HMS Hero was an H-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1930s. During the Spanish Civil War of 1936–1939 the ship enforced the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides as part of the Mediterranean Fleet. During the first few months of World War II, Hero searched for German commerce raiders in the Atlantic Ocean and took part in the Second Battle of Narvik during the Norwegian Campaign of April–June 1940 before she was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in May where she escorted a number of convoys to Malta. The ship took part in the Battle of Cape Spada in July 1940, Operation Abstention in February 1941, and the evacuations of Greece and Crete in April–May 1941.

The ship covered an amphibious landing during the Syria–Lebanon Campaign of June 1941 and began escorting supply convoys in June to Tobruk, Libya shortly afterwards. She was damaged by German dive bombers while rescuing survivors from the minelayer  in October 1941 and resumed escorting convoys to Malta. Hero took part in the Second Battle of Sirte in March 1942 and in Operation Vigorous in June. She sank two German submarines whilst stationed in the Mediterranean in 1942, and was transferred back home late in the year to begin converting to an escort destroyer. The ship was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) in 1943 and renamed HMCS Chaudière. She became part of the Mid-Ocean Escort Force in early 1944 until her transfer back to British coastal waters in May to protect the build-up for Operation Overlord. Together with other ships, she sank three more German submarines during the year. Chaudière was refitting when the war ended in May 1945 and was in poor shape. The ship was paid off in August and later sold for scrap. The process of breaking her up, however, was not completed until 1950.

Description and construction
Hero displaced  at standard load and  at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of  and a draught of . She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of  and gave a maximum speed of . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers. Hero carried a maximum of  of fuel oil that gave her a range of  at . The ship's complement was 137 officers and men in peacetime, but this increased to 146 in wartime. In Canadian service, the crew numbered 10 officers and 171 men.

The ship mounted four 4.7-inch Mk IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, Hero had two quadruple Mark I mounts for the 0.5 inch Vickers Mk III machine gun. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for 21-inch torpedoes. One depth charge rail and two throwers were fitted; 20 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began. By mid-1940, this had increased to 44 depth charges.

Ordered on 13 December 1934 from Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company, Hero was subcontracted to Vickers-Armstrongs and laid down by their High Walker Yard at Newcastle-on-Tyne, England, on 28 February 1935. She was launched on 10 March 1936 and completed on 21 October 1936. Excluding government-furnished equipment like the armament, the ship cost £249,858.

Wartime modifications
Most ships of Heros class had the rear torpedo tubes replaced by a 12-pounder AA gun after the evacuation of Dunkirk in 1940, but it is not clear if she underwent this refurbishment as she was deployed in the Mediterranean until 1943. Other changes made before her conversion to an escort destroyer in 1943 probably included exchanging her two quadruple .50-calibre Vickers machine guns mounted between her funnels for two Oerlikon 20 mm AA guns, the addition of two Oerlikon guns to her searchlight platform and another pair on the wings of the ship's bridge. The ship's director-control tower and rangefinder above the bridge were most likely removed in exchange for a Type 271 target indication radar during the conversion, as was the replacement of 'B' gun by a Hedgehog anti-submarine spigot mortar, and the addition of a Type 286 short-range surface search radar. Two QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss guns were fitted on the wings of her bridge to deal with U-boats at short ranges. The ship also received a HF/DF radio direction finder mounted on a pole mainmast. 'Y' gun was also removed to allow her depth charge stowage to be increased. Late in the war, her Type 286 was replaced by a Type 291 radar.

Career
Hero was assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla of the Mediterranean Fleet upon commissioning. She patrolled Spanish waters during the Spanish Civil War enforcing the policies of the Non-Intervention Committee. Hero received a refit in June–July 1939 in the UK and rejoined the Mediterranean Fleet upon its completion. The ship remained in the Mediterranean until 5 October when she was transferred to Freetown, Sierra Leone to search for German commerce raiders. Hero returned to the UK in January 1940 and received a refit at Portsmouth from 15 February to 16 March. In the meantime, the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla had been assigned to Home Fleet and the ship rejoined them when her refit was finished.

On 5 April Hero escorted the battlecruiser  as she covered the minelayers preparing to implement Operation Wilfred, an operation to lay mines in the Vestfjord to prevent the transport of Swedish iron ore from Narvik to Germany. The ship and her sister ship  pretended to lay a minefield off Bud, Norway on 8 April and reported its location to the Norwegians. Hero and the destroyer  streamed their TSDS minesweeping gear in advance of the battleship  and her escort as they steamed up the Vestfjord to engage the remaining German destroyers at Narvik on 13 April. The ship and four other British destroyers pursued the remaining German ships into the Rombaksfjorden (the easternmost branch of the Ofotfjord), east of Narvik, where the lack of ammunition had forced the German ships to retreat. Most of the German destroyers had scuttled and beached themselves at the head of the fjord, but the scuttling charges on  had failed to detonate properly and she was boarded by a small party from Hero. They found nothing of any significance as she'd been abandoned by her crew and the destroyer put a torpedo into her to prevent any salvage.

Hero was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet on 17 May as part of the reconstituted 2nd Destroyer Flotilla. During the Battle of Cape Spada on 19 July, the ship escorted Australian light cruiser  and rescued some of the 525 survivors from the  together with the other escorting destroyers. Hero, together with her sister, , and the destroyers  and , were ordered to Gibraltar on 22 August where they were to join Force H. Hostile struck a mine en route on the early morning of 23 August off Cap Bon that broke her back. The explosion killed five men and wounded three others. Mohawk took off the survivors while Hero fired two torpedoes to scuttle her. The ship took part in Operation Hats in September, before refitting in Malta during November. She sortied into the North Atlantic when Convoy WS-5A reported that it had been attacked by the  on 25 December to round up the scattered ships.

On 1 January 1941, Hero was one of the ships that intercepted a Vichy French convoy off Mellila and seized all four merchant ships of the convoy. The ship took part in Operation Excess early in January 1941 and was transferred back to the Mediterranean Fleet. On 27 February, she evacuated a few surviving commandos from the island of Kastelorizo who had attacked the island in Operation Abstention. In mid-April she escorted the fast transport  and three battleships from Alexandria to Malta before going on to escort the battleships as they bombarded Tripoli on 20 April. After refueling in Alexandria on 23 April, Hero took part in Operation Demon, evacuating British and Australian troops from Greece. On 27 April Hero towed the Dutch troop ship , which had been damaged by a German air attack. When it was clear that the troop ship could not be saved from sinking, Hero, her sister , the destroyer  and cruiser  rescued all of Costa Ricas crew and all 2,600 troops. During the evacuation of Crete, Hero and the destroyer  evacuated the King of Greece and his entourage on the night of 22/23 May.

Hero escorted the LSI(L)  as she conducted an amphibious landing in early June 1941 on the Lebanese coast during the opening stages of the Operation Exporter. She spent most of the rest of the year escorting convoys to Tobruk. Together with her sister  and the destroyer , the ship escorted  on 25 October whilst en route to Tobruk. They were attacked by Junkers Ju 87 Stuka dive bombers of I./StG 1 that hit Latona and set her afire. Hero and Encounter came alongside and rescued the crew and passengers before Latonas magazine exploded, but Hero was damaged by three near misses whilst alongside. The ship returned to Alexandria for repairs and escorted a convoy to Malta in January 1942. She took part in the 2nd Battle of Sirte on 22 March whilst escorting a convoy to Malta. Together with the s  and  on 29 May, she sank the  north-east of Tobruk, at , and rescued 42 survivors.

During Operation Vigorous in June, Hero formed part of the escort for the covering force of the Mediterranean Fleet for the Malta-bound convoy. At time the ship still had not been fitted for radar. After Panzer Army Africa occupied Mersa Matruh in late June, the Admiralty ordered the submarine tenders  and the Greek  transferred to Haifa, but Medway was torpedoed and sunk en route despite the strong escort. Hero and the destroyer  rescued 1105 survivors between them. On 17 August, the ship rescued some 1,100 survivors of the torpedoed troopship . In conjunction with four other destroyers and a Wellesley light bomber of the Royal Air Force, Hero sank   north-east of Port Said on 30 October. The ship was ordered back to the United Kingdom, via the Cape of Good Hope, to be converted to an escort destroyer late in the year.

Transfer to the Royal Canadian Navy
Her conversion at Portsmouth lasted from April to November 1943 and Hero was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy as a gift on 15 November 1943 and renamed HMCS Chaudière. After working up, the ship was assigned to the Escort Group C2 in February 1944, based in Derry. On 6 March 1944, whilst defending Convoy HX 228 west of Ireland, the escorts forced  to the surface where she surrendered after a 32-hour hunt. The submarine could not be towed to port and was torpedoed by the British destroyer . The ship was reassigned to the 11th Escort Group in May 1944 in preparation for Operation Overlord. The group was tasked to protect Allied shipping in the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay and, together with the destroyers  and , the ship sank  in the Bay of Biscay near La Rochelle on 18 August. Two days later, the same ships sank  in the Bay of Biscay west of Brest. In November, Chaudière was sent to Sydney, Nova Scotia for a refit.

The refit did not begin until late January 1945 and was still in progress when the war ended in May. She was found to be in the worst shape of any Canadian destroyer when inspected and was declared surplus to requirements on 13 June. She was paid off on 17 August 1945 and later sold for scrap to the Dominion Steel Company. Her demolition, however, was not completed until 1950.

Poetry
The ship's completion on Tyneside in 1936 inspired the poet Michael Roberts to write a poem entitled "H.M.S. Hero". The poem of twelve lines in three stanzas, begins; "Pale grey, her guns hooded, decks clear of all impediment, / Easily, between the swart tugs, she glides in the pale October sunshine...".

Footnotes

References

External links

G and H-class destroyers of the Royal Navy
Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy
Ships built on the River Tyne
1936 ships
World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom
Canadian River-class destroyers
Canadian River-class destroyers converted from G and H-class destroyers
Ships built by Vickers Armstrong

HMS Hero (H99)


Kausala é uma vila e centro administrativo no município de Iitti em Päijänne Tavastia, na Finlândia. Kausala tem uma população de 3.775 habitantes,  o que a torna a maior vila do município em termos de população. A importância de Kausala para o município se deve, em grande parte, à sua localização central ao longo da rodovia, estrada nacional finlandesa 12 (Vt12) e a ferrovia Lahti-Kouvola passando pela vila. Os lagos mais próximos são o Lago Leininselkä e o Lago Urajärvi, na parte norte da vila.

Existem várias lojas em Kausala, como as mercearias S-market e K-Market, e Iitin Maatilatori, a própria loja da vila do município. A aldeia tem ainda três escolas e três jardins de infância, uma biblioteca, uma pista de patinação no gelo e um posto de saúde. Na parte oeste da vila, ao longo da rodovia, também existe um local de descanso Matkakeidas Kausala.

Cidades da Finlândia

Kausala


Íslam í Sviss hefur að mestu borist með innflytjendum síðan seint á 20. öld. Var undir 1% af heildaríbúafjölda árið 1980, hlutfall múslima af íbúum fastráðinna íbúa í Sviss hefur fimmfaldast á þrjátíu árum, áætlað rúmlega 5% frá og með 2013. Meirihluti þeirra er frá fyrrum Júgóslavíu (áætlaður 56% sem 2010, flestir frá Kosovo); 20% til viðbótar (2010 áætlun) er frá Tyrklandi. Þetta er vegna þess að á sjöunda og áttunda áratugnum hvatti Sviss unga menn frá Júgóslavíu og Tyrklandi til að koma sem gestastarfsmenn. Upphaflega ætluðu þessir ungu menn aðeins að dvelja tímabundið í Sviss, en endurskoðuð svissnesk innflytjendalög á áttunda áratugnum leyfðu fjölskyldusamsetningu. Þar af leiðandi enduðu þessir menn á því að dvelja í Sviss þar sem þessi nýju lög heimiluðu eiginkonum og börnum þessara ungu manna inn í landið. Frá þessu tímabili stafar megnið af innflytjendum múslima til Sviss frá hælisleitendum sem koma fyrst og fremst frá Austur-Evrópu.

Mikill meirihluti múslima í Sviss fylgir súnnítagreininni. Sumir frægir múslimar í Sviss eru Tariq Ramadan, Frithjof Schuon, Titus Burckhardt, Xherdan Shaqiri og Isabelle Eberhardt.

