In number theory an ideal number is an algebraic integer which represents an ideal in the ring of integers of a number field; the idea was developed by Ernst Kummer, and led to Richard Dedekind's definition of ideals for rings. An ideal in the ring of integers of an algebraic number field is principal if it consists of multiples of a single element of the ring, and nonprincipal otherwise. By the principal ideal theorem any nonprincipal ideal becomes principal when extended to an ideal of the Hilbert class field. This means that there is an element of the ring of integers of the Hilbert class field, which is an ideal number, such that the original nonprincipal ideal is equal to the collection of all multiples of this ideal number by elements of this ring of integers that lie in the original field's ring of integers.

Example
For instance, let  be a root of , then the ring of integers of the field  is , which means all  with  and  integers form the ring of integers. An example of a nonprincipal ideal in this ring is the set of all  where  and  are integers; the cube of this ideal is principal, and in fact the class group is cyclic of order three. The corresponding class field is obtained by adjoining an element  satisfying  to , giving . An ideal number for the nonprincipal ideal  is . Since this satisfies the equation
 it is an algebraic integer.

All elements of the ring of integers of the class field which when multiplied by  give a result in  are of the form , where

and

The coefficients α and β are also algebraic integers, satisfying

and

respectively. Multiplying  by the ideal number  gives , which is the nonprincipal ideal.

History
Kummer first published the failure of unique factorization in cyclotomic fields in 1844 in an obscure journal; it was reprinted in 1847 in Liouville's journal. In subsequent papers in 1846 and 1847 he published his main theorem, the unique factorization into (actual and ideal) primes.

It is widely believed that Kummer was led to his "ideal complex numbers" by his interest in Fermat's Last Theorem; there is even a story often told that Kummer, like Lamé, believed he had proven Fermat's Last Theorem until Lejeune Dirichlet told him his argument relied on unique factorization; but the story was first told by Kurt Hensel in 1910 and the evidence indicates it likely derives from a confusion by one of Hensel's sources. Harold Edwards says the belief that Kummer was mainly interested in Fermat's Last Theorem "is surely mistaken" (Edwards 1977, p. 79). Kummer's use of the letter λ to represent a prime number, α to denote a λth root of unity, and his study of the factorization of prime number  into "complex numbers composed of th roots of unity" all derive directly from a paper of Jacobi which is concerned with higher reciprocity laws. Kummer's 1844 memoir was in honor of the jubilee celebration of the University of Königsberg and was meant as a tribute to Jacobi. Although Kummer had studied Fermat's Last Theorem in the 1830s and was probably aware that his theory would have implications for its study, it is more likely that the subject of Jacobi's (and Gauss's) interest, higher reciprocity laws, held more importance for him. Kummer referred to his own partial proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for regular primes as "a curiosity of number theory rather than a major item" and to the higher reciprocity law (which he stated as a conjecture) as "the principal subject and the pinnacle of contemporary number theory." On the other hand, this latter pronouncement was made when Kummer was still excited about the success of his work on reciprocity and when his work on Fermat's Last Theorem was running out of steam, so it may perhaps be taken with some skepticism.

The extension of Kummer's ideas to the general case was accomplished independently by Kronecker and Dedekind during the next forty years. A direct generalization encountered formidable difficulties, and it eventually led Dedekind to the creation of the theory of modules and ideals. Kronecker dealt with the difficulties by developing a theory of forms (a generalization of quadratic forms) and a theory of divisors. Dedekind's contribution would become the basis of ring theory and abstract algebra, while Kronecker's would become major tools in algebraic geometry.

References
Nicolas Bourbaki, Elements of the History of Mathematics. Springer-Verlag, NY, 1999.
Harold M. Edwards, Fermat's Last Theorem. A genetic introduction to number theory. Graduate Texts in Mathematics vol. 50, Springer-Verlag, NY, 1977.
C.G. Jacobi, Über die complexen Primzahlen, welche in der theori der Reste der 5ten, 8ten, und 12ten Potenzen zu betrachten sind, Monatsber. der. Akad. Wiss. Berlin (1839) 89-91.
E.E. Kummer, De numeris complexis, qui radicibus unitatis et numeris integris realibus constant, Gratulationschrift der Univ. Breslau zur Jubelfeier der Univ. Königsberg, 1844; reprinted in Jour. de Math. 12 (1847) 185-212.
E.E. Kummer, Über die Zerlegung der aus Wurzeln der Einheit gebildeten complexen Zahlen in ihre Primfactoren, Jour. für Math. (Crelle) 35 (1847) 327-367.
John Stillwell, introduction to Theory of Algebraic Integers by Richard Dedekind. Cambridge Mathematical Library, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain, 1996.

