August Johann von Hugo (* 11. September 1686 in Stolzenau; † 8. April 1760 in Hannover) war ein deutscher Mediziner. Er war Königlich-Großbritannischer und Kurfürstlich Braunschweig-Lüneburgischer Leibarzt in Hannover.

Leben
Die einschlägigen Quellen der medizinischen Biografik schweigen weitgehend über von Hugo. Er wurde als Sohn des Amtmanns, späteren Oberamtmanns von Stolzenau Conrad von Hugo (1636–1710) und der Margarethe Emerentia Conerding (1661–1737) geboren. Am 22. April 1706 immatrikulierte er sich an der Universität Helmstedt und ließ sich als Arzt in Hannover nieder, bevor er 1715 dort Hofmedikus wurde. Am 5. Dezember 1715 heiratete er in Hannover seine Kusine Marie Elisabeth Conerding (1700–1763), die Tochter des Arztes Brandan August Conerding, eines Bruders seiner Mutter, und erwarb am 16. Juni 1725 in dieser Stadt das Bürgerrecht. 1737 erfolgte die Ernennung zum Königlich-Großbritannischen und Kurfürstlich Braunschweig-Lüneburgischen Leibarzt, 1740 die zum Hofrat.

Daniel Eberhard Baring erwähnt ihn als einen, "welcher die schönen Wissenschaften mit der Medicin verknüpffet", und teilt mit, dass sich in seiner Sammlung die Fossilienplatte befand, die der Stuttgarter Hofprediger Eberhard Friedrich Hiemer (1682–1727) erstmals 1724 als "Schwäbisches Medusenhaupt" beschrieb. Heute ist bekannt, dass es sich bei den Fossilien um Seelilien handelt. Die Platte gelangte über die Sammlung von Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840) in die Sammlung der Universität Göttingen, wo sie heute in der Dauerausstellung des Geowissenschaftlichen Zentrums ausgestellt wird. Auch sein umfangreiches Herbarium ist in den Sammlungen der Universität erhalten.

1717 wurde Hugo zum Mitglied der Royal Society gewählt.

August Johann von Hugo darf nicht verwechselt werden mit August Ludwig von Hugo, der 1746 in Göttingen "de glandulis in genere, et in specie de thymo" zum Dr. med. promovierte, von Albrecht von Haller als Schüler und Freund ("noster olim nobilis discipuli & amici") bezeichnet, aber trotzdem mit jenem verwechselt wurde.

Literatur
 Herbert Mundhenke, Die Matrikel der Universität Helmstedt 1685–1810, Hildesheim 1979, S. 77.
 Thomas Schnalke, Medizin im Brief, Stuttgart 1997, S. 111, Anm. 242.
 Daniel Eberhard Baring, Descriptio Salae principatus Calenbergici locorumque adiacentium Oder Beschreibung der Saala im Amt Lauenstein des Braunschweig-Lüneb. Fürstenthums Calenberg, Lemgo 1744, S. 209–210.
 Joachim Reiter, Mike Reich, Gabriele Schmidt (Hrsg.), Geobiologie. 74. Jahrestagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft, Göttingen, 2.–8. Oktober 2004, S. 190–191.
 Albrecht von Haller, Bibliotheca Anatomica, Bd. 2, Zürich 1777, S. 408.

Weblinks
 Stammbaum von Hugos auf einer privaten Genealogie-Seite

Einzelnachweise

Mediziner (18. Jahrhundert)
Mitglied der Royal Society
Deutscher
Geboren 1686
Gestorben 1760
Mann
Botaniker (18. Jahrhundert)

August Johann von Hugo


أقاليم ما وراء البحار  تسمية أتت من دستور 1946 في الجمهورية الفرنسية الرابعة، وشملت مستعمرات فرنسية كالجزائر في شمال أفريقيا (نالت الاستقلال في 1962)، غواديلوب والمارتينيك في البحر الكاريبي، غويانا الفرنسية في أمريكا الجنوبية، ريونيون و مايوت في المحيط الهندي. هذه المقاطعات تتمتع بنفس الحقوق وذلك وفقا للدستور المذكور الذي تتمتع به أقاليم فرنسا الأم وتعتبر جزأ لا يتجزأ من فرنسا والاتحاد الأوروبي. ولديهم ممثلون في الجمعية الوطنية الفرنسية ومجلس الشيوخ الفرنسي ومجلس الشؤون الاقتصادية والاجتماعية الفرنسي. كما يتم انتخاب عضو يمثلهم في البرلمان الأوروبي. إضافة إلى استخدام اليورو كعملة للأقاليم.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 وزارة مقاطعات وأقاليم ما وراء البحار

أقاليم فرنسا
مقاطعات عبر البحار

أقاليم ما وراء البحار


Dirk Pitt, Amerikalı romancı Clive Cussler tarafından yaratılan ve 1976'dan beri yayınlanan bir roman serisinde yer alan kurgusal bir karakterdir. Pitt, Vietnam'da pilot olarak görev yaptıktan sonra Binbaşı rütbesiyle Birleşik Devletler Hava Kuvvetleri'nden ödünç alınan bir Birleşik Devletler vatandaşıdır. Pitt'in hakim bir duruşu, hızlı bir zekası ve hatırı sayılır bir klasik araba koleksiyonu var.

Biyografi ve kariyer
Ünlü maceracı Dirk Eric Pitt, California Senatörü George Pitt'in oğludur. Dirk, Birleşik Devletler Hava Kuvvetleri Akademisi'nden mezun oldu ve Vietnam Savaşı sırasında Birleşik Devletler Hava Kuvvetleri'nde pilot olarak görev yaptı. Dirk, hem sabit kanatlı hem de döner hava taşıtlarını uçurabilecek yetkinliğe sahip başarılı bir pilottur. Pitt, hizmeti boyunca iki küme, bir Gümüş Yıldız, bir Mor Kalp ve diğer birçok övgü ile Seçkin Uçan Haç ile ödüllendirildi.

Dirk Pitt, Amiral James Sandecker'in uçağını düşürdüğü için böyle bir övgü almıştır. Uçak, Amiral ve personelini Da Nang'ın kuzeyindeki uzak bir üsse taşıyordu. Bilmedikleri ise, üssün Kuzey Vietnamlılar tarafından istila edilmesi ve telsiz arızaları yüzden bir uyarı alamamalarındandır. Pitt, bir bombalama görevinden üssüne dönerken yakınlarda uçarken mevcut olan her şekilde amiralin yolunu kesmesi ve uyarması emredildi. Amiral'in uçağıyla iletişim kurma çabaları başarısız olduğunda, Pitt nakliyedeki her iki motoru da ustalıkla ateşledi ve onları ele geçirilen üsse inmek yerine denize inmeye zorladı. Dirk daha sonra onlara siper olacak şekilde uçmaya devam ettı ve herkes bir donanma devriye gemisine bindirilene kadar kıyıdan ayrılan tüm tekneleri bombaladı.

Dirk'in hizmet kaydı kitaplardan uyarlanan Raise the Titanic ve Sahara filmlerinde değiştirildi ve ABD Deniz Harp Okulu'ndan mezun olduğu şeklinde belirtildi. Her iki versiyonda da Dirk, çocukluk arkadaşı Al Giordino ile mezun oldu.

Hizmetten ayrıldıktan sonra Dirk, Amiral James Sandecker başkanlığındaki bir oşinografik araştırma kuruluşu olan Ulusal Sualtı ve Denizcilik Ajansı (NUMA) için deniz mühendisi olarak çalışmaya başladı. NUMA'daki kariyerinde Dirk, sayısız gemi enkazı keşfi yaptı ve küresel felakete veya dünya hakimiyetine niyetli kötülerin sayısız planını engelledi.

Son romanlarda Dirk, selefinin görevdeki ani ölümünden sonra Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Başkan Yardımcısı olarak atanan Amiral Sandecker'in yerini alarak NUMA'nın başına geçti. Terfi etmesine rağmen, Pitt bir masa işinden rahatsızdır ve hala sahada sayısız projeye başkanlık eder ve terfisinden önceki gibi kolayca kötü planlara bulaşır.

Kişisel özellikler
Dirk yaklaşık 190 boyunda, sarp görünümlü, koyu dalgalı saçlı ve dağınık bir yapıya sahiptir. Cussler, Dirk'in gerektiğinde hem çekici hem de ürkütücü olabilen "opalin yeşil gözleri"ne sıklıkla atıfta bulunur. Pitt, hızlı ve kurnaz bir zeka ile birleştiğinde, genellikle düşmanlarını ve üstlerini çileden çıkaran, komuta eden bir varlığa sahiptir. Al ile komik şakalaşmaları, özellikle stresli durumlarda yaygındır ve okuyucuya her ikisinin de yeteneklerine güvendikleri konusunda çok az şüphe bırakır.

Seçtiği silah, babasından aldığı .45 kalibrelik Colt M1911 yarı otomatik tabancadır. Tercih ettiği içecek mavi agav Tekila'dır . Dirk, kaliteli tekilanın doğrudan tuz ve kireçle içilmesi gerektiğine inanır ve margaritalarda daha ucuz tekila kullanmayı tercih eder. Turuncu ekranlı bir Doxa dalış saati takar.

Klasik araba koleksiyonu
Dirk Pitt seyahat etmediği zamanlarda, Washington DC yakınlarındaki Washington Ulusal Havaalanı'nın arazisinde, yenilenmiş ve yenilenmiş bir hangarda yaşar. Hangar, klasik ve antika arabalardan oluşan önemli koleksiyonunun yanı sıra bir Messerschmitt Me 262 uçağa, bir Ford üç motorlu uçağa, bir Pullman demiryolu yemek vagonu ve bir totem direğine ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Hangar ayrıca, bir ucuna sabitlenmiş bir motor bulunan dökme demir küvet gibi önceki maceralardan toplanan öğeleri içerir ve son teknoloji bir güvenlik sistemi ile korunur. Pitt, maceraları boyunca çeşitli düşmanlardan çaldığı klasik arabaları zaman zaman koleksiyonuna ekler. Karakter, arabalara olan yakınlığını yaratıcısı yazar Clive Cussler ile paylaşıyor. Pitt, adını yazarın oğlu ve 2004'ten sonraki kitaplarda ortak yazar olarak dahil olan Dirk Cussler'dan almaktadır.

Gönül ilişkileri ve ailesi
Dirk'in hayatında üç önemli kadın olmuştur: Summer Moran, Maeve Fletcher ve Loren Smith.

Summer Moran, ikiz çocukları Dirk Pitt Jr. ve Summer Pitt'in annesidir. Genellikle Pitt'in ilk gerçek aşkı olarak tanımlanır. Pitt, Dengesiz bilim adamı Frederick Moran'ın kızının, babasını kurtarma girişimi sırasında su altı mağarası çökmesinden sonra kaybolduğunda öldüğüne inanıyordu. 23 yaşındaki Dirk Pitt Jr. tarafından Valhalla Rising romanının son bölümlerinde bir araya geldiklerinde ortaya çıktığı üzere, Summer aslında hayatta kalmıştı, ancak olayda kötü bir şekilde sakatlanmasından ve Pitt'in onu tanıdığı gibi hatırlamasını istediğinden onu aramayı reddetmişti. Kısa bir süre sonra ikizleri doğurdu ve ebeveynlerinin adını vererek onları büyüttü.

Dirk, Şok Dalgası'nda Maeve Fletcher ile tanışır. Summer gibi o da dengesiz ve acımasız bir kötü adamın kızıydı. Ancak, ailesinin işlerinde yer almayı veya babası kötü adam Arthur Dorsett ile herhangi bir rol oynamayı red eder. Maeve, Pitt ile tanıştığında Antarktika'da bir gemide tur rehberi olarak çalışan iki çocuk annesiydi. Zooloji alanında yüksek lisans yapmıştı. Maeve ve Dirk birbirlerine aşık oldular, ancak ne yazık ki Maeve ölümcül şekilde yaralandı ve Pitt'in kollarında öldü.

Pitt'in Havana Fırtınası kitabından önce evlendiği Kongre Üyesi Loren Smith ile uzun süreli bir ilişkisi vardır.

Dirk Pitt'in Arabaları

 Mavi Vurgun- 1936 model Maybach Zeppelin Town car
 Buzdağı - (araba değil, ancak Pitt, Ford Trimotor uçağı)
 Lanetli Gemi - 1987 model, Rover SD1 ya da Rover 800 olduğu düşünülen bir Rover, Titanik'ten kurtarılan bir Renault. (ayrıca araba değil, ancak bir Stutz Bearcat Speedster)
 Enkaz - 1912 model Renault landaulette
 Gece Sondası! - AC Cobra ve Jensen (ayrıca bir Pullman yemek vagonu)
 Girdap - AC Kobra
 Kör Dalış - Talbot-Lago
 Şeytan Denizi - Daimler DE36, 1957 model Chevrolet (ayrıca bir ucuna sabitlenmiş bir motor bulunan dökme demir bir küvet)
 Hazine - Kordon L-29
 Kıskaç - 1932 model Stutz ve Messerschmitt Me 262
 Sahra'da Ayak Sesleri - 1936 model Avions Voisin
 İnka Altını - 1936 model Pierce-Arrow Travelodge
 Şok Dalgası - J2X Allard (aynı zamanda bir totem direği ve Marvelous Maeve, bir tekne)
 Kükreyen Deniz - 1929 model J Duesenberg
 Atlantis Bulundu - 1936 model Ford Hot Rod
 Valhalla'nın Yükselişi - 1938 model Packard Towncar
 Truva Hazinesi - Marmon V-16
 Kara Fırtına - 1958 model Chrysler 300-D Cabrio
 Cengiz Han'ın Hazinesi - 1921 model Rolls-Royce Gümüş Hayalet
 Kutup Yolculuğu - 1932 model Kumral V-12
 Hilal Şafak - 1948 model Model 135 Delahaye
 Kayıp Plan - 1930 model Packard 734 Speedster Runabout

Roman ve filmlerin listesi

Dirk Pitt roman serisi

Serinin ilk 22 kitabı Altın Kitaplar tarafından Türkçeye çevrilmiştir.

Roman notları
Girdap 1983 yılında piyasaya sürülmesine rağmen, aslında kronolojik olarak ilk Dirk Pitt romanı. Romandaki olaylar Mavi Vurgun'dan önce olur. Aslında, Girdap'taki birkaç olay Mavi Vurgun'da da yer almaktadır.

