سَحْب الدُشْبُذ أو مطّ الدشبذ أو تكوين العظم السحبي عملية جراحية تجرى لتقويم التشوهات الهيكلية وزيادة طول العظام الطويلة. يتم كسر العظم عن طريق قطع قشرة العظم، ثم تجرى المباعدة التدريجية بين القطعتين العظميتين خلال طور السحب، فيتشكل نسيج عظمي جديد في الثغرة بين القطعتين. وعند التوصل إلى الإطالة المطلوبة أو الممكنة يتبعه طور الاندمال يتم خلاله تصلّد العظم الجديد. ومن منافع هذه الطريقة أنها تمدد في الوقت نفسه العظم والنسج الرخوة المحيطة.

مع أن سجب الدشبذ كان يطبق في جراحة العظام بالدرجة الأولى، إلا أن نتائج التجارب على الجرذان والبشر تشير إلى إمكانية تطبيقه في إصلاح تشوهات الوجه والفكين.

التاريخ
في عام 1905 اقترح أليساندرو كوديفيلا طرائق جراحية من أجل زيادة طول الطرفين السفليين؛ وكانت هذه العمليات مترافقة بمعدلات عالية للمضاعفات، خاصة في طور الاندمال، مما كان يؤدي إلى الفشل في تحقيق هدف الجراحة.

حدثت القفزة النوعية في هذه الجراحة مع تطوير الطبيب السوفييتي غافرييل إليزاروف في 1951 لطريقة جراحية جديدة تعتمد على بيولوجيا العظام وقدرة النسج الرخوة على التجديد أثناء الشد. تتلخص طريقته باستخدام مثبت خارجي (جهاز إليزاروف) بشكل حلقة مطبقية. ورغم أن أنماط المضاعفات هي نفسها (العدوى والألم وتهيج الأعصاب والنسج الرخوة)، إلا أن المضاعفات عند تطبيق طريقة إليزاروف نادرة وأقل وخامة، وهي مأمونة وتسمح بتحقيق هدف الجراحة.

انظر أيضا

 غافرييل إليزاروف
 جهاز إليزاروف

مراجع

جراحة العظام
جراحة الفم والوجه والفكين
إجراءات جراحية عظمية

سحب الدشبذ


Ana Maria Macara de Oliveira, mais conhecida como Ana Macara, é uma coreógrafa portuguesa e professora universitária na área da dança. Em 2022, era diretora artística da Companhia de Dança de Almada.

Biografia
Em 1976, licenciou-se no Instituto Superior de Educação Física, no curso de professor de Educação Física. Em 1988, conclui o mestrado na University of North Carolina, nos Estados Unidos da América, com uma tese intitulada "Center of the body and centering: Study of different approaches to the subject, and its significance for the dancer." Em 1994, concluiu o doutoramento na Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, com a tese "Estudo da vivência do bailarino em cena: Relações com traços de personalidade e qualidades de interpretação artística". Alcançou a classificação máxima por unanimidade.

Percurso
Em 1992, foi a primeira coreógrafa convidada pela Companhia de Dança de Almada, assumindo funções de consultora artística daí em diante. Desde esse ano, dirige a Quinzena de Dança de Almada, um dos festivais internacionais de dança contemporânea mais antigos de Portugal.

Coreógrafos de Portugal
Professores universitários de Portugal

Ana Macara


Die Società Anonima Wolseley Italiana, kurz Wolsit, war ein italienischer Hersteller von Automobilen. Es werden auch Officine Legnanesi Automobili Wolsit und Officine Automobili Legnanesi Wolsit  genannt.

Unternehmensgeschichte
Das Unternehmen wurde im Januar 1907 in Legnano gegründet. Beteiligt war die Banca di Legnano mit 2 Millionen Lire und die Brüder Macchi aus Varese. Ziel war die Produktion von Automobilen nach Lizenz der Wolseley Motor Company. Der Markenname lautete Wolsit.

Das Unternehmen stellte sowohl vom 19. Mai bis zum 9. Juni 1907 auf der Automobilausstellung von Mailand als auch vom 18. Januar bis zum 2. Februar 1908 auf der Automobilausstellung in Turin Fahrzeuge aus.

Aufgrund der damaligen Wirtschaftskrise entstanden nur wenige Fahrzeuge. Eine Quelle meint, es waren etwa 25 Fahrzeuge. 1909 wurde das Unternehmen liquidiert.

Ein Nachfolgeunternehmen fertigte anschließend Fahrräder.

Fahrzeuge
Zwei Quellen geben an, dass komplette Fahrzeuge hergestellt wurden. Eine dritte Quelle meint, dass Fahrgestelle aus England importiert wurden, die als Basis dienten, eigene Karosserien erhielten und auf diese Weise vervollständigt wurden. Insgesamt sind fünf Modelle von Personenkraftwagen überliefert.

Das kleinste Modell war der 10/12 HP. Er hatte einen Zweizylindermotor mit 1775 cm³ Hubraum. Diese Art der Modellangabe deutet auf 10 Steuer-PS und 12 PS Motorleistung hin.

Daneben gab es zwei Modelle mit Vierzylindermotoren. Der 16/24 HP hatte 3550 cm³ Hubraum und der 30/40 HP 5555 cm³ Hubraum.

Das größte Modell war der 45/60 HP. Sein Sechszylindermotor hatte 8190 cm³ Hubraum.

Als letztes Modell erschien der 14/20 HP auf dem Markt. Er hatte einen Vierzylindermotor und 2587 cm³ Hubraum.

Das Fahrzeug mit der Nummer 2699 war für Margarethe von Italien vorgesehen.

In Mailand wurde auch das Fahrgestell eines Omnibusses ausgestellt.

Motorsport
Drei Fahrzeuge nahmen am 1. September 1907 an der Coppa Florio in Brescia teil. Als Fahrer sind Wild, George und Jo Durlacher überliefert. Wild erreichte das Ziel auf Rang 13.

Literatur

 Enzyklopädie des Automobils. Marken · Modelle · Technik. Weltbild-Verlag, Augsburg 1989, S. 476.
 Anders Ditlev Clausager: Wolseley. A very British Car. Herridge & Sons, Beaworthy 2016, ISBN 978-1-906133-73-3, S. 84 (englisch).

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ehemaliger Pkw-Hersteller (Italien)
Ehemaliger Omnibushersteller (Italien)
Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Lombardei)
Legnano
Gegründet 1907
Aufgelöst 1909
Unternehmen (Metropolitanstadt Mailand)

Wolseley Italiana


Balkaya, Kırklareli ilinin Vize ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün eski adı, 1909 yılı kayıtlarında Portes Kışlası olup, Yunanca'da "pórtes" sözcüğü "kapılar" anlamına gelmektedir. Köyün eski adı 1928 yılı kayıtlarında ise  Apartos olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Kırklareli il merkezine 76 km, Vize ilçe merkezine 20 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Vize belde ve köyleri

Balkaya, Vize


Matematik felsefesinde finitizm (İngilizce finite = sonlu) matematiksel oluşturmacılığın aşırı bir şekli olup matematiksel bir nesnenin yalnızca sonlu sayıda adımla ve doğal sayılar kullanılarak oluşturulabilmesi durumunda, var olabileceğini savunmaktadır.

(Buna karşın çoğu oluşturmacı sayılabilir sonsuz sayıda adımların kullanılmasına izin verir.)
Finitizmin en ünlü savunucusu Leopold Kronecker ve bu konudaki deyişidir: "Tanrı doğal sayıları yarattı, gerisi insanların eseri."
Çoğu modern oluşturmacı daha yumuşak bir görüş savunmakla birlikte köklerini Kronecker'in çalışmalarına dayandırabilmektedirler.

Finitizmden daha katı bir yaklaşım Alexander Esenin-Volpin'in ultra sezgicilik (ya da yaygın olarak bilinen adıyla ultra finitizm) akımıdır.

Sonsuzluk
Finitizm

Finitizm


The Borough of Eastleigh is a local government district with borough status in Hampshire, England, bordering the unitary authority of Southampton, Test Valley, the City of Winchester and the Borough of Fareham. Eastleigh is separated from the New Forest by Southampton Water. Water bounds much of the borough, with Southampton Water and the River Hamble bordering the east and southwest of the district. The built-up nature of neighbouring Southampton and the urban area around the town of Eastleigh contrast with the rural nature of much of the borough, which lies within the Hampshire Basin.

The original Eastleigh borough was formed in 1936 following the incorporation of the former Eastleigh Urban District Council. The borough as it is today was formed in 1974, when the existing Borough of Eastleigh expanded to include part of the former Winchester Rural District as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. The name of the borough was chosen by the children's author, Charlotte Mary Yonge. There are 10 parishes within the borough, the borough council, has 44 seats. The council's headquarters is in the town of Eastleigh itself. The borough is also served by seven county councillors and two members of Parliament. The borough's Latin motto, "Salus populi suprema lex" translates as "The Welfare of the People is the most important Law".

Eastleigh is rather urbanised with a population of 125,900 in the 2011 census and a high population density. However, that population is in better general health than the South East region and the country. The borough is served by two motorways and seven railway stations as well as an international airport. There is also a ferry linking Hamble-le-Rice in Eastleigh to Warsash in Fareham, and a disused canal running through the north of the borough.

There are eight scheduled monuments and around 180 listed buildings in the borough, with Netley Abbey, Bursledon Windmill, the chapel of Netley Hospital, and Netley Castle among them. The borough also contains eight conservation areas and around 20,000 trees protected by tree preservation orders.

History

The borough's origins begin with the formation of a parish covering the villages of Eastley and Barton in 1868. Author Charlotte Mary Yonge, a resident of Otterbourne, donated £500 (£ in ) towards the cost of building a parish church and in return was asked which of the two villages to name the parish after; she chose Eastley, but also chose to alter the spelling to Eastleigh as she considered this more modern. The parish grew rapidly: it had a population of 515 in 1871, over 1,000 in 1881 and 3,613 in 1891.

In order to facilitate the creation of pavements with kerbs, drains and sewers, and street lights, a local board was established in 1893. Two years later, the local board was replaced by Eastleigh Urban District Council, which was merged with the neighbouring community of Bishopstoke in 1899, retaining the Eastleigh name.

The first Eastleigh Borough was incorporated in 1936 under the Municipal Corporations Act 1882. This conversion from Eastleigh Urban District Council to Eastleigh Borough Council allowed the authority to create bylaws. Notice of the petition for incorporation was served on the 1 February 1936, and the matter being raised for consideration on 16 March, along with petitions for the creation of boroughs for Crosby and Sale in North West England, among others.

The Local Government Act 1972 resulted in this borough of Eastleigh merging with seven parishes from the Winchester Rural District to become the borough as it is today, with effect from 1 April 1974.

In 2006, the borough was ranked the ninth best place to live in the UK by a Channel 4 programme.

Governance

Most of the borough has a three-tier local government system, consisting of a local parish council or town council (there are nine parishes and two towns in the borough), Eastleigh Borough Council itself, and Hampshire County Council.  There are 39 seats on the borough council across 14 wards. At present, 35 of these 39 seats are held by Liberal Democrat councillors, with three Independent councillors, and one Conservative. The council has a strong tradition of attending to environmental matters and in 2008 was named a beacon council under the theme "Tackling Climate Change". The council is rated as "good" by the Audit Commission.

Eastleigh is represented on Hampshire County Council by eight councillors (currently seven Liberal Democrats and one Conservative), and in Parliament by two MPs.  Most of the borough is covered by the Eastleigh constituency, represented by Paul Holmes of the Conservative Party. The remaining wards, which cover Chandler's Ford and Hiltingbury, belong to the Winchester constituency, represented by Steve Brine of the Conservative Party.

The various wards and parishes are grouped into five subdivisions of Eastleigh, each with a local area committee of borough councillors. These five subdivisions are as follows:

Council composition
Following the 2022 Borough Council elections, the composition is as follows:

Keith House is the leader of the council.

Geography

The southern part of the borough is bounded on the east by the River Hamble (separating it from Fareham) and on the west by Southampton Water (separating it from the New Forest). The Hamble flows into Southampton Water at Hamble-le-Rice, thus accounting for the borough's southern boundary. Further north, the borough borders Southampton to the west and the City of Winchester district to the north. As well as Southampton Water and the River Hamble, a number of watercourses flow through Eastleigh, including the River Itchen, Monks Brook and the Itchen Navigation.

The largest settlement in the borough is the town of Eastleigh itself, with a continuous urban area which now includes Chandler's Ford, Bishopstoke and Boyatt Wood. The only other settlement in the borough with town status is Hedge End. Due to the urban nature of Southampton and the town of Eastleigh, the western side of the borough is generally more built up than the east. There are three country parks in the borough, Itchen Valley in West End and Lakeside, located just to the south of the town of Eastleigh, are managed by the borough council while Royal Victoria Country Park is managed by Hampshire County Council.

The borough is within the Hampshire Basin, with an underlying geology of mainly Cretaceous chalk.

Soil in the borough is principally of poor to moderate agricultural quality although high grade land is present in pockets. The south of the borough has acid soils and gravels, but poorly drained clays predominate in the north. Most of the borough is covered by a series of clays and marls, with sandy and lignitic beds, part of the Bracklesham Group of beds. As well as clay soils, the Bracklesham Beds result in some bands of sandy soil to the north of West End, and podzol soils around the M27 motorway west of Hedge End and on small areas of the gravels on top of the beds themselves. However most of the soil over the beds is more fertile brown earth.

In the north of the borough, small pockets of valley gravels, London clay, Brickearth and Alluvium can be found, although these have mainly been built over with the exception of the Alluvium, which forms peaty soils around the floodplain of the River Itchen.

Climate
As with the rest of the UK, Eastleigh experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). The nearest weather station to the Borough is in Southampton, which has held the record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at  since 1976.

