Barber Shop, hrvatski glazbeni sastav iz Splita. Sviraju psihodelični blues. U skladbama im se može prepoznati i rock, fuzija, r'n'r, r&b i soul.

Osnovani su 2006. godine. Prvi album objavili su 2010. godine, naslova First Cut. Snimili su ga Robert Grubić - Gobbo - bass gitara i glavni vokal, Boško Smajić- Brico - Hammond i prateći glas, Zlatko Radulović - Patak - gitara i prateći vokal, Goran Grgurev - Grga - bubanj i prateći vokal, Dean Radovniković -Grizli - akustična gitara, udaraljke i prateći vokal, Robert Stezinar -Robi - klavir i usna harmonika, Žozef Franetović - Žozi - gitara i prateći vokal. Grubić, Smajić, Radulović, Grgurev i Radovniković su stalni članovi sastava. Stezinar je stalni i počasni član, koji ne može često zbog obaveza biti prisutan na svirkama i probama. Žozef Franetović je gost gitarist na albumu i nekim svirkama banda. Album su snimili u Starom Gradu na Hvaru u studiju GMP-ART svibnja 2010. godine. Dean Radovniković bio je snimatelj i glavni producent, a Robert Grubić. Grubić je glavni skladatelj i tekstopisac. Skladao je glazbu za sve skladbe osim  P'un' bide go Wanna  koju potpisuje Stevo Vučković (Stiv Stividen) i blues standard Ljuljam i bauljam. Grubić je napisao sve tekstove osim za skladbe Grmljavina stada, Dan posli petka i Jackie je rekla u 5 koje je napisao Predrag Lucić. Skladbe na albumu su: Pijani muzičari, Grmljavina stada, Škver blues, Jackie je rekla u 5, Dan posli petka,  P'un' bide go- Wanna, Majka Mari, Deveta, Laku noć gospodine blues i bonus skladba Ljuljam i bauljam.
Članovi su već radili s drugim sastavima: Dean Radovniković u Đavolima i Dejo i Žozi, Robert Grubić u Stividenima i Steve Wolfman Bandom, Žozef Franetović u Dejo i Žozi i The Fundach Bend.

2011. godine nastupili su s još pet splitskih blues sastava na Prokurativama na koncertu u sjećanje na velikana splitskog bluesa Jadrana Zlodru Gobba, kojim je 21. lipnja 2011. na splitskim Prokurativama HGU Podružnica 2 Split obilježila Svjetski dan glazbe. Koncert je ujedno bio i prvo izdanje danas etabliranog Split Blues Festivala. Hrvatska glazbena unija objavila je snimku koncerta na CD-u i DVD-u koncem studenoga 2011. pod imenom Split Blues Festival - in memoriam Jadran Zlodre Gobbo. Zastupljeni su dvjema skladbama, autorskom "Laku noć, gospodine Blues" i "Washin' Machine" koju izvorno izvode Otprilike ovako. Nastupili su 2016. na Reviju urbane kulture - Evo RUKE! 21. lipnja, na svjetski dan glazbe, a s njima sastavi: Uzbuna, Magnolia, Westtaste, Booster Band i Tri Cheri.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
MySpace

Splitski glazbeni sastavi
Blues

Barber Shop


وفقًا لتقرير الحريات الدينية الأمريكي 2006 فإنه يوجد حوالي 2000 شمال أفريقي يتواجدون في أندورا (من 72000) و يعتبرون الجالية الأكبر بين المسلمين في البلاد.

السكان
 عرب مغاربة (456)
 هنود-باكستانيون (79)

التاريخ
حوالي عام 700، قام المسلمون بدخول أندورا بدلا من القوط الغربيين. المسلمون لم يمكثوا في أندورا ولكن اتخذوها ممرًا للوصول إلى تولوز، ناربون، كاركاسون ونيم. معركة بلاط الشهداء مثلت نهاية عهد محاولة اختراق الجانب الآخر لجبال البرانس.

انظر أيضًا
 إل غران كارلماني

مراجع

الإسلام في أندورا
أندورا
الإسلام في أوروبا
الدين في أندورا
تاريخ أندورا

الإسلام في أندورا


Shiro Azumi var en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

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|1925||1||0
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Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Shiro Azumi


UFC 271: Adesanya vs. Whittaker 2 foi um evento de artes marciais mistas produzido pelo Ultimate Fighting Championship e que aconteceu no dia 12 de fevereiro de 2022, no Toyota Center em Houston.

Background
Uma revanche pelo cinturão peso médio do UFC entre Israel Adesanya e Robert Whittaker é esperada para servir como luta principal da noite.

Uma luta pelo peso mosca entre Alex Perez e Matt Schnell era esperada para ocorrer neste evento.

Uma luta no peso médio entre Jared Cannonier e Derek Brunson foi marcada para o UFC 270. Entretanto, a luta foi adiada para este evento.

Card Oficial

 Pelo Cinturão Peso Médio do UFC.'''

Ligações Externas

2022 nas artes marciais mistas
Eventos do UFC

UFC 271: Adesanya vs. Whittaker 2


عيسى بن أبان ( ؟ - 835م). أبو موسى عيسى بن أبان بن صدقة الحنفي. فقيه حنفي وعالم بالحديث. أخذ العلم عن كبار أعلام الحنفية، كمحمد بن الحسن الشيباني. وقد تولي قضاء البصرة عشر سنين وكان سريع الإنفاذ للحكم حتى قيل عنه: ما في الإسلام قاض أفقه من عيسى. توفي بالبصرة.

مؤلفاته
ألف في أصول الفقه:

 إثبات القياس
 خبر الواحد واجتهاد الرأي
 رسالة في الرد على المريسي في مسألة  ولا اأدري أهي ذات الرسالة السابقة أم مختلفة عنها.
 الجامع
 الحجج، وفيه بين وجوه الأخبار وما يجب قبوله وما يجب تأويله وبين فيه حجج أبي حنيفة، وقد أعجب الخليفة المأمون بالكتاب بعد أن قرأه فترحم على أبي حنيفة.

تلاميذه
أخذ عنه العلم أبو حازم عبد الحميد، أستاذ الطحاوي.

عقيدته
روى اللالكائي عن الشافعي عن بعض أصحابه قال (اختصم رجلان -مسلم ويهودي- إلى عيسى بن أبان وكان قاضي البصرة وكان يرى رأي القوم (يعني رأي المعتزلة في أن القرآن مخلوق) فصار اليمين على المسلم فقال له اليهودي: حلفه.
فقال: احلف بالله الذي لا إله إلا هو.
فقال اليهودي للقاضي: إنك تزعم أن القرآن مخلوق، وإن لا إله إلا هو في القرآن، فحلّفه لي بالخالق لا بالمخلوق.
فتحير عيسى عنده وقال: قوما عني حتى أنظر في أمركما.

مراجع

أحناف
أشخاص من الدولة العباسية في القرن 9
حقوقيون في القرن 9
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة
علماء دين مسلمون
مسلمون باحثون عن الإسلام في القرن 9
مواليد القرن 2 هـ
مواليد القرن 8
وفيات 220 هـ
وفيات 835

عيسى بن أبان


Höfrungurinn (latína: Delphinus) er lítið stjörnumerki á norðurhimni, nálægt miðbaug himins. Það er eitt af 48 stjörnumerkjum fornaldar sem Kládíos Ptólemajos lýsti á 2. öld. Fimm björtustu stjörnur Höfrungsins mynda stjörnuþyrpingu, þar sem fjórar þeirra mynda búkinn og ein sporðinn.

Tenglar
 Höfrungurinn á Stjörnufræðivefnum

Stjörnumerki

Höfrungurinn


Claus Bernhard Auer (* 25. April 1952 in Mainz) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Diplomat.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur absolvierte Auer ein Studium der Agrarwissenschaften an der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel sowie der Technischen Universität Berlin und schloss dieses Studium 1976 ab. Im Anschluss war er als Berater und Projektleiter bei der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) beschäftigt und betreute dort bis 1986 unter anderem Entwicklungsprojekte in Benin. Zwischenzeitlich legte er 1980 am Fachbereich internationale Agrarentwicklung der TU Berlin seine Promotion mit einer Dissertation zum Thema Schwitzratenmessung bei unterschiedlicher Temperaturbelastung am Schwarzbunten Rind: ein Beitrag zur Methodik ab.

Nach Beendigung seiner Tätigkeit bei der GTZ trat er 1986 in den Auswärtigen Dienst ein und fand nach Abschluss der Laufbahnprüfung Verwendung als Mitarbeiter für europäische politische Zusammenarbeit im Auswärtigen Amt in Bonn und danach zwischen 1988 und 1992 an der Botschaft in Finnland. Zwischen 1992 und 1996 war er Referent im Referat für Exportkontrolle und verfasste während dieser Zeit 1994 als Legationsrat nach einem Gespräch mit Mitarbeitern des Bundesnachrichtendienstes (BND) einen Bericht über die sogenannte Plutonium-Affäre.

1996 wurde er Mitarbeiter an der Botschaft in Japan und fand danach zwischen 2000 und 2003 Verwendung im Referat für Organisation und Globalplanung des Auswärtigen Amtes, ehe er im September 2003 Ständiger Vertreter des Botschafters und Leiter der Wirtschaftsabteilung der Botschaft in Südkorea wurde.

Ab 2010 war Claus Auer Botschafter im Tschad als Nachfolger von Leopold-Theodor Heldman, der wiederum Generalkonsul in Mumbai wurde. Als Botschafter organisierte er unter anderem eine Besuchsreise in den Tschad der Bundestagsabgeordneten Johannes Selle (CDU) und Uwe Kekeritz (Bündnis 90/Die Grünen). 2012 wurde er von Helmut Kulitz als Botschafter im Tschad abgelöst. Alsdann wurde Auer Gesandter für Öffentlichkeitsarbeit an der Deutschen Botschaft in Japan. 2014 wurde Auer zum Botschafter der Bundesrepublik Deutschland in der Elfenbeinküste berufen. Von 2017 bis Mitte 2018 war er Geschäftsträger ad interim im Range eines Botschafters in Burkina Faso.

Veröffentlichungen
 Possibilities of the Introduction of Draught Animals in the North-West Province of the United Republic of Cameroon (Mitautor), Technische Universität Berlin, 1977
 Schwitzratenmessung bei unterschiedlicher Temperaturbelastung am Schwartbunten Rind (Dissertation), Technische Universität Berlin, 1980
 Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten traditioneller Rinderhaltung in Zentralbenin, Entwicklung und Ländlicher Raum 5/84, Frankfurt a. M. 1984
 Förderung der Tierproduktion in Benin, Entwicklung und Ländlicher Raum 3/86, Frankfurt a. M. 1986
 Die zwei Gesichter der koreanischen Wirtschaft in Korea 2005, Herausgeber Patrick Köllner, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-88910-318-9
 Industriepark Gaesong – Ein Projekt mit vielen Fragezeichen in Korea 2006. Politik, Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft (Mitautor), Herausgeber Patrick Köllner, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 3-88910-331-6
 Global Partnership for Agriculture and Food Security: Actors, missions and achievements in Rural 21 5/2010, Frankfurt a. M. 2010

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Deutscher Botschafter im Tschad
Deutscher Botschafter in der Elfenbeinküste
Deutscher Botschafter in Burkina Faso
Deutscher
Geboren 1952
Mann

Claus Auer


The Pawtucket Red Sox, known colloquially as the PawSox, were a professional minor league baseball club based in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. From 1973 to 2020, the team was a member of the International League and served as the Triple-A affiliate of the Boston Red Sox. The PawSox played their home games at Pawtucket's McCoy Stadium  as the only professional baseball team in Rhode Island, and won four league championships, their last in 2014. Following the 2020 season, the franchise moved to Worcester, Massachusetts, to become the Worcester Red Sox.