Bir Dirk Pitt referans kitabı da vardır:

 Dirk Pitt ve Clive Cussler Revealed (1998) - Craig Dirgo ile birlikte yazıldı, kitapların fotoğrafları ve bir özetinin yanı sıra yıllar boyunca romanlarda yer alan arabalar, karakterler, kötü adamlar ve kadınların bir özetini içeriyor. Ayrıca, Cussler ile bir biyografi ve röportaj ile Pitt'in hangarında bir partiye giren bir karakterin bakış açısıyla yazılmış, o zamana kadar romanlarda baskın olan tüm karakterlerle tanışan kısa bir "The Reunion" hikâyesi var. Hikâye boyunca atılan ipuçları, bu isimsiz karakterin Cussler'ın kendisi olduğunu gösteriyor.

Film notları
Pitt, 1980'de Raise the Titanic ve 2005'te Sahara film uyarlamalarında iki kez beyaz perdede yer aldı. İlkinde Richard Jordan tarafından, ikincisinde ise Matthew McConaughey tarafından canlandırıldı.

10 Mart 2009'da Yargıç John P. Shook, Clive Cussler'ın Sahara adlı romanını sinemaya çeviren yapım şirketine 13.9 milyon dolarlık yasal ücret ödemesini emretti. Yargıç Shook kararında, iki taraf arasındaki orijinal bir sözleşmeye dayanarak, herhangi bir taraf ihlal ederse yasal ücret ödenmesini gerektirdiğini kabul etti. Shook, "Sorun, talep edilen ücretlerin makul ve gerekli olup olmadığıyla ilgili" dedi. Makul oldukları sonucuna vardı. Cussler, 2004'te Crusader'a, şirketin kendisine filmin senaryosu üzerinde onay hakları veren bir sözleşmeden döndüğünü iddia ederek dava açtı. Aslında, bir yönetmen işe alınana kadar bu haklara sahipti. Milyarder Philip Anschutz'un sahibi olduğu Crusader, Cussler'ı kitabını aşırı satılan romanlardan uyarlanan bir filme uyarlamakla suçlayarak karşı dava açtı. Jüri, Mayıs 2007'de yapım şirketi lehinde karar verdi. 27 Temmuz 2009'da Cussler, Crusader'a, haksızlığa uğrayan yapım şirketine toplam 20 milyon dolarlık geri ödeme yapan son bir çek yayınladı. Kaliforniya Temyiz Mahkemesi'nin Mart 2010'da verdiği bir karar, o zamandan beri Crusader'a hem 5 milyon dolarlık tazminat hem de yaklaşık 14 milyon dolarlık yasal ücret ödenmesini bozdu.

Eleştirel çalışmalar
Cussler'ın Dirk Pitt maceraları, Steven Philip Jones'un "The Clive Cussler Adventures: A Critical Review" kitabının odak noktasıdır.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Yazar Clive Cussler'ın Resmi Web Sitesi
 Clive Cussler tarafından kurulan Real Life NUMA kar amacı gütmeyen kuruluş
 Clive Cussler Collector's Society  - Clive Cussler'ın çalışmalarına adanmış bir organizasyon.

Amerikan macera romanları
Macera filmi karakterleri
Karakterlere göre romanlar
Vietnam Savaşı gazisi kurgusal karakterler
Kurgusal arkeologlar
İncelenmemiş çeviri içeren sayfalar
Kurgusal Amerikalılar
Kurgusal erkek karakterler

Dirk Pitt


Lyu Haotian (Pequim, 29 de novembro de 1997) é um jogador profissional chinês de snooker.

Carreira
Em 2012, aos 14 anos, ele se tornou o mais jovem vencedor do Campeonato Mundial Sub-21, derrotando Zhu Yinghui por 9–6 na final. Lyu competiu como wild card ["curinga"] no Campeonato Internacional (International Championship) em Chengdu em 2012 e venceu Dominic Dale e Michael White para chegar às quartas de final onde perdeu para Neil Robertson.

O prodígio Lyu, considerado com potencial para seguir os passos do chinês Ding Junhui e conquistar títulos importantes, fez sua temporada de estreia no circuito principal em 2013–14 e deu sinais de um futuro brilhante. Ele alcançou as oitavas de final do Wuxi Classic e a final de um evento da Asian Tour. Neste último, ele venceu seis jogadores, incluindo Graeme Dott e Xiao Guodong, antes de perder por 4–0 para Liang Wenbo. Isso também o qualificou para o Players Championship, onde perdeu para Mark Williams. Fora esses, lutou por resultados e acabou abandonando a turnê profissional em 2015.

Em 2017, ele venceu o Campeonato Asiático e recuperou seu lugar no circuito profissional, onde chegou às semifianis do Open da Irlanda do Norte. No ano seguinte, ele estreou no Campeonato Mundial onde chegou às oitavas de final depois de passar pela qualificação com apenas 20 anos. Derrotou Marco Fu por 10–5 na primeira rodada antes de perder por 13–10 para Barry Hawkins. Chegou às semifinais do Campeonato da China (China Championship). Chegou a final de um evento pontuável para o ranking pela primeira vez no Aberto da Índia (Indian Open) de 2019 em Cochim. Venceu seis partidas até perder por 5–3 para Matthew Selt. Como resultado, suviu para o top 32 do mundo pela primeira vez. Em 2020, chegou às semifinais do Shoot Out, onde perdeu para o compatriota Zhou Yuelong.

Finais na carreira

Finais do ranking: 1

Finais secundárias do ranking: 1

Finais amadoras: 2 (2 títulos)

Ligações externas
 Perfil do jogador  no site da World Snooker Tour (WST)
 Perfil do jogador  no antigo site da World Snooker
 Perfil do jogador  no site da World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WBPSA)
 Perfil do jogador  no portal esportivo da Eurosport
 Perfil do jogador  no site Snooker.org
 Perfil do jogador  no site Pro Snooker Blog
 Perfil do jogador  no site Cue Tracker

Jogadores de snooker da China
Chineses do século XXI

Lyu Haotian


Bsharri ( Bšarrī; ; also Romanized Becharre, Bcharre, Bsharre, (Bcharre El Arez بشرّي الارز) is a town at an altitude between   to .  It is located in the Bsharri District of the North Governorate in Lebanon.
Bsharri is the site of the only remaining original "Cedars of God" (Cedrus libani), and is the birthplace of the famous poet, painter and sculptor Khalil Gibran. A museum in the town honours his life and work.

Bsharri is also home to Lebanon's oldest skiing area, the Cedars Ski Resort, and to the country's first ski lift, built in 1953. The resort is about a two-hour drive and 130 km (81 mi) from Beirut. Qurnat as Sawdā Mountain in Bsharri is the highest peak in the Levant, at 3,088 meters above sea level.

The nearby site of the Holy Kadisha Valley shelters some of the oldest Christian monastic communities in the Middle East. Bsharri, a center of Maronite Christianity, also has the biggest cathedral in the region, the Saint Saba Cathedral, built by Anthony II Peter Arida. Bsharri is sometimes called "the city of churches" as it is home to some 37 churches. The Kadisha Valley and Cedars of God are a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History

 Maronite Christians fleeing persecution sought refuge in its mountainous terrain in the 7th Century AD.  The Kadisha Valley, below the town, became the spiritual center of the Maronite Church. The town was known as Buissera by the Crusades.

Residents of Bsharri are known for their distinct accent when they speak Lebanese Arabic. Unlike other parts of Lebanon, Aramaic was spoken in Bsharri well into the 19th century. As a result, Bsharri natives developed an unmistakably strong accent that lasts to this day.

During the Lebanese civil war, many young men joined the Lebanese Phalanges. In 1986 Samir Geagea, a Bsharri native, became head of the Lebanese Forces (LF) militia (now a political party). Many LF militants were drawn from the town during the civil war.

Culture
Today, the town is located in a highly touristic zone including many attractions such as the Khalil Gibran Museum, the Kadisha Valley, the Kadisha Grotto, the Cedars of God forest and several ski resorts.
Bsharri is home to a Lebanese Red Cross First Aid Center, also to "The Maronite Scouts" that started their activities in early 2000.
On July 13, 2018, International Colombian singer of Lebanese heritage, Shakira, performed in Bsharri during the Cedars International Festival in the presence of 13,000 people. The visit was a part of her 2018 world tour, the El Dorado World Tour.

On March 22, 2019, The municipalities of Bsharri, Lebanon, and Val d'Isère, France inked an agreement to promote cultural exchange between the two towns. The cultural exchange program aims to build bridges for French and Lebanese youth that want to experience the unique cultural relationship and similarities the two countries possess. The mayor of Val d'Isère, Marc Bauer, led a French delegation to Lebanon to inaugurate a program aimed at promoting cultural and athletic exchange between the two famous ski locations.

Andrea Bocelli performed at the opening ceremony of The Cedars International Festival-Bsharri (CIF) before an audience of 8,000 people. Before the festival, Bocelli visited the Cedars of God, where he was received by the head of the Lebanese Forces Party, Samir Geagea.

Bsharri natives are also known for their strong Christian faith. Throughout the year, many religious festivities and commemorations take place in the town, attracting thousands from neighbouring villages.

Cedars ski resort
The Cedars resort is located in the North of Lebanon. Skiers came to the resort as early as 1920, and have been returning there ever since. The first lift was installed by the government in 1953.

The Cedars resort has a slightly longer season than the others, sometimes beginning early November and often lasting until late April. Pisted and off-piste skiing is possible, as well as Nordic skiing and skidoo rides.

In summer 2005, The Cedars resort installed 3 new chairlifts to replace the old T-bars and extend the ski runs. 15 million US Dollars have lately been invested to upgrade the facilities and expand the resort to higher standard of in terms of accommodation, equipment, safety, and services.

An ongoing project envisages a gondola that would carry skiers and visitors from the parking level at  to the highest accessible summit of . There is no indication yet of when and whether will this be finalized. To comply with international regulations, a refuge with a capacity of 400 persons should also be built at the top of the gondola, and equipped with telescopes allowing vistas as far away as the island of Cyprus.

Geography

Climate
Bsharri has a continental Mediterranean climate (Csb/Dsb, according to the Köppen climate classification), with dry and mild summers and cold, snowy winters. Temperatures in the summer can go above  a few times per year. On the other hand, temperatures can plummet to  and can plummet in Bsharri mountain to  on some occasions during the winter. Heavy snowfall is observed every year and accumulations of over   and in Bsharri mountain  are not unheard of.

Gallery

Notable residents

 Gibran Khalil Gibran, writer, poet and visual artist
 Antoine Choueiri (August 3, 1939 – March 9, 2010), a Lebanese media executive
 Samir Geagea, head of the Lebanese Forces party

See also
 Dimane

References

External links
 Lebanese Embassy (US) Section on Bsharri
 World66

Populated places in the North Governorate
Bsharri District
Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon

Bsharri


El cuskeel de Galápagos (Ogilbia galapagosensis) es una especie de peces de la familia Bythitidae.

Distribución
Es endémica de las islas Galápagos, Ecuador.

Referencias

 World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1996. Ogilbia galapagosensis. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Downloaded on 4 August 2007.

Bythitidae
Peces de las islas Galápagos
Animales descritos en 1965

Ogilbia galapagosensis


Sólo por mí es una canción de la cantante española Natalia Jiménez. Es la primera pista de su primer álbum en solitario Natalia Jiménez, publicado el 21 de junio de 2011.

Acerca de la canción
La canción habla de una mujer que era maltratada física y emocionalmente por su pareja, por lo que ésta decide dejarlo y comenzar una nueva vida en la que se encuentra mucho mejor, claramente reflejado en la letra: «Solo por mí, hoy he dejado de sufrir, sólo por mí en mi sangre lo puede sentir».

Según la artista, esta es una canción para todas aquellas mujeres maltratadas por su pareja, para que dejen de sufrir y sigan solo por ellas.

Referencias

Canciones de España de 2011
Canciones de Natalia Jiménez

Sólo por mí (canción)


Revija Urbane KulturE – Evo RUKE, glazbena manifestacija u Splitu. Održava se svakog ljeta. Počinje krajem lipnja i završava na trećini rujna. Održava se niz koncerata i performansa u splitskom Đardinu, jedinom parku u užoj gradskoj jezgri. Te dane Đardin je mjestom jazza, bluesa i rock'n'rolla, prave urbane glazbe. Posjetiteljima je ulaz besplatan. Izvodi se uživo kvalitetna domaća i inozemna glazba. Nastupaju hrvatski izvođači, ponajviše iz Splita i bliže okolice. U programu su autorski koncerti, tematski dani i cover sastavi. U sklopu revije od 2018. godine održava se Split Open Jazz Fair. Ostali tematski podprogrami su Zlatni Grgur i Split Blues Festival. Zlatni Grgur odnosno Turneja tri Grgura je manifestacija u sklopu Evo RUKE. Ojedinjuje kulturnu ponudu tri hrvatska grada koja imaju Meštrovićev spomenik Grgura Ninskog – Nina, Splita i Varaždina.

Organizator festivala je Stevo Vučković (Stiv Stividen).
Manifestacija je zamišljena pretenciozno,  nacionalna smotra domaćih izvođača urbane glazbe svih žanrova i trebala bi obuhvatiti sve dobne skupine, od novaka do prekaljenih poznatih hrvatskih umjetnika, iz svih dijelova Hrvatske. Vučković ističe da mu je koncepcija uvijek ista: revitalizacija devastirane kulturne, glazbene scene grada, a drugo, demarginalizacija žanrova kao što su blues i jazz. Zbog neimaštine i nedostatnih vanjskih izvora, Evo ruke! zamišljen je kao okvir i ima potprograme.

Izvori

Split
Festivali urbane i prostorne kulture

Revija Urbane KulturE – Evo RUKE!


Wokshop (Wok Shop ApS) er en dansk restaurantkæde og cateringvirksomhed. Kæden har januar 2023 11 restauranter i Danmark, de fleste i hovedstadsområdet. Hovedkvarteret er restauranten Wokshop Indre By i Ny Adelgade nummer 6. Kenneth Heske er direktør for virksomheden og eneste reelle ejer gennem holdingselskabet Wok Shop Holding Aps.

