Ormanlı, Erzurum ilinin Şenkaya ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe

Ormanlı köyünün eski adı Arsenak'tır. Nitekim 1595 tarihli Osmanlı tahrir defterinde de Arsenak (ارسناك) olarak geçer. Gürcüce kaynaklarda Arsenaki (არსენაკი) olarak geçer. Bu yer adı zaman içinde Ersinek'e dönüşmüştür.

Arsenak köyünün bulunduğu Tao, orta çağda Gürcistan'ı oluşturan bölgelerden biriydi. Nitekim Osmanlılar bu bölgeyi ve köyü Gürcülerden ele geçirmiştir. Köydeki yıkık kale, buranın eski bir yerleşim olduğunu göstermesi açısından önemlidir.

Arsenak, 1595 tarihli ve Defter-i Mufassal-i Vilayet-i Gürcistan adlı Osmanlı mufassal defterinde Arsenak (ارسناك) olarak geçen yerleşim, Gürcistan Vilayeti içinde Penek livasının Penek nahiyesine bağlıydı. Tao bölgesindeki en büyük köylerden biriydi; Aşağı, Orta ve Yukarı olmak üzere üç kısımdan oluşuyordu. Tek bir köy olarak kaydedilmiş olan Arsenak'ta 138 hane yaşıyordu. 132 hane Hristiyan olarak yazılmıştı ve ispenç vergisi veriyordu. Dört hane reisinin (Bayram, Mahmud, Murad ve Muharrem) yeni Müslüman olduğu baba adlarının "Abdullah" yazılmasından anlaşılmaktadır. Hane reislerinin adlarına bakarak köyün nüfusunun çoğunluğunun Gürcülerden oluştuğu söylenebilir. Nitekim Gürcü tarihçi ve arkeolog Ekvtime Takaişvili'nin 1907 yılında saptadığı kilise yazıtları da buranın eski bir Gürcü yerleşimi olduğunu göstermektedir.

Arsenak köyü, Osmanlı idaresinin askere alma ve vergi belirleme amacıyla sadece erkek nüfusunu tespit ettiği 1835 yılında da Çıldır Eyaleti'nin Penek sancağına bağlıydı ve nüfusu 30 haneden oluşuyordu. Bu sırada köyde 110 erkek yaşıyordu. Erkek sayısı kadar kadın eklenince, Arsenak köyünün toplam nüfusunun yaklaşık 220 kişiden oluştuğu ortaya çıkar.

Arsenak, 93 Harbi'nin ardından 1878 yılında Berlin Antlaşması'yla Osmanlı Devleti tarafından Rusya'ya bırakıldı. Rus idaresinin Arsenek (Арсенекъ) adıyla kaydettiği köy Oltu sancağının Oltu kazasına bağlıydı. Köyün adı, "Arsenek Rum ve Türk" (Арсенекъ Греческий и Арсенекъ Турецкий) biçiminde yazılmıştı. 1886 tarihli tespite göre köydeki 88 hanede, 259'u erkek ve 277'i kadın olmak üzere 536 kişi yaşıyordu. Bu nüfus içinde 356 kişi (56 hane) "Türk", 180 kişi (32 hane) "Rum" olarak kaydedilmiştir. "Türk" olarak kaydedilmiş nüfusun Müslümanlaşmış Gürcüler olduğu belirtilmiştir.

Arsenak köyünün nüfusu 1896 yılında 428'i Türk ve 158'i Rum olmak üzere 586 kişiden, 1906 yılında ise 444'ü Türk ve 185'i Rum 629 kişiden oluşuyordu. 1907 yılında köyü ziyaret eden Ekvtime Takaişvili de köyün nüfusunun Müslümanlar ile Rumlardan oluştuğunu yazmıştır. Takaişvili'nin verdiği bilgiye göre, köyün Müslüman kesimindeki kiliseler tamamen yıkılmıştı. Rum kesiminde eski kilisenin yerinde yeni bir kilise inşa edilmişti. Bununla birlikte eski kiliseden kalan taşlarda Gürcü alfabesinin Nushuri harfleriyle Gürcüce yazılar belli oluyordu. 2017 yılında ise Gürcü araştırma ekibi köyde ahır ve samanlık duvarları ile avluda Ermenice yazılı üç adet taş tespit etmiştir. Ancak bu taşların kaynağı bilinmemektedir.

Arsenak köyü, 1928 tarihli Osmanlıca köy listesinde "Ârsenak/Ârsenek" (آرسنك) adıyla Erzurum vilayetinde Oltu kazasının Kosor nahiyesine bağlıydı. Arsenak köyü, 1940 genel nüfus sayımında "Ersinek" adıyla aynı idari konuma sahipti ve nüfusu 1.202 kişiden oluşuyordu. Arsenak veya Ersinek Türkçe olmadığı için köyün adı 1959 yılında Ormanlı olarak değiştirilmiştir. Ormanlı'nın nüfusu 1965 yılında 1.604 kişide oluşuyordu ve bu nüfus içinde 441 kişi okuma yazma biliyordu.

Ormanlı Mahallesi'nde Kıpçak Türklerine ait olduğu belirlenen ve 2500 yıllık olduğu ortaya çıkan Taş Baba heykelleri bulunmuştur. Bulunan heykellerin varlığı göz önüne alındığında bölgenin Türklerle etkileşiminin son derece eski dönemlere uzandığı açıkça görülmektedir.

Coğrafya
Erzurum il merkezine 175 km, Şenkaya ilçe merkezine 33 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Şenkaya'nın mahalleleri

Ormanlı, Şenkaya


Eray Canberk (d. 1940, İstanbul), Türk ozan, yazar, çevirmen.

İlk ve orta öğrenimini İstanbul'da gördü. İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Fransız Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü'nde ve İstanbul Yüksek Öğretmen Okulu'nda okudu. İlkokul öğretmenliği yaptı ve Afşar Timuçin ile birlikte Kavram Yayınevini kurdu,yönetti. Birçok ansiklopedi ile sözlükte konu yazarı olarak, ayrıca Milliyet Çocuk, Bando, Kırmızı Balon gibi çocuk dergilerinde çalıştı. 1963'ten başlayarak şiirleri, öyküleri, denemeleri, eleştirileri, günlükleri, incelemeleri ile çevirileri Yelken, Varlık, Yeditepe, Şiir Sanatı, Yeni Gerçek, MAY, Broy, Yansıma, Adam Sanat, Ludingirra, Hürriyet Gösteri, Cumhuriyet Kitap, Dünya Kitap gibi dergilerde yayımlandı.

Eserleri
Şiir kitapları
 Kuytu Sular
 Eskimiş Yalnızlığa
 Yüreğin Burkulduğu Zaman
 Ebrular
 Kuytu Sularda Zaman
 Kent Kırgını

Derlemeler
 Çağdaş Vietnam Şiiri
 Sevda Türküleri
 Türk Yazınından Seçilmiş Yergi Şiirleri
 Dünya Aşk Şiirleri Antolojisi
 Yürek ki Paramparça
 Çağdaş Çin Şiiri
 Nobelli Şairler Antolojisi
 Ömür Biter İstanbul Bitmez

Ödülleri
2012 Necatigil Şiir Ödülü (Kent Kırgını)
2013 PEN Türkiye Şiir Ödülü

Kaynakça

1940 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar
Necatigil Şiir Ödülü sahipleri
Resim aranan yazarlar
İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesinde öğrenim görenler
Türk öğretmenler
PEN Türkiye Şiir Ödülü sahipleri
Türk araştırmacılar
20. yüzyıl Türk şairleri
21. yüzyıl Türk şairleri

Eray Canberk


اعتمد علم ولاية فيرمونت رسميا في 1 حزيران - يونيو من سنة 1923.

مراجع

أعلام استحدثت عام 1923
فيرمونت
رموز فيرمونت
فيرمونت
أعلام فيرمونت

علم ولاية فيرمونت


Vulcaniella fiordalisa ist ein Schmetterling (Nachtfalter) aus der Familie der Prachtfalter (Cosmopterigidae).

Merkmale
Die Falter erreichen eine Flügelspannweite von 7 bis 9 Millimeter. Vulcaniella fiordalisa ähnelt Vulcaniella grabowiella, unterscheidet sich aber durch den weißen Kopf, die größeren weißen Zeichnungselemente an der Costalader der Vorderflügel. Die erhabenen metallischen Flecke sind häufig auf wenige Schuppen reduziert.

Bei den Männchen ist das rechte Brachium parallelwandig und distal gestutzt. Das linke Brachium ist breit und verjüngt sich distal zu einem stumpfen Apex. Die rechte Valvella ist etwas kürzer als der distale Teil des Aedeagus. Sie ist schlank und nach oben gebogen. Die linke Valvella ist dreieckig. Der distale Teil des Aedeagus ist gerade und verjüngt sich allmählich.

Bei den Weibchen verengt sich das 8. Segment distal. Die Antevaginalplatte ist distal flach V-förmig verbreitert. Die Sklerotisierung am hinteren Ende des 7. Sternits ist sackförmig.

Verbreitung
Vulcaniella fiordalisa ist im Mittelmeerraum von Portugal und Marokko bis zur Balkanhalbinsel und dem Libanon verbreitet.

Biologie
Die Raupen entwickeln sich an Helichrysum serotinum, Italienischer Strohblume (Helichrysum angustifolium), Mittelmeer-Strohblume (Helichrysum stoechas) und Phagnalon-Arten und minieren sowohl in den jungen als auch in den alten Blättern. Die Raupen leben von April bis Juni in einer Platzmine, die innen mit Seide ausgekleidet ist. Sie verpuppen sich in der Mine in einem sehr lockeren Gespinst. Falter wurden von Mai bis August gesammelt.

Systematik
Aus der Literatur sind folgende Synonyme bekannt:
 Stagmatophora fiordalisa , 1904
 Stagmatophora gnaphaliella , 1922

Belege

Weblinks
  Taxonomie, Erstbeschreibung

Cosmopterigidae
Prachtfalter

Vulcaniella fiordalisa


Zgrada Općine je građevina u Zvorniku.

Povijest
Podigla ju je austro-ugarska vlast 1886. godine. Bila je namijenjena državnoj upravi. Usporedno sa zgradom napravljen je park s prelijepom fontanom, a iza nove zgrade posađeni su mladi borovi. Sve do 1958. godine zgrada je bila sjedištem Zvorničkog kotara. Nakon što je te godine ugašen Zvornički kotar koji je pripojen Tuzlanskom, sjedište Narodnog odbora općine Zvornik premješteno je u ovu zgradu. Zgradu su stanovnici dugo zvali Konak. 1958. godine zgradi je sa sjevera dograđen novi prostor od sige s dvoranom za sjednice, pri čemu je zatvoren stari ulaz u zgradu, otvoren ovaj današnji. Zgrada je dugo godina udomljavala zatvor koji je bio u južnom dijelu, podalje od ulice. Zatvorsko dvorište opasano visokim kamenim zidom bilo je na mjestu današnjeg CJB-a i CIPS. U zgradi su danas službeni prostori općine odnosno Grada Zvornika.

Osobine
Zgrada ima jedan kat. Tipična je za druge austro-ugarske secesijske zgrade tog vremena. Zidovi su vrlo debeli, mjestimice i metar, zbog čega je ljeti ugodno unutra, a zimi znatno toplije nego vani. Hodnici su široki. Povezuju ih uski prolazi, gdje istovremeno ne mogu proći dvije osobe.

Izvori

Građevine u Zvorniku
Građevine u Bosni i Hercegovini
Bosna i Hercegovina pod Austro-Ugarskom
Arhitektura secesije u Bosni i Hercegovini

Zgrada Općine u Zvorniku


holy bible isthe book of christians.this book is divided.
==

ශීර්ෂ පෙළ
=====

ශීර්ෂ පෙළ
=====

ශීර්ෂ පෙළ
 =====
 =====
 ==

ශුද්ධවූ ලූක් තුමාගේ සුබ අස්න


The Sydney Film Festival is an annual competitive  film festival held in Sydney, Australia, usually over 12 days in June. A number of awards are given, the top one being the Sydney Film Prize.

, the festival's director is Nashen Moodley.

History
Influenced by the experience of Australian film makers with the Edinburgh Film Festival since 1947 and the festival connected with the annual meeting of the Australian Council of Film Societies held at Olinda in the Dandenong Ranges, Victoria in 1952, later Melbourne International Film Festival, a committee sprang from the Film Users Association of New South Wales to establish a film festival in Sydney. The committee included Alan Stout, Professor of Philosophy at The University of Sydney, filmmakers John Heyer and John Kingsford Smith, and Federation of Film Societies secretary David Donaldson. Under the direction of Donaldson, the inaugural festival opened on 11 June 1954 and was held over four days, with screenings at Sydney University. Attendance was at full capacity with 1,200 tickets sold at one guinea each.

By 1958, the festival attracted its first international sponsored guest, Paul Rotha, and advertising into the festival catalogue. The following year, the program expanded to seventeen days and by 1960 exceeded 2,000 subscribers with the introduction of the Opening Night feature film and party. Censorship difficulties arose in the mid-1960s and continued until such time as the festival was granted exemption from censorship in 1971.

From inception until 1967, the University remained the annual home of the festival. The following year, the festival moved to the Wintergarden in Rose Bay where it remained for the ensuing five years. The historic State Theatre became the home of the festival in 1974, and remains one of the festival venues to date. In 2007, the festival introduced a series of live gigs, shows and cabaret-style screening at the nearby Metro Theatre.

Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, the 2020 festival staged a reduced, online-only version, and in 2021 was delayed to open on 3 November with the audience limited first to 75 per cent capacity, increasing to 100 per cent from 8–21 November. The films were also available online.

Description
The competitive film festival draws international and local attention, with films being showcased in several venues across the city centre, and includes features, documentaries, short films, retrospectives, films for families and animations. Films are shown at venues across the Sydney central business district, with films shown at the Dendy Opera Quays, Event Cinemas in George Street, the Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney Town Hall, the Museum of Contemporary Art as well as the State Theatre.

 the festival's director is Nashen Moodley, who commenced in early 2012, replacing Clare Stewart.

Patrons of the festival include Gillian Armstrong, Cate Blanchett, Jane Campion, Nicole Kidman, Baz Luhrmann, George Miller, and Sam Neill among others.

