Tamaské ist eine Landgemeinde im Departement Keita in Niger.

Geographie
Tamaské liegt in der Sahelzone. Die Nachbargemeinden sind Kalfou im Nordwesten, Keita im Nordosten, Garhanga im Südosten und Badaguichiri im Süden. Im Gemeindegebiet von Tamaské gibt es 44 Dörfer und 30 Weiler. Der Hauptort der Landgemeinde ist das Dorf Tamaské. Es liegt auf einer Höhe von . Ein weiteres großes Dorf im Gemeindegebiet ist Sakolé.

Weite Teile der Gemeinde einschließlich des Hauptorts befinden sich in der Gebirgslandschaft Ader Doutchi. Die Haupttäler in Tamaské sind das Tamaské-Tal, in dem der Gemeindehauptort liegt, sowie das Keita-Tal, das Laba-Tal und das Doudoubey-Tal, die sich alle in den östlichen Nachbargemeinden fortsetzen.

Geschichte
Tamaské lag im letzten Drittel des 19. Jahrhunderts am südöstlichen Rand des Herrschaftsgebiets der Tuareg-Untergruppe Ullemmeden.

Bei der Ankunft der ersten französischen Militärexpedition im Jahr 1900 war Tamaské bereits eine große Hausa-Siedlung. Frankreich richtete 1901 einen Militärposten im Ort ein. Im Frieden von Tamaské unterwarf sich die Tuareg-Untergruppe Kel Gress im selben Jahr den Franzosen, nachdem sie zuvor in den Schlachten von Zanguébé und Galma besiegt worden war. Der Markt von Tamaské war einer der bedeutendsten Märkte in der Region, die zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts von der französischen Verwaltung zugelassen wurden. Der britische Reiseschriftsteller A. Henry Savage Landor besuchte Tamaské 1906 im Rahmen seiner zwölfmonatigen Afrika-Durchquerung und pries die reizvolle Lage des Orts und die Bauweise der Häuser in dieser Gegend. Im Jahr 1913 wurde Tamaské als eigener Kanton aus dem Kanton Keita herausgelöst. Die 227 Kilometer lange Piste für Reiter zwischen den Orten Tahoua und Kornaka, die durch Tamaské führte, galt in den 1920er Jahren als einer der Hauptverkehrswege in der damaligen französischen Kolonie Niger.

Tamaské erhielt 1988 gemeinsam mit neun weiteren nigrischen Orten den Status einer Gemeinde (französisch: commune). Zuvor hatte es landesweit zwölf Gemeinden gegeben. Das Territorium der 2002 im Zuge einer landesweiten Verwaltungsreform geschaffenen Landgemeinde Tamaské entspricht dem des Kantons Tamaské.

Bevölkerung
Bei der Volkszählung 2012 hatte die Landgemeinde 111.358 Einwohner, die in 15.713 Haushalten lebten. Bei der Volkszählung 2001 betrug die Einwohnerzahl 67.486 in 10.221 Haushalten.

Im Hauptort lebten bei der Volkszählung 2012 21.387 Einwohner in 2868 Haushalten, bei der Volkszählung 2001 12.929 in 1953 Haushalten und bei der Volkszählung 1988 10.531 in 1539 Haushalten.

Politik
Der Gemeinderat (conseil municipal) hat 25 gewählte Mitglieder. Mit den Kommunalwahlen 2020 sind die Sitze im Gemeinderat wie folgt verteilt: 21 PNDS-Tarayya, 2 ADN-Fusaha, 1 ADEN-Karkara und 1 MPR-Jamhuriya.

Jeweils ein traditioneller Ortsvorsteher (chef traditionnel) steht an der Spitze von 37 Dörfern in der Gemeinde, darunter dem Hauptort.

Kultur und Sehenswürdigkeiten
Im Jahr 1979 wurde im Hauptort eine große Moschee im irakischen Stil errichtet. Finanziert wurde der Bau von Hausa-Händlern aus Tamaské, die nach Nigeria ausgewandert waren. Im Dorf Zangarata steht eine in traditioneller Lehmbauweise errichtete Moschee.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Im Hauptort wird ein Viehmarkt abgehalten. Der Markttag ist Sonntag. Im Jahr 2010 wurde in Tamaské ein Handelszentrum für Zwiebeln eröffnet, nachdem 2007 in Tsernaoua die landesweit erste derartige Einrichtung geschaffen worden war. Die Region Tahoua ist für den Zwiebelanbau bekannt. Das staatliche Versorgungszentrum für landwirtschaftliche Betriebsmittel und Materialien (CAIMA) unterhält Verkaufsstellen im Hauptort sowie in den Dörfern Darèye und Hiro. In der Gemeinde befindet sich eine von drei Gerbereien in der Region Tahoua. Die beiden anderen sind in der Regionalhauptstadt Tahoua und im zur Landgemeinde Galma Koudawatché gehörenden Dorf Magaria Makéra Bakalé. Die Niederschlagsmessstation im Hauptort liegt auf  Höhe und wurde 1959 in Betrieb genommen.

Gesundheitszentren des Typs Centre de Santé Intégré (CSI) sind im Hauptort sowie in den Siedlungen Doudoubeye Tchédia, Goarome, Hiro und Sakolé vorhanden. Die Gesundheitszentren im Hauptort, in Doudoubeye Tchédia und in Goarome verfügen jeweils über ein eigenes Labor und eine Entbindungsstation. In weiteren Dörfern gibt es einfache Krankenstationen vom Typ Case de Santé (SC). Das einzige Krankenhaus und die einzige Apotheke im Departement befinden sich in der Hauptstadt Keita. Der CEG Tamaské und der CEG Sakolé sind allgemein bildende Schulen der Sekundarstufe des Typs Collège d'Enseignement Général (CEG). Das Berufsausbildungszentrum Centre de Formation aux Métiers de Tamaské (CFM Tamaské) bietet Lehrgänge in familiärer Wirtschaft, Tischlerei und Schneiderei an.

Tamaské liegt an der Nationalstraße 16.

Literatur

Weblinks
 Observations for location Tamaské, near to. In: West African Bird DataBase (englisch).

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Niger
Tahoua (Region)
Ort in Afrika

Tamaské


Simon Vetter Laursen (født 21. maj 1995 i Aalestrup) er en dansk fodboldspiller, der siden sommeren 2015 har spillet for Kjellerup IF i 2. division.

I dag er Simon en lærervikar på Aalestrup Realskole, hvor han underviser i næsten alle fag på skolen, fx dansk, e-sport, matematik og historie.

Klubkarriere
Vetter er opvokset i Aalestrup i en fodboldinteresseret familie. Farfaren Kjeld, faren Lars og onkel Rasmus har alle spillet divisionskampe for Viborg FF. Simon Vetter begyndte at spille fodbold i Aalestrup Idrætsforening, og havde som U/12-spiller én sæson i Viborg FF. I sommeren 2008 skiftede han til Aars IKs U/15 drenge-hold. Derefter begyndte han at spille håndbold, og droslede derefter lidt ned for fodbolden, indtil han ved en skolefodboldturnering blev tilbudt at komme til Viborg for at træne.

Viborg FF
I sommeren 2010 skiftede Simon Vetter som ny U/17-spiller permanent til Viborg FFs elitesatsning FK Viborg. I januar 2012 underskrev han en ungdomskontrakt med VFF gældende til sommeren 2014.

Selvom Vetter kun var U/19 spiller, blev han 28. august 2013 udtaget til en pokalkamp på udebane mod Jammerbugt FC. Her fik han de sidste 12 minutter på banen, som afløser for Ousmane Sarr. Hermed blev Simon Vetter fjerde generation i familien, som fik debut for Viborg FFs førstehold. Få dage efter, 1. oktober, sad han på bænken i hele kampen i Superligaen mod F.C. København på Viborg Stadion. I marts 2014 sad han også på bænken i Viborgs kampe mod OB og Brøndby.

I sæsonen 2013/14 blev Simon Vetter klubbens topscorer på U/19-holdet, hvilket blev belønnet med en ét-årig fuldtidskontrakt, hvor han samtidig blev rykket op på klubbens bedste hold, der skulle spille i 1. division, efter nedrykning fra Superligaen.

Den 27. august 2014 fik Simon Vetter de første minutter i en ligakamp for Viborg FF, da han efter 81 minutter mod AC Horsens blev indskiftet på Viborg Stadion i stedet for Kevin Mensah. I den første halvdel af sæsonen i 1. division spillede Viborg 18 kampe. Her kom Vetter på banen i tre af dem, og fik samlet 18 spilleminutter. Han sad på bænken i ti hele kampe, og i fem var han ikke udtaget til truppen. I starten af sæsonen fik han 16 minutter i en pokalkamp mod AGF.

På grund af konkurrence fra de andre angribere i truppen som Jeppe Curth, Serges Déblé, Aleksandar Stankov og Alhaji Gero, havde Simon Vetter ikke udsigt til meget spilletid i foråret 2015, og han blev derfor resten af sæsonen og sin kontraktperiode med Viborg FF, udlejet til naboklubben Kjellerup IF, som på dette tidspunkt lå i bunden af 2. division Vest. Han scorede ét mål i foråret for klubben. Under lejemålet med Kjellerup, underskrev Simon Vetters lillebror, Jacob, en kontrakt med Viborg. Efter opholdet hos Kjellerup, hvor klubben var rykket ned i Danmarksserien, fik Simon Vetter i sommeren 2015 ikke forlænget sin kontrakt med Viborg FF.

Kjellerup IF
Efter kontraktudløb med Viborg FF den 30. juni 2015 vendte Simon Vetter tilbage til Kjellerup IF, og lavede en amatøraftale med klubben. Den var netop rykket ud af 2. division, og skulle spille 2015-16 sæsonen i Danmarksserien. Efter 26 runder i Danmarksserien vandt Kjellerup rækken med 12 point ned til nummer to fra Vejgaard BK. Ud af klubbens 68 mål scorede Simon Vetter de ti, og blev Kjellerups tredje mest scorende spiller i sæsonen.

Efter ni kampe i 2. divisions, pulje 3, lå Kjellerup i starten af oktober 2016 på 4. pladsen, og Vetter havde ikke scoret nogle af klubbens 16 mål.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Simon Vetters profil på transfermarkt.co.uk

Personer fra Aalestrup
Fodboldspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra Kjellerup IF
Fodboldspillere fra Viborg FF

Simon Vetter


is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Takeshi Konomi. The manga was serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump from July 1999 to March 2008, with its chapters collected in 42 tankōbon volumes. Viz Media licensed the manga for English release in North America.

A 178-episode anime television series adaptation animated by Trans Arts, co-produced by Nihon Ad Systems and TV Tokyo, was broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 2001 to March 2005. A sequel of three original video animation (OVA) series, totaling 26 episodes, were released from March 2006 to January 2009. In North America, the anime series was first licensed by Viz Media and later by Funimation.

The Prince of Tennis developed into a media franchise, including a long-running radio show, numerous video games, well over 250 soundtracks and CDs, and other merchandise. Since 2003, more than fifteen stage musicals adaptations have been produced. An anime film premiered in January 2005. A live-action film premiered in May 2006. A 3DCG film premiered in September 2021.

A sequel to the manga, titled The New Prince of Tennis, began serialization in Shueisha's Jump Square in March 2009, with the story taking place several months after the end of the original manga.

By November 2019, The Prince of Tennis manga had over 60 million copies in circulation, making it one of the best-selling manga series.

Plot

The series is primarily set in Tokyo, and centers around Ryoma Echizen, a tennis prodigy who attends , or  for short, a school that is known for its strong tennis club and talented players. Shortly after entrance, Ryoma quickly defeats numerous upperclassmen, securing himself a spot as one of the team's regulars. In pursuit of their ultimate goal of winning the National Middle School Tennis Championship, members of the team make new friends while learning and mastering increasingly complex techniques. Ryoma also begins to develop his own style of tennis and eventually realizes what the sport really means to him.

Media

Manga

Written and illustrated by Takeshi Konomi, The Prince of Tennis started in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump on July 6, 1999. The series was put under hiatus when Konomi was injured in an accident during July 2006, but publication resumed in September 2006. The series finished on March 3, 2008. Shueisha collected its 379 individual chapters into forty-two tankōbon volumes published from January 7, 2000, to June 4, 2008.

In North America, Viz Media announced the acquisition of the series in February 2004. The 42 volumes were released from April 21, 2004. to July 5, 2011.

A 4-panel manga parody by Ken-ichi Sakura, titled , began in Jump Square on November 4, 2008. The first collected volume was released on June 4, 2010. As of September 3, 2021, seven volumes have been released.

A sequel to the manga series, titled , was announced in the December issue of Jump Square, published on November 4, 2008. The series began serialization in Jump Square on March 4, 2009. The story is set several months after the end of the first manga, and features Ryoma returning to Japan after his stay in America.

