kabul edilen Ergenekon davası iddianamesinde Danıştay Saldırısından sorumlu olarak Ergenekon örgütü gösterilmiş ve azmettiricisi olarak emekli Tuğgeneral Veli Küçük gösterilmiştir.

1942 doğumlular
Akçaabat doğumlular
Türk hukukçular
Türkiye Danıştay genel sekreterleri
Türkiye Danıştay üyeleri
Süleyman Demirel tarafından atanan Danıştay üyeleri
Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
Danıştay Saldırısı
Suikast sonucu ölen Türk hukukçular
Ankara'da ölenler
2006 yılında ölenler
Türkiye'de cinayet sonucu ölenler
Türkiye'de ateşli silahtan ölenler
Karşıyaka Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler

Mustafa Yücel Özbilgin


Velika nagrada Sakhira je automobilistička utrka Formule 1 koja se prvi i jedini put održala 2020. na stazi u Bahreinu, ali koristeći drugačiji layout od one utrke za Veliku nagradu Bahreina. Utrka je uvrštena u kalendar tijekom 2020., nakon niza otkazivanja drugih utrka Formule 1 zbog pandemije koronavirusa, a ime je dobila po regiji gdje se nalazi staza.

Utrka je bila obilježena Hamiltonovim nenastupanjem na utrci zbog pozitivnog nalaza na COVID-19, te ostvarenje prve pobjede u karijeri za Sergia Péreza.

Pobjednici

Velike nagrade F1
Formula 1 u Bahreinu

Velika nagrada Sakhira


The Mysterious Stranger is a novel attempted by the American author Mark Twain. He worked on it intermittently from 1897 through 1908. Twain wrote multiple versions of the story; each involves a supernatural character called "Satan" or "No. 44".

Versions
The three stories differ in length: The Chronicle of Young Satan has about 55,000 words, Schoolhouse Hill 15,300 words and No. 44, the Mysterious Stranger 65,000 words.

"St. Petersburg Fragment"
Mark Twain wrote the "St. Petersburg Fragment" in September 1897. It was set in the fictional town of St. Petersburg, a name Twain often used for Hannibal, Missouri. Twain then revised this version, removing references to St. Petersburg, and used the text for The Chronicle of Young Satan.

The Chronicle of Young Satan
The first substantial version is entitled The Chronicle of Young Satan (also referred to as the "Eseldorf" version) and relates the adventures of Satan, the sinless nephew of the biblical Satan, in Eseldorf, a village in Austria, in the year 1702. Twain wrote this version between November 1897 and September 1900. "Eseldorf" is German for "Assville" or "Donkeytown".

Schoolhouse Hill
The second substantial text Twain attempted to write is known as Schoolhouse Hill or the "Hannibal" version. It is set in the U.S., and concerns the adventures of the familiar characters Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer with Satan, referred to in this version as "No. 44, New Series 864962". Twain began writing it in November 1898 and, like the "St. Petersburg Fragment", set it in the fictional town of St. Petersburg.

No. 44, the Mysterious Stranger
The third text, called No. 44, the Mysterious Stranger: Being an Ancient Tale Found in a Jug and Freely Translated from the Jug, also known as the "Print Shop" version, returns to Austria, this time in the year 1490, not long after the invention of printing. It tells of No. 44's mysterious appearance at the door of a print shop and his use of heavenly powers to expose the futility of mankind's existence. This version also introduces an idea that Twain was toying with at the end of his life, involving a duality of the "self", composed of the "Waking Self" and the "Dream Self". Twain explores these ideas through the use of "Duplicates", copies of the printshop workers made by No. 44.
This version contains an actual ending, but the text still has many flaws and it is debatable whether it can be considered finished.
Twain wrote this version between 1902 and 1908.

Paine-Duneka text of 1916
The edition published in 1916 (in seven parts in Harper's Magazine, and separately as a book published by Harpers) is composed mainly of a heavily edited Chronicle of Young Satan, with a slightly altered version of the ending from No. 44 tacked on. Albert Bigelow Paine, who had sole possession of Twain's unfinished works after Twain's death and kept them private, claimed that he had searched through Twain's manuscripts and had found the proper intended ending for The Mysterious Stranger. After Paine's death in 1937, Bernard DeVoto became the possessor of Twain's manuscripts and released them to the public. In the 1960s, critics studied the original copies of the story and found that the ending Paine chose for The Mysterious Stranger referred to the characters from different versions of the story (such as No. 44 instead of Satan) and the original names had been crossed out and written over in Paine's handwriting.

