Call of Duty: Black Ops II ist ein Ego-Shooter, der von Treyarch entwickelt und von Activision publiziert wird. Die Erstveröffentlichung war am 13. November 2012 für die Plattformen Windows, Xbox 360 und PlayStation 3. April 2017 wurde das Spiel abwärtskompatibel mit der Xbox One. Es war auch unter anderem ein Launchtitel der Wii U vom 30. November 2012. Innerhalb eines Tages erzielte das Spiel einen Umsatz von 500 Millionen US-Dollar, der bis dahin erfolgreichste Verkaufsstart eines Videospieles. Nach 15 Tagen hatte das Spiel einen weltweiten Umsatz von mehr als einer Milliarde US-Dollar erreicht. Bis 2013 wurden über 24,3 Millionen Exemplare verkauft.

Als neunter Teil der Call-of-Duty-Serie knüpft er direkt an die Geschehnisse des Vorgängertitels Call of Duty: Black Ops an. Die Handlung spielt teils in den 1980er Jahren und im Jahre 2025. Der Spieler kann unter anderem durch die neuen Strike-Force-Modi die Handlung durch eigene Entscheidungen beeinflussen. Das Setting soll sich in einzelnen Abschnitten an Echtzeit-Strategiespielen orientieren.

Handlung

Hintergrund
Die Welt hat sich rasant weiterentwickelt: Treyarch führt den Grundsatz des Mooreschen Gesetzes weiter, laut dem sich die Rechenleistung ungefähr alle zwei Jahre verdoppelt. Demnach werden im Jahre 2025 Supercomputer, die für heutige Zeiten undenkbar sind, auch im Kleinformat verfügbar sein. Dieser Wandel hat auch das Militär deutlich beeinflusst. Weltmächte wie die USA und China haben ihre Armeen größtenteils durch unbemannte Roboter, Mechs und Drohnen ersetzt; bedeutend weniger menschliche Soldaten sind noch im Dienst.

Diese Entwicklung steht unter starker Kritik; es bestehe ein potenzielles Sicherheitsrisiko, dass jemand die Kontrolle über die unbemannten Maschinen übernimmt und gegen die ursprünglichen Betreiber selbst richtet.

Haupthandlung
Die Welt befindet sich inmitten eines "zweiten kalten Krieges" zwischen der Volksrepublik China und den Vereinigten Staaten um die kostbaren Metalle der Seltenen Erden, jene 17 Elemente, die für die moderne Technik unerlässlich sind. Als in China große Mengen solcher Metalle entdeckt werden, stammen mittlerweile 95 % des weltweiten Angebotes dieser Metalle aus China, was insbesondere die Vereinigten Staaten in Abhängigkeit von China bringt. Als China jedoch den Export dieser Metalle verbietet, legt ein Cyberangriff die chinesischen Börsen lahm. Seitdem befinden sich die Länder in einem unterschwelligen Konflikt; die Spannungen nehmen jedoch zu, und es besteht ähnlich wie zur Zeit des Kalten Krieges eine permanente Gefahr, dass es tatsächlich zu kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen kommt.

Dieser Konflikt wird von dem Terroristen Raul Menendez geschürt, der die Terrororganisation Cordis Die führt, die über eine Milliarde Anhänger hat. Im Verlauf der Handlung wird Menendez' Hintergrund beleuchtet, der den amerikanischen Kapitalismus für das Leiden und den Tod seiner geliebten Schwester Josefina verantwortlich macht.

Die spielbare Handlung beginnt im Jahre 1986 inmitten des Bürgerkrieges in Angola. Alex Mason und Jason Hudson sind auf der Suche nach ihrem Kameraden Frank Woods. Im Austausch gegen Informationen über dessen Aufenthaltsort unterstützen sie Jonas Savimbi im Kampf gegen die MPLA. Schließlich finden sie Woods, der von dem Waffenhändler Menendez gefangen gehalten wird. Es kommt zu einem Handgemenge zwischen Mason und Menendez, in dessen Folge sich ein Schuss löst, der Menendez' Gesicht trifft, was ihn zeit seines Lebens entstellen wird.

Die nächste Mission spielt im Jahre 2025 in Myanmar, wo Alex' Sohn David zusammen mit seinen Kameraden Mike Harper und Javier Salazar in eine Forschungseinrichtung des mittlerweile zum Terroristen gewordenen Raul Menendez eindringt, um Informationen über die seltene Erde Celerium zu erhalten. Dort finden sie zusätzlich Informationen über eine Cyberwaffe namens Karma.

Im Jahre 1985 versuchen Mason, Woods und Hudson Informationen über Menendez' Engagement im Afghanistan-Krieg zu erhalten. Sie kämpfen zusammen mit den Mudschaheddin gegen die Sowjetarmee, werden aber letzten Endes von den Islamisten, die mit Menendez kooperieren, verraten. Nach ihrer Rettung gehen sie nach Nicaragua, um mit Hilfe von Manuel Noriega Menendez dingfest zu machen. Beim Anblick von Menendez verliert Woods, der von Menendez in Angola gefoltert wurde, die Nerven und wirft eine Handgranate auf diesen. Die Granate tötet allerdings Menendez' Schwester Josefina, auch Menendez stirbt scheinbar. Auf Hudsons Wunsch hin wird Stillschweigen über die Ereignisse vereinbart.

Es erfolgt ein Wechsel ins Jahr 2025, wo David und Mike einen von Menendez' Stützpunkten infiltrieren und wieder Hinweise auf Karma finden. Die Spur führt auf die schwimmende Stadt COLOSSUS, wo sie schließlich Karma finden, die sich als Mensch entpuppt: Es handelt sich um die Hackerin Chloe Lynch, die offenbar für Cordis von großer Wichtigkeit ist, da der Söldner DeFalco versucht, Chloe zu entführen, was David zu verhindern versucht.

Die Handlung springt ins Jahr 1989. Während der Invasion Panamas erhalten Mason und Woods den Auftrag, Manuel Noriega festzunehmen. Nachdem es ihnen gelungen ist, bekommen sie von Hudson den Befehl, Noriega gegen einen prominenten Gefangenen auszutauschen. Dieser ist niemand anderes als Menendez. Woods bekommt den Auftrag, den gefesselten und vermummten Menendez mit einem Scharfschützengewehr zu töten. Doch es ist eine Falle von Menendez und Noriega: In Wahrheit ist der Gefangene Mason und sie haben Hudson mit der Drohung, Alex' Sohn David zu töten, gefügig gemacht. Menendez verstümmelt Woods, indem er ihm die Kniescheiben zerschießt und tötet Hudson. Dem ebenfalls anwesenden, jugendlichen David verspricht er, dass sie sich eines Tages wiedersehen werden.

Im Jahre 2025 ist es David, der von Woods über das Schicksal seines Vaters aufgeklärt wurde, gelungen, einen Maulwurf namens Farid in Menendez' Organisation einzuschleusen, mit dem Ziel, Menendez dingfest zu machen. Nachdem dieses gelungen ist, wird er auf den (fiktiven) Flugzeugträger USS Barack Obama gebracht. Dieser wird jedoch nach kurzer Zeit von Söldnertruppen angegriffen, Menendez befreit sich und erobert die Kommandozentrale der Obama. Dort lädt er einen Computervirus in das Netzwerk der US-Army hoch, mit dessen Hilfe er die Kontrolle über die Drohnenflotte der USA erlangt und entkommt.

Sein erstes Angriffsziel ist das Treffen der G7-Staatschefs in Los Angeles und David bekommt den Auftrag, die US-Präsidentin zu schützen. Nachdem die Präsidentin in Sicherheit gebracht ist, kann endlich der Standort von Menendez' Hauptquartier ermittelt werden, es befindet sich auf Haiti. Die Invasion gelingt, Menendez ist zunächst unauffindbar, meldet sich aber per Livestream weltweit zu Wort. Er ruft eine Revolution gegen die Regierungen der Welt aus und zerstört die gesamte Drohnenflotte der USA. David verfolgt den in US-Uniform fliehenden Menendez und in den Trümmern der Anlage kommt es zur finalen Konfrontation.

Es folgt der Abspann, in dem die nachfolgenden Ereignisse, beinhaltend die Konsequenzen der durch den Spieler getroffenen Entscheidungen dargestellt werden, sodass es mehrere Ausgänge der Geschichte gibt. Nach dem Abspann folgt ein Live-Auftritt von Avenged Sevenfold im Club Solar, mit Woods am Schlagzeug, Menendez an der Gitarre und allen Haupt- und Nebencharakteren des Spiels im Publikum, die den Auftritt bejubeln.

Spielprinzip
Rund ein Drittel der Missionen spielen als Rückblenden in den 1980er, beispielsweise während der sowjetischen Intervention in Afghanistan. In diesen Missionen stehen Alex Mason sowie Frank Woods, zwei aus Black Ops bekannte Protagonisten im Mittelpunkt. Dabei soll vor allem die Vergangenheit von Raul Menendez aufgeklärt werden, während im Zentrum die Handlung in der Zukunft steht. In der Gegenwart spielt man hauptsächlich den Soldaten David Mason.

Strike-Force
Es gibt neue, sogenannte Strike-Force-Missionen. Diese Missionen sind in die Hauptkampagne eingebettet und Teil der Handlung. Bei der Missionswahl kann der Spieler zwischen mehreren Missionen wählen, um eine davon selbst zu übernehmen, die anderen werden von Verbündeten erledigt. Deren Ausgang wird erst später in der Handlung bekannt. Es ist irrelevant, ob eine Mission komplett absolviert wurde, die Handlung wird unabhängig davon fortgesetzt. Somit werden verschiedene Handlungsverläufe und unterschiedliche Spielenden ermöglicht, durch die der Spieler animiert werden soll unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten auszuprobieren. Durch diese Missionen soll der Wiederspielwert gesteigert werden.

Überlebenskampf
Treyarch hat den aus Call of Duty: World at War und Call of Duty: Black Ops bekannten Überlebenskampf wieder in das Spiel eingebaut. Dieser kann von mit bis zu 4 Spielern im Koop-Modus zusammengespielt werden, wobei die Level im Vergleich zu den Vorgängern vergrößert wurden. Dabei steht eine Karte zur Auswahl die in 3 Teile gegliedert ist. Im Überlebensmodus 'Schmerz' sind 8 Spieler (2 Gruppen je 4 Spieler) möglich. Weitere Karten werden in 4 Kartenpaketen vorhanden sein/Revolution/Uprising/Vengeance/Apocalypse.

Mehrspielermodus
Der Mehrspielermodus ist so wie bei den Vorgängern erhalten geblieben.

Öffentlicher Modus
Im Gegensatz zum Einzelspieler beziehungsweise der Kampagne verzichtet der Mehrspielermodus weitgehend auf eine Geschichte. Es stehen insgesamt zwölf Modi im Normalmodus zur Auswahl (Hardcore fünf Modi). Hinzu kommen die Liga-Modi. Die zwölf Modi im öffentlichen Modus sind:

Bei allen Modi ist ein limitierender Timer enthalten, welcher das Spiel nach einer bestimmten Zeit beendet. Das Team mit den meisten Punkten hat das Spiel gewonnen. Bei gleichen Punkten wird das Spiel mit einem Unentschieden beendet.

Liga-Modi
Im Gegensatz zum öffentlichen Modus stellt das System in den Liga-Modi die Teams so zusammen, dass sich möglichst gleich gute Spieler gegenüberstehen. Diese Variable wird im öffentlichen Modus absichtlich außer Acht gelassen. Um die Fähigkeiten eines Spielers einzuschätzen muss dieser 5 Klassifizierungsspiele absolviert haben. Dabei wird auf das Verhältnis der Abschüsse im Vergleich zu den eigenen Toden geachtet.
Die Klassifizierung erfolgt in sogenannte Divisionen.

Es existieren drei Ligen, die Mosh-Pit-Liga, die World-League und die Team-Deathmatch-Liga.

Mosh-Pit-Liga
Die Mosh-Pit-Liga ist für das obere Segment der "Hobby"-Spieler konzipiert. Folgende Modi auf allen Karten werden dort gespielt: Team Deathmatch, Kill Confirmed, Capture the Flag, Hardpoint, Domination.

World-League
Die World-League ist wiederum für die semi-professionellen Spieler konzipiert. Folgende Modi auf allen Karten werden dort gespielt: Capture the Flag, Search and Destroy, Hardpoint.

Team-Deathmatch-Liga
In der Team-Deathmatch-Liga wird ausschließlich Team Deathmatch gespielt.
Dieses wird auf allen Karten des Spieles ausgeführt.

Entwicklungsgeschichte
Zur Veröffentlichung von Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3 sagte Activision-Blizzard-CEO Robert Kotick aus, dass man bereits an einem neuen Ableger für die Call-of-Duty-Serie arbeite. Am 9. Februar 2012 wurde offiziell die Veröffentlichung eines neuen Titels bekanntgegeben, mit der Aussage, er werde "bedeutungsvolle Innovationen" bieten.

Rezeption

Das Schweizer Magazin GBase hat Call of Duty: Black Ops 2 eine Wertung von 8.5 verliehen. Im Testbericht wurden vor allem die intensive Atmosphäre, die kinoreife Inszenierung sowie die neuen Strike-Force-Missionen gelobt. Im Gegenzug wurde beispielsweise die etwas schwache KI der Gegner bemängelt.

arrcade.de vergibt eine Wertung von 8.0. Im Testbericht wurde das Multiplayergrundgerüst und der gemeinschaftliche Aspekt des Zombie-Modus gelobt. In der Kritik standen die veraltete Grafik und eine unterdurchschnittlich schlechte KI.

Die Website GameTrailers zeichnete Call of Duty: Black Ops 2 als Besten Shooter aus.