The Pawtucket Red Sox were born as a Double-A Eastern League franchise in 1970. Three years later, Boston's Triple-A affiliate in the International League replaced the Eastern League PawSox. After enduring three different owners, at least two threats to move the team elsewhere, and bankruptcy, the PawSox were purchased from the International League by local industrialist Ben Mondor in January 1977. Over the next 38 years, Mondor (who died in 2010) and his heirs stabilized the franchise and turned it into a success; it was twice (1990 and 2003) selected the winner of Baseball America's Bob Freitas Award as the top Triple-A operation in minor league baseball, won the 1990 John H. Johnson President's Award, led its league in total attendance three times between 2004 and 2008, and captured three Governors' Cups as playoff champions.

On February 23, 2015, the team was sold to a group headed by then-Boston Red Sox president and chief executive officer Larry Lucchino and Rhode Island attorney James J. Skeffington. Thwarted in two attempts to replace McCoy Stadium with a new facility (first in adjacent Providence, then in a downtown site in Pawtucket), the club announced on August 17, 2018, that it would move to Worcester, located  to the northwest at the opposite end of the Blackstone Valley, in 2021.

On June 30, 2020, it was announced that the 2020 Minor League Baseball season would not be played, another impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports. Thus, the team last played minor league games in Pawtucket during the 2019 season.

Team history

Eastern League franchise (1970–1972)
The first team to be dubbed the Pawtucket Red Sox debuted at McCoy Stadium in 1970 as a member of the Double-A Eastern League. The franchise, owned by former Major League shortstop Joe Buzas, had spent the previous five seasons (1965–69) as the Pittsfield Red Sox after playing in four different Pennsylvania cities—Allentown, Johnstown, York and Reading—over seven years (1958–64).

After three seasons, Pawtucket's Eastern League franchise moved to Bristol, Connecticut, in 1973 to make room for the Triple-A PawSox, the former Louisville Colonels of the International League.

Carlton Fisk, the future Baseball Hall of Fame catcher, played for the Eastern League PawSox in 1970. Shortstop Rick Burleson and first baseman Cecil Cooper are among the players who toiled for both the Double-A and Triple-A versions of the team. This first edition of the PawSox franchise played for ten seasons as the Bristol Red Sox and then  spent 33 seasons (1983–2015) in New Britain, Connecticut, the last 21 of them as the Rock Cats. In 2016, the Rock Cats moved to Connecticut's capital city, and were rechristened the Hartford Yard Goats.

The Cleveland Indians had also placed an Eastern League club in Pawtucket, in 1966–67. The Pawtucket Indians moved to Waterbury, Connecticut, in 1968. The Pawtucket Slaters, a Boston Braves farm club in the Class B New England League, represented the city from 1946 to 1949, when the NEL disbanded.

Roots in Toronto and Louisville

The Triple-A team that became the Pawtucket Red Sox began in 1896 as the Toronto Maple Leafs. After the American Association and its Louisville Colonels franchise folded in 1962 and the American League owners voted down Charlie O. Finley's agreement to move the Kansas City A's to Louisville in 1964, Louisville was ready for the return of baseball. In 1968 the Maple Leafs, the Red Sox' top minor league club since 1965, were bought by Walter J. Dilbeck and moved to Louisville where they became the new Louisville Colonels and retained their affiliation with the Red Sox. They played at Fairgrounds Stadium on the Kentucky State Fairgrounds. While in Louisville, star players included Carlton Fisk (1971), Dwight Evans (1972), and Cecil Cooper (1972). The Louisville Colonels made the International League playoffs in 1969 and 1972.

Early struggles and bankruptcy (1973–1976)
In 1972, the Kentucky State Fair Board remodeled Cardinal Stadium so it could accommodate football. The renovations made the stadium unsuitable for baseball; among other things, it was far too large for a Triple-A team. However, the stadium was later used by the latter-day Louisville Redbirds club, setting minor league attendance records and outdrawing several major league teams. Following the 1972 season, the Louisville Colonels of the International League moved to McCoy Stadium and became the Pawtucket Red Sox, with Buzas taking over as owner.

The first Triple-A team was a success on the field, led by future major leaguers Cooper and Dick Pole, winning the 1973 Governors' Cup Championship in their inaugural year in the league over the Charleston Charlies. Then, they followed up by defeating the Tulsa Oilers of the American Association to win the Junior World Series. The following season they finished 30 games below .500 and lost an estimated $40,000. Buzas then sold the team to Philip Anez, a Smithfield advertising executive, in January 1975.

While the parent club was on their way to the 1975 World Series, the 1975 PawSox finished with a 53–87 mark. The team changed its name to the Rhode Island Red Sox for the 1976 season, but little changed on the field with a third straight sub-.500 season and falling attendance. Anez threatened to move his club to Jersey City, New Jersey. After the season, the franchise went bankrupt, unable to pay off $2 million worth of debt. The International League took it over, then awarded it in December 1976 to Massachusetts businessman Marvin Adelson, who renamed the team the New England Red Sox—and explored transferring it to Worcester. But after less than two months, in January 1977, the league revoked Adelson's franchise, alleging "nonperformance of terms and conditions".

The Ben Mondor era (1977–2015)
Although it appeared the Red Sox's stay in the Pawtucket area was about to come to an end, retired Lincoln businessman Ben Mondor stepped in and made sure the team remained in the city. Mondor was granted a brand-new franchise and restored the name to the Pawtucket Red Sox. However, it retained the old team's history and affiliation with the big-league Red Sox.

Mondor's tenure began inauspiciously. While the PawSox rebounded to win the regular-season pennant, they only drew 1,000 fans per game—believed to be the fewest for a first-place team in the history of the International League. That year's edition of the PawSox fell in the Governors' Cup finals to Charleston in four straight games. However, it won its second league championship in 1984, and drew almost 199,000 fans, second in the league.

For most of their first quarter-century in Rhode Island, the PawSox had to devote considerable resources to keeping McCoy Stadium at something approaching Triple-A standards. In 1998,  Mondor and team president Mike Tamburro heavily renovated McCoy Stadium. The PawSox led the league in attendance in 2008, when 636,788 fans saw baseball at McCoy, an average of 9,097 for each of the 70 openings. In 2005, they set a franchise record with 688,421 tickets sold during the year. Kevin Youkilis played for the team in 2003, and completed a streak he started while in Portland: he reached base in 71 consecutive games, tying future teammate Kevin Millar's minor-league records for consecutive games reaching base.

In addition to their success at the box office, the PawSox have excelled on the field. In 2000, Pawtucket set an all-time franchise record for victories with 82, as the team completed their fifth-straight winning season. Three years later the PawSox would top their own record by winning 83 games. In 2008, they won 85 games. The 1984 team defeated the now-defunct Maine Guides 3–2 to win the 1984 Governors' Cup trophy for their second championship in Pawtucket Red Sox history. In 2012, the PawSox defeated the Charlotte Knights to win the Governors' Cup for a third time. A fourth title was won in 2014 when the PawSox took down the Durham Bulls in five games.

The origins of the team's most popular nickname, "PawSox," dates to the first season in which Mondor owned the club. Three weeks before the 1977 season began the team lacked uniforms. BoSox vice president Haywood Sullivan stepped in and sent Pawtucket 48 sets of old home and away uniforms from the parent club. Although the home uniforms were fine for the team to use, the road uniforms had "Boston" stitched across the chest, which was a problem. Tamburro suggested using the name "PawSox" across the front, with each unstitched "Boston" letter replaced with one that spelled "PawSox". Thus, the PawSox name was born out of the necessity of a uniform crisis.

Mondor died on October 3, 2010, at the age of 85. His widow, Madeleine, became the new majority owner of the PawSox.

Sale and Rhode Island stadium plans (2015–2018)
On November 29, 2014, it was reported that members of the Boston Red Sox' ownership group were in the process of purchasing the PawSox from Madeleine Mondor and two long-time executives who also held stock in the team: president Tamburro and vice president and general manager Lou Schwechheimer.

Nearly three months later, on February 23, the sale to Lucchino, Skeffington and their partners was formally announced. Lucchino added the title of chairman of the PawSox to his Boston responsibilities, and Skeffington became club president. Other partners included Rhode Island businessmen Bernard Cammarata, William P. Egan, Habib Gorgi, J. Terrence Murray and Thomas M. Ryan, as well as Fenway Sports Management (a division of the BoSox' parent company, Fenway Sports Group), and two limited partners in FSG, Arthur E. Nicholas and Frank M. Resnek.

That day, the new owners also announced their intention to move the team out of McCoy Stadium, build a new baseball park six miles (9.65 km) to the south in downtown Providence, and begin play there as early as 2017. Skeffington said the club would be renamed the Rhode Island Red Sox upon the move. That name was previously used by the 1976 edition of the PawSox, before Mondor purchased the team and restored its Pawtucket identity.  In the weeks following announcement of the sale, Skeffington led a media tour of the proposed new stadium site on the Providence River and, with Lucchino, served as a point person in negotiations with state and local officials over public financing arrangements for the new park.

However, Skeffington, 73, died from a heart attack while jogging near his Barrington home on May 17, 2015, disrupting the team's efforts to secure an agreement with Rhode Island officials. Then, on August 1, Lucchino announced his retirement as the CEO and president of the Boston Red Sox, effective at the end of the  season.

In September, Governor Gina Raimondo told Lucchino that the riverfront parcel, consisting of public land formerly occupied by Interstate 195 and private property owned by Brown University, "was not suitable and there were too many obstacles that remained." In the wake of the setback, Lucchino said that the team preferred to remain in Rhode Island, but neither he nor other PawSox officials immediately commented about possible alternative locations. In the ensuing weeks, reports surfaced that Worcester and two other Massachusetts cities—Springfield and Fall River—might bid for the team.

On November 5, Skeffington's position was filled when Dr. Charles Steinberg, longtime Lucchino aide and a senior public affairs and PR executive with four big-league teams, including the Red Sox, became club president. Tamburro remained on board as vice chairman, and Dan Rea III became the PawSox' new general manager, after Schwechheimer departed to join an ownership group that purchased the Triple-A New Orleans Zephyrs. Amidst the uncertainty over its longterm home, Steinberg committed the team to remaining in Pawtucket for five seasons, through 2020, and to rebuilding its relationship with its fans.

During the summer of 2016, the city, state and team began a feasibility study to determine the extent of needed renovations to McCoy Stadium. That study concluded that renovating McCoy would cost $68 million, while building a new stadium on the site would cost $78 million. On May 16, 2017, a downtown Pawtucket stadium proposal, The Ballpark at Slater Mill, was jointly announced by Lucchino and Pawtucket's mayor, Donald Grebien. The ballpark, to be built on a site bracketed by Interstate 95 and the Blackstone River, would cost an estimated $83 million, with the team footing $45 million, the state $23 million, and the city the remaining $15 million. But when the stadium project went before the Rhode Island General Assembly in 2018, the financing formula was amended to shift the risk of borrowing money from the state to investors, thus exposing them to potentially higher interest rates. The amended bill passed, and was signed into law by Raimondo on June 29, 2018.

