An Bulbostylis mozambica in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Louis-Florent-Marcel Raymond. An Bulbostylis mozambica in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bulbostylis, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Mozambique. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bulbostylis

Bulbostylis mozambica


Yohei Nishibe (født 1. december 1980) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Shimizu S-Pulse.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yohei Nishibe


HMAS AE1 was an E-class submarine of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). She was the first submarine to serve in the RAN, and was lost at sea with all hands near what is now East New Britain, Papua New Guinea, on 14 September 1914, after less than seven months in service. Search missions attempting to locate the wreck began in 1976. The submarine was found during the 13th search mission near the Duke of York Islands in December 2017.

Design and construction

The E class was a version of the preceding D-class submarine enlarged to accommodate an additional pair of broadside torpedo tubes. AE1 was  long overall, with a beam of  and a draught of . She displaced  on the surface and  submerged. The E-class boats had a designed diving depth of , but the addition of watertight bulkheads strengthened the hull and increased the actual diving depth to . The complement consisted of 34 men: officers and ratings.

The boat had two propellers, each of which was driven by an eight-cylinder,  diesel engine as well as a  electric motor. This arrangement gave the E-class submarines a maximum speed of  while surfaced and  when submerged. They carried approximately  of fuel oil, which provided a range of  at  while on the surface and  at  while submerged. AE1 had four 18-inch torpedo tubes, one each in the bow and stern, plus two on the broadside, one firing to port and the other to starboard. The boat carried one spare torpedo for each tube. No guns were fitted.

In February 1911, defence minister George Pearce announced that orders had been placed with Vickers Limited for two submarines. AE1 was built at Barrow-in-Furness, England, having been laid down on 14 November 1911 and launched on 22 May 1913 and commissioned into the RAN on 28 February 1914. After commissioning, AE1, accompanied by , the other of the RAN's first two submarines, reached Sydney from England on 24 May 1914. Officers for the submarines were Royal Navy (RN) personnel, while the ratings were a mix of sailors drawn from the RN and RAN.

Deployment and loss

At the outbreak of World War I, AE1, commanded by Lieutenant Commander Thomas Besant, was part of the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force sent to attack German New Guinea. Along with AE2, she took part in the operations leading to the occupation of the German territory, including the surrender of Rabaul on 13 September 1914. The submarine's involvement was recognised in 2010, following an overhaul of the RAN battle honours system, with the retroactive award of the honour "Rabaul 1914".

At 07:00 on 14 September, AE1 departed Blanche Bay, Rabaul, to patrol off Cape Gazelle with . When she had not returned by 20:00, several ships were dispatched to search for her. No trace of the submarine was found, and she was listed as lost with all hands. The disappearance was Australia's first major loss of World War I.

After the discovery of the submarine in December 2017, Rear Admiral Peter Briggs, retired, said the likely cause of its loss was a diving accident. He added:

, the best-supported theory for the submarine's loss was that it went below its crush depth due to a mechanical failure. Later that year, a team of researchers headed by the National Maritime Museum director Kevin Sumption concluded their investigation into the sinking of AE1. They concluded that a ventilation valve, which was likely open to make the tropical conditions a little more bearable while the submarine was cruising on the surface near the Duke of York Islands, was insecure when the submarine dived, causing a flood of the submarine's engine room and total loss of control of the AE1. The submarine subsequently sank below 100 metres and imploded, killing everyone on board instantly.

Searches for wreck

Beyond the search immediately after the submarine's disappearance, there were no concentrated efforts to locate the wreck of AE1 until the 1970s, when John Foster, a RAN officer working in Port Moresby, became interested in the story. After researching wartime records, Foster persuaded the RAN to deploy the survey ship HMAS Flinders in 1976. Flinders found one potential sonar contact, but did not have a sophisticated enough side-scan sonar to make a determination either way. During a deployment to Papua New Guinea in 1978, Flinders conducted several ad-hoc searches, again with no useful result. In 1990, while sailing between New Britain and New Ireland, Jacques Cousteau diverted his ship, Calypso, to investigate the potential contact found in 1976. His original plan was to investigate up close with a submersible, but mechanical issues prevented it, and Calypso instead performed a magnetometer search of the area, finding no wrecks.

Foster had continued archive research into AE1s disappearance, supplemented with visits to Rabaul and nearby islands to see if references to the submarine appeared in any community's oral histories. By 2002, he was focused on the waters off Mioko Island in the Duke of York Islands group: a priest from a Catholic mission had stated that members of the community had spotted a wrecked submarine on Wirian Reef while diving for shells. Attempts to dive the reported site of the wreck in 2002 and early 2003 were unsuccessful: the former was called off due to high shark presence, the latter expedition also was hampered by shark activity and found no wreck at the reported location. A third expedition in November 2003, supported by the Maritime Museum of Western Australia and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, conducted searches off Mioko and nearby islands, again with no success. Further oral evidence supporting the wreck of AE1 being off Mioko was learned during one of the 2003 expeditions: Foster discovered that the Tolai people had a legend of a "devil fish" appearing offshore on the day that AE1 disappeared.

In February 2007, a new effort to locate the submarine was mounted by the RAN, when the survey ships  and  attempted to locate the submarine off East New Britain. Benalla located an object on Wirian Reef of the appropriate dimensions using sonar on 1 March, but was unable to verify the nature of the object due to a damaged magnetometer. The minehunter  was sent to investigate the object further in late 2007. Sonar and remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) imagery of the object revealed shape and dimensions similar to the submarine, but subsequent analysis by the Defence Science and Technology Organisation identified the object as a rock formation.

Foster organised another search in May 2009, partially funded by Channel Seven's Sunday Night, based on claims by a Rabaul-based salvage diver that he had seen the wreck in Simpson Harbour back in 1971, in proximity to the wreck of the Japanese merchant ship Keifuku Maru. Diver searches of the site specified by the salvager failed to find either wreck. A follow-up search later that year by the Western Australian Maritime Museum found that Keifuku Maru had been buried under  of rock during the 1994 Rabaul caldera eruption, but found no evidence of AE1, buried or otherwise. John Foster died in 2010 with the search for AE1 continued by others. During early 2012, the minehunter  and the survey ship  detected a potential wrecked submarine in Simpson Harbour. Although initially suspected to be AE1, the wreck was determined to be a World War II-era Japanese midget submarine. Resolution later conducted sonar surveys of areas in which AE1 may have been lost, with no wrecks found.

Between 6 and 9 September 2014, Yarra conducted searches around the Duke of York Islands, prior to a memorial service for the centenary of the submarine's disappearance. Although numerous sonar "contacts of interest" were made during the search, including one which was singled out for further investigation, all were found to be natural terrain.

In September 2015, plans for a new search were announced by Find AE1 Limited. The search off Mioko Island was carried out in November, and was conducted by a mining survey ship towing a multibeam echosounder array. At the time of the search, Find AE1 stated that if the attempt was unsuccessful, they planned to petition the Australian government to bring in the search equipment used during the search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. The 2015 search was ultimately unsuccessful.

Several factors have been identified as having hampered the efforts to find AE1. The volcanic nature of the region resulted in a rugged and highly variable underwater topography, with a high frequency of wreck-like acoustic anomalies. Much of the region is deep water, which limited the techniques and tools that could be used to locate and verify the wreck. Volcanic activity was also identified as a factor, due to the disruption it causes to local magnetic fields, affecting the operations of magnetometers. There were concerns that eruptions and underwater earthquakes may have caused the underwater landscape to change, or break up or bury the wreck. Additionally, the search areas contained large numbers of shipwrecks due to heavy military activity around New Guinea during World War II, along with the disposal of ships in later years.

Discovery
In December 2017, another search—the 13th—was conducted using the Dutch survey ship , off the Duke of York Islands. This expedition was funded by the Commonwealth Government and the Silentworld Foundation with additional assistance from the Submarine Institute of Australia and the Australian National Maritime Museum. As a result of this effort, the submarine was found at a depth of  and was seen to be well preserved and in one piece.  was enlisted to survey the wreckage, where it was discovered that the submarine's rear torpedo tube was fully opened. The exact location of the wreck was not announced by the Australian government at the time of discovery, in order to protect it from "unauthorised salvage attempts". The government's stated position is that the wreck will be treated as a war grave.

Memorials
In 1933, a stained-glass window commemorating the losses of AE1 and AE2 was added to the naval chapel at Garden Island in Sydney. In September 2015, a floating sculpture to commemorate AE1 was unveiled outside the Australian National Maritime Museum. The sculpture takes the form of a stainless steel wreath,  in diameter, which projects patterns of light onto the water at night. In 2008 a memorial plaque was dedicated to HMAS AE1 at the Tasmanian Seafarers' Memorial at Triabunna on the east coast of Tasmania, commemorating the loss of L.S. Cyril Lefroy Baker RAN, Telegraphist, the first Tasmanian killed in his country's service in World War I.

References

Further reading

External links

 Lives of the First World War community for AE1 including names for all 35 members of the mixed RN and RAN crew who lost their lives
 RAN webpage for HMAS AE1
 AE1 Incorporated: The Search for Australia's First Submarine
 'Submarine losses 1904 to present day' – Royal Navy Submarine Museum
 Fugro press release on discovery of HMAS AE1

1913 ships
Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
British E-class submarines of the Royal Australian Navy
Maritime incidents in September 1914
Submarines lost with all hands
World War I shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
World War I submarines of Australia
World War I submarines of the United Kingdom
2017 archaeological discoveries

HMAS AE1


عزّابة هي قرية مغربية تنتمي لإقليم صفرو، جنوبي مدينة فاس. تضم هذه البلدة 2.493 ساكنا حسب إحصاء سبتمبر 2004.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في إقليم صفرو
جماعات قروية في المغرب
جماعات قروية في إقليم صفرو
جماعات قروية في جهة فاس مكناس

عزابة


Herjangen eller Herjangsfjorden (nordsamisk: Hearjjak) er navnet på den indre del af Ofotfjorden i Nordland fylke i Norge. Fjorden går 10 kilometer i nordøstlig retning fra Veggfjellet i Evenes og Øyjord i Narvik til landsbyen Bjerkvik omtrent fem kilometer syd for fylkesgrænsen til Troms.

Befolkning

Sydvest for Bjerkvik ligger bygden Herjangen, hvor der blandt andet er et 5000 og 6000 år gammelt helleristningsfelt. Den lille bebyggelse Veggen i Evenes ligger yderligere ti kilometer mod sydvest. På østsiden er der spredt bebyggelse langs Europavej E6 til stedet Øyjord.

Bjerkvik er en af Kystverkets nødhavne.

Tysk invasion
Om morgenen 9. april 1940 var der tysk invasion ved fjorden. Tyske styrker ville besætte våbenlageret på Elvegårdsmoen og landsætte styrker som skulle forsøge at besætte Bardufoss lufthavn. I de to søslag i Ofotfjordene blev jageren «Hermann Künne» sænket i Herjangen. Pinseaften, 13. maj 1940, blev Bjerkvik bombarderet af britiske skibe i fjorden og invaderet af styrker fra Fremmedlegionen.

Fodnoter

Kilder og henvisninger

Fjorde i Nordland
Narvik

Herjangen (fjord)


La Coupe des Pays-Bas de football 1909-1910, nommée la KNVB Beker, est la  de la Coupe des Pays-Bas.

Déroulement de la compétition
Tous les tours se jouent en élimination directe. À chaque tour, un tirage au sort est effectué pour déterminer les adversaires.

Finale
La finale se joue le  à Delft, la deuxième équipe du Quick La Haye bat l'équipe réserve du HVV La Haye  2 à 0 et remporte son deuxième titre.

Notes et références
KNVB Beker 1909-1910 sur voetbalarchieven.nl

1909-1910
1909 aux Pays-Bas
1910 aux Pays-Bas
Pays-Bas


Theodor Heinrich Fischer (* 10. Dezember 1824 in Gera; † 2. Januar 1908 ebenda) war ein deutscher  Maler, Zeichenlehrer sowie Fotograf.

Leben
Theodor Fischer, Sohn des Malers und Zeichenlehrers Heinrich Fischer (1786–1850), Abiturient am Gymnasium in Gera, studierte im Anschluss von 1842 bis 1848 an der Kunstakademie in Dresden. Theodor Fischer erfüllte nach dem Abschluss Porträtaufträge, 1848 übernahm er in der Nachfolge seines in den Ruhestand eingetretenen Vaters die Zeichenlehrerstelle am Gymnasium Rutheneum. 1862 erfolgte seine Ernennung zum Hofmaler durch Fürst Heinrich LXVII. Theodor Fischer, der als Leiter wichtiger Festlichkeiten am gesellschaftlichen Leben der Stadt Gera mitwirkte, verstarb Anfang 1908 als hochangesehener Bürger im Alter von 83 Jahren.