Tengt efni
 Íslam
 Íslam í Evrópu
 Íslam á Íslandi
 Evrabía

Tilvísanir

Íslam í Evrópu

Íslam í Sviss


වියුණු සටහන හෙවත් බ්ලොග් (Blog) යනු බොහෝ විට තනි පුද්ගලයකු විසින් පවත්වාගෙන යන විශේෂිත වෙබ් අඩවි වර්ගයකි. බ්ලොග් යන වදන නිර්මාණය වී ඇත්තේ web log යන ඉංග්‍රීසි වදන කටහුරු ආකාරයට සකස් වීමෙනි. තමන්ගේ පුද්ගලික අදහස් මෙන්ම එදිනෙදා පුවත්, ඡායාරූප, වීඩියෝ දර්ශන සහ ශ්‍රවණ ගොනු ද පවත්වාගෙන යන පුද්ගලයා හෝ පිරිස විසින් මෙම වෙබ් අඩවි තුළ පළකරනු ලැබේ. බහුතරයක් දෙනා තම බ්ලොග් අඩවි, රුචිකත්වය අනුව ඒ වටා රොක් වූ පාඨක පිරිසක් සමඟ තම පෞද්ගලික අත්දැකීම් හා මතිමතාන්තර බෙදා ගැනීම සඳහා භාවිතා කරන අතර තවත් පිරිසක් විසින් තම බ්ලොග් අඩවි කිසියම් විෂයක් හෝ ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් පිළිබඳව තමා සතු දැනුම අන් අය සමඟ හුවමාරු කරගැනීමට යොදාගනු ලබති. කුමන ආකාරයකින් භාවිතා කළ ද බ්ලොග් අඩවියක් යනු ඕනෑම පුද්ගලයකුට පවත්වාගෙන යා හැකි එම පුද්ගලයාට අනන්‍ය වූ වෙබ් අවකාශයකි. විශේෂ අවස්ථා වලදී හැරුනුකොට එහි අන්තර්තගය සඳහා සීමාවන් බල නොපැවැත්වෙන බැවින් තමාගේ අදහස් තමාට රිසි අයුරින් බ්ලොග් අඩවිය තුළ පළ කළ හැකිය. බ්ලොග්කරණයේ (Blogging) සීඝ්‍ර ජනප්‍රියත්වය සඳහා මෙම සාධකය බොහෝ සෙයින් බලපා ඇත.

බොහෝ අවස්ථා වලදී බ්ලොග් අඩවියක ව්‍යුහය සකස් වී ඇත්තේ දින වකවානු අනුපිළිවෙලටය. බ්ලොග් අඩවිය පවත්වාගෙන යන පුද්ගලයා විසින් බ්ලොග් සටහන් (Blog Posts) එක් කරනු ලබන්නේ ද එවන් අනුපිළිවෙලකට බැවින් පෙරකී ව්‍යුහය බ්ලොග් අඩවියකට වඩාත් උචිත වේ. මේ වන විට බ්ලොග් අඩවියක් තැනීම සඳහා වෙබ් අවකාශ පහසුකම් සලසන වෙබ් අඩවි ගණනාවක් අන්තර්ජාලය තුළ දැකිය හැක. Blogger හා Wordpress.com යනු එයින් ජනප්‍රියතම වෙබ් අඩවි වේ . මෙම ඕනෑම වෙබ් අඩවියකින් තමාට කැමති ආකාරයකින් බ්ලොග් අඩවියක් තැනීම අපහසු කරුණක් නොවන අතර, සිංහල යුනිකෝඩ් භාවිතය ප්‍රචලිත වීමත් සමඟ සිංහල හාෂාවෙන් ලියැවෙන බ්ලොග් අඩවි විශාල සංඛ්‍යාවක් ද අන්තර්ජාලයට එක්වී ඇත.

මූලාශ්‍ර

සිංහල භාෂාවෙන් ලියවෙන වියුනු සටහන්
slmusics.com - blog
 සයිබර් හිරු
 Hiru gossip lanka
 Geek Kuppiya

වියුණු සටහන


AeroGauge es un videojuego para la Nintendo 64 que trata sobre futurísticas carreras aeroespaciales de hovercrafts en diversas pistas contra diversos contrincantes.
Tiene disponible un modo de un solo jugador, GrandPrix, multijugador (sin juego en línea) y contrarreloj, en el cual se puede jugar con tres dificultades: Novato, Mediano y Experto. Este videojuego sigue la estética utilizada en otros videojuegos como la serie Extreme G y/o el Wipeout.

Descripción general
Aerogauge tiene lugar en Asia durante el año 2065. El juego tiene cuatro pistas y cinco vehículos desde el principio, con pistas adicionales y vehículos que se pueden desbloquear a través de los modos Grandprix y Time Attack. El juego incluye daños en el vehículo, que se muestra con un medidor en la parte inferior del HUD. A medida que el jugador gana daño, su vehículo comenzará a chispear y humear. Si un jugador adquiere demasiado daño, su vehículo se detendrá, aterrizará lentamente en el suelo y la pantalla se desvanecerá en negro con el texto "Retire". Para evitar esto, los jugadores pueden reparar los daños volando a través de las pistas de la pantalla de regeneración de las zonas a baja altitud.

Modos de juego
El juego tiene cuatro modos de juego diferentes que el jugador puede elegir en el menú principal.

Grandprix
Grandprix es un modo de juego para un solo jugador. Tiene una liga de campeonato básica, teniendo la carrera de los jugadores contra los vehículos controlados por computadora en cada mapa en el juego. Antes de cada carrera, el jugador debe tomar dos vueltas de calificación que a su vez determina la posición inicial para la carrera basada en el mejor tiempo del jugador y cómo se compara con el de la computadora. La carrera real es de tres vueltas alrededor del campo, contra siete oponentes, todos los cuales despegan de la línea de salida rápidamente, por lo general dejando al jugador detrás para ponerse al día. Después de una carrera, el jugador recibe puntos de recompensa dependiendo de su posición final; mejor colocación da más puntos. Los puntos de cada carrera en el Grandprix se totalizan para determinar el ganador.

Singlematch
Singlematch es también un modo de un solo jugador. Es una carrera contra la inteligencia artificial del juego en una pista elegida por el jugador. Al igual que el Grandprix, se requieren dos vueltas de calificación para determinar la posición inicial.

VS
El modo VS es un modo de juego de dos jugadores, en el que dos jugadores humanos eligen una pista y una carrera. No hay vueltas de calificación y no hay oponentes de la IA.

Time Attack
El modo Time Attack es otro modo de juego para un solo jugador. Se trata de un contra reloj en una pista elegida por el jugador. El jugador puede elegir hacer tres o un número infinito de vueltas. Si el jugador selecciona hacer tres vueltas, los fantasmas (representación del mejor tiempo del jugador) pueden ser guardados en una tarjeta de memoria y cargados para correr.

AeroMachines
En el universo del juego, un AeroMachine es un vehículo con la capacidad de producir un campo fuerte de flujo magnético localizado. Los AeroMachines son los vehículos utilizados en el Sky Step. Hay 10 disponibles AeroMachines, con 5 disponibles desde el principio y 5 ser desbloqueables.

Cada uno de los AeroMachines se clasifica en función de seis categorías que se muestran en un gráfico de radar. Las categorías son speed (velocidad máxima del aire), steering (capacidad de giro), accele (aceleración), aero limit (velocidad necesaria para obtener aerotransportada), shield (resistencia) y stability (poder de agarre).

Pistas

Canyon Rush
La Canyon Rush es la primera pista del modo GrandPrix, tiene 4741m de longitud, con dos túneles que hacen aumentar la velocidad.

Bikini Island
La Bikini Island es la segunda pista del modo GrandPrix, tiene 3895m de longitud, con cinco túneles, uno de ellos para por el fondo marino pudiendo ver una ballena justo por mitad del túnel. También tienen lugares para aumentar la velocidad.

Chinatown
La Chinatown es la tercera pista en el modo GrandPrix, en el cual, como mínimo, se tiene que ser tercero para pasar al siguiente circuito. Esta pista puede ser la más carismática ya que tiene que pasar a toda velocidad por las carreteras y avenidas chinas. Tiene 4684m y no tiene ningún túnel para aumentar la velocidad pero tiene tramas de autopistas subterráneas.

Neo Arena
La Neo Arena es otro circuito futurístico del modo GrandPrix en el cual, se termina el campeonato de carreras del modo GrandPrix. Tiene 5743m y consta de dos túneles, sirviendo alguno de ellos como atajo.

Chinatown Jam
La Chinatown Jam es una pista que supera la Chinatown tiene curvas rectas hay partes donde puedes perder velocidad y también hay partes donde ganas velocidad.

Soundtrack
En el AeroGauge tiene 21 canciones y 5 jingles, ninguno de los cuales es cantado. La lista es la siguiente:
 Canciones:
 Flame your plains
 Liberated mind
 After the aero
 Magic Maker
 Pride at speed
 Pride at speed (remix)
 Reaching Horizons
 Reaching Horizons (remix)
 Leashed aeroforce
 Leashed aeroforce (remix)
 City 2065
 City 2065 (remix)
 Last Treason
 Last Treason (remix)
 Rushing wind
 Rushing wind (remix)
 Lust to win
 Engrave
 Join Hands
 Sonic prices
 Lean to instincts

 Jingles:
 Grandprix
 Race start
 Goal in
 Retire
 Game over

Recepción
El juego recibió malas críticas como el 4.5 recibido por la página GameSpot de IGN; los redactores de GameSpot comienzan explicando que "AeroGauge no tiene nada espectacular mostrando en pantalla uno de los peores popup (se refiere a la aparición repentina de objetos cercanos debido al pobre motor gráfico) de objetos en pantalla que hacía tiempo no se veía".

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Trucos para Aero Gauge en Guiamania
 Códigos para Action Replay

 Análisis, trucos e imágenes de Aero Gauge en Meristation

Videojuegos de 1997
Videojuegos de carreras
Videojuegos de carreras futuristas
Videojuegos de ciencia ficción
Videojuegos de ASCII Corporation
Videojuegos desarrollados en Japón
Videojuegos ambientados en los años 2060
Videojuegos multijugador en pantalla dividida
Videojuegos de un solo jugador y de multijugador
Videojuegos para Nintendo 64
Videojuegos exclusivos para Nintendo 64

AeroGauge


Bombaški atentat u Claudyu odigrao se 31. srpnja 1972. kada su u jutro eksplodirale tri automobilske bombe na glavnoj ulici u naselju Claudy. Poginulo je 9 osoba a 30 je povrijeđeno. Nitko nije osuđen za ovaj čin, ali je policija objavila 24. kolovoza 2010. da je nova istraga trajala 8 godina i da je jedan policajac otežavao istragu i da je atentat vjerojatno izvela Privremena IRA. Vjeruje se da je katolički svećenik James Chesney sudjelovao u pripremi atentata.

Literatura na internetu
NI Conflict Archive on the Internet

Terorizam u Sjevernoj Irskoj
Teroristički napadi u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu

Bombaški atentat u Claudyu


Walter Kunze (auch Walther Kunze; * 9. Juli 1898 in Treuenbrietzen; † 1977) war ein deutscher liberaler Politiker (DDP/LDP/FDP). Er war Landesvorsitzender der LDP Brandenburg, Minister der Finanzen des Landes Brandenburg. 1948 flüchtete er in den Westen. Er war Bezirksamtsleiter von Hamburg-Altona.

Leben
Kunze, Sohn eines Lehrers, studierte nach Abschluss des Abiturs und wurde 1919 Mitglied des Demokratischen Studentenbundes. Von 1921 bis 1923 war er Mitglied der Berliner Studentenvertretung und Fraktionsvorsitzender des Deutschen Hochschulbundes. Ab 1924 bis 1931 war er Geschäftsführer verschiedener DDP-Kreisverbände im Osthavelland, in Hessen-Darmstadt und in Berlin. 1931 wurde Kunze wegen Geldmangels bei der DDP entlassen und längere Zeit arbeitslos.

Kunze war auch Mitglied des Reichsbanners Schwarz-Rot-Gold und dessen Ortsgruppenvorsteher in Beuthen und Oppeln. Zwischen 1938 und 1942 war er als Lagerverwalter und Sachbearbeiter tätig. 1943 wurde er zur Luftwaffe eingezogen und geriet später in sowjetische Kriegsgefangenschaft.

Nach seiner Rückkehr 1945 wurde er Mitglied der LDP. 1945/1946 war er als Referent im Informationsamt der Provinzialverwaltung der Mark Brandenburg tätig. 1946 wurde er LDP-Ortsgruppenvorsitzender in Falkensee, Gemeindevertreter in Falkensee und Kreistagsabgeordneter für den Kreis Oberhavel. Von Dezember 1946 bis März 1948 war er Finanzminister in Brandenburg, von März 1947 bis März 1948 war er Erster Vorsitzender des LDP-Landesvorstandes Brandenburg und von Juli 1947 bis März 1948 auch Mitglied des LDP-Zentralvorstandes. Von 1946 bis 1948 war er Mitglied des Landtages.

Im März/April 1948 floh er über Berlin in die Westzonen. Hier trat er der FDP bei. Er lebte seit August 1948 in Hamburg und war als Redakteur bei der Welt am Sonntag tätig. Von Anfang Mai 1954 bis Ende Juli 1963 war er als Nachfolger von August Kirch Bezirksamtsleiter ("Bezirksbürgermeister") von Altona. Er war auch Vorsitzender des LDP-Bundesbeirates der FDP.