Anime

An anime television series adaptation animated by Trans Arts, co-produced by Nihon Ad Systems and directed by Takayuki Hamana, was broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 10, 2001, to March 30, 2005, spanning a total of 178 episodes. The episodes were collected in forty-five DVD sets, released from January 25, 2002, to October 28, 2005.

In North America, the anime series was licensed by Viz Media. On April 24, 2007, Viz Media released the first The Prince of Tennis box set in the United States. Viz Media has also opted to not include the Japanese opening and ending themes, instead using electric guitar music. However, the original music themes can be found in the DVD extras of disc 3. As of January 15, 2008, four box sets have been released by Viz. The four box sets contain the first 50 episodes of the series.  On April 2, 2021, Funimation announced they had licensed the series, and it would stream on their website with a new English dub.

Original video animations
The anime television series was followed by a three original video animation (OVA) series which adapted the "National Tournament" arc. The first 13-episode OVA was launched on seven DVDs from March 24, 2006, to March 23, 2007; The second 6-episode OVA was launched on three DVDs from June 22, 2007, to January 25, 2008; The third 7-episode OVA was launched on four DVDs (including the first numbered 0) from April 25, 2008; to January 23, 2009.

A 4-episode OVA, subtitled "Another Story", was released on two DVDs on May 26 and September 25, 2009. A 4-episode sequel to "Another Story" was released on two DVDs on August 26 and October 26, 2011.

Musicals

Beginning in 2003, a series of Prince of Tennis musicals began. Each year sees two musicals based on the storyline come out in the summer and winter, with a 'Dream Live' performance each Spring, featuring numerous actors and past songs. Each storyline musical adapts a single arc of the manga, typically one specific match against a team. Due to the aging of the actors, all the main characters have been recast several times.

Films
 is the first animated film of the series. It was released on January 29, 2005, and co-aired with a short film, .

On May 13, 2006, a live-action film adaptation premiered in Japan.

 is the second film directed by Shunsuke Tada. It was released on August 14, 2011.

At the Jump Festa '19 event, a new film titled Ryōma! Shinsei Gekijōban Tennis no Ōji-sama (Ryoma! Rebirth: The Prince of Tennis Movie) was announced. The film features an original story set between the end of The Prince of Tennis manga and the start of The New Prince of Tennis manga. The film is in 3DCG, and is directed by Hiroshi Kōjina and animated by The Monk Studios and Keica with cooperation by Studio Kai. Takehito Hata is writing scripts, Kei Tsuda is composing the music, and Konomi himself is supervising the film and writing all insert songs. It was initially scheduled to be released in early 2020, but it was delayed to September 3, 2021. Eleven Arts licensed the film for international release.

Video games

The Prince of Tennis franchise has spawned many different video games. The vast majority of these are either tennis games or dating sims, and they are spread across several different video game consoles. The first of these games was released for the PlayStation console on February 20, 2002, and is the only game which holds the simple Prince of Tennis title – all of the following game titles are preceded by the "Prince of Tennis" title. This was followed by Genius Boys Academy, which was released for the Game Boy Advance on April 25, 2002. Since then, several other video games have been released for different gaming consoles, including one more PlayStation game, three Game Boy Advance games, five Nintendo DS games, thirteen PlayStation 2 games, and one mobile game. The latest game to be released was New Prince of Tennis: Rising Beat in 2017, a rhythm-based mobile game developed by Bushiroad. This game is first game to be released outside of Japan.

Additionally, characters from The Prince of Tennis appeared in the Shōnen Jump based video games Jump Super Stars and Jump Ultimate Stars.

Dramas

There also are two Chinese dramas based on "The Prince of Tennis" story, with the titles of "The Prince of Tennis" (Mandarin: "网球王子"; Pinyin: "Wang Qiu Wang Zi") and "Go for It! The Prince of Tennis" (Mandarin: "加油! 网球王子"; Pinyin: "Jia You! Wang Qiu Wang Zi"). The first is the first season, while the second is the second season. There are some differences due to localization for names and cultural themes, including all the characters being renamed, but is still recognizable from its story and the characters' portrayal. The first season covers from when Ryoma first appears in the series up to the end of their equivalent of the Tokyo Prefecturals, while the second season picks up from the end of the first season and goes to the end of their equivalent of the Kanto Tournament. Due to being based on the anime, Josei Shonan is included. In addition, hints of the live-action film is present.

A third Chinese drama, produced by Netflix in 2019, is called The Prince of Tennis (奋斗吧,少年!or Forge On, Young Men). It is set in China. A reticent talented teenage tennis player returns to China after spending his childhood overseas—the show does not specify where he spends his childhood—but he is trapped under the shadows of his father who used to be a top tennis player. When he joins a high school in China, he learns the importance of friendship and teamwork, and perhaps even gains his self-identity.

Other media
The series has produced a half-hour weekly radio show, over 300 music CDs and a large selection of merchandise. Including a trading card game and  figures. Three live events, "TeniPuri Perfect Live" in 2003, "The 100 song marathon" in 2008 and "Tenipuri Festa" in 2009, were held by the TeniPuri voice actors and Konomi Takeshi himself.

The 1986 J-pop song "Valentine Kiss" by Sayuri Kokushō was covered multiple times by multiple characters in the series. From February 2004 through February 2010, a total of nine different versions of the song were released (seven individually, and the final two together). The first one, featuring the character Keigo Atobe (voiced by Junichi Suwabe) reached No. 14 on the Oricon charts.

Reception
The Prince of Tennis has become a successful franchise. By March 2008, the first 40 volumes of the manga had sold over 40 million copies. By January 2012, the manga had over 51 million copies in circulation. By November 2019, the manga had over 60 million copies in circulation.

Carl Kimlinger from Anime News Network reviewed the first DVD box set released by Viz Media, and commented that "Prince of Tennis is among the dregs of the genre." They go on to say that it is "boring" and "lacks the human drama necessary to get audiences to care who wins or loses." Chris Beveridge of Mania.com, however, commented that the show "takes the usual themes in sports shows and applies them masterfully." DVD Talk takes more of a nonchalant view, commenting that the "series is okay but not great" and that it has some charm, which will make you not regret watching it. Active Anime also gave praise to the series, saying that it "holds some surprising twists to the regular sports drama formula", and praised the suspenseful matches and innovative techniques.

In a 2005 poll conducted by TV Asahi for the 100 most popular anime television series, The Prince of Tennis came in 27th place. They also conducted an online web poll, in which The Prince of Tennis placed eighteenth. Nearly a  year later, TV Asahi once again conducted an online poll for the top 100 anime series, and The Prince of Tennis advanced in rank and came in eighth place. They also surveyed Japanese celebrities for their favorite anime, where the series only came in 68th out of the top 100.

Notes

References

External links
 Official sites
 Animax's official Prince of Tennis website (Archived)
 TV Tokyo's Prince of Tennis Site
 Shin Prince of Tennis website
 Official Prince of Tennis Site
 Viz's Shonen Jump's The Prince of Tennis Site (Archived)

 Profiles

Chinese television dramas based on manga
Coming-of-age anime and manga
Funimation
Manga adapted into films
Production I.G
Shōnen manga
Shueisha franchises
Shueisha manga
Tennis in anime and manga
Tezuka Productions
TV Tokyo original programming
Viz Media anime
Viz Media manga

The Prince of Tennis


Karlsruher SC er þýskt knattspyrnufélag staðsett í Karlsruhe. Helsti rígur þess er við nágranna sína í VfB Stuttgart. Þeirra síðasti stóri titill var  Intertoto-Bikarinn sem þeir unnu árið 1996.

Árangur Karlsruher SC

Titlar
 Þýskir meistarar: 1
 1909
 Þýskir Bikarmeistarar: 2
 1954–55, 1955–56
 Intertoto-Bikarinn: 1
 1996

Þekktir Leikmenn
 Oliver Kahn
 Mehmet Scholl
 Guido Buchwald
 Hans Cieslarczyk
 Marco Engelhardt
 Thomas Hässler
 Jens Nowotny
 Dirk Schuster
 Michael Tarnat
 Bakary Soumare
 Joachim Löw

Þjálfarar
 Reinhold Fanz (2004-2005)
 Lorenz-Günther Köstner (2002-2004)
 Stefan Kuntz (2000-2002)
 Joachim Löw (1999-2000)
 Jörg Berger (1998)
 Winfried Schäfer (1986-1998)

Staða í Deild

Tengill
 Heimasíða félagsins

Þýsk knattspyrnufélög
Karlsruhe
stofnað 1894

Karlsruher SC


Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Erharting

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Weitere Ortsteile

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Erharting

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Erharting
Baudenkmaler Erharting

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Erharting


ආස්ථා අගර්වාල් යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී නිළියකි. ඇය ප්‍රකට වූයේ සප්නේ සුහානේ ලඩාක්පන් කේ සහ ඒක් තා රාජා ඒක් ති රාණි කතාමාලාවන්හි ඇය නිරූපණය කළ දුෂ්ට චරිත නිසාවෙනි. ඇය කවච්...කාලි ශක්තියොන් සේ කතාමාලාවේ මින්ටිගේ චරිතය නිරූපණය කළා ය. ඇය ග්ලැඩ්‍රැග්ස් මිසිස් ඉන්ඩියා 2014හි ජයග්‍රාහිකාව ද වේ. වර්තමානයේ ඇය ක්‍යා හල් මිස්ටර් පංචාල් කතාමාලාවේ ප්‍රාථ්නාගේ චරිතය නිරූපණය කරයි.

මුල්කාලීන දිවිය

දිල්ලියේ උපත ලබා හැදීවැඩුණු මැය දිල්ලියේ GGSIPU විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ IGIT වෙතින් ඉංජිනේරු (ඉලෙක්ට්‍රෝනික සහ සන්නිවේදන) විද්‍යාව හදාරා ඇත. ඇය වර්ෂ දෙකක් පුන්ජ් ලොයිඩ් ලිමිටඩ්හි සේවය කොට තිබේ.

රූපවාහිනිය
 2017, ක්‍යා හල් මිස්ටර් පංචාල් - ප්‍රථනා පංචාල් ලෙස
 2017, ඛත්මාල් ඉ ඉෂ්ක් - බීබා ලෙස
 2016, සාව්ධාන් ඉන්ඩියා - බින්දියා ලෙස
 2016, ඛිඩ්කි - අංජලී ලෙස
 2016, භාරත්වර්ෂ් - සංයෝගිතා ලෙස
 2016, කවච්...කාලි ශක්තියොන් සේ - මින්ටි ලෙස
 2016, දාර් සබ්කෝ ලග්තා හේ - බිනී ලෙස
 2015, ඒක් තා රාජා ඒක් ති රාණි - ජුම්කි ලෙස
 2015, ක්‍රිෂාන් කන්හයියා - සෝනු ලෙස
 2015, පීටර්සන් හිල් - මීනා ලෙස
 2014, බෙයින්තෙහා - රිඩා ඛාන් ලෙස
 2014, සප්නේ සුහානේ ලඩාක්පන් කේ - විධි ලෙස
 2014, ඒක් හසීනා තී - ආෂ්කා ලෙස

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

බාහිර සබැඳි

 ෆේස්බුක් පිටුව
 ඉන්ස්ටග්‍රෑම් පිටුව

මුම්බායිහි නිළියෝ
ජීවත්වන්නෝ
හින්දි රූපවාහිනියේ නිළියෝ
21 වන සියවස තුළ ඉන්දියානු නිළියෝ
දිල්ලියේ නිළියෝ
ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී නිළියෝ

ආස්ථා අගර්වාල්


FC St. Gallen 1879 (Fussballclub St. Gallen 1879 ) er en schweizisk fodboldklub baseret i St. Gallen. Klubben spiller for øjeblikket i den schweiziske Super League 2018-2019.

Historie

FC St. Gallen blev grundlagt den 19. april 1879 og er den ældste klub, der stadig eksisterer i schweizisk fodbold. Holdet har dog haft relativt lidt succes i forhold til andre klubber. På trods af at St. Gallen vandt det schweiziske mesterskab to gange i 1903-04- og 1999-00-sæsonerne, har holdet for det meste været midt på rækken. I løbet af det sidste årti aftog klubbens styrke gradvist, og det resulterede i sidste ende i at de blev en yo-yo-klub. St. Gallen rykkede ned i Challenge League to gange efter 2007-08 og 2010-11-sæsonerne. St. Gallen har i de seneste år set en bemærkelsesværdig stigning i præstationerne og har nu fastholdt sig som en af Schweiz' bedre klubber.

I 2016 blev FC St-Gallen medlem af den eksklusive Club of Pioneers, som Schweiz' ældste fodboldklub.

Stadion
FC St. Gallen spiller deres hjemmespil på kybunpark. Stadionet har en kapacitet på 19.694 og er lokaliseret i vestsiden af byen. Stadionet erstattede det tidligere Espenmoos stadion i øst.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Official Website

Fodboldklubber i Schweiz
Etableret i 1879

FC St. Gallen


Hutchinson County is the name of two counties in the United States:

 Hutchinson County, South Dakota
 Hutchinson County, Texas

Hutchinson County


Pietro Ceccaroni, né le  à Sarzana en Italie, est un footballeur italien, qui évolue au poste de défenseur central au Palerme FC.

