A subsidiary, subsidiary company or daughter company is a company owned or controlled by another company, which is called the parent company or holding company. Two or more subsidiaries that either belong to the same parent company or having a same management being substantially controlled by same entity/group are called sister companies. The subsidiary will be required to follow the laws where it is headquartered and incorporated. It will also maintain its own executive leadership.

The subsidiary can be a company (usually with limited liability) and may be a government-owned or state-owned enterprise. They are a common feature of modern business life, and most multinational corporations organize their operations in this way. Examples of holding companies are Berkshire Hathaway, Jefferies Financial Group, The Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Discovery, or Citigroup; as well as more focused companies such as IBM, Xerox, and Microsoft. These, and others, organize their businesses into national and functional subsidiaries, often with multiple levels of subsidiaries.

Details

Subsidiaries are separate, distinct legal entities for the purposes of taxation, regulation and liability. For this reason, they differ from divisions, which are businesses fully integrated within the main company, and not legally or otherwise distinct from it. In other words, a subsidiary can sue and be sued separately from its parent and its obligations will not normally be the obligations of its parent. However, creditors of an insolvent subsidiary may be able to obtain a judgment against the parent if they can pierce the corporate veil and prove that the parent and subsidiary are mere alter egos of one another. Thus any copyrights, trademarks, and patents remain with the subsidiary until the parent shuts down the subsidiary.

Ownership of a subsidiary is usually achieved by owning a majority of its shares. This gives the parent the necessary votes to elect their nominees as directors of the subsidiary, and so exercise control. This gives rise to the common presumption that 50% plus one share is enough to create a subsidiary. There are, however, other ways that control can come about, and the exact rules both as to what control is needed, and how it is achieved, can be complex (see below). A subsidiary may itself have subsidiaries, and these, in turn, may have subsidiaries of their own. A parent and all its subsidiaries together are called a corporate, although this term can also apply to cooperating companies and their subsidiaries with varying degrees of shared ownership.

A parent company does not have to be the larger or "more powerful" entity; it is possible for the parent company to be smaller than a subsidiary, such as DanJaq, a closely held family company, which controls Eon Productions, the large corporation which manages the James Bond franchise. Conversely, the parent may be larger than some or all of its subsidiaries (if it has more than one), as the relationship is defined by control of ownership shares, not the number of employees.

The parent and the subsidiary do not necessarily have to operate in the same locations or operate the same businesses. Not only is it possible that they could conceivably be competitors in the marketplace, but such arrangements happen frequently at the end of a hostile takeover or voluntary merger. Also, because a parent company and a subsidiary are separate entities, it is entirely possible for one of them to be involved in legal proceedings, bankruptcy, tax delinquency, indictment or under investigation while the other is not.

Tiered subsidiaries
In descriptions of larger corporate structures, the terms "first-tier subsidiary", "second-tier subsidiary", "third-tier subsidiary", etc. most are often used to describe multiple levels of subsidiaries. A first-tier subsidiary means a subsidiary/daughter company of the ultimate parent company, while a second-tier subsidiary is a subsidiary of a first-tier subsidiary: a "granddaughter" of the main parent company. Consequently, a third-tier subsidiary is a subsidiary of a second-tier subsidiary—a "great-granddaughter" of the main parent company.

The ownership structure of the small British specialist company Ford Component Sales, which sells Ford components to specialist car manufacturers and OEM manufacturers, such as Morgan Motor Company and Caterham Cars, illustrates how multiple levels of subsidiaries are used in large corporations:
 Ford Motor Company – U.S. parent company based in Dearborn, Michigan
 Ford International Capital LLC – First-tier subsidiary (U.S. holding company located in Dearborn, Michigan, but registered in Delaware)
 Ford Technologies Limited – Second-tier subsidiary (British holding company, located at the Ford UK head office in Brentwood, Essex, with five employees)
 Ford Motor Company Limited – Third-tier subsidiary (the main British Ford company, with head office in Brentwood, with 10,500 employees)

Control

General

The word "control" and its derivatives (subsidiary and parent) may have different meanings in different contexts. These concepts may have different meanings in various areas of law (e.g. corporate law, competition law, capital markets law) or in accounting. For example, if Company A purchases shares in Company B, it is possible that the transaction is not subject to merger control (because Company A had been deemed to already control Company B before the share purchase, under competition law rules), but at the same time Company A may be required to start consolidating Company B into its financial statements under the relevant accounting rules (because it had been treated as a joint venture before the purchase for accounting purposes).

Control can be direct (e.g., an ultimate parent company controls the first-tier subsidiary directly) or indirect (e.g., an ultimate parent company controls second and lower tiers of subsidiaries indirectly, through first-tier subsidiaries).

European Union
Recital 31 of Directive 2013/34/EU stipulates that control should be based on holding a majority of voting rights, but control may also exist where there are agreements with fellow shareholders or members. In certain circumstances, control may be effectively exercised where the parent holds a minority or none of the shares in the subsidiary.

According to Article 22 of the directive 2013/34/EU an undertaking is a parent if it:
 has a majority of the shareholders' or members' voting rights in another undertaking (a subsidiary undertaking);
 has the right to appoint or remove a majority of the members of the administrative, management or supervisory body of another undertaking (a subsidiary undertaking) and is at the same time a shareholder in or member of that undertaking;
 has the right to exercise a dominant influence over an undertaking (a subsidiary undertaking) of which it is a shareholder or member, pursuant to a contract entered into with that undertaking or to a provision in its memorandum or articles of association, where the law governing that subsidiary undertaking permits its being subject to such contracts or provisions.
 is a shareholder in or member of an undertaking, and:
 a majority of the members of the administrative, management or supervisory bodies of that undertaking (a subsidiary undertaking) who have held office during the financial year, during the preceding financial year and up to the time when the consolidated financial statements are drawn up, have been appointed solely as a result of the exercise of its voting rights; or
 controls alone, pursuant to an agreement with other shareholders in or members of that undertaking (a subsidiary undertaking), a majority of shareholders' or members' voting rights in that undertaking.
Additionally, control may arise when:
 a parent undertaking has the power to exercise, or actually exercises, dominant influence or control over another undertaking (the subsidiary undertaking); or
 a parent undertaking and another undertaking (the subsidiary undertaking) are managed on a unified basis by the parent undertaking.

Under the international accounting standards adopted by the EU a company is deemed to control another company only if it has all the following:
 power over the other company;
 exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the other company; and
 the ability to use its power over the other company to affect the number of the company's returns (IFRS 10 para 7). Power generally arises when the parent has rights that give it the ability to direct the relevant activities, i.e. the activities that significantly affect the other subsidiary's returns.

A subsidiary can have only one parent; otherwise, the subsidiary is, in fact, a joint arrangement (joint operation or joint venture) over which two or more parties have joint control (IFRS 11 para 4). Joint control is the contractually agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, which exists only when decisions about the relevant activities require the unanimous consent of the parties sharing control.

United Kingdom
The Companies Act 2006 contains two definitions: one of "subsidiary" and the other "subsidiary undertaking".

According to s.1159 of the Act, a company is a "subsidiary" of another company, its "holding company", if that other company:
 holds a majority of the voting rights in it, or
 is a member of it and has the right to appoint or remove a majority of its board of directors, or
 is a member of it and controls alone, pursuant to an agreement with other members, a majority of the voting rights in it, or if it is a subsidiary of a company that is itself a subsidiary of that other company.

The second definition is broader. According to s.1162 of the Companies Act 2006, an undertaking is a parent undertaking in relation to another undertaking, a subsidiary undertaking, if:
 it holds a majority of the voting rights in the undertaking, or
 it is a member of the undertaking and has the right to appoint or remove a majority of its board of directors, or
 it has the right to exercise a dominant influence over the undertaking—
 by virtue of provisions contained in the undertaking's articles, or
 by virtue of a control contract, or
 it is a member of the undertaking and controls alone, pursuant to an agreement with other shareholders or members, a majority of the voting rights in the undertaking.

An undertaking is also a parent undertaking in relation to another undertaking, a subsidiary undertaking, if:
 it has the power to exercise, or actually exercises, dominant influence or control over it, or
 it and the subsidiary undertaking are managed on a unified basis.

The broader definition of "subsidiary undertaking" is applied to the accounting provisions of the Companies Act 2006, while the definition of "subsidiary" is used for general purposes.

Oceania
In Oceania, the accounting standards defined the circumstances in which one entity controls another. In doing so, they largely abandoned the legal control concepts in favour of a definition that provides that "control" is "the capacity of an entity to dominate decision-making, directly or indirectly, in relation to the financial and operating policies of another entity so as to enable that other entity to operate with it in pursuing the objectives of the controlling entity". This definition was adapted in the Australian Corporations Act 2001: s 50AA. Furthermore, it can be a useful part of the company that allows every head of the company to apply new projects and latest rules.

See also
 Chaebol
 Conglomerate
Keiretsu
 Zaibatsu
 Associate company
 Consolidation (business)
 Control premium
 Controlling interest
 Cooperative federation
 Division (business)
 Joint venture
 Enterprise value

 Equity method
 Good standing
 Goodwill (accounting)
 Mergers and acquisitions
 Minority interest
 Peren-Clement-Index

Notes

References

Legal entities
Business terms
Business models
Types of business entity

Subsidiary


Yvette Broch (født 23. december 1990 i Monster, Holland) er en hollandsk håndboldspiller som spiller for CSM București i Liga Naţională og tidligere Hollands kvindehåndboldlandshold. Derudover blev hun nr. 2 ved Holland's Next Topmodel i 2008.

Hun besluttede i august 2018, at stoppe hendes karriere på ubestemt tid, grundet udmattelse og træthed. I 2020 vendte hun tilbage til tophåndbolden og begyndte at træne med hendes tidligere franske klub i Metz. Hun skiftede til den rumænske storklub CSM București i sommeren 2021.

Meritter
Landshold
 VM i håndbold:
Sølv: 2015
Bronze: 2017
 EM i håndbold:
Sølv: 2016
Europæiske turneringer
EHF Champions League:
Vinder: 2017, 2018
Finalist: 2016
EHF Cup:
Finalist: 2013
Nationale ligaer
Nemzeti Bajnokság I
Vinder: 2016, 2017, 2018
Magyar Kupa
Vinder: 2016, 2018
Sølv: 2017
LFH Division 1 Féminine
Vinder: 2013, 2014
Sølv: 2015
Coupe de France
Vinder: 2013

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Håndboldspillere fra Nederlandene
Håndboldspillere fra Győri Audi ETO KC
Håndboldspillere fra Metz Handball
Håndboldspillere fra CSM București (kvindehåndbold)

Yvette Broch


Euplio o Euplo (f. Catania, 12 de agosto de 304), venerado como mártir y santo por la iglesia católica. Junto a Santa Ágata, es el patrón de Catania en Sicilia. Su festividad se celebra el 12 de agosto.

Biografía

El manuscrito la Pasión de San Euplio dice que fue un diácono y que fue arrestado por tener en su posesión una copia de la Biblia durante las persecuciones de los cristianos bajo el gobierno de Diocleciano. Fue llevado a la presencia del gobernador de la ciudad, Calvinianus (Calviniano), que le pidió al santo leer algunos extractos del libro. Después fue torturado y decapitado.

Veneración

Es patrón de Francavilla di Sicilia y Trevico. Las ruinas de la antigua iglesia de San Euplio están localizados en Catania cerca de la Piazza Stesicoro. Este lugar urbano coincide con el lugar donde se supone que se produjo el martirio del santo. Su festividad es el 12 de agosto.

Enlaces externos
 Catholic Online: San Euplio
 Sant' Euplo (Euplio) di Catania
 Trevico –Le reliquie di Sant'Euplio al centro del turismo religioso

Santos de Italia
Santos católicos
Mártires cristianos de la Antigua Roma del siglo IV
Santos cristianos de la Antigua Roma del siglo IV
Nacidos en Catania
Fallecidos en Catania

Euplo de Catania


Trosbyfjorden er en fjord der ligger  helt mod syd i Bamble kommune i Vestfold og Telemark   fylke i Norge. Den er lidt over 2 km fra indløbet mellem Kjønnøya og Rødlandet på fastlandet ind til Trosby.

Ifølge et gammelt sagn, skal området ved Trosby have været beboet af et innvandret folkeslag fra Sortehavs-området.

I den vestlige del af fjorden ligger Sandvika og Sekkekilen. Her lå en havn, som formentlig var hjemsted for norske  kaperskibe (sørøvere)  under napoleonskrigene i begyndelsen af 1800-talet. På denne tid var Danmark-Norge allieret med Frankrig og svenske og britiske skibe havde dannet blokader langs norskekysten. Rige familier finansierede da bygning af norske kaperskibe for at angribe  svenske og britiske handelsskibe i Skagerrak og Nordsøen. Havnen i Trosbyfjorden havde træstokke under vandoverfladen for at hindre fjendtlige skibe i nå ind i fjorden.

Trosbyfjorden  har gode  og og  mangfoldige fiskerressourcer.

Kilder og henvisninger

Fjorde i Vestfold og Telemark
Bamble

Trosbyfjorden


Serge Klarsfeld (born 17 September 1935) is a Romanian-born French activist and Nazi hunter known for documenting the Holocaust in order to establish the record and to enable the prosecution of war criminals. Since the 1960s, he has made notable efforts to commemorate the Jewish victims of German-occupied France and has been a supporter of Israel.