Fischer zählt sowohl als Maler als auch neben Carl Falke als Fotograf zu den bedeutendsten Geraer Künstlern des 19. Jahrhunderts. Fischers künstlerisches Werk umspannt 849 Porträts, Landschaften und Kompositionen, wobei er dem Bildnis seine volle Kraft widmete. Bevorzugte Motive Theodor Fischers Arbeiten bilden zum Teil lebensgroße Porträts Geraer Persönlichkeiten und Stadtansichten von Gera. Der aufkommenden Industrialisierung mit seinen damit einhergehenden wirtschaftlichen sowie sozialen Veränderungen ablehnend gegenüberstehend, meidet Theodor Fischer in seinen Werken zumeist das dafür vorgesehene Symbol, den Schornstein. Er stellt stattdessen den Unternehmungsgeist und die Rastlosigkeit der Reichsgründung und der darauffolgenden Gründerjahre, Personen, die in zum Teil lebensgroßen Porträts Selbstbewusstsein und Geschäftigkeit ausstrahlen, sowie die vornehme Gesellschaft in Straßenszenen dar. Ungeachtet seiner kritischen Einstellung zur Industrialisierung bediente er sich des neuen Mediums Fotografie. Viele seiner Gemälde entstanden nach selbst angefertigten großformatigen Fotografien, zusätzlich betrieb er seit 1854 ein fotografisches Atelier.

Im Wendejahr 1989 wurden die Baustraßen C, C1 und C2 im 3. Bauabschnitt des Geraer Neubaugebiet Bieblach-Ost in Theodor-Fischer-Straße benannt. Zwei Jahre später erfolgte die Umbenennung in Maler-Fischer-Straße, im zusätzlichen Andenken an seinen Vater Heinrich Fischer.

Weblinks
 Eintrag Theodor Fischer in www.gera-chronik.de; abgerufen am 20. Februar 2012
 Eintrag Theodor Fischer in www.gera-tourismus.de; abgerufen am 20. Februar 2012
 Eintrag Theodor Fischer in www.gera.de; abgerufen am 20. Februar 2012
 Eintrag Theodor Fischer in www.dtoday.de; abgerufen am 7. September 2012

Maler (Thüringen)
Landschaftsmaler
Porträtmaler
Hofmaler
Pädagoge (19. Jahrhundert)
Fotograf (19. Jahrhundert)
Fotograf (Thüringen)
Bildender Künstler (Gera)
Geboren 1824
Gestorben 1908
Mann

Theodor Fischer (Maler, 1824)


L'Europe des Celtes est une monographie illustrée sur l'histoire des Celtes, écrite par la celtologue française Christiane Éluère, et parue chez Gallimard en 1992, en collaboration avec la Réunion des musées nationaux. Cet ouvrage est le  dans la collection « Découvertes Gallimard ». Selon l'archéologue allemand , ce

Résumé
Christiane Éluère retrace plus d'un demi-millénaire de l'histoire celtique avec une approche archéologique, d'environ  au , et la survie de leur culture aux peuples insulaires, finalement renaissant dans l'art du christianisme celtique.

Contenu
Le livre s'ouvre sur une série de masques en bronze et de visages anciens sculptés dans la pierre datant du  au  (), qui ont été découverts en France, en Autriche et en Bohême. Le corpus est divisé en six chapitres :

 Chapitre  : « Naissance d'une aristocratie guerrière » ()
 Chapitre  : « La splendeur des premiers princes celtes » ()
 Chapitre  : « Les Celtes à la conquête du monde » ()
 Chapitre  : « Les Celtes face au géant romain » ()
 Chapitre  : « L'Univers des dieux » ()
 Chapitre  : « Mémoires celtiques » ()

La section des « témoignages et documents » est composée d'une anthologie qui explore des textes plus spécialisés et des auteurs pertinents sur de multiples aspects des Celtes, y compris une introduction à l'homosexualité chez les anciens Celtes.

 Le pays des Celtes
 Portrait de l'« homo europeanus »
 Société et vie privée
 Langue et écriture
 Des guerriers sanguinaires
 Les druides
 L'or des Celtes
 Bibliographie
 Table des illustrations
 Index
 Crédits photographiques/Remerciements

Accueil
Sarah Anderson a écrit dans son livre  :

D'après l'avis d'un critique de l'Encyclopédie de l'Arbre Celtique, c'est un

Dans sa section sur les critiques de livres, la revue d'archéologie Minerva donne une critique positive à l'ouvrage :

Éditions internationales

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Celtes
 Art celte
 Celtomanie
 Mythologie celtique
 Pays celtiques
 Religion des Celtes

Liens externes

Essai français paru en 1992
Essai sur l'histoire
Livre d'archéologie
Découvertes Gallimard
Monde celtique

L'Europe des Celtes


Cea de-a 88-a ediție a Premiilor Academiei Americane de Film a avut loc la 28 februarie 2016 la Dolby Theatre din Hollywood, California. Ceremonia a fost televizată în SUA de către ABC și produsă de David Hill și Reginald Hudlin. Actorul Chris Rock a fost prezentatorul premiilor pentru a doua oară, anterior fiind gazda ediției din 2005. Alături de gazda Rock, au urcat pe scenă mai multe personalități pentru a acorda diverse premii sau pentru a organiza unele momente artistice: Benicio del Toro, Whoopi Goldberg, Kevin Hart, Tina Fey, Ryan Gosling, Lady Gaga, Sam Smith, Charlize Theron, Jacob Tremblay, The Weeknd și Pharrell Williams.

Câștigători și nominalizări

Nominalizările la Premiile Oscar au fost anunțate la 14 ianuarie 2016. The Revenant a avut cele mai multe nominalizări, 12 în total, în timp ce Mad Max: Fury Road se află pe locul 2 cu zece nominalizări. Pentru al doilea an consecutiv, un film regizat de Alejandro G. Iñárritu a avut cele mai multe nominalizări.

Câștigătorii sunt listați primii, evidențiați cu text aldin și cu ().

Filme cu multiple nominalizări și premii

Filme cu mai multe premii și nominalizări

Premii Oscar onorifice

Premiul Oscar onorific
 Spike Lee
 Gena Rowlands

Premiul Umanitar Jean Hersholt
 Debbie Reynolds

In Memoriam

Referințe și note

Legături externe

  Pagina oficială

Vezi și
 A 73-a ediție a Premiilor Globul de Aur

2015 în premii cinematografice
2016 în California
2016 în film
2016 în Statele Unite ale Americii
! 2016
Secolul al XXI-lea în Los Angeles, California

Oscar 2016


In American higher education, particular to the state of New York, a statutory college or contract college is a college or school that is a component of an independent, private university that has been designated by the state legislature to receive significant, ongoing public funding from the state. The statutory college is operated by the university on behalf of the state, with the mission of serving specific educational needs of the state. New York's statutory colleges are administratively affiliated with the State University of New York (SUNY) system, and receive funding from SUNY's operating budget. There are five statutory colleges: four located at Cornell University and one located at Alfred University.

The terms "statutory college" and "contract college" derive from the fact that each of these dually affiliated colleges or schools is operated independently from the state pursuant to statute or under contract with the state. In the case of Cornell University, the colleges and schools that do not receive direct funding from the state are generally referred to as endowed colleges, to differentiate them from the statutory colleges. On other campuses they are called "private".

The New York State Education law uses both "contract college" and "statutory college" to describe these state-supported colleges.

At Cornell University

The four statutory colleges located at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, are:
New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (established 1888; contract since 1904)
New York State College of Human Ecology (established 1919; separate college since 1925)
New York State School of Industrial and Labor Relations (established 1944)
New York State College of Veterinary Medicine (established 1894)

Another statutory college, the New York State College of Forestry, was founded at Cornell in 1898, only to be closed in 1903 when outcry over a pending lawsuit led Gov. Odell to veto the appropriations bill that provided funding. However, forestry education was continued at Cornell as part of the College of Agriculture. The College of Forestry was later reestablished at Syracuse University in 1911. Two of Cornell's current statutory colleges — the NYS College of Agriculture and Life Sciences and the NYS College of Human Ecology — existed as non-state-supported colleges (as the College of Agriculture and the School of Home Economics, respectively) before state legislation was enacted to make each a state-supported entity. The NYS College of Human Ecology and the NYS College of Veterinary Medicine trace their origins to Cornell's agriculture college. However, the College of Veterinary Medicine was actually the first statutory college in New York. The Hotel School started in 1922 as a department within Home Economics, but became a separate, endowed college in 1954.

The statutory colleges at Cornell grew out of Cornell's designation in 1865 as New York State's land grant college under the Morrill Act. Under the Morrill Act, Cornell received land scrip based on the population of the state, and the proceeds formed the basis of Cornell's initial endowment. Under the terms of the Cornell's 1865 charter from the Legislature, Cornell was obligated to teach agriculture, mechanical arts and military tactic. (Cornell was also obligated to provide free tuition to students from each assembly district.) By the 1890s, Cornell sought state funding to continue its mission in these areas, and the statutory colleges were formed as a vehicle for direct state funding. In addition, around the start of the 20th century, new federal laws provided land-grant colleges (and their agricultural experiment stations and cooperative extension services) with annual funding conditioned upon matching state funds. As a result, almost all of Cornell's land grant duties were transferred to its four statutory colleges, which receive such state funds through the present.

Academic programs can be transferred between the statutory college side and the host institution. For example, when private funding was sufficient to assure operation of the hotel administration program of the College of Home Economics, it was spun off as a separate School of Hotel Administration in 1950. The Department of Agricultural Economics in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS) has evolved into an undergraduate business school.  In 2016, it became a school shared between CALS and a new college of business.  Students still have the benefit of in-state tuition despite this reorganization.

At Alfred University
The statutory college located at Alfred University in the Town of Alfred, New York is:
 New York State College of Ceramics (established 1900)

The New York State College of Ceramics (NYSCC) consists of the School of Art and Design, with its own dean, and four state-supported materials programs cross-organized within Alfred University's School of Engineering. The College of Ceramics is functioning technically as a "holding entity" (overseen by a unit head/Vice President of Statutory Affairs) for the fiscal support of the state programs and the NYSCC mission. The unit head assists with budget preparation for the two aforementioned AU schools and the NYSCC-affiliated Scholes Library of Ceramics (part of the campuswide, unified AU library system), and acts in a liaison role to SUNY.

The School of Art and Design, technically a subunit of the College of Ceramics but autonomously run with its own dean, is further subdivided into divisions. Alfred's School of Engineering (also autonomously run with its own dean) currently has four state-supported programs and two privately endowed programs.

At Syracuse University
The New York State College of Forestry was reestablished at Syracuse University (SU) in 1911, but was never technically a statutory college. Founded first as a unit within Syracuse University, in 1913 the College was chartered as an independent state institution called "The New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University", with its own Board of Trustees. In 1948, with the establishment of the State University of New York, the College became a specialized, doctoral-degree granting institution within the multi-campus SUNY system. In 1972, the College's name was changed to the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF); it remains administratively separate from Syracuse University. ESF students have full access to SU libraries and recreational facilities. The two institutions share a common schedule of courses, students at either institution may take courses at the other institution, and can apply for admission to concurrent degree and joint certificate programs. ESF students take part in joint commencement exercises in May (and receive diplomas with the seals of both Syracuse University and ESF), and ESF students may participate in all SU student activities except NCAA Division I intercollegiate sports.

Roles of the state and the private university
The statutory colleges are not state-run; they are operated by a 'contracted' university. In the present arrangement these universities are Cornell and Alfred. However, the five existing statutory colleges have been affiliated with SUNY since its inception in 1948 (but had no affiliation with any umbrella organization before 1948).  Statutory college employees legally are employees of Cornell and Alfred Universities, not employees of SUNY.

The State Education Law does give the SUNY Board of Trustees the following authority: the Trustees must formally approve Cornell's and Alfred's appointment of the deans/unit heads of the statutory colleges, and control of the level of state funding for the statutory colleges resides with SUNY. (In addition to money allocated by SUNY, the colleges may be funded by tuition and fees; grants and contracts from state agencies; special state legislative funding; federal funding; and private donations.)

Additionally, the Education Law does mandate a consultatory role for SUNY: the statutory college should consult with SUNY when it sets tuition rates. SUNY also exercises a "general supervision" over the statutory colleges. However, Cornell and Alfred have interpreted this to mean that SUNY does not have the right to create novel policies for the statutory colleges that are not explicitly stated in the Education Law. If there is a conflict between Cornell or Alfred and SUNY in regard to a policy or action that SUNY is requiring from Cornell or Alfred, it must be resolved by negotiation between the two parties, although there is the legal right of court appeal by either party if agreement cannot be reached. However, this legal option has never been used.

The state finances the construction of buildings for the statutory college programs, and New York State owns those buildings as well as the land beneath those buildings. Such construction is managed by the NYS University Construction Fund rather than by Cornell or Alfred.

Since statutory colleges at Cornell and Alfred receive significant state funding, tuition rates for statutory colleges and for endowed colleges are determined separately. 'In-state' residents attending a statutory college pay a separate reduced rate, in contrast to their 'out-of-state' counterparts' rates. When a student enrolled in a statutory college takes a class offered by an endowed college, the endowed college is reimbursed in a budget item called an "accessory instruction fee." At times, statutory college students who take more than their allotted credit hours from endowed colleges were required to pay such fees themselves. Similarly, at various times, a student who matriculates into a statutory college and later transfers to an endowed college has been required to pay the difference in tuition upon the transfer.

Statutory college employees are covered by a separate pension plan and have separate pay scales and fringe benefits than their endowed college counterparts. Most of the statutory college buildings and facilities are owned by New York State.

