NGC 370 este o stea triplă situată în constelația Peștii. A fost descoperită în 7 octombrie 1861 de către Heinrich Louis d'Arrest. NGC 370 este probabil să fie de fapt NGC 372.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 369
 NGC 371

Legături externe
 NGC 370 pe WikiSky
 NGC 370 pe spider.seds.org

Stele triple
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Peștii
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1861
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de Heinrich d'Arrest

NGC 370


Vaterpolo klub Albamaris (VK Albamaris; Albamaris; Albamaris Biograd; Albamaris Biograd na Moru) je muški vaterpolski klub iz Biograda na Moru, Zadarska županija.

O klubu
Klub je osnovan 2009. godine, zbog činjenice da je postojeći gradski klub  "Biograd" član 1. B lige koja se pretežno igra u hladnijem dijelu godine (zima i proljeće), koja je poluprofesionalna i na višoj razini od liga koje se igraju ljeti, te kako u Biogradu nema natkrivenog bazena, te je stoga klub morao na utakmice i treninge ići u Zadar i Šibenik, zbog čega su pojedini igrači morali prekidati bavljenje vaterpolom zbog radnih ili školskih obaveza zbog kojih se ne bi mogli adekvatno natjecati u 1. B ligi. Također je tako Biograd ostao i bez seniorskih utakmica ljeti (u 2. HVL i 3. HVL), koje su bile posjećene.
Klub je s ligaškim natjecanjima počeo 2010. godine u 3. HVL - skupina Šibenik. Razvio je također i blisku suradnju s "Biogradom", koji mu je ustupljivao pojedine rezultate. Klub se također natjecao i u regionalnoj Alpe Adria ligi (koju je osvojio u sezoni 2013./14.), te od 2016./17. u Vaterpolskoj amaterskoj ligi (VAL).

Uspjesi
 Alpe Adria liga
 pobjednik: 2013./14.

Pregled plasmana

Poznati igrači

Poznati treneri

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Biograd na Moru
 Vaterpolski klub Biograd

Vanjske poveznice
 Waterpolo club Albamaris Biograd n/m, facebook stranica
 hvs.hr, Albamaris, profil kluba
 zadarskilist.hr, , vk albamaris
 ezadar.rtl.hr, Vijesti na temu "vk albamaris biograd"
 hrvaliga.wordpress.com, Ekipe VAL lige

Izvori

 bisnode.hr, VATERPOLO KLUB ALBAMARIS
 fininfo.hr, VK ALBAMARIS
 zadarskilist.hr, Albamaris kreće iz Treće lige, objavljeno 16. prosinca 2009., pristupljeno 4. studenog 2018.
 zadarskilist.hr, Neopterećeni u debitantsku sezonu, objavljeno 8. srpnja 2010., pristupljeno 4. studenog 2018.
 ezadar.rtl.hr, Predstavljamo: Vaterpolo klub Albamaris Biograd, objavljeno 23. kolovoza 2010., pristupljeno 4. studenog 2018.
 zadarskilist.hr, Albamaris Biograd spreman, objavljeno 29. lipnja 2011., pristupljeno 4. studenog 2018.
 narodni-list.hr, Momčad VK Albamaris-Biograd: Idemo po "Alpe-Adria" pokal!, objavljeno 29. studenog 2015., pristupljeno 4. studenog 2018.

Albamaris
Albamaris

VK Albamaris Biograd na Moru


Freestyle skiløb ved vinter-OL 2018 bliver afholdt i Bokwang Phoenix Park i Pyeongchang, Sydkorea. Konkurrencerne afholdes i perioden 9. – 23. februar 2018. Der er i alt 10 discipliner.

Konkurrenceprogram
Der er lagt følgende konkurrenceprogram for de 10 konkurrencer. Alle tider er Koreatid (UTC+9).

Medaljer

Medaljeoversigt

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 https://www.pyeongchang2018.com/en/sports/freestyle-skiing

Sportsgrene under vinter-OL 2018

Freestyle skiløb under vinter-OL 2018


Boulevard des Italiens este unul dintre cele patru "grands boulevards" din Paris, o rețea rutieră ce se întinde pe direcția est-vest și include, de asemenea, Boulevard de la Madeleine, Boulevard des Capucines și Boulevard Montmartre. La originea numelui se află Théâtre des Italiens, construit în 1783, cu puțin timp înainte de Revoluția Franceză (înlocuit acum de Opéra-Comique).

Istoric
Bulevardul a purtat în cursul timpului următoarele nume:
 boulevard Neuf (= Bulevardul nou)
 boulevard du Dépôt (Bulevardul depozitului), din cauza prezenței aici a unei cazărmi instalate în 1764 la colțul cu rue de la Chaussée-d'Antin
 boulevard de la Chaussée-d'Antin
 boulevard Cerutti după numele unui hotel de pe bulevard (în timpul Revoluției Franceze)
 le petit Coblence ("micul Koblenz") după 1795, deoarece aici locuiau mulți emigranți reveniți la Franța în perioada Directoratului (Koblenz fusese o destinație populară de exil pentru ei)
 boulevard de Gand, pe o parte a bulevardului, sub cea de-a doua Restaurație bourbonică, din 1815 la 1828, în memoria exilului lui Ludovic al XVIII-lea la Gent în Cele o sută de zile.
În cursul secolului al XIX-lea bulevardul a fost un loc de întâlnire pentru elita elegantă a Parisului (un rol pe care l-a avut până la Primul Război Mondial).

Elita secolului al XIX-lea i-a înlocuit pe Muscadins și Merveilleuses din timpul Directoratului, pe Gandins în timpul Restaurației, pe Dandies în timpul domniei lui Ludovic-Filip I și pe femeile în crinolină în timpul celui de-al Doilea Imperiu.

Acea perioadă a fost, de asemenea, o epocă importantă pentru mai multe celebre Cafenele: Café de Paris, café Tortoni (café Tortoni din Buenos Aires își ia numele de la cafeneaua omonimă din Paris), café Frascati, café Français, Maison dorée printre altele. La momentul amenajării bulevardului Haussmann în anii 1920, aceste stabilimente comerciale au dispărut și au fost înlocuite de alte clădiri, ce găzduiau în special instituții financiare.

Locuri notabile

La intersecția cu rue Laffitte se deschide o vedere frumoasă a bazilicii Sacré-Coeur de Montmartre, care pare a fi situată deasupra Bisericii Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, deși, în fapt, este mult mai îndepărtată.

 nr. 8, Théâtre Robert-Houdin, fondat de către magicianul Jean Eugène Robert-Houdin și cumpărat și condus din 1888 de Georges Méliès.
 nr. 13, locul fostei Café Anglais (1802-1913), restaurant celebru din timpului celui de-al Doilea Imperiu, înlocuit de o clădire în stil Art Nouveau.
 nr. 16, locul fostei Café Riche (1791).
 nr. 19, sediul băncii Crédit Lyonnais, construit din 1876 până în 1913 în stil Haussmann.
 nr. 20, locul fostului restaurant de lux La Maison dorée (Casa aurită) (1839-1841). Acum se află aici sediul central al băncii BNP Paribas, proiectat de Joseph Marrast, care a păstrat fațada originală (exemplu de fațadism).
 nr. 22, locul fostei Café Tortoni de Paris.
 nr. 26, locul fostei Café de Bade.
 nr. 36, o clădire construită în 1929 de către Michel Roux-Spitz. Parterul era folosit ca sală de expozitii pentru mașinile Ford. Acum este un restaurant fast-food.
La colțul cu rue de la Chaussée d'Antin se afla Dépôt des Gardes-françaises (cazarma Gardienilor Francezi), construit de către colonelul duce de Biron în 1764. Clădirea a dat numele bulevardului pentru câțiva ani. Pe 12 iulie 1789, un pluton de gardieni l-a salvat pe colonelul Duchâtelet de revolta populară.

La colțul cu strada Louis-le-Grand se află Palais Berlitz, construit în stilul anilor 1930 în locul Pavillon de Hanovre din secolul al XVIII-lea, care a fost demontat și reconstruit în parcul Sceaux.

Galerie

Referințe

Legături externe

  Boulevard des Italiens on le site du Paris Pitoresque
  Old postcards of Boulevard des Italiens, with the former buildings and cafes

Arondismentul 2 din Paris
Arondismentul 9 din Paris
Străzi din Paris

Boulevard des Italiens


Războiul Lumilor: Goliat (titlu original: War of the Worlds: Goliath) este un film malaezian SF de animație din 2012  regizat de Joe Pearson. Este produs de Tripod Group și a fost lansat la 15 noiembrie 2012 în Malaezia. Rolurile de voce au fost interpretate de  actorii Peter Wingfield, Elizabeth Gracen, Jim Byrnes, Beau Billingslea, Tony Eusoff, Adam Baldwin, Mark Sheppard, Adrian Paul. Spre deosebire de alte filme Războiul Lumilor, acesta este o continuare vag bazată pe romanul lui H. G. Wells.  Titlul filmului, Goliat, se referă la o nouă armă bazată pe tripozii marțieni - un trepied de luptă din clasa Ahile bazat pe forța aburului, având 65 de picioare înălțime, fiind înarmat cu mitraliere grele și șase rachete, o rază de căldură și un tun de 88 mm.

Prezentare

Filmul are loc într-o realitate alternativă a Pământului.  Punctul de divergență îl reprezintă invazia marțiană neprovocată din 1899 care a ucis peste 180 de milioane de oameni. În Leeds, Anglia, tânărul Eric Wells asistă neputincios și cu groază cum părinții săi sunt uciși  de un Tripod Marțian. În cele din urmă prima invazie este stopată de microbii tereștri. Tehnologia marțiană este analizată de cercetătorii tereștri, umanitatea având parte de un uriaș salt tehnologic în comparație cu istoria noastră.

15 ani mai târziu, în 1914,  Manhattan, New York  este o lume dieselpunk/steampunk. O alianță militară  globală a fost fondată -Allied Resistance Earth Squadron (A.R.E.S.) - pentru a opri viitoarele invazii marțiene. Un grup nou de tripozi militari tereștri este organizat: căpitanul acestuia este Eric Wells, colegii săi din subordine sunt locotenentul american   Jennifer Carter, caporalul irlandez  Patrick O'Brien, sergentul canadian   Abraham Douglas și locotenentul malaezian Raja Iskandar Shah. A.R.E.S. este comandat de generalul rus  Sergei Kushnirov (care și-a pierdut familia sa în fața marțienilor în 1899 la St. Petersburg), de secretarul de război Theodore Roosevelt și de profesorul Nikola Tesla. Tesla este cel care a adaptat tehnologia marțiană în noi arme. vehicule și noi forme de energie.

Are loc Atentatul de la Sarajevo dar Primul Război Mondial din realitatea noastră este oprit de o nouă invazie marțiană - aceștia folosesc tripozi și arme mult mai puternice și sunt imuni deja la microbii tereștri.

Distribuție
 Peter Wingfield - Eric Wells
 Adrian Paul - Patrick O'Brien
 Adam Baldwin - Wilson
 Elizabeth Grace - Jennifer Carter
 Jim Byrnes - Theodore Roosevelt
 Beau Billingslea  - Abraham Douglas
 James Arnold Taylor - ofițer german
 Joey D'Auria - Manfred von Richthofen
 Matt Letscher - Capt. Manfred von Richtofen

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 Dieselpunk

Filme din 2012
Filme malaeziene
Filme în limba engleză
Filme regizate de Joe Pearson
Filme SF din anii 2010
Filme de animație
Filme Războiul Lumilor
Filme cu invazii extraterestre
Filme bazate pe opera lui H. G. Wells
Filme 3D
Filme bazate pe romane științifico-fantastice
Dieselpunk
Steampunk
Filme ucronice
Filme bazate pe Războiul lumilor
Istorie alternativă

War of the Worlds: Goliath


The Way I Like It (deutsch: "Die Art, wie ich es mag") ist ein Popsong der deutsch-italienischen Sängerin Mandy Capristo und zugleich die Titelmelodie zum Kinofilm Türkisch für Anfänger. Das Stück wurde 2012 auf Capristos Debütalbum Grace veröffentlicht und vorab als Single ausgekoppelt. Es wurde von David Jost und Twin geschrieben und produziert.

Hintergrund

Mandy Capristo veröffentlichte am 1. März eine kurze Snippet Version der Single. Am 14. März konnten Zuschauer von Let's Dance erneut einen neuen Ausschnitt des Songs hören. Am 15. März wurde eine Akustikversion des Liedes vorgestellt, die ebenfalls auf der Single erschien. Capristo äußerte sich zur Single-Auswahl: "Es sind so viele Songs gewesen, die auf mich zugeschrieben waren, die wir zusammen geschrieben haben oder die ich geschrieben habe, aber als ich 'The Way I Like It' gehört habe, dachte ich: 'Das ist es!' Das ist einfach für mich die schönste Single."

Videodreh
Das Video wurde erstmals am 5. April auf MyVideo ausgestrahlt. Der Regisseur war Lennart Brede, der auch schon für Monrose das Video zu This Is Me gedreht hat. Insgesamt dauerte der Dreh über 20 Stunden, und es wurden drei verschiedene Einstellungen ausgewählt. Zu Beginn läuft Capristo in einem rosafarbenen Haute-Couture-Kleid durch die Pforten der Ruine der Beelitzer Heilstätten. Capristo sagte: "Wir wollten einen Kontrast zu einem Haute-Couture-Kleid bekommen und sind in eine alte Ruine gegangen und haben da gedreht. Es ist auf jeden Fall sehr kalt gewesen." Schließlich bewegt sie sich tanzend durch die Gemäuer des Bauwerks. Dabei werden traumartige Flashbacks in schwarzweiß eingespielt. Sie liegt in den Armen eines unbekannten Mannes und umgarnt diesen mit ihren Blicken.

