William Horwood (born 12 May 1944 in Oxford) is an English novelist. He grew up on the East Kent coast, primarily in Deal, within a family fractious with "parental separation, secret illegitimacy, alcoholism and genteel poverty".

Between the ages of six and ten, he was raised in foster care, attended school in Germany for a year, then went on to Grammar School at age eleven. In his eighteenth year, he attended Bristol University to study geography, after which he had any number of jobs—fundraising and teaching, among others, as well as editing for the London Daily Mail.

In 1978, at age 34, he retired from the newspaper in order to pursue novel-writing as his primary career, inspired by some long-ago reading of Frances Hodgson Burnett's The Secret Garden.

His first novel, Duncton Wood, an allegorical tale about a community of moles, was published in 1980. It was followed by two sequels, forming The Duncton Chronicles, and also a second trilogy, The Book of Silence. William Horwood has also written two stand-alone novels intertwining the lives of humans and of eagles (The Stonor Eagles and Callanish), and The Wolves of Time duology. Skallagrigg, his 1987 novel about disability, love, and trust, was made into a BBC film in 1994. In addition, he has written a number of sequels to the 1908 novel The Wind in the Willows by Kenneth Grahame.

Boy with No Shoes, published in August 2004, is a fictionalised memoir that explores challenging themes of childhood in Kent.

In 2007, he collaborated with historian Helen Rappaport to produce Dark Hearts of Chicago, a historical mystery and thriller set in nineteenth-century Chicago. It was re-published in 2008 as City of Dark Hearts with some significant revisions and cuts under the pen name James Conan.

After almost fifteen years, Horwood returned to his hallmark genre of fantasy, publishing the first novel in his Hyddenworld quartet in 2010. Each novel is thematically based on a season — the first is Hyddenworld: Spring, the next  to be published was Hyddenworld: Awakening followed by Hyddenworld: Harvest and Hyddenworld: Winter and deals with the adventures of a cast of humans and '' ('little folk,' with some distinct fae overtones) on a quest to find gems holding the powers of the season for which each is named. "If they can be brought together they may combine to re-kindle the fires of a dying universe."

Bibliography

The Duncton Chronicles
 Duncton Wood (1980)
 Duncton Quest (1988)
 Duncton Found (1989)

The Book of Silence
 Duncton Tales (1991)
 Duncton Rising (1992)
 Duncton Stone (1993)

The Wolves of Time
 Journeys to the Heartland (Hardcover 1995, Paperback 1996)
 Seekers at the Wulfrock (Hardcover 1997, Paperback 1998)

Tales of the Willows
 The Willows in Winter (Hardcover 1993)
 Toad Triumphant (Hardcover 1995)
 The Willows and Beyond (Hardcover 1996)
 The Willows at Christmas (Hardcover 1999)

Hyddenworld
 Hyddenworld: Spring (Spring 2010)
 Hyddenworld: Awakening (2011)
 Hyddenworld: Harvest (2012)
 Hyddenworld: Winter (2013)

Standalone Novels
 The Stonor Eagles (Hardcover 1982, Paperback 1983)
 Callanish (Hardcover 1984, Paperback 1985)
 Skallagrigg (Hardcover 1987, Paperback 1988)
 The Boy With No Shoes (Hardcover 2004, Paperback 2005)
 Dark Hearts of Chicago (2007) with Helen Rappaport

References
 Official William Horwood Website

External links

 - Official William Horwood Website
 WilliamHorwood.net – Links Related to William Horwood's Books
 Interview with William Horwood regarding The Willows at Christmas from Harper Collins Publishers

20th-century English novelists
21st-century English novelists
English children's writers
1944 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Bristol
People from Deal, Kent
English male novelists
20th-century English male writers
21st-century English male writers

William Horwood (novelist)


Carnival of Carnage is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Insane Clown Posse, released on October 18, 1992, by Psychopathic Records.

Recording sessions for the album took place from 1991 to 1992 at Miller Midi Productions and The Tempermill Studio. The album is the first Joker's Card in the group's Dark Carnival mythology. The album's lyrics describe the Carnival of Carnage as a representation of the violence that occurs within the ghettos, which takes the form of a traveling carnival to enact the same brutality on the upper class.

Carnival Of Carnage was the first album on which Insane Clown Posse collaborated with producer Mike E. Clark, who would work with the group throughout much of their career. It features guest appearances by popular Detroit rappers Esham and Kid Rock. The album features the only recorded appearances of member John Kickjazz, who left the group prior to the album's release. Although the album did not initially sell well, it became eligible for gold certification by the RIAA in 2010.

Conception

Background

Joseph Bruce and Joseph Utsler formed a hip hop group in 1990. Under the stage names Violent J, 2 Dope, and John Kickjazz, the group began performing at local night clubs under the name of their gang, Inner City Posse. By late 1991, the group had invested more money into production than was covered by returns. They decided that their gangsta rap style was the cause of the problem: Most emcees at the time used similar styles, making it difficult for Inner City Posse to distinguish itself stylistically. Bruce suggested the band instead adapt a style similar to the hallucinatory, surrealistic "acid rap" of fellow Detroit rapper Esham, in a bid to have Detroit represent acid rap, much as Los Angeles represented gangsta rap. The group agreed, but not to copying the style of Esham closely. Instead, they suggested using horror-themed lyrics as an emotional outlet for all their negative life experiences. They were also unanimous in deciding not to rap openly about Satan, which Esham often did.

After the change in musical style, the group decided that it needed a new name. Utsler suggested keeping the "I.C.P." initials to inform the community that Inner City Posse was not defunct, an idea to which the group agreed. Several names were considered before Bruce recalled his dream of a clown running around in Delray, which became the inspiration for the group's new name Insane Clown Posse. The other members agreed, deciding that they would take on this new genre and name, and would all don face paint due to the success of their former clown-painted hype man.

Recording
Carnival of Carnage began recording at Miller Midi Productions in Detroit, Michigan with Chuck Miller producing and mastering the album. Miller charged the group US$6,000 to produce the songs "Red Neck Hoe," "Psychopathic," "Your Rebel Flag," and part of "Night of the Axe." Seeing that they were being overcharged, Alex Abbiss made his first major managerial move by finding another producer, Mike E. Clark. The group finished recording the album with Clark at The Tempermill Studio in Ferndale, Michigan. Clark mastered his part of the album at Rythmatic Studio, and continued to work with the group throughout their career.

Original group member John Kickjazz appeared on the songs "Your Rebel Flag", "Psychopathic", "Blacken' Your Eyes", "Wizard of the Hood", "Red Neck Hoe" and "Taste". "Carnival of Carnage" was originally recorded by Esham at Hells Doors Studio, but he pronounced "carnage" as "carnicks" and refused to redo it. The final version of the song was recorded by Joseph Bruce over a reversed recording of the original.

Awesome Dre was originally going to do a verse on "Taste." While Insane Clown Posse waited in the studio for him to arrive, Esham suggested that he appear on the track instead for the same amount of money, and the group allowed him to record a verse. Esham was paid $500 for his appearance. Kid Rock demanded a hundred more than Esham, and was paid $600 to appear on "Is That You?" He showed up to record the song intoxicated, but re-recorded his vocals and record scratching the following day.

Joker's Cards
Carnival of Carnage is the first Joker's Card in Insane Clown Posse's Dark Carnival concept album series. The Dark Carnival is a concept of the afterlife in which souls are sent to a form of limbo while waiting to be sent to heaven or hell based on their individual actions. These concepts are related by Insane Clown Posse in a series of albums called the six Joker's Cards. Each of the six Joker's Cards relate to a specific character — an entity of the Dark Carnival — that tries to "save the human soul" by showing the wicked inside of one's self.

This Joker's Card is a representation of the ghettos and the violence that occurs within them. It takes the form of a traveling carnival which releases the same brutality on those who have ignored the inner cities' cries for help. The Card issues a warning against the upper-class and government's negligence toward the lower classes. The cover of Carnival of Carnage was drawn by Joseph Utsler, who would later create artwork for the rest of the albums in the Joker's Cards series.

Samples
Mike Clark samples Johnny "Hammond" Smith's "Big Sur Suite", from Smith's 1974 album Higher Ground, Black Sabbath's "The Wizard", from their 1970 debut album, the Beastie Boys "Pass the Mic" from their 1992 album Check Your Head,  and the drum beat from Champtown's "Do Da Dippity" off his 1991/2 12" single Do Da Dippity,  in his production of "Never Had It Made." Joseph Bruce samples several clips from the film The Wizard of Oz in "Wizard of the Hood." The song "Psychopathic" features a sample of "More Bounce to the Ounce" by Zapp and "Halloween theme" from the Halloween film franchise. The song "Redneck Hoe" features a sample from "City, Country, City" by WAR. The song "Taste" samples Esham's "Word After Word" from Boomin' Words from Hell and "Ghetto Freak Show" samples "I'd Rather Be Dead" from Judgement Day.

"The Juggla" samples "Kiss" by Prince.

Lyricism
Joseph Bruce uses elements of political hip hop throughout the album. Many of his lyrics were derived from his experiences of growing up in a poor family that was neglected by the government. He and his brother Robert used to escape from their impoverished reality by gathering themselves in a forest called "Picker Forest". Joe cites "Picker Forest" as a strong influence on the Dark Carnival mythology which began with this album. The themes of the Dark Carnival also derived from a dream Bruce had shortly after the group adopted its new name, in which  spirits in a traveling carnival appeared to him.

"Red Neck Hoe" and "Your Rebel Flag" stem from the group's anti-bigotry philosophy, based on various experiences witnessed by Bruce. As a teenager, he had briefly lived in Bonnie Doone, North Carolina, a trailer park town just outside Fort Bragg, where his brother Robert had been staying with the U.S. Army. There, Joseph witnessed firsthand the hatred and open racism directed toward African American citizens, as well as the minorities serving in the Army, and became disgusted and infuriated with the actions that took place. "Wizard of the Hood" was originally written by Bruce sometime in the late 1980s. The first recorded version of the song appeared on the Intelligence and Violence EP under the name "Wizard of Delray." The Carnival of Carnage version is derived from a 1991 recording which appeared on the EP Dog Beats.

Release

Just weeks prior to the release of their album, John left the group because he felt that it was "taking up too much of [his] life." When Bruce and Utsler attempted to call a meeting to talk about the issues, John did not attend. Carnival of Carnage was released on October 18, 1992, with distribution within a  radius of Detroit. Carnival of Carnage sold 17 copies on its release date. The number would become a reoccurring theme in Insane Clown Posse's work throughout much of the following decade. A condensed extended play featuring tracks from Carnival of Carnage was pressed on vinyl in hopes that DJs would play the songs in Detroit-area nightclubs.

Reception

Although Carnival of Carnage was not reviewed at the time of its release, later reviews of the album have been unfavorable. AllMusic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album three out of five stars, comparing the group's performance on the album to "a third-rate Beastie Boys supported by a cut-rate Faith No More, all tempered with the sensibility that made GWAR cult heroes—only with [...] more sexism and jokes that are supposed to be street, but wind up sounding racist", but stating that the album would appeal to fans of the group. In The Great Rock Discography, Martin Charles Strong gave the album four out of ten stars. The album received one star out of five in The New Rolling Stone Album Guide, in which Ben Sisario panned it (along with the rest of the group's discography before The Great Milenko) as "gangsta-inspired wigga posturing".

Legacy
During a live performance of the song "The Juggla" in 1993, Bruce addressed the audience as Juggalos, and the positive response resulted in the group using the word thereafter. The word has been the subject of criticism from both Sisario and Erlewine, who suggested the term is similar to the racial slur jigaboo. In 1997, Twiztid released a cover of the song "First Day Out" on the duo's debut album, Mostasteless. In 1998, the album was reissued by Island Records without the tracks "Blackin' Your Eyes" and "Night of the Axe." The original version continues to be sold by Psychopathic Records. By 2010, the album had sold well enough to become eligible for gold certification by the RIAA. In the Aqua Teen Hunger Force episode "Juggalo", Bruce and Utsler appear as themselves during a trial after Master Shake commits suicide. George Lowe asks "Mr. 2 Dope" to read lyrics from "Blackin' Your Eyes".

