Medium Cool is a 1969 American drama film written and directed by Haskell Wexler and starring Robert Forster, Verna Bloom, Peter Bonerz, Marianna Hill and Harold Blankenship. It takes place in Chicago in the summer of 1968. It was notable for Wexler's use of cinéma vérité-style documentary filmmaking techniques, as well as for combining fictional and non-fictional content.

The movie was met with widespread acclaim from numerous critics, including Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel of Siskel & Ebert, both calling the movie a "well-crafted masterpiece." The movie was also named one of the greatest movies of 1969, as well as one of the most influential movies in the New Hollywood movement. Robert Forster was also met with universal acclaim for his performance.

In 2003, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

Plot
John Cassellis is a television news cameraman. He and his sound recorder dispassionately film images of car accidents rather than help the victims.
Cassellis is seemingly hardened to ethical and social issues; he is more concerned with his personal life and pursuing audience-grabbing stories. Yet once Cassellis finds out that his news station has been providing the stories and information gathered by the cameramen and news journalists to the FBI, he becomes enraged. The news station creates an excuse to fire him, but he soon finds another job free-lancing at the Democratic National Convention.

In the course of his television job, Cassellis meets Eileen, a single mother, and her son, Harold, who have moved from West Virginia to Chicago. Harold tells a woman canvassing the neighborhood that his father, Buddy, is "at Vietnam", but later tells Cassellis that he just took off one day and never came back. Eileen tells Cassellis that "Buddy is dead." Cassellis grows fond of them both, mother and son.

When Harold goes missing, Eileen goes to the site of the convention to ask Cassellis for help. She finds herself in the midst of the riots. After witnessing acts of police brutality, Eileen finds Cassellis. As they drive to an undisclosed location, unaware that Harold has returned home, Cassellis accidentally crashes the car into a tree, killing Eileen and critically injuring himself. A passing driver stops to photograph the accident, after which he leaves the heavily damaged car behind.

Cast

 Robert Forster as John Cassellis
 Verna Bloom as Eileen
 Peter Bonerz as Gus
 Marianna Hill as Ruth
 Harold Blankenship as Harold
 Charles Geary as Harold's father
 Sid McCoy as Frank Baker
 Christine Bergstrom as Dede
 Peter Boyle as Gun clinic manager
 China Lee as Roller derby patron

Production
The title comes from Marshall McLuhan's 1964 work Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, in which he described TV as a "cool" medium (the "cooler" the medium, "the more someone has to uncover and engage in the media" in order to "fill in the blanks"). The film questions the role and responsibilities of television and its newscasts.

The music in the film was assembled by guitarist Mike Bloomfield (Haskell Wexler's cousin). The film features contemporary music from the early Mothers of Invention albums by rock musician Frank Zappa, as well as the Love instrumental "Emotions" over the opening credits and as a recurring theme. Wexler has said the scene under the opening credits with the bike messenger delivering film to the television station was inspired by Jean Cocteau's film Orpheus.

Harold Blankenship, who played the young boy Harold in Medium Cool, was tracked down by filmmaker Paul Cronin (who made the documentary Look out Haskell, it's real) and appears in Cronin's film Sooner or Later. Blankenship named his first son after Haskell Wexler.

Marianna Hill's full nude scene wasn't planned but the actress explained, "Haskell was such a lovely man and I knew he couldn't cause me any harm. I would never have done that for anybody else, but he was so interested in getting to the truth of a matter, and it was really his story."

Historical context
Shot at a time of great social and political counterculture upheaval in the United States, Wexler's film reflects the nature of a country divided by issues of race, gender, poverty, crime and war. Such themes were touched upon by more mainstream films such as Getting Straight and The Strawberry Statement but Wexler's treatment was considered controversial – the Motion Picture Association of America film rating system gave it an 'X' rating. The censors "objected to the language and the nudity", Wexler said later; "What no one had the nerve to say was that it was a political 'X'". In 1970 the film was re-rated 'R'.

Critical response
Much of the critical response to Medium Cool concentrated on the revolutionary techniques of combining fact and fiction rather than the plot of the film. In his 1969 review, Roger Ebert wrote "In Medium Cool, Wexler forges back and forth through several levels...There are fictional characters in real situations...there are real characters in fictional situations". While Ebert did not find the plot to be particularly innovative, he acknowledged that Wexler purposely left it up to his audience to fill in the gaps of the romance and at the same time presented images of great political significance. Ultimately, Ebert credited Wexler with masterfully combining multiple levels of film making to create a film that is "important and absorbing". Ebert placed the film second on his list of the 10 best pictures of 1969.

In his 1969 review of the film for The New York Times, Vincent Canby credits Wexler with presenting his audience with powerful imagery through the use of documentary film techniques. He wrote that Medium Cool was "an angry, technically brilliant movie that uses some of the real events of last year the way other movies use real places — as backgrounds that are extensions of the fictional characters". Like Ebert, Canby pointed out that the political atmosphere of the film fills in the blanks left open by a relatively superficial plot. Canby noted the film's historical significance, "The result is a film of tremendous visual impact, a kind of cinematic Guernica, a picture of America in the process of exploding into fragmented bits of hostility, suspicion, fear and violence". Like Ebert, Canby felt that the real significance of the film was in its capturing of a political situation rather than its conventional success through plot and character development. Canby wrote that "Medium Cool is an awkward and even pretentious movie, but... it has an importance that has nothing to do with literature".

Film archives
A 35mm safety print is housed at the Harvard Film Archive.

Home video
Medium Cool was released to home video on May 21, 2013, by the Criterion Collection (under license from Paramount) as a Region 1 DVD and as a Region 1 Blu-Ray.

See also
 List of American films of 1969
 Prologue, a 1970 Canadian film that also blends cinéma vérité-style documentary and fiction, set against the Democratic National Convention

References

Bibliography

External links

 'Look out Haskell, it's real': The Making of Medium Cool, a 2001 documentary about Medium Cool
 Medium Cool: Preserving Disorder an essay by Thomas Beard at the Criterion Collection

1969 films
1969 drama films
American political drama films
Films directed by Haskell Wexler
Films about journalists
Films about television
Films set in Chicago
Films shot in Chicago
1969 independent films
United States National Film Registry films
Films set in 1968
Films about elections
1968 Democratic National Convention
American neo-noir films
1960s English-language films
1960s American films

Medium Cool


Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer (, 21. svibnja 1960. – Portage, Wisconsin, 28. studenoga 1994.) bio je zloglasni američki višestruki ubojica.

Tijekom 70-ih, 80-ih i 90-ih godina dvadesetog stoljeća počinio je veći broj ubojstva i silovanja. Tijekom svojih zločina također je činio djela nekrofilije, kanibalizma i trajnog čuvanja dijelova tijela svojih žrtava. Za svoje zločine Dahmer je 15. veljače 1992. osuđen na petnaest doživotnih kazni u zatvoru.  Nakon otkrivanja dodatnih ubojstava koje je počinio u Ohiju tijekom 1978. godine osuđen je na šesnaestu doživotnu kaznu. Dana 28. studenoga 1994. godine u zatvoru ga je ubio drugi zatvorenik.

Modus operandi
Svih 17 žrtava Dahmerovih ubojstava uglavnom su bili dječaci, adolescenti ili odrasli, uglavnom homoseksualci afroameričkog ili azijskog porijekla. Serijski ubojica namamio bi ih blizu mjesta gdje se susreću homoseksualci pretvarajući se da je fotograf koji traži modele, pod izlikom gledanja pornografskih filmova i zajedničkog pića ili predlažući spolne odnose. Žrtve su u većini slučajeva bile omamljene i ubijene davljenjem. Samo je jedna od njih izbodena, nakon primjene narkotika. Nad žrtvama se ponekad nekrofilski iživljavao i na kraju ih razrezao pilom. Cijelu operaciju Dahmer bi dokumentirao fotografijama koje su ilustrirale svaki korak. Organi uklonjeni iz tijela bili bi pohranjeni u zamrzivaču kao hrana, otopljeni u kiselini ili stavljeni u formaldehid. Neke je glave kuhao da bi uklonio meso, ostavljajući golu lubanju  koju bi obojao kako bi izgledala kao plastika. Dahmer bi također podvrgnuo neke žrtve pokusima lobotomije, ubrizgavajući im klorovodičnu kiselinu ili kipuću vodu u mozak kroz rupe izbušene u lubanji, s očitom svrhom stvaranja zombija i izazivanjem smrti nesretnika.

Žrtve

Američki kriminalci
Serijski ubojice

Jeffrey Dahmer


An Panicum strictissimum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Adam Afzelius ngan Olof Swartz. An Panicum strictissimum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Panicum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Panicum

Panicum strictissimum


Grand Slam Tennis 2 es un videojuego de tenis, desarrollado por EA Canada y distribuido por EA Sports para las plataformas PlayStation 3 y Xbox 360. Se lanzó una demo descargable del videojuego el 10 de enero de 2012.

Jugabilidad

El videojuego incluye la licencia de los cuatro Grand Slam. El juego incluye soporte para PlayStation Move aunque no para Kinect.

Jugadores

ATP

  Novak Djoković
  Roger Federer
  Lleyton Hewitt
  Andy Murray
  Rafael Nadal
  Kei Nishikori
  Andy Roddick
  Jo-Wilfried Tsonga

WTA

  Ana Ivanović
  María Sharápova
  Serena Williams
  Venus Williams

Leyendas de la ATP

  Boris Becker
  Björn Borg
  Pat Cash
  Stefan Edberg
  John McEnroe
  Pete Sampras
  Michael Stich

Leyendas de la WTA

  Lindsay Davenport
  Chris Evert
  Justine Henin
 / Martina Navratilova

Torneos

Campeonatos con licencia

  Abierto de Australia
  Campeonato de Wimbledon
  Torneo de Roland Garros
  Abierto de Estados Unidos

Campeonatos sin licencia

 EA SPORTS Shanghái - Dura
 EA SPORTS Geneva - Polvo de ladrillo
 EA SPORTS Dubái - Dura
 EA SPORTS Brighton - Césped

Canchas
Canchas Licenciadas

 Wimbledon - Londres - Grass Centre Court
 The Championships, Wimbledon - Londres - Grass No. 1 Court (Wimbledon)
 The Championships, Wimbledon - Londres - Grass No. 3 Court (Wimbledon)
 Roland Garros - París - Clay Court Philippe Chatrier
 Roland Garros - Paris - Clay Court Suzanne Lenglen
 Roland Garros - Paris - Clay Court No. 15
 Australian Open - Melbourne - Hard Rod Laver Arena
 Australian Open - Melbourne - Hard Hisense Arena
 Australian Open - Melbourne]- Hard Court 15
 US Open - New York - Hard Arthur Ashe Stadium
 US Open  - New York - Hard Louis Armstrong Stadium
 US Open - New York - Hard Court 9

Canchas no Licenciadas
 EA Sports Brighton  - Grass Court 1
 EA Sports Dubái - Hard Court 1
 EA Sports Geneva - Clay Court 1
 EA Sports Shanghái - Hard Court 1

Banda sonora

 / Akon - "Takin' it Off"
  Havana Brown - "We Run the Night"
  Childish Gambino - "Heartbeat"
  Medina - "Addiction"
  Sean Paul - "She Doesn't Mind"
  Buraka Som Sistema - "Hangover"

Enlaces externos

Videojuegos de 2012
Videojuegos de EA Sports
Videojuegos de tenis
Videojuegos para PlayStation 3
Videojuegos para Xbox 360
Videojuegos de un solo jugador y de multijugador

Grand Slam Tennis 2


Edgar Augustus Jerome Johnson, né en 1900 et mort en 1972, est un économiste américain, professeur d'histoire économique à la Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies.

Il a été consultant auprès de la mission américaine de développement international (AID) en Inde, conseiller économique auprès de la mission de l'Administration de la coopération économique (Economic Cooperation Administration - ECA) en Grèce, directeur de lECA en Corée et ministre du Commerce puis gouverneur civil pour le gouvernement intérimaire de Corée.

Œuvres

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en 1900
Décès en 1972
Économiste américain du XXe siècle
Professeur à l'université Johns-Hopkins

Edgar Augustus Jerome Johnson


I. Kosova Muharebesi 1389 yılında I. Murad komutasındaki Osmanlı ordusuyla Sırp Lazar komutasındaki Balkan orduları arasında yapılmış bir muharebe.
 II. Kosova Muharebesi 1448 yılında II. Murad komutasındaki Osmanlı ordusuyla Macar János Hunyadi komutasındaki Balkan orduları arasında yapılmış bir muharebe.
 Kosova Operasyonu 1998 yılında NATO'nun düzenlediği operasyon.