Demography
In the 2021 census, Eastleigh had a population of 136,443 people consisting of 66,700 males (48.9%) and 69,743 females (51.1%). The borough is much more densely populated than South East England and England as a whole, with a population density of 1,712.1 people per square km (South East England and England have population densities of 486.5 and 433.5 people per square km, respectively). 45.7% of Eastleigh's population state their religion as Christian, which is a significant decrease from 61.9% in 2011. 45.0% stated they had no religion (up from 28.5% in 2011) and 5.6% did not state a religion; the most popular non-Christian religions in the borough were Islam (1%), Hinduism (1%) and Sikhism (0.7%). The census also indicates that the residents of Eastleigh are generally in better health than those in England as a whole.

Economy

Historically, the economy of the area has strong links with the transport industry. The proximity of substantial waterways made shipbuilding a major industry in the south of the borough, and today the pleasure boat industry still dominates the area around Hamble-le-Rice and Bursledon, made famous by the television drama series on the subject, Howards' Way, which was filmed in the area. The borough is also strongly linked with the Spitfire, the first test flights of which took place from Southampton Airport in Eastleigh.

The economy of the borough today is dominated by the retail sector, which accounts for around 33 per cent of the jobs in the borough, and this proportion is rising. As well as the large Swan Centre, a shopping centre in the town of Eastleigh, there is a large out-of-town retail development near Hedge End which includes flagship stores for Marks & Spencer and Sainsbury's among others. Eastleigh also has proportionately more manufacturing and construction jobs than the nation, but the number of jobs in these sectors is declining in the borough.

The B&Q head office is in the Portswood House in Eastleigh, Eastleigh borough.

Landmarks

There are eight scheduled ancient monuments in Eastleigh, around 180 listed buildings (9 of which are Grade II* listed, the remainder are Grade II) and over 800 tree preservation orders covering 20,000 trees across 5,000 properties. The council also maintains a "local list" of buildings which are of local importance but do not meet English Heritage's listing criteria.

The area around Netley is particularly rich in notable historic landmarks, with Netley Abbey, Netley Castle and Netley Hospital all nearby.  The borough also boasts Hampshire's only functioning windmill, Bursledon Windmill, and eight conservation areas.

Transport

The M3 motorway runs through the north-west of the borough, providing a direct road route to London, and the midlands and north of England via the A34 road which joins the M3 just north of Winchester. The M27 motorway also runs through much of the borough, linking Eastleigh to the rest of the south coast.

There are seven railway stations in the borough, served by the South West Main Line, the Eastleigh to Romsey Line, the Eastleigh to Fareham Line, the West Coastway Line and the Cross Country Route.  Passenger train operators serving the Eastleigh stations are South Western Railway, CrossCountry and Southern.

Southampton Airport is located in the north west of the borough, just south of the town of Eastleigh itself. The airport is the 20th largest in the United Kingdom and flights operate from there to destinations throughout the British Isles (including the Channel Islands) and some destinations in western continental Europe.

Local bus services in Eastleigh are primarily operated by Blue Star, with other operators including First Hampshire & Dorset and Stagecoach Group. National coach operators such as National Express tend not to serve Eastleigh due to the close proximity of Southampton and Winchester to the borough.

The disused Itchen Navigation runs through the north of the borough, and in the south, Hamble is served by the Hamble-Warsash Ferry.

Education

The local education authority for Eastleigh is Hampshire County Council, which lists 40 schools in the borough. In addition, there are two further education colleges in the town of Eastleigh, and a number of private schools such as the Gregg School in Chartwell Green and King's School in Fair Oak.

International relationships
The Borough of Eastleigh is twinned with:
 Villeneuve-Saint-Georges, France
 Kornwestheim, Germany
has a friendship alliance with:
 Kimry, Russia
and has one Sister City:
 Temple Terrace, Florida, United States

Eastleigh was awarded the European Flag of Honour in 1983 to mark the twentieth anniversary of the Borough's twinning with Villeneuve-Saint-Georges. The flag, which is awarded to local authorities which promote pan-Europe relationships, was presented to the council by a European Commission representative on 18 June 1983.

Freedom of the Borough
The following people and military units have received the Freedom of the Borough of Eastleigh.

Individuals
 Sir David Price: 1977.
  Godfrey G. Olson : 1977.
 Norman F.N. Norris: 1977.
 Peter A.T. Green: 1977.
 Frank Edward Brown: 1986.
 Dennis A. Tranah: 1986.
 Suzanne Bartlet: 1989.
 George E. Raymond: 1995.
 Margaret Kyrle}: 2003.
 David Chidgey, Baron Chidgey: 2005.
 Christopher Tapp: 2006.
 Doreen Wellfare: 2008.
 Philip Spearey: 21 January 2011.
 David Smith: 2013.
 Dani King: 2013.
 Nirmal Purja: 14 March 2022.

Military Units
 The Royal Hampshire Regiment: September 1991.
 The Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment: 9 September 1992.

See also
List of places of worship in the Borough of Eastleigh

References

Non-metropolitan districts of Hampshire
Boroughs in England

Borough of Eastleigh


Ian Maclaren, de son vrai nom John Watson, né le 3 novembre 1850 et mort le 6 mai 1907, est un presbytérien de l'Église libre d'Écosse ainsi qu'un auteur de fiction sous le pseudonyme Ian Maclaren.

Œuvres

Fictions par Ian Maclaren
 1894 : Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush
 1895 : The Days of Auld Lang Syne
 1895 : A Doctor of the Old School
 1896 : Kate Carnegie and those Ministers
 1898 : Afterwards and other Stories
 1898 : Rabbi Saunderson
 1899 : Young Barbarians
 1907 : Graham of Claverhouse

Essais par Ian Maclaren
 1896 : The Cure of Souls
 1898 : Companions of the Sorrowful Way
 1900 : Church Folks
 1912 : Books and Bookmen
 1899 : ''The Light of the World or The Bible illuminated and Explained Sermons par John Watson
 1895 : The Upper Room 1896 : The Mind of the Master 1897 : The Potter's Wheel 1898 : Companions of the Sorrowful Way 1899 : In Answer to Prayer: The Touch of the Unseen

 Autres ouvrages par John Watson
 1907 : The Scot of the eighteenth century: his religion and his life
 1912 : Children of the Resurrection

 Aphorisme

Ian Maclaren est l'auteur de cette citation, souvent attribuée à tort à Platon ou à Philon d'Alexandrie.

La plus ancienne mention de l'esprit de cette citation se trouve dans l'édition de Noël 1897 du British Weekly'', écrite par Ian Maclaren :

Références

Articles connexes
 Mouvement Kailyard
Liste d'écrivains britanniques et irlandais par ordre alphabétique
Liste d'écrivains écossais

Liens externes

Pseudonyme
Écrivain écossais du XXe siècle
Écrivain écossais du XIXe siècle
Naissance en novembre 1850
Décès en mai 1907
Décès à 56 ans

Ian Maclaren


Danilo Šerbedžija (Zagreb, 1971.) je hrvatski filmski redatelj.

Otac mu je glumac Rade Šerbedžija, a sestra glumica Lucija Šerbedžija.

Filmografija
 "72 dana" (2010.)
 "Osloboduvanje na Skopje" (2016.)
 "Tereza37" (2020.)

Nagrade
 67. Pulski filmski festival : Velika zlatna arena za najbolji film i Zlatna arena za režiju za film "Tereza37"
Godišnja Nagrada Vladimir Nazor za film "Tereza37"

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Životopisi, Zagreb
Židovi u Hrvatskoj
Hrvatski filmski redatelji
Dobitnici nagrade Vladimir Nazor

Danilo Šerbedžija


Casaleggio peut désigner:

 Casaleggio Boiro, commune italienne de la province d'Alexandrie dans le Piémont ;
 Casaleggio Novara, commune italienne de la province de Novare dans le Piémont ;
 Gianroberto Casaleggio, homme politique italien, cofondateur du Mouvement 5 étoiles .

Voir aussi

 Casale

Casaleggio


Tokyo FM Hall est une salle polyvalente située dans le FM Center Building à Kōjimachi, arrondissement de Chiyoda, à Tōkyō.

Aperçu

Il s'agit d'une salle polyvalente qui a ouvert ses portes le 23 novembre 1985 dans le bâtiment FM Center à la suite du déménagement du siège social de FM Tokyo Co., Ltd. Au moment de l'ouverture, la salle s'appelait « FM Tokyo Hall », mais le 1er octobre 1990, l'entreprise FM Tokyo a changé son surnom en Tokyo FM, et le nom de la salle a été changé pour l'actuel Tokyo FM Hall.

Pour célébrer le déménagement du nouvel immeuble de bureaux de FM Tokyo, Sadao '85, une émission spéciale d'ouverture de la salle a été diffusée le 23 novembre 1995, en direct devant un public, avec Sadao Watanabe en DJ.

La salle a une structure pouvant s'adapter à divers usages, et un nombre de sièges variable qui peut aller jusqu'à 308 places assises selon les configurations. Puisqu'elle est exploitée par Tokyo FM, la salle est souvent utilisée pour l'enregistrement public de programmes diffusés sur les stations affiliées au réseau JFN, mais aussi par d'autres sociétés du même secteur comme les émissions « Idol Generation » de Radio Nikkei et « Ami Kikuchi no 1ami9 ! » (et les événements concerts associés « 1ami9LIVE! ») de Radio Japan. Des concerts (notamment événements anniversaires des membres de l'agence Hello!Project), des comédies musicales et des grandes conférences y ont lieu. Par ailleurs, elle sert de salle d'entraînement pour la chorale masculine Tokyo FM Shōnen Gasshōdan. Dans le passé, elle a été utilisée comme studio pour des programmes télévisés, comme pour les qualifications de Tokyo pour le Grand Prix R-1 et l'enregistrement public de « Folk Days» diffusé sur Fuji TV NEXT.

Adresse
1-7 Kōjimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo FM Center Building 2e étage

Accès

 A 6 minutes à pied de la sortie 1 de la station Kōjimachi sur la ligne Yurakuchō du métro de Tokyo.
 A 3 minutes à pied de la sortie 2 de la station Hanzōmon sur la ligne Hanzōmon du métro de Tokyo.

La salle est située le long de l'avenue Uchibori, en face de la porte des jardins du palais impérial Hanzōmon.

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Discogs

Édifice construit en 1985
Page sans coordonnées Wikidata

Tokyo FM Hall


Nova Independência es un municipio brasileño del estado de São Paulo.
Se localiza a una latitud 21º06'14" sur y a una longitud 51º29'24" oeste, estando a una altitud de 316 metros. Su población estimada en 2004 era de 2.098 habitantes.

Posee un área de 265,282 km².

Clima
El clima de Nova Independência puede ser clasificado como clima tropical de sabana (Aw), de acuerdo con la clasificación climática de Köppen.

Demografía
Datos del Censo - 2000

Población total: 2.063
 Urbana: 1.504
 Rural: 559
 Hombres: 1.054
 Mujeres: 1.009

Densidad demográfica (hab./km²): 7,78

Mortalidad infantil hasta 1 año (por mil): 16,72

Expectativa de vida (años): 70,77

Tasa de fertilidad (hijos por mujer): 2,02

Tasa de alfabetización: 82,04%

Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH-M): 0,737
 IDH-M Salario: 0,635
 IDH-M Longevidad: 0,763
 IDH-M Educación: 0,813
(Fuente: IPEADATA)

Carreteras
 SP-563

Administración
 Prefecto: José Pedro Toniello (2009/2012)
 Viceprefecto:
 Presidente de la cámara: (2009/2010)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de São Paulo

Nova Independência


Tschirka-Kem (, ) ist ein rechter Nebenfluss des Kem in der Republik Karelien im Nordwesten Russlands.

Der Fluss hat eine Länge von 221 km und ein Einzugsgebiet von 8270 km². Er entspringt auf dem Westkarelischen Höhenrücken. Von dort fließt er in überwiegend nördlicher Richtung und mündet in den vom Kem durchflossenen See Jaschkojarwi (Яшкоярви). An seiner Mündung erreicht der Tschirka-Kem einen mittleren Abfluss von 81 m³/s. Die beiden linken Nebenflüsse Rastas und Chjame entwässern den westlich gelegenen See Njuk zum Tschirka-Kem.

Einzelnachweise

Tschirka-Kem


El reino de Limerick (nórdico antiguo: Hlymrekr) fue un pequeño pero poderoso enclave hiberno-nórdico en la isla de Irlanda que aparece en la crónica del  Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib (guerra de los irlandeses contra los extranjeros) y otros escritos contemporáneos como los Anales de los cuatro maestros, Anales de Inisfallen y Anales de Tigernach. La figura principal de los gobernantes de Limerick a finales del  fue Ivar de Limerick (m. 977), apodado Ua hÍmair.

Los primeros registros sobre incursiones vikingas en Limerick se remontan a 845 en los Anales de Ulster, seguido de embestidas intermitentes en la región a lo largo del , siendo vencidos en 887 por los hombres de Connacht. La colonización no fue firme hasta la llegada de Tomrair mac Ailchi que fundó un asentamiento permanente en 922, lanzando incursiones a lo largo de la ribera del río Shannon, atacando los monasterios y otros lugares de culto cristianos desde Lough Derg hasta Lough Ree. Dos años más tarde, los vikingos de Dublín, al mando de Gofraid ua Ímair atacaron Limerick, pero fueron rechazados. La guerra entre vikingos duró hasta 937 cuando los dublineses, ahora comandados por Amlaíb mac Gofraid, capturó a Amlaíb Cenncairech y por alguna razón destruyó su flota. Amlaíb Cenncairech, no fue el primer rey vikingo de Limerick ya que anteriormente los anales citan la muerte de Colla ua Báirid (m. 932), rey de Limerick. A falta de registros sobre batallas, la interpretación histórica es que Amlaíb mac Gofraid buscó alianza con Amlaíb de Limerick por su conflicto con Athelstan, que desembocó en la batalla de Brunanburh. La década entre 920 y 930 fue el máximo apogeo del poder hiberno-nórdico en Irlanda y solo Limerick llegó a rivalizar seriamente con Dublín. En 937 Olaf Cuaran atacó Limerick al ver amenazados los intereses de Dublín por las embestidas de sus rivales y los venció en batalla naval en Lough Ree, e impuso a su primo Aralt mac Sitric como rey de Limerick acabando con aquella situación y permitiendo a Olaf dirigir toda su atención hacia Jorvik.