25th Anniversary
In mid 2017 it was announced that Insane Clown Posse was going to perform the album in its entirety at the "El Club" (which holds 600 people), located in southwest Detroit directly across the street from Clark Park right in the heart of ICP's stomping ground when they were younger. It was also announced that the performance would only be a one time thing, and tickets would be $250, with all proceeds going directly to the people making the documentary about John Kickjazz titled "The Third Clown". It was also said that John and Shaggy 2 Dope's little brother Tre Pound of Chop Shop would fill in for John. Later on it was announced that for the first time in 25 years Inner City Posse would be performing, and they would wear no makeup. Also a 25th anniversary vinyl version will be available. On August 25, 2017, the lineup for the show was announced, including Rude Boys son DJ Carlito performing (playing music) in between sets, as well as an after party at "MJ's":

Carnival Of Carnage Show
Doors Open: 2:00
JCW - 3:30–6:00
Inner City Posse - 7:30–7:50
Dice - 8:10–8:40
Champtown - 9:00–9:40
Insane Clown Posse - 10:00–11:00

After Party
Doors Open: 11:00
Lyte - 11:30–12:00
DJ Clay - 12:10–12:40
Big Hoodoo - 12:50–1:20
Anybody Killa - 1:30–2:00

Track listing

Personnel
 Violent J – vocals, production
 2 Dope – vocals, scratching
 John Kickjazz – vocals
 Kid Villain - vocals on "Wizard of the Hood"
 Nate The Mack – guest vocals
 Kid Rock – guest vocals, scratching
 Capitol E – guest vocals
 Jumpsteady – guest vocals
 Esham – guest vocals, production
 Mike E. Clark – production
 Chuck Miller - production

References

1992 debut albums
Albums produced by Esham
Albums produced by Mike E. Clark
Insane Clown Posse albums
Island Records albums
Self-released albums
Psychopathic Records albums

Carnival of Carnage


11666 Bracker este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
11666 Bracker este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Kitt Peak National Observatory în cadrul proiectului Spacewatch. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,40 ua, o excentricitate de 0,16 și o înclinație de 1,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 11001-12000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1997
Centura de asteroizi

11666 Bracker


The Sea Beast (no Brasil: A Fera do Mar, em Portugal: O Monstro Marinho) é um longa-metragem canadiano-estadunidense que utiliza-se da técnica de animação computadorizada do gênero de aventura lançado em 2022, dirigido por Chris Williams, que coescreveu com Nell Benjamin e produziu com Jed Schlanger. O filme é estrelado pelas vozes de Karl Urban, Zaris-Angel Hator, Jared Harris e Marianne Jean-Baptiste. Ele conta a história de um caçador de monstros marinhos e de uma jovem órfã que se junta a seu grupo de caçadores de monstros marinhos em sua busca pelo indescritível, Red Bluster. O filme teve um lançamento limitado nos cinemas em 24 de junho de 2022, antes de estrear na Netflix em 8 de julho.

Recebeu críticas positivas da crítica e se tornou o filme de animação de maior sucesso da Netflix, com 165 milhões de horas visualizadas. Em 2023, foi anunciado que uma sequência estava em andamento. No dia 17 de janeiro, junto a Puss in Boots: The Last Wish foi o quarto filme com mais indicações no Annie Awards 2023 com 6 no total, dentre estas: Melhor Animação, Melhor Música e Direção de Arte em Filme, além da indicação de Zaris-Angel Hator por Melhor Atuação de Voz em filme.

Sinopse
Em busca de aventuras uma jovem menina, Maisie, entra escondida em um navio pertencente à um lendário caçador de monstros marinhos. Na jornada, ela aproxima-se de um dos caçadores, Jacob, juntos, fazem uma jornada épica por águas desconhecidas.

Elenco de Voz

 Karl Urban como Jacob Holland
 Zaris-Angel Hator como Maisie Brumble
 Jared Harris como Capitão Augustus Crow III
 Marianne Jean-Baptiste como Sarah Sharpe
 Kathy Burke como Gwen Batterbie

Produção
Em 5 de novembro de 2018, a Netflix anunciou que Chris Williams escreveria e dirigiria o filme de animação Jacob and the Sea Beast. Em 7 de novembro de 2020, o filme foi renomeado para The Sea Beast. Os serviços de animação foram fornecidos pela Sony Pictures Imageworks em Vancouver. Mark Mancina compôs a trilha sonora do filme. Mancina também produziu uma canção original chamada "Captain Crow", uma favela do mar representando o personagem escrita por Nell Benjamin e Laurence O'Keefe.

Lançamento
Em março de 2022, a Netflix anunciou sua data de estreia para 8 de julho de 2022. O filme foi lançado em cinemas selecionados em 24 de junho de 2022, antes de sua estreia no streaming pela Netflix.

Recepção

Resposta da Crítica
No site agregador de críticas Rotten Tomatoes, 94% das 105 críticas dos críticos são positivas, com uma classificação média de 7,6/10. O consenso do site diz: "Um conto de animação original que costuma ser tão ousado quanto seus personagens, The Sea Beast envia o público em uma viagem que vale a pena fazer". No Metacritic, o filme tem uma pontuação média ponderada de 74 em 100 com base em 20 críticos, indicando críticas favoráveis.

Prêmios e Indicações

Sequência
Em janeiro de 2023, Williams anunciou em uma entrevista ao The Hollywood Reporter que havia assinado um contrato com a Netflix e estaria trabalhando em uma sequência de The Sea Beast após o enorme sucesso do filme.

Ligações externas

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 2022

The Sea Beast


Evelyn Briggs Baldwin  (* 22. Juli 1862 in Springfield, Missouri; † 25. Oktober 1933 in Washington, D.C.) war ein US-amerikanischer Polarforscher und Meteorologe.

Leben

Herkunft und Ausbildung
Baldwin wurde 1862 als ältester Sohn des Wanderlehrers Elias Briggs Baldwin (1834–1921) geboren. Die Familie ließ sich 1869 auf einer Farm im Labette County in Kansas nieder. Am Northwestern College in Naperville im Bundesstaat Illinois machte Baldwin 1885 seinen Master of Science und reiste anschließend ein Jahr durch Europa und mehrere Jahre durch den US-amerikanischen Westen. Die Reise finanzierte er durch seine monatlich erscheinenden Reiseerlebnisse, die von 2.000 Abonnenten gelesen wurden.

Nach einer Tätigkeit beim amerikanischen Wetterdienst nahm er 1893–1894 als Meteorologe an Robert Pearys zweiter Expedition nach Nordgrönland teil. Nach seiner Rückkehr verfasste Baldwin ein Buch über die Geschichte der Arktisforschung (The Search for the North Pole, 1896). Er hoffte, mit den Einnahmen eine eigene Expedition finanzieren zu können. Eine kritische Passage zu Pearys Expedition führte zum dauerhaften Zerwürfnis zwischen den beiden Männern.

Als Salomon August Andrée seinen Plan verkündete, den geografischen Nordpol im Korb eines Wasserstoffballons zu erreichen, bewarb Baldwin sich um die Teilnahme, wurde aber nicht berücksichtigt. Er reiste im Sommer 1897 trotzdem nach Spitzbergen, kam aber zu spät, um den Beginn der Ballonfahrt miterleben zu können.

Die Wellman-Expedition 1898–1899
1894 hatte Baldwin nach seiner Rückkehr von Grönland Kontakt zu Walter Wellman aufgenommen. Der US-amerikanische Journalist hatte gerade vergeblich versucht, den Nordpol von Spitzbergen aus zu erreichen, ließ sich davon aber nicht entmutigen. 1898 waren die Vorbereitungen für eine neue Expedition abgeschlossen, an der Baldwin als Meteorologe und Stellvertreter Wellmans teilnahm. Als Ausgangspunkt hatte Wellman diesmal Franz-Josef-Land gewählt. Er errichtete sein Basislager am Kap Tegetthoff auf der Hall-Insel und beauftragte Baldwin, ein Vorratslager weiter im Norden anzulegen, um den für 1899 geplanten Vorstoß zum Pol logistisch vorzubereiten. Als Leiter eines vierköpfigen Teams transportierte Baldwin die Vorräte zum Kap Heller auf Wilczek-Land und ließ zwei norwegische Expeditionsmitglieder, Bernt Bentsen (1860–1899) und Paul Bjørvig, in einer primitiven Behausung als Bewachung zurück. Bentsen starb vor dem nächsten Frühjahr.

Wellman war enttäuscht von Baldwin, hatte er das Depot doch deutlich weiter nördlich, etwa am 82. Breitengrad, erwartet. Bei der Zusammenstellung seines Teams für den entscheidenden Vorstoß zum Nordpol verzichtete er auf Baldwin. Diesem erteilte er den Auftrag, die noch unerforschte Ostküste von Wilczek-Land zu kartieren. Dabei entdeckte die Gruppe um Baldwin die östlichste Insel des Franz-Josef-Archipels. Wellman gab ihr den Namen Graham-Bell-Insel. Diese geografische Entdeckung war der wichtigste Erfolg der Expedition.

Die Baldwin-Ziegler-Polarexpedition 1901–1902

Bald nach der Rückkehr der Wellman-Expedition konnte Baldwin den US-amerikanischen Unternehmer William Ziegler (1843–1905), der mit Backpulver ein Vermögen verdient hatte, als Sponsor für einen neuen Versuch gewinnen, den Nordpol zu erreichen. Ziegler stellte Baldwin  zur Ausführung seiner Pläne zur Verfügung. Am Ende betrugen die Ausgaben nach Baldwins Angaben 142.000 US-Dollar (etwa heutige  Euro).

Baldwins Plan sah vor, von Franz-Josef-Land aus mit dem Hundeschlitten zum Nordpol zu reisen und – die Eisdrift nutzend – mit dem Grönlandstrom in bewohnte Gebiete zurückzukehren. Um den Rückweg abzusichern, schickte er 1901 Johan Bryde (1858–1925) mit der Belgica nach Ostgrönland, der auf Bass Rock und Shannon Vorratsdepots anlegte. Das 42-köpfige Expeditionsteam verließ Norwegen an Bord der America im Sommer 1901. Am Kap Flora im Süden der Northbrook-Insel kam es zum Zusammentreffen mit dem Versorgungsschiff Frithjof. Die Expedition verfügte über Proviant für drei Jahre, mehr als 400 Schlittenhunde und 15 Ponys, außerdem über zwei Fesselballons, die jeweils einen Beobachter tragen konnten, und über eine Anlage zur Herstellung des erforderlichen Wasserstoffs.

Baldwins Vorhaben, mit der America bis zur Rudolf-Insel vorzudringen, scheiterte an den ungünstigen Eisverhältnissen. Im Oktober ließ er das Winterlager auf der Alger-Insel errichten. Zur Vorbereitung des geplanten Vorstoßes zum Pol legten die Expeditionsteilnehmer im Frühjahr 1902 drei Depots an, das nördlichste am Kap Auk auf der Rudolf-Insel. Anstatt nun zum Pol aufzubrechen, entschied Baldwin, dass es zu spät wäre, den Versuch noch 1902 zu beginnen. Stattdessen versuchte er, die Stelle auf der Jackson-Insel zu finden, an der Fridtjof Nansen und Fredrik Hjalmar Johansen während der Fram-Expedition den Winter 1895/96 verbracht hatten. Am 14. Mai fand er die Hütte und entnahm die Nachricht, die Nansen dort hinterlassen hatte.

Baldwin hoffte, die America im Sommer doch noch weiter nach Norden navigieren zu können, allerdings wäre dann der Kohlevorrat für die Rückfahrt knapp geworden. Um Verbindung nach Europa aufzunehmen und Ziegler um eine zusätzliche Kohlelieferung zu bitten, schickte er insgesamt 422 Ballonbojen auf die Reise, von denen allerdings keine rechtzeitig gefunden wurde. Mitte Juli brach Baldwin die Expedition ab und kehrte mit der America nach Norwegen zurück. Ziegler war enttäuscht davon, wie wenig Baldwin erreicht hatte, und stellte die Zusammenarbeit mit ihm ein. Er beauftragte dessen Stellvertreter und Expeditionsfotografen Anthony Fiala damit, einen zweiten Versuch zu unternehmen, die Fiala-Ziegler-Expedition von 1903 bis 1905.

Späte Jahre
In den folgenden Jahren versuchte Baldwin vergeblich, Mittel für eine weitere Polarexpedition einzuwerben. Auf ausgedehnten Vortragsreisen berichtete er von seinen Erlebnissen und Plänen. Die beste Chance, den Pol zu erreichen, sah er nun darin, ein Expeditionsschiff von der Beringstraße aus mit dem Eis nach Norden driften zu lassen, also einer Neuauflage von Nansens Fram-Expedition.

Während des Ersten Weltkriegs enttarnte Baldwin 1915 die deutschen Spione Bernhard Dernberg (1865–1937), Franz von Papen und Karl Boy-Ed.

Er starb am 25. Oktober 1933 in Washington, D.C., als er beim Überqueren einer Straße von einem Auto erfasst wurde. Er wurde auf dem Friedhof von Oswego in Kansas bestattet. In Franz-Josef-Land trägt ein Kap der Payer-Insel seinen Namen.