Competition and film prizes
Although a small number of prizes existed from the mid–1980s, prior to 2007, the Sydney Film Festival was classified by the International Federation of Film Producers Associations (FIAPF) as a Non-Competitive Feature Film Festival. On 10 September 2007, the Festival announced it had received funding from the New South Wales Government to host an official international competition, which rewarded "new directions in film". The FIAFP has since classified the Sydney Film Festival as a Competitive Specialised Feature Film Festival. Members of the audience are able to vote for popular awards, as well as specific industry prizes awarded in the following categories ():
 Sydney Film Prize, worth

Sydney UNESCO City of Film Award:  cash prize

Documentary Australia Award for Australian documentary:  cash prize

Deutsche Bank Fellowship for First Nations Film Creatives:  grant
Sustainable Future Award:  cash prize

Dendy Awards for Australian Short Films:
Dendy Live Action Short Award:  cash prize
Rouben Mamoulian Award for Best Director (named after Armenian-American film and theatre director Rouben Mamoulian:  cash prize
Yoram Gross Animation Award:  cash prize
AFTRS Craft Award:  cash prize

Audience awards (announced in the week after the festival):
Audience Award for Best Fiction Feature
Audience Award for Best Documentary

Past awards have included:
 The CRC Award for Best Australian Feature-length Film with a Multicultural Perspective (presently sponsored by the Community Relations Commission For a Multicultural NSW) – established in 1992

 Peter Rasmussen Innovation Award – established in 2009

Winners of the Sydney Film Prize

Festival directors

 David Donaldson (1954–1957)
 Valwyn Edwards (1958)
 Sylvia Lawson and Robert Connell (1959)
 Lois Hunter (1960)
 Patricia Moore (1961)
 Ian Klava (1962–1965) – Inaugural full-time paid director
 David Stratton (1966–1983)

 Rod Webb(1984–1988)
 Paul Byrnes (1989–1998)
 Gayle Lake (1999–2004)
 Lynden Barber (2005–2006)
 Clare Stewart (2007–2011)
 Nashen Moodley (2012–present)

See also
Message Sticks Indigenous Film Festival

Bibliography

References

External links
 Official Site

1954 establishments in Australia
Film festivals established in 1954
Film festivals in Sydney

Sydney Film Festival


El Católico fue un periódico chileno editado en Ancud, fundado el 14 de junio de 1884 por el vicario capitular de Ancud Pbdo. Rafael Molina.

Considerado como una publicación con características de bisemanario, su orientación era de tendencia conservadora y tradicional religiosa, cuyo nacimiento vino a contrarrestar la influencia de El Chilote, periódico de corte liberal fundado el 3 de septiembre de 1868. Tomado como referente para la creación de proyectos periodísticos como El Llanquihue, su última edición fue el 21 de noviembre de 1891, pasando luego a denominarse El Austral, y posteriormente La Cruz del Sur.

Véase también

 El Liberal

Referencias

Periódicos en español
Periódicos desaparecidos de Chile
Publicaciones fundadas en 1884

El Católico


Christian Schöne ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Christian Schöne (Musicaldarsteller) (* 1979), deutscher Musicaldarsteller und Schauspieler
 Christian Schöne (Handballspieler) (* 1981), deutscher Handballspieler
 Christian Hermann Schöne (1763–1822), deutscher Jurist und Politiker

Christian Schöne


Nizhegoródskaya  es una stanitsa del raión de Apsheronsk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia. Está situada en las vertientes septentrionales del Cáucaso Occidental, en el curso medio del Kurdzhips, afluente del Bélaya, que lo es del Kubán, 25 km al sureste de Apsheronsk y 113 km al sureste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 472 habitantes en 2010

Es cabeza del municipio Nizhegoródskoye, al que pertenecen asimismo Guamka y Krasni Daguestán.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Нижегородская.
Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net .
Entrada a la localidad en Panoramio.

Localidades del raión de Apsheronsk del krai de Krasnodar

Nizhegoródskaya


Christina Crosby (2 de setembro de 1953 – 5 de janeiro de 2021) foi uma estudiosa e escritora americana. Ela nasceu em Huntingdon, Pensilvânia.

Seus trabalhos eram sobre literatura britânica do século XIX e estudos sobre deficiência. Ela foi a autora de The Ends of History: Victorians and "The Woman's Question" e A Body, Undone, um livro de memórias sobre sua vida depois que ela ficou paralisada em um acidente de bicicleta em 2003.

Ela passou sua carreira na Wesleyan University, onde foi professora de inglês e de estudos feministas, de gênero e sexualidade. Crosby, uma feminista, também era abertamente lésbica.

Crosby morreu em 5 de janeiro de 2021 em sua casa em Middletown, Connecticut, de câncer pancreático, aos 67 anos.

Referências

Pessoas com deficiência
Feministas lésbicas
Escritores LGBT
Acadêmicos dos Estados Unidos
Mortes por câncer de pâncreas
Mortos em 2021
Nascidos em 1953

Christina Crosby


O Fotbollsföreningen Jaro Jalkapalloseura, também conhecido como FF Jaro, é um clube de futebol finlandês com sede na cidade de Jakobstad. Foi fundado em 18 de dezembro de 1965 por um grupo de trabalhadores da Jakobstads Rostfria.

História
O Fotbollsföreningen Jaro Jalkapalloseura foi fundado em 18 de dezembro de 1965 por um grupo de trabalhadores da Jakobstads Rostfria, que resolveram criar um novo clube após a extinção do IF Drott. O primeiro jogo do Jaro foi contra o Lapuan Virki. Em 1966, qualificou-se para a Suomensarja, a segunda divisão do futebol finlandês daquela época.

O clube configurou em divisões inferiores durante as duas décadas seguintes. Porém, em 1990. obteve o acesso para a Veikkausliiga. Este, aliás, foi o auge do Jaro, uma vez que conquistou os títulos dos campeonatos nacionais de futsal e futebol feminino, além do vice-campeonato da Veikkausliiga de 1993.

Bibliografia

FF Jaro
FF Jaro

Fotbollsföreningen Jaro Jalkapalloseura


نفتوكينون أو بدقة أكثر 1، 4-نفتوكينون، هو مركب عضوي. يشكل بلورات صفراء ثلاثية الميل، وذو وائحة مشابهة للبنزوكينون. وهو صعب الانحلال في الماء البارد، وذواب إلى حدٍ ما في أثير البترول، وهو ذواب كلياً في معظم المذيبات العضوية القطبية. يعطي لوناً بني ضارب إلى الحمرة في المحاليل القلوية. وبسبب استقرارية حلقاته العطرية، فإن لمشتقات 1، 4-نفتوكينون خصائص مقاومة للبكتريا والأورام.
يشكل النفتوكينون البنية الكيميائية المركزية للعديد من المركبات الطبيعية، وخصوصا فيتامين ك.

انظر أيضاً
لوسون (صباغ)

ثبت المراجع

4 (1-نفثوكينونات)
أصبغة
مركبات عطرية متعددة الحلقات

4،1-نفثوكينون


La Academia de la Marina Mercante de los Estados Unidos (en inglés: United States Merchant Marine Academy, USMMA), también conocida como Kings Point, es una institución académica de educación superior para la formación de oficiales comisionados a la Marina Mercante de los Estados Unidos. Se ubica en Kings Point (Nueva York).

Es una de las 5 academias federales de servicio de los Estados Unidos, junto con la Academia Militar de los Estados Unidos, la Academia Naval de los Estados Unidos, la Academia de la Fuerza Aérea de los Estados Unidos y la Academia de la Guardia Costera de Estados Unidos.

Fue fundada en 1942.

Los estudiantes forman un regimiento de guardiamarinas, dividido en dos batallones y seis compañías: Primera, Segunda, Tercera, Cuarta, Quinta y Banda. Las compañías Primera y Segunda forman el Primer Batallón y las compañías Tercera, Cuarta y Quinta, el Segundo Batallón. Los estudiantes que llegan a la academia con conocimientos de instrumentos musicales suelen ser conducidos a la Banda Militar de AdlMM.

Deportes

Los Mariners compiten en la Landmark Conference de la División III de la NCAA, excepto en fútbol americano, donde se integran en la Liberty League. En Vela, deporte que no está incluido en la NCAA, compiten en la Middle Atlantic Intercollegiate Sailing Association de la Inter-Collegiate Sailing Association of North America y han ganado 15 campeonatos nacionales desde 1979, temporada en la que ganaron su primer título nacional.

Academia de la Marina Mercante de los Estados Unidos


Trafalgar Muharebesi, 21 Ekim 1805'te İngiliz donanması ile Fransız ve İspanyol donanmaları arasında, İspanya'nın güneyindeki Trafalgar burnunun batısında gerçekleşen deniz muharebesi. Muharebe, İngiliz donanmasının kayıpsız zaferi ile sonuçlanmıştır.

Olayların gelişimi

15 yıl süren Napolyon Savaşları'nın kaderini etkileyen en önemli muharebelerden biri olan Trafalgar Muharebesi, Fransız ve İspanyol donanmalarının ağır yenilgisi ile sonuçlanmıştır. Fransız ve İspanyol donanmaları toplamda 39 adet olan gemilerinin 22'sini kaybederken Amiral Horatio Nelson kumandasındaki 21 gemilik İngiliz donanması kayıp vermemiştir. Ağır yaralanan Nelson, sonradan ölmüştür.

Sonuçları

Bu yenilgi ile Napolyon'un Büyük Britanya'yı işgal hayalleri suya düşmüştür. İngiliz donanması 18. yüzyılda ele geçirdiği deniz hakimiyetini bu zaferle pekiştirmiştir.

Kültür

Londra'nın merkezindeki Trafalgar Meydanı ismini bu zaferden almıştır ve meydanın göbeğinde Amiral Nelson'un devasa bir sütun üzerindeki heykeli bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

 Oxford İngilizce Sözlük 2e, 2003, Battle of Trafalgar maddesi

Napolyon Savaşları'nda deniz muharebeleri
İspanya'nın deniz muharebeleri
Fransa'nın deniz muharebeleri
Birleşik Krallık'ın deniz muharebeleri
1805'te Avrupa
1805'te çatışmalar

Trafalgar Muharebesi


Vidkun Abraham Lauritz Jonssøn Quisling kısaca Vidkun Quisling (18 Temmuz 1887 –  24 Ekim 1945), Norveçli politikacı ve Nasyonal Samling genel başkanı. 1940-1945 arasında ülkesini işgal eden Naziler ile iş birliği yaptı. Norveç'in Alman işgali sırasında 9 Nisan 1940 tarihinde, Nazi destekli darbe ile iktidarı ele geçirdi. 1 Şubat 1942'de Norveç başbakanı oldu. 13 Şubat 1942'de Adolf Hitler ile yüz yüze görüşme gerçekleştirdi, Hitler ile olan görüşmelerinde Norveç'in yönetimi konusunda tavsiyeler ve emirler aldı. 1942'den itibaren 1945'de Nazilerin Kuzey Avrupa'dan tamamen çekilişine kadar Nazilerle iş birliğini sürdürdü.

Hayatı
Ukrayna'da yaşanan 1921-1922 Sovyet Kıtlığı sırasında Fridtjof Nansen ile çalıştı. Fridtjof Nansen'in isteği üzerine, bir kez daha bu kez Norveç'i bırakarak, Ocak 1922 yılında orada insani yardım çalışmalarına yardımcı olmak için Ukrayna'nın başkenti Kiev'e geldi. 1929 yılında Norveç'e döndü ve Peder Kolstad (1931-32) ve Jens Hundseid (1932-33) hükûmetleri döneminde Savunma Bakanı olarak görev yaptı.

Vatana ihanet ve ölüm cezası
II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra Mollergata 19'dan Hücre 12'ye aktarıldı. Oslo'daki ana karakolda, Hücresinde küçük bir masa, bir lavabo ve tuvalet kovası için duvarda bir delik ile donatılmıştır. On hafta boyunca sürekli intihar girişimlerini önlemek için gözaltında izlendikten sonra, yasal tasfiye parçası olarak ve beklenen davalar için Akershus Kalesi'ne nakledildi. Başlangıçta kilo kaybetmesi ve Polinevrit'e muzdarip olmasına rağmen yargılandı. 20 Ağustos 1945'te mahkemesi başladı. 10 Eylül 1945'te mahkeme kararını açıklayarak, Quisling bir avuç küçük suçlama dışında tüm suçlamalardan suçlu bulundu ve ölüme mahkum etti. Ekim ayında Yüksek Mahkeme'ye yapılan itiraz reddedildi. Zimmete para geçirme, cinayet ve vatana ihanet gibi suçlamalardan suçlu bulundu. Karar, kararı onayan Yargıtay'a temyiz edildi. Diğer iki NS lideri Albert Viljam Hagelin ve Ragnar Skancke ile birlikte ölüme mahkum edildi. 24 Ekim 1945 tarihinde Akershus Kalesinin idam mangası tarafından kurşuna dizilerek idam edildi. İnfaz gece 02:40'ta gerçekleştirildi ve elektrik aydınlatması kullanıldı. İdam mangası, yaklaşık 8 metre uzaktan ateş eden 10 kişiden oluşuyordu, komutan sonunda Quisling'i şakağından tabancayla vurdu. İki doktor, kalpten sekiz merminin geçtiğini belirledi. İdam edilmeden önce son sözleri: "Haksız yere mahkûm edildim ve masum bir şekilde ölüyorum" oldu. Ceset yakılmak üzere hemen krematoryuma gönderildi. Cesedi yakıldı ve külleri Fyresdal'da defnedildi. 1 Haziran 1959'da küllerinin bulunduğu vazo, ebeveynlerin Gjerpen'deki mezar yerine yerleştirildi.

Terminolojik mirası
Başka bir devletin politikasına, felsefesine sempati duyan ve savaş durumunda saldırgan devlete katılarak ve iş birliği yaparak kendi ülkesi aleyhine çalışan kişi. Bu kavram, bir süre Norveç'teki Faşist Parti'nin lideri olan ve II. Dünya Savaşı'nda Hitler'in ordularının ülkesini işgal etmesi sırasında Alman çıkarlarına hizmet eden bir hükûmet kuran Vidkun Quisling'in adından türemiştir.