Final season and relocation to Worcester (2019–2021)
The new financing arrangement was rejected by the PawSox ownership. On August 17, 2018, the team announced that it would relocate to a new stadium in Worcester in April 2021. The stadium was to be part of a $240 million redevelopment of Worcester's Kelley Square and Canal District. The move would end the team's history in Pawtucket after 51 seasons.

Alluding to "controversy, disagreement and opposition", apparently on the part of Rhode Island legislators who changed the Pawtucket stadium's financing formula, Lucchino said that a 35-page letter of intent had been signed with Worcester's mayor and city manager for the downtown ballpark project to house the relocated team. The announcement capped a concerted three-year effort by Worcester and Massachusetts officials and local business leaders to woo the PawSox to anchor a downtown redevelopment that includes the stadium, new housing, a hotel, a parking garage and redesign of the Kelley Square intersection. On September 12, 2018, the Worcester City Council voted 9–1 to approve the stadium proposal, paving the way for the PawSox' relocation.

During the 2019 season of the International League, Pawtucket finished last in the North Division, with a record of 59–81. The team's final game was played on September 2, 2019; it was a 5–4 home victory over the Lehigh Valley IronPigs in 10 innings.

While 2020 was planned to be the team's final season of play in the International League, the Minor League Baseball season was cancelled, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. During the 2020 Major League Baseball season, McCoy Stadium served as the alternate training site for the Boston Red Sox. By December 5, the team began to sell off 1,000 pieces of memorabilia in an online auction hosted on the PawSox website as well as on Cox Cable TV, while also announcing the team would be taking select artifacts to be put on display at Polar Park in Worcester.

The Pawtucket Red Sox' regular season record over the half-century (1970 through 2019) of their existence was 3,461–3,610, for a winning percentage of .490.

On January 11, 2021, the City of Pawtucket announced that it would be filing a lawsuit against Pawtucket Red Sox Baseball Club LLC for breach of contract, in that McCoy Stadium was not kept up to standards or renovations, citing that  "the City of Pawtucket will be exposed for the entire facility and upkeep which was originally the responsibility of the State and PawSox, leaving the burden on the taxpayers to fix or knock down the facility,"
In a statement, the PawSox were "Stunned to learn of this unfounded lawsuit from our friends and long-time partners at the City of Pawtucket, We will now allow the legal process to run its course, and therefore have no further comment at this time."

"The Longest Game"

The PawSox played in and won the longest game in professional baseball history. The game against the Rochester Red Wings at McCoy Stadium started on April 18, 1981, and lasted 33 innings. Play was suspended at 4:07 a.m. at the end of the 32nd inning. The game did not resume again until June 23, when the Red Wings returned to Pawtucket. Only one inning was needed, with the PawSox winning 3–2 in the bottom of the 33rd when first baseman Dave Koza drove in the leadoff hitter, second baseman Marty Barrett, with a bases-loaded single off Cliff Speck. Neither Speck nor Steve Grilli, the Red Wings losing pitcher, were even on the team's roster back in April. Future major league Hall of Fame players Cal Ripken Jr. and Wade Boggs played in the game.

On June 23, 2006, the PawSox celebrated the 25th anniversary of "The Longest Game" with events and festivities when they played the Columbus Clippers. The 35th anniversary was also commemorated on April 19, 2016.

Perfect games
 Tomo Ohka pitched a nine-inning perfect game for the Pawtucket Red Sox on June 1, 2000. Ohka retired all 27 batters he faced in a 2–0 win over the Charlotte Knights, and he needed just 76 pitches to toss the first nine-inning perfect game in the International League since 1952.
 On August 10, 2003, Bronson Arroyo pitched the fourth nine-inning perfect game in the 121-year history of the International League as the PawSox beat the Buffalo Bisons 7–0 at McCoy Stadium. He needed 101 pitches to throw his masterpiece (73 strikes), struck out nine, and got 10 fly outs and eight ground outs from the Buffalo 27 batters. He went to a three-ball count to just three hitters all game. At the end of the month, he was promoted to the majors, and remained with the Red Sox until the 2005–06 offseason, when the Red Sox traded him to the Cincinnati Reds for Wily Mo Pena.

Hall of Famers

Several PawSox players and personnel have been inducted into the International League Hall of Fame. They are owner Ben Mondor, manager Joe Morgan, outfielder Jim Rice, third baseman Wade Boggs, and then-team president Mike Tamburro, now their Vice Chairman. Several former PawSox players have also been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, including Carlton Fisk, Boggs and Rice.

In July 2016, Rice, Boggs, and Mondor (represented by his widow Madeleine) became the inaugural class of inductees into the PawSox Hall of Fame. Additions are considered on an annual basis.

Titles
The PawSox won the Governors' Cup, the championship of the IL, four times, and played in the championship series nine times. They also played in the championship of Triple-A baseball on three occasions: in 1973 they defeated the Tulsa Oilers 4 games to 1 in the Junior World Series, in 2012 they fell to the Reno Aces 10–3 in the Triple-A National Championship Game, and in 2014, the team was defeated by the Omaha Storm Chasers 4–2.

 1973 Defeated Charleston (now Scranton/Wilkes-Barre)
 1977 Lost to Charleston (now Scranton/Wilkes-Barre)
 1978 Lost to Richmond (now Gwinnett)
 1984 Defeated Maine (now Scranton/Wilkes-Barre)
 1991 Lost to Columbus
 2003 Lost to Durham
 2012 Defeated Charlotte
 2013 Lost to Durham
 2014 Defeated Durham

Notable former players

 Don Aase 1975–77
 Andy Abad 1997–99, 2003
 Izzy Alcántara 1999–2001
 Bronson Arroyo 2003
 Steve Avery 1997–98
 Marty Barrett 1981–83, 1989*
 Rod Beck 2000
 Todd Benzinger 1985–87
 Mookie Betts 2014
 Wade Boggs 1980–81
 Oil Can Boyd 1983–84, 1987, 1989
 Craig Breslow 2006–07, 2013
 Clay Buchholz 2007–09
 Ellis Burks 1987, 1989*
 José Canseco 1995*, 1996*
 John Cerutti 1992
 Roger Clemens 1983–84, 1993*, 1995*
 Tony Conigliaro 1975
 Cecil Cooper 1973
 Wil Cordero 1996
 Jim Corsi 1997–98
 Brian Daubach 1999, 2001, 2004
 Bo Díaz 1976–77
 Gary DiSarcina 2002
 Dennis Eckersley 1998*
 David Eckstein 2000
 Sang-Hoon Lee 2000-01
 Jacoby Ellsbury 2007, 2010*, 2011*
 Mark Fidrych 1982–83
 John Flaherty 1990–93
 Scott Fletcher 1994
 Jeff Frye 1999
 Nomar Garciaparra 1996, 2001*
 Rich Gedman 1980–81, 1988
 Álex González 2006*
 Mike Greenwell 1985–86, 1995*, 1996*
 Mark Guthrie 1999
 Bill Haselman 2003
 Scott Hatteberg 1993–96, 1999
 Dustin Hermanson 2002
 Ken Hill 2001
 Sam Horn 1986–89
 Bruce Hurst 1980–81
 Byung-hyun Kim 2004
 Gabe Kapler 2005*, 2006*
 Ryan Lavarnway, 2011–14
 Jon Lester 2006, 2007*
 Steve Lyons 1984, 1992–93
 Fred Lynn 1974
 Ramón Martínez 1999*
 Justin Masterson 2008
 Daisuke Matsuzaka 2012*
 Joe McEwing 2007
 Willie McGee 1995*
 Lou Merloni 1996–2001
 Wade Miller 2005*
 Kevin Mitchell 1996*
 Bill Mueller 2004*
 Tim Naehring 1989–90, 1992–94*
 Trot Nixon 1997–98, 2004*, 2005*, 2006*
 Alex Ochoa 2007
 Tomo Ohka 1999–2001
 Bobby Ojeda 1980–81
 John Olerud 2005*
 Jonathan Papelbon 2005
 Carl Pavano 1997
 Dustin Pedroia 2005–06
 Dick Pole 1973–74
 Arquimedez Pozo 1996–98
 David Price 2017*
 Paul Quantrill 1991–92
 Manny Ramírez 2002*
 Jim Rice 1973–74
 Ken Ryan 1991–93, 1995
 Bret Saberhagen 1997*, 2000*
 Pablo Sandoval 2017*
 Curt Schilling 2005*
 Calvin Schiraldi 1986
 Aaron Sele 1993, 1995–96
 Earl Snyder 2003–04
 Matt Stairs 1995
 Bob Stanley 1988*
 Dave Stapleton 1977–80, 1985
 Jeff Suppan 1995–97
 Mike Timlin 2007*
 Michael Tucker 2007
 John Valentin 1991–94, 2001*
 Jason Varitek 1997, 2006*
 Mo Vaughn 1990–92
 Tim Wakefield 1995
 David Wells 2006*
 Mark Whiten 1995
 Kevin Youkilis 2003–05

(*) = rehab assignment

Yearly results

(*= Won Governors' Cup)

Playoff history

Triple-A managerial history

Broadcasters
As of March 2020, the announcers for the Pawsox Radio Network were Josh Maurer, Mike Antonellis, Jim Cain and Steve McDonald, of URI football and men's basketball. Pawtucket served as a springboard for multiple Major League Baseball broadcasters.

References

External links

 Boston Red Sox prospects
 Roster, splits, and situational stats

1970 establishments in Rhode Island
Baseball teams established in 1970
Boston Red Sox minor league affiliates
Defunct Eastern League (1938–present) teams
Defunct International League teams
Sports in Pawtucket, Rhode Island
2020 disestablishments in Rhode Island
Baseball teams disestablished in 2020

Pawtucket Red Sox


Agrilus gianassoi é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Magnani & Niehuis, 1994.

Referências

gianassoi

Agrilus gianassoi


Mária Egry () a fost o actriță maghiară de teatru și film.

Biografie
Mária Egry a urmat liceul catolic din Eger, iar mai târziu a învățat un an la Facultatea de Arte a Universității Ferenc József din Szeged, întrerupându-și studiile pentru a urma o carieră în actorie. A fost elevă a lui Andor Pünkösti și a făcut parte din trupa Teatrului Maghiar (1932-1933), a Teatrului Belváros (1934-1937) și a Teatrului Artistic (1937-1938). A interpretat rolurile unor fete populare și agreabile în comedii sentimentale la mijlocul anilor 1930. S-a căsătorit în 1940 cu regizorul Emil Martonffy, jucând mai ales în filmele sale în perioada 1935-1944. După al Doilea Război Mondial a părăsit scena de teatru.

Cele mai cunoscute filme în care a jucat sunt Az aranyember (1936) în care a jucat rolul lui Noémi și Kerek Ferkó (1943) în care a interpretat-o pe fiica primarului.