Biographie

Débuts professionnels
Né à Sarzana, dans la province de La Spezia en Italie, Pietro Ceccaroni est formé au Spezia Calcio. Il fait sa première apparition en professionnel le , à l'occasion d'une rencontre de coupe d'Italie face au Genoa CFC. Il est titularisé et son équipe l'emporte lors d'une séance de tirs au but. Il faut attendre toutefois plus d'un an pour le voir faire ses débuts en championnat et découvrir la Serie B, le  face au Delfino Pescara 1936. Il entre en jeu ce jour-là à la place de  et son équipe s'impose par deux buts à un.

Le , il est prêté au Calcio Padoue pour une saison.

Venise FC
Le , Pietro Ceccaroni est prêté pour une saison au Venise FC. Quatre jours plus tard il fait sa première apparition sous les couleurs de Venise, face au Calcio Catane, en coupe d'Italie. Il entre en jeu et son équipe l'emporte par deux buts à un ce jour-là.

Le , il est recruté définitivement par le club de Venise. Il s'impose alors comme un joueur essentiel dans l'équipe dirigée par Paolo Zanetti, jouant tous les matchs et devenant l'une des valeurs sûres de Serie B, où il se distingue en écopant très peu de cartons jaunes, ce qui est rare pour un défenseur et lui permet de ne pas être suspendu. Lors de cette saison 2020-2021 il participe à la montée du club en première division, le club retrouvant l'élite 19 ans après l'avoir quitté en sortant vainqueur des barrages

Ceccaroni découvre alors la Serie A, jouant son premier match dans l'élite du football italien le 22 août 2021, à l'occasion de la première journée de la saison 2021-2022, contre le SSC Naples. Il est titularisé et son équipe s'incline par deux buts à un. Le , Ceccaroni signe un nouveau contrat avec le Venise FC, le liant au club jusqu'en juin 2026.

Palerme FC
Le , Pietro Ceccaroni s'engage en faveur du Palerme FC. Il signe un contrat courant jusqu'en juin 2027.

En sélection
Il compte cinq sélections avec l'équipe d'Italie des moins de 20 ans, pour deux titularisations, obtenues entre 2014 et 2016.

Références

Liens externes

Footballeur italien
Joueur du Spezia Calcio
Joueur de la SPAL
Joueur du Calcio Padoue
Joueur du Venise FC
Joueur de l'US Lecce
Joueur du Palerme FC
Naissance en décembre 1995
Naissance à Sarzana

Pietro Ceccaroni


Dig og mig og vi tre er en dansk eksperimentalfilm fra 1980 med instruktion og manuskript af Susie Haxthausen.

Handling
En halvdokumentarisk film, der er ment som et diskussionsoplæg mere end som en spillefilm. Dens 25 scener indeholder hver især en række spørgsmål, som det er værd at diskutere både for kommende forældre og for fagfolk, som skal hjælpe den nye familie. I filmen følges tre par gennem svangerskab og fødsel. Problemerne blotlægges til eftertanke og diskussion.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1980

Dig og mig og vi tre


Dolores Aleu Riera (en , Barcelone, 7 avril 1857  - 19 février 1913) est une médecin espagnole, la première femme diplômée en médecine d'Espagne  et la première femme à obtenir le titre de docteure.

Biographie
Elle a commencé ses études dans  en septembre 1874 et a fini ses études en 1879 mais n'a obtenu l'autorisation pour faire l'examen de licence jusqu'au 4 avril 1882, passant l'examen le 19 juin de la même année. Elle a réussi avec une très bonne note et est devenue la première femme diplômée d'Espagne. Elle a obtenu son doctorat à Madrid à l'Université centrale, aujourd'hui Université complutense de Madrid, le 6 octobre 1882, trois jours avant Martina Castells Ballespí, qui a lu la thèse le 9 octobre 1882 après avoir obtenu son diplôme en 1881. Sa thèse de doctorat s'intitulait De la nécessité d'orienter l'éducation hygiéno-morale des femmes sur une nouvelle voie (1883). Elle s'est spécialisée en gynécologie et pédiatrie.

Parmi les trois premières femmes à étudier la médecine en Espagne figure également María Elena Maseras, qui fut la première à terminer ses études en 1878. Mais seule Dolores Aleu a exercé la profession et a eu son propre cabinet à Barcelone pendant 25 ans. Martina Castells est décédée prématurément avant de pouvoir pratiquer et Elena Maseras s'est consacrée à l'enseignement.

Elle a mené une vie professionnelle très active pendant 25 ans car elle a été professeure d'hygiène domestique à lAcadémie pour l'illustration de la femme, fondée par Esmeralda Cervantes et située dans le numéro 10 de la Rambla de Canaletas.

Elle a aussi été auteure de textes à caractère divulgatif, orientés à améliorer la qualité de vie des femmes, notamment dans le domaine de la maternité, comme celui mentionné auparavant.

Reconnaissances
En juillet 2018, l'Association "Herstóricas. Historia, Mujeres y Género » et le Collectif « Autoras de  Cómic » ont créé un projet à caractère culturel et pédagogique pour visibiliser l'apport historique des femmes dans la société et réfléchir sur leur absence constante dans un jeu de cartes. L'une de ces lettres est consacrée à Aleu Riera.

La série documentaire Pionneras consacre son deuxième chapitre à Douleurs Aleu. Des expertes célèbres comme la professeure d'université  d'histoire Consuelo Flecha, la philologue Betsabé García, ou la philosophe Eulalia Pérez y analysent sa vie et l'héritage dans le contexte de l'époque qu'elle a dû vivre accompagné des témoignages de certains de ses descendants.

Références

Liens externes

Décès à Barcelone
Naissance à Barcelone
Naissance en avril 1857
Décès en février 1913
Médecin espagnol
Pionnière en médecine
Décès à 55 ans

Dolors Aleu i Riera


Erika Stettiner (* Anfang Januar 1907 in Berlin) war in den 1930er-Jahren eine deutsche Tischtennisspielerin. Sie nahm an zwei Weltmeisterschaften teil.

Anfang der 1930er-Jahre spielte Erika Stettiner beim Verein TC Borussia Berlin. In der deutschen Rangliste belegte sie 1930 Platz drei. International war sie 1930 und 1931 bei den Weltmeisterschaften in den Individualwettbewerben aktiv. Dabei unterlag sie 1930 im Achtelfinale des Einzel der Ungarin Anna Sipos. 1931 scheiterte sie bereits in der Qualifikation an Helly Reitzer (Österreich).

Später emigrierte Erika Stettiner zusammen mit ihrer Mutter nach New York.

Privat
Erika Stettiner war die Tochter des Konsuls und Firmeninhabers Alfred Stettiner († 1926). Die Schwester Edith Stettiner gehörte ebenfalls zur Berliner Tischtennisspitze.

Turnierergebnisse

Einzelnachweise

Tischtennisspieler (Tennis Borussia Berlin)
Deutscher
Geboren 1907
Gestorben im 20. oder 21. Jahrhundert
Frau

Erika Stettiner


Juan Sebastián Verón (d. 9 Mart 1975, La Plata, Arjantin) Arjantinli futbolcudur. Estudiantes'te, orta saha pozisyonunda forma giymektedir.

Kariyerine Estudiantes'te başlayan Verón, buradan Boca Juniors'a geçti. Serie A ekipleri Sampdoria, Parma ve Lazio'da oynadıktan sonra Premier League takımı Manchester United'a transfer oldu. 2003'te gittiği Chelsea'da bir sezon oynadı ve sırasıyla Internazionale Milano ve Estudiantes'e kiralandı. 2007'de, futbola başladığı kulübe, Estudiantes'e geri dönen Verón, takımın kaptanlığını yapmaktadır.

Arjantin'in yanı sıra İtalyan vatandaşlığı da bulunan Verón, 2004'te Pelé tarafından oluşturulan yaşayan en iyi 125 futbolcu, FIFA 100 listesine seçildi.

Kendisi gibi futbolcu olan babası Juan Ramón'un lakabı La Bruja (Cadı) iken, Verón'un lakabı La Brujita (Küçük Cadı)'dır.

Başarıları

Estudiantes
 Arjantin Nacional B Ligi: 1995
 Primera División (Arjantin): 2006
 CONMEBOL Libertadores: 2009

Parma
 UEFA Kupası: 1998-99
 Coppa Italia: 1998-99

Lazio
 Serie A: 1999-2000
 Coppa Italia: 1999-2000
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2000
 UEFA Süper Kupası: 1999

Manchester United
 Premier League: 2002-03

Internazionale
 Serie A: 2005-06
 Coppa Italia: 2004-05, 2005-06
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2005

Bireysel
 FIFA 100: 2004
 Arjantin'de Yılın Futbolcusu: 2006, 2009
 Güney Amerika'da Yılın Futbolcusu: 2008, 2009

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Soccerbase profili
 Arjantin Ligi istatistikleri
 Millî takım istatistikleri

1975 doğumlular
Arjantinli futbolcular
Arjantin millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Estudiantes de La Plata futbolcuları
CA Boca Juniors futbolcuları
UC Sampdoria futbolcuları
Parma Calcio 1913 futbolcuları
SS Lazio futbolcuları
Manchester United FC futbolcuları
Chelsea FC futbolcuları
FC Internazionale Milano futbolcuları
İngiltere'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
2007 Copa América futbolcuları
2010 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
FIFA 100
İtalya vatandaşlığına kabul edilenler
Yaşayan insanlar
Orta saha futbolcuları
Premier League futbolcuları
Serie A futbolcuları
UEFA Kupası'nı kazanan futbolcular
Primera División (Arjantin) futbolcuları
Buenos Aires doğumlu futbolcular
Primera B Nacional futbolcuları
Güney Amerika'da Yılın Futbolcusu Ödülü sahipleri

Juan Sebastián Verón


Alex Tamáši (né le  à Rimavská Sobota en Slovaquie) est un joueur professionnel slovaque de hockey sur glace. Il évolue au poste de centre.

Biographie

Carrière en club
Formé au HC Banská Bystrica, il commence sa carrière dans l'Extraliga slovaque en 2016. Il remporte le titre national en 2017 et 2018 avec son club formateur.

Carrière internationale
Il représente la Slovaquie au niveau international. Il prend part aux sélections jeunes.

Statistiques
Pour les significations des abréviations, voir statistiques du hockey sur glace.

En club

| 2016-2017 || HC Banská Bystrica || Extraliga slovaque || 36|| 5|| 7|| 12|| 8|| -|| -|| -|| -|| -
|-
| 2016-2017 || HC 07 Detva || 1.liga slovaque || 3|| 0|| 1|| 1|| 2|| -|| -|| -|| -|| -
|-
| 2017-2018 || HC Banská Bystrica || Extraliga slovaque || 10|| 2|| 2|| 4|| 0|| 2|| 0|| 0|| 0|| 0
|-
| 2017-2018 || Slovaquie M20 || Extraliga slovaque || 15|| 3|| 6|| 9|| 0|| -|| -|| -|| -|| -
|-
| 2017-2018 || Slovaquie M20 || 1.liga slovaque || 5|| 2|| 7|| 9|| 0|| -|| -|| -|| -|| -
|-
| 2018-2019 || HC Banská Bystrica || Extraliga slovaque || 12|| 3|| 1|| 4|| 0|| -|| -|| -|| -|| -
|-
| 2018-2019 || MHk 32 Liptovský Mikuláš || Extraliga slovaque || 53|| 6|| 10|| 16|| 10|| -|| -|| -|| -|| -
|-
| 2019-2020 || HC Banská Bystrica || Extraliga slovaque || 22|| 0|| 4|| 4|| 2|| -|| -|| -|| -|| -
|-
| 2019-2020 || Bratislava Capitals || 1.liga slovaque || 1|| 0|| 0|| 0|| 0|| -|| -|| -|| -|| -
|-
| 2019-2020 || MHk 32 Liptovský Mikuláš || Extraliga slovaque || 14|| 4|| 2|| 6|| 4|| -|| -|| -|| -|| -
|-
| 2020-2021 || HC Banská Bystrica || Extraliga slovaque || 49|| 7|| 9|| 16|| 18|| 4|| 0|| 0|| 0|| 0
|-
| 2021-2022 || HC Banská Bystrica || Extraliga slovaque || 44|| 7|| 14|| 21|| 6|| 9|| 2|| 1|| 3|| 0
|-
| 2022-2023 || HC Banská Bystrica || Extraliga slovaque || 45|| 13|| 15|| 28|| 6|| 7|| 1|| 1|| 2|| 6

Au niveau international

| 2018 || align="left"| Championnat du monde junior || 5|| 0|| 2|| 2|| 0|| -2|| align="left"| Septième place
|-
| 2022 || align="left"| Championnat du monde || 8|| 1|| 1|| 2|| 0|| +1|| align="left"| Huitième place

Références

Naissance en mars 1998
Naissance en Slovaquie
Attaquant de hockey sur glace
Joueur international slovaque de hockey sur glace
Joueur du HC '05 Banská Bystrica
Joueur du MHk 32 Liptovský Mikuláš

Alex Tamáši


Novo Mesto (; ; also known by other alternative names) is a city on a bend of the Krka River in the City Municipality of Novo Mesto in southeastern Slovenia, close to the border with Croatia. The town is traditionally considered the economic and cultural centre of the historical Lower Carniola region.