Ehrungen
 Nach ihm ist seit 1984 die Walther-Kunze-Straße in Altona-Nord benannt.

Literatur
 Wolfgang Schollwer, Monika Fassbender: Liberale Opposition gegen Adenauer. Oldenbourg, München 1990, S. 215.
 Martin Broszat et al. (Hrsg.): SBZ-Handbuch: Staatliche Verwaltungen, Parteien, gesellschaftliche Organisationen und ihre Führungskräfte in der Sowjetischen Besatzungszone Deutschlands 1945–1949. 2. Auflage. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München 1993, ISBN 3-486-55262-7, S. 960.
 Fritz Reinert (Bearb.): Protokolle des Landesblockausschusses der antifaschistisch-demokratischen Parteien Brandenburgs 1945–1950. Böhlau, Weimar 1994, S. 62.
 Werner Gerdes: Walter Kunze – ein Demokrat gegen die Diktatur der SED. In: liberal. Vierteljahreshefte für Politik und Kultur 34 (1992), H. 4, S. 79–85.
 Gabriele Baumgartner, Dieter Hebig (Hrsg.): Biographisches Handbuch der SBZ/DDR. 1945–1990. Band 1: Abendroth – Lyr. K. G. Saur, München 1996, ISBN 3-598-11176-2, S. 451.
 Friederike Sattler: Wirtschaftsordnung im Übergang. Politik, Organisation und Funktion der KPD/SED im Land Brandenburg bei der Etablierung der zentralen Planwirtschaft in der SBZ/DDR 1945–52. Lit, Münster 2002, S. 941f.

Einzelnachweise

Finanzminister (Brandenburg)
Landtagsabgeordneter (Brandenburg 1946–1952)
Bezirksamtsleiter (Hamburg)
DDP-Mitglied
LDPD-Mitglied
FDP-Mitglied
Deutscher
Geboren 1898
Gestorben 1977
Mann

Walter Kunze (Politiker, 1898)


Kopačina je špilja kod Donjeg Humca, općina Nerežišća. Predstavlja zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Špilja Kopačina se nalazi na sjeverozapadnoj strani otoka Brača u blizini Donjeg Humca Sastoji se od dvije prostorije povezane uskim hodnikom od kojih je samo prednja osvijetljena glavnim otvorom. U njoj su nađeni najstariji tragovi pretpovijesnog čovjeka na otoku, tisuće kostiju onodobnih divljih životinja i kamenih rukotvorina koji pripadaju epipaleolitičkom i mezolitičkom razdoblju, te mnoštvo keramičkih ulomaka datiranih u brončano doba kao i sjekira s krilcima koja pripada ranoj fazi brončanog doba. Pored špilje se nalazio izvor vode. Špilja je obitavana od 8. do 3 tisućljeća pr. Kr. te je najstarije čovjekovo stanište u Dalmaciji i jedno od najstarijih na cjelokupnom jadranskom otočju.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4928 zavedena je pod vrstom "arheologija", pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "kopnena arheološka zona/nalazište".

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Zaštićene kopnene arheološke zone i nalazišta u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Špilje u Hrvatskoj
Prapovijesni arheološki lokaliteti u Hrvatskoj
Donji Humac

Kopačina


Biserica evanghelică din Hoghilag este un ansamblu de monumente istorice aflat pe teritoriul satului Hoghilag, comuna Hoghilag.

Ansamblul este format din următoarele monumente:
 Biserica evanghelică ()
 Turn-clopotniță  ()

Localitatea
Hoghilag (în dialectul săsesc Halwelajen, Halvelâjn, în , în ) este satul de reședință al comunei cu același nume din județul Sibiu, Transilvania, România. Prima mențiune documentară a localității datează din anul 1317. Localitatea obținea, la mijlocul secolului al XIV-lea, statutul de sat liber pe Pământul Crăiesc în Scaunul Sighișoara.

Biserica
În 1446 este menționată o biserică cu hramul Sfânta Maria. În 1828 este construită o biserică nouă, având tavan drept și un cor cu absidă semicirculară, acoperită cu o boltă avela. După 10 ani biserica este dotată cu mobilier: altar, amvon, cristelniță și orgă. Din vechea cetate bisericească, așa cum era înfățișată într-un desen de Martin Schlichting, s-a păstrat doar turnul clopotniță.

Note

Bibliografie
Asociația Mioritics cu suportul financiar al Deutsche Welterbe Stiftung:
După texte elaborate de: Vladimir Agrigoroaei, Valentin Sălăgeanu, Luiza Zamora, Laura Jiga Iliescu, Ana Maria Gruia.
După ilustrații executate de: Radu Oltean, Laurențiu Raicu, Florin Jude.
Anghel Gheorghe, Fortificații medievale din piatră, secolele XII-XVI, Cluj Napoca, 1986.
Avram Alexandru, Câteva considerații cu privire la bazilicile scurte din bazinul Hârtibaciului și zona Sibiului, în Revista monumentelor și muzeelor de istorie, 1981, numărul 2.
Crîngaci Maria-Emilia, Bazilici romanice din regiunea Sibiului în Analele Asociației a Tinerilor Istorici din Moldova, Ed. Pontas, Chișinău, 2001.
Juliana Fabritius-Dancu, Cetăți țărănești săsești din Transilvania, în Revista Transilvania, Sibiu, 19.
 Hermann Fabini. Universul cetăților bisericești din Transilvania. Sibiu: Editura Monumenta, 2009, 279 p.
Iambor Petre, Așezări fortificate din Transilvania (sec. IX-XIII), Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
Luca Sabin Adrian, PINTER Zeno Karl, GEROGESCU Adrian, Repertoriul arheologic al județului Sibiu (Situri, monumente arheologice și istorice), Sibiu, 2003.
Thomas Nägler, Așezarea sașilor în Transilvania, Editura Kriterion, București, 1992.

Adrian Andrei Rusu, Castelarea carpatica, Editura MEGA, Cluj-Napoca, 2005.
George Oprescu, Bisericile, cetăți ale sașilor din Ardeal, Editura Academiei, București, 1956.
Țiplic Crîngaci Maria Emilia, PINTER Zeno Karl, Țiplic Ioan-Marian, Biserica evanghelică din Ruja, în Arhitectura religioasă medievală din Transilvania, III, 2004.
Țiplic Ioan-Marian, Organizarea defensivă a Transilvaniei în evul mediu (secolele X-XIV), Editura Militară, București, 2006.

Vezi și
 Hoghilag, Sibiu

Galerie de imagini

Monumente istorice din județul Sibiu
Biserici evanghelice de confesiune augustană din România
Biserici din secolul al XIV-lea din România
Biserici din județul Sibiu
Biserici fortificate din Transilvania

Biserica evanghelică din Hoghilag


Der Clinch River ist ein 483 Kilometer langer rechter Nebenfluss des Tennessee Rivers im südwestlichen Virginia und im Osten von Tennessee in den USA.

Geographie

Flusslauf
Der Clinch River hat seinen Ursprung am Buckhorn Mountain im Tazewell County in Virginia.
Er fließt in südwestlicher Richtung nach Tennessee. Bei Kingston mündet der Clinch River in den Tennessee River.

Durchflossene Stauseen
Der Clinch River wird zweimal aufgestaut: durch den Norris Dam, dem ersten von der Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) erbauten Staudamm, sowie dem Melton Hill Dam, dem einzigen nicht am Hauptstrom gelegenen TVA-Damm, der eine Schleuse aufweist.

Nebenflüsse
Ein wichtiger Nebenfluss des Clinch River ist der Powell River. Die Einzugsgebiete der beiden Flüsse wird durch den Powell Mountain getrennt.

Zwischen den beiden Staudämmen fließen dem Clinch River folgende Flüsse zu: Coal Creek, Bull Run Creek und Beaver Creek.
Poplar Creek mündet unterhalb des Melton Hill Dam in den Clinch River.

Geschichte
Eine Halbinsel an der Mündung des Clinch River, der sogenannte "Southwest Point", war die Stelle einer Festung, Fort Southwest Point, die kürzlich wieder aufgebaut wurde.
Der Platz war für die Urbevölkerung von Bedeutung.
Ein Vertrag zwischen den Cherokee und den Siedlern wurde hier unterzeichnet und erlaubte die Verlegung der Hauptstadt von Tennessee an diesen Ort.

Der Fluss hieß früher auch "Clinch's River" oder "Pelisipi River".

Ein großes Kohlekraftwerk liegt am Clinch River, bei Carbo im Russell County gelegen.
Es wurde 1957 errichtet und gehört zu Appalachian Power, einem Unternehmen von American Electric Power.
Am 25. Juni 2008 wurde vom Air Pollution Control Board von Tennessee der Bau eines weiteren Kohlekraftwerks wenige Kilometer entfernt nahe St. Paul für Dominion Virginia Power genehmigt.

Die Belastung von Boden und Gewässern der Region durch den Bergbau sind im Fokus von Umweltschützern.
Insbesondere deshalb weil mehrere seltene Tierarten im Clinch River leben.
Anfang der 2000er Jahre wurden im Gebiet um Cleveland Muscheln wieder angesiedelt, deren Population im 20. Jahrhundert durch die Verschmutzung des Gewässers verschwand.

2008 gelangte Flugasche in den unteren Flussabschnitt des Clinch River, unterhalb der Mündung des Emory River.

Ökologie
Im Clinch River oberhalb von Clinton und unterhalb des Norris Dam setzt die Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency Regenbogenforellen und Bachforellen aus.

Bevor der Clinch River aufgestaut wurde, war der Fluss ein wichtiger Lebensraum für Süßwassermuscheln und ein wichtiger Lieferant von Süßwasserperlen.
Die Flüsse in den südlichen Appalachen sind bemerkenswert für ihre reiche Biodiversität an Muscheln.

Muscheln bildeten früher für die Urbevölkerung einen wichtigen Nahrungsbestandteil.
Die Siedler verwendeten die Muscheln als Fischköder und als Schweinefutter.
Die Süßwasserperlenindustrie hatte ihre Blütezeit Ende des 19. und Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts.
Clinch River und Emory River waren das Zentrum dieses Wirtschaftszweigs.
Tennessee war unter den sechs US-Bundesstaaten mit der größten Süßwasserperlenproduktion.
Mit dem Bau der TVA-Staudämme ging die Zeit der Muschel-basierten Industrie zu Ende.

Siehe auch
 Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project
 Liste der Flüsse in Virginia

Weblinks
 Pellissippi Blueway

Einzelnachweise

Clinch River


Cele o sută de mii de regate - The Hundred Thousand Kingdoms este un roman de fantezie din 2010 al scriitoarei americane N. K. Jemisin, prima carte a Trilogiei The Inheritance. Este romanul de debut al Jemisinei, care a fost publicat de Orbit Books în 2010. A câștigat premiul Locus în 2011 pentru cel mai bun roman de debut și a fost nominalizat la premiile World Fantasy, Hugo și Nebula, printre altele. Continuarea romanului, The Broken Kingdoms, a apărut tot în 2010.

Rezumat

Yeine Darr, jelind uciderea mamei sale, este chemată în magnificul oraș plutitor al cerului de bunicul ei Dekarta, conducătorul lumii și șeful familiei Arameri. Întrucât Yeine este tot membră a familiei Arameri (deși înstrăinată din cauza circumstanțelor nașterii sale), el o numește moștenitoare a sa, dar a atribuit deja acest rol atât nepoatei sale, cât și nepotului său, ceea ce duce la o luptă spinoasă pentru putere a celor trei. Yeine trebuie să stăpânească rapid complicațiile crudei societăți Arameri pentru a avea vreo speranță de a câștiga. Ea este, de asemenea, atrasă de intrigile zeilor, patru locuind în cer ca armele puternice și înrobite ale familiei  Arameri. Cu doar câteva zile înainte de ceremonia succesiunii Arameri, Yeine se luptă să dezlege misterul uciderii mamei sale, în timp ce supraviețuiește mașinațiilor rudelor și zeilor.

Recepție
Cartea a fost bine primită. A câștigat premiul Locus din 2011 pentru cel mai bun prim roman  și premiul " Romantic Times Reviewers' Choice Award. A fost preselecționat pentru Premiul Tiptree din 2010, Crawford Award 2011  și a fost nominalizat la 2010 Premiul Nebula  pentru cel mai bun roman, Premiul Hugo din 2011 pentru cel mai bun roman, World Fantasy Award pentru cel mai bun roman,  David Gemmell Legend Award din 2011  și premiul  Goodreads Readers' Choice pentru fantezie.