Roluri în piese de teatru
 Benatzky: Esernyős király....Suzanne
 Tamás I.: Aranyhal....Darinka
 Scribe: Egy pohár víz....Abigail

Filmografie
 Az új földesúr (1935)
 Az aranyember (1936)
 Pogányok (1937)
 Pergőtűzben! (1937)
 Nehéz apának lenni (1938)
 Péntek Rézi (1938)
 Varjú a toronyórán (1938)
 Fehérvári huszárok (1939)
 Érik a búzakalász (1939)
 Álomsárkány (1939)
 Nem loptam én életemben (1939)
 Pepita kabát (1940)
 Egy bolond százat csinál (1942)
 Kerek Ferkó (1943)
 Harmatos rózsaszál (1943)
 Szerelmes szívek (1944)
 Egy pofon, egy csók (1944)
 Apa (1966)

Note

Bibliografie
 Ábel Péter: Új Filmlexikon, 1. kötet, Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 1971. 283. old.
 Magyar színházművészeti lexikon. Főszerk. Székely György. Budapest: Akadémiai. 1994. ISBN 9630566354

Legături externe
 Filmkatalógus.hu

Nașteri în 1914
Decese în 1993
Actrițe maghiare

Mária Egry


Yerleşim yerleri
 Ortaklar, Germencik, Aydın ili Germencik ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Ortaklar, Köprüköy, Erzurum ili Köprüköy ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Ortaklar, Sivrihisar, Eskişehir ili Sivrihisar ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Ortaklar, Şahinbey, Gaziantep ili Şahinbey ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Ortaklar, Şemdinli, Hakkâri ili Şemdinli ilçesine bağlı köy
 Ortaklar, Çamlıhemşin, Rize ili Çamlıhemşin ilçesine bağlı köy
 Ortaklar, Havza, Samsun ili Havza ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Ortaklar, Yıldızeli, Sivas ili Yıldızeli ilçesine bağlı köy

Ortaklar


Springfyrene er en tegnefilm i serien Der var engang... (eng. titel The Fairytaler), der blev udsendt i forbindelse med H.C. Andersens 200 års fødselsdag i 2005.

Danske Stemmer:
 H.C. Andersen Henrik Koefoed
 Græshoppe Thomas Mørk
 Loppe Peter Belli
 Konge Torben Zeller
 Prinsesse Mette Marckmann
 Hofmand Søren Spanning
 Alfebud Thure Lindhardt

Bagom:
 Instruktør: Jørgen Lerdam
 Original musik af: Gregory Magee
 Hovedforfatter: Gareth Williams
 Manuskriptredaktører: Linda O' Sullivan, Cecilie Olrik
 Oversættelse: Jakob Eriksen
 Lydstudie: Nordisk Film Audio
 Stemmeinstruktør: Steffen Addington
 Animation produceret af: A. Film A/S
 Animationsstudie: Wang Film Production

En co-produktion mellem
Egmont Imagination, A. Film & Magma Film

I samarbejde med:
Super RTL & DR TV

Eksterne henvisninger

Der var engang
Film fra Danmark (administrationskategori)

Springfyrene (Der var engang...)


Austrália participou dos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022, realizados em Pequim, na China.

Foi a 20.ª aparição do país em Olimpíadas de Inverno. Foi representado por 43 atletas, sendo 21 homens e 22 mulheres. O país reduziu a equipe em sete atletas em comparação à equipe dos Jogos de PyeongChang 2018. O atleta Madison Hoffman, do esqui alpino, foi selecionado, mas desistiu devido a uma lesão na perna.

Competidores

Medalhas
Estes foram os medalhistas desta edição:

Desempenho

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Masculino

Feminino

Masculino

Feminino

Ligações externas

Australia
2022
Desporto na Austrália em 2022

Austrália nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2022


نورة الفايز، من مواليد عام 1954 في شقراء، المملكة العربية السعودية أول امرأة تشغل منصب نائبة وزير في تاريخ السعودية. والدها الشيخ عبد الله الفايز الناصري التميمي مؤرخ ونسابه وباحث تاريخي في السعودية. كانت نائب وزير التعليم السابقة، واستمرت في منصبها لمدة ست سنوات.

تعليمها
 شهادة الماجستير في التربية من جامعة ولاية يوتا حيث تخصصت في مجال تقنيات التعليم عام 1982
 شهادة البكالوريوس تخصّص علم اجتماع عام 1978 من جامعة الملك سعود

مناصبها
 مديرة قسم البنات بمدارس المملكة.
 شغلت منصب المديرة العامة للفرع النسائي بمعهد الإدارة العامة.
 تم تعينها بأمر ملكي في منصب نائبة وزير التعليم لشؤون البنات عام 2009
 تعمل من أبريل 2010 في الملحقية الثقافية السعودية في واشنطن عضوة في الجهاز الأكاديمي

السيرة
كانت تشغل منصب المديرة العامة للفرع النسائي بمعهد الإدارة العامة في الرياض، وهي عضوة في عدد من اللجان والمجالس، كما أنجزت العديد من البحوث والدراسات بالإضافة إلى التأليف والترجمة في مجالات الإدارة والتدريب والتربية.

منذ شهر يونيو 2001 أصبحت الفايز المديرة العامة للفرع النسائي بمعهد الإدارة العامة. وكانت قد تولت، لمدة عام، المديرة العامة لمدارس البنات بمدارس المملكة، وعملت أستاذا متعاونا مع كلية التربية، جامعة الملك سعود، لتدريس مواد تقنيات التعليم. ساهمت نورة الفايز بالعديد من الأبحاث التربوية والعلمية خلال مشوارها الأكاديمي والعملي، كما ألقت العديد من الأبحاث وأوراق العمل في المؤتمرات المختصة بالتعليم والتدريب وعمل المرأة.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من شقراء
خريجو جامعة الملك سعود
خريجو جامعة يوتا الحكومية
سياسيات سعوديات في القرن 21
سياسيون سعوديون في القرن 21
مواليد 1954
مواليد 1956
مواليد في شقراء
وزيرات سعوديات

نورة الفايز


The African hawk-eagle (Aquila spilogaster) is a large bird of prey. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. This species' feathered legs mark it as a member of the Aquilinae subfamily. The African hawk-eagle breeds in tropical Sub-Saharan Africa. It is a bird of assorted woodland, including both savanna and hilly areas but the tend to occur in woodland that is typically dry. The species tends to be rare in areas where their preferred habitat type is absent.  This species builds a stick nest of around  across in a large tree. The clutch is generally one or two eggs. The African hawk-eagle is powerfully built and hunts small to medium sized mammals and birds predominantly, occasionally taking reptiles and other prey as well. The call is a shrill kluu-kluu-kluu. The African hawk-eagle is considered a fairly stable species and a species of Least Concern per the IUCN.

Taxonomy
The African eagle is a member of the Aquilinae or booted eagles. This is a rather monophyletic subfamily of Approximately 38 species are classified in the subfamily, all bearing the signature well-feathered tarsi. The Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata) was once lumped within the same species as the African hawk-eagle. However, there are several morphological differences between the two species, in addition to discrepancies in life history and their considerably allopatric distribution. Now, the two species are almost universally considered distinct species. Despite the differences between the Bonelli's eagle and the African hawk-eagle the two species are visibly similar and are still considered sister species.  Recent DNA research has resulted in the two species being moved, in 2014, to the genus Aquila from Hieraaetus, along with a third possibly related species, the Cassin's hawk-eagle (Aquila africana). More specifically and surprisingly, Bonelli's, African hawk- and Cassin's hawk-eagles were found to be genetically closely related to the golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) species complex, which also includes Verreaux's eagle (Aquila verreauxii), Gurney's eagle (Aquila gurneyi) and wedge-tailed eagle (Aquila audax). These species are all rather larger and morphologically distinct (in adaptation to their open country habits) from the Bonelli's and African hawk-eagles and tend to have much more uniform and darker ventral plumages. Furthermore the four other traditional members of the Aquila genus have been revealed to be a separate species complex despite showing superficial similarity to the golden eagle group, i.e. being relatively large and long winged with usually rather uniform and dark (typically brownish) colours.

Description

The African hawk-eagle has a somewhat small head but one that protrudes quite well due its quite long neck and relatively prominent beak. Furthermore, the species possesses a longish tail, with long and somewhat slender feathered legs and has large, robust feet. Although African hawk-eagles occasionally take to perching in the open, they usually are somewhat obscured for much of the day within the cover of foliage and often perch relatively low down in tall trees.  The wing tips tend to fall a bit short of the tail tip.  The adult African hawk-eagle evidences a fairly pied look with slate black-grey coloration above and whitish coloration below. At a distance, they may appear purely black-and-white but at close range they show sparse but extensive white flecks on the mantle and wing coverts. Occasionally, a greyer patch may be apparent on the folded secondaries of perched or sitting birds. The tail of an adult is grey with thin dark bars, a broad subterminal band and a white tail tip. The adult hawk-eagle's underside is white with bold but small and sparse drop-like blackish streaks. As was noted in a 2010 study, in an usual instance of plumage sexual dimorphism for an Aquilinae eagle, the underside tends to more sparsely marked on adult males and more densely marked on adult females to such a degree that an experienced observer may be able to sex individual African hawk-eagles despite the two genders being similar in size. The adult African hawk-eagles has whitish coloring on the thighs and the crissum. The juvenile of the species is highly distinct from older hawk-eagles. Juveniles are moderately dark brown above with some pale edging, a slightly black-streaked head and a more clearly barred tail than adult hawk-eagles. The underside has a tawny-rufous base colour. When juvenile African hawk-eagles present black shaft streaks below they are usually only obvious on the flanks and they can border on being absent. Once developing as an immature at two to four years old, the upperside becomes progressively darker, the underside paler and more streaked and a subterminal tail band forms. At four years of age, as in related species, the African hawk-eagle becomes fully mature. The eyes of adult hawk-eagles are rich yellow while those of juveniles are hazel-brown while the cere and feet at all ages range from dull to somewhat brighter yellow.

In flight, the African hawk-eagle appears as a mid-sized raptor with a rather small but well-protruding head, a longish tail and wings that are neither particularly long nor broad. The species tends to flight with powerful and shallow beats. When gliding or soaring, their wings tend to be well-spread and, when engaging a glide, their carpal points tend to be only slightly forward pressed. Adult African hawk-eagle possess on the upperside of their wings a significant pale whitish-grey window on the base of their primaries, extending into dark grey panels across the black-tipped secondaries. The grey tail usually only shows obscure bars from a distance besides the broad subterminal band. From below, the black trailing edges with contrasting greyish white flight feathers as well as the more apparent subterminal band are in both cases distinctly abutted by paler grey feathering. The greater coverts show various solid black diagonal markings that coalesce and create a signature appearance from below in a flying adult African hawk-eagle. In flying juveniles, if seen from above, the contrasting creamy window, as in the adults, and barred tail stand out as the most distinct features of the species. Below, the juvenile African hawk-eagles show rufous wing linings that match the forebody and rather varying dusky edges, which often form carpal arcs and sometimes continuing as wing diagonals. The wings are otherwise rather nondescript in juvenile African hawk-eagles with greyish buff secondaries and tail thinly barred and white-based primaries.

Size

The African hawk-eagle is a small-to-mid-sized eagle and a fairly large raptor. Despite its relatively modest size, this species can appear surprisingly large when perched or standing on the ground due in no small part to its long neck, long legs and rather upright posture. The sexes are rather similar in size for a bird of prey, but the females, in the expected sexual dimorphism, averages about 5% about larger and up to 20% heavier. On the other hand, there is reportedly little overall discrepancy in their foot size or particularly in talon size. In total length, African hawk-eagles may vary in length from , with some of the largest females measuring to as much as . Mean length of a male may be around  while the mean length of a female may be around . Wingspan among this species may vary from . Body mass in males can vary from  while the body mass of females can vary from . In one sample, 14 males were found to have averaged  while a sample of 10 males averaged . In same datasets, 7 females averaged  and 10 females averaged . A sample of 36 unsexed African hawk-eagles in southern Africa averaged  in wingspan while an accompanying sample of 21 unsexed specimens averaged  in body mass. Among standard measurements, the wing chord of males measures from  while that of females is from . African hawk-eagles measure in tail length from  and, in a limited sample, in tarsus length from . In Kenya, mean wing chord length of unsexed hawk-eagles was , mean tail length was , mean culmen length was  and the hallux claw, the enlarged rear toe talon that is used as the primary killing apparatus on accipitrid raptors, measured a mean of , measuring from  in different specimens. The talon size is extremely large for this raptor's size, being similar to that of some eagles that are around twice as heavy such as eastern imperial eagles (Aquila heliaca).