Early years
Serge Klarsfeld was born in Bucharest into a family of Romanian Jews that migrated to France before the Second World War began. In 1943, his father was arrested by the SS in Nice during a roundup ordered by Alois Brunner. Deported to the Auschwitz concentration camp, Klarsfeld's father died there.

The young Serge was cared for in a home for Jewish children operated by the Œuvre de secours aux enfants, a French Jewish humanitarian organisation. His mother and sister also survived the war in Vichy France and were helped by the underground French Resistance beginning in late 1943.

Life
He helped found and has led the Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France (Association des fils et filles des déportés juifs de France) or FFDJF. It is one of the groups that has documented cases and located former German and French officials for prosecution such as Klaus Barbie, René Bousquet, Jean Leguay, Maurice Papon and Paul Touvier, who had been implicated in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of French and foreign Jews during the Second World War. The Klarsfelds were among organised groups who filed cases decades after the war, sometimes as late as the 1990s, against such officials for crimes against humanity.

In the years before 1989 and the break-up of the Soviet Union, the Klarsfelds (Serge Klarsfeld and his wife Beate) frequently protested against the Eastern Bloc's support for the PLO and anti-Zionism.

Recognition for their work has included France's Legion of Honour in 1984.  In 1986, their story was adapted as an American television film starring Tom Conti, Farrah Fawcett and Geraldine Page. In 2008, a French television movie was made about them.

On 1 January 2014, the Klarsfelds' Legion of Honour ranks were upgraded: Serge became Grand officier.

On 26 October 2015, the UNESCO designated the Klarsfelds as "Honorary Ambassadors and Special Envoys for Education about the Holocaust and the Prevention of Genocide".

Marriage and family
Serge married Beate Künzel in 1963 and settled in Paris. Their son,  (born 1965), became a human rights attorney and worked for Nicolas Sarkozy while he was minister of the interior.

Activism

Early activism
In 2012 the archivist of the Stasi revealed that Beate Klarsfeld's attack on German Chancellor Kurt Georg Kiesinger by publicly slapping him on 7 November 1968  was carried out in agreement with and the support of the government of East Germany, which was conducting a campaign against West German politicians (see Braunbuch). Beate Klarsfeld was paid 2,000 DM by the Stasi for her actions. Both Serge and Beate Klarsfeld were revealed to have been regular Stasi contacts. According to the State Commissioner for the Stasi Archives of Saxony, they cooperated with the Stasi in the 1960s in blackmailing West German politicians for Second World War activities.

In 1974, Serge and Beate Klarsfeld were both convicted in West Germany on felony charges of attempted kidnapping of Kurt Lischka, a former Gestapo chief whose prosecution in Germany was prevented by legal technicalities, in Cologne in order to transport him to France for prosecution. After conviction of felony charges, they were each sentenced to two months in prison. Following international protests, the sentence was suspended. Activism by the Klarsfelds and by descendants of Lischka's victims eventually resulted in changes to the laws. In 1980, Lischka was convicted of a felony in West Germany and sentenced to prison.

Attack on the Klarsfelds
The Klarsfelds' activities and methods generated controversy. On 9 July 1979, the Klarsfelds were the targets of a car bombing at their home in France. No one was in the car when the bomb detonated, and no one was injured in the vicinity of the blast. Individuals purporting to represent the Nazi ODESSA claimed responsibility for the attack.

Later activism
They are notable in the postwar decades for having been involved in hunting and finding German Nazis and French Vichy officials responsible for the worst abuses of the Holocaust, in order to prosecute them for alleged war crimes. Several officials were indicted due in part to the work of the Klarsfelds; they included the following, with the years of their convictions or deaths in brackets:
Klaus Barbie (1987)
René Bousquet (1993)
Jean Leguay (1989)
Maurice Papon (1998)
Paul Touvier (1994)

In the 1970s the Klarsfelds considered kidnapping Barbie in much the same way the Mossad did Eichmann but the plan fell through. They decided instead to bring international pressure to force his extradition.

By 1995, only four senior French Vichy officials had been indicted for war crimes, and by that year, only Paul Touvier had stood trial. Like Touvier, the former Vichy official Maurice Papon was convicted of war crimes in 1998.

The Klarsfelds continued to publicize the wartime activities of prominent politicians in Germany and Austria. In 1986 the Klarsfelds campaigned against former United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim, who was elected President of Austria amid allegations that he had covered up his wartime activities as an officer in the Wehrmacht.

In 1996, during the warfare in the former Yugoslavia, the Klarsfelds joined the outcry against Radovan Karadžić and Ratko Mladić for alleged war crimes and genocide of Bosnian Muslims.

In December 2009, Serge Klarsfeld defied an existing consensus within the Jewish community by saying that the beatification of Pope Pius XII was an internal matter of the Church. He said that Jews should not get too involved in the process. Many protested the beatification on the grounds that Pius XII had contributed to the persecution of Jews throughout Europe, and had not brought the power of the church against the Nazis.

Activism in France
In France in 1979 the Klarsfelds created l'Association des fils et filles des déportés juifs de France (Association of the sons and daughters of Jews deported from France) or FFDJF. It defends the cause of the descendants of deportees, to have the events recognised and to prosecute people responsible. In 1981, the association commissioned a memorial in Israel to the deported French Jews; it bears the name, date and place of birth of 80,000 French victims of the Nazi extermination. About 80,000 trees were planted to shape a forest of remembrance. Serge Klarsfeld is also vice-president of the Fondation pour la Mémoire de la Shoah.

In 1989 FFDJF was one of the groups to file a case against René Bousquet, head of the French Police in the Vichy government, for crimes against humanity. He was indicted by the French government in 1991, but killed in 1993 shortly before his trial was to begin.

The Klarsfelds' work on behalf of the descendants of Jewish deportees was formally recognised by President Jacques Chirac in a 1995 speech. He acknowledged the nation's responsibility for the fate of Jews in its territory during the Second World War. The government passed a law on 13 July 2000 to establish compensation for orphans whose parents were victims of anti-Semitic persecution.

On 7 July 2010, Serge Klarsfeld was awarded the title of commandeur de la Légion d'honneur by Prime Minister François Fillon at Hôtel Matignon, the official residence of France's Prime Minister.

In January 2012, the Klarsfelds, along with prominent French-Armenian singer Charles Aznavour, director Robert Guédiguian, and philosophers Bernard-Henri Lévy and Michel Onfray, signed an appeal to the French Parliament to ratify a bill to establish penalties for people who deny the Armenian genocide.

In July 2018, the Klarsfelds were profiled at length on CNN, which noted their swing away from Nazi hunting to a more-general push for social justice in opposition to the modern right. Today, they fight for human life, freedom, and social protection.

Works
In 1978, Serge Klarsfeld published Mémorial de la Déportation des Juifs de France (Memorial of the Deportation of the Jews of France), a book listing the names of more than 80,000 Jews deported from France to concentration camps or killed in France. Copies of the original lists that were typed up for each deportation train, found by the Klarsfelds in an archive of the Jewish community in Paris, were the basis for the name, place, date of birth and nationality of all deportees, who were listed according to each deportation train. The book records more than 75,700 Jews who were deported to the concentration camps from France and establishes that just 2,564 of the deportees survived the war. Most of the deportees were sent from the transit camp at Drancy, ranging in age from newly born to 93 and originating from 37 countries, the most from France (22,193) and Poland (14,459), with a small number from the United States (10) and even one from Tahiti. In 2012, Klarsfeld published an updated version of the Memorial, adding women's maiden names, deportees last address in France and the transit or internment camp they went through. This list is sorted in alphabetic order. From 2018, this memorial is also available as an online search engine.

Serge Klarsfeld wrote a preface to Une adolescence perdue dans la nuit des camps by Henri Kichka.

Serge Klarsfeld and his wife Beate co-wrote an autobiography, Hunting the Truth: Memoirs of Beate and Serge Klarsfeld, published in 2018.

Cooperation with the Stasi
Since the reunification of Germany and the opening of Stasi files, in 2012 Lutz Rathenow, the State Commissioner for the Stasi Archives of Saxony, has stated that Beate Klarsfeld cooperated with the Stasi of East Germany in the 1960s. They gave her material containing incriminating information about the wartime activities of West German politicians. The cooperation of both Beate and Serge Klarsfeld with the Stasi and their status as contacts was also documented in a new book by former Stasi officers, Günter Bohnsack and Herbert Brehmer.

Later years in Germany
In May 2015, Beate Klarsfeld and her husband Serge received the German Federal Cross of Merit, in recognition of their efforts to bring Nazi war criminals to justice.

Honours
 2014: Grand Officer of the Legion of Honour
 2015: Officer of the Order of Saint-Charles, Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, first class.

Representation in other media
The Klarsfelds' activities related to finding Nazi war criminals were the subject of Nazi Hunter: The Beate Klarsfeld Story (1986), an American made-for-TV film.
The documentary La traque des nazis, (2007) studied Simon Wiesenthal's and the Klarsfelds' activities.
The 2008 drama  (La traque) was a French made-for-TV film, written by Alexandra Deman and Laurent Jaoui and directed by Laurent Jaoui, based on the Klarsfelds.
The 2001 documentary Marlene Dietrich: Her Own Song, a Turner Classic Movies Production about Dietrich mentions her support of Klarsfeld's anti-Nazi activities.

See also
 Michel Thomas
 Efraim Zuroff

Notes

Bibliography of works in English
The Children of Izieu: A Human Tragedy. New York: Harry N. Abrams Publishers, 1985.  Translation of Les enfants d'Izieu (1985)
French Children of the Holocaust: A Memorial. New York: New York University Press, 1996.  Translation of Le mémorial des enfants juifs déportés de France (1995)

External links

The Klarsfeld Foundation (biographies and chronology of activities)

1986 film

2008 film

Romanian emigrants to France
Romanian Jews
Living people
People from Bucharest
Married couples
Nazi hunters
Commanders of the Legion of Honour
The Left (Germany) politicians
21st-century German politicians
1935 births
Historians of the Holocaust
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People of the Stasi
Jewish anti-fascists
Jewish socialists

Serge Klarsfeld


Landgrev Herman 4. af Hessen-Rotenburg (; 15. august 1607 – 25. marts 1658) var den første landgreve af det delvist uafhængige landgrevskab Hessen-Rotenburg fra 1627 til sin død i 1658.

Han var en yngre søn af Landgreve Moritz af Hessen-Kassel i hans andet ægteskab med Juliane af Nassau-Dillenburg. Ved arvedelingen efter faderens død i 1627 modtog han et mindre område af faderens besiddelser, og opslog sin residens i Rotenburg. Herman døde uden arvinger i 1658 og Hessen-Rotenburg tilfaldt broderen Ernst.

Huset Hessen
Landgrever af Hessen-Rotenburg
Personer fra Kassel

Herman 4. af Hessen-Rotenburg


Osini (sardisk: Osìni) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Nuoro i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 645 meters højde og har 789 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 39,81 km² og grænser til kommunerne Cardedu, Gairo, Jerzu, Lanusei, Loceri, Tertenia, Ulassai og Ussassai.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Nuoro

Osini


Alyam Alyam es una película del año 1978.

Sinopsis
Después de la muerte de su padre, el joven Abdelwahad debe desempeñar el papel de jefe de familia. Su presencia es crucial para la unidad familiar, más aún porque el joven debe alimentar a sus siete hermanos. Su madre Hlima, mujer de fuerza y carácter ejemplares, asume también su posición. Intenta disuadir a Abdelwahad cuando este le expresa su deseo de ir a trabajar a Francia. Ya no soporta la vida de los jóvenes de su edad en el medio rural. Rechaza la miseria y la ausencia de futuro, y comienza a hacer las gestiones necesarias para la obtención de un permiso de trabajo en Francia.

Premios
 Mannheim-Heidelberg 1978
 Taormina 1978
 FESPACO 1979
 CICAE
 Cartago
 Damasco
 FIFEF

Referencias

Alyam Alyam


Frank Margerin (n. el 9 de enero de 1952 en París) es un historietista francés ganador del Gran Premio de la Ciudad de Angulema, conocido por sus historietas incluidas en la revista francesa Métal hurlant.

Biografía
Después de completar sus estudios secundarios, Margerin ingresó en una escuela de artes aplicadas, donde conoció a Denis Sire. Se unió a la banda de Denis, Los Crados, como baterista. La banda más tarde se convertiría en Dennis' Twist.

En 1975, cuando buscaba trabajo en el ámbito editorial, conoció a Jean-Pierre Dionnet, quien le encargó su primera tira de prensa: una historia paródica de ciencia ficción, titulada Simone et Léon, para la revista Métal Hurlant. Más tarde ilustró y escribió el guion de muchas otras historias para la revista. En 1978 publicó su primera colección de historietas, Frank Margerin présente, que incluyó sus primeras obras para Métal Hurlant. Estas primeras historias tenían elementos relacionados con la ciencia ficción, para estar acordes con la temática general de Métal Hurlant. Después de Simone et Léon, escribió e ilustró varias historietas para Rigolo, una revista que estuvo poco tiempo en circulación. En 1980, ganó su primer premio en el festival de Lucca.