Traducere
 N. K. Jemisin - Cele o sută de mii de regate, Editura Paladin, februarie 2016, traducere de Radu Hăulică

Referințe

Legături externe
 Romanul pe site-ul web al lui Jemisin

Romane din 2010
Romane fantastice
Romane americane
Romane de debut
Romane de N. K. Jemisin
Romane științifico-fantastice
Premiul Locus

Cele o sută de mii de regate


Pommerieux ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Mayenne in der Region Pays de la Loire. Sie gehört zum Arrondissement Château-Gontier und zum Kanton Château-Gontier. Einwohner der Gemeinde werden Pomméroliennes genannt.

Geografie
Die Gemeinde Pommerieux liegt an der Hière, 30 Kilometer südsüdwestlich von Laval.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Literatur
 Le Patrimoine des Communes de la Mayenne. Flohic Editions, Band 1, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-84234-135-X, S. 322–324.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Pays de la Loire

Pommerieux


Pentachlaena es un género de árboles  pertenecientes a la familia Sarcolaenaceae.  El género tiene tres especies nativas de  Madagascar.

Especies
Pentachlaena betamponensis Lowry & al.
Pentachlaena latifolia H.Perrier
Pentachlaena orientalis Capuron

Referencias

 Lowry, P.P., II, T. Haevermans, J.-N. Labat, G.E. Schatz, J.-F. Leroy & A.-E. Wolf. 2000. Endemic families of Madagascar. V. A synoptic revision of Eremolaena, Pentachlaena and Perrierodendron (Sarcolaenaceae). Adansonia, sér. 3, 22: 11-31.

Sarcolaenaceae

Pentachlaena


برتوكول نقل أخبار الشبكة  هو برتوكول تطبيق الإنترنت، يستعمل بشكل أساسي لقراءة وكتابة مقالات اليوزنت *USENET، بالإضافة إلى إرسال الأخبار وتحويلها بين مخدمات الأخبارNews Server.
وهو بروتوكول يحقق توزيع وتحقيق واسترجاع وإرسال الأخبار، باستخدام نظام إرسال الأخبار بين وكالة مشاريع البحوث المتقدمةَ ARPA. يتبع هذا البروتوكول نظام زبون/مخدمClients/Server) (كمعظم البروتوكولات، ويوجد في طبقة الـ Application كما عرفته منظمة الـ OSI.
يستخدم هذا البروتوكول الـ TCP كبروتوكول للنقل، وبروتوكول الـ IP كبرتوكول لتوجيه الأغراض والمقالات. رقم المنفذ(Port) المتعلق بهذا البروتوكول هو 119. عندما يتصل الزبون بمخدم الأخبار باستعمال الـبروتوكول طبقة المنافذ الآمنة بروتوكول فإن المنفذ 563 للـ TCP هو الذي يُستعمل.

نشــأتــه
قام كل من Brian Kantor من جامعة كاليفورنيا –سان دييغو- وPhil Lapsley من جامعة كاليفورنيا -بيريكلي- بإكمال مواصفات هذا البروتوكول والمحددة في  (RFC هي سلسلة الوثائق التي تحتوي الاقتراحات لمعايير الانترنيت الجديدة أو المُحدّثة)في آذار1986، وقد ساهم أيضاً Stan Barber من كلية بايلور للطب وErik Fair من شركة Apple.

تطــوره
في تشرين الأول من عام 2006 أصدرت اللجنة الخاصة لنظام الإنترنيتIETF المعيار ، الذي يقوم بتحديث برتوكول الـ NNTP وينظم الكثير من الإضافات التي حصلت على مر السنين منذ المعيار .
ولكن أثناء المحاولات الفاشلة لتجديد المعيار المتعلق بالبروتوكول NNTP في أوائل التسعينيات، اِقتُرح شكل آخر لهذا البروتوكول للاستعمال من قبل الزبائن المُسمى:
NNRPبرتوكول نقل أخبار الشبكة.
هذا البروتوكول لم يكتب ولم يطبق بشكل كامل، وكنتيجة لذلك فإنه يوجد مجموعة ثانوية لأوامر الـ NNTP المفيدة للزبائن والتي ما زالت تدعى باسم NNRP.
 شبكة الـ Usenet :

عبارة عن «حقيبة الملفات المشتركة بين المستخدم والشبكة» تسمح بتبادل الرسائل، المقالات، والنشرات عبر الإنترنت، حيث استخدم نظام نقل الأخبار والبريد الإلكترونيUUCP لعَرْض البريدِ وإرسال الملفاتِ، بالإضافة إلى الإعلاناتِ خلال برامجِ الأخبارِ المتطورةِ حديثاً.
توضع هذه المقالات في قواعد بيانات مركزية عبر الإنترنت، ويقوم المستخدمون بالدخول إلى قواعد البيانات هذه للحصول على المقالات التي يريدونها.
وبالتالي التخفيف من انشغالية الشبكة، وعدم الحاجة إلى وضع نسخة من هذه المقالات في كل نظام مشترك.
طوّرَ هذا النظام في جامعة كارولاينا الشّمالية في تشابل هيل وجامعة دوق.
تستعمل الـUsenet برتوكول الـNNTP لتبادل مقالات الأخبار فيما بينها أيضاً، كما يقوم المستخدمون أيضاً باستخدام هذا البروتوكول إذا احتاجوا إلى قراءة مقالات الأخبار الموجودة على مخدم الـ Usenet.

إن المقالات التي يرسلها المستخدمون إلى الـ Usenet تُنَظّم في أصناف متعددة تدعى Newsgroup ،والتي يقومون بتنظيميها أيضاً بأنفسهم إلى مواضيع متنوعة، مثل: في قسم العلوم يوجد علوم الرياضيات، علوم الفيزياء...
فعندما يشارك مستخدم مثلاً في مجموعة أخبار ما، فإن برنامج أخبار الزبون تُتابِع المقالات التي قرأها المستخدم.

يمكن تقسيم أنواع الاتصالات في هذا البرتوكول إلى نوعين:
 Server-to-Server exchanges :
وتعني التبادل بين مخدمات الـ Usenet، بحيث يقوم أحد هذه المخدمات بطلب بآخر المقالات من مخدم آخر، أو يقوم بتزويد مخدم آخر بمقالات جديدة، وبالتالي يكون كلا المخدمين مشغولين بمجموعة أخبار معينة((Newsgroup.
إن الهدف الأساسي من هذه العملية هو منع نظام الإرسال من إرسال مقال موجود سابقاً عند المستقبل.
 User-to-Server connections :
وتعني التبادل بين المستخدم ومخدم الـ Usenet، حيث يقوم المستخدمون بإدارة قرّاء الأخبار الموجودة الآن بمعظم متصفحات الويب.
يقوم المستخدم أولاً بالاتصال بمخدم مجموعة الأخبار(الذي يوجد عادة بمزودات الإنترنيت ISP)، ثم يقوم بتحميل قائمة مجموعات الأخبار المتوافرة.
ومن ثمّ يستطيع الاشتراك بمجموعة أخبارية جديدة وقراءة المقالات المتوافرة في هذه المجموعة الإخبارية أو يرسل خبر أو مقال جديد إليها.

آلية عمل البروتوكول NNTP

قبل وجود بروتوكولNNCP، كانت شبكة الـ Usenet تستخدم بروتوكولUUCP لتبادل المعلومات.
الـUUCP هو بروتوكول لنقل الأخبار والبريد الالكتروني، وهو يتبع نظام الإذاعة المحمولة(BroadCast)، حيث يقوم الحاسوب المضيف بإرسال مقال أو خبر جديد يكون قد استلمه من حاسوب مضيف آخر، والذي يقوم بإرساله تباعاً إلى المصيفين الأخرى ن.
عادة يستقبل الحاسوب المضيف نسخ مطابقة من المقالات، حيث سرعان مايقوم بتجاهل هذه النسخ المتطابقة، وبالتالي هذه العملية هي مضيعة للوقت وهدر في الشبكة.
أما بروتوكول الـ NNTP فإنه يستخدم أوامر تفاعلية وآلية رد تسمح للحاسوب المضيف بتحديد المقالات المراد إرسالها. يتصرف الحاسوب المضيف كما لو أنه زبون يتصل بالمخدم باستخدام برتوكول الـNNTP، ومن ثم يستفسر عن وجود مجموعات أخبار جديدة على أنظمة مضيفي الخدمة. يمكن للمدير أن يختار إنشاء مجموعات أخبار مماثلة على الحاسوب المضيف الذي يقوم بإدارته.
أثناء عمل الـ NNTP يطلب الزبون معلومات حول المقالات الجديدة التي وصلت إلى كل أو بعض مجموعات الأخبار، ثم يقوم المخدم بإرسال قائمة بالمقالات الجديدة للزبون، وبعدها يمكن للزيون أن يقوم بطلب إرسال بعض أو تلك المقالات، كما يمكن له أن يرفض قبول المقالات الموجودة لديه.

بعض خصائص البروتوكول NNTP

إن برتوكولNNTP يملك أوامر معينة تعطي طريقة بسيطة لتبادل المقالات بين المضيفين.
إن المضيفين المتصلين اتصالاً جيداً بشبكة محلية أو شبكة سريعة والذين يريدون الحصول على نسخ من مقالات الأخبار للخزن المحلي سيجدون برتوكول الـ NNTP أكثر كفاءة لتوزيع الأخبار من الطرق التقليدية للنقل(مثل بروتوكول الـ UUCP).
وقد صُمم هذا البروتوكول لقبول الاتصال من المضيفين، وللحصول على وصلة بسيطة لقواعد بيانات الأخبار، فهو فقط واجهة اتصال بين البرامج وقواعد بيانات الأخبار. هذه الوظائف السهلة الاستعمال أفضل لبرامج الزبون، حيث تكون سهلة الفهم بالنسبة للبيئة التي يعمل فيها الزبون.
يمثل هذا البرتوكول سلسلة من الرموز المشفرة مثل برتوكول الـ HTTP، هذه الرموز هي التي تنقل مختلف حالات هذا البرتوكول، وهي توضح كما يلي:

1xx – Information message
2xx – Command is ok
3xx – Command is ok, continue
4xx – Command ok, but could not be processed
5xx – Command not processed (normally due to a server side error)

تظهر هذه الرسائل عادة عند تحميل أو تنزيل مادة معينة، وتظهر عند الـ NNTP الزبون.

الأوامر في بروتوكول الـ NNTP

تشمل الأوامر كلمة الأمرCommand ،والتي في بعض الأحيان تكون متبوعة بمعامل معين. تفصل الأوامر عن معاملاتها بفراغ أو أكثر. يجب أن تكون سطور الأوامر كاملة بكل ماتحتاجه من الأمر ومعاملاته وألا تحتوي على أكثر من أمر. وهي غير حساسة للأحرف الكبيرة والصغيرة وألا تتجاوز الـ 512 محرف متضمنة الفراغات والفواصل وعلامات الترقيم.
وكما ذكرنا سابقاً أن الـ NNTP يشبه قليلاً الـ HTTP في بعض الأوامر، على سبيل المثال: تعليمة Next في الـ NNTP تشير إلى الانتقال إلى المقالة التالية في مجموعة الأخبار.
تعليمة Post تدل على إرسال مقال إلى مجموعة الأخبار. ممكن أن يكون إرسال طلب عن برنامج تلفزيوني مفضل عند بعض الأشخاص ولم يستطع مشاهدته، فبإمكانه إرسال رسالة تطلب من أحد الأشخاص تحميل البرنامج على المخدم إذا تمكن من تسجيله سابقاً.

كيف يبدو طرد البروتوكول NNTP ؟

يشبه طرد الـ NNTP طرد الـ IP بروتوكول إلى حدّ ما، فهو يتكون من ترويسة بروتوكول الـ IP، تتبعه ترويسة بروتوكول الـ TCP، ومن ثم بيانات طبقة البرامج Application. في هذه الحالة نكون قد حصلنا على بيانات الـNNTP.

مثال عن نموذج محادثة التي من المتوقع حدوثها في مخدم الأخبار في الجلسات الافتراضية:

يشير الحرف C إلى الأوامر التي أرسلت إلى مخدم الأخبار من برنامج الزبون.
يشير الحرف S إلى الردود المستلمة من المخدم عند الزبون.
relative access with NEXT
 S: (listens at TCP port 119)
 C: (requests connection on TCP port 119)
 S: 200 wombatvax news server ready - posting ok
 (client asks for a current newsgroup list)
 C: LIST
 S: 215 list of newsgroups follows
 S: net.wombats 00543 00501 y
 S: net.unix-wizards 10125 10011 y
 (more information here)
 S: net.idiots 00100 00001 n
 S: .
 (client selects a newsgroup)
 C: GROUP net.unix-wizards
 S: 211 104 10011 10125 net.unix-wizards group selected
 (there are 104 articles on file, from 10011 to 10125)
 (client selects an article to read)
 C: STAT 10110
 S: 223 10110 <firstname.lastname@example.com> article retrieved - statistics
 only (article 10110 selected, its message-id is
 <firstname.lastname@example.com>)
 (client examines the header)
 C: HEAD
 S: 221 10110 <email@example.com> article retrieved - head
 follows (text of the header appears here)
 S: .
 (client wants to see the text body of the article)
 C: BODY
 S: 222 10110 <email@example.com> article retrieved - body
 follows (body text here)
 S: .
 (client selects next article in group)
 C: NEXT
 S: 223 10113 <firstname.lastname@example.com> article retrieved - statistics
 only (article 10113 was next in group)
 (client finishes session)
 C: QUIT
 S: 205 goodbye.