Name

Novo Mesto was attested in historical sources in 1365 as Růdolfswerde (and as Rudolfswerd in 1392 and Noua Mesta in 1419). The German name (spelled Rudolfswerth in the modern era) is a compound of the personal name Rudolf and wert 'island, peninsula, land above the water', and refers to Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, who conferred town rights upon the settlement in 1365. The parallel German name Neustadtl was also in use (attested as Newestat in 1365, and probably a translation of the Slovene name). The name used for the settlement before 1365 is unknown. The Slovene name Novo mesto literally means 'new town'; names like this are common in Europe and generally refer to settlements built at a site where an older one was burned or otherwise destroyed. From 1865 to 1918, the town was officially named Rudolfovo in Slovene, based on the German name. Following World War I and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, the city became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was officially renamed Novo mesto.

History
Novo Mesto has been settled since pre-history. The city is one of the most important archeological sites of the Hallstatt culture (Early Iron Age) in Europe and has been nicknamed the "City of Situlas" after numerous situlas found in the area.
Graben Castle on the Krka River, ancestral seat of the noble House of Graben von Stein, was first mentioned in an 1170 deed.
The town itself was founded by the Habsburg archduke Rudolf IV of Austria on 7 April 1365 as Rudolfswerth. The Austrian Habsburgs received the Carniolan March from the hands of Louis IV, the Holy Roman Emperor, King of Italy and Duke of Bavaria, in 1335 and in 1364 Rudolf "the Founder" proclaimed himself a Duke of Carniola.

During World War II, the city was controlled by Fascist Italy as part of the Province of Ljubljana until Mussolini's downfall in 1943. It was then occupied by Nazi Germany until the end of the war.

In 1958, the authorities of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had a motorway built connecting the Slovenian capital Ljubljana and Zagreb in Croatia, which passed through Novo Mesto. The A2 motorway is today part of the European route E70. With its construction, Novo Mesto became much better connected to the rest of Slovenia and the rest of Yugoslavia, and began to grow as an important regional center.

Demographics
The population of Novo Mesto is predominantly ethnically Slovene. On the southeast outskirts of the town there is a Roma settlement called Žabjak, also known as Brezje.

Demographic evolution

Climate
Novo Mesto has a humid continental climate, which is influenced by several factors: the Dinaric Alps, the Alps, the Adriatic Sea, and the continental background. Despite the fact that town is close to the 46th parallel north, the climate is much warmer than places at similar latitudes in North America and East Asia. Prevailing western winds bring warm and moist air from the Atlantic and Mediterranean. Lying in partial rain shadow, precipitation is much lower than just 20 km to the west, and foehn winds blowing from southwest over the Dinaric alps can bring very warm weather in any month of the year. From the northeast, the town is exposed to cold air originating in eastern Europe and Siberia, which in winter can bring very cold and sometimes snowy weather. The coldest temperature of −25.6 °C was recorded on 17 February 1952, and the highest, 39.9 °C, on 8 August 2013. Precipitation is abundant, most of it failing as rain in warmer months, between May and November. Hail and heavy thunderstorms are very common between May and September, and snow regularly occurs between December and February. Snow is not uncommon in November and March and rare in October and April. Snow fell as early as 21 October 1971 and as late as 20 May 1969. The greatest snow depth was recorded on 17 February 1969, measuring 103 cm. The wettest year on record was 2014, with 1,482 mm of precipitation, and the driest was 2000, with 827 mm.

Culture
Novo Mesto has been a hub of artistic creation in various fields: music, literature, and visual arts. The turning point is the September 1920 exhibition named Novo Mesto Spring, which brought together artists of different genres and marks the beginning of avant-garde art in Slovenia.

Music
The development of music in Novo Mesto may be traced to the 16th century, with the clergy, e.g. the provost George Slatkonia, the first residential Bishop of Vienna, promulgating the development of vocal music. In 1498 Slatkonia was appointed the singing master (Singmeister) of the choir later known as the Vienna Boys' Choir.

Accelerated development took place in the 19th century with the establishment of a brass band in 1846, and the establishment of the Lower Carniola Singing Society in 1884. The society laid the foundations of the vocal music in the wider Lower Carniola area. A significant part in the musical development of the town was contributed by students and the teaching staff of the Novo Mesto Grammar School. The school had a quality singing choir led by Hugolin Sattner, Aleš Ottokar and Ignacij Hladnik as well as a student orchestra led by Viktor Parma. In 1886, a male choir was established in the town in the frame of the Catholic Craftsman Assistants Society. Several classical composers were connected to Novo Mesto, the best known of them being Marjan Kozina, after whom the music school of the town is named, and the expressionist composer Marij Kogoj. In the 20th century, particularly after World War II, a number of influential contemporary (jazz, rock, and pop) music groups appeared and created in the town, the most notable of them being Rudolfovo, Dan D and others. In the early 21st century, the most popular pop-rock music group was Dan D, whereas classical music gained two important pieces of work in the frame of the George Slatkonia Vocal Academy, a chamber opera (The Baptism on the Savica) and Te Deum, a monumental cantata work.

Literature
The central literature personalities of Novo Mesto are the writer Janez Trdina (1830–1905), the poet Dragotin Kette (1876–1899), and the poet and essayist Anton Podbevšek (1898–1981). Trdina, after whom the central cultural venue of the town is named Janez Trdina Cultural Centre, lived in Novo Mesto in exile and wrote primarily short fictional stories about the Gorjanci hill range, which he published under the title Fairytales and Stories about Gorjanci (Bajke in povesti o Gorjancih). Kette, who lived in Novo Mesto in the time of his studies, wrote lyrical poetry, particularly dedicated to Angela Smola whom he met in the town's chapter church. Podbevšek laid the foundations of Slovene lyrical avant-garde poetry. The youngest professional theatre in Slovenia and the first theatre in the town, established in 2005, has been named after him Anton Podbevšek Theatre.

Visual and film arts
Novo Mesto is the birthplace of the painter and graphic artist Božidar Jakac (1899–1989), who produced one of the most extensive oeuvres of visual arts in Slovenia and was a key organiser of visual arts education and visual arts events in the country. Many of his works as well as of other well-known Slovenian artists are kept at the Jakac House in the town. Other known Novo Mesto visual artists were the painter Vladimir Lamut and the architect Marjan Mušič. Several notable film artists originate from Novo Mesto, besides Jakac also the film editor Jurij Moškon, and the contemporary film directors Rok Biček, Klemen Dvornik, Nejc Gazvoda, and Žiga Virc.

Religion

On 7 April 2006 Novo Mesto became the seat for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Novo Mesto, which is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Ljubljana.

Cathedral
Novo Mesto Cathedral, standing on Kapitelj Hill above the town, is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and is an originally Gothic building that was rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 17th century. The main altar oil painting by Tintoretto, and the side altar paintings by the French 18th century painter Valentin Metzinger, the leading Baroque painter in Slovenia, are on display in the church.

Economy
Today, tourism is increasing in Slovenia, and Novo Mesto is feeling some of the effects. The Krka Valley is becoming a place for wine enthusiasts who take tours throughout the Lower Carniola region, tasting locally produced Cviček wine, which is produced by blending several different varieties of local wine.

Major industries include:
 Revoz (subsidiary of Renault), car manufacturing
 Adria Mobil, camper manufacturer
 Krka, pharmaceuticals

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities
Novo Mesto is twinned with:

  Langenhagen, Germany
  Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain
  Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  Yixing, China
  Leskovac, Serbia
  Herceg Novi, Montenegro
  Toruń, Poland
  Trnava, Slovakia

Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Novo Mesto include:
Joannes Adamus Gaiger (1667–1722), philologist and lexicographer
Albin Gutman (born 1947), general
Božidar Jakac (1899–1989), painter
Rado Lencek (1921–2006), linguist, philologist, writer
Pino Mlakar (1907–2006), choreographer
Majda Pungečar (1962–), historian
Silvo Plut (1968–2007), serial killer
Edvard Ravnikar (1907–1993), architect
Ferdinand Seidl (1856–1942), naturalist and geologist
Leon Štukelj (1898–1999), Olympic gold medalist
Iztok Jarc (born 1963), diplomat and politician
Damijan Šinigoj (born 1964), writer
Barbara Jelić-Ružić (born 1977) and Vesna Jelić (born 1982), Croatian female volleyball players
Melania Trump (born 1970), former First Lady of the United States (2017–2021)

See also
 Krka Basketball Club
 Langenhagen - the twin city of Novo Mesto
 Novo Mesto Grammar School

References

External links

 Novo Mesto on Geopedia

Cities and towns in Lower Carniola
Populated places in the City Municipality of Novo Mesto
Establishments in the Duchy of Carniola
1360s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1365 establishments in Europe
Populated places established in the 1360s

Novo Mesto


Wanda Klaff (6 March 1922 – 4 July 1946) was a Nazi concentration camp overseer. Klaff was born in Danzig to German parents as Wanda Kalacinski. After the war, she was executed for crimes against humanity.

Early life
Wanda Kalacinski was the daughter of railway worker Ludwig Kalacinski. The family name was changed to Kalden in 1941. She finished school in 1938 and worked in a jam factory until 1942. That year, she married Willy Klaff and became a housewife, then a streetcar operator.

SS career, arrest, trial and execution

In 1944, Klaff joined the Stutthof concentration camp staff at Stutthof's Praust subcamp in present-day Pruszcz, where she abused many of the prisoners. On 5 October 1944, she arrived at Stutthof's Russoschin subcamp, in present-day northern Poland.

Klaff fled the camp in early 1945 but on 11 June 1945 was arrested by Polish officials; soon after, she fell ill from typhoid fever in prison. She stood trial at the first Stutthof trial with other former female supervisors and male personnel. She stated at the trial, "I am very intelligent and very devoted to my work in the camps. I struck at least two prisoners every day."

Klaff was convicted and received the death sentence. She was publicly hanged by short-drop method on 4 July 1946 on Biskupia Górka Hill near Gdańsk, aged 24.

References

Sources
 Benjamin B. Ferencz, Less Than Slaves: Jewish Forced Labor and the Quest for Compensation, books.google.com; accessed 13 November 2014.

1922 births
1946 deaths
Executed German women
German people convicted of crimes against humanity
Stutthof trials executions
People from the Free City of Danzig
Naturalized citizens of Germany
Executed people from Pomeranian Voivodeship
Female guards in Nazi concentration camps
Filmed executions
Publicly executed people

People executed for crimes against humanity

Wanda Klaff


9897 Malerba este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
9897 Malerba este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Cima Ekar de Maura Tombelli și Ulisse Munari. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,22 ua, o excentricitate de 0,20 și o înclinație de 6,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 9001-10000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1996
Centura de asteroizi

9897 Malerba


Notharctus tenebrosus es una especie de primate primitivo que vivió a principios en el período Eoceno (hace 54-38 millones de años). Los restos fósiles fueron descubiertos por Ferdinand V. Hayden en 1870 en el suroeste de Wyoming. Inicialmente los primeros restos fósiles encontrados se creyeron que era un pequeño paquidermo a causa de la abundancia de fósiles de paquidermos en aquel sector.

Cualquier modo, Walter Willis Granger en descubierto un esqueleto completo, también en Wyoming. Notharctus tenebrosus fue identificado claramente como un primate semejante a los lémures que actualmente viven en Madagascar.

Referencias

Mamíferos del Eoceno
Notharctidae
Mamíferos extintos de Europa

Notharctus tenebrosus


Gert Engels (født 26. april 1957) er en tidligere tysk fodboldspiller og træner.

Han har tidligere trænet Yokohama Flügels, JEF United Ichihara, Kyoto Purple Sanga og Urawa Reds.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Tyskland

Gert Engels


Jepkoech ist Teil des Familiennamens von:

 Correti Jepkoech, kenianische Langstreckenläuferin
 Eunice Jepkoech Sum (* 1988), kenianische Mittelstreckenläuferin
 Florence Jepkoech Chepsoi, kenianische Langstreckenläuferin
 Josephine Jepkoech Jepkorir, kenianische Langstreckenläuferin
 Monica Jepkoech (* 1983), kenianische Langstreckenläuferin

Siehe auch:
 Chepkoech
 Koech

Jepkoech


The Pournelle chart, developed by Jerry Pournelle in his 1963 political science Ph.D. dissertation, is a two-dimensional coordinate system which can be used to distinguish political ideologies. It is similar to the political compass and the Nolan Chart in that it is a two-dimensional chart, but the axes of the Pournelle chart are different from those of other systems. The two axes are as follows:

 The x-axis, "Attitude toward the State" (labeled statism), refers to a political philosophy's attitude toward the state and centralized government. The farthest right is "state worship" and the farthest left represents the state as the "ultimate evil", preferring individual freedom.
 The y-axis, "Attitude toward planned social progress" (labeled rationalism), refers to the extent which a political philosophy is compatible with the idea that social problems can be solved by the use of reason. The top indicates complete confidence in planned social progress and the bottom represents skepticism of such methods, often considering them as naively utopian. Those at the top of the axis would tend to discard a traditional custom if they do not understand what purpose it serves (considering it antiquated and probably useless), while those at the bottom would tend to keep the custom (considering it time-tested and probably useful).