En 1979, creó al que sería su personaje más famoso, Lucien, un roquero de Malakoff con un peinado pompadour, que forma un cono delante de su cara. Al principio, el personaje aparecía como un amigo de Ricky, otro roquero, pero finalmente se convirtió en el protagonista de la historieta. A través de los dos personajes, Margerin describía de manera cómica la vida de los roqueros suburbanos en Francia a finales de la década de 1970 y principios de la década de 1980. Bananes métalliques, uno de los álbumes de Lucien, fue un éxito comercial en 1982 y vendió más de 100 000 libros. Otros personajes creados por Margerin incluyen a Albert y Mauricette, creados en 1982, y a Skoup y Max Flash, dos periodistas creados en colaboración con Phil Casoar en 1984.

En 1989, Les Humanoïdes Associés publicó una serie de libros de historietas titulada Frank Margerin présente... También creó Y'a plus de jeunesse para Albin Michel y trabajó en una serie animada de televisión, Manu, emitida en Antenne 2 en 1990. Manu fue adaptado en tres comic books, con la colaboración de Altheau.

En 1992, Margerin recibió el Gran Premio de la Ciudad de Angulema en el Festival Internacional de la Historieta de Angulema. Como ganador, fue presidente del jurado del festival al año siguiente, cuando se celebró su vigésima edición.

Obras

 Lucien (Les Humanoïdes Associés) :
 1981 - Tome 1. Votez Rocky,  ISBN 2-7316-0125-6
 1982 - Tome 2. Bananes Métalliques, ISBN 2-7316-1317-3
 1982 - Tome 3. Radio Lucien, ISBN 2-7316-1318-1
 1985 - Tome 4. Chez Lucien,  ISBN 2-7316-1319-X
 1989 - Tome 5. Lucien se met au vert, ISBN 2-7316-0728-9
 1987 - Tome 6. Lulu s'maque, ISBN 2-7316-0438-7
 1998 - Tome 7. Ricky chez les Ricains, ISBN 2-7316-1271-1
2000 - Tome 8. Week-end motard, ISBN 2-7316-1391-2
Lucien, Le retour  ISBN 2-7316-1125-1
Lucien, 25 piges ISBN 2-7316-1607-5
1983 - Kosmik Komiks
Ricky
1984 Ricky VII, ISBN 2-277-33140-6
1987 Ricky Banlieue, ISBN 2-7316-0367-4
1985 - Un Enfoiré et quelques connards, seguido por Un gnon et quelques bosses (Crapule y Le Seuil)
1986 - La Bande à Renaud (Delcourt): colectivo
1986 - Félix et le bus (UTP) : ilustrador
1989 - Y'a plus de jeunesse (Éditions Albin Michel) ISBN 2-226-03575-3
Manu (Les Humanoïdes Associés):
1990 - Tome 1. L'Insupportable Manu, ISBN 2-7316-0772-6
1991 - Tome 2. L'Abominable Manu, ISBN 2-7316-1011-5
1994 - Tome 3. Le Danger public, ISBN 2-7316-1040-9
1992 - Le Guide du surf (La Sirène): ilustrador
Frank Margerin Présente (Les Humanoïdes Associés):
1998 - Tome 1. Alerte aux Envahisseurs, ISBN 2-7316-1313-0
1998 - Tome 2. Tranches de Brie, ISBN 2-7316-0368-2
1998 - Tome 3. Tutti Frutti, ISBN 2-7316-1315-7
1998 - Tome 4. Tirage de tête
Tome 1 - La fête,  ISBN 2-7316-0701-7
Tome 2 - La télé,  ISBN 2-7316-0725-4
Tome 3 - Toutous et matous, ISBN 2-7316-0759-9
Tome 4 - Frank Margerin, ISBN 2-7316-0759-9
2006 - Shirley et Dino, ISBN 2-7316-1882-5
2001 - Paroles de taule (Delcourt): colectivo, ISBN 2-84055-782-7
Momo le coursier (Éditions Albin Michel)
2002 Tome 1 : ISBN 2-226-13229-5
2003 Tome 2 : Momo roule toujours, ISBN 2-226-14787-X
2005 Tome 3 : Le grand saut, ISBN 2-226-16673-4

Bibliografía

Jans/Douvry/Tisseron, Margerin, une monographie, Éditions Mosquito, Relié, 2000.

Notas y referencias

Enlaces externos

Bibliografía y biografía en Bdparadisio.com (en francés)
Frank Margerin: sa vie, son œuvre (en francés)

Historietistas de Francia
Nacidos en París

Frank Margerin


An Cycnoches haagii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni João Barbosa Rodrigues. An Cycnoches haagii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cycnoches, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cycnoches

Cycnoches haagii


الكتلة الكيبيكية  هي حزب سياسي اتحادي كندي. تعرّف الكتلة نفسها بأنها مكرِّسة لحماية والدفاع عن مصالح مدينة كيبك على المستوى الاتحادي، وكذلك تشجع فكرة انفصال مقاطعة عن كندا. لذلك لا تقوم بأي حملات انتخابية إلا في كيبيك.

وللكتلة قاعدة شعبية عريضة في الكيبيك تشمل الطبقات العاملة التابعة الإتحادات العمالية والقرويين المحافظين في المناطق النائية في المقاطعة. يسمى نشطاء الكتلة بـ«بلوكيست» . أما الحزب نفسه فيسمى «بي كو» (BQ) بينما الكنديون الناطقون بالإنكليزية فيسمونه بـ«ذا بلوك» .

الكتلة تعد من الأحزاب الأساسية القليلة في الغرب التي تشكل حركة انفصالية عن الحكومات المركزية. وتعد الكتلة حالياً ثالث أكبر حزب في مجلس العموم الكندي. ولها علاقة مع الحزب الكيبيكي (يسمى بيكيست ) الذي يعمل على مستوى المقاطعة وبرلمانها ويطالب بالاستقلال، لكن لا يوجد أي علاقة تنظيمية بين الحركتين.

نتائج الانتخابات
الجدول التالي يبين نتائج كتلة الكيبيك في الانتخابات الفدرالية الكندية منذ العام 1993

وصلات خارجية
  Bloc Québécois website
  Publications in English on the website
  Report on the actions of the Bloc
  2004 election platform
  Summary of the 2004 election platform
  Text of the 1995 tripartite agreement
  SRC dossier on the constitutional saga

انظر أيضا
 حركة سيادة كيبك
 أيديولوجية كيبك الفيدرالية

مراجع

أحزاب الأقليات
أحزاب جمهورية
أحزاب سياسية أسست في 1991
أحزاب سياسية قومية يسارية
أحزاب عمالية في كندا
أحزاب كندا
أحزاب مؤيدة للاستقلال
تأسيسات سنة 1991 في كيبك
تقدمية في كندا
جمهورياتية في كندا
قومية كيبيك
منظمات انفصالية في كندا
منظمات مقرها في مونتريال

الكتلة الكيبيكية


An Arundinella pilaxilis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Bi Sin Sun ngan Zhi Hao Hu. An Arundinella pilaxilis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Arundinella, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Arundinella

Arundinella pilaxilis


2013 අළුබඳුන තරගමාලාව යනු,  එංගලන්තය සහ ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාව අතර  අළු බඳුන සඳහා තරග වැදුනු ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් තරග මාලාවකි.

ආශ්‍රිත

2013 අළුබඳුන තරගමාලාව


تيفال  هي شركة فرنسية لتصنيع أدوات الطهي والأجهزة المنزلية مملوكة لمجموعة أس إي بي قروب أكبر مصنع في العالم لأدوات الطهي. اسمها عبارة عن أول أحرف لكلمة تيفلون (بالإنجليزية:Teflon) والألومنيوم (بالإنجليزية:aluminum). تشتهر الشركة بإنشاء فئة أواني الطهي «الغير لاصقة»، وبتقديمها لمعدات القلي التي لاتحتاج لكثير من الزيت والدهون. في بعض البلدان مثل الولايات المتحدة، يتم تسويق تيفال أيضًا باسم «تي-فال». تقوم تيفال أيضًا بتصنيع منتجات العناية بالملابس مثل مكواة البخار، وأجهزة بخار الملابس. في عام 2015، أصدرت الشركة منتج باسم «تيفال كويزين كومبنيان»، وهي آلة توفر للمستخدمين طرق طهي متعددة في جهاز مطبخ واحد. في المملكة المتحدة، تملك الشركة علامة كوك وير التجارية. يتم استخدام العلامة التجارية حاليًا بموجب ترخيص. باتباع أيديولوجيتها لتوسيع قاعدة عملائها العالمية، دخلت السوق الهندية في مايو 2014، من خلال الاستحواذ على واحدة من أكبر العلامات التجارية المنزلية الاستهلاكية في الهند وهي ماهارجا وايت لاين.

المنتجات

للشركة الكثير من المنتجات المنزلية والكهربائية، ولكن اشتهرت الشركة بأواني الطبخ المنزلية مثل القدور العادية، قدور الضغط، السكاكين، المغارف، حافظات الطعام وغيرها الكثير، لكن اشتهرت الشركة خاصةً بمقالي الطبخ لأنها ذات جودة عالية وهي من النوع التي لا تحتاج إلى الكثير من الزيت ولا يلتصق بها الطعام. تصنع الشركة أيضًا الأجهزة الكهربائية للمنزل والمطبخ، تصنع الشركة غلايات المياه، آلات الشوي، قدور طبخ الأرز الكهربائية، مكواة البخار، أجهزة تبخير الملابس وغيرها الكثير، لكن اشتهرت الشركة بالقلايات الهوائية والتي تعمل بدون الزيت، وتعمل عن طريق تدوير بخار الماء الحار الذي تصل درجة حرارته إلى 200 درجة سيليزية حول الطعام.

إيكوديزاين

بدأت تيفال في 2010 بزيادة الاهتمام بالبيئة، بناءً على ذلك، أطلقت الشركة مجموعة من أواني الطبخ باسم ناتورا والتي هي مصنوعة من الألمنيوم المعاد تدويره 100% ومجموعة إنجوي المصنوعة من مواد تم إعادة تدويرها بنسبة 95%. إلى اليوم تهتم تيفال بصناعة الأواني المنزلية بالألمنيوم المعاد تدويره.

للألمنيوم المعاد تدويره أهميات كبيرة منها:

 توفير الطاقة لأن إنتاجه يوفر طاقة بنسبة 95% عكس الألمنيوم التقليدي
 الحفاظ على مخزون الألمنيوم في العالم فإن تدوير طن واحد سيوفر إنتاج 4 أطنان من البوكسيت فيتم الحفاظ على موارد الأرض ويقل تلوث التربة عن طريق دفن المخلفات الصلبة

التصنيع

تقع منشأة التصنيع الخاصة بتيفال في مدينة روميلي في فرنسا، تنتج الشركة كل عام 45 مليون قطعة مع الحفاظ على شروط المحافظة على البيئة.

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1956 في فرنسا
شركات تصنيع أسست في 1956
شركات تصنيع فرنسية
شركات فرنسية
علامات تجارية فرنسية
شركات مقرها في أوفيرني-رون ألب
شركات فرنسية أسست في 1956

تيفال


Un objectif superachromate ou superachromatique est un ensemble optique de lentilles dont le but est de réduire au maximum l'aberration chromatique. Si un doublet achromatique est capable de faire coïncider la mise au point dans le plan focal pour deux couleurs (c'est-à-dire deux longueurs d'onde), et un triplet apochromatique permet de mettre au point sur trois couleurs, un superachromate peut faire la mise au point sur quatre couleurs. Il fut inventé par le mathématicien et physicien allemand Maximilian Herzberger en 1954.

Mathématiquement, la courbe d'erreur de mise au point en fonction de la couleur traversant un superachromate est une quartique, ce qui signifie que l'erreur de mise au point est nulle pour quatre longueurs d'onde distinctes. Cette correction presque parfaite de l'aberration chromatique (ainsi que de l'aberration sphérique) est très utile en photographie multispectrale, car un superachromate peut focaliser la lumière proche infrarouge (dans la bande de longueur d'onde de 0,7 à 1,0 micromètre) dans le même plan focal que la lumière visible, éliminant ainsi le besoin de mises au point multiples. Malheureusement, en raison du choix limité de verres optiques et de leurs propriétés de dispersion partielle, les lentilles d'un objectif superachromate doivent être fabriqués avec des verres fluorés coûteux et avec des tolérances très faibles.

Références

Liens externes
Herzberger, M. et N. McClure, The design of superachromatic lenses, Appl. Opter. 2, p. 553-560 (juin 1963).
 N. vd W. Lessing, Selection of optical glasses in superachromats, Appl. Opter. 9, 1665-1669 (1970).
 Télé-Superachromat T* 5,6/350 CFE

Objectif photographique

Objectif superachromate


Sofia Eriksdatter af Danmark (født 1241 - død 1286) var Sveriges dronning fra 1260 til 1275 gennem sit ægteskab med kong Valdemar Birgersson af Sverige. Hun var datter af kong Erik Plovpenning af Danmark og dermed dansk prinsesse og svigerdatter til Birger Jarl. Hendes fødenavn var Sofie, men hun er kendt under den svenske form Sofia.

