John Byron Nelson Jr. (February 4, 1912 – September 26, 2006) was an American professional golfer between 1935 and 1946, widely considered one of the greatest golfers of all time.

Nelson and two other legendary champions of the time, Ben Hogan and Sam Snead, were born within seven months of each other in 1912.  Although he won many tournaments in the course of his relatively brief career, he is mostly remembered today for having won 11 consecutive tournaments and 18 total tournaments in 1945. He retired officially at the age of 34 to be a rancher, later becoming a commentator and lending his name to the Byron Nelson Classic, the first PGA Tour event to be named for a professional golfer. As a former Masters champion he continued to play in that annual tournament, placing in the top-10 six times between 1947 and 1955 and as high as 15th in 1965.

In 1974, Nelson received the Bob Jones Award, the highest honor given by the United States Golf Association in recognition of distinguished sportsmanship in golf, and was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame. He became the second recipient of the PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award in 1997. He received the 1994 Old Tom Morris Award from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, that organization's highest honor. Nelson was posthumously awarded the Congressional Gold Medal in 2006.

Early life
Born near Waxahachie, Texas, Byron Nelson was the son of Madge Allen Nelson (1893-1992) and John Byron Nelson Sr. (1889-1965). His parents set a precedent for him not only in their long lives — Madge Nelson lived to age 98, and her husband to age 77 — but also in their religious commitment. Madge, who had grown up Baptist, was baptized in the Church of Christ at age 18, and John Byron Sr., raised Presbyterian, was baptized in the Church of Christ soon after meeting Madge. The senior Byron Nelson went on to serve as an elder in the Roanoke Church of Christ, and the younger Byron Nelson was a committed member of that congregation, even performing janitorial services there from time to time long after he became famous. He placed his membership at the Hilltop Church of Christ in Roanoke from 1989 until 2000, when he moved his membership to the Richland Hills Church of Christ in North Richland Hills, Texas.

When Nelson was 11 years old, the family moved to Fort Worth, where he barely survived typhoid fever after losing nearly half his body weight to the disease, which also left him unable to sire children. Soon after his baptism at age 12, he started caddying at Glen Garden Country Club. On his caddying days, Nelson said, "I knew nothing about caddying at first, but it wasn't difficult to learn. The other caddies, though, didn't like to see any new ones, because that might mean they wouldn't get a job sometime." An article on Nelson in Sports Illustrated noted that initially caddies were not permitted to play at the club: "[H]e would often practice in the dark, putting his white handkerchief over the hole so he could find it in the darkness." The club later changed its policy and sponsored a caddie tournament, where a 14-year-old Nelson beat fellow caddie and future golf great Ben Hogan by a single stroke after a nine-hole playoff. Nelson and Hogan were rivals but close friends in their teen years, and for the first part of their professional careers as well, but Nelson's early success was difficult for the struggling Hogan to deal with, and they gradually grew apart, while retaining mutual respect.

In 1934, Nelson was working as a golf pro in Texarkana, Arkansas, when he met future wife Louise Shofner, to whom he was married for 50 years, before she died in 1985 after two severe strokes.

Professional career

Championship heyday
After turning professional in 1932, Nelson served as a club professional in Texas, and played as many significant tournaments as he could afford, to develop his game. Money was tight, as Texas was hit very hard by the Great Depression. A pair of top-three finishes in important Texas events encouraged him. He then took a club professional's job at the Ridgewood Country Club in New Jersey in 1935. He worked hard on his game, having earlier realized that with the technological change from hickory to steel shafts, which was gathering momentum in the early 1930s, that the golf swing would have to adapt as well. Nelson was among the first of a new generation of players who developed a full swing with increased leg drive leading the downswing; this is the forerunner of modern golf technique as practiced by top players, right to the present day. Nelson is sometimes credited as being the father of the modern golf swing. He refined the changes for a couple of years, and then took his game to the highest level of competition, the PGA Tour. Nelson's first significant victory was in 1935 at the New Jersey State Open. He followed this up with a win at the Metropolitan Open the following year. He reportedly won this tournament with "$5 in my pocket".

In 1937, Nelson was hired as the head professional at the Reading Country Club in Reading, Pennsylvania, and worked there until 1940, when he took a new job as head pro at the Inverness Club in Toledo, Ohio. While at Inverness, Nelson coached and mentored the promising young player Frank Stranahan, who would go on to stardom over the next two decades.

Wins major championships
Nelson won his first major title at The Masters in 1937, two shots ahead of runner-up Ralph Guldahl. During this tournament he shot a first-round 66, which was the lowest first-round score at the Masters until 1976, when Raymond Floyd shot a 65 en route to his victory. Nelson won four more majors, the U.S. Open in 1939, the PGA Championship in 1940 and 1945, and a second Masters in 1942.

World War II years
Nelson had a blood disorder that caused his blood to clot four times slower than normal, which kept him out of military service during World War II. It has sometimes mistakenly been reported that he had hemophilia. During the war, Nelson gave hundreds of golf exhibitions across the country to raise money for charitable causes, often partnering with Harold "Jug" McSpaden, who was also exempt from military service.

Career highlights

In his career, Nelson won 52 professional events, and, along with McSpaden, was one of golf's "Gold Dust Twins".

Nelson won the Vardon Trophy in 1939. He played on two Ryder Cup teams, in 1937 and 1947, and was non-playing captain in 1965. After 1946, Nelson curtailed his schedule, although he continued to make regular appearances at The Masters as a competitor, played occasional Tour events, appeared in a few overseas tournaments, and later served as a ceremonial starter for many years.

Record-breaking year
In 1945, Nelson enjoyed a record-breaking year, winning 18 PGA tournaments out of the 30 he played, including 11 in a row that he played in. Both records are yet to be beaten. Nelson's run of 11 wins started in March with the Miami International Four-Ball, where he partnered Jug McSpaden. He then won 10 individual events ending with the Canadian Open in August, a run that finished when he finished tied for fourth place in the Memphis Invitational. During this run he won the 1945 PGA Championship, the only major championship played that year. The week after the PGA Championship he missed the St. Paul Open with a back injury. There has been debate as to how impressive these results are, as it was believed to be a weakened tour due to the war. But in reality many of the leading golfers of that time, including Sam Snead and Ben Hogan still played a full or at least part schedule that year. Snead won 6 times in 1945 while Hogan won 5 times in the latter part of the year. During this year Nelson finished second another 7 times, set a record for the scoring average (68.33 for 18 holes) that was broken by Tiger Woods in 2000, a record 18 hole score (62), and a record 72-hole score (259, which beat the previous record set by  Ben Hogan earlier that year). This year is now known as the greatest single year by a player on the PGA Tour, as Arnold Palmer said: "I don't think that anyone will ever exceed the things that Byron did by winning 11 tournaments in a row in one year." Even more recently, Tiger Woods referred to the year as "one of the great years in the history of the sport".

Cut streak
Nelson's record of 113 consecutive cuts made is second only to Tiger Woods' 142. The PGA Tour defines a "cut" as receiving a paycheck, even if an event has no cut per se. In Nelson's era, only the top 20 in a tournament received a check. In reality, Nelson's "113 consecutive cuts made" are representative of his unequaled 113 consecutive top 20 tournament finishes. Almost half of those top 20s were during the weakened tour war years of 1944 & 1945. In fact, 26 of Nelson's 52 tour wins were during those two weakened tour years of 1944 & 1945. Before 1944 he had never won more than 4 events in any year.

First to win 50 PGA Tour events
With his win at the 1946 Columbus Invitational, Nelson became the first player to reach 50 career PGA Tour wins. This feat has since been matched by Ben Hogan, Sam Snead, Arnold Palmer, Jack Nicklaus, Billy Casper, and Tiger Woods.

Notable performances
Nelson achieved several notable performances of scoring and accuracy at key moments in major championships:
 1937 Masters: Nelson scored a birdie and an eagle on holes 12 and 13 in the final round, making up six strokes on his main rival Ralph Guldahl, who played those same holes with a double bogey and a bogey; Nelson went on to win.
 1939 U.S. Open: Nelson hit the flagstick six times on approach shots during the regulation 72 holes and the 36 playoff holes, he won the championship.
 1945 PGA Championship: In the semi-final 36-hole match against Jim Turnesa, Nelson was down four holes with five holes remaining. He played those finishing holes with an eagle and four birdies to win the match; Turnesa scored a birdie and four pars over those holes; Nelson won the title the next day.

Retirement
Nelson retired officially at the relatively early age of 34 to become a rancher, buying a ranch at Roanoke, Texas.

Nelson later became a television golf commentator, during the 1960s and 1970s.

Byron Nelson Classic
From 1968, Nelson lent both his name and support to the Byron Nelson Golf Classic in Dallas; this was the first regularly-held PGA Tour event to be named for a professional golfer; the tournament had been previously staged as the Dallas Open.

Late-career competition, wins
As a former Masters champion, he continued to play in that annual tournament, placing in the top-10 six times between 1947 and 1955, and as high as 15th in 1965, at age 53. From 1947 to 1955 Nelson played in 12 majors and won none.

Nelson did win the 1951 Bing Crosby Pro-Am, a PGA Tour event which he had not won before. He also won the 1955 French Open. Nelson gave paid golf exhibitions for many years after he retired from the Tour, notably after his 1951 Crosby victory.

Writes memoirs
Nelson published his memoirs "How I Played The Game" in 1993 (by Taylor Publishing, Dallas).

Over nearly 70 years in the sport, Nelson played with many celebrities and well-known personalities, including: Roone Arledge, Bing Crosby, James Garner, Bob Hope, Bobby Knight, Randolph Scott, Ed Sullivan, Johnny Weissmuller, Lawrence Welk, and Babe Zaharias.

Coach and mentor
Among the rising golf talents Nelson coached and mentored, from the 1950s to the 1970s, are World Golf Hall of Fame members Ken Venturi and Tom Watson, along with Marty Fleckman (who won the 1965 NCAA title and one PGA Tour event), and the dominant amateur Harvie Ward.

Death and legacy
Nelson died Tuesday, September 26, 2006. According to a family friend, Nelson died at his Roanoke, Texas home around noon. He was survived by Peggy, his wife of nearly 20 years, sister Margaret Ellen Sherman (1920-2007), and brother Charles (1926-2018), a professor emeritus at Abilene Christian University, where Byron Nelson had been a trustee and benefactor. Nelson met his second wife, the former Peggy Simmons, when she volunteered at the Bogie Busters celebrity golf tournament in Dayton, Ohio in 1985.

Nelson was often referred to as "Lord Byron", after the English poet by that name, in recognition of his reputation for gentlemanly conduct, a nickname given him by Atlanta sports journalist O. B. Keeler. Many of his obituaries referenced this reputation.

Nelson had several successful years as a television golf commentator. Among the memorable events he broadcast was the 1966 U.S. Open for ABC Sports. Nelson's comments as Arnold Palmer let slip a big lead to Billy Casper on the final nine holes: "A few holes ago, everybody thought this championship was over. Golf is the strangest game in the world." It was at the 1974 U.S. Open that Nelson met Watson for the first time, and the two connected, after Watson let a big lead get away in the final round.

Nelson was ranked as the fifth greatest golfer of all time by Golf Digest magazine in 2000. On this list, Jack Nicklaus was first, Nelson's longtime rivals Ben Hogan and Sam Snead were second and third respectively, and Bobby Jones was fourth. A 2009 Sports Illustrated panel ranked him seventh on its list of all-time greatest golfers, behind Nicklaus, Tiger Woods, Jones, Hogan, Snead, and Arnold Palmer.

The "Iron Byron" electro-mechanical machine or robot, developed by Battelle Memorial Institute and True Temper Sports and used by the United States Golf Association and golf manufacturers to compare and test clubs and balls for conformity to standards, was named for Nelson, honoring the consistency of his swing.