Den første restaurant åbnede i Ny Adelgade, mens anden restaurant åbnede på Østerbro i 2009 ved Melchiors Plads. Tredje filial åbnede den 27. december 2010 på Gammel Kongevej på hjørnet til Bülowsvej.
Restauranten på Melchiors Plads 3 måtte dog lukke i foråret 2013 efter en længerevarende strid med den lokale ejerforening om udsugning.

Kæden har specialiseret sig i det thailandske køkken og maden beskrives som
"frisklavet, aromatisk og spicy".
Da Adam Price anmeldte restauranten i 2006 var han specielt positiv over for retten phat thai.

Henvisninger

Restaurantkæder i Danmark

Wokshop


São Tomé er höfuðborg eyríkisins Saó Tóme og Prinsípe í Atlantshafi. Íbúar eru rúmlega 70 þúsund.

Saó Tóme og Prinsípe

São Tomé


Martin Galway (born 3 January 1966, Belfast, Northern Ireland) is one of the best known composers of chiptune video game music for the Commodore 64 and the ZX Spectrum. His works include Rambo: First Blood Part II, Comic Bakery and Wizballs scores, as well as the music used in the loader for the C64 version of Arkanoid.

Career
Galway was the first musician to get published with sampled sounds on the Commodore, with the theme for the Arkanoid conversion. When asked about how he did it, he answered:

I figured out how samples were played by hacking into someone else's code... OK, I admit it... It was a drum synthesizer package called Digidrums, actually, so you could still say I was the first to include samples in a piece of music. ... Never would I claim to have invented that technique, I just got it published first. In fact, I couldn't really figure out where they got the sample data, just that they were wiggling the volume register, so I tried to make up my own drum sample sounds in realtime – which is the flatulence stuff that shipped in Arkanoid. ... After the project was in the shops I gained access to some real drum samples, and I slid those into my own custom version of the tune. The one that's in the shops is kind of a collage of farts & burps, don't you think?... Later I was able to acquire some proper drum samples and by Game Over it got quite sophisticated.

Galway was appointed as Audio Director at Origin Systems in 1990. He worked at Digital Anvil from 1996.

Galway's most recent post was working as Audio Director for Cloud Imperium Games on their upcoming PC game Star Citizen, created by Chris Roberts of Wing Commander. Star Citizen was expected to release Q1 2015. Galway has since left this post.

Video game music

Atomic Protector (Optima Software, 1983)
Cookie (Ultimate Play the Game, 1983. An unreleased BBC Micro conversion, unearthed in 2002)
Daley Thompson's Decathlon (Ocean Software, 1984, includes a chiptune cover of Yellow Magic Orchestra's "Rydeen")
Swag (Micromania, 1984)
Yie Ar Kung-Fu (Includes a remix of Jean-Michel Jarre's "Les Chants Magnétiques part IV", Imagine, 1985)
Hyper Sports (Imagine, 1985)
Kong Strikes Back! (The first C64 song ever [composed in 1984] to use arpeggio which soon became an essential part of C64 sound, Ocean, 1985)
The Neverending Story (Ocean, 1985)
Ocean Loader 1 & 2 (The two different songs were used in several games released by Ocean, playing during the loading sequence of the game. Ocean Loaders 3 to 5 were composed by Peter Clarke and Jonathan Dunn; Ocean, 1985)
Roland's Ratrace (Ocean, 1985)
Mikie (Imagine, 1986, like the arcade game, this includes the arrangements of The Beatles songs "Twist and Shout", "A Hard Day's Night")
Ping Pong (Imagine, 1986, ZX Spectrum and C64 conversions)
Comic Bakery (Imagine, 1986)
Stryker's Run (Superior Software, 1986, includes a chiptune cover of Yellow Magic Orchestra's "Rydeen")
Terra Cresta (Imagine, 1986)
Green Beret (Imagine, 1986)
Helikopter Jagd (Ocean, 1986)
Highlander (Ocean, 1986)
Hunchback II (Ocean, 1986)
Match Day (Ocean, 1986)
Miami Vice (Ocean, 1986)
Parallax (Ocean, 1986)
Rambo: First Blood Part II (Ocean, 1986)
Short Circuit (Ocean, 1986, contains the cover of "Who's Johnny" by El DeBarge)
Arkanoid (Imagine, 1987)
Athena (Imagine, 1987)
Game Over (Imagine, 1987)
Rastan (Imagine, 1987)
Slap Fight (Imagine, 1987)
Yie Ar Kung-Fu II (Imagine, 1987)
Combat School (Ocean, 1987)
Crazee Rider (Superior Software, 1987)
Wizball (Ocean, 1987)
MicroProse Soccer (MicroProse, 1988)
Times of Lore (Origin, 1988)
Insects in Space (Sensible Software, 1989)
Wing Commander 2: Vengeance of the Kilrathi (Origin, 1991)
Ultima VII: The Black Gate (Origin, 1992)
Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss (Origin, 1992)
Strike Commander (Electronic Arts/Origin, 1993)
Wing Commander 4: The Price of Freedom (Electronic Arts/Origin, 1995)
The Kilrathi Saga (Electronic Arts, 1996)
Starlancer (Digital Anvil/Microsoft, 2000)

Notes

References

High Voltage SID Collection
Martin Galway STIL

External links
Artist profile at OverClocked ReMix

Information about Martin Galway on Certain Affinity web page
Legends of the C64 article on Martin Galway
Remix64 Interview Sánchez, Claudio (10 July 2003)
Remix64 Interview Carr, Neil (28 March 2001)

1966 births
Living people
Chiptune musicians
Commodore 64 music
Male composers from Northern Ireland
Musicians from Belfast
Origin Systems people
Sensible Software
Video game composers
People educated at Parrs Wood High School
20th-century composers from Northern Ireland
21st-century composers from Northern Ireland

Martin Galway


Gemal er betegnelse for en fyrstelig eller kongelig ægtemand eller hustru. For hustru kan betegnelsen gemalinde bruges.

Former

Prinsgemal: ægtemand til regerende dronning – hvis han ikke er konge.
Prinsessegemal(inde): hustru til regerende konge – hvis hun ikke er dronning.
Sjældnere:
Kongegemal: ægtemand til regerende dronning – hvis han ikke er konge.
Dronninggemal(inde): hustru til regerende konge – hvis hun ikke er dronning.

Eksempler på nuværende og tidligere gemaler og gemalinder

Prinsgemal: Henrik af Danmark, H.K.H. Prinsgemalen (titel fra 2005–2016)
Prinsessegemal(inde): Lalla Salma af Marokko, H.K.H. Prinsessegemalen (titel siden 2002)
Kongegemal: Frans, Gemal af Skotland (1558-1560)

Se også

 Ægteskab

Kongelige titler
Ægteskab
Adel

Gemal


Cuyuna may refer to:
AMW Cuyuna Engine Company
Cuyuna Country State Recreation Area
Cuyuna 430 - engine
Cuyuna Iron Range Municipally-Owned Elevated Metal Water Tanks
Cuyuna, Minnesota
Cuyuna Range
Cuyuna Scout Camp

Cuyuna


Ackerly may refer to:
 Ackerly, Texas
 Ackerly field, Nantucket airport
 Ackerly (surname)

Ackerly


Giro d'Italia 2017 var den 100. udgave af Giro d'Italia. Det blev arrangeret i perioden 5. til 28. maj 2017. Løbet startede i Alghero på Sardinien og sluttede i Milano med en enkeltstart. Den samlede vinder af løbet blev hollandske Tom Dumoulin fra , foran Nairo Quintana og Vincenzo Nibali.

Hold og ryttere

195 ryttere fra 22 hold stillede til start. Astana valgte ikke at indsætte en erstatning for Michele Scarponi, som døde i en træningsulykke to uger før løbet. Derudover blev to af Bardiani-CSFs ryttere nægtet start på grund af positiv dopingtest. Adam Hansen stillede til start med et mål om at fuldføre sin 17 Grand Tour i træk. Fire danske ryttere stillede til start i løbet.

Danske ryttere
Jesper Hansen kørte for
Lars Bak kørte for
Christopher Juul-Jensen kørte for
Mads Pedersen kørte for

Etaperne

Trøjernes fordeling gennem løbet

Samlede stilling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

2017
UCI World Tour 2017

Giro d'Italia 2017


Serial Storage Architecture (SSA) was a serial transport protocol used to attach disk drives to server computers.

History
SSA was invented by Ian Judd of IBM in 1990. IBM produced a number of successful products based upon this standard before it was overtaken by the more widely adopted Fibre Channel protocol.

SSA was promoted as an open standard by the SSA Industry Association, unlike its predecessor the first generation Serial Disk Subsystem.  A number of vendors including IBM, Pathlight Technology and Vicom Systems produced products based on SSA.  It was also adopted as an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) X3T10.1 standard.  SSA devices are logically SCSI devices and conform to all of the SCSI command protocols.

SSA provides data protection for critical applications by helping to ensure that a single cable failure will not prevent access to data. All the components in a typical SSA subsystem are connected by bi-directional cabling. Data sent from the adaptor can travel in either direction around the loop to its destination. SSA detects interruptions in the loop and automatically reconfigures the system to help maintain connection while a link is restored.

Up to 192 hot swappable hard disk drives can be supported per system. Drives can be designated for use by an array in the event of hardware failure. Up to 32 separate RAID arrays can be supported per adaptor, and arrays can be mirrored across servers to provide cost-effective protection for critical applications. Furthermore, arrays can be sited up to 25 metres apart - connected by thin, low-cost copper cables - allowing subsystems to be located in secure, convenient locations, far from the server itself.

SSA was deployed in server RAID environments, where it was capable of providing for up to 80 Mbyte/s of data throughput, with sustained data rates as high as 60 Mbytes/s in non-RAID mode and 35 Mbytes/s in RAID mode.

Link characteristics
The copper cables used in SSA configurations are round bundles of two or four twisted pairs, up to 25 metres long and terminated with 9-pin micro-D connectors.  Impedances are 75 ohm single-ended, and 150 ohm differential.  For longer-distance connections, it is possible to use fiber-optic cables up to 10 km (6 mi) in length. Signals are differential TTL.  The transmission capacity is 20 megabytes per second in each direction per channel, with up to two channels per cable.  The transport layer protocol is non-return-to-zero, with 8B/10B encoding (10 bits per character).  Higher protocol layers were based on the SCSI-3 standard.

Products

IBM 7133 Disk expansion enclosures
IBM 2105 Versatile Storage Server (VSS)
IBM 2105 Enterprise Storage Server (ESS)
IBM 7190 SBUS SSA Adapter
Pathlight Technology Streamline PCI Host Bus Adapter, SSA Data Pump, storage area network gateway

See also
List of device bandwidths

References

Serial buses
SCSI
IBM storage devices
American National Standards Institute standards
Computer storage buses

Serial Storage Architecture


Athis-Mons () is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located  from the center of Paris.

Inhabitants are called Athégiens.

A small part of Orly International Airport lies on the territory of the commune of Athis-Mons.

History
Athis-Mons was formed in 1817 by joining two villages, Athis (along the Seine, and formerly known as Athis-sur-Orge) and Mons (on the adjacent plateau). Nowadays the lower area of the commune is commonly called Athis-Val.

During World War II, a significant portion (approximately 80%) of Athis-Mons was destroyed during the Allied bombing raid of 18 April 1944. Approximately 300 people died and 4,000 people were left homeless. Athis-Mons had to be entirely rebuilt after the war.

Population

Geography
Athis-Mons is located at the confluence of Orge and Seine rivers, and at the southern edge of the international airport of Orly.

Climate

Athis-Mons has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Athis-Mons is . The average annual rainfall is  with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Athis-Mons was  on 25 July 2019; the coldest temperature ever recorded was  on 17 January 1985.

Administration
The canton of Athis-Mons has 2 communes (the other is Paray-Vieille-Poste) and 36,615 inhabitants. Athis-Mons is a twin town of Ballina in Ireland.

Transport
Athis-Mons is served by Athis-Mons station on Paris RER line C.

Education
The commune has nine preschools (écoles maternelles) and eight elementary schools (écoles élémentaires).
 Preschools: Albert Calmette, Jules Ferry, Jean de la Fontaine, Pauline Kergomard, La Rougette, Charles Perrault, Jacques Prévert, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry,
 Elementary schools: Édouard Branly, Pierre et Marie Curie, Jules Ferry, Camille Flammarion, Jean Jaurès, Louis Pasteur, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
 Combined preschools and elementary schools: Jean-Baptiste de la Salle

There is a private Catholic school, .

Museum
The city hosts the aviation museum Musée Delta.

Twin towns - sister cities
Athis-Mons is twinned with:
 Ballina, Ireland
 Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Germany
 Sinaia, Romania

See also
Communes of the Essonne department

References

External links

Official website

Communes of Essonne

Athis-Mons


An Prasophyllum amoenum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni David Lloyd Jones. An Prasophyllum amoenum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Prasophyllum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Tasmania. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Prasophyllum

Prasophyllum amoenum


(,"The Fair Maid of the Mill", Op. 25, D. 795), is a song cycle by Franz Schubert from 1823 based on 20 poems by Wilhelm Müller. It is the first of Schubert's two seminal cycles (preceding Winterreise), and a pinnacle of Lied repertoire.

Die schöne Müllerin is performed by a pianist and a solo singer. The vocal part falls in the range of a tenor or soprano voice, but is often sung by other voices, transposed to a lower range, a precedent established by Schubert himself. Since the protagonist is a young man, performances by women's voices are less common. The piano part bears much of the expressive burden of the work, and is only seldom a mere 'accompaniment' to the singer. A typical performance lasts around sixty to seventy minutes.

Composition
Müller published twenty-five poems in the first fascicule (1821) of Sieben und siebzig Gedichten aus den nachgelassenen Papieren eines reisenden Waldhornisten (Seventy-seven Poems from the Posthumous Papers of an Itinerant Hornist"). They arose from his unrequited passion for Luise Hensel, herself a poet as well as sister in law to Fanny Hensel and Felix Mendelssohn.