Barndom
Prinsesse Sofies far Erik Plovpenning blev myrdet i 1250.

Dronning af Sverige
Hun blev trolovet med den svenske konge Valdemar Birgersson for at styrke forbindelsen mellem de to riger. Da hun fik meddelelsen om det arrangerede ægteskab, gik hun ind i sit kammer og bad til Maria: "Giv mig lykke med ham og ham med mig". De giftede sig 1260 i Jönköping (i Ödeshög eller efter Erikskrøniken  Ymninge).

Dronning Sofia beskrives som en kvik, temperamentsfuld og magtlysten skønhed med en hvas tunge, og der findes mange af  hendes skarpe replikker bevaret Hun kaldte ægtefællens brødre "Magnus Kittlarbøter", "kedelflikker", hvilket ansås som en fornærmelse, og "Erik ingen". Hun var kendt for sin interesse for skak. I 1269 besøgte hun sin fars grav og sine søstre Agnes og Jytta, der var i kloster i Danmark. I 1272 kom Jytta til Sverige og fik et barn med Valdemar året efter. Det gjorde, at kongen måtte gøre en pilgrimsfærd til Rom i 1274. "Ve mig. Den sorg overvinder jeg aldrig. Ve mig, at min søster nogensinde så Sveriges rige", skal hun have sagt. Da han afsattes efter slaget ved Hova i 1275 befandt de sig i Ramundeboda kloster i Närke; han sov, mens hun siges at have fået nyheden, mens hun spillede skak.

I 1277 vendte hun tilbage til Danmark; ægtefællen var begyndt at leve åbent med sine elskerinder og kritiseredes af biskopperne for at have forskudt hende. I 1283 skænkede eksdronningen sit laksefiskeri i Norrköping til Skt. Martins kloster i Skänninge og det er i hendes donationsbrev, at stednavnet Norrköping findes på skrift for første gang: Norkøponge.

Børn
 Ingeborg (1263 - 1292), gift med Gerhard II af Holsten
 Erik (1272 - 1330)
 Marina, gift med greve Rudolf von Diepholz
 Rikissa (død cirka 1292), gift med Przemyslaw II af Polen
 Katarina (- 1283)
 Margareta, nonne

Litteratur
 Åke Ohlmarks: Alla Sveriges drottningar
 Christer Öhman: Helgon, bönder och krigare. Berättelser ur den svenska historien; Värnamo 1994;

Eksterne henvisninger
 http://sok.riksarkivet.se/SBL/Presentation.aspx?id=6154

Personer i 1200-tallet
Dronninger af Sverige
Prinsesser fra Danmark

Sofia Eriksdatter af Danmark


Paul Gabriel Texier (* 28. April 1889 in Paris; † 29. Februar 1972 in Paris) war ein französischer Radrennfahrer.

1908, bei den Olympischen Spielen in London, startete Paul Texier in fünf verschiedenen Rennen auf der Bahn; im 100-Kilometer-Rennen hinter motorisierten Schrittmachern erzielte er sein bestes Ergebnis und wurde Fünfter. Bei den UCI-Bahn-Weltmeisterschaften 1910 in Brüssel wurde er Dritter im Sprint der Amateure, sorgte allerdings für einen Eklat: Er hielt den deutschen Fahrer Karl Neumer fest, um so den Sieg des Briten William Bailey zu ermöglichen. Daraufhin erklärten die deutschen Vertreter, an keinem Rennen mehr teilzunehmen, bevor diese Angelegenheit nicht zufriedenstellend geklärt sei. Zwar wurde Bailey letztlich zum Sieger und Texier zum Dritten erklärt, aber er wurde mit einer anschließenden dreimonatigen Sperre belegt.

1909 und 1910 belegte Texier jeweils den zweiten Platz beim Grand Prix de Paris. Anschließend wurde er Profi und belegte 1922 jeweils den dritten Platz bei der französischen Sprintmeisterschaft sowie beim Grand Prix d'Angers. 1927 trat er vom Radsport zurück.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Radsportler (Frankreich)
Olympiateilnehmer (Frankreich)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1908
Franzose
Geboren 1889
Gestorben 1972
Mann

Paul Texier


Podsavezna liga Koprivnica, također i kao Prvenstvo Koprivničkog nogometnog podsaveza je bila liga četvrtog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1961./62.  Sudjelovalo je 12 klubova, a prvak je bila momčad "Vrbovca".

Ljestvica

Rezultatska križaljka

 Izvori:

Unutarnje poveznice
 III. B zona Prvenstva Hrvatske 1961./62.
 Podsavezna liga Čakovec 1961./62.
 Podsavezna liga Varaždin 1961./62.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 Godišnjak FSJ 1961-62, Beograd, 1962., ISSN: 0351-2894, str. 200
 Mladen Levak, Kristina Poljičak: Nogometni klub "Osvit" Đelekovec : 1923. – 2013. : 90 godina Nogometnog kluba "Osvit" i igranja nogometa u Đelekovcu , Đelekovec, 2014.,  (Vendi), str. 108-109
 library.foi.hr, "Glas Podravine", 1961. godina
 library.foi.hr, "Glas Podravine", 1962. godina

1961-62 Koprivnica
Koprivnica
1961-62 Koprivnica

Podsavezna nogometna liga Koprivnica 1961./62.


Skyline Acres é um lugar designado pelo censo localizado no condado de Hamilton no estado estadounidense de Ohio. No Censo de 2010 tinha uma população de 1.717 habitantes e uma densidade populacional de 1.009,04 pessoas por km².

Geografia
Skyline Acres encontra-se localizado nas coordenadas . Segundo o Departamento do Censo dos Estados Unidos, Skyline Acres tem uma superfície total de 1.7 km², da qual 1.7 km² correspondem a terra firme e (0%) 0 km² é água.

Demografia
Segundo o censo de 2010, tinha 1.717 habitantes residindo em Skyline Acres. A densidade populacional era de 1.009,04 hab./km². Dos 1.717 habitantes, Skyline Acres estava composto pelo 15.2% brancos, 81.54% eram afroamericanos, 0.17% eram amerindios, 0.29% eram asiáticos, 0.06% eram insulares do Pacífico, 0% eram de outras raças e o 2.74% pertenciam a duas ou mais raças. Do total da população 0.41% eram hispanos ou latinos de qualquer raça.

Referências

Ligações externas

Regiões censitárias do Ohio
Localidades do condado de Hamilton (Ohio)

Skyline Acres (Ohio)


شيماء جناحي (31 مارس 1989  -)، ممثلة بحرينية. بدأت العمل الفني عام 2005 بمشاركتها في مسلسل عذاري مع زينب العسكري.

أعمالها

من المسلسلات
 عذاري.
 خوش سفرة.
 الساكنات في قلوبنا.
 هديل الليل.
 متلف الروح.
 ملف علاقي.
 سماء ثانية.
 أكون أو لا.

من المسرحيات
 الأميرة والبطل سام.
 سندريلا وطيور الغابة.
 يمكن أي يمكن لا.

من الأفلام
 حكاية بحرينية.
 اربع بنات.
 الأمس - فيلم قصير.

روابط خارجية

المراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
مواليد 1409 هـ
مواليد 1989
ممثلات تلفزيون بحرينيات
ممثلات مسرح بحرينيات
ممثلات أفلام بحرينيات

شيماء جناحي


Koreas Grand Prix var et Formel 1-løb som fra  til  blev arrangeret på banen Korea International Circuit, som ligger i Yeongam i provinsen Sydjeolla i Sydkorea.

Vindere af Koreas Grand Prix

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officielle hjemmeside

Koreas Grand Prix


Als Meteor-Klasse werden mehrere Schiffsklassen bezeichnet:

 eine Klasse von Torpedokanonenbooten der Österreichischen Marine, siehe Meteor-Klasse (1887)
 eine Klasse von Avisos der Kaiserlichen Marine, siehe Meteor-Klasse (1891)

Meteor-Klasse


Northumberland National Park er en nationalpark i England med et areal på lidt over 1030 km² ved grænsen til Skotland. Hele parken ligger i grevskabet Northumberland, og dækker omkring en fjerdedel af det. Med under 3000 fastboende og lidt over en million besøgende om året er den en af de tyndest befolkede og mindst besøgte nationalparker i Storbritannien. Parkens officielle symbol er en Storspove.

Det er flere forskelligartede områder i parken. I nord ligger Cheviots, en bjergkæde som markerer grænsen mellem England og Skotland. Længere mod syd er der et mere plant moselandskab. En del af dette er beplantet, og plantagene danner tilsammen Kielderskoven. Den sydligste del af parken inkluderer den midterste del af Hadrians mur.

Der er en række arkæologiske findesteder i parken, blandt andet med forhistoriske monumenter og romerske fund.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

 Websted for Northumberland National Park Authority
 Homepage for Northumberland National Park Mountain Rescue Team

Nationalparker i Storbritannien
Northumberland

Northumberland National Park


François, greve af Clermont (fransk: François Henri Louis Marie d'Orléans) (født 7. februar 1961 i Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France, Frankrig – død 30. december 2017 i Nantes, Bretagne, Pays de la Loire, Frankrig) var en fransk prins, der fra 1999 til 2017 var én af Frankrigs tre titulære kronprinser (dauphin de France).

Forfædre
Prins François var søn af Marie-Thérèse af Württemberg, hertuginde af Montpensier og sønnesøn af Henrik af Paris, der var fransk tronprætendent fra 1940 til 1999.

Dauphin de France
Prins François's farfar (Henrik af Paris) døde den 9. juni 1999. Derefter blev François's far tronprætendent, og François selv blev titulær kronprins (dauphin de France).

Haresyge
Under graviditen blev prins François's mor inficeret med haresyge (Toxoplasma gondii).

Som følge af infektionen blev prins François mentalt handicappet. Derfor blev det besluttet, at han skulle under formynderskab, hvis at han skulle blive tronprætendent.

Kilder
 Philippe de Montjouvent, Le comte de Paris et sa descendance, Du Chaney Eds, Paris, 1998, .
 Georges Poisson, Les Orléans, une famille en quête d'un trône, Perrin, Paris, 1999 .
 Henri d'Orléans, Ma Vie, Tallandier, Paris, 2003.
 Henri d'Orléans, À mes fils, Albin Michel, Paris, 1990.

Kongelige fra Frankrig
Huset Bourbon-Orléans
Kronprinser

François, greve af Clermont


Kaşkaval (denizcilik)
 Kaşkaval (peynir)
 Kaşkaval : Halat dikişi veya düğüm sanatı aleti, Kavela.

Kaşkaval


Phonovectra er et dansk rockband, der har eksisteret siden begyndelsen af 2004. Det består af sanger Mark Rosenér, Trommeslager Francis Nørgaard, bassist Andreas Bothmann og guitarist Allan K.

Bandet indspillede i 2006 albummet Too Young To Die i Electrical Audio med Steve Albini som producer. Albummet blev mixet af Steve Albini/Phonovectra og mastereret af John Golden. Det blev udgivet i 2007 på A:larm Music, og det modtog fire ud af seks stjerner i musikmagasinet GAFFA. Albummet blev efterfølgende re-mixet af Michael Ilbert og re-masteret af Björn Engelman.

Diskografi
 Too Young To Die (2007)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Phonovectra på Discogs

Musikgrupper fra 2004
Rockgrupper fra Danmark

Phonovectra


Onthophagus tirapensis é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Biswas & Chatterjee em 1985.

Referências

Ligações externas

tirapensis
Coleópteros descritos em 1985

Onthophagus tirapensis


සැප්ලින් ගුවන් නැවක් යනු, 20 වන සියවස මුල් භාගයේදී දෘඩ ගුවන් නැව් ප්‍රවර්ධනය පිළිබඳ පුරෝගාමී වූ   ජර්මානු සිටුවරයෙක් වූ ෆර්ඩිනැන්ඩ් වොන් සැප්ලින් අනුව යමින් නම් කෙරුණු දෘඩ ගුවන් නැව් වර්ගයකි.  සැප්ලින්ගේ අදහස් මුලින්ම ක්‍රමවත්ව එළිදැක්වුනේ 1874දී වන අතර සවිස්තර ප්‍රවර්ධනය සිදුවූයේ  1893 වසරෙහිදීය.  ජර්මනිය තුල ස්වාධිකාර (පේටන්ට්) බලපත්‍ර 1895දී නිකුත් කෙරුණු අතර එක්සත් ජනපදය තුල 1895 දී නිකුත් කෙරිණි. සැප්ලින් සැලසුමෙහි කැපී පෙනෙන සඵලත්වයෙන් පසුව, දෘඩ ගුවන් නැව් හැඳින්වීමට පොදු වචනයක් ලෙසින් සැප්ලින්  යන පදය භාවිතා වීම ඇරඹිණි.වාණිජ වශයෙන් සැප්ලින් ගුවන්ගත කෙරුම 1910දී පළමුව සිදු කළේ  ඩොයිච ලුෆ්ට්ෂිෆාර්ට්ස්-අගීව් (DELAG) සමාගම විසින් වන අතර, එය ලොව පළමු ආදායම් ලැබූ ගුවන්ගමන් සමාගම විය. 1914-මැද භාගය වන විට, DELAG විසින් ගුවන්ගමන්  1,500  තුල ගාස්තු-ගෙවූ මගීන් 10,000 අධික සංඛ්‍යාවක් රැගෙන ගොස් තිබුණි. පළමු ලෝක යුද්ධය තුලදී ජර්මානු හමුදාව විසින් බෝම්බ හෙලීමේ සහ ඔත්තු බැලීමේ ගුවන් නැව් ලෙසින් පුළුල් භාවිතයක සැප්ලින් යෙදවූ අතර, බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය වෙත සිදු කල ගුවන් ප්‍රහාර තුලදී   500 අධික ජනයා මරණයට පක් විය.