Werke
 The Search for the North Pole, 1896
 Meteorological Observations of the Scond Wellman Expedition, 1901
 Inscriptions from the Cornell Place Burial Ground, Poughquag, Dutchess County, N.Y., 1904
 Plan to Drift Across the Arctic Ocean, 1909
 Positive Proof of Dr. Cook's Attainment of the Pole, 1911
 Drifting Across the Pole, 1925

Literatur
 .
 P. J. Capelotti: E. B. Baldwin and the American–Norwegian discovery and exploration of Graham Bell Island, 1899. In: Polar Research. Band 25, Nr. 2, 2006, S. 155–171 (englisch).
 P. J. Capelotti: A "radically new method": balloon buoy communications of the Baldwin–Ziegler Polar Expedition, Franz Josef Land, June 1902. In: Polar Research. Band 27, 2008, S. 52–72 (englisch).
 .
 E. B. Baldwin: The Search for the North Pole. Selbstverlag, Chicago 1896 (englisch).
 E. B. Baldwin: How I Hope to Reach the North Pole. In: McClure's Magazine, September 1901, S. 415–422 (englisch).
 E. B. Baldwin: How I Hope to Reach the North Pole. In: Windsor Magazine 15, 1901, S. 59–69 (englisch).
 E. B. Baldwin: The Baldwin–Ziegler Polar Expedition. In: The Wide World Magazine 10, 1903, S. 396–402, S. 432–436, S. 587–593 (englisch).

Einzelnachweise

Polarforscher (Arktis)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1862
Gestorben 1933
Mann

Evelyn Briggs Baldwin


Čuskveja (lat. Chusquea), veliki biljni rod iz porodice trava kojemu pripada preko 170 vrsta vazdazelenih bambusa u Srednjoj i Južnoj Americi.

Čuskveje su klasificirane potporodici Bambusoideae, tribusu Bambuseae, i podtribusu Chusqueinae, kojemu su dali svoje ime.

Vrste

 Chusquea abietifolia Griseb.
 Chusquea acuminata Döll
 Chusquea acuminatissima (Munro) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea albilanata L.G.Clark & Londoño
 Chusquea amistadensis L.G.Clark, Davidse & R.P.Ellis
 Chusquea andina Phil.
 Chusquea anelythra Nees
 Chusquea anelythroides Rupr. ex Döll
 Chusquea angusta (Swallen) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea angustifolia (Soderstr. & C.E.Calderón) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea annagardneriae L.G.Clark, C.D.Tyrrell, Triplett & A.E.Fisher
 Chusquea antioquensis L.G.Clark & Londoño
 Chusquea aperta L.G.Clark
 Chusquea arachniformis L.G.Clark & Londoño
 Chusquea argentina Parodi
 Chusquea aristata Munro
 Chusquea aspera L.G.Clark
 Chusquea asymmetrica (L.G.Clark) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea attenuata (Döll) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea aurea L.G.Clark & Ely
 Chusquea baculifera Silveira
 Chusquea bahiana L.G.Clark
 Chusquea bambusoides (Raddi) Hack.
 Chusquea barbata L.G.Clark
 Chusquea bilimekii E.Fourn.
 Chusquea bradei L.G.Clark
 Chusquea caparaoensis L.G.Clark
 Chusquea capitata Nees
 Chusquea capituliflora Trin.
 Chusquea ciliata Phil.
 Chusquea ciliatifolia A.C.Mota, Judz. & L.G.Clark
 Chusquea circinata Soderstr. & C.E.Calderón
 Chusquea clarkiae Londoño & Judz.
 Chusquea clemirae A.C.Mota, R.P.Oliveira & L.G.Clark
 Chusquea coronalis Soderstr. & C.E.Calderón
 Chusquea cortesii L.G.Clark & Ruiz-Sanchez
 Chusquea costaricensis L.G.Clark & March
 Chusquea culeou É.Desv.
 Chusquea cumingii Nees
 Chusquea cylindrica L.G.Clark
 Chusquea decolorata Munro ex L.G.Clark
 Chusquea deficiens Parodi
 Chusquea deflexa L.G.Clark
 Chusquea delicatula Hitchc.
 Chusquea depauperata Pilg.
 Chusquea diversiglumis (Soderstr.) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea dombeyana Kunth
 Chusquea egluma Guerreiro & Rúgolo
 Chusquea elata (Kunth) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea enigmatica Ruiz-Sanchez, Mejía-Saulés & L.G.Clark
 Chusquea erecta L.G.Clark
 Chusquea exasperata L.G.Clark
 Chusquea falcata L.G.Clark
 Chusquea fasciculata Döll
 Chusquea fendleri Munro
 Chusquea fernandeziana Phil.
 Chusquea fimbriligulata (L.G.Clark) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea floribunda Guerreiro & Rúgolo
 Chusquea foliosa L.G.Clark
 Chusquea galeottiana Rupr. ex Munro
 Chusquea gibcooperi Ruiz-Sanchez, Mejía-Saulés, G.Cortés & L.G.Clark
 Chusquea gigantea Demoly
 Chusquea glauca L.G.Clark
 Chusquea glomerata (Swallen) Dorr
 Chusquea gracilis McClure & L.B.Sm.
 Chusquea grandiflora L.G.Clark
 Chusquea guirigayensis S.M.Niño, L.G.Clark & Dorr
 Chusquea hatschbachii L.G.Clark & Blong
 Chusquea heterophylla Nees
 Chusquea huantensis Pilg.
 Chusquea ibiramae McClure & L.B.Sm.
 Chusquea inamoena Pilg.
 Chusquea juergensii Hack.
 Chusquea laegaardii (L.G.Clark) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea lanceolata Hitchc.
 Chusquea latifolia L.G.Clark
 Chusquea lehmannii Pilg.
 Chusquea leonardiorum L.G.Clark
 Chusquea leptophylla Nees
 Chusquea liebmannii E.Fourn.
 Chusquea ligulata Munro
 Chusquea linearis N.E.Br.
 Chusquea londoniae L.G.Clark
 Chusquea longifolia Swallen
 Chusquea longiligulata (Soderstr. & C.E.Calderón) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea longipendula Kuntze
 Chusquea longiprophylla L.G.Clark
 Chusquea longispiculata L.G.Clark
 Chusquea lorentziana Griseb.
 Chusquea loxensis L.G.Clark
 Chusquea maclurei L.G.Clark
 Chusquea macrostachya Phil.
 Chusquea maculata L.G.Clark
 Chusquea magnifolia L.G.Clark
 Chusquea matlatzinca L.G.Clark & Ruiz-Sanchez
 Chusquea mayrae A.E.Fisher, C.D.Tyrrell & L.G.Clark
 Chusquea meyeriana Rupr. ex Döll
 Chusquea microphylla (Döll) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea mimosa McClure & L.B.Sm.
 Chusquea mirabilis A.C.Mota, R.P.Oliveira & L.G.Clark
 Chusquea mollis (Swallen) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea montana Phil.
 Chusquea mulleri Munro
 Chusquea multiramea L.G.Clark & Ely
 Chusquea nana (L.G.Clark) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea nedjaquithii Ruiz-Sanchez, Mejía-Saulés & L.G.Clark
 Chusquea nelsonii Scribn. & J.G.Sm.
 Chusquea neurophylla L.G.Clark
 Chusquea nobilis (Munro) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea nudiramea L.G.Clark
 Chusquea nutans L.G.Clark
 Chusquea oligophylla Rupr.
 Chusquea oxylepis (Hack.) Ekman
 Chusquea pallida Munro
 Chusquea paludicola L.G.Clark
 Chusquea parodii A.S.Vega & Rúgolo
 Chusquea patens L.G.Clark
 Chusquea paucispiculata A.S.Vega & Rúgolo
 Chusquea perligulata (Pilg.) McClure
 Chusquea perotensis L.G.Clark, G.Cortes & Cházaro
 Chusquea peruviana E.G.Camus
 Chusquea petiolata (Davidse & L.G.Clark) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea picta Pilg.
 Chusquea pinifolia (Nees) Nees
 Chusquea pittieri Hack.
 Chusquea pohlii L.G.Clark
 Chusquea polyclados Pilg.
 Chusquea pulchella L.G.Clark
 Chusquea purdieana Munro
 Chusquea quila Kunth
 Chusquea ramosissima Lindm.
 Chusquea renvoizei L.G.Clark
 Chusquea repens L.G.Clark & Londoño
 Chusquea rigida (L.G.Clark) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea riosaltensis L.G.Clark
 Chusquea scabra Soderstr. & C.E.Calderón
 Chusquea scandens Kunth
 Chusquea sclerophylla Döll
 Chusquea sellowii Rupr.
 Chusquea serpens L.G.Clark
 Chusquea serrulata Pilg.
 Chusquea silverstonei (Davidse & L.G.Clark) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea simpliciflora Munro
 Chusquea smithii L.G.Clark
 Chusquea sneidernii Aspl.
 Chusquea spadicea Pilg.
 Chusquea spathacea L.G.Clark
 Chusquea spectabilis L.G.Clark
 Chusquea spencei Ernst
 Chusquea spicata Munro
 Chusquea straminea Pilg.
 Chusquea stuebelii (Pilg.) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea subtessellata Hitchc.
 Chusquea subtilis Widmer & L.G.Clark
 Chusquea subulata L.G.Clark
 Chusquea sulcata Swallen
 Chusquea talamancensis Widmer & L.G.Clark
 Chusquea tarmensis Pilg.
 Chusquea tenella Nees
 Chusquea tenuiglumis Döll
 Chusquea tessellata Munro
 Chusquea tomentosa Widmer & L.G.Clark
 Chusquea tonduzii Hack.
 Chusquea tovarii L.G.Clark
 Chusquea tuberculosa Swallen
 Chusquea uliginosa Phil.
 Chusquea uniflora Steud.
 Chusquea urelytra Hack.
 Chusquea valdiviensis É.Desv.
 Chusquea villosa (L.G.Clark) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea virgata Hack.
 Chusquea vulcanalis (Soderstr. & C.E.Calderón) L.G.Clark
 Chusquea wilkesii Munro
 Chusquea windischii L.G.Clark
 Chusquea yungasensis L.G.Clark & A.C.Mota

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Bambusovci

Čuskveja


Mats Johan Sundin (; born 13 February 1971) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player who played the majority of his career in the National Hockey League (NHL), retiring in 2009. Originally drafted first overall in 1989, Sundin played his first four seasons in the NHL with the Quebec Nordiques. He was then traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1994, where he played the majority of his career, serving 11 seasons as team captain. At the end of the 2007–08 season, Sundin was the longest-serving non-North American-born captain in NHL history. Sundin last played for the Vancouver Canucks in the 2008–09 season before announcing his retirement on 30 September 2009. He appeared in the Stanley Cup playoffs in 10 of his 18 seasons.

Excluding his rookie season, the shortened lockout season and his half-season with Vancouver, Sundin scored at least 70 points in every season of his career, played at least 70 games in every season and led the Maple Leafs in points in every year he was with the team, with the exception of the 2002–03 season, when Alexander Mogilny surpassed him by seven points. On 14 October 2006, Sundin became the first Swedish player to score 500 goals. He is the Maple Leafs' franchise all-time leader in goals (420) and points (987).  Over his career, Sundin averaged just over a point per game (1,349 points in 1,346 NHL games).

Internationally, Sundin won three gold medals with Sweden at the World Championships and was the team captain for Sweden's gold medal at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin.

Sundin was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame on 26 June 2012, in his first year of eligibility. He became the second Swede, following Börje Salming (another long-time Maple Leafs player), to be chosen to the Hall of Fame. Sundin was also inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2013. In 2017 Sundin was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history.

Playing career

Quebec Nordiques
Sundin was drafted by the  Quebec Nordiques with the first overall pick in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft, becoming the first European-born player drafted first overall in NHL history.  At the time, Sundin was playing in the Swedish second-tier Allsvenskan for Nacka HK. He played the following season in Sweden's Elitserien for Djurgårdens IF, helping the club to the Le Mat Trophy as league champions.

Sundin made his NHL debut with Quebec during the 1990–91 season, finishing second on the team behind Joe Sakic with 59 points. He scored his first career NHL goal against the Hartford Whalers in his first NHL game on 4 October 1990. After improving to 76 points in his second NHL season, he led the Nordiques with a career-high 114 points in 1992–93, emerging as one of the League's premier young players. During this season he recorded a 30-game point streak, tied for 4th longest in league history. He played one more season with the Nordiques, recording 85 points in 84 games, before being dealt to the Toronto Maple Leafs at the 1994 Draft.

Toronto Maple Leafs
The Maple Leafs acquired Sundin in a trade on 28 June 1994. The Nordiques sent Sundin, Garth Butcher, Todd Warriner and a 1994 first-round draft pick (acquired through the 1992 Eric Lindros deal, traded to the Washington Capitals, used to pick Nolan Baumgartner) to Toronto in exchange for Wendel Clark, Sylvain Lefebvre, Landon Wilson and a 1994 first-round draft pick (used to pick Jeff Kealty). However, as a result of the 1994–95 lockout, Sundin's Toronto debut was delayed and he returned to Sweden to play again for Djurgårdens IF. When NHL play resumed later that season, Sundin made an immediate impact, leading the Leafs in scoring at a point-per-game pace with 47 points.

In his third season with the Maple Leafs, Sundin recorded a 41-goal, 94-point season, the second-highest of his career and the most prolific during his tenure in Toronto.  With the departure of team captain Doug Gilmour to the New Jersey Devils during the 1996–97 season, Sundin was named Gilmour's successor, becoming the 16th Maple Leafs captain and first European captain in team history.