Kosova Muharebesi


An Robiquetia pinosukensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jeffrey James Wood ngan Anthony L. Lamb. An Robiquetia pinosukensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Robiquetia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Robiquetia

Robiquetia pinosukensis


USS Manley (DD-940), named for Captain John Manley (c.1733–1793), was a  built by the Bath Iron Works Corporation at Bath in Maine. The keel was laid down on 10 February 1955.  Manley was commissioned on 1 February 1957 and sponsored by Mrs. Arleigh A. Burke, wife of then Chief of Naval Operations, the principal speaker at the commissioning ceremonies.

History
Manley departed Newport, Rhode Island, on 11 April for shakedown in the Caribbean. On 7 June, Manley got underway from San Juan, Puerto Rico for a goodwill tour that took her to Lisbon, Amsterdam, Kiel, and Copenhagen. The destroyer returned to the Boston Naval Shipyard on 12 July for repairs and alterations.

Manley left Boston on 22 August 1957 and sortied with an attack carrier strike force destined for a large scale NATO Fleet Exercise "Strike Back." She arrived in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland, on 14 September for a liberty stop. Three days later, she was underway conducting simulated war tactics as it steamed off the coast of Norway north of the Arctic Circle. After exercises with the carrier force, Manley returned to Norfolk on 24 October 1957. Later, assigned to DesDiv 41, she became the flagship for DesRon 4.

On 4 December 1957, Manley set sail for a tour with the Sixth Fleet accompanied by the Gearing, McCard, and Vogelsang.  Manley practiced simulated antisubmarine warfare attacks with the squadron while en route but was diverted on 11 December through heavy seas toward the Azores where an aircraft had been reported down, Manley took her position in a futile search. In the early morning hours of 12 December, the destroyer was broadsided by a tremendous wave, killing two, injuring several others, and impacting heavy damage to the galley, radio and radar rooms when she suffered flooding. Enduring northwesterly gusts up to 80 knots,  Manley battled through heavy rain squalls and mountainous seas toward Lisbon to arrive at night on 13 December for emergency treatment of the injured and repairs to the vessel. She moved to Gibraltar on the 18th and underwent voyage repairs in the Royal Dockyard of Gibraltar until 4 January 1958, then headed via Bermuda for Norfolk arriving on the 15th. Eventually, she entered the Naval Shipyard in Philadelphia for more permanent repairs. Four months later on 29 April, Manley returned to Norfolk and resumed her role as the flagship of DesRon 4.

On 6 June 1958, Manley set sail with the squadron for an Atlantic Fleet operation that included midshipmen training, implementation of the President's people-to-people programs, and visits to foreign ports of call. She visited among other ports, Kiel, Germany and Copenhagen, Denmark, and Antwerp, Belgium while escorting the aircraft carrier USS Lake Champlain (CV-39).

Returning to Norfolk on 2 October, she was soon underway with the  to join the Second Fleet in maneuvers off the coast of San Juan, Puerto Rico. Following those operations, she took her position as plane guard for the  during operations up the eastern seaboard to the Virginia Capes.

The first half of 1959 saw Manley with the Surface Antisubmarine Development Detachment at Guantanamo Bay. On 1 March, Manley'''s and DesRon's Four homeport was officially changed to Charleston, South Carolina. After six months of upkeep and maintenance, the squadron was underway for the Mediterranean and anti-submarine deployment. She participated alongside her British counterparts in "Long Haul," and with the French in operation "Boomerang."

After an extensive overhaul in the Charleston shipyard, Manley was again underway on 21 July 1960 for firing exercises off Culebra Island in the Caribbean. On 27 July she took her position at station number five on the Atlantic Missile Range for the test firing of a Mercury space capsule. Then, she headed eastward to Cardiff, Wales, and participated in experimental antisubmarine warfare patrols and attack team exercises en route to stateside. After completing a short stint of operations off the coast of Jacksonville, Florida, Manley turned for Pollensa Bay, Majorca. Joining the USS Forrestal (CVA-59) task force at Beirut, Lebanon, she joined in Sixth Fleet maneuvers.

In November, she rendezvoused with the Franklin D. Roosevelt to take part in patrols south of Hispaniola. Early in 1962, the destroyer spent a fortnight on Project Mercury operations followed up a week later underway in support of the Independence  in night operations in the North Atlantic. Twice within three days her crew rescued downed pilots at night. One of those pilots, now retired Captain Bill Brandel of Fairfax, Virginia, appeared at the Capitol 2001 Reunion on Sunday, 28 October 2001, nearly thirty years later, to extend his gratitude to several of those who participated in his rescue.

On 28 September 1962, Manley headed for Guantanamo Bay for refresher training and rescued a downed helicopter pilot. She spent most of October and November operating in the waters of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis. While returning home, the destroyer again came to the rescue of three men of yacht, Avian, adrift in the Atlantic.

Late in January 1963, she sailed to the Caribbean for operation "Springboard '63." After ASW exercises with the aircraft carrier , joint Canadian-American ASW exercises took her to Halifax, Nova Scotia. In October, Manley again departed for a Mediterranean deployment. She was honored to be selected as SIXTH Fleet's flagship during a three-day visit to Tunis. In December, she saw operations with the Middle East Force. On 13 January 1964, Manley dispatched her then Executive Officer, Lieutenant Commander Joseph E. Murray, Jr. to negotiate with armed rebels in Zanzibar. Along with a small band of sailors, Murray successfully walked away with 91 American citizens held hostages by the guerrillas.

Following routine upkeep in Charleston, she resumed operations off the Atlantic coast in May and on 6 January 1965 returned to the Mediterranean, representing the United States during the tenth anniversary celebrations of CENTO in Iskenderum, Turkey. During her homeward voyage, Manley spotted the collision of Kaskaskia and the Liberian tanker SS World Bond near St. Helena. Manley rescued 23 World Bond passengers and crew from the murky waters. Her emergency teams fought on board fires and flooding and saved the ship.

On 9 August, Manley took her recovery station for the space flight of Gemini V. For the next year, she operated in various combat scenarios off the Carolina coasts in preparation for then unknown operations in Southeast Asia. Departing Charleston on 5 October 1966, she joined DesRon 20 at Gitmo, and soon afterwards set her bow for Vietnam. En route, she assisted the ill captain of the Greek merchant ship, Marcetta. On 21 November, Manley relieved  in Da Nang as a unit of TU 70.8.9, a gunfire support group of the Seventh Fleet. Manley provided distinguished support of the ground forces until 7 December when a powder case ignited in the breech of mount 51, her forward gun mount. The resulting fire and explosion tore the mount apart and endangered the magazines. Damage control snuffed out the blaze before extensive damage occurred. The casualties were evacuated by helicopter and the destroyer steamed to Da Nang to disembark the visiting Senator Henry M. Jackson.

After Subic Bay repairs, Manley joined up with  and  in the Gulf of Tonkin and operated there until assigned to TG 77.4 for ASW work with . Awarded the Navy Unit Commendation for sustained meritorious service in operations against the enemy during her deployment in Southeast Asia, Manley returned to Charleston in May 1967.

After a brief stay in her homeport, Manley again departed for the Western Pacific and combat duty in September. Her second Vietnam engagement was to last eight and one-half months until she returned to Charleston in June 1968.

The destroyer was decommissioned on 31 January 1970 to undergo prolong antisubmarine warfare modernization at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Extensive improvements to sensors, weaponry, communications, and crew habitability were accomplished and on 19 April 1971, she was recommissioned and joined CruDesFlot 4 in Norfolk. Following her shakedown deployment in Guantanamo in the spring of '72, Manley joined DesRon 12 and took part in the program to forward deploy ships in overseas homeports. DesRon 12 and Manley entered their new homeport, Athens, Greece, on 1 September 1972. During the next thirty months, she was called upon frequently to participate in speed contingency exercises: the October 1973 Arab-Israeli and Cyprus crisis of 1974. Manley became the first United States warship to visit İzmir, Turkey in December 1973. On 22 July 1975, the destroyer headed for a scheduled upkeep and maintenance in Philadelphia and in December 1976, was home ported to Mayport, Florida.

After finishing refresher training in March 1977, she commenced operations as a unit of the Second Fleet followed by a Sixth Fleet deployment from November 1977 until July 1978. Her operating cycle was continued with another Med and Northern Europe run.

On 8 April 1979	while at Mayport, a fire broke out in the forward boiler room during preparation to get underway. Twelve men were injured of which one later died. The repair cost was estimated at $75 million. On 1 October 1979, the crew became designated "Blue Noses" when they crossed the Arctic Circle.

With an increasing naval presence in the Caribbean Sea, the destroyer operated throughout the area visiting Curaçao, Antilles, Limón, Costa Rica, and Santo Tomas de Castilla. In 1980, she departed Mayport for overhaul in Boston. Following a successful refit and sea trials, Manley was assigned to Newport, Rhode Island, and conducted workup ops in the Narragansett area preparing for REFTRA in Guantanamo Bay.

Fate
From 3 April to 3 May, she conducted FEDEX(?) operations in and around Puerto Rico. On 8 June 1982, the USS Manley departed for what was to be her last cruise. She visited all of the Med ports, assisted in evacuation of civilians from Beirut, Lebanon, during terrorist activities, and transited the Indian Ocean arriving after fifty days at sea in Karachi, Pakistan. From 16 October until 24 November, she joined in MidEastFor exercises. At long last, the Lady headed home arriving on 22 December in Newport to commence decommissioning. On 4 March 1983, the USS Manley'' (DD-940) was struck for the Navy's active rolls.

When the Fore River Shipyard and Iron Works went bankrupt in the early nineties she was resold to N. R. Acquisition Incorporated of New York City by the Massachusetts Bankruptcy Court and scrapped by Wilmington Resources of Wilmington in North Carolina.

References

Forrest Sherman-class destroyers
Cold War destroyers of the United States
Vietnam War destroyers of the United States
Ships built in Bath, Maine
1956 ships

USS Manley (DD-940)


Toros göknarı (Abies cilicica), çamgiller (Pinaceae) familyasından Suriye, Lübnan dağları ve Türkiye'de doğal olarak yetişen bir göknar türü.

Genel özelikleri
Toros göknarı, Akdeniz göknarları grubuna ait, uzun, dar, iğne yapraklı bir ağaçtır. Tür genellikle Doğu Karadeniz göknarı (Abies nordmanniana) ile karıştırılır ve kuzey Suriye, Lübnan ve Türkiye'nin güneyindeki dağlarda bulunur ve genellikle karışık ormanlarda bulunur.
Bol olduğu yerlerde, ağacın ahşabı yerel olarak ticareti yapılır ve inşaat sektöründe ve özellikle mobilya imalatında, kaplama ve kontrplakta yaygın olarak kullanılır.
Ağacın rakım aralığı 1000-2000 m olup, sığ, kayalık ve iyi drene edilmiş kireçli toprakları tercih eder.

Alt türler
2 alt türü vardır.
 Abies cilicica subsp. cilicica
 Abies cilicica subsp. isaurica

Kaynakça

Abies
Türkiye'deki odunsu taksonlar
Türkiye'de doğal olarak yetişen iğne yapraklılar

Toros göknarı


Armijska grupa Pflanzer-Baltin (njem. Armeegruppe Pflanzer-Baltin) je bila vojna formacija austrougarske vojske u Prvom svjetskom ratu. Tijekom Prvog svjetskog rata djelovala je na Istočnom bojištu.

Povijest
Armijska grupa Pflanzer-Baltin formirana je 3. listopada 1914. od jedinica koja su do tada činile Vojno zapovjedništvo Munkacsa sa svrhom obrane istočnih Karpata. Njezinim zapovjednikom imenovan je general konjice Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin kojemu je načelnik stožera bio pukovnik Karl Soos von Badok. Sjedište stožera armijske grupe bilo je u Munkacsu.

Ubrzo nakon osnivanja jedinice armijske grupe sudjeluju u borbama kod Przemysla i Hirova (10. listopada – 2. studenog 1914.) tijekom kojih zauzimaju grad Strij. Nakon toga, u prosincu 1914., ruske snage kreću u protunapad te u novogodišnjoj noći uspijevaju zauzeti Užočki prijevoj čime je armijska grupa dovedena u tešku situaciju. Kako bi se situacija na bojištu stabilizirala, armijskoj grupi je kao pojačanje upućeno pet divizija iz sastava Balkanske vojske.

