Robert, Bob or Bobby Smith, or variants thereof, may refer to:

Business
 Robert MacKay Smith (1802–1888), Scottish businessman, meteorologist and philanthropist who founded Glasgow University's Mackay Smith Prizes
 Robert Barr Smith (1824–1915), Australian businessman and philanthropist
 Robert Hall Smith (1888–1960), American railroad executive who was president of the Norfolk and Western Railway, 1946–1958
 Robert H. Smith (philanthropist) (1928–2009), American builder and developer who developed much of the Crystal City, Virginia neighborhood just south of Washington, D.C.
 Robert P. Smith (philanthropist) (1940–2019), American financial pioneer, philanthropist and author
 Robert Smith, Baron Smith of Kelvin (born 1944), British businessman, governor of the BBC
 Robert F. Smith (investor) (born 1962), American businessman and investor; founder, chairman, and CEO of Vista Equity Partners

Entertainment

Acting
 Robert Wilton Smith (1881–1957), known as Robb Wilton, English comedian and comic actor
 Robert Smith (American actor) (1912–2001), American actor
 Robert Grant Smith (1914–2001), American aeronautical engineer and actor after whom the R.G. Smith Award is named
 Robert O. Smith (1942–2010), American voice actor
 Robert Smith (Canadian actor) (1966–2020), Canadian actor and voice actor

Music
 Robert Archibald Smith (1780–1829), Scottish composer, known for his collection Scotish [sic] Minstrel, a selection from the vocal melodies of Scotland ancient and modern
 Robert Bache Smith (1875–1951), American librettist and lyricist
 Robert Curtis Smith (1930–2010), American Piedmont blues singer, guitarist and songwriter
 Bobby Smith (rhythm and blues singer) (1936–2013), American musician, lead singer of the (Detroit) Spinners
 Robert Weston Smith (1938–1995), known as Wolfman Jack, American disc jockey famous for his gravelly voice
 Bob Smith (1942–1991), founder, singer, keyboardist and drummer for Cat Mother & the All Night Newsboys
 Robert Dean Smith (born 1956), American operatic tenor
 Robert W. Smith (musician) (1958–2023), American composer, arranger and teacher
 Robert Smith (musician) (born 1959), English musician, lead singer and guitarist of The Cure
 Robert L. Smith (recording engineer) (born 1965), American recording engineer and record producer in New York City
 Rob Smith (Irish musician) (born 1982), Irish singer-songwriter and DJ
 Rob Smith (British musician), English contemporary DJ, musician, and remixer
 Rob Sonic, American rapper and record producer

Writing
 Robert Paul Smith (1915–1977), American author
 Robert W. Smith (writer) (1926–2011), American martial artist and historian
 Robert Kimmel Smith (1930–2020), American novelist and children's author
 Bob Smith (born 1941), American author who wrote the memoir Hamlet's Dresser
 Rob Magnuson Smith, British-American novelist, short story writer, and university lecturer

Stage name
 Robert Emil Schmidt (1917–1998), nicknamed Buffalo Bob Smith, American host of TV show Howdy Doody
 Bob and Roberta Smith, pseudonym for British artist Patrick Brill (born 1963)

Other entertainment
 Robert Emmet Smith (1914–1988), American film art director and production designer
 Bob Smith (comics) (born 1951), American comic book inker
 Bob Smith (comedian) (1958–2018), American comedian and author
 Normal Bob Smith (born 1969), American graphic artist, writer, and atheist activist
 Robert Farrell Smith (born 1970), American humorist who writes children's books under the name Obert Skye
 Bob Smith (Atari), American video game developer and producer
 Bob Kupa'a Smith (1928–2020), American host of the television show Wordsmith

History
 Robert Smith (professor) (1919–2009), expert on the history of the Yoruba people of Nigeria
 Robert Bruce Smith IV (1945–2014), American music and history expert
 Robert J. A. Smith (born 1951), chairman of the Richmond Local History Society in Richmond, London
 Robert W. Smith (historian), scholar of history and the classics at the University of Alberta

Journalism
 Robert Smith (journalist, born 1940), journalist for The New York Times
 Robert Smith (journalist, born 1967), correspondent for National Public Radio (NPR)
 Rob Smith (journalist), BBC South East TV presenter

Law
 Robert Percy Smith (1770–1845), British lawyer, MP and Judge Advocate-General of Bengal, India
 Robert L. Smith (judge) (1918–1999), Nebraska Supreme Court judge
 Robert Ellis Smith (1940–2018), American attorney and author
 Robert S. Smith (born 1944), New York State Court of Appeals associate judge

Military
 Robert A. Smith (1814–1879), birth name of British soldier and churchwarden Robert Smith-Dorrien
 Robert Smith (Medal of Honor) (1847–1930), American Indian Wars soldier and Medal of Honor recipient
 Robert Smith (Australian Army officer) (1881–1928), Australian wool merchant and army officer
 Robert H. Smith (naval officer) (1898–1943), United States Navy submariner for whom the destroyer/minelayer USS Robert H. Smith was named
 Robert T. Smith (1918–1995), American World War II flying ace

Politics and government

Australia
 Robert Murray Smith (1831–1921), politician in colonial Victoria and Agent-General for Victoria (Australia)
 Robert Burdett Smith (1837–1895), solicitor and politician in colonial New South Wales
 Robert Harrison Smith (1848–1911), member of both the Queensland Legislative Council and the Queensland Legislative Assembly
 Bob Rowland Smith (1925–2012), National Party member of the New South Wales Legislative Council
 Bob Smith (Australian politician) (born 1948), Labor member of the Victorian Legislative Council

Canada
 Robert Smith (Ontario politician) (1819–1900), Canadian Member of Parliament for Peel, Ontario
 Robert Smith (Canadian judge) (1858–1942), Canadian Member of Parliament for Stormont, Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
 Robert Smith (Newfoundland politician) (1879–1972), Newfoundland politician and merchant
 Robert Smith (British Columbia politician), Irish-born Member of the Legislative Assembly of  British Columbia (1871–1878)
 Robert Black Smith (1872–1931), Member of the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick 1917–1925
 Robert Knowlton Smith (1887–1973), Canadian Member of Parliament for Cumberland 1925–1935
 Robert Melville Smith (1887–1950), deputy minister of the Department of Highways of Ontario 1934–1943

New Zealand
 Robert William Smith (politician) (1871–1958),  politician

United Kingdom
 Robert Smith (MP for Wycombe),  Member of Parliament (MP) for Wycombe from 1318 to 1322
 Robert Smith (MP for Derby), MP for Derby in 1420 and 1421
 Robert Smith (MP for Devizes) (fl. 1414–1421), MP for Devizes
 Robert Smith (fl. 1545), MP for Carlisle
 Robert Smith, 1st Baron Carrington (1752–1838), MP for Nottingham
 Robert Percy Smith (1770–1845), British lawyer, MP and Judge Advocate-General of Bengal, India
 Robert Vernon, 1st Baron Lyveden (1800–1873), known as Robert Vernon Smith until 1859, British Liberal Party politician and MP
 Robert Smith (trade unionist) (1862–1934), general secretary of the National Union of Scottish Mineworkers and British Labour Party politician
 Sir Robert Smith, 1st Baronet (1880–1957), Scottish Unionist politician and MP for Aberdeen and Kincardine Central
 Robert Smith (colonial administrator) (1887–1959), British governor of North Borneo
 Sir Robert Smith, 3rd Baronet (born 1958), Liberal Democrat politician and MP for West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine
 Bobby Smith (activist) (born 1982), British political and fathers' rights activist

United States
 Robert Smith (Cabinet member) (1757–1842), Secretary of State and of the Navy
 Robert Barnwell Smith (1800–1876), known as Robert Barnwell Rhett, U.S. Senator and Representative from South Carolina
 Robert Smith (Illinois politician) (1802–1867), U.S. Representative from Illinois
 Robert Hardy Smith (1813–1878), Alabama politician who was a senior officer of the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War
 Robert Burns Smith (1854–1908), governor of Montana
 Robert Lloyd Smith (1861–1942), educator, businessman, and politician in the Texas Legislature
 Robert B. Smith (Virginia mayor), mayor of Newport News, Virginia 1956–1958
 Robert Solwin Smith (1924–2013), American ambassador to the Côte d'Ivoire
 Robert P. Smith (ambassador) (1929–2012), American diplomat
 Robert Freeman Smith (1931–2020), U.S. Representative from Oregon
 Robert L. Smith (politician) (born 1931), Republican politician from Idaho
 Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician) (born 1941), U.S. Senator from New Hampshire
 Bob Smith (New Jersey politician) (born 1947), New Jersey state senator
 Robert C. Smith (political scientist) (born 1947), political science professor at San Francisco State University
 Robert J. Smith II (born 1963), American attorney and New Jersey state legislator

Religion
 Robert Smith (bishop) (1732–1801), English-born American clergyman, planter and prelate of the Episcopal Church who served as the first bishop of the Diocese of South Carolina
 Robert Payne Smith (1818–1895), Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford and Dean of Canterbury
 Robert Pearsall Smith (1827–1899), lay leader in the Holiness movement in the United States and the Higher Life movement in the United Kingdom
 Robert H. Smith (theologian) (1932–2006), American Lutheran clergyman, theologian, author and lecturer
 Robert Smith (priest) (1932–2010), American Catholic priest, author, and educator

Science, engineering and medicine
 Robert William Smith (surgeon) (1807–1873), Irish surgeon and pathologist
 Robert Angus Smith (1817–1884), Scottish chemist, discoverer of acid rain
 Robert Murdoch Smith (1835–1900), Scottish engineer, archaeologist and diplomat
 Robert Smith (surgeon) (1840–1885), Sierra Leonean medical doctor and the first African to become a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
 Bob Smith (doctor) (1879–1950), American physician and surgeon who co-founded Alcoholics Anonymous
 Robert Allan Smith (1909–1980), Scottish physicist
 Robert J. Smith (anthropologist) (1927–2016), Cornell University anthropologist
 Robert H. T. Smith (born 1935), Australian-Canadian professor of geography
 Robert L. Smith (academic), American engineer, academic and author
 Robert Smith (aerospace engineer), American business executive and aerospace engineer

Sports

Association football
 Robert Smith (footballer, born 1848) (1848–1914), Scottish international footballer born in Aberdeen
 Robert Smith (Darwen footballer), English footballer for Darwen in the 1890s
 Bobby Smith (footballer, born 1870), English footballer born in Stoke-upon-Trent, Staffordshire
 Bobby Smith (footballer, born 1900s), Scottish footballer born in Kirkcaldy, Fife
 Robert Smith (footballer, born 1912), English football player and manager born in Atherton, Lancashire (now Greater Manchester)
 Bob Smith (footballer) (1923-?), English professional footballer born in Walkden, Lancashire (now Greater Manchester)
 Bobby Smith (footballer, born 1933) (1933–2010), English footballer born in Lingdale, North Yorkshire
 Bobby Smith (Irish footballer) (1922–1992), Irish football player
 Bobby Smith (Canadian soccer) (born 1940), Canadian soccer player
 Bobby Smith (footballer, born 1941) (1941–2019), English footballer born in Barnsley, South Yorkshire
 Bobby Smith (footballer, born 1944), English footballer and manager born in Prestbury, Cheshire
 Rob Smith (footballer, born 1950), English footballer born in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire
 Bobby Smith (American soccer) (born 1951), American soccer player born in Trenton, New Jersey
 Bobby Smith (footballer, born 1953) (1953–2010), Scottish footballer born in Dalkeith, Midlothian
 Rob Smith (soccer) (born 1973), American soccer player born in Wilmington, Delaware

Australian rules football
 Bob Smith (Australian footballer, born 1877) (1877–1939), Australian rules footballer for Fitzroy
 Bob Smith (Australian footballer, born 1906) (1906–1987), Australian rules footballer for North Melbourne
 Rob Smith (Australian footballer) (1951–2013), Australian rules footballer for North Melbourne