උපහරණ

සැප්ලින් ගුවන් නැව


Boltafélag Norðfjarðar 1996 sem er í daglegu tali kallað BN96 var stofnað árið 1996 af nokkrum norðfirskum drengjum
Knattspyrna

Boltafélag Norðfjarðar


غاي إدوارد بيرس  ممثل أسترالي، بريطاني المولد، ولد في 5 أكتوبر 1967. أشهر أدواره مغامرات بريسكيلا، ملكة الصحراء (1994), سري جدًا في لوس أنجلوس (1997), تذكار (2000), خطاب الملك (2010), بروميثيوس (2012), بالإضافة إلى آيرون مان 3 (2013). أيضا أدى شخصية مايك يونغ في المسلسل الأسترالي جيران. فاز بـجائزة إيمي وترشيحات في غولدن غلوب وجوائز نقابة ممثلي الشاشة وجائزة زحل.

بدايته
وُلد بيرس في مدينة ألي بمقاطعة كامبريدجشير. والدته آن كوكنغ وُلدت في دورهام وتعمل معلمة متخصصة في كل من التطريز والاقتصاد المنزلي. والده ستيوارت بيرس وُلد في نيوزيلندا وكان يعمل طيّار في القوى الجوية وتوفي عندما كان عمر غاي 9 سنوات. عندما بلغ الثالثة من عمره انتقل مع والدته للعيش في مدينة غريلونغ الأسترالية بعد أن افتتحت والدته فيها مزرعة للغزلان. درس في أحد الكليات الخاصة في غريلونغ. عندما كان عمره من 15 إلى 22 سنة حصل على المركز الأول في أحد مسابقات كمال الأجسام، وأيضًا شارك في المبارزة بالسيف. بعد ذلك عاش انتقل للعيش في مدينة ملبورن في أواخر الثمانينات بينما كان يشارك بالمسلسل الأسترالي جيران.

شارك بيرس بالعديد من الإنتاجات المسرحية عندما كان شبابًا، وبعمر 17 سنة قام بتأدية أول تجربة أداء له عن فيلم "Life and Study at University" والذي كان عبارة عن ترويج للدراسة بالجامعة، من إنتاج وإخراج بيتر لين في جامعة ديكين الأسترالية. كان من المفترض أن يكون دور البطولة لشاب بعمر 23 سنة وتم رفض بيرس بالبداية بسبب صغر سنه، ولكن والدته أصرّت عليهم أن ابنها قادر على تأدية الدور. وبعد الإصرار من طرف والدته وتأكيدها لهم قام بإعادة تجربة الأداء وتم قبوله. نضوجه كممثل كان حاضرًا منذ أن كان شابًا فقد برع بالأداء في مخاطبة الكاميرا بشكل مباشر.

مشواره الفني

مشاركاته الأخرى وجوائزه
ظهر بيرس بالأغنية المصورة Across the Night للفرقة الأسترالية Silverchair، أيضًا بالأغنية المصورة Before I Fall to Pieces لفرقة Razorlight. قام بتسجيل الساوندتراك لفيلمه A Slipping-Down Life وقام بالغناء وتأدية الإيتار بنفسه لأغاني عدة مغنين رون سيكسميث، فيك تشيسنت، روبين هيتشكوك.

في 18 سبتمبر 2011, فاز بيرس بـجائزة إيمي عن أفضل دور ثانوي بالمسلسل القصير (ميلدريد بيرس) بدور مونتي بيراغون والتي شاركت معه الممثلة كيت وينسلت دور البطولة.

حياته الخاصة
تزوج من كيت ميستيتز منذ شهر مارس عام 1997 والتي تعمل طبيبة نفسية. مشجع قديم لكرة القدم الأسترالية، ويشجع فريق غريلونغ.

أفلامه

مواقع خارجية

مراجع

أستراليون مغتربون في هولندا
أستراليون من أصل نيوزيلندي
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من إيلي (كامبريدجشير)
إنجليز مهاجرون إلى أستراليا
بريطانيون من أصل نيوزيلندي
بريطانيون مهاجرون إلى أستراليا
حائزون على جائزة نقابة ممثلي الشاشة للأداء المتميز
فائزون بجائزة نقابة ممثلي الشاشة لأفضل أداء من قبل طاقم ممثلين في فيلم سينمائي
فاعلو خير في القرن 21
فاعلو خير من ملبورن
لاعبو كمال أجسام أستراليون
لاعبو كمال أجسام إنجليز
لاعبو كمال أجسام بريطانيون
مسرحيون إنجليز
مغنون أستراليون في القرن 21
مغنون من كامبريدجشير
مغنون من ملبورن
مغنون وكتاب أغان أستراليون
ملحدون إنجليز
ممثلو أداء صوتي أستراليون
ممثلو أفلام أستراليون
ممثلو أفلام إنجليز
ممثلو أفلام بريطانيون
ممثلو أفلام ذكور بريطانيون
ممثلو تلفزيون إنجليز
ممثلو تلفزيون بريطانيون
ممثلو مسرح أستراليون
ممثلو مسرح بريطانيون
ممثلو مسلسلات طويلة ذكور أستراليون
ممثلو مسلسلات طويلة ذكور إنجليز
ممثلو مسلسلات طويلة ذكور بريطانيون
ممثلو وممثلات تلفزيون أستراليون
ممثلون أستراليون في القرن 20
ممثلون أستراليون في القرن 21
ممثلون أستراليون مغتربون في الولايات المتحدة
ممثلون إنجليز في القرن 20
ممثلون إنجليز في القرن 21
ممثلون بريطانيون في القرن 20
ممثلون بريطانيون في القرن 21
ممثلون ذكور من غيلونغ
ممثلون من أمستردام
ممثلون من كامبريدجشير
ممثلون من ملبورن
مواليد 1967
مواليد في إيلي (كامبريدجشير)
موسيقيون من أمستردام
موسيقيون من غيلونغ

غاي بيرس


Svjetsko prvenstvo u rukometu za igrače do 19 godina održalo se u Kataru 2005. godine od 3. srpnja 11. kolovoza. Natjecalo se 10 momčadi iz 4 konfederacije. Igralo se u jednoj dvorani Al-Gharafa Sports Club Hall u jednom gradu domaćinu, Dohi. Odigrano je 27 utakmica i postignuto 1393 pogotka.

Momčadi i sastavi
Nastupile su momčadi Argentine, Danske, Egipta, Hrvatske, Irana, Katara, Maroka, Južne Koreje, Tunisa te Srbije i Crne Gore.

Hrvatska je nastupila u sastavu Mate Šunjić (vratar), Mate Svalina, Domagoj Duvnjak, Antonio Kovačević, Marko Kopljar, Nikola Džono, Ivan Ribić (kapetan), Vladimir Bičvić, Mislav Lončar (vratar), Tomislav Brnas, Vladimir Gruičić, Luka Bumbak (vratar), Frano Veraja, Josip Nekić, Ivan Čupić i Alen Blažević, a od službenog osoblja Dinko Vuleta, Vladimir Canjuga, Ante Jureškin i Antun Arić.

Poredak

Nagrade
 najbolji strijelac:   Eom Hyo-Won

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 (eng.) IHF I Men's Youth World Championship

U19-2005
Međunarodna rukometna natjecanja u Kataru
Šport do 23 godine
Šport u Dohi

Svjetsko prvenstvo u rukometu za igrače do 19 godina – Katar 2005.


طريق القاهرة الإسكندرية الصحراوي أو طريق مصر إسكندرية الصحراوي طريق حر وأحد الطرق الرئيسية في جمهورية مصر العربية، تم إنشاءه عام 1935، يربط بين العاصمة المصرية القاهرة ومدينة الإسكندرية على ساحل البحر الأبيض المتوسط بطول حوالي 220 كم، ، تديره الشركة الوطنية لإنشاء وتنمية الطرق، وتبلغ سعة الطريق في الاتجاه الواحد أربعة حارات مرورية مخصصة للسيارات، وحارتين مروريتين مخصصتين للنقل الثقيل.

يبدأ الطريق جنوباً عند التقاطع مع محور 26 يوليو داخل نطاق محافظة الجيزة، ويمتد شمالاً حتى التقاطع مع الطريق الدائري داخل نطاق مدينة الإسكندرية، ويمر على عدة مدن رئيسية هي الشيخ زايد، سفنكس الجديدة، السادات، وادي النطرون، النوبارية الجديدة، والعامرية، كما يتقاطع مع عدة طرق رئيسية هي محور الضبعة، الطريق الدائري (الإقليمي)، وطريق وادي النطرون - العلمين، ويضم الطريق الكثير من المعالم المميزة، مثل القرية الذكية، مطار سفنكس الدولي، دير الأنبا مقار، المنطقة الحرة العامة بالإسكندرية، العديد من مزارع الفاكهة، وكذلك مصانع للسكر والطوب الأحمر.

التاريخ

يرجع إنشاء طريق القاهرة الإسكندرية إلى عام 1935، وذلك عندما قام الملك فاروق بتوظيف الانجليز وامر بتنفيذ إنشاء الطريق بطريقة mix-in-place، وكان عبارة عن مدق من الأحجار مثبت بالبيتومين بعرض 6 متر، وفي عام 1959، تم البدء في تغطية الطريق بطبقات أسفلتية بنفس العرض أيضاً، وفي عام 1971 تم البدء في توسيع الطريق ليصبح بمتوسط عرض 9 متر، في عام 1981 تم البدء في ازدواج الطريق بمتوسط عرض 9م لكل اتجاه فأصبح حارتين لكل اتجاه، وذلك ليستوعب متوسط حجم المرور اليومي البالغ وقتها 1500 مركبة / يوم، وفي عام 1998 تم البدء في إنشاء حارة ثالثة / اتجاه ليستوعب متوسط حجم المرور اليومي البالغ وقتها 13500 مركبة / يوم، وفي عام 2003 تم البدء في إنشاء حارة رابعة، ليستوعب متوسط حجم المرور اليومي البالغ وقتها 25200 مركبة / يوم، وفي عام 2005 تم البدء في إنارة الطريق من كم 29 حتى كم 59 من اتجاه القاهرة.

في عام 2007 وضعت الحكومة المصرية خطة لتطوير الطريق وتحويله إلى طريق حر بتكلفة تقديرية تبلغ ملياري جنيه مصري، وقد عملت الخطة على تحقيق رفع درجة الأمان والسلامة لمستخدمي الطريق من خلال إنشاء طرق خدمة جديدة على جانبي الطريق لخدمة الكيانات القائمة ومنع الاتصال المباشر مع الطريق الرئيسي، مع تحكّم كامل في حركة الدخول والخروج من وإلى الطريق الرئيسي، وإلغاء كافة الدورانات والتقاطعات السطحية واستبدالها بجسور علوية لتأمين تدفق المرور وإلغاء نقاط الاصطدام، إنشاء كباري للمشاة بمناطق الازدحام، أعمال الإنارة لطريق الخدمة، وتزويد الطريق بالإشارات الإرشادية والتوجيهية، وقد قامت الهيئة العامة للطرق والكباري بمنح عدة عطاءات تنافسية بين شركات المقاولات الموجودة بالسوق المصري، وقد تم إرساء العطاءات على عدة شركات حكومية وخاصة طبقاً للقطاعات المتاحة وتوافقها مع الجدول الزمني للمشروع على مرحلتين الأولى من الكم 26-126 وتشمل أربعة قطاعات، والثانية من 126-187 وتشمل قطاعين،
وتم إرساء الأربعة قطاعات بالمرحلة الأولى على ثلاث شركات هي المقاولون العرب (50 كم)، النصر العامة للمقاولات (25 كم)، والنيل العامة للطرق والإنشاء (25 كم)، وقامت الشركات المكلفة بتنفيذ تعاقداتها مع الحكومة المصرية، إلا أن بعض المشاكل مثل ثورة 25 يناير، وقبلها من أمور نزع الملكيات على جانبي الطريق الصحراوي قد أدى إلى تأخر أجزاء من المشروع.

معرض الصور

انظر أيضاً

 النقل في مصر.
 قطار العين السخنة - مطروح السريع.

مراجع

النقل في الإسكندرية
النقل في القاهرة
طرق حرة في مصر
طرق في مصر

طريق القاهرة - الإسكندرية الصحراوي


Un museo informático se concentra en el estudio de la historia del hardware y software informático, mientras que un museo es una "institución permanente al servicio de la sociedad y su desarrollo, también abierto al público, que adquiere, conserva, investiga, comunica, y exhibe los patrimonios de la humanidad y su ambiente tanto tangibles como intangibles, con el propósito de servir a la educación, estudio, y entretenimiento", como lo define el Consejo internacional de museos.