In addition, SUNY performs a fiduciary role for dispersal of state funds to the statutory units. This may require periodic audits of the use of state funds within the private universities.

There is some debate about whether the statutory colleges are "public" or "private, nonprofit" entities. Legally, they are private and nonprofit; Cornell and Alfred Universities are private, nonprofit institutions, a status which extends to all of these universities' components, which are not separate corporations. Also, the employees of the statutory colleges, as currently affirmed by court rulings, are private, nonprofit employees. An analogy to this relationship is a private, nonprofit health agency which, under contract with a government, regularly receives government money to operate a research institute; the whole private, nonprofit agency (including the research institute) still remains a private, nonprofit entity. New York State's Education Law also states that the statutory colleges do not operate as "state agencies." The fact that each of the statutory colleges contains "New York State" in their official names does not alter the private nature of the statutory colleges; however, the importance of state funding is an important factor in the private vs. statutory unit relationship.

There are two state-supported university systems in New York State: the State University of New York (SUNY), which has degree-granting units throughout the state, and the City University of New York (CUNY), which only has degree-granting units in New York City. New York State's statutory colleges are partners of SUNY and have no affiliation with CUNY.

Other affiliations between New York State and private universities
In 1911, the state created the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York, now known as the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF) New York Consolidated Laws. However, unlike the statutory colleges, this college was established as an autonomous institution that was (and still is) administratively not part of Syracuse University, its private host institution. The two institutions have adjacent campuses and a close working relationship.

Additionally, there is the New York State Psychiatric Institute, a research facility of the New York State Office of Mental Health located at the Columbia University Medical Center in New York City. It is not a statutory unit — it does not grant degrees, so it could not be called a college — despite being affiliated with Columbia's Medical Center and its Psychiatry Department. As such, it remains an institute of the state.

Federal, statutory-college-type relationships within New York State

The National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID) is a constituent school of Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), located in Rochester, New York. NTID offers programs — frequently in conjunction with RIT's other colleges/schools — tailored to deaf and hard-of-hearing students, and also offers programs to students who are not necessarily hearing-impaired but who wish to assist hearing-impaired individuals. Domestic (i.e., United States resident) students enrolled in NTID receive a reduced tuition rate which is both lower than RIT's regular tuition rate, as well as lower than the comparable tuition charged to NTID's International (i.e., non-US-resident) enrolled students. NTID was created through US Federal enabling legislation enacted in 1965, and receives Federal funding to subsidize the lower, domestic tuition rate.

Outside New York State
In neighboring Pennsylvania, the Commonwealth System of Higher Education recognizes a "state-related" status, in which an institution is provided with state funds in exchange for offering tuition discounts to students who are residents of Pennsylvania. The state allocations account for less than 10 percent of the budgets of the four institutions so designated, Lincoln University, Pennsylvania State University, Temple University, and the University of Pittsburgh, which remain academically and administratively independent of the state. In addition, the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine receives support from the state and offers in-state tuition to students who are residents of Pennsylvania.

Similarly, the private Baylor College of Medicine (BCM) charges residents of Texas a lower tuition rate than that charged to non-Texans for its Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) program, thanks to grants from the state of Texas. This arrangement, intended to increase the number of physicians in Texas, was put in place in 1969, at which time the medical school became an autonomous entity in order to avoid legal conflicts arising from Baylor's affiliation with the Baptist General Convention of Texas. State support only allays the cost of tuition for in-state students, and the state does not assist BCM with significant ongoing funding for research or outreach/extension purposes.

The University of Miami's Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine is located in Miami, Florida. Starting in 2004, the Miller School began offering instruction on the campus of Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida. MD candidates are admitted to either the Miami or Boca Raton programs and spend all four years studying on the selected campus. There is no on-campus housing for students of the Miller School of Medicine in Miami or Boca Raton. The Miami and Boca Raton campuses charge identical tuition, with a lower tuition for in-state students.

The University of Delaware is chartered as a "privately governed, state-assisted" university, as is Delaware State University. The university receives about 10 percent of its operating budget from the state, but is not a state agency, and the extent to which it is subject to laws requiring disclosure of spending of public funds is a matter of dispute.

International use of "statutory college" designator

The University of St Andrews, in St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom, has three units that are designated as colleges. Two of these colleges are designated as "statutory" colleges, which have ecclesiastical beginnings. One of these statutory colleges, United College, founded by a college merger in 1747, today exists as essentially a non-administrative entity kept for the sake of history and tradition. It houses the University's Faculties of Arts, Medicine, and Science. The other statutory college, St Mary's College, was founded in 1538, and is coexistent with the University's Faculty and School of Divinity. The remaining college, St Leonard's College, which is designated as "non-statutory," has similar early beginnings, but was re-instituted in 1972 as a central point of administration for postgraduate students. (St Andrews students who are postgraduates, as well as the University's postdoctoral fellows and research staff, are automatically enrolled as members of St Leonard's College.)

References

External links

New York State Education Law governing the statutory colleges
 Laws specific to Cornell University
 Laws specific to Alfred University

Court of general jurisdiction case law dealing with statutory college matters
A 1999 case against Cornell's College of Veterinatry Medicine about whether confidential records can be obtained through New York State's Freedom of Information Law (FOIL) (hosted by the Cornell Law School)
A 2005 case against Cornell's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences about FOIL

Administrative case law dealing with statutory college matters
Ruling stating that the NYS College of Ceramics is not a public (state) entity (causing the college's employees to not fall under National Labor Relations Board [NLRB] jurisdiction specifically encompassing state or political subdivisions) (PDF File)
Attorney General opinion that contracts between a state agency and a statutory college to obtain services is a contract between a state party and a non-state party and not interagency MOUs(PDF File)

Types of university or college
Special administrative structures in the United States
Education in New York (state)

Statutory college


El Estado de Vietnam (Quốc gia Việt Nam en vietnamita, État du Viêt-Nam en francés) fue un estado que reclamaba autoridad sobre todos los territorios que constituyen la actual Vietnam durante la Guerra de Indochina, y que sustituía al Gobierno Central Provisional de Vietnam (1948-1949). El gobierno provisional fue un breve gobierno de transición entre la Cochinchina colonial y un Estado independiente. El Estado fue creado en 1949 y fue reconocido internacionalmente en 1950, aunque su poder principal se concentraba en el sur de la Indochina, mientras que la República Democrática de Vietnam dominaba el norte. El exemperador Bảo Đại era el jefe de Estado (Quốc Truong). Ngô Đình Diệm fue nombrado primer ministro en 1954. Diem derrocó a Bao Đại el año siguiente y fue proclamado presidente de la República de Vietnam.

Historia

La unificación de Vietnam (1947-1948)

En febrero de 1945, tras el desembarco de tropas francesas, se pacificó Tonkín y la capital Hanói, así el territorio vietnamita quedó de nuevo bajo control francés. El Việt Minh, que había luchado por la independencia contra los japoneses, ante la exigencia de los franceses de entregar las armas se refugió en la selva y se preparó para continuar la guerra de independencia con la guerra de guerrillas; ahora contra la potencia colonial.

Con el fin de reducir la influencia en la población vietnamita del Việt Minh y de su caudillo Hồ Chí Minh, las autoridades francesas en Indochina apoyaron el regreso al poder del emperador (último gobernante de la dinastía de los Nguyen) Bảo Đại. Este último había sido obligado a abdicar por el Việt Minh el 25 de agosto de 1945, después de la caída del imperio de Vietnam, estado títere que había servido a los intereses coloniales de Francia y del Imperio del Japón.

El 5 de junio de 1948, los Acuerdos de Ha-Long permitieron la creación de un Estado unificado de Vietnam reemplazando a los antiguos estados de Tonkín, Annam y la Cochinchina asociado a Francia dentro de la Unión Francesa, la cual incluyó posteriormente a los vecinos reinos de Laos y Camboya.

Los Acuerdos de la Bahía de Ha-Long resultaron negativos en muchos aspectos —excepto el referéndum— que derivaron en la aplicación del Convenio de la Independencia de Indochina el 6 de marzo de 1946, firmado por el líder de la República Democrática de Vietnam, Hồ Chí Minh, y el Alto Comisionado de Francia en Indochina, almirante Thierry d'Argenlieu, representante provisional de la República Francesa.

Unión Francesa (1949-1954)

Tras la declaración de independencia (el 14 de junio de 1949) hasta 1954, el Estado de Vietnam tenía una autonomía parcial de Francia como un estado asociado dentro de la Unión Francesa.

Bao Đại luchó contra el líder comunista Hồ Chí Minh por la legitimidad del gobierno sobre todo Vietnam a través de la lucha entre el Ejército Nacional de Vietnam y el Việt Minh durante la Guerra de Indochina.

El Estado de Vietnam encontró apoyo en la Cuarta República francesa y los Estados Unidos (1950-1954), mientras que Hồ Chí Minh era respaldado por la República Popular China (desde 1950), y en menor medida por la Unión Soviética.

Partición (1954-1955)

Después de la Conferencia de Ginebra de 1954, el Estado de Vietnam pasó a ser plenamente independiente, con su salida de la Unión Francesa, siendo su territorio limitado a las tierras al sur del paralelo 17, y por lo tanto se le conocía como Vietnam del Sur.

La migración masiva de anticomunistas de Vietnam del Norte, principalmente católicos, fue procedida durante la franco-estadounidense Operación Pasaje a la Libertad en el verano de 1954.

Referéndum de 1955

El referéndum de 1955 del Estado de Vietnam determinó el régimen futuro del país. A raíz de los resultados del referéndum del Estado de Vietnam dejó de existir el 26 de octubre de 1955 y fue reemplazado por la República de Vietnam (conocido como Vietnam del Sur) bajo la "protección" de los Estados Unidos, la cual prosiguió la lucha contra los cuerpos armados de Vietnam del Norte, principalmente el Viet Cong que reemplazó al Viet Minh en la guerra de Vietnam.

Referencias

Estados y territorios fundados en 1949
Estados y territorios desaparecidos en 1955
Estados desaparecidos de Asia en el siglo XX
Estados desaparecidos del Sudeste Asiático
Gobiernos títeres
Estados y territorios desaparecidos de Vietnam
Guerra de Vietnam

Estado de Vietnam


El Apeadero de Canelas, igualmente conocido como Estación de Canelas, es una plataforma de la Línea del Norte, que sirve a las parroquias de Canelas, en el ayuntamiento de Estarreja, en Portugal.

Características

Localización y accesos
Se encuentra junto a la localidad de Canelas (Estarreja), teniendo acceso de transporte por la calle de la Estación.

Servicios
Esta plataforma es utilizada por los servicios urbanos de la línea de Aveiro, de la red de convoyes urbanos de Porto de la operadora Comboios de Portugal.

Historia
Previéndose, en marzo de 1902, la instalación de un apeadero, entre la Estación de Estarreja y el entonces Apeadero de Cacia; esta plataforma, que debía recibir la denominación de Canelas, debería ser dedicada al movimiento de pasajeros, sirviendo a la localidad de Salreu. En el mismo mes, fue aprobada la construcción, debiendo el apeadero estar en el kilómetro 283,300 de la línea del Norte; el edificio de pasajeros solo fue, no obstante, inaugurado en la década de 1940.

En 2003, estaba previsto, en el ámbito de un proyecto de remodelación de la línea del Norte, el cierre de este apeadero, junto con el de Salreu, para ser sustituidos por una única plataforma; esta solución, fue, no obstante, contestada por la alcaldía de Estarreja y por las poblaciones locales, por lo que la Red Ferroviaria Nacional decidió remodelar el Apeadero de Canelas y construir una nueva plataforma en Salreu. Las obras de remodelación en el apeadero de Canelas tuvieron lugar en 2007, habiéndose previsto su entrada en funcionamiento en diciembre de ese año; las principales alteraciones fueron la creación de un aparcamiento para vehículos ligeros y transportes colectivos, modificación de los muelle de pasajeros, instalación de un pasadizo superior peatonal, y la construcción de muros para delimitar las áreas ferroviarias.

En octubre de 2009, el antiguo edificio principal de este apeadero fue remodelado y cedido a la Cámara municipal de Estarreja, de modo que fuese aprovechado para fines culturales y ambientales; este proyecto, denominado como "Estación Viva", fue ejecutado por la empresa Ramalho Rosa Cobetar Sociedad de Construcciones, S. A.

En el año 2010, se notificó que en las proximidades de este apeadero se produjo el hurto de cerca de 60 metros de hilo de cobre, lo que produjo problemas en los sistemas de señalización.

Véase también
 Canelas
 Línea del Norte
 Red Ferroviaria Nacional

Enlaces externos

Referencias

Notas

Canelas
Estarreja
Canelas

Apeadero de Canelas


A Supercopa Russa de Voleibol Masculino de 2009 foi a 2.ª edição deste torneio organizado anualmente pela Federação Russa de Voleibol (). A competição ocorreu na cidade de Cazã e participaram do torneio a equipe campeã da Superliga Russa de 2008-09 e da Copa da Rússia de 2008.

O Dínamo Moscou se sagrou campeão pela segunda vez da competição ao derrotar o Zenit Kazan por 3 sets a 1.

Formato da disputa
O torneio foi disputado em partida única.