In Jack Nicklaus's 1978 book On and Off the Fairway, Nicklaus wrote that Nelson was the straightest golfer he ever saw. The two never played competitively (except at the Masters; Nicklaus won in 1965, Nelson finished tied for 15th), but a 14-year-old Nicklaus was in the crowd at the 1954 U.S. Junior Amateur, when Nelson gave an exhibition hitting golf shots.

Posthumous honors
State Highway 114 Business through Roanoke, Texas is named Byron Nelson Boulevard, in honor of Nelson's residence; the street he lived on was recently changed to Eleven Straight Lane in honor of his 1945 record. In Irving, Texas a street immediately adjacent to the Four Seasons Resort and Club, where the HP Byron Nelson Championship is played each year, is named Byron Nelson Lane.  A street in Southlake, Texas, Byron Nelson Parkway, was named in his honor, as was a street in a residential neighborhood in McAllen, Texas.

On September 29, 2006, the United States Senate approved Senate Resolution 602 awarding Byron Nelson the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest award bestowed by the Legislative Branch of the United States government. The resolution cites Mr. Nelson's "significant contributions to the game of golf as a player, a teacher, and a commentator". Representative Michael C. Burgess (R-TX) sponsored the resolution, originally proposed March 8, 2006, well before Nelson's death. On June 27, 2007, Peggy Nelson, Byron Nelson's surviving wife, was presented with the medal.

On April 23, 2007, the Northwest Independent School District named their second high school Byron Nelson High School. This is the first high school named in honor of Byron Nelson, and opened in the fall of 2009. The school is located in Trophy Club, Texas, near Nelson's hometown of Roanoke.

Artist Chelle Adams painted two portraits of Byron Nelson in dedication which hang in the school's auditorium. Orange County Choppers built three choppers in dedication which were auctioned off.

Professional wins (64)

PGA Tour wins (52)

PGA Tour playoff record (6–4)

Source:

Other wins (12)
(This list may be incomplete)
1937 Central Pennsylvania Open
1939 Massachusetts Open
1940 Ohio Open
1941 Ohio Open, Seminole Pro-Am
1942 Toledo Open, Ohio Open
1943 Kentucky Open
1944 New York Open, Beverly Hills Open
1948 Texas PGA Championship
1955 French Open

Major championships

Wins (5)

Note: The PGA Championship was match play until 1958
1 Defeated Craig Wood and Denny Shute in a 36-hole playoff - Nelson (68-70=138), Wood (68-73=141), Shute (76) (eliminated after first 18)
2 Defeated Ben Hogan in an 18-hole playoff - Nelson 69 (−3), Hogan 70 (−2)

Results timeline

NT = no tournament
WD = withdrew
CUT = missed the half-way cut
R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play
"T" indicates a tie for a place

Summary

Most consecutive cuts made – 26 (1937 Masters – 1949 Masters)
Longest streak of top-10s – 12 (1937 Open Championship – 1941 Masters)

Awards
Vardon Trophy: 1939
PGA Tour leading money winner: 1944, 1945
Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year: 1944, 1945
Bob Jones Award: 1974
World Golf Hall of Fame: 1974
Old Tom Morris Award: 1994
PGA Tour Lifetime Achievement Award: 1997
Payne Stewart Award: 2000
Congressional Gold Medal: 2006

See also

Byron Nelson Award
List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins
List of longest PGA Tour win streaks
List of men's major championships winning golfers
Most PGA Tour wins in a year

References

External links

Memorial Page for Byron Nelson, Hilltop Church of Christ, Roanoke, Texas (includes biographical sketch, quotations, photographs, and links to obituaries)
Byron Nelson's Congressional Medal
Tribute to Byron Nelson
HP Byron Nelson Championship Web site - golf tournament named after Byron Nelson
HP Byron Nelson Championship Media Guide - contains biographical information

American male golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Ryder Cup competitors for the United States
Winners of men's major golf championships
World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Golf writers and broadcasters
Golfers from Texas
20th-century American memoirists
Abilene Christian University people
American members of the Churches of Christ
People from Waxahachie, Texas
Sportspeople from Ellis County, Texas
People from Roanoke, Texas
Sportspeople from Denton County, Texas
1912 births
2006 deaths

Byron Nelson


ඔපෙරා මිනි යනු වෙබ් බ්‍රවුසරයකි. එය මූලික වශයෙන් ජංගම දුරකථන, ස්මාර්ට් ජංගම දුරකථන සහ පී.ඩී.ඒ (Personal digital assistant/ PDA) සඳහා  නිර්මාණය කර ඇත. ජාවා එමඊ (en: Java ME) ඇප්ලිකේෂන් ධාවනය කල හැකි පැල්ටපෝමයක් සහිත ජංගම උපාංග එයට 4 අනුවාදය තෙක් අවශ්‍ය විය. 5 වන අනුවාදයේ සිට එය ඇන්ඩ්‍රොයිඩ් (මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය), bada, iOS, සිම්බියන් මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධයතිය හා වින්ඩෝස් මොබයිල් සඳහාද හඳුන්වාදෙන ලදී.
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2012 මාර්තුවන විට ක්‍රියාකාරී භාවිතාකරුවන් මිලියන 168ක් හා පිටු නරඹන්නන් බිලියන 117ක් එම මාසය ඇතුළත සිටිනා බව ඔපෙරා විසින් වාර්ථා කරන ලදී. මෙය 2011 මාර්තුවල පටන් 60.4%ක සීග්‍ර වර්ධනයක් පෙන්නුම් කෙරෙ.

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බාහිර සබැඳි

වෙබ් බ්‍රව්සර
අන්තර්ජාලය

ඔපෙරා මිනි


Nevzat Süer (d. 1925 - ö. 23 Mart 1987), müzisyen ve  satranç oyuncusu.

Türkiye'nin ilk profesyonel satranç oyuncusu ve ilk uluslararası satranç ustasıdır. 1960'lı yıllarda Türkiye'de tanınmış bir profesyonel müzisyen idi ancak daha çok ülkede modern satrancın gelişmesine katkıları ile tanınmıştır. Süer; 1968, 1969 ve 1973 yıllarında Türkiye Satranç Şampiyonu oldu, defalarca Milli Takımda yer alarak Türkiye'yi temsil etti. 1975 yılında uluslararası usta ünvanını kazandı. Federasyon Başkanı, İstanbul Satranç Derneği Başkanı, milli sporcu, yazar, arşivci, eğitmen olarak, Türk satrancına hizmet verdi.

Yaşamı

1926'da İstanbul'da doğdu. Küçük yaşta keman çalmayı öğrendi. Lise öğrenimini Haydarpaşa Lisesi'nde tamamladı. İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi'nde öğrenim gördü ama bitirmedi. 1937-1945 arasında keman çaldıktan sonra piyanoya geçti. Profesyonel sanat hayatına 1946'da İstanbul Radyosu'nda başladı.

1943'te, lise öğrencisiyken Kadiköy Halkevinde tesadüfen satrançla tanıştı. 1946 yılında İstanbul satranç turnuvasında 5. oldu. Sonraki yıllarda aynı turnuvada şampiyonluklar kazandı (1947, 1948, 1963, 1972 ve 1979 turnuvaları).

Müzik alanına, Türkiye'ye mambo modasını  getiren önemli birkaç isimden birisi olarak katkı verdi. 1960'lı yıllarda gerek solo olarak, gerekse kendi adını verdiği orkestrayla dönemin gözde lokallerinde program yaptı. Aynı dönemde İtalyan yolcu gemisiyle, piyanist olarak yurtdışına gitti ve gemide çok beğenilen repertuvarı seslendirdi. Yaşı ilerleyince aktif müziği bıraktı fakat satranca devam etti.

Satranç alanında Türkiye'nin ilk IM "Uluslararası Usta"sı olarak ünvanını 1975 yılında İtalya'da yapılan zonal turnuvada İlhan Onat ile birlikte kazandı.  Toplam sekiz satranç olimpiyatında (1962 Varna, 1964 Tel Aviv, 1966 Havana, 1968 Lugano,  1972 Üsküp, 1974 Nice, 1980 Malta, 1982 Luzern) Türkiye'yi temsil etti. Ayrıca 1971 Tahran RCD kupası ve Balkan satranç yarışmalarında da Türkiye'yi temsil etti.

1973'ten başlayarak 17 yıl boyunca Cumhuriyet gazetesindeki köşesinde satranca ilişkin yazdıklarıyla, Türkiye'de satrançla ilgili kitap ya da başka bir Türkçe kaynak bulmanın güç olduğu bir dönemde çok önemli bir boşluğu doldurdu.  Mektupla yazışmalı turnuvalar düzenleyip, bunların sonuçlarını ve partilerini gazetede yayınlamak gibi uygulamalara öncülük etti. Cumhuriyet gazetesi-Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı iş birliği ile okullar arası satranç yarışmaları düzenlenmesine önayak olmakla, bugünkü yaş grupları turnuvalarının temellerini attı.  Gençlerle kurduğu yakın diyaloglar ve İstanbul dışındaki satrançseverlerle yazışmaları nedeniyle  Türk satrancında bir "başöğretmen" olarak nitelenmiştir.

Kendi imkanlarıyla yayımladığı Süer Satranç Dergisi, Türk satranç literatürüne yazınsal anlamda en önemli katkılarından biri kabul edilir. Dergiyi 1967'de teksir makinası ile çıkarmaya başladı.  1970 yılının Temmuz ayından itibaren dergi, matbaada aylık olarak basılmaya başlandı ve 1983 yılına kadar "özbeöz Türk satrançseverlerin malıdır" mottosuyla yayınlanmayı sürdürdü. Türkiye'de gerçekleşen hemen hemen tüm satranç faaliyetleri bu dergide duyurulurdu. Süer Satranç Dergisi arşivi, günümüzde bu dönem hakkında Türk satranç tarihine ilişkin en temel kaynak olarak kabul görür.

27 Mart 1987'de yaşamını yitirdi.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yeğeni Yüksel Süer IM Nevzat Süer'i Anlatıyor

1926 doğumlular
1987 yılında ölenler
Türk satranç oyuncuları
Haydarpaşa Lisesinde öğrenim görenler

Nevzat Süer


Lygaios () ist ein Akarnanier der griechischen Mythologie.

Er ist der Vater der Polykaste, die mit Ikarios Mutter der Penelope sowie der Söhne Alyzeus und Leukadios wird.

Literatur

Anmerkungen

Person der griechischen Mythologie

Lygaios


Gaston I. (fr. Gaston Ier de Béarn) (umro oko 980.) bio je rani vikont Béarna, francuski plemić u srednjem vijeku. Moguće je da je bio i vikont Olorona.

Obitelj
Vikont Gaston I. je bio sin plemića Centulea i njegove žene. Nije nam poznato kada je rođen.

Centule, njegov otac, poznat je kao Centule II. de Béarn, ali nije potpuno jasno je li imao titulu vikonta.

Gastonov je djed po ocu bio vikont Loup Centule.

Vikont Gaston je oženio nepoznatu ženu, koja mu je rodila sina, Centulea III., oca Gastona II.

Izvori i bilješke

Francusko plemstvo

Gaston I.


Ego Kill Talent er et Brasiliansk band dannet i 2014 af Jean Dolabella og Theo van der Loo. Bandet blev grundlagt i 2014 af Jean Dolabella (ex-Sepultura) og Theo van der Loo. Bandets navn er en forkortet version af ordet "Too much ego will kill your talent" (for meget egoisme vil dræbe dit talent). Ofte er navnet skrevet som Ego Kill Talent. Bandet er kendt for at udveksle instrumenter. I begyndelsen af 2017 udgav bandet deres første album.

Under den europæiske tur i 2018 var bandet til støtte for Shinedown under en koncert i Pumpehuset.