Identification

The African hawk-eagle is largely allopatric from the most similar extant species of eagle, its sister species, the Bonelli's eagle. However, they may need to be distinguished in the Red Sea area, where minimal range overlap occurs. The Bonelli's eagle is larger and relatively broader-headed, shorter-necked, with proportionately longer wings and a shorter tail. The adult Bonelli's is much lighter and browner dorsally with usually a white patch on the mantle but no paler wing panels above. The Bonelli's eagle tends to be less contrastingly marked below, being rather creamy and lacking strong markings. The juvenile Bonelli's is a bit more similar to the juvenile African hawk-eagle but can be told apart by proportions and by being paler backed and again lacks the clear "windows" of the juvenile hawk-eagle. There are a few other largely black dorsally and white ventrally largish raptors in sub-Saharan Africa but the African hawk-eagle is the largest and comes the closest to being typically aquiline in bearing and morphology. One species sometimes considered rather similar is the adult Ayres's hawk-eagle (Hieraaetus ayresii) but that hawk-eagle is smaller, more compact as well as being rounder headed. The Ayres's may show a nuchal crest and also lacks the windows seen on the wing upperside and is more evenly blotched or streaked all over the underbody, wing linings and legs. Additionally, the Ayres's hawk-eagle is less heavily darkly marked on the wings, being more spotted and splotched with black, lacking black trailing wing edges as well as the subterminal tail band of the African. Juvenile Ayres's can be similar in flight below to the juvenile African hawk-eagle but is usually paler rufous with darker quills and is generally much paler above with whitish scaling and rufous crown and mantle. Moreover, in all plumages, the Ayres's show white "landing lights", reminiscent of a booted eagle (Hieraaetus pennatus). Other raptors of a pied pattern vaguely reminiscent of the African hawk-eagle in Africa, such as the black sparrowhawk (Accipiter melanoleucus), the augur buzzard (Buteo augur) and the Cassin's hawk eagle (Aquila africana), are fairly obviously distinct in appearance and proportions as well as habitat. Of these three, the adult Cassin's is by far the most similar in structure and appearance to the African hawk-eagle but the two are mostly allopatric in distribution, with the Cassin's typically dwells in mature forests unlike the sparser, drier wooded-savanna habitats of the African hawk-eagle. Compared to the Cassin's hawk-eagle, the African species is larger, shorted tailed and much longer winged, with a much more heavily marked underbody, denser black about the mid-wings and barely barred quills. At a distance, the African hawk-eagle's flight profile can recall that of the European honey-buzzard (Pernis apivorus) but the head is even smaller in that species. Furthermore, the wing actions and patterning of this smaller Palearctic migrant is highly different, therefore confusion with the honey-buzzard is quite unlikely. Even more unlikely to be confused with the African hawk-eagles even at a distance is the far larger and bulkier crowned eagle (Stephanoaetus coronatus), which is highly distinct in colour and has relatively shorter but much broader wings. One other species that may be need to be distinguished in distant flight, this time from the juvenile African hawk-eagle, is the juvenile booted eagle. That species is smaller but proportionately much longer winged and shorter tailed than the juvenile African hawk-eagle. Furthermore, the booted species is barred on the tail and has completely different underwing pattern.

Vocalizations
The African hawk-eagle is generally silent outside breeding season. Its main call is melodious fluting klooee. The call is perhaps most often recorded in contact between pair members. The call is sometimes considered not unlike that of the often sympatric Wahlberg's eagle (Hieraaetus wahlbergi) but that of the African hawk-eagle tends to be less drawn out and more mellow in tone. The main call may be repeated or develop into klu-klu-klu-kleeee or kluu-kluu-kluu with variations. This extended call may be given both during courtship and in moments of aggression, such as when driving away other raptors near their nest. Often, African hawk-eagles call on near nest including repeated kweeooo or ko-ko-kweroo, which seemed to be repeated during nest construction and repair. A farther variation, a kwaak, may be made by both of a pair when they are excited near the nest. A squealing skweeyra call by the female is a probable food solicitation call when she sees the male. In additional, various squawks, clucks and softer notes, sometimes being considered as "conversational" or "intimate" calls. Feathered eaglets tend to solicits food with a high pitched insistent wee-yik wee-yik, wee-yik call.

Distribution and habitat
The African hawk-eagle is found across much of sub-Saharan Africa. The farthest north the species ranges is in eastern Eritrea and adjacent areas of Ethiopia, after a substantial gap, the range resumes almost throughout southern Ethiopia. The African hawk-eagle tends to be scarce to rare in West Africa with much study of the details due to their local extreme scarcity. Here the species may be found into southern Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, eastern Guinea, northernmost Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivoire, Burkina Faso, the northern portions of Ghana, Togo and Benin and north-central Nigeria. In central and East Africa, the range of the African hawk-eagle includes southern Chad, southern Sudan, where they tend to be fairly rare, South Sudan, west Somalia, the central and southern portions of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and essentially all of Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania. This species is found throughout the northern nations (within favorable habitats) of southern Africa including Angola, Zambia, Mozambique, Malawi, Zimbabwe, north-central Namibia, northern and eastern Botswana and northeastern South Africa, north of the Orange River. The species is gone or nearly so from Eswatini, with the last confirmed breeding having been in 2002. Despite claims of the species as far as the Cape Province in South Africa, this is almost certainly due to records of vagrants and no population likely exists in southern South Africa.

This is a bird of well-wooded countryside. This species tends to favor tropical broadleaf woodland and woodland edge within the savanna but does not tend to occur in true deep forest. Additionally, African hawk-eagles can adapt to thornbush areas such as the veld but tends to occur moreso within riparian zones, which tend to permit the growth of strips of taller trees. Miombo and especially Mopane woodland may be central to the existence of the species in southern Africa. As confirmed in study from Zimbabwe, more enclosed woodlands were avoided in favor of lower density woodlands. Overall, they tend to prefer fairly dry areas, but based on data from West Africa, Kenya and Botswana tend to prefer some moderate rainfall, with highly rainy areas such as Kenyan highlands tending to be avoided but also highly arid localities are avoided. Access to waterways, typically rivers, including ephemeral ones, and watering holes, is not infrequent, especially since they permit tall trees in otherwise fairly dry regions of Africa and also often hold concentrations of prey. Secondarily, they may be seen in fairly open, sparser savanna and assorted semi-desert areas whilst they generally avoid evergreen forests and mountainous areas. They have however been known to nest on cliff faces in Kenya but overall this is seldom-recorded and rare for this species, unlike in the Bonelli's eagle. There are records of this species visiting (if not nesting in) cultivation such arables and pastureland and occasionally nesting in well-treed and low-disturbance plantations. However, this species typically seems to require protected areas to successfully propagate in. The African hawk-eagle has been documented from sea level to around , but mainly occurs below .

Diet and Hunting

The African hawk-eagle is uncommonly aggressive and bold predator. Their primary hunting tool is their powerful feet. In general, their sneaky foraging techniques recall a huge Accipiter. In terms of agility and hunting prowess, especially in terms of their short-distance flight after prey, they are also somewhat reminiscent of an Accipiter. Mostly the African hawk-eagle engages in still-hunting, wherein they scan from prey from an inconspicuous perch for a long period. When prey is spotted, the hawk-eagle engages in a low level dash from their perch in cover. They often uses cover to cloak their approach almost up the point where they strike. While it has been claimed that their flight is "silent", it would presumably be more correct to say that the hunting hawk-eagle engages in minimal flapping flight so as to not alert prey to their approach. Often, the hawk-eagles wait near prey-concentrated areas, such as waterholes and among riparian trees for birds to come to drink or by clearings that birds frequently cross. African hawk-eagles may too quarter above the ground and seize any prey they surprise. They are capable of sometimes taking birds on the wing but usually prefer to catch them on the ground and may force avian prey intercepted in the air back to the ground. Often terrestrial birds are taken right around the moment they alight. In some instances, prey may be chased, even on foot, into thickets. African hawk-eagles have seldom been recording engaging a stoop from soaring flight to capture prey. Pairs of African hawk-eagles often hunt together and in these circumstances seem to engage in deliberate cooperation, one distracting, the other striking. They share this tendency for hunting in pairs with their sister species, the Bonelli's eagle, which has been implied to engage in tandem hunts possibly for sociosexual pairing reasons rather than for obtaining larger or more difficult prey, as is typically assumed of tandem-hunting raptors. One tandem hunting pair of African hawk-eagles appeared to remarkably make use of a mesh fence to drive guineafowl into in a cunning strategy to prevent their escape. Yet another pair of African hawk-eagles appears to derive much of its prey by regularly and opportunistically perching in a tree holding a fruit bat colony.

The typical prey of African hawk-eagles tends to be medium to large-sized birds and small-to-medium-sized mammals. More seldom prey can including reptiles and insects. As much as 74-86% of the diet can be comprised by birds and as much as 54-70% of the diet can be comprised by mammals. In general, due to a combination of factors such as habitually keeping their nest area unusually clean and tendency to often evade researcher's attention due to hidden perch sites, the diet of African hawk-eagles is generally rather less well-known than larger African eagles nor is as well as known as the Bonelli's eagles diet (especially in Europe). However, what is known suggests that this is an exceptionally powerful predator and may nearly rival much larger eagles such as martial eagles (Polemaetus bellicosus) in their ability to take variably sized as well as large prey. A general picture has emerged that the African hawk-eagle is highly opportunistic and takes any variety of appropriately sized prey as it becomes available. When the habitat is locally overgrazed such as in Namibia, data suggests birds decrease in importance and mammals increase. When taking mammalian prey, they may select any mammal weighing usually more than  of up to . Largish ground feeding birds, such as francolins, spurfowls and guineafowls as well as mostly the smaller species of bustards and hornbills, seem to be the primary prey of African hawk-eagle. In Esigodini in Zimbabwe, it was found that 74% of the diet was birds. 69% of avian prey were found to be galliforms especially the helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris), which is of similar body size to the hawk-eagle itself, and Swainson's spurfowl (Pternistis swainsonii), which is about half the size of a hawk-eagle, in addition to three more francolins and spurfowls. In the Matobo Hills of Zimbabwe and surrounding hilly country, the main prey by number were Natal spurfowl (Pternistis natalensis) at 48% of the diet but the main prey by biomass was hyraxes, at 51.3% (making up 29% by number) compared to the spurfowl which comprised 32.8% of the biomass. Both Zimbabwe studies shows that African hawk-eagles would habitually take mammalian prey larger than itself, including scrub hares (Lepus saxatilis ) of an estimated average of , and yellow-spotted rock hyrax (Heterohyrax brucei) and rarely Cape hyrax (Procavia capensis), of around  with weights of infrequently up to . Large prey was primary in Tsavo East National Park, where the main prey was Kirk's dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii), at 35% of the diet. Due to the low volume of nest that could be found and studied, only a couple nests were examined for African hawk-eagles in Tsavo East and in these it was found that they principally took young dik-diks. Overall, the hawk-eagles estimated to take around 68 dik-diks annually in the park overall. Secondary prey in Tsavo East were red-crested korhaan (Lophotis ruficrista) (at 12.7%), common dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvula) (at 9.2%) and unstriped ground squirrel (Xerus rutilus) and eastern yellow-billed hornbill (Tockus flavirostris) (both at 7.2%). At a small sample from a nest in Namibia, 42% of the diet was comprised by meerkat (Suricata suricatta). In the Northwest province of South Africa,  the main prey were rock doves (Columba livia) (23.4%), Natal spurfowl (14%), 6.5% by unidentified doves and bush squirrels and 4.8% by Cape hyrax and crested francolins (Ortygornis sephaena). In Botswana, the main prey appeared to be hornbills, with one nest found to contain 25 southern yellow-billed hornbills (Tockus leucomelas) and only 5 southern red-billed hornbills  (Tockus rufirostris) while elsewhere in the Zambezi Escarpment, the red-billed hornbills dominated the diet.