Pournelle arranged American liberalism, socialism, and communism, in the upper right-hand quadrant of high state control and high rationalism. Conservatism, fascism, and Nazism are placed in the lower right hand quadrant of high state control and low rationalism. Classical anarchists are in the lower left hand corner of low state control and low rationalism. Libertarians (including anarcho-capitalists) and Objectivists are placed in the upper left-hand corner of low state control and high rationalism. Each diagonal axis contains natural political allies.

See also
 Political spectrum

External links
 The Pournelle Political Axes.

Political science theories
Political spectrum
Rationalism
Statism

Pournelle chart


රෝමානුවන් විසින් බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය යටත් කර ගැනීම යනු, ක්‍රමයෙන් සිදුවූ ක්‍රියාවලියක් වන අතර,  ක්ලෝඩියස් අධිරාජ්‍යයා යටතේ ක්‍රිව 43 වසරෙහිදී, ඔහුගේ ජෙනරාල් අවුලුස් ප්ලෝටියුස් නමැත්තා රෝමානු බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයෙහි () පළමුවන ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයා ලෙස සේවය කිරීම වෙතින් ඵලදායී ලෙසින් ඇරඹී ඇත.


Má Feminista: Ensaios é uma coleção de ensaios da crítica cultural, romancista e professora Roxane Gay. Má Feminista explora ser feminista enquanto ama coisas que podem parecer contrárias à ideologia feminista. Os ensaios de Gay envolvem a cultura pop e suas experiências pessoais, cobrindo tópicos como a série Sweet Valley High, Django Unchained e a própria criação de Gay como uma haitiana-americana.

Histórico de publicação
Má Feminista é um dos dois livros publicados por Gay em 2014, o outro sendo seu romance Um Estado Selvagem.

Conteúdo
Os ensaios em Má Feminista abordam uma ampla variedade de tópicos, tanto culturais quanto pessoais. A coleção de ensaios é dividida em cinco seções: Eu; Gênero & Sexualidade; Corrida & Entretenimento; Política, Gênero e Raça; e Voltar para mim. Em 2014, em uma entrevista para a Time, Gay falou do seu papel como feminista e como isso influenciou a sua escrita: "Em cada um desses ensaios, estou tentando mostrar como o feminismo influencia a minha vida para melhor ou para pior. Isso apenas mostra como é se mover pelo mundo como uma mulher. Não é nem sobre o feminismo por sí, é sobre humanidade e empatia."

Recepção
Má Feminista foi amplamente revisado. Gay atraiu elogios por sua "voz irônica e encantadora". O Boston Globe escreveu que "há muito para admirar", como seu ensaio "perspicaz" "What We Hunger For"; Má Feminista "sinaliza uma contribuição importante para o terreno complicado da política de gênero." O Huffington Post foi mais efusivo em seus elogios, escrevendo: "Os ensaios de Gay combinam habilmente suas experiências pessoais com tendências de gênero mais amplas que ocorrem politicamente e na cultura popular", e deu uma classificação de 8/10. A Boston Review escreveu que " Má Feminista examina a cultura e a política da perspectiva de uma dos críticas mais astutas que escrevem hoje." No The Guardian do Reino Unido, a crítica Kira Cochrane escreveu: "Embora o discurso online seja frequentemente caracterizado por opiniões extremas e polarizadas, sua escrita é distinta por ser sutil e discursiva, com uma capacidade de ver além dos cantos, de reconhecer outros pontos de vista enquanto avançando cuidadosamente a dela. Impresso, no Twitter e pessoalmente, Gay tem a voz do amigo para quem você liga primeiro para pedir conselhos, calmo e são, além de engraçado, alguém que já viu muito e não faz prisioneiros." A Time chamou Má Feminista de "um manual sobre como ser humano" e chamou Gay de "presente que continua dando".

O New York Times Book Review escreveu que Gay confiava demais em um " espantalho irracional" para fazer seu ponto, e The Independent descobriu contradições próprias de Gay dentro do livro que parecem "intelectualmente frágeis". O Chicago Tribune observou que, embora "Gay escreva de forma incisiva, destemida, às vezes com raiva, muitas vezes espirituosa e sempre inteligentemente sobre uma gama incrivelmente diversificada de questões: raça, violência doméstica, cultura pop, comida, mídia social, abuso sexual infantil, os Obamas e, claro, feminismo" em suas colunas, Má Feminista está um tanto ausente: "por que, então, não há mais para admirar nesta coleção de ensaios novos e publicados anteriormente de Gay? Um problema é a recapitulação acima mencionada de análises, opiniões e memes testados e verdadeiros, qualquer um ou todos os quais poderiam ser reprisados se Gay trouxesse a eles uma abordagem nova e original."

O livro ficou conhecido por sua popularidade nos círculos feministas, com o site satírico Reductress publicando uma história sobre como alguém era uma feminista ruim porque ainda não havia lido Má Feminista. Um grupo de acadêmicas e ativistas feministas analisou Má Feminista de Gay para o "Short Takes: Provocations on Public Feminism", uma iniciativa da revista feminista Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society .

Referências

Livros da editora HarperCollins
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mais Pretas)

Má Feminista


Prerijski sljez (lat. Sidalcea),  Rod trajnica iz porodice sljezovke (Malvaceae). Rod je raširen po zapadnim predjelima Sjeverne Amerike

Vrste

 Sidalcea asprella Greene
 Sidalcea calycosa M.E.Jones
 Sidalcea campestris Greene
 Sidalcea candida A.Gray
 Sidalcea celata (Jeps.) S.R.Hill
 Sidalcea covillei Greene
 Sidalcea cusickii Piper
 Sidalcea diploscypha (Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray ex Benth.
 Sidalcea elegans Greene
 Sidalcea gigantea G.Clifton, R.E.Buck & S.R.Hill
 Sidalcea glaucescens Greene
 Sidalcea hartwegii A.Gray ex Benth.
 Sidalcea hendersonii S.Watson
 Sidalcea hickmanii Greene
 Sidalcea hirsuta A.Gray
 Sidalcea hirtipes C.L.Hitchc.
 Sidalcea keckii Wiggins
 Sidalcea malachroides (Hook. & Arn.) A.Gray
 Sidalcea malviflora (DC.) A.Gray
 Sidalcea multifida Greene
 Sidalcea nelsoniana Piper
 Sidalcea neomexicana A.Gray
 Sidalcea oregana (Nutt.) A.Gray
 Sidalcea pedata A.Gray
 Sidalcea ranunculacea Greene
 Sidalcea reptans Greene
 Sidalcea robusta A.Heller
 Sidalcea setosa C.L.Hitchc.
 Sidalcea sparsifolia (C.L.Hitchc.) S.R.Hill
 Sidalcea stipularis J.T.Howell & G.H.True
 Sidalcea virgata Howell

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Malvoideae

Prerijski sljez


Montserrat Ontiveros (Ciudad de México; 15 de junio de 1960) es una presentadora de televisión y actriz mexicana.

Trayectoria
Es conocida principalmente por el programa El rival más débil transmitido por Azteca Trece.

En teatro, ha participado en obras como Sexo, pudor y lágrimas, Nosotras que nos queremos tanto, Algo de verdad y Destino gritadera.

En 1994 interpretó el papel de "Lina" en la telenovela juvenil de Televisa Agujetas de color de rosa, protagonizada por Natalia Esperón y Alexis Ayala.

En 1997  fue invitada a participar al lado de Verónica Castro en la telenovela Pueblo chico, infierno grande.

En 1999 una vez incorporada a TV Azteca, Montserrat Ontiveros tuvo un gran éxito gracias a su participación en La vida en el espejo, al lado de Sasha, Gonzalo Vega, Rebecca Jones y Diego Luna.

En 2001 tras el éxito de La vida en el espejo, Montserrat actuó al lado de Fernando Luján y Francisco de la O en Lo que es el amor. Ese mismo año, integró el elenco de la obra Algo de verdad de Tom Stoppard, dirigida por José Caballero, acompañada por Rafael Sánchez Navarro, presentándose en el Teatro Nacional de las Artes del CENART.

En 2002 participó en la telenovela Súbete a mi moto y preparó la obra Réquiem por el amor a presentarse en La Gruta del Centro Cultural Helénico, dirigida por Otto Sirgo, quien también actuó en la obra.

Montserrat ha actuado también en capítulos de los programas Mujer, casos de la vida real de Televisa  y Lo que callamos las mujeres de TV Azteca.

En 2003 conduce el programa de concursos de Televisión Azteca El rival más débil, un programa de gran éxito en México, idea original de una televisora de Londres. El programa consistía en 8 concursantes que demuestran sus conocimientos, utilizando estrategia y habilidad mental.

En 2008 Montserrat prestó su voz para la película Horton y el mundo de los Quién en donde desempeñó la voz de "Kangaroo".

Actualmente reside en Noruega, en donde, a pesar de haber recibido propuestas por parte de TV Azteca para conducir nuevamente El Rival más Débil, la actriz y conductora ha decidido quedarse para dedicarse a su familia.

Telenovelas
 Morir para vivir (1989)... Estrella
 Tenías que ser tú (1992)
 Agujetas de color de rosa (1994)... Lina
 El vuelo del águila (1994)... Nicolasa Díaz/ Sofía Romero Rubio
 Pueblo chico, infierno grande (1997)... Melitona de Serna
 Yacaranday (1999)... Rosaura
 La vida en el espejo (1999)... Paola de Giraldo
 Tío Alberto (2000)... Alina
 Lo que es el amor (2001)... Nora
 Súbete a mi moto  (2002)... Enriqueta
 Mujer comprada (2009)... Consuelo

Series
 Mujer casos de la vida real (1997-1998)...
   Infierno blanco (1998) María Teresa Camargo
 Lo que callamos las mujeres (2001)... Dos episodios

Programas
 El rival mas débil (2003 - 2007)... Presentadora

Cine
Daniel & Ana (2009)... Galia
Un hilito de sangre (1995)... Mamá de Osbelia
Hasta morir (1994)... Ester
Abuelita de Bakman (1993)... Esposa Escritor
Sólo con tu pareja (1991)... Mrs. Panza

Referencias

Nacidos en Ciudad de México
Actrices de México
Actrices de cine de México
Actrices de teatro de México
Actrices de televisión de México
Actrices de voz de México
Presentadores de televisión de México

Montserrat Ontiveros


La  du Bloeizone Fryslân Tour (connu auparavant sous le nom d'Energiewacht Tour) a lieu du  au . La course fait partie du calendrier international féminin UCI 2022 en catégorie 2.1.

Ellen van Dijk remporte le contre-la-montre inaugural. Les deux étapes suivantes se concluent au sprint. Lonneke Uneken puis Rachele Barbieri s'y imposent. Ellen van Dijk remporte le classement général devant Riejanne Markus et Marlen Reusser. Alice Barnes gagne le classement par points, Shari Bossuyt est la meilleure jeune.

Équipes

Parcours

Étapes

Déroulement de la course

Ellen van Dijk remporte le contre-la-montre devant Riejanne Markus et Marlen Reusser.

Il y a un vent fort durant l'étape. Le peloton se scinde en deux à mi-étape, mais tout revient dans l'ordre par la suite. Anastasiya Kolesava attaque à seize kilomètres de l'arrivée, mais est reprise deux kilomètres plus loin. La formation Canyon-SRAM mène les préparatifs pour le sprint, mais c'est Lonneke Uneken qui s'impose.

Mischa Bredewold part en échappée et obtient jusqu'à une minute trente d'avance. L'étape se conclut néanmoins au sprint. Rachele Barbieri lève les bras.

Classements finaux

Classement général final

Points UCI

Classements annexes

Classement par points

Classement du meilleur jeune

Évolution des classements

Liste des participantes

Organisation et règlement

Organisation
La course est organisée par l'association Courage events.

Règlement de la course

Délais
Lors d'une course cycliste, les coureurs sont tenus d'arriver dans un laps de temps imparti à la suite du premier pour pouvoir être classés. Les délais prévus sont de 8 % pour toutes les étapes en ligne. Aucun délais ne s'applique au contre-la-montre individuel. La règle des trois kilomètres s'applique conformément au règlement UCI.