External links
 Ideal Numbers, Proof that the theory of ideal numbers saves unique factorization for cyclotomic integers at Fermat's Last Theorem Blog.

Number theory
Numbers

Ideal number


Georg Wenzel Ritter est un bassoniste et compositeur allemand né à Mannheim le  et mort à Berlin le .

Biographie

Georg Wenzel Ritter naît le  à Mannheim.

Son père, Heinrich Ritter, était bassoniste au célèbre en son temps orchestre de Mannheim, à la cour de l'électeur palatin Karl Theodor de Mannheim, futur Charles-Théodore de Bavière. Georg Wenzel rejoint le même orchestre comme bassoniste en 1764, poste qu'il occupe jusqu'en 1778.

En 1774, il donne une série de concerts à Londres. En 1777, il rencontre Mozart à Mannheim, qu'il retrouve à Paris en avril 1778. C'est d'ailleurs pour Ritter que Mozart, qui l'estimait beaucoup comme musicien, écrit la partie de basson de la Symphonie concertante K.Anh.9/297B.

En 1778, au déménagement de la cour à Munich, Ritter est second basson de l'orchestre jusqu'en septembre 1788.

À partir d'octobre 1788, il rejoint l'orchestre de la cour de Prusse de Frédéric-Guillaume II, à Berlin. Le Musikalische Real-Zeitung le décrit à cette époque comme l'un des plus grands virtuoses de son instrument, et souligne en particulier le salaire exceptionnel de  thalers qui lui est versé. Dittersdorf loue son jeu, « incomparable ».

Georg Wenzel Ritter devient également un professeur réputé, formant notamment Carl Baermann, qui lui succédera, ou Georg Friedrich Brandt, dédicataire et créateur du Concerto pour basson de Weber.

Il reste à Berlin jusqu'à sa mort, le .

Comme compositeur, Ritter est notamment l'auteur de deux concertos pour basson, publiés chez l'éditeur parisien Bailleux, et de six quatuors pour basson et cordes .

Œuvres

 Six Airs variés pour flûte et basson (Paris, 1793), perdus
 Six Quatuors pour basson et cordes, , dédiés au marquis de Turpin (Paris, Sieber, vers 1779)
 Deux Concertos pour basson (Paris, Bailleux, vers 1790), perdus
 Duetto, duo pour bassons, copie manuscrite à la bibliothèque d'État de Mecklembourg-Poméranie à Schwerin (éd. moderne Accolade)
 Quartetto, pour basson et cordes, manuscrit à la bibliothèque d'État de Saxe à Dresde

Iconographie
Un portrait de Ritter a été gravé en 1805 par F. W. Bollinger, dont un exemplaire est conservé à la bibliothèque nationale d'Autriche.

Discographie

 Georg Wenzel Ritter, Six Quartets for Bassoon and Strings, Op. 1, Paolo Carlini (basson) et I Virtuosi Italiani String Trio, 2007, Naxos 8.570500.

Références

Bibliographie

 .
 .

Liens externes

Compositeur allemand de la période classique
Bassoniste allemand
Naissance en avril 1748
Naissance à Mannheim
Naissance dans l'électorat palatin
Décès en juin 1808
Décès à Berlin
Décès à 60 ans

Georg Wenzel Ritter


Dracula, rod američkih kaćunovki rasprostranjenih od južnog Meksika pa preko Srednje Amerike do Perua na jugu. Ime roda dolazi po latinskoj riječi za zmaja, zbog krvavo-crvene boje nekih vrsta orhideja. Opisan je 1978.

Najviše vrsta (epifiti su) raste u Ekvadoru i Kolumbiji. Preferiraju hladovinu i hladniju temperaturu.