Kaynakça

1887 doğumlular
1945 yılında ölenler
Norveç savunma bakanları
Norveçli siyasetçiler
II. Dünya Savaşı siyasi liderleri
Kurşuna dizilerek idam edilmiş kişiler
İdam edilmiş siyasetçiler
Ateşli silahtan ölenler

Vidkun Quisling


Der Molenbeek ist ein Bach in der belgischen Provinz Ostflandern in der Denderstreek. Er hat eine Länge von etwa 22 km. Die Quelle der Molenbeek liegt in Grotenberge und die Mündung in Wichelen in die Schelde. Nicht zu verwechseln mit der Molenbeek-Ter Erpenbeek, der auch durch Erpe-Mere (und Herzele) fließt.

Einzugsgebiet

Das Einzugsgebiet der Molenbeek befindet sich in der Provinz Ostflandern und erstreckt sich hauptsächlich über das Gebiet der Gemeinden Wichelen (Schellebelle, Serskamp, Wichelen), Lede (Wanzele, Impe, Smetlede, Papegem, Lede, Oordegem), Erpe-Mere (Erondegem, Vlekkem, Ottergem, Bambrugge und sein Weiler Egem, Burst) und Herzele (Borsbeke, Herzele, Ressegem, Hillegem). Das Einzugsgebiet besteht im Süden aus einem kleinen Teil der Gemeinde Zottegem (Grotenberge, Leeuwergem) und läuft im Westen über die Grenze in das Gebiet der Gemeinde Sint-Lievens-Houtem (Vlierzele, Zonnegem, Letterhoutem).

Der Molenbeek ist ein Teil des Einzugsgebiets der Drie Molenbeken. Die Drie Molenbeken sind Zuflüsse der Bovenschelde. Das Einzugsgebiet der Molenbeek hat eine Fläche von etwa 5276 Hektar und liegt im Einzugsgebiet Bovenschelde. Der Molenbeek mündet in Wichelen im Bovenschelde.

Von die Quelle in Grotenberge bis zur Mündung in der Nähe von Wichelen hat der Molenbeek folgende Zuflüsse: Valleibeek, Fonteinbeek, Doormansbeek, Kasteelgracht, Hellegat, Smoorbeek, Kokelaarsbeek, Zijpbeek, Trotgracht, Overimpebeek, Beekveldzijp, Wellebeek und Vijverbeek.

Mühlen
An der Molenbeek liegen in der Gemeinde Erpe-Mere drei Mühlen. Die De Watermeulen in Ottergem steht unter Denkmalschutz. Die Egemmolen in Bambrugge wurde größtenteils zerstört, von ihr ist nur das Müllerhaus erhalten. Die Molens Van Sande in Bambrugge wurde neuzeitlich überbaut und wird  als industrielle Mahlmühle genutzt.

Weblinks und Quellen
 Lage Einzugsgebiet: die Drie Molenbeken (PDF; 316 kB)

Herzele
Sint-Lievens-Houtem
Wichelen
Zottegem

Molenbeek (Erpe-Mere Bovenschelde)


El Vusta Bölgesi (Arapça: منطقة الوسطى), Umman'ın 9 yönetim bölgesinden birisidir.

Ülkenin orta kısmında bulunan bölgenin yönetim merkezi Hayma şehridir. Yüzölçümü 79.700 km², 2010 yılı nüfusu ise 32.746'dır.

El Vusta bölgesi'nde; Hayma, Duqm, Mahout ve Al Jazer vilayetleri bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça

Umman'ın valilikleri
El Vusta Bölgesi

Vüsta


An Indocalamus emeiensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Cheng De Chu ngan Chi Son Chao. An Indocalamus emeiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Indocalamus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Indocalamus

Indocalamus emeiensis


Otto Separy (Kubila, 5 de agosto de 1957) é um ministro da Papua Nova Guiné e bispo católico romano de Bereina.

Em 17 de junho de 1991, Otto Separy foi ordenado sacerdote para a diocese de Wewak.

Papa Bento XVI nomeou-o em 2 de julho de 2007 Bispo Titular de Pupiana e Bispo Auxiliar de Aitape. O Bispo de Aitape, Austen Robin Crapp OFM, deu-lhe a consagração episcopal em 30 de outubro do mesmo ano; Os co-consagradores foram o Arcebispo Francisco Montecillo Padilla, Núncio Apostólico em Papua Nova Guiné, e Anthony Joseph Burgess, Bispo de Wewak.

Em 9 de junho de 2009, Bento XVI o nomeou Bispo de Aitape.

Em 16 de julho de 2019, o Papa Francisco o nomeou Bispo de Bereina. A posse ocorreu em 25 de setembro de 2019.

Ver também

Bispos católicos de Papua-Nova Guiné

Otto Separy


Margarita Alieva  est une taekwondoïste russe.

Biographie
Margarita Alieva est médaillée de bronze dans la catégorie des moins de 53 kg aux Championnats du monde féminins de taekwondo 2021 à Riyad.

Références

Taekwondoïste (femme) russe

Margarita Alieva


(4292) Aoba ist ein Hauptgürtelasteroid, der am 4. November 1989 vom japanischen Astronomen Masahiro Koishikawa an der Ayashi Station des Sendai Astronomical Observatory in Sendai entdeckt wurde.

Weblinks

Hauptgürtelasteroid unter 50 km Durchmesser

(4292) Aoba


المعهد العالي للإعلامية بالمهدية هو إحدى المؤسسات العليا التابعة لجامعة المنستير، وقد أحدث بمقتضى الأمر عدد 2004-1391 المؤرخ في 22 جوان 2004.

أرقام
طبقا لأرقام السنة الدراسية 2007-2008 يدرس به 1120 طالبا من بينهم 417 طالبة.

الشهادات
يحصل الطالب المتخرج من المعهد على إحدى الشهادتين التاليتين:
 الشهادة الجامعية في تكنولوجيا أمن الإعلامية
 الشهادة الجامعية في تكنولوجيا الشبكات الإعلامية
 الإجازة التطبيقية في الإعلامية : الأنظمة الإعلامية والبرامج
 الإجازة التطبيقية في الشبكات الإعلامية: تكنولوجيات الشبكات الإعلامية

شعار المعهد العالي للإعلامية بالمهدية

وصلة خارجية
 موقع المعهد العالي للإعلامية بالمهدية.

التعليم في تونس
تعليم عال
جامعة المنستير
معاهد علمية

المعهد العالي للإعلامية بالمهدية


The Ecologist Greens (, , OP) are a Greek green political party. They are a member of the European Green Party.

History
The Ecological Forum, the body that lead to the establishment of the party, was founded after a proposal of the local group Ecological Movement of Thessaloniki (), and brought together the political party "Green Politics" (, Prasini Politiki), the previous Greek member of the European Green Party, with other local ecological groups and independent ecologists.

On 7–8 December 2002, the Ecological Forum called for a conference that convened in the building of the Athens Lawyer Association, and it decided to establish the Ecologists Greens and elected an 18-member council to coordinate the establishment of a new political entity. In the coming months, focus groups were created to shape the constitution and the political positions of the body, which were adopted by the first congress of the party in May 2003 at Panteion University.

2004 European elections
The 2004 Ecologists Greens participated for the first time in elections 2004 European Elections with Michalis Tremopoulos in the top of the list and they received 0.67%.

2006 local elections
In the prefectural elections of 2006, the Ecologists Greens supported the "Ecology -Solidarity" in Thessaloniki, that won 4.6% and acquired 2 seats on the Prefecture Council of Thessaloniki (Tremopoulos Michalis and Gogakou Dimitra), the "Eco-Athens" in the municipality of Athens, that took 1.4% of the votes, as well as 53 other municipal and County sets in rest of the country.

2007 national elections
At its 5th Congress in March 2007, the party decided to contest the 2007 Greek legislative election. Nanos Valaoritis, a distinguished living Greek poet, became the party's leading candidate in the 2007 Greek legislative election.

2008 Congress
During 29 & 30 of March 2008 the annual congress of the party took place in Athens at the Gini building of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). The annual congress is the highest political entity of the party and was attended by a record of 235 members. Members of the party are recently (September 2008) reaching 700. With the 2007 Greek legislative election, its first general election, the party became the sixth largest party in Greece and the largest party without parliamentary representation.

2009 European and national elections
In the December 6-7-8 Party General Assembly it was decided to contest the 2009 European Elections and the list of party candidates was elected. The Ecologists Greens managed to elect Michalis Tremopoulos as MEP, but they narrowly failed to gain representation in the following national elections in October 2009. Nevertheless, their share of the vote increased to 2.53% gaining approximately 100,000 more votes than in 2007.

January 2015 national elections
In January 2015, the Ecologists Greens decided to collaborate with SYRIZA. Alexis Tsipras' called for unity against the Memorandum and the Ecologists Greens decided to support SYRIZA's electoral list for the upcoming legislative election. One Ecologist Green MP was elected on the SYRIZA ticket, Giorgos Dimaras, and an Ecologist Green, Giannis Tsironis, was appointed Alternate Minister of Environment and Energy in the first Tsipras Cabinet.

September 2015 national elections
Giorgos Dimaras was reelected and Giannis Tsironis was elected for the first time. Tsironis was reappointed Alternate Minister of Environment in the second Tsipras cabinet on 23 September 2015.

On the September 2018 cabinet reshuffle, Giorgos Dimaras was appointed Vice Minister of Environment.

Aims
The basic principles of the Ecologists Greens, as determined by their constitution are: sustainability, social justice, nonviolence, direct and participatory democracy, respect for diversity, decentralization and subsidiarity, protect and restore natural ecosystems, the quality of life, personal & social responsibility, equity and anti-austerity.

Election results

Hellenic Parliament

Other elections

Affiliations
European Green Party

References

External links

Green political parties in Greece
European Green Party
2002 in Greek politics
2002 establishments in Greece
Political parties established in 2002
Global Greens member parties

Ecologist Greens


Högel (Danca: Høgel, Frizce: Höögel), Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Nordfriesland iline bağlı yerleşim yeri. 16,28 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Aralık 2015 itibarıyla yaklaşık 455 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kilometrekare başına yaklaşık 28 kişilik bir nüfus yoğunluğuna sahiptir. Belediye Başkanlığı Ernst-Peter Carstensen tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 http://www.hoegel-nf.de

Kaynakça

Nordfriesland iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Högel


Herfast est un prélat chrétien mort en 1084. Il est évêque d'Est-Anglie de 1070 à sa mort. Son siège est d'abord situé à North Elmham, puis à Thetford.

Biographie

Originaire du duché de Normandie, Herfast sert comme chapelain auprès du duc Guillaume le Conquérant. Après la conquête normande de l'Angleterre, en 1066, il apparaît en tant que chancelier sur plusieurs chartes émises par Guillaume en 1068 et 1069.

Plusieurs évêques anglais sont déposés en 1070, parmi lesquels l'évêque d'Elmham Æthelmær, dont le diocèse s'étend sur l'Est-Anglie. Herfast est choisi pour lui succéder. Il décide rapidement de déplacer le siège de son évêché, car l'église de North Elmham n'est pas suffisamment grande pour refléter son statut, et s'installe à Thetford. Il ambitionne de faire de l'abbaye de Bury St Edmunds son siège, mais ses ambitions sont déjouées par l'abbé , qui fait appel à l'archevêque de Cantorbéry Lanfranc et au pape  pour défendre son indépendance vis-à-vis de l'évêque. Le roi tranche leur querelle en faveur de l'abbaye en 1081.

Herfast meurt en 1084. Son conflit avec l'abbaye de Bury St Edmunds explique la mauvaise réputation posthume dont il souffre chez les chroniqueurs anglais, dont beaucoup sont des moines. Guillaume de Malmesbury le noircit en le décrivant comme un rustre dépourvu d'éducation. En revanche, l'archidiacre Hermann de Bury, qui a fait partie de l'entourage de Herfast avant de devenir moine, dresse un portrait plus indulgent de l'évêque, celui d'un homme bien intentionné mais égaré par de mauvais conseils.

Références

Bibliographie

 .

Lien externe

Décès en 1084
Évêque d'Elmham
Évêque du XIe siècle
Lord chancelier d'Angleterre

Herfast


Kapıkaya, Samsun ilinin Bafra ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahalle, 1911 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Samsun il merkezine 83 km, Bafra ilçe merkezine 33 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Bafra'nın mahalleleri

Kapıkaya, Bafra


La ciudad de Alwar (en rajastaní: अलवर), reconocida por sus paisajes idílicos, es el centro administrativo del distrito del mismo nombre, y fue en la antigüedad capital del estado principesco de Alwar o Ulwar durante la India británica.

La ciudad se encuentra a unos 160 kilómetros al sur de Nueva Delhi y a unos 150 kilómetros al norte de la capital de Rajastán, Jaipur. Alwar se encuentra a una altitud de unos 271 metros y tiene una población de unos 170.000 habitantes.

Historia
En un principio, cuando fue formada la ciudad, era conocida como Ulwar. Pero como este nombre le colocaba en la última posición en las listas ordenadas alfabéticamente, el rey cambió su nombre por el de Alwar para que ocupara el primer lugar. El estado principesco de Alwar fue fundado por Pratap Singh, un Rajput del linaje de los Kachwaha, en la segunda mitad del . Su hijo adoptivo, Bakhtawar Singh, ayudó a los británicos contra los Marathas. Después de la batalla de Laswari (1803), Alwar se convirtió en el primer estado de Rajputana sellando así el tratado de la "Alianza de ofensiva y defensiva" con la compañía de las indias orientales. Unos años después, Baktawar Singh se atrevió a realizar una incursión armada dentro de su vecina Jaipur, el antiguo estado de Kachwaha. Bakhtawar Singh fue derrotado. Más tarde se le prohibió ningún tipo de relaciones políticas con otros estados sin el consentimiento de los británicos. Durante el motín de Sepoy en 1857, Raoraja Bane Singh envió una fuerza formada principalmente por musulmanes y rajputs, para aliviar a la guarnición británica en Agra.

Los musulmanes abandonaron y el resto fue derrotado por los rebeldes.