La historiadora Mary Valante interpreta que el dominio comercial en auge de los vikingos de Limerick, así como su región y periferia, estuvo sujeto a la constancia de Ivar y las embestidas de su ejército de mercenarios suaitrech (nórdico antiguo: svartleggja o piernas oscuras) en competencia con el reino de Dublín. Valante resalta que el impuesto de capitación descrito en Cogad es muy parecido al que aparece en el Lebor na gCeart (libro de derechos) y Leabhar Ua Maine (libro de los Uí Maine) de Dublín. En cualquier caso el poderío económico en Munster, a la vista de los hallazgos en plata, parece que operaba de forma distinta al comercio de los vikingos de Dublín.

Poul Holm argumenta que el reino de Dublín, Limerick y el reino de Waterford, se pueden clasificar como ciudad estado como define Mogens Herman Hansen y el Copenhagen Polis Centre. No obstante Dublín y Limerick se pueden considerar las «plazas mayores» del remanente de territorios escandinavos. Limerick ya poseía calles en los tiempos de Ivar, como se reporta en Cogad cuando Mathgamain y los Dál gCais construyeron la gran fortaleza o dún tras la victoria en la batalla de Sulcoit.

Posiblemente como represalia por instigar la traición y muerte de Mathgamain mac Cennétig el año anterior, Ivar y dos de sus hijos, Amlaíb/Olaf (Cuallaid o "Perro Salvaje") y Dubcenn ("Cabeza Oscura"), fueron asesinados en una emboscada por Brian Boru en 977 en Scattery Island.

Tras la muerte de Ivar, su hijo Aralt mac Ímair, último rey de los extranjeros de Munster, junto con el remanente de su ejército, se unió a Donnubán mac Cathail contra la ofensiva de Brian Boru y los Dál gCais. Aralt murió en la Batalla de Cathair Cuan (978), lo que comportó el definitivo punto final del poder hiberno-nórdico de Limerick que sorprendentemente se sostuvo cincuenta y cinco años desde la llegada de Tomrair mac Ailchi en 922.

Véase también
 Amlaíb Cenncairech
 Ivar de Limerick
 Historia de Irlanda
 Longphort

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Downham, Clare, Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edimburgo, 2007.
 Forte, Angelo, Oram, Richard, & Pedersen, Frederik, Viking Empires. Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-521-82992-5.
 Hudson, Benjamin T., Viking Pirates and Christian Princes: Dynasty, Religion, and Empire in the North Atlantic. Óxford, 2005. ISBN 0-19-516237-4.
 Larsen, Anne-Christine (ed.), The Vikings in Ireland. Roskilde: The Viking Ship Museum, 2001.
 Todd, James Henthorn (ed. y tr.), Cogadh Gaedhel re Gallaibh: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. Longmans, 1867.
 Woolf, Alex, "Age of Sea-Kings: 900-1300",ed. Donald Omand, The Argyll Book. Edimburgo, 2004. pp 94–109.

Limerick
Limerick
Limerick
Condado de Limerick
Irlanda en el siglo IX
Irlanda en el siglo X
Vikingos de Limerick

Reino de Limerick


Chasmanthieae, tribus trava u potporodici Panicoideae. Postoje dva priznata roda.

Rodovi
 Bromuniola Stapf & C. E. Hubb.
 Chasmanthium Link

Izvori

Panicoideae

Chasmanthieae


Ferruccio Amendola (* 22. Juli 1930 in Turin; † 3. September 2001 in Rom) war ein italienischer Schauspieler und Synchronsprecher.

Leben
Amendola stammt aus einer Familie von Schauspielern und ist der Neffe des Drehbuchautors und Regisseurs Mario Amendola. Bereits als Kind war er in Gian Burrasca zu sehen; er spielte für Sergio Tofano einen Schüler. Ab den 1950er Jahren betätigte er sich in Revuetheatern, ab 1954 war er mit gewisser Regelmäßigkeit auch für das Kino aktiv, meist in komischen Rollen. Ebenfalls zu sehen war Amendola in Fernsehproduktionen wie Il gallo canta a mezzanotte und L'ultima faccia di Medusa (beide im Jahr 1958 entstanden) oder Il provino (1964). Ab 1968 widmete Amendola sich fast ausschließlich der Synchronisation, für die er sich schon früh interessiert hatte; seine unverwechselbare Stimme lieh er regelmäßig u. a. Dustin Hoffman, Al Pacino, Sylvester Stallone und Robert De Niro. Von 1982 an war er wieder an einigen großen Publikumserfolgen des Fernsehens als Schauspieler beteiligt.

Amendola war mit seiner Kollegin Rita Savagnone verheiratet; Claudio Amendola ist ihr Sohn.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1943: Gian Burrasca
 1954: In den Klauen der Vergangenheit (Avanzi di galera)
 1954: Die Mädchen vom Fernamt 04 (Le signorine dello 04)
 1959: Man nannte es den großen Krieg (La grande guerra)
 1964: Maciste, der Held von Sparta (Maciste, gladiatore di Sparta)
 1964: Der Sieger von Samarkand (Il ladro di Damasco)
 1965: Flitterwichen auf italienisch (Viaggio di nozze all'italiana)
 1967: Wer zuletzt lacht, lacht am besten (Riderà (Cuore matto))
 1967: Tolles Herz, halt dich fest (Cuore matto… matto da legare )
 1970: Gelegenheit macht Eifersucht (Lacrime d'amore)
 1980: Buddy haut den Lukas (Chissà perché… capitano tutte a me)

Weblinks

 Amendolas umfangreiches Synchronschaffen

Einzelnachweise

Theaterschauspieler
Filmschauspieler
Synchronsprecher
Italiener
Geboren 1930
Gestorben 2001
Mann

Ferruccio Amendola


Stéphanie Cabre, née le 22 janvier 1976 à Prades (P-O), est une réalisatrice, journaliste et animatrice française. Elle vit à Montréal au Canada.

Biographie
Après avoir été diplômée de l'Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence, elle est recrutée par la chaîne d'information I-Télévision dès son lancement en 1999. Elle est dans un premier temps, rédactrice newsroom et présentatrice du bulletin météorologique, puis reporter et chroniqueuse. Elle officie également sur Canal+.
Elle fera ensuite ses armes de réalisatrice à l'agence CAPA de 2007 à 2009. Elle est chargée de fabriquer le "Journal de la semaine" dans "Extérieur Jour", l'émission de cinéma sur Canal+  présentée par Daphnée Roulier.

En 2009, elle rejoint l'équipe éditoriale du Petit-Journal de Yann Barthès.
De 2011 à 2013, elle présente l'été les matinales du Mouv', à Radio France, puis conçoit et anime l'émission radio hebdomadaire "Les Mireille sur le Mouv'", un talk-show 100% féminin.

En 2011 elle se joint à l'équipe de l'émission culturelle "Entrée Libre" sur France 5 à France Télévisions, pour réaliser des portraits de personnalités de la culture. De 2014 à 2017 elle y signe également la rubrique quotidienne intitulée, "La Une". En 2016, elle tient aussi une chronique radio hebdomadaire dans l'émission de Laurent Goumarre, "Le Nouveau Rendez-Vous" sur France Inter.

En 2017, elle signe, en co-réalisation, son premier film documentaire « Absolument Trans ». Depuis, elle a multiplié les projets de création liés à la sphère de l'Internet, et la pop culture. Réalisatrice et rédactrice en chef, elle a collaboré avec de nombreux diffuseurs et médias en France et au Québec : Arte, Urbania, Radio-Canada, Le Huff Post.

En 2021, elle est l'autrice et la réalisatrice de la série documentaire « Emoji-Nation », un langage sous influence, une coproduction France-Canada.

Filmographie
Documentaires

 2017 : Absolument Trans
2021 : Emoji-Nation

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Journaliste française du XXIe siècle
Réalisatrice française
Naissance à Prades (Pyrénées-Orientales)
Naissance en janvier 1976
Animatrice sur Mouv'
Animatrice française de télévision
Élève de l'Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence

Stéphanie Cabre


Svetlana Lapina (d. 12 Nisan 1978) Rus yüksek atlamacı.

En iyi derecesi olan 1.99 metreyi Sevilla, İspanya'da düzenlenen 1999 Dünya Şampiyonası'nda gerçekleştirdi.

Başarıları

1978 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
Rus kadın yüksek atlayıcılar
Rus Olimpiyat atletleri
2000 Yaz Olimpiyatları atletleri
Dünya Üniversite Oyunları madalyalı atletler
Gümüş Dünya Üniversite Oyunları madalyalı Rus sporcular
Dünya Atletizm Şampiyonası madalyalı atletler

Svetlana Lapina


An Encyclia leucantha in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Encyclia leucantha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Encyclia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Encyclia

Encyclia leucantha


Eine Schrämkrone ist ein Werkzeug, das an Säulen-Schrämmaschinen eingesetzt wurde. Es gab bis zu fünf verschiedene Schrämkronentypen.

Aufbau
Die Schrämkronen bestehen aus Werkzeugstahl und sind am oberen Ende mit gehärteten Schneiden besetzt. Bei einigen Typen waren die Schneiden auswechselbar. So konnten abgenutzte Schneiden vor Ort durch den Schrämhauer gegen neue Schneiden ersetzt werden, ohne dass die Schrämkrone ausgewechselt werden musste. Hierzu wurden die alten Schneiden einzeln aus der Schrämkrone seitlich herausgeschlagen und die scharfe Schneiden seitlich wieder eingeschlagen. Die Kronen hatten, je nach Kronentyp, eine Länge von 65 bis 90 Millimetern und besaßen zwischen drei und acht Schneiden.

Einsatz
Kronen mit drei Schneiden zerkleinern das Gebirge nur sehr wenig und neigen dazu, in einer engen Schram festzuklemmen. Mehrschneidige Kronen sind besser einsetzbar und neigen nicht zum Festklemmen, sie arbeiten sich in der Schram auch besser wieder frei. Vielspitzige Kronen sind besonders gut für zähe Kohle geeignet. Auch Kohle, die mit Schwefelkies durchzogen ist, kann von den vielspitzigen Kronen besser bearbeitet werden. Aufgrund des beim Schrämen entstehenden Nachfalls liegen die Schramhöhen, die mit diesen Kronen erstellt werden können, je nach Kronentyp, zwischen 75 und 120 Millimeter.

Einzelnachweise

Bergbaugerät

Schrämkrone


Akçaova ile şu maddeler kastedilmiş olabilir:

Coğrafya
Türkiye
 Akçaova, Çine, Aydın ili Çine ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Akçaova, Kandıra, Kocaeli ili Kandıra ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Akçaova, Manyas, Balıkesir ili Manyas ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Akçaova, Antakya, Hatay ili İskenderun ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Akçaova, Menteşe, Muğla ili Menteşe ilçesine bağlı mahalle

Akçaova


Dorothée Joaquim Lima était un rédacteur et éditeur de journaux au Dahomey qui a joué un rôle important dans le développement des médias d'information au Dahomey pendant l'ère coloniale française. Avec Jean Adjovi, il a édité l'influent mais éphémère Le Guide du Dahomey (1920-22), puis a remplacé Jean Adjovi comme rédacteur en chef de La Voix du Dahomey.

Biographie
Lima était né au Dahomey, naturalisé français. Il avait été éduqué dans une mission catholique à Porto Novo. Lima a servi dans l'administration coloniale française avant la première guerre mondiale. Il faisait partie du groupe de rapatriés du Brésil qui ont joué un rôle important dans la vie de la colonie au début du vingtième siècle.

Hommage
Afin de rendre hommage à l'homme, une avenue porte son nom dans le littoral 11 arrondissement de Cotonou au Bénin d'une longueur de 1,167 kilomètres.

Notes et références

Articles connexes
 Le Guide du Dahomey
 Paul Hazoumé
 La Voix du Dahomey

Naissance à Porto-Novo
Journaliste béninois du XXe siècle

Dorothée Lima


An Syngonanthus ottohuberi in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Nancy Hensold. An Syngonanthus ottohuberi in nahilalakip ha genus nga Syngonanthus, ngan familia nga Eriocaulaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Syngonanthus

Syngonanthus ottohuberi


Hullet i kælderen er en dansk kortfilm fra 1992 med instruktion og manuskript af Kayhan Rahgozar og Dorte Nielsen.

Handling
En dødkedelig regnfuld novembersøndag danner baggrund for et ægteskabeligt opgør, der starter med en diskussion om et hul i kælderen der skal fyldes op. Filmen handler om jalousi og kærlighed... måske monopol på kærligheden. Den slutter i et dilemma mellem to forklaringer: Dræber manden sin kone og lever videre med minderne, eller er det hele blot en drøm?

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1992

Hullet i kælderen


Restaurantes
Lista com as principais redes de restaurantes em atuação no Brasil.

Lista

*No Brasil.

Ver também

 Fast food no Brasil

Referências

Cadeias de fast-food do Brasil
Rede de restaurantes

Lista de redes de restaurantes no Brasil


An Agrostis phleoides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Étienne-Émile Desvaux. An Agrostis phleoides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Agrostis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Agrostis

Agrostis phleoides


بروبرانولول (الأسماء) هو دواء يستخدم أساساً في علاج ارتفاع ضغط الدم. كان أول نجاح لإنتاج حاصرات بيتا، وهو الدواء الوحيد الذي أثبت فعاليته في الوقاية من الصداع النصفي لدى الأطفال. يتوفّر البروبرانولول بصورة كهيدروكلوريد بروبرانولول، وتنتجه شركة أسترا زينيكا وايث تحت الاسم التجاري أنديرال (Inderal).

التاريخ والتطور

اكتشف البروبرانولول العالم الأسكتلندي جيمس بلاك في أواخر الخمسينيات من القرن الماضي. وفي عام 1988 حصل جيمس بلاك على جائزة نوبل في الطب لهذا الاكتشاف. بروبرانولول كانت مستمدة من β المبكر هرمون التوتر الخصوم دايكلورويزوبرينالين وبرونيثالول تعديل الهيكلية الرئيسية، التي قامت أساسا عن طريق لجميع حاصرات بيتا لاحقة، تم إدراج الجسر ميثوكسي في هيكل أريليثانولامين (arylethanolamine) من برونيثالول الأمر الذي أدى إلى زيادة فاعلية للمجمع. هذا أيضا على ما يبدو في القضاء على السرطنة وجدت مع برونيثالول في النماذج الحيوانية.