Vrste
Priznato je 138 vrsta:

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Pleurothallidinae

Dracula


Împărțirea cu zero sau Împărțirea la zero se poate referi la:

 Împărțirea cu zero, concept din matematică
 Împărțirea la zero (carte), carte de Ted Chiang

Împărțirea cu zero (dezambiguizare)


Stanko Stojić, hrvatski teolog, angažiran kao novinar, kolumnist, nekadašnji član splitske skupine mladih 'Hrvatsko nadzemlje' i jedan od autora i glumaca emisije 'Božanstvena komedija' u kojoj tumači lik Ivana K. Urednik emisije na Laudato TV O, tempora!.

Izvori

Hrvatski rimokatolički teolozi
Hrvatski televizijski urednici
Hrvatski televizijski glumci
Životopisi, Split

Stanko Stojić


An Poa confinis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni George Vasey. An Poa confinis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Poa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Poa

Poa confinis


En la teología cristiana, principalmente la católica, la mortificación es vista como una forma de ascetismo, un medio de ayudar a las personas a llevar vidas virtuosas y santas. Es una práctica cristiana que consiste en realizar un sacrificio mental o físico por amor a Dios con el objetivo de unirse a la pasión de Jesucristo y, por lo tanto, como medio de participación en la redención.

El sacerdote francés Adolphe Tanquerey definió la mortificación como «la lucha contra las malas inclinaciones para someterse a la voluntad y esta a Dios». Teresa de Calcuta practicó la mortificación utilizando el cilicio, y pedía a sus hermanas que también ellas lo practicaran. Francisco de Asís, Benito de Palermo, Tomás Moro, Pablo VI, Lucía dos Santos y Hans Urs von Balthasar son algunos otros personajes conocidos que practicaron la mortificación en un sentido cristiano.

Véase también
 Cilicio
 Sufrimiento
 Dolor

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 La mortificación en la Iglesia Primitiva de Primeroscristianos.com

Comportamientos y experiencias religiosas

de:Abtötung
en:Mortification

Mortificación (teología)


Organski Rankineov ciklus (ORC) je varijacija Rankineovog ciklusa  koji umjesto vode kao radnog medija koristi organski fluid. Relativno niska temperatura isparavanja organskog fluida dopušta korištenje toplinskih izvora nižih temperatura (biomasa, otpadna toplina, geotermalna i sunčeva energija). Toplina iz niskotemperaturnog izvora je u procesu pretvorena u koristan rad koji može biti iskorišten za dobivanje električne energije. ORC je najčešće korištena tehnologija kada govorimo o dobivanju električne energije iz niskotemperaturnih izvora.

Princip rada

U idealnom Rankineovom procesu uzimamo u obzir izobarne izmjene topline u kotlu i kondenzatoru te izentropsku ekspanziju radnog medija u turbini. To su, naravno, samo hipotetički mogući slučajevi te u realnim procesima dolazi do dodatnih disipacijskih efekata tijekom procesa. Izmjene topline koje se odvijaju u kotlu i kondenzatoru odvijaju se uz dodatne padove tlakova, te u turbini dolazi do izmjene topline s okolišem. Izentropski stupanj djelovanja daje omjer snage dobivene u realnom procesu i izentropske snage. Prisutnost trenja u odnosu na idealni proces dakako doprinosi ukupnoj neravnotežnosti procesa. Princip rada organskog Rankineovog ciklusa je isti kao i u Rankineovom ciklusu gdje je radni medij voda. Radni medij isparava u kotlu nakon čega u parnoj fazi ulazi u turbinu gdje ekspandira. U kondenzatoru se radni medij pretvara u kapljevitu fazu te nakon potpune kondenzacije, radni medij je pomoću pumpe stlačen na kotlovski tlak. Temeljne razlike u odnosu na klasičan Rankineov proces su organski radni medij te izvor topline niže temperature. Ciklus s vodenom parom pogodan je za temperature na ulazu u turbinu od oko 350°C. Organski fluidi imaju niže vrelište od vode pa će zato biti prigodni pri korištenju s toplinskim izvorima temperatura nižih od 350°C. Krivulje napetosti u T-s dijagramu potvrđuju tu činjenicu te se iz njih može iščitati kako organski fluidi u odnosu na vodu trebaju manje dovedene specifične topline kako bi prošli transformaciju iz vrele kapljevine u zasićenu paru.