Bandmedlemmer
 Jonathan Correa - Vokaler (2014-nutid)
 Theo van der Loo - Guitar / Bas (2014-nutid)
 Niper Boaventura - Guitar / Bas (2016-nutid)
 Raphael Miranda - Trommer / Bas (2014-nutid)
 Jean Dolabella - Trommer / Guitar (2014-nutid)

Ex-band medlemmer
 Estevam Romera - Guitar / Bas (2014-2020)

Discografi

Albummer
 Ego Kill Talent(2017)

Livealbummer
 Live in Europe 2017 (2018)

EP'er
 Sublimated (2015)
 Still Here (2016)
 My Own Deceiver (2017)

Singler
 Collision Course (2017) med Far from Alaska
 We All (Acoustic Version) (2017)
 Diamonds and Landmines (2018)

Livesingler
 Sublimated - Live At Arènes De Nîmes (2017)
 Still Here - Live At Arènes De Nîmes (2017)
 Last Ride - Live At Arènes De Nîmes (2017)
 We All/The Searcher - Live At Melkweg (2018)
 Just To Call You Mine - Live At Melkweg (2018)
 My Own Deceiver - Live At Arènes De Nîmes (2018)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officiel hjemmeside

Musikgrupper fra Brasilien
Musikgrupper fra 2014

Ego Kill Talent


Großneundorf ist ein Ortsteil der Stadt Gräfenthal im Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt in Thüringen.

Lage
Großneundorf befindet sich nördlich von Gräfenthal und oberhalb des auf einem Bergsporn liegenden Schlosses Wespenstein bei Gräfenthal zwischen Wiesen und Wäldern des Thüringer Schiefergebirges. Nordwestlich vom Ortsteil liegt der 675 Meter über NN hohe und bewaldete Gösselsberg auf der Gemarkung der Nachbargemeinde. Die Landesstraße 2687 verbindet den Ortsteil mit Gräfenthal und anderen Orten. Die kupierte Hochfläche des Mittelgebirges ist um die Flur bewaldet.

Für die im Ort wohnenden Personen waren und sind Wald- und begrenzt Landwirtschaft sowie Tourismus die Haupterwerbsquellen.
Geprägt wird das Dorf von der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche, einer Barockkirche mit einer Fincke-Orgel.

Geschichte
Am 23. April 1394 wurde der Ortsteil erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Am 9. Oktober 1806, einen Tag vor dem Gefecht bei Saalfeld, kämpften am steilen Gösselsberg preußische Husaren in einem Rückzugsgefecht gegen eine Vorhut französischer Truppen.

Am 9. April 1994 (juristisches Wirkungsdatum) wurde der Ort nach Gräfenthal eingemeindet.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Gräfenthal
Ort im Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Saalfeld-Rudolstadt)
Ersterwähnung 1394
Gemeindeauflösung 1994

Großneundorf


Gutsbesitzer aus alter Zeit (, Staroswetskije pomeschtschiki) ist eine Erzählung des russischen Schriftstellers Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Gogol. Sie erschien im Jahr 1835 als Teil des Sammelbandes Mirgorod.

Inhalt
Afanasij Iwanowitsch Towstogub und Pulcherija Iwanowna sind ein altes Ehepaar aus dem "vergangenen Jahrhundert", sie sind einander sehr zugetan und kümmern sich umeinander. Sie sind kinderlos, leben alleine in einem weit entfernten Dorf, die in Kleinrussland "Dörfer aus alter Zeit" bezeichnet werden. Sie sind gastfreundlich; abgesehen von den gelegentlichen Besuchern, die in das Haus kommen, verläuft ihr Leben friedlich und ungestört. Sie sorgen für ihr Gesinde, füllen alle Vorräte des Hauses immer wieder auf, merken aber nicht, dass sie von ihrem Gutsverwalter und den Lakaien bestohlen werden.
Da sie keine Kinder haben, dreht sich ihre ganze Zuneigung und Zärtlichkeit um den anderen. Sie lesen einander jeden Wunsch von den Augen ab. Die Alten lieben das gute Essen, das sie gerne mit ihren Gästen teilen. Tag um Tag vergeht in einer ungewöhnlich stillen und ruhigen Harmonie zweier liebender Herzen.

Eines Tages aber verschwindet die Lieblingskatze der Frau im Wald. Nach drei Tagen unermüdlichen Suchens findet Pulcherija Iwanowna die Katze im Gemüsegarten wieder. Sie füttert die verwilderte und abgemagerte Katze, die sich nicht mehr streicheln lässt, aus dem Fenster springt und für immer verschwindet. Seit diesem Tage wird die Alte nachdenklich und hat Todesgedanken. Das Einzige, worum sie sich sorgt, ist ihr Mann, um den sich nach ihrem Tod niemand mehr kümmern würde. Sie bittet ihre Haushälterin, für ihren Mann zu sorgen, und droht ihr mit der Strafe Gottes, wenn sie nicht auf ihre Herrin höre. Ihr Mann versucht vergeblich, sie von diesen schwarzen Gedanken abzulenken.
Als Pulcherija Iwanowna stirbt, steht es schlecht um ihren Mann. Nach der Beerdigung kehrt er in das leere Haus zurück und bricht in Tränen aus.

Fünf Jahre sind vergangen, das Haus verfällt, die Diener ergeben sich der Trunksucht, Afanasij Iwanowitsch wird immer schwächer, er verwahrlost. Seine Trauer hat im Lauf der Zeit nicht abgenommen, alles in seiner Umgebung erinnert ihn an die Verstorbene.
Als er eines Tages durch den Garten geht, hört er sich plötzlich beim Namen gerufen, und er glaubt, dass seine verstorbene Frau ihn zu sich ruft. Seinen letzten Willen äußert er kurz vor seinem Ende, er wolle neben seiner Frau bestattet werden. Sein Haus verfällt, der Hausrat wird unter den Leuten des Dorfs aufgeteilt. Sein Besitz fällt an einen  entfernten Verwandten, der ihn sich selbst überlässt.

Rezeption
Ein Theaterstück nach der Erzählung Gogols wurde für die Neue Bühne des Moskauer Künstlertheaters  A. P. Tschechow erarbeitet und von dem  litauischen  Regisseur Pjotr Fomenko Mindaugas Karbauskis inszeniert.

Textausgabe
Ein Gutsbesitzer aus alter Zeit In: Nikolaj Gogol: Erzählungen. Übers. und hrsg. von Eberhard Reissner. Reclam, Stuttgart. ISBN 978-3-15-020248-7

Weblinks
Russischer Text
Olga Galachowa: Gogols Motive (PDF; 23 kB)
Traurigkeit alter Zeit. Gogols Novelle, erzählt von einem litauischen Regisseur. Von Nina Agischewa (PDF; 18 kB)

Werk von Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Gogol
Literarisches Werk
Literatur (19. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Russisch)
Erzählung
Powest

Gutsbesitzer aus alter Zeit


La temporada 1969 de la Japan Soccer League fue el quinto campeonato de Primera División del fútbol japonés organizado por la Japan Soccer League. El torneo se desarrolló en una rueda de todos contra todos desde el 6 de abril de 1969 y el 30 de noviembre de 1969.

El Mitsubishi Motors gana el título por primera vez en su historia.

Clasificación

Promoción

No hubo descensos.

Enlaces externos
 Estadísticas de liga

Japón en 1969
Fútbol en 1969
Temporadas de la Japan Soccer League

Japan Soccer League 1969


Kazanjski željeznički kolodvor (rus. Казань-Пассажирская) križište je putničkog i robnog željezničkog prometa u Kazanju, glavnom gradu Tatarstana i ujedno najveća željeznička postaja u gradu.

Povijest
Kolodvor je izgrađen i otvoren 1893. u sklopu izgradnje Moskovsko-kazanjske željeznice. Središnja zgrada kolodvora, s prostorijama za prijam putnika i robe, izgrađena je 1896. i dugo je vremena bila jedina zgrada kolodvora. Tijekom sovjetskog razdoblja radom kolodvora upravljao je kazanjski odjel Gorkijeve željeznice. Izgradnja pomoćnog terminala 1967. dovela je do povećanja robnog i putničkog prometa i otvaranja novih prigradskih linija. Elektrifikacija je provedena između 1969. i 1971.

Godine 1992. središnja zgrada biva teško oštećena u požaru. Nakon pet godina temeljite obnove, svečano je otvorena i puštena u rad 1997. godine. Krajem 20. i početkom 21. stoljeća izgrađene su pomoćne zgrade i uredi. Za potrebe Ljetne univerzijade 2013., kolodvor je brzom linijom povezan s Kazanjskom zračnom lukom, a obnovom tračnica na tom dijelu pruge omogućeno je postizanje brzina vlakova do 120 km/h.

Linije
Kolodvor je kao željeznička postaja dio sljedećih linija:

 Moskva — Kazanj
 Jekaterinburg — Moskva
 Nižnji Novgorod — Moskva
 Sankt Petersburg — Kazanj
 Novosibirsk — Adler
 Adler — Kazanj

Izvori

Željeznička infrastruktura u Rusiji
Željeznički kolodvori
Građevine u Kazanju

Kazanjski željeznički kolodvor


İsot veya Urfa biberi, Şanlıurfa'ya özgü yetiştirilen bir biber türü ve bu yörede üretilen kurutulmuş biber.

Etimoloji
Nişanyan Sözlük'e göre isot kelimesinin kökeni Türkçe kökenli issi (sıcak) ve ot sözcüklerinin birleşimine dayanır ve aslen biber kelimesinde de olduğu gibi karabiber manasında kullanılmıştır. "İssi ot" kalıbının kullanımı ilk kez 1477'ye tarihlenen Lugat-i Halimi'de tespit edilmiştir. Meninski'nin 1680'e tarihlenen Meninski Sözlüğü'ünde  إسّی اوت  (issi ot) zencefilin halk dilindeki ismi olarak da bahsi geçmiştir. Meyve olan bibere atıfta bulunan ilk kullanım 19. yüzyılın sonunda kaydedilmiştir. İsot olarak kullanımı 1932'de tespit edilmiştir.

İsot kelimesi Aşağı Mezopotamya halkı olan Kaldelilerin dilindeki isauta (=biber) sözünden Kürtçeye geçmiştir. Bulgarcadaki isiot Türkçeden alıntıdır.

Aynı zamanda Kürtçe'de bibere verilen genel isimdir. Yaygın kanının aksine kelimenin Kürtçeden Türkçeye geçmiş bir alıntı olduğu doğru değildir. Genel olarak "kırmızı, acı biber" anlamında da kullanılır.

Hazırlanışı
Yaz aylarında Urfa biberi güneş gören düz alanlarda içindeki tohumu çıkarılarak temiz bir zemin üstünde kurumaya bırakılır. Kuruyan biberler kırmızı renkte olduğundan kararması için kararana kadar her gün sıcak su ile nemlendirilerek şeffaf büyük torbalarda kararması beklenir. Daha sonra kurumuş biberler dövülerek, zeytin yağı ve bir miktar tuz ilave edilerek isot haline getirilir. Günümüz teknolojisi isot üretimini de bir nebze olsun kolaylaştırmıştır. Eski yöntemde isot tokmakla dövülerek öğütülürken; şu an isot çekme makineleri aracılığıyla daha kolay ve daha verimli bir isot elde edilmektedir. Şanlıurfa isotunun en büyük özelliği yakıcı acı olmamasıdır.

İsot yerken önce ağza tatlı bir tat gelir, bir müddet sonra acı gelip geçicidir. Şanlıurfa'nın tamamında balkon veya damlarda herkes kışlık üretimini yapar.

İsot, Kırmızı Acı Pul Biber'in ısı altında tutularak karartılmasıdır. Fiyat olarak pul biberden pahalı olması sebebi hazırlama prosedürüne göre 10 kg Urfa Biberi'nden 1 kg isot çıkması  ve zeytinyağı kullanılmasıdır. İsot'a, bir nevi fermente edilmiş pul biber de diyebiliriz. Şöyle yapılır: Kurutulmuş kırmızı acı biberin çekirdek ve kanat denilen bileşenleri nem ve güneş ısısı altında bir süre tutularak kurutulur ve karartılır. En ideal ve sağlıklı rengi mor renktir. Siyah, Mor ve Kırmızı renklerde çeşitleri bulunmaktadır. Rengi, güneş altında geçirdiği süre uzadıkça derinleşir.