Schubert set twenty of them to music between May and September 1823, while he was also writing his opera Fierrabras. He was 26 years old at the time. Schubert omitted five of the poems, such as a prologue and an epilogue delivered by the poet. The work was published in 1824 by the firm of Sauer and Leidesdorf as Op. 25 under the title Die schöne Müllerin, ein Zyklus von Liedern, gedichtet von Wilhelm Müller ("The Lovely Maid of the Mill, a song cycle to poems by Wilhelm Müller") and was dedicated to the singer . The omitted poems were a Prolog, Das Mühlenleben (following Nr. 6),  Erster Schmerz, letzter Scherz  (following Nr. 15), Blümlein Vergißmein (following Nr. 17)  and Epilog.

Narrative

There are twenty songs in the cycle, around half in simple strophic form, and they move from cheerful optimism to despair and tragedy.
At the beginning of the cycle, a young journeyman miller wanders happily through the countryside. He comes upon a brook, which he follows to a mill. He falls in love with the miller's beautiful daughter (the "Müllerin" of the title). She is out of his reach as he is only a journeyman. He tries to impress her, but her response seems tentative. The young man is soon supplanted in her affections by a hunter clad in green, the color of a ribbon he gave the girl. In his anguish, he experiences an obsession with the color green, then an extravagant death fantasy in which flowers sprout from his grave to express his undying love. (See Beethoven's "Adelaide" for a similar fantasy.) In the end, the young man despairs and presumably drowns himself in the brook. The last number is a lullaby sung by the brook.

Editions

The Diabelli edition of 1830 in a facsimile score, with notes by Walther Dürr, was published (1996) by Bärenreiter. The version in most common use is the Peters Edition, edited by Max Friedlaender, and in this and several other editions (e.g. Schirmer) the cycle is presented as the first 20 songs of Volume 1. There are versions in the original (high) keys, and transposed alternatives for lower voices. The Peters edition was revised by Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau and Elmar Budde, and is available as Volume 1 of the Peters Urtext Edition, available in high, medium and low key versions. The most recent scholarly edition is in the New Schubert Edition, again edited by Walther Dürr and published by Bärenreiter, and contains transposed versions for lower voices.

Six of the songs were transcribed for solo piano by Franz Liszt and published as Müllerlieder.

Synopsis

"Das Wandern" ("Wandering"; B major): "Wandering is the miller's joy" – a journeyman Miller happily travels through the countryside, singing of the restless water, millstones, and millwheels of his trade. This is a classic example of strophic song, in which the accompaniment is traditionally made to imitate the various objects about which the Miller sings. Schubert facilitates this with characteristically elegant and inventive piano writing; despite its simplicity, the music contains elements readily receptive to this imitative treatment, with the flowing cyclical broken triads evocative of both wheels and water, and the bass octaves pounding away. The composer continues this illustrative style throughout the cycle, with various recurring motifs. By far the most important of these, the Brook, is a character of its own represented by the piano, and appears next.
"Wohin?" ("Where to?"; G major): "Is this my path then? Oh tell me, brook, where to?" – the Miller fatefully comes across a Brook, and is captivated into following it. Through-composed, the piano imitates the babbling brook with a rippling pattern. This figuration, a first-inversion broken triad circling back on itself, goes on to represent the Brook almost exclusively throughout the cycle.
"Halt!" ("Stop!"; C major): "Dear little Brook, is this what you meant?" – the Brook leads the Miller to an idyllic mill in a forest grove. Through-composed, the piano imitates the vigorous turning of the mill wheel. Subtle diminished and minor harmonies in the accompaniment hint at foreboding.
"Danksagung an den Bach" ("Thanksgiving to the Brook"; G major): "Did she send you? Or have you enchanted me?" – The grateful Miller thanks the Brook for providing work for his hands and his heart – the latter in the form of the beautiful maid of the mill, the Müllerin of the title. Through-composed, with a contemplative broken chord pattern in the accompaniment, and a section in parallel minor as the Miller questions the nature of the Brook's guidance.
"Am Feierabend" ("Evening's Rest"; A minor): "If only I could move the millstones alone! Then the beautiful maiden would know my true purpose!" – the Miller is troubled when the Maiden wishes a good night to all the men, paying him no particular attention; he aches to distinguish himself from his peers. The piano channels the millworks in this through-composed song, with the up-and-down arpeggio from Halt! again representing the wheel and pounding bass evoking the stones. Highly contrasting static music in the central section captures the restful after-work setting of the otherwise incongruous title. This is an energetic high point of the first section, and the one entry in the cycle in which the protagonist actually sings the phrase "die schöne Mullerin".
"Der Neugierige" ("The Inquirer"; B major): "Tell me, little Brook – does she love me?" – he asks the enigmatic brook whether the Maiden loves him – Yes or No – between these two words lies his entire world. An expressive through-composed song opening with a cleverly executed musical question in the accompaniment – a rising pattern ending on a diminished chord. A slow, contemplative second section follows as the Miller interrogates the Brook, represented as always by its flowing broken triads.
"Ungeduld" ("Impatience"; A major): "My heart is yours, and it will be forever!" – he wishes he could carve his love into every tree, have every bird sing of it, have the wind tell of it. A strophic song in which a busy, restless repeated chord pattern in the accompaniment, crowded with ornaments, reflects the Miller's agitated state.
"Morgengruß" ("Morning Greeting"; C major): "Does my greeting displease you so?" – the Miller is troubled by the Maiden's cool reaction to his morning greeting. Nonetheless, his optimism is intact – he will just wait outside her window. A ballad in strophic form that progressively gathers expressive energy as the metric subdivision increases over each stanza, the Miller's infatuation swelling.
"Des Müllers Blumen" ("The Miller's Flowers"; A major): "The flowers will whisper to her as in a dream: forget me not!" – the Miller indulges in a poetic metaphor between the blue flowers beside the brook and the Maiden's blue eyes. The Miller's outpouring is matched with a lyrical arpeggio pattern and gently rocking 6/8 rhythm in this strophic song. An accepted performance convention places the third strophe, concerning dreams, an octave higher in the accompaniment. There is no explicitly indicated outro music, which is unusual in Schubert, but accompanists often choose to simply repeat the introduction. Regardless of this choice, the ending segues into the next song, in the same key.
"Tränenregen" ("Rain of Tears"; A major): "She said: 'A rain is coming – farewell, I'm going home'" – the Miller and Maiden share a tender moment by the Brook – the three principal characters in one place. The Miller cannot bring himself to look at her, and stares into the Brook at the moon and her reflection. As his tears ripple in the water, she abruptly leaves. Augmented harmonies and lyrical, flowing counterpoint in the accompaniment again imitate the brook and add to the nocturne atmosphere. The form is primarily strophic, with a shadowy coda in the parallel minor as the Maiden takes her leave.
"Mein!" ("Mine!"; D major): "Are these all the flowers you have, spring? Can you not shine brighter, sun? The beloved Millermaid is mine! Mine!" – the ecstatic Miller is convinced he possesses the Maiden, despite heretofore dubious encouragement. A brash, heavy-handed, low register accompaniment in broken chords captures the Miller's manic and effusive machismo, and the vocal line features athletic melisma in nearly every bar. In a near-comical fortissimo flourish, a deliberately muddy fully voiced D major chord closes the first half of the work.
"Pause" ("Interlude"; B major): "Is it the echo of my love's pain? Or the prelude to new songs?" – the Miller, his heart too full to sing, hangs his lute on the wall with a green ribbon and reflects on the heavy burden of happiness. He muses anxiously whether the stirrings of his lute are ominous. Through-composed, a repetitive lute-like motif and static harmony in the accompaniment create the interlude atmosphere. Dissonant minor harmonies reflect the Miller's misgivings before they are shrugged off in the outro.
"Mit dem grünen Lautenbande" ("With the Green Lute-Ribbon"; B major): "Wind the green ribbon into your locks, since you like green so much!" – the Maiden mentions she likes green, and the Miller is happy to oblige, giving her the ribbon as a symbol of their evergreen love. He tries to convince himself that he too likes green, though he is white with flour. Strophic, in short verses with flourishes idiomatic of the lute, the saccharine melody and accompaniment reflect the Miller's deluded optimism.
"Der Jäger" ("The Hunter"; C minor): "There is no game here for you to hunt! Only a doe, a tame one, for me!" – a rough and dashing Hunter clad in green arrives at the mill; the Miller is immediately disturbed by this romantic rival and spirals into a jealous diatribe. The vocal line is extremely dense and the delivery deliberately rushed in the manner of a patter song. In strophic form, the piano imitates hunting horns with a standard idiomatic chord pattern (see Der Lindenbaum from Winterreise, etc.) in a brash staccato 6/8 rhythm. The key changes rapidly between C minor and its relative major E major. This song is a turning point, marking the beginning of the Miller's descent into tragedy.
"Eifersucht und Stolz" ("Jealousy and Pride"; G minor): "Where to so fast and wild, dear brook? Turn back, and scold your maiden!" – the Miller desperately compels the Brook to admonish the fickle Maiden, who has been flirting with the Hunter. Through-composed, the agitated broken-chord accompaniment imitates the now-raging Brook, with a central section again imitating hunting horns.
"Die liebe Farbe" ("The Beloved Colour"; B minor): "Dig me a grave in the green meadow, cover me with green turf, my sweetheart likes green so much" – the catatonic Miller obsesses miserably over green, the color of his love and his pain. An ostinato F in sixteenth notes, repeated over 500 times in the accompaniment across the strophic verses, reflects the Miller's tortured fixation and the monotony of the constant refrain. The sparse accompaniment follows the voice melody in lower harmony as it maintains the ostinato. Ironically, and most likely deliberately, the strophic verse structure and vocal line rhythm is identical to the cheerful Mit dem grünen Lautenbande; the lyrics for either song could be readily substituted over one another's accompaniment, despite their vast contrast in character and content.
"Die böse Farbe" ("The Hateful Colour"; B major): "Oh green, you hateful color you! So proud, so mocking, so pleased with my pain!" – the Miller bitterly and defiantly renounces the color green. He wishes only to take the Maiden's hand one last time to say farewell. In a through-composed rondo form, with an operatic scale of sound, the bold accompaniment again includes a hunting horn imitation in the second episode. In the parallel major of the preceding song, the two are an opposed pair.
"Trockne Blumen" ("Withered Flowers"; E minor): "And when she passes my grave, she will think 'He was true to me!'" – in an elaborate death fantasy, the Miller wishes to be buried with now-withered flowers the Maiden had given him. When she sees this, she will know his heart was faithful; the flowers will bloom again and thus his winter will have passed. Through-composed, the accompaniment at first represents the withered flowers with a minimalist series of simple chords – as the flowers bloom, the music becomes more lyrical, and the harmony and rhythm more intricate.
"Der Müller und der Bach" ("The Miller and the Brook"; G minor): "Oh dear little brook, you mean so well – but do you know what love does to you?" The hopeless Miller turns to the Brook in his heartbreak. The Brook answers with comforting and poetic words of love conquering pain. Resigned and exhausted, the Miller submits himself to the Brook's 'cool rest'. Through-composed, the gently rocking barcarolle-like accompaniment gives way to a broken chord pattern similar to that of Wohin, imitating the Brook and confirming a leitmotif of sorts as this character speaks for the first time. The notable use of Neapolitan chords in this song is one of many examples of chromatic substitution used liberally throughout the cycle, aptly illustrating in this case the languid resignation of the protagonist as the minor second sinks to the tonic. The outro sees the piano descend peacefully to a final major chord as the Miller meets his fate.
"Des Baches Wiegenlied" ("The Brook's Lullaby"; E major): – "Rest well, rest well, close your eyes. Wanderer, you weary one, you are at home." the Brook, who has always shown the Miller the constancy he so desired, sings him to sleep, scolding the Maiden not to disturb him. A placid and relaxed strophic song, this idiomatic lullaby is by a considerable margin the longest entry in the cycle. The choice of E major, a tritone removed from the opening song, signifies the vast narrative distance covered by the cycle. "And heaven above, how vast it is!"

References

External links

 Comprehensive research website, Iain C. Phillips
 Original German and English translations of the texts
 Performance of Die schöne Müllerin by Randall Scarlata (baritone) and Jeremy Denk (piano), from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in MP3 format
 Müller's complete text, in German at librivox.org (N. 19)
 Notes on Die schöne Müllerin by Franz Schubert & Wilhelm Müller – notes, texts, translations, and links
 , Fritz Wunderlich (tenor), Hubert Giesen (piano), 1966

Lieder composed by Franz Schubert
Song cycles by Franz Schubert
1823 compositions
Classical song cycles in German
Musical settings of poems by Wilhelm Müller

Die schöne Müllerin


Çaycuma, Zonguldak ilinin bir ilçesidir.

Bölgedeki önemli sanayi tesisleri 1970'te kurulan, özelleştirme kapsamında OYAK'a satılarak "OYKA Kağıt Fabrikası" adını alan Türkiye Selüloz ve Kağıt Fabrikaları Anonim Şirketi (SEKA) Fabrikası ve Perşembe beldesi ile arasında kalan Organize Sanayi Bölgesidir. Filyos beldesinde de Sümerbank Filyos Ateş Tuğlası Fabrikası bulunmaktadır. Filyos limanı projesi Çaycuma'nın Filyos beldesinde yürütülmektedir. Karadeniz'de keşfedilen doğalgaz yatakları ve Türkiye'nin önemli kuvarst kristali yatakları da bu ilçede bulunur.

Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi'nin Çaycuma Kampüsü'nü barındırır.

Aynı zamanda Çaycuma bir havalimanına sahiptir. Zonguldak Havalimanı, Çaycuma'nın Saltukova beldesinde kalır. Türk Hava Yolları İç Hatlar hizmeti verir. Haftanın üç günü İstanbul Havalimanı uçuşları yapılmaktadır. Yurt dışında yaşayan göçmen nüfus nedeniyle dış hatlar uçuşları da yapılmaktadır. Düsseldorf Havalimanı uçuşları mevcuttur.

Tarihçe
19. yüzyılda Kastamonu Vilayeti Çarşamba (Devrek) kazasına, 1873'te Bartın'a, 1902'de Çarşamba Nahiyesi olarak Zonguldak'a bağlandığı salnamelerden ve yazılı kaynaklardan anlaşılmaktadır. Osmanlı döneminde önemli bir yerleşim yeri olmayan Çaycuma, Cumhuriyet döneminde özellikle son zamanlarda bulunan doğalgaz yatakları ve Filyos limanı projesi sayesinde Türkiye'nin önemli ekonomik bölgelerinden biri olmaya adaydır . Osmanlı zamanında köylerden Filyos Çayı kenarında kurulu bölge pazarına giden insanlar "Çaya cumaya gidiyorum" söylemi zamanla kaynaşmış ve Çaycuma şeklini almıştır. Bu söylem 1911 yılında ilçenin adının Samsun'daki Çarşamba ile karıştırıldığından dolayı resmi olarak Çaycuma olarak değiştirilmesine neden olmuştur ve 1944 yılında ise Devrek'e bağlı bir nahiye iken ilçe konumuna getirilmiştir.