Véase también

Museos informáticos
 Computer History Museum (Mountain View, California, Estados Unidos)
 Museo de Informática de la República Argentina - Fundación ICATEC (Buenos Aires, Argentina) – Primer museo de informática de la República Argentina y América del Sur.

Festivales
 Vintage Computer Festival, que tiene lugar cada año en Mountain View

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Bell, Gordon (2011). Out of a Closet: The Early Years of the Computer Museums. Microsoft Technical Report MSR-TR-2011-44.
 Bruemmer, Bruce H. (1987). Resources for the History of Computing: A Guide to U.S. & Canadian Records. Charles Babbage Institute.
 Cortada, James W. (1990). Archives of Data-Processing History: A Guide to Major U.S. Collections. Greenwood

informatica

Museo informático


A hierophant () is a person who brings religious congregants into the presence of that which is deemed holy. As such, a hierophant is an interpreter of sacred mysteries and arcane principles.

The word comes from ancient Greece, where it was constructed from the combination of  (ta hiera, 'the holy') and  (phainō, 'to reveal').

Greek priesthood

In Attica, Hierophant was the title of the chief priest at the Eleusinian Mysteries. It was an office inherited within the Philaidae or Eumolpidae families. The office of Hierophant, High Priestess and Dadouchousa Priestess were all inherited within the Philaidae or Eumolpidae families, and the Hierophant and the High Priestess were of equal rank.  It was the task of the High Priestess to impersonate the roles of the goddesses Demeter and Persephone in the enactment during the Mysteries.

Eunapius and Vettius Agorius Praetextatus are notable examples.

In modern culture

Rider Waite tarot
In the Rider–Waite tarot deck and similar decks, "The Hierophant" (known in the Tarot de Marseille as "The Pope") is one of the twenty-two trump cards comprising the "Major Arcana", and represents conformity to social standards, or a deference to the established social moral order. As the guide towards knowledge, insight, and wisdom, in a Tarot reading it might, for example, represent a priest, scholar, therapist, or teacher, possibly similar to the Hermit or the King of Cups cards.

A. E. Waite wrote that the Hierophant:...symbolizes also all things that are righteous and sacred on the manifest side. As such, he is the channel of grace belonging to the world of institution as distinct from that of Nature, and he is the leader of salvation for the human race at large. He is the order and the head of the recognized hierarchy, which is the reflection of another and greater hierarchic order; but it may so happen that the pontiff forgets the significance of his symbolic state and acts as if he contained within his proper measures all that his sign signifies or his symbol seeks to shew [sp] forth. He is not, as it has been thought, philosophy—except on the theological side; he is not inspiration; and his is not religion, although he is a mode of its expression.

In Dungeons & Dragons
The original Unearthed Arcana supplement to 1st edition AD&D detailed how the 15th-level Grand Druid (the in-game head of all druids) could step down from his position and become a 16th-level Hierophant. In 3rd edition D&D, the hierophant prestige class for high-level divine spellcasters appeared in the Forgotten Realms Campaign Setting and in the 3.5e Dungeon Master's Guide.

See also

 Daduchos
 Hierophany
 Hierophylakes
 Mystagogue
 Patriarchate
 Pontifex, "bridge-builder" between Heaven and Earth or between the spiritual world and the temporal one
 Sacred mysteries

References

External links
Britannica article
The last hierophant at Eleusis
Dictionary definition
Definition from alt religion

Eleusinian Mysteries
Esoteric schools of thought
Ancient Greek titles
Ancient Athenian religious titles
Ancient Greek priests

Hierophant


Cunedda ap Edern, also called Cunedda Wledig ( 5th century), was an important early Welsh leader, and the progenitor of the Royal dynasty of Gwynedd, one of the very oldest of western Europe.

Name
The name Cunedda (spelled Cunedag in the AD 828 pseudo-history Historia Brittonum) derives from the Brythonic word , meaning "Good Hound/Warrior" or "Having Good Hounds/Warriors".

Early life

Cunedda's family is traced back to a grandfather living in late Roman Britain named Padarn Beisrudd. His name literally translates as Paternus of the "red tunic" or the scarlet cloak, a color attributed to Roman officers during the Roman Empire. One traditional interpretation identifies Padarn as a Roman (Romano-British) official of reasonably high rank who had been placed in command of the Votadini troops stationed in the Clackmannanshire region of Scotland in the 380s or earlier by the Roman Emperor Magnus Maximus.

Alternatively, he may have been a frontier chieftain who was granted Roman military rank, a practice attested elsewhere along the empire's borders at the time. Possibly, Padarn's command in Scotland was assumed after his death by his son, Edern (), and then passed to Edern's son, Cunedda, who would later be the founder of the Kingdom of Gwynedd and become its first King.

Genealogy

Cunedda's genealogy, as many early Welsh Royal families, claimed descent from Afallach, son of Beli Mawr, the father of King Cassivellaunus. Cassivellaunus was a pre-Roman historical figure who fought against Julius Caesar during his invasion of Britain in 54 BC, as part of the Gallic Wars, and whose name was featured on many occasions in Caesar's war diaries. His successor was Tasciovanus, father of Cunobeline.

Both Cunedda and his father-in-law, King Coel Hen (Coel Godebog), claimed descent from Beli Mawr. Early versions of their genealogies are now part of the Harleian Library, under the Harleian collections and Jesus College collections, and are one of the few direct historical sources for Welsh dynastic history in the early Middle Ages.

Life

Move to Gwynedd

According to Old Welsh tradition contained in section 62 of the Historia Brittonum, Cunedda came from Manaw Gododdin, the modern Clackmannanshire region of Scotland:
Maelgwn, the great king, was reigning among the Britons in the region of Gwynedd, for his ancestor, Cunedag, with his sons, whose number was eight, had come previously from the northern part, that is from the region which is called Manaw Gododdin, one hundred and forty-six years before Maelgwn reigned. And with great slaughter they drove out from those regions the Scotti who never returned again to inhabit them.

Cunedda and his forebears led the Votadini against Pictish and Irish incursions south of Hadrian's Wall. Sometime after this, the Votadini troops under Cunedda relocated to North Wales to defend the region from Irish invasion, specifically the Uí Liatháin, as mentioned in the Historia Brittonum. Cunedda established himself in Wales, in the territory of the Venedoti, which would become the centre of the kingdom of Gwynedd. Two explanations for these actions have been suggested: either Cunedda was acting under the orders of Magnus Maximus (or Maximus' successors) or Vortigern, the high king of the British in the immediate post-Roman era. The range of dates (suggested by Oxford genealogist Peter Bartrum) runs from the late 370s, which would favour Maximus, to the late 440s, which would favour Vortigern.

The suggestion that Cunedda was operating under instructions from Rome has been challenged by several historians. David Dumville dismisses the whole concept of transplanting foederati from Scotland to Wales in this manner, given that the political state of sub-Roman Britain would probably have made it impossible to exercise such centralised control by the 5th century. As Maximus himself was dead by the end of 388, and Constantine III departed from Britain with the last of Rome's military forces in 407, less than a generation later, it is doubtful that Rome had much direct influence over the military actions of the Votadini, either through Maximus or any other emissary, for any significant length of time.

Maximus (or his successors) may have handed over control of the British frontiers to local chieftains at an earlier date; with the evacuation of the fort at Chester (which Mike Ashley, incidentally, argues is most likely where Cunedda established his initial base in the region, some years later) in the 370s, he may have had little option. Given that the archaeological record demonstrates Irish settlement on the Llŷn Peninsula however and possible raids as far west as Wroxeter by the late 4th century, it is difficult to conceive of either Roman or allied British forces having presented an effective defence in Wales.

Academics such as Sheppard Frere have argued that it may have been Vortigern who, adopting elements of Roman statecraft, moved the Votadini south, just as he invited Saxon settlers to protect other parts of the island. According to this version of events, Vortigern would have instructed Cunedda and his Votadini subjects to move to Wales in response to the aforementioned Irish incursions no later than the year 442, when Vortigern's former Saxon allies rebelled against his rule.

Life and succession

Of Cunedda personally even less is known. Probably celebrated for his strength, courage, and ability to rally the beleaguered Romano-British forces of the region, he eventually secured a politically advantageous marriage to Gwawl, daughter of King Coel Hen, the Romano-British ruler of Eboracum (modern York) appointed by Magnus Maximus, and is claimed to have had nine sons. The early kingdoms of Ceredigion and Meirionnydd were supposedly named after his two sons King Ceredig and King Meirion.

Cunedda's supposed great-grandson Maelgwn Gwynedd was a contemporary of Gildas, and according to the Annales Cambriae died in 547. The reliability of early Welsh genealogies is not uncontested however, and many of the claims regarding the number and identity of Cunedda's heirs did not surface until as late as the 10th century. Nonetheless, if we accept this information as valid, calculating back from this date suggests the mid-5th-century interpretation.

Allt Cunedda
There is a hill called Allt Cunedda, close to Cydweli (now Kidwelly) in Carmarthenshire, in southwest Wales. A local folk story, recorded by Victorian antiquarians, claims that Cunedda and his sons attempted to invade Cydweli, but was defeated and killed by rebellious locals and was buried in the Allt Cunedda. Amateur and ill-recorded excavations did reveal a hill fort, probably pre-Roman, the broken head of a stone hammer axe, and several collapsed stone cists containing the well-preserved skeletons of several men with formidable physical proportions. At least one of these was found in the "seated position" and another buried beneath a massive stone "shield" who had apparently been killed by a head wound. John Fenton's  excavations in 1851 destroyed much of the archaeological evidence from Allt Cunedda, and more by John William Watson Stephens' dig in the 1930s. The bones are lost; Fenton sent them to an institution in London, and Stephens' long searches for them were unsuccessful.

One of the tumuli was known locally as Banc Benisel and was reputedly the grave of a Sawyl Penuchel, a legendary King of the Britons presumably from late Iron Age Britain. His epithet Penuchel or Ben Uchel means "high head" perhaps on account of his height.  According to the Welsh Life of Saint Cadoc, a king named Sawyl Penuchel held court at Allt Cunedda. Confusingly, Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his Historia Regum Britanniae (1136), uses the name Samuil Penessil for a legendary pre-Roman king of Britain, preceded by Redechius and succeeded by Pir. Whether this is the same king and Cadoc's tale is just revisiting an old folk memory, a different man of the same name, or simply an error by the composer of the Life, is unclear.

Immediate family

Immediate ancestors
Eternus (Edeyrn) father, Commander of the Votadini troops
Paternus (Padarn Beisrudd, of the red robe) grandfather, Commander of the Votadini troops
Tacitus (Tegid) great-grandfather

Children
Rhufon, Ruler of the Kingdom of Rhufoniog
Dunod, Ruler of the Kingdom of Dunoding
Ceredig, King of the Kingdom of Ceredigion, grandfather of Bishop Saint David
Einion, Ruler of Gwynedd, father of King Cadwallon Lawhir ap Einion
Dogfael, King of the petty Kingdom of Dogfeiling
Edern, Ruler of the minor Kingdom of Edeirnion under Gwynedd
 As well as Tybion, Ysfael and Afloeg.

Great-grandson
Maelgwn Gwynedd, King of Gwynedd, referred by Gildas as Maelgwn the Dragon or Dragon of the Island, and was the ancestor of King Cadwaladr who bore the Red Dragon.

This heraldic symbol would later be brought to England by the House of Tudor, descendants of Cunedda, through Owen Tudor and King Henry Tudor, and be featured on the Flag of Wales.

See also
Kings of Wales family trees

References

 Bartrum, Peter, A Welsh Classical Dictionary, National Library of Wales, 1993, pp. 172–173.
 J. Fenton, "The Grave of Sawyl Benisel, King of the Britons", Archaeol. Camb., vol 2, (1851) new ser, pp. 159–62.

 — English translation
 — in Latin

Footnotes

.
Monarchs of Gwynedd
Britons of the North
British traditional history
 01
People from Gwynedd
Welsh royalty
5th-century Welsh monarchs

Cunedda


fue un pueblo localizado en el Distrito de Kanzaki, Shiga, Japón.

En 2003, el pueblo tenía una población estimada de 6.194 habitantes y una densidad de 34,17 habitantes por km². Su área total era de 181,27  km².

El pueblo recibe su nombre tras el templo budista de Eigen-ji. Es un sitio conocido para ver las hojas rojas del arce japonés en otoño.

Geografía
 Montañas
 Monte Gozaisho
 Ríos
 Río Echi

Historia
El 11 de febrero de 2005, Eigenji, junto con la ciudad de Yōkaichi y los pueblos de Gokashō, Aitō y Kotō se unió para formar la ciudad de Higashiōmi.

Transporte

Carretera
 Rutas Nacionales
 Ruta Nacional 421

Enlaces externos
 Guía de Información de Eigenji

Localidades extintas de Shiga

Eigenji (Shiga)


Jerry Fielding (Pittsburgh, Pensilvania, Estados Unidos, 17 de junio de 1922 - Toronto, Ontario, Canadá, 17 de febrero de 1980) fue un músico de jazz, director de big band y compositor de música de cine y televisión estadounidense, nominado al Premio Oscar por algunas de sus composiciones. Los realizadores de cine con los que colaboró habitualmente fueron Sam Peckinpah, Clint Eastwood y Michael Winner. Se recuerdan especialmente sus composiciones para el primero de ellos, como The Wild Bunch, Perros de paja o Quiero la cabeza de Alfredo García.