Después de la independencia de la India en 1947, Alwar accedió a formar parte del país. El 18 de marzo de 1948, el estado se fusionó con tres estados principescos vecinos (Bharatpur, Dholpur y Karauli) para así formar la Unión Matsya. Esta unión se fusionó más tarde con la India. El 15 de mayo de 1949, fue unido con otros estados principescos así como con el territorio de Ajmer formando de esta manera el actual estado de Rajastán.

Jai Dayal Yaday y el primer ministro de la unión Matsya, Shobha Ram Kumawat, jugaron un papel muy importante para llevar educación a las áreas más rurales de Alwar después de la independencia.

Atractivos turísticos
En Alwar se puede disfrutar de interesantes monumentos históricos. Está rodeada por una muralla, un foso y dispone de una fortaleza, así como de espléndidos palacios.

El Santuario Nacional de Sariska está localizado en las colinas de Aravalli, a tan solo unos pocos kilómetros de Alwar. Este santuario, el cual es reserva protegida de tigres, acoge a gran cantidad de especies, especialmente pájaros y plantas.

Fairy Queen
El Fairy Queen tiene el motor más antiguo del mundo que todavía está en funcionamiento. El motor fue construido en el año 1855 y fue adquirido por el ferrocarril de la india oriental a una empresa británica. Ahora el tren es un gran y famoso medio de transporte que sale de Delhi y llega hasta Alwar. Este tren ha ganado el premio nacional de turismo debido a este servicio, dándonos una idea sobre la importancia de los servicios que presta. Este viaje en tren pasa además por el famoso santuario de vida salvaje de Alwar, el parque nacional de Sariska.

Gastronomía
En Alwar se hace un dulce llamado Milkcake, que aunque es famoso también en otros lugares, se exporta desde aquí a otros sitios. También se dedican a la elaboración de aceite de semillas, a la porcelana y al algodón.

Referencias
Contenido extraído de Viaje por India, contenido bajo la licencia CC-BY-SA 3.0.

Localidades de Rajastán

Alwar


Der Ausdruck Straatvaart (deutsch: Straßenfahrt) bezeichnet die Handelsfahrten der Niederländer in den Mittelmeerraum des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts. Der Terminus wird von der Straße von Gibraltar abgeleitet, die für die westeuropäischen Seemächte den Zugang zum Mittelmeer darstellte.

16. Jahrhundert
Die frühe Phase der Straatvaart begann in den 1580er Jahren durch Antwerpener Kaufleute. Nach der Besetzung der Stadt durch habsburgisch-spanische Truppen im Zuge des Konfessionskonflikts (1585) wurde die Straatvaart vor allem von Amsterdam aber auch von Hoorn aus weitergeführt. Die wichtigsten Handelspartner im Mittelmeerraum waren zunächst die italienischen Städte Venedig, Genua und Livorno. In den 1590er Jahren beruhte die Straatvaart hauptsächlich auf Getreidelieferungen an diese Stadtrepubliken, da in Italien aufgrund Missernten wiederholt Hungersnöte ausbrachen. Um die Jahrhundertwende drangen die Niederländer bis in die Levante vor und nahmen den Handel mit dem Osmanischen Reich auf.

17. Jahrhundert
In der zweiten Phase im 17. Jahrhundert sank die Nachfrage nach Getreide in Italien, und der niederländische Export verlagerte sich auf Textilwaren (vor allem Leinen, Wolle), Fisch und Güter aus dem Überseehandel. Vor allem mit den Textilien trat die Straatvaart zunehmend in eine starke Konkurrenz englischer und französischer Kaufleute. Die niederländischen Kaufleute behaupteten sich, indem sie auch Transportfahrten innerhalb des Mittelmeerraums ausführten. Insbesondere die zweite Hälfte der 1640er Jahre brachte der Straatvaart eine Blütezeit, da die Konkurrenz Englands, bedingt durch deren Bürgerkrieg, deutlich eingeschränkt wurde.
Im Zuge des achtzigjährigen Unabhängigkeitskrieges der Niederlande brachten spanische Kaperschiffe und barbareskische Piraten bei Gibraltar und im Alborán-Meer eine stete Bedrohung mit. Dies führte wiederholt zu militärischen Interventionen. Ein wichtiges Ereignis hierzu bezeichnet die Schlacht bei Gibraltar (1607) mit dem Sieg  gegen ein größeres Geschwader spanischer Kriegsschiffe.

Bedeutung und Auswirkungen
Mit dem zunehmenden Überseehandel verlor die Straatvaart allmählich ihre Bedeutung, kann aber insgesamt als ein wichtiger Teil des niederländischen Gesamthandels des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts betrachtet werden.
Nebst der Straatvaart wurden weiterhin die Landwege über den Brennerpass und durch das heutige Deutschland verwendet, wobei diese je nach Bedrohungslage des Seeweges zeitweiligen Aufschwünge verzeichneten.
Die Straatvaart führte zu einer diasporaartigen Kommunenbildung niederländischer Kaufleute in italienischen Städten. In Amsterdam kam es zu Niederlassungen italienischer, osmanischer, griechischer, jüdischer und armenischer Kaufleute. Der kulturelle und geistige Austausch, den der niederländische und mediterrane Raum durch die Straatvaart erfuhren, war in Bezug auf die Produkte der Renaissance von hoher Bedeutung. Beispiele waren die bildende Kunst sowie humanistische Strömungen.

Literatur
 Van Gelder, Maartje: Trading Places. The Netherlandish Merchants in early modern Venice. Leiden 2009.
 Van Dillen, Johannes G. Van Rijkdom en Regenten: Handboek tot de economische en  sociale geschiedenis van Nederland tijdens de Republiek. Den Haag 1970.

Geschichte der Niederlande in der Frühen Neuzeit
Geschichte der Seefahrt
Schifffahrtsgeschichte (Mittelmeer)
Schifffahrt (Frühe Neuzeit)
Wirtschaftsgeschichte (Niederlande)
Schifffahrtsgeschichte (Niederlande)

Straatvaart


කලාසුරි හබරකඩගේ ඇලෝසියස් පෙරේරා (1950 මැයි 10 - 2010 පෙබරවාරි 4), හෙවත් එච්. ඒ. පෙරේරා, යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකා සිනමාවේ, වේදිකාවේ සහ රූපවාහිනියේ නළුවෙකි. විචාරකයින් විසින් ශ්‍රී ලාංකේය වේදිකාවේ ආධිපත්‍යය දැරූ නළුවන් පස් දෙනාගෙන් කෙනෙකු ලෙස ඔහු සැලකේ.

පෞද්ගලික ජීවිතය
පෙරේරා 1950 මැයි 10 වන දින ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කොළඹ හි පස් දෙනෙකුගෙන් යුත් පවුලක දෙවන දරුවා ලෙස උපත ලැබීය. ඔහුගේ මව පලාගමේ ආරච්චිගේ මේරි තෙරේසා වූ අතර පියා හබරකඩගේ වින්සන්ට් පෙරේරාය. ඔහු මෝදර ශාන්ත ජේම්ස් ප්‍රාථමික විද්‍යාලයෙන් ප්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනය ආරම්භ කළේය. දෙවැනි ශ්‍රේණිය දක්වා එම පාසලේම ඉගෙනුම ලැබූ ඔහු තෙවැනි ශ්‍රේණියේ සිට මෝදර ද ලාසාල් විද්‍යාලයට ඇතුළත් විය. ද ලාසාල් විද්‍යාලයේ සාමාන්‍ය පෙළ දක්වා අධ්‍යාපනය ලැබූ ඔහු උසස් පෙළ හැදෑරීමට කොටහේන මධ්‍ය මහා විද්‍යාලයට ඇතුළත් විය.

පෙරේරා 2010 පෙබරවාරි 4 වැනි දින වයස අවුරුදු 59 දී කෙටි අසනීපයකින් පසු රෝහලේදී මිය ගියේය. ඔහුගේ දේහය 2010 පෙබරවාරි 5 සිට ජයරත්න මල් ශාලාවේ තැන්පත් කර තිබූ අතර අවසන් කටයුතු 2010 පෙබරවාරි 7 වැනි දින සවස 5.00 ට මෝදර මාදම්පිටිය සුසාන භූමියේදී සිදු කරන ලදී. ඔහු ජීවත් වූයේ ඔහුගේ සහෝදරිය සමගිනි.

වෘත්තීය ජීවිතය
පෙරේරා උසස් අධ්‍යාපන පාසල් කිහිපයක් හරහා ගොස් ලන්ඩනයේ අධ්‍යාපනය සම්පූර්ණ කළේය. ඔහු මුලින්ම ගාමිණී හත්තෙට්ටුවගමගේ වීදි නාට්‍ය කණ්ඩායමට බැඳුණු අතර ඔහුගේ ප්‍රථම වේදිකා නාට්‍යය "වෙඩික්කාරයෝ" නිර්මාණය කළේය. 1973 දී ඔහු සිය පළමු නාට්‍ය කණ්ඩායමට සම්බන්ධ විය. පෙරේරා සංගීතය හැදෑරීමට ධම්ම ජාගොඩ විසින් ලයනල් වෙන්ඩ්ට් කලා මධ්‍යස්ථානය පවත්වන ලද රංග ශිල්ප ශාලිකා හා සම්බන්ධ වූ නමුත් ඔහුගේ වෘත්තිය රංගනයට වෙනස් විය.

ඔහුගේ පළමු කෙටි වේදිකා නාට්‍යය වූයේ රජ්ජුරුවෝ උඩයි උඩයි ය. ඉන්පසු බෝසත් දැක්ම, රජ දැක්ම, ස්පාටකස්, වැඩකාරයෝ, ජුලියස් සීසර් වැනි වේදිකා නාට්‍යවල ඔහු රඟපෑවේය. ඔහු නිරිඇල්ලගේ පළමු චිත්‍රපටය වන ''පලමුවේණියා සහ අවසානය'' හි ප්‍රධාන චරිතය වූ "ජේසු" ලෙස රගපෑවේය. 1987 දී, ඔහු වඩාත් හොඳින් මතකයේ රැඳී සිටින චිත්‍රපටයේ පෙනී සිටියේය. ඒ සුමිත්‍රා පීරිස්ගේ  සාගර ජලය මදි හැඩුවා ඔබ හින්දා. නිරිඇල්ලගේ වේදිකා නාට්‍යවල සංගීතය අධ්‍යක්ෂණය කළ ඔහු ජන කරළියේ පළමු උපදේශකවරයා විය. 1981 යෞවන නාට්‍ය සම්මාන උලෙළේදී පෙරේරා හොඳම සංගීත අධ්‍යක්‍ෂණයට හිමි සම්මානය "නුඹ විටක් තල එඬළුයි" නාට්‍ය සඳහා දිනාගත් අතර ඉන්පසුව 1990 වසරේ "සාගර ජලය මැද හාදුව" චිත්‍රපටය වෙනුවෙන් හොඳම නළුවාට හිමි සරසවිය සම්මානය දිනා ගත්තේය. 1996 වසරේ "වරෙන්තුව" වේදිකා නාට්‍යය වෙනුවෙන් හොඳම නළුවාට හිමි රාජ්‍ය නාට්‍ය සම්මානය හිමි විය.

පෙරේරා 1982 දී "ජනේලයන් ඒ අමුතා" චිත්‍රපටයේ චරිතයක් සමඟින් රූපවාහිනියට පිවිසියේය. ඉන්පසුව, පෙරේරා දූ දරුවෝ, ඉංගම්මාරුව, නැදෑයෝ, යශෝරාවය, කඳ ඉමා,  යන ටෙලි නාට්‍යවල පෙනී සිටියේය. සෙනෙහෙවන්තයෝ, සූරිය දරුවෝ තවත් අය අතර. විශේෂයෙන්ම "දූ දරුවෝ" කතා මාලාවේ "මිස්ටර් ඩයස්" ගේ චරිතය කලක් සමාජයට ලංවූ අපූර්ව චරිතයකි.

චිත්‍රපටකරණය

References

External links

එච්.ඒ පෙරේරා චරිතාපදානය

ශ්‍රී ලාංකික නළුවෝ
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික අධ්‍යක්ෂවරු
සිංහල ජනයා

එච්. ඒ. පෙරේරා


Rezhet  es un posiólok del raión de Apsheronsk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia. Está situada en las vertientes septentrionales del Cáucaso Occidental, en la orilla izquierda del río Psheja (a la altura de la desembocadura en él del Rezhet), afluente del Bélaya, que lo es del Kubán, 31 km al sur de Apsheronsk y 109 km al sureste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Tenía 7 habitantes en 2010

Pertenece al municipio Otdaliónnoye.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Режет.
Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net .

Localidades del raión de Apsheronsk del krai de Krasnodar

Rezhet


Number 617 Squadron is a Royal Air Force aircraft squadron, originally based at RAF Scampton in Lincolnshire and currently based at RAF Marham in Norfolk. It is commonly known as "The Dambusters", for its actions during Operation Chastise against German dams during the Second World War. In the early 21st century it operated the Panavia Tornado GR4 in the ground attack and reconnaissance role until being disbanded on 28 March 2014. The Dambusters reformed on 18 April 2018, and was equipped at RAF Marham in June 2018 with the Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning, becoming the first squadron to be based in the UK with this advanced V/STOL type. The unit is composed of both RAF and Royal Navy personnel, and operates from the Royal Navy's  aircraft carriers.

History

Between the wars
According to the squadron's entry in Flying Units of the RAF by Alan Lake, No. 617 Squadron was allocated the unit identification code MZ for the period April to September 1939, even though the unit did not actually exist at the time.

Second World War
The squadron was formed under great secrecy at RAF Scampton during the Second World War on 21 March 1943 on Avro Lancaster heavy bombers. It included Royal Canadian Air Force, Royal Australian Air Force and Royal New Zealand Air Force personnel and was formed for the specific task of attacking three major dams that contributed water and power to the Ruhr industrial region in Germany: the Möhne, Eder and Sorpe. The plan was given the codename Operation Chastise and carried out on 17 May 1943. The squadron had to develop the tactics to deploy Barnes Wallis's "Bouncing bomb", and undertook some of its training over the dams of the Upper Derwent Valley in Derbyshire, as the towers on the dam walls were similar to those to be found on some of the target dams in Germany.