Coğrafya
Zonguldak il merkezinin doğusunda kalmaktadır. Kuzeyinde Karadeniz, doğusunda Bartın, güneyinde Devrek yer alır. Yüzölçümü 490 km2'dir.

Çaycuma, Filyos Çayı ve bu çayın oluşturduğu vadi üzerine kuruludur. Dağlık ve engebeli bir arazi yapısına sahiptir. En büyük yükseltisi; Balat Dağı'dır.

Nüfus

Ekonomi

İlçede temel ekonomik etkinlik tarımdır. Genelde tarım alanlarının sınırlı olduğu Zonguldak ilinde, Filyos Çayı boyundaki verimli ovalar bitkisel üretim bakımından önem taşır. Bu kesimde mısır, sebze ve meyve üretilir. Hayvancılık, özellikle manda yetiştiriciliği de ilçede yapılan tarımsal etkinliklerdendir. Karadeniz kıyısındaki Hisarönü'nde balıkçılık gelişmiştir. Avlanan balıklar büyük ölçüde İstanbul'a gönderilir.

İlçe merkezi Çaycuma kenti Karadeniz kıyısından 25 Km. kadar içeride, Çaycuma Düzü'nün batı kenarında yer alır. Kent, çevresindeki yoğun kırsal nüfusa hizmet veren bir pazar niteliğindedir. En önemli sanayi kuruluşu 1970'te açılan ve Türkiye'nin üçüncü büyük kâğıt fabrikası olan SEKA Çaycuma Kağıt Fabrikası'dır. Fabrikanın üretimi Bartın Limanı'ndan yollanır. Kentte ayrıca yağ imalathaneleri ile un, bisküvi, şekerleme gibi gıda maddeleri üreten imalathaneler, kereste, bıçkı, hızar atölyeleri ve maden işçileri için özel ayakkabılar üreten küçük iş yerleri vardır.

Bölgede en önemli sektörlerden ikisi, tekstil ve inşaat sektörleridir. İnşaat sektöründe ise Perşembeli iş adamlarının çok büyük yatırımları sayesinde büyük işgücü ortaya çıkmıştır.

Tekstil sektöründe ise bir bölümü Perşembe'de bulunan Organize Sanayi Bölgesinde çok sayıda fabrika bulunmaktadır.

Belediye başkanları
 2014-hâlen- Bülent Kantarcı
 2004-2014 - Mithat Gülşen
 1999-2004 - Osman Metin Yurtbay
 1994-1999 - Metin Yurtbay
 1989-1994 - Orhan Yardımcı
 1984-1989 - Metin Yurtbay
 1977-1980 - Kenan Aydın
 1973-1977 - Abdullah Kalaycı
 1955-1973 - Nihat Kantarcı

Fotoğraflar

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 YerelNET
 Çaycuma Kaymakamlığı
 Çaycuma Belediyesi

Çaycuma


Euphoria (Hindi: युफ़ोरिया, Urdu: یوفوریا), es una banda de rock de la India, formada en 1988 en Nueva Deli. También han interpretado canciones de playback o de reproducción.

Miembros
La banda está integrada por Gussy Rikh, Palash Sen, Benjamin Pinto, Gaurav Mishra, Rakesh Bhardwaj, Prashant Trivedi, Ashwani Verma, Hitesh Madan, Debajyoti Bhaduri, Vinayak Gupta, Amborish Saikia, y Alok.

Discografía

Films
La banda ha compuesto para la banda sonora de una película de Malayalam nombrado como Best of luck (2010).

Álbumes
 1998 - Dhoom
 2000 - Phir Dhoom
 2003 - Gully
 2006 - Mehfuz
 2008 - ReDhoom
 2010 - Follow Your Dreams
 2011 - Item

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Official Euphoria Website

Grupos de rock de India

Euphoria (banda)


La estreptolisina es una exotoxina hemolítica estreptocócica.

Los tipos de estreptolisina incluyen la SLO (StreptoLysin O: estreptolisina O), que es lábil al oxígeno, y la SLS (StreptoLysin S: estreptolisina S), que es estable al oxígeno.

Los anticuerpos anti-estreptolisina O se pueden detectar en un título de antiestreptolisina O. La estreptolisina O es hemolíticamente activa sólo en un estado reversible inducido a diferencia de estreptolisina S,
La estreptolisina O es inactivada por oxígeno, mientras que la estreptolisina S es oxígeno estable.
Otra diferencia es que la estreptolisina O es antigénica, mientras que la estreptolisina S no es antigénica debido a su pequeño tamaño.

Referencias

Toxinas de invertebrados
Hematología

Estreptolisina


Sv. Josip iz Arimateje, dobročinitelj i misionar iz 1. stoljeća, bogati Židov koji je pokopao Isusa Krista u svoj grob. Spominje se u sva četiri evanđelja. Zaštitnik je pogrebnika, grobara, nosača lijesova, kopača kositra i limara te mnogih crkava i kapela diljem svijeta.

Životopis

Josip je rođen u 1. stoljeću u Ramli, u Arimateji blizu Jeruzalema, odakle je potjecao i slavni izraelski sudac i prorok Samuel. Bio je bogati Židov, istaknuti član Velikog vijeća i vlasnik novog groba isklesanog u stijeni blizu Golgote. Iz straha pred Židovima nije se usuđivao javno očitovati o Isusu, nego je potajno bio njegov učenik, kao i Nikodem. Josip je iščekivao Kraljevstvo Božje i nije se složio s presudom protiv Isusa. U okrutnim trenutcima raspeća nije se libio zatražiti od Pilata Isusovo tijelo. S dopuštenjem od prefekta skine tijelo s križa, omota ga u čistu plahtu i uz pomoć Nikodema položi u svoj grob. Njih dvojica zatim zatvore grob velikom stijenom i odlaze. Kasnije su osnovali crkvu u Lodu.

Naslijeđe

Slavni talijanski povjesničar, kardinal Cesare Baronio, stavio ga je u Rimski martirologij 17. ožujka. Povod je bilo štovanje kanonika vatikanske bazilike, koji su baš na taj dan častili relikvije Josipove ruke. U Baronijevo doba najstariji dokument o Josipovoj ruci potjecao je iz 1454., ali tijekom vremena nestalo je mnogo dragocjenih svjedočanstava.

O Josipu iz Arimateje postoji i vrlo bogata ikonografija, što je posve razumljivo s obzirom na to da je bio sudionik Isusova pogreba. Ovjekovječili su ga brojni majstori među kojima se najviše ističu Michelangelo i Tizian. U bogatom muzeju stare umjetnosti u Bruxellesu nalazi se jedna pala iz 15. stoljeća, koja se pripisuje majstoru Afflighenu, a prikazuje kako se nakon dovršenog pogreba Josip i Nikodem udaljuju od Isusova groba, noseći sa sobom čavle i trnovu krunu. Ta oruđa muke, kao i koplje, pehar i ručnik često su uz Josipa iz Arimateje, koga kao svog zaštitnika slave grobari. Na većini slika Josip iz Arimateje prikazan je kao zreo i vremešan čovjek, s dostojanstvenom bradom i bogatim odijelom. Nakon Tridentskog sabora često se prikazuje zajedno s anđelima.

U suvremeno doba, osim umjetnika i pisaca ovjekovječili su ga i filmski redatelji.

Legende

Od 4. stoljeća pojavljuju se legendarne predaje s puno mašte u kojima se veliča Josipov lik. U apokrifu iz 5. stoljeća, "Djela Pilatova", također poznata i kao "Evanđelje po Nikodemu", govori se da Židovi nisu odobravali držanje Josipa i Nikodema u vezi s Isusom te je Josip stoga uhićen i poslan u zatvor. Čudom oslobođen pojavljuje se u Arimateji, odakle se vraća u Jeruzalem i govori kako ga je Isus oslobodio. Još više iznenađujuće djelo je "Vindicta Salvatoris", koje je bilo jako rasprostranjeno u Engleskoj i Akvitaniji. Ova knjiga govori o odlasku Tita na čelu svojih legija kako bi osvetio Isusovu smrt. Osvojivši Jeruzalem, Tit pronalazi Josipa u jednom tornju, gdje su ga Židovi zatvorili kako bi umro od gladi. A Josip je tamo bio hranjen nebeskim delicijama.

Legende o Josipu iz Arimateje poprimile su od 11. do 13. stoljeća nove pojedinosti na britanskim otocima i u Francuskoj, uključujući u to kralja Arthura i Sveti gral. Prema jednoj od tih legendi, Josip je oprao Isusovo tijelo i prikupio vodu i krv u spremnik, a kasnije su on i Nikodem podijelili njegov sadržaj. Neke legende kažu da je Josip, noseći tu relikviju, evangelizirao Francusku (neke priče kažu da se iskrcao u Marseille s Martom, Marijom i Lazarom), Španjolsku (gdje ga je Jakov Zebedejev imenovao biskupom), Portugal i Englesku. U posljednjoj državi Josip je postao vrlo popularan. Legenda ga postavlja za osnivača prve crkve na britanskom tlu, na Glastonburškom brdu. Dok je spavao, njegov biskupski štap je pao na zemlju, pustio korijenje i izrastao. Opatija Glastonbury postala je važno hodočasničko središte dok 1539. nije bila prisilno ukinuta reformacijom. Jedna legenda iz 9. stoljeća pripovijeda da je u vrijeme Karla Velikog jeruzalemski patrijarh Fortunato pobjegao na zapad s Josipovim kostima do samostana Moyenmoutier, gdje je postao opat.

Iako sve te legende nemaju nikakvu povijesnu važnost niti su točne, jasno daju do znanja kako se velika važnost pridavala prvim Isusovim učenicima. Razvoj tih priča može se povezati s povijesnim odnosima Engleske i Francuske s Rimom. Time se željelo pokazati da su neka područja evangelizirali Isusovi učenici, a ne rimski misionari. U svakom slučaju, nemaju nikakve veze s povijesnom istinom.

Zanimljivosti

 U apokrifnom evanđelju po Petru iz 2. stoljeća Josip traži Isusovo tijelo još prije nego što je Isus razapet.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Sveci.net: Sv. Josip iz Arimateje

 Opus Dei: Tko je bio Josip iz Arimateje?

 Svjetlo vjere: Sv. Josip iz Arimateje

Sestrinski projekti

Sveci
Isus
Biblijski likovi
Likovi iz evanđelja
Srednjovjekovne legende

Josip iz Arimateje


Die Håndboldligaen 2010/11 (offiziell: Jack & Jones Ligaen) war die 75. Spielzeit der Håndboldligaen, der höchsten Liga im dänischen Herrenhandball. Die dänische Meisterschaft gewann AG Kopenhagen.

Reguläre Saison

Meisterschaftsrunde

Die Mannschaften auf den ersten acht Plätzen wurden in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt. Die Mannschaften auf Platz eins bis vier bekamen hierbei Zusatzpunkte zugesprochen (zwei Punkte für Platz eins und zwei, je einen für Platz drei und vier), die sie in die Runde mitnehmen dürfen. Die Sieger beider Gruppen treffen in bis zu drei Finalspielen aufeinander; die Mannschaft, die zwei dieser Spiele gewonnen hat, ist dänischer Handballmeister. Parallel dazu spielten die beiden Zweitplatzierten der Gruppen den dritten Platz der Meisterschaft aus.

Gruppe A

Gruppe B

Spiele um den dritten Platz

Endspiele

Abstiegsrunde

Gemeinsam mit den Mannschaften auf Platz zwei, drei und vier der 1. Division spielten die fünf Mannschaften auf Platz neun bis dreizehn um freie Plätze in der ersten Liga 2011/12. Dabei wurden die Mannschaften nach Vorrundenabschluss auf zwei Gruppen mit je 4 Mannschaften aufgeteilt. Die beiden ersten dieser Runde qualifizierten sich für die Håndboldligaen 2011/12, während die beiden Dritten gegeneinander den letzten freien Platz in der Liga ausspielten. Die besser platzierten Mannschaften der Hauptrunde erhielten auch hier bis zu zwei Bonuspunkte.

Gruppe A

Gruppe B

Relegation der Drittplatzierten

Skanderborg Håndbold stieg damit auf.

Handballsaison 2010/11
Handballwettbewerb in Dänemark

Håndboldligaen 2010/11


NGC 5789 est une petite galaxie spirale barrée de type magellanique située dans la constellation du Bouvier. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . NGC 5789 a été découverte par l'astronome germano-britannique William Herschel en 1802.

La classe de luminosité de NGC 5789 est IV-V et elle présente une large raie HI.

Supernova
La supernova SN 2003dl a été découverte dans NGC 5789 le  par J. Graham et W. Li dans le cadre du programme conjoint LOTOSS/KAIT de l'observatoire Lick et The Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope de l'université de Californie à Berkeley. Le type de cette supernova n'a pas été déterminé.

Groupe de NGC 5798
Selon A. M. Garcia, NGC 5789 fait partie du groupe de NGC 5798, un trio de galaxies. Les deux autres galaxies du trio sont NGC 5798 et UGC 9597.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du New General Catalogue

Liens externes

 NGC 5789 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

5789
Constellation du Bouvier
Galaxie spirale
Galaxie spirale barrée
Objet céleste découvert en 1802
Objet céleste découvert par William Herschel

NGC 5789


Die Route nationale 162Bis, kurz N 162Bis oder RN 162Bis, war eine französische Nationalstraße und wurde 1862 zwischen Moulay und Saint-Loup-du-Dorat festgelegt. Sie geht auf die Route stratégique 14 zurück. Ihre Länge betrug 45 Kilometer. 1973 wurde die Nationalstraße abgestuft. Mit der Nationalstraße 162 hatte sie erst ab 1949 eine gemeinsame Kreuzung, als diese im Zusammenhang mit einer Reform zu einer langen Trasse umstrukturiert wurde.