مجمل التعليمات والردود في بروتوكول الـ NNTP
'''Commands

 ARTICLE
 BODY
 GROUP
 HEAD
 HELP
 IHAVE
 LAST
 LIST
 NEWGROUPS
 NEWNEWS
 NEXT
 POST
 QUIT
 SLAVE
 STAT

 Responses

 100 help text follows
 199 debug output
 200 server ready - posting allowed
 201 server ready - no posting allowed
 202 slave status noted
 205 closing connection - goodbye!
 211 n f l s group selected
 215 list of newsgroups follows
 220 n <a> article retrieved - head and body follow 221 n <a> article
 retrieved - head follows
 222 n <a> article retrieved - body follows
 223 n <a> article retrieved - request text separately 230 list of new
 articles by message-id follows
 231 list of new newsgroups follows
 235 article transferred ok
 240 article posted ok
 335 send article to be transferred. End with <CR-LF>.<CR-LF>
 340 send article to be posted. End with <CR-LF>.<CR-LF>
 400 service discontinued
 411 no such news group
 412 no newsgroup has been selected
 420 no current article has been selected
 421 no next article in this group
 422 no previous article in this group
 423 no such article number in this group
 430 no such article found
 435 article not wanted - do not send it
 436 transfer failed - try again later
 437 article rejected - do not try again.
 440 posting not allowed
 441 posting failed
 500 command not recognized
 501 command syntax error
 502 access restriction or permission denied
 503 program fault - command not performed

بروتوكولات طبقة التطبيق
معايير الإنترنت
يوزنت

برتوكول نقل أخبار الشبكة


La Coupe Forconi de football 1951-1952 est la 8 édition de la Coupe Forconi, une compétition à élimination directe mettant aux prises tous les clubs de football affiliés à la Ligue d'Alger de Football Association.

Calendrier

Premier tour
Les matchs de Premier tour se sont joués le Dimanche  (Entre parenthèses la Division à laquelle appartient le club).

Deuxième tour
Les matchs de Deuxième tour se sont joués le Dimanche .
(Entre parenthèses la Division à laquelle appartient le club)

Troisième tour
Les matchs de Troisième tour se sont joués le Dimanche .(Entre parenthèses la Division à laquelle appartient le club).

Quatrième Tour
Les matchs de Quatrième Tour se sont joués le Dimanche .(Entre parenthèses la Division à laquelle appartient le club)

Cinquième Tour
Les matchs de Quarts de finale se sont joués le .

Quarts de finale
Les matchs de Quarts de finale se sont joués le Dimanche .

Demi-finales
Les matchs de Demi-finales se sont joués le Dimanche .

Finale

La finale a eu lieu au Stade Communal de Saint-Eugène (Saint-Eugène) (Alger), le .

Feuille de match

Sources
 L'Écho d'Alger, années 1951.
 Alger républicain, années 1951
 La Dépêche (Algérie), années 1951

Annexes

Références

1951-1952
Football en 1950
Football en 1951

Coupe Forconi de football 1951-1952


Jeordie Osbourne White (born June 20, 1971), better known Twiggy Ramirez or simply Twiggy, is an American musician, mostly known as the former bassist and guitarist of the rock band Marilyn Manson. Previously, he was the bassist for A Perfect Circle and a touring member of Nine Inch Nails, and is currently the vocalist for Goon Moon. He left Marilyn Manson in 2002, later rejoined the band in 2008, and was dismissed in 2017. He has been a principal songwriter for the band and has also contributed to some of the Desert Sessions recordings.  He also hosted the Hour of Goon podcast with fellow musician Fred Sablan, on the Starburns Audio network.

Early life
White was raised in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey, before moving to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, during his childhood. Influenced by Mötley Crüe, Van Halen and Iron Maiden, he first picked up a guitar at age thirteen. White spent most of his youth in the Fort Lauderdale area, and by age 15, had joined his first band, The Ethiopians. He graduated from J.P. Taravella High School in Coral Springs, Florida where he took advanced guitar classes from Kevin Phillips.

Career
Early in his career, White was in a speed metal cover band called The Ethiopians covering songs such as Metallica's "Trapped Under Ice". Between 1989 and 1993, White played rhythm guitar and provided backing vocals for Amboog-a-Lard.

(1993–2002; 2008–2017) Marilyn Manson

White met Marilyn Manson (Brian Warner) on numerous occasions in the late 1980s. After an unexpected meeting at a used records store in the Coral Springs Mall where White was working, the two realized they had much in common, but had yet to work on a musical endeavor. White actively attempted to join Manson's band while playing in another project. In March 1993, White took part in Manson's side project Mrs. Scabtree and shared vocal duties with then girlfriend Jessicka. Jeordie did not join Marilyn Manson and the Spooky Kids until Gidget Gein was ejected from the band by the manager in December 1993. White was given the Manson band member name Twiggy Ramirez, which was derived by taking the first name from English supermodel Twiggy and the surname from American serial killer Richard Ramirez Jeordie also adopted Gidget's persona, from his personality, his hair style to his outfit choices. White never played bass until Manson bought him his first instrument right after he joined the band. In 1998, White made a cameo in Monster Magnet's music video for "Space Lord". In 2001, White appeared on an MTV Cribs episode: the "Ozzfest Edition".

As a result of many lineup changes (specifically guitarists), White was largely responsible for most of the songwriting on the albums Antichrist Superstar, Mechanical Animals and Holy Wood; for the latter album, he shared credits with John 5. In 2007, White said that he is proud of the work that he did in the band.

On January 9, 2008, Marilyn Manson posted a bulletin on MySpace confirming that Tim Skold was leaving Marilyn Manson and that White had rejoined the band in his place. He toured with Manson as the band's new guitarist in support of their seventh studio album. However, he stayed with Goon Moon after the touring of The High End of Low finished.

White said in an interview that he would keep working with Manson for their next album, Born Villain, which was released on May 1, 2012. While he did not participate in the writing or recording of Marilyn Manson's 2015 album, The Pale Emperor, he continued to tour with the band. Manson confirmed on Reddit that he intends on collaborating with White for the follow-up to The Pale Emperor. Despite this, the band's latest album, Heaven Upside Down, features no contributions from White.

On October 24, 2017, Marilyn Manson posted on Facebook that the band parted ways with White following allegations of sexual misconduct made against him, and announced that there would be a replacement for the upcoming tour.

(2003–present) Other projects
After departing Marilyn Manson, White played two live shows with California punk metal band Mondo Generator, and auditioned for the role of second guitar in Queens of the Stone Age, which he lost to Troy Van Leeuwen of A Perfect Circle. He also auditioned for a spot as bass player (after Jason Newsted's departure) in Metallica, but lost out to former Suicidal Tendencies/Ozzy Osbourne bassist Robert Trujillo, which is documented briefly in their film, Metallica: Some Kind of Monster.

Several months later, White replaced Paz Lenchantin in A Perfect Circle, the project of Tool frontman Maynard James Keenan and former Tool guitar tech Billy Howerdel as a full member of the band on bass guitar. White later joined Queens of the Stone Age frontman Josh Homme on the ninth and tenth volumes of Homme's music project The Desert Sessions. He contributed to Melissa Auf der Maur's solo debut and second solo album Out of Our Minds. He toured with Nine Inch Nails in support of their album With Teeth, from 2005 to 2006 and then again in 2007 for Year Zero.

White has composed for a range of artists from fictional band Steel Dragon to Bif Naked to his namesake, model Twiggy Lawson with whom he recorded and produced a duet of Dusty Springfield's "I Only Want To Be With You" for the soundtrack of the MTV film Dead Man on Campus. In 2005, White worked with Goon Moon and with them released the EP I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine, recorded at Rancho De La Luna, Prescription and Regime Studios. The band released their first full-length album "Licker's Last Leg" in May 2007. White appeared on the UNKLE album War Stories playing bass and synths on the track "Burn My Shadow".
'
White was invited to return to play with A Perfect Circle for their Fall and Winter 2010 Tour in North America, but ultimately did not participate in the reunion and was permanently replaced by Matt McJunkins.

Personal life
White cites Oasis, The Who, The Kinks and the Bee Gees as his influences and as his favorite bands.
White has a Don't Believe the Truth tattoo as a tribute to Oasis on his left arm. Due to his friendship with Oasis producer Dave Sardy, White got to play bass on a new version of Oasis' "Cast No Shadow" that was submitted to the soundtrack for the 2005 movie Goal!, and contributed remixes of "I'm Outta Time" and "Falling Down" that the band used as b-sides.
It has been emphasized by White personally that if there was one single piece of information the public should know about him it would be that he smells like baby powder.

White  married model and makeup artist Alaina "Laney Chantal" Parkhurst on July 26, 2014. The couple later separated. Laney Chantal died on October 31, 2022.

Rape accusation
On October 21, 2017, White's ex-girlfriend Jessicka Addams, lead singer of the band Jack Off Jill, published a Facebook post accusing White of rape, as well as physical and emotional abuse throughout their five year relationship, from 1992 to 1997. On October 24, 2017, Marilyn Manson tweeted on Twitter that the band had parted ways with Ramirez following allegations of sexual misconduct made against him, and announced that there would be a replacement for the upcoming tour. On October 25, 2017, White issued a statement following the allegations: "I have only recently been made aware of these allegations from over 20 years ago. I do not condone non-consensual sex of any kind. I will be taking some time to spend with my family and focus on maintaining my several years of sobriety. If I have caused anyone pain I apologize and truly regret it."

Preferred equipment

While in Marilyn Manson, White used the following bass guitars, among many things, showing a strong preference for Gibson instruments, and bass guitars used by his classic rock mentors:

White owns multiple Gibson Thunderbird bass guitars. During the Guns, God, and Government tour, he toured with 5 Thunderbird bass guitars, most often seen with the pickguard removed, or a matching black pickguard on a black Thunderbird. Each bass guitar had different tunings (Standard, Drop D, etc.) and was used for different songs.
1992 Gibson Thunderbird IV Reverse (seen in the "Disposable Teens" video; used extensively in live performances from 1998 to 2002, and again for live use since his reunion with Manson in 2008.
1974 Gibson Ripper L9-S Bass (vintage, as seen in "The Dope Show" video)
1977 Gibson RD Artist Bass (vintage, as seen in the "Dope Hat" and "Coma White" videos). This bass guitar was sold to a fan through a mutual friend of White and Manson in 2005 via eBay.
BC Rich Warlock Bass w/ Widow headstock (seen in the "Rock is Dead" video).
1980s USA BC Rich Warlock bass (4 on a side headstock) Used in live performances from 1998 to 1999, notably during the first live performance of "The Dope Show" on the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards. White donated this bass guitar to the Hard Rock Cafe in Ottawa, Canada, where it is among their most popular pieces of memorabilia on display.
Gibson Les Paul bass. Used live and in the studio. Makes many appearances in early videos (Lunchbox, Get Your Gunn) and saw live use from 1994 to 1997.

During his parting of ways with Manson from 2002 to 2008, he took up the following models as his preferred instruments:

Fender Precision Deluxe Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)
Spector NS-2 Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)
Steinberger Spirit Bass (live, on tour with A Perfect Circle 2003–2004)
Fender Precision Bass (live, on tour with Nine Inch Nails)
Music Man StingRay 4 Bass (live, on tour with Nine Inch Nails)

In addition to the aforementioned bass guitars, White has used numerous other brands and models of electric and acoustic guitar in writing and recording for each band he has been involved with, and he plays following guitars in live performances.