In 1963, scholars led by researcher John S. Tuckey carefully examined Twain's papers and manuscripts and discovered that Paine had not only tampered with and patched together three previously unfinished manuscripts but also had with assistance from Frederick Duneka added passages not written by Twain in order to complete The Mysterious Stranger. The book version that was published nonetheless maintains Twain's criticisms of what he believed to be the hypocrisy of conventional religion.

According to editor W. M. Gibson, Paine's volume was a literary fraud that went undetected for more than 40 years. Nevertheless, Gibson also admits that "the cut, cobbled-together, partially falsified text has the power to move and to satisfy esthetically despite its flaws."

Summary
In 1590, three boys, Theodor, Seppi, and Nikolaus, live relatively happy simple lives in a remote Austrian village called Eseldorf (German for "Assville" or "Donkeytown"). The story is narrated by Theodor, the village organist's son. Other local characters include Father Peter, his niece Marget, and the astrologer.

One day, a handsome teenage boy named Satan appears in the village. He explains that he is an angel and the nephew of the fallen angel whose name he shares. Young Satan performs several magical feats. He claims to be able to foresee the future and informs the group of unfortunate events that will soon befall those they care about. The boys do not believe Satan's claims until one of his predictions comes true. Satan proceeds to describe further tragedies that will befall their friends. The boys beg Satan to intercede. Satan agrees but operates under the technical definition of mercy. For instance, instead of a lingering death due to illness, Satan simply causes one of Theodor's friends to die immediately.

In the village and in other places around the world where Satan transports them magically, the boys witness religious fanaticism, witch trials, burnings, hangings, deaths and mass hysteria. Finally, Satan vanishes with a brief explanation: "[T]here is no God, no universe, no human race, no earthly life, no heaven, no hell. It is all a dream – a grotesque and foolish dream. Nothing exists but you. And you are but a thought – a vagrant thought, a useless thought, a homeless thought, wandering forlorn among the empty eternities!".

University of California Press editions
In 1969, the University of California Press published, as part of The Mark Twain Papers Series, a scholarly edition of all three unaltered manuscripts, edited by William M. Gibson and titled Mark Twain's Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts; it was republished in 2005. The University of California Press also released a final version of No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger in a popular edition in 1982.

Adaptations

Film versions
In 1982, a film version of No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger was shot by The Great Amwell Company and shown in the United States on PBS, and later on HBO and was directed by Peter H. Hunt. The role of 44 was played by Lance Kerwin, and August was played by Chris Makepeace.

A scene from The Chronicle of Young Satan was adapted in the 1985 claymation film The Adventures of Mark Twain, wherein Satan invites Tom Sawyer, Huck Finn, and Becky Thatcher to his company, displaying his powers to manifest things at will. He invites them to construct small clay people, which he brings to life and places in a small kingdom. Satan expresses curiosity and eventually spite toward their creations when the clay people display infighting and inflict cruelty on one another. He causes plagues and natural disasters to destroy the small community, buries the ruins with an earthquake, and causes wild vegetation to engulf the spot where the clay people once lived, demonstrating the futility and insignificance of mankind—much to the horror of the children, with Huck Finn uttering "You murdered them!" Satan advises them that "people are of no value" and that more could be made "if we need them". The scene also quotes Satan's last line from the book. In this version, Satan appears playful and friendly when he constructs the small kingdom, slowly revealing himself as cruel and hateful as he destroys it (although he claims he "can do no wrong" since he does not understand the word's meaning). He appears as a robed, headless figure with a mask where his head would be. As his true nature is revealed, the mask gradually changes from a pleasant appearance to a demonic visage and finally a grinning skull. The film also gives a paraphrased line from No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger to Mark Twain as his parting remark to the children: The human race in all its poverty has only one truly effective weapon: Laughter. Against the assault of laughter nothing can stand.

In 1989, a film adaptation of this book was shot in the Soviet Union by Igor Maslennikov and released under the title Filipp Traum (Philipp Traum is the name Satan comes to use amongst humans, Traum being the German word for "dream").

The 2020 acid western movie Day of the Stranger is a loose adaptation of the story in a western setting.