Weblinks
 Route nationale française 162Bis auf WikiSara (französisch)

162B
Straße in Pays de la Loire

Route nationale 162bis


حديث شق صدر النبي محمد  هو حديث نبوي جاء في كتب الحديث عند أهل السنة بعدة روايات، جاء فيه أن نبي الإسلام محمد قد شُقّ صدره على يد المَلَكْ جبريل، فأخرج قلبه وغسله في طست من ذهب من ماء زمزم، ثم أعاده لمكانه. تحظى تلك الروايات بقبول واسع بين معظم أهل السنة، إلا أنها محل انتقاد واستنكار من بعض أهل السنة حديثًا كمحمد الغزالي و محمد حسين هيكل وبعض المستشرقين مثل وليم موير، كما ينكرها المسلمون الشيعة.

نص الحديث ورواياته
جاء حديث شق الصدر على عدة روايات نقلها الرواة عن ثلاثة صحابة هم مالك بن صعصعة وأنس بن مالك وأبي ذر الغفاري، وهي:
 أورد البخاري الحديث في صحيحه على أربعة أوجه:
 في كتاب «مناقب الأنصار» جاءت رواية لحديث طويل عن أحداث الإسراء والمعراج رواه «هدبة بن خالد» عن «همام بن يحيى» عن «قتادة» عن «أنس بن مالك» عن مالك بن صعصعة جاء في مطلعه أن النبي محمد حدّث أصحابه عن ليلة أُسري به، فقال: . وكذلك ذكر أحمد بن حنبل تلك الرواية برواتها في مسنده في «مسند الشاميين».
 في كتاب «بدء الخلق» برواية «خليفة بن خياط» عن «يزيد بن زريع» عن «سعيد بن أبي عروبة» و«هشام الدستوائي» عن «قتادة بن دعامة» عن «أنس بن مالك» عن «مالك بن صعصعة» أنه قال: .
 في كتاب «التوحيد» عن «عبد العزيز بن عبد الله» عن «سليمان بن بلال» عن «شريك بن عبد الله» أنه قال: .
 في كتاب «الصلاة» عن «يحيى بن بكير» عن «الليث بن سعد» عن «يونس بن يزيد» عن «ابن شهاب الزهري» عن «أنس بن مالك» عن «أبي ذر الغفاري»: .
 جاء في صحيح مسلم على وجهين:
 أن «شيبان بن فروخ» حدّث عن «حماد بن سلمة» عن «ثابت البناني» عن «أنس بن مالك» أن: ، وقال أنس: . كما أورد الحاكم هذه الرواية بنصّها في كتابه المستدرك على الصحيحين في باب تفسير سورة الشرح، وابن حنبل في مسنده في «مسند أنس بن مالك».
 أن «حرملة بن يحيى التجيبي» حدّث عن «عبد الله بن وهب» عن «يونس بن يزيد» عن «ابن شهاب الزهري» عن «أنس بن مالك» عن «أبي ذر الغفاري»: .
 جاء في سنن الترمذي في كتاب «تفسير القرآن» في باب «ومن سورة ألم نشرح» عن «محمد بن بشار» عن «محمد بن جعفر» و«ابن أبي عدي» عن «سعيد بن أبي عروبة» عن «قتادة بن دعامة» عن «أنس بن مالك» عن «مالك بن صعصعة» أن النبي محمد قال: .
 جاء في سنن النسائي في «كتاب الصلاة»، وفي مسند أحمد في «مسند الشاميين» حديث «يعقوب بن إبراهيم الدروقي» عن «يحيى بن سعيد القطان» عن «هشام الدستوائي» عن «قتادة» عن «أنس بن مالك» عن «مالك بن صعصعة» أن النبي محمد قال: .

زمان ومكان حادثة شق الصدر

نظرًا لتعدد أوجه رواية حديث شق الصدر، فقد رجح علماء الحديث والسيرة النبوية أن تلك الحادثة وقعت للنبي محمد عدة مرات. فمن روايات الحديث، اختُلف تحديد موضع وزمن حدوث الحدث، فقد جاءت على هذه الأوجه:
 أن الحادثة وقعت للنبي محمد، وهو صغير في ديار بني سعد بن هوازن في فترة الرضاع التي قضاها النبي محمد في بادية بني سعد، كحديث أنس بن مالك الذي جاء في صحيح مسلم ومسند أحمد.
 أن الحادثة وقعت عند البيت الحرام في مكة قبيل رحلة الإسراء والمعراج كما في حديثي البخاري في صحيحه في كتابي «مناقب الأنصار» و«بدء الخلق» وحديثي الترمذي والنسائي في سننهما.
 أن الحادثة وقعت قبل أن يوحى إلى النبي محمد في مكة عند البيت الحرام كما في حديث البخاري في كتاب «التوحيد».
 أن الحادثة وقعت في بيت النبي محمد في مكة قبل رحلة الإسراء والمعراج مباشرة كما في حديث البخاري في كتاب «الصلاة»، وحديث مسلم عن أبي ذر.

الحادثة بين التصديق والإنكار
يرى أهل الحديث النبوي من أهل السنة والجماعة أن أحاديث شق صدر النبي محمد برواياتها المختلفة صحيحه، فقد أوردها البخاري ومسلم وابن حبان في كتب الصحيح، وأوردها النسائي والترمذي في سننهما، وأحمد في مسنده. كما صححها الألباني، وذكر الأرنؤوط أن إسنادها صحيح على شرط الشيخين. وقد استدل بها بعض أهل التفسير في تفسيرهم لآية:  كما فعل الترمذي في سننه، والحاكم النيسابوري في كتابه «المستدرك على الصحيحين» إلا أنها كانت أيضًا مجال لاستنكار بعض علماء المسلمين قديمًا وحديثًا. وقد أشار الفخر الرازي لهذا الخلاف في تفسيره لسورة الشرح في التفسير الكبير حيث قال: .

آراء المؤيدين لصحة أحاديث شق الصدر
عدّ بعض أهل التفسير تلك الحادثة من الدلائل الإعجازية على نبوة النبي محمد، فقد قال ابن حجر العسقلاني في كتابه «فتح الباري - شرح صحيح البخاري» أنه: . ونقل عن ابن أبي جمرة قوله أن: . بينما ذهب البعض الآخر من أهل التفسير كالبغوي وابن كثير والطبري في تفسير هذه الآية أن الشرح المعني في تلك الآية ليس شرحًا عُضويًّا بشق الصدر، وإنما انشراحًا معنويًا للصدر مما أثقله من هموم.

وقد عارض ابن حجر العسقلاني سابقيه من المُشككين في صحة وقوع الحادثة، فقال: . كما دافع محمد أبو شهبة عن التشكيك في تكرار الحادثة عدة مرات، فقال: .

آراء المشككين في صحة أحاديث شق الصدر
على النقيض، استبعد البعض حديثًا صحة متن الحديث، واعتبروا أن فيه علة قادحة. فقد استنكر محمد الغزالي مسألة شق الصدر لاستخراج علقة من قلب النبي محمد، فقال في كتابه «فقه السيرة»: . كما تناول محمد حسين هيكل في كتابه «حياة محمد» مسألة شق الصدر في بادية بني سعد، فقال: .

هوامش
  الظئر: هي المرأة المُرْضِعة لولد غيرها. مما يعني أن المقصود بأمه في الرواية حليمة السعدية.
  إميل درمنجم Émile Dermenghem:  (1892 - 1971) صحفي وأمين مكتبة فرنسي، اهتم في بعض كتاباته بالدراسات الإسلامية وله فيها كتب «حياة المسلمين القديسين» (1943)، و«ملاحظات عن القيم الدائمة والحالية للحضارة الإسلامية: شهادة عن الإسلام» (1947)، و«حياة محمد» (1950)، و«محمد والتقاليد الإسلامية: ببليوغرافيا» (1956)

مراجع

محمد

حادثة شق الصدر


An Rapatea fanshawei in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Bassett Maguire. An Rapatea fanshawei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rapatea, ngan familia nga Rapateaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 R. f. fanshawei
 R. f. minor

Mga kasarigan

Rapatea

Rapatea fanshawei


Crkva sv. Mihovila u mjestu Grohotama, općina i otok Šolta, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Crkva sv. Mihovila nalazi se u šoltanskom polju. Lokalitet sv. Mihovil prvi se put spominje u dokumentima 1398.g. Crkva je sagrađena u romaničko-gotičkom slogu. Uokolo crkve je groblje ograđeno kamenim zidom. Crkva je jednobrodna s polukružnom apsidom, pravilno orijentirana. Građena je od nepravilno klesanog kamena. Dvostrešni krov ima pokrov od kamenih ploča. Na glavnom pročelju je jednostavan ulaz s nadvratnikom na kojem je urezan križ, iznad je polukružna luneta s lukom zidanim od dugih uskih kamenova. U unutrašnjosti su sačuvane srednjovjekovne freske u gotičkom stilu, lokalnog i pučkog karaktera. Crkva sv. Mihovila najstarija je sačuvana crkva na Šolti.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-5061 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Mihovil, Grihote
Građevine u Grohotama
Grohote

Crkva sv. Mihovila u Grohotama


Visbur o Wisbur (n. 319) (nórdico antiguo: Hijo legítimo) fue un rey vikingo legendario de Suecia de la Casa de Yngling. Hijo y sucesor de Vanlandi. Murió quemado en el interior de su hacienda por dos de sus propios hijos en venganza por repudiar a su madre y negar su herencia. Le sucedió su hijo Domalde. Su figura protohistórica aparece en la saga Ynglinga, Ynglingatal e Historia Norwegiæ.

Íslendingabók cita una línea de descendencia en Ynglingatal y menciona a Visburr como sucesor de Vanlandi y predecesor de Dómaldr: vi Vanlandi. vii Visburr. viii Dómaldr.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Nerman, B. Det svenska rikets uppkomst. Stockholm, 1925.

Enlaces externos
 La Saga de los Ynglings y la Heimskringla en «Kulturformidlingen norrøne tekster og kvad». (en inglés y noruego)

Reyes vikingos legendarios de Suecia

Visbur


İcazet (Arapça: الإِجازَهْ ijazah), "diploma" anlamına gelen bir terimdir.

İlk defa 9. yüzyılda kullanıldığı bilinen ve ilk akademik derece olarak kabul edilmektedir. 9. yüzyılda, Medrese, Cami ve Bimaristan (Tıbbi okul) gibi yükseköğretim kurumlarının diploması olarak kullanıldı. Bunun yanı sıra devlet bünyesinde olmamakla beraber, devletin çalışmalarına izin verdiği yöresel medreselerde ders veren müderrislerin talebelerine verdikleri bir başarı ve artık ders verebilecek seviyeye geldiğini gösterir belge de icazet olarak bilinmektedir. Tabii ki, bu türden olanların devlet kademelerinde herhangi bir geçerliliği olmayıp, sadece manevi bir değer ifade etmektedir.

Tanım
Aynı zamanda yaygın kullanılan bir dinî terimdir ve özellikle tasavvuf kültürü içerisinde daha özelleşmiş bir anlama sahiptir. Bir sanat dalında yetiştiğine, eserlerine kendi imzasını atabileceğine dair hocası tarafından "hatt-ı icaze" ile yazılan yazı.Osmanlı döneminde her nevi iş ve sanatdalında ustalık vasfı kazananlara verilen "bu işi hakkı ile yapabilir" nişanı.İcazet tasavvuf litaratüründe de yerlesmistir.Bir Tarikatte,Mürşit'in tasavvuf alanında yetiştirdiği ve Allah tarafından Manen Mürşit'e derviş için Halifelik müsaadesi verildiğine inanılması, mürşidin mürid ya da derviş'e gerek sözlü ya da yazılı verdiği izin.

Tasavvuf terimleri
Arap icatları
Hadis terminolojisi

İcazet


To the Top ist das erste Studioalbum des deutschen Sängers Ardian Bujupi. Es wurde am 9. Dezember 2011 im deutschsprachigen Raum veröffentlicht. Für das Album hat Luis Baltes Songs geschrieben. Das Album wurde von UNIK, Hitimpulse, Kolja Dominiak, Fonty, Sebastian Henzl und Bujupi produziert. Am 23. Dezember 2011 stieg es in den deutschen Albumcharts auf Platz 75 ein. In der Schweiz stieg To the Top am 8. Januar 2012 ein und erreichte Platz 98. In beiden Ländern hielt sich das Album eine Woche in den Musikcharts.

Titelliste

Singleauskopplungen
Bujupis Debütsingle This Is My Time sollte ursprünglich Anfang August erscheinen. Jedoch verschob sich die Veröffentlichung aufgrund von Vertragsverhandlungen. Die Single erschien am 11. November 2011. Komponiert und produziert wurde die Single von Rocko. Auf der Single sind neben der Original-Version zusätzlich ein Club-Mix, eine Instrumental-Version und der Video-Edit enthalten. Die Single stieg auf Platz 40 in den deutschen, auf Platz 44 in den Schweizer und auf Platz 69 in den österreichischen Singlecharts ein. Ardian Bujupi präsentierte den Song am 30. November 2011 bei The Dome 60. Später wurde Rise to the Top als Download veröffentlicht, erreichte aber keine Chartplatzierung.

Quellen
 http://www.amazon.de/Top-Ardian-Bujupi/dp/B0067SXHVS/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1330198313&sr=8-1
 http://itunes.apple.com/de/album/to-the-top-deluxe-edition/id484030610
 http://www.cdstarts.de/kritiken/109093-Ardian-Bujupi-To-The-Top.html
 http://www.cd-bewertungen.de/reviews/dance/kritik-to-the-top-von-ardian-bujupi/
 http://www.rtl.de/cms/unterhaltung/musik/ardian-bujupi-1d387-a0c0-31-967955.html

Album (Pop)
Album 2011

To the Top


An Tillandsia caerulea in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carl Sigismund Kunth. An Tillandsia caerulea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Tillandsia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Tillandsia

Tillandsia caerulea


Le commerce en droiture désigne le commerce effectué par bateau en ligne directe entre l'Europe et ses colonies, sans passer par l'Afrique pour s'approvisionner en esclaves, comme dans le cas du commerce triangulaire.