Equipes participantes

Resultado
|}

Premiação

Ligações externas

Supercopa Russa de Voleibol Masculino
2009 no voleibol
Desporto na Rússia em 2009


Wingfield Bullock (* im Spotsylvania County, Virginia; † 13. Oktober 1821 in Shelbyville, Kentucky) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Im Jahr 1821 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Wingfield Bullocks Geburtsdatum ist unbekannt. Auch seine Jugend liegt weitgehend im Dunklen. Er hat dann Jura studiert. Es ist aber nicht überliefert, ob er in irgendeiner Form als Jurist gearbeitet hat. Bullock wurde Mitglied der von Thomas Jefferson gegründeten Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei. Zwischen 1812 und 1814 vertrat er das Shelby County im Senat von Kentucky.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1820 wurde er im achten Wahlbezirk von Kentucky in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1821 die Nachfolge von Richard Clough Anderson antrat. Bullock konnte sein Mandat im Kongress nur wenige Monate bis zu seinem Tod am 13. Oktober 1821 ausüben. Sein Sitz im US-Repräsentantenhaus fiel nach einer Sonderwahl an James D. Breckinridge.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Kentucky
Mitglied des Senats von Kentucky
Mitglied der Demokratisch-Republikanischen Partei
US-Amerikaner
Geboren im 18. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 1821
Mann

Wingfield Bullock


Rotary International je međunarodna organizacija ljudi iz stručnog i poslovnog života koje se posvećuju humanim ciljevima, cijene i promiču visoka etička načela u poslovnom i privatnom životu, te šire dobru volju i razumijevanje u svijetu. To je sekularna organizacija i svatko joj se može pridružiti, bez obzira na spol, boju kože, religiju ili političko opredjeljenje. Rotaryjanci se obično okupljaju jednom tjedno ili ispunjavaju svoj princip razvoja prijateljstva kao priliku služenja. "To je dužnost svih rotaryjanaca", pišu u njihovom Radnim uputama. Osnovni moto Rotaryja je "Služenje prije svega" (engl. Service Above Self).

Inicijator Rotary ideje, Paul Harris, odvjetnik iz Chicaga, organizirao je i osnovao prvi Rotary klub 23. veljače 1905. godine. Godine 1910. Harris je postao prvi predsjednik međunarodne organizacije Rotary Internacional. Rotary je danas jedna od najuglednijih organizacija na svijetu s više od 34.000 Rotary klubova u preko 200 zemalja.

Rotary klubovi u Hrvatskoj su aktivni od 1990. godine.

Poznati Rotaryjanci
Popis nekih od najpoznatijih osoba koje su Rotaryjanci:

Vidi još
 Lions Clubs International
 Junior Chamber International

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica
 Rotary Hrvatska

Međunarodne nevladine organizacije
Organizacije u SAD-u
Aktivizam u SAD-u

Rotary International


Stjepan II. Prodavić je bio hrvatski velikaš s kraja 14. stoljeća.

Podrijetlo

Obitelj Prodavić porijetlo vuće iz mađarske velikaške obitelji Akoš koja se u uzvorima spominje već od 12. stoljeća, a čiji članovi su u 13. stoljeću i 14. stoljeću obnašali važne uloge u Hrvatsko-Ugarskom kraljevstvu. Posjede su imali u Ugarskoj (Peštanska i Szilagyska županija) i Hrvatskoj (Križevačka i Varaždinska županija).

Najpoznatiji član ogranka je bio Mikac Mihaljević (1312. – 1343.), sin Mihajla, ban cijele Slavonije koji se istaknuo u borbama s velikašima u Slavoniji i južnoj Ugarskoj na strani kralja Karla I. Roberta (1301. – 1342.), naročito Gisingovcima koji su držali velike posjede u navedenim područjima. Mikac Mihaljević je za to od Karla I. Roberta dobio niz posjeda, između ostalog i Prodavić, današnje Virje, po kojem su njegovi potomci dobili obiteljsko ime.

Stjepan I. Prodavić, sin Mikca Mihaljevića, je bio vitez na dvoru kralja Ludovika I. Anžuvinca (1326. – 1382.), veliki župan Požeški (1351.), a spominje se i u pratnji Hrvatske herceginje Margarete Bavarske kad je ona 1352. potvrdila privilegij kralja Ludovika I. izdan Turopolju te 1358. kada kralj Ludovik I. potvrđuje zamjenu Stjepanove zemlje Kapolna blizu Glogovnice za zemlju Zdelju (Miholjanec) u blizini Prodavića u vlasništvi Ivanovačkog priora.

Biografija
Stjepan II. Prodavić, zbog svoje nagle naravi prozvan još i Vrag (mađ. Őrdőg) spominje se 1395. godine kada je opljačkao posjede zagrebačkog biskupa Ivana Šipuškog u blizini Prodavića. Hrvatsko-Ugarski kralj Žigmund Luksemburški (1368. – 1437.) mu je naredio da nadoknadi štetu, a kad je Prodavić to odbio kralj izdaje 20. siječnja 1396. godine dozvolu Slavonskome banu Detriku Bebeku da mu zapljeni imanja.

Poslije Žigmundova poraza kod Nikopolja 1396, pristao je uz slavonske plemiće predvođene Hrvatsko-Dalmatinskim banom Stjepanom II. Lackovićem, koji su neznajući Žigmundovu sudbinu nakon Nikopolja zahtijevali da prijestolje preuzme Ladislav Napuljski (1377. – 1414.), sin Hrvatsko-Ugarskog kralja Karla Dračkog (1345. – 1386.).

Krvavi sabor Križevački
Po povratku u Ugarsku kralj Žigmund sazvao je Slavonski sabor u Križevcima, u cilju da se pomiri s velikašima koji su podupirali Ladislava Napuljskog. Kralj je osobno jamčio pisanim putem slobodni pristup svim velikašima (saluus conductus) te obečao da se neće osvečivati nikome za potporu Ladislavu Napuljskom. Sabor se održao 27. veljače 1397. godine u crkvi Sv. Križa, a kako po hrvatskom zakonu nije bilo dozvoljeno unositi oružje na Sabor, Slavonski velikaši su došli nenaoružani dok je banska vojska ostala izvan zidina Križevaca. Kraljevi pristaše, koji su na sabor stigli prije Slavonskih velikaša zadržali su svoje oružje. Odmah na početku sabora došlo je do žestokih prepirki gdje su kraljevi pristaše bana Lackovića optužili za izdaju u bitci kod Nikopolja. U svađi kraljevi pristaše vade oružje te u sukobu ubijaju bana Lackovića, nečaka mu Andriju i ostale prisutne slavonske velikaše.

Na vijest o ubojstvu bana Lackovića banska vojska ulazi u Križevce te se sukobljavaju s kraljevim pristašama. Tridesetak Hrvata je ubijeno prije nego što se banska vojska povlaći. Ostatak banske vojske se okuplja oko Stjepana Prodavića te u sljedećih nekoliko dana bezuspješno progone Žigmunda Luksemburškog po Podravini tražeći osvetu. Tek 3. ožujka 1397. godine Žigmund uspijeva preći Dravu i povući se dublje u Ugarsku.

Nakon neuspješnog pokušaja osvete kralju, Prodavić se sklanja u svoju utvrdu Sušicu kraj Đurđevca, a nakon toga bježi pred kraljevim pristašama u Bosnu. Njegova je imanja, zajedno s Prodavićem, zaplijenio kralj, ali ih je ubrzo vratio Stjepanovu sinu Nikoli. No Nikola ih je morao zamijeniti za neka imanja u Peštanskoj županiji te se više Prodavići ne spominju u Hrvatskoj.

Izvori

Povijest Hrvatske (1102. – 1527.)

Stjepan Prodavić


Knaphul er et hul i et stykke stof, der lader knapper komme igennem og fastgør et stykke stof til et andet. Kanterne i knaphullet bliver normalt afsluttet med en syning. Det kan gøres enten i hånden med  knaphulssting eller med symaskinesting. (Nogle knapper fæstnes i en løkke af stof eller snor i stedet for et knaphul). Knaphuller (uden knapper) sys i en jakkes revers med plads til en blomst eller et ridderkors. Knaphulskløe stammer fra det sidste.

Se også
 Bælte
 Lynlås

Eksterne henvisninger

Beklædning
Fastgøringsemner

Knaphul


موجيباكي (باليابانية: 文字化け  مشتقة من موجي (文字 (もじ) و تعني سمة أو حرف و باكي (化け) و تعني تغير) تصف ظهور حروف و رموز غير مفهومة عندما يفشل برنامج الحاسوب من فك تشفيرة اللغة. و ينتج الموجيباكي من تحول حرف  إلى تشفيره إلى فساده—مثلا "Žš۔

مثال

انظر أيضاً
 صيغة التحويل الموحد-8

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 ようこそ!これは「ヤングさんの文字化けを直すページ」です。 مصحح موجيباكي

أخطاء الحاسوب
تراميز محارف
مصطلحات يابانية
هراء

موجيباكي


Klempau Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Herzogtum Lauenburg iline bağlı bölge. 10,07 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 621 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Karl Bartels tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-berkenthin.de

Herzogtum Lauenburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Klempau


Hartmut Bräuer (* 21. März 1947 in Hohenlockstedt) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Langstreckenläufer.

1973 wurde er über 3000 m Deutscher Vizemeister in der Halle und wurde Siebter bei den Leichtathletik-Halleneuropameisterschaften in Rotterdam. Insgesamt trat er von 1971 bis 1973 viermal im Nationaltrikot an.

Hartmut Bräuer startete für die LG Itzehoe.

Persönliche Bestzeiten

 3000 m: 8:02,4 min, 24. Juni 1973, Aarhus
 Halle: 7:54,6 min, 24. Februar 1973, Berlin (schleswig-holsteinischer Rekord)
 10.000 m: 29:17,2 min, 30. April 1975, Hamburg

Literatur
 Klaus Amrhein: Biographisches Handbuch zur Geschichte der Deutschen Leichtathletik 1898–2005. 2 Bände. Darmstadt 2005 publiziert über Deutsche Leichtathletik Promotion- und Projektgesellschaft, S. 124f

Langstreckenläufer (Deutschland)
Deutscher
Mann
Geboren 1947

Hartmut Bräuer


O Museu da Amazônia (Musa) é um jardim botânico brasileiro localizado na cidade de Manaus.

Características
Criado em janeiro de 2009, o jardim botânico ocupa cerca de 100 hectares da reserva florestal Adolpho Ducke e reúne trilhas, laboratórios experimentais e uma torre de 42 metros de altura.

Links

 Página oficial

Amazonia
Jardins botânicos do Brasil

Museu da Amazônia


An Dendrobium acutifolium in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Henry Nicholas Ridley. An Dendrobium acutifolium in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Sumatera. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dendrobium

Dendrobium acutifolium


Monlezun-d'Armagnac ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Gers in der Region Okzitanien; sie gehört zum Arrondissement Condom und zum Kanton Grand-Bas-Armagnac.

Geographie
Die Gemeinde liegt in der Landschaft Bas-Armagnac am rechten Ufer der Izaute, die rund zwei Kilometer weiter in den Midou mündet, rund 25 Kilometer südöstlich von Mont-de-Marsan. Nachbargemeinden von Monlezun-d'Armagnac sind Maupas im Norden, Laujuzan im Osten, Mormès im Süden und Toujouse im Westen.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Wirtschaft
Die Gemeinde ist landwirtschaftlich geprägt, wobei auch der Weinbau eine Rolle spielt. Das Gebiet ist bekannt für die Herstellung des Armagnac-Weinbrandes.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Kirche Saint Orens aus dem 15. Jahrhundert

Weblinks

Ort in Okzitanien
Weinbauort in Frankreich

Monlezun-d’Armagnac


الندم هو الحزن، أو شدة الحزن. وهو تعبير عاطفي لإحساس الشخص بالذنب بعد ارتكابه لفعل اعتبره الشخص عارًا أو خطأ، ويرتبط الندم بشكل وثيق بالاستياء الشخصي الناجم عن الإحساس بالذنب.
والفرق بين الندم والهَمّ أنّ النّدمُ أخصُّ من الهمّ؛ لأنّ الهمّ قد يكون بندامةٍ وبغير ندامة، ولا تكون النّدامة بغير همّ، فكلّ ندامةٍ همٌّ وليس كلّ همٍّ ندامةً، والنّدامَةُ في غالبِها عن تقصيْرٍ بخلاف الهمّ فإنّه قد يحصلُ بلا تقصيرٍ ولا سببٍ راجعٍ إلى المُصابِ به مِن حيث اختيارُه وتدبيرُه، والنّدامةُ نارٌ حطبُها الهُمُوم والمخاوفُ والأحزانُ.

الندم في النصوص الإسلامية
الندم شعور إنسانيٌّ له أسباب عديدة، إما فعلُ ما يستوجب الندم، أو فوات ما يستوجب الندم، والشعور بالندم له مرارةٌ لا ينساها مَن يتجرعها، وأشد أنواع الندم هو ما يكون على التقصير في حق الله تعالى، وفوات رحمته.

