Michael Gerard Tyson (popüler ismiyle Mike Tyson, 30 Haziran 1966), 1985-2005 yılları arasında kariyer yapmış eski bir Amerikalı profesyonel boksör. 1987'den 1990'a kadar, dünyanın tek ağır sıklet şampiyonu olarak hüküm sürdü; WBA, WBC ve IBF ödüllerini aynı anda alan ve bunları art arda birleştiren tek boksör oldu. Boks geçmişlerinde, tüm zamanların en asi oyuncusu olarak tanımlanmaktadır.

Aynı zamanda en genç ağır sıklet boks şampiyonu oldu. Rakibi olan Trevor Berbick'i 2. rauntta nakavt etmiştir. Mike Tyson 1988 yılında bir başka dev Larry Holmes'u da nakavt etmiştir. Çenesi çok sağlam ve hiç nakavt olmamış olan Larry Holmes, Mike Tyson karşısında 4 raunt dayanabildi. Yine 1988 yılında bir başka çenesi sağlam ve hiç yenilmemiş, nakavt olmamış Michael Spinks'i 1. rauntta nakavt etmiş ve galibiyet kazanmıştır. 1990'a kadar yaptığı 37 maçın tamamını kazanan Tyson, ilk mağlubiyeti 1990 yılında Buster Douglas ile yaptığı karşılaşmada aldı ve WBC, WBA, IBF kemerlerini kaybetti.

Aynı yıl, ABD Güzellik Kraliçesi'ne tecavüz olayı, Mike Tyson'ın skandallar zincirinin ilk ve en önemli halkasıydı. Bu suçlamadan 3 yıl hapis ile cezalandırılmıştır. Bu suçtan girdiği hapishanede Müslüman oldu ve Malik Abdülaziz ismini aldı. Cezası biter bitmez bir barda çıkardığı kavga yüzünden kendisini tekrar mahkemede buldu. Yumrukları kadar, yasa dışı olaylarıyla da anıldı. Dünya Boks Konseyi (WBC) ve Dünya Boks Birliği'nin (WBA) Ağır Sıklet Şampiyonluğu unvanlarını elde etti. 1996'da Holyfield'a yenilerek WBA unvanını kaptırdı.

1997'de Evander Holyfield ile yaptığı unvan maçının üçüncü raundunda rakibinin kulağını kopardığı gerekçesiyle diskalifiye edildi. İki yıl men cezası alan Tyson'ın Ohio eyaletinde ömür boyu boks yapması yasaklandı. Tyson, 1999 yılında tekrar ringlere döndü.

8 Haziran 2002'de Memphis'te, Lennox Lewis ile Mike Tyson arasında yapılan Dünya Ağır Sıklet Boks Şampiyonası karşılaşmasında kazanan taraf Lennox Lewis oldu. Lennox Lewis, karşılaşmada pek varlık gösteremeyen Tyson'ı sekizinci rauntta nakavtla yenerek Dünya Ağır Sıklet Boks Şampiyonu unvanını korudu.

Tyson, 2003 yılında, birkaç dövüşü maçından 30 milyon dolar ve kariyeri boyunca 300 milyon dolardan fazla para kazanmasına rağmen iflas ilan etti. O sırada medya, yaklaşık 23 milyon dolar borcu olduğunu bildirdi.

Tyson, vahşi ve korkutucu boks stilinin yanı sıra ringin içinde ve dışındaki tartışmalı davranışlarıyla da tanınıyordu. Tyson şu anda BoxRec'in tarihteki en büyük ağır sıkletler sıralamasında 14. sırada yer alıyor. The Ring dergisinin tüm zamanların en iyi 100 yumruk atan listesinde 16. sırada yer aldı ve ESPN'in "Ağır Sıklet Tarihindeki En Sert Vuranlar" listesinde birinci oldu. Sky Sports, onu "belki de profesyonel ringe adım atan en vahşi dövüşçü" olarak tanımladı. Uluslararası Boks Onur Listesi ve Dünya Boks Onur Listesi'ne alındı.

Mike Tyson, ağır sıklet için kısa bir boya sahip olmasına rağmen saldırgan dövüşüyle boksu seven sevmeyen birçok insanın ilgisini ve beğenisini çekmiştir.

Daha sonraki kariyeri, iflas ve emekliliği
2000 yılında Tyson, kendisi için çalışan herkesi kovdu ve yıla 3,3 milyon dolarlık bir borçla başladığını ancak 65,7 milyon dolar kazandığını gösteren bir açıklama hazırlayan yeni muhasebeciler görevlendirdi. Ağustos 2007'de Tyson, bir Arizona mahkemesinde uyuşturucu bulundurmaktan ve uyuşturucu etkisi altında araba kullandığını kabul etti; bu, Aralık ayında yetkililerin, uzun bir yasal sorunlar geçmişi olan Tyson'ın o gün kokain kullandığını ve uyuşturucu bağımlısı olduğunu kabul ettiğini söylediği bir tutuklamadan kaynaklandı.

Tyson'ın Las Vegas'ta antrenmandan ziyade partiye zaman ayırdığını ve yeni bir yüz dövmesi yaptırdığını söyledi.

Ağustos 2003'te, yıllarca süren mali mücadelelerden sonra, Tyson nihayet iflas başvurusunda bulundu.

13 Ağustos 2003'te Tyson, Sapp'ın Las Vegas'ta Kimo Leopoldo'ya karşı galibiyetinden hemen sonra K-1 dövüş fenomeni Bob Sapp'a karşı yüz yüze görüşmek için ringe girdi. K-1, ikisi arasında dövüş müsabakası olması umuduyla Tyson ile bir sözleşmeye imzaladı, ancak Tyson'ın suç geçmişi, dövüşün en kârlı olacağı Japonya'ya girmesi için vize almasını imkansız hale getirdi. Alternatif yerler tartışıldı, ancak sonuçta mücadele başarısız oldu.

30 Temmuz 2004'te Tyson, başka bir geri dönüş mücadelesinde İngiliz müslüman boksör Danny Williams ile karşı karşıya geldi ve maç Louisville, Kentucky'de gerçekleşti. Tyson ilk iki raundda hakimiyet kurdu. Üçüncü raundda durum eşitti. Williams bazı temiz vuruşlar yaptı ve ayrıca cezalandırıldığı birkaç kuraldışı vuruş yaptı. Dördüncü roundda, Tyson beklenmedik bir şekilde nakavt ile elendi. Dövüşten sonra, Tyson'ın ilk roundda diğer dizindeki bir bağı yırtılarak tek ayak üzerinde dövüşmeye çalıştığı ortaya çıktı. Bu, Tyson'ın kariyerindeki beşinci yenilgisiydi. Dövüşten dört gün sonra diz bağından ameliyat oldu. Menajeri Shelly Finkel, Tyson'ın dizinden sakatlandığı için sağ elinden güçlü yumruk atamadığını iddia etti.

11 Haziran 2005'te, boks dünyasını şok ederek, kariyerinde ilk defa, İrlandalı Kevin McBride ile yaptığı karşılaşmanın yedinci raundunda, ringden çekildi. Yaptığı son dört maçın üçünü kaybeden Tyson, boksu maça çıkmadan önce bırakma kararını verdiğini söyledi. Tyson, "Artık tükendim. Kalbimde boks yapma isteği ve cesareti kalmadı" dedi. 2008 belgeselinde Tyson, McBride ile ödemeleri için dövüştüğünü, kazanmayı beklemediğini, fiziksel durumunun kötü olduğunu ve boksu ciddiye almaktan bıktığını belirtti. Son dört dövüşünden üçünü kaybettikten sonra Tyson, spora olan tutkusunu kaybettiğini hissettiği için boksu bırakacağını söyledi.

Bokstan sonraki hayatı

3 Haziran 2005'te USA Today ile yayınlanan bir röportajda Tyson, "Tüm hayatım boşa gitti - başarısız oldum" dedi. Şöyle devam etti: "Sadece kaçmak istiyorum. Kendimden ve hayatımdan gerçekten utanıyorum. Bir misyoner olmak istiyorum. İnsanların beni ülke dışına kovduklarını bilmelerine izin vermeden onurumu koruyarak bunu yapabileceğimi düşünüyorum. Hayatımın bu kısmını bir an önce bitirmek istiyorum. Bu ülkede benden iyi bir şey gelmeyecek. İnsanlar beni o kadar yükseğe koydular ki; bu imajı yıkmak istedim." Tyson çok para harcamaya başlamış, Phoenix, Arizona yakınlarındaki lüks bir yerleşim bölgesi olan Paradise Valley'deki 350 güverciniyle ilgilenmektedir.

Tyson, çeşitli web sitelerini ve şirketleri tanıtarak ilgi odağı oldu. Tyson, Las Vegas'ta bir kumarhanede eğlence boks şovları düzenledi ve sayısız borcunu ödemek için bir sergi turu başlattı.

29 Aralık 2006'da Tyson, DUI ve ağır uyuşturucu bulundurma şüphesiyle Scottsdale, Arizona'da tutuklandı; bir gece kulübünden çıktıktan kısa bir süre sonra neredeyse bir polis aracına çarptı. Maricopa İlçesi Yüksek Mahkemesinde yayınlanan bir polisin olası neden beyanına göre, "[Tyson] bugün [uyuşturucu] kullandığını kabul etti ve bir bağımlı olduğunu ve bir sorunu olduğunu belirtti." Tyson, 22 Ocak 2007'de Maricopa İlçesi Yüksek Mahkemesinde, uyuşturucu bulundurma ve uyuşturucu madde bulundurma sayımları ve uyuşturucu etkisi altında araba kullanmanın iki kabahat sayımı nedeniyle suçsuz olduğunu iddia etti. 8 Şubat'ta uyuşturucu suçlamalarının yargılanmasını beklerken "çeşitli bağımlılıklarından" dolayı yatarak tedavi programına girdi.

24 Eylül 2007'de Tyson, kokain bulundurmaktan ve etki altında iken araç kullanmaktan suçlu bulundu. Kasım 2007'de bu suçlardan hüküm giydi ve 24 saat hapis cezasına çarptırıldı. Serbest bırakıldıktan sonra, üç yıl gözetim altında tutulması ve 360 saat toplum hizmeti görmesi emredildi. Savcılar bir yıl hapis cezası istemişlerdi, ancak hakim Tyson'ı uyuşturucu sorunlarıyla ilgili yardım istediği için övgüde bulundu. 11 Kasım 2009'da Tyson, Los Angeles Uluslararası Havalimanında bir fotoğrafçı ile tartışmaya girdikten sonra tutuklandı. Hiçbir suçlama yapılmadı.

Tyson, filmlerde ve televizyonda oyunculuk rolleri üstlenmiştir ve en ünlüsü 2009 yapımı The Hangover filminde kendisinin kurgusal bir versiyonunu oynamıştır.

Eylül 2011'de Tyson, eski Alaska valisi Sarah Palin hakkında ırklar arası cinsiyetin kaba ve şiddetli açıklamaları da dahil olmak üzere yorumlarda bulunduğu bir röportaj verdi. Bu yorumlar The Daily Caller web sitesinde yeniden basıldı. Gazeteci Greta van Susteren, Tyson ve The Daily Caller'ı "müstehcen" ve "kadına yönelik şiddet" olarak nitelendirdiği yorumlar nedeniyle eleştirdi.

Tyson, Las Vegas'ta tek kişilik bir gösteri yaptıktan sonra, film yönetmeni Spike Lee ile işbirliği yaptı ve gösteriyi Ağustos 2012'de Broadway'e getirdi. Şubat 2013'te Tyson, Mike Tyson: Undisputed Truth adlı tek kişilik şovunu 36 şehirde üç aylık bir ulusal tura çıktı. Tyson sahnede kişisel ve profesyonel hayatından bahsetti. Tek kişilik gösterisi 16 Kasım 2013'te HBO'da yayınlandı.

Ekim 2012'de Tyson, Mike Tyson Cares Vakfı'nı kurdu. Mike Tyson Cares Vakfı'nın misyonu, yıkık evlerden çocukların kapsamlı ihtiyaçlarını karşılayan yenilikçi merkezler sağlamak ve "çocuklara mücadele şansı" vermektir.

Ağustos 2013'te Tyson, bir boks promosyon şirketi olan Iron Mike Productions'ı kurmak için Acquinity Sports ile işbirliği yaptı.

Eylül 2013'te, Tyson, Fox Sports 1'de, Varlık: Mike Tyson adlı kişisel ve özel hayatını belgeleyen altı bölümlük bir televizyon dizisinde yer aldı.

Kasım 2013'te, The New York Times En Çok Satanlar listesinde yer alan Tyson'ın Tartışmasız Gerçeği yayınlandı. Altın Podyum Ödül Töreni'nde Tyson, en iyi otobiyografi dalında SPORTEL Özel Ödülü'nü aldı.