الأدوية الأحدث والأكثر انتقائية لحاصرات بيتا (مثل نبيفولول تستخدم الآن في علاج ارتفاع ضغط الدم).

موانع الاستعمال
يمنع استخدام بروبرانولول للمرضى بالحالات التالية:
 أمراض الشعب الهوائية العكوسة، لا سيما الربو أو مرض الانسداد الرئوي المزمن (COPD)
 بطء القلب (<60 نبضة / دقيقة)
 متلازمة العقدة الجيبية المرضية
 الحصر الأذيني البطيني (من الدرجة الثانية أو الثالثة)
 صدمة
 انخفاض ضغط الدم الشديد
 سمية الكوكايين

الآثار السلبية
بروبرانولول ينبغي أن يستخدم بحذر للمرضى مع:
 مرض السكري أو فرط نشاط الغدة الدرقية، بسبب تقنع علامات وأعراض نقص سكر الدم.
 أمراض الأوعية الدموية الطرفية ومتلازمة Raynaud، والتي قد تتفاقم
 ورم القواتم Phaeochromocytoma، قد يتفاقم ارتفاع ضغط الدم قبل المعالجة بحاصر ألفا
 الوهن العضلي الوبيل، الذي قد يزداد سوءاً
 أدوية أخرى المؤدية لبطء القلب

الحمل والإرضاع
بروبرانولول، مثل حاصرات بيتا الأخرى، تصنف على أنها من الفئة C للحمل في الولايات المتحدة وفئة C من ADEC في أستراليا. تقلل عوامل حاصرات β بشكل عام نضح المشيمة التي قد تؤدي إلى نتائج سلبية لحديثي الولادة، بما في ذلك المضاعفات الرئوية أو القلب، أو الولادة المبكرة. قد يواجه حديثي الولادة تأثيرات ضارة إضافية مثل نقص السكر في الدم وبطء القلب.

تظهر معظم حاصرات β في حليب النساء المرضعات. ومع ذلك، بروبرانولول يرتبط بشدة مع البروتينات في مجرى الدم ويتم توزيعها في حليب الثدي عند مستويات منخفضة جداً. ولا يتوقع أن تشكل هذه المستويات المنخفضة أي خطر على الرضاعة الطبيعية، والأكاديمية الأمريكية لطب الأطفال تعتبر العلاج بروبرانولول «متوافقة عموماً مع الرضاعة الطبيعية».

بسبب القدرة العالية لاختراق حاجز الدم في الدماغ، حاصرات بيتا المحبة للدهون مثل بروبرانولول والميتوبرولول هي أكثر عرضة من غيرها من حاصرات بيتا أقل المحبة للدهون لتسبب اضطرابات النوم مثل الأرق والأحلام الحية والكوابيس. تقلل الأحلام (النوم المسرع لحركة العين، REM) وتزيد الصحو.

ردود الفعل الضارة للأدوية المرتبطة بالعلاج بالبروبرانولول هي مماثلة لحاصرات بيتا الأخرى المحبة للدهون.

المراجع

الروابط الخارجية

 Scientific American Interview with James McGaugh
 U.S. National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal - Propranolol

1-نفثولات
أدوية أساسية حسب منظمة الصحة العالمية
أدوية علاج الصداع النصفي
أمينات
إيثرات النفثول
حاصرات بيتا
مثبطات استرداد النورإبينفرين
محصرات قنوات الصوديوم
مركبات الإيزوبروبيل
مضادات مزيلة للقلق
اختراعات إسكتلندية

بروبرانولول


El sitio de Zaragoza es una fantasía descriptiva sobre temas militares compuesta por Cristóbal Oudrid aproximadamente en 1848. Originalmente la obra se ideó como música incidental para la obra teatral El Sitio de Zaragoza de 1808 de Juan Lombía.

Historia
Hacia 1848, Cristóbal Oudrid compuso El sitio de Zaragoza con el objetivo de servir como música incidental para la obra teatral El Sitio de Zaragoza de 1808 de Juan Lombía, un drama en tres actos y escrito en verso. La música debía interpretarse en toda la obra y terminaba con una rondalla interpretando la «Jota aragonesa». Como la pieza se hizo muy popular entre el público, Oudrid realizó una antología con ella y el resto de la obra para crear la obra instrumental en forma de fantasía descriptiva, independiente de la obra de teatro.

Durante la segunda mitad del  la obra obtuvo popularidad debido a la exaltación nacional de héroes de los sitios como Agustina de Aragón. Era común que las bandas militares y grupos policiales las interpretaran en recitales y hoy en día se continua interpretando tanto por bandas municipales y militares como por orquestas y grupos  en diversas versiones que ofrecen distintas lecturas de la obra.

Elementos propios de la música militar napoleónica
La obra contiene numerosos fragmentos de marchas, toques y demás composiciones militares de la época de los sitios, lo que nos demuestra el conocimiento de Oudrid sobre la música militar de aquel entonces. Entre ellas resalta el  Chant de L'Oignon, una marcha militar francesa propia de los granaderos. No obstante en versiones populares la marcha se asemeja a una jota por el uso de castañuelas u otros elementos típicos de estas composiciones. Concretamente, el motivo del canto de L'Oignon aparece es uno de los primeros motivos de la obra y tras un motivo más característico de la música tradicional aragonesa, se repite con más intensidad. En las interpretaciones actuales, es común encontrar pífanos, castañuelas, trompetas y otros instrumentos que ayudan a provocar el efecto historicista y narrativo que el autor buscaba. Además, suelen incluirse redobles de tambores o golpes de timbal que se asemejan a salvas o disparos de cañón

Similitudes con la Obertura 1812
Cabe destacar su similitud ideológica con la famosa Obertura 1812 de Chaikovski, tanto por  el periodo y la situación a la que se refiere como por la exaltación nacional romántica frente al imperialismo napoleónico. Además, como Oudrid, Chaikovski también se inspiró en las marchas militares napoleónicas.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Interpretación de la obra por La Banda Sinfónica de la Guardia Real

Fantasías
Composiciones de Cristóbal Oudrid
Los Sitios de Zaragoza en las artes
Composiciones de 1848

El sitio de Zaragoza


Diego Souza (født 22. marts 1984) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Diego Souza


In law, to compass is to purpose (or intend) something. It is an individual that is imagining something or to plot a plan. Compassing signifies a purpose (or design) of the mind (or will), and not carrying such design to effect.

References

A Law Dictionary, Adapted to the Constitution and Laws of the United States. By John Bouvier. Published 1856.

Legal terminology

Compass (law)


Posyağbasan, Adana ilinin Aladağ ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
1902 yılındaki Ermenice ve 1928 yılındaki Türkçe kayıtlara göre mahallenin ismi Yağbasan olarak geçmektedir. Posyağbasan, 1960 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Adana il merkezine 95 km, Aladağ ilçe merkezine 21 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Aladağ'ın mahalleleri

Posyağbasan, Aladağ


Tas on its own may refer to:

 Tas (series), science fiction novels by E.C. Eliott
 44M Tas, a WW2 medium/heavy tank from Hungary
 TAS – Transportes Aéreos Salvador, defunct Brazilian airline
 Tas, father of Lél (Lehel), one of the Seven chieftains of the Magyars

TAS, Tas, tas, or TAs may also refer to:

Places
Tasmania, Australia, an abbreviation
Tas-Anna, a rural locality in Neryuktyayinsky 1-y Rural Okrug of Olyokminsky District in the Sakha Republic, Russia
Tas-Kystabyt, a mountain range in Far East Russia
Tas-Silġ, a rounded hilltop overlooking Marsaxlokk Bay, Malta, close to the city of Żejtun
River Tas, in Norfolk, England

People

Given name
Tas Baitieri (born 1958), Australian former rugby league footballer and coach
Tas Bull (1932–2003), Australian trade union leader
Tas Pappas (born 1975), Australian skateboarder
Tas, father of Lél (Lehel), one of the Seven chieftains of the Magyars

Surname
Adam Tas (1668–1722), South African community leader
Adam Tas (singer) (born 1981), South African singer and songwriter in Afrikaans
András Róna-Tas (born 1931), Hungarian historian and linguist
Henk Tas (born 1948), Dutch visual artist and photographer
Marcelo Tas (born 1959), Brazilian director, writer, actor and television host
Marja van der Tas (born 1958), Dutch politician
Rudi Tas (born 1957), Flemish Belgian composer, conductor and organist

Nicknames
Nickname of Tasmiyah Janeesha Whitehead, arrested for the murder of Nikki Whitehead

Arts and entertainment
The Absolute Sound, an American audiophile magazine
Star Trek: The Animated Series
Tas (series), science fiction novels by E.C. Eliott
Tasslehoff Burrfoot, a character in Dragonlance novels

Education
Taipei American School, Taipei, Taiwan (Republic of China)
Tehran American School, Tehran, Iran
The Armidale School, New South Wales, Australia
The Associated Schools, a group of schools in Queensland, Australia
Trinity Anglican School, Cairns, Queensland, Australia

Military
44M Tas, a WW2 medium/heavy tank from Hungary
Tas-Samra Battery, a 1798–1800 artillery battery in Ħamrun, Malta
TAs, the Romanian designation of the German Sturmgeschütz III assault gun

Science and technology

Computing and telecommunications
Thermal-assisted switching, an approach to computer memory
Tool-assisted speedrun, in video games
Telephony application server, in telecommunications
Test-and-set, an atomic instruction in synchronization

Material science
Transient-absorption spectroscopy, a form of time-resolved spectroscopy
TAS classification, for types of volcanic rocks

Medicine
Transesophageal atrial stimulation
TAS-102, a cancer drug
TAS-108 or SR16234, a steroid hormone
Trent Accreditation Scheme, in UK healthcare

Other fields
Traffic Advisory System, for aircraft (e. g. TCAS)
True airspeed, of an aircraft
Total analysis system, chemical analysis technology
Neutron triple-axis spectrometry, a technique used in inelastic neutron scattering

Sports
TAS de Casablanca, a Moroccan football club
TAS Racing, a motorcycle team in Moneymore, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland
HK Taš, an ice hockey club in Belgrade, Serbia
Court of Arbitration for Sport (), Lausanne, Switzerland

Transportation
Tashkent International Airport (IATA code: TAS), Uzbekistan
TAS – Transportes Aéreos Salvador
TasRail, a train operator owned by the Government of Tasmania
Tvornica Automobila Sarajevo, a former Yugoslav automobile manufacturer; see

Other uses
Taxpayer Advocate Service, United States
The Artists' Studio, a community theatre in Indiana, United States
The Atlas Society, an organization that promotes Objectivism, the philosophy of Ayn Rand
Travelers' Aid Society (spelled "Travellers" outside the US), a charitable organization

See also

Taz (disambiguation)

TAS


Agrilus topazius é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Curletti, 1997.

Referências

topazius

Agrilus topazius


Mændenes 200 m individuel medley under sommer-OL 2016 i Rio de Janeiro fandt sted 10.-11. august 2016 på Olympic Aquatics Stadium.

Referencer

200 m individuel medley (herrer)

Svømning under sommer-OL 2016 – 200 m individuel medley (herrer)


C4MIP (con más detalle, acrónimo del inglés: Coupled Carbon Cycle Climate Model Intercomparison Project (Proyecto Conjunto Ciclo de carbono y modelos climáticos) es un proyecto conjunto entre el International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) y el Programa Mundial de Estudios sobre el Clima (WCRP). Es un proyecto de modelos intercomparativos a lo largo de líneas del Proyecto Comparativo de modelos atmosféricos, y con modelos climáticos globales que incluye el ciclo del carbono interactivo.

Referencias
Cambio climático
Física aplicada e interdisciplinaria

Enlaces externos
 http://c4mip.lsce.ipsl.fr/
 https://web.archive.org/web/20081023085751/http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/hadleycentre/models/carbon_cycle/index.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20050402053554/http://climate.ornl.gov/c4mip/

C4MIP


Die Upper New York Bay ist eine Bucht südlich von Manhattan in den US-Bundesstaaten New York und New Jersey. Sie ist der nördliche Teil der New York Bay, die weiterhin aus der Lower New York Bay und dem Kanal The Narrows, der die beiden Buchten verbindet, besteht. Die Upper New York Bay bildet den zentralen Teil des Hafens von New York.

Lage
Die Bucht ist durch die Südspitze von Manhattan im Norden, den New Yorker Stadtteil Brooklyn im Osten, Staten Island und den Kanal The Narrows im Süden sowie Bayonne und Jersey City in New Jersey im Westen begrenzt. Die Meerenge The Narrows verbindet die Upper New York Bay mit der Lower New York Bay und schließlich dem Atlantik. Diese Meerenge sorgt mit starkem Gezeitenstrom für einen hohen Wasseraustausch mit dem Atlantik, sie stellt aber auch einen natürlichen Schutz für die Bucht dar. Der Hudson River sowie der East River, der die Verbindung zum Long Island Sound bildet, enden in der Bucht. Über den Kill Van Kull südlich von Bayonne ist die Bucht mit der Newark Bay verbunden, die auch noch von den Gezeiten beeinflusst ist. Durch den Gezeitenstrom werden jährlich etwa 100.000 Tonnen Schwebstoffe aus der Upper New York Bay in die Newark Bay transportiert, die dort sedimentieren. Der Passaic River und der Hackensack River münden in die Newark Bay und entwässern schließlich durch den Kill Van Kull ebenfalls in die Upper New York Bay.

In der Bucht gibt es zahlreiche Inseln, die größten sind Governors Island, Liberty Island und Ellis Island sowie das große Unterwasser-Riff Robbins Reef, auf der Seite von New Jersey. Das Riff ist durch den Leuchtturm Robbins Reef Lighthouse auf einer kleinen Insel markiert. Früher war das Riff eine der größten Austernbänke der Welt. Mit der Zunahme der Wasserverschmutzung Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts verschwanden die Austern aus der Bucht.