Classements et bonifications
Le classement général individuel au temps est calculé par le cumul des temps enregistrés dans chacune des étapes parcourues. Des bonifications et d'éventuelles pénalisations sont incluses dans le calcul du classement. Le coureur qui est premier de ce classement est porteur du maillot jaune. En cas d'égalité au temps, les centièmes de secondes du contre-la-montre sont pris en considération. En cas de nouvelle égalité, la somme des places obtenues sur chaque étape départage les concurrentes.

Des bonifications sont attribuées dans cette épreuve. L'arrivée des étapes donne dix, six et quatre secondes de bonifications aux trois premières. Par ailleurs, durant la course, il existe des sprints intermédiaires dont les trois premiers sont récompensés respectivement de trois secondes, deux secondes et une seconde.

Classement par points
Le maillot vert, récompense le classement par points. Celui-ci se calcule selon le classement lors des arrivées d'étape.

Les étapes en ligne et le contre-la-montre individuel attribuent aux quinze premières des points selon le décompte suivant : 25, 20, 16, 14, 12, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 et 1. En cas d'égalité, les coureurs sont prioritairement départagés par le nombre de victoires d'étapes. Si l'égalité persiste, la place obtenue au classement général entrent en compte. Pour être classé, un coureur doit avoir terminé la course dans les délais.

Classement des sprints
Le maillot orange, récompense le classement des sprints. Des sprints intermédiaires attribuent 3, 2 et 1 points aux trois premières. En cas d'égalité, le dernier sprint départage les concurrentes.

Classement de la meilleure jeune
Le classement de la meilleure jeune ne concerne qu'une certaine catégorie de coureuses, celles étant âgées de moins de . C'est-à-dire aux coureuses nées après le . Ce classement, basé sur le classement général, attribue au premier un maillot blanc.

Prix de la combativité
Le jury des commissaires attribue un prix de la combativité à la fin de chaque étape à une coureuse. Elle porte le maillot bleu. Il n'y a pas de classement final pour ce prix.

Classement de la meilleure équipe
Le temps au classement général des trois meilleures coureuses de chaque équipe est additionné. Les bonus ne comptent pas à l'inverse des pénalités. En cas d'égalité, les places des trois meilleures coureuses de chaque équipe sont additionnées.

Répartition des maillots
Chaque coureuse en tête d'un classement est porteuse du maillot ou du dossard distinctif correspondant. Cependant, dans le cas où une coureuse dominerait plusieurs classements, celle-ci ne porte qu'un seul maillot distinctif, selon une priorité de classements. Le classement général au temps est le classement prioritaire, suivi du classement par points, du classement des sprints, du classement de la meilleure jeune et celui du classement de la combativité. Si ce cas de figure se produit, le maillot correspondant au classement annexe de priorité inférieure n'est pas porté par celui qui domine ce classement mais par son deuxième.

Primes
Les étapes en ligne, permettent de remporter les primes suivantes:

En sus, les coureuses placées de la  à la  gagnent  et celles placées de la  à la  gagnent .

Le classement général final attribue les sommes suivantes :

En sus, les coureuses placées de la  à la  gagnent  et celles placées de la  à la  gagnent .

Prix
Le port du maillot jaune rapporte  par jour, les quatre autres maillots . Les classements finals par points, des sprints, de la meilleure jeune et par équipes attribuent :

Pistes cyclables
Il est interdit d'emprunter les pistes cyclables et autres trottoirs qui ne sont pas explicitement inclus dans le parcours.

Notes et références

Liens externes

2022
Cyclisme aux Pays-Bas en 2022
Cyclisme sur route en 2022
Cyclisme en mars 2022

Bloeizone Fryslân Tour 2022


Firestorm – Brennendes Inferno (Originaltitel: Firestorm) ist ein US-amerikanischer Action-Thriller aus dem Jahr 1998, der von 20th Century Fox produziert wurde. Regie führte Dean Semler. Die Weltpremiere fand am 7. Januar 1998 in Westwood statt. In Deutschland lief der Film erstmals am 28. Mai 1998.

Handlung
Jesse gehört zu einer Spezialeinheit, den so genannten Feuerspringern ("Smokejumpers"), die in Wyoming im Fall von Waldbränden mit Fallschirmen in unzugänglichen Gebieten abspringen, etwa um dort Gegenfeuer zu legen oder Feuerschneisen zu schlagen.

Eines Tages entsteht ein Waldbrand, der von Bodentruppen gelöscht werden soll. Es werden dabei Insassen einer nahe gelegenen Haftanstalt eingesetzt. Der skrupellose Sträfling Shaye will diese Gelegenheit zum Ausbruch nutzen. Er hat das Feuer legen lassen – als Teil eines perfiden Plans, den er mit Hilfe seines korrupten Anwalts und einiger Mitgefangener umsetzen will. Während der Löscharbeiten überwältigen und töten die Komplizen ihre Aufseher. Die übrigen Häftlinge lassen sie im Transportfahrzeug eingesperrt zurück. Als Feuerwehrleute getarnt entfliehen die Verbrecher, während sich das Feuer nun ungehindert weiter ausbreitet.

Auch die Biologin Jennifer, die im Wald Vögel studiert, wird von dem Feuer überrascht. Beim Versuch zu entkommen läuft sie den vermeintlichen Feuerwehrleuten in die Arme, die sie – zunächst ohne ihr Wissen – als Geisel mitnehmen. Jesse lässt sich derweil zum Waldstück fliegen, wo er ein Gegenfeuer legt. Auf dem Rückweg erspäht er die Gruppe und springt ab um ihnen zu helfen. Die Basis der Feuerspringer ist inzwischen aufmerksam geworden, da die Bodenmannschaft nicht auf Funkrufe antwortet. Feuerwehrchief Wynt eilt zur Hilfe und kann die Gefangenen im letzten Moment retten.

Als die Gruppe um Shaye eine Forsthütte erreicht, gibt dieser die Tarnung auf. Er befiehlt Jesse zu töten, nutzt zugleich aber die Situation, um sich eines seiner Komplizen zu entledigen. Jesse entkommt jedoch mit einem Motorrad und kann Jennifer befreien. Allerdings gibt es für beide Parteien nur eine Richtung, um dem Feuer zu entfliehen. Unterwegs bringt Shaye auch die anderen beiden Komplizen um, um das ihnen versprochene Geld zu sparen. Es kommt erneut zur Konfrontation, bei der Jennifer wiederum in Shayes Gewalt gerät.

In der Feuerspringer-Basis zeichnet sich indes ab, dass ein gewaltiger Feuersturm bevorsteht und Jesse sich direkt darauf zubewegt. Chief Wynt beschließt ihm zu Hilfe zu kommen. An einem See begegnen sie sich. Jesse stellt Wynt zur Rede, den er im Verdacht hat, das Feuer gelegt zu haben. Dieser gibt zu, des Geldes wegen gehandelt zu haben. Gemeinsam versuchen sie Jennifer aus Shayes Gewalt zu retten, als der Feuersturm gerade beginnt. Im Showdown werden sowohl Wynt als auch Shaye getötet. Jesse und Jennifer überleben die Katastrophe nur knapp.

Kritik
 Thomas Poß auf zelluloid.de: "Firestorm" überzeugt nicht durch eine innovative Handlung, aber die Flammenhölle ist ganz nett anzusehen und spannend ist der Film eigentlich immer.

 Richard Oehmann auf artechock.de: Da die Feuersbrünste, die Bösen und auch der gute alte Scott Glenn […] nicht weiter aufwühlend sind, sondern zusammengenommen den Eindruck einer auswuchernden Lassie-Folge machen, konzentriert sich der Film mit Bedacht auf den wohl langweiligsten leading actor des ausgehenden Jahrhunderts […] was durchaus reicht, um seine Farrah-Fawcett-artige Partnerin vor dem Feuersturm, nicht aber Firestorm selbst zu retten.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1998
Actionfilm
US-amerikanischer Film

Firestorm – Brennendes Inferno


An Amorphophallus manta in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Wilbert Leonard Anna Hetterscheid ngan Ittenbach. An Amorphophallus manta in nahilalakip ha genus nga Amorphophallus, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Sumatera. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Amorphophallus

Amorphophallus manta


An Setaria australiensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Frank Lamson Scribner ngan Elmer Drew Merrill, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Joyce Winifred Vickery. An Setaria australiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Setaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Setaria

Setaria australiensis


"Daisy", sometimes referred to as "Daisy Girl" or "Peace, Little Girl", is an American political advertisement that aired on television as part of Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 presidential campaign. Though aired only once, it is considered one of the most important factors in Johnson's landslide victory over the Republican Party's candidate, Barry Goldwater, and a turning point in political and advertising history. A partnership between the Doyle Dane Bernbach agency and Tony Schwartz, the "Daisy" advertisement was designed to broadcast Johnson's anti-war and anti-nuclear positions. Goldwater was against the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and suggested the use of nuclear weapons in the Vietnam War, if necessary. The Johnson campaign used Goldwater speeches to imply he would wage a nuclear war.

The commercial begins with three-year-old Monique Corzilius standing in a meadow, picking the petals of a daisy as she counts from one to ten incorrectly. After she reaches "nine", she pauses, and a booming male voice is heard counting the numbers backward from "ten", in a manner similar to the start of a missile launch countdown. A zoom of the video still concentrates on the girl's right eye until her pupil fills the screen, which is then replaced by the flash and sound of a nuclear explosion. A voice-over by Johnson states emphatically, "These are the stakes! To make a world in which all of God's children can live, or to go into the dark. We must either love each other, or we must die."

The ad was pulled after its initial broadcast but it continued to be replayed and analyzed by media, including the nightly news, talk shows, and news broadcasting agencies. The Johnson campaign was widely criticized for using the prospect of nuclear war, and implying that Goldwater would start one, to frighten voters. Several other Johnson campaign commercials would attack Goldwater without referring to him by name. Other campaigns have adopted and used the "Daisy" commercial since 1964.

Background

Following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president of the United States in November 1963. Many saw Johnson as a ruthless politician effective at getting legislation passed. During his tenure as the Senate Democratic leader, he was referred to as "Master of the Senate". He often used rhetorical techniques, including the famous "Johnson Treatment", to gather votes in the Senate. In July 1964, he successfully urged Congress to pass the Civil Rights Act.

In the 1964 United States presidential election, the Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater challenged Johnson. In the aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis, nuclear war was one of the central issues of the campaign. A public opinion survey conducted in 1963 showed that 90 percent of the respondents believed that a nuclear war was possible, and 38 percent thought it was likely. The same year, Goldwater voted against the ratification of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, which eventually was passed by the Senate by a vote of 80–14. Goldwater campaigned on a right-wing message of cutting social programs and pursuing an aggressive military policy. Contrary to Johnson's policies, he suggested the use of nuclear weapons in the Vietnam War, if necessary. The Johnson campaign used Goldwater's speeches and his extreme political positions to imply he was willing to wage a nuclear war. They portrayed him as a dangerous extremist, notably mocking his campaign slogan "In your heart, you know he's right" with the counter-slogan "In your guts, you know he's nuts".

A public opinion survey in August showed that Johnson's accomplishments in office would likely yield him only limited support in the campaign. Goldwater ran an attack ad in which a group of children recited the Pledge of Allegiance until their voices are drowned out by Nikita Khrushchev, the then Soviet leader, proclaiming "We will bury you! Your children will be communists!" The Johnson campaign used several rhetorical techniques in the campaign. They emphasized Goldwater's extremism and the dangers of trusting him with the powers of the presidency. Jack Valenti, a special assistant to Johnson, suggested that "our main strength lies not so much in the for Johnson but in the against Goldwater" vote.

Creation
Before 1964, campaign ads were almost always positive. The opposing candidate or his policies were rarely mentioned. In mid-June, John P. Roche, president of Americans for Democratic Action (ADA), a progressive advocacy group, wrote a letter to Bill Moyers, Johnson's press secretary, which said that Johnson was in a "wonderful strategic position", and that they could run a "savage assault" against Goldwater. He suggested that a billboard could be devised reading "Goldwater in 64—Hotwater in 65?" with a mushroom cloud in the background. Johnson agreed to devote considerable financial resources to an electronic media campaign—$3 million (equivalent to $ million in ) for local radio advertisements, and another $1.7 million (equivalent to $ million in ) for television network program advertisements. On July 10, the polls showed Johnson leading with 77 percent to Goldwater's 18 percent. By late July, Johnson's polling numbers had declined to 62 percent.

A partnership between the Doyle Dane Bernbach advertising agency (DDB) and Tony Schwartz, a sound designer and media consultant who was hired for the project, created the "Daisy" advertisement. The DDB team consisted of art director Sid Myers, producer Aaron Ehrlich, senior copywriter Stanley R. Lee, and junior copywriter Gene Case. The aim of the advertisement was to broadcast Johnson's anti-war and anti-nuclear positions. Schwartz based this concept on a previous public service announcement he created for the United Nations. DDB handled the casting and filming, while Schwartz managed the audio integration. Both Schwartz and the DDB team claim credit for the ad's visual elements, although their true creators are unclear.