Trivia
 Die Punkteserie "Wächter" im Multiplayermodus benötigt laut einer Beschriftung 1,21 Gigawatt, was eine Hommage an Zurück in die Zukunft ist. Die Zeitmaschine benötigt für eine Zeitreise 1,21 Gigawatt.
 2012 klagte der damals noch lebende Manuel Noriega gegen die Entwicklerfirma Activision Blizzard, da er mit der Darstellung seiner Person im Spiel als "Mörder und Staatsfeind" nicht einverstanden war.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Computerspiel 2012
Ego-Shooter
Windows-Spiel
Xbox-360-Spiel
PlayStation-3-Spiel
Wii-Spiel
Wii-U-Spiel
Xbox-One-Spiel
Activision Blizzard
Black Ops 2

Call of Duty: Black Ops II


Selim Ben Djemia ()

Note

Legături externe
 Profil pe Tuttocalciatori.net

Fotbaliști tunisieni
Fotbaliști ai FC Astra Giurgiu
Fotbaliști ai Petrolului Ploiești
Francezi expatriați în România

Selim Ben Djemia


Shaheen Sheik (n. en Cleveland, Ohio, 17 de junio de 1975), es una cantante, actriz, productora y bailarina india, ella reside actualmente en Los  Ángeles, California (Estados Unidos). Su obra musical abarca varios géneros, incluyendo el rock / pop, electrónica y música chill-out. Ella creció en Cleveland y Los Ángeles, aunque su familia son originarios de Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.

Biografía
Shaheen nació en Cleveland, Ohio, sus padres son, Iqbal Sheik, una psiquiatra, y Sharfudheen Sheik, un ingeniero mecánico. Ella tiene un hermano mayor llamado, Zafar Sheik,, que es médico y trabaja en Warren, Ohio. Cuando era una adolescente, su familia se trasladó a Orange, California.
En su niñez incursionó en el baile clásico y empezó a estudiar guitarra y voz. Recibió su titul en Anthrolopolgía de la Universidad de California en Berkeley y luego estudió Derecho en la Universidad de Virginia.

Carrera
En el  2000, después de graduarse de la universidad en la carrera de derecho, se dedicó a su carrera musical, después se hizo conocer como cantante e intérprete, cuando dio un concierto en el salón de Lush de San Francisco. Poco tiempo después, se mudó a Los Ángeles y comenzó para realizar otro concierto abierto y en vivo junto a otros gfamosos como, Catherine Feeney, Murdoch Alexi y Purdy Joe.

En 2003, lanzó su primer álbum, en vivo desde Santosha, en 2003, que fue grabado y editado en vivo en Los Ángeles en el festival de Genghis Cohen. Más tarde, ese mismo año, lanzó su próximo EPde grabado en estudio, titulado "In Your Love".

Discografía
Álbumes
 Live From Santosha (2003)
 In Your Love  (EP) (2003)
 Rock Candy (2005)
 Revolution (1 de mayo de 2008)

Compilaciones
 "Wildflower World (Wild Orchid Mix)" - Chillbar Volume 1 (2008)
 "Here We Go (SoulAvenue Erhu Blues Mix)" - Buddha Bar Volume 12 (2010)
 SoulAvenue featuring Shaheen Sheik "One by One" – Buddha Bar Volume 13 (2011)

Enlaces externos
 Shaheen Sheik's website
 Shaheen Sheik's myspace
 A Tune of Her Own, Nirali Magazine, September 2004
 Screen India Interview

Personas de Cleveland
Cantantes femeninas de India

Shaheen Sheik


Canciones del huracán es el primer álbum de estudio del grupo musical Tan Biónica. Fue grabado entre 2006 y 2007, y fue reeditado en 2009 junto con la reproducción extendida titulada Wonderful noches, y bajo el ala de éxitos como «Arruinarse», «Chica biónica» y «Lunita de Tucumán», Tan Biónica lideró las listas de las radios más importantes del país, y alcanzó una fuerte rotación en los canales televisivos de música.

Descripción
El álbum se plantea mucho más rockero que su predecesor, con constante presencia de guitarras eléctricas, ritmos frenéticos y una mayor potencia en la voz del vocalista. Las letras en la mayoría de las canciones del álbum parecen hablar acerca del consumo de narcóticos y las consecuencias que esto deja mediante metáforas, pero también toca otros temas como el amor, desamor y la depresión. Canciones como «La depresión» y «Chica biónica» parecen hablar sobre una mujer cuya adicción a las drogas la destroza y la vuelca hacia un estado depresivo, del cual sólo parece escapar consumiendo más narcóticos. Mientras tanto, canciones como «Vinidy Swing» y «Mis madrugaditas» hablan sobre festejar sin motivo aparente («...hoy quiero festejar que no festejo sólo») y entregarse a los vicios sin sentir ningún tipo de culpa al respecto.

Lista de canciones

Videos musicales
 «Arruinarse»
 «Chica biónica»
 «Tapa de moda»
 «Lunita de Tucumán»

Véase también
 Tan Biónica
 Obsesionario
 Destinología
 Hola Mundo
 Música de Argentina

Álbumes de Tan Biónica
Álbumes de rock de Argentina
Álbumes de 2007
Álbumes de rock en español

Canciones del huracán


Joakim Linde Ingversen (født 25. juni 1987 i Herlev) er en dansk tv-vært og skuespiller.

Karriere
Han var i 2011 vært på TV2-programmet Bingo Banko sammen med Anders Stjernholm. I efteråret 2012 deltog han i den 9. sæson af Vild med Dans, hvor han dansede med Claudia Rex. Parret formåede at vinde konkurrencen.
Derudover har Joakim været vært på bl.a.
Alle mod 1, Hvem var det nu vi var, MGP og Hu hej vilde dyr.

Privatliv
Joakim Ingversen har tidligere dannet par med Claudia Rex, som de bl.a. vandt for programmet Vild med dans.

Siden 2015 har han dannet par med tv-vært Sofie Linde. Linde afslørede under et besøg i Natholdet den 31. januar 2017, at parret skulle giftes. Den 27. december 2017 blev det offentliggjort, at de var blevet gift den 15. december samme år. Sammen har parret datteren Trine, der blev født d. 17. februar 2018.

Ægtefællen Sofie Linde afslørerede i august 2020, at hun var gravid med parrets andet barn, som også denne gang var en datter. Torsdag den 4. februar 2021 fødte Sofie Linde parrets anden datter, Søs.
Joakim Ingversen er Junior Danmarksmester i Windsurfing i 2002 og 2003.

Filmografi
 MGP Missionen (2013)
 Lev stærkt (2014)
 Far til fires vilde ferie (2015)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer fra Herlev
Skuespillere fra Danmark
Vindere af Vild med dans

Joakim Ingversen


رودولف إلوفيسكي ، لاعب كرة قدم هنغاري سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم هنغاري سابق.

لعب مع نادي فاساس الهنغاري.

درب نادي فاساس الهنغاري، وفي عام 1971 درب منتخب هنغاريا لكرة القدم، واستمر في تدريبهم حتى عام 1974.

تمت تسمية ملعب نادي فاساس باسم ملعب رودولف إلوفيسكي تخليدا لذكراه.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مجريون
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
حائزون على ميداليات في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1972
رياضيون من بودابست
فائزون بميداليات فضية أولمبية من المجر
لاعبو كرة قدم مجريون
لاعبو كرة قدم من بودابست
لاعبو منتخب المجر لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي فاساس
مجريون من أصل بولندي
مدربو أدميرا فاكر مودلينغ
مدربو الدوري المجري لكرة اليد
مدربو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1972
مدربو كرة قدم مجريون
مدربو كرة قدم مجريون مغتربون
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في النمسا
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في اليونان
مدربو منتخب المجر لكرة القدم
مدربو نادي فاساس
مواليد 1922
مواليد في بودابست
وفيات 2008
وفيات بأمراض معدية في المجر
وفيات بسبب ذات الرئة
وفيات في بودابست
وفيات الالتهاب الرئوي في المجر

رودولف إلوفيسكي


Kup Hrvatske u odbojci za muškarce za 2008. godinu je osvojila Mladost Zagreb iz Zagreba.
Kup je igran u jesenskom dijelu sezone 2008./09.

Rezultati

1. kolo
Prvi susreti su igrani 4. listopadaa, a uzvrati 8. listopada 2008. godine.

Četvrtzavršnica
Prvi susreti su igrani 19. studenog, a uzvrati 26. studenog 2008. godine.

Završni turnir
Igrano 13. i 14. prosinca 2008. godine.

Poveznice
 Kup Hrvatske u odbojci za muškarce
 1.A liga 2008./09.
 1.B liga 2008./09.
 Kup za žene 2008.

Izvori
 lukahumski.iz.hr, hou.hr, Hrvatska odbojkaška udruga - Završni bilten - natjecateljska sezona 2008/2009, Zagreb, lipanj 2009. , preuzeto 6. siječnja 2017.

2008

Kup Hrvatske u odbojci za muškarce 2008.


Det 10. VM i kortbanesvømning blev afholdt i Dubai, Forenede Arabiske Emirater fra 15.–19. december 2010. Der var kun tale om konkurrencer i svømning og ikke anden vandsport. Stævnet foregik i Dubai Sports Complex i kortbanesvømmepools, som er 25 meter lange.

Resultater

Mændenes konkurrencer

 Svømmere som kun deltog i de indledende heats og modtog medaljer.

Kvindernes konkurrencer

Medaljeoversigt

Referencer

2010
Begivenheder i 2010

VM i kortbanesvømning 2010


La iglesia de San Salvador fue uno de los diez antiguos templos de Madrid que aparece descrita en el fuero del año 1202. Se encontraba inicialmente en la calle Mayor adyacente a la plaza de la Villa. La parroquia se agrupa en la parroquia de San Salvador y San Nicolás ubicada actualmente en la madrileña plaza de Antón Martín, que reagrupa los feligreses de San Nicolás. En su recinto se enterraron personajes como Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Antonio Ponce de León, duque de Arcos o el conde de Campomanes.

Historia
Se desconoce la fecha de construcción de la iglesia. Su aparición en el anexo del fuero de Madrid de 1202 la convierte en una de las más antiguas, junto otros diez templos. Poseía una gran torre que se denominaba la atalaya de la Villa. El Concejo de la Villa se celebraba en las dependencias de esta iglesia. El gremio de los plateros estuvo muy vinculado al templo.

En 1843 el templo del Salvador fue derribado por estado ruinoso con lo que la parroquia tuvo que trasladarse a la vecina iglesia de San Nicolás, y allí estuvo hasta que en el arreglo parroquial de 1891 se decretó su traslado a la que había sido iglesia del antiguo hospital de San Juan de Dios en la calle Atocha.

Referencias literarias
El templo es mencionado en El diablo cojuelo (1641), clásico de Luis Vélez de Guevara: «Vamos, don Cleofás, que quiero comenzar a pagarte en algo lo que te debo», salieron los dos por la buharda como si los dispararan de un tiro de artillería, no parando de volar hasta hacer pie en el capitel de la torre de San Salvador, mayor atalaya de Madrid, a tiempo que su reloj daba la una, hora que tocaba a recoger el mundo poco a poco al descanso del sueño; treguas que dan los cuidados a la vida, siendo común el silencio a las fieras y a los hombres; medida que a todos hace iguales; habiendo una prisa notable a quitarse zapatos y medias, calzones y jubones, basquiñas, verdugados, guardainfantes, polleras, enaguas y guardapiés, para acostarse hombres y mujeres, quedando las humanidades menos mesuradas, y volviéndose a los primeros originales, que comenzaron el mundo horros de todas estas baratijas".

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Salvador, de San
Madrid
Arquitectura románica en la Comunidad de Madrid
San Salvador
Madrid
Elementos numerados en el Plano de Teixeira

Iglesia de San Salvador (Madrid)


Cluj 1964 este un film românesc din 1965 regizat de Aurel Boian.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1965 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1965

Cluj 1964


Robert Zigler Leonard (7. oktober 1889 – 27. august 1968) var en amerikansk filminstruktør, skuespiller, producer og manuskriptforfatter.

Biografi
Leonard blev født i Chicago. I 1918 giftede han sig med stumfilmsskuespillerinden Mae Murray. Sammen dannede de Tiffany Pictures i 1921. De filmede otte film, der blev udgivet af MGM. Leonard og Murray blev skilt i 1925 og året efter giftede han sig med skuespillerinden Gertrude Olmstad..
Leonard blev nomineret til en Oscar for bedste instruktør for Utro og Revykongen Ziegfeld. Begge film var også nomineret til en Oscar for bedste film og den sidste vandt.
Han blev sent ansat af MGM som en pålidelig instruktøt, der kunne bringe deres Stolthed og fordom ud i biograferne.

Robert Leonard døde i 1968 i Beverli Hills, Californien ef en aneurisme.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Filminstruktører fra USA
Filmskuespillere fra USA
Manuskriptforfattere fra USA

Robert Z. Leonard


An Zea luxurians in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Michel Charles Durieu de Maisonneuve ngan Paul Friedrich August Ascherson, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni R.M.Bird. An Zea luxurians in nahilalakip ha genus nga Zea, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Zea

Zea luxurians


Mourir à Madrid (Morir en Madrid) es un largometraje documental francés sobre la guerra civil española dirigido en 1963 por Frédéric Rossif. Realizado con documentos cinematográficos de la época, cuenta con comentarios de Madeleine Chapsal (leídos por Suzanne Flon, Germaine Montero, Pierre Vaneck, Roger Mollien y Jean Vilar) y con música de Maurice Jarre.

Nominación y premios
El film fue nominado para el Óscar en la categoría de mejor documental y obtuvo los premios Jean Vigo y BAFTA.

Bibliografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha de la película en IMDb (en inglés)

Documentales de Francia
Películas de 1963
Películas sobre la guerra civil española

Mourir à Madrid


المتمردة مسلسل مكسيكي حقق نجاحاً عالمياً، عرض في عدة دول وترجم إلى عدة لغات منها الإنجليزية - الأرمنية - الروسية - الإيطالية - الفرنسية - الكرواتية -التركية وصل عددالدول إلى 65 دولة ومع ترجمة المسلسل إلى العربية قد يصل العدد إلى 82 دولة حول العالم. يقع المسلسل في 440 حلقة من الأحدات المشوقة بين طلاب الجامعات وعلاقاتهم الأسرية والعائلية.