Geotermalna energija
Geotermalni izvori topline nude široki spektar različitih temperatura, sve do 300°C. Donja granica temperature izvora je oko 80°C jer ispod te temperature izvora cjelokupan proces nebi bio isplativ. Kako bi cijeli sustav funkcionirao, potrebne su dvije bušotine i to jedna koja će dovoditi vodu visoke temperature te druga koja će odvoditi vodu natrag u zemlju nakon što je ona predala potrebnu toplinu procesu. Ovisno o geografskom položaju, bušotine znaju biti duboke i do nekoliko tisuća metara te njihovo bušenje zahtjeva nekoliko mjeseci kontinuiranog rada. Veliki dio investicije otpada upravo na bušotine (do 70%). Potrebna je izdašna snaga pumpe koja mora dobaviti vruću vodu s nekoliko kilometara dubine pa je razumljivo zašto nisko temperaturni izvori nisu isplativi (čak i do 50% snage dobivene procesom otpada na dobavu vruće vode). Izvori visoke temperature (>150°C) omogućuju kombinirano dobivanje električne energije i korištenje topline za grijanje.

Biomasa
Sustav s biomasom se najviše isplati koristiti lokalno. Gustoća energije biomase je puno manja od često korištenih fosilnih goriva što bi značilo visoke cijene transporta u slučaju opksrbe udaljenijih postrojenja. U postrojenju s biomasom, ulje se koristi kao posrednik između komore gdje izgara biomasa i radnog medija, odnosno, ulje prenosi toplinu na radni medij u procesu. Ulje temperature oko 300°C predaje toplinu radnom fluidu koji ekspandira u turbini nakon čega prolazi kroz regenerator kojem je zadaća predgrijavanje kondenzata prije nego što on uđe u kotao na ponovnu izmjenu topline s uljem. Radni medij prolazi kroz kondenzator pri temperaturi od oko 90°C te predaje toplinu vodi koja kasnije služi za potrebe grijanja. Efikasnost dobivanja električne energije je mala, te se ona smanjuje s manjim postrojenjem. Iskorištavanje topline koju predaje kondenzator je bitna stavka jer ona povećava efikasnost energijske konverzije procesa, odnosno, ne koristimo samo snagu na turbini za dobivanje električne energije nego koristimo i toplinu iz kondenzatora za npr. sušenje drva u industriji ili jednostavno grijanje prostorija.

Otpadna toplina
Mnoga postrojenja u industriji oslobađaju toplinu niske temperature pri proizvodnji. Ovdje se radi o velikim iznosima topline te ona najčešće biva ispuštena u atmosferu uz prisutnost velikih emisija ugljikova (IV) oksida. Ove emisije se mogu smanjiti ako otpadna toplina posluži za dobivanje električne energije. Konkretno, otpadna toplina se koristi u svrhu transformacije radnog medija iz stanja kapljevine u stanje pare. Industrije koje se bave proizvodnjom cementa i čelika imaju velik potencijal iskorištavanja otpadne topline. U cementnoj industriji je čak 40% topline izgubljeno u dimnim plinovima (5% svjetske emisije CO2). Usprkos visokom potencijalu i niskoj cijeni ORC tehnologije koja radi uz pomoć otpadne topline, samo 10% ORC elektrana u svijetu rade uz pomoć iste.