Synopsis

The advertisement begins with three-year-old Monique Corzilius, standing in a meadow in New York City's Highbridge Park picking petals off a daisy, counting from one to nine while birds chirp in the background. She makes several errors as she counts. When she was unable to count to ten successfully during filming, it was decided that her mistakes might be more appealing to the voters. After she reaches "nine", the girl pauses, as if trying to remember the next number. A booming male voice is heard counting the numbers backward from "ten" in a manner similar to the start of a missile launch countdown. Seemingly in response to the countdown, the girl turns her head toward a point off-screen, and the scene freezes.

As the countdown continues, a zoom of the video still focuses on the girl's right eye until her pupil fills the screen, eventually blacking it out as the countdown simultaneously reaches zero. A bright flash and thunderous sound of a nuclear explosion, featuring footage of a detonation, replaces the blackness. The scene cuts to footage of a mushroom cloud, and then to a final cut of a slowed close-up section of the incandescence in the nuclear explosion. A voice-over from Johnson plays over all three pieces of nuclear detonation footage, stating emphatically, "These are the stakes! To make a world in which all of God's children can live, or to go into the dark. We must either love each other, or we must die." At the end of the voice-over, the explosion footage is replaced by white letters on a black screen, written all in capitals, stating "Vote for President Johnson on November 3". A voice-over reads the words on the screen, then adds "The stakes are too high for you to stay home."

Broadcast, impact, and controversy

DDB decided to broadcast the ad on Labor Day, when Johnson was supposed to begin his formal fall campaign. "Daisy" aired as a commercial only once, during a September 7, 1964, telecast of the film David and Bathsheba on The NBC Monday Movie. As the film is based on a biblical story, it is considered a family film and believed to be appropriate for the advertisement, as its audience would be one the Johnson campaign wanted to target. It was aired at 9:50 p.m. EST, in the belief that most of the young children would be asleep, leaving their parents watching the film. It was hoped that these parents would visualize their child in Corzilius's role. Unlike previous popular political advertisements and Goldwater's ads, "Daisy" is based entirely on striking imagery and sudden changes in visuals, the lack of music enhancing the sense of realism. Author Maureen Corrigan has noted that Johnson's line: "We must either love each other, or we must die" echoes line 88 of W. H. Auden's poem "September 1, 1939", which reads: "We must love one another or die." The words "children" and "the dark" are also found in the poem.

According to Press Secretary Moyers, the White House switchboard "lit up with calls" protesting the ad. Johnson called him and asked, "Jesus Christ, what in the world happened?" Though initially surprised by the protests, Johnson was later very pleased with the ad and wanted it to be broadcast again, but Moyers convinced him that this was a poor idea. Moyers later said that the ad "accomplished its purpose in one showing. To repeat it would have been pointless."

Initially, the commercial was referred to as "Peace, Little Girl". Even though Goldwater's name was not mentioned, many Republican politicians and supporters objected to the commercial. The same day, addressing his campaign rally in Detroit, Johnson said, "make no mistake, there's no such thing as a 'conventional nuclear weapon'... To [use one] now is a political decision of the highest order. It would lead us down an uncertain path of blows and counter-blows whose outcome none may know."

The ad appeared in stories on the nightly news and conversation programs and was frequently replayed and analyzed by network news broadcasting agencies. Valenti suggested that broadcasting the ad just once was a calculated move. Lloyd Wright of the Democratic National Committee said later "we all realized it would create quite a reaction", adding in a subsequent interview that Johnson's campaign strategy was based on defining Goldwater as "too impulsive to trust with the nation's defense systems". Time magazine depicted Corzilius on the cover of its September 25 issue. The Johnson campaign was criticized widely for trying to frighten voters by implying Goldwater would start a nuclear war. Thruston B. Morton, a Republican senator from Kentucky, told the Senate on September 16 that the Democratic National Committee was putting "panic-inspired falsehoods" on television; and that President Johnson must take responsibility for them, adding the ad was aimed at "scaring the wits out of children in order to pressure their parents". Within days of its broadcast, it was referred to as one of the most popular and controversial television commercials. Fact magazine surveyed 12,000 psychiatrists, members of the American Psychiatric Association, asking whether Goldwater was "psychologically fit to serve as president of the United States". Approximately 1,800 replies were received, among which were many claiming Goldwater was a "dangerous lunatic" and "compensated schizophrenic". The publication of these results was controversial; Goldwater successfully sued and won $75,000 () in punitive damages from Ralph Ginzburg, the magazine's publisher. This ultimately led to the American Psychiatric Association implementing the "Goldwater rule", which prohibits psychiatrists from disclosing their opinions on a public figure's mental health unless they have personally examined them and obtained their consent.

Nearly three weeks after its broadcast, Goldwater said that "the homes of America are horrified and the intelligence of Americans is insulted by weird television advertising by which this Administration threatens the end of the world unless all‐wise Lyndon is given the nation for his very own." In his subsequent speeches, Goldwater defended his views and insisted he wanted "peace through preparedness". In late September, he persuaded former president Dwight D. Eisenhower to appear in a filmed interview. He asked Eisenhower: "Our opponents are referring to us as warmongers, and I'd like to know what your opinion of that would be?" Eisenhower referred to Johnson's accusations as "actual tommyrot [nonsense]".
Though the exact viewership of the commercial is unknown, Robert Mann, the author of the book Daisy Petals and Mushroom Clouds, estimates that approximately a hundred million people saw it. Mann said, "What one of the brilliant aspects of the daisy girl spot was they never mentioned Barry Goldwater, never showed his image, because they didn't need to. The audience already had a lot of information on Goldwater's reckless positions and statements on nuclear war and nuclear weapons... they were trying to use what the voters already knew."

A few days later, the Johnson campaign released another advertisement, known as the "Ice-cream ad". The advertisement begins with a young girl eating ice-cream, while a female voice-over warns of the presence of radioactive isotopes like strontium-90 and caesium-137, which originate from atomic explosions, in the food. She discusses the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and Goldwater's positions against it, stating that if he is elected, "they might start testing [atomic bombs] all over again". The Johnson campaign ran further advertisements in a similar vein, including "Confessions of a Republican" and "Eastern Seaboard". A few days before the election, polls showed Johnson leading with 61 percent to Goldwater's 39 percent. Johnson won the election in a landslide victory, receiving 486 electoral votes to Goldwater's 52. Johnson received one of the largest margins of the popular vote in the United States history, defeating Goldwater by almost 15 million votes (22.6 percent). As of the 2020 presidential election, Johnson has gained the highest share of the popular vote in a presidential election since it first became widespread in the 1824 election, and the "Daisy" ad is considered one of the most important factors in his landslide victory.

Political usage and aftermath
The "Daisy" advertisement has been used or referenced in multiple political campaigns since first being shown and was an important turning point in political and advertising history. In his unsuccessful 1984 presidential campaign, Democratic nominee Walter Mondale created a commercial on secret communist nuclear weapons in space, which several newspapers compared with "Daisy" because Mondale's ad had a similar nuclear theme. In his unsuccessful 1996 presidential campaign, Republican nominee Bob Dole used a short clip of "Daisy" in his "The Threat" commercial; during the piece, a voice-over emphatically states "Thirty years ago, the biggest threat to her [the 'Daisy' girl] was nuclear war. Today, the threat is drugs." Other uses of "Daisy" include the 2007 Australian federal election, where the Australian Greens re-made it as one of their campaign ads on climate change. "Daisy" was also re-made in 2010 by the American Values Network, to encourage voters to ask their senators to ratify the New START program. Robert Mann concluded that "DDB brought to politics the same approach it applied to advertising automobiles, soap, and other products. In that way, "Daisy" Girl helped usher political advertising into the modern era."

Corzilius became known publicly as the "Daisy" girl after the broadcast of the commercial, although she did not see the commercial herself until the 2000s, when she searched for it on the Internet. Another child actor, Birgitte Olsen, falsely claimed that she was the girl in the commercial. While campaigning for the 2016 presidential election, Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton enlisted Corzilius to appear in a sequel to the ad that argued that Donald Trump was not competent to control nuclear weapons. In the ad Corzilius said, "The fear of nuclear war that we had as children, I never thought our children would ever have to deal with that again. And to see that coming forward in this election is really scary."

Almost 25 years after the commercial was first broadcast, when asked whether he approved of the "Daisy" commercial, Bill Moyers said:

Yes I did, and I regret that we were in on the first wave of the future. The ad was intended to remind voters of Johnson's prudence; it wasn't meant to make you think Barry Goldwater was a warmonger – but that's how a lot of people interpreted it. If my memory serves me correctly, we never touched on Vietnam in any of the political spots. It haunts me all this time that Johnson was portrayed as the peacemaker in that campaign, but he committed the country to a long, bloody war in Vietnam.

See also
 Comparative advertising
 Fearmongering

References

Works cited

Further reading

External links

 Transcript of "Peace, Little Girl" – 1964 Democratic Campaign Spot, via Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum
 The 1964 Daisy Girl Advertisement  (C-SPAN)

1960s controversies in the United States
1960s television commercials
1964 in American television
1964 United States presidential election
1964 works
Advertising and marketing controversies
American television commercials
Articles containing video clips
Barry Goldwater
Political campaign advertisements
Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson
Television controversies in the United States
United States election controversies
Works about children in war
Works about the Cold War

Daisy (advertisement)


Kemer şu anlamlara gelebilir:

Giyim
 Kemer - Bir giyim aksesuarı.

Güvenlik
 Emniyet kemeri - Taşıtlarda, can güvenliği için geliştirilmiş bir düzenek.

Mimarlık
 Kemer (mimarlık) - İki sütunu ya da ayağı birbirine bağlayan çeşitli şekillerdeki bağlantı.
 Su kemeri - Su taşıma işi için kullanılan yapı.
 Kemer Tren İstasyonu - İzmir'de bir tren istasyonu

Yerleşim yerleri
 Kemer, Antalya - Antalya iline bağlı ilçe
 Kemer, Burdur - Burdur iline bağlı ilçe
 Seydikemer - Muğla iline bağlı ilçe
 Kemer, Bozdoğan - Aydın ili Bozdoğan ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kemer, Sarız - Kayseri ili Sarız ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kemerhisar, Bor - Niğde ili Bor ilçesine bağlı belde
 Kemer, Biga - Çanakkale ili Biga ilçesine bağlı belde
 Kemeraltı, İzmir İzmir ili Konak ilçesine bağlı semt

Diğer
 M-525 TCG Kemer - Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri'ne bağlı mayın tarama gemisi

Kemer


NGC 6888 je emisijska maglica u zviježđu Labudu.
Maglicu rasvjetljuje Wolf-Rayetova zvijezda WR 136 (HD 192163). Maglica je stvorena brzim zvjezdanim vjetrom od te zvijezde koja se srazila s i energizirala sporiji vjetar koji je ibzbacila zvijezda koja je postala crveni div prije oko 250.000 do 400.000 godina. Ishod sraza je ljuska i dva udarna vala. Jedan se kreće prema vani, a drugi prema unutra. Udarni val koji se kreće prema unutra zagrijava zvjezdani vjetar do temperatura isijavanja X-zraka.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6888
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6888 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
   DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6850 - 6899

6888

NGC 6888


Ivan Martić (Uzwil, Švicarska, 2. listopada 1990.),  švicarsko-hrvatski nogometaš koji trenutačno igra u rumunjskoj Universitatei. Dio trojca Hrvata (stoper Renato Kelić, desni bek Ivan Martić i napadač Dominik Glavina) zaslužnih za prvi trofej Univesitatee nakon 27 godina, nakon dvostruke krune u sezoni 1990,/91., pobjedom u završnici rumunjskog kupa protiv Hermannstadta s 2:0.

Izvori
Soccerway

Vanjske poveznice
Sportsport.ba
Oleole.com

Hrvatski nogometaši
Nogometaši HNK Rijeke
Hrvati u Švicarskoj
Aktivni nogometaši koje treba ažurirati

Ivan Martić


Svevlad II où  Semoaldo (Senulado) (serbe cyrillique : Свевлад), est le fils du premier monarque serbe Ostroilo et fondateur de la dynastie Svevladovic une dynastie puissance qui selon certaines sources aurait régné dans les Balkans et Europe centrale, et petit-fils du roi Svevlad Ier. Il est un monarque légendaire qui aurait hérité du trône de son père, et aurait étendu les frontières de son royaume ; pour les textes latins il aurait régné entre les Balkans et l'Europe Centrale, il aurait persécuté les chrétiens, son règne aurait duré 12 ans, laissant la place à son fils Selimir où Silimir .