Gibson Flying V (With Marilyn Manson)
Gibson SG (With Goon Moon)
Gibson ES-335 or Gibson Lucille (With Goon Moon, Nine Inch Nails and Marilyn Manson)
Gibson Les Paul (With Nine Inch Nails)
Gibson Explorer (With Marilyn Manson)
Fender Telecaster (With both Marilyn Manson and Nine Inch Nails)
Mosrite US65-BK (With Marilyn Manson 2009)
Eastwood Guitars Sidejack Baritone (With Marilyn Manson 2009) during "We're From America"

Filmography
 1996: Dead to the World
 1997: Lost Highway
 1999: Coma White
 1999: God Is in the TV
 2002: Guns, God and Government
 2004: Metallica: Some Kind of Monster
 2005: Backstage Pass 3: Uncensored!
 2007: Beside You in Time
 2009: Night of Pan
 2012: Slo-Mo-Tion
 2013: Jeff Hilliard: Good Life
2015: Massacre
2015: Frankenstein
2016: Blood Bath

Discography
Amboog-A-Lard
 1993: A New Hope

Marilyn Manson
 1995: Smells Like Children
 1996: Antichrist Superstar
 1998: Mechanical Animals
 1999: The Last Tour on Earth
 2000: Holy Wood (In the Shadow of the Valley of Death)
 2009: The High End of Low
 2012: Born Villain

Dave Navarro
 2001: Trust No One (Bass on "Everything")

The Desert Sessions
 2003: Volumes 9 & 10

A Perfect Circle
 2003: Thirteenth Step
 2004: eMOTIVe
 2004: aMOTION

Nine Inch Nails
 2007: Beside You in Time

Goon Moon
 2005: I Got a Brand New Egg Layin' Machine
 2007: Licker's Last Leg

Soundtrack work
 1998: Dead Man on Campus Soundtrack ("I Only Want to Be With You" with Twiggy)
 2005: Goal! Soundtrack ("Cast No Shadow (UNKLE Beachhead Mix)" Oasis)
 2001: Rock Star Soundtrack ("Blood Pollution" for the band Steel Dragon)

UNKLE
 2007: Burn My Shadow
 2017: The Road: Part 1
 2019: The Road: Part II (Lost Highway)

Oasis
 2008: I'm Outta Time (Remix)
 2009: Falling Down (It's the Gibb Mix by Twiggy and Sardy)

Cinema Bizarre
 2009: Lovesongs (Remix)

Sons of Anarchy
2013: You Are My Sunshine (Jamey Johnson Shooter Jennings)

References

External links

 Official website

Living people
American rock bass guitarists
American heavy metal musicians
American heavy metal bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
American industrial musicians
Goon Moon members
Marilyn Manson (band) members
Guitarists from New Jersey
Nine Inch Nails members
People from Pompton Lakes, New Jersey
A Perfect Circle members
J. P. Taravella High School alumni
Musicians from Coral Springs, Florida
Alternative metal bass guitarists
Guitarists from Florida
21st-century American bass guitarists
Industrial metal musicians
1971 births

Twiggy Ramirez


ملعب جامعة أسيوط هو ملعب كرة قدم في أسيوط، مصر. وهو الملعب الرئيسي لنادي بترول أسيوط في الدوري المصري الممتاز. الملعب يستوعب 16000 متفرج.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

 معلومات الملعب

ملاعب كرة قدم في مصر

ملعب جامعة أسيوط


An Najas pseudogracillima in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni L.Triest. An Najas pseudogracillima in nahilalakip ha genus nga Najas, ngan familia nga Hydrocharitaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Hong Kong. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Najas

Najas pseudogracillima


Ata, sözcüğü ile aşağıdakilerden biri kastedilmiş olabilir:

 Bir canlının kendisinden önceki kuşaklarda yaşamış akrabaları
 Ortak ata
 Baba, dede veya büyük baba
 Bir toplumun geçmişte yaşamış olan büyükleri
 Atatürk
 Macaristan'ın güneyindeki Áta köyü
 ATA bağlantısı
 Ata Rakı
Ata Atalay, TBMM Milletvekili

Ata (anlam ayrımı)


Language engineering involves the creation of natural language processing systems, whose cost and outputs are measurable and predictable. It is a distinct field contrasted to natural language processing and computational linguistics. A recent trend of language engineering is the use of Semantic Web technologies for the creation, archiving, processing, and retrieval of machine processable language data.

References

Natural language processing

Language engineering


Letland deltog første gang i olympiske lege under Sommer-OL 1924 i Paris. Udøvere fra Letland havde tidligere deltaget som en del af Rusland (1912). Efter at Letland blev annektert af Sovjetunionen i 1940, deltog lettiske udøvere som en del af Sovjetunionen fra 1952 til 1988. Efter at Letland igen blev selvstændige i 1991, har de deltaget i samtlige sommer- og vinterlege.

Medaljeoversigt

Eksterne henvisninger
 Letlands OL-statistikk  på Sports-reference.com

OL

Letland ved OL


Los Anales de Connacht, es una crónica medieval de Irlanda. Las entradas cubren desde 1224 hasta 1544, y proceden de un manuscrito compilado entre los siglos XV y XVI y por al menos tres cronistas, todos ellos posiblemente del Clan Ó Duibhgeannáin.

La primera parte se inicia con la muerte del rey Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair de Connacht; excepcionalmente rico en detalles y mucha información sobre la vida cotidiana de Connacht durante el  hasta mediados del , en particular enfocada a la familia Ó Conchobhair y Burke. Las citas, no obstante, pierden contenido especialmente en el . De todas formas, sigue siendo un documento valioso sobre temas que de otra forma hubiesen permanecido desconocidos en la historia de Connacht e Irlanda en general.

Comparándolo con los Anales de Clonmacnoise, se revela una fuente primaria común para ambas obras, o quizás una sea una copia parcial de la otra.

Véase también
 Anales irlandeses
 Crónica de Irlanda

Bibliografía
 Oxford Concise Companion to Irish Literature, Robert Welsh, 1996. ISBN 0-19-280080-9

Enlaces externos
 Anales de Connaught (original)
 Anales de Conaught (trad. inglés)

Libros del siglo XVI
Crónicas medievales de Irlanda
Manuscritos del siglo XVI
Irlanda en el siglo XV
Irlanda en el siglo XVI

Anales de Connacht


Büyüksöğle, Antalya ilinin Elmalı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Adını Sarıkeçili yörük beyi Söğle'den almıştır.

Coğrafya
Antalya iline 123 km, Elmalı ilçesine 13 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Elmalı'nın mahalleleri

Büyüksöğle, Elmalı


The director of national intelligence (DNI) is a senior, cabinet-level United States government official, required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to serve as executive head of the United States Intelligence Community (IC) and to direct and oversee the National Intelligence Program (NIP). All IC agencies report directly to the DNI. The DNI also serves, upon invitation, as an advisor to the president of the United States, the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council on all intelligence matters. The DNI, supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), produces the President's Daily Brief (PDB), a top-secret document including intelligence from all IC agencies, handed each morning to the president of the United States.

President George W. Bush strengthened the role of the DNI on July 30, 2008, with Executive Order 13470, which, among other things, solidified the DNI's authority to set goals for intelligence gathering and analysis and to set policy for intelligence sharing with foreign agencies and for the hiring and firing of senior intelligence officials. The DNI was given further responsibility for the entire IC's whistleblowing and source protection by President Obama via Presidential Policy Directive 19 on October 10, 2012.

Under , "under ordinary circumstances, it is desirable" that either the director or the principal deputy director of national intelligence be an active-duty commissioned officer in the armed forces or have training or experience in military intelligence activities and requirements. Only one of the two positions can be held by a military officer at any given time. The statute does not specify what rank the commissioned officer will hold during their tenure in either position. The DNI, who is appointed by the president of the United States and is subject to confirmation by the United States Senate, serves at the pleasure of the president.

Upon the inauguration of President Joe Biden, the position was elevated to Cabinet-level. The DNI attends all Cabinet meetings and liaises with the Executive Office of the President and other Cabinet secretaries in the execution of their duties.

History

Founding
Before the DNI was formally established, the head of the Intelligence Community was the director of central intelligence (DCI), who concurrently served as the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

The 9/11 Commission recommended establishing the DNI position in its 9/11 Commission Report, not released until July 22, 2004, as it had identified major intelligence failures that called into question how well the intelligence community was able to protect U.S. interests against foreign terrorist attacks.

Senators Dianne Feinstein, Jay Rockefeller and Bob Graham introduced S. 2645 on June 19, 2002, to create the position of Director of National Intelligence. Other similar legislation soon followed. After considerable debate on the scope of the DNI's powers and authorities, the United States Congress passed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 by votes of 336–75 in the House of Representatives, and 89–2 in the Senate. President George W. Bush signed the bill into law on December 17, 2004. Among other things, the law established the DNI position as the designated leader of the United States Intelligence Community and prohibited the DNI from serving as the CIA director or the head of any other intelligence community element at the same time. In addition, the law required the CIA Director to report their agency's activities to the DNI.

Critics say compromises during the bill's crafting led to the establishment of a DNI whose powers are too weak to adequately lead, manage and improve the performance of the intelligence community. In particular, the law left the United States Department of Defense in charge of the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).

Appointments
The first Director of National Intelligence was U.S. ambassador to Iraq John Negroponte who was appointed on February 17, 2005, by President George W. Bush, subject to confirmation by the Senate. It was reported that President Bush's first choice for DNI was former director of central intelligence Robert M. Gates, who was serving as president of Texas A&M University, but who declined the offer. Negroponte was confirmed by a Senate vote of 98–2 on April 21, 2005, and he was sworn in by President Bush the same day.

On February 13, 2007, Mike McConnell became the second Director of National Intelligence, after Negroponte was appointed Deputy Secretary of State. Donald M. Kerr was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence on October 4, 2007, and sworn in on October 9, 2007. Kerr, from Virginia, was previously the director of the National Reconnaissance Office and the deputy director for science and technology at the CIA before that. Earlier in his career, he was an assistant director at the FBI, in charge of their Laboratory Division from 1997 to 2001.

On July 20, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated retired Air Force lieutenant general James Clapper as the fourth DNI. Clapper was confirmed by the Senate on August 5, and replaced acting director David C. Gompert. This followed Obama's dismissal of the third DNI, retired Navy admiral Dennis C. Blair, whose resignation became effective May 28, 2010.

The fifth DNI, Dan Coats, the sixth DNI, John Ratcliffe, and acting DNIs Joseph Maguire, Richard Grenell and Lora Shiao, all served between March 16, 2017, and January 21, 2021, during the administration of President Donald Trump.

The seventh and current DNI is Avril Haines, who took office on January 21, 2021. The first woman to hold the office, she was nominated by President-elect Joe Biden on November 23, 2020 and confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 2021.

Website issues
Declan McCullagh at News.com wrote on August 24, 2007, that the DNI site was configured to repel all search engines to index any page at DNI.gov. This effectively made the DNI website invisible to all search engines and in turn, any search queries. Ross Feinstein, Spokesman for the DNI, said that the cloaking was removed as of September 3, 2007. "We're not even sure how (the robots.txt file) got there"but it was again somehow hidden the next day. On September 7, McCullagh reported that the DNI appeared to be open to web searches again.

Reform initiatives
In September 2007, the Office of the DNI released "Intelligence Community 100 Day & 500 Day Plans for Integration & Collaboration". These plans include a series of initiatives designed to build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S. Intelligence Community.

Office of the Director of National Intelligence
The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as an independent agency to assist the DNI. The ODNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of United States interests abroad. The ODNI has about 1,750 employees. Its headquarters are in McLean, Virginia.

On March 23, 2007, DNI Mike McConnell announced organizational changes, which include:

 Elevating Acquisition to a new Deputy DNI position
 Creating a new Deputy DNI for Policy, Plans, and Requirements (replacing the Deputy DNI for Requirements position)
 Establishing an Executive Committee
 Designating the Chief of Staff position as the new Director of the Intelligence Staff

The ODNI continued to evolve under succeeding directors, culminating in an organization focused on intelligence integration across the community.

Organization
The ODNI leadership includes the director, principal deputy director and chief operating officer. In addition, the Director of Defense Intelligence reports to the DNI.

There are two directorates, each led by a Deputy Director of National Intelligence:

 Mission Integration Directorate
 National Intelligence Council
 President's Daily Brief
 Policy & Capabilities Directorate
 Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity

There are five mission centers, each led by a director of that center:

 National Counterproliferation and Biosecurity Center
 National Counterterrorism Center
 National Counterintelligence and Security Center
 Foreign Malign Influence Center
 Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center

There are also four oversight offices:

 Office of Civil Liberties, Privacy and Transparency
 Office of Equal Employment Opportunity & Diversity
 Office of the Intelligence Community Inspector General
 Office of General Counsel

Organization seals

United States Intelligence Community

The USIC comprises 17 intelligence agencies and organizations:

 Air Force Intelligence
 Army Intelligence
 Central Intelligence Agency
 Coast Guard Intelligence
 Defense Intelligence Agency
 Department of Energy
 Department of Homeland Security
 Department of State
 Department of the Treasury
 Drug Enforcement Administration
 Federal Bureau of Investigation
 Marine Corps Intelligence
 National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
 National Reconnaissance Office
 National Security Agency
 Naval Intelligence
 Space Force Intelligence

Directors
Position succeeded the Director of Central Intelligence.

Line of succession
The line of succession for the director of national intelligence is as follows:
 Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence
 Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Intelligence Integration
 Director of the National Counterterrorism Center
 Director of the National Counterintelligence and Security Center
 Inspector General of the Intelligence Community

Subordinates

Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence

a.

Chief Operating Officer

Director of the Intelligence Staff/ Chief Management Officer

Inspector General of the Intelligence Community

a.