جاء في كتاب «الحاوي في تفسير القرآن الكريم»: «التوبة مِن الندم، وذلك أنك قد تندم على الشيء ولا تعتقد قبحَه، ولا تكون التوبة من غير قبح، فكل توبة ندمٌ، وليس كل ندم توبة». لذلك نجدُ أن الله تعالى قد امتدح النفس اللوَّامة، وأقسم بها في كتابه العزيز، قال تعالى: .

صور الندم في القرآن الكريم
لقد تعدَّدت صور الندم في القرآن الكريم، بدايةً من الندم على الإشراك بالله تعالى، وعدم اتباع ما جاء به الأنبياء عليهم السلام، مرورًا بالندم على موالاة الكافرين والظالمين والعصاة، انتهاءً بالندم على اقتراف المعاصي والذنوب التي توجب العذاب يوم القيامة.
واستخدام لفظ «ليت» أو «يا ليت» إنما هو للتمني، ويدل -إذا استخدم لما مضى وفات- على الندم.

أ) الندم على الإشراك بالله تعالى:

قال تعالى: .

ب) الندم على عدم اتباع الرسول :

قال تعالى: .

ج) الندم على موالاة الكافرين والمنافقين والظالمين:

 قال تعالى: .
 قال تعالى: .
 قال تعالى: .
 قال تعالى: .

د) الندم على اتخاذ الصحبة السيئة:

قال تعالى: .

هـ) الندم على فوات الفضل والغنيمة والمكاسب:

قال تعالى: .

و) الندم على التسرع في الحكم على المواقف والأشخاص دون بيِّنة:

قال تعالى: .

ز) الندم على اقتراف الذنوب والمعاصي والأفعال والسلوكيات والقرارات الخاطئة:

قال تعالى: .

ح) الندم على إقحام النفس في الذنوب التي تستوجب الخزي والعذاب يوم القيامة:

 قال تعالى: ﴿وَلَوْ تَرَى إِذْ وُقِفُوا عَلَى النَّارِ فَقَالُوا يَا لَيْتَنَا نُرَدُّ وَلَا نُكَذِّبَ بِآيَاتِ رَبِّنَا وَنَكُونَ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾.
 قال تعالى: ﴿وَلَوْ أَنَّ لِكُلِّ نَفْسٍ ظَلَمَتْ مَا فِي الْأَرْضِ لَافْتَدَتْ بِهِ وَأَسَرُّوا النَّدَامَةَ لَمَّا رَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ وَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْقِسْطِ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ﴾.
 قال تعالى: ﴿وَمَنْ يَعْشُ عَنْ ذِكْرِ الرَّحْمَنِ نُقَيِّضْ لَهُ شَيْطَانًا فَهُوَ لَهُ قَرِينٌ * وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَصُدُّونَهُمْ عَنِ السَّبِيلِ وَيَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ مُهْتَدُونَ * حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءَنَا قَالَ يَا لَيْتَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَكَ بُعْدَ الْمَشْرِقَيْنِ فَبِئْسَ الْقَرِينُ﴾.
 قال تعالى: ﴿وَأَمَّا مَنْ أُوتِيَ كِتَابَهُ بِشِمَالِهِ فَيَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي لَمْ أُوتَ كِتَابِيَهْ﴾.
 قال تعالى: ﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ عَذَابًا قَرِيبًا يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَا لَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا﴾.
 قال تعالى: ﴿وَجِيءَ يَوْمَئِذٍ بِجَهَنَّمَ يَوْمَئِذٍ يَتَذَكَّرُ الْإِنْسَانُ وَأَنَّى لَهُ الذِّكْرَى * يَقُولُ يَا لَيْتَنِي قَدَّمْتُ لِحَيَاتِي﴾.

بالتدقيق في هذه النماذج وغيرها، نجد أنها قد غطَّت معظم الجوانب التي تُقحِم صاحبها في المعاصي، التي تستوجب الندم في وقت لا ينفع فيه الندم.

في الأحاديث النبوية
 عن أبي سعيد الخدري  أن النبي  قال: ((لا حسدَ إلا في اثنتينِ: رجلٌ أعطاه اللهُ القرآنَ فهو يتلوه آناءَ الليلِ (وآناءَ) النهارِ، فسمِعه رجلٌ فقال: يا ليتَني أُوتيتُ بمثلِ ما أُوتِيَ هذا، فعملتُ فيه مثلَ ما يعملُ هذا، ورجلٌ آتاه اللهُ مالًا فهو يُهلكُه في الحقِّ، فقال رجلٌ: يا ليتَني أُوتيتُ مثلَ ما أُوتِيَ هذا، فعملتُ فيه مثلَ ما يعملُ)).
 عن أبي هريرة  أن النبي  قال: ((لا تقومُ الساعةُ حتى يمرَّ الرجلُ بقبرِ الرجلِ، فيقول: يا ليْتَنِي مكانَه)).
 وعن أبي هريرة أيضًا أن النبي  قال: ((والَّذي نفسي بيدِهِ، لا تذهَبُ الدُّنيا حتَّى يمرَّ الرَّجلُ علَى القبرِ فيتمرَّغُ عليهِ، ويقولُ: يا ليتَني كنتُ مَكانَ صاحبِ هذا القبرِ، وليسَ بهِ الدِّينُ إلَّا البلاء)).
 عن عائشة  قالت: قال لي رسول الله : ((يا عائشةُ، إن كنتِ ألمَمْتِ بذنبٍ، فاستغفِري اللهَ؛ فإنَّ التَّوبةَ مِنَ الذَّنبِ النَّدامةُ والاستغفارُ)).
 عن عبد الله بن عباس  أن النبي  قال: ((كفارةُ الذَّنبِ النَّدامةُ، ولو لم تُذنِبوا لأتَى اللهُ بقومٍ يُذنِبونَ لِيغفِرَ لهم)).
 عن أنس بن مالك  أن النبي  قال: ((يُرسَلُ البكاءُ على أهلِ النارِ، فيَبْكُونَ حتى تنقطِعَ الدموعُ، ثُمَّ يبكونَ الدَّمَ، حتى يصيرَ في وجوهِهِم كهيئَةِ الأخدودِ، لو أرسلَتْ فيه السفنُ لجرَتْ)).
 ذكر ابن بطال عن عمرَ  أنه تناولَ تبنةً من الأرضِ، فقال: يا ليتَني هذه التبنةُ، يا ليتني لم أكُ شيئًا، يا ليتَ أمِّي لم تلدني، يا ليتني كنتُ نسيًا منسيًّا، وقال: لو كانَتْ لي الدنيا لافتديتُ بها من النارِ ولم أرَها.

بعض نماذج الندم والتوبة
إن الله يغفر الذنوب جميعًا ما لم يُشرَك به سبحانه وتعالى، ويَقبل التائبين، ويُقيل عثرات المذنبين، فلا يقنَطْ أحد من رحمة الله تعالى مهما بلغت ذنوبه؛ فرحمة الله وَسِعت كلَّ شيء، وهذه بعض من قصص توبة التائبين المشهورة.

1- امرأة تريد فتنة الرَّبيع بن خُثيم:

"أمر قومٌ امرأةً ذات جمال بارع أن تتعرَّض للربيع بن خُثَيْمٍ لعلها تفتِنُه، وجعلوا لها إن فعلَتْ ذلك ألف درهم، فلبِسَت أحسن ما قدرت عليه من الثياب، وتطيَّبت بأطيب ما قدرت عليه، ثم تعرَّضت له حين خرج من مسجده، فنظر إليها فراعه أمرُها، فأقبلت عليه وهي سافرةٌ، فقال لها الربيع:
كيف بك لو قد نزلت الحمى بجسمك، فغيَّرت ما أرى من لونك وبهجتك؟
أم كيف بك لو قد نزل بك مَلَك الموت، فقطع منك حَبْل الوَتِين؟
أم كيف بك لو سألك مُنكرٌ ونكير؟

فصرخت صرخة، فسقطت مغشيًّا عليها، فوالله لقد أفاقت، وبلغت من عبادة ربها ما أنها كانت يوم ماتت كأنها جذع محترق".

2- قصة توبة أبي مِحْجن الثقفي:

عن ابن سيرين قال: «كان أبو محجن الثقفي لا يزال يُجلَدُ في الخمر، فلما أكثر عليهم سجَنوه وأوثقوه، فلما كان يوم القادسية، فكأنه رأى أن المشركين قد أصابوا في المسلمين، فأرسل إلى أم ولد سعد -أو امرأة سعد- إن أبا محجن يقول لك: إن خلَّيتِ سبيله وحملتِه على هذا الفرس ودفعت إليه سلاحًا، لَيكونن أول مَن يرجع إليك إلا أن يُقتل، فحلَّت عنه قيوده، وحمل على فرسٍ كان في الدار، وأعطي سلاحًا، ثم خرج يركض حتى لحق بالقوم، فجعل لا يزال يحمل على رجل، فيقتله ويدق صلبه، فنظر إليه سعد فجعل يتعجب، ويقول: مَن ذاك الفارس؟ قال: فلم يلبثوا إلا يسيرًا حتى هزمهم الله، ورجع أبو محجن، ورد السلاح، وجعل رجليه في القيود كما كان، فجاء سعد فقالت له امرأته: كيف كان قتالُكم، فجعل يخبرها ويقول: لقينا ولقينا، حتى بعث الله رجلًا على فرس أبلق (فيه سواد وبياض)، لولا أني تركت أبا محجن في القيود لقلتُ: إنها بعض شمائل أبي محجن، فقالت: والله إنه لأبو محجن، كان أمره كذا وكذا، فقصَّت عليه قصته، فدعا به فحلَّ قيوده، وقال: لا نجلدك على الخمر أبدًا، قال أبو محجن: وأنا والله لا أشربها أبدًا، كنت آنف أن أدعَها من أجل جَلْدِكم، قال: فلم يشربها بعد ذلك».

3- قصة توبة الفُضيل بن عِياض:

عن علي بن خشرم قال: أخبرني رجل مِن جيران الفضيل بن عياض، قال: كان الفضيل يقطعُ الطريق وحدَه، فخرج ذات ليلةٍ ليقطع الطريق، فإذا هو بقافلةٍ قد انتهت إليه ليلًا، فقال بعضهم لبعض: اعدلوا بنا إلى هذه القرية، فإن أمامَنا رجلًا يقطع الطريق يقال له: الفضيل، قال: فسمع الفضيل، فأرعد، فقال: يا قوم، أنا الفضيل، جُوزوا، واللهِ لأجتهدن ألَّا أعصي الله أبدًا، فرجع عما كان عليه".

وفيه أيضًا:

"روى ابن عساكر بسنده عن الفضيل بن موسى قال: كان الفضيل شاطرًا يقطع الطريق بين أبيورد وسرخس (مدينتان بإقليم خرسان بإيران)، وكان سببُ توبته أنه عشِق جاريةً، فبينما هو يرتقي الجدران إليها سمع تاليًا يتلو: ﴿أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا أَنْ تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ...﴾ الآية، قال: يا رب، قد آن، فرجع فآواه الليل إلى خربةٍ، فإذا فيها رفقة، فقال بعضهم: نرتحل، وقال قوم: حتى نصبح، فإن فضيلًا على الطريق يقطع علينا، قال: ففكرت وقلت: أنا أسعى بالليل في المعاصي، وقوم من المسلمين ها هنا يخافونني، وما أرى الله ساقني إليهم إلا لأرتدع، اللهم إني قد تبت إليك، وجعلتُ توبتي مجاورةَ البيت الحرام".

4- توية بشر الحافي:

وذكر غير واحد أن بشرًا كان شاطرًا في بدء أمره، وأن سبب توبته أنه وجد رقعة فيها اسم الله عز وجل في أتون حمام فرفعها ورفع طرفه إلى السماء وقال: سيدي اسمك ههنا ملقى يداس ثم ذهب إلى عطار فاشترى بدرهم غالية وضمخ تلك الرقعة منها ووضعها حيث لا تنال، فأحيا الله قلبه وألهمه رشده وصار إلى ما صار إليه من العبادة والزهادة.

الندم من التوبة
الندم هو الركن الأعظم في التوبة، فقد صح أن رسول قال: «النَّدَمُ تَوْبَةٌ». وليس هو التوبة نفسها، ويتحقق الندم بلوم النفس عليه، ويتبعها من الحزن، أو شدة الحزن، والخوف، وقال الراغب: الندم التحسر على ما فات، وفسَّر أيضًا بالأسف، وهو الحزن أو المبالغة في الحزن. فتحصيل الندم ليس بالأمر الصعب فكل حزن يشعر به بعد فعل المعصية يحصل منه الندم المقصود للتوبة، وكذلك أي تألم للقلب على الذنب، وكل من علم جنايته فخاف مقام ربه أو عاقبة ذنبه حصّل الندم. والحاصل أن تحصيل الندم الذي يحمل على ترك المعصية، يتحقق لكل من ترك المعصية لكونها معصية لله تعالى، أو من تركها خوفًا من الله، أو كره وقوعه فيها.