Références

Monarque de Serbie

Svevlad II


27864 Antongraff este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
27864 Antongraff este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Tautenburg de Freimut Börngen. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,76 ua, o excentricitate de 0,14 și o înclinație de 9,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 27001-28000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1995
Centura de asteroizi

27864 Antongraff


Final Fantasy XIV (فاينل فانتسي 14)، المعروفة أيضاً بالاسم Final Fantasy XIV Online (فاينل فانتسي 14 أونلاين) هي لعبة تبادل أدوار متعددة اللاعبين من تطوير شركة سكوير إنكس اليابانية وهي الجزء الرئيسي الرابع عشر من السلسلة الشهيرة فاينل فانتسي والجزء الثاني المخصص للعب عن طريق شبكة الإنترنت بعد فاينل فانتسي XI. ومن المخطط إطلاقها بشكل رسمي بتاريخ 30 سبتمبر 2010 على نظام ميكروسوفت ويندوز وفي 11 مارس 2011 على البلاي ستيشن 3. تجري أحداث اللعبة في عالم يُدعى إيورزيا (باليابانية: エオルゼア) (بالإنجليزية: Eorzea) الذي يدمج جماليات عناصر الخيال العلمي وعناصر فاينل فانتسي التقليدية. وسيتم إصدارها باللغات الإنجليزية واليابانية والفرنسية والألمانية.

تم البدء باختبار مرحلة الألفا الأولى للعبة في 11 مارس 2010، والمرحلة الثانية من اختبار ألفا كانت في 10 يونيو 2010. ثم دخلت اللعبة مرحلة البيتا المغلقة في 13 يوليو 2010 مع تحسينات كبيرة للرسوم عما كانت عليه في مرحلة ألفا.

آخر مرحلة اختبارية كان من المقرر لها أن تكون بتاريخ 1 سبتمبر 2010, ولكن خطأ في السيرفر أخر البداية أربعة وعشرين ساعة إلى 2 سبتمبر.

اللعبة ستصدر بنسختين، نسخة قياسية "Standard" من المقرر لها البدء بتاريخ 30 سبتمبر 2010، ونسخة أغلى "Collector" تم تشغيل سيرفراتها بتاريخ 22 سبتمبر 2010.

تم إيقاف خوادم اللعبة بتاريخ 11 نوفمبر 2012 بعدما تعرضت اللعبة لانتقادات وردات فعل سلبية: مع أنه تم الثناء على الرسوم والموسيقى، فقد انتقدت بقية نواحي اللعبة مثل طريقة اللعب والواجهة والانطباع العام عن اللعبة كونها غير مكتملة عند صدورها. قامت سكوير إنكس بسحب رسوم الاشتراك وأجلت إصدار بلاي ستيشن 3، وفي النهاية طورت نسخة جديدة تماماً من اللعبة تدعى فاينل فانتازي XIV: أ ريلم ريبورن، والتي صدرت بتاريخ 27 أغسطس 2013.

نظام اللعب
نظام القتال والوظائف سيكون مختلف بالكامل عن ذلك المستخدم في فاينل فانتسي XI. في فاينل فانتسي XI اعتمد نظام التطوير على مبدأ اكتساب الخبرة والتقدم وفقاً للمرحلة (و التي تزيد بزيادة الخبرة المكتسبة).فاينل فانتسي XIV ستختدم نظام تطوير معتمد على المهارة وقد أطلق عليه نظام مستودع الأسلحة. من أهم الاختلافات بين فاينل فانتسي XIV وبقية الألعاب من هذا النوع هو موازنتها بين اللعب المنفرد واللعب الجماعي، حيث يستطيع اللاعب أن يؤدي معظم المهمات بنفسه دون الحاجة لتكوين فريق.

نظام مستودع الأسلحة The Armoury System

في هذا النظام، يستطيع اللاعب -عن طريق تغيير السلاح الذي يحمله- تغيير تخصصه وحتى مظهره، فلو بدأ اللعب كرامي سهام مثلاً يستطيع أن يتحول بالكامل إلى حداد، بمجرد تغيير القوس والسهام التي يحملها إلى مطرقة حداد. اللعبة بهذا تجعل من السهل تجربة أكثر من تخصص دون الحاجة إلى إنشاء شخصية جديدة.

التخصصات في نظام مستودع الأسلحة مشابهه لتلك الموجودة في فاينل فانتسي XI، ولكن الآن سيكون التركيز على الأسلحة والمهارات بدلاً من نقاط الخبرة.

تقدم اللاعب يحدده شيئان، المرحلة الجسدية، ورتبة السلاح. المرحلة الجسدية ترتقي بزيادة نقاط الخبرة المكتسبة (بشكل مشابه لفاينل فانتسي XI)، وتؤثر على الصفات الجسدية للشخصية (كنقاط الحياة ونقاط السحر والدفاع الجسدي أو السحري)، وعند كل تطوير للمرحلة الجسدية يحصل اللاعب على 6 نقاط يمكنه توزيعها على صفاته (كالقوة والحيوية).

رتبة السلاح ترتقي عند استخدامك لسلاح معين، هناك عدد كبير من الأسلحة (و الأدوات في حالة تخصصات الأرض والحرفيين)، وباستخدامك لسلاح أو أداة معينه تكتسب نقاط مهارة  خاصة بذلك السلاح وهذي النقاط تساهم في ارتقاء رتبة السلاح. بارتقاء رتبة سلاح معين، تكتسب الشخصية مهارات جديدة.

الشيء المميز في هذا النظام هو أن الشخصية يمكنها الاحتفاظ بالمهارات بعد تغيير التخصص، فمثلاً، لو كنت مصارع (Gladiator) وطورت رتبتك حتى حصلت على المهارة اللوتس الحمراء، ثم استبدلت سيفك بفأس (تحول التخصص إلى مقاتل بالفأس)، يمكنك وقتها استخدام المهارة السابقة (اللوتس الحمراء)، ولو تعلمت مهارة جديدة خاصة بمقاتل الفأس، يمكنك وقتها العودة إلى تخصص السابق (Gladiator) والاحتفاظ بمهارات المقاتل بالفأس. هذه الميزة تعطيك حرية كبيرة في بناء شخصيتك وتمنح خيارات كثيرة جداً. لكن هناك اختلاف بسيط يحدث عند استخدام مهارة من تخصص مختلف، فوقت إطلاقها يكون أطول قليلاً، وتأثيرها يكون أخف بعض الشيء.

نظام اللعب Fatigue System

في فاينل فانتسي XI وفي معظم الألعاب من هذا النوع، السرعة التي يتقدم بها اللاعب في مراحل تطوره يتم تحديدها بمنحنى يتزايد بشكل أسي، فالتقدم في المراحل الأولى يكون سريع، ولكن كلما اقتربت من المرحلة الأخيرة يكون التقدم بطيء جدا مما يجعل اللاعبين يقضون ساعات طويلة لفترة أسابيع لسحق عدد كثير من وحوش اللعبة بشكل متكرر  حتى يمكنهم إكمال تقدمهم. القتل المستمر للوحوش لاكتساب الخبرة كان دائماً مشكلة ألعاب الأونلاين لما يتطلبه من وقت طويل قد يكون متاح للبعض وغير متاح لأغلب اللاعبين الذين يلعبون بصورة متقطعة  والذين يتخلفون بمراحل كثيرة عن القلة الذين يلعبون بشكل متواصل . تقليل مقدار انحدار منحنى التطور سيحل مشكلة الفرق في المراحل بين هذين النوعين من اللاعبين، ولكنه سيجعل وصول اللاعبين للمراحل النهائية -و من ثم مغادرتهم للعبة- سريع مما يسبب خسائر لمطوري اللعبة.

فاينل فانتسي XIV قدمت حل فريد من نوعه لهذه المشلكة، فهي قد قللت انحدار منحنى التطور (كمية نقاط الخبرة والمهارة اللازمة للتقدم) ولكنها وضعت نظام يقيد الكمية التي يمكن للاعب اكتسابها في فترة معينة، سمي هذا النظام نظام التعب وهو مشابه للحياة الواقعية، حيث يتعب اللاعب بعد فترة معينة من القتال ويتوقف عن اكتساب النقاط، ويجب إراحته حتى يتمكن من اكتساب النقاط مره أخرى.
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في هذا النظام، حد التعب مقسم إلى 15 قسم، كل قسم يساوي كمية الخبرة التي يكتسبها اللاعب في ساعة كاملة من القتال ضد الوحوش، فبعد ساعة من القتال، يتبقى لك 14 قسم، وبعد ساعتين 13,... وهكذا. يمكنك القتال لثمان ساعات متواصلة والحصول على نقاط خبرة ومهارة كاملة 100%، ثم بعد ثمان ساعات، تبدأ الشخصية بالتعب تدريجياً وتقل كمية النقاط المكتسبة حتى تصل إلى 0% بعد 15 ساعة. ولكن إذا توقفت عن القتال بعدها، يقل التعب وتتزايد النسبة بشكل تدريجي، حيث تستطيع بعدها العودة للقتال واكتساب ولو جزء بسيط من نقاط الخبرة، لكن بعد مرور إسبوع من بداية أول قتال تعود النسبة من جديد إلى 100% (و 15 قسم) وتبدأ دورة تعب جديدة. بهذا يمكن لمن يلعب بشكل متقطع أن يلحق بمن يلعب بشكل متواصل في المرحلة الجسدية.

و لكن هذا ليس كل شيء، فعند قتالك للوحوش أنت تكسب شيئين، نقاط خبرة، ونقاط مهارة، نقاط الخبرة هي شيء مشترك بين جميع التخصصات وينطبق عليها الشرح السابق لنظام التعب، لكن نقاط المهارة مرتبطة بتخصصك ! فلو وصلت حد التعب وأنت مصارع وصارت نسبة الخبرة والمهارة تساوي 0%، يمكنك تغيير سيفك بفأس لتصبح مقاتل بفأس والعودة إلى ساحة المعركة، عندها سيكون بإمكانك اكتساب نقاط مهارة فقط بنسبة 100% (أي أنك أصبحت في دورة تعب جديدة خاصة بنقاط مهارة المقاتل بالفأس)، في الوقت الذي تلعب به بالفأس كمقاتل بالفأس، سيكون تخصصك السابق في حالة راحة وستتزايد نسبة نقاط المهارة الخاصة به. ومع وجود 18 تخصص مختلف في فاينل فانتسي XIV لن تصل نقاط المهارة التي تكتسبها إلى 0% أبداً، فلو صارت هكذا في تخصص، يمكنك إستبداله بتخصص ثاني وتطويره. هذا يمكن من يلعب بشكل متواصل من التميز لأنه سيكون بإمكانه دمج مهارات من عدة تخصصات.

عالم اللعبة

القصة
شعوب Eorzea كانوا يعيشون في حالة حرب دائماً مع بعضهم البعض حتى 15 سنة ماضية، عندما جاءت إمبراطورية غامضة من الشرق لغزوهم، الشيء الذي جعلهم يقررون الاتحاد حتى يتمكنوا من مواجهه الغزاة، ولكن الإمبراطورية الشرقية لم تصل إليهم ولم تحدث أي حرب، السلام الناتج عن اتحاد هذه الشعوب ترك عدد كبير من الجنود والمرتزقة بدون عمل، وهذا ما جعلهم الآن يشكلون كتائب خاصة بهم، ويطلقون على أنفسهم اسم «المغامرون».

المدن الكبرى
 Ul'dah
 Limsa Lominsa
 Gridania
 Ishgard

الشخصيات
حتى هذا الوقت، تم تأكيد خمسة شعوب يمكن للاعب الاختيار بينهم، وجميعهم مشابهين لشعوب فاينل فانتسي XI.هدف المطورين في هذا الجزء كان خلق جو من التشابه الجمالي مع فاينل فانتسي XI.
 Hyur (هيور)، البشر.
 Elezen (إيليزن)، شعب يشبه الأقزام من ناحية تفاصيل الوجه ولكن ليسوا قصار، وهم السكان الأصليون لــEorzea.
 Lalfell (لالفيل)، شعب الأقزام، يتميزون بصغر أحجامهم والسرعة والذكاء العالي، وهم من المناطق الجنوبية.
 Roegadyn (رويغادين)، بحارة، من المناطق الشمالية.
 Miqo'te (ميكوتي)، شعب يشبه القطط.

الوظائف
الوظائف في هذا الجزء تم تقسيمها تحت أربعة تخصصات رئيسية.

و إلى الآن، تم الإعلان عن الوظائف التالية:

تخصص الحرب  ويشمل:
 Gladiator (مصارع)
 Marauder (مقاتل يستخدم الفأس)
 Pugilist (ملاكم)
 Archer (رامي السهام)
 Lancer (رماح)

تخصص السحر ويشمل:
 Thaumaturgist (صانع المعجزات)
 Conjurer (ساحر) مختصص

تخصص الأرض ويشمل:
 Botanist (البستاني)
 Fisher (صياد)
 Miner (عامل مناجم)

تخصص الأعمال الحرفية ويشمل:
 Carpenter (نجار)
 Armorer (صانع أسلحة)
 Goldsmith (صائغ)
 Tanner (دباغ جلود)
 Weaver (حائك)
 Alchemist (كيميائي)
 Culinarian (طباخ)
 Blacksmith (حداد)

المراجع

وصلات خارجية

 الموقع الرسمي
 قناة متخصصة في شروحات فاينل فانتسي 14

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