القصة
تدور أحداث المسلسل حول علاقة الأبناء والآباء من خلال ثلاث عائلات تربط بين أبنائها وبناتها علاقات حب متفرقة تؤدي إلى الزواج والانفصال بسبب تدخل الوشاة وذوي النفوس الشريرة

معلومات حول المسلسل
حقق نجاح عالمي عرض في عدة دول وترجم إلى عدة لغات منها الإنجلزية، الأرمنية، الروسية، الإيطالية، التركية، الفرنسية والكرواتية. وصل عدد الدول إلى 65 دولة.
تاريخ إصداره في المكسيك : أغسطس 2005
تاريخ إصداره في البرازيل : ديسمبر 2005
تاريخ إصداره في الولايات المتحدة : نوفمبر 2006

نسخ المسلسل
 البرتغال: قامت بتصوير نسخة عن المسلسل، تحمل اسم Rebelde Way
 الهند: قامت بإنتاج نسخة عن المسلسل فقط بعد أشهر من عرضه الأول
 أمريكا: أنتجت نسخة عنه من إنتاج Jennifer Lopez
 إسبانيا: اشترت حقوق تصوير نسخة جديدة عن المسلسل

الأبطال
 Anahí ..Mia Colucci Caceres
 Dulce María .. Roberta Pardo Rey
 Maite Perroni .. Lupita Fernandez
 Alfonso Herrera ..Miguel Arango Cervera
 Christopher Uckermann .. Diego Bustamante
 Christian Chávez .. Juan "Giovanni" Méndez López

مواقع خارجية

 Official Site Of Rebelde
 RBD and Rebelde - Albania(Shqiperi)
 website with information of the band
 Rebelde Fans United Forum

مراجع

تيلينوفيلا
تيلينوفيلا 2004
تيلينوفيلا كوميدية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية بالإسبانية
مسلسلات تلفزيونية مكسيكية انتهت في 2006
مسلسلات تلفزيونية مكسيكية بدأ عرضها في 2004
مسلسلات تلفزيونية مكسيكية مبنية على مسلسلات تلفزيونية أرجنتينية
مسلسلات تيلونوفيلا مكسيكية
مسلسلات عن المراهقة
مسلسلات لاتينية
مسلسلات مدبلجة

المتمردة (مسلسل)


{{Infobox Cinéma (film)
| titre           = Moloko
| langue du titre =
| image           =
| légende         =
| titre québécois =
| titre original  =
| titre original non latin     = Молоко| réalisation     = Karen Oganessian
| scénario        = Ekaterina Mavromatis
| acteur          = Ioulia Peressild, Andreï Bourkovski, Evguenia Kaveraou, Iouri Koutsenko, Youri Kolokolnikov
| production      =
| pays            =
| genre           =
| durée           =
| année de sortie = 2021
}}Moloko'' () est un film russe réalisé par Karen Oganessian, sorti en 2021.

Synopsis

Fiche technique

 Photographie : Evguenia Abdel-Fattakh
 Décors : Youlia Feofanova, Evguenia Makeïeva

Distribution
 Andreï Bourkovski : Serioja
 Evguéni  Grichkovets : le psychologue
 Evguenia Kaveraou : Tania Demianova
 Iouri Kolokolnikov : le mammologue
 Gocha Koutsenko : le père de Tania (comme Iouri Koutsenko)
 Erik Panich : Sacha Bolchakov
 Ioulia Peressild : Zoïa
 Artiom Pervykh : Komar
 Anastasia Sapojnikova : la gynécologue
 Sergueï Stiopine : le mari de la directrice de l'école
 Anastasia Todoreskou : la contrôleuse d'autobus
 Elena Valiouchkina : la directrice de l'école
 Irina Voronova : la pharmacienne
 Olessia Jelezniak : femme dans le parc

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film russe sorti en 2021
Film dramatique russe
Film en russe

Moloko (film)


زي كرة القاعدة الموحد، هو نوع خاص من الملابس التي يلبسها لاعبو كرة القاعدة. وتظهر الملابس مدى حب الناس لهذه اللعبة. ومعظم اللاعبين يضعون أسمائهم وأرقامهم على ملابسهم ويكون ذلك عادةً على الظهر.

القميص والبنطال والأحذية والجوارب والقبعات والقفازات هذه الأشياء الأساسية في زي كرة القاعدة الموحد. كما أنه يختلف شعار الفريق ولونه عن فريق آخر للتمييز بينهم. وكان أول نادي يرتدي الزي الموحد هو نيويورك نيكربوكر سنة 1800م، كما أن البنطال كان مصنوعاً من صوف أزرق وقميص أبيض وقبعات مصنوعة من القش. ومنذ ذلك الحين تغير اللباس كثيرا،
أتى على بعض الناس الأفكار، والعديد من التحسينات تم القيام بها. وعلى مر السنين تم تأكيد الزي الرسمي لكرة القاعدة.

التاريخ

التكوين
في 4 إبريل سنة 1894، أصبح فريق نيويورك نيكربوكر أول فريق يرتدي الزي الموحد لكرة القاعدة.
وفي سنة 1882، اختلفت ألوان زي اللاعبين وأضيفت الجوارب.
، وفي الفترة 1888 - 1889 أضاف ولفرينس ديترويت قلم ووضع الخطوط على الملابس.
وفي سنة 1900، أصبح جميع اللاعبين في الدوري الأمريكي لكرة القاعدة يرتدون زي موحد.

أزياء الفريق المحلي والفريق الزائر

في نهاية القرن التاسع عشر، بدأ الفريقان يرتديان لباسين مختلفين عن بعضهما في المباراة. الفريق المحلي يرتدي زياً مختلفاً عن الفريق الزائر. في الغالب يرتدي المحليون اللون الأبيض، أما الرمادي والأزرق الداكن السميك أو اللون الأسود فهو للزوار.
في سنة 1907، استخدم فريق بروكلين بوردوإكس في أرض الخصم اللون الأزرق لزيهم، ثم استخدم فريق نيويورك جاينت نفس لون فريق بروكلين بوردوإكس.

وفي سنة 1916، أضاف فريق نيويورك جاينت الخطوط ولون يشبه اللون الأرجواني وقماش صوفي مقلم.

أما الآن، يستعمل الفريق المحلي اللون الأزرق الغامق السميك أو اللون الأسود مع مادة بيضاء. وفي سنة 1963، غير تشارلز أوسكار فينلي زي المحلي والزائر،
وغيره إلى اللون الأخضر والذهبي.
وفي عام 1970، استخدمت بعض الفرق الزائرة اللون الأزرق الفاتح.

المشبك الشريطي وأرقام اللاعبين
صنع المشبك الشريطي في القرن 19.
أول استعمال له في الدوري الأمريكي لكرة القاعدة في سنة 1907.
وسرعان ما انتشر المشبك الشريطي في سنة 1912، وتمكن الناس من مشاهدتها بصورة أكبر.
أستخدم المشبك الشريطي عندما بدأ فريق بروكلين بوردوإكس لبسها في سنة 1907، وسنة 1916 و1917.
وفي خلال ذلك الوقت وعندما أدلى الأزياء المقلمة الجديدة، اضافوا أشياء جديدة موحدة مثال الساتان (نسيج حريري).
وكان فريق نيويورك يانكيز أكثر الفرق استعمالا للمشبك الشريطي، الذي أستخدم أول مرة في سنة 1912، لكن لا يرتدونه إلا إذا كان صاحب الأرض (بزاتهم الأصلية) وأصبحت الآن رمزا لهم.

أول من وضع الأرقام على الزي هو فريق كليفلاند الهندي سنة 1916.
وفي سنة 1929، أضيفت الأرقام على الظهر وكانت فكرة فريق نيويورك يانكيز وفريق كليفلاند.
وفي سنة 1930، أصبح فريق نيويورك يانكيز أول فريق يلعب بأرقام.
لأنه كان وضع فريق نيويورك يانكيز طبيعي في ذلك الوقت.

وفي سنة 1932، أصبحت جميع الفرق الكبار يضعون الأرقام على ظهورهم، مع اسم وشعار الفريق في الأمام. ولكن في سنة 1952، أصبح فريق بروكلين بوردوإكس أول فريق يضع الأرقام في الأمام. كما بدأ وضع لكل لاعب رقمه الخاص. ولكن بدأ لاعبون كرة القاعدة بالتقاعد. ثم أجرى ت اختبارات لإضافات جديدة لزي كرة القاعدة. على سبيل المثال، أضاف فريق هيوستن أستروس من سنة 1970 إلى سنة 1980، أضافوا الأرقام على جيب البنطال في الأمام والجزء السفلي من قمصانهم في الأمام أيضا.

القبعة

من سنة 1840 إلى سنة 1870، ارتدى لاعبو البيسبول العديد من أنواع القبعات، مثل القبعات المصنوعة من القش. القبعة لها أنواع أخرى من القبعات لحماية العين من أشعة الشمس. حتى أصبح من الأزياء الرسمية للبيسبول.
وفي سنة 1860، بروكلين اكسلسيورس كان أول فريق يرتدي القبعات.
قبل ذلك، لم يكن جميع لاعبي الفريق يرتدون القبعات لأنه لم يكن هناك حكم لذلك.
في عام 1900، أصبح بعض اللاعبين قطع الجزء العلوي من القبعة، مثل فريق نيويورك جاينت في سنة 1916، وفي البطولة وبيتسبرج بايرتس العالمية سنة 1979.
أما الآن فقد تغيرت قبعات البيسبول كثيرا.
على مر الزمان، كبر حاجب الشمس في القبعة، لتحمي عين اللاعب من أشعة الشمس بصورة أكبر.

الحذاء
وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، بدأ لاعبو البيسبول ارتداء الأحذية اللينة، بعد فترة قصيرة، صممت المسامير القابلة للنقل وقد أستخدمت عدة مرات، حتى منعت باللعب بها في المباريات سنة 1976. وبعد فترة وجيزة، صنع الحذاء الأبيض، فضلا عن الأحمر والأزرق الصلب، وأصبحت شعبية. وكان يستخدم العشب الصناعي في ملعب البيسبول، ولذلك كانت الأحذية بحاجة إلى التغيير.
وفي القرن التاسع عشر والعشرين، أصبحت معظم الأحذية باللون الأسود، التي صممتها كانساس سيتي لألعاب القوى في سنة 1960.

قفازات كرة القاعدة

قفازات البيسبول هي القفازات الجلدية التي يستخدمها لاعبو كرة القاعدة، وهي تستخدم لإمساك الكرة التي يلقيها لاعب كرة القاعدة. وعندما صنعت القفازات لم تستخدم كثيرا. قديما عندما يرتدي لاعب كرة القاعدة قفازات يسخرون منه ولذلك لم تستخدم كثيرا.

أول لاعب ارتدى القفازات الجلدية هو الماسك دوغ إليسون سنة 1870، وهو الذي صنعها لأنه قد أصيب قبلها بإسبوع.
وقرر صنعها لكي يحمي يده، وتلقى سخرية من زملائه.
وبعد مرور خمسة أعوام أي في سنة 1875، ارتدى لاعبا كرة القاعدة باسيمان الأول وتشارلي ويت لحماية أيديهم، وأيضا زملائهم ضحكوا عليهم.
وبعد ذلك ارتدى نجم كرة القاعدة ألبرت سبالدينج القفازات الجلدية، ولأنه مشهور أصبح معظم لاعبي كرة القاعدة يرتدون القفازات الجلدية، وفي وقت قليل أصبحوا جميعهم يرتدونها.

وفي سنة 1920، طلب بيل دوك لاعب سانت لويس كاردينالات أن تنتشر قفازات كرة القاعدة وصناعة المزيد منها.
لأن بيل دوك أكثر لاعبي كرة القاعدة تلقى كدمات وجروح. وفي مدة وجيزة، بدأ تصنيع قفازات كرة القاعدة، وبدأ يستعملها جميع الاعبين.

الجوارب
قدمت الجوارب الصوفية في سنة 1900 التي كان وزنها عاليا وكانت مصنوعة من قطعة واحدة طويلة.
وكان أسفل الجورب لونه أبيض أو صوف طبيعي.
وفي سنة 1868، بدأ اللعب بجوارب حمراء وبنطال قصير لكي تظهر الجوارب.

خوذات كرة القاعدة
خوذات البيسبول هي قبعة توضع على الرأس لتجنب ارتطام الكرة بالرأس. وقد اخترعها روجر بريسناهان بعد أن أصيب برأسه في مبارات في كرة القاعدة. ومنذ ذلك الحين، بدأ معظم لاعبو كرة القاعدة برتدون الخوذات، ومن ثم اضطر لاعبو كرة القاعدة للباسها في السبعينيات.

زي كرة القاعدة حالياً
تغير زي كرة القاعدة كثيرًا حتى صار كاملا الآن. ومع ذلك، فالعديد من لاعبي كرة القاعدة لا يستعملون جميع مكونات الزي. على سبيل المثال: القفازات أصبح لديها جيوب صغيرة ولكن بعض اللاعبين لا يستعملونها. العديد من اللاعبين يرتدون ألوانا مختلفة من الأحذية وخاصة الأسود.

لا تزال الأرقام على ظهور اللاعبين والشعار في الأمام مثلما وضعت سنة 1932.
والاسم الأول اللاعب أو الأخير أيضا على ظهورهم. ولا تزال قطع القماش على الزي.

مراجع

ألبسة رياضية
بدلات كرة القاعدة
تاريخ كرة القاعدة
ثقافة كرة القاعدة
معدات كرة القاعدة

زي كرة القاعدة الموحد


Valérian and Laureline (), originally titled Valérian: Spatio-Temporal Agent () and also commonly known as Valérian, is a French science fiction comics series, created by writer Pierre Christin and artist Jean-Claude Mézières. It was first published in Pilote magazine in 1967; the final installment was published in 2010. All of the Valérian stories have been collected in comic album format, comprising some twenty-one volumes plus a short story collection and an encyclopædia.