Weiterhin befindet sich in der Bucht auf der Seite von Brooklyn die Gowanus Bay, in die der Gowanuskanal fließt, ferner eine kleine Bucht vor Red Hook, der Buttermilk Channel, die Wasserstraße zwischen Brooklyn und Governors Island und der Bay Ridge Channel an der östlichen Seite der Bucht vor dem Narrow. Auf der westlichen Seite befinden sich der Greenville Channel und der Claremont Terminal Channel.

Physikalische Parameter
Das Wasser der Bucht besteht aus Süßwasser aus dem Hudson River und Salzwasser, das durch den Gezeitenstrom vor allem durch den Narrows Kanal und den East River kommt. In der Bucht mischen sich diese Wassermassen. Die mittlere Austauschzeit des Wassers in der Bucht beträgt etwa zwei Wochen, der Anteil des Hudson Rivers daran ist zu vernachlässigen. Würde das Wasser nur durch den Hudson River ausgetauscht werden, so würde die mittlere Austauschzeit etwa 5 Monate betragen. Das Wasser in der Bucht besteht daher vorwiegend aus Salzwasser marinen Ursprungs mit Brackwasseranteilen nahe der Mündung des Hudson Rivers.

Trivia

Die Staten Island Ferry überquert die Bucht auf ihrer etwa halbstündigen Fahrt zwischen dem Whitehall Terminal in Manhattan und St. George Ferry Terminal auf Staten Island.

Die Kläranlage Owls Head in Bay Ridge, einem Stadtteil von Brooklyn, leitet das geklärte Abwasser von etwa 750.000 Menschen in die Bucht.

Der Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel, die Straßenverbindung zwischen Manhattan und Brooklyn, verläuft unterhalb der Bucht.

Weite Teile von New York liegen etwa 3 Meter über dem Meeresspiegel. Um diese Gebiete vor einem Jahrhunderthochwasser zu schützen, wurden Studien erstellt, die zeigen, dass es möglich ist, mit drei Stauwehren die Upper New York Bay und die angeschlossenen Gewässer abzuschließen und so das Stadtgebiet zu schützen, ähnlich wie es bei London mit dem Thames Barrier schon gemacht wird.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Gewässer in New York
Gewässer in New Jersey
Long Island
Bucht in Nordamerika
Bucht in den Vereinigten Staaten
Bucht (Atlantischer Ozean)

Upper New York Bay


جبهة القوقاز (بالروسية : Кавказский фронт) كانت وحدة كبيرة من الجيش الإمبراطوري الروسي خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى. أُنشئت في أبريل 1917، بعد إعادة تنظيم الجيش الروسي القوقازي.

ينظر التاريخ العسكري الروسي إلى حملة القوقاز والحملة الفارسية كمسرحين منفصلين في الحرب العالمية الأولى، على حد سواء هذه الحملات كانت تحت سيطرة الأولى ايلاريون فورونتسوف-داشكوف ثم نيكولاي يودينيش.

تقول مصادر غربية أن هذه الحملات تقوم بها قوات مختلفة في منطقة الشرق الأوسط في الحرب العالمية الأولى، هذا المنظور يعود أيضا إلى الأنشطة العسكرية العثمانية. حيث انخرط الجيش الثالث في حملة القوقاز الجيش الثاني في الحملة الفارسية.

مراجع

الثورة الروسية
الحروب العثمانية الروسية
الدولة العثمانية
جبهات الإمبراطورية الروسية
حروب أرمينيا
حروب الدولة العثمانية
مسرح الشرق الأوسط في الحرب العالمية الأولى
وحدات وتشكيلات الحرب الأهلية الروسية العسكرية
وحدات وتشكيلات عسكرية أسست في 1917

الجبهة القوقازية (الإمبراطورية الروسية)


Bijela pšenica (engleska pšenica, engleski pir, lat. Triticum turgidum) jednogodišnja biljka iz roda pšenica. Iz Azije prenesena je u velike dijelove Europe i Sjevernu Ameriku i sjevernu Afriku

Prema Kew-u postoji nekoliko podvrsta koje su se ponekada smatraju posebnim vrstama.

Podvrste
Triticum turgidum subsp. carthlicum (Nevski) Á.Löve, perzijska pšenica
Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides (Asch. & Graebn.) Thell.,
Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum (Schrank ex Schübl.) Thell., dvozrna pšenica
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn., tvrda pšenica, durum pšenica
Triticum turgidum subsp. georgicum (Dekapr. & Menabde) Mackey ex Hanelt, kolhijska pšenica
Triticum turgidum subsp. polonicum (L.) Thell., poljska pšenica
Triticum turgidum subsp. turanicum (Jakubz.) Á.Löve, korasonska pšenica
Triticum turgidum subsp. turgidum

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Pšenica
Žitarice
Flora europske Turske
Flora Europske Rusije
Flora Sjevernog Kavkaza
Flora Gruzije
Flora Armenije
Flora Turske
Flora Iraka
Flora Irana
Flora Pakistana
Flora Azerbajdžana
Flora Turkmenistana
Flora Uzbekistana
Flora Kirgistana
Flora Kine
Flora Hrvatske

Bijela pšenica


The Hero Cycle es el álbum debut del grupo estadounidense de death metal melódico Light This City., lanzado el  5 de septiembre de 2003. El álbum fue el primero del grupo, como así también el del sello discográfico Reflections Of Ruin Records y fue grabado en Castle Ultimate Studios en Oakland, California.

The Hero Cycle fue relanzado través del sello Prosthetic Records y la fecha original estaba programada para el 18 de agosto de 2009, pero fue pospuesto hasta al 19 de enero de 2010.

Lista de canciones

Personal

 Laura Nichol - vocales
 Steven Shirley - guitarra
 Mike Dias - bajo
 Ben Murray - batería

Músicos adicionales
Phil Benson - coros en "The Weight of Glory"
Jeff Allen - guitarra en "Cold"

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 MySpace Oficial

Álbumes de Estados Unidos de 2004
Álbumes debut de 2004

The Hero Cycle


BTS (kóreska: 방탄소년단; Bangtan Sonyeondan), er suður-kóresk hljómsveit stofnuð af Big Hit Entertainment árið 2010. Meðlimir hljómsveitarinnar eru RM, Jin, Suga, j-hope, Jimin, V og Jung Kook. BTS hófu feril sinn árið 2013 með stuttskífunni 2 Cool 4 Skool.

Suður-kóreskar hljómsveitir

BTS


Denmark Ahoy er en dansk turistfilm fra 1981, der er instrueret af Carl Otto Petersen.

Handling

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Turistfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1981

Denmark Ahoy


An Sarcochilus koghiensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Sarcochilus koghiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sarcochilus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha New Caledonia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Sarcochilus

Sarcochilus koghiensis


යුනිස්ක්‍රයිබ්  (Uniscribe) යනු මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් වින්ඩෝස් හි යුනිකෝඩ්-අක්ශර ඈඳීමේ මෙවලම් කට්ටලයකි. මේවා ගොඩනඟා ඇත්තේ USP10.DLL නම් Dynamic-Link Libraryය තුලය. Windows 2000 සහ Internet Explorer 5.0 සමඟ මෙම  USP10.dll මුලින්ම මහජනතාව අතට පත්විය.  මීට අමතරව, Windows CE platform ද එහි 5.0 වන වෙළුමේ සිට යුනිස්ක්‍රයිබ් සමග ක්‍රියාකාරී විය.

USP10.dll
USP යනු කෙටි වචනයකි for Unicode Scripts Processor.  මෙහි නවතම සංස්කරණය වන්නේ 1.613.5291.0 ය. මෙහි මූලික පරමාර්ථ නම්:
 ආදාන අක්ශර පෙළ (ආදාන පිළිවෙල) අනුව ගෙන ප්‍රතිදාන පිළිවෙල සැකසීම.
 අදාල ස්ථාන වලට සංයුක්ත අක්ශර ආදේශ කරීම, (උදා: ක් + ර = ක්‍ර : ග් + ය = ග්‍ය : ක් + ෂ = ක්‍ෂ) [මෙහිදී එකතුකරීමට ZWJ හෝ NZWJ යොදාගනී]
 දෘශ්‍ය අක්ශර දිශාව සැකසීම (උදා: දකුණේ සිට වමට-හීබෘ, ඉහල සිට පහලට-ජපන්)

usp10.dll වල බහුලව භාවිතා වන වෙළුම් කිහිපයක් (හා එ්වා බෙදා හැර ඇති ආකාර සමඟ) පහත දැක්වේ:

How to update?
Although Uniscribe has been available since Windows 2000, new versions of Uniscribe provided more functions to the system, namely, support to other writing systems.  An earlier update of it supports the display of Arabic and Hebrew, then Thai and Vietnamese.  Since Windows XP, more South Asian and Assyrian alphabets are supported.

If a user needs to use the newer usp10.dll for only certain applications, they are permitted to copy the newer version into the executable directories of those applications.  However, newer versions of usp10.dll are not allowed to be re-distributed according to Microsoft's licensing agreement.  Therefore, they are always encouraged to join the Microsoft VOLT discussion forum in order to get the latest version of usp10.dll.  This is considered to be troublesome by most novice computer users, who need to type text in certain unsupported writing systems but are stuck with older versions of usp10.dll.

තවද බලන්න
 International Components for Unicode

References
 Uniscribe
 Microsoft Typography
 Uniscribe at MSDN
 Summer Institute of Linguistics. Uniscribe versions

අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු
 How to update usp10.dll at Windows 2000
 FAQ about usp10.dll

Digital typography

යුනිස්ක්‍රයිබ්


الفريق أول جلال باشا خوتات؛ من أعيان الشراكسة في الأردن ومن كبار ضباط القوات المسلحة الأردنية. تولى منصب المدير المالي للقوات المسلحة الأردنية منذ عام 1965 وحتى عام 2006 حيث كان قد عين مساعدا للمدير المالي قبل ذلك أي في سنة 1962 م. وقبل أنضمامه رسمياًإلى القوات المسلحة الأردنية عين جلال خوتات مراقباً ماليا لدى القوات المسلحة بصفة انتداب من وزارة المالية وكان ذلك منذ سنة 1958 ولغاية 1963 م، حيث تم تعيينه كضابط برتبة مقدم في مرتبات القوات المسلحة ليعمل بمنصب مساعد مدير الدائرة المالية حتى عام 1965م. هذا وقد خدم جلال خوتات في مراكز مختلفة في الحكومة الأردنية منذ 1952 عقب تخرجه من جامعة القاهرة ذات السنة، وتقاعد من خدمته العسكرية برتبة فريق أول في سنة 2006 م بعد خدمة عامة مخلصة لمدة تزيد عن 54عامامنها 48 عاما في سلك القوات المسلحة الأردنية، إحدى وأربعون عاما منها كمدير مالي متميز للقوات المسلحة الأردنية.

مكان وتاريخ الولادة:
عمان، 29/10/1925

التحصيل العلمي:

• ماجستير في الاقتصاد والتمويل من جامعة ييل "Yale University" في ولاية كونكتيكت الأمريكية سنة 1958.

• بكالوريوس في المحاسبة من جامعة القاهرة في جمهورية مصر العربية سنة 1952.

• الثانوية العامة من مدرسة المطران في عمان سنة 1945.

المناصب والرتب العسكرية:

•	بتاريخ 16/8/2006 تقاعد من القوات المساحة الأردنية برتبة فريق أول.
•	يتاريخ 10/7/2006 ترفع لرتبة فريق أول في القوات المساحة الأردنية.
•	يتاريخ 1/7/1989 ترفع لرتبة فريق في القوات المساحة الأردنية.
•	بتاريخ 1/7/1974 ترفع لرتبة لواء في القوات المساحة الأردنية.
•	بتاريخ 15/7/1968 ترفع إلى رتبة عميد في القوات المساحة الأردنية.
•	بتاريخ 1/12/1965 ترفع لرتبة عقيد في القوات المساحة الأردنية.
•	بتاريخ 5/5/1965 عين مديرا للدائرة المالية في القوات المسلحة الأردنية.
•	بتاريخ 11/5/1963 تجند في القوات المسلحة الأردنية برتبة مقدم وعين مساعدا لمدير الدائرة المالية.
•	بتاريخ 3/12/1955 عين رئيس ديوان في وزارة المالية.
•	بتاريخ 1/3/1954 محاسبا عاما للاشغال العامة / وزراة المواصلات.
•	بتاريخ 4/10/1952 عين بوظيفة محاسب في وزارة المالية.

الاوسمة والشارات:

• وسام النهضة درجة / 2.

• وسام الكوكب درجة / 1.

• وسام الاستقلال درجة / 1.

• وسام الاستقلال درجة / 2.

• وسام الاستحقاق العسكري درجة / 1.

• وسام معركة الكرامة.

• وسام اليوبيل الفضي.

• شارة تقدير الخدمة المخلصة.

• شارة الخدمة 1967م-1971 م.

• شارة الكفاءة التدريبية.

• شارة الكفاءة القيادية

• شارة الكفاءة الإدارية والفنية.

الوفاة:

•	توفي يوم الاثنين الموافق السابع والعشرون من حزيران عام 2011م.

مراجع
 فيصل حبطوش خوت أبزاخ. "مخطوطة كتاب أعلام الشراكسة - الجزء الثاني"، (عمّان).
 سالم جلال خوتات.
 غازي جلال خوتات

أديغة
أعلام الشراكسة في الأردن
عسكريون أردنيون

جلال خوتات


Chow Yun-fat (Çince: 周潤發; Pinyin: Zhōu Rùnfā; d. 18 Mayıs, 1955 Lamma Adası, Hong Kong), Çinli aktör.

Hong Kong'un Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, Jet Li gibi en tanınan aktörlerinden biridir.

Gençliği
Chow'un çocukluğu Hong Kong'un küçük adası Lamma Adasında yoksulluk içinde geçti. Hayatı yerel TVB televizyonuna aktör eğitimi başvurusunun kabul edildiği andan itibaren değişti.

