Stephen Henry Lewis  (born November 11, 1937) is a Canadian politician, public speaker, broadcaster, and diplomat. He was the leader of the social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party for most of the 1970s.

During many of those years as leader, his father David Lewis was simultaneously the leader of the federal New Democratic Party. After politics, he became a broadcaster on both CBC Radio and Toronto's Citytv. In the mid-1980s, he was appointed as Canada's United Nations ambassador, by Progressive Conservative Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. He quit in 1988 and worked at various United Nations agencies during the 1990s. In the 2000s, he served a term as the United Nations' special envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa. In 2003, he gained investiture into the Order of Canada. As of 2014, he is a distinguished visiting professor at Toronto Metropolitan University.

Early life and education
Lewis was born in Ottawa, Ontario, on November 11, 1937, to Sophie Lewis (née Carson) and David Lewis. His parents gave him the Hebrew name "Sholem", a Yiddish derivation of the Hebrew word shalom, which means peace, because he was born on Armistice Day. From the time he was born, and through his early childhood, his father was the national secretary of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), the predecessor party to the NDP. When his family moved to Toronto in 1950, he attended  secondary school first at Toronto's Oakwood Collegiate Institute, and then his final three years of high school at Harbord Collegiate Institute.  In 1956, he entered the University of Toronto (UofT) where he became a member of the Hart House debating committee, and on 14 November 1957, debated the senator and future American president, John F. Kennedy, on the question, "Has the United States failed in its responsibilities as a world leader?" The Senator narrowly beat the Hart House team 204–194. Lewis's performance was considered the highlight of the event, while Kennedy's was flat according to many members in the audience like John Brewin. He spent his third year of university at the University of British Columbia (UBC) before spending his final undergraduate year back at UofT, where he failed to write his final examinations.  He went to law school twice in the early 1960s, dropping out of both UofT and UBC's programs.

Political career
He left his studies in the 1960s and took up a clerical position with the Socialist International, where he received an invitation to a conference in Ghana. He attended, and instead of returning to Canada, spent more than a year working, traveling, and teaching in various places in Africa. He recalled in his 2005 Massey Lectures that the relatively brief sojourn would be a key influence on his life, especially after the turn of the new millennium.

He came back to Canada at the instigation of Tommy Douglas, and in 1963, at the age of 26, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Following the engineered 1970 resignation of Donald C. MacDonald, Lewis was elected leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party. His initial experience at the helm in the 1971 provincial election was a disappointment, with the party slipping from 20 seats to 19.

A radical left wing group nicknamed The Waffle had gained prominence, with one of its leaders, James Laxer, winning one-third of the vote when he ran to be leader of the federal NDP in 1971. Lewis felt that The Waffle was threatening the credibility and stability of the party and supported a movement against the group in June 1972 on the basis that it was a party within a party.

In 1974, Lewis supported the Elliot Lake miners and advocated to Ontario Premier Bill Davis for the creation of the Royal Commission on the Health and Safety of Workers in Mines. The commission's recommendations led to the creation of the Occupational Health and Safety Act in 1979.

Lewis led a strong campaign during the 1975 election with his oratory and passion bringing new supporters to the party. The NDP highlighted issues such as rent control and workplace safety. Each day, Lewis told the story of a different Ontarian in trouble, making a case that this was because of the lack of adequate legislation. Polls showed the NDP surging and the incumbent Ontario Progressive Conservative Party in freefall and in the course of the campaign Premier William Davis was forced to commit his party to bringing in rent control and other progressive reforms in order to retain power. When the ballots were counted the Tories were reduced to a minority government. Lewis' NDP had doubled its seats from 19 to 38, surpassing the Ontario Liberal Party to become the Official Opposition. To some it appeared that it was only a matter of time before the NDP would form the government.

The next election, in 1977, proved to be a disappointment. The growth of support for the NDP stalled, and while the Tories were kept to a minority, the NDP failed to make any gains. The party was reduced to 33 seats and lost its status as Official Opposition to the Liberals. In 1978, a frustrated Lewis stepped down as party leader and as a Member of Provincial Parliament.

After leaving politics, Lewis served as an arbitrator with the Ontario Ministry of Labour and was a commentator on TV station CITY-TV's CityPulse News and CKEY radio in Toronto and appeared nationally with Dalton Camp and Eric Kierans as part of a weekly political panel on Peter Gzowski's CBC Radio show, Morningside. He would return to the Morningside panel in the late 1980s. In 1982, Lewis won the Gordon Sinclair Award from ACTRA for his commentary on CKEY.

Diplomatic and academic career

After working for several years as a labour mediator, columnist and broadcaster, in 1984 Lewis was appointed Permanent Representative of Canada to the United Nations by Governor General Jeanne Sauvé, on the advice of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. Lewis served at the post until 1988.

From 1995 to 1999, Lewis was deputy director of UNICEF. From 2001 until 2006, he worked as United Nations Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa. In this role, he drew attention to the HIV/AIDS crisis and convinced leaders and the public that they have a responsibility to respond. He has been widely praised for his effectiveness in this role. In 2005 he adapted his Massey Lectures in a book titled "Race Against Time", where he describes the disjuncture between what the international community promises and their actions in responding to the pandemic in Africa.

In May 2006, Lewis joined the Faculty of Social Sciences at McMaster University as a scholar-in-residence. Also in 2006, he was elected a senior fellow of Massey College in the University of Toronto. In 2009, Lewis strongly criticized Pope Benedict XVI's assertion that condom use only makes the AIDS crisis worse.

Stephen Lewis Foundation
Lewis is chair of the board of the Stephen Lewis Foundation, a non-profit organization that helps people affected and infected by HIV/AIDS in Africa.

In October 2009, to raise money for the foundation, Lewis helped with a campaign to dare Canadians to do something for Africa called A Dare to Remember. The campaign saw Lewis, along with musician k-os, Federal NDP leader Jack Layton, Olympic gold medalist Duff Gibson and many other Canadians, performing various dares for the event.  He faced his own personal fears as part of the campaign, and sang live on CBC's The Hour with the band the Arkells.

AIDS-Free World
In 2007, Stephen Lewis and long-time colleague Paula Donovan co-founded AIDS-Free World, a non-profit organization that advocates for more effective global responses to HIV and AIDS.

As a preventative HIV/AIDS strategy, Lewis has made a somewhat controversial call for male circumcision when African boys receive the first of two UN-administered measles vaccination shots, so that their recovery progress can be monitored at the time of the second vaccination.  Many studies have been conducted into the role circumcision can play in reducing the spread of HIV.

Personal
Stephen Lewis is the son of former federal NDP leader David Lewis and the grandson of Moishe Lewis (1888–1950), an activist in the Jewish Bund in Russia and the Jewish Labour Committee in Montreal.

Lewis has three siblings. Two of them were active and high-ranking officials within the Ontario NDP during the 1980s and 1990s: Michael Lewis was the secretary, and Janet Solberg was the president. His second sister is Nina Lewis-Libeskind, the wife and partner of world-renowned architect Daniel Libeskind.

Lewis is married to journalist Michele Landsberg. Their son is broadcaster Avi Lewis, who married journalist and author Naomi Klein. Their daughters are Ilana Naomi Landsberg-Lewis and Jenny Leah Lewis; Ilana serves as executive director of the Stephen Lewis Foundation.

In 2021, Lewis publicly revealed that he is undergoing experimental treatment for inoperable abdominal cancer, which recurred three years after surgery for an earlier occurrence of the disease.

Honours
For his humanitarian work in Africa and the United Nations, the governor general of Canada appointed Lewis a Companion of the Order of Canada on October 10, 2002. His investiture into the order was held on October 23, 2003.  He delivered the annual Massey Lecture in 2005, and it was published in book form under the title  Race Against Time: Searching for Hope in AIDS-Ravaged Africa. The book consists of five lectures that depict the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa, critically examining the international community's passivity as a contributing factor.

In 2006, two new secondary schools in the Toronto area were named after Lewis: Stephen Lewis Secondary School in Mississauga and Stephen Lewis Secondary School in Vaughan. The Mississauga school has a focus on educating students on issues relating to social justice and global citizenship to enhance the Ontario Curriculum.

In 2007, Lewis received the World Citizenship Award, from the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, as well as the Health and Human Rights Leadership Award from Doctors of the World-USA.   Lewis was also invested as a Knight Commander of the Most Dignified Order of Moshoeshoe by King Letsie III of Lesotho.

In 2010, Forbes magazine, in conjunction with their 2010 list of World's Most Powerful People, asked the feminist playwright Eve Ensler to identify Worlds' Most Powerful Feminists. She named Stephen Lewis as one of her top seven.

In 2013, The Mark S. Bonham Centre for Sexual Diversity Studies at the University of Toronto presented Stephen Lewis with the Bonham Centre Award, recognizing his contribution to the advancement and education of human rights issues surrounding sexual education.

Lewis has 33 honorary degrees, 32 from Canadian institutions. This is one of the largest number held by any Canadian.

References

Bibliography

External links

The Stephen Lewis Foundation
Stephen Lewis interviewed on Conversations from Penn State
Audio "Editor's Choice" podcast episodes of Lewis's Massey Lecture series from CBC Radio (MP3 files): Part 1: Context, Part 2: Pandemic, Part 3: Education, Part 4: Women, Part 5: Solutions
World Issues - Local Impact (Feb 2006) – video and audio file of a speech given at the University of British Columbia.
 Lewis at The Canadian Encyclopedia

1937 births
HIV/AIDS activists
Canadian activists
Companions of the Order of Canada
Permanent Representatives of Canada to the United Nations
HIV/AIDS in Africa
Jewish Canadian politicians
Leaders of the Ontario New Democratic Party
Living people
Academic staff of McMaster University
Ontario New Democratic Party MPPs
Politicians from Ottawa
Canadian officials of the United Nations
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
Jewish Canadian writers
Stephen
Writers from Ottawa
Canadian Screen Award winning journalists
Special Envoys of the Secretary-General of the United Nations

Stephen Lewis


Kazuo Uchida (født 18. april 1962) er en japansk fodboldspiller. Han var i perioden 2011 træner for Guams fodboldlandshold.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan
Fodboldtrænere fra Japan

Kazuo Uchida


فريدون زعيم أوغلي  (ولد في 4 ديسمبر 1964) هو شاعر وفنّان تشكيلي من أصل ألماني تركي.

تطوّر زعيم أوغلي منذ 1995 حتى أصبح واحدا من بين الشّعراء المهمين والمعاصرين للغة الألمانية. موضوعه الأساسي مشاكل الجيل الثاني والثالث للمهاجرين الأتراك إلى ألمانيا.

حياته

سيرته الذاتية

إطراء

منشورات

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أتراك مهاجرون إلى ألمانيا الغربية
أتراك مهاجرون إلى ألمانيا
أشخاص اعتنقوا الإسلام
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بولو (تركيا)
روائيون أتراك
فنانون تشكيليون
فنانون وفنانات ألمان
كتاب ألمان
مواليد 1384 هـ
مواليد 1964
مواليد في بولو (تركيا)

فريدون زعيم أوغلي


Primavera nos Dentes - A História dos Secos & Molhados é um livro de autoria de Miguel de Almeida, publicado pela editora Três Estrelas em 2019.

Livros de Portugal
Livros de 2019

Primavera nos dentes (livro)


Alojzija »Lojzika« Ulman (1926. – 1994.), hrvatska povjesničarka umjetnosti, profesorica, kiparica, jedna od najistaknutijih vinkovačkih umjetnika u njegovoj povijesti. Dobitnica papinskog odlikovanja »Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice« Ivana Pavla II. 1989. u Vatikanu.

Osim u vinkovačkoj crkvi sv. Euzebija i Poliona i crkvi u Nuštru, djela joj se nalaze i u Sloveniji, Vojvodini, ali i diljem Europe.

Literatura
 Kraljević, Snježana: Spomen na vrijednu umjetnicu i praktičnu vjernicu, Glas Koncila, god. LIX, br. 2416, str. 23
 Vekić, Matija Maša: Alojzija Ulman - kiparica i povjesničarka umjetnosti, 2020.