Trayectoria profesional

Nació como Joshua Itzhak Feldman el 17 de junio de 1922, en la ciudad de Pittsburgh, Pensilvania, en el Noreste de Estados Unidos. Sus padres eran Hiram Harris Feldman y Esther Feldman. Aprendió a tocar el clarinete y se unió a una banda musical de ámbito escolar. Ingresó en el Carnegie Institute for Instrumentalists, teniendo que abandonarlo al poco tiempo de asistencia por problemas de salud. Tras recuperarse, trabajó en el Stanley Theatre de Pittsburgh. Dejó su ciudad natal a los 17 años para unirse a la banda de Swing Alvino's Ray Swing Band, realizando después arreglos para bandas de jazz de Los Ángeles como las de Claude Thornhill, Jimmie Lunceford, Tommy Dorsey, Charlie Barnet y Les Brown.

Fieding tuvo su primera oportunidad como vocalista para el LP de Ruth Olay Easy Living, publicado por Mercury Records. En 1959, Fielding firmó con Signature Records para una serie de álbumes, comenzando con un disco de temas navideños.

Radio
Fielding realizó los arreglos para el programa de radio Kyser's Kollege of Musical Knowledge y lideró la banda que interpretó las sintonías de otros programas, como The Jack Paar Program (1947–1949), The Hardy Family (1952-1953), You Bet Your Life (1949-1952), The Life of Riley, y The Sweeney and March Show. Lideró la banda del show radiofónico de Groucho Marx Groucho Marx's You Bet Your Life durante algunos años. Para la radio, y también con el propósito de realizar grabaciones discográficas, formó la Jerry Fielding Orchestra.

Inclusión en la lista negra de Hollywood
Fielding era miembro de Hollywood Writers Mobilization (después el Independent Progressive party), grupos considerados por algunos como comunistas), lo que hizo que fuera llamado a declarar ante el Comité de Actividades Antiamericanas (House Un-American Activities Committee) en diciembre de 1953. Fielding se acogió a la quinta enmienda (Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution/Fifth Amendment), rehusando divulgar los nombres de otros miembros, por lo que sería incluido en la Lista negra de Hollywood. Esto le impediría trabajar en adelante en la televisión, para la que ya había comenzado a componer e interpretar algunas bandas sonoras. Fielding se trasladó entonces a Las Vegas, Nevada, donde dirigió una banda en el hotel  Royal Las Vegas Hotel, y realizó una gira con la orquesta de su mismo nombre.  También grabó álbumes para Decca Records, incluyendo Sweet with a Beat (lanzado en 1955) y Fielding's Formula (1957).

Televisión
En 1952 condujo el programa de televisión The Jerry Fielding Show. En 1959, Fielding fue asignado para dirigir la música de la serie de TV de breve existencia The Betty Hutton Show. Fielding ya había trabajado anteriormente con Betty Hutton realizando arreglos y dirigiendo la música de alguno de sus musicales.
En la década de los 60 compondría principalmente para el medio televisivo, superando el medio centenar de títulos, entre series regulares, películas para televisión y programas especiales. En 1964 fue el director musical del especial televisivo de la 16.ª edición de los Premios Emmy.

Cine
En 1962 le llegó su primera gran oportunidad en el cine de la mano del realizador de origen austriaco Otto Preminger, quien le confió la banda sonora de Tempestad sobre Washington. Siguió trabajando en la televisión hasta que comenzó su fructífera relación profesional con Sam Peckinpah, para el que compondría en1969 la música del Western Grupo Salvaje/La pandilla salvaje (The Wild Bunch). Fielding obtuvo por esta película su primera nominación al premio Óscar en la categoría de mejor banda sonora en film dramático. Recibiría otras dos, por Perros de paja (Straw Dogs, 1971), también de Peckinpah; y  El fuera de la ley (The Outlaw Josey Wales, 1976), de Clint Eastwood. Para Eastwood compuso también la banda sonora de Ruta suicida (The Gauntlet, 1977), en la que evidenciaba su bagaje como músico y compositor de jazz. Al margen de con su experiencia previa, Fielding contó con la experimentación para musicar algunos títulos, como en el film de ciencia ficción Engendro mecánico (1977), de Donald Cammell. Otro realizador que contó habitualmente con él fue el inglés Michael Winner, para el que compuso media docena de bandas sonoras entre 1971 y 1978. Fielding llegó al cine de manera algo tardía, pero trabajo en él ya sin descanso hasta su muerte.

Vida personal

Fielding se casó en dos ocasiones, primero con la asistente de producción de la banda de Kay Kyser, Ann Parks, en diciembre de  1946 en Tijuana, México. El matrimonio adoptó dos niños. Se divorciaron en la primavera de 1963. Su segundo matrimonio tuvo lugar poco después, el 6 de agosto de 1963, con Camille J. Williams, una bailarina de Las Vegas. De este segundo matrimonio, Fielding tuvo dos hijas.

Fallecimiento

Fielding murió de un ataque al corazón el 17 de febrero de 1980, mientras se encontraba en Toronto, Canadá, donde estaba componiendo la banda sonora de la película Funeral Home. Contaba entonces con 57 años de edad.
Le sobrevivieron su segunda mujer, Camille, y dos hijas: Claudia y Elizabeth.  Fielding fue enterrado en la cripta 30 en el Glen Haven Memorial Park en Los Ángeles.

Filmografía parcial

Cine

Tempestad sobre Washington (Advise & Consent), de Otto Preminger (1962).
Grupo Salvaje/La pandilla salvaje (Wild Bunch), de Sam Peckinpah (1969).
En nombre de la ley (Lawman), de Michael Winner (1971).
Johnny cogió su fusil (Johnny Got His Gun), de Dalton Trumbo (1971).
Los últimos juegos prohibidos (The Nightcomers), de Michael Winner (1971).
Perros de paja (Straw Dogs), de Sam Peckinpah (1971).
Chato, el apache (Chato's Land), de Michael Winner (1972).
Junior Bonner (Junior Bonner), de Sam Peckinpah (1972).
Fríamente... sin motivos personales (The Mechanic), de Michael Winner (1972).
Scorpio (Scorpio), de Michael Winner (1973).
Con furia en la sangre (The Deadly Trackers), de Barry Shear y Samuel Fuller (Sin acreditar) (1973)
Quiero la cabeza de Alfredo García (Bring Me the Head of Alfredo García), de Sam Peckinpah (1974).
Los aristócratas del crimen (The Killer Elite), de Sam Peckinpah (1975).
El halcón negro (The Black Bird), de David Giler (1975).
Los picarones (The Bad News Bears), de Michael Ritchie (1976).
El fuera de la ley (The Outlaw Josey Wales), de Clint Eastwood (1976).
Harry el ejecutor (The Enforcer), de James Fargo (1976).
Engendro mecánico (Demon Seed), de Donald Cammell (1977).
Dos más uno, igual a dos (Semi-Tough), de Michael Ritchie (1977).
Ruta suicida (The Gauntlet), de Clint Eastwood (1977).
Alerta roja: Neptuno hundido (Gray Lady Down), de David Greene (1978).
Detective privado (The Big Sleep), de Michael Winner (1978).
Más allá del Poseidon (Beyond the Poseidon Adventure), de Irwin Allen (1979).
Escape from Alcatraz, de Don Siegel (1979).
Cries in the Night, de Wiliam Fruet (1980).
Below the Belt, de Robert Fowler (1980).

Televisión

The Jerry Fielding Show (1952)
The Life of Riley (1953-1957)
The Betty Hutton Show (1959-1960)
The Tom Ewell Show (1961)
El hombre del rifle (Rifleman) (1963)
Broadside (1964-1965)
The John Forsythe Show (1965)
Los héroes de Hogan (Hogan's Heroes) (1965-1966)
Shane (1966)
Las aventuras de Tarzán (1966-1967)
La conquista del espacio (Star trek) (1967)
Él y ella (1967-1968)
Misión imposible (Mission: Impossible) (1967-1969) Serie protagonizada por Peter Graves.
Mannix (Mannix) (1967-1970)The Queen and I (1969)The Governor & J.J. (1969-1970)Los chiflados de Chicago (1971)McMillan y esposa (1971-1976) Serie protagonizada por Rock Hudson.The Brian Keith Show (1972-1973)Camisetas contra Pieles (1973)Diana (1973)Hawkins (1973-1974) Serie protagonizada por James Stewart.La mujer policía (1974) Serie protagonizada por Angie Dickinson.Kolchak: The Night Stalker (1974-1975)On the Rocks (1975-1976)El hombre de los seis millones de dólares (1976) Serie protagonizada por Lee Majors.La mujer biónica (1976) Serie protagonizada por Lindsay Wagner.W.E.B. (1978)Mr. Horn (1979) (TV Movie)High Midnight (1979) (TV Movie)

 Premios y distinciones
Premios Óscar

Premios Emmy

En noviembre de 2009, con motivo del 40º aniversario del estreno de The Wild Bunch, Jerry Fielding fue galardonado por su composición para esta película y por el conjunto de su obra. El premio fue recogido por su hija, Claudia Fielding.

 Referencias

 Bibliografía
 Cueto, Roberto. Cien bandas sonoras en la historia del cine. Pág.:283-285, 422-423. Nuer Ediciones. Madrid. 1996. ISBN 84-8068-037-7
 Gelfand, Steve.  Television Theme Recordings: An Illustrated Discography,  1951-1994.  Ann Arbor, MI: Popular Culture, Ink., 1994
 New York Times. "Jerry Fielding, Writer of Scores for Movies; Named for 3 Oscars" New York Times, February 19, 1980, page B4.
 Redman, Nick. "Jerry Fielding" Dictionary of American Biography, Supplement 10: 1976-1980. Charles Scribner's Sons, 1995.  Reproduced in Biography Resource Center, Gale, 2008.
 Terrace, Vincent.  Radio Programs, 1924-1984.  Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999.

 Enlaces externos
 http://www.epdlp.com/compbso.php?id=534 Portal dedicado al músico en Epdlp.
 http://www.decine21.com/perfiles/Jerry-Fielding Filmografía de Jerry Fielding.
 http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006076/ Ficha en IMDb.
 https://web.archive.org/web/20111019183214/http://www.jazzprofessional.com/interviews/Jerry%20Fielding.htm Jerry Fielding, From the Bands to the Films - entrevista realizada por Les Tomkins en 1974.
 https://web.archive.org/web/20111119222144/http://www.miradas.net/2006/n50/bso.html Artículo sobre la banda sonora de The Wild Bunch (Grupo salvaje/La pandilla salvaje, 1969)
  Entrevista con David Raksin publicada en Soundtrack Magazine No.58, 1980. Incluye una imagen del compositor.
 https://web.archive.org/web/20060531005427/http://www.screenarchives.com/fsm/detailCD.cfm?ID=264 Edición en CD de Engendro mecánico''
 http://www.soundtrackcollector.org/catalog/composerdiscography.php?composerid=713/
 https://web.archive.org/web/20081111194153/http://www.spaceagepop.com/fielding.htm Biografía de Jerry Fielding y discografía en LP.
 http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=6644487
 Artículo en francés sobre Jerry Fielding.

Artistas de Kapp Records
Clarinetistas de jazz de Estados Unidos
Músicos de swing
Directores de big bands
Directores de orquesta de Estados Unidos
Compositores de bandas sonoras de Estados Unidos
Compositores de bandas sonoras
Lista negra de Hollywood
Fallecidos por infarto agudo de miocardio
Nacidos en Pittsburgh

Jerry Fielding


Dvogodišnje biljke (bijé ne), dvogodišnja biljka je svaka zeljasta cvjetnica koja svoj životni ciklus završava u dvije vegetacijske sezone. Tijekom prve vegetacijske sezone dvogodišnje biljke proizvode korijenje, stabljike i lišće. Tijekom druge vegetacijske sezone stvaraju cvjetove, plodove i sjemenke, a zatim umiru. Dvogodišnje biljke obično su porijeklom iz umjerene klime i često prezimljuju pod zemljom.

Mnogi članovi porodice peršina (Apiaceae) imaju dvogodišnji životni ciklus, uključujući peršin, korijander, kopar i Daucus carota carota, eng. nazivana čipka kraljice Anne. Jedna od ekonomski najvažnijih dvogodišnjih biljaka je mrkva, koja se bere nakon jedne vegetacijske sezone kada je organ za skladištenje hrane (jestivi korijen) postigao najveću veličinu. Ako se ostavi da ode u sjeme, biljka će koristiti hranu pohranjenu u glavnom korijenu za poticanje rasta svojih reproduktivnih struktura tijekom druge vegetacijske sezone. Određeni zvončići i neki nezaboravci također žive samo dvije vegetacijske sezone.

Izvori

Biljke

Dvogodišnje biljke


Sršljenci su naseljeno mjesto u općini Vareš, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

 Srbi - 31
 Hrvati - 1
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 1

2013.

Prema popisu iz 2013. godine bilo je bez stanovnika.

Izvori

Naselja u Zeničko-dobojskoj županiji
Vareš

Sršljenci


est un géologue français, professeur à l'université de Besançon.