Gridiron football
 Bob Smith (defensive back, born 1925) (1925–2002), American football defensive back
 Bob Smith (fullback) (1929–2005), American football fullback
 Bob Smith (halfback) (born 1933), American football halfback
 Bobby Smith (safety) (born 1938), American football defensive back
 Bob Smith (American football coach) (born 1940), college football coach
 Bobby Smith (running back) (born 1942), American football running back
 Bob Smith (defensive back, born 1945), American football defensive back
 Rob Smith (American football, born 1957), college football coach
 Rob Smith (Canadian football) (born 1958), Canadian football offensive lineman
 Robert Smith (defensive end) (born 1962), American football defensive end
 Robert Smith (running back) (born 1972), American football running back
 Rob Smith (American football, born 1984), American football player
 Robert Smith (safety) (born 1992), American football safety
 Robbie Smith (Canadian football) (born 1997), Canadian football defensive lineman

Baseball
 Bob Smith (catcher) (1907–unknown), Negro league baseball player
 Bob Smith (infielder) (born 1974), infielder for the Tampa Bay Devil Rays
 Bob Smith (pitcher, born 1890) (1890–1965), Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher for the White Sox, 1913–1915
 Bob Smith (pitcher, born 1895) (1895–1987), MLB pitcher for the Braves, Cubs, and Reds, 1923–1937
 Bob Smith (pitcher, born 1928) (1928–2003), MLB pitcher for the Red Sox, Cubs, and Indians, 1958–1959
 Bob Smith (pitcher, born 1931) (1931–2013), MLB pitcher for the Red Sox, Cardinals, Pirates, and Tigers, 1955–1959
 Bobby Smith (baseball) (1934–2015), MLB outfielder, 1957–1965
 Robert Smith (baseball) (1936–2021), International Baseball Federation president; instrumental in baseball becoming an Olympic sport
 Rob Smith (baseball), American college baseball coach

Basketball
 Bobby Smith (basketball) (1937–2020), American basketball player
 Bingo Smith (born 1946), American basketball player
 Robert Smith (basketball) (born 1955), American basketball player, NBA

Cricket
 Robert Smith (Australian cricketer) (1868–1927), Australian cricketer; played one first-class cricket match for Victoria in 1890
 Robert Smith (Derbyshire cricketer) (1848–1899), English cricketer; played first class cricket for Derbyshire 1871–84, captain 1876–83
 Robert Smith (South African cricketer) (1923–2001), South African cricketer
 Robert Smith (Wellington cricketer) (born 1946), New Zealand cricketer
 Robert Smith (Otago cricketer) (born 1974), Australian cricketer who played in New Zealand
 Robert Smith (Cumberland cricketer) (born 1982), English cricketer; played for Cumberland in 2001

Equestrian sports
  Robert Augustus Smith (1869–1942), American racehorse trainer
 Robert Smith (equestrian) (born 1961), British Olympic equestrian

Hockey
 Bob Smith (ice hockey) (born 1946), Canadian minor pro hockey player
 Bobby Smith (ice hockey) (born 1958), all-star NHL hockey player
 Rob Smith (field hockey) (born 1961), Canadian field hockey Olympian

Martial arts
 Robert Smith (boxer) (1908–?), South African Olympic boxer
 Robby Smith (born 1987), American Greco-Roman wrestler

Water sports
 Bob Smith (rower) (1909–1993), New Zealand rower
 Robert Smith (canoeist) (1929–2001), Canadian sprint canoer
 Robert J. Smith (sailor), in the 1973 Star World Championships

Other sports
 Bob Smith (coach) (1912–1994), American football, basketball, and baseball coach
 Robert Smith (bowler) (born 1974), American professional ten-pin bowler
 Bobby Smith (javelin thrower) (born 1982), American javelin thrower
 Rob Smith (racing driver) (born 1992), British racing driver
 Robbie Smith (rugby union) (born 1998), Scottish rugby union player
 Robert Smith (sport shooter), English sport shooter

Other
 Robert Smith (mathematician) (1689–1768), English mathematician and music theorist
 Robert Smith (architect) (1722–1777), American architect
 Robert Cross Smith (1795–1832), English astrologer
 Robert W. Smith (chess player) (born 1956), New Zealand chess FIDE Master
 Robert Rowland Smith (born 1965), British lecturer, writer on philosophy, literature and psychoanalysis and columnist

See also
 Robert Smyth (disambiguation)
 Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland business school
 Robert Smit (died 1977), murdered South African politician
 Roberts-Smith (disambiguation)

Robert Smith


El vuelo 427 de USAir era un vuelo nacional estadounidense entre el Aeropuerto Internacional Chicago-O'Hare de Chicago, Illinois y el Aeropuerto Internacional de West Palm Beach de Palm Beach, Florida, con escala en el Aeropuerto Internacional de Pittsburgh, en Pittsburgh, Pensilvania, que se estrelló el 8 de septiembre de 1994 cerca de Pittsburgh en su aproximación final al aeropuerto. Todos sus 127 pasajeros y 5 miembros de la tripulación murieron en este accidente cuando el Boeing 737 que realizaba el vuelo giró sin control alguno hacia la izquierda hasta estrellarse.

La causa del accidente fue atribuida a una falla mecánica del timón de cola, producida por el bloqueo de la válvula servodual, la cual se bloqueó sin explicación alguna. Años atrás, en 1991, el vuelo 585 de United Airlines había tenido el mismo destino trágico. Finalmente en 1996 el vuelo 517 de Eastwind Airlines presentó otra vez la misma falla; todos sus ocupantes resultaron ilesos y el avión que realizaba ese vuelo aterrizó sin mayores incidentes. Como ese avión se conservó intacto se pudo realizar una investigación exhaustiva que demostró la causa de la caída del vuelo 585 y el vuelo 427 los años anteriores y se propusieron medidas para evitar nuevos accidentes similares.

Como consecuencia Boeing reemplazó la válvula servodual de todos los Boeing 737 operativos en el mundo, costándole mucho dinero, a fin de evitar más tragedias causadas por el bloqueo de la válvula servodual.

Tripulación de vuelo

La tripulación de vuelo estaba formada por el capitán Peter Germano, de 45 años, contratado por USAir en febrero de 1981, y el primer oficial Charles B. "Chuck" Emmett III, de 38 años, contratado en febrero de 1987 por Piedmont Airlines (que se fusionó con USAir en 1989). Ambos eran considerados excelentes pilotos y tenían mucha experiencia: Germano registró aproximadamente 12.000 horas de vuelo, incluidas 4.064 en el Boeing 737, mientras que Emmett registró 9.000 horas de vuelo, 3.644 en el 737. Los asistentes de vuelo Stanley Canty y April Slater fueron contratados en 1989 por Piedmont Aerolíneas. La asistente de vuelo Sarah Slocum-Hamley fue contratada en octubre de 1988 por USAir.

Aeronave
La aeronave involucrada era un Boeing 737-3B7 , matrícula N513AU, y previamente registrada como N382AU. El avión se entregó en 1987 y estaba propulsado por dos motores CFM56-3B2 . La aeronave había registrado aproximadamente 18.800 horas de vuelo antes del accidente. Al momento del accidente tenía 7 años.

Accidente
En su fase de llegada acercándose a Pittsburgh, el vuelo 427 fue secuenciado detrás del vuelo 1083 de Delta Air Lines , un Boeing 727-200. En ningún momento el vuelo 427 estuvo a menos de 4,1 millas de Delta 1083, según datos de radar. El vuelo 427 estaba en aproximación a 6.000 pies (1.800 m) de altitud, en configuración de flaps 1 ya aproximadamente 190 nudos.

A las 19:02:57, la aeronave entró en la estela turbulenta del Delta 1083 y se produjeron tres golpes repentinos, sonidos de chasquido y un golpe más fuerte, después de lo cual el 737 comenzó a ladearse y rodar hacia la izquierda. Cuando el avión se detuvo, Germano exclamó "¡Espera!" numerosas veces, mientras Emmett, bajo esfuerzo físico, decía: "¡Oh, mierda!"  Germano exclamó: "¿Qué diablos es esto?"  Cuando el control de tráfico aéreo notó que el vuelo 427 descendía sin permiso, Germano pulsó el micrófono y dijo: "¡Cuatro Dos Siete, emergencia!"  Debido a que el micrófono permaneció activado durante el resto del incidente, las exclamaciones que siguieron en la cabina se escucharon en la torre de Pittsburgh. La aeronave continuó rodando mientras se inclinaba hacia el suelo con el morro hacia abajo. Tratando de contrarrestar el fuerte aumento de las fuerzas G, Germano gritó "¡Tira!" tres veces consecutivas antes de gritar, durante las cuales Emmett dijo "Dios, no" segundos antes del impacto. Con una inclinación de 80 ° hacia abajo y una inclinación de 60 Grados hacia la izquierda mientras viajaba a aproximadamente 300 mph (480 km / h), el 737 se estrelló contra el suelo y explotó a las 19:03:25 en Municipio de Hopewell, condado de Beaver, Pensilvania ,  cerca de Aliquippa. , aproximadamente 28 segundos después de entrar en la estela turbulenta.

Investigación de la NTSB
Los investigadores de la NTSB manejaron como posibles causas un choque con aves, falla de los motores, error del piloto y falla del timón de cola. De estas 4 hipótesis la falla del timón de cola cobró más fuerza.

Dos años después del accidente, en octubre de 1996, la válvula servodual del Boeing 737-300 fue sometida a la prueba de shock térmico, que consiste en congelar el dispositivo con nitrógeno e inyectarle líquido hidráulico caliente. Durante la prueba el dispositivo se bloqueó, lo que puso en evidencia la falla del timón de cola en muchos 737 operativos en todo el mundo.

Similitud con otros incidentes
 El 3 de marzo de 1991, el vuelo 585 de United Airlines, un Boeing 737-200, giró descontroladamente a la derecha en su aproximación final al aeropuerto de Colorado Springs. Los 20 pasajeros y 5 miembros de la tripulación murieron cuando el avión cayó cerca de la pista de aterrizaje.

 El 9 de junio de 1996, el vuelo 517 de Eastwind Airlines, un Boeing 737-200, giró a la derecha en su aproximación final al aeropuerto de Richmond, Virginia. solo hubo 1 lesionado con heridas menores y el avión aterrizó intacto en el aeropuerto.

 El 19 de diciembre de 1997 el Vuelo 185 de Silk Air, un Boeing 737-36N, giró sin control a la derecha en pleno vuelo, aunque otra investigación señala que fue un acto deliberado de uno de los pilotos (suicidio). Fallecieron todos sus ocupantes.

Filmografía
Este accidente fue reseñado en la cuarta temporada de la serie Mayday: catástrofes aéreas, en el episodio Peligro oculto y en el especial Piezas fatales junto con los vuelos 585 de United Airlines y 517 de Eastwind.

Véase también
 Accidente de aviación
 Anexo:Accidentes más graves de aviación (1953-presente)
 Anexo:Accidentes e incidentes notables en la aviación civil

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 https://web.archive.org/web/20110906075930/http://www.airdisaster.com/cvr/us427tr.shtml
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110925031126/http://www.airdisaster.com/investigations/us427/usair427.shtml

UsAir
UsAir
Estados Unidos en 1994
UsAir
UsAir
427
Accidentes e incidentes de Mayday: catástrofes aéreas

Vuelo 427 de USAir


(născută 11 septembrie 1986) este o actriță japoneză și un gravure idol din Fukuoka, Fukuoka.

Filmografie

Filme
 Emiko Okamura (Alto Saxophone) în Swing Girls (2004)
 OneChanbara (film) (2008)

Seriale TV
 Natsuki Mamiya (BoukenYellow) în GoGo Sentai Boukenger (2006).
 Matsushiro Hikaru în Mei-chan no Shitsuji (2009).