Životopisi, Vinkovci
Hrvatski kipari
Hrvatski povjesničari umjetnosti

Alojzija Ulman


Railroad police or railway police are people responsible for the protection of railroad (or railway) properties, facilities, revenue, equipment (train cars and locomotives), and personnel, as well as carried passengers and cargo. Railroad police may also patrol public rail transit systems.

Their exact roles differ from country to country. In some countries, the powers of railroad police are no different from any other sworn law enforcement officer, while in others they are more like security guards. Some are also given extensive additional authority, while those in other jurisdictions are more restricted. In the United States and Canada, railroad police are employed by the major Class I railroads, as well as some smaller ones. In other countries, this work is typically done by territorial police forces rather than specialized agencies. In the United Kingdom, railways fall under the jurisdiction of the British Transport Police, a national transit police force that is responsible for policing all railways and some public transit systems in Britain.

Brazil

The Brazilian's Federal Railroad Police was created in 1852 by decree of the emperor Dom Pedro II, making it the oldest police agency in Brazil. There are some proposals in the Brazilian Senate to reactivate this police agency, as it is considered important to national security.

Canada

Canadian railways, like those of the United States, aided in nation-building and brought new police agencies into existence. Railway constables are given full police powers within 500 meters of property that the railway company owns, possesses or administers. The Canadian Pacific Railway initially relied on the Dominion Police, and later the North-West Mounted Police during construction of the transcontinental railroad, but by the later 1880s were employing their own police.

The large numbers of navvies recruited to build the railways brought security problems for rail companies. In 1900, the CPR established its Special Service Department. It worked closely with municipal, federal, and provincial police and given a mandate to prevent and investigate pilferage, theft, vandalism, and sabotage as well as policing strikes. The CPR Special Service were also responsible for closely guarding Chinese workers, who were considered "detainees" and virtually treated as prisoners under the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885. The Special Service was dissolved in 1904, following a scandal involving the business practices of a CPR Labour Department agent in Montreal, but was resurrected in 1913 as the railway's Department of Investigation.

The Canadian Pacific Police Service, Canadian National Police Service, and VIA Rail Canada Police Service are the only federal railway police services operating in Canada. Police officers for the railways are federally sworn under the Railway Safety Act.  This act allows a superior court (federal) judge to appoint a person as a police constable. These officers are employed by the railway and are in place strategically within Canada's rail infrastructure with a primary focus on reducing deaths and injuries along each railway's network of operations. These officers typically work on investigations involving criminal and provincial violations, such as traffic enforcement and accident investigations, and working to educate the public about the dangers of rail operations and consequences that can result from complacency.

These police officers are also appointed or sworn provincially to provide additional police powers as it relates to each province's interest. The primary jurisdictional police are still responsible for all law enforcement in their jurisdiction, and due to reduced manpower and coverage the railway police are considered a secondary response agency. Often the primary jurisdictional police are required to deal with matters that occur on or in relation to railway property. Depending on the seriousness of the incident, railway police may assume jurisdiction, though due to their reduced numbers and capabilities they may require local police to assume control over an incident and act in a supporting role. Railway police also support local police at incidents not in relation to the railway.

Transit police

Police forces
 Metro Vancouver Transit Police
 Canadian Pacific Police Service
 Canadian National Police Service
 Via Rail Police Service

Special constables

Other large Canadian transit networks use security officers appointed as special constables or peace officers. As special constables, they typically have full police powers when working on transit property to enforce the Criminal Code of Canada, as well as respective Bylaws. Whilst they carry some police equipment, such as a protective vest, baton, handcuffs and pepper spray, they do not carry a firearm. These officers assist local jurisdiction's police officers in investigations of illegal activity on the transit system.
Calgary Transit Public Safety and Enforcement Section
Edmonton Transit Protective Services
GO Transit Special Constables
OC Transpo Special Constable Service
Société de Transport de Montréal Sûreté des réseaux
Toronto Transit Commission Transit Enforcement Unit
Toronto Police Service also has a Transit Patrol Unit to assist TTC special constables and patrol the network.
YRT/Viva Special Constable Services

People's Republic of China

The governing body of almost all railroad operations—the Chinese Ministry of Railways, which was also the owner of a great deal of the country's rail network—operated a massive police force that provided security service inside major railroad hubs and stations and outside along the railroads. Their jurisdiction extends to the limit of MoR property, yet occasionally the jurisdiction overlaps with local forces, in case it was an offence that occurred inside MoR facility, or related to MoR operations.

The railroad police of PRC can be considered as the only civil police force under the command of an agency of central government, more precisely the MoR. Its branches distribute in parallel to the railway bureaus of MoR, and for a period of time, it was considered its subsidiary, since the "railway bureau" is an entity of mixed nature: as a government agency as well as a corporation. Consequently, some railroad police agency will cover several regions of operation on a provincial level. For example, the division level Tianjin railroad police force will answer to the prefecture level Beijing railroad police bureau, despite the fact that regular police force of Tianjin is collateral to its Beijing equivalence. While supervised by the Ministry of Public Security, the force was funded exclusively by MoR itself, therefore often was criticized for protecting corporate interest under MoR. Since it is prevalent in PRC that local police force was conscripted as a private army of individuals, such criticism actually reflects the dispute between local and central government at some level.

Germany
Bahnschutzpolizei was the railroad police of Nazi Germany. It was tasked with railway safety and also with preventing espionage and sabotage of railway property. It was not subordinated to Hauptamt Ordnungspolizei, only the Deutsche Reichsbahn.

Bahnpolizei was the name of the former Railway police of West Germany and fell under the jurisdiction of the Deutsche Bundesbahn federal railway company. Bahnpolizei officers investigated trespassing on rail property, assaults against passengers, terrorism threats targeting the railway, arson, tagging of graffiti on railroad rolling stock or buildings, signal vandalism, pickpocketing, ticket fraud, robbery, and theft of personal belongings, baggage, or freight. They also investigated train/vehicle collisions and hazardous materials releases.

In 1992 the railway security mission was transferred to the Bundesgrenzschutz which resulted in the merger of the Bahnpolizei into the Federal Border Guard Force. The BGS had already taken on these duties in 1990 for the territory of the former East Germany, replacing the former East German Transportpolizei. The Bundesgrenzschutz was then renamed the Bundespolizei (Federal Police) on July 1, 2005, and this force is currently responsible for security and passenger checks on the German railway system.

India

The protection of Indian Railways is carried out by the Railway Protection Force and the Government Railway Police.
The Mission of the Railway Protection Force includes to protect and safeguard railway passengers, passenger area and railway property
and also to ensure the safety, security and boost the confidence of the traveling public in the Indian Railways.

Indonesia
Polsuska (Indonesian: Polisi Khusus Kereta Api or Railroad Special Police) is a law enforcement unit under the auspices of the Indonesian Railway Company. Polsuska in its role as a special railroad police is tasked to: apply sanctions in accordance with legislation and implement security, prevention of crime, and prevent non-justice actions within the scope of the Indonesian railways as a partner of the national police. Polsuska has the responsibilities relating to law and order including security of railway stations and train users. Polsuska officers wear black as their uniform and wear orange berets pulled to the left. Polsuska is trained by but not part of the Indonesian National Police. Polsuska is under the command of the Indonesian Railway Company's Directorate of Safety and Security.

The Commuter Lines which serve Greater Jakarta maintains its own security force which are categorized as security guards, their uniform are light-brown and wear orange vest and are known as (Petugas Keamanan Dalam /PKD). These are not part of Polsuska.

Every railway station in Indonesia also operates several security guards to assist Polsuska in the field of law and order including security. During peak seasons such as during the last days of Ramadan and other national holidays, Polsuska may be assisted by members from the military and police to provide additional security presence within the Indonesian Railways.

Italy
Policing of Italian State Railways (Ferrovie dello Stato) is carried out by the Polizia Ferroviaria, a branch of Italy's national police force (Polizia di Stato) operating under the authority of the Minister of the Interior.

Pakistan

Pakistan Railways Police, an agency under the Ministry of Railways, is responsible for guarding trains and passengers in the country.

Russia
The MVD Transport Department protects the rail system in Russia. The police is part of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and is responsible for protecting the railway, checking train quality, and maintaining railway safety in the Russian Federation.

Switzerland
Switzerland never had a separate transport police because all rail employees had limited police authority. However, due to the introduction of trains with no conductors in the late 1990s, crime in trains increased and the Swiss Federal Railways rail company trained Bahnpolizei officers for its driver-only commuter trains.

In 2002 the SBB-CFF-FFS merged its Bahnpolizei force with the private security company Securitas AG and the resulting Securitrans is now a separate security agency protecting railroad infrastructures.

Since 2011, the rail police has been reorganised, and the Transport Police of Switzerland (Transportpolizei) are state employees, with all officers attending two years of police academy training with final certification.

Transportpolizei officers are sworn as officers to the Swiss Confederation, and thus have the same power to arrest as any other cantonal police officers. As their state counterparts, they usually carry a SIG Sauer P225 and pepper sprays as weapons, along with handcuffs for restrain options.

United Kingdom
The British Transport Police protects the rail system in Great Britain, due to the nationalisation of the railways in 1948. Prior to this, individual railways had their own police forces.

United States

History

The history of railroad police in the United States traces back to the beginnings of the Pinkerton National Detective Agency. In the mid nineteenth century, the number of U.S. Marshals was insufficient to police the railway lines sprawling across the vast frontier.

Passing through areas far removed from the protective measures available in populated centers left railroad lines and their passengers and freight vulnerable to banditry. Through his detective business, Allan Pinkerton met George B. McClellan, the president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad and Illinois Central Railroad, as well as its attorney, Abraham Lincoln. With Lincoln's encouragement, Pinkerton began supplying detectives for the railroad.

Railroad contracts were subsequently a mainstay of Pinkerton's until railroad companies gradually developed their own police departments in the years following the Civil War. After the founding of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers in 1863, Pinkerton's and the new railroad police agencies became instrumental in crushing strikes of rail workers.

Another major concern was pilferage by employees, especially the passenger conductor, who had the greatest authority and freedom on passenger trains and collected ticket fees. Pinkerton began this work for the South Michigan Line in 1854, and on 1 February 1855, he created the North West Police Agency with $10,000 given for the cause by six anxious Midwestern railroads.

Jurisdiction and authority
Some railroad police officers are certified law enforcement officers and may carry full police and arrest powers. The appointment, commissioning, and regulation of railroad police under Section 1704 of the U.S. Crime Control Act of 1990, provides that: "A railroad police officer who is certified or commissioned as a police officer under the laws of any one state shall, in accordance with the regulations issued by the U.S. Secretary of Transportation, be authorized to enforce the laws of any other state in which the rail carrier owns property."

It is important to note that Section 1704 also states that this police authority is to "the extent of the authority of a police officer certified or commissioned under the laws of that jurisdiction". While railroad police officers may have general peace officer authority in some states such as California, they are limited to the railroad's property in other states.

The status of railroad police officers varies by state, in that they are commissioned by the governor of the state in which they reside and/or work in and they may carry both state level arrest powers and some interstate arrest powers as allowed by 49 USC 28101. Although railroad police primarily enforce laws on or near the railroad right-of-way, their police officers can enforce other laws and make arrests off of railroad property depending on the state in which they are working.

Depending upon the state or jurisdiction, railroad police officers may be considered certified police officers, deputized peace officers, or company special agents. In Virginia, for example, any railroad may file an application with the circuit court of any county where it operates to allow the president of the railroad to appoint members of its own police force.

Some of the crimes railroad police investigate include trespassing on the right-of-way of a railroad, assaults against passengers, terrorism threats targeting the railroad, arson, tagging of graffiti on railroad rolling stock or buildings, signal vandalism, pickpocketing, ticket fraud, robbery, and theft of personal belongings, baggage, or freight. Other incidents railroad police investigate include derailments, train/vehicle collisions, vehicle accidents on the right of way, and hazardous materials releases.

Joint Terrorism Task Force
Most railroad police agencies are participants in the FBI's Joint Terrorism Task Force.

Railroad police agencies
Great Lakes Central  Railroad Police

Private railroad agencies
Private railroad police officers are deputized by individual states. For example, in Massachusetts, railroad and ferry company employees may be appointed as special Massachusetts State Police officers with jurisdiction on company property and vehicles. Federal regulations extend the authority granted by one state to a railroad police officer to all the states in which that railroad has property.