Mayıs 2017'de Tyson, antrenör ve vekil baba Cus D'Amato ile geçirdiği zamanı ayrıntılarıyla anlatan ikinci kitabı Iron Ambition'ı yayınladı.

Mike Tyson ile birlikte podcast Hotboxin'e ev sahipliği yapıyor.

12 Mayıs 2020'de Tyson, Instagram'da tekrar antrenman yaptığını gösteren bir video yayınladı. Videonun sonunda Tyson, "geri döndüm" diyerek boksa dönüşün işaretini verdi.

Tiki Lau, Ekim 2020'de Tyson'dan vokal içeren bir dans müziği single'ı Mike Tyson yayınladı.

Profesyonel boks Müsabakaları

|-in 2008 Mike Tyson Was In A Car Accident 1966 too 2008 at the age of 42
|align="center" colspan=8|50 Galibiyet (44 nakavt, 5 hakem kararı, 1 diskalifiye), 6 Yenilgi (5 nakavt, 1 diskalifiye), 0 Berabere, 2 Sonuçsuz
|-
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Sonuç
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Rakip
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Tip
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Zaman
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Tarih
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Yer
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notlar
|-align=center
|Yenildi
|50-6
|align=left| Kevin McBride
|TKO || 6 , 3.00
|2005-06-11 || align=left| Washington
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Yenildi
|50-5
|align=left| Danny Williams
|KO || 4 , 2.51
|2004-07-30 || align=left| Louisville, KY
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|50-4
|align=left| Clifford Etienne
|KO || 1 , 0.49
|2003-02-22 || align=left| Memphis, TN
|
|-align=center
|Yenildi
|49-4
|align=left| Lennox Lewis
|KO || 8 , 2.25
|2002-06-08 || align=left| Memphis, TN
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|49-3
|align=left| Brian Nielsen
|TKO || 7 , 3.00
|2001-10-13 || align=left|
|align=left|
|-align=center
|style="background: #dddddd"|NC
|48-3
|align=left| Andrew Gołota
|No contest || 3
|2000-10-20 || align=left| Auburn Hills, MI
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|48-3
|align=left| Lou Savarese
|TKO || 1 , 0.38
|2000-06-24 || align=left| Glasgow, Scotland
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|47-3
|align=left| Julius Francis
|TKO || 2 , 1.03
|2000-01-29 || align=left|
|
|-align=center
|style="background: #dddddd"|NC
|46-3
|align=left| Orlin Norris
|No contest || 1 , 3.00
|1999-10-23 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|46-3
|align=left| Francois Botha
|KO || 5 , 2.59
|1999-01-16 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|
|-align=center
|Yenildi
|45-3
|align=left|  Evander Holyfield
|Disqualification || 3
|1997-06-28 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Yenildi
|45-2
|align=left|  Evander Holyfield
|TKO || 11 , 0.37
|1996-11-09 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|45-1
|align=left| Bruce Seldon
|TKO || 1 , 1.49
|1996-09-07 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|44-1
|align=left| Frank Bruno
|TKO || 3 , 0.50
|1996-03-16 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|43-1
|align=left| Buster Mathis, Jr.
|KO || 3 , 2.32
|1995-12-16 || align=left| Philadelphia, PA
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|42-1
|align=left| Peter McNeeley
|TKO || 1 , 2.11
|1995-08-19 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|41-1
|align=left| Donovan Ruddock
|TKO || 4 , 2.49
|1991-06-28 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|40-1
|align=left| Donovan Ruddock
|TKO || 7 , 2.22
|1991-03-18 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|39-1
|align=left| Alex Stewart
|TKO || 1 , 2.27
|1990-12-08 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|38-1
|align=left| Henry Tillman
|KO || 1 , 2.47
|1990-06-16 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Yenildi
|37-1
|align=left| James Douglas
|KO || 10
|1990-02-11 || align=left| Tokyo, Japan
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|37-0
|align=left| Carl Williams
|TKO || 1 , 1.33
|1989-07-21 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|36-0
|align=left| Frank Bruno
|TKO || 5 , 2.55
|1989-02-25 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|35-0
|align=left| Michael Spinks
|KO || 1 , 1.31
|1988-06-27 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|34-0
|align=left| Tony Tubbs
|KO || 2 , 2.54
|1988-03-21 || align=left| Tokyo, Japan
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|33-0
|align=left| Larry Holmes
|KO || 4 , 2.55
|1988-01-22 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|32-0
|align=left| Tyrell Biggs
|TKO || 7 , 2.59
|1987-10-16 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|31-0
|align=left| Tony Tucker
|Decision  || 12
|1987-08-01 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|30-0
|align=left| Pinklon Thomas
|TKO || 6 , 2.00
|1987-05-30 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|29-0
|align=left| James Smith
|Decision  || 12
|1987-03-07 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|28-0
|align=left| Trevor Berbick
|KO || 2 , 2.35
|1986-11-22 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|align=left|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|27-0
|align=left| Alfonso Ratcliff
|TKO || 2 , 1.41
|1986-09-06 || align=left| Las Vegas, NV
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|26-0
|align=left| José Ribalta
|TKO || 10
|1986-08-17 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|25-0
|align=left| Marvis Frazier
|KO || 1 , 0.29
|1986-07-26 || align=left| Glens Falls, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|24-0
|align=left| Lorenzo Boyd
|KO || 2 , 1.43
|1986-07-11 || align=left| Swan Lake, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|23-0
|align=left| William Hosea
|KO || 1 , 2.03
|1986-06-28 || align=left| Troy, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|22-0
|align=left| Reggie Gross
|TKO || 1 , 2.36
|1986-06-13 || align=left| New York City, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|21-0
|align=left| Mitch Green
|Decision  || 10
|1986-05-20 || align=left| New York City, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|20-0
|align=left| James Tillis
|Decision  || 10
|1986-05-09 || align=left| Glens Falls, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|19-0
|align=left| Steve Zouski
|KO || 3 , 2.39
|1986-03-10 || align=left| Uniondale, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|18-0
|align=left| Jesse Ferguson
|TKO || 6 , 1.19
|1986-02-16 || align=left| Troy, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|17-0
|align=left| Mike Jameson
|TKO || 4 , 0.46
|1986-01-24 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|16-0
|align=left| David Jaco
|TKO || 1 , 2.16
|1986-01-11 || align=left| Albany, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|15-0
|align=left| Mark Young
|TKO || 1, 0.50
|1985-12-27 || align=left| Latham, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|14-0
|align=left| Sammy Scaff
|TKO || 1 , 1.19
|1985-12-06 || align=left| New York City, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|13-0
|align=left| Conroy Nelson
|TKO || 2
|1985-11-22 || align=left| Latham, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|12-0
|align=left| Eddie Richardson
|KO || 1, 1.17
|1985-11-13 || align=left| Houston, TX
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|11-0
|align=left| Sterling Benjamin
|TKO || 1, 0.54
|1985-11-01 || align=left| Latham, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|10-0
|align=left| Robert Colay
|KO || 1 , 0.37
|1985-10-25 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|9-0
|align=left| Donnie Long
|TKO || 1 , 1.28
|1985-10-09 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|8-0
|align=left| Michael Johnson
|KO || 1 , 0.39
|1985-09-05 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|7-0
|align=left| Lorenzo Canady
|KO || 1 , 1.05
|1985-08-15 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|6-0
|align=left| Larry Sims
|KO || 3 , 2.04
|1985-07-19 || align=left| Poughkeepsie, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|5-0
|align=left| John Alderson
|TKO || 2
|1985-07-11 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|4-0
|align=left| Ricardo Spain
|KO || 1 , 0.39
|1985-06-20 || align=left| Atlantic City, NJ
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|3-0
|align=left| Don Halpin
|KO || 4
|1985-05-23 || align=left| Albany, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|2-0
|align=left| Trent Singleton
|TKO || 1
|1985-04-10 || align=left| Albany, NY
|
|-align=center
|Kazandı
|1-0
|align=left| Hector Mercedes
|TKO || 1 , 0.08
|1985-03-06 || align=left| Albany, NY
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Filmografi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Mike Tyson's career boxing record from Boxrec.com
 Mike Tyson's Amateur Boxing Record
 Joyce Carol Oates on Mike Tyson, 1986-1997
 Haziran 2005 SI Tyson Retrospective foto galerisi

1966 doğumlular
Brooklyn doğumlular
Amerikalı boksörler
Amerikalı veganlar
Afrikalı Amerikalı sporcular
Afrikalı Amerikan Müslümanlar

Müslüman olanlar

Bipolar bozukluğu olan kişiler
Yaşayan insanlar
Amerikalı erkek profesyonel güreşçiler
Uyuşturucu suçlarından hüküm giymiş kişiler
Afrikalı Amerikalı boksörler
Afrikalı Amerikalı erkek profesyonel güreşçiler
Amerikalı otobiyograflar
Amerikalı erkek boksörler
Amerikalı erkek seslendirme sanatçıları
Amerikalı tutuklular ve hükümlüler
Uluslararası Boks Federasyonu şampiyonları
Uluslararası Şöhretli Boksörler Salonu üyeleri
Bernardsville, New Jersey doğumlular
Brooklyn doğumlu sporcular
Las Vegas doğumlu sporcular
Dünya Boks Birliği şampiyonları
Dünya Boks Konseyi şampiyonları
Dünya ağır siklet boks şampiyonları
Brooklyn doğumlu yazarlar
WWE Hall of Fame
BBC Yılın Denizaşırı Sporcusu Ödülü sahipleri

Mike Tyson


Mizeria este o salată de castraveți din bucătăria poloneză, servită în mod tradițional cu mâncăruri la carne și pește. Numele se bazează, probabil, pe cuvântul francez misère, care ar exprima o anumită condescendență ironică, adusă acestui fel de mâncare simplu de către nobilimea poloneză .

Mizeria este preparată din castraveți feliați, care sunt condimentați cu sare, piper, zahăr și eventual nucșoară și apoi servită cu smântână (śmietana). Într-o altă variantă, feliile de castravete sunt blanșate, sărate și apoi adăugate la o marinadă de oțet, piper, zahăr și cuișoare. De multe ori se adaugă în Mizeria chiar și mărar, rar arpagic sau pătrunjel.

Literatură

 Maria Lemnis, Henryk Vitry, W veopolopoliej kuchni i przy polskim stole , Varșovia 1986.

Legături externe

Bucătăria poloneză

Mizeria


Als Otalgie ( [Gen. ] "Ohr" und  "Schmerz") bezeichnet man in der Medizin Ohrenschmerzen verschiedener – auch unbekannter – Ursache. Die Otalgie ist das Leitsymptom aller entzündlichen Erkrankungen des Mittelohrs und des äußeren Ohres. Man unterscheidet zwischen primärer und sekundärer Otalgie. Ohrenschmerzen werden durch den Plexus tympanicus über den Nervus glossopharyngeus vermittelt. Auch der Nervus vagus ist in Trommelfellnähe beteiligt.

Primäre Otalgie
Primäre Otalgien entstehen durch Erkrankungen oder Verletzungen des Ohres.

Otitis media
Unter einer Otitis media versteht man die Mittelohrentzündung, die wiederum in die akute Mittelohrentzündung und die chronische Mittelohrentzündung unterteilt wird.

Otitis media acuta
Die akute Mittelohrentzündung kann serös oder eitrig verlaufen. Es handelt sich um eine schmerzhafte, in der Regel durch virale oder bakterielle Infektion verursachte Entzündung der Schleimhäute des Mittelohrs.

Klinisch wird die akute Mittelohrentzündung mit den Sonderformen Scharlach-Otitis, Masern-Otitis und Grippe-Otitis von der chronischen Mittelohrentzündung (Otitis media chronica) unterschieden.

Mastoiditis
Die Mastoiditis ist eine Komplikation der akuten Mittelohrentzündung, die ebenfalls Otalgien hervorruft. Unter einer Mastoiditis versteht man eine akute Entzündung im Warzenfortsatz (Processus mastoideus) des Schläfenbeines mit Knocheneinschmelzung.

Gradenigo-Syndrom

Das Gradenigo-Syndrom (Syn. Lannois-Gradenigo-Syndrom, Pyramidenspitzensyndrom, englisch Gradenigo's triad) ist Folge einer infektiösen Entzündung der Zellen der Felsenbeinpyramide (Petrositis). Das Syndrom ist eine seltene Komplikation der akuten Mittelohrentzündung.

Otitis externa
Die Otitis externa (lat. "Außenohrentzündung") ist eine Entzündung des äußeren Ohres, vor allem des äußeren Gehörganges, in weiterem Sinne auch der Ohrmuschel.
Einer Phlegmone, bzw. dem Gehörgangsekzem des Gehörganges (Otitis externa diffusa) wird der Gehörgangsfurunkel (Otitis externa circumscripta) gegenübergestellt. Eine besonders schwere Form der Gehörgangsentzündung ist die Otitis externa maligna (progredient nekrotisierende Otitis).