U siječnju 1915. jedinice Armijske grupe Pflanzer-Baltin sudjeluju u Karpatskoj ofenzivi čija je svrha bila deblokada tvrđave Przemysl. Armijska grupa kreće u napad 23. siječnja, te uspijeva ponovno osvojiti Bukovinu koja je bila u ruskim rukama. Jedinice armijske grupe 14. veljače zauzimaju Nadvornu, a dva dana kasnije i Kolomeu zajedno s neoštećenim mostovima na Prutu. Napredovanje armijske grupe se nastavilo, te je 20. veljače zauzet Stanislav.

U ožujku 1915. jedinice Armijske grupe Pflanzer-Baltin su ponovno odbijale ruski napad. Napadnut je XIII. korpus pod zapovjedništvom Adolfa von Rhemena zbog čega je ruskim snagama morao biti prepušten Stanislav.

Armijska grupa Pflanzer-Baltin u formalnom smislu prestala je postojati 8. svibnja 1915. godine kada je preimenovanjem postala 7. armija.

Zapovjednici
Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin (3. listopada 1914. – 8. svibnja 1915.)

Načelnici stožera
Karl Soos von Badok (3. listopada 1914. – 9. ožujka 1915.)
Theodor von Zeynek (10. ožujka 1915. – 8. svibnja 1915.)

Sastav
listopad 1914.: Poljska legija, 55. pješačka divizija, 52. pješačka divizija, 54. pješačka divizija, 56. pješačka divizija, Grupa Fischer
prosinac 1914.: Poljska legija, 55. pješačka divizija, Grupa Haller, 52. pješačka divizija, 54. pješačka divizija, Grupa Fischer
siječanj 1915.: XIII. korpus, 6. pješačka divizija, 54. pješačka divizija, Poljska legija, Grupa Schreitter, Grupa Bekesi, 123. landšturmska brigada
travanj 1915.: XIII. korpus, Korpus Czibulka, Korpus Marschall, Grupa Schwes
svibanj 1915.: XIII. korpus, Korpus Czibulka, Korpus Marschall, 8. konjička divizija

Vojni raspored Armijske grupe Pflanzer-Baltin u studenom 1914.
Zapovjednik: general konjice Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin
Načelnik stožera: pukovnik Karl Soos von Badok

52. pješačka divizija (podmrš. Schreitter von Schwarzenfeld)
123. pješačka brigada
124. pješačka brigada

54. pješačka divizija (podmrš. Schultheisz von Deveczer)
126. pješačka brigada
128. pješačka brigada

55. pješačka divizija (genboj. Fleischmann)
129. pješačka brigada
139. pješačka brigada

56. pješačka divizija (podmrš. Attems-Petzenstein)
132. pješačka brigada
133. pješačka brigada

Poljska legija (podmrš. Durski von Trzasko)
2. poljska pukovnija
3. poljska pukovnija

Pod neposrednim zapovjedništvom
131. pješačka brigada
12. landšturmska teritorijalna brigada
7. landšturmska etapna brigada
Fischerov Streifkorpus

Vojni raspored Armijske grupe Pflanzer-Baltin u Karpatskoj ofenzivi
Zapovjednik: general konjice Karl von Pflanzer-Baltin
Načelnik stožera: pukovnik Karl Soos von Badok

XIII. korpus (genpj. Adolf von Rhemen)
36. pješačka divizija (genboj. Czibulka)
13. pješačka brigada (genboj. Stracker)
72. pješačka brigada (puk. Luxardo)
42. honvedska divizija (genboj. Salis-Seewis)
83. honvedska brigada (puk. MIhaljevic)
85. honvedska brigada (puk. Petrovic)

6. pješačka divizija (podmrš. Schönburg-Hartenstein)
11. pješačka brigada (puk. Hubinger)
12. pješačka brigada (puk. Müller)

54. pješačka divizija (podmrš. Schultheisz)
126. laka pješačka brigada (genboj. Salomon)
Poljska legija (podmrš. Durski)

5. honvedska konjička divizija (genboj. Apor)
19. honvedska konjička brigada (puk. Jony)
23. honvedska konjička brigada (puk. Zech von Deybach)

Grupa Schreitter (podmrš. Schreitter)
Grupa Bekesi (potpuk. Bekesi)
123. pješačka brigada (puk. Latzin)

Literatura
 Edmund Glaise-Horstenau, Osterreich-Ungarns Letzter Krieg, 1914-1918, Austrian Militarwissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen, Beč, 1931.
 John Ellis, Michael Cox, The World War I Databook, Aurum Press Ltd. 2001.
 Pétér Jung, The Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I (1) 1914-16, Osprey Publishing Ltd, 2003.
 Pétér Jung, The Austro-Hungarian Forces in World War I (2) 1916-18, Osprey Publishing Ltd, 2003.

Vanjske poveznice
     Armijska grupa Pflanzer-Baltin na stranici Austrianphilately.com
     Armijska grupa Pflanzer-Baltin na stranici Austro-Hungarian-Army.co.uk
     Armijska grupa Pflanzer-Baltin na stranici Valka.cz

Pflanzer-Baltin

Armijska grupa Pflanzer-Baltin


Jonás Guerrero Corona (El Chante, Autlán de Navarro, Jalisco, 20 de novembro de 1946) é um padre e bispo mexicano que serve como bispo de Culiacán.

Ele foi ordenado sacerdote em 5 de junho de 1976.

Nomeado bispo auxiliar da Cidade do México em 29 de janeiro de 2000 pelo Papa João Paulo II.

O cardeal Norberto Rivera o nomeou bispo auxiliar do VI Vigário Episcopal da Arquidiocese Primada do México em 4 de março do mesmo ano.

Em 18 de março de 2011, foi nomeado bispo da Diocese de Culiacán.

Ver também

Bispos católicos do México

Jonás Guerrero Corona


Hvilsager er en landsby på Djursland beliggende i Hvilsager Sogn og Syddjurs Kommune.
Den indiske antropolog Prakash Reddy var i 1989 på feltarbejde i landsbyen og fra hans observationer stammer bogen Sådan er danskerne! En indisk antropologs perspektiv på det danske samfund.

I byen ligger Hvilsager Kirke.

Lokaliteter i Syddjurs Kommune
Byer og bydele med genforeningssten

Hvilsager


El cobre (IV) es un estado de oxidación en el que se encuentra muy raramente el cobre en los compuestos químicos.

Compuestos
Solo se encuentra en unos pocos compuestos obtenidos por fluoración.

K2[CuF6], hexaflorocuprato(IV) de potasio.

Referencias

 4

Cobre (IV)


Die Ningpo-Deutzie (Deutzia ningpoensis) ist ein Strauch mit weißen oder rosafarbenen Blüten aus der Familie der Hortensiengewächse (Hydrangeaceae). Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet der Art liegt im Osten Chinas. Sie wird manchmal als Zierstrauch gepflanzt.

Beschreibung
Die Ningpo-Deutzie ist ein 1 bis 2,5 Meter hoher, zierlich verzweigter Strauch. Die Blüten tragenden Zweige sind rötlich braun, 10 bis 18 Zentimeter lang, sternhaarig und tragen etwa sechs Laubblätter. Die Laubblätter haben meist einen 5 bis 10 Millimeter langen Stiel, bei Laubblättern an Blüten tragenden Zweigen ist er 1 bis 2 Millimeter lang. Die Blattspreite ist einfach, eiförmig-länglich bis eiförmig-lanzettlich, 3 bis 9 Zentimeter lang und 1,5 bis 3 Zentimeter breit, spitz oder lang zugespitzt, mit gerundeter oder breit keilförmiger Basis und locker gesägtem bis glattem Rand. Es werden fünf oder sechs Nervenpaare gebildet. Die Blattoberseite ist grünlich und locker mit vier- bis sieben- selten achtstrahligen Sternhaaren besetzt; die Unterseite ist grünlich grau und dicht mit zwölf- bis 15-strahligen Sternhaaren besetzt.

Die Blütenstände sind 5 bis 12 Zentimeter lange, und 2,5 bis 6 Zentimeter breite, vielblütige zymöse Rispen. Der Blütenstiel ist 3 bis 5 Millimeter lang. Der Blütenbecher ist bei einem Durchmesser von etwa 3 Millimeter 3 bis 4 Millimeter lang. Die Kelchzipfel sind eiförmig oder dreieckig, 1,5 bis 2 Millimeter lang, 1,5 bis 2 Millimeter breit und dicht mit zehn- bis 15-strahligen Sternhaaren besetzt. Die Kronblätter sind weiß oder rosafarben, länglich, 5 bis 8 Millimeter lang und etwa 2,5 Millimeter breit. Die äußeren Staubblätter sind 3 bis 4 Millimeter lang, die inneren sind kürzer. Die Staubfäden sind spitz und zweizähnig, wobei die Zähne waagrecht stehen und nicht bis zu den Staubbeuteln reichen. Die Staubbeutel sind gestielt und rundlich. Die drei oder vier Griffel sind etwa 6 Millimeter lang. Die Kapselfrüchte sind halbkugelförmig, dicht sternhaarig und haben Durchmesser von 4 bis 5 Millimeter. Die Ningpo-Deutzie blüht von Mai bis Juli, die Früchte reifen von September bis Oktober.

Vorkommen und Standortansprüche
Das natürliche Verbreitungsgebiet liegt im Osten von China in den Provinzen Anhui, Fujian, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shaanxi und Zhejiang. Die Ningpo-Deutzie wächst in Mischwäldern, auf Berghängen und in Tälern in 500 bis 800 Metern Höhe auf sauren bis schwach alkalischen, sandig-lehmigen bis lehmigen, humosen und nährstoffreichen Böden an  lichtschattigen und wintermilden Standorten. Die Art ist wärmeliebend und nur mäßig frosthart.

Systematik
Die Ningpo-Deutzie (Deutzia ningpoensis) ist eine Art aus der Gattung der Deutzien (Deutzia). Sie wird in der Familie der Hortensiengewächse (Hydrangeaceae) der Unterfamilie Hydrangeoideae und der Tribus Philadelpheae zugeordnet. Die Art wurde 1911 von Alfred Rehder erstmals wissenschaftlich beschrieben. Das Artepitheton ningpoensis verweist auf die im Verbreitungsgebiet liegende Stadt Ningbo. Ein Synonym der Art ist Deutzia chunii Hu. Nicht anerkannt ist die Form Deutzia ningpoensis f. integrifolia D.T.Liu & J.Han.

Verwendung
Die Ningpo-Deutzie wird selten als Zierstrauch verwendet.

Nachweise

Literatur

 Andreas Roloff, Andreas Bärtels: Flora der Gehölze. Bestimmung, Eigenschaften und Verwendung. Mit einem Winterschlüssel von Bernd Schulz. 3., korrigierte Auflage. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6, S. 265.
 Helmut Genaust: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen. 3., vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (Nachdruck von 1996).

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Hortensiengewächse

Ningpo-Deutzie


روبير هيربان  (30 مارس 1939) مدافع ومدرب فرنسي سابق في لعبة كرة القدم .

المسيرة كلاعب
على الرغم من نشأته في نادي كالإيغال نيس للناشئين إلا أن فريق المدينة الأشهر والأكبر نيس قرر أن لا يتعاقد معه بسبب تواضع موهبته وبالتالي قرر الالتحاق بنادي سانت إتيان في سنة 1957 ، وبعدها أصبح أحد أفضل لاعبي الكرة الفرنسية . من خلال مركز اللعب الذي يشارك فيه الوسط المدافع فإنه كان يفضل اللعب بطريقة 4-2-4 في بداية الستينات بسبب قوته البدنية . قاد منتخب فرنسا مع باقي زملائه إلى احتلال منتخب فرنسا المركز الرابع في بطولة كأس الأمم الأوروبية 1960 ، وكذلك شارك في نهائيات كأس العالم 1966 التي أقيمت في إنجلترا . لقد كان أحد أعمدة الجيل الذهبي الأول لفريق سانت إتيان حيث حقق 4 بطولات دوري متتالية من 1967 إلى 1970 . في موسم 1969-1970 قرر المدرب ألبرت باتو نقل هيربان إلى مركز الظهير مع بيرنارد بوسكوير حيث ظل يلعب في هذا المركز حتى نهاية مسيرته الرياضية كلاعب .