The series focuses on the adventures of the dark-haired Valérian, a spatio-temporal agent, and his redheaded female colleague, Laureline, as they travel the universe through space and time. Valérian is a classical hero, kind, strong and brave, who follows the orders of his superiors even if he feels, deep down, that it is the wrong thing to do. On the other hand, his partner Laureline combines her superior intelligence, determination and independence with sex appeal. Influenced by classic literary science fiction, the series mixes space opera with time travel plots. Christin's scripts are noted for their humour, complexity and strongly humanist and left-wing liberal political ideas while Mézières' art is characterized by its vivid depictions of the alien worlds and species Valérian and Laureline encounter on their adventures. The series is considered a landmark in European comics and pop culture, and influenced other media as well; traces of its concepts, storylines and designs can be found in science fiction films such as Star Wars and The Fifth Element.

Many of the stories have been translated into several languages, including English. The series has received recognition through a number of prestigious awards, including the Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême. An animated television series, Time Jam: Valerian & Laureline, was released in 2007, and a feature film directed by Luc Besson, Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets, was released in 2017.

Concept and setting
The original setting for the series was the 28th century. Humanity has discovered the means of travelling instantaneously through time and space. The capital of Earth, Galaxity, is the centre of the vast Terran Galactic Empire. Earth itself has become a virtual utopia with most of the population living a life of leisure in a virtual reality dream-state ruled by the benign Technocrats of the First Circle. The Spatio-Temporal Service protects the planets of the Terran Empire and guards against temporal paradoxes caused by rogue time-travellers. Valérian and Laureline are two such spatio-temporal agents.

However, since the end of the story The Wrath of Hypsis (Les Foudres d'Hypsis), in which Galaxity disappears from space-time as a result of a temporal paradox, the pair have become freelance trouble-shooters travelling through space and time offering their services to anyone willing to hire them while also searching for their lost home.

In the first two albums Valérian travels through time in a two-seater device, the XB27, which transports him to the various relay stations that Galaxity has hidden throughout time (e.g. in Les Mauvais Rêves (Bad Dreams) the relay is hidden below a tavern). In subsequent stories Valérian and Laureline use the saucer-shaped Astroship XB982, which made its debut appearance in 1969 in the short story The Great Collector (Le Grand Collectionneur). The astroship is able to travel anywhere using a spatio-temporal jump, a sort of hyperspace drive enabling near-instant transportation anywhere in space and time.

The initial albums were generally straightforward good versus evil adventure stories. However, thanks to Pierre Christin's interest in politics, sociology, and ethnology, as the series progressed the situations typically arose from misunderstandings or ideological differences between various groups that could be resolved through reason and perseverance. The core theme of the stories is an optimistic liberal humanism: the adventures are not about defeating enemies but about exploring, facing challenges, and celebrating diversity. Thus, according to the academic John Dean, Christin "as a rule works into his narratives political, environmental and feminist concerns – thereby showing social ills are universal, no matter on what planet you land".

Another concept that developed was Galaxity as a proxy for Western democracy; contrary to its benign self-image it is actually imperialist and prone to a corrupt real-politik. Other themes include:
 Natural simplicity as superior to technological complexity.
 Rejection of machismo, violence and war in favour of femininity and nature.
 Distrust of power and the suppression of individuality.
 The ability of women to manipulate males sexually without being manipulated themselves.

These themes are underpinned by the vivid drawings of Jean-Claude Mézières, whose "visually stunning backgrounds: complex architecture, futuristic machines, otherworldly landscapes and odd-looking aliens", are what John Dean calls "staples of Mézières' seeming boundless visual inventiveness", resulting in what the artist Pepo Pérez likens to "National Geographic, but on a cosmic scale".

Principal characters

Valérian
Valérian was born on Earth, in Galaxity, capital of the Terran Galactic Empire in the 28th century. He joined the Spatio-Temporal Service in the year 2713. He has been trained to think that Galaxity is always right – even when he receives orders that go against his morals he will, reluctantly, follow them. He much prefers to be a man of action than sitting around pondering what course to take next.

The early stories present Valérian as a typical square-jawed hero figure, who is strong and dependable (although an early running joke was that despite being a time-traveller he is always running late, especially when summoned by his boss). However, as the series progresses, he is increasingly portrayed as somewhat knuckle-headed. In World Without Stars (Le Pays sans étoile), he gets recklessly drunk on the colonists' home-made booze, in On the False Earths (Sur les terres truquées), the historian, Jadna, views him as useful only as cannon fodder and nothing else while in Heroes of the Equinox (Les Héros de l'Equinoxe), he comes across as woefully inadequate compared with the champions he is competing against. Although devoted to Laureline, he has been led astray by other women, such as in Heroes of the Equinox and Brooklyn Station, Terminus Cosmos.

When Galaxity disappears in The Wrath of Hypsis he contemplates following his fellows into oblivion, much to Laureline's horror. Even afterwards, he feels the loss of Galaxity much more than Laureline, as it is his birthplace.

The name Valérian comes from Eastern Europe, although its origin is Latin, from valere ("to be strong"). Valérian was created by Mézières and Christin as a reaction to the fearless boy-scout (e.g. The Adventures of Tintin) and American superhero characters that were prevalent in comics available in France at the time. Instead they sought to devise a "banal character" with "no extraordinary means of action".  Eventually, with Christin feeling that they had gone too far with this angle and that the Valérian character had become too stupid, from The Ghosts of Inverloch (Les Spectres d'Inverloch) onwards, Valérian was made more sympathetic and given a greater piece of the action.

In Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets, a 2017 movie by Luc Besson, Valérian is played by Dane DeHaan.

Laureline
Laureline is a peasant girl from 11th-century France. In the debut adventure, Bad Dreams, she rescues Valérian from the enchanted Forest of Arelaune. When she accidentally discovers Valérian is a time-traveller, he is forced to bring her back with him to Galaxity where she is trained as a Spatio-Temporal Agent and assigned as his partner.

In the early stories, Laureline generally sits in the background while Valérian saves the day in whatever situation the pair have found themselves, but her position changes as the series develops. World Without Stars, the fourth serial published in Pilote, the two characters are separated for most of the adventure, with Laureline stepping out from under Valérian's shadow for the first time, and she proves to be more than an equal to Valérian in ensuring that their mission succeeds.

Welcome to Alflolol (Bienvenue sur Alflolol) brings Laureline's rebellious nature to the fore; unlike Valérian, she has not been born and raised by Galaxity and is prepared not only to question Galaxity's authorities but to rebel openly against them when their orders run contrary to her sense of morality. It also demonstrates her impulsive streak; she sides with the native Alflololians against Galaxity and Valérian with no thought for the personal consequences she may have to face herself. Her position as the true star of the series is cemented in Ambassador of the Shadows (L'Ambassadeur des Ombres), which is virtually a solo adventure for her as she searches the vast space station Point Central for the kidnapped Valérian and the Earth Ambassador. Later, when acting as independent agents, it is Laureline who questions the ethics of some of the jobs they are forced to take to make ends meet, notably in The Living Weapons (Les Armes Vivantes).

Despite being independent and efficacious, Laureline is not afraid to exploit her considerable sex appeal if it is to her advantage. For example, she attracts the attention of the Emperor of Valsennar in World Without Stars and, dressed in leather gear and boots, she manipulates Crocbattler and Rackalust in Brooklyn Station, Terminus Cosmos and regularly charms the Shingouz when negotiating with them for information. She has appeared nude in some adventures.  Mézières drew a picture of her for the French edition of Playboy in 1987.

She also has a certain affinity for animals such as the Alflololian Goumon in Welcome to Alflolol, the Grumpy Converter from Bluxte, first seen in Ambassador of the Shadows, and the Tüm Tüm (de Lüm) and the Tchoung-Tracer, both introduced in On the Frontiers (Sur les Frontières).

The name "Laureline" was invented by Mézières and Christin who were seeking a name that would sound "medieval" and "soft". The name has proven popular and there are now several thousand women in France named Laureline, the first one born in 1968, just a year after the publication of Bad Dreams. There have also been variations such as "Loreline" and "Laurelyne". Laureline was initially created just for the first story, Bad Dreams, but recognising that they had a female character who was different from the bimbo types common to comics of the time, Mézières and Christin fell for her and, in response to positive reader feedback, retained her for the subsequent stories.

In Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets, a 2017 movie by Luc Besson, Laureline is played by Cara Delevingne.

Other characters

Mr Albert

Mr Albert is Galaxity's contact on 20th-century Earth. He makes his first appearance in Métro Châtelet, Direction Cassiopeia. He is a retired gentleman who drives an obsolete Renault 4CV and lives in the suburbs of Paris, France. He maintains a wide range of contacts in government and scientific circles as well as with many experts in fields outside the mainstream such as ufology, telepathy, and sorcery. He is also a pigeon fancier and uses his carrier pigeons to relay messages between some of his contacts. Unlike Valérian he tries to avoid getting involved in the thick of the action and never acts impulsively, always preferring to take his time about things. He enjoys the finer things in life: gourmet cuisine, fine wines and likes to take things easy.

The character of Albert is partially influenced by that of August Faust, the main character in the strip The Extraordinary and Troubling Adventure of Mr August Faust (L'extraordinaire et Troublante Aventure de M. August Faust), written by Fred and drawn by Mézières in 1967.

The Shingouz

The Shingouz are aliens who make their first appearance in Ambassador of the Shadows and re-appear regularly throughout the subsequent albums. They are brown, short-furred creatures, slightly less than a metre tall, resembling flightless birds with a snout instead of a beak.

Shingouz have a high alcohol tolerance and preference for strong alcoholic beverages, which they consume in large quantities. The Shingouz society is capitalist to the extreme. Shingouz want a profit from everything they do. They are especially adept in trading important and sensitive information to interested parties. Valérian and Laureline have struck up a relationship with a group of three Shingouz who have a particularly useful network of contacts in all the major space communities. They are especially fond of Laureline, which she often uses to her advantage in striking favourable deals with them.

In the feature film Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets, the Shingouz are replaced with the similar negotiating species Dogan Daguis.

Origins

Childhood friends Jean-Claude Mézières and Pierre Christin had previously collaborated on the comic strip Le Rhum du Punch (Rum Punch) in 1966 while both were living and working in the United States.  Upon their return to France they initially intended to create a Western strip but, with the genre already well represented in French comics thanks to Lucky Luke, Blueberry and Jerry Spring, Christin instead proposed that they turn their hand to science fiction, a genre he felt was unrepresented in French comics at the time.  The decision to work in the science fiction genre was also influenced by the political climate in France at the time; Mézières and Christin saw Valérian as a "backdoor" means to react against the prevailing doctrine of Gaullism. Although science fiction was not a favourite of Pilote editor René Goscinny, Goscinny wanted his magazine to be diverse and innovative and so agreed to commission Valérian.

There had been French science fiction comics before Valérian such as Kline's Kaza the Martian (a childhood favourite of Mézières), Roger Lecureux and Raymond Poivet's Les Pionniers de l'Espérance (The Pioneers of Hope) (which Christin found tired and repetitive) and Jean-Claude Forest's Barbarella.  Barbarella is famous for its strong female titular character, but Christin has denied any influence on the character of Laureline, stating that she was inspired by Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex as well as the burgeoning feminist movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s. However, contemporary reviews of the early stories by Jean-Pierre Andrevon describe the books as "Forestian". Mézières and Christin were also heavily influenced by literary science fiction such as that by Isaac Asimov (especially The End of Eternity), Jack Vance (especially The Blue World), and John Brunner. Jean-Marc and Randy Lofficier have also suggested that Poul Anderson's Time Patrol books, about an official organization dedicated to protecting time from interference, are a major influence on the series.

Christin has also cited the whodunit genre—notably novels by Georges Simenon and Ed McBain—as an influence on Valérian since they taught him, as a writer, that all characters in a narrative must be seen to have motivations.

Mézières' drawings in the early albums were influenced by such "comic-dynamic" artists as Morris (Lucky Luke), André Franquin (Spirou et Fantasio) and Jack Davis (Mad magazine), leading Jean-Pierre Andrevon to refer to Valérian as "a kind of Lucky Luke of space-time". As the series progressed, Mézières developed a more realistic style, akin to that of Jijé, though in more recent albums he has returned to the more cartoonish style of the earlier stories.

Legacy

In comics
Valérian's arrival on the French comics scene was contemporaneous with the debuts of other notable French science fiction strips including Luc Orient by Greg and Eddy Paape and Lone Sloane by Philippe Druillet.  The success of these strips would eventually lead to the creation of Métal Hurlant, the highly influential French comics magazine dedicated to science fiction. The influence of Valérian has been noticed in such strips as  (by Víctor Mora and Carlos Giménez) and Gigantik (by Mora and José Maria Cardona). The visual style of Valérian has also influenced some American comics artists, notably Walt Simonson and Gil Kane. Sometimes the impact of Valérian has gone beyond mere influence; following a complaint by Mézières, the artist Angus McKie admitted that several panels of his strip So Beautiful and So Dangerous were copied from Ambassador of the Shadows.

In other media
Outside of comics, the Valérian series has been particularly influential on science fiction and fantasy film.

Several commentators, such as Kim Thompson of The Comics Journal, film critic Jean-Philippe Guerand and the newspaper Libération, have noted certain similarities between the Valérian albums and the Star Wars film series. Both series are noted for the "lived-in" look given to their various settings and for the diverse alien creatures they feature. Mézières' response upon seeing Star Wars was that he was "dazzled, jealous... and furious!". As a riposte, Mézières produced an illustration for Pilote magazine in 1983 depicting the Star Wars characters Luke Skywalker and Leia Organa meeting Valérian and Laureline in a bar surrounded by a bestiary of alien creatures typical of that seen in both series. "Fancy meeting you here!" says Leia. "Oh, we've been hanging around here for a long time!" retorts Laureline. Mézières has since been informed that Doug Chiang, design director on The Phantom Menace, kept a set of Valérian albums in his library.