Kullanım alanları
Genelde Pul biber yerine kullanılır, çiğ köfte, kebap, çorba, baharatlı sulu et yemekleri, kuru fasulye Lahmacun, çorba ve bazı sulu yemeklere de acı ve renk verici olarak eklenmektedir.

Kaynakça

Baharat bitkileri
Güneydoğu mutfağı
Şanlıurfa ilinde kültür

İsot


La Jurinée humble, Jurinée naine ou Serratule naine (Jurinea humilis), est une espèce de plantes à fleurs de la famille des Asteracées.

Ce sont des plantes vivaces.

Statut de protection
En France, c'est une espèce protégée sur l'ensemble du territoire métropolitain.

Liens externes

Cardueae
Espèce d'Asteraceae (nom scientifique)
Dicotylédone de France
Espèce de plantes protégée en France

Jurinea humilis


Sandstorm kan henvise til:
 Sandstorm – en storm med fygende sand
 Sandstorm (komposition) – en musikalsk komposition af den finske DJ Darude.
 Sandstorm (Rasmus Seebach-sang) – en sang af den danske sanger Rasmus Seebach

Sandstorm (flertydig)


Taastrup Idræts Center er et idrætsanlæg beliggende i Taastrup i Høje-Taastrup Kommune. Centeret, som ligger på 3 forskellige lokationer, består af både indendørs såvel som udendørs faciliteter. Der er en 3 haller, flere sportssale, fitnesscenter, 24 fodboldbaner, 14 tennisbaner (heraf 2 indendørs) samt minigolfbane.

Idrætscenteret drives som en selvejende institution.

Faciliteter
TIC består af følgende:
 Taastrup Idræts Haller
 Taastrup Idrætspark
 Nyhøj Idrætsanlæg
 Blåkilde tennisbaner

Taastrup Idræts Haller består af:
 3 haller
 2 sale
 2 indendørs tennisbaner
 Fitness
 Cafe og restaurant
 Mødelokaler

Taastrup Idrætspark består af:
 6 fodboldbaner hvoraf 1 er grus
 9 tennisbaner
 1 minigolf bane (åbner 2018)

Idrætsparken er hjemmebane for fodboldklubben Taastrup Fodbold Club.

Nybolig Park (Nyhøj Idrætsanlæg) er beliggende Sydskellet 1 i Taastrup og består af:
 15 fodboldbaner, heraf 1 kunstgræs

Blåkilde Idrætsanlæg består af:
 3 tennisbaner

Ledelse
TIC har en bestyrelse bestående af 9 medlemmer, hvor de 7 medlemmer vælges for en 2 årig periode af de idrætsforeninger som anvender idrætscentret mens de 2 sidste vælges af kommunalbestyrelsen for en 4 års periode.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Officielt websted

Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Høje-Taastrup Kommune
Idræts Center, Tåstrup

Taastrup Idræts Center


Alacaatlı, Balıkesir ilinin Sındırgı ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihi
 Bir rivayete göre mahallenin insanları şimdiki mahallenin bir dağı olan Çan dağında yaşıyorlardı. Fakat burada yılan ve akrepten çok rahatsız oluyorlardı sıkıntılı ve güç bir yaşamları vardı. Bu durumdan kurtulamıyorlardı. Bir gün şimdiki mahallenin bulunduğu yere atlı bir adam gelmiş.Bu at alaca imiş. Bu adam, bu ovada çadır kurup yaşarmış. Çan dağında yaşayan köylüler bir gün ziyaretine gelmişler. Orada çok sıkıntılı ve rahatsız olduklarını söylemişler. Bu adam onlara bu ovaya gelip yerleşmelerini söylemiş. Onlar da bu ovaya gelip yerleşmişler. Kendilerini rahata kavuşturduğu için, adamın atı alaca diye köye, Alacaatlı ismini vermişler.
 İkinci rivayete göre köy kurulduğu tarihten bu yana ismi değişmemiş, Alaca dede adlı bir dedenin ismi mahallenin adı olmuştur.Kurtuluş Savaşında Bakır Beldesinden Bakırlı Efe komutasında Yunan ordusuna karşı mücadele edilmiş, köy halkından Çakır Mehmet, Ömer ÇAVDAR, Mehmet ÖZEN, Hasan ve İbrahim ATAY, Bakırlı Efenin Alacaatlı mahallesindeki en büyük yardımcıları olmuşlardır. Kızıl Keçili, Karakeçili, Deveci, Yaycı, Akkoyunlu gibi Alacaatlı da bir yörük obası ismidir. Bu köy de diğer komşu köyler gibi yörük orijinli olduğundan isminin diğer pek çok köy ismi gibi oba isminden gelmiş olması büyük olasılıktır.

Coğrafya
Mahallenin, Sındırgı ilçe merkezine uzaklığı 12 km, Balıkesir il merkezine uzaklığı Sındırgı ilçesi üzerinden 75 km, Gölcük kasabası üzerinden 60 km dir. Ulaşım her iki yön üzerinden de asfalt yol ile sağlanmaktadır.

Dış bağlantılar
http://www.panoramio.com/user/2948391

Sındırgı'nın mahalleleri

Alacaatlı, Sındırgı


Die Oneco Township ist eine von 18 Townships im Stephenson County im Nordwesten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Illinois.

Geografie
Die Oneco Township liegt Nordwesten von Illinois an der Grenze zu Wisconsin. Der Mississippi, der die Grenze zu Iowa bildet, befindet sich rund 85 km westlich.

Die Oneco Township liegt auf 42°29′08″ nördlicher Breite und 89°39′47″ westlicher Länge und erstreckt sich über 71,22 km².

Die Oneco Township liegt im Norden des Stephenson County und grenzt an das Green County in Wisconsin. Innerhalb des Stephenson County grenzt die Oneco Township im Osten an die Rock Grove Township, im Südosten an die Dakota Township, im Süden an die Buckeye Township, im Südwesten an die Waddams Township und im Westen an die Winslow Township.

Verkehr
Durch die Township führt in Nord-Süd-Richtung die Illinois State Route 36. Alle weiteren Straßen sind County Roads und weiter untergeordnete und zum Teil unbefestigte Fahrwege.

Der nächstgelegene Flugplatz ist der rund 30 km südlich der Township gelegene Albertus Airport bei Freeport, dem Zentrum der gesamten Region.

Bevölkerung
Bei der Volkszählung im Jahr 2010 hatte die Township 1331 Einwohner. Neben Streubesiedlung gibt es zwei Siedlungen:

 Orangeville1 (Village)
 Oneco (Unincorporated Community)

1 – teilweise in der Buckeye Township

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 www.city-data.com - Oneco Township
 Histopolis - Oneco Township

Oneco Township


Yomtob Kalfon, né le  à Sarcelles, est un avocat et homme politique israélien.

Situation personnelle

Yomtob Kalfon est né en France au sein d'une famille juive d'origine tunisienne. Il est le petit-fils de Yomtob Kalfon, qui fut le leader spirituel de la synagogue Keren Yéchoua de La Marsa. Il s'installe en Israel après son baccalauréat, et y effectue des études de droit.

Parcours politique

Yomtob Kalfon rejoint le parti Nouvelle Droite, créé par Naftali Bennett et Ayelet Shaked. Il se présente sous cette étiquette en avril 2019, à la 11 place, mais n'est alors pas élu. Il suit Bennett au sein de Yamina, et se présente de nouveau aux élections de Septembre 2019 puis de Mars 2020, sans plus de succès.

Aux élections de 2021, 11 sur la liste de Yamina, il obtient un poste de député au sein de la Knesset, à la suite de la nomination d'Ayelet Shaked comme ministre de l'Intérieur, sous l'égide de la loi Norvégienne, un amendement aux Lois fondamentales d'Israël qui permet à un député de rejoindre un poste de ministre et de laisser son poste à un remplaçant, puis de récupérer son siège en cas de démission du gouvernement.

Membre de la Knesset
Personnalité de la Nouvelle Droite (Israël)
Naissance à Sarcelles

Yomtob Kalfon


An Maxillaria convencionis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Maxillaria convencionis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Maxillaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Colombia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Maxillaria

Maxillaria convencionis


Das Wasserkraftwerk La Grande-1 () ist ein Laufwasserkraftwerk in der kanadischen Provinz Québec. Es befindet sich in der Region Jamésie am Réservoir La Grande 1, einem Stausee am Fluss La Grande Rivière. Die Flussmündung liegt 37 Kilometer westlich, das Wasserkraftwerk Robert-Bourassa (früher La Grande-2) 80 Kilometer östlich.

Das Kraftwerk ist Teil des Baie-James-Wasserkraftprojekts und besitzt zwölf Turbinen. Die installierte Leistung der Generatoren beträgt 1436 MW, die Fallhöhe 27,5 Meter. Betreiber des Kraftwerks ist die Société d'énergie de la Baie James (SEBJ), eine Tochtergesellschaft des staatlichen Energieversorgers Hydro-Québec.

Geschichte
Zwar war das Kraftwerk bereits 1972 angekündigt worden, doch aufgrund der Komplexität des Projekts konnte es erst zwei Jahrzehnte später in Betrieb genommen werden. Der ursprünglich geplante Kraftwerkstandort war heftig umstritten. Die in der Region ansässigen Cree erwirkten auf juristischem Wege einen Planungsstopp und zwangen die Provinzregierung zu Verhandlungen. Im 1975 unterzeichneten Abkommen der Baie James und des Quebecer Nordens wurde vereinbart, das Kraftwerk 34 Kilometer weiter flussaufwärts zu errichten. Das Abkommen sah darüber hinaus zehn Turbinen mit einer Leistung von 910 MW vor.

Unterdessen führte die Fertigstellung weiterer Teile des Baie-James-Wasserkraftwerks dazu, dass die Wassermenge im Fluss stark anstieg. Das auf der Île de Fort George, einer Insel im Bereich der Flussmündung, gelegene Cree-Reservat musste aufgrund der starken Erosion aufgegeben werden. Die dort lebenden Cree zogen 1981 in die acht Kilometer entfernte, am linken Ufer neu errichtete Siedlung Chisasibi um.

Mit der am 14. April 1978 unterzeichneten Convention de Chisasibi, einem Zusatzprotokoll zum Abkommen von 1975, wurde die geplante Kraftwerksleistung auf 1140 MW erhöht. Obwohl der Kraftwerkbau mittlerweile aufgeschoben worden war, errichtete man 1979 am späteren Standort einen Umleitungskanal. Mit einem weiteren Zusatzabkommen vereinbarten die Cree und die Provinzregierung am 6. November 1986 den Einbau zweier zusätzlicher Turbinen. Die Bauarbeiten begannen schließlich 1988, die Inbetriebnahme erfolgte in den Jahren 1994 und 1995.

Literatur

Weblinks
 Besucherinformationen (französisch)

Einzelnachweise

Wasserkraftwerk in Nordamerika
Laufwasserkraftwerk in Kanada
Hydro-Québec-Kraftwerk
Bauwerk in Québec
Erbaut in den 1990er Jahren
Nord-du-Québec

Wasserkraftwerk La Grande-1


بوشبكة مدينة الجمهورية التونسية، تقع في معتمدية فريانة في ولاية القصرين على الحدود التونسية الجزائرية. يبلغ عدد سكانها 2728 ساكن حسب إحصائيات سنة 2004.

مراجع

مواضيع ذات علاقة
 ولاية القصرين
 معتمدية فريانة

أماكن مأهولة في تونس
قرى ولاية القصرين
مدن ولاية القصرين
ولاية القصرين

بوشبكة


NGC 2032 ist ein Emissionsnebel in der Großen Magellanschen Wolke im Sternbild Dorado. Das Objekt wurde am 2. November 1834 von dem  Astronomen John Herschel entdeckt.

NGC 2032 gehört zu N59A, einem H-II-Gebiet in der großen Magellanschen Wolke am südöstlichen Rand der Superblase LMC4.