المسيرة كمدرب
بعد رحيل ألبرت باتو أصبح هيربان أصغر مدرب في تاريخ الكرة الفرنسية عندما تولى تدريب فريق سانت إتيان في عمر 33 سنة . استغل أكاديمية الناشئين الملحقة بالنادي من أجل دعم الفريق الأول بالكثير من المواهب الشابة أمثال جيرارد جانفيون ، دومينيك باثيناي ، جاك سانتيني ، ودومينيك روتشيتيو . استطاع أن يبني أحد أقوى الأندية في أوروبا ولكنه فشل في التغلب على فريق بايرن ميونخ الألماني في المباراة النهائية لبطولة دوري أبطال أوروبا التي أقيمت على ملعب هامبدن بارك بمدينة غلاسكو الاسكتلندية . بعدما تم التعاقد مع ميشيل بلاتيني في سنة 1979 قاد هيربان فريق سانت إتيان لتحقيق آخر بطولة دوري في تاريخه في سنة 1981 .

بعد رحيل روجر روتشر عن رئاسة نادي سانت إتيان الداعم الأول لبقاء هيربان فإن هذا الأخير قرر الرحيل أيضا عن النادي والالتحاق بنادي ليون في سنة 1983 وهو الخصم اللدود لنادي سانت إتيان . لم يستطع هيربان إنقاذ ليون من الهبوط . بعد ترك ليون تولى تدريب النصر السعودي وستراسبورغ ثم عاد إلى نادي سانت إتيان في سنة 1987 . على الرغم من عودته إلا أنه فشل في استرجاع بريق النادي السابق فقرر تركه في سنة 1990 . آخر الأندية التي تولى تدريبه هو ريد ستار سانت وان وأخيرا تم تعيينه عضوا في المجلس الفيدرالي التابع للاتحاد الفرنسي لكرة القدم.

الألقاب
كلاعب
 بطولة الدوري مع فريق سانت إتيان : 1964 ، 1967 ، 1968 ، 1969 ، 1970 .
 بطولة كأس فرنسا مع فريق سانت إتيان : 1962 ، 1968 ، 1970 .
كمدرب
 بطولة الدوري مع فريق سانت إتيان : 1974 ، 1975 ، 1976 ، 1981 .
 بطولة كأس فرنسا مع فريق سانت إتيان : 1974 ، 1975 ، 1977 .
 وصيف دوري أبطال أوروبا مع فريق سانت إتيان : 1976 .

مراجع

روابط خارجية

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
رياضيون من باريس
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو سانت إتيان
لاعبو كأس أمم أوروبا 1960
لاعبو كأس العالم 1966
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من باريس
لاعبو منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم
مدربو أولمبيك ليون
مدربو الدوري الفرنسي
مدربو ستراسبورغ
مدربو كرة قدم فرنسيون
مدربو نادي النجم الأحمر
مدربو نادي النصر (السعودية)
مدربو نادي سانت إتيان
مواليد 1939
مواليد في باريس
وفيات 2020

روبير هيربان


Konrad von Würzburg (c.1220-1230 – 31 August 1287) was the chief German poet of the second half of the 13th century.

As with most epic poets of the age, little is known of his life, and his origin is disputed. There have been German scholars and local patriots of Würzburg who claimed he hailed from Würzburg. Wilhelm Wackernagel on the other hand contends that Konrad was from Basel, as the house he owned was called the "House of Wirzburg", meaning he was named "Würzburg" not after a city, but after a house. He seems to have spent part of his life in Strasbourg and his later years in Basel, where he died. Like his master, Gottfried von Strassburg, but unlike most other poets from the time, Würzburg did not belong to the nobility. His varied and voluminous literary work is comparatively free from the degeneration which set in so rapidly in Middle High German poetry during the 13th century.

According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, "[h]is style, although occasionally diffuse, is dignified in tone; his metre is clearly influenced by Gottfried's tendency to relieve the monotony of the epic-metre with ingenious variations, but it is always correct; his narratives—if we except Die halbe Birn, of which the authorship is doubtful—are free from coarseness, to which the popular poets at this time were prone, and, although mysticism and allegory bulk largely in his works, they were not allowed, as in so many of his contemporaries, to usurp the place of poetry."

Würzburg wrote a number of legends (Alexius, Silvester, Pantaleon) illustrating Christian virtues and dogma; Der Welt Lohn, a didactic allegory on the familiar theme of Frau Welt, the woman beautiful in front, but unsightly and loathsome from behind. Die goldene Schmiede is a panegyric of the Virgin Mary; the Klage der Kunst, an allegorical defence of poetry. Herzmaere is an story on the eaten heart. It tells of the relationship between a knight and married noblewoman who had a jealous husband. After the knight died during a pilgrimage to the Holy Land his squire attempted to deliver the knight's heart to his lover. The husband saw the squire before, ordered the heart to be prepared in a tasty manner and gave it to his wife, the lover of the knight. When she became aware of the whole story, she died.

His most ambitious works are two enormously long epics, Der trojanische Krieg (consisting of more than 40,000 verses, and unfinished) and Partenopier und Meliur, both of which are based on French originals. Würzburg's talents are best showcased however in his shorter verse romances, such as Engelhart und Engeltrut, Kaiser Otto and Das Herzemaere; the latter, the theme of which has been made familiar to modern readers by Uhland in his Kastellan von Coucy, is one of the best poems of its kind in Middle High German literature.

There is no complete collection available of Würzburg's works. Some examples are:
Der trojanische Krieg was edited by A von Keller for the Stuttgart Literarische Verein (1858)
Partonopier und Meliur, by K Bartsch (1871)
Die goldene Schniede and Silvester, by W Grimm (1840 and 1841)
Alexius, by HF Massmann (1843) and R Haczynski (1898)
Der Welt Lohn, by F Roth (1843)
Engelhart und Engeltrut, by Moritz Haupt (1844, 2nd ed., 1890)
Klage der Kunst, by E Joseph (1885).

The shorter poems, Otto and Herzemaere, can be found in Erzählungen und Schwänke des Mittelalters, edited by H Lambel (2nd ed., 1883). Later German translations of Würzburg's most popular poems were published by K Pannier and H Kruger in Reclams Universalbibliothek (1879-1891).

On Würzburg see F Pfeiffer in Germania, iii (1867), and W Goither in the Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, vol. 44 (1898), s.v. Würzburg, Konrad von.

References

External links

 A German translation of his text "Der Welt Lohn"

Year of birth unknown
1287 deaths
13th-century German poets
Middle High German poets
Minnesingers
Writers from Würzburg
German male poets
Year of birth uncertain

Konrad von Würzburg


Lužany pri Topli este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Svidník din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 261 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Lužany pri Topli este atestată documentar din 1370.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Lužany pri Topli


The Liberal Party of Gibraltar (Libs or LPG) is a liberal political party in Gibraltar. It was founded in 1991 as the Gibraltar National Party and is led by Dr. Joseph Garcia. The LPG forms the GSLP–Liberal Alliance in partnership with the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party.

Policy
In line with most liberal parties, the party describes their political philosophy as being based on notions of people deciding their own future, and are committed to Gibraltarian self-determination regarding constitutional arrangements.

The party believes in "freedom, responsibility, tolerance, social justice and equality of opportunity: these are the central values of liberalism, and they remain the principles on which an open society must be built. These principles require a careful balance of strong civil societies, democratic government, free markets, and international cooperation".

The party makes its stance on economic policy very clear, stating that "open societies need open markets. A liberal, open and tolerant society requires a market economy. Political freedom and economic freedom belong together".

Elections

In the 1992 election to the Gibraltar House of Assembly, the party (as the GNP) won 4.7%% of the popular vote and no seats.

In the 1996 election the GNP won 4.68% of the popular vote and no seats.

In the 1999 by-election, following the death of GSLP Opposition MP Robert Mor, Liberal Party leader Dr. Joseph Garcia won 51.46% of the popular vote and the seat. He was the first joint GSLP/Liberal candidate to contest an election.

In the 2000 election the party won (in alliance with the GSLP) 14.95% of the popular vote and 2 seats.

In the 2003 election the party won (in alliance with the GSLP) 14.61% of the popular vote and 2 seats.

In the 2007 election to the newly named (and re-organized) Gibraltar Parliament, the party won (in alliance with the GSLP) 13.65% of the popular vote and 3 seats.

In the 2011 election, the party won (in alliance with the GSLP) 14.64% of the popular vote and 3 seats forming the new Government of Gibraltar.

In the 2013 by-election, following the death of Housing Minister Charles Bruzon (GSLP), the Liberal Party backed the GSLP candidate Albert Isola, who has won 49.84% of the popular vote to fill in the vacant seat.

In the 2015 election, the party won (in alliance with the GSLP) 20.61% of the popular vote and 3 seats.

Election results

Parliament of Gibraltar

By-elections

European Parliament
Gibraltar was part of the South West England constituency in the European parliament and its major parties formed joint ticket alliances with the major UK parties. From 2004 until Brexit, the Liberal Party of Gibraltar was in an alliance with the Liberal Democrats.

Affiliations
The Liberal Party of Gibraltar is a member of the Liberal International and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, having joined the latter in November 2014. It is also a 'Sister Party' of the United Kingdom Liberal Democrats and contested the South-West England constituency at European Parliamentary elections on a joint ticket with them taking place six on the party list.

Current LPG MPs
Joseph Garcia (since 1999)
 Leslie Bruzon (since 2023)

See also
List of liberal parties

References

External links
Official website
Former official website

1991 establishments in Gibraltar
Liberal parties in Gibraltar
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party member parties
Political parties established in 1991
Gibraltarian nationalism
Liberal International
Liberal parties in British Overseas Territories
Pro-European political parties in the United Kingdom

Liberal Party of Gibraltar


Star Wars Arcade  é um jogo de arcade de 1993 desenvolvido pela Sega e baseado na trilogia original de Star Wars . Combinando elementos de Uma Nova Esperança e O Retorno de Jedi, no jogo os jogadores pilotam uma nave Rebelde e lutam contra as forças do Império. A Sega desenvolveu Star Wars para seu sistema Model 1, o mesmo hardware de arcade que alimentava Virtua Fighter e Virtua Racing. Como esses dois títulos, os gráficos de Star Wars são renderizados inteiramente usando polígonos. O jogo foi lançado mais tarde sob o nome de Star Wars Arcade, como exclusivo para o lançamento do Sega 32X em 1994.

O primeiro de uma série de jogos de arcade da Sega Star Wars, a Sega seguiu o lançamento de Star Wars Arcade com vários outros jogos de arcade - Star Wars Trilogy Arcade e Star Wars: Racer Arcade, bem como um jogo de pinball Star Wars.

Jogabilidade
A jogabilidade é semelhante à do jogo de arcade Star Wars de 1983 da Atari. Os jogadores pilotam uma X-wing ou Y-wing em perspectiva de primeira ou terceira pessoa e lutam contra as forças imperiais.

O jogo tem três níveis que incluem interceptar caças TIE em um campo de asteroides, destruir um Super Star Destroyer e fazer um ataque a uma Estrela da Morte. O gabinete arcade permite que duas pessoas joguem, com uma servindo como piloto e a outra como artilheiro.
No Japão, a Game Machine listou Star Wars Arcade em sua edição de 15 de junho de 1994 como a sexta unidade de arcade vertical/cockpit de maior sucesso do mês.

A Electronic Gaming Monthly marcou a versão 32X em 6,25/10, descrevendo-a como um jogo de lançamento decente, mas decepcionante para o console. Eles elogiaram os excelentes gráficos, mas reclamaram da jogabilidade repetitiva e do movimento limitado.  A GamePro também avaliou que o jogo é uma demonstração decente das capacidades gráficas do 32X, mas sofre de jogabilidade repetitiva. Eles também criticaram que os controles são complicados ao usar um gamepad padrão de três botões e que no modo cooperativo o cursor do segundo jogador é difícil de ver em determinados fundos.  A Next Generation avaliou a versão 32X do jogo com três estrelas de cinco, chamando-a de "uma excelente tradução de um bom jogo e uma boa dica do que esperar de 32X".

ligações externos

Jogos eletrônicos desenvolvidos no Japão
Jogos eletrônicos da Sega
Jogos para arcade da Sega
Jogos para Sega 32X
Jogos para arcade
Jogos eletrônicos de ação
Jogos eletrônicos de 1994
Jogos eletrônicos de 1993

Star Wars Arcade


Hidroarheološko nalazište s antičkim brodolomom nalazi se pored hridi Baba, kod Palmižane na otočiću Sv. Klement, u Paklinskim otocima, kod grada Hvara.

Opis dobra
Kod hridi Baba nalazi se potonuli antički brod.

Pored tereta grube keramike, tu se nalaze i vrlo fini tanjuri, dobro pečeni, ružičasto-crvene glazure sa žigom u obliku rozete koja održava helenističke tradicije. Ta grupa pripada tzv. terra sigillati, i vjerojatno je maloazijske produkcije. To potvrđuje i nalaz tzv. pseudo terra sigillate smeđe boje, dosta loše glazure s grčkim žigom. Nalaz se datira u vrijeme oko sredine 1. stoljeća.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom RST-0693 zavedeno je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - arheologija, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "podvodna arheološka zona/nalazište".