Mézières has also noticed similarities between some of the sets in the 1982 film Conan the Barbarian and the planet seen in Birds of the Master (Les Oiseaux du Maître) and between some of the production sketches for the alien fighters in the 1996 film Independence Day and Valérian and Laureline's astroship.

The 1999 Danish film Mifune's Last Song, directed by Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, features a character, Rud, who is a fan of Linda and Valentin (as Valérian is known in Denmark) who believes the character of Liva is in fact Linda (i.e. Laureline).

Jean-Claude Mézières himself has worked as a concept artist on a number of science fiction film projects. The first of these was in 1984 for director Jeremy Kagan who was attempting to adapt René Barjavel's novel La Nuit des temps (The Ice People). The film was never made. This was followed, in 1985, by a proposed adaptation of Arkady and Boris Strugatsky's novel Hard to Be a God for director Peter Fleischmann. This film was eventually finished in 1989 though Mézières' concepts for the film were barely used. The art Mézières produced for both projects was later published in Mézières Extras.

In 1991 Mézières began work producing concept art for the director Luc Besson for his film The Fifth Element. When the project stalled and Besson moved on to work on the film Léon in 1994, Mézières returned to Valérian for the album The Circles of Power (Les Cercles du Pouvoir). This featured a character, S'Traks, who drove a flying taxi around a great metropolis on the planet Rubanis. Mézières sent a copy of the album to Besson who was inspired to change the background of Korben Dallas, the lead character of The Fifth Element, from a worker in a rocketship factory to that of a taxi driver who flies his cab around a Rubanis-inspired futuristic New York City. Mézières produced further concept drawings for Besson, including flying taxi cabs. He also re-used certain aspects of the design of the space liner seen in the 1988 Valérian album On the Frontiers for the Fhloston Paradise liner seen in second half of the film. The Fifth Element was finally completed and released in 1997. The importance of the four classical elements to the film is similar to the significance the elements have in the two-part Valérian story Métro Châtelet, Direction Cassiopeia and Brooklyn Station, Terminus Cosmos. However, Besson has claimed that he first came up with the idea for the film at the age of 16 which would pre-date the publication of these two albums.

Awards
Valérian and its creators have also received recognition through a number of prestigious awards. Most notably, in 1984, Jean-Claude Mézières was honoured with the Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême for his comics work, including Valérian.  Mézières and Christin also received a European Science Fiction Society award for Valérian in 1987 and the album Hostages of the Ultralum (Otages de l'Ultralum) won a Tournesal award, given to the comic that best reflects the ideals of the Green Party, at the 1997 Angoulême International Comics Festival. The encyclopedia of the alien creatures found in the Valérian universe Les Habitants du Ciel: Atlas Cosmique de Valérian et Laureline (The Inhabitants of the Sky: The Cosmic Atlas of Valerian and Laureline) received a special mention by the jury at the 1992 Angoulême International Comics Festival in the Prix Jeunesse 9–12 ans (Youth Prize 9–12 years) category.

Valérian has also been nominated for a Haxtur Award in 1995 for The Circles of Power and for a Harvey Award in 2005 for The New Future Trilogy, an English-language compilation of three of the albums.

Publication history

Original publication
Valérian first appeared on 9 November 1967 in issue #420 of the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Pilote, and every Valérian story from Bad Dreams to The Wrath of Hypsis was initially serialised in Pilote. The second Valérian story, The City of Shifting Waters (La Cité des Eaux Mouvantes), was the first to be collected in graphic novel album format by Dargaud. Since On the Frontiers, every Valérian story has debuted in album format. Seven short stories were also published in the digest-sized Super Pocket Pilote in 1969 and 1970 and later collected in Across the Pathways of Space (Par Les Chemins De l'Espace) in 1997. The series was originally published under the title Valérian: Spatio-Temporal Agent. However, with the publication of The Order of the Stones in 2007, the series now goes under the title Valérian and Laureline.

On 22 January 2010, the last album, L'OuvreTemps (The Time Opener), was published. With this album the authors concluded the entire comic series with the intention to prevent the series from becoming weak, or staggering behind newer comics. However, Christin has written a 270-page Valérian and Laureline novel, Valérian et Laureline: Lininil a disparu (Valérian and Laureline: Lininil Has Disappeared), and indicated that Valérian and Laureline will continue to live on in a yet unspecified form.

English translations

The first Valérian album to be translated into English was Ambassador of the Shadows which was serialised across four issues of the magazine Heavy Metal in 1981 (Volume 4, Number 10 (January 1981) to Volume 5, Number 1 (April 1981)).

Ambassador of the Shadows was later republished in English in album format as were World Without Stars, Welcome to Alflolol and Heroes of the Equinox by the short-lived Dargaud-USA and Dargaud-Canada between 1981 and 1984 and in the United Kingdom by Hodder-Dargaud in 1984 and 1985.

In 1989 it was announced that NBM Publishing were going to reissue the four English language albums published by Dargaud-USA and also release a translation of Empire of a Thousand Planets but nothing seems to have come of this.

Heroes of the Equinox was republished in July 1996 in black and white by Fantasy Flight Publishing (an offshoot of Fantasy Flight Games) in two issues as standard American sized comic-books as part of an unsuccessful attempt to translate and print several European comic book series including Spirou et Fantasio and Lucky Luke.

In November 2004, iBooks published Valérian: The New Future Trilogy, collecting the albums On the Frontiers, The Living Weapons and The Circles of Power in one volume reduced to standard American graphic novel size. These were the only Valérian stories iBooks published and the company has since declared bankruptcy.

Since July 2010, UK publisher Cinebook has been publishing English language editions of Valérian. These began at a rate of one volume every six months. However, as the cinematic release of Luc Besson's film Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets approached, the rate increased to one every three months. Twenty-two volumes had been published by the end of 2017. Pursuant the individual softcover title releases, the publisher announced in December 2016 a complete hardcover book series, aka "Intégrales", of Valérian, slated to launch in 2017 as Valerian - The Complete Collection. Completed in 2018, each outing in the seven-volume series collects 3-4 titles of the original individual book releases. An international effort, Cinebook's release was, save for the language, identical to the ones concurrently released in French, Dutch, Portuguese (Brazil only), and Standard Chinese.

In other languages
Many of the Valérian stories have, be it in part or in whole as a series, been translated from their original French into several other languages besides English, including German (as Valerian und Veronique), Dutch (as Ravian: Tijd/ruimte-agent), the Scandinavian languages (Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian and Swedish) (as Linda og/och Valentin), Finnish (as Valerian ja Laureline and previously as Avaruusagentti Valerianin seikkailuja), Spanish, Portuguese (as Valérian, agente espácio-temporal), Serbian (as Valerijan), Italian, Turkish, Polish, Indonesian and Standard Chinese. "Intégrale' editions have been published in several of these languages as well, of which the later, aforementioned Cinebook version and those of its international companions incidentally, were merely slightly updated editions, only enhanced with a long interview with the two creators and film director Luc Besson, spread over the individual volumes of the collection.

Adaptations to other media

Animated television series

The notion of making an animated adaptation of Valérian dates back to at least 1976. In 1982, Mézières produced concept art for an episode titled The Asteroids of Shimballil (Les Astéroïdes de Shimballil) which was later published in 2000 as an appendix to the album release of Bad Dreams. In 1991, Dargaud Films financed the production of a three-minute pilot, directed by Bernard Deyriès and animated by Studio 32 in Paris and Luxembourg, but nothing came of this venture. Several stills from this pilot episode were published in Mézières Extras. Another pilot, directed by Florient Ferrier, was made by the French animation studio 2 Minutes in 2001. Nothing came of this attempt either.

An animated series entitled Time Jam: Valerian and Laureline made its debut on Canal+ Family in France on 20 October 2007. In total, forty 26-minute episodes have been made. The series is a Franco–Japanese co-production, directed by Philippe Vidal.

The scripts were written by a French team under the supervision of Peter Berts; while Charles Vaucelles was responsible for the realisation of the characters and Vincent Momméja was responsible for the design of the locations and spacecraft. Music is by Alexandre Azzaria. In the French dub of the series Valérian is voiced by Gwendal Anglade and Laureline by Mélodie Orru. Three trailers were released to promote the series: the first on 24 April 2006, the second on 10 October 2006 and the third on 30 August 2007.

The series differs from the original comics in that Valerian comes from the year 2417, instead of 2720, and meets Laureline in the year 912 instead of 1000. Whereas in the comics Valerian takes Laureline back to the 28th century without any trouble, in the animated series this results in Earth disappearing from the Solar System.

According to Animation World Network, "Time Jam - Valerian & Laureline sets out to answer the question: Where on Earth has Earth gone? Valerian and Laureline, our two young heroes, seem to be the only representatives of the human race in the unsafe galaxy where the nightmarish Vlagos are conspiring to control the world. Sent out on an assignment by the head of STS (the Spatial-Temporal Service), Valerian and Laureline discover the existence of a time-portal, a mysterious phenomenon, which may hold the key to the recovery of Earth. The series from Dargaud Marina mixes 2D and CGI animation with an anime touch". The series has also been sold to Belgium, Spain, Israel and Morocco.

Feature film

In 2012, it was announced that Luc Besson planned to make a movie for the big screen of Valérian and Laureline. The film was shot in January 2016 and stars Dane DeHaan and Cara Delevingne. It was released on 21 July 2017.

Notes

Sources

 Valérian publications in Pilote at BDoubliées

External links
 Jean-Claude Mézières official website
 Valérian entry on Cool French Comics
 Valérian et Laureline fan site
 Valerian@uBC at Fumetti.com
 Time Jam: Valerian & Laureline official series blog
 Valérian et Laureline animated series official site
 Valerian & Laureline Series official website
 Valerian & Laureline episodes on VALERIAN & LAURELINE ENGLISH OFFICIAL
 Valérian:  Spaceships, Simulacra and Star Wars
 Valerian. Storie di un futuro amico at "Spigoli&Culture spigol@ture"

Bandes dessinées
Dargaud titles
French comic strips
Science fiction comics
1967 comics debuts
Comics characters introduced in 1967
2010 comics endings
Post-apocalyptic comics
Comics about time travel
Comics set on fictional planets
Fiction set in the 28th century
Spy comics
Comic strip duos
Fictional French people
Comics about extraterrestrial life
Comics about women
Comics adapted into television series
Comics adapted into animated series
French comics adapted into films
Space opera comics

Valérian and Laureline


Orobancheae, tribus volovotkovki, dio reda medićolike (Lamiales). Postoji 12 rodova rasprostranjenih po svim kontinentima.

Tipični i najrašireniji je rod volovod (Orobanche)

Rodovi
 Boschniakia C.A.Mey.
 Cistanche Hoffmanns. & Link
 Conopholis Wallr.
 Epifagus Nutt.
 Eremitilla Yatsk. & J.L.Contr.
 Gleadovia Gamble & Prain
 Kopsiopsis (Beck) Beck
 Mannagettaea Harry Sm.
 Orobanche L.
 Phacellanthus Siebold & Zucc.
 Phelypaea Tourn. ex L.
 Xylanche Beck

Sinonimi
 Phelypaeaceae Horaninow

Izvori

Volovotkovke

Orobancheae


Rețeaua de troleibuz din Târgu Jiu asigură transportul electric din oraș. Rețeaua a fost inaugurată în 20 iunie 1995. Sistemul include o linie interurbană către Bârsești.

Trasee

Reteaua include 2 trasee, acestea fiind:

 Traseul 1: 9 Mai - Artego, inaugurat pe 20 iunie 1995;
 Traseul 2: 9 Mai - Bârsești, inaugurat pe 1 decembrie 1999.

Vehicule

La momentul înființării rețelei, au fost achiziționate 17 troleibuze (12 ROCAR 217E și 5 ROCAR 212E), produse în anul 1995. În prezent, respectivele troleibuze sunt retrase definitiv din circulație, ca urmare a introducerii treptate pe trasee a 11 troleibuze noi, de tip Solaris Trollino 12S, respectiv 9 troleibuze de tip Solaris Trollino 12M.

Târgu Jiu
Târgu Jiu

Troleibuzele din Târgu Jiu


Princ Alfred od Lihtenštajna (Alfred Aloys Eduard; 11. lipnja 1842. u Pragu – 8. listopada 1907. u dvorcu Frauenthal castle) bio je sin princa Franza de Paule od Lihtenštajna (1802. – 1887.) i grofice Julije Eudoxije Potocka-Piława (1818. – 1895.), te rođak kneza Franje I. od Lihtenštajna.

Biografija
Princ Alfred bio je sin austrijskog generala princa Franza od Lihtenštajna i grofice Julije Eudoxije Potocka-Piława. Nakon što je studirao pravo od 1864. do 1866. godine, princ Alfred ušao je u austrijsku vojsku, gdje je došao do čina bojnika. Političko djelovanje započeo je u Grazu, 1873., kao predvodnik konzervativnoga i protuliberalnoga odbora. Ušao je u zemaljski parlament vojvdostva Štajerske, gdje je ostao do 1899. S mandatom iz izborne jedinice Radkersburg-Feldbach ušao je 1879. u Zastupnički dom austrijskoga Carevinskoga vijeća, gdje je ostao do 1878. Zalagao se uvođenje konfesionalnih škola. Zajedno sa svojim bratom, princom Aloysom osnovao je kršćanski orijentiran Lihtenštajnski klub. Nakon smrti njegova oca, 1887., Alfred je postao poglavarom bočne linije obitelji Liechtenstein, te je preuzeo odgovarajuće dužnosti u kneževskoj kući.

Godine 1903. postao je viteza Reda zlatnoga runa.