Einzelnachweise

Emissionsnebel in der Großen Magellanschen Wolke

NGC 2032


Choctaw County er navnet på flere counties i USA:

 Choctaw County, Alabama
 Choctaw County, Mississippi
 Choctaw County, Oklahoma

Choctaw County


«Winfield» puede referirse a:

Divisiones administrativas

en Estados Unidos
 Winfield, ciudad en el estado de Alabama;
 Winfield, municipio en el estado de Dakota del Norte;
 Winfield, municipio en el estado de Illinois:
 Winfield, villa en Illinois;
 Winfield, municipio en el estado de Indiana:
 Winfield, pueblo en Indiana;
 Winfield, municipio en el estado de Iowa:
 Winfield, ciudad en Iowa;
 Winfield, municipio en el estado de Kansas:
 Winfield, ciudad en Kansas;
 Winfield, municipio en el estado de Míchigan;
 Winfield, municipio en el estado de Minnesota;
 Winfield, ciudad en el estado de Misuri;
 Winfield, municipio en el estado de Nueva Jersey;
 Winfield, pueblo en el estado de Nueva York;
 Winfield, municipio en el estado de Pensilvania:
 Winfield, lugar designado por el censo en Pensilvania;
 Winfield, pueblo en el estado de Tennessee;
 Winfield, ciudad en el estado de Texas;
 Winfield, pueblo en el estado de Virginia Occidental;
 Winfield, pueblo en el estado de Wisconsin.

Personajes
Nombre propio Winfield
 Winfield Scott (1786-1866), diplomático y general del ejército de los Estados Unidos;

Apellido Winfield
 Chuck Winfield (1943-), trompetista estadounidense;
 Franklin Winfield Woolworth (185-1919), comerciante estadounidense;
 Paul Winfield (1939-2004), actor estadounidense; o
 Willard Winfield Rowlee (1861-1923), botánico y profesor estadounidense.

Winfield


NGC 6588 je zvjezdana skupina u zviježđu Paunu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6588
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6588 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
   DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6550 - 6599

6588

NGC 6588


La Ruta Estatal de California 98, y abreviada SR 98 (en inglés: California State Route 98) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de California. La carretera inicia en el Oeste desde la  hacia el Este en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 91,5 km (56.858 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de California 98 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de California por sus siglas en inglés Caltrans.

Cruces
La Ruta Estatal de California 98 es atravesada principalmente por la .
{|class=wikitable
!Localidad
!Miliario
!Destinos
!Notas
|-
|
|R0.30
|
|Interchange; salida oeste y entrada este
|-
|
|1.52
|
|
|-
|
|22.20
|
|
|-
|Mount Signal
|
|
|
|-
|
|30.27
|
|
|-
|rowspan=2|Calexico
|32.31
|
|Sirve a la Universidad Estatal de San Diego
|-
|39.56
| – Frontera internacional
|
|-
|Bonds Corner
|42.10
|Bonds Corner Road – Holtville
|
|-
|
|43.68
|
|
|-
|
|56.88
|, Yuma
|Interchange

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de Caltrans

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de California
Carreteras del condado de Imperial
Calexico

Ruta Estatal de California 98


An Lasimorpha senegalensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. An Lasimorpha senegalensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lasimorpha, ngan familia nga Araceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Lasimorpha

Lasimorpha senegalensis


Shaïn Boumedine est un acteur français né le  à Montpellier.

Éléments biographiques

Adolescent, en 2014, Shaïn Boumedine postule pour un rôle dans une série qui doit se tourner dans sa région, mais n'est pas retenu. Deux ans plus tard, sa fiche atterrit entre les mains de la directrice de casting d'Abdellatif Kechiche, à la recherche de comédiens débutants. Il fait des essais et est retenu en définitive pour le rôle principal masculin d'un nouveau long métrage du cinéaste. Le film est retenu dans différents festivals et Shaïn Boumedine est primé au Festival du film de Cabourg. C'est le début de son parcours comme comédien.

Lors du Festival du cinéma méditerranéen de Montpellier 2019, il est membre du jury.

Filmographie

Cinéma
 2017 : Mektoub, My Love: canto uno d'Abdellatif Kechiche : Amin
 2019 : Mektoub, My Love: intermezzo d'Abdellatif Kechiche : Amin
 2020 : L'Été nucléaire de Gaël Lépingle: Victor
 2022 : Placés de Nessim Chikhaoui : Elias
 2022 : Pour la France de Rachid Hami : Aïssa Saïdi
 Prévu pour 2024 : Pas de vagues de Teddy Lussi-Modeste : Walid

Télévision
 2019 : Les Sauvages : Slim Nerrouche

Nominations
 Prix Premier rendez-vous (acteur), Festival du film de Cabourg 2018 pour son rôle dans Mektoub my love : canto uno
 Retenu parmi les 34 espoirs en lice pour les nominations aux César 2019, mais non nommé.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Fiche personnelle sur AlloCiné
 Interview dans l'émission Quotidien sur TMC à l'occasion de la sortie du film Mektoub my love
 Fiche sur AlloCiné sur son rôle d'éducateur dans Placés
 Interview dans l'émission Quotidien sur TMC à l'occasion de la sortie du film Placés
 Article sur My Canal revenant sur son rôle dans Mektoub My Love et Les sauvages
 La leçon de mode de Shaïn Boumedine, article consacré à l'acteur (Madame Figaro)

Acteur français de cinéma
Naissance en mars 1996
Naissance à Montpellier

Shaïn Boumedine


Jean-Baptiste Barrelon est un peintre verrier né à Saint-Chamond le  et mort dans la même ville le .

Biographie
Jean-Bapiste Barrelon est issu d'une famille de serruriers, originaire de Saint-Chamond (Loire). Il a étudié à l'école des beaux-arts de Lyon où il a reçu une médaille d'argent gagnée dans la classe de peinture de Claude Bonnefond.

Il a ensuite séjourné quelques années à Paris où il a été l'élève du peintre Charles Gleyre (1806 - 1874) et suivit, à partir de 1845, une formation chez le peintre-verrier Alexandre Mauvernay (1810-1898) installé à Saint-Galmier (Loire). Il expose un tableau au Salon de 1847, Les Sœurs de lait, puis de 1848 : La Vierge, l'Enfant-Jésus et Saint Jean.

L'église de Boisset-lès-Montrond possède un tableau représentant Saint Joseph et l'Enfant Jésus signé Barrelon et daté de 1846.

Il s'est associé à Antoine Bessac et au peintre de fleurs Joséphus Veyrat sept ans plus tard, en 1851, pour monter sa propre entreprise de vitraux à Grigny, à une dizaine de kilomètres de Lyon. Antoine Bessac est devenu son associé en 1859. Le cartonnier Figuière a travaillé avec lui en 1859, puis François Danzas en 1864. Son atelier était à Grigny, vers 1852-1855, et son adresse lyonnaise était le 122, rue Saint-Georges. Cette association devait être dissoute onze ans plus tard. Jean-Baptiste Barrelon est alors le seul signataire des vitraux qu'il produit à partir de 1864. Si son activité principale s'est exercée dans la région lyonnaise et à l'Ouest, dans le département de la Loire, il a étendu son champ d'action en travaillant dans des pays tels que l'Irlande, l'Italie et jusqu'en Nouvelle Calédonie.

Sa société est reprise le  par l'un de ses employés, Georges Nicolas Dufêtre.

Quelques réalisations
Il a réalisé :
 église Saint-Pierre d'Éveux : verrière Saint Joseph et Saint Pierre (1853),
 église Notre-Dame de L'Hôpital-sous-Rochefort : deux verrières à médaillons (1854),
 église Saint-Maurice de Saint-Maurice-sur-Dargoire : vitraux (1856),
 église Saint-Just de Lyon : deux verrières de la chapelle de la Vierge (vers 1860)
 église Saint-Nicolas de Givors : verrière Saint-Nicolas (1860), verrière de la Fuite en Égypte (1859),
 église Saint-Irénée de Bessenay : vitrail de l'Ascension et de l'Annonciation (1863), vitrail de la Lapidation de saint Étienne (1867),
 cathédrale Saint-Vincent de Mâcon : dix verrières (1863-1869),
 église Saint-Genès de Saint-Genis-Laval : vitraux du chœur, des absidioles et du transept commandés en 1864,
 l'ensemble des verrières de l'église Saint-Antoine à Vaugneray (1864-1865),
 quatorze verrières de l'église Saint-Polycarpe de Bully (après 1866),
 église Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Chaussan,
 huit verrières de l'église Saint-André d'Irigny (1869),
 deux verrières de l'église paroissiale Notre-Dame des marais, à Villefranche-sur-Saône,
 église de l'ancien couvent de Franciscains Saint-François d'Aregno : Accolade de saint Dominique et saint François d'Assise
 église Notre-Dame-de-la-Nativité à Les Maillys,
 église Saint-Blaise de Brindas : vitraux (1871),
 église Saint-Genest à Saint-Genest-Malifaux : trois verrières du chœur et un dans la chapelle
 chapelle Saint-Dominique du couvent du Saint-Nom de Jésus à Lyon, devenu église du Saint-Nom-de-Jésus en 1909 : vitraux (1875-1876),
 église Saint-Joseph d'Annonay : ensemble des verrières,
 église Saint-Pargoire de Saint-Pargoire : verrières,
 église Saint-Marcellin de Monistrol-sur-Loire : vitraux réalisés entre 1864 et 1871,
 église Notre-Dame de Davézieux : vitraux représentant les membres de la famille de Laurent de Montgolfier.

En images

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 .
 .
 Sabine Mathias, Le fonds Barrelon (maître-verrier lyonnais du XIXe siècle) déposé aux Archives départementales du Rhône, Université de Lyon, mémoire de maîtrise d'histoire de l'art sous la direction de Mme Marie-Félicie Pérez, 1993, 228 + 206 + 55 p.
 Isabelle Parizet, « L'atelier de vitraux du couvent du Saint-Nom de Jésus à Lyon. Relecture prosopographique des archives », dans sous la direction de Jean-Marie Gueullette, Un passé recomposé. Fondation et construction du couvent dominicain de Lyon 1856-1888, coll. Chrétiens et Sociétés Documents et Mémoires, Lyon, 2015, ,   (lire en ligne)

Article connexe
 Vitrail Saint-Georges

Liens externes

 Archives du Rhône : Sabine Mathias-Francou, Marion Duvigneau, Eric Montat, ''Jean-Baptiste Barrelon, Georges-Nicolas Dufêtre, Paul Nicod et Jean Jubin, et Joséphine Lamy-Paillet, maîtres verriers à Lyon 1837-1928
 Bibliographie d'Histoire de l'Art : Jean-Baptiste Barrelon peintre-verrier 1818-1885
 François Robert, Les archives d'entreprises en Rhône-Alpes aux . Guide documentaire, tome 1 : Les services d'archives publics, .

Naissance en octobre 1818
Naissance à Saint-Chamond
Peintre français du XIXe siècle
Peintre de vitraux
Décès à Saint-Chamond
Décès en septembre 1885
Décès à 66 ans

Jean-Baptiste Barrelon


Događaji

Rođenja
 27. lipnja – Luj XII., francuski kralj, († 1515.)

Smrti
 27. ožujka – Vasilije II., moskovski knez (* 1415.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

1462.


L'étude européenne prospective sur le cancer et la nutrition (EPIC) est une étude de cohorte prospective à l'échelle européenne sur les relations entre l'alimentation et le cancer, ainsi que d'autres maladies chroniques, telles que les maladies cardiovasculaires. Avec plus d'un demi-million de participants, il s'agit de la plus grande étude sur l'alimentation et les maladies jamais entreprise.