Izvori

Zaštićena kulturna dobra u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Sveti Klement (otok)
Ostatci antičkih brodoloma u Hrvatskoj

Hidroarheološko nalazište kod Palmižane


Joan Lorraine Walley (born 23 January 1949) is a British Labour Party politician, who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Stoke-on-Trent North from the 1987 general election until 2015.

Early life
She attended Biddulph Grammar School (now known as Woodhouse Middle School) in Biddulph, north Staffordshire. At the University of Hull, she gained a BA in Social Administration. From the University College of Wales, Swansea, she gained a Diploma in Community Work Development. From 1970 to 1973, she worked on an Alcoholics Recovery Project. From 1974 to 1978, she was a Local Government Officer for Swansea City Council. She worked for Wandsworth Council from 1978 to 1979. From 1979 to 1982, she was a Development Officer for NACRO.

Parliamentary career
Following the deselection of her predecessor John Forrester, she stood as the Labour Party candidate for Stoke-on-Trent North (the second female MP for the seat after Harriet Slater) and became the constituency's Member of Parliament (MP) at the 1987 general election. Walley had previously been a Lambeth councillor.

She was elected by the House to be the Chair of the Environmental Audit Committee on 9 June 2010.

In November 2013 she announced her intention to stand down at the next general election in 2015. Walley became a member of the Electoral Commission in 2018.

Personal life
She married Jan Ostrowski in 1981; the couple have two sons; Daniel, born 1981, and Tom, born 1983. Walley is a supporter of Port Vale, the football club in her constituency.

References

External links

1949 births
Living people
20th-century British women politicians
21st-century British women politicians
Alumni of Swansea University
Alumni of the University of Hull
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Joan Walley


El urbanismo de Jaén es el resultado de una larga ocupación temporal ininterrumpida de más de dos milenios. Las huellas desde la prehistoria hasta la actualidad se estratifican en el análisis de una ciudad compleja, heterogénea y con un amplio legado patrimonial.

La ciudad de Jaén se asienta a los pies del cerro de Santa Catalina, en el tránsito de la Sierra Sur hacia la campiña. Encrucijada natural de importantes recursos hídricos la convirtieron en enclave de obligado paso desde Andalucía hacia la meseta castellana. El importante aporte de agua del cerro de Santa Catalina atrajo a los primeros grupos neolíticos, y ya en la Edad del Cobre se dotó al paisaje de una importante estructura urbana. No sería hasta los ensanches de mediados del  cuando la población se expandiera hacia las vegas del Guadalbullón y la Campiña, estando hasta entonces cimentada por el cerro y los numerosos yacimientos naturales de agua que la dotarían de gran cantidad de nacimientos, arroyos y fuentes que influirían notablemente en su configuración.

Los orígenes de la ciudad

La ciudad de Jaén se asienta a los pies del cerro de Santa Catalina, en el tránsito de la Sierra Sur hacia la Campiña. El río Jaén, constituido por los aportes de los ríos Frío y Eliche, produce con su desembocadura en el Guadalbullón el paso natural hacia el Guadalquivir. Esta encrucijada natural y los importantes recursos hídricos la convertirían en enclave de obligado paso hacia la meseta castellana.

El importante aporte de agua del cerro de Santa Catalina (destacando el raudal de la Magdalena) atrajo a los primeros grupos neolíticos, y ya en la Edad del Cobre se dotó al paisaje de una importante estructura urbana a partir de anillos concéntricos fortificados que encauzaron esos arroyos a través de los fosos previos y llegando la extensión del anillo exterior a superar el kilómetro de diámetro.

La búsqueda de una topografía más elevada fue elemento clave a partir de los periodos históricos, localizándose un oppidum en las faldas del cerro de Santa Catalina, posterior al gran asentamiento de Puente Tablas.

Desde época romana la ciudad se asentaría definitivamente a los pies del cerro. Esta ciudad parece que tendría como núcleo la actual área en torno al barrio de la Magdalena, donde algunos autores sitúan el foro, volviendo a constatarse la importancia del raudal, y erigiéndose el primer cinturón de muralla además de las consecuentes obras públicas.

Para la etapa visigoda se cuenta con escasos testimonios, si bien se observa una notable crisis con el decrecimiento del área urbana respecto a la época anterior, localizándose vertederos y enterramientos en el interior de las murallas romanas.

La ciudad medieval

Sería en época medieval cuando la construcción de un alcázar en la cima del cerro y de una nueva muralla que protegiera a la ciudad marcasen de manera definitiva la evolución del plano urbano en los siglos venideros. Es la ciudad islámica un importante centro defensivo desde el momento en que Abderramán II decide trasladar la capitalidad de la cora desde Mentesa (La Guardia) a Jaén. Esta condición capitalina vino acompañada de un ambicioso programa constructivo: el alcázar y la alcazaba en el cerro, la construcción de mezquitas y baños públicos y la importante conducción de aguas del manantial de la Magdalena.

Tras largo tiempo de asedio, Fernando III conquista la ciudad en 1246. Según algunas fuentes, el mismo rey ordenaría construir la fortaleza cristiana anexa a la islámica, denominándola de Santa Catalina debido a la festividad del día de la capitulación.

Solo los arrabales de época cristiana dibujarían un cambio sustancial en su proyección. No obstante, este impulso de crecimiento sufriría numerosas trabas. La constitución del arrabal de San Ildefonso, uno de los proyectos más importantes, fue lenta, habitándolo en sus orígenes sólo gente humilde y diversos gremios, como el de los alfareros. El Descenso de la Virgen, en la noche del 10 de junio de 1430, siguió una ruta que, partiendo desde la primitiva catedral, culminaría en la entonces modesta parroquia de San Ildefonso. Ennoblecida la zona por el Descenso, las reformas arquitectónicas a partir de esta fecha son numerosas. El barrio crece de manera notable conquistando la ladera de un barranco y se procede a la construcción de numerosos palacios en la parroquia (como el del Marqués de Navasequilla), consiguiéndose desviar población de la sobreexplotada ciudad intramuros.

Cuando en 1459 llega a Jaén el Condestable de Enrique IV, Miguel Lucas de Iranzo, se impulsan otras reformas esenciales. Una de las más características sería el acondicionamiento de la plaza de Santa María, frente a la primitiva Catedral, por aquel entonces un terreno en brusca pendiente rocosa en el que hacía parte de su recorrido la muralla y que se convertiría en escenario de capeas y diversos espectáculos públicos. La apertura de la actual calle Bernabé Soriano o Carrera (que durante muchos siglos permanecería como la más recta y ancha de la ciudad) y el traslado de las insalubres carnicerías a extramuros de la Puerta Barrera, fueron igualmente intervenciones realizadas bajo su mandato.

Siglos XVI-XVIII

El  continuaría con este afán reformista del entramado urbano legado de la larga ocupación musulmana, abriéndose nuevas calles y plazas con el objetivo de hacer la comunicación más fluida. El , aunque marcado por grandes conflictos sociales, deja una sustancial huella en la ciudad. Si en el  el Condestable Iranzo había establecido las actuales plaza de Santa María y calle Maestra (enclave de su palacio) como centros urbanos y de ocio, en el XVII la construcción del palacio de los Vilches, en la actual plaza Deán Mazas, certifica el cambio de centro a la por entonces plaza del Mercado, verdadera plaza mayor de la ciudad. El palacio, adelantado en la línea de fachada del resto de construcciones gracias a unos soportales previos, poseía una situación privilegiada para la contemplación de la lidia de toros y de la vida diaria de la plaza. Por otro lado, los Jardines de la Alameda, proyección igualmente del XVII, son ejemplo de la preocupación de la sociedad del Siglo de Oro por ofrecer espacios de relación y de ocio, en este caso una salubre área ajardinada de paseo.

El , aunque también de grave crisis, prosigue el crecimiento hacia el sur, destacando además la fundación Real Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País en 1785.

Siglos XIX y XX

En el , malas cosechas y tensiones sociales continúan con este lento crecimiento. Sin embargo, los acontecimientos históricos acaecidos en este siglo como la desamortización de Mendizábal y la ocupación francesa dejarían una importante impronta, destacando además el inicio de la destrucción de la muralla por parte de una ciudad ya plenamente moderna.

La época de mayor auge urbano se produce a partir de los años 1950, cuando se rompió de manera definitiva el cinturón defensivo de la ciudad y se dio a la misma la posibilidad de conquistar la llanura al norte y alejarse definitivamente de las faldas del cerro de Santa Catalina. La apertura del paseo de la Estación, el ensanche de Luis Berges –racional ejemplo de planificación urbana encaminada a ejercer de tránsito entre la ciudad vieja y la nueva-, los barrios periféricos de Santa Isabel, San Felipe o la Glorieta –donde se entremezclan, enfrentadas desde mediados del siglo pasado, la arquitectura racionalista con la autocontrucción- y la reciente urbanización del Bulevar, en pleno centro de lo que en Edad del Cobre fue entonces el cinturón amurallado, diferencian ya claramente aquella ciudad medieval abrigada junto al cerro y abastecida de sus aportes de agua, y la ciudad contemporánea, que en apenas medio siglo multiplicó por tres la extensión mediante dispares casos de ordenamiento urbano.

Véase también
 Ley de Ordenación Urbanística de Andalucía
 Urbanismo en España

Bibliografía

Urbanismo de Jaén


محمد بن دخيل العصيمي العتيبي (1353 هـ / 1934م – 1436 هـ / 2015م)، من مواليد قرية سنام، إحدى قرى منطقة الرياض. كاتب ومترجم سعودي، حاصل على شهادة دبلوم في العلوم الاجتماعية.

الحياة الصحفية
 محرر في مجلة اليمامة في عهد امتياز الشيخ حمد الجاسر، ومشرف على صفحة شؤون البادية.
 محرر في الجزيرة في عهد امتياز الشيخ عبد الله بن خميس، ومشرف على صفحة شؤون البادية.
 محرر في جريدة القصيم في عهد امتياز الشيخ عبد الله الصانع.
 مشرف على صفحة نوواير شعبية في جريدة اليوم.
 كتب في عدة صحف محلية كالبلاد والمدينة المنورة والرياض والخليج العربي.
 عضو النادي الأدبي بالمنطقة الشرقية.

الحياة العملية
 أحد أفراد الجيش العربي السعودي (الحرس الملكي).
 موظف بوزارة المواصلات.
 موظف بوزارة التربية والتعليم. (المعارف سابقاً والتعليم حاليا).
 موظف برئاسة القضاة.
 موظف بوزارة العمل والشؤون الاجتماعية.
 مدير مركز التنمية الاجتماعية في قرية عرقة.
 مدير مركز التنمية الاجتماعية في مدينة عنيزة.
 مدير مركز التنمية الاجتماعية في مدينة القطيف.
 مساعد رئيس بلدية الدمام.
 مدير شؤون الموظفين في المديرية العامة للشؤون البلدية بالمنطقة الشرقية.
 مساعد رئيس بلدية منطقة القطيف.
 مدير الشؤون الإدارية في أمانة منطقة الدمام.
 رجل أعمال.

المؤلفات المطبوعة
 الكويت - تاريخ - أحداث - تحرير - وثائق - أشعار.
 شعراء عتيبة (جزءان).
 عرب فارس.

مؤلفات أخرى
 عتيبة:أنساب وتاريخ وآداب (مخطوط).
 مع قبائل الجزيرة (مخطوط) دراسة تاريخية واجتماعية.
 قبائل شرق الجزيرة (مخطوط).
 الجوهرة (مخطوط) مجموعة قصصية.
 شرق الجزيرة العربية عبر التاريخ (مخطوط) تاريخ.
 معجم التاريخ الإسلامي (مخطوط).
 أحاديث وشجون - مجموعة مقالات (مخطوط).

وفاته
توفي يوم الاثنين الثاني من فبراير لعام 2015 الموافق 13 ربيع الثاني 1436.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 معلومات عن الكاتب

أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
أعلام النهضة
إعلاميون سعوديون
مواليد 1353 هـ
مواليد 1934
نجديون
كتاب سعوديون في القرن 20
كتاب سعوديون في القرن 21
مؤرخون من منطقة الرياض
مؤرخون سعوديون في القرن 20
مؤرخون سعوديون في القرن 21
مؤرخون اجتماعيون سعوديون
مؤرخو جغرافيا السعودية
عسكريون سعوديون في القرن 20
مترجمون سعوديون
صحفيون سعوديون
وفيات 1436 هـ
وفيات 2015
شعراء بالعربية في القرن 20
شعراء بالعربية في القرن 21

محمد بن دخيل العصيمي


Leopold Ružička  (; born Lavoslav Stjepan Ružička; 13 September 1887 – 26 September 1976) was a Croatian-Swiss scientist and joint winner of the 1939 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" "including the first chemical synthesis of male sex hormones." He worked most of his life in Switzerland, and received eight doctorates honoris causa in science, medicine, and law; seven prizes and medals; and twenty-four honorary memberships in chemical, biochemical, and other scientific societies.