Kariyeri
En çok rating alan televizyon dizilerinden biri olan The Bund'dan sonra Chow'un isminin tanınması fazla uzun sürmedi. Chow, TV başarılarına başka yapımlarla devam etti. Ancak onun asıl hedefi beyaz perde idi. Düşük bütçeli birkaç filmde istediğini bulamadı. Başarı o zamanlar fazla tanınmayan bir yönetmen olan John Woo ile beraber çalıştığı bir mafya aksiyon - melodram filmi olan A Better Tomorrow,1986  filminden sonra geldi. Bu film hem Woo'ya hem de Chow Yun-fat'a şöhreti getirecekti. Chow bu başarının ardından Tv işini bıraktı ve tamamen beyaz perdeye yöneldi. Better Tomorrow ile kazandığı imaj ile benzer kategoride filmler olan 'gun fu veya 'heroic bloodshed' gibi, veya Woo'nun yönettiği filmler olan The Killer (1989) and Hard Boiled (1992) gibi filmleri çevirdi.

Chow batıda en bilinen, polise veya suçlulara karşı sert erkeği oynayan asyalı aktörlerden biridir. Ama çok yönlü bir oyuncudur. Kendisini, Diary of a Big Man (1988) ve Now You See Love... Now You Don't (1992) gibi komedi dizilerinde veya Love in a Fallen City (1984) and An Autumn's Tale (1987) gibi romantik dizilerde de görebiliriz.

Hong Kong'da ulaştığı şöhretle 90'ların ortasında Hollywood'a gitti. İlk iki filmi Replacement Killers (1998) ve The Corruptor (1999) tam birer hayal kırıklığı idi. Daha sonraki filmi Anna and the King (1999) nispeten daha başarılıydı, ancak bu başarı otoriteler tarafından daha çok Jodie Foster'a maledildi. Chow, Asya'ya Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (Kaplan ve Ejderha) (2000) filmiyle geri döndü. Bu film hem gişe rekorları kıracak hem de Oscar ödülünü getirecekti.

Özel hayatı
Chow'un en sevdiği hobisi fotoğrafçılıktır.

Filmleri
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="5%" | Yıl
! width="25%" | Film
! width="20%" | Diğer film ismi
! width="25%" | Rolü
! width="25%" | Notlar
|-
| rowspan="4"| 1976 || Learned Bride Thrice Fools the Bridegroom ||  新蘇小妹三難新郎 || ||
|-
| The Hunter, the Butterfly and the Crocodile || 撈家邪牌姑爺仔 || ||
|-
| Reincarnation || 投胎人 || ||
|-
| Massage Girls || 池女 || || aka Club Girl Story
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1977 || Hot Blood || 入冊 || "Ah Cheng" ||
|-
| Bed for Day, Bed for Night || 床上的故事 || ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1978 || Miss "O" || O女 || "Kuan Yen-ping" ||
|-
| Their Private Lives || 愛慾狂潮 || "Ko Ming-chung" ||
|-
| rowspan="4"| 1980 || See-Bar || 師爸 || "Git" aka "Chieh" || aka God Father
|-
| Pembunahan Pursuit || 懵佬,大賊,傻偵探 || "killer" ||
|-
| Police Sir! || 係咁先 || "Sergeant Chu Hwa-tai" ||
|-
| Joy to the World || 喜劇王 || "Yam Chung-lung" || aka King of Comedy
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1981 || The Executor || 執法者 || "Ng Tao" || aka Heroic Cops (cameo)
|-
| The Story of Woo Viet || 胡越的故事 || "Woo Viet" ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1982 || Postman Strikes Back || 巡城馬 || "Fu Jun" || aka Postman Fights Back|-
| The Head Hunter || 獵頭 || "Yuen Lik" || aka Long Goodbye|-
| rowspan="5"| 1983 || Last Affair || 花城 || "Kwong Ping" ||
|-
| The Bund || 上海灘 || "Hui Man-keung" || aka Shanghai Beach|-
| The Bund Part II || 上海灘續集 || ||
|-
| Blood Money || 血汗金錢 || "Bullet" || aka Bloody Money|-
| Katanyu Prakasit || || || Thai film
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1984 || Love in a Fallen City || 傾城之戀 || "Fan Liu Yuen" ||
|-
| Hong Kong 1941 || 等待黎明 || "Yip Kim-fei" ||
|-
| The Occupant || 靈氣逼人 || "Inspector Valentino Chow" || aka The Tenant|-
| rowspan="2"| 1985 || Women || 女人心 || "Derek Sun" ||
|-
| Why Me? || 何必有我? || "Mr Chow" ||
|-
| rowspan="11"| 1986 || Nepal Affair || 奇緣 || "Joe" || aka Witch from Nepal|-
| Love Unto Waste || 地下情 || "Inspector Lan" ||
|-
| Missed Date || 初一十五 || "Peter" ||
|-
| Dream Lovers || 夢中人 || "Song Yu" ||
|-
| A Better Tomorrow || 英雄本色 || "Mark Gor" ||
|-
| Seventh Curse || 原振俠與衛斯理 || "Wesley" ||
|-
| Rose || 玫瑰的故事 || "Charles""Ga Ming" || aka Story of Roseaka Lost Romance|-
| The Lunatics || 癲佬正傳 || "Chung" ||
|-
| 100 Ways to Murder Your Wife || 殺妻二人組 || "Fa" || aka Killing Wives Softly|-
| A Hearty Response || 義蓋雲天 || "Ho Ting-bon" ||
|-
| My Will, I Will || 你情我願 || || aka You Want, I Want|-
| rowspan="11"| 1987 || City on Fire || 龍虎風雲 || "Ko Chow" ||
|-
| Spiritual Love || 鬼新娘 || "Pu Yung-tsai" || aka Phantom Bride|-
| Flaming Brothers || 江湖龍虎門 || "Tin" || aka The Flame Brothers|-
| Scared Stiff || 小生夢驚魂 || "Inspector Chow" ||
|-
| An Autumn's Tale || 秋天的童話 || "Samuel Pang" ||
|-
| Tragic Hero || 英雄好漢 || "Li Ah-chai" ||
|-
| Brotherhood || 義本無言 || "Fai" || aka Code of Honoraka Triad Savages|-
| Prison on Fire || 監獄風雲 || "Chung Tin-ching" ||
|-
| Rich and Famous || 江湖情 || "Boss Li Ah-chai" ||
|-
| A Better Tomorrow 2 || 英雄本色續集 || "Ken Lee" ||
|-
| The Romancing Star || 精裝追女仔 || "Wong Yat-fat" ||
|-
| rowspan="9"| 1988 || City War || 義膽紅唇 || "Dick Lee" ||
|-
| Goodbye My Friend || 再見英雄 || ||
|-
| The Eighth Happiness || 八星報喜 || "Fong Kim-long" ||
|-
| Fractured Follies || 長短腳之戀 || "Joe Leung" ||
|-
| Romancing Star II || 精裝追女仔之2 || "Wong Yat-fat" aka "Big Mouth Fat" (cameo) ||
|-
| Tiger on Beat || 老虎出更 || "Sergeant Francis Li" || aka Tiger on the Beat|-
| Greatest Lover || 公子多情 || "Qian Jin" aka "Nelson Chow" ||
|-
| Cherry Blossoms || 郁達夫傳奇 || "Yu Ta-fu (adult)" || aka Legend of Yu Ta Fu|-
| The Diary of a Big Man || 大丈夫日記 || "Chow Ting-fat" ||
|-
| rowspan="6"| 1989 || All About Ah-long || 阿郎的故事 || "Ah-long"co-writer ||
|-
| The Killer || 喋血雙雄 || "Jong" ||
|-
| A Better Tomorrow 3 || 英雄本色III夕陽之歌 || "Mark" ||
|-
| God of Gamblers || 賭神 || "Ko Chun" ||
|-
| Triads: The Inside Story || 我在黑社會的日子 || "Lee Man-ho" ||
|-
| Wild Search || 伴我闖天涯 || "Sergeant Lau Chun-pong" ||
|-
| rowspan="1"| 1990 || The Fun, the Luck & the Tycoon || 吉星拱照 || "Lam Bo-sun""Stink" || Chow played two roles.
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1991 || Once a Thief || 縱橫四海 || "Joe" ||
|-
| Prison on Fire II || 監獄風雲II逃犯 || "Chung Tin-ching" ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 1992 || Now You See Love, Now You Don't || 我愛扭紋柴 || "Ng San-shui" || aka Now You See It, Now You Don't|-
| Hard Boiled || 辣手神探 || "Tequila Yuen" ||
|-
| Full Contact || 俠盜高飛 || "Jeff" aka "Gou Fei" ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1994 || God of Gamblers Returns || 賭神2 || "Ko Chun" || aka The Return of the God of Gamblers|-
| Treasure Hunt || 花旗少林 || "Jeffrey Chang Ching" ||
|-
| rowspan="1"| 1995 || Peace Hotel || 和平飯店 || "Wong Ah-ping" / "killer" co-writer ||
|-
| rowspan="1"| 1998 || The Replacement Killers || || "John Lee" ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 1999 || The Corruptor || || "Nick Chen" ||
|-
| Anna and the King || 安娜与国王|| "King Mongkut" ||
|-
| rowspan="1"| 2000 || Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon || 臥虎藏龍 || "Li Mu-bai" ||
|-
| rowspan="1"| 2003 || Bulletproof Monk || || "Monk with no name" ||
|-
| rowspan="1"| 2005 || Waiting Alone || 独自等待 || "Ge Fa" (cameo) ||
|-
| rowspan="2"| 2006 || The Postmodern Life of My Aunt || 姨媽的後現代生活 || "Pan Zhichang" ||
|-
| Curse of the Golden Flower || 滿城盡帶黃金甲 || "Emperor Ping" ||
|-
| rowspan="1"| 2007 || Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End || || "Captain Sao Feng" ||
|-
| rowspan="1"| 2008 || The Children of Huang Shi ||黄石的孩子 || "Chen Hansheng" || aka The Bitter Sea|-
| rowspan="2"| 2009 || Dragonball Evolution ||龙珠进化 || "Muten Roshi" ||
|-
| The Founding of a Republic || 建国大业 || "Yuan Shikai" (cameo) ||
|-
| rowspan="3"| 2010 || | Confucius || 孔子 || "Confucius" ||
|-
| Shanghai || 谍海风云 || "Anthony Lan-ting" ||
|-
| Let the Bullets Fly || 让子弹飞 || Master Huang ||
|-
| 2011 || The Founding of a Party || 建党伟业 || "Yuan Shikai" ||
|-
| rowspan=2|2012 || The Assassins || 铜雀台 || "Cao Cao" ||
|-
| The Last Tycoon || 大上海 || "Cheng Daqi"
|-
| rowspan=3|2013 || The Monkey King || 大鬧天宮 || "Jade Emperor" || Awaiting release December 2013
|-
| From Vegas to Macau ||  ||  || Pre-production
|-
| Cold War 2 ||  ||  || Pre-production
|}

 En Beğenilen Tv Dizileri
 The Bund (; literally: Shanghai Beach) (1983) 25 bölüm - klasik Şangay mafya dizisi
 The Smiling, Proud Wanderer'' (Siu Ngou Kong Wu) (1984)

Ayrıca bakınız
 Çin Sineması
 Hong Kong Sineması

Dış bağlantılar

 AsiaFinest Chow Yun-fat

 A Free Man in Hong Kong (resmi olmayan fan sitesi)
 Temple of Chow

1955 doğumlular
Çinli oyuncular
Yaşayan insanlar

Chow Yun-fat


La Clase Framée fue la segunda clase de contratorpederos  construida para la Marina Nacional Francesa entre 1897 y 1901.

Los buques y su concepción
Los cuatro buques que formaban esta clase recibieron nombres de armas históricas de infantería: Épée (espada), Framée (lanza), Pique (pica) y Yatagan (sable turco-mongol).
Fueron construidos en los astilleros Forges et Chantiers de la Méditerranée de Le Havre y Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire de Nantes.
Los buques tenían un diseño típico de la época, con un casco redondeado y una cubierta, también redondeada, conocida como "cubierta de tortuga" (turtledeck). Los mástiles fueron suprimidos para dotar a los navíos de mejor equilibrio.

Servicio
El Framée se hundió, el 11 de agosto de 1900, tras colisionar con el acorazado francés Brennus durante unas maniobras. Hubo 45 desaparecidos, entre ellos el comandante del buque, el Teniente de Navío De Mauduit Duplessis.

Los otros tres buques participaron en la Primera Guerra Mundial, a pesar de que ya eran buques obsoletos frente a los nuevos torpederos.
El Yatagan se hundió tras una colisión con el vapor británico SS Teviot, frente a Dieppe, el 3 de noviembre de 1916. Su comandante, el Teniente de Navío Bousses, así como su segundo, Alférez de Navío Ferey, desaparecieron con el buque.

Los restantes buques, el Épée y el Pique, sobrevivieron a la guerra y fueron dados de baja en 1920 y 1921, respectivamente, y desguazados en Tolón.

Los buques

Enlaces internos
 Anexo:Clases de destructores

Enlaces externos
 (en inglés) classe Framée (site battleships.cruisers.co.uk)
 Classe Framée - site page 14-18

Referencias

 Robert Gardiner, Roger Chesneau, Eugene Kolesnik: Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships (1860-1905)

Framee

Clase Framée


Artist trading cards (ATCs) is a conceptual art project initiated by the Swiss artist M. Vänçi Stirnemann in 1997. He called it a Collaborative Cultural Performance. Artist trading cards are 2.5 by 3.5 inches in size, the same format as modern trading cards (hockey cards or baseball cards). They are self-made unique works or small series, signed and dated on the reverse by the artist/producer, exchanged and collected by the people who participate in the collaboration.

The project
In 1996, Stirnemann began making small artworks the size of commercial trading cards. An exhibition of 1200 of Stirnemann's cards ran at his second-hand bookshop and gallery INK.art&text in Zurich, Switzerland between 23 April and 31 May 1997. The exhibition ended with a trading session. The ATC project was intended to allow people from different backgrounds to participate in an ongoing art project, which was not part of the art market. Selling or buying ATCs clearly contradicts the initial idea. Instead, people would meet at trading sessions and exchange their art work in a democratic face to face situation. Anybody can participate in the project and all techniques are allowed. ATCs are produced in various media, including dry media (pencils, pens, markers, etc.), wet media (watercolor, acrylic paints, etc.), paper media (in the form of collage, papercuts, found objects, etc.), or even metals, fiber, wax and other materials.