قال ابن حجر: «... وقال غيره شروط التوبة ثلاثة: الإقلاع والندم والعزم على أن لا يعود، والتعبير بالرجوع عن الذنب لا يفيد معنى الندم بل هو إلى معنى الإقلاع أقرب وقال بعضهم يكفي في التوبة تحقق الندم على وقوعه منه فإنه يستلزم الإقلاع عنه والعزم على عدم العود فهما ناشئان عن الندم لا أصلان معه ومن ثم جاء الحديث (الندم توبة) وهو حديث حسن من حديث بن مسعود أخرجه بن ماجة وصححه الحاكم وأخرجه بن حبان من حديث أنس وصححه».

وقال أبو حامد الغزالي: «اعلم أن التوبة عبارة عن معنى ينتظم ويلتثم من ثلاثة أمور مرتبة: علم وحال وفعل، فالعلم الأول، والحال الثاني، والفعل الثالث، وَالْأَوَّلُ مُوجِبٌ لِلثَّانِي، وَالثَّانِي مُوجِبٌ، لِلثَّالِثِ إِيجَابًا اقتضاه اطراد سُنَّةُ اللَّهِ فِي الْمُلْكِ وَالْمَلَكُوتِ، أَمَّا الْعِلْمُ فهو معرفة عظم ضرر الذنوب وكونها حجاباً بَيْنَ الْعَبْدِ وَبَيْنَ كُلِّ مَحْبُوبٍ، فَإِذَا عَرَفَ ذَلِكَ مَعْرِفَةً مُحَقَّقَةً بِيَقِينٍ غَالِبٍ عَلَى قَلْبِهِ، ثَارَ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْمَعْرِفَةِ تَأَلُّمٌ لِلْقَلْبِ بِسَبَبِ فَوَاتِ الْمَحْبُوبِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْقَلْبَ مَهْمَا شَعَرَ بِفَوَاتِ مَحْبُوبِهِ تَأَلَّم، َ فَإِنْ كَانَ فَوَاتُهُ بِفِعْلِهِ تَأَسَّفَ عَلَى الْفِعْلِ الْمُفَوِّتِ، فَيُسَمَّى تَأَلُّمُهُ بِسَبَبِ فِعْلِهِ الْمُفَوِّتِ لِمَحْبُوبِهِ نَدَمًا، فَإِذَا غَلَبَ هَذَا الْأَلَمُ على القلب واستولى وانبعث مِنْ هَذَا الْأَلَمِ فِي الْقَلْب، ِ حَالَةٌ أُخْرَى تُسَمَّى إِرَادَةً وَقَصْدًا إِلَى فِعْلٍ لَهُ تَعَلُّقٌ بالحال والماضي وَبِالِاسْتِقْبَالِ، أَمَّا تَعَلُّقُهُ بِالْحَالِ فَبِالتَّرْكِ لِلذَّنْبِ الَّذِي كَانَ مُلَابِسًا، وَأَمَّا بِالِاسْتِقْبَالِ فَبِالْعَزْمِ عَلَى تَرْكِ الذَّنْبِ الْمُفَوِّتِ لِلْمَحْبُوبِ إِلَى آخِرِ الْعُمُرِ، وَأَمَّا بالماضي فبتلافي ما فات بالجبر والقضاء إن كان قابلاً للجبر».

أصول الندم
أصولَ النّدم أربعةٌ، وهي:

 تضييعُ الأموال والأوقات.
 عدمُ القيامِ بالواجبات وعدمُ أداء الحقوق، أو التّقصيرُ فيهما.
 الدّخولُ فيما لا يعني.
 عدمُ وجودِ هدفٍ حياتيّ سامٍ يُسعى إليه، أو التّقصيرُ في تحصيلِه.

أمثال وأقوال الشعراء في الندم
 سفيان الثوري: من لعب بعمره ضيّع أيام حرثِه ومن ضيع أيام حرثه ندم أيام حصاده.
 قال زهير بن أبي سلمى: ومن يجعل المعروف في غير أهله*** يكن حمده ذمّاً عليه ويندم.
 قال لقمان: من لا يملك لسانه يندم.
 قال ابن معصوم المدني:

 قال المتنبي:

 قال عمران بن حطان:

 قال سقراط: قلة الدين وقلة الأدب وقلة الندم عند الخطأ وقلة قبول العتاب أمراض لا دواء لها.

مراجع

اعتلال نفسي
مشاعر

ندم


تركي الشايع، لاعب كرة قدم كويتي سابق.

لاعب نادي الصليبيخات الرياضي الكويتي وكانت بداية لعبه مع نادي الكويت الكويتي في عمر 13-18 ثم لاعب مع نادي النصر الكويتي وثم مع المنتخب الكويتي و كانت أفضل مباراة لعبها مع المنتخب مع منتخب لبنان حينها سجل هدفاً.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو كرة قدم كويتيون
لاعبو نادي الصليبخات
لاعبو نادي الكويت
لاعبو نادي النصر (الكويت)
مواليد 1390 هـ
مواليد 1971

تركي الشايع


Gibraltars fodboldlandshold () repræsenterer Gibraltar i fodboldturneringer og kontrolleres af Gibraltar Football Association.

Historie

Island Games
Før Gibraltar blev medlem af UEFA, deltog de jævnligt i fodboldkonkurrencer. Siden 1993 har de deltaget i Island Games, som er et multisportsstævne for små ø-nationer og øer, som ikke er selvstændigge nationer. Gibraltar vandt Island Games i 2007.

*Guld baggrund viser, at turneringen blev vundet. Rød kant viser, at turneringen blev holdt på hjemmebane.

UEFA/FIFA
Landet blev medlem af UEFA i 2013 og spillede sin første kamp i dette regi 19. november samme år mod . I denne kamp benyttede manager Alan Bula blandt andet spillere fra den engelske liga, der havde familiemæssig tilknytning til Gibraltar, blandt andet Danny Higginbotham, der tidligere havde spillet i blandt andet Manchester United og Stoke. Denne beslutning var ikke lige populær i det lille samfund, og Bulas efterfølger, Jeff Wood, valgte ikke at benytte sig af denne mulighed, da han tiltrådte i 2015.

Seneste resulter og kommende kampe

Fodnoter

Referencer

Fodboldlandshold i Europa

Gibraltars fodboldlandshold


Menkesova bolest ili Menkesov sindrom je recesivni poremećaj na X-kromosomu kod kojeg se javlja nedostatak bakra.   Bolest obično nastupa tijekom novorođenačke dobi, s prevalencijom od jednog oboljelog na 100.000 do 250.000 novorođenčadi.

Djeca s Menkesovom bolesti obično ne žive dulje od treće godine. Javlja se češće kod muškaraca nego kod žena jer je potrebna samo jedna kopija recesivnog gena smještenog na X-kromosomu kako bi se mogla razviti bolest. Ako se ovaj poremećaj javi kod ženske osobe, kod nje se na oba X-kromosoma nalaze kopije recesivnog gena.  Karakteritični simptomi su: lomljiva kosa, zaostatak u rastu i mentalna dezorijentiranost. Bolest je uzrokovana mutacijama na genu ATP7A, koji kodira protein važan za kontrolu koncentracije bakra u tijelu.

Ovaj poremećaj je prvotno opisao neurolog John Hans Menkes (1928.–2008.) godine 1962.

Znakovi i simptomi
Znakovi i simptomi ove bolesti uključuju slab mišićni tonus (hipotonija), debeljuškasti obrazi, napadaji, intelektualna ograničenost i zastoj u razvoju. Pacijenti imaju lomljivu kosu i širenje metafiza. U rijetkim slučajevima, simptomi se javljaju u kasnijem razdoblju djetinjstva i manje su ozbiljni. Djeca s ovim poremećajem često su rođena prije termina. Simptomi se javljaju tijekom novorođenačke dobi i uglavnom su posljedica abnormalne apsorpcije bakra u crijevima s nedostatkom mitohondrijskih enzima ovisnih o bakru. Normalan ili blago usporen razvoj može potrajati prva dva do tri mjeseca te potom nastupa teški zastoj u razvoju. Među simptomima su također napadaji, nenapredovanje na tjelesnoj masi, niska tjelesna temperatura i kovrčava kosa boje željeza ili bezbojna, koja je izrazito lomljiva. Može se javiti i jaka neurodegeneracija u sivoj tvari mozga. Arterijama u mozgu mogu biti oštećene stijenke, što dovodi do njihova pucanja. Skeletne promjene (osteoporoza) kao posljedicu imaju lomove.

Sindrom okcipitalnog roga (poznat i kao Ehlers-Danlosov sindrom tipa 9) je blagi oblik Menkesove bolesti koji se razvija u ranom ili srednjem djetinjstvu. Karakteriziraju ga naslage kalcija u kostima lubanjske baze (zatiljna kost), gruba kosa, mlitava koža i zglobovi.

Mehanizam
 Gen ATP7A kodira transmembranski protein koji prenosi bakar kroz staničnu membranu. Ima ga u raznim stanicama tijela, pogotovo u jetri. U tankom crijevu protein ATP7A pomaže regulaciju apsorpcije bakra iz hrane. U drugim stanicama se nalazi između Golgijeva aparata i stanične membrane kako bi održao normalne koncentracije bakra u tijelu. Protein je obično smješten u Golgijevu aparatu, koji je važan za postranslacijsku modifikaciju proteina, uključujući i enzime. U Golgijevu aparatu, ATP7A protein opskrbljuje bakrom enzime koji su nužni za strukturu i funkciju kosti, kože, kose, krvnih žila i živčanog sustava. Ako je koncentracija bakra povišena, protein putuje do stanične membrane i uklanja višak bakra iz stanice. Mutacije na genu ATP7A kao što su delecije i insercije vode do brisanja dijelova nekih gena čime se stvara skraćeni ATP7A protein.

Kada je smanjeno stvaranje funkcionalnog ATP7A proteina, dolazi do oštećenje apsorpcije bakra iz hrane te nedostatne opskrbe određenih enzima bakrom.
Jedan od enzima važnih za sintezu kolagena, lizil oksidaza, treba bakar za pravilnu funkciju. Ovaj enzim stvaranjem poprečnih kovalentnih veza učvršćuje kolagenska vlakna. Ako je snižena razina bakra, stvara se jako malo ovog enzima i nastaje defektni kolagen, što ima negativne posljedice za razvoj kostiju, krvnih žila i noktiju.

Kao kofaktor u svom djelovanju bakar treba i dopamin beta-hidroksilaza koja katalizira pretvorbu neurotransmitera dopamina u neurotransmiter i hormon noradrenalin. Ipak, unatoč tome, razina noradrenalina u krvi i cerebrospinalnom likvoru, zbog raznih kompenzacijskih mehanizama (smanjena hidroksilacija tirozina i smanjeno otpuštanje noradrenalina egzocitozom), nije smanjena. Međutim, povišen omjer DOPA/DHPG može poslužiti kao biokemijski marker ovog poremećaja.

Uzrok i prevencija
Mutacije na genu ATP7A  smještenog na X-kromosomu, vodi do nastanka Menkesove bolesti. Oko 30% slučajeva nastaje zbog novonastalih mutacija, dok je oko 70% naslijeđeno, gotovo uvijek od majke. Iako se bolest češće manifestira kod muškaraca, žene mogu biti nositelji njezina gena. Kao posljedica mutacije na ATP7A genu, bakar se slabo prenosi do stanica tijela. Bakar se nakuplja u nekim tkivima, kao što su tanko crijevo i bubrezi dok mozak i druga tkiva imaju neuobičajeno niske koncentracije. Smanjena opskrba bakrom smanjuje aktivnost brojnih enzima ovisnih o bakru čija je aktivnost nužna za strukturu i funkciju kosti, kože, kose, krvnih žila i živčanog sustava. Kao i kod drugih X-vezanih bolesti, ženska djeca čija je majka nositelj imaju 50% šansi postati nositelj, ali su najčešće zdrava; muška djeca imaju 50% šansi dobiti ovaj poremećaj.

Dijagnoza
Menkesova bolest može se otkriti testiranjem razine bakra i ceruloplazmina u krvi, biopsijom kože, i ispitivanjem kose optičkim mikroskopom kako bi se mogle uočiti abnormalnosti kose karakteristične za ovaj poremećaj. Rendgenom lubanje i kostura uočavaju se defekti u razvoju kostiju. Omjer homovanilinska kiselina/vanilbademova kiselina u urinu može omogućiti rano otkrivanje poremećaja. Budući da je 70% slučajeva Menkesove bolesti naslijeđeno, rade se genetska testiranja majke u potrazi za mutacijom na ATP7A genu.

Liječenje i prognoza
Nema lijeka za Menkesovu bolest. Rano liječenje injekcijama suplemenata bakra (u obliku acetata) može blago poboljšati stanje. Među dvanaestero novorođenčadi s dijagnosticiranom Menkesovom bolesti, 92% je doživjelo dob od 4,6 godina. Druga liječenja uglavnom uključuju ublažavanje simptoma bolesti, kao što su analgetici, lijekovi protiv napadaja i fizikalna terapija.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on ATP7A-Related Copper Transport Disorders

Sindromi

Menkesova bolest


Iñaki Uriarte Cantolla (Nueva York, 1946) es un articulista, crítico literario y escritor español, conocido por su diario literario.

Biografía
Con su primer libro, Diarios (1999-2003), ganó el Premio Euskadi de ensayo en castellano (2011) y el Premio Tigre Juan (2011). En 2019 reunió los tres volúmenes de sus diarios publicados hasta la fecha en un solo tomo, al que añadió un epílogo inédito.