Class I:
BNSF Police Department
Canadian National Police
Canadian Pacific Kansas City Police
CSX Transportation Police Department
Norfolk Southern Railway Police Department
Union Pacific Police Department

Class II and III:
AG Valley Railroad Police (Chicago, Illinois)
Alaska Railroad Corporation Police Department (Alaska)
Boston and Maine Railroad Police Department (subsidiary of Pan Am Railways; also covers ex-Maine Central territory owned by PAR) (Massachusetts and Maine)
Florida East Coast Railway Police (Florida)
Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad Police (Indiana)
Morristown & Erie Railway Police (New Jersey)
Napa Valley Railroad Police (Napa Valley, California)
Pacific Harbor Line Railroad Police (California)
Port Terminal Railroad Association Police (Texas)
Seminole Gulf Railway Police (Florida)
R.J. Corman Railroad Police Department (Kentucky)
Terminal Railroad Association of St. Louis Railroad Police (St. Louis, Missouri)

Public rail transit police agencies

The Amtrak Police Department has its own authority under federal law; others listed here are created by state authority (possibly delegated to local governments).

Amtrak Police Department (nationwide)
BART Police (San Francisco Bay Area, California)
DART Transit Police (Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, Texas)
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Police (Massachusetts)
MARTA Police (Atlanta metropolitan area, Georgia)
Metra Police Department (Chicago area, Illinois)
Metro Transit Police Department (Washington DC, Maryland, Virginia)
Metropolitan Transit Police (Minnesota)
Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police Department (New York State)
New Jersey Transit Police Department (New Jersey)
Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation Department Police (NICTD Police) (Indiana)
Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority Police (RTA Police) (Cuyahoga County, Ohio)
SEPTA Transit Police (Pennsylvania)
Utah Transit Authority Police Department (Utah)

Vietnam
Department of Traffic Police, part of Ministry of Public Security, includes a Bureau of Instructing and Organizing Safety of Railway. The Bureau is responsible for protecting the railway, checking train quality and maintaining railway safety.

See also
Auxiliary police
Company police
Railroad Guards (Poland)
Security police
Special police

References

Defunct law enforcement agencies of Germany
Law enforcement in Switzerland
Law enforcement units
Police units of Germany
Railway occupations

Railroad police


Richard "Dick" McTaggart, MBE (* 15. Oktober 1935 in Dundee, Schottland) ist ein ehemaliger britischer Amateurboxer im Leichtgewicht (57 bis 60 kg) und Halbweltergewicht (60 bis 63,5 kg).

Leben
Er wurde 1956 Olympiasieger im Leichtgewicht und wurde mit dem Val-Barker-Pokal, als technisch bester Boxer der Spiele, ausgezeichnet. Darüber hinaus gewann er 1960 die olympische Bronzemedaille im Leichtgewicht und wurde im Jahr darauf Europameister in derselben Gewichtsklasse. Zudem ist er 7-facher Schottischer Meister, 5-facher Englischer Meister und Commonwealth-Champion von 1958.

Richard McTaggart wuchs mit 17 Geschwistern in Schottland auf und begann im Alter von 10 Jahren mit dem Boxsport. Im Laufe seiner Boxkarriere gewann der Rechtsausleger 610 von 634 Kämpfen und erhielt 138 Medaillen, Pokale und Plaketten. Das Dick McTaggart Sports Centre in Dundee ist nach ihm benannt. Später trainierte er die schottische Nationalmannschaft im Boxen und begleitete sie bei internationalen Turnieren, u. a. bei den Olympischen Spielen 1984.

2002 wurde er in die Scottish Sports Hall of Fame aufgenommen, 2010 erhielt er für seine sportlichen Erfolge einen Ehrendoktortitel von der University of Abertay Dundee.

Schottische, Britische und Commonwealth-Meisterschaften

Richard McTaggart wurde 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1964 und 1965 Schottischer Meister. 1956, 1958 und 1960 wurde er Englischer Meister im Leichtgewicht sowie 1963 und 1965 Englischer Meister im Halbweltergewicht. 1954 unterlag er im Englischen Finale des Federgewichts gegen Dave Charnley. 1962 unterlag er im Englischen Leichtgewichtsfinale gegen Brian Whelan.

Er gewann 1958 die 6. Britischen und Commonwealth Games in Cardiff, wobei er im Leichtgewicht John Leckie aus Australien, Thomas Donovan aus Neuseeland und Jim Jordan aus Irland bezwang.

Bei den 7. Britischen und Commonwealth Games 1962 in Perth gewann er die Silbermedaille im Halbweltergewicht. Er siegte dabei gegen Geoff Rees aus Wales und Harvey Reti aus Kanada, ehe er im Finale gegen Clement Quartey aus Ghana unterlag.

Europameisterschaften

Zwischen 1957 und 1965 nahm er an sämtlichen fünf Europameisterschaften teil, wobei er 1961 die Goldmedaille im Leichtgewicht bei den 14. Europameisterschaften in Belgrad gewann. Dabei hatte er Pertti Purhonen aus Finnland, Herbert Olesch aus Deutschland, János Kajdi aus Ungarn und Peter Benedek aus Jugoslawien besiegt.

Bei den 12. Europameisterschaften 1957 in Prag gewann er gegen Mihai Trancă aus Rumänien, unterlag jedoch anschließend dem Schotten John Kidd. Bei den Europameisterschaften 1959 in Luzern unterlag er im ersten Duell Gennadiy Kakoshkin aus der Sowjetunion.

Bei den Europameisterschaften 1963 in Moskau und 1965 in Berlin startete er jeweils im Halbweltergewicht; 1963 besiegte er Jarmo Bergloef aus Finnland, wurde jedoch anschließend vom Deutschen Gerhard Dieter geschlagen. 1965 unterlag er dem mehrfachen Österreichischen Meister Rupert König.

Olympische Spiele

Als erster britischer Boxer war er Teilnehmer an drei Olympischen Spielen; 1956 in Melbourne, 1960 in Rom und 1964 in Tokio.

Bei den 16. Olympischen Spielen 1956 im australischen Melbourne drang er durch Siege gegen Chandrasena Jayasuriya aus Sri Lanka, André Vairolatto aus Frankreich und Anatoli Lagetko aus der Sowjetunion ins Leichtgewichts-Finale vor. Dort bezwang er in einem beeindruckenden Kampf den Deutschen Meister Harry Kurschat nach Punkten und wurde damit nach Frederick Grace (1908) der zweite britische Olympiasieger im Leichtgewicht. Zudem wurde er als bisher einziger Brite mit dem Val-Barker-Pokal als technisch herausragendster Boxer der Spiele ausgezeichnet.

Bei den 17. Olympischen Spielen 1960 in Italiens Hauptstadt Rom siegte er gegen Bhodi Sooknoi aus Thailand, Eddie Blay aus Ghana und Ferenc Kellner aus Ungarn. Erst im Halbfinale unterlag er dem Polen Kazimierz Paździor und gewann damit die Bronzemedaille im Leichtgewicht.

Bei den 18. Olympischen Spielen 1964 in der japanischen Hauptstadt Tokio startete er im Halbweltergewicht. Dort gewann er im ersten Kampf gegen den Australier Julian Rossi, unterlag jedoch im zweiten Duell dem Polen Jerzy Kulej.

Erfolge (Auswahl)

 Amateurbilanz: 610 Siege – 24 Niederlagen

 Royal Air Force Champion: 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958
 Imperial Services Champion: 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958
 Allied Forces Champion: 1956
 Britannia Shield: 1954, 1957
 Duke of Hamilton Plaque: 1962

 Schottischer Meister: 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1964, 1965
 Englischer Meister: 1956, 1958, 1960, 1963, 1965, Zweiter 1954, 1962
 Britischer und Commonwealth-Meister: 1958, Zweiter 1962
 Europameister: 1961
 Olympiasieger: 1956, Dritter 1960

Weblinks
 A Sporting Nation – Dick McTaggart, BBC

 Dick McTaggart, SBHOF
 Dick McTaggart (MBE), Angelfire
 Honorary doctorate for boxer Dick McTaggart, The Courier

Einzelnachweise

Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1956
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1960
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1964
Olympiasieger (Boxen)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Europameister (Boxen)
Englischer Meister (Boxen)
Boxer (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Member des Order of the British Empire
Ehrendoktor der University of Abertay Dundee
Person (Dundee)
Brite
Geboren 1935
Mann
Teilnehmer an den Commonwealth Games (Schottland)
Schottischer Meister (Boxen)

Richard McTaggart


Karataş, Tunceli ilinin Ovacık ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Ekim 1994'te güvenlik güçleri tarafından PKK'ya yönelik başlatılan operasyonlar kapsamında tamamen boşaltılan köyde yakın zamanda yeniden yerleşim başlamıştır.

Coğrafya
Tunceli iline 98 km, Ovacık ilçesine 7 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Ovacık belde ve köyleri

Karataş, Ovacık


Vi kræver ligeløn! er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Lisbeth Dehn Holgersen efter manuskript af Lisbeth Dehn Holgersen.

Handling
Filmen følger arbejderkvindernes kamp for ligeløn i 1971, hvor de forlangte, at LO's forhandlingsledere ikke underskrev overenskomsten uden ligelønskravet var opfyldt. Det gjorde man(d) nu alligevel. Filmen er varm og indimellem underholdende. Kvinder fra andre samfundslag står til rådighed i organiseringen og bakker i det hele taget kampen op, uden at overtage den.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1972

Ligestilling
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Vi kræver ligeløn!


Karlo Emanuel I. Veliki (Rivoli, Savoja, 12. siječnja 1562. – Savigliano, 26. srpnja 1630.), savojski vojvoda od 1580. godine iz savojske dinastije. Imao je i naslov titularnog jeruzalemskog i ciparskog kralja. Bio je sposoban vojnik i lukav političar te promicatelj kulture, umjetnosti i gospodarskog napretka Savoje.

Životopis

Naslijedio je svoga oca, vojvodu Emanuela Filiberta 1580. godine. Godine 1588., uoči izumruća dinastije Valois, postavio je zahtjev za francuskom krunom, ali bezuspješno. Ipak, iskoristio je krizu u Francuskoj te je zauzeo markgrofoviju Saluzzo i izvršio napad na Provansu. Novi francuski kralj Henrik IV. (1589. – 1610.) uspio je prisiliti Karla Emanuela da mu vrati dio stečevina, no Saluzzo je ostao u rukama Savojaca. Poslije tog poraza, Karlo Emanuel je pokušao 1602. godine napasti i osvojiti Ženeva, međutim napad nije uspio.

Dana 10. travnja 1610. godine potpisan je sporazum u Bruzolu između vojvode Karla Emanuela I. i francuskog kralja Henrika IV., kojim je savojska kuća sklopila protuhabsburški savez s cilljem izbacivanja španjolskih i austrijskih trupa iz Italije. Premda je izvršeni atentat na Henrika IV. prekinuo savez, Karlo Emanuel je uspio 1613. godine oteti Monferrato od Španjolaca, što je izazvalo ratni sukob koji je potrajao do 1617. godine i završio Karlovim odreknućem od zauzete kneževine.

Za vrijeme Tridesetogodišnjeg rata (1618. – 1648.), Karlo Emanuel se povezao s protuhabsburškim snagama, nakon što mu je obećana njemačka carska kruna. Unatoč tome, kada mu je u prosincu 1627. godine obećan Monferrato, pridružio se španjolskoj strani. U ožujku 1629. godine doživio je težak poraz od Francuzi te je dogodine umro, ostavljajući vojvodstvo Savoju u teškom položaju.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Karlo Emanuel I. Veliki - Proleksis enciklopedija
 Karlo Emanuel I. - Britannica Online

Savojci
Vitezovi Zlatnoga runa

Karlo Emanuel I. Veliki


Arazbarbuselik (Arazbâr Bûselik), Klasik Türk müziğinde bir birleşik makam.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Arazbar
 Bûselik

Klasik Türk müziği makamları

Arazbarbûselik


Toponyme

 Nommo, localité du Burkina Faso située dans le département de Ouindigui.
 Nommo-Foulbé, localité du Burkina Faso située dans le département de Titao.
 Vallées de Nommo, ensemble de vallées situées sur la planète Vénus.