Seromukotympanon
Das Seromukotympanon entsteht aus einer Ansammlung nicht eitriger Flüssigkeit unterschiedlicher Viskosität in den Mittelohrräumen infolge einer Tubenfunktionsstörung, beispielsweise durch den Verschluss der Tube durch ein Adenoid.

Sekundäre Otalgie
Bei einer sekundären Otalgie kann es sich um Schmerzen handeln, die über sensorische Fasern des Nervus trigeminus, Nervus facialis, Nervus glossopharyngeus, Nervus vagus sowie die zweite und dritte Zervikalwurzel (C2, C3 der Halswirbelsäule) in die Ohrregion fortgeleitet werden.

Perichondritis
Als Ohrmuschelperichondritis wird eine Entzündung der Knorpelhaut der Ohrmuschel bezeichnet, die Ohrenschmerzen verursacht.

Traumata

Trommelfellverletzung
Mit harten Gegenständen kann eine direkte Verletzung (Perforation) des Trommelfells entstehen, die mit einer Otalgie einhergeht. Die Verletzung kann durch einen Schlag aufs Ohr oder eine Explosion entstehen, wodurch eine indirekte Trommelfellzerreißung (Ruptur) resultiert. Auch eine Mittelohrentzündung, ein Barotrauma oder ein Schädelbruch können eine Verletzung des Trommelfells bewirken.

Schädelbasisfraktur
Ein Schädelbasisbruch entsteht durch eine starke Gewalteinwirkung im Kopfbereich und ist eine lebensbedrohliche Verletzung. Eine Otalgie kann vor allem durch die otobasale (Ohr und Schädelbasis) oder laterobasale Fraktur entstehen.

Peritonsillarabszess
Bei einem Peritonsillarabszess handelt es sich um eine Abszessbildung zwischen der Gaumenmandel und dem Musculus constrictor pharyngis. Er kann als Komplikation einer Angina lacunaris auftreten. Die Patienten haben eine kloßige Sprache und klagen über stechende Ohrenschmerzen.

Neuralgien

Zoster oticus
Zoster oticus bezeichnet einen Befall des Gehörgangs und/oder der Ohrmuschel durch das Varizella-Zoster-Virus (VZV), auch als Humanes-Herpes-Virus-3 (HHV-3) bezeichnet ("Gürtelrose"), das eine Otalgie auslöst.

Trigeminusneuralgie

Die Trigeminusneuralgie ist ein extrem schmerzhafter Reizungszustand des fünften Hirnnerven, des Nervus trigeminus, der das Gesicht und den Kopfbereich mit drei Ästen, dem Augenast, dem Oberkieferast und dem Unterkieferast, versorgt und auch eine Otalgie auslösen kann.

Neuralgien des Nervus auriculotemporalis

Psychosomatische Otalgie
Psychogene Otalgien können nach Ausschluss somatischer Ursachen Teil einer Depression und/oder Somatisierungsstörung sein. In einer Untersuchung von Minnigerode
beklagen 17 % depressiver Patienten Kopf- und Ohrenschmerzen mit Schwindel und Tinnitus.

Tumoren

Hypopharynxkarzinom

Die Symptome eines Hypopharynxkarzinoms sind meist uncharakteristisch, beispielsweise unklare Schluckbeschwerden, Globussyndrom, übler Mundgeruch oder ein "Kratzen im Hals". Diese Beschwerden können allerdings auch viele andere Ursachen haben. Spätsymptome sind Schluckunfähigkeit, Spucken von Blut, bis in die Ohren ausstrahlende Schmerzen und Halslymphknotenmetastasen.

Kiefergelenksarthropathie
Kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion (Craniomandibuläre Dysfunktion, CMD) ist ein Überbegriff für strukturelle, funktionelle, biochemische und psychische Fehlregulationen der Muskel- oder Gelenkfunktion der Kiefergelenke. Diese Fehlregulationen können schmerzhaft sein. Aus diesem Befund resultieren die Diagnosen Okklusopathie, Myopathie und Arthopathie.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ohrkrankheit

Otalgie


În astronomie, o stea albă din secvența principală este o stea de tip spectral A și de clasă de luminozitate V.

Acest tip de stele nu trebuie confundat cu piticele albe, care sunt reziduuri de stele, cu masă mică.

Caracteristici
Stelele albe din secvența principală, cum le indică numele, sunt stele din secvența principală (clasa de luminozitate V în clasificarea MKK), a căror energie provine din fuziunea hidrogenului lor în heliu.

De tipul A în clasificarea Harvard, spectrul lor posedă linii de hidrogen destul de intense, cât și linii de metale ionizate. Temperatura suprafeței lor variază între 7.100 și 9.750 K, iar masa lor între 1,5 și 3 mase solare.

Exemple
 Sirius A
 Vega

Vezi și
 Secvența principală
 Clasificarea stelelor

Stea albă din secvența principală


Energia regenerabilă din Albania cuprinde energia de biomasă, geotermică, hidraulică, solară și cea eoliană. Albania se bazează în special pe hidroelectricitate, astfel, țara va avea de suferit în momentul în care nivelul apelor este redus. Clima Albaniei este una mediteraneană, favorizând producerea de energie solară. Relieful muntos oferă areale ideale pentru amplasarea turbinelor eoliene.

Energie hidraulică
Sursa principală de electricitate din Albania este furnizată în principal de centralele hidroelectrice, cu toate acestea, nu sunt constant fiabile, nivelul apelor fluctuând permanent. Verbund, o companie austriacă, și Albania au semnat un contract prin care urma să se construiască Hidrocentrala Ashta în 2012. Se estimează că energia produsă de aceasta va fi distribuită la aproximativ 100.000 de locuințe.

Energie solară
Programul Națiunilor Unite pentru Dezvoltare finanțează un proiect de instalare a panourilor solare în Albania. Programul a folosit 2,75 miliarde de $ pentru instalarea a 75.000 m2   de panouri solare. Până în 2010, 10,700m2  dintre panouri au fost amplasate, iar în 2014 obiectivul a fost atins. În 2015 sunt așteptați încă 50,000m2 de panouri. Albania are parte de 2100-2700 de ore însorite în fiecare an, având astfel condiții favorabile pentru producerea de energie solară. Aceasta poate fi utilizată pentru încălzirea și iluminarea locuințelor, clădirilor publice și private.

Energie eoliană
Albania este prielnică pentru producerea energiei eoliene, însă tehnologia necesară nu a fost deocamdată implementată. Cu toate acestea, există proiecte în desfășurare care au în vedere dezvoltarea acestei ramuri de producere a energiei regenerabile în următorii ani. Vântul produce energie mecanică cu ajutorul turbinelor, astfel unele regiuni sunt mai promițătoare decât altele. Zonele de coastă și regiunile din estul, sudul și nordul Albaniei reprezintă potențiale locații pentru amplasarea turbinelor eoliene. Există însă și anumite criterii ce trebuie luate în considerare, precum altitudinea, accesibilitatea, infrastructura, existența zonelor protejate, rețelele de energie electrică. Viteza vântului este de 8-9 m/s în majoritatea Albaniei. Excesul de energie produsă în acest fel ar putea fi exportat spre Italia.

Energie geotermică
Producerea acestui tip de energie regenerabilă necesită prezența surselor de apă încălzită din subteran. Albania posedă astfel de izvoare, însă există regiuni numite "hotspot-uri" care au o activitate mai intensă, producând mai multă căldură decât altele. Această căldură ce este cedată apei este produsă de Pământ. La granița Albaniei cu Grecia se găsesc astfel de izvoare formate natural. Energia geotermică va putea fi folosită pentru încălzirea locuințelor, dar deocamdată este încă cercetată și nu s-a încercat exploatarea ei.

Legislație și petiții
Legea sectorului energetic Nr.9073, adoptată în 2004, oferă permisiunea de a se construi noi centrale hidroelectrice.

Legea concesionării Nr.9663, adoptată în 2006, atrage fonduri de la investitori privați pentru centralele hidroelectrice.

Albania a lansat o taxă în 2007 pentru hidrocentralele existente și cele ce vor urma să fie construite.

Modelul pieței de energie electrică a fost aprobat în anul 2008. Acesta facilitează tranzacțiile dintre producătorii independenți  de energie și producătorii mici de energie. Permite producătorilor să vândă electricitate pe toate piețele în termeni conveniți. Clienții non-casnici pot deveni consumatori eligibili și își pot alege furnizorii de energie. Astfel energia regenerabilă poate fi accesată mai ușor.

Vedeți și

 Energia regenerabilă
 Energia electrică în România

Referințe

Legături externe

Albania
Energie regenerabilă
Energie după țară

Energia regenerabilă în Albania


L'architecture coloniale américaine — métonymie pour architecture coloniale américaine — désigne essentiellement cinq styles bien distincts de l'ère coloniale (c'est-à-dire jusqu'à la guerre d'Indépendance) : le style post-médiéval anglais, les styles coloniaux néerlandais, français et espagnol, et le style georgien.

Aperçu

L'architecture des Treize colonies porte l'empreinte des techniques et des styles d'Europe occidentale à l'Époque moderne. En Nouvelle Angleterre, les maisons coloniales remontant au  étaient essentiellement en bois, avec une structure inspirée de celle des comtés du sud-est de l'Angleterre. Les constructions sommaires de Nouvelle-Angleterre se divisent en deux catégories : le chalet dit saltbox (salière) et les chalets en planches du Cape Cod, où les Pères Pèlerins se sont établis.

Les chalets dits en saltbox se caractérisent par un toit à double pente : une forte inclinaison de la toiture en façade, couvrant deux étages, et une inclinaison moindre à l'arrière, retombant sur une extension du rez-de-chaussée. La cheminée se trouve au centre et permet de distribuer la chaleur dans la plupart des pièces : ces constructions frustes et robustes étaient à la portée des outils des premiers colons.

Les maisons du style Cape Cod, à plan rectangulaire, sont les plus courantes au début du XVIIe siècle parmi les colons de Nouvelle Angleterre. Les premières maisons de la vallée de l'Hudson, de Long Island et du nord du New Jersey reflètent un type de construction courant à l'époque aux Pays-Bas et dans les Flandres : le mélange de pierre et de brique s'y démarque nettement des chalets en bois de Cape Cod. Dans le Maryland, la Virginie, et les Carolines, on retrouve un style différent, dit Southern Colonial, qui se caractérise par de grandes cheminées s'élevant au centre des deux pignons : d'une part, des maisons dont le rez-de-chaussée comporte deux pièces (vestibule et salle principale) ; d'autre part, des maisons à couloir central. Dans la Vallée du Delaware, les colons suédois ont introduit le chalet en rondins. Par la suite (après 1681), un style parfois appelé « colonial de Pennsylvanie » est apparu, qui incorpore des influences de l'architecture géorgienne ; quant au style Pennsylvania Dutch, apporté par les immigrants alémaniques du  adeptes de l'anabaptisme, il subsiste dans certaines vallées du sud-est de la Pennsylvanie.

Les autres constructions anciennes des États-Unis reflètent les traditions architecturales des autres puissances coloniales actives en Amérique du Nord : le style de Louisiane est désigné comme « colonial français » ; le style  colonial espagnol (Floride, Louisiane, Nouveau Mexique, Texas, Arizona et Californie) rappelle plusieurs motifs de la Renaissance en Espagne et de l'architecture baroque vivace au Mexique ; in the United States it is found in .

Classification
Le style colonial primitif (First Period) désigne celui des premiers foyers de Jamestown (Virginie) (1607), de Plymouth (Massachusetts) (1620) et des autres colonies britanniques le long de la côte. Un exemple de cette architecture est la maison de Paul Revere à Boston.

Ces constructions comportent une toiture à pente raide, de petites fenêtres à la française aux carreaux cloisonnés au plomb (à cause de la rareté du verre dans les colonies), une imposante cheminée et, pour les demeures les plus luxueuses, une abondante ornementation.

Le style colonial français

Ce style s'est épanoui en Nouvelle-France mais, compte tenu de l'étendue des territoires concernés et de la variété des climats, il est loin de constituer une unité. Pour les constructions en pierre du Canada, les autorités du XVIIe et du XVIIIe siècle se sont efforcées de respecter les canons de l'architecture classique ; mais la grande majorité des postes de traite et des missions comportaient des édifices en charpente. Deux officiers anglais ont laissé une description de la chapelle établie par le P. Racle parmi les Abénaquis aux confins de l'Acadie.