En 2019, una selección de sus diarios se publicó en francés con el título de Bâiller devant Dieu (Bostezar ante Dios).

Uriarte es crítico literario del periódico vasco El Correo, donde también publica artículos de opinión.

Antonio Muñoz Molina ha señalado la influencia de los autores franceses en Uriarte, especialmente de Proust, Montaigne y Pascal, y dentro de la tradición española, ha emparentado el tono de estos diarios con el que emplean Pío Baroja y Josep Pla. Por su parte, Enrique Vila-Matas lo relaciona con Jules Renard y el filósofo Frédéric Schiffter con Cioran, Montaigne, Chamfort y Pascal.

Obra
Diarios (1999-2003). Logroño: Pepitas de Calabaza, 2010.
Diarios (2004-2007). Logroño: Pepitas de Calabaza, 2011.
Diarios (2008-2010). Logroño: Pepitas de Calabaza, 2015.
Diarios. Epílogo. Logroño: Pepitas de Calabaza, 2019.

Traducciones
Bâiller devant Dieu. Traducción: Carlos Pardo. Prefacio: Frédéric Schiffter, Éditions Séguier: 2019.

Bibliografía
 MUÑOZ MOLINA, Antonio: «Viendo nevar fuera», El País, 28 de marzo de 2015.
 VILA-MATAS, Enrique: «Iñaki Uriarte en su leyenda», El País, 28 de octubre de 2019.
 LUQUE AMO, Álvaroː Un pequeño Montaigne. Trapiello, Uriarte y el diario literario en España, Revista de Occidente, ISSN 0034-8635, Nº 488, 2022 (Ejemplar dedicado a: El diario literario en España), págs. 5-16.

Referencias

Diaristas de España
Escritores de España del siglo XXI
Críticos literarios de España del siglo XXI
Escritores en español del siglo XXI
Autobiógrafos de España
Premio Tigre Juan

Iñaki Uriarte


Zbornik zakona i naredaba NDH je bio zbornik NDH.

Zakonskom odredbom od 27. travnja 1941. godine određeno je da ga izdaje zakonodavno povjereništvo pri Poglavniku, čija je obveza bila sprovođenje ove odredbe. Određeno je da se u nj uvrštavaju svi zakoni i naredbe, koji su proglašeni u Narodnim novinama, da ga besplatno dobivaju svi državni i samoupravni uredi i ti su primjerci bili oprošteni od svake poštanske pristojbe.

Za tiskanje Zbornika bila je ovlaštena Hrvatska Državna Tiskara.

Provedbenom naredbom od 27. ravnja 1941. Izlazio je povremeno bez određenog dana i s obujmom prema potrebi. Uređivanje lista vršilo se se u zakonodavnom povjereništvu, u kojem postoji uredništvo, koje obavlja sve poslove oko izdavanja zbornika. Uredništvo sastojalo se od dvaju urednika, koje imenuje predsjednik zakonodavnog povjereništva i koji im određuje nagradu. Oni su određivlai u koliko će se primjeraka tiskati zbornik. državni i samoupravni uredi dobivali su zbornik besplatno, dok su ostali subjekti plaćali.

Izvori

NDH

Zbornik zakona i naredaba NDH


Macarena Márquez Jurado (Madrid, 1960) es una escritora, pintora e historiadora del arte española, que fue biógrafa de la reina Bárbara de Braganza.

Biografía
Licenciada en Geografía e Historia y Especialista en Historia del Arte por la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, estudió Biblioteconomía, Documentación, Diseño Gráfico y Editorial y Escritura Creativa por La Escuela de Escritores. Simultaneó su formación universitaria con la artística en el Estudio de pintura Gutiérrez-Navas de Madrid. En esa línea, ha realizado numerosas exposiciones, alternando su trabajo en una editorial de revistas de difusión nacional (G+J España, Cosmopolitan, Mía, Muy Interesante, Marie Claire, Ser Padres, Geo) con la actividad pictórica y literaria.

Actualmente está afincada en la ciudad de Valladolid, donde imparte clases de dibujo y pintura, es miembro de la Asociación de Escritores y Artistas españoles y colaboradora de Radio y Televisión. Autora de la novela Treinta y siete minutos en el atasco, obra que tiene como paisaje de fondo el incendio de la emblemática discoteca Alcalá 20 de Madrid, situada en los bajos del Teatro Alcázar y de la biografía histórica de la reina Bárbara de Braganza, en la que se rinde tributo a una reina española que fue alumna de Domenico Scarlatti

Actividad como escritora

Novelas
 Treinta y siete minutos en el atasco - Novela es la primera obra de Macarena Márquez, publicada en el año 2009.

 La Cuestión 106 (2012)
La irresistible atracción que los rostros de un cuadro del pintor español Diego Velázquez:Tentación de Santo Tomás de Aquino, ejercen sobre Julia Conde, conductora de uno de los programas radiofónicos de mayor audiencia del país, acaban arrastrándola hacia un profundo estudio del lienzo. En la base de su fascinación anidan los secretos de un enigma, cuyo desciframiento desvelará una compleja red de relaciones humanas entre quienes creen ser meros compañeros de trabajo, cinco personas que trabajan en unos famosos grandes almacenes y que, a su vez, viven en un edificio del centro de la ciudad.

 Con dos Rombos (2013)
Narra la historia de un Divorcio tan insólito como posible, que para ser descifrado y asumido requiere ser reescrito en todas sus etapas.  Con ojo crítico, rigurosidad histórica y visión humorística, ambos excónyuges harán una incursión en el tiempo desde los albores del tercer milenio hasta llegar a lo que fue la infancia de los niños nacidos a fines del Franquismo, los Baby boomer españoles. Sus protagonistas son antihéroes que madrugan, trasnochan, tienen perfil en las Redes, cambian pequeños pisos en el centro de la urbe por adosados en los confines del universo, ven la televisión, padecen atascos, hacen la compra. Son seres que trabajan, que tienen más responsabilidades que libertades, y pasan gran parte del día ante pantallas de ordenador. Todos tienen decenas de hermanos, cientos de primos y muy pocos hijos. Son seres que se casan, que se cansan y se divorcian, que recuerdan y tienen jefe. Hijos de la Explosión de natalidad de los años sesenta, merendaron pan con chocolate y se fueron a la cama con la Familia Telerín; madres y padres del baby crash, inauguraron la era Internet y hoy se relacionan a través de redes.

Biografías
 Bárbara de Braganza - Biografía histórica (2011)
Bárbara de Braganza (Lisboa,1711-Aranjuez,1758), reina consorte española casada con Fernando VI de Borbón. En el presente libro se afronta la incursión en la vida y obra de una reina inteligente y políglota, hablaba latín, español, francés, portugués, italiano y alemán. Acorde con las corrientes de la Ilustración, instauró en el Palacio de Aranjuez una corte de boato y entretenimiento. Fue inmortalizada en un lienzo de calado sicológico sin precedentes que se custodia en el Museo del Prado: La familia de Felipe V (Van Loo). En lo político, llegó a filtrar con talento lo que el rey tenía que saber y lo que se le tenía que ocultar para no entorpecer su frágil equilibrio síquico. Pero la gran pasión de esta reina fue la música. De alumna del gran Domenico Scarlatti, al que llegó a igualar tañendo el clave, se convirtió en su mecenas, siendo la inspiradora de las más de quinientas cincuenta Sonatas que compuso.

Colaboraciones y relatos
 Belén sin vatios La navidad también cuenta (2010)
 La ensalada de Violeta Grosselina Ensaladas Templadas y firmadas (2010)
 El mejor skyline de Castilla y León (2011)
 Lo que Cervantes me contó de su casa de Valladolid (2012)
Lo que Cervantes me contó de su casa de Valladolid es un relato de ficción en el que Carlos Luna, joven adolescente que vive junto a la casa en donde residió Miguel de Cervantes durante su estancia en la ciudad de Valladolid, habla con su ilustre vecino. El mismo Cervantes, le cuenta que él no ha muerto, que vive en sus libros. Por eso, cada vez que Carlos abre El Quijote, tiene un encuentro con él. Poco a poco, Cervantes le irá conquistando, hasta explicarle de forma clara y amena las peripecias por las que pasó en lo que hoy es la Casa de Cervantes (Valladolid).

Actividad como pintora

Trayectoria pictórica
Formada en el Estudio Gutiérrez Navas de Madrid, de la mano de Concha María Gutiérrez Navas, utiliza el punto de vista múltiple de la Escuela Fauve de pintores y el Fovismo. Pinta con palabras y escribe con imágenes, siempre con impactos repletos de cosas: colores, materia, emociones y frases. En sus cuadros se ponen de manifiesto dos extremos de un mismo ciclón. Por arriba, las imágenes llegan allá donde las palabras se quedan cortas. Por abajo, las palabras precisan aquello que un pincel no podría definir. Todo ello contribuye a un tipo de pintura literaria, y en lo literario, a un tipo de literatura de imágenes. Todo abunda en lo mismo: crear universo, detener ciertos instantes, nadar en ilusiones ópticas.
La línea que separa su obra escrita de la pictórica es apenas imperceptible. Expresa el universo con diferentes discursos. Fiel reflejo de esa escasa diferencia entre el plano pictórico y el literario es la muestra: Visto para lectura (Madrid, 2001) en donde la visión plástica fue definida por textos de autores como James Joyce, Marcel Proust o Séneca. En la muestra: El color (Madrid 2002), se valió de la obra de Kandinsky y su teoría acerca de los colores para definir la potencia de las imágenes, que transmiten todo aquello a donde es imposible llegar con palabras. La visión siempre es energética, nadando entre lo fauve y lo expresionista, el dibujo lo reportan los planos de color y no la línea. Las imágenes rebosan optimismo, el deseo de la felicidad, la alegría que reporta una luz que siempre es de verano.
En la actualidad desarrolla su obra tomando como base la Acuarela, técnica que le permite un tipo de pintura rápida y cargada de creatividad, en donde puede expresar un amplio universo tocando los postulados de movimientos pictóricos tan diversos como el Fovismo, el Impresionismo, el Expresionismo, e incluso el Cubismo. Acuarelista manifiesta, es creadora de un método propio de enseñanza de esta técnica píctorica.

Obra Pictórica
 Tulipanes (Biblioteca Ayuntamiento de Alpedrete, Madrid 2002)
 Margarita, estate quieta con la falda (El Zaguán, Madrid 2005)
 La Dolce Vita ( 100 mujeres por la Igualdad, Valladolid 2009)
 Sin sonido (Fundación Andrés Coello, Valladolid 2010)
 Búscame aquí, al atardecer (Granada, septiembre de 2010)
 ''De aquí no me muevo (Fundación Andrés Coello, Valladolid 2010)

Referencias

 http://www.publico.es/agencias/efe/244229/macarena-marquez-se-muestra-abrumada-por-el-exito-de-su-novela-sobre-alcala-20
 http://www.diariodesevilla.es/article/sevilla/567028/vueltas/con/la/intrahistoria/literaria.html
 http://www.ucm.es/pags.php?tp=Revista%20de%20prensa&a=directorio&d=0002564-2010-01-19.php
 http://www.ucm.es/cont/descargas/prensa/prensa22558.pdf
 http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/468950/0/valladolid/macarena/alcala20/
 http://www.lecturalia.com/libro/62189/barbara-de-braganza
 http://www.biografias.es/famosos/macarena-marquez.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110906063119/http://www.ferialibrovalladolid.es/noticia.php?id=171
 http://www.elnortedecastilla.es/20100928/local/valladolid/escritora-macarena-marquez-taller-201009281750.html
 http://www.elnortedecastilla.es/20100928/local/valladolid/escritora-macarena-marquez-taller-201009281750.html
 http://unavocepocofa915.blogspot.com/2011/05/la-vida-de-barbara-de-braganza-la-reina.html
 http://www.fundacionlengua.com/es/fle-acude-presentacion-libro-macarena-marquez-barbara-braganza/art/3473/
 http://salondeltrono.blogspot.com/2011/06/nuevo-libro-sobre-la-reina-dona-barbara.html
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110612115454/http://www.cope.es/cultura/10-06-11--claudio-abbado-premio-don-juan-de-borbon-de-la-musica-2010-246951-1
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090701064947/http://www.diariodelasierra.es/2009/06/25/la-novela-37-minutos-en-el-atasco-recuerda-la-tragedia-de-alcala-20-en-el-25%C2%BA-aniversario-del-suceso/
 http://www.fundacionlengua.com/radiofle/es/macarena-marquez-nos-presenta-libro-barbara-braganza/art/3478/
 http://www.fundacionlengua.com/en/macarena-marquez-nos-presenta-la-biografia-de-barbara-de-braganza/art/3461/
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110705004847/http://musicologiafeminista.ning.com/profiles/blogs/vida-de-barbara-de-braganza-y

 http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/840611/0/
 http://www.europapress.es/castilla-y-leon/noticia-pintora-macarena-marquez-expondra-sala-fundacion-andres-coello-valladolid-manana-20101015160624.html
 http://restaurante-elzaguan.blogspot.com/2006/07/arte-y-gastronoma-en-la-sierra-de.html
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UK2jRxIcTDs
 http://macarenamarquez.artelista.com/en/
 http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/audios/el-ojo-critico/ojo-critico-invasor-29-11-12/1595134/

Escritores de España del siglo XX
Escritores de España del siglo XXI
Escritores en español del siglo XX
Escritores en español del siglo XXI
Novelistas de España del siglo XX
Novelistas de España del siglo XXI
Pintores de España del siglo XX
Pintores de España del siglo XXI
Pintoras de España
Pintores de Madrid
Escritoras de España
Nacidos en Madrid

Macarena Márquez Jurado


An Vriesea viridis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Christian Mez ngan Karl Carl Wercklé, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Lyman Bradford Smith och Colin Stephenson Pittendrigh. An Vriesea viridis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Vriesea, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Costa Rica. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Vriesea

Vriesea viridis


المعيد أو الباحث هو باحث استخدم على أساس مؤقت من جانب واحد في كلية أو جامعة يجب أن يكون متميزا في المواد التي سيدرسها ومن الممكن ان يستمر بدراسات عليا في هذه المادة أو التخصصات ذات الصلة. في بعض الجامعات (مثل جامعة ميشيغان)، وهي المعروفة باسم طلاب الدراسات العليا معلمين. في نيوزيلندا، أستراليا، وبعض الجامعات الكنديه، وهي المعروفة باسم الأولياء. في جامعة هارفرد وهي المعروفة باسم الزملاء التدريس. تاس تشمل التعليم العالي مساعدين، وهم طلاب في مرحلة الدراسات العليا، ومساعدي التدريس الجامعي، الذين هم طلبة.