Brak i potomstvo
Oženio je prvu rođakinju, u Beču, 26. travnja 1865., princezu Henriette od Lihtenštajna (Schloss Liechtenstein bei Mödling, 6. lipnja 1843. - Schloss Frauenthal, 24. prosinca 1931.), kći kneza Alojza II. Par je imao desetero djece.
 princeza Franziska Maria Johanna (Beč, 21. kolovoza 1866. - Schloss Frauenthal, 23. prosinca 1939.), nije se udavala, nema potomstva.
 princ Franz de Paula Maria (Beč, 24. siječnja 1868. - Graz, 26. kolovoza 1929.), nije se ženio, nema potomstva.
 princeza Julia (Beč, 24. siječnja 1868 - Beč, 24. siječnja 1868).
 princ Aloys (1869. – 1955.); oženio nadvojvotkinju Elisabeth Amalie Austrijsku; odrekao se prava nasljedstva u korist sina Franje Josipa, 1923. godine
 princeza Maria Theresia Julie (Hollenegg, 9. rujna 1871. - Schloss Frauenthal, 9. travnja 1964.), nije se udavala, nema potomstva.
 princ Johann (Beč, 6. siječnja 1873. - Hollenegg, 3. rujna 1959.), oženio Mariju groficu Andrássy von Czik-Szent-Király und Krasna-Horka (Budimpešta, 7. prosinca 1886. - Beč, 14. prosinca 1961.), i imao potomstvo.
 princ Alfred Roman (Beč, 6. travnja 1875. - Waldstein bei Peggau, Štajerska, 25. listopada 1930.), oženio 1912. Theresiju Mariju princezu zu Oettingen-Oettingen und Oettingen-Wallerstein (München, 1. lipnja 1887. - Waldstein, 29. svibnja 1971.), i imao potomstvo.
 princ Heinrich Aloys Maria Joseph (Hollenegg, 21. lipnja 1877. - ubijen na službi u I. svjetskom ratu u Varšavi, 16. kolovoza 1915.), nije se ženio, nema potomstva.
 princ Karl Aloys (Frauenthal, 16. rujna 1878. - Frauenthal, 20. lipnja 1955.), oženio 1921. Elizabeth, princezu od Uracha i groficu od Württemberga (Schloss Lichtenstein, 23. kolovoza 1894. - Frauenthal, 13. listopada 1962.) i imao potomstvo.
 princ Georg Hartmann Joseph Maria Mathäus (Beč, 22. veljače 1880. - Hollenegg, 14. travnja 1931.), benediktinac u Pragu.

Rodoslovlje

Vanjske poveznice
 Princ Alfred od Lihtenštajna na stranici Find a Grave
 Lorenz–Stekl: Liechtenstein Alfred Prinz von und zu. U: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). svezak 5, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Beč 1972., s. 202.
 Redaktion HLFL: Liechtenstein, Alfred von (1842–1907). U: Historisches Lexikon des Fürstentums Liechtenstein.

Izvori

Životopisi, Lihtenštajn
Vitezovi Zlatnoga runa

Alfred od Lihtenštajna


Mahmut Esat Bozkurt (1892; Kuşadası, Aydın Vilayeti - 21 Aralık 1943; İstanbul), Atatürk'ün yakın çalışma arkadaşlarından ve Türkiye'de hukuki temellerinin atılmasında katkılarda bulunmuş Türk devlet adamıdır.

Hayatı
1892 yılında o dönemde İzmir'e bağlı bir kaza olan Kuşadası'nda doğdu. Babası Kuşadası'nın ileri gelen ailelerinden Hacımahmutoğulları'ndan Hasan Bey'dir. İki yıl İzmir İdadisi'nde okuduktan sonra, II. Abdülhamid yönetimine karşı mücadeleye katılan dayısı Ubeydullah Efendi ile birlikte İstanbul'a gitti.

1911 yılında İstanbul Hukuk Mektebi'nden mezun oldu. İsviçre'de Lozan ve Freiburg üniversitelerinde öğrenim gördü ve kapitülasyonlar konusunda doktora yaptı. İzmir'in Yunanlar tarafından işgalinden sonra Türk Kurtuluş Savaşı'na katılmak üzere yurda döndü ve Ege Bölgesi'nde Kuvâ-yi Milliye teşkilatının içinde yer alarak önemli yararlıklar gösterdi.

TBMM 1. Dönem İzmir mebusu olarak Meclis'e girdi. Meclis'te Anayasa Komisyonu ve Dışişleri Komisyonu'nda çalıştı. 12 Temmuz 1922 tarihinde Rauf Orbay'ın başkanı olduğu IV. İcra Vekilleri Heyeti'nde İktisat Vekilliği'ne seçildi. Bu görevini 4 Ağustos 1923 tarihine kadar sürdürdü.

11 Ağustos 1923 tarihinde başlayan TBMM 2. Dönem'de tekrar İzmir milletvekili seçildi. 14 Ağustos 1923 tarihinde Ali Fethi Okyar'ın başkanlığında kurulan V. İcra Vekilleri Heyeti'nde, TBMM tarafından ikinci kez İktisat Vekilliği'ne seçildi. Bu görevini 27 Kasım 1923 tarihine kadar sürdürdü.

20 Nisan 1924 tarihinde kabul edilen Teşkilat-ı Esasiye Kanunu'nun hazırlayan komisyonda görev aldı. 22 Kasım 1924 tarihinde Ali Fethi Okyar Hükûmeti'nde Adliye Vekili olarak görevlendirildi. 5 Kasım 1925 tarihinde Ankara Hukuk Mektebi'nin açılmasında büyük payı oldu. Bu görevine

3. ve 4. İsmet İnönü Hükûmetleri'nde de Adliye Vekili olarak görev yaptı.

Adliye Vekilliği döneminde 17 Şubat 1926 tarihinde Türk Medeni Kanunu, 1 Mart 1926 tarihinde Türk Ceza Kanunu, 19 Nisan 1926 tarihinde Kabotaj Kanunu, 22 Nisan 1926 tarihinde Türk Borçlar Kanunu, 29 Mayıs 1926 tarihinde Türk Ticaret Kanunu, 18 Haziran 1926 tarihinde Türk Hukuk Muhakemeleri Usulü Kanunu gibi Türk hukuk sisteminin temel yasaları hazırlanarak yürürlüğe girdi.

Cumhuriyet tarihinde Bozkurt-Lotus vakası olarak adlandırılan, Bozkurt adlı Türk gemisiyle Lotus adlı Fransız gemisinin 2 Ağustos 1926 tarihinde Ege Denizi'de çarpışması nedeniyle iki ülke arasında çıkan anlaşmazlıkta Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Hükûmeti'ni Lahey Uluslararası Adalet Divanı'nda temsil etti. Bu dava, tarihçiler tarafından Türk hukukunun ve adalet örgütünün kapitülasyonlar dönemini geride bırakarak insan ve egemenlik haklarına dayalı çağdaş hukuk düzeyine yükseldiğinin bir simgesi olarak değerlendirilmektedir.

18 Eylül 1930'da Ödemiş'te, Serbest Cumhuriyet Fırkası'nın muhalefetine karşı Cumhuriyet Halk Fırkası'nı savunmak adına yaptığı konuşmasında söylediği sözler tartışma konusu olmuştur.

Bu sözlere gelen eleştiriler üzerine Bozkurt, 21 Eylül 1930'da Akşam gazetesine şu demeci verdi.

1934 yılında Soyadı Kanunu'nun yürürlüğe girmesiyle Mustafa Kemal Atatürk tarafından 'Bozkurt' soyadı verildi. Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi ve Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi'nde Anayasa ve Devletler Hukuku profesörlüğü de yaptı.

1935 yılında Mason Locaları'nın kapatılmasında büyük rolü vardır.

21 Aralık 1943 tarihinde beyin kanaması sonucu İstanbul'da öldü. Kabri İzmir ili Selçuk ilçesinde özel bir mezarlıktadır.

Başlıca eserleri
 Lotus Davasında Türkiye-Fransa Müdafaaları (1927)
 Türk İhtilalinde Vatan Müdafaası (1934)
 Türk Köylü ve İşçilerinin Hakları (1939)
 Devletlerarası Hak (1940)
 Atatürk İhtilali (1940)
 Aksak Timur'un Devlet Politikası (1943)
 Masonlar Dinleyiniz!
 Liberalizm Masalı

Kaynakça

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
 Hakkı Uyar, Mahmut Esat Bozkurt Sol Milliyetçi Bir Türk Aydını 1892- 1943, Büke Yayınları, 2000.

Dış bağlantılar

1892 doğumlular
İzmir doğumlular
1943 yılında ölenler
Türk hukukçular
Türk milliyetçileri
Türk sekülaristler
Atatürkçüler
Türkçüler
Kırmızı-yeşil şeritli İstiklâl Madalyası sahipleri
TBMM 1. dönem İzmir milletvekilleri
TBMM 2. dönem İzmir milletvekilleri
TBMM 3. dönem İzmir milletvekilleri
TBMM 4. dönem İzmir milletvekilleri
TBMM 5. dönem İzmir milletvekilleri
TBMM 6. dönem İzmir milletvekilleri
TBMM 7. dönem İzmir milletvekilleri
Anayasa hukukçuları
TBMM Dışişleri Komisyonu
TBMM Anayasa Komisyonu
İzmir Atatürk Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
İstanbul Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
İstiklâl mahkemeleri üyeleri
Çokkültürlülük eleştirmenleri

Mahmut Esat Bozkurt


Knorrenmühle ist ein Gemeindeteil der Großen Kreisstadt Dinkelsbühl im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Die Einöde liegt am Hausertsmühlbach (im Unterlauf Walkenmühlbach genannt), der ein rechter Zufluss der Wörnitz ist. Im Süden grenzt auf dem Flurgebiet Lach ein großflächiger Golfplatz an, im Nordwesten befindet sich der Hirtenbuck. Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße verläuft nach Seidelsdorf (0,2 km nordöstlich) bzw. zu einer Gemeindeverbindungsstraße bei Hausertshof (0,7 km südlich).

Geschichte
Knorrenmühle wurde in der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts erstmals schriftlich erwähnt.

Die Fraisch über Knorrenmühle war strittig zwischen dem ansbachischen Oberamt Crailsheim, dem oettingen-spielbergischen Oberamt Mönchsroth und der Reichsstadt Dinkelsbühl. Der Ort gehörte zur Realgemeinde Seidelsdorf. Gegen Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts gab es 1 Anwesen. Grundherr war das Oberamt Mönchsroth. Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Crailsheim.

Im Jahr 1809 wurde Knorrenmühle infolge des Gemeindeedikts dem Steuerdistrikt Segringen und der Ruralgemeinde Seidelsdorf zugeordnet. Am 1. Juli 1970 wurde Knorrenmühle im Zuge der Gebietsreform in Bayern nach Dinkelsbühl eingegliedert.

Baudenkmal
 Seidelsdorf 1: ehemaliges Wohn- und Mühlengebäude, sogenannte Knorrenmühle, zweigeschossiger unverputzter Sandsteinbau mit Satteldach, erstes Viertel 19. Jahrhundert

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Vinzenz (Segringen) gepfarrt. Die Katholiken sind nach St. Georg (Dinkelsbühl) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Dinkelsbühl)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Ersterwähnung im 17. Jahrhundert
Wassermühle im Landkreis Ansbach
Einzelsiedlung
Bauwerk in Dinkelsbühl
Mühle in Europa

Knorrenmühle


São Miguel do Prado Portekiz'de Vila Verde belediyesine bağlı olan, 5,35 km2yüzölçümüne sahip, 727 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Vila Verde'nin bucakları

São Miguel do Prado


Opdagernes monument (, opdagernes mindesmærke) er et monument på nordsiden af floden Tejos udløb, i Lissabon-distriktet Santa Maria de Belém. Monumentet ligger ved floden, hvorfra fartøjer sejlede ud på lange opdagelses- og handelsrejser til Indien og Fjernøsten, og det hylder de store opdagelsers epoke – især Portugals andel i den – i 1400- og 1500-tallet.

Historie

Baggrund
Mindesmærket blev udformet i 1939 af den portugisiske arkitekt José Ângelo Cottinelli Telmo og skulptøren Leopoldo de Almeida, som et midlertidig landemærke under den verdensudstilling som fandt sted i byen i 1940. Dette år markerede Portugal 800 årsdagen for landets oprettelse og 300 årsdagen for selvstændigheden fra Spanien. Monumentet repræsenterede en romantiseret version af de portugisiske opdagelsers tid, en idyllisering som var typisk for António de Oliveira Salazars Estado Novo-regime.

Det blev oprindelig konstrueret som en provisorisk installation på torvet Praça do Império og som del af en byfornyelse. Men i 1943 blev den oprindelige konstruktion fjernet, sammen med andre byggerier i forbindelse med Verdensudstillingen.

Permanent monument
I 1958 blev det besluttet at opstille et permanent mindesmærke. Dette stod færdigt i 1960, med skulpturer af 33 af de personer som deltog i Portugals udforskning af fjerne lande. Nedenfor er de markerede personer angivet.

Noter

Lissabon
Arkitektur
Kultur i Portugal

Opdagernes monument


Nova Laranjeiras es un municipio brasileño del Estado de Paraná. Su población estimada en 2008 era de 11.598 habitantes. Según el Censo de 2010 del IBGE, se estima en 11.241 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Blog de la Ciudad

Localidades de Paraná

Nova Laranjeiras


محافظة شندي إحدى محافظات ولاية نهر النيل وتقع في الجزء الجنوبي الشرقي من الولاية وهي بوابة الولاية من الجنوب وتقع شمال ولاية الخرطوم وهي في الجزء الشرقي من نهر النيل وتقابل محافظة المتمة وبها عدد من المحليات أولها محلية حجر العسل والتي تبدأ من الشلال السادس (السبلوقة) وتضم هذه المحلية العديد من القرى وبعدها محلية شندي والتي تبدأ من ود بانقا إلى مدينة شندي.