Autres
 Nommo, génie ancestral des eaux dans la mythologie des Dogons du Mali.
 Prix Nommo, prix littéraire nommé d'après ce génie.

Nommo (homonymie)


Leonid-Otto Ottovici Sirelius (în ) (n. 14 mai 1859 – d. 1930) a fost unul dintre generalii Armatei Țariste Ruse din Primul Război Mondial.

A îndeplinit funcția de comandant al Corpului 4 Siberian rus în campania acesteia din România, având gradul de general de infanterie.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ioanițiu, Alexandru (lt.col.), Războiului României, 1916-1918, vol. I, Tipografia Geniului, București, 1929
  ***, ''România în războiul mondial 1916-1919, vol. I-IV, Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului, București, 1934-1936

Vezi și
 Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial

Nașteri în 1859
Decese în 1930
Generali ruși
Comandanți ruși pe frontul românesc (1916-1918)
Cioturi din proiectul România în Primul Război Mondial

Leonid-Otto Ottovici Sirelius


La estación sencilla Calle 187 hace parte del sistema de transporte masivo de Bogotá, TransMilenio, inaugurado en el año 2000.

Ubicación
La estación está ubicada en el norte de la ciudad, sobre la Autopista Norte entre calles 185 y 187. Se accede a ella por un puente peatonal ubicado entre estas dos vías.

Atiende la demanda de los barrios Mirandela, El Cerezo y sus alrededores.

Cerca de la estación está localizado el Centro Comercial Santafé, los centros comerciales Mirandela Plaza, Plaza Norte, Autopista 184 y el Parque Mirandela.

Historia
Las obras para la extensión de la troncal de la Autopista Norte comenzaron en 2009, año en que se amplío la avenida desde la calle 182 a la calle 192. La estación abrió al público en enero de 2012, con el nombre de «Centro Comercial Santafé», el cual se mantuvo hasta el 2016.

En la noche del 9 de abril de 2013, se registraron los ataques contra esta estación del sistema. En esa ocasión fueron afectadas, a punta de pistolas de balines, las estaciones Calle 100, Calle 106, Prado, Alcalá, Calle 142, Calle 146, Mazurén, Calle 161, Calle 187, y Terminal con Autopista Norte, donde dejaron $22 millones de pesos en pérdidas.

Servicios de la estación

Servicios troncales

Servicios urbanos
Así mismo funcionan las siguientes rutas urbanas del SITP en los costados externos a la estación, circulando por los carriles de tráfico mixto sobre la Autopista Norte, con posibilidad de trasbordo usando la tarjeta TuLlave:

Ubicación geográfica

Referencias

Enlaces externos

TransMilenio

Suba (Bogotá)
Usaquén
Estaciones de TransMilenio

Calle 187 (estación)


Ambrosia beetles are beetles of the weevil subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae), which live in nutritional symbiosis with ambrosia fungi. The beetles excavate tunnels in dead, stressed, and healthy trees in which they cultivate fungal gardens, their sole source of nutrition. After landing on a suitable tree, an ambrosia beetle excavates a tunnel in which it releases spores of its fungal symbiont. The fungus penetrates the plant's xylem tissue, extracts nutrients from it, and concentrates the nutrients on and near the surface of the beetle gallery. Ambrosia fungi are typically poor wood degraders, and instead utilize less demanding nutrients. Symbiotic fungi produce and detoxify ethanol, which is an attractant for Ambrosia beetles and likely prevents growth of antagonistic pathogens and selects for other beneficial symbionts. The majority of ambrosia beetles colonize xylem (sapwood and/or heartwood) of recently dead trees, but some attack stressed trees that are still alive, and a few species attack healthy trees. Species differ in their preference for different parts of trees, different stages of deterioration, and in the shape of their tunnels ("galleries"). However, the majority of ambrosia beetles are not specialized to any taxonomic group of hosts, unlike most phytophagous organisms including the closely related bark beetles.
One species of ambrosia beetle, Austroplatypus incompertus exhibits eusociality, one of the few organisms outside of Hymenoptera and Isoptera to do so.

Classification and diversity

Until recently ambrosia beetles have been placed in independent families Scolytidae and Platypodidae, however, they are in fact some of the most highly derived weevils, and are now placed in the subfamilies Scolytinae and Platypodinae of Family Curculionidae There are about 3,000 known beetle species employing the ambrosia strategy.

Ambrosia beetles are an ecological guild, but not a phylogenetic clade. The ambrosia habit is an example of convergent evolution, as several groups evolved the same symbiotic relationship independently. The highest diversity of ambrosia beetles is in the tropics. In the Paleotropical region, hundreds of species of Xyleborini and Platypodinae are the main agent initiating dead wood decomposition. In the Neotropics, Platypodinae and Xyleborini are joined by the scolytine tribe Cortylini. Compared to the diversity in the tropics, ambrosia beetle fauna in the temperate zone is rather limited. In the Nearctic region it is dominated by a few species from Cortylini, Xyleborini and Xyloterini. In the Palearctic realm, significant groups are Xyloterini and Xyleborini, joined by Scolytoplatypodini in the Far East.

The symbiotic relationship
Beetles and their larvae graze on mycelium exposed on the gallery walls and on bodies called sporodochia, clusters of the fungus' spores. Most ambrosia beetle species don't ingest the wood tissue; instead, the sawdust resulting from the excavation is pushed out of the gallery. Following the larval and pupal stage, adult ambrosia beetles collect masses of fungal spores into their mycangia and leave the gallery to find their own tree.

A few dozen species of ambrosia fungi have been described, currently in the genera Ambrosiella, Meredithiella, and Phialophoropsis (from Microascales), Afroraffaelea and Raffaelea (from Ophiostomatales), Ambrosiozyma (Saccharomycetales), Fusarium and Geosmithia (from Hypocreales),  and Flavodon (from Basidiomycota). Many more species remain to be discovered. Little is known about the bionomy or specificity of ambrosia fungi. Ambrosia fungi are thought to be dependent on transport and inoculation provided by their beetle symbionts, as they have not been found in any other habitat. All ambrosia fungi are probably asexual and clonal. Some beetles are known to acquire ("steal") fungal inoculum from fungal gardens of other ambrosia beetle species.

Evolutionary origin
During their evolution, most scolytid and platypodid weevils became progressively more or less dependent on fungi regularly co-habiting dead trees. This evolution had various outcomes in different groups:
 Some phloem-eating bark beetles (phloeophages) are vectors of phytopathogenic fungi, which in some cases contribute to tree death. The extent to which fungal pathogenicity benefits the beetles themselves is not at all trivial and remains disputed.
 Many of phloem-feeding bark beetles use phloem-infesting fungi as an addition to their diet. Some phloeophages became dependent on such a mixed diet and evolved mycangia to transport their symbionts from maternal trees to newly infested trees. These beetles are called mycophloeophages.
 Ambrosia beetles and ambrosia fungi are thus only one end of the spectrum of the weevil-fungus association, where both the beetle and the fungus became completely dependent on each other.

Impact on forests

The vast majority of ambrosia beetles colonize dead trees, and have minor or no economic effect. A few species are able to colonize living stressed trees (Xylosandrus). A few species are able to attack live and healthy trees, and those can reach epidemic proportions in non-native, invaded regions (Xyleborus glabratus, Euwallacea fornicatus).

Beetle species that readily colonize lumber, such as sawlogs, green lumber, and stave-bolts, often cause region-specific economic loss from the pinhole and stained-wood defects caused by their brood galleries. In Northern USA and Canada, conifer logs are attractive to Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) during the spring swarming flight (Dyer 1967). Previous studies showed that short log sections become attractive more rapidly than corresponding long logs.

See also
 Laurel wilt disease
 Forest pathology
 Euwallacea fornicatus
 Xyleborus glabratus

References

External links

 Images and information on the Ambrosia Symbiosis at the University of Florida.
 The MSU HISL database contains a worldwide species list of Xyleborini, a major group of ambrosia beetles, from the Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae of S.L. Wood and D.E. Bright (1992)
 A USDA-sponsored information resource and key  to the world genera of Xyleborini
 American Bark and Ambrosia Beetles
 More information on ambrosia beetle social behaviour and fungiculture on
 Farewell to taco topping? The effects of the Redbay ambrosia beetle and laurel wilt disease
 Ambrosia beetles on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site
 Platypus spp., ambrosia beetles
 Xylosandrus crassiusculus, Asian (or granulate) ambrosia beetle
 Xylosandrus compactus, black twig borer

Bibliography

Woodboring beetles
Platypodinae
Scolytinae
Insect common names

Ambrosia beetle


Briartit ist ein sehr selten vorkommendes Mineral aus der Mineralklasse der "Sulfide und Sulfosalze". Es kristallisiert im tetragonalen Kristallsystem mit der chemischen Zusammensetzung Cu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4 und damit das Zink-Analogon von Barquillit (Cu2(Cd,Fe)GeS4). Die in den runden Klammern angegebenen Elemente Eisen und Zink können sich in der Formel jeweils gegenseitig vertreten (Substitution, Diadochie), stehen jedoch immer im selben Mengenverhältnis zu den anderen Bestandteilen des Minerals.

Briartit ist in jeder Form undurchsichtig und von grauer, im Auflicht auch graublauer, Farbe. Bisher konnte er nur in Form kleiner Körner bis etwa zwei Millimeter Durchmesser sowie als Inklusion in anderen Sulfiden gefunden werden.

Etymologie und Geschichte
Erstmals entdeckt wurde Briartit in der "Kipushi Mine" (auch "Prinz Léopold Mine") bei Kipushi in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo. Beschrieben wurde er 1965 von J. Francotte, R. Moreau, R. Ottenburgs und C. Lévy, die das Mineral nach Gaston Briart benannten, der die Kipushi-Lagerstätte studierte.

Klassifikation
In der mittlerweile veralteten, aber noch gebräuchlichen 8. Auflage der Mineralsystematik nach Strunz gehörte der Briartit zur Mineralklasse der "Sulfide und Sulfosalze" und dort zur Abteilung der "Sulfide mit dem Stoffmengenverhältnis Metall : Schwefel, Selen, Tellur ≈ 1 : 1", wo er zusammen mit Barquillit, Černýit, Famatinit, Ferrokësterit, Hocartit, Kësterit, Kuramit, Luzonit, Permingeatit, Petrukit, Pirquitasit, Rhodostannit, Sakuraiit, Stannit, Toyohait und Velikit die "Stannit-Gruppe" mit der System-Nr. II/C.06 bildete.

Die seit 2001 gültige und von der International Mineralogical Association (IMA) verwendete 9. Auflage der Strunz'schen Mineralsystematik ordnet den Briartit ebenfalls in die Klasse der "Sulfide und Sulfosalze", dort allerdings in die Abteilung der "Sulfarsenate" ein. Diese Abteilung ist zudem weiter unterteilt nach der Kristallstruktur, so dass das Mineral entsprechend seinem Aufbau in der Unterabteilung der "Sulfarsenate mit (As,Sb)S4-Tetraedern" zu finden ist, wo es zusammen mit Barquillit, Famatinit, Luzonit und Permingeatit die "Luzonit-Gruppe" mit der System-Nr. 2.KA.10 bildet.

Auch die vorwiegend im englischen Sprachraum gebräuchliche Systematik der Minerale nach Dana ordnet den Briartit in die Klasse der "Sulfide und Sulfosalze" und dort in die Abteilung der "Sulfidminerale" ein. Hier ist er zusammen mit Hocartit, Barquillit, Černýit, Ferrokësterit, Kësterit, Kuramit, Pirquitasit, Sakuraiit, Stannit und Velikit in der "Stannitgruppe (Tetragonal: I2m) A2BCS-Typ" mit der System-Nr. 02.09.02 innerhalb der Unterabteilung "Sulfide – einschließlich Selenide und Telluride – mit der Zusammensetzung AmBnXp, mit (m+n):p=1:1" zu finden.

Bildung und Fundorte
Briartit bildet sich als seltene Inklusion in anderen Germanium-Gallium-haltigen Sulfiden. Als Begleitmineral treten unter anderem Chalkopyrit, Galenit, Germanit, Renierit, Sphalerit und Tennantit auf.