Opera
Kevin Malone's opera Mysterious 44 is inspired by the work. The première, performed by Manchester Opera Project with a narrated introduction and conclusion by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, was at the residence of the Hallé Orchestra at St Peter's Church, Ancoats, Manchester, on 24 May 2014.

Pop culture
The DC Comics character Phantom Stranger has many similarities to the Mysterious Stranger. Both characters have vague origin stories which allow the possibility that they are exiled angels.

Artist Ted Richards drew a comic-strip adaptation of "The Mysterious Stranger" for his "Dopin' Dan" character in "Rip-Off Comix No. 1" (Rip-Off Press, San Francisco, 1977).

In the Fallout video game series there is a character known as the "Mysterious Stranger". In the entries Fallout 3 and Fallout: New Vegas he is referred to as a "Guardian Angel", and in Fallout 3, Fallout: New Vegas and Fallout 4 he uses a .44 Magnum.

In the video games Red Dead Redemption and Red Dead Redemption 2, a character known as "The Strange Man" possesses several similarities to the Mysterious Stranger.

See also
 Mark Twain bibliography

References

External links
Paine-Duneka text

No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger
  (Not free)

The Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts
  (Google books version; gives access to full text of the book)
  (Not free)
  (Google books version)

Secondary sources

 No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger at Encyclopedia.com

1916 American novels
1916 fantasy novels
American fantasy novels
Novels by Mark Twain
Fiction about invisibility
Unfinished novels
Novels published posthumously
Novels set in Austria
Novels set in Missouri
Fiction about shapeshifting
Fiction about the Devil
Novels about dreams
Novels about telepathy
University of California Press books
Harper & Brothers books
American novels adapted into films
Novels adapted into operas

The Mysterious Stranger


Gröfaz (også skrevet som GröFaZ) er et Akronym brugt som øgenavn for "Größter Feldherr aller Zeiten" (Alle tiders største feltherre) Adolf Hitler.

Udtrykket blev først udbredt først efter Slaget ved Stalingrad i 1943. Den lange udgave, som forkortelsen synes opstået af, kan have udviklet sig af at Feltmarskal Wilhelm Keitel under indtryk af Felttoget i vest og erobringen af Beneluxlandene og Nordfrankrig udtalte:

Forkortelsen "Gröfaz", der ikke kan føres tilbage til Keitel, skulle håne såvel Hitler som Nationalsocialisternes forkærlighed for forkortelser.

Forkortelsen blev med galgenhumor og ironi brugt af Hitlers generaler længe før krigens slutning . Reelt skulle der i henhold til direktiv til pressen i 1942 anvendes titlen "Führer und Oberster Befehlshaber der Wehrmacht" (Fører og øverstkommanderende for Værnemagten) for på gunstig måde at formidle begrebet "der Führer". Gennem den ellers næsten religiøse anvendelse fik Hitlers tilnavn Führer en patetisk klang."

Noter

Tysk sprog
Adolf Hitler

GröFaZ


VE Podveležje je vjetroelektrana u BiH na području Grada Mostara u Podveležju, snage 48 MW. Izgradio ju je konzorcij Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy Hrvatska i Wind Power A/S iz Danske, a puštena je u rad u veljači 2021.

Izvori

Podveležje
 Mostar

Vjetroelektrana Podveležje


شر البلية مسلسل يمني كوميدي ساخر، اجتماعي، أُنتج منه خمسة أجزاء متتالية من عام 2004م وحتى العام 2008م أنتجت قناة اليمن الجزء الأول والثاني فيما أنتجت أكشن للإنتاج الفني بقية الأجزاء، من تأليف عبد الله ناصر سليمان وإخراج وسيناريو عبدالحكيم الحكيمي. تم بث الأجزاء الخمسة عبر شاشة القناة الفضائية اليمنية وقناة سبأ المسلسل بطولة إبراهيم الأشموري وعبد الناصر العراسي، وسراب عادل ويحيى الحيمي وفتحية إبراهيم ومحمد الحبيشي والممثلة سالي حمادة وشارك في الجزء الرابع الذي تكلف إنتاجه 60 مليون ريال يمني الفنان الكبير آدم سيف.

مراجع

مسلسلات تلفزيونية يمنية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية يمنية في عقد 2000

شر البلية (مسلسل)