Anime-uri
 Dragonaut -The Resonance- (2007)
 Penguin Musume Heart (2008)
 Shikabane Hime (2008)

Legături externe
 NakamuraChise.com , her official website
Nașteri în 1986
Actrițe japoneze
Gravure idol japoneze
Actrițe de dublaj japoneze
Oameni în viață

Chise Nakamura


Međupodsavezna nogometna liga Daruvar – Virovitica je bila liga petog stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije u sezoni 1975./76.
Sudjelovalo je 14 klubova, a prvak je bila "Zdenka" iz Velikih Zdenaca.

Ljestvica

 poredak bez jedne utakmice
 Obilićevo, skraćeno za Novo Obilićevo – tadašnji naziv za Zvonimirovo

Rezultatska križaljka

Izvori:

Povezani članci
 Zagrebačka zona – Sjever 1975./76.
 Općinska liga Daruvar 1975./76.
 1. općinska liga Virovitica 1975./76.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

 library.foi.hr, "Virovitički list"
 library.foi.hr, "Virovitički list" - tjednik SSRN općine Virovitica, br. 971 (22/1976), god. XXIV, objavljeno 18. lipnja 1976., str. 8 (završetak lige), preuzeto 1. kolovoza 2021.
  library.foi.hr, "Jednota", br. 24/1976 (1561), god. 31, izdano 12. lipnja 1976., str. 18 (25. kolo i ljestvica), preuzeto 17. prosinca 2022.
 Duško Kliček: 60 godina nogometa u Siraču 1937. - 1997., Sirač, 1997., str. 14-15

1975-76 MPSL Darvar-Virovitica
MPSL Daruvar-Virovitica
1975-76 MPSL Darvar-Virovitica

Međupodsavezna nogometna liga Daruvar – Virovitica 1975./76.


Um sinal algedônico é uma mensagem enviada por um sistema que sinaliza um pedido de interferência a um metasistema. Um exemplo comum é quando uma parte do corpo envia ao cérebro uma mensagem sinalizando prazer ou dor. Tal proposta foi definida por Stafford Beer em seu livro Brain of The Firm. Um mecanismo de estimulação pode gerar um sinal algedônico e, assim, fornecer um importante mecanismo de sobrevivência para um organismo vivo, alertando-o para uma possível ameaça. Um exemplo de uma consequências desastrosa de tal característica não existir em certos sistemas é o de uma mariposa que ao se sentir atraída pela luz de uma chama, acaba por falecer sem reconhecer o perigo de ser incendiada.

No sistema nervoso humano, uma variedade de sinais algedônicos estão presentes na formação reticular do mesencéfalo em todo o corpo. Uma fonte de dor, como pisar em vidro quebrado ou tocar uma superfície em chamas, gera um sinal algedônico, interrompendo o fluxo normal de consciência e provocando uma reflexo.

Cibernética

Sinal algedônico


Le Lady Southern Cross est un monoplan Lockheed Altair. C'est à bord de cet avion que le pionnier de l'aviation australien Charles Kingsford Smith effectue le premier vol transpacifique vers l'est, entre l'Australie et les États-Unis, en 1934.

Richmond, Virginia

Le monoplan est initialement acheté par  en 1930 pour essayer de traverser l'océan Atlantique plus rapidement que Charles Lindbergh en 1927. Il s'agit d'un Lockheed Model 8 Sirius auquel il donne le nom de Richmond, Virginia, d'après sa ville d'origine. Après le crash du Richmond, Virginia le 2 août 1930, Hutchinson abandonne ses projets et décide de vendre l'avion pour payer ses dettes.

Livraison et premiers records

En avril 1934, Charles Kingsford Smith commande un monoplan Lockheed Altair à Lockheed pour participer à la course aérienne MacRobertson en octobre de la même année. L'avion est reconstruit à partir du Richmond, Virginia.

L'avion est livré par bateau, le SS Mariposa, à Sydney en juillet 1934. Il porte la livrée bleue demandée par Kingsford Smith et le nom ANZAC. Le gouvernement australien s'oppose cependant à l'utilisation commerciale de cette abréviation et Kingsford Smith est contraint de l'enlever. L'avion est renommé Lady Southern Cross. Ce nom fait référence au Southern Cross avec lequel Kingsford Smith a réalisé la première traversée de l'océan Pacifique en 1928 et qui l'a rendu célèbre. Le titre "Lady" est donné en l'honneur de son épouse, Mary Powell.

Charles Kingsford Smith et son copilote  établissent plusieurs records de vitesse avec le Lady Southern Cross en volant entre des villes australiennes alors qu'ils se préparent à se rendre en Angleterre pour la course MacRobertson entre Londres et Melbourne. Ils partent pour l'Angleterre le , avec une première escale prévue à Darwin. Des tempêtes de poussière et une rupture du capot moteur les contraignent cependant à rentrer à Sydney et à se retirer de la course.

Vol transpacifique

Alors que le Lady Southern Cross risque le retrait de son certificat de navigabilité s'il ne quitte pas l'Australie et que les pilotes sont en grande difficultés financières, Charles Kingsford Smith décide de tenter la première traversée vers l'est de l'océan Pacifique en avion, de l'Australie aux États-Unis.

Kingsford Smith et Taylor quittent l' le  et entreprennent le voyage inverse de celui effectué par le Southern Cross en 1928 : Brisbane - Fidji - Hawaï - Oakland. Ils arrivent sains et saufs à Oakland le , soit  plus tard. Bien que le Lockheed Altair soit un avion beaucoup plus rapide que le Fokker F.VII, le trajet a pris six jours de plus que le vol de 1928 à cause du mauvais temps aux Fidji et de réparations importantes des systèmes de carburant et d'huile réalisées à Hawaï.

Le Lady Southern Cross est ensuite confié à Lockheed à Burbank (en Californie) pour réparation, révision et stockage.

Disparition
Une fois la maintenance du Lady Southern Cross terminée, Kingsford Smith traverse les États-Unis jusqu'à New York en . Il fait ensuite embarquer le Lady Southern Cross sur un navire pour l'Angleterre. Après avoir obtenu un certificat de navigabilité britannique, Charles Kingsford Smith et son copilote Tommy Pethybridge quittent l'aéroport de Croydon à Londres le  pour tenter de battre le record de vitesse entre l'Angleterre et l'Australie établi lors de la course aérienne MacRobertson l'année précédente.

Aux premières heures du , Charles Kingsford Smith et Tommy Pethybridge disparaissent au-dessus de la mer d'Andaman alors qu'ils reliaient Allahabad à Singapour. L'aviateur Charles James Melrose affirme avoir vu le Lady Southern Cross combattre une tempête  au-dessus de lui et à  du rivage avec des flammes provenant de son échappement.

Dix-huit mois plus tard, le , des pêcheurs birmans trouvent une partie d'un train d'atterrissage échouée sur l' dans le golfe de Martaban. Lockheed confirme que celui-ci provient du Lady Southern Cross. Les botanistes qui ont examiné la végétation sur le train d'atterrissage ont estimé que l'avion lui-même et son équipage devaient se trouver non loin de l'ile à une profondeur d'environ . La jambe et la roue du train d'atterrissage sont maintenant exposées au Powerhouse Museum de Sydney.

En 2009, une équipe de tournage de Sydney affirme avoir trouvé le Lady Southern Cross. Cette affirmation n'a cependant jamais été confirmée.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Aéronef Lockheed
Avion à hélices
Avion monomoteur
Histoire de l'aéronautique
Avion des années 1930
Avion à ailes basses
1934
Avion disparu

Lady Southern Cross


Laia Jufresa, née en  à Mexico au Mexique, est une romancière mexicaine.

Biographie

Laia Jufresa naît à Mexico en 1983. Enfant, elle grandit dans la région rurale de Veracruz avant de revenir adolescente à Mexico. Elle vit ensuite à Paris, où elle obtient une licence en lettres de l'université de la Sorbonne, en Espagne, où elle poursuit ses études par une maîtrise dans le domaine des livres illustrés pour enfants, en Argentine et en Allemagne.

Elle est l'auteur d'un recueil de nouvelles et de contes, El esquinista, publié en 2014. Elle publie l'année suivante son premier roman, Umani, qui est lauréat en 2016 du prix du meilleur premier roman en langue espagnole lors du festival du premier roman de Chambéry.

En 2017, elle est retenue au sein de la Bogota39, une liste de 39 écrivains latino-américains de moins de 40 ans qui sont jugés parmi les plus remarquables à l'occasion du .

Œuvre

Romans et recueils de nouvelles et de contes
 El esquinista (2014)
 Umami (2015)

Prix et distinctions notables
 Prix du meilleur premier roman en langue espagnole lors festival du premier roman de Chambéry en 2016.

Notes et références

Liens externes

  Intervista a Laia Jufresa

Auteur de contes
Romancière mexicaine
Femme de lettres mexicaine
Nouvelliste mexicain du XXIe siècle
Naissance à Mexico
Naissance en 1983

Laia Jufresa


The Royle Family is a British sitcom produced by Granada Television for the BBC, which ran for three series from 1998 to 2000, and specials from 2006 to 2012. It centres on the lives of a television-fixated Manchester family, the Royles, comprising family patriarch Jim Royle (Ricky Tomlinson), his wife Barbara (Sue Johnston), their daughter Denise (Caroline Aherne), their son Antony (Ralf Little) and Denise's fiancé (later husband) David (Craig Cash).

The series features simple production values and a comic portrayal of working-class family life at the turn of the millennium. It therefore has something in common with kitchen sink drama. Almost all of the episodes take place in the Royles' home, largely in the telly-centric living room, with the humour derived from the conversations held therein. Aherne and Cash co-wrote every episode, along with Henry Normal (series one), Carmel Morgan (series two), and Phil Mealey (five Christmas specials). The later specials are presented in a more traditional sitcom format. A further special episode was set to be written, but Aherne was ill and died on 2 July 2016, effectively ending the programme.

In the British Film Institute's list of the 100 greatest British television programmes drawn up in 2000 and voted on by industry professionals, The Royle Family was placed 31st. In a 2001 Channel 4 poll, Jim Royle, the misanthropic head of the household known for such mocking phrases as "my arse!", was ranked eleventh on their list of the 100 Greatest TV Characters. In a 2004 BBC poll to find Britain's Best Sitcom, The Royle Family was placed 19th. The series also won several BAFTA awards.

Series
Most episodes appear to take place in real time and all action takes place within the Royles' council house home. (The passage of time as indicated by the changing programmes on the Royles' TV sometimes suggests that the action has been compressed.)

Unlike most UK sitcoms of the time, the show was filmed in 16 mm film using single camera production style and was not filmed in front of an audience. The producer Glenn Wilhide is on record as saying, "It was a big fight to make sure it had no laugh track".

The one-off specials take a more traditional sitcom storyline, though many scenes still run longer than standard in line with the 'real time' nature of the original series. The 2006 special episode "The Queen of Sheba" was partly set in a hospital. Its narrative moves forward in time in a more structured manner. 2008's Christmas special, "The New Sofa", is set over two days. In it the characters spend Christmas Eve at the Royle household in the traditional manner (in front of the television), followed by Christmas Day at Dave and Denise's. Much of the 2009 Christmas special takes place in a caravan at a holiday park. It also features intermediate scenes of Dave driving the car there. Both the 2010 and 2012 Christmas specials take place at the Royles' house. There was widespread speculation as to whether the show would return after the 2012 special. In 2016, Tomlinson said that there would probably be a Christmas special that year; however, Aherne's death in July 2016 effectively ended any chances of a return for the show.

The show's theme song is "Half the World Away" by Oasis. When Aherne died, ex-Oasis member Noel Gallagher performed a tribute to Aherne by playing it during a concert in Nashville, Tennessee.