وتتميز المدينة بكثرة بساتين الفاكهة والنخيل وبها بنطون «قارب كبير ينقل الناس والعربات من ضفة إلى أخرى» كبير يتم الاستفادة منه كما أنها موطن لقبيلة الجعليين التي تعد رمزا من رموز السودان.

محافظة شندي
ولاية نهر النيل

شندي (محافظة)


Business casual is an ambiguously defined Western dress code that is generally considered casual wear but with smart (in the sense of "well dressed") components of a proper lounge suit from traditional informal wear, adopted for  white-collar workplaces. This interpretation typically including dress shirt and trousers, but worn with an odd-coloured blazer or a sports coat instead. Neck ties are optional in this category.

Acceptance of business casual in the United States was preceded by Casual Fridays which originated in California in the 1990s, in turn inspired by the Hawaiian 1960s casual custom of Aloha Friday. The designation of particular clothing pieces as "business casual" may be contentious.

Definition
There is no generally agreed definition of "business casual".  One definition of business casual states that it includes khaki pants, slacks, and skirts, as well as short-sleeved polo shirts  and long-sleeved shirts, but excludes tight or short skirts, T-shirts, and sweatshirts. Another source, an American university careers service, states that business casual consists of neutral colors more towards the dark shades of black, gray, navy, but can include white and off white, and reminds that the clothing should be pressed and have clean, crisp seams. The "Dress for Success" advice from the University of Toronto sums up business casual as "a classic, clean cut, and put together look where a full suit is not required," which means slacks, khakis, or skirts; blouses, polo shirts, or shirts with collar but no necktie; some sweaters; and closed-toe shoes. The Canadian university ends with the warning that "it is not clothing you would wear to a club or for athletic purposes.... Don't let the word casual mislead you. You still need to look professional."

Another author wrote in the Financial Times that "Ordinarily business casual for guys seems fairly clear. It is a pair of chinos, a blazer and a good shirt, no tie."

A BBC article suggested that a "safe global standard" consists of "a button down shirt," "jackets or blazers, khaki or gray slacks, and leather shoes." It warned, however, that great variation exists between countries and regions within countries. A U.S. menswear retailer advises men to wear a collared shirt, chinos, navy blazer, and brown shoes, while making sure to look "clean and well-groomed."

A contributor to Forbes asked her Facebook friends to define business casual, and found a slightly more casual apparent consensus not forcibly including a jacket: "For men: trousers/khakis and a shirt with a collar. For women: trousers/knee-length skirt and a blouse or shirt with a collar. No jeans. No athletic wear." A response to that was "I disagree. No khakis." She states that "there's a lack of consensus in what actually defines a business casual wardrobe. All most people know is they don't want to see too much of a colleague's body, including feet."

See also
 Dress code
 Western dress codes
 Casual wear
 Smart casual
 Casual Friday
 Workwear
 Sportswear

References

1990s fashion
Fashion aesthetics
Workwear
Lounge jackets
Casual wear

Business casual


Ahmet Zahrettin Sebuhi Ertegün (30 Temmuz 1923, İstanbul –  14 Aralık 2006, New York), Türk-Amerikan müzik yapımcısı, iş insanı ve Atlantic Records'un kurucusudur. The Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin'in yanı sıra Eric Clapton, Aretha Franklin ve Ray Charles gibi isimleri müzik dünyasına kazandırdı.

Hayatı

Ahmet Ertegün'ün büyük dedesi İbrahim Edhem Efendi, Üsküdar Özbekler Tekkesi'nin son postnişîni idi. Washington büyükelçisi Münir Ertegün ve Hayrünnisa Rüstem'in ikinci oğludur. Babası Münir Ertegün, Millî Mücadele döneminde önemli görevler ve hizmetler yapmış bir devlet adamıydı. Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra, genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin Milletler Cemiyeti'ndeki temsilcisi ve daha sonra büyükelçi olarak çeşitli Avrupa başkentlerinde ve daha sonra Amerika'da bulundu.

Ahmet Ertegün, 1923 yılında İstanbul'da doğdu. Babasının görevi dolayısıyla İsviçre, Paris ve Londra'da okula giden Ertegün, 1935 yılında babasının Washington'a büyükelçi olarak atanmasıyla birlikte ABD'ye yerleşti.

14 yaşındayken annesi Ahmet'e, Cootie Williams'ın enstrümental West and Blues başlıklı albümü ile birlikte ses kayıt edebilen bir plakçalar hediye etmiş. Ertegün bir yandan çalarken kendi yazdığı sözleri mikrofona okuyor ve bunları kaydediyor, abisi Nasuhi Ertegün ile birlikte odalarında sevdikleri müzikleri dinliyorlardı. "16 yaşındayken bir pop müzik uzmanı sayılabilecek kadar bilgim, 18 yaşındayken de 50 bin plağım vardı" diyen Ertegün, abisi ile beraber o yıllarda Duke Ellington, Lena Horne, Jelly Roll Morton gibi sanatçılarla arkadaşlık kurdu. 1945 yılında babası Münir Ertegün'ün ölümünün ardından ailesi Türkiye'ye döndü. Ahmet Ertegün, ağabeyi Nasûhî Ertegün ile birlikte Amerika'da kaldı. Ahmet Ertegün, St. John's Üniversitesi'nde felsefe okudu.

Ertegün Kardeşler, 1947 yılında Herb Abramson ile beraber, aile dostları olan diş hekimi Dr. Vahdi Sabit'ten 10 bin dolar borç alarak Atlantic Records adlı plak şirketini kurdu. Siyâhî müzisyenlerle arasındaki iyi bağlardan ötürü dönemin en önemli jazz müzisyenleri ile sözleşme yaptı.

1947'de Atlantic Records yapımcılığını üstlendiği ilk albümü çıkardı. İlk olarak stüdyolarında Harlemaies'in The Rose of the Rio Grande başlıklı albümü kaydedildi. 1949 yılının Nisan ayında çıkarılan Stick Mcghee'in Drinkin' Wine Spo-Dee-O-Dee başlıklı albümü, 1 milyondan fazla satışı ile Atlantic'in ilk hiti oldu. 1955 yılında Elvis Presley'e kontrat imzalaması için 25 bin dolar teklif edildi, ancak 20 bin dolar farkla sözleşme RCA Records plak şirketine satıldı. 1959'da Arif Mardin de aralarına katıldı."Atlantic Records'u kurmamızın sebebi, müziklerini beğendiğimiz birkaç şarkıcı ile kontrat imzalamak ve satın almak isteyeceğimiz albümlerini çıkartmaktı. Açıkçası asla çok eğlenceli bir şeyler yaparak para kazanabileceğimi düşünmedim. Yanılmış olduğum için çok mutluyum."Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin, Ella Fitzgerald, Miles Davis gibi isimlerin albümlerinin yapımcılığını üstlenen Ertegünler, Frank Zappa, Stevie Wonder, The Rolling Stones, Bee Gees, Led Zeppelin, Genesis, Emerson Lake & Palmer, Bette Midler gibi birçok ismin üne kavuşmasında büyük rol oynadı.

Ödülleri
Ertegün, 1991 yılında Boston'daki Berklee Müzik Okulu tarafından fahrî doktor unvanına lâyık görüldü.

1993 yılında National Academy of Recording Arts & Sciences tarafından ödüllendirildi ve 2000 yılında Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Kongre Kütüphanesi tarafından yaşayan efsane unvanıyla onurlandırıldı.

İstanbul Kültür Sanat Vakfı tarafından düzenlenen İstanbul Caz Festivali'nin ilk yaşam boyu başarı ödülü 2002 yılında Ahmet Ertegün'e takdim edildi.

Haziran 2006'da 40'ıncı Montrö Caz Festivali'nin açılış konseri, kendisinin onuruna verildi.

Ertegün, Amerikalı ünlü caz şarkıcısı Ray Charles'ın 1952-1959 yılları arasında seslendirdiği kayıtlardan derlenen Pure Genius: The Complete Atlantic Recordings adlı koleksiyonun yapımcısı olarak en iyi tarihî albüm kategorisinde Grammy Ödülü'ne aday gösterildi. Daha önce üç farklı alanda Grammy Ödülü kazanmış olan Ertegün, 2006 yılı töreninde icon adı verilen onur ödülüne layık görüldü. Bu ödül, müzik dünyasına emeği geçen kişiler için ilk kez verilmeye başlanmıştı. Ertegün, ödülünü alırken tek cümle söyledi:"Bana bu imkânı tanıyan Amerika'ya ve sevgili anavatanım Türkiye'ye teşekkür ederim."

Ölümü

29 Ekim 2006'da New York'ta bir The Rolling Stones konseri sırasında ayağının kayması sonucu düşerek başını vuran Ertegün hastaneye kaldırıldı. New York Presbyterian Hastanesi'nde yapılan ilk müdahalesinden sonra yoğun bakıma alındı, 14 Aralık 2006 günü öldü. Naaşı, Türkiye'ye getirilerek 19 Aralık 2006'da ailesinin diğer fertleri gibi Üsküdar Özbekler Tekkesi'nin hazîresine defnedildi.

Fahrî faaliyetleri
 Amerikan Türk İş Adamları Derneği başkanlığı yaptı.
 New York Cosmos kulübünü 1971'de kurarak futbolu ABD'ye soktu.
 Kâtibim'i Amerikan müziğine kazandırdı.
 Münir Ertegün Tarih Araştırma Vakfı'nı kurdu.

Diğer
 Cumhuriyet ile yaşıt olan Ertegün, yaşamının büyük kısmını Türkiye dışında geçirmesine rağmen Türkiye'nin tanıtımı için gönüllü bir kültür elçisi olarak çalıştı. Hem Türkiye'ye yatırım getirmek hem de Türkiye'ye yatırım yapmak isteyenlere yardımcı olan Ertegün, medyada da büyük işlere imza attı. Bir Bodrum aşığı olan Ertegün, müzik sevgisi kadar doğa sevgisi ile de şaşırtıcıydı. Büyük bir koleksiyoner olarak isimsiz Türk ressamlarının tablolarına ilgi göstermiştir.
 Eartha Kitt'in yorumu ile Üsküdar'a gider iken şarkısının melodisinin Amerikan kültürünün bir parçası haline gelmesini sağladı.
 Ağabeyinin anısına Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (Nesûhî-Ahmet Ertegün Rock and Roll Şöhretler Müzesi) kuran Ahmet Ertegün, Amerika'daki Türk cemiyetinin önemli isimlerindendi. Bugün Cleveland Ohio'daki müzenin ana sergi salonu Ertegün'ün ismini taşıyor.
 2004 yılında New York'ta inşâ edilen Time Warner Center gökdeleninde Ertegün Caz Şöhretleri Müzesi'nin sponsoru oldu.
 Amerika'ya Avrupa futbolunu ilk getiren kişi olan Ertegün, 70'li yıllarda New York Cosmos takımını kurdu. Diego Maradona'yı almak istediğinde, Maradona henüz 17 yaşındaydı. Lig büyüdükçe iyi oyuncular getirdi. Pele, Carlos Alberto, Franz Beckenbauer ve Galatasaray'dan kaleci Yasin gibi isimleri takıma aldı.
 Ray Charles'ı anlatan Ray başlıklı filmde Curtis Armstrong, Bobby Darin'ı anlatan Beyond the Sea başlıklı filmde ise Tayfun Bademsoy tarafından canlandırıldı.

Kaynakça

Genel
 Ahmet Ertegün'ün hayatı ve müzik tarihindeki önemi
 Dünya Müziğinde İki Yapımcı: Ahmet Ertegün ve Arif Mardin
 Ahmet Ertegün ve Atlantic Records

Dış bağlantılar

 Atlantic Records
 Ahmet Ertegün Tribute sayfası

1923 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu iş insanları
20. yüzyıl Amerikalı iş insanları
21. yüzyıl Amerikalı iş insanları
Amerikalı müzik yapımcıları
Türk müzik yapımcıları
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'ndeki Türk göçmenler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri vatandaşlığına kabul edilenler
Berklee College of Musicte öğrenim görenler
Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
Caz müziği yapımcıları
Amerikalı şarkı yazarları
Türk şarkı yazarları
20. yüzyıl Amerikalı müzisyenleri
New York eyaletinde kazalarda ölenler
Türk asıllı Amerikalılar
Blues Hall of Fame üyeleri
Türk spor yöneticileri
2006 yılında ölenler
New York'ta ölenler
Türk iş insanları
Atlantic Records
Türk caz müzisyenleri
Düşme sonucu ölenler
20. yüzyılda Amerikalı erkek müzisyenler

Ahmet Ertegün


Tomohide Nakazawa (født 13. september 1980) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Yokohama FC.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Tomohide Nakazawa


[[Dosya:Diogenes-statue-Sinop-crop.JPG|küçükresim|sağ|upright=0.91|İlk yapıldığında 'siyasi felsefeye'

Felsefesi
Diyojen yoksulluk içinde yaşadığı, halka açık yerlerde yatıp kalktığı ve yiyeceğini dilenerek topladığı halde, herkesin aynı şekilde yaşaması gerektiğini savunmamıştır. Kişinin en kısıtlı yaşam koşullarında bile, mutlu ve bağımsız olabileceğini göstermeyi amaçlamıştır. İnsanın kendi kendine yeterli olabilmesi gerektiğini savunmuştur. Uygarlaşmanın getirdiği kurallara ve araçlara bağlı olan bir yaşamı reddetmiş, yaşamın doğal ve sade olması gerektiğine inanmıştır.

Kendi açısından sade ve doğal, toplumsal değerler açısından ise sefil denebilecek bir yaşam sürer. Ona göre, sade bir yaşam tarzı, sadelikten başka, örgütlenmiş, dolayısıyla uzlaşımsal toplumların görenek ve yasalarını da önemsememek anlamına gelir. Diyojen, doğaya aykırı bir kurum olan ailenin yerini, kadınların ve erkeklerin tek bir eşe bağlı olmadığı, çocukların ise bütün toplumun sorumluluğunda bulunduğu doğal bir durumun alması gerektiğini savunmuştur.