EPIC est coordonné par le Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (CIRC), qui fait partie de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé, et financé par le programme « L'Europe contre le cancer » de la Commission européenne ainsi que par plusieurs subventions et œuvres caritatives nationales.

 en bonne santé, pour la plupart âgés de 35 à 70 ans, ont été inscrits dans 23 centres dans dix pays européens : Danemark (11 %), France (14 %), Allemagne (10 %), Grèce (5 %), Italie (9 %), Pays-Bas (8 %), Norvège (7 %), Espagne (8 %), Suède (10 %) et Royaume-Uni (17 %). Le centre britannique d'Oxford a recruté 27 000 végétariens et végétaliens ; ce sous-groupe constitue la plus grande étude de ce groupe alimentaire. Le recrutement pour l'étude a eu lieu entre 1993 et 1999, et le suivi est prévu pendant au moins dix ans, avec des entretiens et questionnaires répétés tous les trois à cinq ans. Les principales données prospectives collectées sont des questionnaires alimentaires standardisés (auto-administrés ou basés sur des entretiens), des journaux alimentaires de sept jours, des échantillons de sang et des mesures anthropométriques, telles que l'indice de masse corporelle et le rapport taille-hanches. De plus, l'étude cas-témoins GenAir étudie la relation entre le tabagisme passif et la pollution de l'air avec les cancers et les maladies respiratoires.

Jusqu'en 2004, plus de 26 000 nouveaux cas de cancer ont été enregistrés parmi les participants, les plus courants étant les cancers du sein, du côlon et du rectum, de la prostate et du poumon. Les analyses actuelles portent particulièrement sur les cancers de l'estomac, colorectal, du sein, de la prostate et du poumon. Les différents régimes alimentaires dans les différents pays doivent permettre d'établir des associations fiables entre des régimes alimentaires particuliers et des cancers. L'analyse des échantillons de sang conservés devrait également permettre la dissection des facteurs génétiques impliqués dans les cancers, ainsi que les effets des hormones et des facteurs hormonaux.

Principales conclusions
L'étude et son analyse sont en cours, mais les principaux résultats de l'étude récupérés en 2008 sont :

 Une faible teneur en sodium provenant de la consommation de sel, une teneur élevée en potassium provenant de la consommation de fruits et légumes favorisent des niveaux de tension artérielle sains ;
 Une activité physique élevée, impliquant des activités à fort impact est un bon indicateur de longévité et de faible risque de fractures osseuses ;
 Une teneur élevée en fibres alimentaires protège contre le cancer de l'intestin
 L'obésité augmente un certain nombre de risques de cancer ;
 Des niveaux élevés d'hormones sexuelles augmentent le risque de cancer du sein
 Un apport accru en graisses augmente le risque de cancer du sein ;
 L'augmentation de la consommation de fruits et légumes réduit le risque de décès prématuré, toutes causes confondues ;
 Une glycémie élevée est associée à un risque accru de maladie cardiaque ;
 L'impact combiné de quatre comportements – ne pas fumer, être physiquement actif, une consommation modérée d'alcool et la consommation d'au moins cinq portions de fruits et légumes par jour – a été estimé à 14 années de vie supplémentaires (Khaw et al. 2008).

Les conclusions ultérieures de 2012 et 2013 sont les suivantes :

 L'apport alimentaire en flavonoïdes est associé à une réduction du risque de carcinome gastrique chez les femmes mais pas chez les hommes ;
 La consommation régulière de viande transformée augmente le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires et de décès par cancer.

Les résultats ultérieurs de 2021 sont :

 Les facteurs alimentaires associés à la réduction de la mortalité par cancer comprend la consommation de légumes crus ; apport en fibres alimentaires; le régime méditerranéen ; les autres régimes alimentaires comprenaient les faibles mangeurs de viande, les végétariens/végétaliens ou les mangeurs de poisson.

Notes et références

Papiers sélectionnés
Passer en revue

Primaire

Liens externes

 Projet EPIC (CIRC)
 Etude EPIC (CR UK)
 EPIC (Oxford centre) (recrutés préférentiellement végétariens & végétaliens)
 EPIC-Norfolk (cohorte UK Norfolk)

Cancérologie

Étude européenne prospective sur le cancer et la nutrition


Buckley v. Valeo, 424 U.S. 1 (1976), was a landmark decision of the US Supreme Court on campaign finance. A majority of justices held that, as provided by section 608 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971, limits on election expenditures are unconstitutional. In a per curiam (by the Court) opinion, they ruled that expenditure limits contravene the First Amendment provision on freedom of speech because a restriction on spending for political communication necessarily reduces the quantity of expression. It limited disclosure provisions and limited the Federal Election Commission's power. Justice Byron White dissented in part and wrote that Congress had legitimately recognized unlimited election spending "as a mortal danger against which effective preventive and curative steps must be taken".

Buckley v. Valeo was extended by the U.S. Supreme Court in further cases, including in the five to four decision of First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti in 1978 and Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission in 2010. The latter held that corporations may spend from their general treasuries during elections. In 2014, McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission held that aggregate limits on political giving by an individual are unconstitutional.

By some measures, Buckley is the longest opinion ever issued by the Supreme Court.

Facts
Congress had made previous attempts to regulate campaign finance. It passed the Tillman Act of 1907, and then the Taft–Hartley Act in 1947. Neither was well enforced.

Then, in 1974, Congress passed significant amendments to the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (FECA), creating the most comprehensive effort by the federal government to date to regulate federal campaign contributions and spending. President Gerald Ford signed the bill into law on October 15. The key parts of the amended law did the following:
limited contributions to candidates for federal office (2 USC §441a)
required the disclosure of political contributions (2 USC §434),
provided for the public financing of presidential elections (IRC Subtitle H),
limited expenditures by candidates and associated committees,
limited independent expenditures to $1,000 (formerly 18 U.S.C. §608e),
limited candidate expenditures from personal funds (formerly 18 U.S.C. §608a),
created and fixed the method of appointing members to the Federal Election Commission (FEC) (formerly 2 U.S.C. §437c(a) (1)(A–C)). Eight members of the commission were to be chosen as follows: the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives were ex officio members of the Commission without a right to vote; two members would be appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate upon recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of the Senate; two would be appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives upon recommendations of the majority and minority leaders of the House, and two would be appointed by the President. The six voting members would then need to be confirmed by the majority of both Houses of Congress. In addition, there was a requirement that each of the three appointing authorities was forbidden to choose both of their appointees from the same political party.

The lawsuit was filed in the District Court for the District of Columbia, on January 2, 1975, by U.S. Senator James L. Buckley (a member of the Conservative Party of New York State), former U.S. Senator and 1968 presidential candidate Eugene McCarthy (a Democrat from Minnesota), the New York Civil Liberties Union, the American Conservative Union, the Peace & Freedom Party, the Libertarian Party, and numerous other plaintiffs. The named defendant in the caption was Francis R. Valeo, the Secretary of the Senate, an ex officio member of the FEC who represented the U.S. federal government. The trial court denied plaintiffs' request for declaratory and injunctive relief. Plaintiffs then appealed to the Court of Appeals and finally to the Supreme Court.

The plaintiffs argued that the legislation violated the 1st and 5th Amendment rights to freedom of expression and due process, respectively.

Judgment
In a per curiam opinion, the Supreme Court held that several key provisions of the Campaign Finance Act, § 608(a), which limited expenditure by political campaigns, are unconstitutional and contrary to the First Amendment. The major holdings were as follows:
 The Court upheld limits on contributions to candidates.
 The Court upheld limitations on volunteers' incidental expenses.
 The Court upheld the aggregate limit on an individual's total contributions to all candidates and committees in a calendar year.
 The Court struck down limits on expenditures by candidates.
 The Court struck down limits on independent expenditures (i.e., expenditures by other groups or individuals than candidates and political parties).
 The Court upheld mandatory disclosure and reporting provisions, but it narrowed the types of speech to which they could apply.
 The Court upheld a system of voluntary government funding of campaigns, including limits on spending by candidates who choose to accept government subsidies.
 The Court struck down the system by which members of Congress directly appointed Federal Election Commission commissioners.

The Court's opinion begins by stating certain "General Principles", and then dealing with individual parts of the law in turn.

General principles
 First, the Court cited the importance of the First Amendment issues at stake: "The Act's contribution and expenditure limitations operate in an area of the most fundamental First Amendment activities. Discussion of public issues and debate on the qualifications of candidates are integral to the operation of the system of government established by our Constitution. The First Amendment affords the broadest protection to such political expression in order 'to assure (the) unfettered interchange of ideas for the bringing about of political and social changes desired by the people.'" The Court stated that these issues include "political association as well as political expression."
 The Court rejected the idea that limits on campaign contributions and spending merely limited conduct: "[T]his Court has never suggested that the dependence of a communication on the expenditure of money operates itself to ... reduce the exacting scrutiny required by the First Amendment." The opinion cited New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, and it noted that sending a telegram to a public official—a clearly protected activity—costs money.
 Further, even if considered "conduct", the Court found that "it is beyond dispute that the interest in regulating the alleged 'conduct' of giving or spending money 'arises in some measure because the communication allegedly integral to the conduct is itself thought to be harmful.'"
 The restrictions were not justified under the "times, places, and manner" clause giving the government the authority to regulate elections: The restrictions were "direct quantity restrictions on political communication and association by persons, groups, candidates, and political parties."
 The Court affirmed a First Amendment interest in spending money to facilitate campaign speech, writing, "A restriction on the amount of money a person or group can spend on political communication during a campaign necessarily reduces the quantity of expression by restricting the number of issues discussed, the depth of their exploration, and the size of the audience reached." Further, the law's "$1,000 ceiling on spending 'relative to a clearly identified candidate,' would appear to exclude all citizens and groups except candidates, political parties, and the institutional press from any significant use of the most effective modes of communication." (citations omitted).
 However, "limitation[s] upon the amount that any one person or group may contribute to a candidate or political committee entails only a marginal restriction upon the contributor's ability to engage in free communication", because such persons or groups are free to communicate directly with voters. Nevertheless, "[g]iven the important role of contributions in financing political campaigns, contribution restrictions could have a severe impact on political dialogue if the limitations prevented candidates and political committees from amassing the resources necessary for effective advocacy."
 "The Act's contribution and expenditure limitations also impinge on protected associational freedoms. Making a contribution, like joining a political party, serves to affiliate a person with a candidate."
 Finally, the Court concluded this section by stating, "In sum, although the Act's contribution and expenditure limitations both implicate fundamental First Amendment interests, its expenditure ceilings impose significantly more severe restrictions on protected freedoms of political expression and association than do its limitations on financial contributions."

Contribution limits
 The Court held that restrictions on "large campaign contributions" are justified by the state's interest in "the prevention of corruption and the appearance of corruption spawned by the real or imagined coercive influence of large financial contributions on candidates' positions and on their actions if elected to office." The Court further defined "corruption" to mean "large contributions ... given to secure a political quid pro quo from current and potential office holders."
 The Court rejected the plaintiffs' claim that all "contribution limitations must be invalidated because bribery laws and narrowly drawn disclosure requirements constitute a less restrictive means of dealing with 'proven and suspected quid pro quo arrangements.'"
 Thus the Court upheld the limits on contributions to candidates and their campaign committees, and to parties and political action committees, in the Act.