Characters

Main
Ricky Tomlinson as James Randolph "Jim" Royle
Misanthropic, cynical, and selfish, Jim is a slob who spends his days sitting in his armchair, watching television doing as little as possible, and enjoys announcing his visits to the lavatory. Jim is an impatient miser and regularly mocks his family, in particular his son Antony and his mother-in-law Norma, when not judging celebrities on television. Jim's outbursts are often accompanied by his critical catchphrase, "my arse!" On occasions he shows a more understanding side, especially when his family needs emotional support. Jim has shown himself to be a big music fan. Often knowledgeable about songs, he will sing song lyrics that fit in to conversation. He is also able to play the banjo and does so on special occasions and at the request of his family.
Sue Johnston as Barbara Royle (née Speakman)
Barbara is Jim's long-suffering wife. She lives for her family, and her caring nature is often exploited by her husband Jim and their daughter Denise, who let her do almost everything for them. Despite this, she is often shown to be more friendly, polite, compassionate, and level-headed than her husband. Barbara works part-time at a bakery, and for a time is the only member of the family who holds down a job. The stress of her life causes her to have a breakdown during Series 2. Johnston and Tomlinson previously played a married couple, Sheila and Bobby Grant, in Liverpool-based soap Brookside.
Caroline Aherne as Denise Best (née Royle)
 Jim and Barbara's firstborn child and only daughter is extremely lethargic, pretentious, and apathetic. Before meeting Dave, Denise was engaged to a man named Stewart, but called off the engagement. She marries Dave in the first series, and they have two children, David and Norma, though she rarely looks after them, instead passing her duties on to everyone else. Jim also used to mock her for only serving her husband rudimentary dinners such as Dairylea cheese spread on toast and spaghetti hoops. Denise is known for her heavy reliance on cigarettes. She and Barbara love smoking, and often fill the ashtray. Denise is sometimes verbally abusive to her younger brother Antony, regularly leaving him to babysit her children; she and her father often force him to brew tea for the family. However, there are scenes of Denise being friendly and loyal to those close to her. Sometimes she will stick up for Antony, Nana, or Cheryl if other characters ridicule them, and in an intimate scene in "The Queen of Sheba," she promises Nana that she will make her funeral fun, which she does.
Ralf Little as Antony James Royle (1998–2010)
Jim and Barbara's second child and only son. The family generally treats him like a dogsbody, ordering him to answer the door, make tea, and babysit his nephew and niece. He is the only family member besides Barbara who actually does any work, around the house or otherwise. Jim, Denise, and Dave constantly mock him, and he is surprised in one episode when Denise sticks up for him and Jim shows him a lot of support. Although he was originally unemployed with little prospects, the 2006 special revealed that Antony had become a successful businessman and no longer lives in Manchester. He gets engaged to girlfriend Emma after she falls pregnant and they have a son named Lewis, but they separate and he starts dating a girl named Sarah. In 2009 he is in a relationship with Saskia, who falls pregnant in early 2010 and goes into labour on Christmas Day after he proposes.
Craig Cash as David "Dave" Best
Denise's boyfriend and later husband Dave is initially depicted as a 'jack the lad' cheeky chappy and later portrayed as slow, lethargic, and indolent, perhaps because he works full time and is the sole carer for his and Denise's children. He is shown to be generous and good-natured, often putting up with Denise's selfish lifestyle. He is often Jim's sidekick and takes Jim's side when he argues with Barbara or Denise. Denise often takes advantage of Dave, leaving him to change nappies and comfort their children when they get upset. Denise and Dave announced that she was pregnant, and she later gave birth to baby David, and later in the series, Denise announced another pregnancy and later had a baby girl, whom she named Norma after Barbara's mother. Dave previously dated Denise's enemy, Beverley Macca, which Antony often mentions to annoy Denise. In the later series specials, Dave is portrayed as a dim-witted loafer.

Recurring
Liz Smith as Norma Jean Speakman (Nana) (1998–2006)
Barbara's demanding elderly mother, whom Denise and Antony called "Nana." Jim and Norma had a highly-bitter feud; Jim would call her "greedy old cow" when she didn't share her Revels with him. Norma often looks for sympathy from her family, repeating the fact that she is the only living elderly woman in her block of flats, and she often hints that she wants to move in with the Royles. When her best friend Elsie dies, Jim and Norma argue because Norma goes from mourning to talking about Elsie's television set and clothes. Norma eventually moved in with the Royles when her health rapidly declined and she died during the 2006 special (Liz Smith was 85 at the time). When Nana died, Jim felt extremely remorseful because of how he feuded with her and showed respect by placing her ashes atop the television set, a place where she would always be remembered.
Jessica Hynes as Cheryl Carroll (1998–2010)
 Denise's best friend is the daughter of the Royles' next-door neighbours, Joe and Mary Carroll. She constantly battles with her weight, going from one unsuccessful diet to the next. Jim, Antony, and Dave often ridicule her weight behind her back (and sometimes in front of her). She enjoys looking after Denise's children, and Denise takes full advantage of this. Cheryl is portrayed as unlucky in love, though she has a relationship with Twiggy between the 2006 and 2008 episodes, before leaving him for a man with a burger van. On Christmas Day 2010, Cheryl revealed she had been dating a homeless person called "Spamhead" who stole her father's savings before leaving her. Until 2006, she is credited as Jessica Stevenson.
Doreen Keogh as Mary Carroll (1998–2006)
Mary lives next door to the Royles with her husband Joe and daughter Cheryl. She is Irish and portrayed as a talkative busybody, in direct contrast to her husband. She last appears in the 2006 special and by Christmas 2009 her health has deteriorated and she suffers from severe incontinence. By the 2010 Christmas special, Mary had died.
Peter Martin as Joe Carroll
 Mary's husband and Cheryl's father is very shy, which is a regular source of mockery from Jim and Antony, but after a few drinks he generally becomes more sociable; on a few occasional he has proven to be a talented singer. He also appears to be a lot more confident and happy in Mary's absence. After Mary's death, he carries her ashes around with him, talks of her constantly, and decides to move house before Cheryl convinces him to remain.
Geoffrey Hughes as Twiggy (1998–2008)
Twiggy is a longtime family friend of the Royles, and regularly visits, usually with rip-off materials or stolen goods to sell. He has been in prison, fathered at least two sons, and briefly dated Cheryl. Twiggy sees prison as a holiday and describes it as "recharging the old batteries". Twiggy's criminal tendencies become more serious as the series progresses; from selling knock-off, in "The New Sofa", he appears at Denise's house with several half-empty spirits bottles (with optics still attached), presumably stolen from the local pub; he nonchalantly claims he could have gotten more if the dog hadn't started barking. Twiggy's last appearance was in the 2008 Christmas special as Hughes retired in 2010 and died in 2012.
Andrew Whyment as Darren Sinclair-Jones (1999–2000)
Darren is friends with Antony in Series 2 and 3. Darren is portrayed to be dull, uneducated, and  apathetic. Like Twiggy, Darren is light-fingered and has been sacked, for stealing, from every job he's ever had. His brothers are all in prison, his father is an alcoholic who never leaves the pub, and his mother (when not in hospital with her failing health) lives with Darren in a house where the bailiffs have taken all the furniture. On Christmas Day 2000, Antony and Emma ask Darren to be godfather to their unborn child.
Sheridan Smith as Emma Kavanagh (1999–2000)
Emma is Antony's first girlfriend. She first appears in the Series 2 finale, after being mentioned several times in earlier episodes. Emma comes from a wealthy family, but gets on well with the Royles. In the Series 3 finale, Antony announces his engagement to Emma, which leads Jim and Barbara to assume that Emma is pregnant. In the 2000 Christmas special, Emma's arrogant parents, Roger and Valerie, meet Jim and Barbara for the first time. Emma does not appear in the 2006 special, by which time she has separated from Antony. Antony and Emma continue to share custody of their son Lewis, who appears in the 2006 special.
Joanne Froggatt as Saskia (2010)
Saskia, Antony's girlfriend, is mentioned in the 2009 Christmas special and appears on Christmas Day 2010. She is an A&E nurse and is heavily pregnant when she appears. The Royles have a high level of interest in Saskia and have no respect for her privacy; for example, they read her diary and look through her clothes. In 2009, she did not wish to go to the Royles' because of Jim's behaviour on a previous visit. Antony proposed to Saskia on Christmas Day 2010, on which she went into labour a month early.

Episodes

1998–2000: Original run
The first series aired on BBC Two in 1998, quickly gaining a following such that it was moved to BBC One for the second series in 1999, when it became even more popular. A Christmas special aired in 1999, followed by a third series and another Christmas special in 2000. Whilst each of the episodes can be viewed independently of each other, the first three series each have their own story arc running through them to give a greater sense of continuity, again unique for a British sitcom of this era. In series one the focus is on the buildup to Dave and Denise's wedding day, in the second series it partly focuses on Denise's pregnancy culminating in her giving birth on Christmas Day in the Christmas special. The third series builds up to Baby David's Christening as well as the relationship between Antony and Emma. Certain episodes also appear to parallel each other if the first three series are watched in order- for example the fifth episode of the first season focuses on a row between Dave and Denise whilst the fifth episode of the second season focuses on a row between Jim and Barbara.

In 2000 Aherne announced that she would not write or star in any more episodes. Ricky Tomlinson also pulled out to ensure the show's end.

2006–2012: Specials
On 7 April 2006, the BBC announced that Aherne and Cash were to write a script for a one-off special, which was broadcast on 29 October 2006. The episode received widespread critical acclaim, having been watched by over 8,000,000 viewers.

"The Queen of Sheba" takes place six years after the events of the last series and features Nana's declining health and death. It won the Best Sitcom award at the 2007 BAFTAs, and won the Royal Television Society Award for Best Situation Comedy & Comedy Drama. Liz Smith's performance won her the Best TV Comedy Actress award at the National Television Awards and was BAFTA-nominated.

The 2008 Christmas special, entitled "The New Sofa" was the first that took place mainly outside of the Royles' house. It began at the Royles', but moved to the Bests' house early on. Ralf Little did not appear in this episode, but his character is referenced. The hour-long special aired on Christmas Day 2008, and attracted 10,600,000 viewers, making it the fifth most watched programme on Christmas Day and the fifth most watched for the entire week ending 28 December 2008.

The Royle Family returned as part of Comic Relief, on 13 March 2009. It also marked the return of Ralf Little as Antony, who joined Dave, Denise, Jim and Barbara in the one-off mini episode.

Another Christmas special, "The Golden Egg Cup", was broadcast on 25 December 2009, at 9:00 pm on BBC One and also in HD on the BBC HD channel. The episode was the most watched show on TV on Christmas Day and for the entire week ending 26 December 2009, attracting an audience of 11,740,000 viewers and the highest-rated episode of The Royle Family.

In November 2010 Gold broadcast a two-hour episode called "Behind The Sofa", with interviews from the cast and crew celebrating the show's return in 2006. Another show entitled Royle Family Portraits was aired on Gold on Wednesday 17 November.

Another Christmas special entitled "Joe's Crackers" was aired on 25 December 2010, on BBC One and BBC HD. The ratings for the BBC One transmission were 11,290,000 viewers, making it the fourth-most watched programme of Christmas Day and the sixth most watched for the entire week ending 26 December 2010.

Another Christmas special was planned for 2011. but a script was not completed in time for filming.

A final Christmas special for 2012, entitled "Barbara's Old Ring", aired on 25 December 2012. The broadcast was the third most popular programme on Christmas Day, achieving a rating of 9,900,000 viewers and was the sixth most watched programme for the week ending 30 December, across all UK TV channels.

A short charity special was made for Comic Relief in 2013.

A further special episode was set to be written, but Aherne was ill with lung cancer and died on 2 July 2016, effectively ending the programme. Tomlinson stated that he would not do further episodes without Aherne.