After an 83-point campaign in 1998–99, Sundin led the Maple Leafs into the 1999 Stanley Cup playoffs as the fourth seed in Eastern Conference. Bolstered by the acquisitions of forward Steve Thomas and goaltender Curtis Joseph in the previous off-season, the Leafs made it to the Conference Finals against the seventh-seeded Buffalo Sabres, but were defeated in five games. Sundin finished with a career-playoff-high 16 points in 17 playoff contests. In 2002, Sundin signed a six-year contract extension with Toronto for $52.5 million. Sundin made another appearance in the Eastern Conference Finals with the Maple Leafs again in 2001–02, but lost to the Carolina Hurricanes in six games.

In 2002–03, after eight consecutive years as the Maple Leafs' leading scorer in the regular season, Sundin was succeeded by Alexander Mogilny, who topped Sundin's 72 points with 79.  The following season, Mogilny suffered a serious hip injury that required him to miss 12 weeks, allowing Sundin to reclaim his spot as top scorer for the Maple Leafs that season.

During the 2003–04 campaign, however, Sundin was the subject of League controversy with his infamous stick-throwing incident on 8 January 2004, against the Nashville Predators. Breaking his stick on an attempted shot, Sundin threw it aside in disgust. Instead of hitting the glass, the stick inadvertently entered the crowd. Deemed a reckless act by the NHL, Sundin was subsequently assigned a one-game suspension.  After the game, as an apology, he gave a brand new autographed stick to the fan that had caught the broken stick.

As a result of the ensuing 2004–05 NHL lockout, Sundin spent the next season inactive, opting not to play in Sweden like many of his countrymen. When NHL play resumed for 2005–06, Sundin was sidelined in the first game of the season when he was struck in the face with a puck, narrowly missing his eye, but breaking his orbital bone. He returned to the lineup after a month to lead the team in scoring with 78 points. However, Toronto did not meet the same success and missed the playoffs for the first time in seven years in 2006. It would also mark the first of Sundin's last three years with the Leafs without a post-season appearance.

Near the beginning of the 2006–07 season, Sundin became just the 35th player in NHL history to reach the 500-goal mark. He achieved the milestone on 14 October 2006, with a hat-trick effort against Miikka Kiprusoff of the Calgary Flames. He scored the 500th goal with his third mark of the game, shorthanded, over Kiprusoff's blocker in overtime to defeat the Flames 5–4. Later in the season, on 20 March 2007, Sundin reached 900 points as a Maple Leaf with a two-assist effort in a 2–1 win against the New Jersey Devils.

The following season, in 2007–08, Sundin began approaching several team records as a Maple Leaf.  In the second game of the season, on 4 October 2007, against the Ottawa Senators, Sundin scored his 389th goal with the club, tying Darryl Sittler's team record. In Toronto's fifth game of the season, on 11 October, versus the New York Islanders, Sundin scored his 917th point as a Maple Leaf, breaking Sittler's franchise all-time record. In the same game, he also scored his 390th goal in the third period, taking sole possession of the all-time goal-scoring lead.  At the end of the game, he was ceremoniously elected the first, second and third star of the game. On 27 November, in a game against the Montreal Canadiens, Sundin became the first player to score 400 goals as a Leaf. Several days later, on 1 December, in a game against the Pittsburgh Penguins, he broke Babe Dye's 83-year-old Toronto record when he extended his home game point streak to 15 games.

With the Leafs falling out of playoff contention once more towards the end of the season and Sundin's contract set to expire, Sundin was the focus of numerous trade rumors as the NHL trade deadline approached. Maple Leafs management requested that Sundin waive his no-trade clause in order for the team to acquire potential young talent and/or draft picks to secure the team's future.  However, one day before the trade deadline he stated that he would not waive his no-trade clause, claiming that he did not believe in being a "rental player" and that if he won the Stanley Cup, he wanted to do it over the course of an entire season.  He remained with the club and, with 78 points, marked the fourth consecutive year and 12 of 13 years as the Maple Leafs' leading scorer.

Vancouver Canucks

Sundin became a free agent on 1 July 2008, although the Maple Leafs had previously given the Montreal Canadiens special rights to negotiate with him until then. On the day of free agency, newly appointed Vancouver Canucks General Manager Mike Gillis offered Sundin a lucrative two-year, $20 million contract which, if signed, would have made him the highest paid player in the NHL. Attempting to entice him to sign with the Canucks, numerous Vancouver businesses extended Swedish-centred special offers, such as a Volvo and IKEA products. The New York Rangers, Canadiens and Leafs also made contract offers; however, Sundin chose to hold out for the beginning of the season, contemplating retirement. After announcing that he would, in fact, return to the NHL and sign with a team, he narrowed his prospects down to the Rangers and Canucks.  On 18 December 2008 the Canucks announced that Sundin had signed with the club to a one-year, $8.6 million contract. Pro-rated for the remainder of the season, Sundin's salary worked out to $5 million. Taking a $1.4 million pay cut from the Canucks' original yearly offer, Sundin reportedly decreased his contract willingly in order to give the Canucks added salary cap space to potentially bolster their lineup before the end of the season.

Sundin made his Canucks debut on 7 January 2009, in a 4–2 victory over the Edmonton Oilers, and scored his first goal with the club two games later, on 10 January, a powerplay goal in a 4–2 loss to the San Jose Sharks.  Sundin returned to Toronto on 21 February 2009 to play his first game against the Maple Leafs. The return to the Air Canada Centre became highly emotional when a video tribute was paid to the Leafs' franchise leader during a break in the first period followed by a standing ovation. The game was decided by a shootout with Sundin scoring the winning goal against his former team resulting in a 3–2 win for Vancouver.  Having established himself as a point-per-game player throughout his career, Sundin was criticized for his regular-season play, managing just 28 points in 41 games while playing mostly on the second line with Pavol Demitra and Ryan Kesler, Sundin returned to point-per-game form in the 2009 playoffs, however, as the Canucks entered the post-season as the Northwest Division champions. He missed the final two games of the Canucks' first-round sweep against the St. Louis Blues with a suspected hip injury after falling awkwardly behind the net in Game 2, but returned in time for the second round against the Chicago Blackhawks. As the Canucks were eliminated in six games, Sundin finished the playoffs with eight points in eight games.

Retirement

On 30 September 2009, Sundin announced his retirement at a press conference in Stockholm.

Sundin was honoured on 29 October 2011, more than two years after his retirement, at a Toronto Maple Leafs home game against the Pittsburgh Penguins. His number 13 jersey was honoured by the organization in a ceremony prior to a home game against the Montreal Canadiens on 11 February 2012.

On 12 November 2012, Sundin was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame alongside Joe Sakic, Adam Oates and Pavel Bure. In November 2013, Sundin was named as an inductee into the IIHF Hall of Fame, alongside Peter Forsberg, Danielle Goyette, Paul Henderson, Teppo Numminen.

On 10 September 2015, it was announced that Mats Sundin would be added to "Legends Row", a statue outside the Air Canada Centre consisting of 12 of the best players in the franchise's history.

On 15 October 2016, Sundin's number 13 jersey was officially retired by the Toronto Maple Leafs in a ceremony prior to their centenary season home opening game against Boston. A few months later, Sundin was named one of the 100 greatest players in league history by the NHL itself.

International play
Sundin represented Sweden at various international competitions, including the World Cup and the Winter Olympics, and held the position of team captain for the national squad for the nearly ten years. Sundin was widely recognized as one of the top players in the world in these international competitions, and added a highly impressive list of accomplishments to his credentials as a result of his outstanding performance in the 2002 Winter Olympics and 2004 World Cup. Sundin won three IIHF World Championships with Sweden in 1991, 1992 and 1998. Sundin finally clinched an Olympic gold medal with Sweden in 2006 in Turin.

A picture of his "fighting face" when Sweden turned a 5–1 deficit into a 6–5 win over Finland during a World Championship game has become iconic. Sundin was the captain of the Swedish national team in the 2006 Winter Olympics, leading them to a gold medal with a 3–2 victory over Finland in the final.

Sundin played for Sweden in:

1989 European Junior Championships
1990 European Junior Championships
1990 World Junior Championships (silver medal)
1991 Canada Cup
1991 World Championships (gold medal)
1992 World Championships (gold medal)
1994 World Championships (bronze medal)
1996 World Cup of Hockey
1998 World Championships (gold medal)
1998 Winter Olympics
2001 World Championships
2002 Winter Olympics
2003 World Championships (silver medal)
2004 World Cup of Hockey
2006 Winter Olympics (gold medal)

Personal life
The City of Toronto is home to an intense hockey media, and since Sundin is a private individual, he was arguably the most scrutinized athlete in the city. He regularly deflected any probes into his personal life, and rarely spoke negatively of his teammates in public. In May 2006, Sundin put his four-bedroom house up for sale for a price of $6.499 million, which led to a flurry of media speculation that he was unhappy with the Leafs and sought to move (and play) somewhere else. However, Sundin and his longtime girlfriend Tina Fagerström had parted ways, and Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment CEO Richard Peddie simply commented that the real estate market was very hot, and that Sundin's house was "an awfully big house for a single guy." Sundin played with the Leafs the following NHL season. On 30 April 2008, Sundin was receiving a leadership award at Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic High School in Guelph, Ontario, when he announced that he and his girlfriend Josephine Johansson were engaged to be married. The two had been dating for about a year.

In September 2008, Sundin announced an endorsement deal with PokerStars. He plays under the username "MatsSundin" and will donate any earnings to charity.

On 29 August 2009, Sundin married fiancée Josephine Johansson. The guest list exceeded 200 people and included several current and former teammates. He and Josephine are the parents of daughter Bonnie, and two sons, Nathanael and Julian.

Sundin was also a Goodwill Ambassador for the Adopt-A-Minefield Campaign; an organization that raises awareness and funds to end the human and economic suffering caused by anti-personnel landmines.

Sundin was a partner in a Standardbred harness racing horse named Rotation, which in 2003 won the prestigious Maple Leaf Trot at Mohawk Racetrack.

Records

NHL
 Tied-23rd in career goals (564, shared with Joe Nieuwendyk)
 35th in career assists (785)
 28th all-time in career points (1,349)
 First European-born and trained player to be drafted first overall in the NHL Entry Draft (1989 by the Quebec Nordiques)
 Only Swedish player to reach the 500 goal milestone (564)
 Most career points and goals by a Swedish hockey player
 Tied fastest overtime goal (6 seconds, shared with Alexander Ovechkin, Simon Gagné, David Legwand and William Nylander)
 First Swedish player to reach 1,000 points
 One of three players (Marcel Dionne, Jaromír Jágr) to record at least 20 goals in each of his first 17 NHL seasons

Toronto Maple Leafs
 Goals (420)
 Assists by a forward (567)
 Points (987)
 Assists in a period (3, tied with Morgan Rielly, Darcy Tucker, Matt Stajan and Clarke MacArthur)

Awards and achievements

 TV-pucken Champion as part of Team Stockholm 1986.
 Swedish Champion in 1990.
 First European-born player to be drafted first overall in the NHL Entry Draft. (1989)
 Named to the Elitserien World All-Star Team in 1991, 1992, 1994, 1997, 1998 and 2002.
 Recipient of the Viking Award in 1993, 1994, 1997 and 2002.
 Named to the World Championships All-Star Team in 1992 and 2003.
 World Championships' Best Forward in 1992 and 2003.
 Named to the Canada Cup All-Star Team in 1991.
 Named to the World Cup of Hockey All-Star Team in 1996.
 Played in the NHL All-Star Game in 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 (injured) and 2004.
 Named to the NHL Second All-Star Team in 2002 and 2004.
 Named to the Olympic Tournament All-Star Team in 2002.
 Captain of the Swedish national ice hockey team in the 2006 Olympics in which Sweden won the gold medal.
 Achieved 500 goal plateau on 14 October 2006, with a short-handed, hat trick, overtime winner.
 Achieved 1,300 points on 7 February 2008 against the Montreal Canadiens.
 Awarded the "Mark Messier Leadership Award" in 2008.
 Enshrined in the Hockey Hall of Fame in the class of 2012, his first year of eligibility.
 Inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2013.
 Number (13) Retired by the Toronto Maple Leafs.
 Named one of the 100 Greatest Players in league history by the NHL.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

See also
 List of Swedes in sports
 List of NHL players with 500 goals
 List of NHL players with 1000 points
 List of NHL players with 1000 games played
 List of NHL players with 100 point seasons
 List of NHL statistical leaders
 List of players with five or more goals in an NHL game

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
Canadian racehorse owners and breeders
Djurgårdens IF Hockey players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
IIHF Hall of Fame inductees
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Nacka HK players
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League first-overall draft picks
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
Olympic gold medalists for Sweden
Olympic ice hockey players for Sweden
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Quebec Nordiques draft picks
Quebec Nordiques players
Ice hockey people from Stockholm
Swedish emigrants to Canada
Swedish expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
Swedish ice hockey centres
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Vancouver Canucks players

Mats Sundin


Drapelul secuiesc (în maghiară székely zászló) este steagul oficial al Consiliului Național Secuiesc. Acesta este alcătuit după versiunea din anul 1601 a lui Moise Székely, singurul principe al Transilvaniei de origine secuiască. Este format din trei benzi orizontale, cele marginale fiind de culoare albastră, iar cea din mijloc, mai îngustă, de culoare aurie. Steagul conține cele două simboluri secuiești, Soarele și Luna. Soarele, având înfățișarea de o stea aurie cu opt colțuri, reprezintă unitatea celor opt scaune secuiești, în timp ce Luna argintie simbolizează credința, speranța și încrederea secuilor.