Early life
Ružička was born in Vukovar (at the time in the Kingdom of Hungary, Austro-Hungarian Empire, today in Croatia). His family of craftsmen and farmers was mostly of Croat origin, with a Czech great-grandparent, Ružička, and a great-grandmother and a great-grandfather from Austria. He lost his father, Stjepan, at the age of four, and his mother, Amalija Sever, took him and his younger brother Stjepan, to live in Osijek.

Ružička attended the classics program secondary school in Osijek. He changed his original idea of becoming a priest and switched to studying technical disciplines. Chemistry was his choice, probably because he hoped to get a position at the newly opened sugar refinery built in Osijek.

Owing to the excessive hardship of everyday and political life, he left and chose the High Technical School in Karlsruhe in Germany. He was a good student in areas he liked and that he thought would be necessary and beneficial in the future, which was organic chemistry. That is why his physical chemistry professor, Fritz Haber (Nobel laureate in 1918), opposed his summa cum laude degree. However, in the course of his studies, Ružička set up excellent cooperation with Hermann Staudinger (a Nobel laureate in 1953). Studying within Staudinger's department, he obtained his doctoral degree in 1910, then moving to Zurich as Staudinger's assistant.

Career in research
Ružička's first works originated in the field of chemistry of natural compounds. He remained in this field of research all his life. He investigated the ingredients of the Dalmatian insect powder Pyrethrum (from the herb Tanacetum cinerariifolium), a highly esteemed insecticide found in pyrethrins, which were the focus of his work with Staudinger. Ruzicka later said of this time: "Toward the end of five and a half years of mainly synthetic work on the pyrethrins I had come to the firm conclusion that we were barking up the wrong tree." In this way, he came into contact with the chemistry of Terpineol, a fragrant oil of vegetable origin, interesting to the perfume industry. He and Staudinger split company when he started cooperation with the Chuit & Naef Company (later known as Firmenich) in Geneva.

In 1916–1917, he received the support of the oldest perfume manufacturer in the world Haarman & Reimer, of Holzminden, Germany. He became a Swiss citizen in 1917, and published his Habilitation in 1918. Fornasir and he isolated linalool in 1919.

With expertise in the terpene field, he became senior lecturer in 1918, and in 1923, honorary professor at the ETH (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule) as well the University in Zurich. Here, with a group of his doctoral students, he proved the structure of the compounds muscone and civetone, macrocyclic ketone scents derived from the musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) and the civet cat (Viverra civetta).  These were the first natural products shown to have rings with more than six atoms, and at the time that Ružička inferred that civetone as having a 17-member ring. Synthetic techniques at the time were only known for rings of up to eight members. Muscone had been isolated in 1904 but was not identified as 3-methylcyclopentadecanone until Ružička suspected a macrocycle, having characterised civetone.  He also developed a method for synthesising macrocycles, now known as the Ruzicka large ring synthesis, which he demonstrated by preparing civetone in 1927.

In 1921, the Geneva perfume manufacturers Chuit & Naef asked him to collaborate. Working here, Ružička achieved financial independence, but not as big as he had planned, so he left Zurich to start working for the Basel-based CIBA. In 1927, he took over the organic chemistry chair at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. In the Netherlands he remained for three years, and then returned to Switzerland, which was superior in its chemical industry. A synergistic upheaval in both the administration and chemistry departments coincided to make his good fortune.

Ruzicka was first to synthesize musk at an industrial scale. Firmenech named this product Exaltone. Other Swiss manufacturers and DuPont were in competition with them.

In 1934, Ruzicka synthesized the male hormone androsterone and also proved "its constitutional and configurational relation to the sterols." This was followed in 1935 by the partial synthesis of the much more active male hormone testosterone. Both discoveries led to the pre-eminence of the Swiss industry in the steroid hormone field. At Zurich, at ETH he became professor of organic chemistry and started the most brilliant period of his professional career. He widened the area of his research, adding to it the chemistry of higher terpenes and steroids. After the successful synthesis in 1935 of sex hormones (androsterone and testosterone), his laboratory became the world center of organic chemistry. He was awarded in 1936 an honorary degree from Harvard University.

In 1939 he won the Nobel prize for chemistry with Adolf Butenandt. Over the period 1934–1939 he had published 70 papers in the field of medicinally important steroid sex hormones, and filed several dozen patents besides.

In 1940, following the award, he was invited by the Croatian Chemical Association, where he delivered a lecture to an over packed hall of dignitaries. The topic of the lecture was From the Dalmatian Insect Powder to Sex Hormones. In 1940 he became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, in 1942 he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Society, and in 1944 he became an international member of the US National Academy of Sciences. During World War II, some of his excellent collaborators were lost, but Ružička restructured his laboratory with new, younger and promising people; among them was young scientist and future Nobel laureate Vladimir Prelog. With new people and ideas new research areas were opened.

In 1946, Ruzicka and Lardon "established that the fragrance of ambergris is based on the triterpene (named) ambrein".

Following 1950, Ružička returned to chemistry, which had entered a new era of research. Now he turned to the field of biochemistry, the problems of evolution and genesis of life, particularly to the biogenesis of terpenes. In 1953, he published his hypothesis, the Biogenetic Isoprene Rule (that the carbon skeleton of terpenes is composed variously of regularly or irregularly linked isoprene units), which was the peak of his scientific career. In 1952, Oskar Jeger and he supervised a team which isolated lanosterol and established the link between terpenes and steroids. Ružička retired in 1957, turning over the running of the laboratory to Prelog.

Later life, legacy, honours and awards
Ruzicka was the recipient of eight honorary doctorates and the 1938 Marcel Benoist Prize. He was listed as author on 583 scientific papers. In 1965, he became an honorary member of the Polish Chemical Society, and he was an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. After the war he acquired a taste for Dutch masterpieces, which he later lodged in the Kunsthaus Zürich as the Ruzicka collection. He militated against nuclear weapons.

In 1970, Ruzicka delivered to the Nobel Laureate Conferences in Lindau a lecture entitled "Nobel Prizes and the chemistry of life".

In later years, he served as consultant to Sandoz A. G. of Basel.

Ružička dedicated significant efforts to the problems of education. He insisted on a better organization of academic education and scientific work in the new Yugoslavia, and established the Swiss-Yugoslav Society. Ružička became an honorary academician at the then Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts in Zagreb.

In 1974 he was awarded the Order of the Yugoslav Flag with Golden Wreath.

At ETH Zurich, the Ružička Award was established in 1957 on the occasion of his retirement, for young chemists working in Switzerland.

In his native Vukovar, a museum was opened in his honour in 1977.

Ružička's archives are kept at ETH Zurich.

The Ružička reaction is named after him.

Personal life
Ružička married twice: to Anna Hausmann in 1912, and 1951 to Gertrud Acklin. From 1929, he lived at Freudenbergstrasse 101 until the last years of his life. He died in Mammern, Switzerland, a village on Lake Constance at the age of 89. and his wife in 1992.

References

External links

 Speich, Daniel. "Leopold Ruzicka und das Verhältnis von Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft in der Chemie" . ETH Zürich. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
  including the Nobel Lecture on 12 December 1945 Multimembered Rings, Higher Terpene Compounds and Male Sex Hormones

1887 births
1976 deaths
20th-century Croatian people
Croatian biochemists
Organic chemists
Croatian scientists
Nobel laureates in Chemistry
Nobel laureates from Austria-Hungary
Croatian Nobel laureates
Scientists from Austria-Hungary
People associated with the University of Zurich
Academic staff of ETH Zurich
Academic staff of Utrecht University
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Croatian Austro-Hungarians
Croatian people of Czech descent
Croatian people of German descent
Emigrants from Austria-Hungary to Switzerland
Naturalised citizens of Switzerland
People from Vukovar
Swiss Nobel laureates
Foreign members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts

Leopold Ružička


Henry Larsen er navnet på flere personer:

 Henry Larsen (1928-1999) - dansk kunstner.
 Henry Larsen (roer) (1916-2002) - dansk roer.
 Henry Larsen (norsk roer) (1896-1969) - norsk roer.
 Henry Kristian Larsen (1914-1986) - dansk hockeyspiller.
 Henry Larsen (polarforsker) (1899-1964) - canadisk polarforsker.
 Henry Louis Larsen (1890-1962) - amerikansk general og guvernør på Guam.

Henry Larsen (flertydig)


Ein Öl- und Trübungsmelder ist ein Warngerät zur Überwachung von Wasser in einem Wasserkreislauf.

Verwendung
Es dient u. a. zur Überwachung des rückfließenden Kondensates (Kondensatüberwachung) in den Kesselwasserkreislauf, sofern die Möglichkeit der Kontamination mit Fremdstoffen wie Öl, Fett, Molke, Benzin etc. besteht. Diese Fremdstoffe können im Kessel den Wärmeübergang behindern sowie zum "Schäumen" und "Spucken" führen. Hierdurch kann salzhaltiges Kesselwasser mitgerissen werden und in den nachgeschalteten Dampfleitungen, Turbinen, Kondensatleitungen etc. zu Schäden führen. Dem Gedanken, das Kondensat einfach zu verwerfen, wenn die Gefahr einer Verunreinigung besteht, steht entgegen, dass in dem Kondensat eine Menge Energie, die vorher im Prozess der Dampferzeugung aufwendig (Wasseraufbereitung, Entgasung, chemische Dosierung, Brennstoffeinsatz usw.) erzeugt wurde, enthalten ist. Grundlage für die Forderung einer Kondensatüberwachung bilden die TRD 604 im nationalen Regelwerk bzw. die EN 12952/-53 im europäischen Regelwerk.

Funktion

Öl- und Trübungsmelder dienen der qualitativen Überwachung des rückfließenden Kondensates in den Kesselwasserkreislauf. Das System basiert auf der Durchlicht- bzw. Streulichtmessung. Dient der Streulichtkanal der Überwachung auf Fremdstoffeinbruch, so dient der Durchlichtkanal der internen Systemüberwachung sowie der Anpassung an schwankende Transparenz des zu überwachenden Kondensates. Die Ansprechempfindlichkeit dieses Systems beginnt bei 2 ppm.

Anwendung

Öl- und Trübungsmelder sollten leicht zu handhaben und zu installieren sein. Eine Reinigung des Glaszylinders sollte ohne Demontage möglich sein. Sie müssen eine hohe Schaltpunktgenauigkeit haben und ein unempfindliches optoelektronisches Messprinzip besitzen. Eine TÜV-Zulassung gemäß VdTÜV-Merkblatt Wasserüberwachung 100 ist notwendig. Dadurch sind ihre bevorzugten Einsatzgebiete:
 Kondensatüberwachung
 Turbinenölkühlung in offenen Kreisläufen
 Filterüberwachung

Literatur
 Verein Deutscher Ingenieure: Meerestechnik, Band 10, VDI-Verlag
 Öl- und Trübungsmelder, Betriebshandbuch, GESTRA AG Bremen
 Fritz Mayr: Kesselbetriebstechnik, TÜV Bayern, Autorengemeinschaft, Gräfelfing/München: Resch-Verlag 1980

Einzelnachweise

Ol
Messgerät

Öl- und Trübungsmelder


La tinamú de Bartlett o inambú de Bartlett (Crypturellus bartletti) es un tipo de perdiz común en bosques de tierras bajas de América del Sur.

Taxonomía
La Tinamú de Bartlett es una especie monotípica. Todas las perdices son de la familia Tinamidae, y en el gran esquema también de las Ratitae. A diferencia de otras aves corredoras, las perdices pueden volar, aunque en general no son buenas voladoras. Todas las aves corredoras evolucionaron desde la prehistoria a las aves que vuelan, y las perdices son el pariente vivo más cercano de estas aves.

Etimología
Crypturellus está formado por tres palabras en latín o griego. Kruptos significa cubierto u oculto, oura significa cola y ellus significa diminutivo. Por lo tanto Crypturellus significa pequeña cola oculta. Bartletti proviene de la forma de Bartlett en latín para conmemorar a Edward Bartlett.