Radni fluidi

Radne fluide možemo podijeliti na mokre, izentropske i suhe. Njihove razlike su očite ako se pogledaju krivulje napetosti u T-s dijagramima. Krivulja zasićenja mokrih fluida (voda, propan) je negativnog nagiba, dok izentropski fluidi (R11, R142) imaju okomitu liniju zasićenja. Krivulja zasićenja suhih fluida (izobutan, R245fa, R236fa, toluen) je pozitivnog nagiba. Upravo nagib krivulje zasićenja iz T-s dijagrama određuje u kakvom će stanju radni fluid izaći iz turbine. Prema tome, izentropski i suhi fluidi su najpogodniji za očuvanje opreme (lopatice turbine) jer napuštaju turbinu u stanju pregrijane pare. U turbini tijekom ekspanzije, pod uvjetom da je prisutna kapljevita faza u radnom fluidu, moguća je erozija lopatica zbog udarnog i kavitacijskog djelovanja kapljica vlage. Korištenjem suhih i izentropskih fluida taj scenarij se izbjegava. Ipak, ako je nagib krivulje zasićenja prevelik, tada radni fluid napušta turbinu sa značajnim pregrijanjem što kasnije može biti izgubljeno u kondenzatoru. U tom slučaju potrebno je ugraditi regenerator za predgrijavanje kondenzata prije nego što uđe u kotao. Ugradnjom regeneratora smo dodatno povećali investicijske troškove i poskupili cjelokupan proces.

S obzirom na kemijski sastav radnih fluida, dijelimo ih na:

1. Ugljikovodike

2. Etere

3. Alkohole

4. Siloksane

5. Fluorovodike

6. Klorofluorugljike (CFC)

7. Klorodifluormetane (HCFC)

8. Hidrofluorugljike (HFC)

9. Hidrofluorolefine (HFO)

Izbor radnih fluida
Izbor radnih fluida je jedan od najvažnijih čimbenika za dobro funkcioniranje cijelog procesa. Izbor radnog fluida utjecat će na izlaznu snagu koju daje turbina. Trebao bi se izbjegavati izbor mokrih fluida jer imaju negativni nagib krivulje zasićenja što znači da se u radnom fluidu za vrijeme ekspanzije može naći kapljevita faza koja potencijalno može oštetiti lopatice turbine. Kod dizajniranja postrojenja treba voditi računa o maksimalnim postizivim tlakovima što uvelike utječe na troškove opreme te pravilnim izborom radnog fluida možemo iznose tlakova dovesti u razumnu granicu. Za razliku od vode, organski fluidi imaju tendenciju degradacije na višim temperaturama na kojima su podložni određenim kemijskim promjenama, dakle, temperatura toplinskog izvora je ograničena svojstvima radnog fluida. Kod izbora organskog fluida treba naravno treba voditi računa o njegovom utjecaju na okoliš, a da u isto vrijeme bude siguran i cjenovno prihvatljiv.

Zaključak
Toplinski strojevi koji rade po ORC tehnologiji postaju sve popularniji u malim lokalnim zajednicama gdje se raspolaže s biomasom. Uzevši u obzir malu gustoću energije biomase i visoku cijenu njenog transporta, najbolje ju je primijeniti na mjestu njezinog nastanka. Upotreba ORC postrojenja se također čini prikladnim kod korištenja u mjestima gdje priključci na električnu mrežu nisu pouzdani. Investicijski troškovi za postrojenja male snage su veliki, stoga se može reći da potpora državnih vlasti igra ključnu odluku kada se govori o razvoju ORC tehnologija. Pravilnim izborom radnog fluida značajno utječemo na investicijske troškove, dimenzije komponenti procesa, samu efikasnost procesa i na zdravlje ljudi. Primjenom ORC tehnologije smanjujemo ovisnost o fosilnim gorivima, smanjujemo emisije CO2 u atmosferi te doprinosimo sveukupnoj energetskoj efikasnosti jedne zajednice.

Izvori
1. http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/96436

2. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/191145

3. http://www.powerfromthesun.net/Book/chapter12/chapter12.html#12.2%20%20%20%20%20Rankine%20Power%20Cycles

4. http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/138756

Termodinamika

Organski Rankineov ciklus


Chouliarádes, en , est un village du dème des Tzoumérka-du-Nord, district régional de Ioánnina, en Épire, Grèce.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du village s'élève à .

La localité abrite un centre d'information pour les visiteurs du parc national de Tzoumérka-Achelóos-Ágrafa-Météores.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Village en Épire (périphérie)

Chouliarádes


La temporada 1965 fue la primera edición de la Japan Soccer League, el nivel más alto de la liga de fútbol japonesa.