Les plus anciennes maisons de la vallée du Mississippi sont dites à poteaux-en-terre : elles comportent un toit en croupe couvrant un péristyle fait de poteaux en bois de cèdre fichés dans le sol, et formant un porche adapté au climat continental.

Vers 1770, l'architecture française a évolué vers le style briquette-entre-poteaux typique des quartiers historiques de la Nouvelle-Orléans et ailleurs en Louisiane. Elle comportaient une porte à double battant et persiennes, un toit en croupe à pente brisée et des lucarnes.

Le style colonial espagnol

Éclos dans les premières colonies des Antilles et du Mexique, le style colonial espagnol se manifeste pour la première fois aux Etats-Unis à Saint Augustine, la plus vieille ville du pays, fondée en 1565. L'habitation de base en Floride espagnole était une maison en planches, pavillon d'une seule pièce couvert de chaume. La pierre de construction locale, la coquina, est une lumachelle dont l'emploi remonte à 1598 et a continué d'être utilisé jusque dans les années 1930. On a retrouvé des carrières de coquina sur l'île Anastasia : ce matériau a permis la construction du Castillo de San Marcos, du Fort Matanzas, de la cathédrale-basilique de Saint Augustine. Pour le dallage, on étalait un béton de coquillage, mêlant chaux, coquilles, cendres et sable. Au XVIIIe siècle, les foyers les plus modestes étaient faits de coquillages hourdis à la chaux. Souvent à deux étages, les maisons comportaient une vaste entrée dont la fraicheur rendait supportable le climat tropical de la Floride.

À travers le Sud-Ouest, ce style s'est mâtiné au contact de l'architecture des Pueblos indigènes. Dans la province de Haute-Californie (l'actuelle Californie), compte tenu de l'absence de pierre de taille et du manque de maçons, ce style s'est dépouillé pour permettre l'établissement des missions entre 1769 et 1823 : les ranchos de Californie étaient faits de briques en torchis.

Le style colonial néerlandais

Cette architecture est apparue vers 1630 avec la fondation de La Nouvelle-Amsterdam et la colonisation néerlandaise de la Vallée de l'Hudson et du comté de Bergen, dans l'actuel New Jersey. Au début, les colons n'ont construit que de petits pavillons en pierre d'une seule pièce, à toit en mansarde pour y aménager un grenier ; puis à La Nouvelle-Amsterdam dès 1670, les maisons à pignon avec un étage se multiplient.

Dans les régions rurales plus reculées, la ferme flamande a évolué vers une maison longue à pignons rectangulaires aux extrémités. Vers 1720, le toit en mansarde, prolongé d'un avant-toit en façade pour préserver le mortier de glaise de l'appareil en pierre et des fondations, était intégré au style anglais primitif.

Le Comté de Monmouth, dans le centre du New Jersey, a conservé plusieurs exemples d'une variante, dite architecture anglo-flamande. Les maisons de ce style se reconnaissent à la présence d'une pièce plus ancienne, de style flamand, agrandie par des éléments de style géorgien : ainsi la maison Hankinson–Moreau–Covenhoven, la maison Holmes-Hendrickson et d'autres édifices du Parc d'état du champ de bataille de Monmouth.

L'architecture virginienne

La Baie de Chesapeake a été la première zone de colonisation britannique en Amérique du Nord. Le type de maison le plus courant, en pierre ou en bois, parmi ces premiers colons, de 1607 jusqu'à la défaite de la Couronne d'Angleterre en 1776, ne comporte qu'une pièce qui affecte, comme l'a reconnu dans les années 1930 le géographe Fred Kniffen (Université d'État de Louisiane), un plan caractéristique « en I. » La cheminée de ces maisons, divisant le pignon, est tantôt intérieure, tantôt extérieure. L'influence académique, si elle saute aux yeux, n'a en fait jamais dominé le patrimoine bâti.

Le meilleur exemple d'architecture Mid-Atlantic reste le manoir Hammond–Harwood à Annapolis (Maryland) (1774) : cette demeure est calquée sur la villa Pisani à Montagnana, l'un des chefs-d'œuvre d'Andrea Palladio (1570). Son architecte, William Buckland l'a adaptée avec beaucoup d'à-propos au climat subtropical de la Baie de Chesapeake.

Le style colonial géorgien

Les manoirs géorgiens, populaires sous les règnes de George II et de George III, sont typiquement des constructions en brique à contreventement en bois, ceintes de poteaux en bois peints en blanc ; mais dans la Virginie coloniale, ils se mélangeaient aux maisons rectangulaires à simple bardage en bois, parfois vernis pour les démarquer, par leur teinte jaune pâle caractéristique, des autres édifices. La plupart avaient plusieurs cheminées. L'architecture géorgienne est une évolution de l'architecture classique qui doit beaucoup aux innovations introduites par Christopher Wren, concepteur du Wren Building à Williamsburg.

La maison géorgienne comporte ordinairement un salon, une salle à manger et parfois une pièce commune ; les chambres sont à l'étage. La cheminée (il y en a parfois même deux) peut atteindre de grandes proportions.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Architecture coloniale
 Architecture coloniale néerlandaise

Liens externes
 Wells-Thorn House (Deerfield, Massachusetts)
 À propos de l'habitat colonial
 Exemples de maisons de style colonial sur Colonial Williamsburg, (Virginie)
 Exemples de maisons de style colonial sur Colonial Salem (Massachusetts)
 Restauration d'une maison coloniale de Virginie
 Colonial House PBS series.
 Histoire de l'architecture du Massachusetts
 Colonial Hardware - architectural hardware style during colonial era

Colonialisme
Amerique

Architecture de l'Amérique coloniale


بلدية ريلينارس (بالكاتالانية: Rellinars) هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة برشلونة، والتي تقع في منطقة كاتالونيا، شرق إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 658 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

مراجع

بلديات في مقاطعة برشلونة
بلديات في فالس أوكيدنتل

ريلاينارس


Urosticte é um gênero de aves apodiformes pertencente à família dos troquilídeos, que inclui os beija-flores. O gênero possui duas espécies, anteriormente consideradas coespecíficas, que se encontram distribuídas restritamente em florestas tropicais e subtropicais úmidas próximas à encostas andinas no nordeste da América do Sul. As duas espécies representantes do gênero são, vernaculamente, denominadas como beija-flores-de-ponta-branca ou colibris-de-pontas-brancas, existindo as subdivisões oriental e ocidental.

Sistemática e taxonomia
Esse gênero foi descrito primeiramente na década de 1850, estando originalmente classificada dentro do gênero Trochilus, com sua espécie U. benjamini sendo nomeada pelo ornitólogo francês Jules Bourcier. Pouco tempo após a descrição original, John Gould, conhecido por suas contribuições para a história natural dos beija-flores, decidiu, em uma iniciativa para classificar com mais detalhes a taxonomia destas aves, reclassificar a espécie dentro de um gênero monotípico, Urosticte, tornando a taxonomia de Lineu obsoleta. Depois, o mesmo naturalista incluiria as espécies, U. ruficrissa e U. intermedia, nomeadas por George Newbold Lawrence e Władyslaw Taczanowski. Posteriormente, o gênero retornaria ao seu estatuto de monotipo, com a ruficrissa sendo rebaixada para subespécie, bem como intermedia. Com isso, benjamini se tornaria uma espécie-tipo com várias subespécies. A descrição original foi realizada através da análise de holótipos taxidermados coletados pelo próprio Bourcier na província de Pichincha, ao norte do Equador.

Conforme as definições reconhecidas pelo Comitê Ornitológico Internacional (COI), esse gênero é constituído por duas espécie sem táxons subordinados, ou seja, não existem subespécies, onde uma das espécies, benjamini, atua como espécie-tipo. Essa situação também pode ser observada na taxonomia de Clements e no Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW), pela BirdLife International. De acordo com o que foi proposto pelo South American Classification Committee, reconhece-se apenas as duas espécies U. benjamini e U. ruficrissa, respectivamente; e trata-se U. intermedia, como uma espécie de sinônimo da primeira espécie. Esse também é o caso das subespécies propostas: U. benjamini benjamini e U. benjamini rostrata.

Etimologicamente, o nome que descreve o gênero é oriundo da combinação de dois termos em grego antigo, sendo ουρά, ourá, literalmente "cauda"; e στικτός, stiktos, significando "marcado". Por sua vez, seu descritor específico benjamini caracteriza a contraparte em latim de Benjamin Leadbeater, filho de John Leadbeater. Outro descritor específico, ruficrissa, se trata de uma amálgama dos termos rufus, que significa "vermelho" adicionado de outro termo, crissum, literalmente "anca", em referência à plumagem em torno da cloaca. As duas etimologias das subespécies propostas são, respectivamente: intermedia, significando "intermediário" ou, em sentido mais amplo, "aquilo que está no meio"; e, por último, rostrata, significando "em forma de bico" ou "enganchado".

Espécies

 Urosticte benjamini (Bourcier, 1851), beija-flor-de-ponta-branca-ocidental — espécie-tipo, pode ser encontrada na região andina da Colômbia ocidental e noroeste do Equador
 Urosticte ruficrissa (Lawrence, 1864), beija-flor-de-ponta-branca-oriental — pode ser encontrada na encosta andina do centro-sul da Colômbia, ao Equador e norte do Peru

Ligações externas

 Urosticte benjamini no Avibase
 Urosticte ruficrissa no Avibase
 Integrated Taxonomy Information System

Géneros de beija-flor
Troquilídeos
Aves da América do Sul
Urosticte

Urosticte


إحدى بلديات ولاية تيارت الجزائرية التابعة لدائرة عين كرمس.

مصادر

 دائرة عين كرمس - الموقع الرسمي لولاية تيارت

بلديات ولاية تيارت

مادنة


Katy Caro (n. 14 de julio de 1984) es una actriz pornográfica húngara.

Biografía
Su carrera como actriz porno comenzó en 2004, la mayoría de sus producciones son para 21st Sextury y Private, más específicamente para DPF y AHF.

Desde sus inicios es habitual verla en escenas de sexo anal.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Actrices pornográficas de Hungría

Katy Caro


Nopyllus isabelae est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Prodidomidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique de l'État de São Paulo au Brésil. Elle se rencontre vers Botucatu.

Description
Le mâle holotype mesure

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite sous le protonyme Apopyllus isabelae par Brescovit et Lise en 1993. Elle est placée dans le genre Nopyllus par Ott en 2014.

Étymologie
Cette espèce est nommée en l'honneur d'Isabela Maria Piovesan Rinaldi.

Publication originale
 Brescovit & Lise, 1993 : « Novas espécies e ocorrências de aranhas dos gêneros Apodrassodes e Apopylus [sic] (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). » Biociências, , , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Prodidomidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique de l'État de São Paulo

Nopyllus isabelae


«Better Off Alone» es una canción de la agrupación neerlandesa de eurodance Alice DeeJay, lanzada como su primer sencillo en el año 1999, incluido en su álbum debut Who Needs Guitars Anyway? editado en el 2000.

Contenido
"Do you think you're better off alone?" (¿crees que es mejor estar solo?) es la frase inicial de la canción compuesta por Sebastiaan Molijn (DJ Pronti), uno de los miembros de los productores holandeses Pronti & Kalmani, luego de que su amante lo dejara.
La segunda frase de la canción, "Talk to me" fue extraído de la exitosa canción de Eurythmics, "Here Comes the Rain Again".

La canción originalmente fue destinado a ser un track instrumental, pero la vocalista Judith Pronk fue convocada para ponerle voces a la canción, debido a que DJ Jurgen, quien estuvo involucrado en el proyecto, deseaba permanecer como un DJ underground.

Listado de canciones

Posicionamiento en listas

Listas semanales

Listas anuales

Versiones
En 2001, la banda estadounidense Weezer versionó la canción durante las sesiones del álbum Maladroit.

En 2007, la banda de rock oriunda de New Jersey Paulson lanzó su versión rock de la canción en su EP Calling on You.

En enero de 2008, el rapero Wiz Khalifa sampleó la parte instrumental de la canción en su sencillo "Say Yeah".

El proyecto musical de electrónica/soul The Secret Handshake grabó una versión de la canción incluida como bonus track en su álbum del 2009, My Name Up in Lights.

 La agrupación mexicana Machine Control incluye en su álbum Smash the Machine un remix con estilo full on en el año 2010.

 Los músicos de Hardstyle, Neilio and Sound Rusherz lanzaron su versión en julio de 2011.

 La banda estadounidense de witch house Salem lanzaron su versión de la canción en 2011.

 En 2012, David Guetta realizó un sampleo de "Better Off Alone" en su canción "Play Hard". Contiene la colaboración de Ne-Yo y Akon, y fue incluido en la reedición de Nothing but the Beat llamada Nothing but the Beat 2.0.
 Para el 2013 el Italiano DJ Azzurro crea su propia versión: (bajo Cuore Mix) Añadiendo nuevas letras al tema convirtiéndola así al estilo Vocal Dance. Por lo que en esta versión no sólo es escuchado el típico "Do You Think You're Better Off Alone?" y "Talk To Me", sino la misma se puede ver y escuchar en la plataforma de YouTube.