Distribución y hábitat
La Tinamú de Bartlett se encuentra en los pantanos y los bosques de tierras bajas en regiones tropicales y subtropicales de hasta 500 m (1.600 pies) de altitud. Esta especie es nativa al oeste de la Amazonia brasileña, norte de Bolivia y este de Perú, en América del Sur. También se encuentra en el este de Ecuador.

Descripción
Es de aproximadamente 27 cm (11 pulgadas) de longitud. Sus partes superiores son de color marrón y por encima un barreteado negro, la garganta y el vientre son de color blanco, el resto de las partes inferiores son rojizos, los flancos tienen barreteado negro, y su corona es negruzca.

Referencias

Crypturellus
Aves de América del Sur
Taxones descritos por Philip Lutley Sclater
Taxones descritos por Osbert Salvin
Animales descritos en 1873

Crypturellus bartletti


William Dawson may refer to:

Politicians
 William Johnston Dawson (1765–1796/8), U.S. Representative from North Carolina
 William L. Dawson (politician) (1886–1970), U.S. Representative from Illinois
 William M. O. Dawson (1853–1916), Governor of West Virginia
 William Dawson (diplomat) (1885–1972), career United States diplomat
 William A. Dawson (1903–1981), U.S. Representative from Utah
 William Crosby Dawson (1798–1856), United States Senator from Georgia
 William Curran Dawson (1818–1893), Alabama politician, soldier
 William Dawson (Missouri politician) (1848–1929), U.S. Representative from Missouri
 William Dawson (mayor) (1825–1901), mayor of St. Paul, Minnesota
 William McDonell Dawson (1822–1890), member of the Legislative Assembly for Canada East
 William Dawson (New Zealand politician) (1852–1923), New Zealand politician for Dunedin Suburbs
 William Eddison Dawson (1829–1902), English-born businessman and political figure on Prince Edward Island

Other people
 William Dawson (college president) (1704?–1752), second president of the College of William & Mary
 William Dawson (sportsman) (1850–1916), English cricketer and rugby union player
 William "Red" Dawson (born 1942), American football player
 William Harbutt Dawson (1860–1948), British writer
 William James Dawson (1854–1928), English clergyman and author
 William L. Dawson (composer) (1899–1990), African-American composer
 William Francis Dawson (died 1829), road builder in British Ceylon, present-day Sri Lanka
 William Henderson Dawson (died 1879), Tyneside poet, songwriter, author and bookbinder
 William Leon Dawson (1873–1928), American ornithologist, author and lecturer
 William Dawson (ornithologist) (1927–2020), American ornithologist

See also
 John William Dawson (1820–1899), Canadian geologist and Principal of McGill University
 Bill Dawson (disambiguation)

William Dawson


Moxifloxacina (denumirea comercială Avelox) este un antibiotic din clasa fluorochinolonelor utilizat în tratamentul unor infecții bacteriene. Printre acestea se numără pneumonia, conjunctivita, endocardita, tuberculoza și sinuzita. Căile de administrare sunt oral, intravenos sau sub formă de picături oftalmice (colire).

Se află pe lista medicamentelor esențiale ale Organizației Mondiale a Sănătății.

Utilizări medicale

Efecte adverse
Printre reacțiile adverse comune se numără: diaree, amețeli, cefalee. Efecte adverse severe, tipice fluorochinolonelor, sunt: tendinitele și rupturile de tendoane, neuropatia periferică și înrăutățirea simptomatologiei în miastenia gravis.

Note

Vezi și
 Besifloxacină
 Gatifloxacină

Fluorochinolone
Antituberculoase
Eteri fenolici
Piperidine
Medicamente esențiale listate de OMS
Ciclopropani

Moxifloxacină


Le lac du Pé d'Estibère ou du Cascaret est un lac pyrénéen français situé administrativement dans la commune de Vielle-Aure dans le département des Hautes-Pyrénées en région  Occitanie.

C'est un lac naturel qui a une superficie de  pour une altitude de , il atteint une profondeur de

Toponymie
En occitan, estibere de estibe signifie « estive, pâturage d'été en hauteur ».

Géographie
Le lac est situé en vallée de Port Bielh Bastan, en vallée d'Aure, dans la réserve du Néouvielle dans le sud du département français des Hautes-Pyrénées dans le massif du Néouvielle.
Il est entouré de nombreux lacs comme le lac d'Aubert (), le lac d'Aumar (), le lac de l'Ile (), le lac de l'Ours (), le lac de l'Oule ().

Topographie

Hydrologie
Le lac a pour émissaire le ruisseau d'Estibère.

Climat

Protection environnementale

Le lac fait partie d'une zone naturelle protégée, classée ZNIEFF de type 1 : Réserve du Néouvielle et vallons de Port-Bielh et du Bastan.

Voies d'accès
Le lac est accessible depuis le parking du lac d'Aumar par le sentier de grande randonnée GR 10 en direction du col d'Aumar.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des lacs des Hautes-Pyrénées
 Liste des lacs des Pyrénées

Liens externes
 Lac du Pé d'Estibère

Lac Estibère
Estibère
Massif du Néouvielle

Lac du Pé d'Estibère


Dante Adrián Sanabria Bazán (16 de julio de 1959; Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina) es un ex-futbolista argentino. Jugaba de delantero y su primer club fue Huracán.

Carrera
Comenzó su carrera en 1977 jugando para Huracán. Jugó para el club hasta 1980. En 1981 se trasladó al Vélez Sarsfield, en donde juega durante todo ese año. En 1982 regresó a Huracán de Parque Patricios. Luego en ese mismo año se trasladó a España para formar parte del plantel del Hércules CF, en donde juega hasta el año 1985. En ese año se confirma su traspaso al Sevilla FC, en donde jugó hasta el año 1987. Ese año se confirma su traslado al Xerez CD, en donde se retiró del fútbol profesional en el año 1989.

Clubes

Futbolistas de Rosario
Futbolistas de las inferiores del Club Atlético Huracán
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Huracán
Futbolistas del Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield
Futbolistas del Hércules Club de Fútbol en los años 1980
Futbolistas del Sevilla Fútbol Club en los años 1980
Futbolistas del Xerez Club Deportivo

Dante Sanabria


Generalbas ili basso continuo (njem. Generalbass, tal. basso continuo) je vrsta skladanja i izvođenja glazbe u kojoj basova dionica služi kao akordni temelj skladbe. Mogu joj biti dodane brojke koje označuju akord koji tvori.

Pobliže objašnjeno, instrumentalistima u partituri nije napisana svaka nota ili notna funkcija koju trebaju odsvirati, već samo generalbas dionica, koja im daje na uvid isključivo basov ton i numeričke oznake koje govore koji akord trebaju odsvirati na tom tonu.

Ova praksa bila je korištena u glazbi baroka, a nakon svršetka baroka sve rjeđe. Danas se više ne koristi.

Povijest
Pojavljuje se u Italiji krajem 16. stoljeća u glazbi baroka i gotovo je isključiva samo za to razdoblje. Koristi se u 17. i 18. stoljeću kao način bilježenja pratnje u vokalnim i vokalno-instrumentalnim djelima izvođenim na instrumentima s tipkama (čembalo, klavikord, orgulje) i eventualno kojem žičanom instrumentu (lutnja, teorba). Kako je pratnja tekla neprekidno kroz čitavu skladbu, dionica je nazvana basso continuo. Prve upute za realizaciju generalbasa nalaze se u predgovoru djela Ludovica Viadane Sto crkvenih koncerata (1602.).

Sviranje generalbasa ubrzo je postalo veoma zahtjevno jer je izvođač morao posjedovati iznimno zahtjevno znanje harmonije. Morao je vješto postavljati i povezivati akorde, voditi linije glasova, imitirati motive i sl. Praksa generalbasa gubi se potkraj 18. stoljeća kada se javlja potreba za preciznim i potpunim zapisivanjem glazbenih djela.

Objavljeno je više uputa i udžbenika za izvođenje generalbasa, a danas se primjenjuje u nastavi harmonije, točnije u rješavanju harmonijskih zadataka.

Notacija
U realiziranju dionice generalbasa, izvođač mora poštovati razne notacije koje određuju način sviranja generalbasa, pošto je sam po sebi neodređen i može se interpretirati na više načina. Tako, na primjer, izvođač nekada može birati u kojoj oktavi da svira svoju dionicu, ili, ako nije striktno naznačeno, može odsvirati arpeggio na akordu, umjesto sve note akorda odjednom, može improvizirati ukrase i sl. Sve ovisno o tempu, karakteru skladbe i notacijama.

Jedna od tih notacija jeste fraza "tasto solo" koja u partituri nalaže da se basova dionica treba svirati samo kao već navedeni notni zapis, bez dodavanja akorda na basove tonove, tj. izvođač svira svoju dionicu kao monofonu melodiju, bez harmoniziranja basa.

Numeričke oznake
Numeričke oznake pisane ispod ili iznad basovog tona govore koji akord treba odsvirati, npr.
 bit će odsvirano kao
Ovdje je basov ton C, a ispod njega oznaka za kvartsekstakord, znači da će se odsvirati kvarta i seksta iznad basovog tona što je drugi obrat F dura.

U slučajevima gdje se neki brojevi, poput 3 ili 5 (terca ili kvinta) podrazumijevaju, može ih se izostaviti, kao ovdje:
 može biti isto zapisano kao  i oboje se realiziraju ovako:

Nekada se akord promijeni, ali se basov ton zadržava. U takvim se slučajevima oznaka za novi akord piše tamo gdje taj akord treba nastupiti.
 se realizira kao

Kada se basov ton kreće, a note iznad se zadržavaju, piše se linija pored oznake koliko god se basov ton zadržava. Treba napomenuti da kada se basov ton kreće, akordi se mijenjaju iako to oznakama nije naznačeno.
 se realizira kao

Predznaci
Kada se u generalbasu pojavi sam predznak, bez broja ispod note, taj se predznak primjenjuje na tercu od basovog tona. U drugom slučaju, ako se pojavi predznak s brojem, taj predznak utječe na interval.

 se realizira kao

Kada se pored numeričke oznake pojavi križić, on označava da ton zadanog broja mijenja visinu tona za jedan polustepen. Na primjer, ako je ton u ljestvici snižen, razriješit će ga. Ako je ton razriješen, povisit će ga. Drugi način da se ova promjena označi je da se prekriži broj. Tako svi ovi primjeri označuju isto:
 se svi realiziraju kao

Isto tako, iako rjeđe u uporabi, broj prekrižen prema gore označuje da se visina zvuka snižava za jedan polustepen. To isto radi i snizilica pored broja.
 se oboje realiziraju kao

Izvori

Glazbena teorija

Generalbas


Medocostes lestoni est une espèce africaine d'insectes hémiptères, du sous-ordre des hétéroptères (punaises) et de l'infra-ordre des Cimicomorpha. C'est la seule espèce connue du genre Medocostes, lui-même seul genre connu de la famille des Medocostidae.

Description
Cette punaise a des antennes visibles de 4 articles, des ocelles en arrière des yeux composés. Le rostre, dont la base est enserrée dans des buccules, comprend 3 segments au lieu de 4 (à la suite d'une fusion partielle), le dernier plus long que les deux autres réunis, et atteignant les hanches postérieures. Le pronotum est aplati, avec un court collier. Le scutellum est grand. À la différence des Velocipedidae, ses hémélytres ne comportent pas de cunéus, et l'exocorie n'est pas particulièrement élargie. La membrane présente 3 cellules basales et plusieurs veines simple ou bifurquées. Ses tarses médians et postérieurs comptent 3 articles. Sa taille va de 8 à 10.2 mm. Comme pour les Pachynomidae, aucune larve n'est pour l'instant connue.

Répartition et habitat
La répartition de cette espèce est afrotropicale. Les rares individus trouvés l'ont été au Ghana, au Cameroun et en République démocratique du Congo.

Elle vit dans le bois en décomposition (saproxylique), et a été trouvée sous des écorces.

Biologie
On ne sait presque rien de la biologie de cette famille et espèce, si ce n'est qu'il s'agit d'une espèce prédatrice de petits arthropodes du bois en décomposition.

Systématique
Medocostes lestoni et Medocostes carayoni ont été décrits par Pavel Štys en 1967, pour lesquelles il a créé le genre et la famille. En effet, leurs caractéristiques ne permettaient pas de les assigner à une autre famille. Toutefois, le statut de ce groupe a varié. Le genre a toutefois été successivement considéré comme un sous-groupe des Velocipedidae (Kerzhner, 1971), comme une sous-famille des Nabidae (Carayon, 1970; Kerzhner, 1981, 1989), et puis confirmé comme une famille à part entière (Schuh & Štys 1991, Schuh & Slater 1995, Schuh et al. 2009, Gossner & Damken 2018, Yamada et al. 2018). Entretemps, Medocostes carayoni a été considéré comme synonyme de M. lestoni par Kerzhner en 1989. La famille ne compte donc qu'une seule espèce. L'holotype est conservé au MNHN de Paris.