A small variety of different kinds of birds has been known to be taken opportunistically by African hawk-eagles. At times, they will prey on colonial nests of birds from weavers such as red-billed queleas (Quelea quelea) to herons. Seemingly infrequently taken birds have been known to include ostrich chicks, geese, plovers, cuckoos, herons and egrets, ibises, and a small diversity of passerines. Assorted birds taken with some frequency include grey go-away-birds (Crinifer concolor), brown-necked parrots (Poicephalus fuscicollis) and several species of dove. Domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) are sometimes taken in cultivated areas by African hawk-eagles, but the species is not thought to be as much of a poultry killer as it is made out to be. Other assorted mammals include a few species of squirrels and rats as well as fruit bats, bushbabies, and even those as small as Cape short-eared gerbil (Desmodillus auricularis). Larger mammals may include species each of mongoose to as large as the banded mongoose (Mungos mungo) and hare to as large as scrub hares, in many cases these may be as heavy or heavier than the hawk-eagle itself. Other large mammalian prey can include South African springhares (Pedetes capensis) and even small vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus pygerythrus). Besides smaller antelopes like dik-diks, the young of a few antelope are known to have been attacked by African hawk-eagles: klipspringers (Oreotragus oreotragus), steenboks (Raphicerus campestris) and lechwes (Kobus leche), the latter prey weighing an estimated  and so perhaps the largest prey credited to the African hawk-eagle. Predation on reptiles seems to be fairly uncommon and few such prey are definitively identified, but both colubrid snakes and cobras are known to be included in their prey spectrum as well as lizards such as chameleons and giant plated lizards (Gerrhosaurus validus). One impressive reptilian prey item credited to an African hawk-eagle was a fairly large African rock python (Python sebae) seemingly taken alive, which would potential rival the largest mammalian prey in weight. Occasionally, this species is attributed with insect predation, usually by juveniles, but it is not clear what variety of insects are consumed. Such prey must be considered very rarely and may be often secondary ingested from the stomachs of prey such as rodents and gamebirds. The African hawk-eagle is rarely reported to scavenge on carrion but one pair was seen to repeatedly feed on the carcass of a southern reedbuck (Redunca arundinum) over 3 days.

Interspecific predatory relationships

The African hawk-eagle exists in a highly competitive region for birds of prey. They are obligated to share prey with both smaller and larger raptorial birds and have overlapping habitat areas with them as well. In Tsavo East National Park, 50% of prey was shared with tawny eagles (Aquila rapax), 37% with bateleur (Terathopius ecaudatus) and 54% with martial eagles. Tawny eagles and bateleurs are about 25% larger in body mass than the African hawk-eagle while the martial eagle can be around three times larger than the hawk-eagle. The African hawk-eagle stands as the only of the four focused-on eagles in Tsavo East to nest apart from the other eagles due to habitat use, since it is the only one to use woodland over more lightly treed savanna, probably mitigating the most fierce of the competition. All four eagles mostly preyed on Kirk's dik-diks in Tsavo East but also their nesting periods were slightly staggered with the bateleur nesting rather earlier in the year than the others on average and the African hawk-eagle on average nesting the latest, so that the primary pressure on dik-dik prey was naturally staggered.  In the hill country of Zimbabwe, similarly the findings were that highly diverged nesting areas were used compared to other eagles, namely the primarily forest-nesting crowned eagle and primarily rock-nesting Verreaux's eagle. All three eagles hunted hyraxes in the hilly areas for primary prey by weight, supplemented by young antelopes for crowned eagles and gamebirds (which were primary in number) for African hawk-eagles. However, the larger eagles (both more than twice as heavy than the hawk-eagle) primarily took hyraxes taken that were usually rather bigger than those taken by hawk-eagle, normally being at least  for the crowned and the Verreaux's while that was the very largest sizes hunted by the hawk-eagles. The African hawk-eagle was found to have the most diverse diet of the larger raptors of the region. Despite its staggered nesting areas from other eagles, it was evidenced in the hill country of Zimbabwe that the larger raptors such as the crowned and Verreaux's eagles are attacked rather frequently, usually during flying bouts near the territories of the African hawk-eagles. These findings are consistent with elsewhere, showing that larger eagles are commonly attacked by the hawk-eagles, possibly either for competitive or mobbing purposes. The predators for the African hawk-eagle are not known and studies have indicated that adult hawk-eagles have little to fear and may fulfill the niche of an apex predator, albeit one that focuses on smaller prey typically than the considerably larger eagles it co-exists with. Predation on other birds of prey is rarely documented, unlike with Bonelli's eagles, but the African hawk-eagle has been known to hunt down barn owls (Tyto alba) and black-winged kites (Elanus caeruleus).

Behaviour and Breeding

The African hawk-eagle tends to be solitary but adults frequently occur in pairs, perhaps spending more time together than is typical of many raptors. Breeding territories are established with aerial displays, which are fairly uninvolved compared to some related species. The displays are usually little more than mutual circling with intermittent calling but males sometimes uncommonly do engage in sky dances, probably only in breeding displays rather than territorial exclusion displays. During the sky dance they engage in relatively shallow undulations with steep plunges and short rises with little wing flapping. In many cases, the male will dive towards the female and the female, in turn, turns to the male and displays her claws. This mating ritual culminates in the male presenting the female with nuptial gifts in the form of prey. This species is typically highly monogamous and it is quite typical for adults to pair for life. However, a potential case of polygyny may have occurred in Ethiopia. The breeding season occurs from October to April in the north of the Equator, while it is in February–June in The Gambia. In East Africa, the nesting season is often into April–January. In Uganda, egg laying was reported in September to November with a juvenile bird seen by January. Down to Botswana and northeastern South Africa the nesting season is somewhat variable, recorded from April to October, with egg-laying peaking in June according to one authority. Nesting is ultimately timed to line up with the regional dry season.

Nest
The nest tends to be a very substantial platform-like structure of large sticks. It is typically located in the main fork or well out on a lateral branch of a large tree. The height of the nest has been recorded as being from  above the ground, generally falling somewhere between . In southern Africa, a nest at a height of  was considered unusually low. Common tree species used as nests are Acacia, Adansonia, Khaya, Terminalia and non-native Eucalyptus. Quite often, the nest trees are located in riparian areas. Rarely to exceptionally, nests may be placed elsewhere other than a tree. This seems to be case generally in East Africa where rare nests have been documented in a bush or on cliff ledge. In southern Africa sometimes nests have been placed on pylons. Nesting locations typically provide some shade but some nest sites are rather exposed, necessitating the shading of the eaglet by the female, even to a period longer than the nesting period. The nest itself is typically from  deep or sometimes more, sometimes over  with repeated additions. The interior cup of the nest is about  with the overall nest diameter is up to about . Nests repairs consists of building up the rim after the previous years flattened, reinforcing by adding new layers of sticks. Building takes about 4 to 5 weeks and sometimes repairs as long as 8 weeks. It make take several months for a new nest's construction. Limited observation suggests the male mate takes primary role in nest repair but the female may be more active in new nest construction. Females may add a majority of the fresh green leaves recorded in nests. The species tends to prefer a narrow breeding area with favorable habitat for nesting site, and in one extreme case the same general grove near Pretoria was used by different generations of hawk-eagles from 1912 to 1978. In Zimbabwe bushveld two nests were found  apart, in Kruger National Park nests were estimated to be  apart and in the well-wooded areas of the Matobos, nests were only  apart.

Eggs and incubation
The African hawk-eagle usually lays a clutch of 2 eggs. More infrequently, a clutch of 1 to 3 eggs may be laid. In Zambia, 46% of nests had one egg, the remainder all had 2 in a sample of 13 nests. However, in Malawi, 80% of 15 nests had two eggs with only the remaining 20% having one.  As of the early 1980s, only one recorded nest in southern Africa was said to contain a 3 egg clutch. The eggs have a chalky white ground color with very variable markings, varying from handsomely blotched speckled with dull rust-red to quite plain to showing coalesced markings on either end. The eggs can measure  in height, averaging , by  in diameter,  averaging , in sample of 123. Only particularly large eggs are said to measure over  high. The weight of eggs is reported , averaging some . The eggs in a multiple egg clutch are laid at about 3 or 4 day intervals, with the incubation beginning with the first egg laying. The incubation stage lasts for 42-44. The female does most of the incubation, relieved only for short spells by males who usually bring prey for her. Male incubation can be as long as an hour but usually much shorter. Over 28 hours of observation over 9 days at 2 nests, the females of the two pairs incubated a mean of 82.6% of the time to the males' 7.1%, while the remainder no incubation. Green leaves are still added by both members of the pair during incubation.

Nesting and fledging stages
A chick African hawk-eagle may take just under 2 days to hatch. Newly hatched eaglets are covered in dark grey down with whitish down on abdomen and thighs, with dull yellow cere and feet. The first coat of grey gives way to thicker and whiter 2nd coat, by 2 weeks only head and back have any grey down. By 3 weeks down predominantly white only head grey, with first remiges breaking out of quills. Feather development rapid at a month old and by 5 weeks well feathered below. At 6 weeks, the eaglet will only have remaining down on head, crop and abdomen, fully feathered by a week later but for wings and tails. The weight of 2 days old eaglets is about , about  at 9 days,  at 21 days,  at 28 days,  at 35 days, and  at 49 days. In terms of developmental growth, at 5 days old, nestling African hawk-eagles are just barely able to preen themselves and by 11 days can move slightly around the nest. Young eaglets spend a great deal of the day sleeping and most awake activity involves preening and feeding. Only at the age of 24 days can the chicks defend the nest, stand reasonably well and make a few rather clumsy wing exercises; however at this stage they cannot tear meat off of the food that a parent provide. When the eaglet is 32 days old it is mainly attended to for feeding, stands well and exercises wings. At 50 days of age, the chicks show signs of fledging through being able to feed themselves and through flapping their wings. Around this stage they may preen quite a lot, nibble on sticks of the nest and make mock kills of prey bones and of sticks. Some of these activities are said to improve coordination. Fledgling begins at between 60 and 70 days of age, reports of as little as 41 days for fledgling are probably dubious. Post-nesting attachment to parental care is not long for a tropical raptor, typically lasting about 3 to 4 weeks. Thereafter, the young African hawk-eagle may be seen farther afield but then again some are seen in the company of their parents for as long as 2 months after fledging.