Zum Schluss beginnt es durch die Dächer des alten Gebäudes zu regnen, sodass sie komplett nass wird. "Ich musste um 3.30 Uhr in der Nacht noch eine Regenszene machen. Das Wasser dafür war nicht beheizt." Außerdem werden ebenfalls Aufnahmen in schwarzweiß gezeigt, die sie in einem schwarzen Outfit auf einem Sims des Schlosses zeigen. Beendet wird das Video mit der Szene, in der der unbekannte Mann Capristo aus einem Raum trägt. Es wird schwarz abgeblendet.

Kritik
 Bravo.de sagt, es sei eine grandiose Single und ein perfekter Start nach dem Aus von Monrose.
 Das Musikmagazin Yagaloo war überrascht über den Sinneswandel Capristos. Sie hätten eine Ballade erwartet, sind trotz alledem begeistert von dem neuen Sound. Ebenso offenbaren sie, dass der Text sehr einfach gestrickt sei, dennoch im Ohr bleibe.
 Negative Kritik kam jedoch ebenso vom Musikmagazin Yagaloo, das die Ähnlichkeit mit Rihanna und Beyoncé Knowles kritisiert.

Chartplatzierungen

Quellen

Weblinks
 Mandy Capristo – The Way I Like It (Akustik-Version)
 Mandy Capristo – The Way I Like It (Video)

Popsong
Lied 2012
Lied von David Jost

The Way I Like It


El término autosómico recesivo describe a uno de los patrones de herencia clásicos o mendelianos y se caracteriza por no presentar el fenómeno de dominancia genética. En este patrón de herencia el fenotipo que caracteriza al alelo recesivo se encuentra codificado un gen cuyo locus se encuentra ubicado en alguno de los autosomas o cromosomas no determinantes del sexo. Este alelo recesivo no se manifiesta si se encuentra acompañado por un alelo dominante.

Es decir, que por este mecanismo una determinada característica heredable se transmite en una forma que puede ser predicha sin tener en consideración el sexo del descendiente. Además, para que esta característica heredable se exprese es necesario que el descendiente reciba el gen de ambos progenitores.

Si un rasgo, trastorno o enfermedad es autosómico recesivo, significa que un individuo debe recibir el alelo mutado de ambos padres para heredar el rasgo, trastorno o enfermedad.

Patrón de herencia
Los linajes donde se segrega una característica autosómica recesiva muestran un árbol genealógico característico en el que, llama la atención la aparición de una determinada característica en un individuo proveniente de dos familias sin antecedentes cercanos, por regla general los individuos que la expresan son pocos y los que la expresan no suelen tener un progenitor afectado.

En la herencia autosómica recesiva, se cumplen los siguientes hechos:

Pocos individuos afectados.
Los afectados no suelen ser hijos de afectados (a excepción de unos muy escasos casos de disomía uniparental).
Se afectan por igual hombres y mujeres.
Como regla, de una cruza entre un individuo afectado y uno no afectado y no portador, ninguno de los descendientes hereda la afección, pero todos ellos son portadores.
De una cruza entre un individuo afectado y uno no afectado pero portador, existe un 50% de probabilidad de que un descendiente se encuentre afectado, y los restantes resultan portadores pero sin heredar la afección.
De una cruza entre dos individuos portadores, existe un 25% de probabilidad de que un descendiente se encuentre afectado, un 50% de que resulten portadores pero sin manifestar la afección, y un 25% de probabilidad de no presentar ningún alelo recesivo.
Los individuos sanos pueden tener hijos con la mutación.
Hay hombres afectados hijos de hombres afectados (lo cual excluye la posibilidad de que el gen causante de la afección se encuentre ubicado en el cromosoma X, que en los varones procede de la madre).
La característica puede saltar varias generaciones sin manifestarse.
El patrón ofrece un aspecto casi aleatorio.
La característica es más común entre progenitores con algún grado de consanguinidad, y es más probable cuanto mayor sea el grado de esta.

En este caso los individuos afectados son usualmente homocigóticos y tienen un riesgo del 100% en cada intento reproductivo de que su hijo herede el gen en forma portadora independientemente del sexo de los mismos. En algunos casos los afectados son heterocigóticos compuestos, es decir que presentan 2 versiones diferentes de alelos anómalos, pero ninguno corriente.

Algunas características autosómicas recesivas

 Cabello lacio o fino
 Labios finos
 Nariz fina
 Ojos claros
 Pabellones auriculares grandes
 Piel lampiña
 Lóbulos de la oreja sueltos
 Dedo del pie más grande que segundo dedo del pie

Algunas enfermedades con herencia autosómica recesiva

 Alcaptonuria
 Anemia de células falciformes
 Anemia de Fanconi
 Cistinosis
 Enfermedad de Gaucher
 Enfermedad de Niemann-Pick
 Enfermedad de Refsum
 Enfermedad de Stargardt
 Enfermedad de Wilson
 Enfermedad de Wolman
 Fenilcetonuria
 Fibrosis quística
 Fiebre mediterránea familiar
 Insensibilidad congénita al dolor con anhidrosis (HSAN IV)
 Porfiria
 Síndrome de Bloom
 Síndrome de Chédiak-Higashi
 Síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos
 Síndrome de Lucey-Driscoll
 Síndrome de Werner
 Trimetilaminuria
 Albinismo

Véase también
 Autosómico dominante
 Dominancia genética
 Herencia genética
 Leyes de Mendel

Referencias

Genética clásica

Autosómico recesivo


Karl Renner () a fost un om politic austriac, care a îndeplinit funcțiile de cancelar federal (1918-1919, 1945) și de președinte al Austriei (1945-1950).

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1870
Decese în 1950
Politicieni austrieci
Președinți ai Austriei
Cancelari ai Austriei
Miniștri de externe ai Austriei
Nașteri pe 14 decembrie
Decese pe 31 decembrie
Oameni din regiunea Moravia de Sud

Karl Renner


24671 Frankmartin este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
24671 Frankmartin este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Tautenburg de Freimut Börngen. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,00 ua, o excentricitate de 0,12 și o înclinație de 11,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 24001-25000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Familia Eos

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1989
Centura de asteroizi

24671 Frankmartin


Leribè is a district of Lesotho. It has an area of 2,828 km2 and a population in 2016 of approximately 337,500. Hlotse is the capital or camptown of the district. The district has one additional town, namely Maputsoe. In the west, Leribe borders on the Free State Province of South Africa.  Domestically, it borders Butha-Buthe District in the north, Mokhotlong District in the east, Thaba-Tseka District in southeast and Berea District in southwest.

As of 2006, the district had a population of 293,369 which was 15.63 per cent of the total population of the country. As of 2008, 48% of the population in the district were economically active. There were 191,052 employed people out of a total of 401,258 people in the district above 15 years of age.

Demographics
As of 2006, the district had a population of 293,369, 15.63 per cent of the population of the country. The area of the district is 2,828 km2, 9.32% of the total area of the country. The population density in the district was 104 persons per square kilometre, compared to 62 for the country. There were thirteen constituencies and eighteen community councils in the district. As of 2006, 704 people tested HIV positive, 29.70% of the HIV-positive persons in the country.  270 of these (28.3%) were men; 433 (30.6%) were women.

Geography
In the west, Leribe borders on the Free State Province of South Africa.  Domestically, it borders on the following districts: Butha-Buthe District in the north, Mokhotlong District in the east, Thaba-Tseka District in southeast and Berea District in southwest. The Western districts of Lesotho has a predominantly low land zone with an elevation of  to  above the sea level. These lands are the major agricultural zones in the country. The average annual rainfall in the country is , most of which is received during the rainy season of October to April. Though it rains during all the months of the year, groundwater is limited on account of run-offs. The region has a temperate climate on account of the elevation and is humid during most parts of the year. The temperature in the low lands vary from  to  in the winter.

Economy

As of 2008, there were 48 per cent economically active people in the district. There were totally 191,052 employed people out of a total of 401,258 people in the district above 15 years of age. The employed population in the age group of 6–14 years was 4,658 out of a total of 114,078 people in the district in the age group. The labour force participation stood at 189.30. The number of people involved in subsistence agriculture is 3,676 and the number of people in other sectors was 982. The number of unemployed people in the district was 61,046 and the unemployment rate was 073. The total area planted in 2009 was 27,059 which formed 6.70 per cent of the total area planted in the country. The total production was 12,006 tonnes, which was 7.97 per cent of the totals in the country. The major crop was maize, while wheat, sorghum, beans and peas were the other crops planted. The total production of maize was 9,540 tonnes, beans was 503 tonnes, sorghum was 065 tonnes, peas was 1,368 tonnes and wheat was 530 tonnes as of 2008. As of 2007, there were a total of  of paved roads in the district, with  paved roads and  of unpaved roads.

Administration

Constituencies of Leribe District are Hlotse, Kolonyama, Likhetlane, Mahobong, Maliba-Matšo, Maputsoe, Matlakeng, Mohobollo, Mphosong, Peka, Pela-Tšoeu, Thaba Phatšoa and  Tsikoane. Community councils of Leribe District are Fenyane, Hleoheng, Khomokhoana, Limamarela, Linare, Litjotjela, Maisa-Phoka, Malaoaneng, Manka, Matlameng, Menkhoaneng, Motati, Mphorosane, Pitseng, Sephokong, Serupane, Seshote and Tsoilitsoili. As per the 1968 Local Government Repeal Act - Development Committees Order No.9 of 1986, a District Development Committee (DDC) should have a set of Ward Development Committees (WDC) for each ward and Village Development Committees (VDC) under it. Each VDC has a set of seven elected members and the head would be an ex-officio member and chairman of the committee. The WDC is composed of twelve members elected from about VDCs, whose chairman would be and ex-officio member. The fifteen-membered DDC is elected by the members of WDC. When there are cases of more than one DDC, the chiefs would alternate in meetings. The district secretary co-ordinates the activities of the various committees. As per the Local Government Amendment Act 2004, the District Development Coordination Committee was established as the supreme body of district administration, under which all the district councils were branched. The urban and municipal councils were under each district council, which in turn had community councils under it. The Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) is responsible for the administration of the Local Government Elections. The nation's first local government elections were conducted in April 2005, while the most recent elections were held in October 2011. During these elections, 64 community councils, 11 urban councils and one municipal council were elected.

References

External links

Districts of Lesotho

Leribe District


Paul Bial de Bellerade est un militaire et archéologue français né le  à Collonges en Corrèze et mort le  à Toulouse.

Biographie
Paul Bial naît à Collonges en 1820. Il a une sœur aînée et une cadette. Leur père, Jean-Pierre, est un officier corrézien blessé à quatre reprises dans les campagnes napoléoniennes et qui a terminé sa carrière au grade de lieutenant-colonel, décoré de la Légion d'honneur par l'Empereur lui-même. La mère, Marie Thérèse Malepeyre, est originaire de Brives. Jean-Pierre a acheté une propriété près de Meyssac (un village dont il est le maire après sa retraite militaire) et s'y est fait construire une vaste habitation, nommée Bellerade.

Carrière militaire
Embrassant lui aussi la carrière des armes, Paul Bial intègre l'École polytechnique en 1840. Après l'École d'application de l'artillerie et du génie il est affecté au 6e puis au  régiment d'artillerie en 1844. En décembre 1850 il est promu capitaine, puis nommé en 1855 aux forges de l'Est à Besançon.

Impliqué dans l'expédition de Crimée contre la Russie avec le  régiment d'artillerie, il prend part à la prise de Sébastopol. Ses faits d'armes lui valent la Légion d'honneur en 1856.

De retour en France, il enseigne les principes de fortification à l'école d'artillerie de Besançon puis à celle de l'État-Major. Après avoir été promu chef d'escadron en 1867, il combat en 1870 à Reischoffen, Bazeilles (où il repousse une charge de uhlans dirigée contre ses canons) et Sedan. Fait prisonnier par les Prussiens il est interné à Wiesbaden du 2 septembre 1870 au 10 avril 1871. Il est promu en 1871 au rang d'officier de la Légion d'honneur et mis en retraite de l'armée en mars 1877.

Carrière scientifique
Après sa retraite, Bial devient ingénieur de l'État à Espalion, puis enseigne les mathématiques à Toulouse.

Il se passionne pour l'archéologie celtique et gallo-romaine. Il procède notamment à des fouilles de tumulus au Puy d'Issolud et s'intéresse à la question de la localisation d'Alésia. Au gré de ses affectations, il appartient à plusieurs sociétés savantes d'envergure régionale, comme la Société d'émulation du Doubs et la Société scientifique, historique et archéologique de la Corrèze.

Il meurt à Toulouse le . Il est alors veuf de Alide-Marie Beynet qu'il avait épousée le  et laisse un fils et deux filles.

Décorations
  le 26 avril 1856 ;
  le 31 mai 1871 ;
  Médaille de Crimée () ;
  Médaille de la valeur de Sardaigne ().

Publications
  ;
  ;
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  ;
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  ;
  ;
 .