Expenditure limits
 The Court first reiterated that "[t]he Act's expenditure ceilings impose direct and substantial restraints on the quantity of political speech." It reviewed the sweeping scope of the law, noting, "The plain effect of [the Act] is to prohibit all individuals, who are neither candidates nor owners of institutional press facilities, and all groups, except political parties and campaign organizations, from voicing their views 'relative to a clearly identified candidate' through means that entail aggregate expenditures of more than $1,000 during a calendar year. The provision, for example, would make it a federal criminal offense for a person or association to place a single one-quarter page advertisement 'relative to a clearly identified candidate' in a major metropolitan newspaper."
 The Court held that the "key operative language of the provision ... [—]"any expenditure ... relative to a clearly identified candidate"—was unconstitutionally vague, for it "fails to clearly mark the boundary between permissible and impermissible speech, unless other portions of [the Act] make sufficiently explicit the range of expenditures covered by the limitation. The section prohibits 'any expenditure ... relative to a clearly identified candidate during a calendar year which, when added to all other expenditures ... advocating the election or defeat of such candidate, exceeds, $1,000.' (Emphasis added.) This context clearly permits, if indeed it does not require, the phrase "relative to" a candidate to be read to mean 'advocating the election or defeat of' a candidate." The Court elaborated in a footnote that "[t]his construction would restrict the application of [the law] to communications containing express words of advocacy of election or defeat, such as 'vote for,' 'elect,' 'support,' 'cast your ballot for,' 'Smith for Congress,' 'vote against,' 'defeat,' 'reject.'"
 Even after narrowing the scope of the provision, however, the Court found that limits on expenditures are unconstitutional. "We find that the governmental interest in preventing corruption and the appearance of corruption is inadequate to justify s 608(e)(1)'s ceiling on independent expenditures... First, assuming, arguendo, that large independent expenditures pose the same dangers of actual or apparent quid pro quo arrangements as do large contributions, Sec. 608(e)(1) does not provide an answer that sufficiently relates to the elimination of those dangers. Unlike the contribution limitations' total ban on the giving of large amounts of money to candidates, Sec. 608(e)(1) prevents only some large expenditures. So long as persons and groups eschew expenditures that in express terms advocate the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate, they are free to spend as much as they want to promote the candidate and his views. The exacting interpretation of the statutory language necessary to avoid unconstitutional vagueness thus undermines the limitation's effectiveness as a loophole-closing provision by facilitating circumvention by those seeking to exert improper influence upon a candidate or office-holder."
 "Second, quite apart from the shortcomings ... in preventing any abuses generated by large independent expenditures, the independent advocacy restricted by the provision does not presently appear to pose dangers of real or apparent corruption comparable to those identified with large campaign contributions ... The absence of prearrangement and coordination of an expenditure with the candidate or his agent not only undermines the value of the expenditure to the candidate but also alleviates the danger that expenditures will be given as a quid pro quo for improper commitments from the candidate. Rather than preventing circumvention of the contribution limitations, Sec. 608(e)(1) severely restricts all independent advocacy despite its substantially diminished potential for abuse."
 The Court rejected the notion that a "governmental interest in equalizing the relative ability of individuals and groups to influence the outcome of elections serves to justify the limitation on express advocacy of the election or defeat of candidates imposed by Sec. 608(e)(1)'s expenditure ceiling ... [T]he concept that government may restrict the speech of some elements of our society in order to enhance the relative voice of others is wholly foreign to the First Amendment, which was designed 'to secure "the widest possible dissemination of information from diverse and antagonistic sources,"' and '"to assure unfettered interchange of ideas for the bringing about of political and social changes desired by the people."'"
 Thus, the Court struck down limits on both candidate and independent spending as unconstitutional.

Reporting and disclosure requirements
 The Court recognized that reporting and disclosure requirements infringe on First Amendment rights. "[W]e have repeatedly found that compelled disclosure, in itself, can seriously infringe on privacy of association and belief guaranteed by the First Amendment."
 However, the Court held that the government has a vital interest in "provid[ing] the electorate with information 'as to where political campaign money comes from and how it is spent by the candidate' in order to aid the voters in evaluating those who seek federal office", a vital interest in allowing "voters to place each candidate in the political spectrum more precisely than is often possible solely on the basis of party labels and campaign speeches." These interests are a result of the fact that "the sources of a candidate's financial support also alert the voter to the interests to which a candidate is most likely to be responsive and thus facilitate predictions of future performance in office." Further, "disclosure requirements deter actual corruption and avoid the appearance of corruption by exposing large contributions and expenditures to the light of publicity." Finally, "recordkeeping, reporting, and disclosure requirements are an essential means of gathering the data necessary to detect violations of the contribution limitations described above."
 However, the Court again found the statute's reach, as written, to be unconstitutionally overbroad. It thus ruled that the Act's disclosure requirements apply to "individuals and groups that are not candidates or political committees only in the following circumstances: (1) when they make contributions earmarked for political purposes or authorized or requested by a candidate or his agent, to some person other than a candidate or political committee, and (2) when they make expenditures for communications that expressly advocate the election or defeat of a clearly identified candidate."

Public funding of campaigns
 The Court ruled that the government can directly subsidize political campaigns, but that it cannot require candidates to forego private fundraising if they choose the subsidy instead.
 The Court held that the government can condition receipt of the campaign subsidy on a candidate's voluntary agreement to limit his or her total spending.

Make-up of FEC
 The Court held that the method for appointments to the Federal Election Commission was an unconstitutional violation of separation of powers. The Court opined that these powers could properly be exercised by an "Officer of the United States" (validly appointed under Article II, Section 2, clause 2 of the Constitution) but held that the Commissioners could not exercise this significant authority because they were not "appointed". Id. at 137. Burger and Rehnquist agreed that limits on expenditure are unconstitutional, but dissented otherwise, stating that they would have held much larger parts of the Act to be unconstitutional.

Dissents
Only eight Justices heard the case. The opinion was a per curiam opinion, that is, not authored by a single justice, but an opinion for the Court. Several justices dissented from portions of the opinion.

Justice White would have upheld all the restrictions on both contributions and expenditures, striking down only the FEC's appointment process. He said the following.

Concededly, neither the limitations on contributions nor those on expenditures directly or indirectly purport to control the content of political speech by candidates or by their supporters or detractors. What the Act regulates is giving and spending money, acts that have First Amendment significance not because they are themselves communicative with respect to the qualifications of the candidate, but because money may be used to defray the expenses of speaking or otherwise communicating about the merits or demerits of federal candidates for election. The act of giving money to political candidates, however, may have illegal or other undesirable consequences: it may be used to secure the express or tacit understanding that the giver will enjoy political favor if the candidate is elected. Both Congress and this Court's cases have recognized this as a mortal danger against which effective preventive and curative steps must be taken.

[...]

I also disagree with the Court's judgment that § 608(a), which limits the amount of money that a candidate or his family may spend on his campaign, violates the Constitution. Although it is true that this provision does not promote any interest in preventing the corruption of candidates, the provision does, nevertheless, serve salutary purposes related to the integrity of federal campaigns. By limiting the importance of personal wealth, § 608(a) helps to assure that only individuals with a modicum of support from others will be viable candidates. This in turn would tend to discourage any notion that the outcome of elections is primarily a function of money. Similarly, § 608(a) tends to equalize access to the political arena, encouraging the less wealthy, unable to bankroll their own campaigns, to run for political office.

Since the contribution and expenditure limitations are neutral as to the content of speech and are not motivated by fear of the consequences of the political speech of particular candidates or of political speech in general, this case depends on whether the nonspeech interests of the Federal Government in regulating the use of money in political campaigns are sufficiently urgent to justify the incidental effects that the limitations visit upon the First Amendment interests of candidates and their supporters.

Justice Marshall dissented on the point of limiting personal contributions and expenditures by a candidate to his or her own campaign – he would have upheld that provision, which was stricken by the Court.

One of the points on which all Members of the Court agree is that money is essential for effective communication in a political campaign. It would appear to follow that the candidate with a substantial personal fortune at his disposal is off to a significant "headstart." Of course, the less wealthy candidate can potentially overcome the disparity in resources through contributions from others. But ability to generate contributions may itself depend upon a showing of a financial base for the campaign or some demonstration of preexisting support, which, in turn, is facilitated by expenditures of substantial personal sums. Thus, the wealthy candidate's immediate access to a substantial personal fortune may give him an initial advantage that his less wealthy opponent can never overcome. And even if the advantage can be overcome, the perception that personal wealth wins elections may not only discourage potential candidates without significant personal wealth from entering the political arena, but also undermine public confidence in the integrity of the electoral process.

Justice Rehnquist dissented on the application of the public funding provisions to minor parties, believing that it was unconstitutional as applied to them.

Justice Blackmun would have held that contribution limits are unconstitutional.

Chief Justice Burger would have held that contribution limits are unconstitutional, that the government financing provisions are unconstitutional, and that disclosure of small contributions to campaigns is unconstitutional.

Justice Stevens arrived on the Court after argument so he did not participate in the decision. However, he said later that he 'always thought that Byron [White] got it right'. Stevens would go on to write the dissent in Citizens United and called for a constitutional amendment to overturn the Court's campaign finance decisions.

See also
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 424
Bowman v United Kingdom [1998] ECHR 4, (1998) 26 EHRR 1
Harper v. Canada (Attorney General) [2004] SCR 827

Notes

References

External links

Federal Election Commission litigation
United States Free Speech Clause case law
United States equal protection case law
Appointments Clause case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States administrative case law
United States elections case law
1976 in United States case law
American Civil Liberties Union litigation
United States Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
United States separation of powers case law

Buckley v. Valeo


Solange on love er en film instrueret af Tine Katinka Jensen.

Handling
Dette er historien om to kvinder med det samme navn - Solange. Den ene Solange er mor til to små børn og tjener sine penge ved at passe på de parkerede biler i Santiagos gader. Hun er 22 år, rapkæftet og intens, og hun har betalt en høj pris for at blive sammen med kæresten Pato, børnenes far. Pato stjæler hendes sko og sælger dem for at få penge til crack. Han ryger ind og ud af fængsel og er sjældent til stede som far til deres børn - men han får Solange til at smile! Den anden Solange, er en smuk og forførende pige på 15, som bor med sin familie på en af de bakketoppe, som omgiver byen Valparaiso. Hun er skolepige og en god Cueca danser, og hun kan hverken holde sine hænder eller læber fra sin kæreste Esteban. Trangen til at være tæt fylder alt. De to mødes i parken i al hemmelighed og sniger sig hjem under lagnerne, når forældrene er ude. Året efter har de et barn sammen, og livet forandrer sig drastisk for de unge forældre.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2008

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Solange on love


Avaí es un municipio del estado de São Paulo, en el Brasil.

Topónimo
"Avaí" es un término derivado de la lengua tupí que significa "agua de hombre".

Geografía
Se localiza a una latitud 22º08'48" sur y a una longitud 49º19'59" oeste, estando a una altitud de 481 metros. Su población en 2010 era de 4 959 habitantes (Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística, 2010).

Demografía
Datos del Censo - 2010

Población total: 4 959
 Urbana: 3 330
 Rural: 1 629
 Hombres: 2 506
 Mujeres: 2 453
Densidad demográfica (hab./km²): 9,15

Mortalidad infantil hasta 1 año (por mil): 19,57

Expectativa de vida (años): 69,36

Tasa de fertilidad (hijos por mujer): 2,64

Tasa de alfabetización: 89,39%

Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH-M): 0,748
 IDH-M Salario: 0,669
 IDH-M Longevidad: 0,739
 IDH-M Educación: 0,836
(Fuente: IPEADATA)

Hidrografía
 Río Batalla
 Río Jacutinga
 Río Batalhinha
 Río Anhumas

Administración
 Prefecto: Paulo Sergio Rodrigues - PSDB (2009/2012)
 Viceprefecto: Célio de Jesús Belizario - PSDB (2009/2012)
 Presidente de la cámara: Luciano Ioshimasa Ianaguihara - PT (2011/2012)

Religión
El municipio pertenece a la Diócesis de Bauru, teniendo como obispo Don Fray Caetano Ferrari.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Avai

Avaí (São Paulo)


An Poa arnoldii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Aleksandre Melderis. An Poa arnoldii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Poa

Poa arnoldii


Die Freie Evangelisch-Lutherische Synode in Südafrika ist eine Evangelisch-Lutherische Kirche in Südafrika, die von deutschen Auswanderern im 19. Jahrhundert gegründet wurde.