Reception

Ratings

Source: BARB

Awards and nominations

Home media

VHS releases
 The Royle Family: The Complete 1st Series – 8 November 1999.
 The Royle Family: The Complete 2nd Series – 6 November 2000.
 The Essential Royle Family (Marks & Spencer exclusive) – includes Series 1, episode 2, Series 2, episodes 4, 5 & 7 (released 2000).
 The Royle Family: The Complete 3rd Series – 19 November 2001.
 The Royle Family: The Complete 1st Series / The Complete 2nd Series / The Complete Third Series box set – 19 November 2001.
 The Very Best of the Royle Family – 25 November 2002. (see DVD section for episodes).

DVD releases

Streaming
In the United Kingdom, the complete series was made available via several streaming services including BBC iPlayer and subscription services, BritBox and Now. In Australia, the series is currently available to stream via Foxtel Now.

Books
 The Royle Family: The Scripts – Series 1, by Caroline Aherne, Craig Cash, and Henry Normal. London: Granada Media/Andre Deutsch, 15 November 1999.
 The Royle Family: The Scripts – Series 2, by Caroline Aherne, Craig Cash, and Carmel Morgan. London: Granada Media, 18 September 2000.
 The Royle Family: My Arse, by Caroline Aherne. Welbeck Publishing Group, 1 October 2001.
 The Royle Family: The Complete Scripts, covers all scripts from Series 1, 2, and 3. Granada Media, 5 August 2002.

Audiobooks
 The Royle Family (BBC Radio Collection), features four episodes from the first series. BBC Audiobooks Ltd., 6 November 2000.
 The Royle Family 2 (BBC Radio Collection), features four episodes from the second series. BBC Audiobooks Ltd., 5 November 2001.
 The Royle Family 3 (BBC Radio Collection), features four episodes from the third series. BBC Audiobooks Ltd., 25 November 2002.
 The Royle Family Collection (BBC Radio Collection), features twelve episodes from the first, second and third series. BBC Audiobooks Ltd., 25 November 2002.

Connections to other works
The subsequent sitcom Early Doors was also written by Craig Cash and Phil Mealey and has a similar production style and setting to The Royle Family. Cash also appears in Early Doors.

A frequent pastime for the family is watching the BBC series Antiques Roadshow and betting on the outcome of valuations.

In several episodes, the family are seen watching Coronation Street, a long-running Northern English-based soap opera, in which Sue Johnston, Doreen Keogh, Geoffrey Hughes and Andrew Whyment have all played regular characters. Guest actors Sally Lindsay (Michelle, Twiggy's girlfriend), Sharon Duce (Valerie, Emma's Mother), Steve Huison (Derek, Cheryl's Boyfriend) Helen Fraser (Jocelyn Best, Dave's Mother) and Joanne Froggatt (Saskia, Antony's fiancée) have also appeared in the programme.

In the 1999 Christmas special, Nana (Liz Smith) asks when Dibley is on, meaning The Vicar Of Dibley (1994-2007), 'with that big funny girl who dresses up as a vicar', meaning Dawn French. Smith herself had starred in The Vicar Of Dibley in which she had played Letitia Cropley until her character was killed off in 1996.

Sue Johnston and Joanne Froggatt would work together once again on the UK period drama, Downton Abbey, both as lady's maids, Johnston playing Gladys Denker and Froggatt playing Anna Bates.

Caroline Aherne and Craig Cash have both narrated and Cash continues to narrate the Channel 4 series Gogglebox, which, like The Royle Family, features people watching TV.

Ralf Little and Sheridan Smith were also cast as a couple in the BBC Three sitcom Two Pints of Lager and a Packet of Crisps.

Craig Cash  and Sue Johnson co-starred in the 2016 comedy series Rovers

American version
In 2001, it was announced that a proposed remake was in the works and to be retitled The Kennedys. The American version, produced for CBS, featured Randy Quaid as Jim Kennedy, Pamela Reed as Pamela (Barbara), Sarah Ann Morris as Denise, John Francis Daley as Anthony, and Page Kennedy as Roger (Dave). It was set in Boston and followed the lives of a blue-collar, working-class family. The series was to adapt the original plot lines of the first series of The Royle Family. A pilot was produced in April 2001, which did not prove successful and therefore CBS opted not to pick the show up.

References

External links

1998 British television series debuts
2012 British television series endings
1990s British sitcoms
2000s British sitcoms
2010s British sitcoms
BAFTA winners (television series)
BBC television sitcoms
English-language television shows
Television shows produced by Granada Television
Television series about marriage
Television series about dysfunctional families
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows set in Manchester
Television shows shot in Manchester

The Royle Family


São José da Vitória es un municipio brasileño situado en el sur del estado de Bahía, en los márgenes de la carretera BR-101. Es una de las menores ciudades de Bahía. El río Una abastece la ciudad, así como la ciudad vecina de Buerarema. Su población estimada en 2010 era de 5.715 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bahía

São José da Vitória


Die 62. Verleihung des Deutschen Filmpreises Lola fand am 27. April 2012 statt. Der Deutsche Filmpreis ist mit 2,955 Millionen Euro die höchstdotierte Kulturauszeichnung Deutschlands und wird von der 2003 gegründeten Deutschen Filmakademie in 20 Kategorien vergeben. Die Preisverleihung fand wie in den Vorjahren im Berliner Friedrichstadt-Palast statt und wurde vom Fernsehsender Das Erste zeitversetzt ausgestrahlt. Als bester Film setzte sich Andreas Dresens Drama Halt auf freier Strecke durch.

Künstlerischer Leiter der Filmpreisverleihung mit 1800 Gästen war der Filmproduzent Benjamin Hermann, die Regie hatte bei der Veranstaltung Florian Gallenberger inne. Moderiert wurde die Verleihung von den Schauspielern und Filmakademie-Mitgliedern Jessica Schwarz und Elyas M'Barek.

Favorisierte Filme
Die Nominierungen waren am 23. März 2012 im Friedrichstadt-Palast von den Filmakademie-Vorstandsmitgliedern der Sektion Schauspiel Burghart Klaußner, Ulrich Matthes, Christiane Paul und Petra Zieser sowie dem Beauftragten der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien Bernd Neumann bekanntgegeben worden. Die von Benjamin Hermann moderierte Pressekonferenz wurde via Livestream im Internet übertragen. Als Favorit auf den Deutschen Filmpreis galt Christian Petzolds Drama Barbara, das zur Zeit der DDR im Jahr 1980 spielt und eine ausreisewillige Ärztin (dargestellt von Nina Hoss) in den Mittelpunkt stellt, die an ein Provinzkrankenhaus strafversetzt wird. Der auf der Berlinale 2012 mit dem Regiepreis ausgezeichnete Film erhielt acht Nominierungen und konnte sich u. a. Chancen in den Kategorien bester Spielfilm, beste Regie und bester Hauptdarsteller (Ronald Zehrfeld) einrechnen. Auf je sieben Nennungen kamen Roland Emmerichs Historienfilm Anonymus und Andreas Dresens Familiendrama Halt auf freier Strecke, gefolgt von Tim Fehlbaums Endzeit-Thriller Hell (sechs Nominierungen). Als bester Film setzte sich Halt auf freier Strecke durch, der in drei weiteren Kategorien (Regie, Hauptdarsteller, Nebendarsteller) prämiert wurde. Erfolgreichster Film war jedoch Anonymus, der in sechs technischen Kategorien triumphierte. Auf je drei Ehrungen kam David Wnendts Drama Kriegerin, während Barbara nur in der Kategorie Spielfilm den Filmpreis in Silber erhielt.

Kritik der Fachpresse

Die deutsche Fachpresse kritisierte die fehlende Nominierung von Barbara-Hauptdarstellerin Nina Hoss, laut Peter Zander (Berliner Morgenpost) "ein kleiner Makel für die 62. Filmpreis-Verleihung", die sonst eine "konstante Ausgewogenheit" bei den Nominierungen zeige und "ein großes Duell zwischen Petzold und Dresen" erwarten lasse. Mit der Nichtberücksichtigung von Detlev Bucks Rubbeldiekatz und Doris Dörries Glück zeige die Deutsche Filmakademie, dass sie sich "weder von Publikumszahlen noch vom Renommee einzelner Kollegen beeindrucken" lasse, so Zander, der einzig bei den drei Nominierungen von Leander Haußmanns Tragikomödie Hotel Lux eine "gewisse Parteilichkeit" erahnte. Michael Reis (die tageszeitung) kritisierte dagegen die gespaltenen Geschmäcker der Vorauswahljuries bzw. der Filmakademie: "Zwischen der sicheren Seite eines Votums für die Filmkunst (Barbara), Special-Effects (Anonymus), handwerklich gut gemachtem Genrekino (Hell) und zeitgeistigen Problemfilmen bleibt kaum ein Preis für innovatives, experimentierfreudiges und unperfektes Kino, das mehr wagt, als den Konsens zu bedienen." Ähnlich reagierte Daniel Kothenschulte (Berliner Zeitung/Frankfurter Rundschau) auf die Nominierungen, der beklagte, das "kleine", "herausragende künstlerische Filme" wie Schlafkrankheit von Ulrich Köhler, Christoph Hochhäuslers Unter dir die Stadt und Über uns das All von Jan Schomburg überwiegend unberücksichtigt geblieben waren. Tobias Kniebe (Süddeutsche Zeitung) kritisierte dagegen die fehlenden Nominierungen für Doris Dörrie (Glück) und Helmut Dietl (Zettl), "die Showfrauen und -männer, die polternden Selbstdarsteller", welche der deutsche Filme brauche.

Ehrenpreise und "Lola Festival"
Mit dem Ehrenpreis für hervorragende Verdienste um den deutschen Film wurde der Kameramann Michael Ballhaus ausgezeichnet. Ballhaus war bereits in den 1970er Jahren für seine Zusammenarbeit mit dem Regisseur Rainer Werner Fassbinder an Die bitteren Tränen der Petra von Kant (1972) und Despair – Eine Reise ins Licht (1978) als bester Kameramann geehrt worden.

Neu eingeführt wurde der undotierte "Bernd Eichinger Preis". Dieser soll in Erinnerung an den 2011 verstorbenen Filmproduzenten Bernd Eichinger Filmschaffende auszeichnen, die Produktionen im Sinne Eichingers realisieren. Die Auszeichnung erhielt der Komiker, Schauspieler, Drehbuchautor, Regisseur und Filmproduzent Michael "Bully" Herbig.
Gleichzeitig wurden die Nominierungen für Dokumentarfilme von zwei auf drei erhöht.

Im Vorfeld der Preisverleihung fand vom 12. bis 15. April 2012 das Lola Festival in der Berliner Astor Film Lounge statt, bei dem alle nominierten Filmproduktionen gezeigt wurden. Im Rahmen des Festivals sollten auch vier Ausgaben der Gesprächsreihe Lola Festival stattfinden, in denen sich Filmschaffende zwischen den Vorführungen öffentlichen Diskussionen stellen. Außerdem bewirbt ein Minifilm die Filmpreisverleihung auf ca. 1000 Kinoleinwänden.

Auswahlverfahren und Dotierung
Berücksichtigt wurden Filme, die zwischen dem 1. März 2011 und dem 28. Februar 2012 eine reguläre kommerzielle Auswertung im Kino erfahren hatten und die eine "erhebliche deutsche kulturelle Prägung" aufwiesen. Ein Spielfilm, Kinderfilm oder Dokumentarfilm besitzt gemäß den geltenden Richtlinien dann eine erhebliche deutsche kulturelle Prägung, wenn er in deutscher Sprache produziert wurde, der Regisseur oder der Produzent Deutscher oder dem deutschen Kulturkreis zuzurechnen ist oder eine deutsche Produktionsfirma maßgeblich an der Finanzierung des Films beteiligt war.