Neben seiner Typlokalität "Kipushi Mine" (auch "Prinz Léopold Mine") in der Demokratischen Republik Kongo fand sich das Mineral bisher (Stand: 2012) noch in der Lagerstätte "Plan d'Argut" bei Argut-Dessous im Département Haute-Garonne und bei Bancaïroun (Guillaumes) im Département Alpes-Maritimes in Frankreich, in den "Kamariza Mines" bei Agios Konstantinos in der griechischen Region Attika, in der "Tsumeb Mine" in Namibia, in der "Kabwe Mine" (auch "Broken Hill Mine") bei Kabwe in Sambia, der "Teresita Mine" bei Riosa und der Barquilla Sn-Ge-Cd-Cu-Fe-Lagerstätte bei Salamanca in Spanien sowie in der "Inexco Mine" bei Jamestown im US-Bundesstaat Colorado.

Kristallstruktur
Briartit kristallisiert tetragonal in der  mit den Gitterparametern a = 5,32 Å und c = 10,51 Å sowie 2 Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Minerale

Literatur
 J. Francotte, R. Moreau, R. Ottenburgs, C. Lévy (1965): La briartite, Cu2(Fe,Zn)GeS4, une nouvelle espèce minérale, in: Bulletin de la société française minéralogie et de cristallographie, Band 87 (1965), S. 432–437

Weblinks

 Mineralienatlas:Briartit (Wiki)

Einzelnachweise

Anerkanntes Mineral
Tetragonales Kristallsystem
Sulfide und Sulfosalze
Kupfermineral
Eisenmineral
Zinkmineral
Germaniummineral
Schwefelmineral

Briartit


Kozkule, Sinop ilinin Boyabat ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1925 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır. Daha önceleri Durağan ilçesine bağlıyken, 5 Aralık 1955'te Boyabat ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Sinop il merkezine 117 km, Boyabat ilçe merkezine 27 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Boyabat belde ve köyleri

Kozkule


C'est Noël chez nous (titre original : ) est un film américain réalisé par Debbie Allen, sorti en 2020.

Synopsis

Regina Fuller revient dans la ville où elle a grandi et prévoit de la vendre à des promoteurs, sans tenir compte des habitants.

Fiche technique
 Titre : C'est Noël chez nous
 Titre original : Christmas on the Square
 Réalisation : Debbie Allen
 Scénario : Dolly Parton et Maria S. Schlatter
 Photographie : Oliver Bokelberg
 Montage : Casey O. Rohrs
 Musique : Dolly Parton
 Producteurs : Debbie Allen, Sam Haskell, Dolly Parton et Maria S. Schlatter (producteurs délégués)
 Société de production : Magnolia Hill Productions, Sandollar Productions et Warner Bros. Television
 Pays :
 Genre : Comédie, film musical
 Durée : 98 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
  :

Distribution
 Dolly Parton : Angel
 Jenifer Lewis : Margeline
 Josh Segarra : le pasteur Christian Hathaway
 Jeanine Mason : Felicity Sorenson
 Mary Lane Haskell : Jenna Hathaway
 Treat Williams : Carl Pellam
 Christine Baranski : Regina Fuller
 Mark Daniel Chmiel : Phil le facteur
 Donald Corren : Dr. Marshall
 Mary Donnelly Haskell : Lenore
 Brandon Hudson : Randy
 Matthew Johnson : Mack
 Selah Kimbro Jones : Violet
 Vivian Nixon : Bessie
 Brandon O'Neal : Andy
 Douglas Sills : Jack Fuller
 Carol Swarbrick : Granny Hoover

À noter
 Le film a reçu un accueil mitigé de la critique. Il obtient un score moyen de 51 % sur Metacritic.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2020
Film musical américain de comédie
Film musical américain des années 2020
Film de Warner Bros
Film distribué par Netflix
Film de Noël

C'est Noël chez nous


Skriðuklaustur er en gård i dalen af Fljotsdalur i Island. Det var hjemsted for forfatteren Gunnar Gunnarsson og blev bygget i 1939, tegnet af den tyske arkitekt Fritz Höger, der var ven med Gunnarsson. Huset er i dag et museum for Gunnarsson. Et besøgscenter for Vatnajökull National Park ( på islandsk Vatnajökulsþjóðgarður) ligger ved siden af Skriðuklaustur som hedder Snæfellsstofa.

Höger tegnede en europæisk herregård med stald til 1500 får, heste, køer, svin og fjerkræ, samt udhuse til maskiner og biler. Selve beboelseshuset blev bygget i 1939 og var på 325 m2, og var kun en lille del af de planlagte bygninger, der var planlagt 2800 m2 bygninger. Gunnarsson drømte om et storlandbrug på Skriðuklaustur, men det blev aldrig stort. På sit højdepunkt i 1947 var der 360 får, fem køer, lidt kvæg og svin samt fjerkræ på gården.

Fra 1948 til 1990 drev staten en forsøgsstation for landbrug på Skriðuklaustur. Fra 2000 har stedet været et kulturcenter med gæstelejligheder til forfattere, kunstnere og forskere.

Nedenfor Gunnarssons hus findes klosterruiner. Disse blev udgravet fra 2002 og 10 år frem.

Kilde
 Folder fra stedet: Skriðuklaustur, Menningarsetur & sögustaður Centre of Culture & History

Eksterne henvisninger
 Welcome to Skriðuklaustur
 Vatnajokull National Park | English | Vatnajökulsþjóðgarður - Vatnajökull National Park

Museer på Island

Skriðuklaustur


Cartierul veseliei este un film românesc din 1965 regizat de Manole Marcus. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Klára Sebők, Adrian Moraru, Tanți Cocea și Toma Caragiu.

Rezumat

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

 Klára Sebők — Elena Gheorghe ("Lia"), fiica lui nea Gheorghe, țesătoare la Fibra Fină (menționată Maria Clara Sebök)
 Adrian Moraru — Vasile Dima, muncitor la Metalurgia Rahova, activist utecist, iubitul Liei
 Tanți Cocea — Rada, soția lui nea Gheorghe și mamă a cinci copii
 Toma Caragiu — Gheorghe Gheorghe ("nea Gheorghe"), soțul Radei și tatăl a cinci copii, meșter la Metalurgia Rahova
 Ibolya Farkas — Cecilia, fata cârciumarului din Cartierul veseliei, nevasta lui Jean și amanta lui Gheorghe (menționată Viorica Farkas)
 Ilarion Ciobanu — Gheorghe, fiul lui nea Gheorghe, muncitor la Metalurgia Rahova
 Olga Tudorache — dra Henriette Rahova, fiica patronului uzinei
 Constantin Dinulescu — Vulcăneanu, inspector general al Siguranței Statului, politician legionar, logodnicul drei Rahova
 Ion Besoiu — Alexandru Pietraru, gazetar la ziarul de stânga Munca zilnică, fost coleg de facultate al lui Vulcăneanu
 Gheorghe Pătru — Jean, soțul Ceciliei, spărgător și criminal, condamnat la 5 ani de închisoare
 Matei Alexandru — Ion Barbu ("nea Barbu"), muncitor la Metalurgia Rahova, prietenul lui nea Gheorghe
 Jean Lorin Florescu — Rahova, fiul patronului uzinei
 Willy Ronea — medicul obstetrician colaborator al Siguranței (menționat V. Ronea)
 Gheorghe Nuțescu — Mardare, maistru la Metalurgia Rahova
 Valeriu Valentineanu — Rahova, patronul uzinelor Metalurgia Rahova (menționat V. Valentineanu)
 Cătălina Pintilie — cântăreața de la cârciuma din Cartierul veseliei, iubita ziaristului Pietraru, activistă utecistă
 Constantin Stoica — Gheorghe III, fiul lui nea Gheorghe, ucenic la Metalurgia Rahova
 Nunuța Hodoș — mama muncitorului mort Dumitru Țoiu
 Mihai Mereuță — călăuza ziaristului Pietraru în lumea vagabonzilor de pe malul Dâmboviței
 Nelly Constantinescu
 Mircea Balaban
 Dan Nicolae
 Jana Gorea — Zița Panait, soția muncitorului mort Eftimie Panait
 Ina Don
 Petre Popa — Popa, comisar la Siguranța Statului
 Romulus Neacșu
 Zephi Alșec — membru al Consiliului de Administrație al uzinei Metalurgia Rahova
 Antoaneta Glodeanu
 Ernest Maftei — nea Alecu, muncitor tipograf la Munca zilnică
 Nicolae Praida — agent al Siguranței
 Emil Bozdogescu — Zambilă, ajutorul maistrului Mardare
 Sorin Postelnicu — Cozma, cântăreț la chitară, ucenic la Metalurgia Rahova
 Tudor Mărăscu
 Bucur Stan
 Călina Pandele
 Alexe Marcovici
 Vera Moisescu
 Tedy Dumitriu
 Tănase Gavril
 Paul Strahmuțchi
 Valeriu Popescu
 Dumitru Palade
 Marian Sabin
 Gabriela Furdui
 Gheorghe Șimonca
 Ricardo Colberti

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 2.958.592 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1965 în film

Filme din 1965
Filme regizate de Manole Marcus
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme de comedie românești
Filme cu ilegaliști

Cartierul veseliei


Kompleks objekata Režije duhana u Sinju
Kompleks objekata Režije duhana u Imotskom

Kompleks režije duhana


Jardim de Angicos es un municipio del estado de Rio Grande do Norte localizado en la microrregión de Angicos. De acuerdo con el censo realizado por el IBGE (Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística) en el año 2000, su población es de 2.670 habitantes. Área territorial de 245 km².

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página de la prefectura

Localidades de Río Grande del Norte

Jardín de Angicos


La U.S. Route 195 o Ruta Federal 195 (abreviada US 195) es una autopista federal ubicada en el estado de Idaho. La autopista inicia en el sur desde la  hacia el norte en la . La autopista tiene una longitud de 0,8 km (0.5 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las carreteras estatales, las carreteras interestatales, y el resto de rutas federales, la U.S. Route 195 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Idaho por sus siglas en inglés ITD.

Cruces
La U.S. Route 195 es atravesada principalmente por la .

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial del ITD
 Lista de ciudades servidas por autopistas federales}
 Lista de Autopistas por estado en AARoads.com

Carreteras federales de Idaho

U.S. Route 195


Everyman, deutsch Jedermann, ist ein im Jahr 2006 erschienener Roman des amerikanischen Schriftstellers Philip Roth.

Er schildert das Leben eines Familienvaters und erfolgreichen Art Directors, der während seiner unzähligen Krankenhausaufenthalte auf sein Leben zurückblickt und mit zunehmendem Alter seine Fehltritte im Angesicht der Vergänglichkeit zu bedauern beginnt. Wesentliche Aspekte des Lebens wie Familie, Zuneigung und das Gefühl der Geborgenheit gewinnen immer mehr an Bedeutung, während ihm die Zeit wie Sand zwischen den Fingern zerrinnt.

Inhalt
Der aus einer jüdischen Familie stammende Protagonist, dessen Name dem Leser bis zum Ende des Romans unbekannt bleibt, scheint ein glückliches Leben zu führen. Doch weder die Liebe seiner Eltern, die Zuneigung seiner Familie noch seine Karriere als Art Director können ihn zufriedenstellen. Bald schon sieht er seine Ehe als Gefängniszelle und das Verlangen nach etwas Neuem und Attraktiverem lässt ihn fortan in einer Scheinwelt leben. Seine auf Lügen gegründete Existenz hat drei zerbrochene Ehen und den Hass seiner beiden Söhne zur Folge und entpuppt sich als wahrer Grund seiner Einsamkeit. Durch Malkurse in der Seniorenresidenz versucht er, dieses erdrückende Bewusstsein zu verdrängen, aber Krankheit und Verlust beginnen seinen Alltag immer mehr zu beherrschen und lassen ihn zerbrechlicher werden als je zuvor.