Antecedentes
El 16 de enero de 1965 , en una reunión en Hyogo, el entonces director técnico de la saliente Nacional Cramer Dettmar sugirió el establecimiento de un concurso nacional que ya existe affiancasse de la Copa del Emperador. Después de la defección de los clubes del campus, que dieron voluntariamente en el proyecto, se decidió que participaron ocho equipos que representaron a los clubes deportivos de las principales empresas y grupos financieros (entre otros, el Mitsubishi Heavy Industries , el Mazda y el Hitachi) , clasificada entre las mejores opciones de la actual categoría de campeonato.
Reglamento fue adoptado como el round robin con un retorno de la fórmula y el sistema de asignación que incluyó dos puntos para el equipo ganador en un partido, uno cada uno por un empate y cero para el perdedor. Los primeros cuatro equipos también se han obtenido acceso a la Copa del Emperador, mientras que los dos últimos equipos han jugado en un playoff que vio una cruz desafío divisiones entre los finalistas del ' Campeonato de Fútbol Senior de Japón , creado para la ocasión. El Reglamento preveía también la aprobación de las camisetas blancas para el equipo que jugó el partido en casa.

Sistema del campeonato

El torneo comenzó el 6 de junio: la primera ronda, que se cerró en menos de un mes (4 de julio), vio la supremacía del Yawata Steel de Kitakyushu , capaz de perder un solo punto de los 14 posibles, por un empate en el choque con el oponente directo a la carrera por el título, el Toyo Kogyo de Hiroshima. Durante la segunda ronda, que comenzó el 12 de septiembre, Toyo Kogyo anotó todos los puntos de gestión para superar a sus rivales, fue la decisiva victoria de 3-2 en el partido disputado en el Estadio Nacional de Tokio de 10 de octubre. Pronto, la batalla fue muy emocionante para la clasificación en la Copa del Emperador , con el Hitachi que, después de confirmar el punto de inflexión el rendimiento de la primera vuelta, obtuvo el boleto sin problemas para el torneo nacional eliminatorio. En la parte inferior de la tabla de posiciones, el Yanmar Diesel de Osaka había garantizado la permanencia porque el Urawa Club rechazó jugar la promoción, mientras que el Nagoya Mutual Bank evitó el descenso gracias a un a victoria de 5-1 obtenida en el partido de ida contra el Nippon Kokan de Kawasaki.

Clasificación

Primera ronda

Enlaces externos
 Estadísticas de liga

Japón en 1965
Fútbol en 1965
Temporadas de la Japan Soccer League

Japan Soccer League 1965


A National Capital Wing Civil Air Patrol (DCWG abreviado para NatCap) é o mais alto escalão da Civil Air Patrol no distrito de Washington, D.C.. A National Capital Wing consiste em mais de 550 cadetes e membros adultos em mais de 6 localidades no Distrito de Columbia; na cidade de Alexandria, condado de Arlington e condado de Fairfax no norte da Virgínia; e no condado de Prince George's, MD.

A ala da National Capital é membro da Região do Atlântico Central da CAP juntamente com as alas dos seguintes Estados: Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia e West Virginia.

Missão
A National Capital Wing executa as três missões principais da Civil Air Patrol (CAP): fornecer serviços de emergência; oferecendo programas de cadetes para jovens; e fornecer educação aeroespacial para membros do CAP e para o público em geral.

Serviços de emergência
A Civil Air Patrol realiza serviços de emergência em situações de emergência por meio de diversas missões, entre elas: busca e salvamento; gestão de emergência; ajuda humanitária e operações antidrogas.

Programas de cadetes
A CAP administra um programa de cadetes com o objetivo de aprimorar as habilidades de liderança dos cadetes, cultivando o interesse pela aviação, e também para prestar serviços à Força Aérea dos Estados Unidos e à comunidade local.

Educação aeroespacial
A CAP executa programas de educação aeroespacial internos e externos. O programa interno oferece educação aeroespacial para os membros do CAP, tanto seniores quanto cadetes. O programa externo fornece ao público em geral educação aeroespacial.

Recursos
Em 2012, a National Capital Wing tinha 2 Cessna 172 e um Cessna 182. Eles tinham 13 veículos, principalmente vans de 9 a 10 lugares divididos entre os esquadrões. Eles tinham 5 repetidores VHF/FM e 61 estações VHF/FM, com 6 estações HF.