A 2008 study found that the first-born chick in a nest will crush, acquire more food than, and almost inevitably kill the second, smaller chick. The smaller chick typically has little chance of survival given the size differences of the two. In one case, the younger one weighed  upon hatching, when its sibling was already , in another case the weights at the corresponding ages were  and . This is a common occurrence in many bird species, particularly predatory birds, which allows for a chick to thrive and in the unlikely event that the first chick dies, there will be the second chick to propagate the species. According to a 1959 study, the instinct for two chicks to fight subsides after a few weeks thus if the second chick manages to survive for that long, the chances that it will fledge will be increased. The same paper suggests that intrabrood cannibalism likely follows a siblicide event. No cases of 2 successfully raised young were documented in southern Africa by the 1980s but two fledglings have been claimed produced in about 20% of Kenyan nests. The reasons for the discrepancies in the two regions is not well-understood.

Parental behaviour

Parental attention may be loosely divided into three main stages: from hatching up to 2 weeks, from 2–4 weeks and from 4 weeks to fledging. During the first period, the female largely remains on nest and broods a great deal, while, as at most stages, the male provides prey but then again has been known to brood and feed a small eaglet. Upon the 2nd week, the eaglet(s) are not nearly as closely brooded. In the second 2-4 week period, the female is at nest much less but she usually perches in nest tree, male still provides much of the prey and the female continues to feed, and shade if necessary, the eaglet. During the 3rd stage, parental time at nest drops much farther and the female may still sleep on the nest overnight but possibly apart from eaglet. Only at very late stage does female start to catch prey for eaglet. Nests tend to be kept very clear; with female known to disperse pellets elsewhere and much avian prey is brought well plucked, making prey identification difficult. The parent African hawk-eagles are known to highly aggressive in protecting their nest and regularly dive on threatening or novel animals who approach the nest. Humans are not infrequently attacked around the nest and especially if climbing towards the nest, resulting in potentially painful injuries. The species ranks as perhaps one of the most aggressive African eagles in defending its nest against humans, alongside the crowned eagle, and is much more prone to diving at humans than nesting Bonelli's eagles.

Breeding success and dispersal
In a study conducted in Zimbabwe in 1988, 116 African hawk-eagle pairs were assessed in terms of breeding success in two areas of varying substrate quality. It was found that nests were placed in flat-crowned thorn trees in areas with basaltic soils and round-crowned, rough-barked trees in areas with sandy soil. Rainfall affected breeding success, laying dates and the sizes of clutches with higher success, later laying dates and larger clutch sizes correlating with higher rainfall. More breeding attempts were made in open woodland areas than in closed however the number of resulting chicks did not differ between vegetation structure. The African hawk-eagle is usually a rather sedentary and stable breeding raptor, seldom leaving a devoted area holding good prey numbers and habitat. However, one rather unsuccessful pair was recorded to have used 4 different sites in 9 years, atypical behavior for the species. Usually this species is able to breed annually,  unlike many other African eagles. For instance, at a nest site in Zimbabwe there only 2 non breeding years in 17 years, productivity overall was 0.82 young per nest per year. Other nests in Zimbabwe often failed and egg infertility was a problem, mean overall productivity was 0.54. In Kenya, 15 young were produced in 27 pair years, productivity of 0.56 young per pair per year. The mortality of young African hawk-eagles, i.e. under 4 years old, may be extremely high in some localities, up to 75%, mainly due to assorted anthropogenic causes such as persecution and collisions with manmade objects such as wires. Despite the reputation for being sedentary, according to a 2006 book, juveniles of this species can disperse considerably from the breeding grounds. The mean distance for African hawk-eagles from their ringing as nestlings to recovery was  in southern Africa. Similarly an adult hawk-eagle found dead in the Matobos was only  away from its natal site. However, one ringed hawk-eagle was found to have moved a distance of  from Limpopo in South Africa to Victoria Falls on the Zambia-Zimbabwe border, perhaps as a response to a prolonged dry spell and resulting diminishing food resources.

Status
The African hawk-eagle has a very wide range and is a relatively common species. No particular threats have been identified but the population is thought to be declining slowly. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern". BirdLife International estimated the total number of adults at around 100,000 birds, but that the supporting data are poor. In the former Transvaal province of South Africa the population of hawk-eagles was thought to be about 1,600 pairs, while overall in the southern African region an extrapolated total number of about 7,000 pairs was estimated. A 2006 study found that the African hawk eagle, among other raptor species have been declining at high rates outside of protected areas in West Africa and only seem to be stabilizing through the efforts of national parks. When numbers from 2003 to 2004 are compared to 1969-1973 in West Africa, it is found that numbers have declined even in protected areas. Overall negative population trends have also been detected for some time in southern Africa. Despite claims that declines in Malawi are due to persecution of the African hawk-eagle as a poultry thief, the much stronger cause is likely to be the pervasive destruction of woodlands. The declines are strong enough in southern Africa for the species to be thought to be extinct as breeding in Eswatini.

References

African hawk-eagle
African hawk-eagle
Birds of prey of Sub-Saharan Africa
African hawk-eagle
African hawk-eagle
Birds of East Africa
Eagles

African hawk-eagle


An Sinocalamus nhatrangensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni To Quyen Nguyen ngan Vucan. An Sinocalamus nhatrangensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sinocalamus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sinocalamus

Sinocalamus nhatrangensis


Cette page concerne les évènements survenus en 2001 en Finlande  :

Évènement
  : Décision dans l'affaire , affaire de droit du travail européen, concernant les effets d'un transfert d'entreprise sur les droits d'un employé au travail.
  :
 11- :  session du Comité du patrimoine mondial

Sport
 Championnat de Finlande de football 2001
 Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace 2000-2001
 Championnat de Finlande de hockey sur glace 2001-2002
 Championnats du monde de ski nordique 2001 à Lahti.

Culture

Sortie de film
 Joki
 Rivers and Tides

Création
 Ajo Motorsport

 Frozenbyte
 Foire du livre d'Helsinki

Dissolution - Suppression
 Mark finlandais
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Naissance
 , acteur et chanteur.
 , joueur de hockey sur glace.
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 , joueur de hockey sur glace.

Décès
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 , peintre.
 Tero Kaski, journaliste.
 , acteur.
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 , architecte.
 Kaija Siren, architecte.
 , écrivain.
 , athlète paralympique.

Notes et références

2001 en Finlande

2001 en Finlande


"කත්‍යූෂා" ( - කැතරින් යන්නට යෙදෙන අල්පාර්ථ පදයක්), 1938 දී මිහායෙල් ඉසකොව්ස්කිගේ පද රචනයෙන් මත්ව්‍යෙයි බ්ලන්ටියර් විසින් නිර්මාණය කළ රුසියානු රණ ගීයකි. එය දෙවන ලෝක යුද සමයේ දී සතුරාගෙන් මව්බිම ආරක්ෂා කරගැනීමට දිරිගැන්වීමක් ලෙස ජනප්‍රියත්වයට පත්විය.

ගීතය

ගීතයෙන් දුරක සිටින තමාගේ පෙම්වතා නැවත පැමිණෙන තෙක් බලා සිටින කත්‍යූෂා නම් යුවතියක් ගැන කියවෙයි. ඇය උස් කන්දක ගංතීරයක සිට දුර ඈත දේශසීමාවේ සේවය කරමින් සිටින සෙබළෙක් වන තම ආදරවන්තයා ("ස්ටෙප් තැන්නෙහි අළු රාජාලියෙකුට" උපමා කර ඇත) ගැන ගීයක් ගයයි. ගීතයේ තේමාව වනුයේ සෙබළා මව්බිම සහ එහි ජනතාව ආරක්ෂා කරන අතරතුර ඔහුගේ පෙම්වතිය ඔවුන්ගේ ප්‍රේමය ආරක්ෂා කරනු ඇති බව යි.

ඉදිරිපත්කිරීමේ ඉතිහාසය
"කත්‍යූෂා" ගීතය මුලින් ම 1941 ජූලි මස දී නාසි ජර්මනියට එරෙහිව යුද පෙරමුණට යන සෙබලුන්ට සමුදීම සඳහා මොස්කව්හි සෝවියට් කාර්මික විද්‍යාලයක ශිෂ්‍යාවන් පිරිසක් විසින් ගායනා කරන ලදී. එය ඉක්මනින්ම සෝවියට් සංගමය පුරා ජනප්‍රියත්වයට පත්විය. එහි පළමුවන නිල ඉදිරිපත්කිරීම මොස්කව්හි හවුස් ඔෆ් යුනියන්ස් හි කොලම් හෝල් තුළ දී වැලෙන්ටිනා බාටිශ්චෙවා විසින් සිදුකරන ලදී. පසුව එය ලිඩියා රුස්ලානොවා, ග්‍යෝර්ගි විනොග්‍රාඩොව්, එඩුවාර්ඩ් කි, අන්නා ගෙර්මාන්, ඉවාන් රිබ්‍රෝෆ්, දිමිත්‍රි වොරොස්ටොව්ස්කි, ඉයොසිෆ් කබ්සොන්, කවුන්ටර්ටෙනර් විතාස්, මරීනා දෙව්‍යාටෝවා සහ කත්‍යා ර්යබොවාගේ යුග ගායනය, එලියෙනා වයෙන්ගා, සහ වෙනත් ගායකයින් විසින් ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලදී. "කත්‍යූෂා" ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩ්‍රොව් වෘන්දයේ සමාහාරයේ කොටසකි.

මෙම ගීතය දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධයේ දී රතු හමුදාව භාවිත කළ BM-8, BM-13, සහ BM-31 "කත්‍යූෂා" රොකට් ලොන්චරවල නාමයන් සඳහා ද මූලාශ්‍රය වූ බව පැහැදිලි ය.

වෙනත් භාෂා වලින්
1943 දී, එතෙක් අක්ෂ බලවතුන්ගේ පාර්ශ්වයේ සිටි ඉතාලි රාජධානිය, මිත්‍ර පක්ෂයට එක්විය. ඊළඟ වසර දෙක තුළ දී, ඉතාලි පාක්ෂිකයෝ ඉතාලියේ සිටි ජර්මානු හමුදා සහ ඉතාලි පැසිස්ට්වාදීන්ට එරෙහිව සටන් කළහ.  විසින් "කත්‍යූෂා" සඳහා ඉතාලි පද රචනය සිදු කළේය. ඔහුගේ ඡායානුවාදය වූ Fischia il vento (සුළඟ හමයි) ගීතය, Bella ciao සහ La Brigata Garibaldi යන ගීතත් සමගම පාක්ෂිකයන් අතර ජනප්‍රියම ජයගීයක් බවට පත්විය.

නැගෙනහිර පෙරමුණෙහි අවසාන සටන් අතරතුර, නිල් සේනාංකය විසින් "කත්‍යූෂා" හි තාලය ස්පාඤ්ඤ සටන්කරුවන්ගේ අගය වර්ණනා කරන කොමියුනිස්ට්-විරෝධී ගායනයක් වූ Primavera (වසන්තය) නම් අනුවාදයක් සඳහා යොදාගන්නා ලදී.

ග්‍රීක සිවිල් යුද්ධය (1946–1949) අතරතුර, 1941 ජර්මානු ආක්‍රමණයට එරෙහිව සටන් කළ ග්‍රීක පාක්ෂිකයෝ ඔවුන්ගේ "කත්‍යූෂා" අනුවාදය, Ο ύμνος του ΕΑΜ (EAM ගීතිකාව) නමින් රචනා කළහ. මෙම අනුවාදය බොහෝ පසුකාලීන ව Thanos Mikroutsikos විසින් පටිගත කරන ලද අතර Maria Dimitriadi විසින් ගයනා කරන ලදී.ගීතය 1945 දී හීබෲ භාෂාවට පරිවර්තනය කර ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලදී, එතැන් පටන් එය ඊශ්‍රායෙලයේ ජනප්‍රියත්වයට පත්ව ඇත. එමෙන්ම කත්‍යූෂා 20වන ශතවර්ෂයේ ඇති වූ සෝවියට් සංගමයේ බලපෑම නිසා චීනය තුළ ද ජනප්‍රියත්වයට පත්ව ඇති ගීතයකි.