Ausgaben
 Everyman. Houghton Mifflin, New York 2006. ISBN 1-4193-8723-5
 Jedermann.  Deutsch von Werner Schmitz. München, Wien 2006. ISBN 9783446208032

Sekundärliteratur
 Victoria Aarons: Philip Roth's Everyman and the Ironies of Body and Spirit. In: Xavier Review 27:1, 2007, S. 116–127.
 Thomas Austenfeld: Only Sensations Remain: The Hypertrophy of the Aesthetic in Philip Roth's Everyman. In: Swiss Papers in English Language and Literature 20, 2007, S. 207–21.
 Hana Wirth-Nesher: Everyman and Nemesis in Newark: Philip Roth, Hebrew, and. American Writing. In: Jane Roberts und Trudy L. Darby (Hrsg.): English Without Boundaries: Reading English from China to Canada. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle 2017, S. 168–177.

Weblinks
Rezensionen:
 New York Magazine
 The Guardian
 The New York Times
 Perlentaucher.de

Literarisches Werk
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Englisch)
Literatur (Vereinigte Staaten)
Werk von Philip Roth
Roman, Epik

Everyman


Sternotomis virescens este o specie de coleoptere din familia Cerambycidae. Denumirea științifică a speciei a fost publicată pentru prima dată în 1844 de John Obadiah Westwood.

Exemplare din această specie au fost identificate în următoarele țări din Africa Centrală:
 Angola.
 Benin.
 Gabon.
 Ghana.
 Sierra Leone.
 Togo.

Note

Insecte

Sternotomis virescens


Olaylar
 İshak Fakih Camii'nin yapımı tamamlandı.

Doğumlar
 19 Ekim - Marsilio Ficino, İtalyan Yeni Platoncu düşünür (ö. 1499)
 10 Kasım - I. Charles, Burgonya'nin Valois Hanedanından son dükü (ö. 1477)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 III. Ştefan, Boğdan Prensi ve Muşat Hanedanı'nın en yüksek temsilcisi (ö. 1504)
 Thomas Norton, İngiliz şair ve simyacı (ö. 1513)

Ölümler
 1 Aralık - Go-Komatsu, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 100. imparatoru (d. 1377)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Yusuf Emiri, Çağatayca yazan bir şair
 Zheng He, Çinli denizci, amiral ve kâşif (d. 1371)

1433


فابريس فيوريزي  (26 يوليو 1975 في تشامبيري) لاعب كرة قدم فرنسي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الثانية تروا الفرنسي في مركز الوسط المهاجم وأيضا يجيد اللعب في مركز المهاجم .

المسيرة الرياضية
بدأ فيوريزي مسيرته الرياضية في نادي ليون سنة 1996 وفي السنة التالية انتقل إلى نادي غينغان حيث استطاع تسجيل 37 هدف في 111 مباراة . في ديسمبر 2001 انضم إلى نادي باريس سان جيرمان . على الرغم من تدليل الإدارة له إلا أنه كان أكثر اللاعبين تعرضا للكره من مشجعي النادي مما أجبر مسئوليه على التخلي عنه لصالح نادي مرسيليا في أغسطس 2004 . فشل فيوريزي في التأقلم في ناديه الجديد وبالتالي وافق نادي مرسيليا على إعارته إلى نادي الريان القطري طوال موسم 2005-2006 وفي الموسم التالي معارا إلى نادي لوريان . في أول مباراة رسمية سجل هدفين في مرمى ناديه السابق باريس سان جيرمان وقاد نادي لوريان للفوز بنتيجة 3-2 على ملعب حديقة الأمراء ولكنه لم يشارك كثيرا في بقية مباريات الموسم وعاد إلى نادي مرسيليا . بسبب فشل فيوريزي في اكتساب اللياقة البدنية والحظي بثقة المدربين ألبرت إمون وإريك غيريتس فإنه قرر فسخ العقد الذي يربطه بنادي مرسيليا بالتراضي في 31 ديسمبر 2007 . بعد 3 أيام انضم إلى نادي أميين حيث وقع على عقد يمتد لموسم ونصف . غادر النادي في 19 مايو 2008 بعد نهاية مباراة نادي أميين ونادي غويونيون بالتعادل الإيجابي 4-4 متهما إدارة النادي بطموحها الصغير بالبقاء في الدرجة الثانية . في 12 يونيو 2008 وافق فيوريزي على الانضمام إلى صفوف نادي تروا في عقد يمتد لموسمين مجتمعا مجددا بالمدرب لودوفيك باتيلي بعدما كانا معا في نادي أميين .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
لاعبو كرة قدم من أوفيرني-رون ألب
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو أميين
لاعبو أولمبيك مارسيليا
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو باريس سان جيرمان
لاعبو تروا
لاعبو غينغان
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو لوريان
لاعبو أولمبيك ليون
لاعبو نادي الريان
مواليد 1975
رياضيون من سافوا
رياضيون من شامبيري

فابريس فيوريزي


Vodeno tijelo, poput rijeke, jezera, ili kanala, je plovno ako je dovoljno duboko, široko i mirno, te bez prepreka kao što su stijene, drveće i niski mostovi, kako bi vodena plovila (npr. brodovi i čamci) mogla sigurno proći.

Mostovi izgrađeni preko plovnih putova moraju imati dovoljan razmak i visinu iznad riječnog toka. Velika brzina protoka može učiniti rijeku neplovnom zbog opasnosti od sudara brodova.

Vode mogu biti neplovne i zbog leda, osobito zimi ili u planinskim područjima.

Plovnost također ovisi o kontekstu: mala rijeka može biti plovna manjim plovilima kao što su motorni čamac, kanu ili kajak, ali ne može ploviti veći teretnjak ili putnički kruzer.

Plitke rijeke mogu se učiniti plovnima postavljanjem prevodnica koje reguliraju protok i povećavaju uzvodnu razinu vode, ili jaružanjem, koje produbljuje i proširuje dijelove riječnog korita.

Izvori

Plovne vode

Plovnost voda

Definicija plovnosti

Tehnička enciklopedija: Plovnost broda

Promet plovnim vodama

Hidrologija
Vodene mase
Rijeke
Jezera
Kanali

Plovnost


Jim Warren Jones, bedre kendt som Jim Jones (Født d. 13 maj 1931 - død d. 18 november 1978) var en kultleder, der var grundlægger af amerikanske religiøse/politiske organisation Peoples Temple. D. 18 november 1978, ledte han over 900 til at begå selvmord, hvilket skulle blive kendt som massakren i Jonestown.

Religiøse ledere

Jim Jones


Jak Kamhi (13 Haziran 1925, İstanbul - 7 Ekim 2020, İstanbul), Türk iş insanı, Profilo Holding'in kurucusu ve ölümüne dek onursal başkanıydı. Türkiye'de birçok elektronik ürünün ilk üreticisi olması ile bilinmektedir. Ayrıca Alarko Holding'in kurucu ortağıydı.

İlk yılları ve eğitimi
Kamhi, Sefarad Yahudisi bir ailenin çocuğu olarak 13 Haziran 1925 tarihinde İstanbul'da, Pera Palas'ın karşısındaki Gül Apartmanı'nın 3. katındaki bir dairede dünyaya geldi. Kimlikteki ismi Jak Cordoba Sultana Hayim Kamhi'dir. Babası Hayim, annesi Sultana Kamhi'dir. Şarlot isminde bir ablası ve Samuel isminde bir abisi vardı.

Çocukluğu Tepebaşı'nda geçen Kamhi, ilköğretimini Bene Berit İlkokulu'nda (şimdiki Ulus Özel Musevi Okulu), ortaöğretimini Saint Michel Fransız Lisesi'nde tamamladı. Ardından Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi İnşaat Fakültesi'nden mezun oldu ve Fransa'da "çelik konstrüksiyon" alanında ihtisas yaptı.

İş hayatı
17 yaşındayken kauçuk fabrikalarının ithal edemediği kauçuk ham maddesini okuduğu bir kitaptaki şekilde eski kauçuğu rejenere edip yeniden ham madde elde etmesiyle iş hayatı başladı. Fransızcayı çok iyi bir derecede bildiğinden üniversite stajlarında iken tercümanlık da yapıyordu. 19 yaşında bir yol asfaltlama şantiyesinde çalışmaya başladı. Askerliğini 1949 yılında Ankara'da yedek subay olarak yaptı.

1953 yılında Yeşilköy Havaalanı'nın tecridi için ABD'den malzeme getirileceği yönünde bilgi alınca o malzemeyi Türkiye'de üretebileceğini söyledi ve işe koyuldu. Bayındırlık Bakanlığı malzeme ihalesini açtı. Üniversiteden tanıdığı kimya hocasıyla beraber çalıştı ve malzemeyi şartnamesine uygun olarak üretmeyi başardı. Bakanlığın ihalesini kazandı ve iş sonunda kazandığı para onun sermayesi oldu.

Kamhi, bu başarının ardından, genellikle yurt dışından ithal edilen ürünlerin Türkiye'de üretilebileceğini savundu ve bu fikrini gerçekleştirmeye koyuldu. Neredeyse tüm karayollarının inşaatlarına ve birçok müteahhitlere yerli çimento teminine başladı. Türkiye'de ilk buzdolabını, ilk çamaşır makinesini, ilk transistörlü radyosunu ve ilk Honda motosikletlerini Kamhi imal etmiştir.

İleri yıllarda bu işlerine devam ederek, ekonomik darlığın olduğu yıllarda bile Karayolları Müdürlüğü'nün ihtiyacı olan trafik direklerini, yol kenarı çelik bariyerlerini ve bunun gibi birçok malzemeleri üretti. Eminönü, Vatan Caddesi ve Beşiktaş'ta hiçbir şekilde bir bedel almadan üst geçitler yaptı.

1954 yılında kiralık bir işyerinde ilk defa kendi şirketini kurdu. Bu şirket, ileri yıllarda Profilo'ya dönüşecektir. Şirket, ilk olarak profil doğrama işi yapmıştır ve "Profilo" ismini buradan almıştır. İleri zamanlarda Profilo, soğutucu imal ederek ev aletleri üretmeye başlamıştır. 1959 yılında soğutma aksamı haricinde tamamen yerli olanaklarla ilk Frigolux buzdolabını üretmiştir. Bunu ilk yerli otomatik çamaşır makineleri ile birçok yerli mutfak aletinin üretimi takip etti.

1971 yılında bütün işleri tek bir çatı altında toplamak isteyen Kamhi, Profilo Holding A.Ş. şirketini kurmuştur. 1972'de kurduğu Profilo Telra şirketi ile televizyon üretimine başlamıştır. 1991 yılında Profilo Telra, Çerkezköy'deki yeni ve daha büyük üretim yerine geçmiştir.

1997 yılında Mecidiyeköy'de, Türkiye'deki ilk alışveriş merkezlerinden biri olan Profilo Alışveriş Merkezi'ni yapmıştır.

Meslek hayatı boyunca birçok iş-ticaret kurumunun kuruluşunda yer almış ve yönetim kurullarında bulunmuştur. İstanbul Sanayi Odası , İktisadi Kalkınma Vakfı, Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu, Türkiye Metal Sanayicileri Sendikası, Türk-Fransız İş Konseyi ve Türk Sanayicileri ve İş Adamları Derneği gibi birçok kuruluşun uzun yıllar yönetim kurulu üyeliği ve bazılarında başkanlık görevlerini yürütmüştür.

Avrupa'nın sanayi liderleri tarafından kurulan Avrupa Sanayicileri Yuvarlak Masası'na (ERT) 1991 yılında üye olarak çağırılan ilk ve tek Türk sanayicisi Kamhi'dir. Bu görevden 2003 yılında ayrıldı.

2000'li yıllarda Profilo Holding'in maddi sıkıntılara uğraması, Profilo Telra'nın iflasın eşiğine gelmesi ve kendisinin yaşlanması sebebi ile holdingin yönetim kurulu başkanlığından çekildi.

Hayırseverlik ve diğer faaliyetleri

Türkiye'nin dış tanıtımına ve ulusal sanayiye katkıları nedeniyle 1991 yılında ona Dışişleri Bakanlığı Üstün Hizmet Ödülü takdim edilmiştir. Bir dönem Başbakanlık Dış Tanıtım Kurulu üyesi olarak görev yapmıştır. 1992 yılında İstanbul Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi tarafından ona fahri doktora verildi.