Voir aussi

Référence

Naissance en décembre 1820
Naissance en Corrèze
Décès en février 1903
Décès à 82 ans
Décès à Toulouse
Archéologue français
Commandant français

Paul Bial de Bellerade


Leichttraktor (Vs.Kfz.31) je bio njemački eksperimentalni tenk.

Njemačkoj je, nakon Prvog svjetskog rata, Versajskim ugovorom, zabranjena proizvodnja i korištenje oklopnih vozila. Unatoč tome, Njemačka, tajnim programom, kodnog imena "Traktor", razvija oklopna vozila i topništvo. Motor na ovom tenku bio je s prednje strane, a kupola sa stražnje strane. Tvrtke Rheinmetall i Krupp proizvele su prototip, a 1928. godine, tvrtka Rheinmetall dobila je narudžbu za proizvodnju 289 tenkova, međutim narudžba je poništena.

Testiranje je napravljeno u Sovjetskom Savezu, a omogućeno je Rapallskim ugovorom, koji su dvije države potpisale 1922. Mjesto testiranja, korišteno između 1926. i 1933. bila je Panzertruppenschule Kama, (zajedničko mjesto testiranja Crvene armije i Reichswehra) u blizini grada Kazanj.

Leichttraktor (hr. laki traktor) bilo je kodno ime za sva tri dizajna tenka proizvedena u Kami. U ranim godinama Drugog svjetskog rata, korišteni su kao tenkovi za obuku.

Njemački laki tenkovi u Drugom svjetskom ratu

Leichttraktor


Quilós es una localidad del municipio de Cacabelos, en la comarca de El Bierzo, en la provincia de León, Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León, (España).

Quilós se encuentra próximo a las localidades de Cacabelos, Villabuena, San Clemente y Arborbuena.

Historia

Al norte de la ribera más extensa del Municipio de Cacabelos y de camino a Arganza y Fabero se encuentra Quilós.

Quilós es conocido como la "Venecia del Bierzo" por la cantidad de canales de riego que lo atraviesan, desviando así el agua desde el río cúa a su paso por "El muro nuevo".

Tiene su origen en los tiempos prerromanos de los Castros Vizcaíno y Picón que lo limitan y resguardan por el Noreste. Su extraño nombre se relaciona con el Castellum Queledini de Época Romana y fue el Quilous del .

Cuenta la leyenda que en tiempos prerromanos, estos ocultaron un corzo de oro bajo una roca que ningún hombre sería capaz de retirar.

La patrona del pueblo es Santa Colomba, que da nombre a su iglesia. También tiene una ermita dedicada a San Antonio, del s.XX, aunque esta construcción es nueva, muy cerca se localizaba la antigua.

Las fiestas patronales se celebran el día 10 de agosto (San Lorenzo), aunque también son conocidas las fiestas de Santo Tirso (28 de enero), la bendición de los panes en las Candelas (2 de febrero) y San Isidro Labrador (15 de mayo), donde los agricultores engalanan sus tractores con xestas y toxos y salen en procesión por el pueblo.

Situación

Se encuentra próximo a las localidades de Villabuena, San Clemente y Arborbuena.

Evolución demográfica

Referencias

Localidades de El Bierzo Bajo
Localidades de Cacabelos

Quilós


Sambava ist der Hauptort der Region Sava an der Nordostküste von Madagaskar. Sambava ist eines der Zentren des madagassischen Vanillehandels.

Nachbarorte sind Vohémar und Antalaha. Die nächste größere Stadt ist Antsiranana (Diego Suarez). Sambava hat einen Flughafen; derzeit (2016) mit Verbindungen nach mehreren nord-madagassischen Städten und der Hauptstadt Antananarivo.

Natur
Der Nationalpark Marojejy befindet sich in der Nähe von Sambava.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Region Sava
Ort in Afrika

Sambava (Stadt)


Raman ist ein kleiner Einschlagkrater auf der nordwestlichen Mondvorderseite in der Ebene des Oceanus Procellarum, nordöstlich des Kraters Schiaparelli und nordwestlich von Herodotus.
Westlich von Raman liegen die Höhenrücken der Dorsa Burnet, im Norden liegen die Montes Agricola.

Der Krater ist mäßig erodiert. Der Rand wird im Südwesten von einem kleineren Krater überlagert, so dass die Kraterform insgesamt oval erscheint.

Der Krater wurde 1976 von der IAU nach dem indischen Physiker C. V. Raman offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Raman auf The-Moon Wiki

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Raman (Mondkrater)


Geografia da Suécia
 Blekinge — província histórica
 Blekinge — condado atual
 Arquipélago de Blekinge – arquipélago localizado a sul da costa da província histórica de Blekinge

Ferrovias
 Linha costeira de Blekinge - ferrovia eletrificada de via única entre as cidades de Kristianstad (Escânia) e Karlskrona (Blekinge), no sul da Suécia

Militar
 Esquadrão de Blekinge - uma unidade da Força Aérea da Suécia em Kallinge

Museus
 Museu de Blekinge – museu regional em Karlskrona
Desambiguação

Blekinge (desambiguação)


Giuseppe Giulietti peut faire référence à:
 Giuseppe Giulietti (1879-1953) est un syndicaliste et un homme politique italien
 Giuseppe Giulietti (1953- ) est un journaliste, syndicaliste et homme politique italien.
 Giuseppe Maria Giulietti (1847-1881) est un géographe et explorateur italien.

Giuseppe Giulietti


ديفيد نيومان  (مواليد 11 مارس 1954 في لوس أنجلوس، كاليفورنيا) هو ملحن أمريكي، يؤلف في الغالب موسيقى للأفلام. ديفيد هو ابن ملحن موسيقى الأفلام الأمريكي ألفريد نيومان، وأخ توماس نيومان، وابن عم الملحن راندي نيومان اللذان يعملان أيضا في مجال التلحين. بدأ ديفيد العزف على الكمان باكرًا، ودرس في جامعة جنوب كاليفورنيا وتخرج منها كقائد أوركسترا. رُشّح لجائزة الأوسكار عن فيلم أناستاسيا.

حياته و عمله

ولد ديفيد في لوس أنجلوس، كاليفورنيا، لوالدته لمارثا لويز ابنة ولاية مسيسبي، وملحن هوليوود ألفريد نيومان. رٌوّح ديفيد لجائزة الأوسكار عن فيلم أناستازيا. انتخب ديفيد نيومان رئيسًا لجمعية موسيقيي الأفلام في فبراير 2007. ديفيد متزوج من كريستينا نيومان ولهما ولد.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص في استديوهات بلو سكاي
أشخاص من لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)
أعلام بيكسار
أمريكيون من أصل يهودي روسي
ملحنون أمريكيون يهود
مواليد 1954
مواليد في لوس أنجلوس
موسيقيون من لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام أمريكيون
يهود أمريكيون في القرن 20
يهود أمريكيون في القرن 21
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام أمريكيون ذكور

ديفيد نيومان (ملحن)


Agrilus patawaensis é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Curletti & Brûlé, 2011.

Referências

patawaensis

Agrilus patawaensis


Paphos ( ;  ; ) is a coastal city in southwest Cyprus and the capital of Paphos District. In classical antiquity, two locations were called Paphos: Old Paphos, today known as Kouklia, and New Paphos.

The current city of Paphos lies on the Mediterranean coast, about  west of Limassol (the biggest port on the island), both of which are connected by the A6 highway. Paphos International Airport is the country's second-largest airport. The city has a subtropical-Mediterranean climate, with the mildest temperatures on the island.

In 1980, Paphos was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List for its ancient architecture, mosaics, and ancient religious importance. It was selected as a European Capital of Culture for 2017 along with Aarhus.

History

Foundation myth
In the founding myth, the town's name is linked to the goddess Aphrodite, as the eponymous Paphos was the son (or, in Ovid, daughter) of  Pygmalion whose ivory cult image of Aphrodite was brought to life by the goddess as "milk-white" Galatea.

The author of Bibliotheke gives the genealogy. Pygmalion was so devoted to the cult of Aphrodite that he took the statue to his palace and kept it on his couch. The daimon of the goddess entered into the statue, and the living Galatea bore Pygmalion a son, Paphos, and a daughter, Metharme. Cinyras, debated as to if he is the son of Paphos or Metharme's suitor, founded the city under Aphrodite's patronage and built the great temple to the goddess there. According to another legend preserved by Strabo (xi. p. 505), it was founded by the Amazons.

Old Paphos

Old Paphos (Palaepaphos), now known as Kouklia (;  or ; ) (Engel, Kypros, vol. i. p. 125), is on a hill to the east of the modern city. It had a road which spanned a few miles to the sea. It was not far from the Zephyrium promontory  and the mouth of the Bocarus stream.

Archaeology shows that Old Paphos has been inhabited since the Neolithic period. It was a centre for Aphrodite's cult. Aphrodite's mythical birthplace was on the island. The founding myth is interwoven with the goddess such that Old Paphos became the most famous and important place for worshipping Aphrodite in the ancient world.

The Greek names of two ancient kings, Etevandros and Akestor, are attested in Cypriot syllabary on objects of seventh century BC found in Kourion.

Aphrodite and Paphos

The Greeks agreed that Aphrodite had landed at the site of Paphos when she rose from the sea. According to Pausanias (i. 14), although her worship was introduced to Paphos from Syria, it was much more likely that it was of Phoenician origin. Before being proven by archaeology it was thought that Aphrodite's cult had been established before the time of Homer (c. 700 BC), as the grove and altar of Aphrodite at Paphos are mentioned in the Odyssey (viii. 362). Archaeology established that Cypriots venerated a fertility goddess in a cult that combined Aegean and eastern mainland aspects before the arrival of the mainland Greeks. Female figurines and charms found in the immediate vicinity date back to the early third millennium. The temenos was well established before the first structures were erected in the Late Bronze Age:

Old Paphos was the centre of worshipping Aphrodite for the whole Aegean world. The Cinyradae, or descendants of Cinyras, were the chief priests; Greek by name but of Phoenician origin. Their power and authority were great, but it may be inferred from certain inscriptions that they were controlled by a senate and an assembly of the people. There was also an oracle here. Few cities have ever been so much sung and glorified by the poets. The ruins of Aphrodite's vast sanctuary are still discernible, its circumference marked by huge foundation walls. After its destruction by an earthquake it was rebuilt by Vespasian, on whose coins it is represented, as well as on earlier and later ones, and in the style on those of Septimius Severus. From these representations and the existing ruins, Gustav Friedrich Hetsch, an architect of Copenhagen, has attempted to restore the building.

New Paphos

New Paphos (Nea Paphos) was founded on the sea near a natural harbour. It lay about 60 stadia or 12 km northwest of the old city. It also had a founding myth: it was said to have been founded by Agapenor, chief of the Arcadians at the siege of Troy, who, after the capture of the city, was driven out by the storm that separated the Greek fleet onto the coast of Cyprus. (Pausanias viii. 5. § 2.) An Agapenor was mentioned as king of the Paphians in a Greek distich preserved in the Analecta; and Herodotus (vii. 90) alludes to an Arcadian "colony" in Cyprus.

In reality, it was probably founded by Nicocles (d. 306 BC), the last king of Palaepaphos, based on an inscription recording his founding of the temple of Artemis Agrotera at Nea Paphos. The inhabitants of Marion were probably also transferred to this new city after its destruction in 312 BC by Ptolemy. A hoard of unused silver coins (in the Cyprus museum) found under the Hellenistic House dating back to the end of the 4th century BC are the earliest find at the site and indicates its founding date.

Old Paphos always retained the pre-eminence in worship of Aphrodite, and Strabo states that the road leading to it from New Paphos was annually crowded with male and female votaries travelling to the ancient shrine, and coming not only from the New Paphos, but also from other towns of Cyprus. When Seneca said (N. Q. vi. 26, Epistle 91) that Paphos was nearly destroyed by an earthquake, it is difficult to say to which of the towns he refers. Dio Cassius (liv. 23) relates that it was restored by Augustus, and called "Augusta" in his honor; but though this name has been preserved in inscriptions, it never supplanted the ancient one in popular use.

An inscription from the 80s BC speaks of a certain Onesander of Paphos being appointed to the Great Library of Alexandria.

According to the biblical Acts of the Apostles, after landing at Salamis and proclaiming the Word of God in the synagogues, the prophets and teachers, Barnabas and Saul of Tarsus, traveled along the entire southern coast of the island of Cyprus until they reached Paphos. There, Sergius Paulus, the Roman proconsul, was converted after Saul rebuked the Sorcerer Elymas. In Paphos, Acts first identifies Saul as Paul.

Tacitus (Hist. ii. 2, 3) records a visit of the youthful Titus to Paphos before he acceded to the empire, who inquired with much curiosity into its history and antiquities. (Cf. Suetonius Titus c. 5.) Under this name the historian included the ancient as well as the more modern city: and among other traits of the worship of the temple he records that the only image of the goddess was a pyramidal stone.

The sanctuary was closed during the persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire.

Archaeology

Paphos Archaeological Park covers most of the ancient Greek and Roman City and is a UNESCO World Heritage site for its ancient ruins.

The most significant remains so far discovered are four large and elaborate Roman villas: the House of Dionysos, the House of Orpheus, the House of Aion and the House of Theseus, all with preserved mosaic floors. In addition, excavations have uncovered an Agora, Asklepion, the Basilica of Panagia Limeniotissa, a theatre, and a necropolis known as the Tombs of the Kings.