Secuimea și drapelul

În ultimii ani, steagul secuiesc a devenit un simbol al secuimii alături de imnul secuiesc, popularitatea acestuia crescând în mod constant. Până acum câțiva ani, la diferite evenimente, secuii foloseau steagul Ungariei pentru a-și arăta apartenența națională, însă legile în vigoare din România și, implicit, răspunsul autorităților au făcut practic imposibilă folosirea legală în public a simbolului unui alt stat suveran.

Istoric
Înainte de secolul XVI nu exista un drapel oficial al secuilor, deoarece până în 1876 fiecare Scaun secuiesc folosea propriul drapel, urmat de simboluri maghiare.

Drapelul actual este din vremea domnitorului transilvan Székely Mózes când a condus războinicii secui în Bătălia de la Guruslău (Goroszló) la 3 august 1601, dar după lupta pierdută, Ardealul a intrat sub dominație habsburgică. Cele 130 de drapele din Transilvania au fost găsite într-un jurnal din 1891 și reproduse de Károly Cserna în anul 1893, alături de cel secuiesc.

Versiuni
O versiune populară în anumite părți ale Ținutului Secuiesc este și steagul cu două benzi orizontale de dimensiuni egale, de culoare neagră și roșie, incorporând Soarele și Luna.

Versiunea cu roșu și negru provine din aspectul costumelor populare și broderiei secuiești, dar originea lui este încă necunoscută. Culoarea roșie reprezintă puterea și sângele, iar negrul pământul, tristețea și durerea. Fiecare variantă are Soarele în opt colțuri care prezintă cele opt Scaune secuiești ca un simbol al unității și egalității. Luna este un simbol al credinței, speranței și secuilor. Dintre cele două variante, drapelul de culoare albastră a devenit caracteristic în domeniul public, fiind adoptat de Consiliul Național Secuiesc. Cu toate acestea, unii încă folosesc drapelul cu fond negru-roșu.

Decizia CNS
Drapelul istoric secuiesc a fost adoptat de Consiliul Național Secuiesc la 17 ianuarie 2004 sub versiunea cu fond albastru și elementele aurii și argintii, stilizate de Ádám Kónya.

Utilizare

În urma deciziei din anul 2004, drapelul a fost răspândit pe întreg teritoriul Ținutul Secuiesc. Primăria Ciumani, Harghita (Gyergyócsomafalva) a adoptat stema comunei în anul 2005 cu elemente din drapelul secuiesc. În iarna anului 2008, la primăria din Sfântu Gheorghe drapelul secuiesc a fost plasat între cel al României și Uniunii Europene.

La data de 18 septembrie 2013, Curtea de Apel Brașov a declarat în hotărârea sa finală că primăria din Ozun, Covasna avea dreptul să arboreze drapelul secuiesc, precum și cel al României și Uniunii Europeane.

Răspândirea drapelului a contribuit la părăsirea Guvernului României de către Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România la sfârșitul anului 2012, iar autoritățile române au început să oblige și chiar să hărțuiască directorii instituțiilor publice din perimetrul Ținutului Secuiesc să nu mai folosească acest drapel.

Este important faptul că utilizarea drapelului secuiesc nu este "un simbol al statului maghiar în România" ci o formă de reprezentare a comunității secuiești în țară și străinătate iar autonomia secuiească nu trebuie văzută ca un presupus revizionism teritorial, conform celor spuse de Consiliul Național Secuiesc.

Note

Bibliografie

   Sas, Péter, redactor:    Ódon Erdély -  Erdélyi hadizászlók 1601-ből    Vechea Transilvanie - Steaguri militare transilvane din 1601, Editura Neumann Kht., Budapesta, 2004
   Milyen az igazi székely zászló? Cum arată adevăratul steag secuiesc?, articol din origo.hu, 2 decembrie 2012
  Sándor, Mika:    Weiss Mihály. Egy szász államférfiú a XVII. századból-Második könyv    Michaele Weiss. Un om de stat sas din secolul al XVII-lea-Cartea a doua., Editura Societății Franklin, Budapesta, 1893.

Vezi și
 Ținutul Secuiesc
 Consiliul Național Secuiesc
 Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România

Steaguri
Secui

Drapelul secuiesc


පියානෝව යතුරු පුවරුවක් ලෙසට වාදනය වන සංගීත උපකරණයක් වන අතර ෆෙලට් මිටිවලින් වානේ තන්තුවලට පහර දීමෙන් ශබ්දය නිපදවනු ලැබේ. මිටි ක්ෂණිකව නැවත තම ස්ථානයට පත් වන අතර තන්තුවලට ඒවායේ අනුනාදී සංඛ්‍යාතයේ අඛණ්ඩව කම්පනය වීමට ඉඩ ලබා දේ. මෙම කම්පන පාලමක් හරහා ඒවා වර්ධනය කරන ශබ්ද පුවරුවක් මතට සම්ප්‍රේශණය කරනු ලැබේ.

පියානෝව බටහිර සංගීතයේ දී ඒකල රඟ දැක්වීම්, මැදිරි සංගීතය හා සහායනය සහ බහුලව භාවිතා වේ. එය ගීත රචනයට හා පෙරහුරු කිරීම සඳහා ආධාරකයක් ලෙස ඉතාමත් ජනප්‍රිය වේ. එතරම් ජංගම නොවන හා මිළෙන් අධික වූ පියානෝවේ විවිධත්වය හා සර්වත්‍රතාව එය වඩාත් ජනප්‍රිය සංගීත උපකරණය බවට පත් කර ඇත. එය සමහරක් විට සමාඝාත හා තත් උපකරණයක් යන දෙවර්ගයටම වර්ගීකරණය කෙරේ. සංගීත වර්ගීකරණයේ හෝන්බොස්ටල් සැච් ක්‍රමයට අනුව මෙය චෝර්ඩොෆෝන් (chordophone) කාණ්ඩයට අයත් වේ.

පියානෝ යන වදන පියානෝ ෆෝට් යන ව‍දනෙහි කෙටි කරන ලද ආකාරයකි. මෙම වදන ආකෘතික භාෂාවලදී හැර අතිශයින් දුර්ලභව භාවිතා වන අතර උපකරණය සඳහා වූ ඉතාලියානු නමින් ව්‍යුත්පන්න වී ඇත. මෙය යතුරු පුවරු ස්පර්ශයට උපකරණයේ ප්‍රතිචාරත්වය සඳහා පරිශීලනය වන අතර එමඟින් තන්තුවලට මිටි වදින වේගය පාලනය කිරීම තුළින් විවිධ ගතික මට්ටම්වලදී ස්වර නිපදවීමට පියානෝව වාදනය කරන්නාට ඉඩ ලබා දේ.

සංගීත උපකරණ - පියානෝව


الأستاذ الدكتور جلال زكي (ولد في دسوق بمحافظة كفر الشيخ في 9 مارس 1936)، هو أستاذ جراحة عظام مصري، ومؤسس قسم جراحة العظام بجامعة أسيوط ورئيسه منذ إنشائه وحتى سنة 1996، ورئيس سابق لجمعية جراحة العظام المصرية. حاصل على جائزة الدولة التقديرية في العلوم الطبية سنة 2008 ووسام التميز من الطبقة الأولى سنة 2002.

مولده ونشأته
ولد جلال الدين زكي محمد سعيد في دسوق بمحافظة كفر الشيخ يوم الإثنين 9 مارس 1936، لأسرة تتكون من والديه وستة أبناء. كان والده مهندسًا ميكانيكيًا تخرج في مدرسة المهندسخانة الملكية (التي أصبحت فيما بعد كلية الهندسة بجامعة القاهرة)، وكان مسؤولًا عن إدارة الأعمال الهندسية في البلديات، مما جعله يتنقل بأسرته في كثير من المدن، أما والدته فقد تفرغت لأسرتها بعد أن أتمت دراستها الثانوية، ويشير جلال زكي إلى أن والده هو الذي علمه مبادئ الميكانيكا وحببه فيها، مما أثر في اختياره لتخصص جراحة العظام فيما بعد.

التحق جلال زكي بالمدارس الحكومية في خمس مدن، هي القناطر الخيرية وسوهاج والمنصورة ودمنهور، وحصل على شهادة التوجيهية من مدرسة بنها الثانوية عام 1952 بمجموع 73%، وهو مجموع أهله للالتحاق بكلية طب جامعة القاهرة.

تدرجه العلمي
حصل جلال زكي على بكالوريوس الطب والجراحة من جامعة القاهرة سنة 1958، ثم شهادة المعادلة الأمريكية لطلاب الطب الأجانب ECFMG في سبتمبر 1959، وفي سنة 1961 حصل على دبلوم الجراحة العامة من جامعة القاهرة ثم دبلوم جراحة العظام في العام التالي من نفس الجامعة، وما لبث أن حصل على درجة الدكتوراه في جراحة العظام ـ من جامعة القاهرة أيضًا ـ سنة 1964.

التدريب الطبي
عمل جلال زكي عقب تخرجه بوظيفة طبيب امتياز بمستشفى قصر العيني الجامعي التابع لجامعة القاهرة عامي 1959 و1960، ثم عمل طبيبًا مقيمًا بمستشفى قصر العيني الجامعي بين 1960 و1962، ثم زميلًا بقسم جراحة العظام والإصابات بمستشفى قصر العيني عام 1963.

بين عامي 1966 و1967 كان جلال زكي زميلًا بمستشفى صوفي مندي Sophies Minde لجراحة العظام في العاصمة النرويجية أوسلو، كما عمل في المستشفيات العسكرية أثناء الحروب؛ إذ عمل طبيبًا بمستشفى الحلمية العسكري بالقاهرة أثناء خدمته العسكرية، وضابط احتياط طبيب لعلاج إصابات الحرب في عامي 1964 و1973.

المناصب الأكاديمية
بعد إنهائه فترة الامتياز في مارس 1962، عين جلال زكي معيدًا بقسم الجراحة الخاصة بمستشفى جامعة أسيوط في نفس العام، مع إلحاقه كزميل بمستشفيات جامعة القاهرة، ثم جند بالقوات المسلحة عامي 1963 و1964، وعقب عودته من القوات المسلحة عين مدرسًا بقسم الجراحة الخاصة بكلية طب جامعة أسيوط سنة 1965، وفي نفس العام صار أول مدير عام لمستشفيات جامعة أسيوط ـ في عهد الدكتور سليمان حزين أول رئيس للجامعة ـ ولم تكن سنه آنذاك تزيد على الثلاثين.

في سنة 1969 رقي جلال زكي إلى درجة أستاذ مساعد بقسم الجراحة الخاصة بجامعة أسيوط، ثم رقي إلى درجة أستاذ بالقسم سنة 1973، ثم رأس مجلس قسم الجراحة الخاصة بين عامي 1974 و1980، وشغل منصب نائب رئيس قسم الجراحة الخاصة لشؤون جراحة العظام والطب الطبيعي في 1 مارس 1988، ثم عاد إلى رئاسة قسم الجراحة الخاصة بين عامي 1988 و1991، ثم رئاسة قسم جراحة العظام سنة 1994 وحتى تعيينه أستاذًا متفرغًا بالقسم سنة 1996.

ويذكر أن الدكتور جلال زكي ظل رئيسًا لقسم جراحة العظام بجامعة أسيوط لمدة 31 عاماً امتدت من عام 1965 إلى عام 1996، بما في ذلك الفترة التي كان فيها قسم جراحة العظام جزءًا مما كان يسمى بقسم الجراحة الخاصة، وقد كان عليه أن يعمل منفردًا لمدة ثمان سنوات في إنشاء القسم وتجهيزه منذ تعيينه أول عضو هيئة تدريس بالقسم سنة 1965 وحتى عُين عضو هيئة التدريس التالي بالقسم.

عمل جلال زكي مستشارًا لوزير الصحة الدكتور إسماعيل سلام لشؤون محافظات الصعيد بين 1996 و2001، وممتحنًا خارجيًا لدرجة الدكتوراه بجامعة الخرطوم أعوام 2004 و2005 و2009، وعضوًا بلجنة الممتحنين بامتحانات دبلوم الجمعية الدولية لجراحة العظام والإصابات SICOT.

عين الدكتور جلال زكي أستاذًا غير متفرغ بقسم جراحة العظام بجامعة أسيوط عام 2006.، ومن هواياته علم المصريات وعلم الفلك.