The squadron's badge, approved by King George VI, depicts the bursting of a dam in commemoration of Chastise. The squadron's chosen motto was , a humorous double entendre on a famous saying of Madame de Pompadour to King Louis XV, made on the loss at the Battle of Rossbach by the French. The original commander of No. 617 Squadron, Wing Commander Guy Gibson, was awarded the Victoria Cross for his part in the raid.

After the raid, Gibson was withdrawn from flying (due to the high number of raids he had been on) and went on a publicity tour. Wing Commander George Holden became commanding officer (CO) in July, but he was shot down and killed on his fourth mission, Operation Garlic in September 1943, in an attack on the Dortmund-Ems Canal; he had four of Gibson's crew with him. H. B. "Mick" Martin took command temporarily, before Leonard Cheshire took over as CO. Cheshire developed and personally took part in the special target marking techniques required, which went far beyond the precision delivered by the standard Pathfinder units – by the end he was marking the targets from a Mustang fighter. He was also awarded the VC.

On 15 July 1943, 12 aircraft of the squadron took off from Scampton to attack targets in Northern Italy. All aircraft attacked and proceeded to North Africa without loss. The targets were San Polo d'Enza and Arquata Scrivia power stations; it was hoped that the attacks would delay German troops who were travelling down into Italy on the electrified railway system to support the Italian front. The operation met little opposition but the targets were obscured by valley haze and were not destroyed. The 12 crews returned to Scampton on 25 July from North Africa after bombing Leghorn docks on the return journey. The raid on Leghorn Docks was not a great success, due to mist shrouding the target. On 29 July 1943 nine aircraft took off from Scampton to drop leaflets on Milan, Bologna, Genoa and Turin in Italy. All aircraft completed the mission and landed safely in Blida, North Africa.

The UK Government considered using No. 617 Squadron to target the Italian leader Mussolini in July or August 1943. The British believed if Mussolini was killed it might take Italy out of the war. It would have been a flight carried out at extremely low level with the targets of Mussolini's headquarters and residence in Rome. Neither of these targets were within 1,500 yards of the Vatican, which the Allies had promised not to damage. However within two weeks of the plan being suggested, Mussolini was ousted by his opponents and replaced by Pietro Badoglio, leading to an armistice with the Allies in September.

Throughout the rest of the war, the squadron continued in a specialist and precision-bombing role, including the use of the enormous "Tallboy" and "Grand Slam" ground-penetrating earthquake bombs, on targets such as concrete U-boat shelters and bridges. Several failed attempts were made on The Dortmund-Ems Canal in 1943 (Operation Garlic); it was finally breached with Tallboys in September 1944.

In March 1945 the squadron used the Grand Slam bomb for the first time, against the Bielefeld viaduct, wrecking it. The viaduct had withstood 54 previous attacks without being permanently neutralized.

The Squadron's skills in precision flying were also utilized in the Normandy invasion, as part of a massive effort to deceive the Germans as to the actual location of the Allied invasion. Beginning on the night before the D-day landings, the Squadron dropped thin strips of aluminum foil (called Window) over the waters off Cap d'Antifer, about  from the actual D-Day landings. The strips were dropped in vast numbers, in carefully choreographed patterns, over many hours, to create on German radar an illusion of a huge approaching naval fleet, even though the ships were non-existent. The Squadron practiced the technique at Tantallon Castle in Scotland, using captured German Würzburg, Freya, and Seetakt radars.

A particularly notable series of attacks caused the disabling and sinking of Tirpitz, a major German battleship that had been moved into a fjord in northern Norway where she threatened the Arctic convoys and was too far north to be attacked by air from the UK. She had already been damaged by an attack by Royal Navy midget submarines and a series of attacks from carrier-borne aircraft of the Fleet Air Arm, but both attacks had failed to sink her. The task was given to No. IX and No. 617 Squadrons; they were deployed to Yagodnik, near Archangel a staging base in Russia to attack Tirpitz with Tallboy bombs. On 15 September 1944, the RAF bombers struck the battleship in the forecastle, which rendered her unseaworthy, so she was sent to the Tromsø fjord where temporary repairs were made so she was anchored as a floating battery. This fjord was in range of bombers operating from Scotland and from there, in October, she was attacked again, but cloud cover thwarted the attack. Finally on 12 November 1944, the two squadrons attacked Tirpitz. The first bombs missed their target, but following aircraft scored two direct hits in quick succession. Within ten minutes of the first bomb hitting the Tirpitz, she suffered a magazine explosion at her "C" turret and capsized killing 1,000 of her 1,700 crew. All three RAF attacks on Tirpitz were led by Wing Commander J. B. "Willy" Tait, who had succeeded Cheshire as CO of No. 617 Squadron in July 1944. Among pilots participating in the raids was Flight Lieutenant John Leavitt, an American who piloted one of the 31 Lancasters. Leavitt's aircraft dropped one of the bombs that hit  Tirpitz dead centre. Despite both squadrons claiming that it was their bombs that actually sank the Tirpitz, it was the Tallboy bomb, dropped from a No. IX Squadron Lancaster WS-Y (LM220) piloted by Flying Officer Dougie Tweddle that is attributed to the sinking of the warship. F/O Tweddle was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for his part in the operations against Tirpitz.

During the Second World War the Squadron carried out 1,599 operational sorties with the loss of 32 aircraft.

Cold War (1946–1981)
After the end of the Second World War, the squadron replaced its Lancasters with Avro Lincolns, following those in 1952 with the English Electric Canberra jet bomber. The squadron was deployed to Malaya for four months in 1955, returning to RAF Binbrook to be disbanded on 15 December 1955.

Reformed at RAF Scampton on 1 May 1958 as part of RAF Bomber Command's V-bomber force maintaining the UK's strategic nuclear deterrent, the squadron was equipped with the Avro Vulcan B1 from Aug 1960. By 23 May 1961, its aircraft were the upgraded Vulcan B1A fitted with the electronic countermeasures tail pod. The squadron's assigned role was high-level strategic bombing with a variety of free fall nuclear bombs. Both the B1 and B1A types were equipped with various free-fall nuclear weapons. These may have included Blue Danube, Red Beard, Violet Club the Interim Megaton Weapon, Yellow Sun Mk.1 and certainly Yellow Sun Mk2. American bombs were also supplied to the RAF V-bombers for a short period under the Project E arrangements.

The squadron began almost immediately to upgrade yet again to the Vulcan B2, taking delivery of the first on 1 September 1961, although its high-level strategic bombing role remained unchanged until the advent of effective Soviet Surface-to-Air Missiles forced Bomber Command to reassign V-bombers from high-altitude operations to low-level penetration operations in March 1963, when the squadron's Vulcans adopted a mission profile that included a 'pop-up' manoeuvre from  to above  for safe release of Blue Steel.

Vulcans were configured for the Blue Steel stand-off bomb and 617 Squadron was the first to be declared operational with it in August 1962, until in January 1970 the squadron's eight Vulcan B2 aircraft were re-equipped with the new strategic laydown bomb, WE.177B which improved aircraft survivability by enabling aircraft to remain at low-level during weapon release.

Following the transfer of responsibility for the nuclear deterrent to the Royal Navy, the squadron was reassigned to SACEUR for tactical strike missions. In a high-intensity European war the squadron's role was to support land forces on the Continent by striking deep into enemy-held areas beyond the forward edge of the battlefield, striking at enemy concentrations and infrastructure, with WE.177 tactical nuclear weapons, should a conflict escalate to that stage. The squadron's eight aircraft were allocated eight WE.177 nuclear bombs. As the Vulcan's bomb bay was configured to carry only one, and assuming that RAF staff planners had factored in their usual allowance for attrition in the early conventional phase of a continental war, leaving sufficient surviving aircraft to deliver the full stockpile of nuclear weapons, it is a reasonable conclusion that the Vulcan force was held in reserve for nuclear strike duties only. The squadron's Vulcan B2s served mainly in that low-level penetration role until disbandment on 31 December 1981.

Tornado GR (1983–2014)

The squadron reformed on 1 January 1983 at RAF Marham, re-equipped with twelve Panavia Tornado GR1.

No. 617 Squadron was deployed to King Faisal Air Base, Saudi Arabia following the 1990 Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait, it returned to the UK in Nov 90' replaced by 16/20 Sqn, some of its aircrews did return, operating with various other squadrons throughout KSA.

In 1993, No. 617 Squadron began the changeover to anti-shipping and by May 1994 was operating from RAF Lossiemouth assigned to SACLANT, flying the Tornado GR1B with the Sea Eagle missile. In December 1994, Flight Lieutenant Jo Salter became the first female combat ready fast jet pilot.

In 1995, crews from No. 617 Squadron deployed in support of Operation Warden.

In 2003, the Squadron sent several airframes to the Ali Al Salem Air Base, Kuwait and Al Udeid Air Base, Qatar, as part of Operation Telic joining airframes from II Squadron, IX Squadron, XIII Squadron, 31 Squadron and 12 Squadron (a total of 30 Tornado GR4/GR4A's were deployed) where they were the first squadron to use the new MBDA Storm Shadow.

In July 2009, the Dambusters deployed to Kandahar Airfield, Afghanistan, as part of Operation Herrick in order to provide support for No. 12 (Bomber) Squadron. No. 617 Squadron underwent their first full Op HERRICK deployment between April and July 2011, handing over responsibility to No. 31 Squadron on 15 July. While deployed, the Dambusters were the RAF squadron who helped the Tornado GR fleet surpass 1,000,000 flying hours in June 2011.

In July 2011, the squadron took part in Operation Ellamy

In July 2013, it was announced that No. 617 Squadron would become the first operational RAF unit to receive the Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning. No. 617 Squadron disbanded on 28 March 2014 as part of the draw-down of the Tornado force.

F-35B Lightning (2017–present)

Beginning in 2016, the Dambusters started their training for conversion to the F-35B ahead of reforming as the first British front line squadron with the Lightning. The squadron worked up at Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina, throughout late 2017 and early 2018 before reforming on 18 April 2018.

On 6 June 2018, a quartet of No. 617 Squadron Lightnings (ZM145, ZM146, ZM147 and ZM148), supported by three Airbus Voyagers and an Airbus Atlas C1, made an eight-hour flight across the Atlantic to become the first of the UK's aircraft to be based permanently at RAF Marham. On 10 July, the squadron participated in the RAF100 flypast over London with three F-35Bs. On 3 August, five more F-35Bs arrived at RAF Marham for the Dambusters. No. 617 Squadron was declared 'combat ready' on 10 January 2019.

The Dambusters underwent their first F-35 deployment on 22 May 2019 when six Lightnings deployed to RAF Akrotiri, Cyprus, for six weeks as part of 'Exercise Lightning Dawn'. On 16 June, No. 617 Squadron carried out the first RAF F-35 operational mission when two Lightnings conducted a patrol over Syria as part of Operation Shader. On 25 June, No. 617 Squadron's F-35Bs participated in 'Exercise Tri Lightning' alongside United States Air Force F-35As of the 4th Fighter Squadron and Israeli Air Force F-35Is of 140 Squadron over the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Four F-35B Lightnings returned home to RAF Marham on 2 July, while the other two arrived at Amendola Air Base to carry out bilateral training with the Italian Air Force, including the local F-35As of 32º Stormo. Three Lightnings departed RAF Marham on 9 October to MCAS Beaufort in preparation for Westlant 19, with them embarking upon HMS Queen Elizabeth for the first time alongside No. 17 Test and Evaluation Squadron on 13 October.

On 22 January 2020, the Dambusters departed Marham for Exercise Red Flag at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, their first with the Lightning. Between September and November 2020, the Dambusters hosted United States Marine Corps F-35Bs from VMFA-211 who deployed to RAF Marham to work up on HMS Queen Elizabeth ahead of the carrier's deployment in 2021.

In May 2021, No. 617 Squadron embarked eight F-35B Lightnings on board HMS Queen Elizabeth as part of Carrier Strike Group 2021 (CSG21), operating alongside VMFA-211 as the fixed wing component. On 16 November 2021, one of the squadron's F-35B fighters crashed during operations in the Mediterranean. The pilot was able to eject safely.

Aircraft operated
List of aircraft operated by No. 617 Squadron:

 Avro Lancaster B.III (Special) (March 1943 – May 1943)
 Avro Lancaster B.I (March 1943 – June 1945)
 Avro Lancaster B.III (March 1943 – June 1945)
 Avro Lancaster B.VII (FE) (June 1945 – September 1946)
 de Havilland Mosquito Mk.VI (April 1944 – March 1945)
 North American P-51 Mustang Mk. III (June 1944 - 1945)
 Avro Lincoln B.II (September 1946 – January 1952)
 English Electric Canberra B.2 (January 1952 – April 1955)
 English Electric Canberra B.6 (February 1955 – December 1955)
 Avro Vulcan B.1 (May 1958 – July 1961)
 Avro Vulcan B.1A (October 1960 – July 1961)
 Avro Vulcan B.2 (September 1961 – December 1981)
 Panavia Tornado GR1 (January 1983 – April 1994)
 Panavia Tornado GR1B (April 1994 – 2002)
 Panavia Tornado GR4 (2002 – January 2014)
 Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning (December 2017 – present)

Battle honours
No. 617 Squadron has received the following battle honours. Those marked with an asterisk (*) may be emblazoned on the squadron standard.