A fines del 2017, el productor holandés Janieck utilizó el sample para uno de sus más grandes éxito "Does it Matter?" Combinando la esencia original Better Off Alone, sólo que esta vez involucrando a su propio estilo.

 En 2023, las cantantes Kim Petras y Nicki Minaj realizaron también el sample de la instrumental de Better Off Alone en su canción "Alone" que hizo parte del álbum debut de la cantante Kim Petras "Feed The Beast".

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 "Better Off Alone" en Discogs
 "Better Off Alone" (UK Edit) en YouTube

Sencillos debut de 1999
Sencillos de música electrónica

Better Off Alone


Johann Friedrich Goddaeus, auch Goddäus, (* 7. November 1692 in Kassel; † 29. Januar 1772 ebenda) war ein landgräflich-hessischer Verwaltungsbeamter, zuletzt Vizekanzler der landgräflichen Regierung.

Familie
Johann Friedrich war Sohn des landgräflichen Geheimen Rats und Kanzlers Nikolaus Wilhelm Goddaeus (1646–1719). Er selbst heiratete am 3. November 1729 Katharina Christine Dehn-Rothfelser (um 1705–1782), Tochter des Oberkammerrates Heinrich Dehn-Rothfelser (1657–1725). Der Ehe entstammten zwei Töchter und fünf Söhne. Einer von ihnen, Friedrich Heinrich Goddäus (1734–1795) war von 1781 bis zu seinem Tod im Jahre 1795 Bürgermeister der Stadt Kassel. Ein weiterer, Heinrich Goddaeus (1742–1819) war Richter am Oberappellationsgericht in Kassel, wurde 1812 in den westphälischen bzw. 1814 in den kurhessischen Adelsstand erhoben und wurde somit Stammvater der hessischen Adelsfamilie von Goddaeus.

Leben
Johann Friedrich Goddaeus begann 1709 das Studium der Rechtswissenschaft an der Philipps-Universität in Marburg und wurde 1720 Assessor in der "Französischen Kanzlei" der landgräflichen Verwaltung in Kassel, die für die Angelegenheiten der Einwanderer zuständig war. Er avancierte recht schnell, wurde schon 1721 Archivarius, 1726 Rat und 1731 Regierungsrat. Im Jahre 1752 wurde er zum Vizekanzler der Regierung ernannt, und 1760 wurde er Geheimer Rat.

Literatur
 Karl-Heinz-Nickel, Harald Schmidt, Florian Tennstedt u. Heide Wunder: Kurzbiographien; in: Kassel als Stadt der Juristen (Juristinnen) und der Gerichte in ihrer tausendjährigen Geschichte. Hrsg. von Georg Wannagat. Heymann, Köln u. a., 1990, S. 416 (PDF; 13,4 MB)

Weblinks

Person (Kassel)
Deutscher
Geboren 1692
Gestorben 1772
Mann

Johann Friedrich Goddaeus


Salgado Filho es un municipio brasileño del estado de Paraná. Su población estimada en 2004 era de 4.821 habitantes.

Referencias

Localidades de Paraná

Salgado Filho (Paraná)


Mændenes 50 meter riffel, helmatch under sommer-OL 2016 i Rio de Janeiro fandt sted 14. august 2016 i National Shooting Center.

Referencer

50 meter riffel, helmatch (herrer)

Skydning under sommer-OL 2016 - 50 meter riffel, helmatch (herrer)


Forks Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Forks Township (Northampton County, Pennsylvania)
 Forks Township (Sullivan County, Pennsylvania)

Siehe auch:
 Fork Township

Forks Township


Kenneth Graham Sansom (born 26 September 1958) is a former professional footballer who played as a defender. An England international, he played for clubs such as Crystal Palace, Arsenal, Newcastle United, Coventry City, Queens Park Rangers, Everton and Watford.

He is the second most capped England national team full-back, having appeared 86 times for his country between 1979 and 1988.

Club career
Kenneth Graham Sansom was born in Camberwell, London on 26 September 1958; the second youngest of five children. His father, George, was an itinerant who left the family home shortly after the birth of his youngest child. His mother, Rose, was a cleaner, and moved the family to Tulse Hill in 1960. He considered himself a goalkeeper in his early years, but while playing for a youth team called Spring Park Wolves he replaced an injured teammate at left-back, and remained a full-back for the rest of his career. He attended Beaufoy Secondary school, and was capped by England schoolboys.

Crystal Palace
Sansom was scouted by Arsenal, Queens Park Rangers and Tottenham Hotspur, but went on to join the youth team at Crystal Palace. He made his League debut against Tranmere Rovers on 7 May 1975.

In 1977, he captained the Palace junior team to FA Youth Cup success while also skippering the England youth team at the same level, collecting Palace's "Player of the Year" award in his first season.

Quick, calm, strong in the tackle and an excellent crosser of the ball, Sansom missed just one league game in a consecutive run of 156 games, starting in 1976, when Palace were in the Third Division. In the 1978–79 season Crystal Palace won the Second Division championship with Sansom integral to the young team. They were quickly labelled as the "Team of The '80s". and briefly topped the First Division at the start of the 1979–80 season although they ultimately finished in thirteenth position.

Arsenal
Arsenal put in a bid of £1 million for Sansom in the summer of 1980, with striker Clive Allen going in exchange; this was an unusual move, as Allen was an equally prized young player and had only joined Arsenal weeks earlier, and had yet to play a competitive match for the club. Palace accepted the bid and Sansom left for Highbury.

Sansom made his Arsenal debut against West Bromwich Albion on 16 August 1980 and was an ever-present for that season and the next, and a near-constant figure at left-back for Arsenal. He was bestowed with the honour of Arsenal Player of the Season in 1981. Although a third-place finish did ensure European football was back on the agenda, no real title challenge was forthcoming. The next two seasons saw a top-five finish in 1982, and a disappointing tenth in 1983 when matters were not improved by semi-final failure in both domestic cups at the hands of Manchester United. Terry Neill was sacked in December 1983 and Don Howe took over. Arsenal finished sixth and seventh under Howe and although often tipped to challenge, usually flattered to deceive. Sansom though was remarkably consistent and ever present. In fact, after six seasons Sansom missed just seven games in all competitions. He was one of the few players who could really hold up his head in a time of under-achievement. Meanwhile, silverware eluded both Sansom and Arsenal. In May 1986, Millwall manager George Graham, a former Arsenal player, was appointed as Howe's long-term replacement, and it was the beginning of a new era of success at Highbury. Arsenal's form immediately improved, so much so that the club were top of the League at Christmas 1986.

Sansom finally won domestic silverware in 1987, captaining Arsenal to a League Cup final victory over Liverpool at Wembley; Arsenal came from a goal down to win 2–1, with Sansom starting the move which had led to Arsenal's late winner, scored by Charlie Nicholas.

The following season, Sansom's relationship with his Arsenal manager Graham soured and he was replaced as captain by fledgling defender Tony Adams, who was just 21. Sansom did, however, keep his place in the side; although Graham had just signed a long-term replacement in Nigel Winterburn. Winterburn was played at right-back rather than left for his first season at the club. Arsenal reached the League Cup final again in 1987–88, only to lose 3–2 to Luton Town in a dramatic and exciting match. Everton away at Goodison Park on 7 May 1988 was the last time Sansom pulled on the red and white shirt.

Sansom left Arsenal in December 1988, having not played a first team game at all for the first four months of 1988–89; Graham had signed Lee Dixon and had reshuffled the side, with Dixon playing at right-back and Nigel Winterburn on the left, replacing Sansom. Sansom had played 394 matches in total for Arsenal, scoring six goals.

Later career
Arsenal sold Sansom to Newcastle United for £300,000 in December 1988. The 1988-89 season was a season of contrasting fortunes between the two clubs as Arsenal won the League Championship and his new club finished bottom of the First Division. Sansom transferred to Queens Park Rangers in the summer of 1989 for £300,000 and scored against Arsenal in a 2–0 FA Cup fourth round replay victory at Loftus Road. After making 64 league appearances for QPR, he moved on to Coventry City for £100,000 in March 1991 and made 51 league appearances for 'The Sky Blues'. Sansom then had short spells at Everton (seven league appearances and one goal against Tottenham Hotspur), who he joined on a free transfer in February 1993, and First Division Brentford (eight appearances), who he joined on a free transfer a month later, March 1993, but he could not prevent 'The Bees' from being relegated. After playing non-league football with Chertsey Town, Sansom returned to league football again by joining Glenn Roeder and First Division Watford, as player and first team coach. Sansom made one league appearance for Watford, before he retired from top class football, though he did play on for non-league clubs such as Croydon F.C. and Slough Town. Since retiring from the game, he has often appeared on Sky Sports as a football analyst.

International career
On 23 May 1979, Sansom made his debut for the full England team, in a goalless draw against Wales. The same summer he had starred for England in UEFA Euro 1980 in Italy, though England did not make progress. In his England career for which Sansom gained extra plaudits and recognition. He was a regular starter playing in the 1982 World Cup in Spain, in which England exited in the second group phase. He was still the first-choice left-back for the 1986 World Cup in Mexico, playing in all of the matches up to and including the quarter-final defeat against Argentina, in which game he was one of the England players left behind by Diego Maradona as he burst from inside his own half to score his second goal.

Sansom missed only a handful of England matches between 1980 and 1988; his record of 37 consecutive appearances between May 1984 and April 1987 has only been bettered by Billy Wright and Ron Flowers. He was occasionally rested in friendly matches so that coaches Ron Greenwood and then Bobby Robson could check on potential replacements Derek Statham, Alan Kennedy, Nick Pickering and Stuart Pearce in the event of Sansom's suffering from either serious injury or chronic loss of form. However Sansom was still the regular left-back during England's UEFA Euro 1988 qualifying campaign.

That summer, Sansom was Robson's first-choice left-back for the European Championships, but England lost all three of their group games, starting with a surprise 1–0 defeat to the Republic of Ireland in their first ever finals match, having qualified under the management of Englishman and World Cup winner Jack Charlton.

Sansom made an error for the only goal of the game, toeing an attempted clearance high into the air and putting pressure on his fellow defenders, from which John Aldridge won a header for Ray Houghton to nod the ball past Peter Shilton. Sansom played in the other two group fixtures but after the tournament Stuart Pearce replaced him as England's first-choice left-back. After nine consecutive years, Sansom's international career was coming to a close, months before his 30th birthday. He was briefly recalled to the side in 1989 as a back-up when Pearce was injured, though he did not play. In all Sansom gained 86 caps with one goal which was scored in a 1984 World Cup qualifier against Finland.

Sansom is England's second-most capped full-back and only eleven players have appeared more times for England than Sansom. Among these are David Beckham, Bobby Moore, Steven Gerrard, Bobby Charlton, Bryan Robson, Frank Lampard, Michael Owen and Wayne Rooney and Peter Shilton. Jointly with Shilton, Sansom also holds the record for the most England caps in the 1980s, with 84 in all.

Personal life
After retiring from playing, Sansom has battled with gambling addiction and alcoholism and was homeless.

Sansom returned to football as a player on the veterans' circuit. He was frequently called upon as a pundit to make comments on the game, especially with matters concerning Crystal Palace or Arsenal. He also made occasional appearances on Australian football show Fox Sports FC via satellite. He was also a tour guide on the "Legend's Tour" of Arsenal's Emirates Stadium.

He was a co-presenter of LBC Radio's Saturday afternoon football programme. Sansom was voted into Palace's Centenary XI.

On 7 February 2014, Sansom appeared at court in Bromley, charged with assault following an alleged incident at his former partner's property. He was cleared of all charges.

In 2016, Sansom was a guest on "Thursday Focus" on Manchester United's in-house TV channel, MUTV, discussing his career and his life after football.

In May 2020 he was reportedly in hospital with an undisclosed illness. It was revealed six months later that he was diagnosed with Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, a type of dementia.

Sansom's father George and uncle Terry were investigated but not charged as suspects in the Great Train Robbery. Sansom stated that he thought that they were innocent, but that his uncle Freddie, a well-known armed robber, was likely a member of the gang that committed the crime.