عضوية اللجان المحلية
 عضو اللجنة العليا لترقية الأساتذة بالمجلس الأعلى للجامعات (من 1978 وحتى الآن)
 رئيس اللجنة العليا لترقية الأساتذة بالمجلس الأعلى للجامعات في دورتها السادسة (من 1995- 1998)
 رئيس اللجنة العليا لترقية الأساتذة بالمجلس الأعلى للجامعات في دورتها العاشرة (المقررة من 2008-2011)

عضوية الجمعيات المتخصصة في جراحة العظام
 عضو بالأكاديمية الأمريكية لجراحي العظام.
 عضو فخري بجمعيات جراحة العظام في كل من تركيا وكوبا والسودان.
 رئيس جمعية جراحة العظام المصرية  عام 1995، ثم رئيس فخري للجمعية بعد ذلك.
 نائب رئيس الجمعية الدولية لجراحة العظام والإصابات  ( بالفرنسية: Société Internationale de Chirurgie Orthopédique et de Traumatologie) والمسماة اختصاراً SICOT بين عامي 2002 و2005 وأعيد انتخابه من 2005 إلى 2008، وكان ممثل مصر بالجمعية من سنة 1998 إلى سنة 2012، وقد تولى -بصفته هذه - تنظيم ورئاسة مؤتمر الجمعية الذي عقد بالقاهرة في سبتمبر 2003.
 عضو مجلس أمناء جمعية دراسة التثبيت الداخلي للكسور AO بين عامي 1999 و2004.

الجوائز والتكريم
من أبرز الجوائز التي حصل عليها:
 ميدالية بوركيني (بالتشيكية: Medaile Jana Evangelisty Purkyně) من الأكاديمية التشيكية للعلوم (2 سبتمبر 2009)
 جائزة الدولة التقديرية في العلوم الطبية (2008)
 الميدالية الذهبية لجامعة أسيوط (2003)
 وسام التميز من الطبقة الأولى (2002)
 درع محافظة أسيوط (4 مرات)، ودرع جامعة أسيوط (6 مرات)، ودرع جامعة الأزهر (مرة واحدة)، ودرع نقابة أطباء مصر (5 مرات)، ودرع جمعية جراحة العظام المصرية (4 مرات).

أسرته
الدكتور جلال زكي متزوج من الدكتورة نادية شعيب، أستاذة الاقتصاد بكلية التجارة بجامعة أسيوط، ولهما ابن وابنة: الابنة ـ داليا ـ تعمل أستاذًا مساعدًا بمعهد بحوث أمراض العيون، والابن ـ حاتم ـ يعمل أستاذًا بقسم جراحة العظام بجامعة أسيوط ويتخصص في جراحة مناظير المفاصل.

انظر أيضًا
 طارق الجمال

وصلات خارجية
 أ. د. جلال زكي ـ سيرة ذاتية تفصيلية باللغة الإنجليزية على موقع جامعة أسيوط

المراجع

أساتذة جامعة أسيوط
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أطباء عسكريون مصريون
خريجو جامعة القاهرة
رؤساء جمعية جراحة العظام المصرية
مصريون حائزون على جائزة الدولة التقديرية
مواليد 1354 هـ
مواليد 1936

جلال زكي


Kiss es el undécimo álbum lanzado por L'Arc-en-Ciel el 21 de noviembre de 2007. El álbum alcanzó el puesto #1 en la lista de álbumes de Oricon.

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Referencias

Álbumes de L'Arc~en~Ciel
Álbumes de 2007

Kiss (álbum de L'Arc~en~Ciel)


George Kemp,  baron Rochdale ( - ) est un homme politique, soldat, homme d'affaires et joueur de cricket britannique.

Éducation et carrière commerciale
Kemp est né à Beechwood, Rochdale, Lancashire, et fait ses études dans les écoles Shrewsbury et Mill Hill. Inscrit au Balliol College d'Oxford en 1883, à l'âge de 16 ans, Kemp est transféré au Trinity College de Cambridge en 1884, où il obtient un BA en tripos classiques en 1888. En affaires, Kemp se lance dans l'industrie de la laine pour finalement devenir président de Kelsall & Kemp, fabricants de flanelle.

Cricket
De 1885 à 1892, Kemp joue au cricket de première classe pour le Lancashire et l'Université de Cambridge. Batteur, il marque trois siècles tous contre le Yorkshire - 109 dans le Roses Match, à Huddersfield, en 1885 alors qu'il est encore adolescent et 125 et 103 à 18 jours d'intervalle en 1886 à Fenner's et Sheffield respectivement. Pendant qu'il est à l'école de Shrewsbury, il joue dans un match de cricket du comté pour le Shropshire. Il est aussi, à l'université, un « Bleu » de tennis sur gazon.

Politique
En 1895, il est élu député de Heywood en tant qu'unioniste-libéral. Il est Secrétaire parlementaire privé de William Ellison-Macartney, secrétaire parlementaire de l'Amirauté, jusqu'en janvier 1900, date à laquelle il démissionne pour servir pendant la seconde guerre des Boers. En 1904, avec Winston Churchill, Kemp fait partie d'un groupe de libres-échangistes conservateurs et libéraux unionistes qui traversent le parquet pour rejoindre les libéraux en réponse aux politiques de réforme tarifaire de Joseph Chamberlain. En 1909, il est fait chevalier pour ses services de guerre et aux élections générales de janvier 1910, il est élu député de Manchester Nord-Ouest, cette fois en tant que libéral. Kemp se trouve de plus en plus en décalage avec les actions du gouvernement libéral. Il s'oppose à la politique financière du chancelier libéral de l'Échiquier Lloyd George. Il s'oppose également au plaidoyer de Lloyd George pour le désétablissement gallois. Son opposition de longue date à l'Irish Home Rule n'a pas diminué et il s'oppose au projet de loi sur l'Irish Home Rule du gouvernement libéral. Comme il se sent toujours en décalage avec le plaidoyer des unionistes en faveur de la réforme tarifaire, il décide de se retirer de la Chambre des communes. Il déclare qu'il « détestait la politique ». Un an plus tard, il est élevé à la pairie en tant que baron Rochdale, de Rochdale dans le comté palatin de Lancaster.

Carrière militaire
Kemp est capitaine du Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry depuis . Au début de , Kemp se porte volontaire pour le service actif en Afrique du Sud pendant la seconde guerre des Boers. Il est nommé capitaine de l'Imperial Yeomanry de la  compagnie (le détachement Yeomanry du Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry), pour faire partie du  Bataillon Imperial Yeomanry. Sa compagnie quitte Liverpool sur le SS Africa le  et arrive au Cap le mois suivant. Pour son service, il est mentionné dans les dépêches. Il repart pour l'Afrique du Sud en , comme lieutenant-colonel intérimaire commandant le  bataillon de l'Imperial Yeomanry, comprenant une section de mitrailleuses qu'il aide à lever. Le bataillon arrive peu de temps après la fin de la guerre par le traité de Vereeniging le  et ne participe à aucun combat. Kemp obtient l'autorisation de rentrer chez lui avant son régiment, et quitte Cape Town sur le SS Kildonan Castle à la fin de , arrivant à Southampton le mois suivant. Il renonce à sa commission avec l'Imperial Yeomanry et reçoit le grade honorifique de lieutenant-colonel dans l'armée le .

Appelé à nouveau à la guerre en 1914, Lord Rochdale est lieutenant-colonel du 1st/6th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers, qui fait partie de la 125th (1/1st Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade, et est temporairement Brigadier-general du 127th (1/1st Manchester) Brigade de la  division (East Lancashire) lors de la bataille de Gallipoli en 1915.

Famille
Kemp épouse, le , Beatrice Mary Egerton (1871–1966), troisième fille de Francis Egerton (3e comte d'Ellesmere). Lady Beatrice Kemp rejoint son mari en Afrique du Sud au début de 1900.

Ils ont trois enfants. Lord Rochdale est mort à Lingholm près de Keswick, Cumberland en 1945, âgé de 88 ans, et est remplacé par son fils aîné, John.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Joueur du Marylebone Cricket Club
Baron de la pairie du Royaume-Uni
Général de l'armée de terre britannique
Député du 30e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 29e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 27e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Député du 26e Parlement du Royaume-Uni
Joueur du Cambridge University Cricket Club
Joueur du Lancashire County Cricket Club
Joueur anglais de cricket
Personnel de l'armée de terre britannique pendant la Seconde Guerre des Boers
Étudiant de Trinity College (Cambridge)
Représentant de l'Angleterre à la Chambre des communes
Lord-lieutenant du Middlesex
Knight Bachelor
Compagnon de l'ordre du Bain
Décès en mars 1945
Naissance en juin 1866
Décès à 78 ans

George Kemp (1er baron Rochdale)


Macrocoma meruensis é uma espécie de indígena de escaravelho da folha na República Democrática do Congo, creia-se que tenha sido descrito por Weise em 1909.

Referências

meruensis
Coleópteros da África
Coleópteros descritos em 1909
Espécies descritas por Julius Weise

Macrocoma meruensis


Adenozin trifosfat, hücre içinde bulunan çok işlevli bir nükleotittir. İngilizce Adenosine Triphosphate'''den ATP olarak kısaltılır. En önemli işlevi hücre içi biyokimyasal reaksiyonlar için gereken kimyasal enerjiyi taşımaktır. Fotosentez ve hücre solunumu sırasında oluşur. ATP bunun yanı sıra RNA sentezinde gereken dört monomerden biridir. Ayrıca ATP, hücre içi sinyal iletiminde protein kinaz reaksiyonu için gereken fosfatın kaynağıdır. 3 tane fosfattan oluşur.

ATP çeşitli yollarla sentezlenebilir. Aerobik solunum yapan canlılarda ATP sentezi; oksijen varlığında ökaryot hücrelerde mitokondride, prokaryot hücrelerde ise mezozomda oksidatif fosforilasyon yoluyla gerçekleşir. Anaerobik solunum (oksijensiz solunum) yapan canlılarda ise ATP sentezi fermantasyon yoluyla olur.

ATP sentezinde yakıt olarak başta glukoz ve trigliseritler kullanılır. Trigliseritlerin bozunumunda gliserol ve yağ asitleri oluşur. Hücre sitozolunda glukoz ve gliserol, glikoliz yoluyla pirüvata dönüştürülürler. Sübstrat fosforilasyonu yoluyla bu aşamada bir miktar ATP pirüvat kinaz ve fosfogliserat kinaz enzimleri tarafından sentezlenir. Pirüvat sonra mitokondride oksitlenmeye devam eder.

Mitokondride pirüvat pirüvat dehidrojenaz aracılığıyla asetil KoA'ya dönüşür, o da Krebs döngüsü ile karbon dioksite kadar oksitlenir. Yağ asitleri de beta oksidasyonu ile asetil-KoA'ya dönüşürler ve Krebs döngüsü'yle metabolize olurlar. Krebs döngüsü'nün her bir deviniminde süksinil KoA sentetaz tarafından bir ATP dengi GTP, bir de indirgeme gücüne sahip olan NADH sentezlenir. NADH'deki elektronlar elektron taşıma zinciri ile taşınırken ATP sentaz tarafından oksidatif fosforilasyon yoluyla çok miktarda ATP sentezlenir.

Glukozun karbon dioksite oksidasyonuna hücre solunumu denir. Glukozdaki kimyasal enerjinin %40'ı, hücre için daha kullanışlı olan ATP'ye dönüşür.

ATP ayrıca nükleozit difosfat kinaz enzimi aracılığıyla başka nükleozit trifosfatları kullanarak da sentezlenir:

ADP + GTP → ATP + GDP

Kas hücrelerinde ATP, guanido-fosfotransferaz tarafından katalizlenen benzer bir reaksiyonda da kreatin fosfat'ın fosfat grubu ADP'ye aktarılarak ATP ve kreatin oluşur.

Bitki hücrelerinde ATP, kloroplastlarda gerçekleşen fotosentez yoluyla sentezlenir. Bu ATP'nin bir kısmı sonra trioz şekerlerinin oluşumu için Calvin döngüsünde kullanılır.

 İşlevi
ATP'nin enerjisi onun ADP'ye dönüşmesine yol açan fosfat bağının hidrolizi ile açığa çıkar. Hücre içinde çeşitli enzim, motor protein ve taşıma proteini bu enerjiyi kullanırlar. ATP'nin bozunumu ADP ve inorganik fosfat (Pi) oluşturur, ADP sonra AMP ve Pi olarak ayrıca bozunur. ATP'nin bir diğer bozunum yolu AMP + PPi şeklindedir.