Post-Classical history

Paphos gradually lost much of its attraction as an administrative centre, particularly after the founding of Nicosia. The city and its port continued to decline throughout the Middle Ages and Ottoman rule, as Nicosia, and the port city of Larnaca became more important.

The city and district continued to lose population throughout the British colonial period and many of its inhabitants moved to Limassol, Nicosia and overseas. The city and district of Paphos remained the most underdeveloped part of the island until 1974.

Modern Paphos

Following the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, there was rapid economic activity in all fields, especially tourism in the Kato Paphos area. The government invested heavily in irrigation dams and water distribution works, road infrastructure and the building of Paphos International Airport, the second international airport in Cyprus.

In the 1980s, Kato Paphos received most of the investment. In the 1990s, Coral Bay Resort was further developed and in the 2000s, the Aphrodite Hills resort was developed.

Today Paphos, with a population of about 35,961 (), is a popular tourist resort and is home to a fishing harbour. Ktima is the main residential district while Kato Paphos, by the sea, is built around the medieval port and contains most of the luxury hotels and the entertainment infrastructure of the city. Apostolou Pavlou Avenue (St. Paul's Avenue), the busiest road in Paphos, connects two quarters of the city. It begins near the city centre at Kennedy Square and ends outside the medieval fort at the harbour.

Economy
The economy of Paphos heavily depends on tourism and there are four resorts in the district: Kato Paphos, Coral Bay, Latchi, and Aphrodite Hills. The largest is Kato Paphos which employs over half of Paphos' population. Farming, especially banana, grape and tobacco cultivation, contributes significantly to Paphos' economy.

Landmarks

Paphos Castle stands by the harbor, and was originally a Byzantine fort built to protect the harbour. It was rebuilt by the Lusignans in the 13th century before being dismantled in 1570 by the Venetians, who were unable to defend it against the Ottomans who restored and strengthened it after capturing the island. Saranta Kolones, Kato Paphos, near the harbor, is a castle built in the first years of Lusignan rule (beginning of the 12th century) maybe on the site of a previous Byzantine castle. It was destroyed in the earthquake of 1222.

Among the treasures unearthed near Paphos are the mosaics in the Houses of Dionysos, Theseus and Aion, preserved after 16 centuries underground; vaults and caves; the Tombs of the Kings; and the pillar to which Saint Paul was said to have been tied and whipped and the ancient Odeon Theatre. Other places of interest include the Byzantine Museum and the District Archaeological Museum, with its collection of Cypriot antiquities from the Paphos area dating back from the Neolithic Age up to 1700 AD. Near the Odeon are the ruins of the ancient city walls, the Roman Agora, and a building dedicated to Asclepius, god of medicine.

The mosaic floors of these elite villas dating from the 3rd to the 5th century are among the finest in the Eastern Mediterranean. They mainly depict scenes from Greek mythology.

The city contains many catacomb sites dating back to the early Christian period. The most famous is Saint Solomoni Church, originally a Christian catacomb retaining some of its 12th century frescoes. A sacred tree at the entrance is believed to cure the ailments of those who hang a personal offering on its branches.

A few miles outside the city, the rock of Aphrodite (lit. "Stone of the Greek") emerges from the sea. According to legend, Aphrodite rose from the waves at this spot. The Greek name, Petra tou Romiou is associated with the legendary frontier-guard of Byzantine times, Digenis Acritas, who kept the marauding Saracens at bay. It is said that to repel one attack he heaved a large rock at his enemy.

The site recently  had the Aphrodite Hills resort built on it. The resort features a five-star intercontinental resort hotel, an 18-hole golf course, tennis courts, fitness facilities, holiday villas, apartments, townhouses and the Retreat Spa.

Near Petra tou Romiou is Palaepaphos, Old Paphos, one of the most celebrated places of pilgrimage in the ancient Greek world, and once an ancient city-kingdom of Cyprus. The ruins of the Temple of Aphrodite stand here, dating back as early as 12th century BC. The temple was one of the most important places of Aphrodite's cult and pilgrimage of the ancient world until the 3rd–4th centuries AD. The museum, housed in the Lusignan Manor, houses artifacts from the area.

Yeroskipou is a town in Paphos' metropolitan area known for many years for its delight 'loukoumi'.

North-east of Paphos lies Ayios Neophytos (St. Neophytos) Monastery, known for its "Encleistra" (Enclosure) carved out of the mountain by the hermit himself, which features some Byzantine frescoes from the 12th and 15th centuries. The painted village church of Emba (Empa) is nearby.

Four kilometres () north of Paphos is the village of Lemba (Lempa), home to numerous artists, many of whom have open studio shops. It is home to the sculpture known as the Great Wall of Lempa by the Cypriot artist Stass Paraskos and the Cyprus College of Art.

Off the coast of Paphos is the wreck of M/V Demetrios II which ran aground on 23 March 1998 in heavy seas during a voyage from Greece to Syria with a cargo of timber.

Similarly, on 8 December 2011, the EDRO III ran aground off the coast of Cyprus. It is located near the Sea Caves of Paphos on the western shore of the island close to the Akamas Peninsula. Built in the 1960s, registered in Freetown, Sierra Leone, the Edro III is owned by an Albanian shipping company. It was traveling from Limassol, Cyprus to Rhodes when it ran aground. It is still shipwrecked to this day, although its cargo and fuel oil were removed. Local authorities are hesitant to remove the ship from the rocks due to the fact that the coastline is a protected natural park where turtles nest and endemic plant and animal species thrive.

Climate

Paphos enjoys a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa), closely bordering a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh), with hot, dry summers and pleasant, rainier winters. The greatest amounts of rain occur from November to mid-March, while it almost never rains in the summer, with an average of less than  in July and August. In these rainless months, however, humidity measurements can go up to 85 percent.

Snowfall occurs rarely  approximately every 10 years  and does not normally lead to any significant disruption. It occurs almost annually in the hills of Tsada,  north. The last significant snowfall in the city centre occurred in the winter of 2001.

Heatwaves in July and August are relatively common, when hot air masses from the Sahara desert drift over to Cyprus causing temperatures to rise. Cyprus has experienced drought-like conditions and the current trend of global warming may increase the severity of these conditions. In the summer of 2008, Cyprus had to ship water by tanker from Greece to meet demand on the island. Since then, water conditions have eased due to good winter rains.

Transport

Paphos was once the only traffic-free town in Cyprus; things changed after the urbanization and rise of the population in less than ten years. The roads in the town centre remain unchanged and are unable to accommodate the new level of traffic. The problems exist because some planned road links remain on paper, including:
 2nd part of the northern ring road
 Western ring road
 Airport road
 Paphos – Coral Bay road upgrade

Public transport
Public transport in Paphos is currently only served by buses under the company OSYPA LTD.

For intercity transportation the main operator is Intercity Buses which offers daily connections across all cities in the southern part of Cyprus.

The main bus station is Karavella station. It is the nexus for all intercity routes and many of the local routes. The other major bus station in Paphos is the Kato Paphos Harbor station, located close to Paphos Harbor and the Paphos Archaeological Park.

Motorways

Paphos did not have a motorway link until 2001. It is now accessed through the A6 which connects Paphos with Limassol. The A7 motorway from Paphos to Polis was to have been completed by 2013, though work has not started yet due to the financial crisis in Cyprus. The works are undergoing as of August 2023.

Airport

Since 1982, air traffic of Paphos is served by Paphos International Airport located  southeast of the city, near Timi. It serves approximately 1.75 million people every year. A new terminal opened in late 2008 adjacent to the old one.

Port
The port is able to hold 300 boats and serves as a small marina and a fisherman shelter. The castle's square hosts Aphrodite's festival every September since 1998. Several other yearly events are hosted in the square, including the Paphos beer festival. Cargo and cruise ships use the Limassol Port  away. A marina is planned to be constructed  north, next to Coral Bay in Kissonerga. The new marina will serve up to 1,000 boats.

Hospitals and medical centres

Paphos has only one general hospital located at Anavargos,  northeast of the city centre. It was built to replace the old hospital, which was demolished shortly after being abandoned; now, it is a modern medical centre. There was consideration that it might be turned into a university hospital when Neapolis University was opened; as of July 2017, this has not transpired.

There are two hospices in the area: The Friends Hospice and the Archangel Michael Hospice, which is funded by the Catholic Church in Cyprus.

There are also several private clinics spread throughout the area, such as St George's Private Hospital, built in 1991.

Education

The Paphos municipality has 38 primary state schools, 8 secondary state schools (known as gymnasiums and lyceums), 3 privately run English schools and one privately run Russian school. First elementary school in Paphos was founded in 1796, in village Kritou Terra.

Higher education

The town of Paphos has one higher education institute that began accepting students in June 2010. The university offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate programmes and consists of 4 schools. Soon, American University of Beirut is going to finish constructions of new Paphos filial.

Arts
Paphos is known for its cultural and historical interests, including the Tomb of the Kings, Mosaics, castle and numerous churches, though it is also popular for its festivals and annual events.

During September, Paphos holds an annual opera at the Paphos' Aphrodite Festival at the harbor. The castle serves as a backdrop and stage for the performance. Another annual event is Open Studios Cyprus which takes place during selected weekends in October. Selected artists open their studio doors to the general public and provide an informal environment to view and discuss the work with the artist.

There are a number of privately owned galleries and exhibition spaces. Details and dates for the regular events can be found in the local English newspapers, such as Cyprus Weekly and Cyprus Monthly. Palia Ilektriki is an exhibition and conference space maintained by the Paphos Municipality. In the centre of the town, this converted  plays host to both conferences and exhibitions throughout the year. In 2009, 2010, and 2011, Open Studios Cyprus used this location to launch the event with an Opening Art Exhibition.

In 2012, Paphos won the title as European Capital of Culture 2017, under the Executive Direction of Ektor Tsatsoulis and the Artistic Director Spyros Pisinos. In 2013, Marios Joannou Elia became the artistic director of "Pafos 2017". Following the financial crisis on the island in 2013, Elia redesigned and recalculated the entire programme.

Pafos 2017-European Capital of Culture
Paphos held the title of the European Capital of Culture for the year 2017 alongside Aarhus, Denmark. This was a great opportunity for the town to evolve, develop and attract more tourists to discover the true beauty of Pafos. The few years before 2017 many improvements were made around town and everyone was preparing for the honorable title. It started off with the Opening Ceremony that gave the chance for many artistic people to shine such as modern and contemporary dance groups, the Music School of Pafos and last but not least Alkistis Protopsalti. During that year, multiple cultural events, such as the Europakonzert 2017 featuring the Berliner Philarmoniker and the famous Yamato Taiko Drum Ensemble performance, took place across the town of Paphos each month. The program had a huge diverse group of volunteers that contributed greatly on the events. Pafos after its magnificent Closing Ceremony in December 2017, where Giannis Kotsiras and Yasmin Levi have performed, has officially passed on the baton of the title of European Capital of Culture to Valletta in Malta and Leeuwarden in the Netherlands.

Sports
Paphos has a long history in sports with several football, basketball, volleyball teams. The Pafian gymnastic club is called Korivos, and it owns (via the Cyprus Athletic Organisation) the local Pafiako Stadium and the Aphroditi Sports hall.

Stylianos Kyriakides (; 1910–1987), a marathon runner from Statos, won the 1946 Boston Marathon. According to a newspaper report, he was running with John Kelley near the end, when an old man shouted from the crowd, "For Greece, for your children!", inspiring him to pull away and win the race.

Paphos was home to Turkish Cypriot sport team Baf Ülkü Yurdu. After the intercommunal conflict and Turkish invasion Baf Ülkü Yurdu left the city and based in Morphou.

Notable people
 Evagoras Pallikarides, EOKA Fighter, hanged by the British at 19
 Archbishop Makarios, first President of the Republic of Cyprus
 Rauf Denktaş, Turkish-Cypriot politician
 Marios Joannou Elia, composer and artistic director
 Suat Günsel, billionaire businessman
 Andreas Drymiotes, philosopher
 Sonay Adem, socialist politician
 Giorgos Lillikas, candidate for Cyprus Presidential elections
 Stavros Malas, Minister of Health, candidate for Cyprus Presidential elections
 Alex Christofi, Arjatos lokajis
 Özker Özgür, pro-unification Turkish-Cypriot politician
 Theo Paphitis, British-Cypriot businessman
 Andrew Theophanous, politician
 Christos Shelis, footballer
 Paul Stenning, author, lives in Paphos
 Alan Knott, ex-cricketer, moved here in the early 2000s

Twinnings
  Chania, Greece
  Kalamaria, Greece
  Preveza, Greece
  Lamia, Greece
  Corfu, Greece (1992)
  Mytilene, Greece
  Anzio, Italy
  Florence, Italy
  Herzliya, Israel
  Košice, Slovakia
  Alexandria, Egypt
  Liyang, China (2018)
  Compton, USA (2018)

See also
 Akamas
 Akamas
 Aphrodite
 Aphrodite Hills
 Aphrodite's Rock
 International School of Paphos
 Kouklia
 Polis, Cyprus
 Tombs of the Kings

References

External links

 Municipality of Paphos – official website
 Official Cyprus Government Web Site – Towns and Population
 Visit Paphos – Paphos regional board of tourism
 Panoramic views of Paphos
 Ancient Cyprus in the Ashmolean Museum
 Paphos Travel directions
 The University of Sydney Archaeological excavations of the Paphos Theatre Site

 Paphos Chamber of Commerce and Industry website
Paphos Life Blog Lifestyle Blog for expats and locals
 About Paphos
Pafos 2017 official website

Cities in ancient Cyprus
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Cyprus
Municipalities in Paphos District
Mediterranean port cities and towns in Cyprus
World Heritage Sites in Cyprus
Aphrodite
New Testament cities
Roman Cyprus

Paphos


Kimberella es un género de fósiles del período Ediacárico y cuenta con tan solo una especie, Kimberella quadrata.   Los primeros especímenes se encontraron en Australia en el yacimiento de Ediacara y recientemente en numerosos lugares del Mar Blanco en Rusia cubriendo un intervalo de tiempo de 555 a 558 millones de años atrás.