Career statistics

Honours
Crystal Palace
 FA Youth Cup: 1977
 Football League Second Division: 1978–79

Arsenal
 Football League Cup: 1986–87

England
 British Home Championship: 1981–82, 1982–83

Individual
 Crystal Palace Player of the Year: 1977, 1979
 Arsenal Player of the Season: 1980−81
 PFA Third Division Team of the Year: 1976–77
 PFA Second Division Team of the Year: 1977–78, 1978–79
 PFA First Division Team of the Year (8): 1979–80, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87

References
General

Specific

1958 births
Living people
Footballers from Camberwell
English men's footballers
Men's association football fullbacks
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Arsenal F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Everton F.C. players
Brentford F.C. players
Watford F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
England men's schools international footballers
England men's under-21 international footballers
England men's B international footballers
England men's international footballers
UEFA Euro 1980 players
1982 FIFA World Cup players
1986 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 1988 players
Croydon F.C. players

Kenny Sansom


Hvar, arheološka zona grada Hvara, zaštićeno kulturno dobro

Opis dobra
Najstariji, eneolitički nalazi datirani oko 3000 pr. Kr., na području grada Hvara nađeni su na padinama brijega pod tvrđavom Forticom.M. Zaninović je krajem 60-tih napravio prvu opsežnu reambulaciju padine pod tvrđavom te utvrdio da se keramički ulomci vremenski pružaju od pretpovijesti preko helenizma do rimskog razdoblja na temelju čega zaključuje da je podno gradine postojala naseobina.Tijekom 90-tih utvrđeno je da su svi vrhovi oko Hvara bili fortificirani u pretpovijesti da je je gradina na mjestu Fortice bila čvrsto branjena. Zajedno s velikom nekropolom u obližnjoj uvali Vira, gradina na mjestu tvrđave bila je središte velike pretpovijesne naseobine.Od rimskog razdoblja nadalje brijeg s Forticom na vrhu je ponajprije fortifikacijsko mjesto dok se naseobina spušta bliže obali, odnosno luci.Već je u 19. stoljeću poznata činjenica da se na prostoru Dolca, te uz južnu stranu Mandraća (u gradskoj luci) nalaze ostci rimskih villa rustica. Recentna istraživanja u Arsenalu pokazalu su da je isti sagrađen na mjestu na kojem se veliki lučki objekti nalaze već više od 2000 g. Najraniji poznati objekt bio je nešto manji od današnjeg, potpuno otvoren prema zapadu, moru, a datira se u prijelaz 1. st. pr. Kr i 1. st. p. Kr. Bio je u funkciji do početka 2. st. p. Kr. Radi se o rimskom arsenalu, ali ga karakterizira helenistički način gradnje. Kasnoantički lučki objekt bio je tek nešto manji od današnjeg, orijentiran također prema zapadu. Radilo se o velikoj prizemnici pokrivenoj krovom o čemu svjedoče temelji masivnih, zidanih stupova koji su bili razmješteni sredinom prostorije. No važnije od same kasnoantičke zgrade koja se datira od kraja 4. st. p. Kr. do 8. p. Kr. jest činjenica da je kao priprema za njenu gradnju zemljište zaravnano s velikom količinom vodonepropusne gline u kojoj su izgrađeni drenažni kanali.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-6902 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - kulturno-povijesna cjelina, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "arheološka baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene kopnene arheološke zone i nalazišta u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Hvar (grad)

Hvar (arheološka zona grada)


Las lágrimas de Pele son partículas de vidrio basáltico con forma de gota o esferas formados en fuentes de lava durante erupciones hawaianas. Se forman al solidificar en el aire material eyectado por una fuente de lava y a menudo están unidos a un extremo de un cabello de Pele. Las partículas reciben el nombre de Pele, la diosa de volcanes en la mitología hawaiana.

Referencias

Tefra
Vidrios naturales

Lágrimas de Pele


Türksevin, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Afşin ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin esk ismi de Kilise'dir.

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş iline 166 km, Afşin ilçesine 15 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Afşin'in mahalleleri

Türksevin, Afşin


Kaya kiraz kuşu (Emberiza cia), kiraz kuşugiller (Emberizidae) familyasından Güney Avrupa'daki taşlık, kayalık yamaçlar ve harabelerinde yaşayan bir kuş türü. Ayrıca kaya çintesi ve kaya yelvesi olarak da adlandırılır.

Kızıl renkli üst tarafı, desensiz ve pas kızılı rengi kuyruk sokumu dışında, siyah çizgilidir; alt tarafı daha açık kızıl-kirli sarıdır. Erkeğinin başı ve göğsü mavi-gridir, tepesinin yanındaki siyah çizgiler gözüne ve yanağının alt tarafına kadar uzanır ve gözünün üzerinde daha beyaz olur. Dişisinin kafa deseni erkeğinkinin daha mat şeklidir. Sesi kızgınlığa özgü ince ve tiz bir 'si', ötüşü tiz, ince ve müzikaldir.

Kaynakça

Kiraz kuşugiller
Türkiye'deki kuşlar
1766'da tanımlanan kuşlar

Kaya kiraz kuşu


was a town located in Asago District, Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 4,872 and a density of 43.50 persons per km2. The total area was 112.01 km2.

On April 1, 2005, Ikuno, along with the towns of Asago (former), Santō and Wadayama (all from Asago District), was merged to create the city of Asago and no longer exists as an independent municipality. It is the smallest town of the Asago District.

Geography
Ikuno is located at the geographical center of Hyogo prefecture. It borders the Harima district and Kamikawa town. Ikuno is elevated 300 meters above sea level and surrounded by mountains which composes 90% of the area. Maruyama river starts here and flows north into the Sea of Japan. Ichikawa river, which originates in Kurogawa (north-east Ikuno) flows through the town centre towards the inland sea.

Climate
The township of Ikuno is located in a basin. During the summer months it remains relatively hot with high humidity levels. Autumn and Spring are short lived seasons. Due to the elevation of Ikuno it receives infrequent bouts of snow. Ikuno receives a lot of rain during the summer months and often ravaged by typhoons. The annual precipitation is approximately 2,000 mm.

History
Mining was Ikuno's first industry, dating back to 807. The discovery of silver in the mountains surrounding the town made it a miner's hub. Mining continued here for nearly a thousand years, during which time copious amounts of copper and silver were mined. The town even was a POW camp during WWII. The mines were closed in the 1970s by Mitsubishi. Ikuno's population peaked in 1955 with over 11,000 people. Today, Ikuno is a town with thriving industries.

Tourist Attractions

Many of Ikuno's historical tourist spots can be access by walking from Ikuno train station.

The Ikuno Silver Mine and Ikuno Mineral Museum are a famous and well known tourist spot in the area. Ore mining commenced soon after the warring state period in Japan (807 AD). This mine was also nicknamed, "Tenryo" as it was the main resource that financed the Tokugawa shogunate's fortune. In 1889, the mine became Imperial property. The main vein of the mine is 2.6 km long and houses a depth of 1 km. The major produce were coal, lead, gold and silver. Unfortunately, due to lack of profit in its later years mining at Ikuno officially ceased in 1973. Eventually the mine was converted into an educational center and museum.

Ikuno is also the culinary birthplace of "Hayashi rice" a stew-like beef dish served with rice. Click here for a list of restaurants serving Hayashi rice in Ikuno. This dish was a common appearance on the dinner tables of the mine residents when the town was bustling during the mining periods. Visitors to the Mine can taste this specialty at the upstairs restaurant, "Maronie" (マロニエ).

Ikuno Kogen Heights, a huge highland located in the north-west area of Ikuno. The mountain ranges are 600 meters above sea level. The Kassel hotel can be found here along with a golf course, tennis court and hiking courses.

The Ikuno Ginzan lake is nearby and very scenic. It is an entirely man-made lake and also features a dam. The lake's water is used for irrigation and industrial purposes downstream. Several recreational areas are available for picnics. Hiring a boat and/or fishing gear is also possible. Uogataki falls is nearby and is the local swimming spot. Further up the road is the Kurokawa valley. It is designated as the prefectural natural park of the Asago mountain range. The Kurokawa area also boosts a popular onsen and a dam.

Ikuno Castle was originally built circa 1394–1428 and its ruins can be found on the top of Kojozan (古城山) in the Kuchiganaya district of Ikuno. The castle acted as the local magistrate's and the Silver mine's administrative office in the Edo period until it was eventually abandoned.

The old tramcar road (pictured in the Kuchiganaya area above) is a remnant of the mineral transport system that was in place from the Kanagase mine tunnel to the old train station. It was built in 1920 and features several arches.

Another point of interest is the Takashi Shimura memorial and mining staff quarters (cooperate housing). Built in the Meiji era (1876) at peak the staff quarters was composed of 18 buildings. However, only 6 buildings remain and have undergone restoration and preservation efforts. One building is a dedicated memorial for the famous Japanese actor, Takashi Shimura. Shimura was born in the staff quarters where his father worked.  Shimura acted in Kurosawa's Seven Samurai and  To Live.

Notable Festivals

April Heikurō Matsuri (へいくろう祭) was founded in 2000 and is held at Ikuno Ginzan. This festival is used to celebrate the mining history of the town.

August Toronagashi event - As a part of the Obon festivities during the summer holidays the community gather around the Ichikawa river. Hand-made paper lanterns decorated by the people are floated down the river.

September: Kanaya Matsuri (銀谷祭り) is an annual event that takes place on the streets of the Kuchikanaya area. There are performances by the locals and houses along participating streets run small merchant stores selling handicrafts, tools, produce and food. The festival is to commemorate the history of the area when merchants would line the streets.

References

Dissolved municipalities of Hyōgo Prefecture
Asago, Hyōgo

Ikuno, Hyōgo


Les automotrices EAV sont un ensemble d'automotrices commandées conjointement par 5 chemins de fer privés sous la coordination du Département fédéral des Transports, abrégé à l'époque en allemand EAV. Identiques sur le plan technique, les automotrices se différenciaient au niveau de la caisse en fonction de chaque compagnie.

Historique
Alors que les CFF et le BLS suivaient leur propre voie et que les grands chemins de fer privés BT, SOB et le groupe EBT avaient commandé l'automotrice à haute performance, diverses lignes secondaires plus petites ressentirent le besoin d'une automotrice de puissance moyenne et universellement utilisable qui pourrait être utilisée comme véhicule unique ou avec des voitures intermédiaires et une voiture-pilote. Il s'agissait des compagnies suivantes :

 la compagnie Mittelthurgaubahn (MThB), qui avait besoin d'un nouveau matériel roulant à la suite de son électrification (septembre 1965) ;
 la compagnie Wohlen-Meisterschwanden-Bahn (WM), dont le passage du courant continu au courant alternatif exigeait un nouveau matériel moteur ;
 les Chemins de fer Martigny–Orsières (MO), qui devaient remplacer leurs automotrices de 1910 modifiées à la suite du passage le la tension de la ligne de   à   ;
 les Chemins de fer fribourgeois (GFM) et le Chemin de fer Régional du Val-de-Travers (RVT), qui devaient augmenter / renouveler leur parc de matériel roulant datant des années 1940.

La commande groupée comprenait douze automotrices et douze voitures-pilotes, ainsi que cinq voitures intermédiaires.

Concept
L'extérieur des automotrices correspond au standard de la construction de wagons en Suisse au début des années 1960. La forme arrondie de la cabine avec des soufflets escamotables se retrouve également sur les RBe 4/4 des CFF, les automotrices haute performance BDe 4/4 et de nombreuses voitures-pilotes. Par rapport aux RBe 4/4 et aux BDe 4/4, la caisse fut légèrement allongée,  au lieu de . Les deux accès d'extrémité furent remplacés par un accès frontal et un accès central. La caisse est divisée comme suit :

 Poste de conduite
 Accès
 Compartiment de  classe (6 ou 12 places, seulement  classe chez le WM)
 Compartiment de  classe (16, 24 ou 32 pl.)
 WC et accès
 Compartiment de  classe (16 ou 24 pl.)
 Compartiment à bagages ( ou )
 Poste de conduite

En revanche, les voitures-pilotes sont unifiées avec neuf compartiments de  classe et une longueur de . Les voitures intermédiaires quant à elles correspondent entièrement à la version CFF de la voiture unifiée I avec une longueur de .

Les bogies moteurs, de conception similaire à ceux des BDe 4/4 II des CFF (automotrices à courant continu), sont fournis par SWS et équipés de moteurs sériels à courant alternatif de type M8-507, avec un rapport de transmission de 1:3,95. La transmission de la force est assuré par un entraînement à ressort. Le diamètre des roues motrices est de  avec les nouveaux bandages.

Le transformateur principal d'huile à paliers de type TRBz, avec un noyau en fer tôlé radialement et une puissance nominale de traction de  (plus  pour les services auxiliaires et  pour le chauffage du train), est suspendu sous le plancher du wagon. Le changeur de prises est de type NU 28.

Le frein électrique utilisé est un frein à récupération dans un circuit d'excitation de phase, qui ne nécessite pas de bobine de frein encombrante. Son action est limitée en-dessous de .