A few weeks after the first ATC exhibition and trading session in Zurich, the Canadian artist Don Mabie adopted the idea and showed artist trading cards at the Alberta College of Art and Design in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. In September 1997, a trading session was organized at the New Gallery in Calgary. Today, there are regular trading sessions in more than 30 cities in Europe, Canada, the US and Australia. The Zurich and Calgary trading sessions are still held on a monthly basis.

Exhibitions and editions
In April 1998, editions were shown at the Academy of Fine Arts in Stuttgart, Germany, and in June and July 1998 shows and trading sessions were organized in Arnhem and Nijmegen, the Netherlands. In July 1998, the New Gallery in Calgary showed "Hot Town: Artist Trading Cards in the Summer" (curated by Don Mabie). From 15 October until 27 December 1998, an exhibition of artist trading cards (copy-left editions) took place at the Kunsthaus Zurich in Switzerland, and in May 1999, the Kunsthaus Aarau (also in Switzerland) organized a show and trading event as part of the "Salon 99" exhibition. In September 2000, a first "Artist Trading Cards Biennial" (curated by Don Mabie and M. Vänçi Stirnemann) was taking place in the New Gallery in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, and in 2003, there was a large exhibition at the Kunstverein Stuttgart in Stuttgart, Germany. In May 2002, the fifth anniversary of the project was celebrated with a trading session at the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich. In subsequent years, shows and exhibitions took place in many places in Europe, Canada, the US and Australia. ATCs were published in different catalogues, mostly performance catalogues or small press magazines.

Between 1997 and 2004, Stirnemann published 333 ATC editions (copy-left edition). For each edition of 20 copies 15 people contributed 20 ATCs. Altogether, more than 800 people from 40 countries participated in the edition project. In 2002, Cat Schick started publishing editions of "Sister Trading Cards" (STCs) with ATCs from women only.

Historical context

The artist trading card project builds on different traditions. Miniature art has been in existence for centuries tracing its heritage back to the illustrated manuscripts of scribes in the Far East and Europe prior to the 15th century. The origin of modern trading cards is associated with cigarette cards first issued by the US-based Allen and Ginter tobacco company in 1875. They were the precursors of the sport cards and other trading cards. An important influence for the ATC concept were art movements of the 20th century which advocated a more popular art: Art not for museums or auctions but from and within everyday life. In this respect, the ATC project has affinity with the Fluxus movement and with Robert Filliou's notions of a "fête permanente", a "création permanente", or an "eternal network". The "art of participation" as an interactive process can be traced back to the 1950s, and it developed within different genres like performance art and happenings, action art, mail art, or later computer art.

Commercialization
The core purpose of the ATC concept was a free exchange between the participants to establish a rapport (collaborative performance). In order to allow for profit gain and non artist collection, both the concept of a mutual exchange and the name of the cards were altered (while the size was kept). In 2004, a first ATCs offshoot was organized on eBay by Lisa Luree (eBay name bone*diva). To circumvent intellectual property rights, she called it "Art Cards, Editions and Originals" (ACEOs). It was the beginning of what an eBay staff member two years later called "eBay's home grown art movement". In 2005, Jillian Crider started the Small Format Art Group on eBay, which allowed for works "no more than 14 inches in any one direction". Whereas ATCs are rather shown in museums and special exhibitions (usually accompanied by a trading session), ACEOs are sold on auction sites, collected privately and reproduced in craft tutorials or other publications.

References

External links
Official website

Performance art
Miniature painting
Prints (art)

Artist trading cards


La tortuga de almizcle aplanada (Sternotherus depressus) es una especie de tortuga de la familia Kinosternidae endémica de Alabama (Estados Unidos).

Distribución geográfica
Se encuentra sólo en el norte de Alabama.

Descripción
Estas pequeñas tortugas miden 7,5-10 cm (3-4 pulgadas) de largo. Tanto el nombre común como el nombre científico se refieren al hecho de que su caparazón es mucho menor y más plano que los otros miembros del género Sternotherus. De hecho parece como si alguien haya pisado accidentalmente sobre ellas.

En cautividad
Los individuos de esta especie han sobrevivido más de 20 años en cautividad.

Referencias
 Tortoise & Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group 1996.  Sternotherus depressus.   2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species..

Kinosternidae
Reptiles de Estados Unidos
Fauna endémica de Estados Unidos

Sternotherus depressus


Mustafa Hiram Abas (Bay Pipo olarak da bilinir.) (1932, İstanbul - 26 Eylül 1990, İstanbul), Türk istihbaratçı.

Ailesi
Anne tarafından dedesi, Osman Hamdi Bey'in yeğeni olan eski müzeler umum müdürü Mübarek Galip Eldem ve anneannesi Munise Eldem'dir. Mehmet Eymür 2013'te katıldığı bir programda Hiram Abas'a Hiram adını, dedesinin mason olmasından dolayı verdiğini söylemiştir. Babası kaptanlık mesleğiyle uğraşan Hilmi Abas, annesi ise 27 Ocak 1981'de vefat eden Fatma Roksan Abas'tır. Çocuklarının ismi Cengiz ve Cenan'dır. 4 dayısının ismi ise Galip, Memduh, Hüsrev ve İskender Eldem'dir.

İlk yılları
1932'de İstanbul'da doğdu. Hiram Abas gençlik yıllarında boks ile ilgilenmiş ve ufak çapta şampiyonluklar kazanmıştır. 1957 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi'nin İdarî şubesinden mezun oldu. Müfettişlik görevinden sonra yedek subay olan ve Millî İstihbarat Teşkilatı'nda çalışmaya başlayan ve 12 Mart döneminde MİT'te etkin görevlerde bulunan Abas, 1978'de Namık Kemal Ersun'un tasfiyesiyle ilişkili olarak kendi isteğiyle emekliye ayrıldı.

Kariyeri
1983'te ikinci kez MİT'e dönen Abas, 1988'de yayımlanan MİT raporu olayında sorumlu görülerek, raporu kaleme alan Mehmet Eymür'le pasif göreve alınmak istenince ikinci kez teşkilattan kendi isteğiyle ayrıldı. Korkut Eken ile abi kardeş, eski MİT müsteşarı ve korgeneral Mehmet Fuat Doğu ile baba-oğul ilişkisi içinde olduğu çeşitli kitaplarda belirtilmiştir.

Ölümü
Turgut Özal'ın MİT'i sivilleştirme projesinin başında olmasından ötürü öldürüldüğü şeklinde iddialar vardır. Amerikan silah firmalarının Türkiye temsilciliğini yapan bir şirkette çalışırken, 26 Eylül 1990 sabahı işine gitmek için yola çıktığında uğradığı suikastta yaşamını yitirdi. Evinin yakınlarında, belediye işçisi gibi giyinmiş kişilerin açtığı çapraz ateşin ortasında kalan Abas, olay yerinde öldü. Cinayeti Devrimci Sol üstlense de, Hiram Abas'ın cinayet faili halen bulunamamıştır.

Popüler kültürdeki yeri
Kurtlar Vadisi'ndeki eski karakterlerden Aslan Akbey'in (Aslan Amca-Dizideki gerçek adı: Abbas Ustaoğlu) Hiram Abas'ı temsil ettiği ileri sürülmektedir. Dizide Pala karakteri Aslan Akbey'i, gerçekte tıpkı Hiram Abas'ın suikaste uğradığı şekilde öldürmüştür.

Soner Yalçın, Hiram Abas'ın da içinde bulunduğu veya dolaylı olarak ilişkili olduğu gerçek olaylardan yola çıkarak 1999 yılında Bay Pipo adlı bir araştırma kitabı yazmıştır.

Kaynakça

1932 doğumlular
1990 yılında ölenler
İstanbul'da ölenler
Suikast sonucu ölen Türkler
Suikast sonucu ölen istihbaratçılar
İstanbul doğumlu devlet görevlileri
Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
Türk istihbaratçılar
Saint Joseph Fransız Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Millî İstihbarat Teşkilatı kişileri

Hiram Abas


Tadeusz Kowzan (9 de noviembre de 1922 - 11 de noviembre de 2010), fue un historiador y teórico comparatista de la literatura dramática, semiólogo del teatro. Fue profesor (1975-1992) de la Universidad de Caen (Francia), lugar en el que falleció. Muchas universidades europeas y americanas habían contado con su presencia, y fue conferencista en múltiples coloquios y congresos internacionales.

Resumen biográfico
Nació en Vilna, Lituania (por entonces la ciudad pertenecía a Polonia), en una familia de la nobleza polaca allí radicada. Tenía comenzados en 1939 los estudio de Lengua y Literatura Francesa (Filología Románica) en la Universidad de Vilna. Esto fue interrumpido por causa de la "despolonización" de esa región en Lituania, y de la Universidad; acciones iniciadas por la anexión soviética, y continuadas por la invasión alemana durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Tadeusz Kowzan participó entonces en la Resistencia, en las filas de la Armia Krajowa. Fue capturado por los "nazis" en 1943, y enviado a trabajos forzados en Alemania, de donde escapó para reanudar la lucha en su ciudad natal.

Finalizada la guerra, Kowzan retomó sus estudios en la Universidad Católica de Lublin y en la Universidad Jagellónica de Cracovia. Obtuvo un doctorado en la Universidad de Varsovia en 1963. Hizo estadías en París desde 1964 hasta 1968, como residente de la sucursal parisina de la Academia Polaca de la Ciencia, antes de establecerse en Francia en 1972; habiendo estado hasta entonces como profesor de la Universidad Nicolás Copérnico de Torun. Ejerció primeramente en Lyon, en un lapso que concluye en 1975; y continuadamente lo hizo en la Universidad de Caen, permaneciendo allí activo como Profesor Emérito, aún con su jubilación de 1992.

Es especialmente destacable en Caen la dirección de Tadeusz Kowzan en el Departamento de Literatura Francesa y Literatura Comparada.

Obra
Con sus estudios semiológicos en torno al teatro, Tadeusz Kowzan construyó una tipología de los signos teatrales y de los sistemas de signos, en un esfuerzo de codificación y descripción por categorías, que revitaliza analíticamente la actividad teatral, guarneciendo instrumentalmente la elaboración de textos para el teatro. En ellos conviene tomar en cuenta las diversas series comunicacionales que se emplean en las situaciones de escena. Por el encabalgamiento de esas series, y el análisis dentro de ellas, Kowzan así sumarizó los múltiples aspectos de esas situaciones: «Para ser más exactos diremos que el significado del signo de primer grado se encadena con el significante del signo de segundo grado, el significado de este último se encadena con el significante del signo de tercer grado, y así sucesivamente (fenómeno de connotación).»

Fuentes
Este artículo fue creado sobre la base del artículo Tadeusz_Kowzan de Wikipedia en Francés.

 El signo en el teatro. Introducción a la semiología del arte del espectáculo, capítulo de Kowzan en el Libro El teatro y su crisis actual; Monte Ávila, Caracas, 1986.

Véase también
 Semiótica estética
 Semiótica en el teatro
 Filología
 Literatura comparada
 Dramaturgia

Enlaces externos
 El signo en el teatro (Tramo en portugués de Tadeusz Kowzan, Instituto de Letras de la Univ. Fed. De Rio Grande Do Sul, BR)

Teoría literaria
Profesores de teatro de Polonia
Historiadores de la literatura
Comunicólogos
Semiólogos de Polonia
Alumnado de la Universidad de Varsovia
Alumnado de la Universidad Católica de Lublin
Nacidos en Vilna

Tadeusz Kowzan


Gemma Frisius (født Jemme Reinerszoon; 9. december 1508 , død 25. maj 1555), var en læge, matematiker, kartograf, filosof og instrumentmager. Han skabte vigtige globusser, forbedrede tidens matematiske instrumenter og anvendte matematik på nye måder i forbindelse med overvågning og navigation. Gemmas ringe er opkaldt efter ham.

Liv og gerning
Frisius blev født i Dokkum, Friesland (nutidige Holland), af fattige forældre, der døde, da han var ung. Han flyttede til Groningen og studerede senere i udlandet ved Leuvens Universitet (Louvain) i Belgien fra 1525. Han blev uddannet læge i 1536 og forblev ved Leuvens medicinske fakultet resten af sit liv, hvor han foruden undervisningen i medicin også underviste i matematik, astronomi og geografi. Hans ældste søn, Cornelius Gemma, redigerede et posthumt volumen af hans arbejde og fortsatte med at arbejde med ptolemaiske astronomiske modeller.

Producent af globusser

En af hans mest indflydelsesrige lærere i Leuven var Franciscus Monachus, som omkring 1527 havde udformet en berømt globus i samarbejde med Leuvens guldsmed Gaspar van der Heyden. Under ledelse af Monachus og med teknisk bistand fra Van der Heyden oprettede Frisius et værksted for at producere globusser og matematiske instrumenter, som blev rost for deres kvalitet og nøjagtighed af samtidige astronomer som Tycho Brahe. Af særlig berømmelse var en jordklode fra 1536 og den himmelske klode fra 1537. På den første af disse er Frisius betegnet som skaberen med teknisk assistance fra Van der Heyden og gravering af Gerardus Mercator, der var en elev af Frisius på dette tidspunkt. På den anden globus nævnes Mercator som medforfatter.

Triangulering

I 1533 beskrev han for første gang den metode til triangulering, der stadig anvendes i dag ved opmåling. Efter at have etableret en basislinje, for eksempel i dette tilfælde, byerne Bruxelles og Antwerpen, blev placeringen af andre byer, fx Middelburg, Gent osv. fastlagt, hvilken findes ved at tage en kompasretning fra hver ende af basislinjen og plotte hvor de to retninger krydser. Dette var kun en teoretisk præsentation af konceptet - på grund af topografiske begrænsninger er det umuligt at se Middelburg såvel fra Bruxelles som fra Antwerpen. Ikke desto mindre blev figuren snart kendt over hele Europa.