Como en otros fósiles de Ediacara, las relaciones evolutivas con los demás organismos vivientes conocidos son objeto de debate. En un primer momento los paleontólogos clasificaron a Kimberella como un tipo de medusa; pero desde 1997, debido a su simetría bilateral y las marcas similares a las de una rádula (lengua de los moluscos) que dejaban en su entorno, han hecho pensar a los investigadores que pueda ser un molusco o como mínimo un miembro de Bilateria. La clasificación de Kimberella es importante para entender la explosión del Cámbrico ya que si Kimberella era un molusco o como mínimo un protóstomo, seguramente el linaje de los protóstomos y deuteróstomos pudo haber divergido mucho antes de 555 millones de años atrás.

Aunado a los descubrimientos de posibles embriones de cnidarios en la formación de Doushantuo, si únicamente Kimberella se comprobara bilaterio indicaría que los triploblásticos llevarían ya diversificándose y proliferando desde un tiempo anterior a 580 millones de años atrás.

Se han encontrado más de 1000 especímenes en el Mar Blanco, representando a estos organismos en todos los estadios de madurez, en capas de piedras arenosas de grano fino proporcionando valiosa información sobre su anatomía interna y externa y su forma de locomoción.  Kimberella vivía en aguas someras y bien oxigenadas, hasta unas decenas de metros de profundidad, se alimentaba de microorganismos y se reproducía sexualmente probablemente.

Taxonomía

El género lleva el nombre de Mr. John Kimber, estudiante, profesor, y coleccionista que perdió la vida durante una expedición al centro de Australia en 1964. Originalmente fue descrito con el nombre Kimberia. El problema de este término es que ya estaba en uso por un género de tortugas. El nuevo nombre Kimberella fue propuesto por Mary Wade en 1972.

Véase también
 Anexo:Géneros de la biota de Ediacara
 Biota del periodo Ediacárico
 Explosión de Avalon

Referencias

Ediacárico
Moluscos extintos
Mollusca
Géneros epónimos

Kimberella


In classical mechanics, the parameters that define the configuration of a system are called generalized coordinates, and the space defined by these coordinates is called the configuration space of the physical system.  It is often the case that these parameters satisfy mathematical constraints, such that the set of actual configurations of the system is a manifold in the space of generalized coordinates.  This manifold is called the configuration manifold of the system. Notice that this is a notion of "unrestricted" configuration space, i.e. in which different point particles may occupy the same position. In mathematics, in particular in topology, a notion of "restricted" configuration space is mostly used, in which the diagonals, representing "colliding" particles, are removed.

Example: a particle in 3D space
The position of a single particle moving in ordinary Euclidean 3-space is defined by the vector , and therefore its configuration space is .  It is conventional to use the symbol  for a point in configuration space; this is the convention in both the Hamiltonian formulation of classical mechanics, and in Lagrangian mechanics. The symbol  is used to denote momenta; the symbol  refers to velocities.

A particle might be constrained to move on a specific manifold. For example, if the particle is attached to a rigid linkage, free to swing about the origin, it is effectively constrained to lie on a sphere. Its configuration space is the subset of coordinates in  that define points on the sphere . In this case, one says that the manifold  is the sphere, i.e. .

For n disconnected, non-interacting point particles, the configuration space is . In general, however, one is interested in the case where the particles interact: for example, they are specific locations in some assembly of gears, pulleys, rolling balls, etc. often constrained to move without slipping. In this case, the configuration space is not all of , but the subspace (submanifold) of allowable positions that the points can take.

Example: rigid body in 3D space
The set of coordinates that define the position of a reference point and the orientation of a coordinate frame attached to a rigid body in three-dimensional space form its configuration space, often denoted  where  represents the coordinates of the origin of the frame attached to the body, and  represents the rotation matrices that define the orientation of this frame relative to a ground frame.  A configuration of the rigid body is defined by six parameters, three from  and three from , and is said to have six degrees of freedom.

In this case, the configuration space  is six-dimensional, and a point  is just a point in that space. The "location" of  in that configuration space is described using generalized coordinates; thus, three of the coordinates might describe the location of the center of mass of the rigid body, while three more might be the Euler angles describing its orientation. There is no canonical choice of coordinates; one could also choose some tip or endpoint of the rigid body, instead of its center of mass; one might choose to use quaternions instead of Euler angles, and so on. However, the parameterization does not change the mechanical characteristics of the system; all of the different parameterizations ultimately describe the same (six-dimensional) manifold, the same set of possible positions and orientations.

Some parameterizations are easier to work with than others, and many important statements can be made by working in a coordinate-free fashion.  Examples of coordinate-free statements are that the tangent space  corresponds to the velocities of the points , while the cotangent space  corresponds to momenta. (Velocities and momenta can be connected; for the most general, abstract case, this is done with the rather abstract notion of the tautological one-form.)

Example: robotic arm

For a robotic arm consisting of numerous rigid linkages, the configuration space consists of the location of each linkage (taken to be a rigid body, as in the section above), subject to the constraints of how the linkages are attached to each other, and their allowed range of motion. Thus, for  linkages, one might consider the total space

except that all of the various attachments and constraints mean that not every point in this space is reachable.  Thus, the configuration space  is necessarily a subspace of the -rigid-body configuration space.

Note, however, that in robotics, the term configuration space can also refer to a further-reduced subset: the set of reachable positions by a robot's end-effector. This definition, however, leads to complexities described by the holonomy: that is, there may be several different ways of arranging a robot arm to obtain a particular end-effector location, and it is even possible to have the robot arm move while keeping the end effector stationary. Thus, a complete description of the arm, suitable for use in kinematics, requires the specification of all of the joint positions and angles, and not just some of them.

The joint parameters of the robot are used as generalized coordinates to define configurations.  The set of joint parameter values is called the joint space.  A robot's forward and inverse kinematics equations define maps between configurations and end-effector positions, or between joint space and configuration space.  Robot motion planning uses this mapping to find a path in joint space that provides an achievable route in the configuration space of the end-effector.

Formal definition
In classical mechanics, the configuration of a system refers to the position of all constituent point particles of the system.

Phase space
The configuration space is insufficient to completely describe a mechanical system: it fails to take into account velocities.  The set of velocities available to a system defines a plane tangent to the configuration manifold of the system. At a point , that tangent plane is denoted by . Momentum vectors are linear functionals of the tangent plane, known as cotangent vectors; for a point , that cotangent plane is denoted by .  The set of positions and momenta of a mechanical system forms the cotangent bundle  of the configuration manifold . This larger manifold is called the phase space of the system.

State space
In quantum mechanics, the analogous concept is called the state space. A rather different set of formalisms and notation are used in this case. The analog of a "point particle" becomes a single point in , the complex projective line, also known as the Bloch sphere. It is complex, because a quantum-mechanical wave function has a complex phase; it is projective because the wave-function is normalized to unit probability.  That is, given a wave-function  one is free to normalize it by the total probability , thus making it projective.

See also
Feature space (topic in pattern recognition)
Parameter space
Configuration space (mathematics)

References

External links
 Intuitive Explanation of Classical Configuration Spaces.
 Interactive Visualization of the C-space for a Robot Arm with Two Rotational Links from UC Berkeley.
 Configuration Space Visualization from Free University of Berlin
 Configuration Spaces, Braids, and Robotics from Robert Ghrist

Classical mechanics

Configuration space (physics)


Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa, Türk halk edebiyatının Bektaşî koluna bağlı halk ozanı. Şairin doğum ve ölümüyle ilgili net bilgiler bulunmamakla beraber; 17. yüzyıl ozanı olduğu belirlenebilmiştir. Kimi kaynaklarca 1658'de öldüğü rivayet edilmektedir. Ancak bu iddianın tersi olarak 1659'dan sonra öldüğünü savunan araştırmalar da vardır. Edebiyatçı Ahmet Kabaklı ise Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa'nın ölümünün 1646'dan sonra gerçekleştiğini söylemektedir.

Hayatı
Ozanın, nerede doğduğu konusunda da yeterli bilgi yoktur. Ancak Genç Osman Türküsü'nün  Osman Şevki Uludağ tarafından Aydın çevresinde derlenmesi; şairin dilinde görülen "bencileyin, sencileyin" gibi arkaik kelimelerin bugün Nazilli ağzında hala kullanılması ve ozanın hayatının ilk döneminin bahriyeli olarak geçmesi (Aydın eski bir denizci beyliğidir.) gibi bilgileri birleştirdiğimizde; Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa'nın Aydın - Nazilli çevresinde doğmuş olabileceği ihtimali güçlenmektedir. Ayrıca; sanatsal olarak büyük ölçüde etkilediği Aşık Ömer'in de aslen Aydınlı olduğuna dair iddialar bu savı önemli bir bilgi haline getirmektedir. Genç Osman Destanının Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa'nın en önemli eseri olduğu konusunda; edebiyat tarihçilerinin büyük bir bölümü ortak fikirdedir. Hatta bazı eserlerde Genç Osman Hikâyesi, şairinin ismine eş değer görülmüş ve ansiklopedik madde başlıkları Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa ve Genç Osman Hikayesi olarak adlandırılmıştır. Genç Osman Destanı aslen bir şiir olmasına rağmen; halk tarafından anonimleştirilmiş ve türkü, hikâye gibi varyantları ortaya çıkmıştır. Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa eserlerinde halk diline yakın ve Divan edebiyatı çizgisinden uzak bir söyleyişe sahiptir. Ancak buna rağmen Nefi ile birlikte; Sultan Murat'ın en yakın iki musahibinden biridir. Kul Mustafa, döneminin Osmanlı Ordusu olan Yeniçeri Ocağı'nda kayışçı olarak çalıştığı için, kaynaklarda adı Kayışçı Mustafa olarak geçmektedir. Daha sonraki dönemde ise daha çok kayıkçı ön adıyla anılmıştır. Bir başka iddiaya göre ise; Osmanlı Donanması'na katılıp Küçük Murat Reis ile Cezayir'e gittiği için kendisine kayıkçı adı verilmiştir. Kayıkçı'nın Murat Reis ile yaptığı deniz seferleri sırasında yazdığı dörtlükler bu olasılığı güçlendirmektedir. Aşağıdaki dörtlük Kayıkçı'nın deniz seferlerini anlattığı şiirlerine örnektir:
Türk edebiyatında bilinen üç tane Kul Mustafa olduğundan zaman zaman Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa'nın şiirleri bu ozanların şiirleriyle karıştırılmıştır. Kul Mustafa, Abaza Hasan Paşa İsyanı ve Bağdat Seferi gibi döneminin önemli olaylarını yaşamış ve bu olaylara şiirinde yer vermiştir.

Edebi kimliği
Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa, 17. yüzyıl Türk Halk edebiyatı ozanlarındandır. Olay örgüsünü gerçek yaşamdan alan şiirleri arasında  Aksaraylı Genç Osman'nın ölümü üzerine yazdığı koçaklama - destan tarzındaki şiiri özellikle sınır boylarındaki askerler tarafından benimsenmiş; bazı edebiyat otoritelerince de kabul görüp, "kahramanın adını günümüze getirmiş, kendi adını da ölümsüz yapmış" şeklinde yorumlanmıştır. Kul Mustafa'nın Osmanlı gezgini Evliya Çelebi tarafından, Seyahatname'de çöğür çalmayı bilen ozanlar arasında gösterilip; zamanının önemli el yazması dergilerinde ve cönklerde şiirlerinin yer alması; şairin döneminde bilinen bir ozan olduğunu göstermektedir.
Ozan, gerçek ününü söylediği lirik sevgi şiirleri ve özellikle koçaklama-destan türündeki başarısıyla elde etmiştir. Şiirlerinde genellikle 11'li hece ölçüsü kullanır; kullandığı dilde Divan Edebiyatı etkisi fazla görülmez. Ayrıca, Bektaşiliği benimsedikten sonra nefesler söylemiştir.

Sanat anlayışı
Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa, döneminde halk edebiyatında da kendini göstermeye başlayan Aruz vezninden etkilenmemiştir. Bu durumu edebiyat tarihçisi ve yazar Seyit Kemal Karaalioğlu şu şekilde açıklar: "Divan şiirinin etkisinden uzak, halk zevkine bağlı, doğal bir söyleyişle, 17. yüzyılın ilk yarısında geniş bir üne kavuşur."