Le commerce en droiture qui rapporte en Europe les denrées coloniales produites par les esclaves, est intrinsèquement lié au système esclavagiste dans son ensemble, dans la mesure où il contribue largement à l'augmentation des besoins en main-d'œuvre servile dans les plantations.

Description
Contrairement au commerce triangulaire ou , fondé sur la traite des noirs, le commerce en droiture est beaucoup moins risqué. Les voyages sont plus courts : , quand un voyage de traite durait . Cela représente une immobilisation financière moindre et demande donc une mise de fonds moins importante. Le commerce en droiture évite aussi les risques de naufrage sur les côtes africaines, les révoltes d'esclaves, et un taux de mortalité plus élevé des équipages.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

 Commerce triangulaire

Histoire de l'esclavage
Colonisation des Amériques

Commerce en droiture


Steaua KEȚ () este un roman științifico-fantastic de Aleksandr Beleaev. Romanul a fost scris și tipărit în 1936 și publicat pentru prima oară în revista Vokrug sveta (nr. 2-11/1936). Aceasta este una dintre primele lucrări ale ficțiunii sovietice despre explorarea spațiului cosmic. Romanul este dedicat lui Konstantin Eduardovici Țiolkovski, ale cărui inițiale au devenit numele stației spațiale orbitale.

Fundal
În 1935-1938, Beleaev a locuit cu familia sa în Leningrad. Boala sa a progresat și pentru o lungă perioadă de timp nu s-a dat jos din pat. În 1936, s-a dus la tratament în Ievpatoria, Crimeea. Cu toate acestea, fiind într-o astfel de stare, el a scris despre univers: astfel au apărut romanele Steaua KEȚ și Săritura în neant - unele din primele opere SF sovietice despre explorarea spațiului (ambele dedicate lui Țiolkovski).

Prezentare

Traduceri în limba română
 Steaua KEȚ (1936), traducere de M. Cardaș și V. Bîrlădeanu. Publicat în  Aleksandr Beleaev - Steaua KEȚ, Opere alese II, Editura Tineretului, București, 1963.

Note

Legături externe
Steaua KEȚ la fantlab.ru

Vezi și
1936 în literatură
Lista volumelor publicate în Colecția SF (Editura Tineretului)
 Opowieści o pilocie Pirxie (Povestiri ale pilotului Pirx) de Stanisław Lem -  colecție de povestiri SF asemănătoare ca temă

Romane din 1936
Romane științifico-fantastice
Romane rusești
Romane sovietice
Romane de Aleksandr Beleaev
Stații spațiale fictive
1936 în științifico-fantastic

Steaua KEȚ


William Conrad "Buzz" Schneider (* 14. September 1954 in Grand Rapids, Minnesota) ist ein ehemaliger US-amerikanischer Eishockeyspieler. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1980 gewann er als Mitglied der US-amerikanischen Nationalmannschaft die Goldmedaille.

Karriere
Buzz Schneider begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler an der University of Minnesota, für deren Eishockeymannschaft er von 1973 bis 1975 am Spielbetrieb der National Collegiate Athletic Association teilnahm. Mit seiner Mannschaft gewann er 1974 und 1975 jeweils den Meistertitel der Western Collegiate Hockey Association sowie 1974 zusätzlich den Meistertitel der NCAA. In der Saison 1975/76 nahm er mit dem Team USA an dessen Olympiavorbereitung teil. Den Großteil der Saison 1976/77 verbrachte der Flügelspieler bei den Hampton Gulls aus der Southern Hockey League. Für die Mannschaft erzielte er in 42 Spielen 36 Scorerpunkte, davon 14 Tore. Zudem kam er in dieser Spielzeit zu einigen Einsätzen für die Birmingham Bulls aus der World Hockey Association, die Springfield Indians aus der American Hockey League sowie die Oklahoma City Blazers aus der Central Hockey League. Von 1977 bis 1979 war er Stammspieler bei den Milwaukee Admirals aus der International Hockey League, ehe er während der Saison 1979/80 erneut mit dem Team USA an der Vorbereitung für die Olympischen Winterspiele teilnahm. Zuletzt spielte er von 1980 bis 1983 für den SC Bern in der Schweizer Nationalliga A, ehe er seine Karriere bereits im Alter von 28 Jahren beendete.

International
Für die USA nahm Schneider an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1976 in Innsbruck und 1980 in Lake Placid teil, wobei er 1980 mit seiner Mannschaft die Goldmedaille gewann. Zudem stand er im Aufgebot seines Landes bei der B-Weltmeisterschaft 1974 sowie den A-Weltmeisterschaften 1975, 1976 und 1982.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1974 MacNaughton-Cup-Gewinn mit der University of Minnesota
 1974 NCAA-Division-I-Championship mit der University of Minnesota
 1975 MacNaughton-Cup-Gewinn mit der University of Minnesota

International
 1974 Aufstieg in die A-Weltmeisterschaft bei der B-Weltmeisterschaft
 1980 Goldmedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Vereinigte Staaten)
Eishockeyspieler (Minnesota Golden Gophers)
Eishockeyspieler (Springfield Indians, 1975–1994)
Eishockeyspieler (Birmingham Bulls, WHA)
Eishockeyspieler (Oklahoma City Blazers, 1973–1977)
Eishockeyspieler (Milwaukee Admirals, IHL)
Eishockeyspieler (SC Bern)
Olympiasieger (Eishockey)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1976
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1980
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1954
Mann

Buzz Schneider


Kriza, kad se radi o nacionalnoj sigurnosti, predstavlja događaj ili stanje koje ugrožava nacionalnu sigurnost, zdravlje i život građana, znatno narušava okoliš ili uzrokuje znatnu gospodarsku štetu, a odgovor na takav događaj ili stanje zahtijeva koordiniranu akciju više državnih tijela te usklađenu primjenu mjera iz nadležnosti tih tijela.

Izvori

Nacionalna sigurnost

Kriza (nacionalna sigurnost)


كانت تراودل يونغه  (وُلدت في 16 مارس 1920 - 10 فبراير 2002) - اسمها الأصلي غيرتراود هومبس  - أصغر سكرتيرات هتلر الشخصيات منذ ديسمبر 1942 حتى أبريل 1945.

بداية حياتها

وُلدت غيرتراود في ميونخ (بافاريا)، لصانع خمور وملازم في جيش الاحتياط، ماكس هومبس وزوجته هيلديغارد (ولدت باسم زوتمان). ولها أخت اسمه انغه وُلدت عام 1923.

وقصة حياتها منشورة في كتاب حتى الساعة الأخيرة الذي كتبته غيرتراود (تراودل) مع ميليسا مولر وفيه قصة طفولتها حتى بداية عملها مع هتلر مكتوبة في الفصل الأول من الكتاب.

وفي نوفمبر 1942 كُلفت يونغه بالعمل كسكرتيرة خاصة بالزعيم أدولف هتلر.

العمل مع هتلر

هذا ماقلته يونغه بعد عشرات السنين، كما أنها قالت أيضاً أنها لديها شعور عظيم بالذنب «لأنها قد راق لها أكبر مجرم وُجد في هذا العالم».

وقالت يونغه «أنا أعترف أنني كنت معجبة بهتلر، فقد كان العمل معه ممتعاً كما كان يعاملني كأني ابنته. وتجاهلت كل التحذيرات داخلي وتمتعت بصحبته حتى النهاية الحزينة. ولم يكن ما يعجبني هو ما يقوله، بل طريقته في الكلام وطريقته في العمل».

وبتشجيع من هتلر تزوجت يونغه من ضابط وحدات النخبة النازية هانز هيرمان يونغه (1914 - 1944) في يناير 1943 الذي مات في القتال. وعملت بجانب هتلر في برلين، في برغوف في بريتشسغادين، في وكر الذئب في شرق بروسيا ثم رجعت في النهاية معه إلى برلين.

وقالت أن هتلر لم يكن يحب قطف الورود لأنه لم برد أن يكون «مُحاطاً بالجثث». وقالت أيضاً أنه في آخر أيامه كان يقضي وقته شارداً وكان قليل الكلام.

برلين 1945

وفي 1945، كانت يونغه مع هتلر في برلين. وكتبت وصيته الأخيرة في قبو الفوهرر قبل انتحاره بيوم ونصف. وكتبت يونغه انها بينما كانت يتلعب مع أولاد غوبلز في 30 أبريل، «و فجأة... سمعنا صوت طلقة، عالية الصوت وقريبة جداً. فغمرنا السكون. وتردد صداها في كل الغرف. وصرخ هيلموت بن غوبلز» اصابة مباشرة!«بدون أن يعلم كم كان محقاً، لقد مات الفوهرر.»

وفي 1 مايو، غادرت يونغه قبو الفوهرر مع مجموعة يقودها لواء وحدات النخبة النازية فيلهلم مونكه. وكان معنا طيار هتلر الخاص هانز باور، قائد حرس هتلر الخاص هانز راتينهوبر، سكرتيرته غيردا كريشتيان، السكرتيرة إلسه كروغر، طباخ هتلر كونشتانزه مانزيارلي ودكتور إرنست-كونتر شينك. وفي صباح 2 مايو، وجد الجنود السوفيت بقايا مجموعتنا مختبئة في قبو شونهاوزر إليه.

بعد الحرب

سجنت يونغه لسنوات «كسجين شخصي» لرائد سوفيتي.  ولكنها لا تذكر أي شيء عن محاولات اغتصاب في مذكراتها الشخصية. وبعد أن قضت سنوات سجنها في معسكر سوفيتي، رجعت لألمانيا للعمل كسكرتيرة.

ولم تكن يونغه معروفة خارج الأوساط الأكاديمية أو الاستخباراتية بعد انتهاء الحرب. وباستثناء ظهورها في فيلم وثائقي اسمه العالم في حرب عام 1974، فإنها عاشت مغمورة إلى حد ما. وقضت بعض الوقت في النمسا عند أختها الصغري التي تعيش هناك.

ورجعت إلى الشهرة مرة أخرى عند نشرها لمذكراتها حتى الساعة الأخيرة (2002، كتبته بالاشتراك مع ميليسا مولر)، الذي حكت فيه عن عملها مع هتلر. كما تم استضافتها في فيلم وثائقي عام 2002 اسمه منطقة مجهولة: سكرتيرة هتلر. مما أعطاها بعض الشهرة والاهتمام العام لبضع أيام حتى أصبحت تقريباً من النجوم ولكنها لم تتمتع بهذه النجومية كثيراً لأنها ماتت في مستشفى ميونخ عن عمر 81 عاماً.

وتوفت يونغه بسبب السرطان في ميونخ في 10 فبراير 2002. وقبل موتها بقليل قيل أنها قالت «الآن بعد أن تركت قصتي استطيع أن اترك حياتي.»

اقتباسات عنها

انظر أيضًا
 النساء في عهد ألمانيا النازية

روابط خارجية

مراجع

كتاب من ميونخ
أدولف هتلر
أشخاص من ميونخ
ألمان في الحرب العالمية الثانية
المرأة في الحرب العالمية الثانية
كاتبات ألمانيات في القرن 21
مواليد 1920
وفيات 2002
وفيات السرطان في ألمانيا
وفيات بسبب سرطان الرئة
أمناء إلى أدولف هتلر
وفيات بعمر 81

تراودل يونغه


Araucanía (Araukanya) Şili'nin 15 idari bölgesinden biridir. IX Región ("9. Bölge") olarak da bilinir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Araukanya ve Patagonya Krallığı

Notlar

Dış bağlantılar
 Araucanía fotoğraf galerisi

Araucanía bölgesi


An Ficinia borealis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Kaare Arnstein Lye. An Ficinia borealis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ficinia, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ethiopia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ficinia

Ficinia borealis


Northwood is a Canadian teen drama television series created by Nick Orchard. It centres on the lives of teenagers living in the eponymous fictional North Vancouver suburb. It ran on the CBC from March 4, 1991 to January 15, 1994.

Most initial reviews of the series were mixed, with criticism given to its excessive melodrama, lack of comic relief, and production values, though praise was given to the acting performances. Having replaced Degrassi High in its time slot, Northwood also drew multiple comparisons to the outgoing show. As it progressed, reviews became more positive.

A soundtrack album, Let It Be Me, was released in 1992. It is composed of adult contemporary covers by cast members of the show.

Cast

 Lochlyn Munro as Jason Williams
 Brigitta Dau as Maria Giovanni
 Byron Lucas as Kirk Huber
 Trevor Hughes as Peter Anderson
 Tasmin Jones as Karin Anderson
 Darrell Dennis as Brian Potter
 Maggie Blue O'Hara as Nicole Williams
 Gabe Khouth as Michael Thomas
 Deanna Milligan as Jennifer McBride

Reception
Those involved with the show, including creator Nick Orchard and actor Lochlyn Munro, stated it to be "grittier" and "meatier" than the outgoing Degrassi High, of which Northwood replaced in the 8:30pm Monday timeslot. Despite this, most early reviews of Northwood were mixed, with negative reviews drawing comparisons to Degrassi. Bob Remington of the Edmonton Journal rated it two stars and criticized what he felt to be the excessively melodramatic and humourless behavior of its characters, although he acknowledged the actors' competence. He also referred to Degrassi character Joey Jeremiah multiple times as an example of comic relief that he felt Northwood lacked. Janice Kennedy, writing for the Calgary Herald, was more lenient in her criticism, saying that while the show cut corners and fell into soap opera cliches unlike Degrassi, it boasted "solid acting" and "credible portrayal" from its actors, and stated that it had potential if it evolved beyond its trappings. Tony Atherton of the Ottawa Citizen, while also giving it a mixed review, rejected the Degrassi comparisons.

Mike Boone, writing for the Montreal Gazette, gave a more positive review, stating the show set itself apart from others because of its characters' "quintessential Canadian stoicism and unhipness", and praised the "strong cast of gifted young actors". Similarly, The StarPhoenix's Erica Smishek opined: "Strong performances by a well-rounded cast, effective location shooting and a grainy visual quality enhance the gritty appeal of Northwood. Now all its creators need is an audience for the six-episode test run.".

Streaming

In 2019, the series was made available for free on Canada Media Fund's Encore+ YouTube channel. The channel shut down on November 30, 2022.