 Fortress Europe (1943–1945)*
 The Dams (1943)*
 Biscay Ports (1944)*
 France and Germany (1944–1945)*
 Normandy (1944)*
 Tirpitz*

 Channel & North Sea (1944–1945)*
 German Ports (1945)*
 Gulf (1991)
 Afghanistan (2001–2014)
 Iraq (2003–2011)

Commanding officers

The following men have commanded No. 617 Squadron:

1943–1955
March 1943, Wing Commander Guy Gibson
August 1943, Wing Commander George Holden
September 1943 Squadron Leader Harold Martin
November 1943, Wing Commander Leonard Cheshire
July 1944, Wing Commander James Brian Tait
December 1944, Wing Commander John Emilius Fauquier
April 1945, Wing Commander John Grindon
June 1945, Wing Commander C Fothergill
April 1946, Squadron Leader C K Saxelby
May 1947, Wing Commander C D Milne (for goodwill visit to USA)
July 1947, Squadron Leader C K Saxelby
February 1948, Squadron Leader P G Brodie
May 1950, Squadron Leader W H Thallon
June 1952, Squadron Leader M J O'Bryen-Nichols
Dec 1952, Squadron Leader D Roberts
May 1954, Squadron Leader J A Ruck (Squadron disbanded December 1955)

1958–1981
May 1958, Wing Commander D Bower (Squadron reformed with Vulcans)
May 1960, Wing Commander L G A Bastard
December 1962, Wing Commander H G Currell
March 1965, Wing Commander D G L Heywood
March 1967, Wing Commander R C Allen
March 1969, Wing Commander C A Vasey
March 1971, Wing Commander F M A Hines
October 1973, Wing Commander V L Warrington
September 1975, Wing Commander R B Gilvary
July 1977, Wing Commander F Mason (brief tenure due to illness)
July 1977, Wing Commander J N Stephenson-Oliver
August 1979, Wing Commander J N Herbertson (Squadron disbanded December 1981)

1983–2014
January 1983, Wing Commander A J Harrison (Squadron reformed with Tornados)
June 1985, Wing Commander P J J Day
January 1988, Wing Commander N J Day
May 1990, Wing Commander R D Iveson
March 1993, Wing Commander J H Dickinson
July 1995, Wing Commander I L Dugmore
March 1998, Wing Commander G E Thwaites
September 2000, Wing Commander D G Robertson
July 2003, Wing Commander A Monkman
January 2006, Wing Commander S P Rochelle
January 2008, Wing Commander D J E Cooper
October 2010, Wing Commander K D Taylor
October 2012, Wing Commander D S Arthurton (Squadron disbanded 2014)

2017–Present
December 2017,  Wing Commander J R Butcher (Squadron reformed with F-35 Lightnings)
April 2020, Commander Mark Sparrow (Squadron commanded by a Royal Navy officer for the first time in its history)
13 May 2022, Wing Commander Dave Tait (Commander Sparrow leaves on promotion to Captain Air Group HMS Queen Elizabeth)
5 August 2022, Wing Commander Stew Campbell (Former Red Arrows Pilot and previous 617 Squadron Tornado Pilot)

In popular culture
The Second World War exploits of the squadron and Chastise in particular, were described in Guy Gibson's own 1944 account Enemy Coast Ahead, as well as Paul Brickhill's 1951 book The Dam Busters and a 1955 film, though the accuracy and completeness of these accounts were compromised by many of the documents relating to the war years still being secured by the Official Secrets Act. The definitive work however is considered The Dambusters Raid by John Sweetman.

In 2006, it was announced that New Zealand film director Peter Jackson and David Frost would co-produce a re-make of the film. It was scripted by Stephen Fry, and intended to be directed by Christian Rivers. The last living Dam Buster pilot at the time, New Zealander Les Munro (1919–2015), offered his services as a technical adviser.

See also
 List of Royal Air Force aircraft squadrons
 Operation Chastise, the attack by 617 Squadron on German dams during the Second World War
 Operation Garlic, an attack by 617 Squadron on the Dortmund-Ems Canal.
 Operation Catechism, the sinking of German battleship Tirpitz by 617 Squadron
 Enemy Coast Ahead a book by Guy Gibson written in 1944 shortly before his death
 The Dam Busters a 1951 book by Paul Brickhill about the operation.
 The Dam Busters, a 1955 film about the operation based on both the Gibson and Brickhill books

References

Notes

Bibliography

 – first hand accounts of the planning, preparation and execution of the raid.

 Bouquet, Tim 617 Going to War with Today's Dambusters. London: Orion (Orion Publishing Group Limited), 2012.

 Halley, James J. The Squadrons of the Royal Air Force & Commonwealth, 1918–1988. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1988. .
 Jefford, C.G. RAF Squadrons, a Comprehensive Record of the Movement and Equipment of all RAF Squadrons and their Antecedents since 1912. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing, 1998 (second edition 2001). .
 Moyes, Philip J.R. Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's (Publishers) Ltd., 1964 (new edition 1976). .
 Price, Nigel. Royal Air Force Salute - Tornado. Stamford: Key Publishing Ltd, 2019.

External links

 617 Squadron RAF Official Web Page
 RAFweb.org
 617 Squadron Dambusters site
 Royal Air Force Bomber Command 60th Anniversary: No. 617 Squadron
 617 Squadron – The Operational Record Book 1943 – 1945 (PDF) with additional information by Tobin Jones; Binx Publishing, Pevensey House, Sheep Street, Bicester. OX26 6JF. Acknowledgement is given to HMSO as holders of the copyright on the Operational Record Book
 16./17.05.1943 – "Operation Chastise"
 Pathe newsreel, 1963, 617 equipped with Blue Steel nuclear missiles
 Pathe newsreel, 1967, Dambusters re-union
 617 Squadron at the International Bomber Command Centre Digital Archive.

617 Squadron
Bomber squadrons of the Royal Air Force in World War II
Military units and formations established in 1943
1943 establishments in England

No. 617 Squadron RAF


Stammehertugdømmet Franken lå i den midterste del af Tyskland.

Stammehertugdømmet Franken grænsede både op til markgrevskaberne Mark Thüringen og Nordgau (siden 1326: Oberpfalz) samt til de øvrige stammehertugdømmer (Thüringen (tidligere stammehertugdømme), Sachsen, Nedre Lothringen (Belgien med mere), Øvre Lothringen (en forløber for nutidens Lorraine i Frankrig), Schwaben og Baiern).

Stammehertugdømmet Franken bestod af den nuværende delstat Hessen, regionen Franken i Bayern samt dele af Thüringen, Baden-Württemberg og Rheinland-Pfalz.

Hertuger
I modsætning til de andre stammehertugdømmer var Franken ikke en stabil politisk enhed. I perioder var landet delt mellem en vestlig del (Rheinfranken med Worms og Hessen) og en østlig del (Mainfranken omkring (Würzburg).

Blandt hertugerne var:
 Konrad 1. af Franken, kaldt for Den yngre,  også tysk konge, død 918.
 Frederik 1, af Schwaben, far til Konrad 3. af Franken, død 1105.
 Konrad 3. af Franken, også tysk konge, død 1152.

Efterhånden blev det tidligere stammehertugdømme opdelt i en række mindre stater.

Frankiske rigskreds
Fra begyndelsen af 1500-tallet og frem til 1806 var Tyskland opdelt i rigskredse.

Den frankiske rigskreds bestod af den østlige del af det tidligere stammehertugdømme, mens den vestlige del blev delt mellem Oberrheinischer Kreis og Kurrheinischer Reichskreis.

Tidligere tyske stater

Stammehertugdømmet Franken


An Restrepia wageneri in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Restrepia wageneri in nahilalakip ha genus nga Restrepia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Restrepia

Restrepia wageneri


Aksaray aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:
 Aksaray (il), il
 Aksaray, Aksaray il merkezi
 Aksaray, Fatih, İstanbul ili Fatih ilçesindeki bir semt

Aksaray (anlam ayrımı)


Murray McCheyne Thomson  (December 19, 1922 – May 2, 2019) was a Canadian peace activist

Thomson was born in Honan, China where his parents were Christian missionaries.  Thomson founded many non-profits in Canada. He was the 1990 recipient of the Pearson Medal of Peace for his work in peace and justice and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2001. He was also awarded the (Canadian) Golden Jubilee Medal and the Diamond Jubilee Medal He is a former Executive Director of CUSO.

He is credited in helping the formation of:
 Grindstone Island
 The Peacefund Canada Foundation (1980s)
 Peace Brigades International (1981)
 Project Ploughshares (1976)
 Group of 78 (1980)
 Canadian Friends of Burma (1990)
 Canadians for a Nuclear Weapons Convention (2012)

Murray was a recognized international expert and advisor to governments, aid organizations, and lobbyists on disarmament and arms control.
He was significantly involved in starting the United Nations World Disarmament Campaign and drafting its policy document, which was passed by the United Nations General Assembly.
He continued to be active in advocating for disarmament into 2019.
For several years he led a campaign among members of the Order of Canada in calling for an international Nuclear Weapons Convention. Over 1,030 members of the Order have signed the statement as of May 2019.

He died on May 2, 2019, in Ottawa, Canada.

His archives are held by  William Ready Division of Archives and Research Collections at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.

Works

A Time to Disarm: A Discussion Guide for Stimulating a National Dialogue on Canada and the UN's Special Session on Disarmament, 23 May - 28 June 1978  By Ernie Regehr and Murray Thomson
Daring Confidence: The Life and Times of Andrew Thomson in China 1906–1942. By Murray Thomson
Toward a Culture of Peace: Can We Afford to Pay the Price?  By Murray Thomson

References

Further reading

  (HTML)

 Peace activist Murray Thomson dies at 96

1922 births
2019 deaths
Canadian Christian pacifists
Canadian Quakers
Converts to Quakerism
20th-century Quakers
University of Toronto alumni
Peace award winners
Canadian humanitarians
Canadian expatriates in China

Murray Thomson


Cante Alentejano (portugalski za "Pjesma Alentejana") je glazbeni žanr koji se temelji na vokalnoj glazbi a tradicionalno ge izvode amaterski pjevački zborovi u regiji Alentejano, južni Portugal.

Odlikuje se osebujnim melodijama, tekstovima i vokalnim stilovima, a izvodi se bez instrumentalne pratnje. Zborovi se sastoje od najviše trideset pjevača podijeljenih u skupine. Ponto, u nižem rasponu, započinje pjevanje, a slijedi ga alto, koji duplicira melodiju za trećinu ili desetinu više, često dodajući ukrase. Nastavlja cijeli zbor, pjevajući preostale dionice u usporednim trećinama. Alto je vodeći glas koji se ističe od zbora tijekom cijele pjesme. Ova ponavljajuća karakteristika, kao i spor tempo i obilje stanki, pridonose monotonoj prirodi pjevanja.

U pjevanju se koriste grčki modovi koji su izumrli u klasičnoj i popularnoj europskoj glazbi, a koji su ograničeni na durske i molske ljestvice. Ovo možda potječe iz gregorijanskog korala ili arapske kulture, iako neki muzikolozi vjeruju kako je riječ o mnogo primitivnijim korijenima, pretkršćanskima, a možda čak i pre-rimskima.

Širok repertoar tradicionalne poezije nastavlja se na tradicionalne postojeće ili potpuno nove melodije. Tekstovi istražuju i tradicionalne teme kao što su: seoski život, priroda, ljubav, majčinstvo i vjera, te promjene u kulturnom i društvenom kontekstu. Cante je temeljni aspekt društvenog života u Alentejano zajednicama, prožimajući sva društvena okupljanja u javnim i privatnim prostorima. Zbog toga je Cante Alentejano upisan na popis nematerijalne svjetske baštine u Europi 2014. godine.

Izvori

Ostali projekti

Glazbeni žanrovi
Svjetska baština u Portugalu
Nematerijalna svjetska baština u Europi

Cante Alentejano


Para ti con desprecio es el tercer álbum de la banda de rock mexicana Panda.

A diferencia de su anterior disco (La revancha del príncipe charro), en este álbum sus letras incluyen menos sentimentalismo y un odio al amor. Este disco contiene 15 canciones, de los cuales 3 son instrumentales, este disco fue criticado por posibles plagios lo cual no ha sido confirmado. La versión original del álbum viene acompañada de un DVD, que contiene vídeos de la gira pasada y del álbum anterior.

Fue el primer álbum que contó con Arturo Arredondo en la guitarra, tras la salida de Jorge Garza en 2004, por motivos personales.

Antecedentes
Para ti con desprecio empezó a ser compuesto en el 2004. Originalmente el álbum tendría canciones con títulos como «No me culpes por ser bello», el cual, en palabras del mismo vocalista, "hablaba puras estupideces". Después de un tiempo la banda desechó las ocho canciones que habían escrito y volvieron a empezar a componer desde cero.

Canciones

Personal

Banda
 José Madero: Voz, Guitarra letras.
 Ricardo Treviño: Bajo, Voces secundarias y guturales en canciones 2, 4, 6, 10 y 11.
 Jorge Vázquez: "Kross" Batería
 Arturo Arredondo:Voces secundarias o coros Guitarra

Equipo técnico
 Marcelo Treviño: teclado en canciones 5 y 9.
 Adrián Treviño: productor, solo de guitarra en canción 4
 Francisco Lobo: productor ejecutivo
 Gavin Lurssen: mastering
 Gerardo García: técnico de estudio
 Lalo Nuñez: asistente de grabación
 Beto Ramos: técnico de batería
 Mario Videgaray: arte y diseño
Todas las Letras por:
 José Madero

Notas

Álbumes de Panda
Álbumes de 2005
Álbumes de pop punk
Álbumes de rock
Álbumes de rock alternativo
Álbumes en español

Para ti con desprecio


An Oryzopsis in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Oryzopsis in nahilalakip ha familia nga Poaceae.

Ilarom nga taxa

 Oryzopsis aequiglumis
 Oryzopsis alpestris
 Oryzopsis angustifolia
 Oryzopsis asperifolia
 Oryzopsis barbellata
 Oryzopsis blancheana
 Oryzopsis canadensis
 Oryzopsis chinensis
 Oryzopsis coerulescens
 Oryzopsis contracta
 Oryzopsis exigua
 Oryzopsis ferganensis
 Oryzopsis gracilis
 Oryzopsis grandispicula
 Oryzopsis hendersonii
 Oryzopsis henryi
 Oryzopsis hilariae
 Oryzopsis holciformis
 Oryzopsis hymenoides
 Oryzopsis lateralis
 Oryzopsis latifolia
 Oryzopsis micrantha
 Oryzopsis miliacea
 Oryzopsis molinioides
 Oryzopsis munroi
 Oryzopsis obtusa
 Oryzopsis pamiralaica
 Oryzopsis paradoxa
 Oryzopsis platyantha
 Oryzopsis pungens
 Oryzopsis purpurascens
 Oryzopsis racemosa
 Oryzopsis rechingeri
 Oryzopsis sogdiana
 Oryzopsis songarica
 Oryzopsis sphacelata
 Oryzopsis swallenii
 Oryzopsis tibetica
 Oryzopsis vavilovii
 Oryzopsis webberi
 Oryzopsis vicaria
 Oryzopsis virescens

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Oryzopsis

Oryzopsis


GRES Arranco est une école de samba de Rio de Janeiro au Brésil.