ATP'nin hücrede enerji kaynağı olarak kullanıldığı yerler kısaca şöyle sıralanabilir:
 Biyosentetik reaksiyonlarda: protein, yağ, karbonhidrat ve nükleik asidin sentezi
 Fiziksel hareketlerde'': kas kasılması, stoplazmik hareketler, hücre bölünmesi
 Aktif taşımayı sağlayan biyokimyasal reaksiyonlarda
 Sinirsel iletimi sağlayan reaksiyonlarda
 Salgılama olaylarında

Çalışma mekanizması

ATP, bir tüp içinde hidroliz edildiğinde açığa çıkan enerji bu tüpün içindeki suyu ısıtır. Ancak bu enerji kaynağını bu şekilde kullanmak etkisiz ve tehlikeli olur. Hücreler, özgül enzimler yardımıyla ATP hidroliz enerjisini doğrudan endergonik olaylarla eşleştirme yeteneğine sahiptir. Özgül enzimler bir fosfat grubunu ATP'den başka bir moleküle aktararak, enerji eşleşmesini sağlar. Ekzergonik ve endergonik tepkimelerin eşleştirilmesindeki anahtar nokta, başlangıçtaki molekülden daha reaktif olan fosforile olmuş ara bileşiğin oluşumudur.

Bu olayı bir örnekle ele alalım. Bu örnekte ATP hidrolizi, bir amino asit olan glutamik asidin (Glu) başka bir amino asit olan glutamine (Glu-NH2) dönüşümünü üstlenmektedir

ATP'nin yardımı yokken dönüşüm kendiliğinden gerçekleşmez. ATP'nin yardımı varken ise glutamin sentezi ATP tarafından sürdürülen iki basamaklı bir tepkime halinde gerçekleşir. Fosforile olmuş bir ara ürün oluşması, iki basamağı birleştirir.

 ATP, glutamik asidi fosforile ederek (bir fosfatını glutamik aside aktararak), onu daha kararsız hale getirir.
 Daha reaktif olan bu ara üründeki fosfatın ise amonyak ile yer değiştirmesiyle glutamin oluşur.

Tepkimeleri şöyle bir şemayla gösterebiliriz:

 Glu + ATP → Glu-P + ADP
 Glu-P + NH3 → Glu-NH2 + Pi (glutamin)

Dış bağlantılar
 Atp Nedir?

Ayrıca bakınız
 Nükleotit
 Fotosentez
 RNA
 Kloroplast
 Adenozin difosfat
 Guanozin trifosfat
 Nükleozit

Hücresel solunum
Nükleotitler

Adenozin trifosfat


Lorenz Weinzierl (* 6. August 1764 in Großmehring; † 23. Juni 1831 ebenda) war ein bayerischer Bierbrauer, Landwirt und Abgeordneter.

Werdegang
1819 zog Weinzierl als Abgeordneter der Klasse V (Grundbesitzer ohne Gerichtsbarkeit) in die bayerische Kammer der Abgeordneten ein. Am 16. März 1819 wurde er zunächst vorübergehend, später für die gesamte Session beurlaubt. In der ersten öffentlichen Sitzung der zweiten Session am 29. Januar 1822 wurde sein Gesuch um Entlassung aus dem Landtag beraten, wobei er darlegte, dass seit dem Zeitpunkt seiner Beurlaubung in der ersten Session sein einziger Sohn (aus erster Ehe) verstorben sei und er wegen der Kränklichkeit seiner Ehefrau drei unmündige Töchter zu versorgen habe, deren älteste 17 Jahre alt sei. Diese häuslichen Umstände sowie der Umfang der Ökonomie wurden aber nicht als Entschuldigungsgrund anerkannt. Weinzierl wurde schließlich mit Stimmenmehrheit wegen eigener Kränklichkeit und namentlich wegen Harthörigkeit entlassen.

Literatur
 Protocoll über die allgemeine I. öffentliche Sitzung der Kammer der Abgeordneten, am 29. Januar 1822. In: Verhandlungen der zweyten Kammer der Ständeversammlung des Königreichs Baiern im Jahre 1822. Erster Band. München: Fleischmann 1822, S. 33–86; hier S. 74–77 (Debatte und Abstimmung über die Entlassung des Abgeordneten Weinzierl);
 Johann Martin Rauch: Trauerworte. Gesprochen bei der feierlichen Beerdigung des wohlgeborenen und achtbaren Herrn Lorenz Weinzierl, weiland Abgeordneter zur bayerischen Ständeversammlung, berühmten Oekonoms und Gastgeber zu Großmehring.  Regensburg: Georg Joseph Manz 1831; wiederabgedruckt (mit Anmerkungen) in J. M. Rauch: Sechs kurze Trauer-Reden. Bei Beerdigungen gesprochen. Ingolstadt: Alois Attenkofer 1834

Weblinks

Landwirt (Deutschland)
Mitglied der Bayerischen Abgeordnetenkammer
Deutscher
Geboren 1764
Gestorben 1831
Mann

Lorenz Weinzierl senior


Gaceta de Galicia fue un periódico español que se editó en Santiago de Compostela (España) durante la Restauración entre 1879 y 1918.

Historia
El diario nació el 1 de enero de 1879, como continuación de El Diario de Santiago, con Manuel Bibiano Fernández como propietario y primer director. Fue un diario de orientación política liberal vinculado a Eugenio Montero Ríos. En 1887 la dirección pasó a Joaquín Arias Sanjurjo y al año siguiente a Manuel Álvarez Uzal. Desde el 30 de diciembre de 1892 ejerció como director Antonio Fernández Tafall. Aunque el diario cerró en octubre de 1915, reapareció al febrero siguiente, fusionado con Voz del Pueblo. El último director fue Francisco Vázquez Enríquez y en su última época colaboró con sus artículos Valentín Paz-Andrade. Desapareció definitivamente el 30 de noviembre de 1918. Sería sustituido por el El Noticiero Gallego.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
Prensa y política en Galicia: la prensa periódica compostelana (1875-1936), artículo de Jesús María Palomares Ibáñez.

Periódicos desaparecidos de Galicia
Cultura de  Santiago de Compostela
Restauración borbónica en España
Publicaciones fundadas en 1879
Historia de la provincia de La Coruña
Periódicos en español
Publicaciones desaparecidas en 1918

Gaceta de Galicia


L'établissement métis de Fishing Lake est une communauté située dans la province d'Alberta, dans le centre-est.

Démographie
La population de l'établissement métis de Fishing Lake selon son recensement municipal de 2018 est de 436 habitants, soit une diminution par rapport à son recensement municipal de 2015, qui comptait 491 habitants.

En tant que lieu désigné lors du recensement de la population de 2016 effectué par Statistique Canada, l'établissement métis de Fishing Lake a enregistré une population de 446 personnes vivant dans 160 de ses 190 logements privés totaux, soit une variation de 2,3 % par rapport à sa population de 436 personnes en 2011. Avec une superficie de 355,51 km2, il avait une densité de population de 1,3/km2 en 2016.

En tant que lieu désigné lors du recensement de 2011, Fishing Lake comptait 436 habitants vivant dans 153 de ses 170 logements totaux, soit une variation de -9,9 % par rapport à sa population de 484 habitants en 2006. Avec une superficie de 355,74 km2, sa densité de population était de 1,2256/km2 en 2011.

Économie
Fishing Lake est membre de l"Alberta Hub", qui est une alliance économique au nord est de l'Alberta.

Cette alliance permet de développer des opportunités bénéfiques en mettant l'accent sur une économie diversifiée et renforcée.

Géographie
Fishing Lake est à l'est de l'Alberta, au Canada.

Coordonnées géographiques : 53°58'10.1"N 110°10'35.8"W

Notes et références

 (en) Économie de l'établissement métis de Fishing Lake
 (fr) Fishing Lake sur Google Maps

Localité désignée en Alberta

Établissement métis de Fishing Lake


Ploské este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Revúca din regiunea Banská Bystrica, pe malul râului . Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 68 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Ploské este atestată documentar din 1413.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Ploské, Revúca


Giuseppe Marastoni, cunoscut și ca Josef Marastoni, () a fost un pictor, gravor și litograf italiano-austriac.

Biografie
S-a născut la 1 aprilie 1834 în Veneția, ca fiu al pictorului și gravorului Giacomo (Jacopo) Marastoni, care s-a mutat la Pesta pe la mijlocul anilor 1830 și a deschis acolo o școală de pictură în 1846.<ref name="Bénézit"> « Giuseppe Marastoni » , Extrait de la notice dans le dictionnaire Bénézit, pe Oxford Index, 2006, </small></ref> Giuseppe a învățat să picteze de la tatăl său și a studiat în anii 1850-1853 la Academia de arte frumoase de la Veneția. În 1853 s-a întors la Pesta și după moartea tatălui său (11 iulie 1860) a lucrat ca pictor portretist și litograf în atelierul tatălui său din Székesfehérvár. S-a stabilit în 1868 la Viena, unde a fost membru al cercului artiștilor și a câștigat mai bine ca portretist.  A trăit la Viena până la moarte, dar nu a întrerupt legătura cu viața artistică din Ungaria.

Opera artistică
A expus numeroase lucrări în capitala Ungariei. A realizat multe portrete ale personalităților maghiare din secolul al XIX-lea. Stilul litografiilor lui seamănă cu cel al lui Josef Kriehuber. El a fost, în esență, un pictor portretist.

Galerie

Note

Bibliografie

Nașteri în 1834
Decese în 1895
Pictori italieni
Pictori austrieci

Giuseppe Marastoni


Sonia Fernández-Vidal (Barcelona, 8 de marzo de 1978) es una escritora, investigadora, emprendedora y divulgadora científica española.

Biografía

Educación
Sonia Fernández-Vidal es doctora en Óptica e Información Cuántica por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona y Académica Numeraria de la Real Academia Europea de Doctores.

Trabajo científico
Contribuyó en el año 2003 en el proyecto del Gran Colisionador de Hadrones LHC del acelerador de partículas CERN. En 2005 colaboró con la división teórica en el Los Álamos National Laboratory (LANL), en un proyecto sobre la decoherencia e información cuántica. También contribuyó en 2006 en un proyecto europeo sobre computación cuántica escalable con luz y átomos en el Instituto de Ciencias Fotónicas ICFO.

Docencia
A partir de 2009 trabajó como docente e investigadora en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, impartiendo, además, charlas de divulgación científica para personas no especializadas. Fue profesora del departamento de física de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona.

Escritos
Es autora del libro La Puerta de los Tres Cerrojos (2011), una novela de divulgación científica destinada tanto a niños como mayores, que contra todo pronóstico se mantuvo en la lista de los más vendidos en España durante meses, agotando ediciones mes a mes y vendiendo los derechos del libro a 12 idiomas. Varias personalidades internacionales han aclamado su novela desde su lanzamiento, tales como el Premio Nobel de la Paz Muhammad Yunus, el autor best seller estadounidense Ken Blanchard, el científico y futurista del MIT Raymond Kurzweil y el autor best seller español Álex Rovira.

Su segundo libro, Quantic Love (2012), también colocó a Sonia Fernández-Vidal en las listas de los autores más vendidos en España, con una segunda edición tras un mes de su lanzamiento y con 40.000 libros en librerías en menos de dos meses.

Su tercer libro, Desayuno con Partículas (2013), aborda la mecánica cuántica de una manera amena y accesible para todos los públicos. El libro está escrito en colaboración con el periodista Francesc Miralles.

En 2015, Sonia, en colaboración con la ilustradora Pilarín Bayés. Juntas publicaron El Universo en Tu Mano (2015), dedicado a niños entre los 5 y los 11 años de edad).

Reconocimientos
Sonia Fernández-Vidal, es cofundadora y Directora de Innovación de la consultora tecnológica Gauss & Neumann. En 2012, la firma Cortefiel eligió a Sonia como imagen de su campaña Gente con Talento. En 2017, Sonia fue elegida como una de las personas más creativas del mundo por la revista Forbes y en 2018 como una de los 100 Líderes Económicos del Mañana por el Instituto Choiseul.

Libros
 La puerta de los tres cerrojos (Editorial La Galera, 2011, ISBN 9788424635770). Que se subdivide en 3 libros
 Quantic Love (Editorial La Galera, 2012, ISBN 9788424641702).
 Desayuno con Partículas (Editorial Plaza y Janés, 2013, ISBN 9788401348136).
 El Universo en Tus Manos (Editorial La Galera, 2015, ISBN 978-8424653422).
 La Senda de las Cuatro Fuerzas (Editorial Destino, 2018, ISBN 8408182552).
 Los cinco reinos eternos (Editorial Planeta, 2019, ISBN 978-84-08-21717-6).

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 La puerta de los tres cerrojos
 Quantic Love
 Página web oficial

Escritores de Barcelona
Escritores de divulgación científica
Divulgadores científicos de España
Físicas de España
Físicos de Cataluña
Alumnado de Física de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
Nacidos en Barcelona

Sonia Fernández-Vidal


Chamaemespilus es un género de plantas con dos especies pertenecientes a la familia de las rosáceas.

Está considerado como un probable sinónimo del género Sorbus L.
 Taxonomía Chamaemespilus fue descrita por Friedrich Kasimir Medikus y publicado en Philosophische Botanik 1: 138, 155, en el año 1789.

 Especies Chamaemespilus alpina (Mill.) K.R. Robertson & J.B. PhippsChamaemespilus humilis'' M. Roem.