References

External links

1991 Canadian television series debuts
1994 Canadian television series endings
1990s Canadian teen drama television series
CBC Television original programming
North Vancouver (city)
West Vancouver
Television series about teenagers
Television shows set in British Columbia
Television shows filmed in British Columbia

Northwood (TV series)


الخشخاش اسم قد يطلق على مجموعة من النباتات المزهرة من الفصيلة الخشخاشية. الخشخاش نباتات عشبية، وغالبًا ما تزرع لجمال ألوان أزهارها. أحد أنواع الخشخاش هو الخشخاش المنوم، وهو مصدر لمخدر الأفيون الذي يحتوي على قلويدات طبية قوية مثل المورفين واستخدمت منذ العصور القديمة باعتبارها مسكن ومخدر طبي أو :استعمال العقاقير الاستجمامي. كما انها تنتج بذور صالحة للأكل. خلال حرب الخنادق في حقول الخشخاش في فلاندرز اثناء الحرب العالمية الأولى، أصبح الخشخاش رمزًا لإحياء ذكرى الجنود الذين قد توفوا أثناء الحرب.

الوصف
الخشخاش هي نباتات عشبية حولية، أو ثنائية الحول ومن الممكن ان يكون من النباتات المعمرة قصيرة الاجل. بعض الأنواع تكون أحادية الإزهار وتموت بعدما تزهر. قد يصل طول نبات الخشخاش إلى أكثر من متر وتصل زهورها إلى حوالي 15 سنتيمترا. الزهور ذوات الانواع تملك 4 إلى 6 بتلات، وتتشكل السدادات في منتصف الزهرة على شكل لولبي واضح ومبيض يتكون من كربلتان فأكثر ملتحمه مع بعضها لبعض. وتكون البتلات مبهرجة، وقد تكون بأي لون من الالوان وبعضها تملك علاماتٍ عليها، وتكون البتلات مفتته داخل البرعم وحالما تزهر، تستلقي البتلات بشكل مسطح قبل أنت تسقط بعيداً. في المناطق المعتدلة، يزهر الخشخاش من الربيع إلى أوائل الصيف. معظم أنواع الخشخاش تفرز مادة اللاتكس عندما تصاب. يستعمل النحل الخشخاش كمصدر لحبوب اللقاح.حبوب اللقاح القادمة من الخشخاش الشرقي, تكون زرقاء داكنة، وخشخاش الحقول والذرة (الخشخاش المنثور) تكون ذات لون رمادي مائل للأخضر الداكن. وخشخاش الأفيون أو الخشخاش المنوم, ينمو في البرية جنوب وشرق آسيا، وجنوب شرق أوروبا. كما يعتقد أنه نشأ في منطقة البحر الأبيض المتوسط.

الاستخدامات

معظم أنواع زهور الخشخاش جذابة وتزرع على نطاق واسع كنباتات زينة سنوية أو معمرة. وقد نتج عن هذا عدد من الأصناف المهمة تجاريًا، مثل خشخاش شيرلي، وهو صنف من أنواع نباتات بابافيه (Papaver rhoeas), وأشكال شبه مزدوجة أو مزدوجة (بلينا فلور) من خشخاش الأفيون (Papaver somniferum) والخشخاش الشرقي (Papaver orientale). تزرع اجناس أخرى من الخشخاش أيضًَا في الحدائق. بعض الأنواع لها استخدامات أخرى، حيث تعد مصدراً للأدوية والأطعمة. يزرع خشخاش الأفيون على نطاق واسع ويتم مراقبة إنتاجه في جميع أنحاء العالم من قبل الوكالات الدولية. يتم استخدامه لإنتاج اللاتكس المجفف والأفيون، والسلائف الرئيسية للأفيونيات المخدرة والمسكنة مثل المورفين والهيروين والكوديين. بذور الخشخاش غنية بالزيت والكربوهيدرات والكالسيوم والبروتين. غالبًا ما يستخدم زيت الخشخاش كزيت للطبخ أو زيت صلصة للسلطة أو في منتجات مثل السمن النباتي. يمكن أيضًا إضافة زيت الخشخاش إلى التوابل الخاصة بالكعك أو الخبز. تستخدم منتجات الخشخاش أيضًا في الدهانات والطلاء وبعض مستحضرات التجميل المختلفة.

الدواء
كان الأطباء المصريون القدماء يحثون مرضاهم على تناول بذورالخشخاش لتخفيف الألم. حيث تحتوي بذور الخشخاش على كميات صغيرة من المورفين والكوديين على حد سواء، وهي أدوية تخفف الألم ولا تزال تستخدم حتى يومنا هذا. يمكن أن تكون بذور الخشخاش والزيوت الثابتة أيضًا غير مخدرة لأنه عندما يتم حصادها بعد عشرين يومًا من فتح الزهرة، فإن المورفين لم يعد له وجود.

الإعلان
أستخدم Grupo Modelo، صناع بيرة كورونا في المكسيك، أزهار الخشخاش الحمراء في معظم صورها الإعلانية حتى الستينات.

يستخدم الخشخاش الاصطناعي (يسمى «خشخاش الرفقاء») في حملة مساعدة المحاربين القدامى من قبل قدامى المحاربين في الحروب الخارجية، والتي توفر الأموال للمحاربين القدماء الذين يقومون بتجميع الخشخاش وبرامج المساعدات المختلفة للمحاربين القدامى وأسرهم.

العملة
وضعت زهرة الخشخاش خلف الاوراق النقدية شمال مقدونيا من فية الخمس مئة دينار الصادرة في عامي 1996 و 2003. الخشخاش جزء من شعار النبالة في شمال مقدونيا.

أصدرت كندا عملة خاصة (25 سنتاً معدنية) حيث ظهر الخشخاش في الاتجاه المعاكس من العملة المعدنية في 2004 و 2008 و 2010. كانت العملة المعدنية الكندية من فئة الربع والتي تحتوي على صورة خشخاش في 2004 أول عملة معدنية ملونة في العالم.

الأسماء
اسم الفتاة المعطى "Poppy" مأخوذ من اسم زهرة الخشخاش.

الرمزية
يستخدم الخشخاش منذ قديم الزمان كرمز للنوم والسلام والموت، النوم لأن الأفيون المستخرج منها مهدئ، والموت بسبب اللون الأحمر الدموي المشترك للخشخاش الأحمر بشكل خاص. في الأساطير اليونانية والرومانية، تم استخدام الخشخاش كقربان للموتى. يرمز الخشخاش المستخدم كشعارات على شواهد القبور إلى النوم الأبدي. وقد استحضر هذا الرمز في رواية الأطفال " ساحر أوز المدهش"، حيث هدد حقل خشخاش سحري بجعل أبطال الرواية ينامون إلى الأبد. التفسير الثاني للخشخاش في الأساطير الكلاسيكية هو أن اللون القرمزي الساطع يدل على وعد بالبعث بعد الموت.

يعتبر الخشخاش المنثور ( :خشخاش منثور)، وخشخاش الذرة الحمراء المزهرة كخشخاش ذكرى الحروب. يعد هذا الخشخاش من الحشائش الشائعة في أوروبا وتوجد في العديد من المواقع، بما في ذلك فلاندرز، التي تعد البيئة المحيطة في القصيدة الشهيرة «في حقول فلاندرز» من قبل الجراح والجندي الكندي جون مكراي. في كندا والمملكة المتحدة والولايات المتحدة وأستراليا وجنوب أفريقيا ونيوزيلندا، يتم ارتداء الخشخاش الاصطناعي (البلاستيك في كندا، الورق في المملكة المتحدة، أستراليا، جنوب إفريقيا، مالطا ونيوزيلندا) لإحياء ذكرى أولئك الذين ماتوا في الحرب. يرتبط هذا الشكل من الاحتفال بيوم الذكرى، الذي يصادف 11 نوفمبر. في كندا وأستراليا والمملكة المتحدة، غالبًا ما يتم ارتداء الخشخاش من بداية نوفمبر حتى الحادي عشر من نوفمبر أو يوم الأحد الخاص بالذكرى إذا كان ذلك في موعد لاحق. في نيوزيلندا وأستراليا، يتم إحياء ذكرى الجنود في يوم أنزاك (ANZAC Day) (في الخامس والعشرين من أبريل)، على الرغم من أن الخشخاش لا يزال يرتدي عادة حول يوم الذكرى. كان ارتداء الخشخاش عادة منذ عام 1924 في الولايات المتحدة. تنسب خشخاش الذكرى للسيدة موين مايكل حيث انها أول من استعمل الخشخاش كرمز للذكرى في الولايات المتحدة.

يعد وبشكل غير رسمي، الخشخاش الاحمر المزهر الزهرة الوطنية للألبان في ألبانيا وكوسوفو وأماكن أخرى. ويرجع ذلك إلى ألوانه الحمراء والسوداء، مثل ألوان علم ألبانيا.

كما ان خشخاش كاليفورنيا، إيششولزيا كاليفورنيا، يعتبر كزهرة ولاية كاليفورنيا.

استعملت رمزية الخشخاش المنوم (Papaver rhoeas) من قبل العديد من حملات الدعوة، مثل حملة الخشخاش الأبيض، وحملة الخشخاش الأسود التي بدأها سيمون توبينغ.

التاريخ والتأثير
رُوض الخشخاش المنوم من قبل السكان الأصليين في أوروبا الغربية والوسطى بين عامي 6000 و 3500 قبل الميلاد. ومع ذلك، يعتقد أن أصوله قد تأتي من الشعب السومري، حيث تم التعرف على أول استخدام للأفيون. شق الخشخاش والأفيون طريقهم في جميع أنحاء العالم بمحاذاة طريق الحرير. تم اكتشاف قطع صغيرة تشبه قرون بذور الخشخاش بكميات ضئيلة من الأفيون وأستعملت الزهرة في المجوهرات وعلى القطع الفنية في مصر، بتاريخ 1550-1292 ق.م

تم القضاء على زراعة الخشخاش في أوائل القرن العشرين من خلال مؤتمرات دولية بسبب المخاوف المتعلقة بالسلامة المرتبطة بإنتاج الأفيون. في سبعينيات القرن العشرين، استهدفت الحرب الأمريكية على المخدرات الإنتاج التركي للخشخاش، مما أدى إلى رأي عام سلبي جداً في الولايات المتحدة

المعرض

انظر أيضًا
 في حقول فلاندرز
 مكتب الأمم المتحدة المعني بالمخدرات والجريمة

المراجع

أسماء مألوفة للنباتات
خشخاشاوات
رموز

خشخاش (مجموعة نباتات)


Stina Lykke Petersen Borg (født 9. februar 1986) er en kvindelig dansk fodboldspiller, målmand, der spiller for 1. divisionsklubben HB Køge. Hun stoppede i 2018 sin aktive karriere for Danmarks kvindefodboldlandshold og spillede senest for den danske klub Kolding Q.

Hun genoptog kort sin fodboldkarriere i juni 2020 hvor hun skrev under med HB Køge.

Karriere

Klub
Lykke Petersen startede med at spille fodbold som fem år gammel i sin hjemby Højby. I 2007 gik hun på Rollins College i Florida og spillede NCAA college soccer.

Efter en successful EM 2013 turnering med Danmark, sikrede Lykke Petersen sig en transfer fra Brøndby til FCR 2001 Duisburg. Hun havde vundet tre Elitedivisionen titler og fire DBU pokalturneringer i sin tid hos Brøndby. I 2016 skiftede Lykke Petersen til den svenske klub Kristianstads DFF, efter at hun havde spillet i Odense de første tre kampe af den danske sæson.

I 2017 skiftede hun til KoldingQ, selv om hun havde tilbud fra udlandet. Ifølge Stina Lykke ville hun hellere spille som ulønnet målmand i Danmark end som professionel i udlandet, hvor hun kun ville have fodbolden; nu havde hun prøvet det nogle gange og trivedes ikke med det. I Danmark var hun tættere på familie og venner, og det fungerede bedre for hende. Under EM i Holland i juli og august 2017 udtalte hun til medier, at hun studerede til fysioterapeut, og at det ikke var muligt at gøre det på deltid, og at hun ikke havde nogen SU tilbage og derfor blev nødt til at have studiejob ved siden af. Under EM dækkede Dansk Boldspil-Union den tabte arbejdsfortjeneste.

Landshold

Stina Lykke blev indkaldt til Danmarks trup til EM i fodbold 2005 som en spiller, der endnu ikke havde spillet nogen A-landskamp for Danmark.

Efter at den faste landsholdsmålmand Heidi Johansen pådrog sig en knæskade, blev Stine Lykke førstevalg som målmand til EM 2013. I Danmarks åbningskamp i gruppespillet mod værterne Sverige reddede hun to straffespark i anden halvleg fra henholdsvis Lotta Schelin og Kosovare Asllani og sikrede derved uafgjort 1–1.

Danmark gik videre til kvartfinalerne, hvor de besejrede Frankrig i en straffesparkskonkurrence efter uafgjort 1–1. Stina Lykke tog Louisa Nécibs spark, efter at hun havde været nær ved at redde et straffespark under selve kampen fra samme spiller. Danmark blev slået ud i semifinalen, hvor de tabte endnu en straffesparkskonkurrence, denne gang mod Norge.

Ved EM 2017 gik Danmark videre til kvartfinalerne efter at have vundet to og tabt en kamp i det indledende gruppespil. Stina Lykke holdt målet rent i de to kampe, som Danmark vandt 1-0 mod henholdsvis Belgien og Norge. Kort før halvleg i den afgørende kamp mod Norge reddede hun et straffespark og var dermed med til at sikre Danmark en plads i kvartfinalen. DR Sportens fodboldkommentator Henrik Liniger pegede på Stina Lykke som EM-slutrundens profil:

"I en runde præget af tvivlsomt målmandsspil og deciderede drop kan man uden at blive for rød/hvid godt tillade sig at fremhæve rundens bedste målmandspræstation: Stina Lykke var sikkerheden selv og tog da også lige et straffespark."

Landsholdet endte med at tabe finalen 2-4 mod Holland og vandt derved EM-sølv.

Undervejs i kvalifikationsturneringen til VM 2019 valgte Lykke at stoppe som landsholdsspiller efter tredjesidste kamp, der blev vundet 5-1 over . Baggrunden var, at hun ikke mente, at hendes krop kunne blive ved med at holde til at spille så meget. Hun nåede at spille 83 landskampe.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Profil hos DBU

Kvindelige fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra Odense Q

Stina Lykke Borg