Kayıkçı, Âşık Halk Edebiyatı'nın müşterek bir özelliği olarak hece ölçüsünü kullanmıştır. Hecenin 11'li vezni en çok tercih ettiği ve Genç Osman Destanı'nı yazdığı vezindir. Ancak özellikle Genç Osman Destanı'nın halk tarafından çeşitli varyantlarının oluşturması bu konudaki standart metnin elde edilmesini ve retorik araştırmaları zorlaştırmaktadır. Aşağıdaki Aydın yöresinden derlenen örnek üzerinden gidersek;

Görüldüğü gibi bu şiirde dizeler 11 heceden oluşmaktadır. Yani şiirde 11'li hece ölçüsü kullanılmış; altıncı hecede durak kurulmuştur (6+5). Ayrıca bir ve ikinci dizede uşak kelimeleriyle tam uyak yapılmıştır. Bunun yanında birinci ve üçüncü dizeler arasında; "uşak" kelimesinin sesteşliğinden yararlanılarak cinas kullanılmıştır. İlk dizede uşak çocuk anlamında kullanılırken; üçüncü dizedeki anlamı ordu hizmetkârıdır. Bu üç dizeyi ele alırsak şiirin zengin uyakla kafiyelendirildiği görülür. Ancak bu şiirin halk söyleyişinden derlendiği düşünülürse; anonimleşmiş ve değişmiş ögelere rastlanmak muhtemeldir. Örneğin  cönklerden alınan bir şiir kesitini incelersek; değişen dil özellikleri dikkat çeker. Örneğin aşağıdaki şiirde eklerdeki arkaik özellikler dikkat çekmektedir:

Halk edebiyatında ozanlar genellikle yarım uyak kullanmıştır. Ancak Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa'nın daha gelişkin uyak türlerini de kullandığını görürüz. Örnek olarak yukarıdaki ilk şiirde; hem zengin uyak (en az üç ses benzerliği bildiren) hem de cinas kullanılmıştır.

Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa'nın dili oldukça sade ve akıcıdır. Kullandığı sözcüklerin tamamına yakınını Türkçe kökenli veya Türkçeleşmiş sözcükler oluşturur.

Genç Osman Destanı

Osmanlı geleneğinde yapılan savaşların ardından özellikle Yeniçeri kökenli ozanların zafere dair şiirler söylediği bilinmektedir. Genç Osman Destanı da bu şekilde söylenen bir Türk halk edebiyatı ürünüdür. Bu epik şiir; Bağdat Seferi'nden sonra yazılmıştır; yine aynı savaşın ardından Demircioğlu gibi döneminin önemli halk ozanları da değişik destansı şiirler söylemiştir. Hatta otoriteler tarafından Türk halk edebiyatının en önemli ozanlarından biri gösterilen Karacaoğlan da bir Genç Osman Destanı yazmış ancak bu destanların hiçbiri Kul Mustafa'nın destanı kadar yaygınlık kazanamamıştır. Karacaoğlan'ın şiiri ancak 1970'te ortaya çıkarılabilmiştir. Genç Osman Destanı; yazıldığı dönemden itibaren toplum tarafından kabul görmüş ve halk rivayeti kıyafetine bürünmüştür. Ayrıca bu destanın türkü haline getirildiği de bilinmektedir.<ref>Köksal, Hasan. (1985). Milli Destanlarımız ve Türk Halk Edebiyatı, s.205, Üçdal Yayıncılık.</ref> Genç Osman Destanı, ozanın geniş halk kitleleri tarafından tanınmasını sağlamıştır.

Bağdat Seferi'nin 1639'a dek sürmesi; şiirin bu yıllarda söylendiği sonucunu doğurmaktadır. Bu eser; Bayburtlu Zihni'nin "Hart Destanı" ve Razi'nin Şeyh Şamil Destanı gibi eserlerle birlikte; Âşık Halk Edebiyatı'nın en önemli epik eserleri arasındadır. Ayrıca eser Türk edebiyatı araştırmaları açısından da önemli bir yere sahiptir. Fuat Köprülü'nün Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa ve Genç Osman Hikayesi eseri, halk hikayelerinin oluşum evrelerini takip etme ve anlamlandırma stratejisinin uygulandığı model eserlerden biri olarak bilinmektedir.

Genç Osman Destanı, Bağdat kuşatması sırasında bir müfreze komutanının yaptığı hücumla birlikte; Osman adlı bir gencin büyük kahramanlıklar gösterip; daha sonra kaleden atılan bir okla yaralanarak Dicle'ye düşmesi ve burada ölmesini anlatan bir olay örgüsüne sahiptir. Osman'ın ölümüne padişah IV. Murat dahil tüm ordunun üzüldüğü rivayet edilmektedir. Hatta Sultan Murat'ın Genç Osman'ın ölümü üzerine: "Keşke Bağdat gibi kaleyi fethetmeseydim de Genç Osman'ım ölmeseydi." dediği söylencesi hakimdir. Ayrıca, olayın geçtiği dönemin padişahı olan IV. Murat'tan iki saltanat önce gelen ağabeyi II. Osman'ın da Genç Osman olarak bilinip; Yeniçeri isyanı sırasında öldürüldüğü gerçeği vardır. Bu da bahsi geçen olayın aslen; anıştırma yoluyla II. Osman'ın öldürülmesi olayıyla bağlantılı olabileceği olasılığını doğurmaktadır. Aksaraylı Genç Osman hakkında başka ozanların da şiirler yazması; bu olasılığı azaltsa da; bazı kaynaklarda Kayıkçı'nın Küçük Murat Reis'le Cezayir'deyden II. Osman'nın öldürüldüğü ve bunun Kayıkçı'yı önemli ölçüde etkilediği bilgisi mevcuttur.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Genç Osman Türküsü
 Genç Osman Destanı

Yayınlar
M. Fuad Köprülü, XVII. Asır Saz Şairlerinden Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa ve Genç Osman Hikâyesi'', İstanbul: 1930.

Kaynakça

Türk halk şairleri
Aydın doğumlular
İstanbul'da ölenler
17. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
1658 yılında ölenler

Kayıkçı Kul Mustafa


Joe McElderry er en engelsk sanger som vandt sæson 6 af det britiske udgave af X Factor.

Diskografi
 Wide Awake (2010)
 Classic (2011)
 Classic Christmas (2011)
 Here's What I Believe (2012)
 Saturday Night at the Movies (2017)

Eksterne henvisninger

Sangere fra England
X Factor-deltagere

Joe McElderry


An Carex trisperma in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Chester Dewey. An Carex trisperma in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 C. t. billingsii
 C. t. trisperma

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex trisperma


Židovi su nekadašnja etnička i vjerska skupina koja je djelovala u Rogatici, u Bosni i Hercegovini. Sjedište Židovske općine se nalazilo u Rogatici.

Povijest

Židovi su se u Rogaticu doselili pred kraj djelovanja osmanskog razdoblja. Pred početak Drugog svjetskog rata u ovom bosanskohercegovačkom gradu je postojala kompaktna židovska općina od 54 Židova, koji su bili Sefardi i Aškenazi. Imali su svoje kuće, većina njih i znatnu imovinu a život su dijelili sa susjedima različitih konfesija. Rogatički Židovi su bili vrijedni, ugledni i poslovni ljudi. Bili su trgovci, zlatari i odvjednici.

Među prvim Židovima trgovcima koji su otvorili svoje radnje u Rogatici su: Daniel Katan (1884.), Sadik Danon (1884.), Juda Lowy (1884.), Lezo Katan (1890.), Behor Katan (1897.), Binjo Eskenazi (1898.), Juda Zadik Danon (1903.) i Samuel J. Katan (1904.). Godine 1941. svoje trgovine i obrte imali su: Mošo Bararon, Avram i Sara Danon, Eliša Katan, Isak Levi, Luna Levi, Leon Levi, Shanto Papo i Salamon Papo. Regina Baruh bila je učiteljica u Osnovnoj školi. Jedini Akšenaz bio je odvjetnik Rudolf Klinger, čija je supruga završila Glazbeni konzervatorij u Praga i svirala violinu i glasovir.

U središtu Rogatice, u naselju Korovina, Židovi su izgradili sinagogu, koja je u narodu nazvana "Havra". "Havra" na turskom jeziku znači - židovski hram. Sinagoga je izgrađena u maurskom stilu sefardskih sinagoga i posvećena je 9. rujna 1928. godine. Do izgradnje sinagoge Židovi su vjerske obveze obavljali u prizemlju zgrade Elizara Katane, a kasnije kod njegovog sina Eliše. Rogatički rabin je bio Moša koji je obavljao vjerske obrede, pokope, obrezivanja muške djece i klanja živine. Godine 1900. je izgrađeno i židovsko groblje, na padinama brda Hapsan, juguzapadno od Rogatice. Židovsko groblje ima 16 nadgrobnih spomenika iznad zemlje, i desetak, utonulih u zemlju. Natpisi na grobovima su na hebrejskom, ladino i hrvatskom jeziku.

Odmah na početku okupacije nacisti su Židove su počeli sistematski proganjati. Zatvorene su sve židovske radnje koje su prethodno opljačkane. Sinagoga je izvan uporabe bila od 1941. godine, kada su skoro svi Židovi Rogatice pobijeni. Samo nekoliko rogatičkih Židova je preživjelo Drugi svjetski rat. Na početku ustanka stupilo je iz Rogatice pet Židova u narodbooslobodilački borbu, od toga su 4 poginuli. Od 13 preživjelih Židova u Drugom svjetskom ratu, pet je bilo u izbjeglištvu, sedam u njemačkim zarobljeničkim logorima, jedan u narodnooslobodiačkoj borbi. Nitko od preživjelih Židova nikad se nije vratio u Rogaticu.

U Drugom svjetskom ratu sinagoga i židovsko groblje su bili dosta oštećeni. Sinagogu nije imao tko obnoviti, pa je svojevremeno, bilo je prijedloga da se obnovi i preda kulturi Rogatice za galeriju slika. Dugo vremena služila je kao skladište jednog trgovinskog poduzeća. Sinagoga je u konačnici srušena 2004. godine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Rogatički Jevreji

Rogatica
Židovi u Bosni i Hercegovini

Židovi Rogatice


Charles « Charlie » Fagg, né le  à Durham en Angleterre, est un pilote automobile britannique. Il participe à des épreuves d'endurance aux mains de voitures de Grand tourisme dans des championnats tels que le Championnat du monde d'endurance et la GT4 European Series

Il a remporté le championnat GT4 European Series dans la catégorie silver en 2021 avec l'écurie britannique United Autosports.

Carrière

En 2019, Charlie Fagg avant rejoint les rangs des McLaren Young Professional.

En 2021, Charlie Fagg avait rejoint l'écurie britannique United Autosports afin de participer pour la seconde année consécutive au championnat GT4 European Series. Il particpa ainsi a ce championnat aux mains d'une McLaren 570s GT4 et avec comme coéquipier le pilote britannique Bailey Voisin.

En 2022, à la suite de son titre dans le championnat GT4 European Series dans la catégorie silver, Charlie Fagg avait rejoint l'écurie japonaise D'Station Racing afin de participer au championnat du monde d'endurance aux mains d'une Aston Martin Vantage AMR avec comme coéquipiers les pilotes japonais Tomonobu Fujii et Satoshi Hoshino.

Palmarès

Résultats en Championnat du monde d'endurance

* Saison en cours.

Résultats en GT4 European Series

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Charlie Fagg sur driverdb.com
  Charlie Fagg sur motorsportmagazine.com
  Charlie Fagg sur Racing Sportscars

Naissance en août 1999
Pilote automobile anglais
Pilote du Championnat du monde d'endurance

Charlie Fagg


වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී යනු,  ගෘහස්ත සහ ව්‍යාපාරික පරිගණක, ලැප්ටොප් පරිගණක සහ මාධ්‍ය   මධ්‍යස්ථානද ඇතුළු පෞද්ගලික පරිගණකයන්හී  භාවිතය සඳහා මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් සමාගම විසින්   නිෂ්පාදිත    මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියකි. 2001, අගෝස්තු 24 දිනදී හා පුරා කියා පරිගණක නිෂ්පාදකයන් වෙත නිකුත්කෙරුණු මෙය  එය ස්ථාපනය කොට භාවිතා කරන පරිශීලක සමුදායෙහි ප්‍රතිචාර පරිදී වින්ඩෝස්හී දෙවන විශාලතම ලෙසින් ජනප්‍රිය අනුවාදය වෙයි. "එක්ස්පී"  "XP" යන නම "eXPerience" යන්න වෙනුවෙන් භාවිතා වන කෙටි නමකි.

වින්ඩෝස් 2000 සහ වින්ඩෝස් Me යන්නන්ගේ අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා වන වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී, මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් විසින් වින්ඩෝස් NT කර්නලය මත පදනම්ව නිපැයුනු පළමු පාරිභෝගික-දිශානත මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය වෙයි.    2001 ඔක්කොම්බර් 25 දිනදී  ලොව පුරා සිල්ලර වෙළෙඳපොළට  වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී නිකුත්කෙරුණු අතර, 2006 ජනවාරි වන විට මිලියන 400 ක් අභිබවන පිටපත් ප්‍රමාණයක් භාවිතයේ පැවතිණි.  2008 ජූනි 30 වන ටිට වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී හී සෘජු OEM සහ සිල්ලර වෙළෙඳාම නවතන ලදි. ඔවුන්ගේ පද්ධති නිමැවුම් (එකලස් කළ පරිගණක විකුණන කුඩා OEM) වැඩසටහන ඔස්සේ 2009 ජනවාරි 31 දක්වා මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් විසින් වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී විකිණීම කරගෙන යන ලදි.