Au niveau des taxons supérieurs, cette famille a été placée parmi les Naboidea (Cimicimorpha) avec les Nabidae par la plupart des analyses phylogénétiques récentes, et dans le regroupement des Cimiciformes. Toutefois, de nombreux sites la maintiennent encore dans les Cimicoidea, comme c'est le cas pour les Nabidae.

Genre et espèce
Selon  :

 genre Medocostes Štys 1967
 espèce Medocostes lestoni Štys 1967

Liens externes

Famille:

Genre:

Notes et références

Naboidea
Espèce d'Hétéroptères (nom scientifique)
Taxon décrit en 1967
Genre d'Hétéroptères (nom scientifique)

Medocostes lestoni


Ashley Ann Cariño Barreto (Kissimmee, Florida, 3 de agosto de 1994) é uma modelo e rainha da beleza norte-americana-porto-riquenha, vencedora do concurso Miss Universo Porto Rico 2022. Ela representará Porto Rico no concurso Miss Universo 2022.

Ela já foi vencedora do Miss Florida USA 2021 e representou a Flórida no Miss USA 2021, onde ficou em 3º lugar.

Biografia
Cariño nasceu em Kissimmee, Florida e sua mãe Olga Arline Barreto participou de concursos de beleza em Porto Rico. Em 2000, ela e sua família se mudaram de Porto Rico para Kissimmee. Em 2012, ela se formou no Ensino Médio Profissional e Técnico em Kissimmee. Em meio à pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) de 2020 a 2021, ela trabalhou como reabilitadora social com um especialista em comportamento local enquanto estudava engenharia aeroespacial na Universidade da Flórida Central em Orlando.

Concurso de beleza

Miss USA 2021
Em 29 de novembro de 2021, Cariño representou a Flórida no Miss USA 2021 e competiu contra 51 outros candidatos no Paradise Cove Theatre, River Spirit Casino Resort em Tulsa, Oklahoma. Ela ficou em 3º lugar para Elle Smith de Kentucky.

Miss Universo Porto Rico 2022
Em 11 de agosto de 2022, Cariño representou Fajardo no Miss Universo Porto Rico 2022 e competiu contra 28 outros candidatos no Luis A. Ferré Performing Arts Center em San Juan. Ela ganhou o título e sucedida por Michelle Colón.

Miss Universo 2022
Cariño representará Porto Rico no Miss Universo 2022.

Ligações externas

Nascidos em 1994
Modelos de Porto Rico
Naturais de Porto Rico
Naturais da Flórida
Pessoas vivas
Modelos dos Estados Unidos
Misses dos Estados Unidos

Ashley Cariño


Lord Polwarth, of Polwarth in the County of Berwick, is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in 1690 for Sir Patrick Hume of Polwarth, 2nd Baronet, Lord Chancellor of Scotland from 1696 to 1702 (the baronetcy had been created in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia in 1637 for his father and namesake Patrick Hume). In 1697 he was further created Lord Polwarth, of Polwarth, Redbraes and Greenlaw, Viscount of Blasonberrie and Earl of Marchmont, also in the Peerage of Scotland. Upon the death of his grandson, the third Earl, the creations of 1697 became dormant (unclaimed).

The claim to the lordship of 1690 was vested in his granddaughter, Anne Anstruther-Paterson (de jure 4th Lady Polwarth), daughter of Lady Anne Hume-Campbell, eldest daughter of the third Earl. However, she died before any decision on her claim to the peerage had been reached. On her death the claim to the title passed to her aunt Diana Scott (de jure 5th Lady Polwarth), youngest daughter of the third Earl, and then to her son Hugh Hepburne-Scott. In 1835, Hugh's claim to the peerage was allowed by the House of Lords. His son, the seventh Lord, was a Scottish Representative Peer from 1843 to 1867, and like his son, the eighth Lord, served as Lord Lieutenant of Selkirkshire. The latter's great-grandson, the tenth Lord, was a Scottish Representative Peer from 1945 to 1963, Governor of the Bank of Scotland from 1966 to 1972, and served in the Conservative administration of Edward Heath, as a Minister of State at the Scottish Office, from 1972 to 1974. , the title is held by the latter's son, the eleventh Lord, who succeeded in 2005.

The heirs apparent to the Earls of Marchmont used the courtesy title Lord Polwarth.

The family seat now is Harden House, near Hawick, Roxburghshire. The former seat was Marchmont House, near Polwarth, Berwickshire. The other titles associated with the earldom derive from Greenlaw, four miles southwest of Polwarth, Redbraes Castle, the remains of which are immediately to the east of Marchmont House, and Blasonberry, which was located on the farm of Broomhill on the west bank of the Blackadder Water, quarter of a mile north of Greenlaw.

Hume baronets, of Polwarth (1637)
Sir Patrick Hume, 1st Baronet (died 1648)
Sir Patrick Hume, 2nd Baronet (1641–1724) (created Lord Polwarth in 1697)

Lords Polwarth (1690)
Patrick Hume, 1st Lord Polwarth (1641–1724) (created Earl of Marchmont in 1697)

Earls of Marchmont (1697)
Patrick Hume, 1st Earl of Marchmont (1641–1724)
Alexander Hume-Campbell, 2nd Earl of Marchmont (1676–1740)
Hugh Hume-Campbell, 3rd Earl of Marchmont (1708–1794) (earldom dormant on his death)

Lords Polwarth (1690) (continued)
Anne Anstruther-Paterson, de jure 4th Lady Polwarth (d. 1822)
Diana Scott, de jure 5th Lady Polwarth (1735–1827)
Hugh Scott, de jure later de facto 6th Lord Polwarth (1758–1841) (confirmed in title July 1835)
Henry Francis Hepburne-Scott, 7th Lord Polwarth (1800–1867)
Walter Hugh Hepburne-Scott, 8th Lord Polwarth (1838–1920) [Note that he describes himself as the 6th Lord Polwarth on the birth certificate of his son Robert Hepburne Scott, b. 01 May 1873]
Walter George Hepburne-Scott, 9th Lord Polwarth (1864–1944)
Henry Alexander Hepburne-Scott, 10th Lord Polwarth (1916–2005)
Andrew Walter Hepburne-Scott, 11th Lord Polwarth (b. 1947)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Hon. William Henry Hepburne-Scott, Master of Polwarth (b. 1973)
The heir apparent's heir apparent is his son Harry Walter Hepburne-Scott (b. 2010)

References

General Registers of Scotland, New Register House, 2 West Register Street, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, Births (CR) Scotland. Mertoun House, Mertoun, Berwickshire. 01 May 1873. SCOTT, Robert. 751/ 6.  : image accessed 20 June 2021.

See also
Marchmont House, Marchmont Estate
List of places in the Scottish Borders

Polwarth
Polwarth

Lord Polwarth


මෙය, ජනවාරි 1 දින සිකුරාදා දිනයකින් ඇරඹෙන ඕනෑම  සාමාන්‍ය අවුරුද්දක්  (ඩොමිනිකල් අකුර C) සඳහා,  දින දසුන වෙයි. නිදසුන්: ග්‍රෙගෝරියානු අවුරුදු 1993, 1999, 2010 සහ 2021
හෝ ජූලියානු අවුරුදු 1910 සහ 1899 (පහළ වගු බලන්න).

සාමාන්‍ය අවුරුද්දක් යනු දින 365 සහිත වසරකි, එනම්, අධික අවුරුද්දක් නොවේ.

n වන "දෛවෝපගත දිනය" (මෙම වසරේ ඉරිදා) n වන ISO සතිය නොවන එකම වසර වර්ගය මෙයයි ; එය  n-1 වන ISO සතියයි.

ආශ්‍රිත

ග්‍රෙගරි දින දසුන
ජූලියානු දින දසුන

සිකුරාදා දිනයකින් ඇරඹෙන සාමාන්‍ය අවුරුද්ද


On-line med forfædrene er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Prudence Uriri, Helle Toft Jensen efter manuskript af Helle Toft Jensen.

Handling
Tror du på Gud eller forfædrenes ånder? Vil du gå med til at betale brudepris - i mobiltelefoner eller penge? Skal du følge dit hjerte eller gøre som din familie forventer? Det er nogle af de spørgsmål, filmens to hovedpersoner er optaget af på deres rejse gennem det traditionelle og moderne Afrika. Jimmy og Busi er på research for musik- og teatergruppen Savannah Arts. De møder høvdinge, healere og bøsser, et spirituelt medie og en drømmetyder. De besøger Busis bedstefar på landet og er med til en ceremoni for de døde. De må se deres forfædre i øjnene for at finde deres ståsted i en modsætningsfyldt virkelighed.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2001

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

On-line med forfædrene


L'École supérieure de publicité (ESP, Sup de Pub), est un établissement d'enseignement supérieur français privé spécialisé dans les métiers de la communication et du marketing en formant des techniciens spécialisés dans la publicité, fondé en 1926 et situé dans le  arrondissement de Paris.

Histoire
Créée en 1926, l'École technique de publicité (ETP), premier nom de l'école, remonte à l'initiative de publicitaires de la Corporation des techniciens de la publicité (CTP) créée en 1913, qui deviendra la Fédération française de la publicité en 1935. À la création de l'ETP, l'école comprend une équipe pédagogique essentiellement composée d'annonceurs et de représentants d'agences de publicité, menés par le président du Groupement des chefs de publicité Henri Ruzé.

Entre 1927 et 1933, l'École technique de publicité (ETP) dispense des cours pour un petit nombre d'élèves, hébergée par le Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (CNAM), puis par un établissement de la Chambre de commerce de Paris, puis un lycée parisien : elle délivre entre 30 et 40 diplômes après un an d'études. Durant cette période, le publicitaire Octave-Jacques Gérin enseigne à l'ETP. En 1931, une deuxième année est ajoutée à la formation de l'ETP, qui délivre alors un brevet professionnel, diplôme national français de niveau baccalauréat.

Dans les années 1950, l'ETP dispense une formation en deux ans et diplôme ainsi une centaine d'élèves par an avec un « brevet d'études professionnelles de technicien en publicité ». L'École technique de publicité (ETP) subit également la concurrence des écoles de commerce, puis des Instituts d'administration des entreprises (IAE). En 1958, elle ajoute une année supplémentaire à sa formation, désormais de trois ans et devient l'École supérieure de publicité (ESP).

Dès 1962, l'École supérieure de publicité (ESP) prépare à l'examen du brevet de technicien supérieur (BTS), diplôme national français, en cours du soir. La loi de 1971 sur la formation continue, lui permet de préparer au BTS en cours de jour.

En 2014, l'École supérieure de publicité annonce la création d'une classe préparatoire aux concours d'entrée du CELSA - Sorbonne Université.

En septembre 2019, Pierre-Edouard Schmitt est nommé directeur de l'École supérieure de publicité.

Formation
L'École supérieure de publicité (ESP) dispense des formations de niveau bac+2, avec un brevet de technicien supérieur en communication (BTS) ; de niveau bac+3, avec un cursus bachelor délivrant un titre certifié ; ainsi que de niveau bac+5.

Classement
En 2022, la formation « bachelor » de l'École supérieure de publicité en « communication et publicité » est classée  par Eduniversal (Classement licences et bachelors communication & médias, 2022).

Enseignants et anciens élèves
L'école dispose de son réseau d'anciens élèves.

Quelques anciens élèves
 Jean-Pierre Nadir, homme d'affaires français, fondateur du site web EasyVoyage.
 Jean-Gabriel Causse, écrivain et designer français.
 Philippe Muyl, réalisateur, scénariste et producteur français.
 Claude Gewerc, homme politique français, ancien président du conseil régional de Picardie.
 Cyril-Alexandre Blanc, homme d'affaires français.

Quelques enseignants et anciens enseignants
 Paul Soisson, écrivain, auteur et publicitaire français.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Chessel Marie-Emmanuelle, « L'enseignement de la publicité en France au xxe siècle », Le Temps des médias, 2004, .
 Michel Janin, « L'École technique de publicité et sa place dans la formation professionnelle », Annuaire du Groupement des chefs de publicité de France, 1958.

Notes et références

Article connexe

 Études de communication en France

Liens externes

 Site officiel

Enseignement supérieur à Paris

École supérieure de publicité