Tyve år senere, omkring 1553, var han den første til at beskrive, hvordan et præcist ur kunne bruges til at bestemme længdegrader. Jean-Baptiste Morin (1583-1656) troede ikke på, at Frisius metode til beregning af længdegrader ville fungere og bemærkede: "Jeg ved ikke, om djævelen vil lykkes med at udarbejde et skibskronometer, men det er dumhed for mennesket at prøve."

Frisius skabte eller forbedrede mange instrumenter, herunder Jakobsstaven, astrolabiet og de astronomiske ringe (også kendt som "Gemmas ringe"). Hans studerende omfattede Gerardus Mercator (som blev hans samarbejdspartner), Johannes Stadius, John Dee, Andreas Vesalius og Rembert Dodoens.

Død
Frisius døde i Leuven i en alder af 46 år. Ifølge en redegørelse fra hans søn, Cornelius, døde Gemma af nyresten, som han havde lidt af i mindst 7 år.

Hæder
Et månekrater er blevet opkaldt efter ham. Gualterus Arsenius, en videnskabelig instrumentmager i det 16. århundrede, var hans nevø.

Forfatterskab
 Cosmographia (1529) von Petrus Apianus, annotated by Gemma Frisius
 De principiis astronomiae et cosmographiae (1530)
 De usu globi (1530)
 Libellus de locorum describendorum ratione (1533)
 Arithmeticae practicae methodus facilis (1540)
 De annuli astronomici usu (1540)
 De radio astronomico et geometrico (1545)
 De astrolabio catholico (1556)

Noter

Litteratur
 N. Haasbroek: Gemma Frisius, Tycho Brahe and Snellius and their triangulations. Delft 1968.
 Robert Haardt: The globe of Gemma Frisius. Imago mundi, Bd. 9, 1952.
 W. Karrow: Mapmakers of the Sixteenth Century and Their Maps. Chicago 1993.
 G. Kish: Medicina, mensura, mathematica: The Life and Works of Gemma Frisius. Minneapolis 1967, sowie sein Artikel in Dictionary of Scientific Biography
 A. Pogo: Gemma Frisius, his method of determining longitude. In: Isis. Bd. 22, 1935, S.469-485.

Kartografer
Matematikere fra Nederlandene
Personer fra Dokkum
Instrumentmagere
Personer i reformationen

Gemma Frisius


Kuymak, Samsun'dan Ardahan'a yani Ordu, Giresun, Gümüşhane, Trabzon, Rize, Bayburt, Artvin, Çorum,KASTAMONU, Tokat, Amasya ve Erzurum'un Oltu, İspir ve Tortum ilçelerinde yaygın olan, Karadeniz Bölgesi'ne ait bir yemek. Gürcistan, Dağıstan, Azerbaycan ve Kafkasya'nın bazı bölgelerinde de çok popülerdir. Mısır unu, tereyağı ve genellikle minci adı verilen tuzlu çökelek (bazı yörelerde telli peynir veya su peyniri) kullanılarak yapılan mısır lapasının adıdır.

Kökenbilim
Eski Türkçe "kuyma" döküm (demir) ya da dökme ekmek, lavaş sözcükleri ile eşkökenlidir. Bu sözcük ayrışa, Moğolca "qoymag" katmer, gözleme sözcüğü ile de eşkökenlidir. Anadolu'nun başka yörelerinde peynir kullanılmadan hazırlanan arpa ve buğday lapalarını tanımlamak için de kullanılmaktadır. Trabzon'un orta kesimlerinde, Erzurum, Gümüşhane, Bayburt, Ardahan-Posof'ta ve Artvin'in iç kesimlerinde kuymak; Ordu, Tokat, Sivas, Giresun ve Trabzon'un batısında "yağlaş" (yağlı aş); Trabzon'un doğusu, Rize ve Artvin sahilinde muhlama; Çorum'da ise çökelekle yapılarak sündürüldüğü için sündürme denir. Tümü Türkçe olan bu adlandırmaların dışında, Trabzon'un Rumca konuşulan köylerinde ve Rize'nin Çamlıhemşin ilçesinde ise havits adıyla da bilinir. Tereyağı yerine kaymak kullanılarak hazırlanırsa Trabzon'da "yayla kuymağı" Rize'de hoşmerim olarak adlandırılmaktadır.

Mısır unu yerine bayat mısır ekmeğinin ufalanarak kullanılması durumunda ise yöresel ağızlara göre cumur, çumur ya da zumur olarak adlandırılmaktadır.

"Çürük" sözcüğü, kuymak olarak da adlandırılmaktadır; yemeğe peynirin konması aşamasına "peyniri çürütmek" ismiyle de adlandırılmaktadır.

Uygulanışı

Artvin usulü
İlk önce tencereye Artvin'e özgü kaymak konur. Kaymak yandıktan sonra yavaş yavaş mısır unu ilave edilir. Mısır unu ilave edildikten sona kaymakla beraber kavrulur ve bazen azar azar ılık su koyulur. Un kavuruldukça yavaş yavaş da yağ çıkmaya başlar. Sonra da tabağa konulup servis edilir.

Trabzon usulü
Yağ eritildikten sonra mısır unu ile biraz kavrulur. Yağ salınmaya başlayınca 'soğuk' su ilave edilir. Minzi peyniri ya da imansız peynir konulabilir. Kaynayınca karıştırma işlemi bırakılır. Orta ateşte fokurdayıp dibi kızarır ve yağ üstüne çıkınca kapatılır. Sıcak servis yapılır.

Rize usulü

Genişçe bir tavada tereyağı eritilip, mısır unuyla hafif kavrulur. Burada kullanılan mısır unu, balıkların kızartılırken kullandıkları mısır unundan daha kalınca öğütülmüş olandır. Ama diğeriyle de yapılabilir. Trabzon tereyağı kendine has reyhasıyla mısır ununu pembeleştirince kaynar su ilave edilir ve iyice karıştırılır. Bir süre sonra yağ kendini göstermeye başlar. Erzurum'a ait telli peynir ilave edilir ve kısa süre hızlıca karıştırılır.

Iğdır usulü
Tavaya yağ konularak eritilir. Eritilen yağa sarıkök (zerdeçal) ilave edilir. Diğer tarafta bir kap içerisinde hazırlanmış su, un, tuz karışımı erimiş yağın içine yavaş yavaş dökülüp hızlı hızlı karıştırılır. Pişince ateşten alınıp üstüne kepleme dökülür. Kepleme ise Nabat şekeri, tarçın, akkök, muğek ve karabiberden oluşan, İran'dan gelen bir karışımdır.

Ayrıca Bakınız

 Polenta (yemek)
 Rize muhlaması

Notlar

Iğdır mutfağı
Azeri mutfağı
Artvin mutfağı
Rize mutfağı
Trabzon mutfağı
Laz mutfağı

Kuymak


ABD'nin ulusal konuları ve yapısı üzerine bir gey hayali, iki bölümden oluşan Tony Kushner oyunu. Broadway (New York), Londra, San Francisco gibi pek çok şehirde sergilendi. Oyun, Mike Nichols yönetmenliğinde HBO mini serisi olarak ekrana aktarıldı; ayrıca bir operaya uyarlandı.

Konusu ve karakterler
1985 yılında New York'ta oturan Louis, sevgilisi Prior'la yaşayan nevrotik, eşcinsel bir Yahudidir. Prior, o zamanlar hakkında çok az şey bilmekte olan AIDS hastalığıyla mücadelenin erken evrelerindedir. Louis ise partnerinin hastalığı nedeniyle yoğun stres altındadır fakat stresiyle baş edememektedir ve Prior'ı terk etmiştir. Tüm bunlar olurken gizli eşcinsel, Mormon ve cumhuriyetçi yazman Joe akıl hocası, Roy'dan çok iyi bir iş teklifi almıştır. Joe, işi hemen kabul etmemiştir çünkü Brooklyn'e tutkun olan ve Washington'a gitmek istememiş olan Valium bağımlısı eşi Harper'dan endişe duymaktadır.
Prior'da bu zaman sürecinde kendinin bir elçi olduğunu ilan etmiş olan melekler ve hayaletler tarafından rahatsız edilmektedir. Joe ise inancı ile cinsel yönelimini bir arada yaşamak için çabalamaktadır. Louis de ideolojisi ve mutluluğunu tehdit etmekte olan çelişkileriyle yüzleşmektedir. (Prior'ı sevmesi fakat onun hastalığıyla yüzleşememesi, çok sevdiği ülkesi'nin homofobik siyasal ve sosyal yapısı, Joe ya olan sevgisinin Roy'un Joe'nun akıl hocası olduğunu öğrenmesiyle nefrete dönmesi). İlerleyen süreçte South Lake City'de tutucu bir Mormon olarak hayatını sürdüren Joe'nun annesi Hannah, New York şehrine Harper'a yardım için gelmiştir ve bir gün Prior'ın Joe ile başarısızlıkla sonuçlanan tanışma girişiminden sonra tesadüfen Prior'la Mormon ziyaretçi merkezinde o kişinin Prior olduğunu bilmeden tanışmıştır. Bu sırada gizli eşcinsel ve cumhuriyetçi bir avukat olan Roy ise örtbas etmek istediği hastalığı (Eşcinsel hastalığı olarak gördüğü AIDS) nedeniyle hastanede tedavi (AZT) altındadır. Refakatçileri ise Prior'ın en iyi arkadaşı olan ve hastanede kendisinin hastabakıcılığını yapan Belize ve Komünist Ethel Rosenberg'in hayaletidir.

Oyun kara mizahi, trajik ve eşsiz diyologlarla bezenmiştir.

Reagan dönemi yansıtılmıştır yani Amerika'nın muhafazakâr ve güçlü olmak konusunda büyük adımların atılması dönemi...

Hastalık, zıtlıklar, hayaller, politika, ihanet, din, mezhep, pişmanlık, bastırılmışlık, ırk ve seks ayrımcılığı, muhafazakârlık, özgürlük, hoşgörü/süzlük, yaşama bağlılık, güç, insanlık ve aldığı hal, adalet, affetmek ve affedilmek, bağımlılık, acizlik, kaçış ve değişim gibi insani kavramlar oyunda yorumlanmıştır ve tüm izleyenlerin eleştirebileceği düzeye indirgenmiştir.

Dizinin müzikleri Thomas Newman tarafından hazırlanmıştır. Angels in america hem sahne oyunu hem de TV Miniserisi olarak birçok ödül kazanmıştır (21 Emmy ödülü dahil olmak üzere).

Sahnede sergilenme süreci
İlk bölüm Millennium Approaches (Milenyum Yaklaşıyor) David Esbjornson yönetmenliğinde Eureka Theatre Company de 1991 yılının mayıs ayında San Francisco'da ilk kez sergilenmiştir. 1992 yılının ocak ayından itibaren de, Londra  Royal National Theatre da Declan Donnellan yönetimde bir sene süresince sahnelenmiştir.

İkinci bölüm olan Perestroika, Millennium Approaches sergilenirken, yazım aşamasındaydı. 1992 yılının kasım ayında da Perestroika Oskar Eustis and Tony Taccone yönetiminde sahnelerdeki yerini almıştır. Bir yıl sonra Londra'da iki bölüm birden sergilenmişir.

1993 yılının kasım ayında oyun bir bütün olarak Broadway Walter Kerr Theatre da sergilenmiştir.

Perestroika ve Millennium Approaches 1993 ve 1994 yıllarında arka arkaya Tony Awards'un sahibi oldular. Ayrıca her iki bölüm arka arkaya Drama Desk Ödülünün sahibi olmuştur.

Oyun bir bütün olarak sergilendiğinde yaklaşık yedi saat sürmektedir.

Millenium Approaches (ilk sergileme)
 Roy Cohn - Richard Frank
 Joe Pitt - Jeffrey King
 Harper Pitt - Lorri Holt
 Belize - Harry Waters Jr.
 Louis Ironson - Jon Matthews
 Prior Walter - Stephen Spinella
 Hannah Pitt - Kathleen Chalfant
 The Angel - Ellen McLaughlin

Millenium Approaches ve Perestroika (Angels in America ilk sergileme)
 Roy Cohn - Ron Leibman
 Joe Pitt - Jeffrey King
 Harper Pitt - Cynthia Mace
 Belize - K. Todd Freeman
 Louis Ironson - Joe Mantello
 Prior Walter - Stephen Spinella
 Hannah Pitt - Kathleen Chalfant
 The Angel - Ellen McLaughlin

Bölüm isimleri
Millennium Approaches
 1. bölüm: Bad News
 2. bölüm: In Vitro
 3. bölüm: The Messenger
Perestroika
 4. bölüm: Stop Moving
 5. bölüm: Beyond Nelly
 6. bölüm: Heaven, I'm In Heaven

Oyun ve kitabın ödülleri

Millennium Approaches
  1990 Fund for New American Plays - Kennedy Centre Ödülü
  1991 Bay Area Drama Critics Ödülleri - En İyi Oyun
  1991 National Arts Club - Joseph Kesselring Ödülü
  1992 London Evening Standard Ödülleri - En İyi Yeni Oyun
  1992 London Drama Critics Circle Ödülleri - En İyi Yeni Oyun
  1993 Drama Desk Ödülleri - En İyi Oyun
  1993 New York Drama Critics Circle Ödülleri - En İyi Oyun
  1993 Pulitzer Ödülü - Drama
  1993 Tony Ödülleri - En İyi Oyun

Perestroika
  1992 Fund for New American Plays - Kennedy Centre Ödülü
  1992 Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Ödülleri - En İyi Yeni Oyun
  1994 Tony Ödülleri - En İyi Oyun
  1994 Drama Desk Ödülleri - Sıradışı Oyun Ödülü

Dış bağlantılar
 Boun Library
 Internet Broadway Database sayfası
 Enotes sayfası
 Google Book Sayfası
 Time Sayfası

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri tiyatro oyunları
Pulitzer Ödülü alan oyunlar
Tony Kushner oyunları
Tony Ödülü kazanan oyunlar
HBO televizyon dizileri
Ethel ve Julius Rosenberg
1991 tiyatro oyunları

Angels in America (oyun)