İstifçilik sendromu
Zaman içerisinde Diyojen, onun yaşam biçimine benzer yaşayan insanlar için bir yakıştırma olmuştur. Bu benzetme psikiyatride de kullanılmaya başlanmış ve kendilerine bakmayan insanlar Diyojen'e benzetilerek, hastalıklarına "Diyojen sendromu" adı verilmiştir. Bu hastalar normalde sosyokültürel seviyesi yüksek insanlar olup, bu tip bir davranış bozukluğuna çok yavaş geçmektedirler. İlk olarak etraflarında olup bitenlerle temaslarını kesen bu hastalar genellikle yalnız yaşarlar ya da etraflarındaki yakınlarının farkında değildirler. Anti-sosyalleşip çoğunlukla kir pas içinde, dağınık bir ortamda yaşamaya başlayarak çöp toplamaya (syllogomania) da başlayabilmektedirler.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Kinizm
 Antikçağ felsefesi
 Antisthenes

Konuyla ilgili yayınlar
  Küçüklere Filozoflar Dizisi-Yan Marchand, Diyojen: Köpek Adam,Sistem Yayıncılık,2012, ISBN 978-975-342-841-5
   Nejat Muallimoğlu, Düşünen İnsana Hazine, Avcıol Basım Yayın,2002
 PDF —  DİYOJEN SENDROMU, Turkish Journal of Geriatric,2002

Kaynakça

MÖ 412 doğumlular
MÖ 323 yılında ölenler
Sinop doğumlular
MÖ 4. yüzyılda Yunanlar
Antik Yunan filozoflar
Sofistler
Kinikler

Diyojen


Far, far, krigsmand er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2009, der er instrueret af Mads Ellesøe.

Handling
Søren er fanget mellem soldaterlivet og familielivet og har lovet, at missionen til Afghanistan bliver den sidste. Men kan han holde sit ord? Filmen er optaget både i Danmark og Afghanistan og følger Sørens kamp, både på slagmarken og på hjemmefronten.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2009

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Far, far, krigsmand


Marco Antonio Fabián Vázquez (* 26. Dezember 1964 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) ist ein ehemaliger mexikanischer Fußballspieler, der im Mittelfeld agierte und anschließend als Trainer tätig war. Von Januar 2007 bis Juni 2013 gehörte er zum Trainerstab von Chivas Guadalajara. Er ist der Vater des Fußballspielers Marco Jhonfai Fabián de la Mora, der von 2016 bis 2019 bei Eintracht Frankfurt unter Vertrag stand.

Leben

Spieler
Marco Antonio Fabián begann seine Profikarriere in der zweiten mexikanischen Fußballliga in Diensten der Reboceros de La Piedad und wechselte vermutlich 1989 zum ebenfalls in der zweiten Liga spielenden Club León, dem am Ende der Saison 1989/90 die Rückkehr in die Primera División gelang. Dort spielte Fabián zwei Jahre für León und gewann mit den Esmeraldas die Meisterschaft der Saison 1991/92. In der darauffolgenden Saison 1992/93 spielte Fabián für den Puebla FC und anschließend bis zu deren Abstieg in die neu geschaffene zweite Liga am Saisonende 1994/95 für die Correcaminos de la UAT. Anschließend stand Fabián bei den Zweitligisten Chivas Tijuana, Tampico-Madero FC, erneut CF La Piedad, CD Tapatío und zuletzt den Bachilleres Guadalajara unter Vertrag, in deren Diensten er seine aktive Laufbahn ausklingen ließ.

Trainer
Von Januar 2007 bis Juni 2013 stand Fabián als Trainer in verschiedenen Funktionen bei seinem Heimatverein Chivas Guadalajara unter Vertrag, für den er jahrelang als Assistenztrainer tätig war und in der wechselvollen Apertura 2009 mit vier Trainerwechseln kurzzeitig als Cheftrainer zum Einsatz kam. Später arbeitete Fabián als Cheftrainer der in der drittklassigen Segunda División spielenden Chivas-Reservemannschaft und aktuell als Cheftrainer der U-17-Nachwuchsmannschaft des Vereins.

Erfolge
 Mexikanischer Meister: 1991/92

Quellen
 Biografische Daten aus dem Leben von Marco Antonio Fabián Vázquez bei Informador.com (spanisch; abgerufen am 19. Februar 2012)
 Le falta un título a Marco Fabián (spanisch; Artikel vom 11. August 2011)
 Spielerprofil bei Mediotiempo

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (CF La Piedad)
Fußballspieler (Club León)
Fußballspieler (Club Puebla)
Fußballspieler (UAT Correcaminos)
Fußballspieler (Tampico-Madero FC)
Fußballspieler (Club Deportivo Tapatío)
Fußballspieler (Leones Negros de la UdeG)
Fußballtrainer (Deportivo Guadalajara)
Mexikanischer Meister (Fußball)
Person (Guadalajara, Mexiko)
Geboren 1964
Mexikaner
Mann

Marco Antonio Fabián Vázquez


මල්වාන බලකොටුව ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ගම්පහ දිස්ත්‍රික්කයට අයත් මල්වානේ කැළණි ගඟ ඉවුරේ ඉදිකොට තිබූ පෘතුගීසී බලකොටුවක් වේ. එය ලංකාවේ පෘතුගීසි ආණ්ඩුකාරවරයාගේ හෝ කැප්ටන්-මේජර්වරුන්ගේ නිවහන ලෙසද භාවිතා වන්නට ඇතැයි සැළකේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

බලකොටු - ශ්‍රී ලංකා

මල්වාන බලකොටුව


Caipirasuchus es un género extinto de crocodilomorfo notosuquio esfagesáurido del Cretácico Superior de Brasil. Es conocido a partir de un cráneo completo y una mandíbula recuperados en la formación Adamantina de la cuenca Bauru, que data de las épocas del Turoniense al Santoniense de finales del Cretácico. Caipirasuchus fue nombrado originalmente nombrado por Fabiano V. Iori e Ismar S. Carvalho en 2011 y la especie tipo es C. paulistanus. Una segunda especie, C. montealtensis, fue referido a Caipirasuchus en 2013 tras haber sido nombrado en 2008 como una especie de Sphagesaurus. Una tercera especie, C. stenognathus, fue descrita en 2014.

Caipirasuchus tenía cerca de diez autapomorfias o características únicas. Las narinas exteriores (la abertura nasal en el cráneo) estaban bordeadas solo por los huesos premaxilares. Cada premaxilar albergaba cuatro dientes. Tenía un espacio, diastema, en la fila de dientes del premaxilar y otro entre los dientes del premaxilar y el maxilar. El hueso dentario de la mandíbula inferior tenía diez dientes en cada lado con dos diastemas separándolos. Los dientes frontales estaban adaptados a capturar la comida, mientras que los posteriores estaban adaptados a procesarla. El hueso palatal, en el cielo de la boca, se conectaba al hueso maxilar del hocico por una sección ósea llamada el proceso cuneiforme. Caipirasuchus también tenía grandes huesos pterigoides y ectopterigoides y una bien desarrollada abertura en la frente, denominanda fenestra anteorbital.

Referencias

Notosuchia
Crocodilomorfos del Cretácico
Crocodilomorfos extintos de América del Sur

Caipirasuchus


සෙවුම් යන්ත්‍ර ප්‍රශස්තකරණය  () (SEO) යනු වෙබ් අඩවියක් හෝ  වෙබ් පිටුවක් මත සෙවුම් යන්ත්‍රයක් යොදවා ලබන  "ස්වභාවික" හෝ නො-ගෙවන ("ඓන්ද්‍රීය") සෙවුම් ප්‍රතිඵලයන්හී දෘශ්‍යතාවයට බලපෑම් එල්ලකිරීමේ ක්‍රියාවලිය වෙයි. සාමාන්‍ය වශයෙන් ගත් කල, යම් අඩවියක්, සෙවුම් ප්‍රතිඵල ලැයිස්තුවේ මුලින්ම (හෝ සෙවුම් ප්‍රතිඵල පිටුවෙහි උච්ච අනුස්ථිතියක් සහිතව) සහ නිරන්තරයෙන් දෘශ්‍ය වන්නේ නම්, සෙවුම් යන්ත්‍රයක් පරිශීලනය කරන්නන් අතුරින්  බොහෝ පිවිසුම්කරුවන් ප්‍රමාණයක් එය ප්‍රතිග්‍රහණය කරනු ඇත. SEO විසින් බොහෝ ප්‍රභින්න සෙවුම් ක්‍රම ඉලක්ක කරනු ලබන අතර, මේවා අතර රූප සෙවුම්, ස්ථානිය සෙවුම්, විදෘශ්‍ය සෙවුම්, ශාස්ත්‍රීය සෙවුම්, පුවත් සෙවුම් සහ කර්මාන්ත-විශේෂිත සිරස් සෙවුම් යන්ත්‍ර අඩංගු වෙති.

සටහන්

අන්තර්ජාලය

සෙවුම් යන්ත්‍ර ප්‍රශස්තකරණය


Longsdon es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Staffordshire Moorlands, en el condado de Staffordshire (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Longsdon tiene una superficie de 8,6 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Longsdon tenía 532 habitantes (49,62% varones, 50,38% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 61,86 hab/km². El 13,91% eran menores de 16 años, el 80,08% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 6,02% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 44,88 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 20,52% estaban solteros, el 69,21% casados, y el 10,26% divorciados o viudos.

El 97,57% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 1,12% de la población, mientras que el 1,31% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. Según su grupo étnico, el 98,31% eran blancos, el 1,12% asiáticos y el 0,56% de cualquier otro salvo mestizos, negros y chinos. El cristianismo era profesado por el 80,08%, el hinduismo por el 0,56% y el sijismo por el 0,75%. El 11,84% no eran religiosos y el 6,77% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

Había 221 hogares con residentes y 13 vacíos.

Referencias

Localidades de Staffordshire
Parroquias civiles de Staffordshire

Longsdon


Star Air era uma companhia aérea da Indonésia com sede em Jacarta.

História

A companhia aérea foi criada em 2000, período em que surgiram empresas privadas na Indonésia depois que o governo anunciou a desregulamentação das companhias aéreas no país. A licença da Star Air foi revogada pelo governo em 2008 devido à inatividade.

Destinos

Frota

A frota da Star Air consistia nas seguintes aeronaves:

Ver também

 Lista de companhias aéreas fora de operação

Empresas aéreas extintas em 2008
Empresas aéreas fundadas em 2000
Empresas aéreas extintas da Indonésia

Star Air (Indonésia)


Maksimum flotte aplikasyonu veya adisyon flotte aplikasyonu teknikleri, Flexnip, Raco-yet, Optimax, Super-Sat, Dip-Sat gibi yeni çıkan aplikasyon teknikleridir.

Bu aplikasyon teknikleri ile kumaşına göre % 100 – 180 gibi oranlarda flotte aldırarak çalışma yapmak mümkündür. Bu yöntemlerle çalışmada, kumaşa damlamadan taşıyabileceği kadar bir flotte aldırılmaktadır. Böylece pasif, pahalı ve çok sayıdaki terbiye işlemlerini kısmen birleştirerek (örneğin bazik işlem + ağartma) etkili ve daha düzgün bir şekilde yapabilmek mümkün olmaktadır. Maksimum flotte aplikasyon yöntemleri özellikle pamuklu kumaşların ön terbiyesi için önemli avantajlar sağlamıştır. Ancak bu tekniklerle çalışabilmek, kumaşa taşıyabileceği kadar flotte aktarabilmek için ham kumaşın buraya gelmeden önce mutlaka bir kaynar yıkama veya haşıl sökme işleminden geçirilmiş olması gerekmektedir.Yani birazcık hidrofil olmalıdır.

Örneğin bunlardan Flexnip emdirme ünitesi şu şekilde çalışmaktadır: Emdirme haznesi çok küçük olduğu için tam bir adisyon aplikasyon yapılmaktadır. Aplikasyonda yaştan yaşa çalışmada yer değiştirme faktörü söz konusu değildir. 100 m/dakika ile çalışmada kumaşın çözeltiye dalma süresi sadece 0.15 saniyedir. Bu kısa süre her türlü madde alışverişini, flotte yer değişimini engellemektedir. Yine emdirme teknesindeki flotte yenilenme süresi çok kısa yani 18-20 saniye civarındadır. Çünkü toplam flotte hacmi 8-12 litre arasındadır. Aynı şekilde Optimax sistemde kumaş aşağıdan yukarıya ve sadece silindirler arasındaki az flotte ile emdirilmekte, çıkıştaki silindirler ise kumaşı sıkmadan hafif bir sıyırma işlemi yapmaktadırlar.Kumaş taşıyabileceği kadar flotte alarak buradan çıkmaktadır.

Yöntemlerin avantajları
 Kontrol için flottenin titrasyonu gerekmiyor.
 Adisyon aplikasyonu nedeniyle flottenin konsantrasyon salınımları yoktur.
 Yaştan yaşa çalışmada yer değiştirme faktörü ve karmaşası ortadan kalkmaktadır.
 İkinci kez flotte aktarımı (AF2) % 70 -80 gibi yüksek değerlerde olduğu için flottenin derişikleşmesine izin verilmez.
 Flotte hazırlamada çözünürlük problemi olmaz.
 Ön terbiyede kumaş üzerinde fazla flottenin bulunması hem makine içindeki kumaş hareketini kolaylaştırmakta hem kumaştan uzaklaşması gereken maddelerin kolay uzaklaşmasını sağlamakta hem de daha önceki düzgünsüzlükleri egalize etmektedir.
 Kumaşın yapısında fazla flotte bulunması nedeniyle buharlayıcı içindeki silindirlerin madde artıkları ile kirlenmeleri de azalmaktadır.
 Aktarılan flottenin fazla olması nedeniyle daha düşük madde konsantrasyonu ile çalışabilmek mümkündür.

Tekstil terimleri
Tekstil üretim teknikleri

Maksimum flotte aplikasyonu