Die Ermittlung der Nominierungen zum Deutschen Filmpreis fand in einem zweistufigen Auswahlverfahren statt. Drei Vorauswahlkommissionen für die Sparten Spielfilm, Dokumentarfilm und Kinderfilm wurden gebildet, die aus insgesamt 33 Mitgliedern bestanden. Der Großteil der Teilnehmer setzte sich aus 28 Mitgliedern der Deutschen Filmakademie zusammen, gefolgt von vier Vertretern aus dem Ausschuss für Kultur und Medien des Deutschen Bundestages sowie einem branchenerfahrenen externen Mitglied. Insgesamt wurden 43 deutsche Kinofilme vorausgewählt (26 Spielfilme, zwölf Dokumentar- und fünf Kinderfilme). Die vorausgewählten Filme wurden Anfang Januar bekanntgegeben.

Nachdem im Vorjahr auf diese Weise der Film Der ganz große Traum Nominierungen unter anderem in der Kategorie Bester Film erhalten hatte, meldeten 2012 die Produzenten von 24 Filmen ihre Werke für das "Wild-Card"-Verfahren an. Damit werden Filme, die bei der offiziellen Vorauswahl unberücksichtigt blieben, unter besonderer Kennzeichnung trotzdem ins Nominierungsverfahren für alle Kategorien aufgenommen. 2012 gehörten unter anderem dazu Eine ganz heiße Nummer von Markus Goller, Glück von Doris Dörrie, Sommer der Gaukler und Sommer in Orange von Marcus H. Rosenmüller, What a Man von Matthias Schweighöfer und Zettl von Helmut Dietl. Als einziger Erfolg aus dem Verfahren erhielt Wintertochter eine Nominierung in der Kategorie "Bester programmfüllender Kinderfilm".

Im Rahmen der Reihe German Cinema – LOLA@Berlinale wurden die vorausgewählten Filme auf der Berlinale 2012 gezeigt. Die 1352 Mitglieder zählende Deutsche Filmakademie, die auch über die Preisträger abstimmt, ermittelte aus den vorausgewählten und den im Wild-Card-Verfahren eingereichten Filmen die Nominierten.

Mit 2,955 Millionen Euro ist der Deutsche Filmpreis die höchstdotierte Kulturauszeichnung Deutschlands. In den Filmkategorien sind auch Nominierungen dotiert. Bei einem Sieg wird die Nominierungsprämie dem Preisgeld angerechnet, d. h. der beste programmfüllende Spielfilm (Lola in Gold) erhält neben der Nominierungsprämie von 250.000 Euro die gleiche Summe für den Sieg.

Preisträger und Nominierungen

Bester programmfüllender Spielfilm
präsentiert von Iris Berben und Bernd Neumann

 Außerdem nominiert:
 Anonymus – Produktion: Roland Emmerich, Larry Franco und Robert Léger, Regie: Roland Emmerich
 Dreiviertelmond – Produktion: Robert Marciniak und Uli Aselmann, Regie: Christian Zübert
 Hell – Produktion: Thomas Wöbke und Gabriele M. Walther, Regie: Tim Fehlbaum

Bester programmfüllender Dokumentarfilm
präsentiert von Roland Emmerich

Gerhard Richter – Painting – Produktion: Thomas Kufus, Regie: Corinna Belz
 Charlotte Rampling – The Look – Produktion: Gerd Haag, Michael Trabitzsch und Charlotte Uzu, Regie: Angelina Maccarone
 The Big Eden – Produktion: Benny Drechsel und Karsten Stöter, Regie: Peter Dörfler

Bester programmfüllender Kinderfilm
präsentiert von Jessica Schwarz und Elyas M'Barek

Wintertochter – Produktion: Philipp Budweg und Mikolaj Pokromski, Regie: Johannes Schmid
 Tom Sawyer – Produktion: Boris Schönfelder, Regie: Hermine Huntgeburth

Beste darstellerische Leistung – männliche Hauptrolle
präsentiert von Dagmar Manzel

Milan Peschel – Halt auf freier Strecke
 Peter Schneider – Die Summe meiner einzelnen Teile
 Ronald Zehrfeld – Barbara

Beste darstellerische Leistung – weibliche Hauptrolle
präsentiert von Florian David Fitz

Alina Levshin – Kriegerin
 Sandra Hüller – Über uns das All
 Steffi Kühnert – Halt auf freier Strecke

Beste darstellerische Leistung – männliche Nebenrolle
präsentiert von Renate Krößner, Jacob Matschenz und Milan Peschel

Otto Mellies – Halt auf freier Strecke
 Hermann Beyer – Vergiss dein Ende
 Bernhard Schütz – Das System – Alles verstehen heißt alles verzeihen

Beste darstellerische Leistung – weibliche Nebenrolle
präsentiert von Barbara Philipp, Ulrich Matthes und Christian Schwochow

Dagmar Manzel – Die Unsichtbare
 Christina Drechsler – Die Unsichtbare
 Fritzi Haberlandt – Fenster zum Sommer

Beste Regie
präsentiert von Volker Schlöndorff

Andreas Dresen – Halt auf freier Strecke
 Christian Petzold – Barbara
 Hans Weingartner – Die Summe meiner einzelnen Teile

Bestes Drehbuch
präsentiert von Christoph Maria Herbst

David Wnendt – Kriegerin
 Andreas Dresen und Cooky Ziesche – Halt auf freier Strecke
 Christian Petzold – Barbara

Beste Kamera/Bildgestaltung
präsentiert von Meret Becker

Anna J. Foerster – Anonymus
 Hans Fromm – Barbara
 Daniel Gottschalk – Die vierte Macht
 Peter Przybylski – Fenster zum Sommer

Bester Schnitt
präsentiert von Christoph Maria Herbst

Peter R. Adam – Anonymus
 Bettina Böhler – Barbara
 Jörg Hauschild – Halt auf freier Strecke

Bestes Szenenbild
präsentiert von Meret Becker

Sebastian Krawinkel – Anonymus
 Uli Hanisch – Hotel Lux
 Heike Lange – Hell

Bestes Kostümbild
präsentiert von Michael "Bully" Herbig

Lisy Christl – Anonymus
 Anette Guther – Barbara
 Leonie Leuenberger – Hell
 Ute Paffendorf – Hotel Lux

Bestes Maskenbild
präsentiert von Michael "Bully" Herbig

Björn Rehbein und Heike Merker – Anonymus
 Christina Baier – Hell
 Kitty Kratschke, Katharina Nädelin und Georg Korpás – Hotel Lux

Beste Filmmusik
präsentiert von Josef Hader

Lorenz Dangel – Hell
 Oli Biehler – Der Albaner – Shqiptari
 Timo Hietala – Fenster zum Sommer

Beste Tongestaltung
präsentiert von Josef Hader

Hubert Bartholomae und Manfred Banach – Anonymus
 Hubert Bartholomae und Hugo Poletti – Hell
 Andreas Mücke-Niesytka, Dominik Schleier und Martin Steyer – Barbara

Ehrenpreis für herausragende Verdienste um den deutschen Film
präsentiert von Iris Berben

Michael Ballhaus, Kameramann

Bernd Eichinger Preis
präsentiert von Uli Edel

Michael "Bully" Herbig, Komiker, Schauspieler, Drehbuchautor, Regisseur und Produzent

Vorauswahl und Nachbenennungen

Spielfilm-Vorauswahl
26 Produktionen wurden von der 18 Mitglieder umfassenden "Spielfilm"-Kommission für eine Nennung vorausgewählt. Davon wurden 14 Spielfilme durch die Mitglieder der Deutschen Filmakademie für den Deutschen Filmpreis nominiert (grün eingefärbt):

Nachbenennung von Einzelleistungen (Spielfilm)
Gemäß den Richtlinien des Jahres 2012 konnten Mitglieder der Vorauswahlkommission "Spielfilm" für jede Filmpreiskategorie weitere Einzelleistungen für eine Teilnahme am Nominierungsverfahren benennen, mit Ausnahme der Kategorien bester Spielfilm-, Dokumentar- und Kinderfilm. Von den acht Nachbenennungen erhielt nur Nebendarsteller Bernhard Schütz (Das System – Alles verstehen heißt alles verzeihen) eine Nominierung.

Dokumentarfilm-Vorauswahl
12 Produktionen wurden von der sieben Mitglieder umfassenden "Dokumentarfilm"-Kommission für eine Nennung vorausgewählt. Davon wurden drei Dokumentationen durch die Mitglieder der Deutschen Filmakademie für den Deutschen Filmpreis nominiert (grün eingefärbt):

Kinderfilm-Vorauswahl
Fünf Produktionen wurden von der acht Mitglieder umfassenden "Kinderfilm"-Kommission für eine Nennung vorausgewählt. Davon wurde ein Kinderfilm durch die Mitglieder der Deutschen Filmakademie für den Deutschen Filmpreis nominiert (grün eingefärbt). Wintertochter von Johannes Schmid, der mit einer "Wild Card" ins Verfahren gekommen war, erhielt die zweite Nominierung.

Weblinks

 Webpräsenz des Deutschen Filmpreises

Einzelnachweise

2012
Preisverleihung 2012
Filmjahr 2012
Preisverleihung in Berlin
Friedrichstadt-Palast
Film (Berlin)

Deutscher Filmpreis 2012


ස්වයං නොරෝධායනය සමාජ විද්‍යාත්මක දෘෂ්ටියකින්..

ලෝකයේ ජීවත්වන මිනිසුන් කාණ්ඩ කිහිපයකට ඇතුළත් කළහැකි බව සාමාන්‍ය අදහසයි.එහෙත් එම කාණ්ඩ කිරීම් යටතේ එකිනෙකා ඇසුරු කිරීම සදහා දක්වන ලැදියාව අනුව වර්ගීකරණය කළ හැකි ද යන්න උභ‍තෝකෝටිකයක්.එසේ වුවත් මනෝ විද්‍යාත්මකව නම් පුද්ගලයාගේ පෞරුෂ ස්වභාවය අනුව ඔවුන් කෙබදු දැයි නිශ්චය කර දැක්විය හැකියි.ඒ අනුව අන්තර් වර්තිත, බහිර් වර්තිත ලෙස වර්ගීකරණයක් පවතින බව අමුතුවෙන් කිව යුත්තක් නොවේ.නමුත් සමාජ විද්‍යාඥයින් හා සමාජ මානව විද්‍යාඥයින් මිනිසුන් මේ සමාජමය ඇසුරට ඇති රංචු ලැදියාව පිළිබදව තව තවත් ගැඹුරු අධ්‍යයනයන් ට යුමු වීමට නව කොරෝනා හෙවත් චොවිඩ් 19 වෛරසය ව්‍යාප්තියේ ස්වභාවය පදනම්ව මිනිස් හැසිරීම හා සමාජමය හැසිරීම අධ්‍යනය කිරීඑන් වටහා ගත යුතු කරුණකි.එසේ වුවත් මීනිසුන් සාමාජීය සත්ත්ව කොට්ටාශයක් ලෙස සමාජ විද්‍යාඥයින් අර්ථ දක්වන්නේ සමස්ථ හැසිරීම් අධ්‍යයනය කිරීමෙන් නම් එය මෙවන් අවදානම් සුවිශේෂී අවස්ථාවන්(දවසක් දෙකක් සතියක් හමාරක් මතු නොව මාසයක් දෙකක් පමණක් නොව දිගු කළක් ගත කරන බැවින්)තුළ ප්‍රදර්ශනය වන්නේ කෙසේ ද යන්න අවධානය යොමු කළ යුතු ය.බටහිර රටවල විශේෂයෙන් ම කාර්මීකරණය ට හා යන්ත්‍රසූත්‍ර බදු ජීවිත ගත කරන මිනිස් කොට්ටාශයන් ගේ හැසිරීමත් පෙරදිග විශේෂයෙන් ම දකුණු ආසියාතික කලාපයේ මිනිසුන්ගේ සාමාජීය හැසිරීම් ස්වභාවයත් එකිනෙකට සාපේක්ෂ වෙනසක් පවතියි.ශ්‍රී ලංකාව ඉන්දියාව වැනි දකුණු ආසියානු කලාපයේ රටවල් බොහොමයක තවමත් එකට එක්වී ජීවත් වීමට සජීවීව ලං වී අදහස් හුවමාරු කර ගැනීමට දුක සැප බෙදා ගැනීමට,හාදකම් පැවැත්වීමට මිතුරු කම් පැවැත්වීමට ,නෑදෑකම් අලුත් කිරීමට විශේෂයෙන් කෑ වෙති.ඒ සදහා ක්‍රියාමාර්ග ද සමාජ සංස්කෘතික හර පද්ධතීන් විසින් නිර්මාණය කර ඇත. එබැවින් නව කොරෝනා වෛරසය දැඩි බලපෑම් එල්ල කළ ද සාමාජීය කටයුතුවලින් මිදී සිටීමේ අපහසුකම මෙම රටවල මිනිසුන් ට ඇති ප්‍රධානම ගැටලුවකි.එයම මෙවැනි වසංගත රෝග ව්‍යාප්තියට ද බලපෑම් ඇති කරයි.