Referencias

Malinae

Chamaemespilus


Vila Flor  belediyesi, Portekiz'in Norte bölgesine bağlı Douro altbölgesinin belediyelerinden biridir.

Bucaklar
Belediyede 19 bucak (Por.: freguesia) yer almaktadır.

 Assares
 Benlhevai
 Candoso
 Carvalho de Egas
 Freixiel
 Lodões
 Mourão
 Nabo
 Róios
 Samões
 Sampaio
 Santa Comba de Vilariça
 Seixo de Manhoses
 Trindade
 Vale de Torno
 Vale Frechoso
 Vila Flor
 Vilarinho das Azenhas
 Vilas Boas

Portekiz'in belediyeleri
Douro

Vila Flor


Winnetten ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Mönchsroth im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geographie
Beim Dorf entspringt der Grundgraben, der ein rechter Zufluss der Wörnitz ist. Der Ort ist von Acker- und Grünland mit kleineren Waldgebieten umgeben. Etwas weiter südwestlich befindet sich das Dorf Hasselbach. Gemeindeverbindungsstraßen führen nach Hasselbach (0,4 km südwestlich), nach Sankt Ulrich (0,6 km nordwestlich), nach Diederstetten (1,3 km östlich) und nach Regelsweiler zur Landesstraße 2385 (1,8 km südlich).

Geschichte
Das Hochgericht sowie die Dorf- und Gemeindeherrschaft und Grundherrschaft über alle Anwesen hatte das oettingen-spielbergische Oberamt Mönchsroth. Gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts bestand Winnetten aus 11 Anwesen (4 Lehengüter, 7 Lehengütlein).

Infolge des Gemeindeedikts wurde Winnetten dem 1809 gebildeten Steuerdistrikt Villersbronn und der im selben Jahr gebildeten Ruralgemeinde Villerbronn zugeordnet. Mit dem Zweiten Gemeindeedikt (1818) erfolgte die Umgemeindung in die neu gebildete Ruralgemeinde Diederstetten. Am 1. Januar 1971 wurde diese im Zuge der Gebietsreform in Bayern nach Mönchsroth eingegliedert.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Oswald und Ägidius (Mönchsroth) gepfarrt. Die Katholiken sind nach St. Margareta (Wilburgstetten) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Mönchsroth
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Dorf

Winnetten


Rolf Wirtén (4 de maio de 1931) é um político sueco que ocupou vários cargos ministeriais, incluindo o de ministro da economia e do orçamento nas décadas de 1970 e 1980.

Biografia
Wirtén nasceu no dia 4 de maio de 1931. Ele era membro dos liberais. Em 1978 foi nomeado ministro da igualdade de género e ministro da imigração. Além disso, foi ministro do trabalho entre 1978 e 1980 no governo liderado pelo primeiro-ministro Thorbjörn Fälldin. Em 1980 Wirtén foi nomeado ministro do orçamento e no ano seguinte foi novamente nomeado ministro da economia no governo liderado por Thorbjörn Fälldin. Durante o seu mandato, a Suécia sofreu uma desvalorização em 1981. Ele relatou que, enquanto servia como ministro, a política económica sueca havia sido desenvolvida com base em princípios keynesianos.

Em 1997, Wirtén foi o chefe de uma comissão que investigou alegações sobre diamantes de judeus roubados pelos nazis e contrabandeados para a Suécia.

Pessoas vivas
Ministros da Suécia
Nascidos em 1931
Políticos da Suécia

Rolf Wirtén


Die Bankoff-Kreise sind in der Geometrie zwei Kreise, die in einem Arbelos konstruiert werden können, und die denselben Radius haben wie die beiden Zwillingskreise des Archimedes. Sie gehören damit zu den so genannten Archimedischen Kreisen. Die Bankoff-Kreise sind benannt nach dem amerikanischen Zahnarzt und Mathematiker Leon Bankoff, der sie in den Jahren 1954 und 1974 entdeckte.

Da die Bankoff-Kreise – nach den "Archimedischen Zwillingen" – historisch der dritte und der vierte der (wie man heute weiß) unendlich vielen Archimedischen Kreise waren, werden sie im Englischen auch Bankoff triplet circle (auf Deutsch etwa: "Bankoffs Drillings-Kreis") und Bankoff quadruplet circle ("Bankoffs Vierlings-Kreis") genannt. Die deutschen Bezeichnungen sind allerdings ungebräuchlich, hier werden daher die englischen benutzt.

Konstruktion

Ein Arbelos wird gebildet durch die drei Halbkreise über ,  und  (in den Zeichnungen schwarz). Die Zwillingskreise des Archimedes sind in den Abbildungen jeweils hellgrau eingezeichnet.

Bankoff triplet circle
(obere Abbildung)

Man zeichne den Inkreis des Arbelos (orange), also den Kreis, der gemäß dem Problem des Apollonius die drei Halbkreise des Arbelos tangiert. Der Kreis (blau), der durch  und die beiden Berührungspunkte des Inkreises mit den kleineren Arbelos-Halbkreisen geht, ist der Bankoff triplet circle.

Zahlreiche weitere, teilweise verblüffende Eigenschaften dieses Bankoff-Kreises wurden in den 2000er Jahren von dem Niederländer Floor van Lamoen und anderen entdeckt und von diesem in seinem "Online catalogue of Archimedean circles" dokumentiert.

Bankoff quadruplet circle
(untere Abbildung)

Man zeichne die gemeinsame Tangente (orange) der beiden kleineren Arbelos-Halbkreise, die nicht durch  geht. Der größte Kreis (blau) in dem Gebiet zwischen dieser Tangente und dem großen Arbelos-Bogen ist der Bankoff quadruplet circle. Er berührt den großen Arbelos-Halbkreis im Punkt , in dem die in  auf der Arbelos-Grundlinie  errichtete Senkrechte den großen Arbelos-Bogen schneidet.

Radius der Bankoff-Kreise

Bezeichnet man die Radien der beiden kleineren Arbelos-Halbkreise mit  bzw. , so gilt für den Radius  eines jeden der beiden Bankoff-Kreise:

Die Bankoff-Kreise haben damit denselben Radius wie die Zwillingskreise des Archimedes (hellgrau in den Zeichnungen).

Siehe auch

 Arbelos
 Zwillingskreise des Archimedes

Weblinks

 Floor van Lamoen: Online catalogue of Archimedean circles. (englisch)

 Jay Warendorff: Bankoff Circle. In: Wolfram Demonstrations Project (englisch)
 Clayton W. Dodge, Thomas Schoch, Peter Y. Woo, Paul Yiu: Those Ubiquitous Archimedean Circles (PDF; 916 kB; englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Kreis
Kreisgeometrie

Bankoff-Kreise


خوسيه ماريا كاييخون  (مواليد 11 فبراير 1987 في موتريل - إسبانيا) لاعب كرة قدم من أبناء نادي ريال مدريد تدرج في الفئات السنية للريال من عام 2002 ولغاية 2008 حيث تألق في موسم 2007-2008 مع فريق الكاستيا (ريال مدريد بي) في الدوري وسجل 21 هدف في 37 مباراة حيث كان مركزه الأساسي مهاجم، قبل أن ينتقل ويلعب لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى اسبانيول الإسباني منذ 2008 إلى 2011 وكانت بداياته صعبة مع إسبانيول حتى قام المدرب الأرجنتيني ماوريسيو بوشتينو بتغيير مركزه من رأس حربة إلى جناح مهاجم فقدم في هذا المركز مستويات ممتازة.
وأثار إعجاب مورينهو فطلب إحضاره للفريق فانتقل إلى ريال مدريد في صيف 2011 مقابل خمسة ونصف مليون يورو، وقدم مع الفريق رغم قلة مشاركاته أساسياً مستويات جيدة جعلت من الجماهير والصحافة المدريدية تطالب بإعطاءه فرصة أكبر مع الفريق الأول.

يتمع كاييخون بالسرعة العالية والتمرير الدقيق والرجوع للخلف للدفاع ومساندة خط الوسط المحوري. نال ثقة مورينيو في الفريق الملكي ويعول علية كثيرا في العديد من اللعب الصعبة

مسريته مع الأندية

ريال مدريد

بدأ خوسيه ماريا كاليخون مشواره مع نادي ريال مدريد ب في مايو 2007 ، ولعب أربع مباريات فقط في موسم 2006-2007 ولم يسجل أي هدف.

ولكن في موسم 2007-2008 بدأت تظهر الموهبة الحقيقة لكاليخون حيث لعب 37 مباراة وسجل 21 هدف، وكان كاليخون هداف ريال مدريد ب في ذلك الموسم.

إسبانيول

في نهاية الموسم ترك كاليخون ريال مدريد ب وانتقل إلى نادي إسبانيول الإسباني في الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الأولى، وقع كاليخون عقدا ًمدته أربع سنوات مع إسبانيول في 20 سبتمبر 2008 ، أول مباراة له مع إسبانيول كانت ضد خيتافي حيث دخل في وقت متأخر في المبارة التي انتهت 1-1 .

كاليخون وكما لم يكن متوقعاً أصبح لاعب أساسي في الفريق بشكل سريع في أول مواسمه 2008-2009، احرز أول اهدافه مع إسبانيول في الدوري الإسباني 2008-2009 على ريال مايوركا في امبارة التي انتهت 3-3، وفي ذلك الموسم سجل أربع اهداف في 30 مباراة لعبها ذلك الموسم.

حصل كاليخون على ثقة المدرب موريسيو بوتشيتينو حيث أصبح كاليخون ركيزة أساسية للفريق في المواسم القادمة في مركز الجناح الأيسر.

العودة إلى ريال مدريد

بعد المستويات الكبيرة التي قدمها خوسيه ماريا كاليخون مع ناديه إسبانيول، طلب المدير الفني لنادي ريال مدريد جوزيه مورينهو إعادة كاليخون إلى ناديه السابق، فوقع كاليخون مع نادي ريال مدريد لمدة خمس سنوات بقيمة 5.5 مليون يورو موسم 2011-2012 .

وفي أول مباراة له مع ريال مدريد ضد لوس أنجلوس جالاكسي في مباراة ودية في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية سجل كاليخون هدفه الأول مع ريال مدريد في الدقيقة 30 في المبارة التي انتهت نتيجة 4-1 لنادي ريال مدريد، وكان ظهور الأول في مباراة رسمية ضد برشلونة في كأس السوبر الأسباني.

في 2 أكتوبر 2011 ، وسجل كاليخون أول هدف رسمي له مع ريال مدريد، ولكن المفاجآة الكبيرة هي أن أول هدف رسمي له كان ضد ناديه السابق إسبانيول وعلى ملعبه ستاد كورليلا، فبعد نزوله في منتصف الشوط الثاني في المبارة التي انتهت برباعية نظيفة لريال مدريد استطاع كاليخون تسجيل الهدف الرابع لريال مدريد بعد تمريرة جميلة من البرتغالي كريستيانو رونالدو، ومن سعادة كاليخون بتسجيل هدفه الأول مع ريال مدريد قام بالاحتفال بهدفه كما هي عادة الاعبين ولكنه تذكر سريعاً انه سجل في مرمى فريقه السابق فقام بالاعتذار بحركة جميلة لجمهور فريقه السابق.

أصبح كاليخون هو اللاعب البديل الأول في ريال مدريد ليكون بديل كريستيانو رونالدو وأنخل دي ماريا ودخوله في الفترات الأخيرة في المباريات، فبعد إصابة أنخل دي ماريا الطويلة في ذلك الموسم أصبحت مشاركة كاليخون أكثر وأكثر فمرة يدخل كلاعب أساسي أو يكون بديل ريكاردو كاكا.

كان مستوى كاليخون التهديفي في أول مواسمه مع ريال مدريد عالي جداً حيث سجل 13 هدفي في 37 مباراة معظمها لعبها كبديل، سجل خمسة أهداف في الدوري الأسباني وخمسة أهداف في دوري أبطال أوربا في خمس مباريات، وثلاثة أهداف في كأس ملك إسبانيا.

ولكن هدفه في مرمى ريال مايوركا يعد الهدف الأكثر أهمية له مع ريال مدريد وفي مسيرته حيث أنقذ ريال مدريد في واحدة من أصعب وأهم مباريات الدوري الأسباني في ذلك الموسم بهدفه في الدقيقة 84 ليقود ريال مدريد للفوز بنتيجة 2-1 والابتعاد في صدارة الدوري بعيداً.

الانتقال إلى نابولي الإيطالي

انتقل اللاعب الإسباني إلى نادي نابولي الإيطالي في صيف 2013 بعد أن طلبه المدرب بينيتيز وقام بآداء جيد.

احصائياته مع الأندية

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من موتريل
توأم رياضي
توائم إسبان
رياضيون إسبان مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية ب
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو إسبانيول
لاعبو ريال مدريد
لاعبو ريال مدريد ج
لاعبو ريال مدريد كاستيا
لاعبو فيورنتينا
لاعبو كرة قدم أندلسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم من مقاطعة غرناطة
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نابولي
لاعبو نادي غرناطة
مواليد 1987

خوسيه كاييخون