Organização

Ver também
 First Air Force
 Civil Air Patrol
 District of Columbia Air National Guard
 Prêmios e condecorações da Civil Air Patrol
 História da Civil Air Patrol

Ligações externas

 Tri-Wing Encampment
 Civil Air Patrol Official Website
 Civil Air Patrol News

Organizações dos Estados Unidos
Educação e treinamento militar
Força Aérea dos Estados Unidos
Educação em Washington, D.C.
Ajuda humanitária

National Capital Wing Civil Air Patrol


පිටකෝට්ටේ ගල් අම්බලම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කෝට්ටේ දැකගත හැකි ඉපැරණි අම්බලම් අතුරින් එකකි. එය කොළඹ  - නුගේගොඩ මාර්ගය, බත්තරමුල්ල - දෙහිවල මාර්ගය සහ බොරැල්ල - තලවතුගොඩ යන මාර්ග එකිනෙක හමුවන තුන්මන් හන්දියේ පිහිටා ඇත.

කෝට්ටේ රාජධානියට (1413-1565) අයත් සිතියමක කෝට්ටේ ගල් අම්බලම ගැන මුල් කාලීන සඳහනක් දැක්වේ. පිටකෝට්ටේ සිට ඇතුල්කෝට්ටේ වෙත පිවිසෙන ජනයාගේ ගිමන් නිවා ගැනීම උදෙසා සහ ආගන්තුකයින් ඇතුල්කෝට්ටේ වෙත පිවිසීම උදෙසා අවසරය ලැබෙන තුරු නැවතී සිටීමේ ස්ථානයක් ලෙස මෙම අම්බලම ප්‍රයෝජනයට ගන්නට ඇතැයි සැලකේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

[[ප්‍රවර්ගය:අම්බලෂකොළඹ දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පුරාවිද්‍යා ආරක්‍ෂිත ස්මාරක

පිටකෝට්ටේ ගල් අම්බලම


Hippolyte Frandin est un diplomate français, né le 3 janvier 1852 à Agrigente en Sicile, en Italie, et mort en 1926. Il a été consul de France en Corée entre 1890 et 1895.

Biographie
Joseph Hippolyte Frandin est le fils de Joseph-Hippolyte-Eugène Frandin et de Pauline Lemagne. Ses parents étaient français ; son père était diplomate français lorsqu'il est né le 3 janvier 1852 à Girgenti, en Sicile, en Italie. Sa sœur  (1859-1911), était une chanteuse d'opéra franco-finlandaise.

Enfance

Études
Il a étudié à l'école des langues orientales.

Carrière professionnelle

Chine
Il arrive en 1875 en Chine comme élève-interprète. Il devient interprète à Tianjin (en Chine) en 1880, et consul par de 1883 à 1884. Entre 1885 et 1886, il est consul de Canton. En 1886 et 1887, il est vice consul de Hankou.

Corée
Il nommé le 12 juillet 1890 en tant que consul et commissaire du gouvernement français. Il remplace Victor Collin de Plancy à ce poste du 9 avril 1892 jusqu'au 23 décembre 1895. Son passage n'a pas été apprécié par Gustave Mutel, alors vicaire apostolique de Corée, et Victor Collin de Plancy ne l'apprécie pas vraiment et souhaite retourner en Corée depuis son remplacement.

Autres pays et missions
Il est nommé consul à Bogota en Colombie du 23 décembre 1895 au 6 avril 1897, puis consul à Quito, en Équateur du 6 avril 1897 au 7 mai 1902.

Il est mandaté par la France pour déterminer le tracé de la frontière entre la colonie française du Tonkin (actuel Vietnam) et la Chine ; il y intervient avec le titre de président de la Commission de délimitation du Tonkin.

Fin de vie
Il part en retraite le 27 décembre 1911.

Il décède en 1924 ou 1926.

Distinctions
 Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (26 février 1889).
 Officier de la Légion d'honneur (24 janvier 1919).