Deputy directors of national intelligence

Assistant directors of national intelligence

See also

 Information Sharing Environment
 Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity
 Intellipedia
 Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS)
 National Intelligence Coordination Center
 The National Security Act of 1947
 Open source intelligence
 Title 32 of the CFR
 United States Joint Intelligence Community Council
 US intelligence community A-Space

References

Further reading
  Memoir including his time as DNI.

External links

United States Directors of National Intelligence
National Intelligence
Government agencies established in 2005
Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections

Director of National Intelligence


نائلة بنت الفرافصة بن الأحوص بن عمرو بن ثعلبة بن الحارث الكلبي، هي زوجة الصحابي عثمان بن عفان، ولدت من عائلة مسيحية في الكوفة، واعتنقت الإسلام لاحقًا على يد أم المؤمنين عائشة بنت أبي بكر زوجة رسول الله، في العام 28 للهجرة، تزوجت من عثمان بن عفان.

سيرتها
بعد مقتل عثمان، انتقدت نائلة بشدة الخوارج الذين خرجوا على عثمان، وانتقدت أهل المدينة الذين فشلوا في مقاومتهم، وقد كتبت رسالة شهيرة إلى معاوية بن ابي سفيان، الوالي على الشام وأحد أقارب عثمان، تنتقده فيها بعدم فعله شيء يذكر في إنقاذ عثمان.

عندما اشتدت المحنة على عثمان بن عفان وأُحْكِمَ عليه الحصار، صمدت معه، وتلقت عنه ضربات السيوف قبل أن تصل إليه، وما إن ألقى الرجال بحبالهم على أسوار منزله، ودخلوا عليه حتى أسرعت تنشر شَعْرَها، فقال عثمان: خذى خمارك فإن حُرْمة شَعْركِ، أعظم عندى من دخولهم علي.

وحين هجم عليه أحدهم وهوى عليه بسيفه تلقت السيف بيدها فقطعت أناملها، فصرخت على رباح غلام عثمان، فأسرع نحو الرجل فقتله، وبينما كانت تهرع لإمساك سيف رجل ثانٍ لكن الرجل تمكن من أن يقطع أصابع يدها الأخرى وهو يدخل السيف في بطن عثمان ليقتله، وحين هموا بقطع رأسه ألقت عليه بنفسها إلا أنهم لم يرحموا ضعفها، ولم يعرفوا لعثمان قدره، فحزوا رأسه، ومثَّلوا به، فصاحت والدم يسيل من أطرافها: إن أمير المؤمنين قد قُتل. إن أمير المؤمنين قد قُتِل. ثم دخل رجل عقب مقتل عثمان، فإذا رأسه في حجرها.

فقال لها: اكشفى عن وجهه. قالت: ولِمَ؟ قال الرجل: ألِطم حُرَّ وجهه فقد أقسمت بذلك. فقالت: أما ترضى ما قـال فيـه رسول اللَّه (، قال فيه كذا وكذا. فقال: اكشفى عن وجهه. ثم هجم عليها فلطم وجه عثمان، فدعت عليه قائلة: يبَّس اللَّه يدك، وأعمى بصرك.

وتُركت جثة عثمان في مكانها دون أن يجرؤ أحد على تجهيزه ودفنه، فأرسلت إلى حويطب بن عبد العزى وجبير بن مطعم، وأبى جهم بن حذيفة، وحكيم بن حزام، ليُجَهِّزُوا عثمان، فقالوا: لا نقدر أن نخرج به نهارًا.
وحين حلّ الظلام خرجوا به بين المغرب والعشاء نحو البقيع، وهي تتقدمهم بسراج ينير لهم وحشة الظلام حتى تم دفنه بعد أن صلى عليه جبير بن مطعم وجماعة من المسلمين.

ثم قالت ترثيه: ومالى لا أَبْكى وأُبكـى قرابتى وقد ذهبتْ عنا فضول أبى عَمْرِو

وبعد أن دُفن عثمان خطبت نائلة -رضى الله عنها- في المسلمين، فقالت: معاشر المؤمنين وأهل اللَّه لا تستكثروا مقامي، ولا تستكثروا كلامي، فإنى حزينة أُصِبْتُ بعظيم وتذوقت ثكلا من عثمان بن عفان ثالث الأركان من أصحاب رسول اللَّه (، فقد تراجع الناس في الشورى حين تقدم، فلم يتقدمه متقدم ولم يشك في فضله متأثم. ولم تكتف نائلة بذلك بل أرسلت إلى معاوية بكتاب مرفق معه قميص عثمان ممزقًا مليئًا بالدماء، وعقدت في زر القميص خصلة من شعر لحيته، قطعها أحد قاتليه من ذقنه، وخمسة أصابع من أصابعها المقطوعة.

وأوصت إليه أن يعلق كل أولئك في المسجد الجامع في دمشق، وأن يقرأ على المجتمعين ذلك الكتاب، وكان بعض ما جاء فيه:
إلى معاوية بن أبى سفيان، أما بعد: فإنى أدعوكم إلى اللَّه الذي أنعم عليكم وعلمكم الإسلام، وهداكم من الضلالة، وأنقذكم من الكفر، ونصركم على العدو، وأسبغ عليكم نعمه ظاهرة وباطنة، وأنشدكم اللَّه وأذكركم حقه وحق خليفته أن تنصروه بعزم اللَّه عليكم، فإنه قال:( وَإِن طَائِفَتَانِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اقْتَتَلُوا فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا فَإِن بَغَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا عَلَى الْأُخْرَى فَقَاتِلُوا الَّتِي تَبْغِي حَتَّى تَفِيءَ إِلَى أَمْرِ اللَّهِ فَإِن فَاءتْ فَأَصْلِحُوا بَيْنَهُمَا بِالْعَدْلِ وَأَقْسِطُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُحِبُّ الْمُقْسِطِينَ)[الحجرات: 9].

وقد اجتمع لسماعه خمسون ألف شيخ يبكون تحت قميص عثمان وأصابعها.
وعاشت نائلة حافظة لذكرى عثمان بن عفان وظلتْ وفية له، فلم تتزوج وكانت من أجمل النساء.
وكلما جاءها خاطب رَدَّتْه، ولما تقدم معاوية لخطبتها أَبَتْ، وسألت النساء عما يعجب الخطاب فيها، فقلن: ثناياك (وكانت مليحة وأملح ما فيها ثغرها) فخلعت ثناياها، وأرسلت بهن إلى معاوية، وحين سُئلت عما صنعتْ، قالت: حتى لا يطمع في الرجال بعد عثمان.
تلك هي "نائلة بنت الفرافصة بن الأحوص"رمز الشجاعة والصبر والصمود، ذات الأدب والبلاغة والفصاحة، تزوجها عثمان بن عفان فكانت له زوجة مخلصة وفية ومطيعة، وكان عثمان يستشيرها دائمًا لسداد رأيها، وقد حظيت في بيته بمكانة كبيرة.
وقد زوجّها له أخوها ضب، وحملها إلى عثمان في المدينة، وكان مسلمًا وكان أبوها نصرانيَّا، وقد تزوجها عثمان وهي نصرانية، وقبيلتها - قبيلة كلب - كلها يومئذ نصارى.

وقد أسلمت نائلة على يديه، وأنجبت له من الولد ثلاثًا: أم خالد، وأروي، وأم أبان الصغرى.
وقد روت السيدة نائلة عن عائشة بعضًا من أحاديث رسول الله.

المصادر

أشخاص من الكوفة
أشخاص من خراسان
بنو كلب
تابعيات
عثمان بن عفان
عرب في القرن 7
محدثو التابعين
مسلمون في القرن 7
مسيحيون اعتنقوا الإسلام
مواليد في الكوفة
نساء القرن 7
نساء عربيات
وفيات 656

نائلة بنت الفرافصة


شعار النيجر هو الشعار الرسمي لجمهورية النيجر و يتكون الشعار المعلن عنه في 1 ديسمبر 1962 من درع باللون الذهبي أو الأبيض في المنتصف يحيط به يمينا ويسارا أربعة أعلام للدولة، اثنين من كل جانب. وعلى الدرع رمزا للشمس في المنتصف تقريبا وإلى اليسار منه رمح قائم يتعانق عليها سيفان من سيوف الطوارق التقليدية. وإلى اليمين من رمز الشمس ثلاثة فروع متشابكة من نبات الدخن على نفس هيئة الرمح والسيفين. وأسفل رمز الشمس هناك صورة لرأس البقر البرهامي (أو الدرباني). وأسفل الشعار يوجد شريط أبيض مكتوب عليه اسم الدولة «جمهورية النيجر» .

وبالرغم من أن الدستور قام بتحديد ألوان الرموز المرسومة على الدرع الموجود بالشعار واعتماد اللون الذهبي الغامق لونا رسميا لها إلا أنه لم يقم بتحديد لونا محددا للدرع نفسه (حيث نجده أحيانا باللون الأبيض وأحيانا أخرى باللون الذهبي).

في حين حدد دستور عام 1999 الفارق بين ختم شعار الجمهورية والذي لا يتم فيه تلوين الدرع وشعار الدولة والذي تم اعتماد اللون الأخضر الزيتوني لونا رسميا للدرع. وبالرغم من ذلك لا يتم استخدام اللون الأخضر للدروع على البنايات الحكومية أو الوثائق الرسمية حيث يظل استخدام اللون الأبيض للدروع مع اللون الذهبي للرموز فوقه. ويتم استخدام اللون الأبيض للدرع والذهبي للرموز المرسومة فوقه في السفارات وعلى الوثائق الرسمية في حين يظهر الموقع الرسمي لرئيس الجمهورية الشعار الرسمي للبلاد بدرع ذهبي أو أصفر اللون مع رموز مرسومة بالأسود مقابل درع ذهبي اللون ورموز مرسومة بدرجة أغمق من اللون الذهبي على حوائط البرلمان النيجري (الجمعية الوطنية).

مراجع

سياسة النيجر
نيجر

شعار النيجر


License to Confuse ist das erste Album der Band Sharon Stoned aus Detmold in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Es wurde 1994 veröffentlicht. Die Formation um die beiden Musiker Christopher Uhe und Mark Kowarsch war eine Wiederbelebung der Band Speed Niggs, die sich zwei Jahre zuvor aufgelöst hatte.

Einordnung
Die Veröffentlichung von License to Confuse markiert eine besonders kreative Phase des Musikers Christopher Uhe um 1994. Neben Sharon Stoned spielte er unter anderem in der Band Great Tuna und war Teil des Duos Locust Fudge. Sharon Stoned war eine Wiederbelebung des Trios Speed Niggs, das sich zwei Jahre zuvor aufgelöst hatte. Kritiker haben License To Confuse auch als "das beste Speed Niggs Album, das es je gab", bezeichnet. Der hitorientierte Opener Superkind steht für eingängigen gitarrenorientierten Indierock, der sich stark an amerikanischen Bands wie Dinosaur Jr. oder den Lemonheads orientiert. Andere Songs sind experimentell, bewusst sparsam instrumentiert und in Hotelzimmern oder Küchen aufgenommen.

Markant sind die zahlreichen Gastmusiker: So warteten Kowarsch und Uhe sechs Stunden vor einem Berliner Hotelzimmer, um dort mit Lou Barlow den Song Some aufzunehmen. Auf Special Plan ist Evan Dando von den Lemonheads zu hören, Mitglieder der Band The Notwist auf One dark Love Poem und To a Friend.

Trivia
License to Confuse wurde nach einem Song der Band Sebadoh benannt; das Eröffnungsstück des Albums Bakesale. Sebadoh ist eine Band des Ex-Dinosaur Jr. Bassisten Lou Barlow, der auf License To Confuse als Gastmusiker zu hören ist.

Titelliste

Superkind – 4:12
Hardcore – 4:44
Outdoor Type – 1:59
Some – 2:38
My Style – 5:09
20 Weeks – 3:53
To a Friend – 5:21
Special Plan – 3:52
One dark Love Poem – 3:02
Storm – 3:57
Dress up – 4:39
Falling and Laughing – 4:33
Shrug – 4:02
Johanna – 15:07

Alle Songs wurden von Christopher Uhe geschrieben; Ausnahmen: Outdoor Type von Tom Morgan, One dark Love Poem von Markus Acher, Storm von Mark Kowarsch, Falling and Laughing von Schneider.

Siehe auch
 Homerecording
 Low Fidelity

Weblinks
 Indiepedia-Artikel
 MySpace-Page Sharon Stoned

Einzelnachweise

Album (Indie-Rock)
Album 1994

License to Confuse


Mørkerædsel er en fobi, der indebærer en overdreven frygt for mørke. Som regel retter angsten sig ikke mod selve mørket, men mod mulige eller indbildte farer, der er forbundet med mørket. De mørkerædde undgår at gå ud om natten, undviger skumring og mørke rum, trækker gardinerne for for at undgå at kigge ud i mørket og forsøger altid at have lys til rådighed.