මෙය සාර්ථක කරන ලද්දේ වින්ඩෝස් විස්ටා මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය විසිනි. මෙයත්   සමග වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පීවල සමාන්‍ය OEM සහ සිල්ලර විකිණීම් කටයුතු 2008 ජූනි 30   වෙනිදින නවතා දමන ලදී. එහෙත් මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් සමාගම විසින් ඔවුන්ගේ   පද්ධති නිර්මාපකයන් (එකලස් කරන ලද පරිගණක විකුණන්නන්) සදහා 2009 ජනවාරි   මස 31 වෙනි දින දක්වා   තවදුරටත් වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය විකිණීම   සදහා අවසර ලබාදෙන ලදී. කෙසේ නමුත් විනඩෝස්  එක්ස්පී මෙහෙයුම්   පද්ධතියට පසුව ආ කුමන හෝ වින්ඩෝස් සංස්කරණයක් මිලදී ගෙන එය තුලින්  විනඩෝස් එක්ස්පී  වෙත ඩවුන්ග්‍රේඩ් කිරීමෙන් තවදුරටත් මෙහි පහසුකම්   ලබා ගැනීමටද හැකියාවක් ලබා දී තිබේ.

වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියේ නිතර භාවිතා වන සංස්කරණ වනුයේ වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී හෝම් එඩිෂන් (ගෘහස්ත පරිශීලකයින්ගේ භාවිතය සදහා සුදුසු) සහ වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී ප්‍රොපෙෂනල් (වින්ඩෝස් සර්වර් ඩොමේන් සහ භෞතික සකසන දෙකක්   සදහා සහය දැක්වීම වැනි අමතර ලක්ෂණ තිබීම සහ ප්‍රබල පරිශීලකයන්, ව්‍යාපාර සහ ව්‍යාපාර සේවාදායකයන්ගේ භාවිතයට සුදුසු) යනුවෙනි.

W3Schools මගින් ජනිත කරන ලද වෙබ් විශ්ලේෂණ දත්ත වලට අනුව 2011 මාර්තු   මාසය දක්වා, අන්තර්ජාලයට ප්‍රවේශ වීම සදහා ඉතා විශාල ලෙස භාවිත කරන   මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියක් බවට වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී පත්ව තිබේ.

NT මත පදනම් වූ වින්ඩෝස් සංස්කරණ C සහ C++ යන ක්‍රමලේඛන භාෂාවලින්   නිමවා ඇත. වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පීවල  විවිධ දෝෂ මතුවීමත් සමග ඒවා නිරාකරණය   කිරීම සදහා සේවා ඇහුරුම් නිකුත් වුණි.

පරිශීලක අතුරු මුහුණත

වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පීවල අලුත් ලක්ෂණයක් වන්නේ නව කාර්යමත-පදනම් වූ ග්‍රාපිකරූපී පරිශීලක අතුරු මුහුණතයි. ආරම්භක මෙනුව සහ කාර්යස්ථම්භය (taskbar) නොයෙක් දෘශ්‍යමාන ආවරණ සහිතව නවීකරණය කෙරිණි. ඒ පහත දැක්වෙන ලක්ෂණද ඇතුලත් වෙමිනි:

ගවේශකයෙහි ආලෝකය විනිවිද වැටෙන නිල්පාට ඍජුකෝණාස්‍ර තිබීම
පසුබිමෙහි ඇති අයිකන් වල වැටෙන භෙවණැලි තිබීම
ගවේශක කවුළු මත කාර්ය මත පදනම් වූ පැතිබාර (sidebars) තිබීම ("පොදු කාර්ය")
කාර්යස්ථම්භයේ (taskbar) තිබෙන බොත්තම් (buttons) කාණ්ඩ වලට වෙන් කිරීමේ හැකියාවක් තිබීම (එක වැඩසටහනක් තනි බොත්තමක් බවට පත් කිරීම)
කාර්යස්ථම්භය (taskbar) අගුලු දැමීමේ හැකියාව සහ අනෙකුත් මෙවලම්ස්ථම්භ (toolbars) ද අහම්බෙන් සිදුවන විපර්යාස  වලින් වැලැක්වීමේ හැකියාව ද තිබීම
ආරම්භක මෙනුවට අලුතින් එක්වුණු වැඩසටහන් ඉස්මතු කීරීමේ හැකියාව
මෙනුවට පහතින් හෙවණැළි තිබීම (වින්ඩෝස් 2000 ට තිබුණේ මූසික දර්ශක තාරකා (mouse pointer) යට හෙවණැළිය, එහෙත් මෙනුවට පහතින් නොවේ)

වින්ඩෝස් 2000 මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියේ භාවිත වූ "පැරණි" අතුරු මුහුණතද තමන්ගේ   කැමැත්ත පරිදි වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පීවලදීද  යොදාගත හැක.

නව සහ නවීකරණය වූ ලක්ෂණ

වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී මගින් නව ආගන්තුක ලක්ෂණ කීපයක් ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලදී, ඒවා පහත දක්වා ඇත:
DirectX 8.0 සිට DirectX 9.0c දක්වා උසස් කිරීම
ආරම්භක මෙනුව සහ කාර්යස්ථම්භකයයේ (taskbar) දියුණු කිරීම්
කර්නලයේ (kernel) යම් යම් වැඩි කිරීම් සහ ශක්ති කළමනාකරණයේ (power management) යම් යම් දියුණු කිරීම්
ඉක්මනින් ආරම්භ වීම, පුරනය වීම (logon), වරනය වීම (logoff), ශිශිරතරණය (hibernation) වීම සහ වැඩසටහන් දියත් කිරීමේ අනුපිළිවෙළ.
වේගවත්ව පරිශීලකයින් මාරුකිරීමේ (switching) හැකියාව.
දුරස්ථ උපකාර (Remote Assistance) සහ දුරස්ථ වැඩතල (Remote Desktop) පහසුකම් එක්වීම.
වින්ඩෝස් ෆයර්වෝල් සහ අන්තර්ජාල සම්බන්ධතා හුවමාරුව වැනි නව ජාලකරණ අංග එක්වී තිබීම.
පද්ධති පරිපාලන (administration) මෙවලම් විශාල වශයෙන් දියුණු කිරීම.

සංස්කරණ

වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී වල ප්‍රධාන වශයෙන් සංස්කරණ 2ක් තිබේ. එනම්, වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී නිවෙස් සංස්කරණය (ගෘහස්ත පරිශීලකයන් සදහා නිර්මානය කරන ලද) සහ වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී වෘත්තිමය (ව්‍යාපාර සහ ප්‍රබල-පරිශීලකයන් සදහා නිර්මානය කරන ලද) වශයෙනි. වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී වෘත්තිමය සංස්කරණයේ සාමාන්‍ය ගෘහස්ත පරිශීලකයන් භාවිතා  නොකරන උසස් ලක්ෂණ අඩංගුවෙයි.

වෙළෙඳ පොල සදහා වූ විශේෂ සංස්කරණ
වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී ආරම්භක සංස්කරණය යනු වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පීවල අවම-මිල සහිත සංස්කරණයකි. මෙය තායිලන්තය, ඉන්දුනීසියාව, රුසියාව, ඉන්දියාව, කොලොම්බියාව, බ්‍රසීලය, ආජන්ටිනාව, පේරු, බොලීවියා, චිලී, මෙක්සිකෝ, ඉක්වදෝරය,  උරුගුවේ සහ වෙනුසුවේලාව වැනි රටවල් වලදී ලබාගත හැක. මෙම සංස්කරණය වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී නිවෙස් සංස්කරණයට  තරමක් දුරට සමානය. එහෙත් එය අඩු-සීමා දෘඩාංග සදහා සීමා සහිතය. මෙහි එකම වේලාවට ධාවනය කල හැක්කේ  වැඩසටහන් 3 ක් පමණි.

භාෂා
වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය භාෂා කිහිපයකින් ලබාගත හැක. අමතර වශයෙන්, MUI ඇහුරුම් සහ භාෂා අතුරු මුහුණත් ඇහුරුම් මගින් පරිශීලක අතුරු මුහුණත භාෂා රාශියකට පරිවර්තනය කරගත හැක.

ATMs සහ විකුණුම්කරුවන්
ස්වයංක්‍රීය ගණක යන්ත්‍ර (ATM) විකුණුම්කරුවන් වන Wincor Nixdorf, NCR සංස්ථාව සහ Diebold සංස්ථාපිත යන සමාගම් සියල්ලම ඔවුන්ගේ OS/2 සංක්‍රමණ මඟ ලෙස මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී තෝරා ගන්නා ලදී.

සේවා ඇහුරුම්
මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් සමාගම විසින් වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතියේ මතුවන යම් යම් දෝෂ නිරාකරණය කිරීම සදහාත් නව ලක්ෂණ  එකතු කිරීම සදහාත් සේවා ඇහුරුම් කිහිපයක් අතරින් පතර නිකුත් කරන ලදී.

සේවා ඇහුරුම 1
වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී සදහා සේවා ඇහුරුම 1 (SP1) 2002 සැප්තැම්බර් 9 වැනි දින නිකුත් කරන ලදී.

සේවා ඇහුරුම 2
සේවා ඇහුරුම 2 (SP2) 2004 අගෝස්තු 25 වැනි දින නිකුත් කරන ලදී.

සේවා ඇහුරුම 2b
2006 අගෝස්තු මාසයේදී මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් සමාගම විසින් නවීකරණය කරන ලද පිහිටුවීමේ මාධ්‍යයක් වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී SP2 සහ වින්ඩෝස් සර්වර් 2003 SP1 සදහා අණ්ඩයක් (patch) ලෙස අඩංගු කරමින් නිකුත් කරන ලදී.

සේවා ඇහුරුම 2c
2007 අගෝස්තු 10 වෙනි දින මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් සමාගම විසින් සේවා ඇහුරුම 2 සදහා සේවා ඇහුරුම 2c (SP2c) නමින් සුථ නවීකරණයක් ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කරන ලදී.

සේවා ඇහුරුම 3
වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී සේවා ඇහුරුම 3 (SP3) 2008 අප්‍රේල් 21 වැනි දින නිෂ්පාදකයන් සදහාද 2008 මැයි 6 වැනි දින පරිශීලකයන්  සදහාද පොදුවේ මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් අවපතන මධ්‍යස්ථානය සහ වින්ඩෝස් නවීකරණය මගින් ලබාගත හැකිවන පරිදි නිකුත් කරන ලදී.

භෞතික මතක සීමා
භෞතික මතකයේ උපරිම සීමාව (RAM) වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී 32-bit සහ 64-bit සංස්කරණ අතර  යොමු කලහැක. පහත දැක්වෙන වගුව මගින් වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී සහය දක්වන උපරිම භෞතික මතක සීමාව නිරූපණය කරයි:

බහුසකසන සීමා
වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය සහය දක්වන උපරිම භෞතික සකසන ගණන වන්නේ: වෘත්තීමය සංස්කරණය සදහා 2 ක්ද, ගෘහස්ත සංස්කරණය සදහා 1 ක්ද වශයෙනි.

ජීවන චක්‍ර සහය
වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය සදහා සේවා ඇහුරුමක් නොමැතිව සහය දැක්වීම 2004 සැප්තැම්බර් 30 වෙනි දින අවසාන වන අතර, වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී සේවා ඇහුරුම 1 සහ 1a සදහා සහය දැක්වීම 2006 ඔක්තෝබර් 10 වෙනි දින අවසාන වෙයි.

වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී සේවා ඇහුරුම 2 (SP2) 2010 ජූලි 13 වෙනි දින විශ්‍රාම යන ලදී, ඒ එහි තිබූ ප්‍රධාන ලැබිය හැකි බවින් (general availability) සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම අවුරුදු 6 කට පසුවය.

දොස් දැක්වීම

නිෂ්පාදනය සක්‍රිය කිරීම සහ සත්‍යෙක්ෂණය

නිෂ්පාදනය සක්‍රිය කිරීම
ප්‍රකාශන හොරකම් අඩු කිරීමට උත්සාහයක් වශයෙන්, වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී විසින් නිෂ්පාදනය සක්‍රිය කිරීම හදුන්වාදෙන ලදී.

නිෂ්පාදන යතුර පරීක්ෂා කිරීම
සක්‍රිය කිරීමට අමතර වශයෙන්, වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී සේවා ඇහුරුම් විසින් අනවසර පිහිටුවීම් වැලැක්වීම සදහා වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිය පරිගණකවල පිහිටුවීමේදී වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් භාවිතකල නිෂ්පාදන යතුරු ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කරයි.

වින්ඩෝස් සත්‍ය වාසිය

ප්‍රකාශන හොරකම් වැළැක්වීමට උත්සහ කිරීම මත කාන්දු වූ (leaked) හෝ ජනිත   කරන ලද (generated) කලාප බලපත්‍ර යතුරු සදහා, මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් සමාගම විසින් වින්ඩෝස් සත්‍ය වාසිය (WGA) හදුන්වාදෙන ලදී. බලපත්‍ර යතුර අසත්‍ය එකක් ලෙස හදුනාගත් විට, මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් සමාගමෙන් සත්‍ය යතුරක් මිලදී ගන්නා ලෙස   පරිශීලකයාගෙන් විමසන දිගින් දිගට විවේචනය කරන තිරයක් දිස්වේ.