Tout comme les RBe 4/4 et les Re 4/4 II, les automotrices sont équipées d'une commande par émetteur d'ordres avec commande multiple Système IIId, compatible avec les véhicules CFF mentionnés et leurs voitures-pilotes.

Commande
L'acquisition s'est faite en une seule étape, il n'y a pas eu d'acquisitions ultérieures.

Images (sélection)

Service régulier et changements de propriétaires
Après leur mise en service, les automotrices du MThB, du WM et du MO assurèrent une grande partie du trafic sur leurs lignes d'origine, souvent en tant que véhicule unique, parfois avec des voitures-pilotes ou des wagons marchandises. Les automotrices du MThB étaient utilisées en commande multiple, parfois deux ABDe plus une Re 4/4 II, également devant des trains de pétrole. L'automotrice RVT circulait également avec son train-navette sur les lignes CFF voisines jusqu'à Neuchâtel et Pontarlier. L'automotrice GFM circulait sur la ligne Fribourg-Morat-Ins, souvent aussi en trafic marchandises en plus du trafic voyageurs, car elle était l'engin moteur le plus puissant de la compagnie.

En 1972 déjà, la première rocade eut lieu : la Bt 303 de GFM fut transférée au MThB en tant que Bt 203. En contrepartie, GFM reprit des CFF l'EW I en aluminium B 20-33 720' ex-8201 en tant que B 363. En 1983, après la livraison des RABDe 4/4 171-72, l'ABDe 4/4 171 et la Bt 302 rejoignit le MThB en tant qu'ABDe 16 et Bt 204. L'automotrice y circula encore quelque temps en peinture verte/crème GFM. Une opération similaire s'effectua au RVT, qui vendit son ABDe 4/4 103 au MO en 1983, où elle fut utilisée comme ABDe 9. Après avoir perdu la Bt 31 lors d'une grave collision (les ABDe 6 et 8 impliqués purent être reconstruites), le MO put récupérer en 1985 l'ancienne Bt 201 de la RVT qui conserva son numéro.

Modifications et nouveaux changements de propriétaires
Les deux Bt 202 et 203 de la RVT ainsi que la GFM Bt 301, nouvellement 372, furent aménagées pour télécommander les nouveaux RABDe 4/4 104-05 et 171-72. En 1992, la RVT 104 devint la GFM 173 et en 1993, la voiture-pilote 203 suivit le même chemin sous le nom de Bt 374. En 1997, la RVT fit transformer la Bt 202 en ABt 202 à Bönigen, ce qui lui permit également d'obtenir des portes affleurantes. En 1999, RVT devint TRN, en 2000, GFM devint TPF et MO devint TMR. En 2003, la TPF Bt 372 fut transformée en ABt et la Bt 374 cédée au DSF en 2013, en même temps que la B 362 et la B 366.

Le MThB avait à peine terminé la révision principale avec changement de couleur en crème/vert de ses 6 automotrices EAV plus 4 Bt que tous les véhicules durent être équipés d'Indusi, désamiantés et munis de portes affleurant la carrosserie pour leur utilisation en Allemagne. Ces transformations furent réalisées par SWG et Stadler dans les années 1994-96. Des voitures légères en acier modernisées ex CFF furent utilisées comme voitures intermédiaires à Česká Lípa et les deux voitures-pilotes manquantes furent remplacées par des Bt de type NPZ. Mais la transformation fulgurante du chemin de fer secondaire plutôt tranquille avec un détour de quelques centaines de mètres par-dessus la frontière en une entreprise de transport de voyageurs et de marchandises active au niveau transfrontalier ne put être maîtrisée avec des capacités de gestion inchangées et la direction financière ne reçut pas suffisamment d'importance. Fin 2002, la MThB fut liquidée, les véhicules et l'exploitation furent quant à eux repris par Thurbo, une filiale à 90% des CFF. L'exploitation en Allemagne fut séparée et transférée à la SBB GmbH. Peu à peu, les GTW en Suisse et les FLIRT en Allemagne prirent le relais et les automotrices EAV devinrent excédentaires.

L'ancienne rame GFM 16-204 fut vendue en 2004 à Travys, qui l'utilise comme ABDe  (94 85 7578 016-8 et 50 85 80-35 904-2) pour les trains scolaires. Les TPF avaient besoin d'une automotrice de réserve pour leur ligne Bulle-Romont, mais "leur" ancienne automotrice était déjà chez Travys. Ils reprirent l'automotrice 13 et la mirent en service comme ABDe , mais pas pour longtemps. L'état de conservation était trop mauvais et avant que les autres automotrices ne soient démolies, les TPF récupérèrent l'ABDe , qui est en service depuis juin 2006 sous le nom de . En tant que voiture-pilote Bt 375, l'ancienne Bt 303, entre-temps chez MThB et Thurbo sous le numéro Bt 203, retourna sur son réseau d'origine.

L'ABDe  fut cédée en août 2006 à l'association MThB historique, les automotrices 14 et 15 partant le même mois avec la  ex  pour être démolies à Kaiseraugst. Les deux voitures-pilotes Bt 201-02 restantes furent reprises en même temps par le BLS, qui les utilise comme modules de renfort devant ses trains navettes EW-III à destination de Lucerne et Neuchâtel.

Les voitures de commande MO furent équipées de portes affleurant extérieurement vers 1990. En 2002, les TMR reçurent trois NINA. Son activité de transport régional à voie normale fut transférée dans une coentreprise avec les CFF appelée RegionAlps et les véhicules TMR furent également utilisés sur des lignes CFF en Valais, jusqu'à ce que des NPZ CFF modernisées reprennent l'ensemble du trafic dans la vallée du Rhône dès 2009. L'ABDe 4/4 8 fut reprise par la Draisinen Sammlung Fricktal (DSF) comme réserve de pièces de rechange pour la BDe 4/4 2 et fut démolie en 2008. L'ABDe 4/4 7 fut envoyée à Kaiseraugst en janvier 2022 pour y être démolie, suivie par l'ABDe 4/4 9 en septembre de la même année. Actuellement, seule l'ABDe 4/4 6 demeure comme véhicule de service. Les Bt 31-33 quant à elles ont été récupérées en novembre 2014 par la BDe 4/4 1641 de DSF à Orsières et envoyées à la casse après récupération de quelques pièces encore utilisables.

Le WM cessa de transporter des voyageurs le 31 mai 1997, les deux BDe 4/4 et le Bt furent vendues au SOB. On y transforma la voiture-pilote en BDt 975 pour le Voralpen-Express, elle a fut utilisée après la fusion comme BDt 199 jusqu'en décembre 2013. Les deux BDe furent utilisées comme BDe 576 490-491, en partie avec les BDt 970-71, principalement pour le trafic Biberbrugg-Einsiedeln. Après la fusion, elles reçurent les numéros 576 041-042. Alors que le BDe  fut  démolie entre-temps, la DSF restaura la BDe  comme WM BDe 4/4 2.

Voitures intermédiaires
Les voitures intermédiaires du MO et du GFM n'étaient nécessaires que pour le trafic de pointe. La B 41 du MO, qui ne provenait pas de la commande commune, fut prêtée en 1999 à la GFM, qui l'acheta en 2000 sous le numéro B 366. La B 42 fut également brièvement utilisée par GFM avant d'être transférée au club San Gottardo en septembre 2005. Le GFM B 362 est encore dans son état d'origine, à l'exception de la peinture extérieure, alors que le B 361 fut modernisée en 2000 avec des pièces d'une voiture BLS accidentée et reçut un nouvel aménagement intérieur, ainsi que des bourrelets en caoutchouc. Jusqu'en 2005, elle fut utilisée en tant que AB 361, trois compartiments ayant été simplement redéfinis à la manière éprouvée de GFM, sans que rien d'autre ne soit modifié.

Les voitures intermédiaires de la RVT furent modernisées en 1996 à Bönigen et équipées de portes affleurant l'extérieur. La B 302 fut toutefois transformée en B "Jumbo" dès 2005. La B 301 passa chez Travys en 2013, en même temps que la RBDe  et l'ABt 202.

État du matériel roulant

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Sources

 États du matériel roulant de l'association pour un état du matériel roulant suisse (VRS), État au  janvier 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005. (https://www.rollmaterial.ch/)

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Automotrice
 BDe 4/4 II
 RBe 4/4

Liens externes

Matériel roulant des chemins de fer suisses
Automotrice 15 kV

Automotrices EAV


Friedrich Leo von Rottenberger (* 3. September 1872 in Trebitsch, Mähren; † 27. März 1938 in Wien, Hofrat, nach 1918 Friedrich Leo Rottenberger), war ein österreichischer Gartenbaufachmann.

Biografie
Friedrich Leo von Rottenberger war Sohn eines Richters. Er lernte in den k.k. Schloßgärtnereien, zuerst in Mähren, ab 1892 in Schloss Schönbrunn in Wien als Gärtnereigehilfe. Ab der Jahrhundertwende in der Gartendirektion tätig, wurde er bald Kanzleichef.

1918, mit Ende des Ersten Weltkriegs wurde Friedrich Leo von Rottenberger Hofgartendirektor, 1919 Hofgartenverwalter und Direktionsleiter. Die Hofgärten der habsburgischen Eigenresidenzen und Anlagen gingen in das Eigentum der Republik Österreich über und 1921 wurde Rottenberger Direktor der dafür geschaffenen Dienststelle Bundesgärten, die dem Land- und Forstwirtschaftsministerium – seinerzeit unter Haueis bzw. Hennet – unterstellt wurde. In seine Dienstzeit fiel die aufwändige Wiederherstellung der Gärten, die nach dem Krieg vernachlässigt worden waren. Besondere Verdienste erwarb er sich mit der Erweiterung der bedeutenden Pflanzensammlungen in Schönbrunn und dem Ausbau des Belvederegartens, was schon 1569 von Kaiser Maximilian II. begonnen wurde. Zu Rothenbergers Zeit wurde die Pflanzensammlung durch Tausch von Saatgut die zweitgrößte Europas. Damit konnte auch die finanzielle Lage der Gärten verbessert werden. 1934 ging Rottenberger in den Ruhestand, ihm folgte Franz Matschkai nach.

1922 bis 1934/35 war er auch als Präsident der Österreichischen Gartenbaugesellschaft tätig, wo er ein Mitredakteur der Gartenzeitung war.

Unter seinen Ehrungen befindet sich auch die Bezeichnung einer Rosensorte, die Strauchrose 'Regierungsrat Rottenberger' (R. multiflora, Praskac Tulln, 1926).

Literatur
 Erika Karner: Friedrich Leo von Rottenberger – ein Leben für die Gärten von Schönbrunn. In: Die Gartenkunst 2020/2, S. 311–320.

 Fritz Weigl, Maria Petz-Grabenbauer, Kitty Schönfeld: Sie hatten den grünen Daumen; Österreichische Gärtnerporträts – ein biographisches Fotoalbum der grünen Zunft. Erasmus-Verlag Wien, Wien 2005, S.o.A, ISBN  978-395006247-2

Einzelnachweise

Gärtner
Person (Wien)
Person (Cisleithanien)
Österreicher
Geboren 1872
Gestorben 1938
Mann

Friedrich Leo von Rottenberger


Jurová este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Dunajská Streda din regiunea Trnava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 463 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Jurová este atestată documentar din 1253.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Jurová


{{Ficha de álbum
|nombre = Apocalyptic Love
|tipo = Álbum
|artista = Slash Featuring Myles Kennedy And The Conspirators
|lanzamiento = 22 de mayo de 2012  21 de mayo de 2012
|grabación = 8 de octubre de 2011 - 6 de febrero de 2012
|estilo = RockHard rockBlues-rock
|duración = 54:20
|productor = Eric Valentine
|calificación =
| anterior     = 'Made In Stoke 24/7/11 (2011)
| actual       = 'Apocalyptic Love' (2012)
| posterior    =
|misceláneo =
}}Apocalyptic Love es el segundo álbum de estudio de Slash, actual guitarrista de Guns N' Roses. El álbum cuenta con la banda de Slash, que consiste en el vocalista Myles Kennedy, el bajista Todd Kerns, el guitarrista rítmico Frank Sidoris y el baterista Brent Fitz (referidos colectivamente como "Myles Kennedy y los conspiradores" ("Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators"). Producido por Eric Valentine, que ha sido lanzado el 22 de mayo de 2012.

 Grabación
El 6 de febrero, la grabación de "Apocalyptic Love" había terminado. El 7 de febrero, Slash tuitea que la banda se estaba preparando para ensayar el nuevo material y filmar su rendimiento general de todo el registro nuevo con Mativision. El 24 de febrero se anunció que "You're A Lie" será el primer sencillo del próximo álbum, siendo lanzado a la radio en el 27 de febrero.