Frygt for mørke kaldes også nyktofobi (af  nýx, "nat"); skotofobi (af σκότος skótos, "mørke"); lygofobi (af λυγή lygē´, "tusmørke"); eller akhlyofobi (af ἀχλύς ákhlýs, "tåge" eller "skumring").

Referencer

Fobier

Mørkerædsel


පජාං සුල්තාන් රාජ්‍යය (1568–1586) යනු වත්මන් ඉන්දුනීසියාව තුළ ජාවා දූපතේ කෙටි කලක් පිහිටා තිබූ මුස්ලිම් රාජ්‍යයකි. ඩෙමාඃ සුල්තාන් රාජ්‍යයේ රජකමට හිමිකම් පෑ හඩිවිජය හෙවත් ජකා තිංකීර් නමින් හඳුන්වනු ලැබූ බොයොලාලි හි අධිපතියා විසින් මෙය ආරම්භ කරනු ලැබුවේය.

ග්‍රන්ථ
 අන්ජාර් අනි. 1980. Raden Ngabehi Ronggowarsito, Apa yang Terjadi? Semarang: Aneka Ilmu
 Andjar Any. 1979. Rahasia Ramalan Jayabaya, Ranggawarsita & Sabdopalon. Semarang: Aneka Ilmu
 Babad Majapahit dan Para Wali Jilid 3. 1989. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Penerbitan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah
 Babad Tanah Jawi, Mulai dari Nabi Adam Sampai Tahun 1647. (terj.). 2007. Yogyakarta: Narasi
 H.J.de Graaf dan T.H. Pigeaud. 2001. Kerajaan-Kerajaan Islam Pertama di Jawa. Terj. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti
 Hayati dkk. 2000. Peranan Ratu Kalinyamat di jepara pada Abad XVI. Jakarta: Proyek Peningkatan Kesadaran Sejarah Nasional Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional
 Moedjianto. 1987. Konsep Kekuasaan Jawa: Penerapannya oleh Raja-raja Mataram. Yogyakarta: Kanisius
 Purwadi. 2007. Sejarah Raja-Raja Jawa. Yogyakarta: Media Ilmu
 රික්ලෙෆ්ස්, එම්. සී., A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1200, Palgrave MacMillan, New York, 2008 (terbitan ke-4), ISBN 978-0-230-54686-8
 ස්ලාමත් මුල්ජානා. 1979. Nagarakretagama dan Tafsir Sejarahnya. Jakarta: Bhratara

ඉන්දුනීසියාවේ යටත් විජිතයට පෙර රාජ්‍යයන්
පෙර සුල්තාන් රාජ්‍යයන්

පජාං සුල්තාන් රාජ්‍යය


ගම්පහ වතුරුගම දික්කන්ද වත්තේ පිහිටි ඔබේසේකර පවුලේ වලව්වකි. විසි වන සියවසේ මුල්භාගයේ ඉදි කරවන්නට යෙදුනා වූ එම නිවස සුවිශාල වත්තක් මධය යේ තවමත් ජීවමානයි

දික්කන්ද වලව්ව


Rise Against je američki punk rock bend iz Chicaga osnovan 1999. Trenutačni članovi sastava su glavni vokal Tim McIlrath, basist Joe Principe, bubnjar Brandon Barnes i gitarist Zach Blair.

Članovi benda
Trenutačni članovi

 Tim McIlrath – glavni vokal, gitara (1999. – danas)
 Joe Principe – bas-gitara, prateći vokali (1999. – danas)
 Brandon Barnes – bubnjevi (2000. – danas)
 Zach Blair – gitara, prateći vokali (2007. – danas)

Bivši članovi

 Dan Wleklinski – gitara, prateći vokali (1999. – 2001.)
 Kevin White – gitara, prateći vokali (1999. – 2001.)
 Todd Mohney – gitara, prateći vokali (2002. – 2004.)
 Chris Chasse – gitara, prateći vokali (2004. – 2007.)
 Tony Tintari – bubnjevi (1999. – 2000.)
 Dan Lumley – bubnjevi (?)

Diskografija

 The Unraveling (2001.)
 Revolutions per Minute (2003.)
 Siren Song of the Counter Culture (2004.)
 The Sufferer & the Witness (2006.)
 Appeal to Reason (2008.)
 Endgame (2011.)
 The Black Market (2014.)
 Wolves (2017.)
 Nowhere Generation (2021.)

Vanjske poveznice

 Službena stranica benda Rise Against

Američki glazbeni sastavi
Punk glazbeni sastavi

Rise Against


بنجامين أوليفيراس (في بيربينيان) هو لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الثانية أرليه أفينيون الفرنسي منذ 2007 في خط الدفاع .

سبق لأوليفيراس اللعب في أندية بوردو (2000-2002) تريليساك (2002-2003) ريمس (2003-2004) نيم (2004-2007) .

ساهم أوليفيراس في تتويج نادي ريمس ببطولة دوري الدرجة الوطنية في موسم 2003/2004 .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
فرنسيون في القرن 21
لاعبو أرليه أفينيون
لاعبو بوردو
لاعبو رانس
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو نيم
مواليد 1981

بنجامين أوليفيراس


Walter Rollin Brooks (January 9, 1886 – August 17, 1958) was an American writer known for his children's books about Freddy the Pig and the other anthropomorphic animal inhabitants of the Bean Farm in upstate New York, and also for his short stories about Mister Ed the talking horse, made into a television show after his death.

Biography

Brooks was born in Rome, New York. He attended college at the University of Rochester and subsequently studied homeopathic medicine in New York City. He dropped out after two years, however, and returned to Rochester where he married Anne Shepard in 1909. He found employment with an advertising agency in Utica, and then "retired" in 1911, evidently because he came into a considerable inheritance. His retirement was not permanent; in 1917, he went to work for the American Red Cross and he later did editorial work for several magazines, including "a nonfiction stint with The New Yorker 1932–1933". In 1940, he turned to writing for his full-time occupation. He married Dorothy Collins following the death of Anne in 1952.

The first works that Brooks published were poems and short stories. Among these were a series of short stories featuring "a talking horse and his drunken owner" which was the basis for the 1960s television comedy series Mister Ed. His most enduring works, however, are the 26 books that he wrote about Freddy the Pig and his friends. Anthony Boucher and J. Francis McComas praised Freddy and the Spaceship because it "offers wit, sound structural plotting, genuine character-humor, and admirable English prose".

Brooks died of a heart attack at his home in Roxbury, New York at age 72. He is buried at Woodlawn Cemetery in Hamilton, New York.

In 2009, Overlook Press published Talking Animals and Others: The Life and Work of Walter R. Brooks, Creator of Freddy the Pig by Michael Cart .

Works

Novels

Mister Ed stories
Nine of these stories were published in a collection, The Original Mr. Ed, in 1963. "Ed Signs the Pledge" was the story Arthur Lubin used to pitch the Mister Ed comedy series to TV executives.

"The Talking Horse", Liberty, September 18, 1937
"Horse Sense", Esquire, October 1938
"Mr. Pope's Thoroughbred", Liberty, June 10, 1939
"Ed Has His Mind Improved", Liberty, October 14, 1939
"Ed Shoots It Out", Liberty, June 1, 1940
"The Midnight Ride of Mr. Pope", Liberty, August 3, 1940
"Just a Song at Twilight", Liberty, September 21, 1940
"Ed Holds a Séance", Liberty, March 1, 1941
"Ed Likes to Be Beside the Seaside", Liberty, July 5, 1941
"Ed Takes the Cockeyed Initiative", Liberty, September 27, 1941
Ed Gets a Mother Complex, Liberty, November 8, 1941
"Mr. Pope Rides Again", The Saturday Evening Post, July 4, 1942
"Bird in the Bush", The Saturday Evening Post, September 5, 1942
"Dr. Atwood and Mr. Ed", The Saturday Evening Post, January 16, 1943
"Do Ye Ken Wilbur Pope?", The Saturday Evening Post, June 5, 1943
"Ed Quenches an Old Flame", Argosy, May 1944
"Ed Signs the Pledge", Argosy, June 1944
"Ed Makes Like a Horse", Argosy, August 1944
"Well, Really, Mr. Pope!", Argosy, October 1944
"Ed the Were Horse" (a.k.a. "Monster in Horse's Clothing"), Argosy, February 1945
"Ed Goes Psychic" (a.k.a. "Such a Spiritous Horse!"), Argosy, April 1945
"Ed Divides and Conquers", Argosy, July 1945
"With Teeth and Tail", Argosy, September 1945
"His Royal Harness", only in The Original Mr. Ed
"Medium Rare", only in The Original Mr. Ed

References

External links

International Friends of Freddy
Harley Hahn's Freddy the Pig information page
Jill Morgan's Freddy the Pig pages

1886 births
1958 deaths
American children's writers
People from Rome, New York

Walter R. Brooks


Die EUROMASTER GmbH ist ein Unternehmen für Reifen- und Autoservice. Sie ist eine Tochtergesellschaft des Reifenherstellers Michelin. In 17 europäischen Ländern betreibt Euromaster 2.300 Filialen und beschäftigt 11.800 Mitarbeiter, davon rund 2000 in Deutschland. In Deutschland betreibt Euromaster 350 eigene Servicecenter und Franchisebetriebe. Der Hauptsitz befindet sich in Mannheim.

Geschichte
Das Unternehmen entstand 1991 durch Umfirmierung der in den 1980er Jahren gegründeten Sarona GmbH. Im Jahr 2003 übernahm Euromaster die Viborg GmbH. Diese wiederum entstand 2001 aus dem 1919 gegründeten Unternehmen Gummi-Mayer und dem 1958 gegründeten Unternehmen Stinnes-Reifendienst.

Im März 2012 verpflichtete das Unternehmen im Rahmen einer Werbekampagne anlässlich des 20-jährigen Bestehens die Neue-Deutsche-Welle-Band Extrabreit für eine Neuaufnahme des bereits einmal von diesen erfolgreich interpretierten Klassikers Für mich soll's rote Rosen regnen von Hildegard Knef.

2013 wurde das Unternehmen zum vierten Mal in Folge von der Fachzeitschrift Autoflotte als bester Reifendienstleister mit dem Flotten-Award geehrt.

2015 ging Geschäftsführer Matthias Schubert für eine RTL-Sendung Undercover Boss inkognito als Mitarbeiter in diverse Filialen.

Ab Juni 2015 sollte Euromaster unter der Leitung des neuen deutschen Geschäftsführers Andreas Berents von einem reinen Autoreifendienstleister zum kompletten Autodienstleister umgewandelt werden. Berents wollte schrittweise alle Service-Center in Autowerkstätten umbauen. Weiterhin wurden intensiv Ganzjahresreifen beworben, um den Druck der massiven Auftragseingänge in der Winterreifen-Saison von den Werkstätten zu nehmen.

2017 wurde der Unternehmenssitz mit 130 Arbeitsplätzen von Kaiserslautern nach Mannheim verlegt.

Im März 2022 kündigte das Unternehmen den Ausbau einer bereits bestehenden Kooperation mit Arval, einem Fahrzeugleasinganbieter mit rund 90.000 Fahrzeugen in Deutschland, an.

Angebot
Kunden sind natürliche als auch nationale und internationale juristische Personen (Unternehmen). Die größte Flotte, die das Unternehmen 2011 gemeinsam mit Michelin unter Vertrag genommen hat, ist die der Deutschen Post mit rund 30.000 Fahrzeugen.

Auszeichnungen
2015 wurde das Unternehmen zum sechsten Mal in Folge von knapp 8.000 Lesern der Fachzeitschriften trans aktuell, lastauto omnibus und Fernfahrer zum beliebtesten Reifendienstleister gekürt.

Film
 Die Reife(n)prüfung. Die Werkstattkette Euromaster im Umbruch. Dokumentarfilm, Deutschland, 2016, 29:42 Min., Buch und Regie: Bernd Schmitt, Produktion: SWR, Reihe: made in Südwest, Erstsendung: 20. Januar 2016 bei SWR.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Dienstleistungsunternehmen (Deutschland)
Einzelhandelsunternehmen (Deutschland)
Unternehmen (Mannheim)
Gegründet 1991
Kraftfahrzeuggewerbe
Werkstatt

Euromaster


جبل أكليم الكبير هو طور من رواسي الأطلس الصغير، في منطقة أكليم بإقليم بركان؛ ويرتفع 2531 متراً، أي 8303 قدماً عن سطح البحر،

اسم أكليم أو أگليم كلمة امازيغية بمعنى الجـِـلد

مراجع

 traveljournals

وصلات خارجية
 جبل أكليم الكبير في صور Mark Horrel وعلىٰ WorldCityDataBase.
صور وفيديو من مدينة أكليم

جبال المغرب
جغرافيا جهة سوس ماسة

جبل أكليم