එහෙත් ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වසංගත රෝග සදහා ස්වයං නිරෝධායනය අනාදිමත් කාලයක සිට පැවත එන සමාජ සංස්කෘතික ප්‍රතිමාණයකි.විශේෂයෙන් ම බෝවන වසංගතයක් අවස්ථාවලදී ගමේ හෝ නගරයේ හෝ එවන් වසංගතයකට ගොදුරු වුවහොත් දින 14ක් නිවසට වී සිටීම ට ශ්‍රී ලාංකිකයෝ පුරුදු ව සිටිති.විශේෂයෙන් ම වසංගත තත්ත්වයක් ලෙස කලින් කලට මතු වන පැපොළ ,කම්මුල් ගාය,සරම්ප ,ඇස් ලෙඩ  ඒ සදහා උදාහරණ කිහිපයකි.මෙහි ඇතැම් රෝග දෙය්යන්ගේ ලෙඩ ලෙස සැලකෙන අතර දින 14 ක් යන තුරු නිවසේ එක් කොටසකට සීමා කර සියලු සමාජ සම්බන්ධතා අත් හැර හුදකලාව සිටීමට සලස්වයි.නිවසට පැමිණෙන්නන් දැනුම්වත් කිරීම සදහා කොහොඹ කොළ අත්තක් එල්ලා තැබීම,ගොක් කොළයක් කඩුල්ලේ එල්ලා තැබීම වැනි සංකේතාත්මක සංනිවේදන මාධ්‍යයක් යොදා ගනියි.අදාළ රෝගියාගේ අත්‍යවශ්‍ය පෞද්ගලික අවශ්‍ය තා සදහා මෙන් ම ආහාර පාන ලබා දීම සදහා එක් පුද්ගලයෙකු ස්ව කැමැත්තෙන් ම ඉදිරිපත් වී එම කාර්යය දින 14 පුරා සිදු කරනු ලබයි.දින 7ක් 8ක් ගෙවුණු තැන අදාළ රෝගියාගෙන් විෂ බීජ පැතිරෙන ඉඩ කඩ වැඩි හෙයින් වඩාත් කල්පනාකාරී වෙයි.දිය නෑම සදහා ළිද අසල නොව වෙනම වෙන් වූ ස්ථානයක් හෝ වැවේ වෙන් වූ වෙනම ස්ථානයක් සකස් කර දෙයි.විශ බීජ හරණය සදහා විවිධ දේශීය ඖෂධ පැළෑටි අතු රිකිලි ආදිය දැමීම දුමායනය,තම්බා බොන්නට දීම වැනි දෑ ද සිදු කෙරෙයි.බොහෝ විට දිය නෑමට දෙන්නේ ද නිශ්චිත කාලයක් ගත වූ පසුව ය.මෙසේ රෝගී පුද්ගලයා සමග ඇයි හොදයිකම් නොපා සිටීමට සැමා විධිවිධානයක් ම යොදන අතර එවන් අවස්ථාවල දී රෝගියාට ඇතිවන මානසික කම්පනය හා හුදෙකළාව මග හැරවීම සදා රාත්‍රියට ඔහු හෝ හැය හෝ රදවා සිටින ස්ථානයට කිසියම් නිශ්චිත දුරක සිට කව් ගී ගැයීම ජාතක කතා පොත කියවීම,කතාන්දර කීම රටේ තොටේ වංහුං කීම වැනි දෑ ද සිදු කෙරෙයි.චීනයේ වුහාන් හි වැසියන් ඔවුන්ගේ හුදකලාව මගහරවා ගැනීමට ඈතට ඇසෙන සේ ගී මිමිනීමත් මේ අපේ පාරම්පරික ඥානයෙන් බිදී ගිය එකක් විය හැකිය.කෙසේ වෙතත් ස්වයං නිරෝධායන අවස්ථාවේ දී ද ඔවුන් හුදකලා නොකර සිටීම මානව සමාජයේ යහ පැවැත්මට ඉතා වැදගත් ම වෙයි.මන් ද මිනිසා සාමාජීය සත්ව කොට්ටාශය ක් වන බැවිණි.එසේ නම් මේ අවස්ථාන්වේ ස්වයං නොරඔධායනය සදහා ද අධි තාක්ෂනික උපකරණ යොදා ගැනීම මගින් ඔවුන් හුදලලා නොකිරීම ට වග බලා ගන්නවා සේම අපේ පැරණි ස්වයං නිරෝධායන අවස්ථාවල දී අනුගමනය කළ දුර සිට සජීවී ව ඇසෙන සන්නිවේදන ක්‍රමෝපායන් අනුගමනය කිරීම වැදගත් වනු ඇත.නො එසේ නම් ඔවුන් මේ ඇතිවන මානසික කැළඹිලි සහගත තත්ත්වයන් හමුවේ දැඩි ඉච්ඡා භංගත්වයටත් මානසික අවපීඩනයකටත් ලක් වීමේ ඉඩ කඩ වැඩි වනු ඇත.එවිට කොරේ පිටට මරේ කියා වෙනත් අතුරු ප්‍රතිපළයන් ට පිළියම් සෙවීමට සිදු වනු ඇත.

කථිකාචාර්ය ප්‍රියන්ත බණ්ඩාර

පුලතිසිපුර ජාතික අධ්‍යාපන විද්‍යා පීඨය

පොලොන්නරුව, ශ්‍රී ලංකා

කථිකාචාර්ය ප්‍රියන්ත බණ්ඩාර


This is a list of major political scandals in France.

Until 1958
1789: Réveillon riots - popular revolt from April 26- 28, in the Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris. Considered a precursor to the Storming of the Bastille and the French Revolution.
1797: XYZ Affair - a political and diplomatic episode involving confrontation with the United States that led to the Quasi-War.
1816: shipwreck of and search for the  off the west coast of Africa
1847: Teste-Cubières corruption scandal, revealed in May 1847
1847: Charles de Choiseul-Praslin's suicide after having murdered his wife, daughter of Horace Sébastiani, minister of the July Monarchy
1880s: Georges Ernest Boulanger affair
1887: Schnaebele incident
1887: Wilson scandal, which led to the resignation of President Jules Grévy
1890s: Panama scandals
1894: Dreyfus affair, treason conviction of Alfred Dreyfus, exposed by writer Émile Zola on 13 January 1898
1928: Marthe Hanau affair
1930: Albert Oustric affair
1934: Stavisky Affair, embezzlement and political corruption
1949: the Generals Affair, a political-military scandal during the First Indochina War
1950: the Henri Martin Affair, a political-military scandal during the First Indochina War
1958: the ballets roses, a scandal most notably involving then President of the Senate, André Le Troquer, in which a group of girls aged 15 to 17 performed "ballets" that ended in orgies

Under the Fifth Republic

1965: the Ben Barka affair, disappearance of the Moroccan opposition leader Mehdi Ben Barka.
1968: The Markovic affair
1974:
Eurodif affair
Cardinal Jean Daniélou's death in the house of a prostitute
Le Monde reveals the existence of the SAFARI government database, prompting the creation of the CNIL agency in charge of respect of civil rights and data privacy.
1979:
Robert Boulin affair; a minister of the third Raymond Barre government, Boulin was found dead in mysterious circumstances on 30 October 1979
Diamonds Affair involving Bokassa
1981: the Canard enchaîné uncovered the collaborationist role of former official Maurice Papon under Vichy France; the latter would eventually be convicted of crimes against humanity
1985: sinking of the Rainbow Warrior by the French DGSE intelligence agency
1986: Chernobyl disaster, Jacques Chirac's government wrongly alleged that the "radioactive cloud" had stopped at the French borders
1987–1988: Iskandar Safa and the Hostage Scandal involving Prime Minister Jacques Chirac and Interior Minister Charles Pasqua
1980s: contaminated blood scandal
The Canard enchaîné satirical newspaper fought to bring to light evidence of alleged corruption during President Jacques Chirac's tenure as Mayor of Paris.
1990s: Angolagate (arms-for-oil scandal)
La Fayette scandal
1994: Yann Piat affair; a former National Front MP, assassinated on 25 February 1994)
1994: Dauphiné News affair; Minister Alain Carignon indicted, later sentenced to 29 months in prison
1998: affair Elf-Dumas
1999: "Affair of the beach huts", leading to the arrest of prefect Bernard Bonnet
2005: the revelations of the Canard enchaîné on Finance Minister Hervé Gaymard's (UMP) lavish state-funded apartment led to his resignation in 2005
2006: Clearstream affair allegedly involving Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin (UMP) accused of attempting to discredit his political rivals, including UMP Leader Nicolas Sarkozy, by spreading false allegations concerning the Taiwan frigates scandal.
 Since 2010
 Bettencourt affair
 Karachi affair
 Sylvie Andrieux affair
 Alleged Libyan financing in the 2007 French presidential election
 Cahuzac affair
 2012 UMP leadership election fraud accusations
 Thomas Thevenoud affair
 Kader Arif affair
 Bruno Le Roux affair
 Fillon affair
 Benalla affair
 Richard Ferrand affair

See also
Balladur jurisprudence, concerning ministers indicted by the justice
Le Canard Enchaîné, an investigative satirical newspaper which uncovered many scandals
Outreau affair, a judicial scandal
Corruption in France

References

External links
 The Bettencourt/L'Oréal scandal Radio France Internationale in English
 French politics no stranger to scandals Radio France Internationale in English
 L'Oréal, scandals and the far right Radio France Internationale in English
 Liste d'affaires politico-financières françaises List Of French Financial Political Scandals in French

Scandals
Scandals
France
Scandals

List of political scandals in France


Herbert William Williams  ( - ) fut le  évêque anglican du diocèse anglican de Waiapu,  et un éminent érudit de la langue maori .

Biographie
Williams est né à Waerenga-ā-Hika, Gisborne, en Nouvelle-Zélande , fils de Sarah Williams et Leonard Williams. Il a fait ses études au Christ's College de Christchurch, à l'Université de la Nouvelle-Zélande et au Jesus College (Cambridge) où il a obtenu un baccalauréat ès arts (BA) en 1884. Williams a épousé Bertha Mason le 27 septembre 1888 à Édimbourg, en Écosse. L'un de leurs enfants, Nigel Williams, fut également prêtre, de  à ).

Ministère en tant que prêtre
Williams a été ordonné prêtre en 1886, à West Wratting, dans le diocèse de Cambridge, affecté à la cure de l'abbé Ely de 1886 à 1888. Membre de la Church Missionary Society (CMS) il fut nommé tuteur au collège de théologie Te Rau Kahikatea à Gisborne de mars 1890 à 1894, puis il en devint directeur-adjoint et directeur de 1894 à 1902.  Il a été nommé  ministre superviseur surintendent du district missionnaire de la Côte Est.