Kamhi, hayırseverliği ile de bilinirdi. Türk toplumunun insanlığa örnek sevgi ve hoşgörüsünü tüm dünyaya anlatmak amacıyla 1989 yılında kurulan 500. Yıl Vakfı'nın kuruluşundan 14 Kasım 2008 tarihine kadar başkanlığını yapmıştır. 2008'de kendisine, vakıf tarafından "Onursal Başkanlık" unvanı verilmiştir ve başkanlığa Naim Güleryüz seçilmiştir.

Aynı sırada TESEV'in, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Vakfı'nın, Tarih Vakfı'nın, TUİSAV'ın, Türkiye Avrupa Vakfı'nın, İstanbul Trafik Vakfı'nın ve Marmara Grubu Vakfı'nın kurucu ya da mütevelli heyeti üyesiydi ve Mehmetçik Vakfı'na büyük bağışlarda bulunurdu.

1991 yılında ona Fransız "Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur" nişanı, 1997 yılında da Fransız Cumhurbaşkanı Jacques Chirac tarafından ona "Commandeur dans l'Ordre National du Merite" nişanı ve 2006 yılında yeniden Fransız Cumhurbaşkanı Chirac tarafından ona "Officier de la Légion d'Honneur" nişanı takdim edildi. 2007 yılında Cumhurbaşkanı Ahmet Necdet Sezer tarafından ona Devlet Üstün Hizmet Madalyası takdim edilmiştir.

Ayrıca ABD'de Türk-Amerikan Dernekleri Federasyonu Şeref Madalyası ve Türk-Amerikan Dostluk Konseyi Ticaret Liderliği Ödülü'nü almıştır. 2003 yılında İspanya Kralı I. Juan Carlos tarafından ona "Commander of the Order of the Spanish Civil Merit" nişanı takdim edildi.

Kamhi; Eli Acıman, Sedad Hakkı Eldem, İshak Alaton, Üzeyir Garih, İbrahim Bodur, Vehbi Koç, Rahmi Koç, Turgut Özal, Süleyman Demirel ve Alparslan Türkeş ile yakın irtibat içindeydi.

Kamhi, aynı sırada Yeditepe Üniversitesi Mütevelli Heyeti üyesiydi.

2013 yılında anılarını ve hayatını anlattığı "Gördüklerim - Yaşadıklarım" kitabını yayınlamıştır. Kitabı Remzi Kitabevi ve Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Yayınevi yayınlamaktadır.

Ödüller
  T.C. Dışişleri Bakanlığı: Üstün Hizmet Ödülü (1991)
  Fransa: Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur (1991)
  Fransa: Commandeur dans l'Ordre National du Merite (1997)
  İspanya: Commander of the Order of the Spanish Civil Merit (2003)
  Fransa: Officier de la Légion d'Honneur (2006)
  Türkiye: Devlet Üstün Hizmet Madalyası (2007)
   Türk-Amerikan Dernekleri Federasyonu: Şeref Madalyası
   Türk-Amerikan Dostluk Konseyi: Ticaret Liderliği Ödülü
 TÜHİD: Altın Baget Yönetici Ödülü (2014)
 Global İlişkiler Forumu: Onursal Üyelik Ödülü (2014)

Özel hayatı
İlk evliliğini 1949 yılında Lea Moskoviç ile yaptı. Bu evlilikten Hayati ve Cefi isminde 2 erkek çocuğu oldu. Çift, 1967 yılında ayrıldı.

İkinci evliliğini 1972 yılında Tüli Kamhi ile yaptı. Bu evlilikten de Şinasi Kerem adında bir oğlu oldu. Ayrıca bu evlilikten Tüli Kamhi'nin kızı Nükhet'i manevi kızı olarak aldı.

28 Ocak 1993 tarihinde Jak Kamhi'ye roketli saldırı yapılmak istendi. Saldırganların M72 LAW silahlarını ateşlemekte gecikmesi ve Kamhi'nin korumalarının bu durumu fark ederek ateş etmesi üzerine suikast girişimi başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmıştır.

Jak Kamhi'nin Beylerbeyi'nde bir villası bulunmaktaydı. Bu villanın mimarı, Profilo AVM'nin de mimarı olan Utarit İzgi'dir.

Jak Kamhi, 7 Ekim 2020 tarihinde 95 yaşında Miami'de tedavi gördüğü hastanede vefat etmiştir. 13 Ekim 2020 tarihinde Neve Şalom Sinagogu'nda cenazesi icra olduktan sonra Ulus Arnavutköy Musevi Mezarlığı'na defnedilmiştir. Cumhurbaşkanı Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ın, Jak Kamhi'nin kendi vatanı olan Türkiye'de ölmek istemesini öğrendikten sonra Dışişleri Bakanı Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu'na talimat verdiği ama Kamhi'ye ölümünden önce yetişemedikleri ortaya çıkmıştır.

Kaynakça

Arnavutköy Yahudi Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
1925 doğumlular
20. yüzyıl Türk iş insanları
21. yüzyıl Türk iş insanları
Türkiye Yahudileri
Saint Michel Fransız Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
2020 yılında ölenler
İstanbul doğumlu iş insanları
Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi İnşaat Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler

Jak Kamhi


Gesneriaceae, the gesneriad family, is a family of flowering plants consisting of about 152 genera and ca. 3,540 species in the tropics and subtropics of the Old World (almost all Didymocarpoideae) and the New World (most Gesnerioideae), with a very small number extending to temperate areas. Many species have colorful and showy flowers and are cultivated as ornamental plants.

Etymology
The family name is based on the genus Gesneria, which honours Swiss naturalist and humanist Conrad Gessner.

Description

Most species are herbaceous perennials or subshrubs but a few are woody shrubs or small trees. The phyllotaxy is usually opposite and decussate, but leaves have a spiral or alternate arrangement in some groups.  As with other members of the Lamiales the flowers have a (usually) zygomorphic corolla whose petals are fused into a tube and there is no one character that separates a gesneriad from any other member of Lamiales. Gesneriads differ from related families of the Lamiales in having an unusual inflorescence structure, the "pair-flowered cyme", but some gesneriads lack this characteristic, and some other Lamiales (Calceolariaceae and some Scrophulariaceae) share it.  The ovary can be superior, half-inferior or fully inferior, and the fruit a dry or fleshy capsule or a berry. The seeds are always small and numerous. Gesneriaceae have traditionally been separated from Scrophulariaceae by having a unilocular rather than bilocular ovary, with parietal rather than axile placentation.

Taxonomy
"Gesneriaceae" is a conserved name (nom. cons.), meaning that although alternative, less well used names for the family were published earlier, the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants specifies this as the name to be used. It was published by Louis Claude Richard and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1816. In 1829, Barthélemy Dumortier divided the family into two tribes, based on the number of stamens. However, the only genus he placed in his two-stamen tribe, Columellia, is now placed in the separate family Columelliaceae. Dumortier's publication has been treated as the first for the family by some sources.

Botanists who have made significant contributions to the systematics of the family are George Bentham, Robert Brown, B.L. Burtt, C.B. Clarke, Olive Mary Hilliard, Joseph Dalton Hooker, William Jackson Hooker, Karl Fritsch, Elmer Drew Merrill, Harold E. Moore Jr., John L. Clark, Conrad Vernon Morton, Henry Nicholas Ridley, Laurence Skog, W.T. Wang, Anton Weber, and Hans Wiehler. The Gesneriad Society is an international horticultural society devoted to the promotion, cultivation, and study of Gesneriaceae.

Phylogeny
From about 1997 onwards, molecular phylogenetic studies led to extensive changes in the classification of  the family Gesneriaceae and its genera, many of which have been re-circumscribed or synonymized. New species are still being discovered, particularly in Asia, and may further change generic boundaries. A consensus phylogeny used to build classifications of the family in 2013 and 2020 is shown below (to the level of tribes). The family Calceolariaceae is shown as the sister to Gesneriaceae.

A phylogenomic study published in 2021 which used 418 nuclear genes confirmed the monophyly of all the subfamilies and tribes. It resolved Peltanthera as sister to a clade of Calceolariaceae and Gesneriaceae. Within the Gesnerioideae, Napeantheae rather than Titanotricheae was found to be sister to the remaining tribes. The position of Titanotricheae varied according to the method used to build the cladogram, which the authors suggested was due to incomplete lineage sorting following rapid divergence. The phylogenetic position of Titanotrichum remains unsettled.

The genus Sanango has not always been included in Gesneriaceae. However, molecular phylogenetic studies published up to and including 2021 suggest that it does belong in the family as the most basal member, and it is placed in its own subfamily. The studies also show the genus Peltanthera to be outside the family, although some sources still place it within the Gesneriaceae. The genus Rehmannia has also sometimes been included in the family but is now referred to the family Orobanchaceae.

No single morphological feature absolutely divides two main subfamilies (i.e. forms a uniform synapomorphy). Gesnerioideae seedlings have normal cotyledons of the same size and shape (isocotylous). The cotyledons of Didymocarpoideae are usually, but not always, eventually different in size and shape (anisocotylous). One cotyledon ceases to grow and withers away, while the other continues to grow, and may even form a very large leaf that is the only one the plant has (Monophyllaea, some Streptocarpus). Gesnerioideae flowers usually have four fertile stamens, rarely two or five. Didymocarpoideae flowers usually have two fertile stamens, less often four, rarely one or five.

Subfamilies and genera

On the basis of molecular phylogenetic, morphological and biogeographical differences, the family has been divided into two major subfamilies: subfamily Didymocarpoideae (formerly Cyrtandroideae) with all but one species from the Old World, and subfamily Gesnerioideae native from the Americas west through the Pacific to Australia and southeastern China. The genus Sanango is placed in its own subfamily, Sanangoideae. The two main subfamilies are further divided into tribes and subtribes.

Genera accepted by Plants of the World Online (PoWO)  are listed below, together with their placement in a subfamily and tribe by Weber et al. (2020). Three genera are listed by PoWO but not by Weber et al.: Coptocheile Hoffmanns. (doubtfully placed in Gesneriaceae), Parakohleria Wiehler (now included in Pearcea) and Peltanthera Benth. (excluded from Gesneriaceae by molecular phylogenetic studies).

Ecology
About half of the New World species (i.e. the subfamily Gesnerioideae) are co-adapted to bird pollination, particularly by hummingbirds in the Americas. Bird-pollinated species typically have two-lipped flowers in shades of red; examples are found in the genera Asteranthera, Columnea and Sinningia. Among Old World genera, Aeschynanthus has similar flowers.

Cultivation
Some genera in the family are grown as ornamental plants, both as garden plants and as houseplants. Such genera include: Aeschynanthus, Achimenes, Columnea, Gesneria, Haberlea, Nematanthus (syn. Hypocyrta), Ramonda, and Streptocarpus (Cape primroses, African violets). One of the most familiar members of the family to gardeners are the African violets in Streptocarpus section Saintpaulia.  Gesneriads are divided culturally into three groups on the basis of whether, and how, their stems are modified into storage organs: rhizomatous, tuberous, and "fibrous-rooted", meaning those that lack such storage structures (although all gesneriads have fibrous roots).

References

External links

World Checklist of Gesneriaceae
Genera of Gesneriaceae
Gesneriad Reference Web
Gesneriaceae:  A Scientific Overview, by Prof. Anton Weber (on the Gesneriad Reference Web)
Gesneriaceae in Flora of China
The Gesneriad Society (formerly the American Gloxinia and Gesneriad Society)
Annotated Bibliography of the Gesneriaceae
Phylogenetic relationships in the Gesnerioideae (Gesneriaceae) based on nrDNA ITS and cpDNA trnL-F and trnE-T spacer region sequences  (link to abstract)
Evolution of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) in the Pacific Ocean: the origin of a supertramp clade
Weber, A. 2004. Gesneriaceae and Scrophulariaceae: Robert Brown and now. Telopea 10(2): 543-571.
Gesneriaceae: All you need to know about gesneriads.

Lamiales families

Gesneriaceae


În județul Argeș din România, au existat în trecut mai multe sate numite Secăturile, astăzi având alte nume:
 Gruiu (comuna Nucșoara);
 Bădila.

Secăturile, Argeș


Reform (islandsk: Viðreisn) er et liberalt politisk parti i Island, der blev stiftet den 24. maj 2016, fem måneder før Altingsvalget 2016, hvor partiet fik syv mandater.