Geschichte
Die Entstehung der Freien Evangelisch-Lutherischen Synode in Südafrika ist verbunden mit der Erweckungsbewegung um Ludwig Harms aus Hermannsburg. Neben Missionaren wurden auch Handwerker und Landwirte ausgesandt, um die missionarische Arbeit unter der einheimischen Bevölkerung zu unterstützen. Diese Kirche wurde am 13. September 1892 gegründet und ist die älteste unabhängige lutherische Kirche Südafrikas. Sie ist durch die Jahrzehnte der Missionsarbeit der Lutherischen Kirchenmission (Bleckmarer Mission) e.V. verbunden geblieben und hat während der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus und des Zweiten Weltkriegs die Missionsarbeit zeitweise ganz übernommen.

Struktur
Geleitet wird die Kirche vom Synodalrat unter dem Vorsitz von Bischof Helmut Paul.

Einzelnachweise

Weblink
Freie Evangelisch-Lutherische Synode in Südafrika – offizieller Internetauftritt

Protestantismus in Südafrika
Sudafrika
Gegründet 1892
Christliche Organisation (Südafrika)


María José Montiel (Madrid, 24 de junio de 1968) es una mezzosoprano española, Catedrática de Canto en la prestigiosa Universität der Künste de Berlin, Alemania. Reconocida con el Premio Nacional de Música 2015 que concede anualmente el Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte de España.

Biografía

Cursa la carrera superior de canto en el Real Conservatorio de Madrid con Ana María Iriarte y, posteriormente con Sena Jurinac y Olivera Miljaković en Viena, y también cursa estudios de Derecho en la Autónoma de Madrid, Universidad en la que además obtiene el DEA en Historia y Ciencias de la Música.

Ha interpretado el papel de Carmen en Suiza, Alemania, Francia, España, Japón, Italia, China, Israel y Estados Unidos. Ha colaborado con Riccardo Chailly en el Requiem de Verdi en el Konzerthaus de Viena y en Frankfurt, Milán, Budapest, la NHK Hall de Tokio y el Gewandhaus de Leipzig.

María José Montiel ha cantado en el Carnegie Hall de Nueva York, Centro John F. Kennedy para las Artes Escénicas de Washington, Sala Pleyel y Opéra National de París, Théâtre du Capitole de Toulouse, Finlandia Hall de Helsinki, De Doelen de Róterdam, Sala Filarmónica y Teatro de la Ópera de Varsovia, Musikverein, Konzerthaus y Ópera Estatal de Viena, Staatsoper de Berna, Festival de Bregenz, Ópera de Budapest, Sidney Town Hall, Teatro de La Scala de Milán, Teatro Regio de Parma, Opéra National de Paris, Teatro Verdi de Pisa, Teatro Comunale de Bolonia, La Fenice de Venezia, Teatro Verdi de Trieste, Teatro de La Monnaie de Bruselas, New National Theatre de Tokio. En España ha cantado en el Teatro Real y Auditorio Nacional de Madrid, Gran Teatro del Liceo y Palacio de la Música Catalana de Barcelona, Palacio de la Música de Valencia, Teatro Villamarta de Jerez, Palacio de la Ópera de La Coruña y otros muchos teatros y auditorios.

Ha colaborado con directores como Zubin Mehta, Daniel Oren, Lorin Maazel, Pinchas Steinberg, Miguel Ángel Gómez Martínez, García Navarro, Xian Zhang, Wayne Marshall, Adam Fisher, Horst Stein, Charles Dutoit, Vladimir Spivakov, Jesús López Cobos, Franz-Paul Decker, José Luis García Asensio, José Collado, Lawrence Foster, Odon Alonso, János Kovács, Neville Marriner, Jeffrey Tate, Maurizio Benini o Jacques Delacôte.

En el repertorio concertístico, ha cantado con orquestas como las Filarmónicas de Viena, de Buenos Aires, de Helsinki y de Tokio, las Sinfónicas de Montreal y Cincinnati, los Virtuosos de Moscú, la Orquesta Nacional de Francia, N.A.C. de Ottawa, Cámara de Lausanne, Fundación Arturo Toscanini, Filarmónica Radio Holanda o Giuseppe Verdi de Milán, mientras que en España colabora habitualmente con la Orquesta Nacional de España, Sinfónica de RTVE, Sinfónica de Murcia, Orquesta de Valencia.

En la reinauguración del Teatro Real de Madrid interpretó el rol principal de la ópera de Manuel de Falla La vida breve, junto al tenor Jaime Aragall. En este mismo escenario ha cantado en Las Golondrinas, de Usandizaga, en la Gala Centenario de la SGAE junto a Montserrat Caballé y Alfredo Kraus y en la Gala XXV Aniversario de la Constitución Española. Ha cantado junto a Plácido Domingo en la reinauguración del Teatro Avenida de Buenos Aires, así como la zarzuela Luisa Fernanda en el estreno del género lírico español en La Scala de Milán para después realizar una gira con la obra de Moreno Torroba por la Washington National Opera, Teatro Real de Madrid, Ópera de Los Ángeles y Theater an der Wien.

prueba

Discografía
Su discografía abarca una veintena de discos, trabajos que ha realizado para sellos como Dial, BIS, RTVE, Ensayo, Fundación Autor, Deutsche Gramophon y Stradivarius; su disco Modinha con Lieder de Brasil y junto a Luiz de Moura fue finalista Premios Grammy y su DVD Madrileña Bonita obtuvo el DVD de Oro.

Repertorio

 Vincenzo Bellini
 I Capuleti e i Montecchi, Romeo
 Norma, Adalgisa
 Alban Berg
 Wozzeck, Marie
 Georges Bizet
 Carmen, Carmen
 Francesco Cilèa
 Adriana Lecouvreur, Principessa
 Luigi Cherubini
 Medea, Neris
 Gaetano Donizetti
 La Favorite, Leonore
 Maria Stuarda, Elisabetta
 Lucrezia Borgia, Maffio Orsini
 Jules Massenet
 Werther, Charlotte
 Dulcinea, Don Quichotte
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
 La Clemenza di Tito, Sesto
 Così fan tutte, Dorabella
 Amilcare Ponchielli
 La Gioconda, Laura
 La Gioconda, La Cieca
 Gioacchino Rossini
 Il barbiere di Siviglia, Rosina
 Camille Saint-Säens
 Samson et Dalila, Dalila
 Richard Strauss
 Ariadne auf Naxos, Komponist
 Der Rosenkavalier, Oktavian
 Giuseppe Verdi
 Don Carlo, Eboli
 Aida, Amneris
 Il Trovatore, Azucena
 Un ballo in maschera, Ulrica

En el repertorio sinfónico abarca un amplio repertorio en el que destacan obras como: Les nuits d'été y Escenas de Faust de Hector Berlioz, Segunda, Tercera, Octava sinfonías y Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen de Gustav Mahler, Requiem de Verdi, Gloria de Antonio Vivaldi, Novena Sinfonía de Ludwig van Beethoven, Stabat Mater y Misa Solemne de Rossini, Schéhérazade de Maurice Ravel, o la Rapsodia para contralto de Johannes Brahms. También ha trabajado la creación española, participando en la recuperación de la ópera Pepita Jiménez y en el estreno absoluto de Merlin de Isaac Albéniz y en las primeras audiciones de obras de compositores contemporáneos como Ojos Verdes de Luna, de Tomás Marco o Eufonía, de Xavier Montsalvatge, además de piezas de Cruz de Castro, Peris, Bernaola, Barce o Anton García Abril, de quien ha interpretado buena parte de su repertorio vocal.

Premios
Ha recibido los premios los siguientes premios:

 Premio Lucrecia Arana
 Premio Federico Romero de la SGAE
 Premio Ojo Crítico de RNE
 Premio de la CEOE
 Premio Fundación Coca-Cola España al mejor intérprete por "la calidad de su voz, su temperamento expresivo y versatilidad de repertorio".
 Premio de Cultura en la modalidad de Música que otorga la Comunidad de Madrid (2007)
 Mejor Cantante Femenina de Opera por la Fundación Premio Líricos Teatro Campoamor (2011)
 Premio Nacional de Música concedido por el Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte de España (2015)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Entrevista en la Verdad de Murcia, 2010
Entrevista en Mujeres.es, 2011
 Artículo Premio Nacional de Música en El Mundo, 2015

Mezzosopranos de España
Mezzosopranos y Contraltos en el Teatro Real
Cantantes de Madrid
Músicos clásicos del siglo XX de España
Músicos clásicos del siglo XXI de España
Nacidos en Madrid
Ganadores del Premio Nacional de Música (España)

María José Montiel


é um fotógrafo japonês. Sato é conhecido por suas expressões incomuns de luz e espaço e interpretações de performance e dança. Recebendo seu MFA e BFA em Música e Belas Artes da Universidade das Artes de Tóquio em 1981, Sato foi originalmente formado como escultor.

Reconhecido pela interação lúdica da luz, Sato utiliza uma câmera de grande formato para exposições que duram de uma a três horas, enquanto se movimenta pelo espaço criando linhas iluminadas desenhadas com lanternas. Os resultados são fotografias detalhadas interrompidas por padrões de luz. E por causa das longas exposições, os movimentos de Sato pela cena permanecem indetectáveis pela câmera; a fotografia captura sua presença, mas não sua imagem.

As fotografias de Sato são exibidas em todo o mundo em museus públicos e privados, incluindo o Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (Nova York); o Museu de Arte do Condado de Los Angeles; o Museu de Belas-Artes de Houston; o Museu de Arte de Cleveland; Museu Hara de Arte Contemporânea (Tóquio) entre outros. Ele fez exposições individuais em museus nos Estados Unidos: no Cleveland Museum of Art (2003), no  Art Institute of Chicago (2005) e no Frist Center for the Visual Arts em Nashville (2010).

Atualmente é professor no Departamento de Arte Intermídia da Universidade de Artes de Tóquio.

Livros

 Tokihiro Sato: Trees, Leslie Tonkonow Artworks + Projects, Nova York, 2010. .
 Sato, Tokihiro. Hikari – kokyū (). Livros Nikon Salon 24. Tóquio: Nikon, 1997.
 Sato, Tokihiro. Hikari – kokyū () / Foto – Respiração. Tóquio: Bijutsu Shupan, 1997.ISBN 4-568-12060-8 .
 Sato Tokihiro no manazashi "Hikari – kokyū" ( ). Sakata: Sakatashi Bijutsukan, 1999.
 Come. Kokyū suru fūkei () / Paisagens que respiram. [Urawa]: Saitama Kenritsu Kindai Bijutsukan, 1999.
 SIEGEL, Elizabeth. Respiração Fotográfica: Fotografias de Tokihiro Sato. Chicago: The Art Institute of Chicago, 2005.ISBN 0-86559-217-9 .

Notas

Referências

  Gendai shashin no keifu II (現代写真の系譜II) / História das Fotos Modernas II. Nikon Salon Books 28. Tóquio: Nikon, Nikkor Club, 2001. Pp. 90 – 92. Somente em japonês, apesar do título alternativo em inglês.
 Nihon no shashin: Uchi naru katachi, soto naru katachi. 3: Gendai no keshiki, 1980 – 95 (日本の写真:内なるかたち・外なるかたち第3部:現代の1980~95) / Fotografia japonesa: Form In/Out. 3: Cenário Contemporâneo – 1980-90. Tóquio: Museu Metropolitano de Fotografia de Tóquio, 1996. Catálogo da exposição, textos e legendas em japonês e inglês.
  Nihon shashinka jiten (日本写真家事典) / 328 excelentes fotógrafos japoneses. Kyoto: Tankōsha, 2000. P. 156. Apesar do título alternativo em inglês, o texto é todo em japonês.
 Tucker, Anne Wilkes, et ai. A História da Fotografia Japonesa. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003..

Ligações externas

 Tokihiro Sato em Leslie Tonkonow Artworks + Projects, Nova York
 Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Nashville, Tennessee.
 A Misteriosa Luz de Tokihiro Sato
 " Respirar luz ": exemplos do trabalho de Sato.
 Ono, Philbert. Revisão de Foto-Respiração . Guia de fotos Japão.
 Ono, Philbert. " Satoh Tokihiro ". Guia de fotos Japão.

Fotógrafos do Japão
!Artigos com texto em japonês

Tokihiro Satō