الهدف من الوظيفة
المشاركة في العملية التعليمية والبحثية للقسم.

ظروف العمل
العمل بالكلية، والقدرة على تحمل ضغوط عالية، ومخاطر مفاجئة.

مهام المعيد

المعيد له مهام كثيره جدا لكن نستخلصها بالأتي:-
1. حضور جميع الاجتماعات عندما يطلبه الأستاذ الدكتور

2. حضور المحاضرات ومشاركه الطلبة بالرأي والمشورة من غير أي تدخل بوضع الدرجات أو الأمتحانات فقط المساعدة.

3. توثيق جميع ساعات العمل، كما وهذا هو الأساس للدفع. يحيط علما سيكون هناك حد أقصى لعدد ساعات العمل في الأسبوع وفقا لواجبات.

4. إعداد وافي في أي مهمة يكلفه بها قائد وحدة، على سبيل المثال إعداد العينة للحلول.

5. يحدد كل أسبوع بأمر من الدكتور المكان والزمان للتشاور وجعل الطلاب لديهم علم بهذا الوقت والمكان.

6. يوجد له عنوان البريد الإلكتروني لإعطاءه للطلاب، والاستجابة فورا إلى البريد الإلكتروني للاستعلام.

7.. مهمة وضع علامات الطلاب—العمل هو سهل الإعداد الكافي والتخطيط.

8. تقييم إي طالب وتنميه مهاراته لتحصيل العلامات.

9. توفر علامات الطلاب في الوقت المناسب وبطريقة مهنيه، الاجتماع المواعيد النهائية التي حددتها وحده الزعيم / منسق، والتأكد من انها تحتفظ إلكترونية ونسخ مطبوعة من هذه العلامات. احالة العلامات يجب أن تكتمل في غضون أسبوعين من نهاية الفصول الدراسية.

10. ان تكون سباقة في الحصول على المشورة والتوجيه في إعداد البرنامج التعليمي من قائد الوحدة. إذا ما هي القضايا التي تواجهها في ما يخص هذا (مثلا إذا كانت وحدة زعيم نادرا ما يستجيب لرسائل (المعلم ومعيد منسق يجب أن يكون الاتصال من اجل حلها.

11. يبلغ بان الطلاب أو أي طالب غير قادرين على اكمال العمل في تخصص معين في الاسبوع بسبب المرض، والحوادث، الخ &. وينبغي ان يتم ذلك في اقرب وقت ممكن بحيث أخرى يمكن اتخاذ الترتيبات اللازمة.

12. يكون همزه وصل بين الدكتور والطلاب

هذه جميعها مهام المعيد وهي ماخوذه من تجارب بعض الدول الاوروبيه العريقة.

والتي تميز المعيد بجده ورغبته وليست بتحصيله الدراسي الكامل الذ لايعكس نظره شامله.

لان المعيد كما المدرس يجب أن تكون عنده قوه الشخصية وأسلوب التعليم الجيد الذي يمارسه

كما يجب إن تكون درجاته عاليه في المواد التي سوف يساعد في تدريسها وتكون لديه أكثر من توصيه لبعض من أساتذته وهي عباره عن اشعار أو تأكيد له على القيام بالعمل الأكاديمي

وأيضا يجب أن تكون لديه القدرة على اكمال الماجستير في تخصصه العام

مراجع

إدارات أكاديمية
مهن العلم
وظائف تعليمية وتدريبية

معيد


An Galeandra huebneri in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Galeandra huebneri in nahilalakip ha genus nga Galeandra, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Galeandra

Galeandra huebneri


Pewsey is a large village and civil parish at the centre of the Vale of Pewsey in Wiltshire, about  south of Marlborough and  west of London. It is within reach of the M4 motorway and the A303 and is served by Pewsey railway station on the Reading to Taunton line.

The parish includes these small settlements:
 Kepnal – east of the village, south of the Burbage road
 Pewsey Wharf – north, where the A345 crosses the Kennet and Avon canal
 Sharcott – west, by the Avon; marked on some maps as East Sharcott as distinct from West Sharcott, a short distance downstream in Manningford parish
 Southcott – close to the southeast of the village.

History
Archaeological excavations on Pewsey Hill show evidence of a settlement in the 6th century. In the Tudor era, the Manor of Pewsey belonged to the Duchess of Somerset. Several of the village's houses were built in this era: the timber framed cruck house at Ball Corner, Bridge Cottage on the Avon and the Court House by the Church.

In 1764, the founder of the Methodist movement John Wesley (1703–1791) preached at Pewsey's Church of England parish church. The rector at that time, Joseph Townsend, was responsible for the building of Pewsey's first bridge over the River Avon.

The Kennet and Avon Canal reached Pewsey in 1810. Of more lasting effect for the village was the completion of the Hungerford to Devizes section of the GWR's Berks & Hants line in 1862, which allowed fast travel to London and to the West Country. Since 1906, the line at Pewsey has been part of the Reading to Taunton line, a more direct route via Westbury to the West Country.

In 1898 Pewsey Carnival was first held, a tradition that flourishes today with a fortnight of events, including The Feaste, culminating in an illuminated procession in mid to late September.

A prominent statue of King Alfred the Great, the former Anglo Saxon King of Wessex and a local landowner, stands in the middle of the village.

Pewsey White Horse

The Pewsey White Horse hill figure is located on a steep slope of Pewsey Hill about  south of the village, and can be viewed from several places in the surrounding area. It was cut in 1937 and is one of the smaller Wiltshire white horses. It replaces an earlier one which was possibly cut in 1785.

Governance
An electoral ward in the same name exists. The ward starts in the west at Pewsey and stretches east to Easton Royal. The total population of the ward at the 2011 census was 4,649.

Education
Pewsey Vale School is a state secondary school, without a sixth form.

Pewsey has a state Primary Academy, Pewsey Primary School which is linked to Pewsey vale secondary school. It appeared in the 100 Most Improved Schools table for its 2013 results and its 2014 results put it in the top 100 schools nationally. An Ofsted inspection in 2012 rated the school as 'good' and this was confirmed by a short inspection in 2017.

St. Francis School, an independent preparatory school, is just outside the village.

Churches

Parish church

The parish church of St John the Baptist stands next to the main road in the south of the village and is built in flint and sarsen with limestone dressings.

A church at Pewsey was recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086. The present building has work from the late 12th or early 13th centuries in the four-bay arcades, on foundations of large sarsens; Pevsner suggests the arches were cut through the walls of an earlier building. The plain font bowl is also from the 12th century. The chancel was rebuilt in the late 13th or early 14th century, the clerestory added in the late 14th or early 15th century, and the ashlar west tower added in the 16th century.

In 1861 G.E. Street largely rebuilt the chancel and added the south chapel, reusing early windows from the chancel, and restoration in 1889-90 by C.E. Ponting included the addition of the north porch.

The tower has six bells, the oldest cast in 1620 by Purdue of Salisbury; two others from the 18th century are by Rudhall of Gloucester. On the outside of the tower's east wall hangs a sanctus bell cast by James Burrough of Devizes in 1754.

The church was recorded as Grade I listed in 1964. Today the church is central to the Vale of Pewsey Team, which includes many rural parishes around Pewsey.

Others

A Methodist chapel was built in 1873 and became a church in 1932.

The Roman Catholic Church of the Holy Family was built in 1964.

Amenities

Pewsey has a post office, a petrol station, and a Co-op supermarket. The village has one restaurant/wine bar and five pubs (the Royal Oak, the Crown Inn, the Moonrakers, the Coopers Arms, and The Shed Alehouse micropub). At Pewsey Wharf, north of the village, is the Waterfront bar and bistro.

Pewsey Sports Centre, run by Wiltshire Council, is next to Pewsey Vale School. Its facilities include a 25m heated indoor swimming pool, squash courts and a large multi-sport hall.

Pewsey Heritage Centre is a museum run by the local history society, housed in Avonside Works, a former foundry building used by the agricultural engineering firm of Whatley & Hiscock. The company's collection of historic farm machinery forms the core of the museum's collection.

Jones's Mill is a wetland nature reserve by the Avon. Pewsey is connected to London Paddington via its railway station, a short walk from the village centre.

Notable residents
 Richard Hardinge (c.1593 – 1658), Groom of the Chamber to the then Prince of Wales, later King Charles II
 Stephen Duck (c.1705 in Charlton, Pewsey Vale – 1756), poet
 Joseph Gilbert (1800 in Puckshipton – 1881), pastoralist and winemaker from Pewsey Vale in South Australia from 1839
 Francis Carter (1851–1935), Anglican priest who served in Cornwall, Kent, East Anglia and South Africa
 Harold Sheppard (1889–1978), cricketer
 Major General Peter George Francis Young (1912–1976), senior British Army officer, General Officer Commanding Cyprus District from 1962 to 1964
 Elinor Goodman (born 1946), journalist, political editor of Channel 4 News from 1988 to 2005
 Moose Harris (born 1967 in Devizes), bass guitarist
 Tara Shears (born 1969), Professor of Physics at the University of Liverpool
 Ian Walker (born 1971), former goalkeeper for the England national football team and Tottenham Hotspur F.C.
 Shelley Rudman (born 1981), winner of the silver medal in the skeleton bob, Britain's only medal at the 2006 Winter Olympics

Sport and leisure
Pewsey has two rugby teams and a junior club. For the 2017–18 season, Pewsey Vale 1st XV plays in the SSE South West Division, Dorset & Wilts 1 North League. PVRFC have a joint second team called Alfred's Nomads, shared with Marlborough RFC; they play in Dorset and Wilts 3 North.

Pewsey has a Non-League football team Pewsey Vale F.C. who play at The Recreation Ground. In July 2014 Pewsey Vale Youth FC was awarded 'FA Chartered Standard' Club of the year by the Wiltshire Football Association.

Wiltshire Council run Pewsey Leisure Centre which is next to Pewsey Vale School. Its amenities include a 25m heated indoor swimming pool (used for swimming, float play, kayaking and snorkelling), squash courts and a multi-sport hall (used for badminton, indoor cricket/football/rugby, basketball, volleyball, circuit training, archery and martial arts (judo, taekwondo and kung fu)).

Pewsey has a running club. A Bowls Club is next to the Tennis club. A swimming pool and gym offer a range of courses including spinning and aqua-aerobics.

Pewsey Music Festival, established in 2007, is a celebration of live music held each August in Cooper's Field, behind the Cooper's Arms pub.

References

External links

 Pewsey Parish Council
 Pewsey village

 Historic Pewsey Photos at BBC Wiltshire
 Day Out: The Vale of Pewsey – a 30-minute BBC TV programme made in 1984 of a day spent exploring Pewsey Vale

Pewsey Heritage Centre

Villages in Wiltshire
Civil parishes in Wiltshire

Pewsey


An Odontochilus clarkei in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Joseph Dalton Hooker. An Odontochilus clarkei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Odontochilus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Odontochilus

Odontochilus clarkei


Manfred Rommel (født 24. december 1928 i Stuttgart, død 7. november 2013) var søn af generalfeltmarskal Erwin Rommel og hustru Lucie.

Manfred Rommel var politiker for CDU og overborgmester i Stuttgart fra 1974 til 1996, da han trak sig tilbage grundet en begyndende Parkinsons sygdom. Det forhindrede ham dog ikke i at få skrevet sine erindringer (udgivet 1998) og en række bøger om politik, økonomi og tyske forhold.

Manfred Rommel var kendt for sit venskab med den amerikanske general George Patton jr., søn af hans fars arge modstander, general George Patton senior.

Eksterne henvisninger

Noter

Politikere fra Tyskland

Manfred Rommel