Historie
Partiet udsprang fra Selvstændighedspartiets EU-venlige venstrefløj omkring tidligere statsminister Þorsteinn Pálsson. Da Selvstændighedspartiet brød et valgløfte om at holde en folkeafstemning om islandsk EU-medlemskab, besluttede de i 2014 at forlade partiet og etablerede Reform som et politisk netværk, der i 2016 blev omdannet til et egentlig parti.
Netværkets grundlægger Benedikt Jóhannesson blev partiformand og indgik efter valget i 2016 i en borgerlig trepartiregering med Selvstændighedspartiet og det andet liberale midterparti Lys Fremtid, som han havde indgået en tæt alliance med.

Regeringen sprak i september 2017 pga. afsløringer af, at fremtrædende medlemmer af Selvstændighedspartiet (herunder statsministerens far) havde underskrevet vidnesbyrd til støtte for æresoprejsning af personer dømt for seksuelt misbrug af børn, og at statsministeren havde undladt at oplyse sine koalitionspartnere om dette.

Reform klarede sig dårligt i valgkampen og måtte to uger før valget udskifte deres formand Benedikt Jóhannesson med Selvstændighedspartiets tidligere næstformand Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir for at klare spærregrænsen, hvilket lykkedes, men partiet mistede tre af deres syv mandater.

Politik
Reform er tilhængere af islandsk EU-medlemskab og indførelse af Euroen, frihandel, forfatningsreform, en grøn miljøpolitik og en liberal indvandrerpolitik med let adgang for udenlandsk arbejdskraft til det islandsk arbejdsmarked.

Navnet
Partiets islandske navn Viðreisn betyder genrejsning eller genoprettelse. Viðreisnarstjornin ("genrejsningsregeringen") var navnet på den koalition mellem Selvstændighedspartiet og det islandske socialdemokrati, der styrede landet 1959-71, en periode præget af stor økonomisk vækst og væsentlige samfundsreformer. Det refererer dermed tilbage til en pragmatisk, midterorienteret og kompromisvenlig tradition indenfor Selvstændighedspartiet, som partistifterne anså partiet havde forladt.

Valgresultater

Partiformænd
 Benedikt Jóhannesson (2016-2017)
 Þorgerður Katrín Gunnarsdóttir (2017-)

Referencer

Politiske partier i Island
Liberale partier
Etableret i 2016

Reform (islandsk parti)


Alexandre-Vincent Pineux Duval (6 April 1767, in Rennes – 1 September 1842, in Paris) was a French dramatist, sailor, architect, actor, theatre manager. He was the eighth member elected to occupy seat 4 of the Académie française in 1812.

Duval was brother to the diplomat Amaury Duval (1760–1838).

Bibliography
 Les Projets de mariage (1790)
 Les Tuteurs vengés (1794)
La Manie d'être quelque chose (1795)
Le Défenseur officieux (1795)
La Jeunesse de Richelieu (1796)
Les Héritiers ou le Naufrage, comédie en 1 acte et en prose (représentée pour la première fois le 27 novembre 1796)
Maison à vendre (1800) ;
Édouard en Écosse (1801), en 3 actes et en prose
Guillaume le Conquérant (1803)
Shakespeare amoureux (1804)
Le Menuisier de Livonie (1805)
Le Tyran domestique, en 5 actes et en vers (1805)
La Jeunesse d'Henri V, en 3 actes (1806)
Le faux Stanislas (1809)
Le Chevalier d'industrie en 5 actes et en vers (1809)
Le Retour d'un croisé, parodie des mélodrames alors en vogue (1810)
La Manie des grandeurs, en 5 actes et en vers (1817)
 La manie des grandeurs (1817)
 Le Faux Bonhomme (1821)
La Fille d'honneur, en 5 actes et en vers (1819)

Libretti
Le Prisonnier, musique de Domenico Della-Maria, créé le 10 pluviôse an VI, Opéra-Comique (salle Favart) ;
Le Vieux Château, musique de Domenico Della-Maria, créé le 25 ventôse an VI, théâtre Feydeau ;
L'Oncle valet, musique de Domenico Della-Maria, créé le 18 frimaire an VII, Opéra-Comique (salle Favart) ;
Le Trente et Quarante, ou le Portrait, musique d'Angelo Tarchi, créé le 17 floréal an VI, Opéra-Comique (salle Favart) ;
La Maison du Marais ou Trois ans d'absence, musique de Domenico Della-Maria, créé le 17 brumaire an VIII, Opéra-Comique (salle Favart) ;
Maison à vendre, musique de Nicolas Dalayrac, créé le 1er brumaire an IX, Opéra-Comique (salle Favart) ;
Joseph, opéra biblique en trois actes, musique d'Étienne-Nicolas Méhul, créé le 17 février 1807, Opéra-Comique (théâtre Feydeau).

He also published a collection of his works in 9 volumes (1812–1825).

Notes

References

1767 births
1842 deaths
Members of the Académie Française
Officers of the Legion of Honour
Writers from Rennes
19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
French librettists
French theatre managers and producers
Actors from Rennes
Businesspeople from Rennes

Alexandre-Vincent Pineux Duval


Dale Norman Campbell-Savours, Baron Campbell-Savours (born 23 August 1943) is a British Labour Party politician. The Member of Parliament (MP) for Workington from 1979 to 2001, he now sits in the House of Lords.

Early life
Campbell-Savours was educated at Keswick School and at The Sorbonne, Paris, and became Managing Director of a clock and metal component manufacturing company. He married Gudrun Kristin Runolfsdottir in 1970, and they had three sons. One is currently an Allerdale Borough Councillor for the Keswick ward.

Parliamentary career
A councillor on Ramsbottom Urban District Council from 1972–1974, he contested Darwen at both the February 1974 and October 1974 general elections and then Workington at a by-election in 1976. He was elected Member of Parliament for Workington at the 1979 general election. He represented Workington until his retirement from the House of Commons in 2001.

Campbell-Savours was opposition spokesman for international development (1991–1992) and for food, agriculture and rural affairs (1992–1994), but then resigned from the front bench due to ill health. He was a member of various select committees, including: agriculture (1994–1996); standards and privileges (1995–2001); and the Intelligence and Security Committee (1995–2001).

House of Lords
He was created a life peer as Baron Campbell-Savours, of Allerdale in the County of Cumbria on 4 July 2001 and now sits in the House of Lords.

His political interests are listed as social work, education and health reform, and industrial democracy. He is Patron of the Cumbria Deaf Association, The Rural Academy Cumbria, and is President of both Allerdale Mind, and the Cumberland County League. He enjoys trout fishing and music in his spare time.

Campbell-Savours is a strong advocate for reform of rape laws to prevent innocent men being victims of false allegations. Most notably he used his Parliamentary privilege to reveal the identity of a serial false accuser, who had previously remained anonymous due to laws which protect women who report sexual assault. The move was described as "outrageous" by women's rights campaigners, who claimed that the decision to name the woman was illegal, an attack on anonymity laws and amounted to persecution of women who report rape. The named woman, who was never convicted of perverting the course of justice, said that Campbell-Savours decision was a "setback for all victims of sexual assault".

References

External links

Announcement of his introduction at the House of Lords House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 19 July 2001

1943 births
Living people
Confederation of Health Service Employees-sponsored MPs
Labour Party (UK) life peers
University of Paris alumni
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Cumbria MPs
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
Politics of Allerdale
People educated at Keswick School
British expatriates in France
Life peers created by Elizabeth II

Dale Campbell-Savours


أدوبي فايروركس  هو محرر رسوميات نقطية ومتجهة. تم تطويره في الأصل من قبل ماكروميديا التي استحوذت عليها أدوبي عام 2005، وهو موجه لمصممي الويب. تم تصمميه ليتم دمجه مع منتجات ماكروميديا الأخرى السابقة، مثل أدوبي دريم ويفر وأدوبي فلاش. فايروركس متاح كبرنامج مستقل أو في باقة الإبداع 3. النسخة 8 كانت مجمعة في ماكروميديا ستوديو 8.

واجهة المستخدم

واجهة المستخدم في فايروركس تتسق مع بقية مجموعة برامج أدوب كرييتف سويت، ومشابهة لواجهة أدوبي فوتوشوب، وعلى نظام ماك أو إس إكس OS X ، يمكن ان تعرض التطبيق في وضع متعدد المستندات، أو واجهة العرض القياسية حيث تطفو كافة أشرطة الأدوات بحرية على الشاشة.

الميزات

الطبقات الهرمية

جميع الطبقات يمكن الوصول إليها من لوحة الطبقات، الطبقات قد تكون أعرض أو أطول من الصورة نفسها، ومع ذلك يتم إنتاج الصورة النهائية عن طريق إخفاء تلك المناطق الخارجة عن الحدود في الصورة.

الأدلة الذكية

فايروركس يدعم الأدلة، والخطوط الأفقية أو العمودية التي تتصرف مثل المسطرة في العالم الحقيقي للمساعدة في الرسم، وتناسب المحتوى وتركيب الصورة، يمكن للمستخدم وضع أدلة واحدة أو أكثر على الصورة في أي وقت واستخدامها كأداة مساعدة بصرية، على سبيل المثال الدليل مفيد عندما تحتاج لوضع مقطع من النص ليتماشى مع رسومات أخرى، بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن للمستخدم تمكين ميزة الجذب التي تسهل تموضع الكائنات «جزء من صورة أو نص أو طبقة» إلى المكان المطلوب وضعها بدقة ويسر .

الأدلة الذكية لا يتم وضعها من قبل المستخدمين، انها مناطق من الصورة التي قد تهم المستخدم مثل حدود الصور، وسط الصورة أو الحدود العامة لكائن آخر، عندما تقوم بإدراج كائن، يحاول فايروركس تخمين ما ينوي المستخدم القيام به مع هذا الكائن ويقوم برسم تموضع ونسب مؤقتة كتلميح، هذه الميزة إضيفت مع الإصدار CS4.

تاريخ الإصدارات

 في عام 1998 ماكروميديا فايروركس
 في عام 1999 ماكروميديا فايروركس 2
 في عام 2000 ماكروميديا فايروركس 3
 في عام 2001 ماكروميديا فايروركس 4
 في عام 2002 ماكروميديا فايروركس (6) MX
 في عام 2003 ماكروميديا فايروركس (7) MX
 في عام 2005 ماكروميديا فايروركس 8
 في عام 2007 أدوبي فايروركس (9) CS3
 في عام 2008 أدوبي فايروركس (10) CS4
 في عام 2010 أدوبي فايروركس (11) CS5
 في عام 2011 أدوبي فايروركس (11.1) CS5.1
 في عام 2012 أدوبي فايروركس (12) CS6
 في عام 2014 أدوبي فايروركس (13) cc 2014
 في عام 2015 أدوبي فايروركس (14) cc 2015
 في عام 2016 أدوبي فايروركس (15) cc 2016
 في عام 2017 أدوبي فايروركس (16) cc 2017

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أدوبي كريتيف سويت
برامج متعلقة بويندوز
برمجيات 1998
ف
برمجيات بلغة سي++
برمجيات ماك أو إس
برمجيات ماكروميديا
محررات رسوميات متجهية
محررات رسوميات نقطية
منتجات عرضت في 1998

أدوبي فايروركس


فيلم مصري كوميدي إنتاج عام 1985م. ويحكى عن موظف يعمل كمحلل شرعي لرؤسائه، والقصة والسيناريو والحوار لحلمى سالم. إخراج عادل صادق.
 تتشابه أحداث هذا العمل مع أحداث فيلم مصري أنتج عام 1948 اسمه طلاق سعاد هانم. ومع فيلم آخر هو جوز مراتي.

بطولة

 عادل إمام
 ليلى علوي
 فؤاد المهندس
 محمد رضا
 هالة صدقي

وصلة خارجية
زوج تحت الطلب على قاعدة بيانات الأفلام العربية.

أفلام عادل إمام
أفلام عن الزواج
أفلام عن الطلاق
أفلام فؤاد المهندس
أفلام كوميدية مصرية
أفلام ليلى علوي
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1985
أفلام هالة صدقي

زوج تحت الطلب (فيلم)