Durante su primera gira mundial en solitario, Slash anunció su segundo álbum de estudio. A diferencia de su homónimo álbum debut como solista, que contó con una gran variedad de cantantes como Chris Cornell, Ozzy Osbourne, M. Shadows, y Kid Rock, dijo que para su segundo álbum contaría con el vocalista de la banda Alter Bridge, Myles Kennedy, como el cantante exclusivo. Kennedy había aparecido en dos canciones del primer álbum de Slash ("Starlight" y "Back From Cali"), y luego fue el vocalista de la banda de Slash durante la gira de presentación del disco. Durante la gira de Slash dijo que su segundo álbum sería en colaboración con Kennedy, y que no estaba seguro de si sería lanzado bajo su propio nombre o un nombre completamente nuevo.

Slash comenzó a trabajar en su segundo álbum en solitario en junio de 2011, y en diciembre de 2011, tres canciones - "Halo", "Standing In The Sun" y "Bad Rain" - se habían grabado. Slash describió el nuevo material como "muy pesado". El álbum fue terminado en febrero de 2012 y lanzado el 22 de mayo de 2012. El primer sencillo, "You're A Lie", comenzó a sonar en las radios el 27 de febrero de 2012; el 5 de marzo de 2012 un fragmento de 30 segundos de la canción fue liberado en línea junto al listado de canciones del álbum. Myles Kennedy, quien escribió las letras de las canciones, ha dicho que algunas de las letras en el álbum hablan sobre sus experiencias con las drogas.

Slash y su banda, que consiste en Kennedy, el bajista Todd Kerns,el guitarrista rítmico Frank Sidoris y el baterista Brent Fitz, tocó el álbum en su totalidad el 11 de abril de 2012, en los premios Revolver de Golden God Awards.

El 26 de marzo, muestras de 30 segundos del disco denominado "Apocalyptic Love" se pusieron a disposición en Amazon.com. El riff inicial de "Anastasia" se inspira en Toccata and Fugue in D minor'' de Johann Sebastian Bach, que Slash interpola en vivo en su versión de "Speak Softly Love".

En el mes de mayo Slash comenzó una aplicación en Facebook titulada Stream Apocalyptic Love, la que consistía que uno debía invitar a 5 amigos a usar la aplicación y él emisor recibe una canción de regalo según el orden.

Canciones

Toda la Música compuesta por Slash y la letra por Myles Kennedy.

En el Reino Unido la revista Classic Rock dará a conocer el álbum como un [an Pack con dos bonus tracks, "Carolina" y "Crazy Life".

"You're a Lie", primer sencillo del disco, fue la canción #1 en ser agregada a las estaciones de radio de rock activas en los EUA en la semana de su lanzamiento como sencillo.

Créditos
Slash featuring Myles Kennedy and the Conspirators
 Slash – Guitarra solista, talkbox y guitarra rítmica
 Myles Kennedy – Voz
 Frank Sidoris - Guitarra rítmica
 Todd Kerns – Bajo y coros
 Brent Fitz – Batería
Otros aportes
 Eric Valentine – producción, ingeniero, mezcla
 Frank Maddocks – dibujante

Véase también
 Slash
 Velvet Revolver
 Slash's Snakepit
 Guns N' Roses
 Slash's Blues Ball
 Brent Fitz

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio Oficial de Slash

Álbumes de 2012
Álbumes de Slash
Álbumes en inglés
Álbumes de rock
Álbumes de hard rock
Álbumes de blues rock

Apocalyptic Love


An Glyphochloa forficulata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Cecil Ernest Claude Fischer, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Clayton. An Glyphochloa forficulata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Glyphochloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Glyphochloa

Glyphochloa forficulata


Afrothismia, rod saprofitskog bilja iz porodice Burmanniaceae, dio reda bljuštolike. Rod je opisan 1906. Pripada mu 14 vrsta, sve su iz Afrike.

Vrste
 Afrothismia amietii Cheek
 Afrothismia baerae Cheek; kritično ugrožena
 Afrothismia foertheriana T.Franke, Sainge & Agerer
 Afrothismia fungiformis Sainge & Kenfack
 Afrothismia gesnerioides H.Maas
 Afrothismia hydra Sainge & T.Franke
 Afrothismia insignis Cowley
 Afrothismia korupensis Sainge & T.Franke
 Afrothismia mhoroana Cheek
 Afrothismia pachyantha Schltr.
 Afrothismia pusilla Sainge & Kenfack
 Afrothismia saingei T.Franke
 Afrothismia winkleri (Engl.) Schltr.
 Afrothismia zambesiaca Cheek

Izvori

Bljuštolike

Afrothismia


George Bubb Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe  (1691 – 28 July 1762) was an English Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1761.

Christened George Bubb, he was the eldest son of Jeremiah Bubb of Foy, Herefordshire and his wife Mary Dodington, daughter of John Dodington of Dodington, Somerset. His father died in 1696 and he was taken under the care of his uncle George Dodington. He was educated at Winchester College in 1703 and matriculated at Exeter College, Oxford on 10 July 1707 aged 16. He was admitted at Lincoln's Inn in 1711 and undertook a Grand Tour from 1711 to 1713.

Bubb was returned as Member of Parliament for Winchelsea at the 1715 British general election. He was sent as envoy to Spain from 1715 to 1717. He changed his surname to Dodington by Act of Parliament in 1717. In 1720 he was appointed Clerk of the Pells for Ireland for life. His uncle died in 1720 and left him his estate. He was Lord Lieutenant of Somerset from 1721 to 1744. At the 1722 British general election he was returned as MP for Bridgwater.  He was taken up by Walpole, who made him a Lord of the Treasury in 1724. He addressed an adulatory verse letter to Walpole in 1726, in which he praised loyalty as the supreme political virtue. He married Katherine Behan in secret, some time around 1725.  He was returned again for Bridgwater at the 1727 British general election. Enormously rich, he became a friend of Frederick, Prince of Wales, who took advantage of their acquaintance to obtain loans that helped clear his debts, and, on being thrown out of St James's Palace by his father, King George II, moved into a London house belonging to Dodington.

Dodington was returned for Bridgwater again in 1734 when he was also returned for Melcombe Regis, and in 1741 when he was also returned for Appleby, choosing to remain at Bridgewater on both occasions. He was appointed Treasurer of the Navy in 1744 and became Privy Councillor on 3 January 1745. He was returned again for Bridgwater in 1747 and was treasurer of the chamber to the Prince of Wales from 1749 to 1751.

At the 1754 British general election, Dodington was returned for Melcombe Regis. He was Treasurer of the Navy again from December 1755 to November 1756. He was created Baron Melcombe on 6 April 1761.

Dodington had many contacts with artists and was a collector, purchasing antiquities via Cardinal Albani in Rome. His house at Hammersmith, known as 'La Trappe' (an ironic reference to a Trappist monastery) was the focus of a lively political and cultural salon of supporters of Frederick, Prince of Wales whose palace at Kew was located just across the river. It was designed by the neo-Palladian architect Roger Morris who had been connected with the circle of Lord Burlington and the sculpture gallery was designed by the Italian architect and firework display designer Giovanni Niccolo Servandoni. Dodington is said to have been involved in a spy-ring, collecting valuable information about Jacobite activities.  In 1761, following the accession of Frederick's son to the throne as George III, he was created Baron Melcombe.

Historian N.A.M. Rodger describes Dodington as an "indefatigable schemer" on behalf of his friends and interests of the time. Dodington is depicted in William Hogarth's 1761 engraving Five Orders of Periwigs; his diary was published posthumously in 1784 by Henry Penruddocke Wyndham.

References

External links

George Bubb Dodington at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)

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1691 births
1762 deaths
English diarists
Barons in the Peerage of Great Britain
Peers of Great Britain created by George III
Lord-Lieutenants of Somerset
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
British MPs 1715–1722
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741
British MPs 1741–1747
British MPs 1747–1754
British MPs 1754–1761
Ambassadors of Great Britain to Spain
18th-century diarists

George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe


ගාල්ල කරාපිටියේ පිහිටා තිබෙන කරාපිටිය ශික්ෂණ රෝහල ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දකුණු පළාතේ  ඉදිකොට අැති විශාලතම තෘතීක සුව සේවා මධ්‍යස්ථානය වේ.

1982 වර්ෂයේ ස්ථාපනය කරනු ලැබූ රෝහල, රුහුණ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයේ වෛද්‍ය පීඨය සඳහා පුහුණු කිරීමේ පහසුකම් සපයයි. රෝහල අැඳන් 1,624 කින්  පමණ හා, වාට්ටු 54 කින් සමන්විතය. එය මෙරට තුන්වන විශාලතම තෘතීක සුව සේවා රෝහල වේ.

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි
 සෞඛ්‍ය අමාත්‍යංශය

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ශික්‍ෂණ රෝහල්

කරාපිටිය ශික්ෂණ රෝහල


Iliocostalis er musklen direkte lateralt til longissimus, der er tættest på furen der adskiller de epaksiale muskler fra de hypaksiale. Den ligger meget dybt i forhold til den kødfyldte del af serratus ventralis (serratus posterior).

Se også

 Musculus erector spinae

References

Muskelsystemet
Dybe rygmuskler

Musculus iliocostalis


Agathis philippinensis er tegund af barrtrjám sem vex á Filippseyjum, Mólúkkaeyjum og Súlavesí. Það verður um 65 m hátt. Það er ræktað nokkuð þar og í nágrannalöndunum vegna getu til að vaxa í grunnum og ófrjóum jarðvegi.
Sumsstaðar er það talið til tegundarinnar A. dammara.

Tilvísanir

 Agathis philippinensis at The Gymnosperm Database
 de Laubenfels, D. J. (1988). Agathis philippinensis, in Van Steenis & De Wilde (eds.) Flora Malesiana 10: 437–438.

Barrtré

Agathis philippinensis


A Praia da Areia Preta, em Guarapari, é uma praia pequena cuja faixa de areia tem aproximadamente 200m, localizada entre o Siribeira Clube e a praia das Pelotas, no centro de Guarapari. É uma das praias mais conhecidas da cidade.

Popular por suas areias de cor escura (areia monazítica), razão pela qual foi nomeada, essa praia possui um grande potencial medicinal. É comum ver pessoas com seus corpos cobertos por essas areias, elas acreditam que as areias monazíticas curam doenças como reumatismo e câncer.

Praias de Guarapari

Praia da Areia Preta


Sandra Muller est une journaliste française née le  à Paris. Elle est directrice de la publication de La Lettre de l'audiovisuel.

Carrière
Après un DEUG Communication obtenu en 1993, Sandra Muller devient pigiste pour Nova (Le Nouvel Obs, Le Monde) en poursuivant ses études : deux masters (AES et CFPJ) obtenus respectivement en 1996 et 1998.

En 2001, elle devient la directrice de La Lettre de l'audiovisuel.

Elle deviendra correspondante du magazine VSD à New York en 2016.

Deux ans plus tard, elle publie son ouvrage #BalanceTonPorc.

#BalanceTonPorc
Le , Sandra Muller crée le hashtag #BalanceTonPorc, et appelle à la libération de la parole des femmes victimes de harcèlement sexuel et d'agression sexuelle. Elle en profite pour dénoncer les propos déplacés d'Éric Brion, ancien président de la chaîne Equidia qui les a publiquement reconnus mais en portant plainte pour diffamation contre la journaliste. Le lancement du hashtag #BalanceTonPorc précède ainsi de deux jours celui du hashtag #MeToo par Alyssa Milano.

En septembre 2019, en première instance, le tribunal judiciaire de Paris condamne Sandra Muller à payer 15 000 euros de dommages et intérêts à Éric Brion pour diffamation, qu'elle avait accusé de harcèlement sexuel. En mars 2021, Sandra Muller s'est vu reconnaître par la cour d'appel de Paris le bénéfice de la bonne foi, car ses propos . Le , la Cour de cassation confirme sa relaxe.

Publication
 .

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Un article sur Strategie.fr.
 Un article sur leparisien.fr.
 Un article sur France24.com.

Naissance à Paris
Naissance en septembre 1971
Journaliste française du XXIe siècle
Féministe française du XXe siècle

Sandra Muller


تحت ظلال السيوف هو مسلسل ديني تاريخي من إنتاج مصري يتناول فترة حياة الرسول محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم ثم ما أعقبها من حروب الردة. يركز المسلسل على الصحابي ضرار بن الأزور الذي لعب دوره الممثل عبد الله غيث.

فريق العمل
عبد الله غيث
ايمان الطوخي
ليلى طاهر
احسان القلعاوي
احمد ماهر
عهد

بطولة

إداريون

مصادر

مسلسلات تاريخية تلفزيونية مصرية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية إسلامية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية بدأ عرضها في 1991
مسلسلات حسن حسني
مسلسلات حسين الشربيني
مسلسلات عبد الله غيث

تحت ظلال السيوف (مسلسل)