බලපත්‍රය සහ මාධ්‍ය වර්ග
වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පීවල බලපත්‍ර වර්ග 3ක් ඇත එනම්: සිල්ලර, කාණ්ඩ (VLK), සහ මූල්‍ය උපකරණ නිෂ්පාදක (OEM) වශයෙනි. මෙම බලපත්‍ර වර්ග තුනම වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී ප්‍රොපෙෂනල් 32-bit සහ 64-bit යන සංස්කරණ වලට ලබාගත හැක. වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී හෝම් එඩිෂන් සංස්කරණය සිල්ලර සහ OEM බලපත්‍ර වලට පමණක් සීමා කර ඇත.

සිල්ලර

කාණ්ඩ බලපත්‍ර

මුල් උපකරණ නිර්මාණය (OEM)

පාරිභෝගික භාවිතය නොමැත

පද්ධති අවශ්‍යතා
වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී නිවෙස් සහ වෘත්තිමය සංස්කරණවල පද්ධති අවශ්‍යතා මෙසේය:

මේවාද බලන්න

 මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිවල සංසන්දන
 මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධතිවල ඉතිහාසය
 මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති ලැයිස්තුව
 වින්ඩෝස් විස්ටා සහ වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පීවල සංසන්දන

විමර්ශණ
වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී ලිපිය ඉංග්‍රීසි බසින්

වැඩිදුර කියවීම සදහා

බාහිර සැබැදි
 මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී නිවස්න පිටුව
 වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී උදව් සහ පාවිච්චි කිරීමේ උපදෙස්
 මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී විචාරකයන්ගේ මාර්ගෝපදේශකය - අගෝස්තු 2001 (PDF ආකෘතියෙන්)
 වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී මතක සීමා
 වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී සේවා ඇහුරැම 3 ජාල මගින් ස්ථාපනය කිරීමේ පැකේජය - වෘත්තීයවේදියන් සහ විකාශකයන් සදහා (පූර්ණ මාර්ග අපගත පිහිටුවනය)

ආශ්‍රිත

මෙහෙයුම් පද්ධති
වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී

වින්ඩෝස් එක්ස්පී


Paulo Ricardo Ribeiro de Jesus Machado (* 31. März 1986 in Bairro do Cerco, einem Stadtviertel Portos) ist ein ehemaliger portugiesischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere

Im Verein
Machado erlernte das Fußballspielen in der Jugend des FC Porto und debütierte in der Saison 2003/04 im Rahmen eines Pokalspiels unter Trainer José Mourinho bei den Profis. Im Sommer 2005 unterschrieb er beim Verein einen Fünfjahresvertrag und wurde zunächst an den CF Estrela Amadora und anschließend an União Leiria und Leixões SC ausgeliehen. In der Saison 2008/09 führte ihn ein weiteres Leihgeschäft in die Ligue 1 zum AS Saint-Étienne. Dort trug er mit seinen Leistungen zum Klassenerhalt bei. Zur Spielzeit 2009/10 unterschrieb Machado einen Vierjahresvertrag beim FC Toulouse. Zur Saison 2012/13 wechselte Machado nach Griechenland zu Olympiakos Piräus.

In der Nationalmannschaft
Machado durchlief die Jugendnationalmannschaften seines Landes. Im Jahr 2003 gewann er die U17-Europameisterschaft. Darüber hinaus nahm er an der U21-Europameisterschaft 2007 teil.

Am 17. November 2010 gab er unter Nationaltrainer Paulo Bento sein Debüt in der A-Nationalmannschaft im Rahmen eines Freundschaftsspiels gegen Spanien.

Erfolge
 U-17-Europameister: 2003
 Griechischer Meister: 2012/13, 2013/14
 Griechischer Pokalsieger: 2012/13
 Kroatischer Meister: 2014/15, 2015/16
 Kroatischer Pokalsieger: 2014/15, 2015/16

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Paulo Machado auf der Website des portugiesischen Fußballverbandes

Fußballnationalspieler (Portugal)
Fußballspieler (FC Porto)
Fußballspieler (CF Estrela Amadora)
Fußballspieler (União Leiria)
Fußballspieler (Leixões SC)
Fußballspieler (AS Saint-Étienne)
Fußballspieler (FC Toulouse)
Fußballspieler (Olympiakos Piräus)
Fußballspieler (Dinamo Zagreb)
Fußballspieler (Desportivo Aves)
Fußballspieler (Mumbai City FC)
Griechischer Meister (Fußball)
Kroatischer Meister (Fußball)
Portugiese
Geboren 1986
Mann

Paulo Machado


Kanadíski eyjaklasinn eða Heimskautaeyjar Kanada (The Arctic Archipelago eða Canadian Arctic Archipelago) samanstendur af öllum þeim eyjum sem eru norður af meginlandi Kanada (utan Grænlands).
Svæðið þekur 1.424.500 km2 og telur 36.563 eyjar, þar af eru 94 stærri eyjar. Það er í kanadísku héruðunum Núnavút og Norðvesturhéruðunum. Íbúar eru um 14.000.

Svæðið er að mestu túndra og jöklar. Víðitegundir þrífast allra syðst þar á meðal fjallavíðir og alaskavíðir.

Helstu eyjar
Baffinsland
Ellesmere-eyja
Viktoríu-eyja
Devoneyja
Bankseyja
Qikiqtaq
Axel Heiberg-eyja
Melville-eyja
Southampton-eyja
Prins af Wales-eyja
Bathurst-eyja
Somerset-eyja
Prins Patrick-eyja
Ellef Ringnes-eyja
Bylor-eyja

Eyjar við Kanada

Kanadíski eyjaklasinn


Sprinter Galore er en dansk tv-serie, om rumvæsnet Sprinter Galore, der bor hos en dansk familie. Serien er instrueret af Philip Th. Pedersen efter koncept af Lars Christiansen og manuskript af Sanne Munk. Den er produceret af Copenhagen Bombay for DR Ramasjang.

Sæson 1 på 10 afsnit blev vist i efteråret 2016 på DR Ramasjang. I efteråret 2017 havde sæson 2 premiere, og blev vist søndage på DR Ramasjang.
I 2018 havde sæson 3 premiere.

Magnus bor med sine forældre i en helt almindelig hverdag med madplaner og storindkøb. Han er glad for superhelte, og en aften ser han noget mystisk styrte ned i sin baghave. Det er rumvæsenet Sprinter Galore. Sprinters rumskib er gået i stykker, og det kommer til at tage lidt tid for Magnus' far at lave det igen. Derfor bliver Sprinter nødt til at blive hos familien indtil rumskibet er repareret. Det bliver et besøg hvor både Sprinter og familien lærer noget om livet på jorden.

I 2019 havde sæson 4 'Sprinter Galore på nye eventyr' premiere, hvor Sprinter Galore rejste ud i Danmark og hjalp forskellige nye børn med ting i deres liv.

Medvirkende
 Thomas Roos - Sprinter Galore
 Noah Baden Henriksen - Magnus
 Laura Bach - Kathrine
 Magnus Bruun - Thomas
 Troels Thorsen - Heino Lange
 Selma Iljazovski - Viola
 Kathrine Andersen - Christina
 Marie-Louise Coninck - Olde
 Maibritt Saerens - Sundhedsplejerske
Sarah Boberg - Kustode
Sami Darr - Elverkonge
Morten Hemmingsen - Gitte's far
Rudi Køhnke - Mads' far
Simone Lykke - Ida
Elias Munk - Kastebodsmand
Danny Thykær - Livas far

Eksterne henvisninger
 Seriens officielle hjemmeside på dr.dk
 Sprinter Galore (TV-serie) på Internet Movie Database

Tv-serier
Børneserier fra Danmark
DR-serier

Sprinter Galore


Dom Francisco Manuel de Melo (* 23. November 1608 in Lissabon; † 13. Oktober 1666 in Alcântara) war ein portugiesischer Schriftsteller des Barock.

Allgemein gilt Melo als der bedeutendste portugiesische Barockdichter und als einer der wichtigsten Schriftsteller des portugiesischen Barocks neben António Vieira. Insgesamt wird er auch als eine der einflussreichsten Persönlichkeiten im Portugal der Barockzeit und des 17. Jahrhunderts bezeichnet.

Sein Werk verfasste er zweisprachig, er schrieb in Portugiesisch und Kastilisch. Sein vielseitiges Werk besteht aus Gedichten, Theaterstücken, historischen Büchern und humanistischen Abhandlungen.

Leben
Francisco Manuel de Melo entstammte einer Adelsfamilie. In Lissabon studierte er am Jesuitenkolleg Santo Antão Humanwissenschaften und Mathematik. Nach seinem Studium begann er eine militärische Laufbahn, diese führte ihn bis nach Flandern, wo er im Zuge des Dreißigjährigen Krieges ein portugiesisches Regiment gegen die Niederländer 1639 kommandierte. Insgesamt war er mehr als fünf Jahre im Dienste des Christusordens für die spanische Armee tätig. Nach Ende seiner militärischen Laufbahn gelangte er an den spanischen Hof, wo er als Höfling angestellt war. Er freundete sich dort mit dem berühmten spanischen Satiriker Francisco de Quevedo an. Zunächst für die spanische und später für die restaurierte portugiesische Krone (Portugal war nach der Personalunion mit Spanien 1640 unter König Dom Johann IV. wieder unabhängig geworden), war er als Diplomat in vielen Teilen Europas unterwegs. So kam er nach London, um an der Aufklärung des Attentats auf den portugiesischen Gesandten Francisco Cardoso mitzuwirken und war auch einige Zeit in Rom als Diplomat tätig, als Portugiesischer Botschafter beim Heiligen Stuhl.

Aufgrund seiner politischen Ansichten wurde er 1641 von der portugiesischen Krone ins Gefängnis geworfen und verbrachte dort insgesamt neun Jahre. 1650 wurde er entlassen und musste fortan ins Exil nach Bahia in Brasilien. Ein Großteil seines literarischen Werkes war während seines Gefängnisaufenthaltes und im Exil in Brasilien entstanden.

Mit gerade mal 57 Jahren starb er nach einem abenteuerlichen Leben am 13. Oktober 1666 in dem heutigen Lissaboner Vorort Alcantara.

Dichtung und Bedeutung

Melo gilt als Initiator der "Academia dos Generosos", einer Dichterakademie zur Förderung des poetischen Nachwuchses. Sein Werk ist relativ gut dokumentiert, doch wurden einige Werke erst posthum veröffentlicht. Die Gedichte wurden zweisprachig, Portugiesisch und Kastilisch, veröffentlicht. Sie umfassten fast alle Gattungen der damaligen Dichtkunst: Sonette, Oden, Eklogen, Oktaven, Madrigale, Episteln, Terzinen, Glossen. Neben dem Nationaldichter Camões gilt er als ein Wegbereiter und Adept der Saudade bzw. des Saudosismo. Viele Gedichte sind schwer melancholisch und umfassen die Thematik von Trauer, Verlust, Schmerz, Leid und Tod. Auch entstanden Werke, die sich mit der Geschichte auseinandersetzten und ihn zum Chronisten machten. Moralische Schriften zeigen den weltgewandten Humanisten, der Melo auch war. Sogar als Dramatiker ist eine Farce von ihm erhalten. Melo war einer der bedeutendsten Autoren der portugiesischen Kultur- und Literaturgeschichte. Sein Werk machte ihn auch in Spanien sehr bekannt und ließ ihn als Chronisten Portugals während der Barockzeit gelten. Sein Werk ist bis heute nicht ins Deutsche übertragen worden. Einzelne Gedichte wurden aber schon im 17. Jahrhundert ins Französische übersetzt.

Werk

 Historia de los movimentos y separacion de cataluna, 1645, historische Schrift.
 Auto do fidalgo aprendiz, (Spiel vom Ritterlehrling), Farce, 1646 entstanden, erschienen 1665.
 Carta de Guia de Casadas, 1651, moralische Schrift.
 Epanaphoras de varia historia portugueza, 1660, historische Schrift.
 Obras morales, 1664, moralische Schrift.
 Cartas familiares, 1664, Briefe.
 Obras Metricos, 1665.
 As segundas tres musas, (Die zweiten drei Musen), 1665, komplettes poetisches Werk.
 Apologos Dialogaes, (Erdachte Gespräche), posthum 1721, gesellschaftskritische Texte.
 D. Teodosiu Duque de Braganca. posthum 1945, historische Schrift.

Literatur
 Edgar Prestage: D. Francisco Manuel de Mello: Esboço biographico. Imprensa da Universidade, Coimbra 1914 (portugiesisch); Biografie.
 Knaurs Lexikon der Weltliteratur. Droemer Knaur, München 1995, ISBN 3-426-77169-1.
 Hauptwerke der spanischen und portugiesischen Literatur. In: Kindlers Neues Literaturlexikon. Kindler-Verlag, München 1995, ISBN 3-463-40279-3.

Weblinks

 infopedia

Autor
Literaturkritiker
Lyrik
Schriftsteller (Lissabon)
Literatur (Portugiesisch)
Literatur des Barock
Portugiesischer Botschafter beim Heiligen Stuhl
Portugiese
Geboren 1608
Gestorben 1666
Mann

Francisco Manuel de Melo