Honneurs et récompenses
En 1917, Williams a publié la cinquième édition d'un dictionnaire de la langue néo-zélandaise , qui a mis à jour les travaux de son père et de son grand-père. Williams a fait campagne avec Apirana Ngata pour que la langue maorie soit enseignée dans l'Université de Nouvelle-Zélande, et sanctionnée par un diplôme de baccalauréat ès arts en 1928. Williams a été nommé  docteur honorifique en littérature dans les universités de Nouvelle-Zélande (1924) et de Cambridge (1925). La Médaille Hector lui fut décernée pour les travaux qu'il a réalisé.
En 1923, il fut nommé membre de la Société royale de Nouvelle-Zélande, il en devint et président de 1935 à 1936, puis en 1929il fut nommé président de la Polynesian Society jusqu'à sa mort.

Références

Liens externes

 Honneurs Nouvelle-Zélande

Évêque anglican du XIXe siècle
Évêque anglican du XXe siècle
Élève du Christ's College
Naissance en octobre 1860
Naissance à Gisborne
Décès en décembre 1937
Décès à Napier
Décès à 77 ans

Herbert Williams (évêque)


An Anthurium faustomirandae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Pérez-farr. ngan Thomas Bernard Croat. An Anthurium faustomirandae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Anthurium, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Anthurium

Anthurium faustomirandae


Durango  er fylki í norðvestur-Mexíkó. Það er 123.317 km2 að stærð og eru íbúar 1.832.650 (2020). Það er fjórða stærsta fylkið en það næstfámennasta. Durango er landlukt og liggur að fylkjunum Chihuahua, Coahuila, Zacatecas, Nayarit og Sinaloa. Það liggur á mexíkósku hásléttunni og er meðalhæð 1.775 metrar yfir sjávarmáli. Landslag er fjalllent og skógi vaxið. Höfuðborgin Durango er við hlíðar Sierra Madre Occidental-fjallgarðsins í yfir 1850 metra hæð.

Vinsælt hefur verið að taka upp vestra-kvikmyndir í Durango.

Fylki Mexíkó

Durango


In probability theory and statistics, the marginal distribution of a subset of a collection of random variables is the probability distribution of the variables contained in the subset. It gives the probabilities of various values of the variables in the subset without reference to the values of the other variables. This contrasts with a conditional distribution, which gives the probabilities contingent upon the values of the other variables.

Marginal variables are those variables in the subset of variables being retained. These concepts are "marginal" because they can be found by summing values in a table along rows or columns, and writing the sum in the margins of the table. The distribution of the marginal variables (the marginal distribution) is obtained by marginalizing (that is, focusing on the sums in the margin) over the distribution of the variables being discarded, and the discarded variables are said to have been marginalized out.

The context here is that the theoretical studies being undertaken, or the data analysis being done, involves a wider set of random variables but that attention is being limited to a reduced number of those variables. In many applications, an analysis may start with a given collection of random variables, then first extend the set by defining new ones (such as the sum of the original random variables) and finally reduce the number by placing interest in the marginal distribution of a subset (such as the sum). Several different analyses may be done, each treating a different subset of variables as the marginal distribution.

Definition

Marginal probability mass function
Given a known joint distribution of two discrete random variables, say,  and , the marginal distribution of either variable –  for example – is the probability distribution of  when the values of  are not taken into consideration. This can be calculated by summing the joint probability distribution over all values of . Naturally, the converse is also true: the marginal distribution can be obtained for  by summing over the separate values of .

, and

A marginal probability can always be written as an expected value:

Intuitively, the marginal probability of X  is computed by examining the conditional probability of X given a particular value of Y, and then averaging this conditional probability over the distribution of all values of Y.

This follows from the definition of expected value (after applying the law of the unconscious statistician)

Therefore, marginalization provides the rule for the transformation of the probability distribution of a random variable Y and another random variable :

Marginal probability density function
Given two continuous random variables X and Y whose joint distribution is known, then the marginal probability density function can be obtained by integrating the joint probability distribution, , over Y, and vice versa. That is

where , and .

Marginal cumulative distribution function
Finding the marginal cumulative distribution function from the joint cumulative distribution function is easy. Recall that:

 For discrete random variables,
 For continuous random variables,

If X and Y jointly take values on [a, b] × [c, d] then

 and

If d is ∞, then this becomes a limit . Likewise for .

Marginal distribution vs. conditional distribution

Definition
The marginal probability is the probability of a single event occurring, independent of other events. A conditional probability, on the other hand, is the probability that an event occurs given that another specific event has already occurred. This means that the calculation for one variable is dependent on another variable.

The conditional distribution of a variable given another variable is the joint distribution of both variables divided by the marginal distribution of the other variable. That is,

 For discrete random variables,
 For continuous random variables,

Example
Suppose there is data from a classroom of 200 students on the amount of time studied (X) and the percentage of correct answers (Y). Assuming that X and Y are discrete random variables, the joint distribution of X and Y can be described by listing all the possible values of p(xi,yj), as shown in Table.3.

The marginal distribution can be used to determine how many students scored 20 or below: , meaning 10 students or 5%.

The conditional distribution can be used to determine the probability that a student that studied 60 minutes or more obtains a scored of 20 or below: , meaning there is about a 11% probability of scoring 20 after having studied for at least 60 minutes.

Real-world example
Suppose that the probability that a pedestrian will be hit by a car, while crossing the road at a pedestrian crossing, without paying attention to the traffic light, is to be computed. Let H be a discrete random variable taking one value from {Hit, Not Hit}. Let L (for traffic light) be a discrete random variable taking one value from {Red, Yellow, Green}.

Realistically, H will be dependent on L. That is, P(H = Hit) will take different values depending on whether L is red, yellow or green (and likewise for P(H = Not Hit)). A person is, for example, far more likely to be hit by a car when trying to cross while the lights for perpendicular traffic are green than if they are red. In other words, for any given possible pair of values for H and L, one must consider the joint probability distribution of H and L to find the probability of that pair of events occurring together if the pedestrian ignores the state of the light.

However, in trying to calculate the marginal probability P(H = Hit), what is being sought is the probability that H = Hit in the situation in which the particular value of L is unknown and in which the pedestrian ignores the state of the light. In general, a pedestrian can be hit if the lights are red OR if the lights are yellow OR if the lights are green. So, the answer for the marginal probability can be found by summing P(H | L) for all possible values of L, with each value of L weighted by its probability of occurring.

Here is a table showing the conditional probabilities of being hit, depending on the state of the lights. (Note that the columns in this table must add up to 1 because the probability of being hit or not hit is 1 regardless of the state of the light.)

To find the joint probability distribution, more data is required. For example, suppose P(L = red) = 0.2, P(L = yellow) = 0.1, and P(L = green) = 0.7. Multiplying each column in the conditional distribution by the probability of that column occurring results in the joint probability distribution of H and L, given in the central 2×3 block of entries. (Note that the cells in this 2×3 block add up to 1).

The marginal probability P(H = Hit) is the sum 0.572 along the H = Hit row of this joint distribution table, as this is the probability of being hit when the lights are red OR yellow OR green. Similarly, the marginal probability that P(H = Not Hit) is the sum along the H = Not Hit row.

Multivariate distributions

For multivariate distributions, formulae similar to those above apply with the symbols X and/or Y being interpreted as vectors. In particular, each summation or integration would be over all variables except those contained in X.

That means, If X1,X2,…,Xn are discrete random variables, then the marginal probability mass function should be

if X1,X2,…,Xn are continuous random variables, then the marginal probability density function should be

See also
 Compound probability distribution
 Joint probability distribution
 Marginal likelihood
 Wasserstein metric
 Conditional distribution

References

Bibliography

Theory of probability distributions

Marginal distribution


Night Shift es una película cómica de 1982, uno de los primeros esfuerzos como director de Ron Howard. Es protagonizada por Henry Winkler junto a Michael Keaton, en su primer papel, y Shelley Long. También aparece Richard Belzer y Clint Howard.

Recepción

Taquilla
Obtuvo $23.6 millones en Estados Unidos.

Críticas
La película recibió críticias positivas de los críticos. Rotten Tomatoes le dio un 95% de 19 críticas, con una puntuación de 6.4 de 10. Muchos críticos elogiaron las actuaciones de los dos protagónicos, particularmente de Michael Keaton.

Referencias

Películas de Warner Bros.
Películas dirigidas por Ron Howard

Night Shift (película)


عقد 1020 هو عقد امتد بين 1 يناير 1020 و31 ديسمبر 1029 بحسب التقويم الميلادي. سبقه عقد 1010 ولحقه عقد 1030.

أحداث

مواليد

 روبرت الأول، كونت الفلاندرز (1029)
 ألب أرسلان (1029)
 فرروح زاد (1025)
 سفياتوسلاف ياروسلافيتش (1027)
 علي الحصري القيرواني (1029)
 إيدوكيا مكرمبولتيسا (1021)
 ويليام الثامن، دوق آكيتاين (1024)
 زهراء الكوش (1027)
 أغنيس من بواتو (1025)
 إبراهيم بن يحيى الأشهبي (1023)
 ابن الموصلايا (1021)

وفيات

 الكسكري (1023)
 ريتشارد الثاني دوق نورماندي (1026)
 أبو بكر الكرجي (1029)
 غايمار الثالث أمير ساليرنو (1027)
 أبو إسحاق الإسفراييني (1027)
 قسطنطين الثامن (1028)
 حماد بن بلكين (1028)
 نونو ألفيتيز (1028)
 عبد الرحمن المستظهر بالله (1024)
 السجزي (1024)
 هنري الثاني (1024)

كتب

 موسوعة حضارة العالم (2002) لأحمد محمد عوف.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

 تصفح سنة بسنة عقد 1020 ابتداءً من

عقد 1020


Rickert er en kommune og en by i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Fockbek midt i Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde. Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde ligger i den centrale del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Rickert ligger lige nord for Rendsborg i Naturpark Hytten Bjerge. Mod vest går Bundesstraße 77 og jernbanen fra Rendsborg mod Slesvig by, mod vest går Bundesautobahn 7, ligeledes fra Rendsborg mod Slesvig.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens websted
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Rendsborg-Egernførde

Rickert


Zhang Jie (chinês: 章碣) (836-905), foi um poeta da Dinastia Tang. Seu poema, Fossos para a Queima de Livros (焚書坑 ,Fén Shū Kēng), é famoso por criticar a queima de livros e sepultura de intelectuais perpretada pelo imperador Qin Shi Huang.

Referências

Nascidos em 836
Mortos em 905
Pessoas da dinastia Tang
Poetas chineses do século IX

Zhang Jie (poeta)


فيكتور مانويل توريس ميستر ( في مدريد)  لاعب كرة قدم إسباني معتزل كان يجيد اللعب في خط الظهير الأيسر .

لعب ميستر في أندية ريال مدريد (1989-1991) لوغرونيس (1993) إسبانيول (1993-1998) بوردو (1998/1999) ديبورتيفو ألافيس (1999-2000) ريال بيتيس (2000-2001) فارزيم (2001-2002) سبورتنغ ماهونيس (2005) .

ساهم ميستر في تتويج نادي ريال مدريد ببطولة دوري الدرجة الأولى موسم 1989/1990 وبطولة كأس السوبر الإسباني 1990 كما ساهم في تتويج نادي بوردو ببطولة دوري الدرجة الأولى موسم 1998/1999 .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في البرتغال
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من مدريد
رياضيون من مدريد
لاعبو إسبانيول
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية ب
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو بوردو
لاعبو ديبورتيفو ألافيس
لاعبو ريال بيتيس
لاعبو ريال مدريد كاستيا
لاعبو ريال مدريد
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في البرتغال
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم من مدريد
لاعبو لوغرونيس
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي فارزيم
مدربو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية ب
مدربو كرة قدم إسبان
مدربو نادي بطليوس
مواليد 1970
لاعبو كرة قدم من منطقة مدريد

فيكتور توريس ميستر


293934 MPIA este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
293934 MPIA este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Heidelberg de Felix Hormuth. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,40 ua, o excentricitate de 0,15 și o înclinație de 3,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 293001-294000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2007
Centura de asteroizi

293934 MPIA