මූලාශ්‍ර

කත්‍යූෂා (ගීතය)


Scopolia caucasica er fjölær jurt af náttskuggaætt. Hún er ættuð frá norður Kákasus.

Tilvísanir

Náttskuggaætt
Lækningajurtir

Scopolia caucasica


المليالمية العربية (عَرَبِ مَلَیَاۻَمٛ، وبالحروف المالايالامية  و) هي اللغة المالايالامية المكتوبة بالأبجدية العربية.

كتابة

انظر أيضا

 لغة كونكنية

حواش

أبجديات مشتقة من العربية
حضارة إسلامية
لغات الهند
لغات درافيدية
لغة ماليالامية

ماليالامية عربية


Viorel Mardare () a fost un regizor și cineast moldovean. Este cunoscut pentru promovarea imaginii Republicii Moldova în lume, mai ales pentru filmulețul "Go on. Fruits from Moldova".

Biografie
Viorel Mardare în 2004 a absolvit Facultatea de Jurnalism și Știinte ale Comunicării din cadrul Universității de Stat din Moldova, ulterior și-a făcut studiile la Academia de Muzică, Teatru și Arte Plastice din Chișinău, specializare Regie Film, absolvind în anul 2008.

Viorel Mardare a devenit cunoscut în Republica Moldova dar și în străinătate datorită numeroaselor filmulețe de promovare a Republicii Moldova, dar și pentru creația originală în arta filmului publicistic, fiind, de asemenea și autorul mai multor pamflete, editoriale și cronici de presă în care ridiculiza societatea moldovenească și valorile false promovate. Viorel Mardare s-a remarcat ca un tânăr cineast activând în echipele lui Igor Cobileanski și Sergiu Prodan.

Din 31 decembrie 2011 până în 2013, a prezentat emisiunea "Ministerul Adevărului" la Jurnal TV, în colaborare cu Nata Albot, Andrei Bolocan, Sîrghi Cobzaru și Oleg Brega.

În ziua de 9 martie 2019 a încetat din viață, fiind răpus de cancer. Boala lui Viorel Mardare a mobilizat sute de oameni din Moldova, dar și depeste hotarele ei și în timp record a fost adunată o sumă impunătoare de bani pentru primul curs de chimioterapie. A fost înmormântat la Cimitirul Central din Chișinău la data de 11 martie 2019.

Legături externe

Viorel Posmotrel blog
Purcari Winery pays homage to late director Viorel Mardare, IPN, 7 octombrie 2021

Note

Nașteri în 1981
Actori moldoveni
Oameni din Chișinău
Decese în 2019
Decese pe 9 martie
Actori români
Regizori români
Români basarabeni
Decese cauzate de cancer

Viorel Mardare


Bjelkarøy (officiellement Bjelkarøyna ) est une île norvégienne de la municipalité d'Øygarden dans le comté de Vestland.

Étymologie
Le nom Bjelkarøyna a été créé en 1999. L'orthographe Bjelkarøy est celle qui est généralement utilisée, mais n'est pas approuvée.

Démographie
Elle compte environ 15 résidents permanents.

Géographie
Bjelkarøy est reliée par ferry à Klokkarvik, Lerøy et Hjellestad. Le conseil municipal a adopté un plan de zonage pour le pont entre Bjelkarøy et Lerøy.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Île de Vestland

Bjelkarøy


Carreg Cennen Castle (walisisk: Castell Carreg Cennen der betyder borg (på) klippe (over) Cennen) er en borg, der kan dateres til 1100-tallet. Den ligger nær floden Cennen i landsbyen Trap omkring 6 km syd for Llandeilo i Carmarthenshire i Wales. Borgen ligger i Brecon Beacons National Park, og den placering er blevet beskrevet som "spektakulær", da den er opført på toppen af en kalkstensklint. Den har været i ruiner siden 1462, og den ejes nu af Cadw, der er den walisiske regerings historisk bevaringsorganisation.

Se også
 Liste over borge og slotte i Wales

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 www.geograph.co.uk : photos of Carreg Cennen and surrounding area
 Aerial photographs of Carreg Cennen Castle taken by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
 History of Castell Carreg Cennen

Slotte i Wales
Borgruiner i Wales

Carreg Cennen Castle


An Habenaria nigerica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Victor Samuel Summerhayes. An Habenaria nigerica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria nigerica


PGN may refer to:

Paignton railway station, National Rail station code PGN
Parameter Group Number, as defined in the Society of Automotive Engineers J1939 standard
Peptidoglycan, a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a bacterial cell wall
Pertamina Gas Negara, a natural gas transportation and distribution company in Indonesia
Philadelphia Gay News, a newspaper in the Philadelphia area, Pennsylvania, United States
Portable Game Notation, a computer data format for recording chess games

PGN


Die Kurri-Kurri-Aluminiumhütte nahm 1969 bei Kurri Kurri, einer Stadt in der Hunterregion in New South Wales, Australien, ihre Aluminiumproduktion auf. Betrieben wird die Hütte mit einer jährlichen Kapazität von 180.000 Tonnen Aluminium von der Kurri Kurri Pty Limited seit 2002, als sie der weltweit agierende norwegische Konzern Hydro Aluminium Group von der VAW aluminium AG zu 100 Prozent übernahm.

Hydro Aluminium investierte 2005 AUD 40 Millionen um die Anlagen der Aluminiumhütte zu erneuern, dabei sollte der Schadstoffausstoß minimiert und die Kapazität um 6.000 Tonnen Aluminium erhöht worden sein.

Aluminiumhütten sind industrielle Großanlage, die in der Schmelzelektrolyse unter hohem Energieaufwand Aluminium aus Aluminiumoxid herstellen. Im Hall-Héroult-Prozess wird aus Aluminiumoxid reines Aluminium über die Schmelzflusselektrolyse gewonnen. Dabei wird Aluminiumoxid mit einer Schmelztemperatur von 2045 °C mit Kryolith vermischt, um die Schmelztemperatur zu senken. In diesem Prozess kann die Schmelztemperatur auf 950 °C gesenkt werden, was die Elektrolyse ermöglicht. Diese Aluminiumhütte ist, wie alle derartigen Hütten, 365 Tage in Betrieb und kann nicht ohne Weiteres komplett abgeschaltet und zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt wieder angefahren werden.

Nachdem bereits im Januar 2012 eine der drei Produktionslinien des Werkes heruntergefahren wurde, verkündete die Norsk Hydro ASA im Juni 2012 die Schließung der Kurri Kurri Hütte vor dem Hintergrund einer weltweiten Überkapazität an Primäraluminium und eines starken Australischen Dollars, worunter die Profitabilität des Werkes seit längerem gelitten hatte.

Siehe auch
 Bauxitbergbau in Australien

Einzelnachweise

Produzierendes Unternehmen (New South Wales)
Aluminiumhersteller

Kurri-Kurri-Aluminiumhütte


The Fiji mermaid (also Feejee mermaid) was an object composed of the torso and head of a juvenile monkey sewn to the back half of a fish. It was a common feature of sideshows where it was presented as the mummified body of a creature that was supposedly half mammal and half fish, a version of a mermaid. The original had fish scales with animal hair superimposed on its body and pendulous breasts on its chest. The mouth was wide open with its teeth bared. The right hand was against the right cheek, and the left tucked under its lower left jaw. This mermaid was supposedly caught near the Fiji Islands in the South Pacific. Several replicas and variations have also been made and exhibited under similar names and pretexts. P. T. Barnum exhibited the original in Barnum's American Museum in New York in 1842, but it then disappeared—likely destroyed in one of the many fires that destroyed parts of Barnum's collections.

History
Barnum, in his autobiography, described the mermaid as "an ugly dried-up, black-looking diminutive specimen, about 3 feet long. Its mouth was open, its tail turned over, and its arms thrown up, giving it the appearance of having died in great agony," a significant departure from traditional depictions of mermaids as attractive creatures.

American sea captain Samuel Barrett Edes bought Barnum's "mermaid" from Japanese sailors in 1822 for $6,000, using money from the ship's expense account. Other accounts say a captain of an American whaler bought it for $5,000 in Batavia, Dutch Indonesia. Either way, the mermaid is believed to be one of many being manufactured commercially in Japan, by fishermen with a sense of humor as well as profit-mindedness. It was possibly a composite of a "blue-faced monkey and a salmon" in this case.

The mermaid was displayed in London in 1822, advertised in a publication by J. Limbird in the Mirror, and displayed the Turf Coffee-house, St. James's Street. An etching of it was made by artist George Cruikshank in 1822.

Captain Edes' son took possession of the mermaid and sold it to Moses Kimball of the Boston Museum in 1842, and he brought it to New York City that summer to show it to P. T. Barnum. Barnum had a naturalist examine it who would not attest to its authenticity. Nevertheless, Barnum believed that the relic would draw the public to the museum. Kimball remained the creature's sole owner, while Barnum leased it for $12.50 a week. Barnum generated publicity for the object by having an agent send anonymous letters to New York newspapers from Montgomery, Alabama, and Charleston, South Carolina, contending that "Dr. J. Griffin" had an object which he had caught in South America. Griffin was actually being impersonated by Levi Lyman, one of Barnum's associates. To keep the plan working, Griffin checked in to a Philadelphia hotel, then showed the mermaid to the landlord as a thanks for his hospitality. The landlord was so intrigued that he begged Griffin to show it to some of his friends, many of whom were editors.

Griffin traveled to New York and displayed it to a small audience, then displayed it as the Fiji Mermaid in the concert hall for a week. It was actually only displayed for five days because Barnum had "convinced" Griffin to bring it to the American Museum of Natural History. Barnum printed 10,000 pamphlets which described general information about mermaids and stories about his specimen in particular.

Later incarnations

In his Secrets of the Sideshows, Joe Nickell documents several modern-day claimants to the title of Barnum's "true" original mermaid, or as he describes them, "fakes of Barnum's fake". Exhibits at Ripley's Believe It or Not!, Coney Island's Sideshow by the Seashore, and Bobby Reynolds' traveling sideshow all lay claim to the title, but according to Nickell's opinion, none of them are to be believed. He also describes an update of the tradition that uses an elaborate system to project the image of a live woman into a fishbowl, giving the appearance that she is only an inch or two long. He relates the story of a performer who was smoking a cigarette in her hidden chamber; the man outside was confronted by an angry patron who demanded to know how this was possible if the "mermaid" was underwater.

A guide to constructing a Fiji mermaid appeared in the November 2009 issue of Fortean Times magazine, in an article written by special effects expert and stop-motion animator Alan Friswell. Rather than building the figure with fish and monkey parts, Friswell used papier mache and modelling putty, sealed with wallpaper paste, and with doll's hair glued to the scalp.

See also
Amabie
Ningyo
Jenny Haniver

References

https://books.google.com/books?id=5d3BJvgwNykC&q=batavia&pg=PA302
Bibliography

External links
The Feejee Mermaid Hoax
Analysis of a Fiji mermaid from the Horniman Museum

Sideshow attractions
Hoaxes in the United States
Mermaids
19th-century hoaxes
Taxidermy hoaxes

Fiji mermaid