Données de l'école
  D2 Carnaval

  D3 Carnaval

Références

Arranco

Arranco


جون ستيوارت  يعرف أيضاً بلقب إيرل بيوت الثالث  سياسي بريطاني (25 مايو 1713 - 10 مارس 1792). تولى رئاسة الوزارة في بريطانيا من 26 مايو 1762 إلى 8 أبريل 1763. في عهده انتهت حرب السنوات السبع بتوقيع اتفاقية باريس عام 1763.

السيرة الشخصية

النشأة والبروز
ولد ستيوارت في المنطقة المحيطة بالبرلمان بالقرب من كاتدرائية سانت غايلز على امتداد الشارع الملكي في إدنبرة يوم 25 مايو عام 1713، وهو ابن جيمس ستيوارت إيرل بوت الثاني وزوجته السيدة آن كامبل. درس في كلية إيتون خلال الفترة من عام 1724 حتى عام 1730. وتابع بعدها دراسة القانون المدني في جامعة خرونينغن (1730-1732) وجامعة لايدن (1732-1734) في هولندا، متخرجًا من الأخيرة بشهادة في القانون المدني.

خلف بوت عرش إيرلية بوت (المسماة نسبةً إلى جزيرة بوت) بعد وفاة والده عام 1723، وذلك نظرًا لكونه على قرابة أسرية بعشيرة كامبل (كانت والدته ابنة دوق أرغل الأول). ترعرع بعدها على يد خاليه دوق أرغل الثاني، وأرتشيبالد كامبل دوق أرغل الثالث ودوق إلاي الأول والوحيد. في شهر أغسطس من عام 1735، هرب بوت مع ماري وورتلي مونتاغو بعد الوقت الذي استغرقه والديها السير إدوارد والسيدة ماري وورتلي من أجل إبداء موافقتهم على زواجهما. انتُخب كممثل نبيل عن إسكتلندا في عام 1737. ومع ذلك، لم يشارك بوت في مشاورات مجلس اللوردات رغم كونه في لندن خلال شهر ديسمبر من ذلك العام. لم يعاد انتخابه في عام 1741 بسبب موقفه الداعم لأرغل ضد والبول. تقاعد في السنوات القليلة اللاحقة ماكثًا في ممتلكاته بإسكتلندا، والتفت إلى إدارة شؤونه والانغماس في ولعه بعلم النبات.

انتقل بوت إلى وستمنستر بلندن في عام 1745 حيث استأجرت عائلته منزلًا في تويكنهام مقابل أجر سنوي بلغ خمسة وأربعين جنيهًا. التقى في عام 1747 بفريدريك أمير ويلز خلال سباقات إغهام وأصبح صديقًا مقربًا له. عُيّن بعد وفاة الأمير في عام 1751 مدرسًا لأمير ويلز الجديد جورج.  هيّأ بوت للأمير وأخيه إدوارد اتباع سلسلة من المحاضرات حول الفلسفة الطبيعية من إعداد المحاضر ستيفن دمينبراي. أدى ذلك إلى إيقاد اهتمام الأمير الشاب بالفلسفة الطبيعية، وربما لعب دورًا في رغبة جورج الثالث بجمع آلات الفلسفة الطبيعية. وعلاوةً على ذلك، أضحى بوت مقربًا من أرملة الأمير فريدريك، أميرة ويلز أوغسطا من ساكسه-غوثا حتى انتشرت شائعة عن دخول الاثنين بعلاقة رومانسية. وبالفعل نشر جون هورن توك وهو أحد مساعدي أمير ويلز منشورًا فاضحًا يلمح فيه للعلاقة بينهما، بيد أن هذه الشائعات كانت على الأرجح زائفة بسبب المعتقدات الدينية الصرفة التي آمن بها بوت في ما يتعلق بمسألة الزنا، فضلًا عن دلالة جميع المؤشرات على كونه سعيدًا بزواجه.

انتُخب بوت كأول رئيس لجمعية خبراء آثار إسكتلندا في عام 1780.

رئيسًا للوزراء
توقع بوت الارتقاء في درج السلطة السياسية عقب اعتلاء جورج للعرش في عام 1760 نظرًا للأثر الذي كان قد تركه في طالبه، بيد أن خططه كانت سابقة لأوانها. إذ تطلب الأمر إزاحة رئيس الوزراء الحالي (دوق نيوكاسل) عن الحكم، فضلًا عن وزير خارجية القسم الجنوبي ذي النفوذ الأوسع (ويليام بيت الأكبر)، ولكن الحكومة الحالية التي استندت على النجاحات المحرزة في حرب السبع سنوات كانت محبوبة وحققت نتائج مرضية في الانتخابات العامة التي أجريت في أعقاب اعتلاء العاهل الجديد للعرش كما سرت العادة حينذاك.

ارتكزت مناورة بوت (الذي نال تأييد الملك) في مسعاه لبلوغ السلطة تحالفه مع نيوكاسل ضد بيت الأكبر في ما يتعلق برغبة الأخير إعلان الحرب على إسبانيا. قدم بيت استقالته من منصبه وزيرًا للقسم الجنوبي بعيد إحباط بوت ونيوكاسل لمخططاته ضد إسبانيا. تحرك بوت بعدها مجبرًا نيوكاسل على الاستقالة من منصبه رئيسًا للوزراء بعدما وجد الأخير نفسه ضمن الأقلية في الحكومة من ناحية موقفه إزاء مستوى التمويل والتوجيه في حرب السبع سنوات. أعيد انتخاب بوت ممثلًا نبيلًا عن إسكتلندا في عام 1760، وعُيّن رئيسًا للوزراء بحكم الأمر الواقع بعد استقالة كل من بيت ونيوكاسل منهيًا بذلك فترة طويلة من هيمنة حزب الأحرار على الحكومة.

تميز عهد بوت كرئيس للوزراء بتفاوضه على معاهدة باريس (1763) التي وضعت حدًا لحرب السبع سنوات. ولأجل ذلك كان على بوت تخفيف حدة موقفه السابق في ما يخص التنازلات الممنوحة لفرنسا إذ وافق على إرجاع مصائد السمك الهامة في نيوفوندلاند للفرنسيين دون احتفاظ بريطانيا بغوادلوب في المقابل.

على خلفية التوصل لاتفاق سلام، لم يرد بوت والملك للإنفاق العسكري البريطاني أن يتجاوز مستويات ما قبل الحرب، ولكن أعتقد الاثنين بضرورة الإبقاء على وجود كبير في القارة الأمريكية بغية التعامل مع التهديدين الفرنسي والإسباني. وعليه كلفت بريطانيا المستعمرين بهذه الزيادة في الوجود العسكري مما حفز على مقاومة الضرائب المفروضة عليهم والتي أدت بدورها إلى اندلاع الثورة الأمريكية. فرض بوت أيضًا ضريبة على السيدر بلغت قيمتها أربع شِلن للبرميل الواحد في عام 1763 من أجل المساعدة في تمويل حرب السبع سنوات.

بادر الصحفي جون ويلكس إلى نشر صحيفة حملت اسم «ذا نورث بريتون» تعرض فيها كل من بوت وأميرة ويلز للهجاء دون رحمة. وفي أعقاب ذلك، قدم بوت استقالته رغم بقائه ممثلًا نبيلًا عن إسكتلندا في مجلس اللوردات حتى عام 1780. وظل على علاقة طيبة مع أميرة ويلز المتوفى زوجها، بيد أن محاولاتها لرأب الصدع بين بوت وجورج الثالث باءت بالفشل.

بعد توليه رئاسة الوزارة
مكث بوت في أرضه الكائنة بهامبشر حتى بقية حياته حيث شيد فيها قصرًا بالقرب من بلدة كرايستشيرش عرِف باسم هاي كليف. وواصل من هناك إيلاء اهتمامه بعلم النبات، وأضحى من رعاة الفنون والآداب الكبار. إذ كان صامويل جونسون وتوبياس سموليت وروبرت آدم ووليام روبرتسون وجون هيل من بين الشخصيات التي كفلها تحت جناحه. كذلك تبرع للجامعات الإسكتلندية بسخاء. ومول أسفار ألبرتو فورتس إلى دالماسيا. تكلل عمله في مجال علم النبات بنشره لكتاب «جداول نباتية تتضمن فصائل النباتات البريطانية» في عام 1785. وبالرغم من تقاعده فإن العديد من الأمريكيين اتهموه في السنوات التي سبقت الحرب الثورية الأمريكية بكونه من أولئك الذين فرضوا تأثيرهم المفسد وغير المبرر على الحكومة البريطانية. توفي بوت في منزله الكائن بشارع ساوث أودلي في ساحة غروفنر بوستمنستر نتيجة المضاعفات التي عانى منها جراء سقوطه خلال مكوثه في قصر هاي كليف، ودفِن جثمانه في بلدة روثساي بجزيرة بوت.

سُمي جنس ستيوارتيا المنتمي لصف كاسيات البذور نسبةً إلى بوت. أصدر الملك جورج الثالث في عام 1761 أمرًا بتعيينه قائمًا على منتزه ريتشموند، وظل بوت في هذا المنصب إلى حين وفاته. سميت جادة بوت في بيترزهام الواقعة بالقرب من المنتزه نسبةً إليه. وفقًا للمؤرخ جون ناش فإن أصل تعبير «جاك بوت» العائد للقرن الثامن عشر والذي يستعمل للدلالة على شخص غبي، نشأ بغرض الاستخفاف بأداء ستيوارت حين كان رئيسًا للوزراء.

معرض صور

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص تلقوا تعليمهم في كلية إيتون
أشخاص متعلمون في كلية إيتون
أشخاص من إدنبرة
أشخاص من وستمينستر
وزراء دولة بريطانيون
بريطانيون مغتربون في جمهورية هولندا
خريجو جامعة ليدن
رؤساء حكومات في القرن 18
رؤساء وزراء بريطانيا العظمى
آل ستيوارت
سياسيون من إدنبرة
علماء نبات إسكتلنديون
علماء نبات ذوو مختصرات اسمية
فرسان الرباط
مستشارو جامعة أبردين
مواليد 1713
وفيات 1792
إسكتلنديون أسقفيون

جون ستيوارت (سياسي)


Lomariocycas,  rod papratnica iz porodice Blechnaceae. Postoji 18 vrsta iz neotropa, Afrike i Madagaskara. Ima nekoliko endemskih vrsta sa otočja Juan Fernandez, Tristan da Cunha,  Madagaskara, Kube.

Vrste
 Lomariocycas aurata (Fée) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas columbiensis (Hieron.) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas cycadifolia (Colla) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas decrescens (Rakotondr.) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas insularis (C. V. Morton & Lellinger) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas longepetiolata (Tardieu) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas longipinna (Rakotondr.) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas madagascariensis (Tardieu) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas magellanica (Desv.) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas moritziana (Klotzsch) Gabriel y Galán & Vicent
 Lomariocycas obtusifolia (Ettingsh.) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas palmiformis (Thouars) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas rufa (Spreng.) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas schomburgkii (Klotzsch) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas shaferi (Broadh.) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas tabularis (Thunb.) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas werckleana (Christ) Gasper & A. R. Sm.
 Lomariocycas yungensis (J. P. Ramos) Gasper & A. R. Sm.

Izvori

Rebračevke

Lomariocycas


The Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, which is one of the states of Germany, is governed by the Senate of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. The Senate is chaired by the President of the Senate, who is the head of government of the city-state. The President of the Senate and another member of the senate both hold the title Mayor (Bürgermeister).

List

Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (1945–present)
President of the Senate and Mayor of Bremen
Political party:

 Mayor, deputy of the President of the Senate

See also
 Timeline of Bremen

Notes

Bremen
Bremen (city)-related lists
Government of Bremen (state)

List of mayors of Bremen


Harry Collett (Essex, 17 de janeiro de 2004) é um ator britânico. A carreira de Collett começou em 2014, quando ele estrelou o videoclipe cover  de Michael Bublé e Idina Menzel, "Baby, It's Cold Outside". Quando era mais jovem, ele garantiu papéis de voz para séries de televisão infantis e teve papéis convidados em séries de televisão americanas e britânicas, aparecendo como Oliver Hide no drama médico Casualty, um papel que ele reprisou por três passagens mais longas. Collett então apareceu em filmes como Ethel & Ernest, Dead in a Week or Your Money Back e Dunkirk, antes de atuar com Robert Downey Jr. no filme de 2020 Dolittle como Tommy Stubbins. Collett também experimentou uma carreira no teatro. Ele ganhou mais reconhecimento ao interpretar o príncipe Jacaerys Velaryon na série House of the Dragon da HBO.

Carreira
Collett começou sua carreira aparecendo como uma versão mais jovem do cantor Michael Bublé no videoclipe cover de Bublé e Idina Menzel, "Baby, It's Cold Outside". Ele apareceu em um episódio em 2014 do drama médico da BBC Casualty como Seb Durante. Ele então forneceu a voz para interpretar o personagem Wally na série de televisão infantil Wallykazam! nas duas primeiras temporadas. No ano seguinte, Collett apareceu em um episódio da primeira temporada da série de comédia musical e fantasia norte-americana Galavant como a versão mais jovem do personagem titular, seguido por um papel na série de televisão infantil The Hive como Buzzbee. Em 2016, Collett foi escalado para outro papel convidado em Casualty como Oliver Hide, o filho do personagem estabelecido David Hide (Jason Durr). Como parte da aparição, Collett filmou uma façanha com seu personagem preso em um carro em chamas. Ele reprisou o papel em 2017 por três episódios, e novamente em 2019 por um período mais longo. O ator voltou para outra passagem em 2021.A co-estrela de Collett, Durr, elogiou o ator, chamando-o de" absolutamente fantástico"e opinou: "ele tem uma ótima carreira pela frente".

Collett fez sua estreia no cinema como a versão mais jovem de Raymond Briggs em Ethel & Ernest, um filme biográfico lançado em 2016. Durante 2017, Collett apareceu no curta-metragem Honour como Lee de 11 anos, e fez uma participação especial no filme de guerra de 2017 Dunkirk, dirigido por Christopher Nolan. No ano seguinte, ele apareceu em Dead in a Week or Your Money Back como uma versão mais jovem do personagem William. Em dezembro de 2017, Collett foi escalado para o filme de comédia de aventura Dolittle. Lançado em janeiro de 2020, o filme apresenta o ator estrelando como Tommy Stubbins, o aprendiz auto-nomeado de Dr. Dolittle (Robert Downey Jr.).