Biographie

Daniel Contini  est professeur-chercheur à l'Université de Besançon, au laboratoire de géologie historique (1996), où il est élève de Nicolas Théobald.

Ses publications sont notamment constituées de nombreuses cartes géologiques de la France.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Géologue français
Professeur à l'université de Franche-Comté
Date de naissance non renseignée (XXe siècle)

Daniel Contini


Ronald Woodson "Ronnie" Harris (* 3. September 1948 in Canton, Ohio) ist ein ehemaliger US-amerikanischer Boxer. Er wurde 1968 Olympiasieger im Leichtgewicht und war 1978 WM-Herausforderer der WBA und WBC im Mittelgewicht.

Amateurkarriere
Er wurde 1966, 1967 und 1968 US-Meister im Leichtgewicht und gewann auch die National Golden Gloves 1968 im Leichtgewicht. 1967 erreichte er die Bronzemedaille bei den 5. Panamerikanischen Spielen in Kanada.

Bei den 19. Olympischen Sommerspielen 1968 in Mexiko-Stadt besiegte er den Südkoreaner Lee Chang-gil (5:0), den Briten John Stracey (4:1), Mohamed Muruli aus Uganda (5:0), Calistrat Cuțov aus Rumänien (5:0) sowie Józef Grudzień aus Polen (5:0) und gewann damit die Goldmedaille im Leichtgewicht.

Profikarriere
1971 startete er seine Karriere als Profiboxer und gewann seine ersten 28 Kämpfe in den USA, Kanada und Großbritannien. Dabei besiegte er u. a. Ray Seales, Alan Minter sowie Gratien Tonna und qualifizierte sich damit für einen WM-Kampf um die Titel der WBA und WBC im Mittelgewicht. Der Kampf fand am 5. August 1978 in Buenos Aires gegen den amtierenden Titelträger Hugo Pastor Corro statt, wobei Harris jedoch über 15 Runden nach Punkten unterlag. Dies war seine erste Niederlage seit Mai 1967.

Am 13. Mai 1980 verlor er beim Kampf um den NABF-Titel durch K. o. gegen Sammy NeSmith. Im August 1982 beendete er seine Profikarriere mit 35 Siegen (14 K. o.) und zwei Niederlagen.

Weblinks

 US National Champions, Boxing-Strefa
 5. Pan American Games 1967, Boxing-Strefa
 19. Olympic Games 1968, Boxing-Strefa

Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1968
Boxer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Olympiasieger (Boxen)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1948
Mann

Ronald Harris


An Genoplesium acuminatum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Richard Sanders Rogers, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni David Lloyd Jones och Mark Alwin Clements. An Genoplesium acuminatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Genoplesium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Genoplesium

Genoplesium acuminatum


Kupina kamenjarka (malina kamenjarka, kamenica, lat. Rubus saxatilis), biljna vrsta iz porodice ružovki, raširena je po Euroaziji, uključujući i sadašnje države na području nekadašnje Jugoslavije, i nadalje u Sjevernoj Americi i na Grenlandu.

Kupina kamenjarka je zeljasta trajnica, uspravne ili puzajuće stabljike, prekrivene malim trnovima, listova naizmjeničnih i trodjelnih, dvospolnih malih cvjetova i kiselkastih jestivih plodova.

Plod dozrijeva u srpnju i kolovozu, može se jesti sirov i termički obrađen, a služi i za izradu sokova, kompota i sirupa.

Izvori

Kupina

Kupina kamenjarka


Michaela Axt-Gadermann (* 1967 in Fulda) ist eine deutsche Buchautorin und Professorin für Integrative Gesundheitsförderung an der Hochschule Coburg.

Leben
Nach ihrem Medizinstudium an der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg und der Facharztprüfung Dermatologie arbeitete Axt-Gadermann bis zum Jahr 2007 als Ärztin und Oberärztin in verschiedenen dermatologischen Kliniken und Praxen.

Im Oktober 2007 erfolgte die Berufung als Professorin für Gesundheitsförderung an die Hochschule Coburg, Studiengang Integrative Gesundheitsförderung. Ihre Lehrgebiete sind Anatomie und Physiologie, Krankheitslehre, Sport in der Prävention und Gesundheitskommunikation. Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte sind das Hautmikrobiom und das Darmmikrobiom. Hierzu sind zahlreiche Studien und Veröffentlichungen erschienen.

Seit dem Jahr 2007 ist Axt-Gadermann nicht mehr therapeutisch tätig, sondern arbeitet neben ihrer Arbeit an der Hochschule Coburg als Buchautorin, Vortragsrednerin und Beraterin verschiedener Kosmetikfirmen und Herstellern von Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Mikrobiomanalyse verstehen und richtig interpretieren. Für alle erhältlichen Darmflora-Tests geeignet. Südwest Verlag, München 2022, ISBN 978-3-517-10137-8.
 Gesund mit Darm. Fitter, gelassener und jünger mit dem richtigen Mikrobiom. Südwest Verlag, München 2020, ISBN 978-3-517-09932-3.
 Hygiene in Zeiten von Corona. - Eine Handreichung zur Vorbeugung. Südwest Verlag, München 2020.
 mit Stefanie Burmeister: Goodbye Cellulite. Das Erfolgsprogramm für straffes Bindegewebe. Südwest Verlag, München 2019, ISBN 978-3-517-09853-1.
 Power für die Schilddrüse: Alles für einen gesunden Hormonhaushalt. Südwest Verlag, München 2018, ISBN 978-3-517-09724-4.
 mit Regina Rautenberg: Schlank mit Darm Kochbuch: 100 Rezepte für eine gesunde Darmflora. Südwest Verlag, München 2018, ISBN 978-3-517-09643-8.
 mit Regina Rautenberg: Schön mit Darm: Strahlendes Aussehen durch einen gesunden Darm. Südwest Verlag, München 2017, ISBN 978-3-517-09614-8.
 mit Regina Rautenberg: Schlau mit Darm: Glücklich und vital durch ein gesundes Darmhirn. Südwest Verlag, München 2016, ISBN 978-3-517-09469-4.
 mit Regina Rautenberg: Schlank mit Darm: Das 6-Wochen-Programm. Das Praxisbuch. Südwest Verlag, München 2015, ISBN 978-3-517-09422-9.
 Schlank mit Darm: Mit der richtigen Darmflora zum Wunschgewicht. Südwest Verlag, München 2014, ISBN 978-3-517-09365-9.
 mit Peter Axt: Was Kinder schlau und glücklich macht. Lernen erleichtern und Schulleistungen optimal fördern. Herbig Verlag, München 2010, ISBN 978-3-7766-2641-4.
 Dermatologische Aspekte des Doping. In: Doping: Wirkstoffe, fachärztliche und interdisziplinäre Aspekte. Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-7945-6537-5.
 mit Peter Axt: Vom Glück der kleinen Schritte. Step by step das Gewohnheitstier in uns überlisten. Herbig Verlag, München 2008, ISBN 978-3-7766-2584-4.
 mit Peter Axt, Sylvia Schmitt: Einfach besser essen. Die Ernährungsformel für Gesundheit und Leistungsfähigkeit. Mit großem Rezeptteil. Herbig Verlag, München 2007, ISBN 978-3-7766-2515-8.
 mit Peter Axt: Skin Food. Jugendliche, gesunde Haut durch typgerechte Ernährung. Herbig Verlag, München 2006, ISBN 978-3-7766-2466-3.

Weblinks

 Profil an der Hochschule Coburg
 Persönliche Homepage

Autor
Mediziner (20. Jahrhundert)
Mediziner (21. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1967
Frau

Michaela Axt-Gadermann


Exceller (May 12, 1973 – April 7, 1997) is widely considered one of the best horses to race in the United States not to win a year-end championship. Despite his exemplary achievements as a racehorse, and his unique accomplishment in being the only horse to ever defeat two U.S. Triple Crown winners in the same race (and only the second ever to do so in his career), Exceller is now remembered more for the tragic manner of his death and the horse rescue movement it helped inspire.

Background
Exceller was foaled on May 12, 1973 in Kentucky. Bred by Mrs. Charles W. Engelhard, he was sold as a yearling for approximately $27,000 to Nelson Bunker Hunt. Hunt's advisors figured that a son of European champion stayer Vaguely Noble with long and upright pasterns, would be better suited to European racing and sent him to France.

European racing career
Trained at first by François Mathet, who had been the trainer for François Dupré, and later by Maurice Zilber, Exceller didn't accomplish much racing as a two-year-old but blossomed as the distances got longer during his three-year-old season. While stablemates Empery and Youth were taking down the French and English Derbys, Exceller won in the grueling Prix Royal-Oak (run at 1 7/8 mile) and the Group 1 Grand Prix de Paris. Shipped to England at age four, he wound up a half-length behind The Minstrel and Orange Bay in the King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and won the Coronation Cup. Sent to Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, Canada, Exceller won the Canadian International.

American racing career
In the middle of 1977, Exceller was shipped to California and placed in the care of Charlie Whittingham. At first, Whittingham didn't have high expectations for a horse who walked stiffly on arrival and seemed the worse for wear. However, a little time off and some of Whittingham's expertise soon had Exceller competing and winning against some of the best horses in America.

As a five-year-old in 1978, Exceller had his best season on the racecourse, winning 7 of 10 starts, all in top company, on both dirt and turf racetracks. After claiming the Hollywood Gold Cup, Hollywood Invitational Turf Handicap, San Juan Capistrano Handicap, Sunset Handicap, and Oak Tree Invitational Stakes, Exceller had his crowning moment. With Bill Shoemaker in the saddle, he came from 22 lengths back to beat Triple Crown winners Seattle Slew and Affirmed in the Jockey Club Gold Cup. Affirmed's saddle had slipped, effectively taking him out of the race, and Seattle Slew had hung up almost suicidal fractions on the lead, but Exceller still powered through the Belmont Park mud to win by a nose.

Exceller came back again at age six and managed some placings, but was not quite the same horse.

In sum, he had won 15 of 33 starts, including 13 stakes races, and placed in 11 more in France, England, Canada, and the United States and had earned $1,654,003. He and Noor were the only horses in history to defeat two U.S. Triple Crown winners, and Exceller was the only one to pull off this feat in a single race. Most racing writers agree that, along with Gallant Man and Lure, he may have been the best horse to race in the United States and not win a year-end championship.

Exceller ran best, like many European horses, "covered up"—deep in the pack early. In the late stages of the race he produced a powerful burst of speed and caught the leaders in the stretch. His final quarter mile times are notable because he regularly sprinted this distance in under 25 seconds. His fractions of 23 2/5 seconds at the end of the Hollywood Gold Cup and Oak Tree Invitational is very fast, as 23 seconds is considered a quick first quarter in such a race.

Stud career
Exceller was syndicated and retired to stud at Gainesway Farm in Lexington, Kentucky for the 1980 breeding season. He shared a small stallion barn with his sire Vaguely Noble and classic-winning champion stablemate, Youth. In 1986 (and probably before), he stood for a $50,000 stud fee, the second-highest listed fee at Gainesway at the time.

As time went on, however, it became obvious that Exceller was never going to be a leading sire. By 1991, his stud fee had plummeted to $2,500.

Death
In 1991, the syndicate was bought out by a breeder from Sweden and Exceller was shipped back across the Atlantic Ocean. He sired a few crops of foals, then was diagnosed with a mysterious infection that forced his removal from stud service for several years. When Exceller's owner went bankrupt, the horse was moved to a small farm where he remained for a year before owner Göte Östlund ordered him killed. He was taken to a slaughterhouse and killed for meat on April 7, 1997. According to the woman who tended him- and whose duty it became to kill him- and the Scandinavian Racing Bureau, he wasn't destroyed due to illness or injury, but because he became a liability to his bankrupt owner Göte Östlund.

Legacy
Exceller left behind 16 crops of foals in the United States, including 19 stakes winners and 40 stakes horses, none of them of his quality. His runners were headed by the fillies Slew's Exceller and Squan Song.

Exceller was elected to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1999. Although the museum's website mentions the manner of his death, his plaque in the museum does not, stating  only that he died in 1997. His fate, essentially unheard of for an American stallion of his racing class, generated debate over the proper treatment of race horses after their careers on the track were over.

Today, a number of grassroots organizations, such as The Exceller Fund, ReRun, The Communication Alliance to Network Thoroughbred Ex-Racehorses (CANTER), and Old Friends, among others, take inspiration from Exceller's story as they work to purchase and retrain former racehorses for new careers. In addition, had the horse been in the United States, he may well have been given a proper home at the Kentucky Horse Park's Hall of Champions in Lexington as was done after the retired champion thoroughbred Cigar was found to be infertile at stud. Or, the owner might have been able to have handed him over to the Thoroughbred Retirement Foundation in Shrewsbury, New Jersey, the world's largest and most respected organization devoted to equine rescue.

Like Exceller, Kentucky Derby winner Ferdinand ended up in a  slaughterhouse in Japan in 2002.

In the Blood-Horse magazine ranking of the top 100 U.S. thoroughbred champions of the 20th century, Exceller was ranked #96.

Pedigree

References

1973 racehorse births
1997 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Kentucky
Racehorses trained in France
Racehorses trained in the United States
American Grade 1 Stakes winners
United States Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees
Thoroughbred family 21-a

Exceller