Collett também teve uma carreira no palco, aparecendo em produções de Billy Elliot The Musical, Matilda The Musical, e Elf, The Musical.

Filmografia

Filmes

Televisao

Teatro

Videoclipe

Jogo eletrônico

Pessoas vivas
Atores de cinema da Inglaterra
Nascidos em 2004
Atores do Reino Unido

Harry Collett


Köşe yazısı veya fıkra; bir yazarın ve köşe yazarı'nın herhangi bir konu veya günlük olaylar hakkındaki görüşlerini, düşüncelerini ayrıntılara inmeden anlattığı gazete ve dergilerde yayımlanan kısa fikir yazılarının genel adıdır. Fıkralar, gazete ve dergilerin belli sütun veya köşelerinde yayımlanır. Yazarın, gündelik olayları, özel bir görüşle, güzel bir üslupla, kanıtlama gereği duymadan yazdığı kısa, günübirlik yazılardır.

Fıkraların amacı, siyasi, kültürel, ekonomik, toplumsal vb. konuları çok defa eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla anlatarak kamuoyunu yönlendirmektir. Fıkralarda kesin olmaktan ziyade güzel, hoş sonuçlara varmaya; canlı, ilgi çekici olmaya özen gösterilmelidir. Yazar kendi duygu ve düşüncelerini en başarılı şekilde yansıtarak okuyucu ile arasında sıkı bir bağ kurar.

Özellikleri
 Gerçek olaylar veya düşüncelerle ilgili konular işlenir.
 Düşünce ön plandadır.
 Konular çok değişik açılardan ele alınmadan, ayrıntılara inilmeden işlenir.
 Yazılanlara okuyucuyu inandırma zorunluluğu yoktur.
 Yazılanlar okuyucunun ilgisini çekmelidir.
 Açık, sade ve akıcı bir dil kullanılmalıdır.
 Konular okuyucuda merak uyandırmalı, aynı zamanda da eğitici ve bilgilendirici olmalıdır.
 Genellikle kısa ve öz bir dille yazılırlar

Türk edebiyatında fıkra

Tanzimat Dönemi'nde ilk gazetelerin yayımlanmasıyla Türk edebiyatının ilk fıkraları da yazılmaya başlanır. 20.yüzyıla kadar makale, sohbet ve röportajla birlikte anılan fıkra daha sonra gazetelerdeki yazı türlerinin çeşitlenmesiyle diğer türlerden ayrılır. Türk edebiyatında fıkra yazarlığı, Şinasi'nin 1860 yılında Agâh Efendi ile birlikte çıkardıkları Tercüman-ı Ahval gazetesindeki yazılarıyla başlamıştır.  Özellikle Ahmet Rasim fıkralarıyla tanınmıştır. Daha sonra Ahmet Haşim, Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın, Falih Rıfkı Atay, Refik Halit Karay, Bedii Faik, Orhan Seyfi Orhon, Refii Cevat Ulunay, Metin Toker, Peyami Safa, Burhan Felek, Ahmet Kabaklı, Aziz Nesin, Çetin Altan, Ahmet Kabaklı, İlhan Selçuk, Sabri Esat Siyavuşgil de fıkralarıyla öne çıkmıştır.

Türk Edebiyatı Köşe Yazılarının Bilişsel Yapıları

 Konunun Sunumu: Köşe yazısına konu olan olayın tanıtımı ile ilgilidir. Diğer bir deyişle, köşede o gün tartışılacak konunun girişi niteliğindedir. Bu kısımda konu tanıtılır, açıklanır, sınırları belirlenir ve tartışmaya hazır hale getirilir.
 Tartışma: Bir köşe yazısının iletişimsel amacı politik, ekonomik, sosyal, kültürel, vb. bir görüş ortaya koymak ve bu görüşü etkili bir biçimde savunmaktır. Bu amaçla yazar, bu bölümde ortaya attığı görüşü destekleyecek bir tartışma geliştirir, bazı belgeler sunar, örnekler verir, etkili kişilerin görüşlerinden alıntılar yapar veya tartışmasını bilimsel gerçeklere dayandırarak iddiasını destekler.
 Karar: Yazar burada bir süredir tartıştığı konuya nokta koymakta ve bu tartışmanın sonucunu açıklamaktadır. Bu nedenle 'karar' bölümü köşe yazısının 'tartışma' bölümü ile uyum içerisindedir. Özetle söylemek gerekirse, 'karar' kısmı olmadan bir tartışma sona erdirilemez.
 Öneri: Yazar, 'öneri' bölümünde okurlarına tartıştığı ve karara bağladığı konu ile ilgili olarak bir öneride bulunur, bunu ima eder veya okurun takınmasını istediği tavır konusunda bir mesaj iletir. Bu anlamda, köşe yazılarındaki bilişsel yapı parçalarından genellikle en kısa ve en çarpıcı olanı bu bölümdür.

Kaynakça

Yazılı edebiyat
Gazete yayıncılığı
Dergi yayıncılığı
Fikir gazeteciliği

Köşe yazısı


La liste non exhaustive des tours de guet en France comprend des structures qui ont des vues ouvertes au public. Il comprend les tours d'observation, de télévision et d'eau, les tours d'église, les manèges fixes et autres plates-formes d'observation - y compris les anciennes tours (etc.).

Veuillez compléter la liste et la corriger si nécessaire

Liste des tours d'observation en France


François Franck (* 14. September 1904; † 6. August 1965) war ein belgischer Eishockeynationalspieler.

Karriere
François Franck nahm für die belgische Nationalmannschaft an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1924 in Chamonix und 1928 in St. Moritz teil. Mit seinem Team belegte er bei den Winterspielen 1924 den siebten und somit letzten Platz. Er selbst kam im Turnierverlauf in drei Spielen zum Einsatz. 1928 belegte er mit seiner Mannschaft den achten von 12 Rängen und kam erneut zu drei Einsätzen. Auf Vereinsebene spielte er für den Cercle Patineurs Anvers in Antwerpen.

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Belgien)
Olympiateilnehmer (Belgien)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1924
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1928
Belgier
Geboren 1904
Gestorben 1965
Mann

François Franck


Tiyatrocu Bengi Heval Öz ve dramaturg Cem Kenar'ın kurduğu Tiyatro-Z, 2006 sezonundan Galata bölgesinde kuruldu. Yeni bir tiyatro mekanı kazandırma çabasındaydı fakat ömrü kısa sürdü. Kendi sahnelerinde hem oyun provalarını yürütüp hem de 70 kişi kapasitesindeki salonlarında oyunlarını oynayan Tiyatro-Z ayrıca çeşitli atölye çalışmaları düzenledi ve çeşitli kurslar açtı.

Dış bağlantılar
 Tiyatro Z
 Küçük Genny Efsanesi - Tiyatro Z
 Tiyatro Z'de Yeni Bir Oyun: Dua Odası
 Alt katınızda bir tiyatro sahnesi olabilir
 Tiyatro Z Ankara'da

Z

Tiyatro-Z


Arsinspor Futbol Külübü, Trabzon'un Arsin ilçesinin takımı olup renkleri sarı-siyahtır. Bölgesel Amatör Lig'de mücadele etmektedir.

Tarihçe
Siyah sarı renklerine sahip olan bir takımdır. 1973 yılında Nihat Gürsoy tarafından kuruldu ve Nihat Gürsoy ilk başkanı seçildi. İbrahim Usta 1995-1996 sezonunda 2. Amatör alarak başkanı oldu. 1995-1996 yılında yenilmeden 1. Amatör Kümeye çıktı. 1995-1996 sezonunda teker teker lig atladı ve 3 yıl sonunda TFF. 3. Lig'e yükseldi. 3. ligin sonunda İbrahim Usta başkanlığı bıraktı. Sonra tekrar 1. Amatör Kümeye düştü. Tekrar İbrahim Usta başkanlığa getirildi ve takım 3. Lig'e çıktı. Daha sonra Yakup Usta başkanlığında 2. Lig'e çıktı.

Mardinspor 47 takımının seri penaltı atışlarında 8-7 önde olduğu 3. Lig'e terfi maçında çıkan olaylar nedeniyle ileri bir tarihe ertelenen maç, sonradan yarıda kalan seri penaltı atışlarıyla kaldığı yerden seyircisiz olarak devam ettirildi. Penaltılarda Arsinspor rakibini 11-10 mağlup ederek tekrar 3. Lig'e yükseldi.

Lig mücadeleleri
 2. Lig: 2000-2001, 2006-2011
 3. Lig: 2004-2006, 2011-2016, 2017-
 Bölgesel Amatör Lig: 2016-2017
 Amatör Lig: 1973-2000, 2001-2003
 1.Amatör Lig:2017-günümüz

Başkanları
Kulüp tarihi boyunca görev yapmış başkanlar şu şekildedir:
 Nihat Gürsoy (1973)
 Necdet Birinci
 Harun Çelik
 İbrahim Usta (1995-1996)
 Gencay Çakıcı
 Suat Sarıalioğlu
 İbrahim Usta (2004-2005)
 Yakup Usta (2005-2006)
 Fikret Ataoğlu
 Paşa Koç
 Mustafa Keleş
 Cengiz Öksüz
 Gökhan Gürsoy (2014)
 Yaşar Küçük (2015-)
 Cengiz Öksüz(2016-Günümüz)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Arsinspor Resmi Web Sitesi

Türkiye'deki futbol kulüpleri
Arsin
1973'te kurulan futbol kulüpleri

Arsinspor


Acineta može označavati:
 Acineta (Chromosta) Ehrenberg, 1834, rod kromista iz porodice Acinetidae.
 Acineta (Plantae) Lindl., acineta, rod jednosupnica iz porodice Orchidaceae

Acineta


Jakost ili intenzitet (njem. Intensität, od lat. intensus: napregnut: općenito znači snaga, jakost, jačina, žestina; stupanj jačine djelovanja ili učinka) je mjera učinka fizikalnog djelovanja, dio je naziva mnogih fizikalnih veličina:
 jakost električnoga polja (oznaka E) je vektorska fizikalna veličina koja opisuje djelovanje električne sile F na česticu električnoga naboja Q, a jednaka je količniku električne sile i električnoga naboja čestice:

Mjerna jedinica jakosti električnoga polja je volt po metru (V/m) ili njutn po kulonu (N/C).
 jakost gravitacijskoga polja (oznaka g) je vektorska fizikalna veličina koja opisuje izvor gravitacijskoga polja; jednaka je količniku gravitacijske sile F i mase m tijela na koje polje djeluje:

Na udaljenosti r od materijalne točke mase M, iznos jakosti gravitacijskoga polja jest:

gdje je G = 6,674 28 · 10–11 Nm²/kg² gravitacijska konstanta. Mjerna je jedinica jakosti gravitacijskoga polja njutn po kilogramu (N/kg). Gravitacijska konstanta
 jakost magnetskoga polja (oznaka H) je vektorska fizikalna veličina koja opisuje uzroke nastanka magnetskoga polja, jednaka je magnetskoj indukciji B podijeljenoj s magnetskom permeabilnošću μ sredstva:

Mjerna je jedinica jakosti magnetskoga polja amper po metru (A/m).
 jakost leće ili optička moć (oznaka j) je fizikalna veličina koja opisuje prelamanje zraka svjetlosti u leći. Za tanke je leće jednaka recipročnoj vrijednosti žarišne daljine f:

Mjerna je jedinica jakosti leće recipročni metar ili dioptrija ((dpt = 1/m)). Prema dogovoru dioptrija je pozitivna za konvergentne (ispupčene, konveksne) leće, a negativna za divergentne (udubljene, konkavne) leće.
 jakost zračenja ili radijacijski intenzitet (oznaka I) je radiometrijska fizikalna veličina koja opisuje elektromagnetsko zračenje iz točkastoga izvora. Količnik je toka zračenja i ugla u koji se zrači. Spektralna jakost zračenja (oznaka Iλ) opisuje jakost elektromagnetskoga zračenja u određenome području valnih duljina. Mjerna jedinica jakosti zračenja jest vat po steradijanu (W/sr).
 jakost zvuka (oznaka I) je fizikalna mjerna veličina koja opisuje energiju zvučnoga vala u vremenskom razdoblju (intervalu) kroz površinu okomitu na smjer širenja vala. Mjerna je jedinica vat po kvadratnom metru (W/m²).
 svjetlosna jakost ili luminacijski intenzitet (oznaka Is) je jedna od sedam osnovnih fizikalna veličina koja opisuje snagu elektromagnetskog zračenja točkastog izvora u području frekvencija vidljive svjetlosti. Određuje se kao količnik svjetlosnoga toka Фs koji emitira točkasti izvor svjetlosti i ugla ω, to jest:

Mjerna jedinica svjetlosne jakosti jest kandela (cd).

Napomena: kako se ne bi ponavljala u velikom broju naziva, u suvremenim se mjeriteljskim normama, gdje god nije nužna, riječ jakost izostavlja (na primjer jakost električne struje naziva se samo električnom strujom).

Izvori

Jakost


සාන්ත පීතර විදුහල' මීගමුව (St. Peter's College, Negombo) (සාන්ත පීතර මධ්‍ය මහා විදුහල'මීගමුව (St. Peter's Central College, Negombo  ) ලෙසද හැඳින්වේ) ' මීගමුව නගරයේ ඇති ජනප්‍රිය රෝමානු කතෝලික' රජයේ මිශ්‍ර පාසලකි.

මුහුදු ලිහිණියන්ගේ සටන
මීගමුව සාන්ත පීතර විදුහල හා කටුනේරිය සාන්ත සෙබස්තියන් විදුහල අතර පවත්වන වාර්ශික ක්‍රිකට් සංග්‍රාමය (Big Match) මුහුදු ලිහිණියන්ගේ සටන (Battle of the Seagulls) ලෙස හැදින්වේ.

2012 වසරේදී ආරම්භ කරන ලදී.

සාන්ත පීතර විදුහල, මීගමුව