Notes et références

Annexes

Liens externes

Bibliographie
 Thèse : « Aspect des échanges franco-coréens : la réception de la littérature romantique et les traductions du "Rouge et le Noir" » Mi-Hwa Chu, 2012

Ambassadeur français
Officier de la Légion d'honneur promu en 1919
Naissance en janvier 1852
Naissance à Agrigente

Hippolyte Frandin


An Carex hebetata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Francis M.B. Boott. An Carex hebetata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Peru. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex hebetata


Leopoldo, Príncipe Hereditário de Anhalt (18 de julho de 1855 – 2 de fevereiro de 1886) foi o filho mais velho e herdeiro aparente do duque Frederico I de Anhalt e de sua esposa Antônia de Saxe-Altemburgo. Após a morte de seu avô Leopoldo IV em 1871, Leopoldo se tornou herdeiro do trono do Ducado de Anhalt. Casou-se com a princesa Isabel de Hesse-Cassel e teve uma filha, a princesa Antonieta de Anhalt. Leopoldo faleceu em 1886, sem deixar filhos do sexo masculino e portanto seu irmão Frederico, o sucedeu como herdeiro do trono de Anhalt .

Referências

Leopoldo de Anhalt


Abdel Ghani Alani, auch Ghani Alani geschrieben, (* 1937 in Bagdad, Irak) ist ein in Frankreich lebender Kalligraf irakischer Herkunft.

Leben

Alani lebt seit Jahrzehnten in Frankreich und ist einer der international bekannten Vertreter der zeitgenössischen, arabisch-islamischen  Kalligrafie, dessen Werke in vielen Ländern ausgestellt wurden. Er steht in der Tradition der Kalligrafieschule von Bagdad und lehrte seine Kunst an der Universität Aix-en-Provence, danach am Institut national des langues et civilisations orientales (Inalco) in Paris, sowie an den Atéliers des Beaux-Arts de la Ville de Paris.

Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen

 2009: UNESCO-Scharjah-Preis für arabische Kultur

Werke
(Auswahl)
 Ohne Titel. Schwarze Tusche auf Papier, 60 cm × 50 cm, British Museum – Brooke Sewell Permanent Fund, London 1990.

Veröffentlichungen
 Calligraphie arabe. Initiation (= Caractères. 3). Éditions Fleurus, Paris 2001, ISBN 2-215-07065-X.
 in polnischer Sprache: Kaligrafia arabska. Wydawnictwo RM, Warschau 2008, ISBN 978-83-7243-657-3.
 L'Écriture de l'écriture. Traité de calligraphie arabo-musulmane. Éditions Dervy, Paris 2002, ISBN 2-8445-4143-7.
 mit Joël-Claude Meffre: Une geste des signes. Éditions Fata Morgana, Saint-Clément-la-Rivière 2002, ISBN 2-85194-572-6.
 Diwan des lettres amoureuses. Éditions L'Archange Minotaure, Apt 2007, ISBN 978-2-914453-84-4.
 mit Giovanni Dottoli: Calligraphie de l'alphabet	(= Fogli di poesia. 2). Schena u. a., Fasano (Italien) u. a. 2009, ISBN 978-88-8229-828-9 (italienisch; Parallelausgabe).
 mit Giovanni Dottoli: Calligraphie de l'alphabet	(= Fogli di poesia. 2). Schena u. a., Fasano (Italien) u. a. 2009, ISBN 978-2-35755-027-8 (französisch; Parallelausgabe).

Weblinks

Kalligraf (Frankreich)
Hochschullehrer (Aix-en-Provence)
Iraker
Geboren 1937
Mann

Abdel Ghani Alani


Infrastruktura

Početak gradnje/renovacije

Dovršetak gradnje/renovacije ili otvaranje

Svemirske letjelice

Orbitalne i suborbitalne letjelice

Letovi prema Mjesecu i tijelima Sunčevog sustava

2. srpnja – lansirana letjelica Giotto
11. srpnja – letjelica Vega 1 preletjela Veneru
14. srpnja – letjelica Vega 2 preletjela Veneru

Tehnologija

Ostali događaji

14. siječnja – osnovano Zvjezdano selo Mosor

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Astronautika u 1985.


Midões adını taşıyan Portekiz'de yerleşim birimleri:

 Midões - Barcelos belediyesinde bucak.
 Midões - Tábua belediyesinde bucak.

Ayrıca:
 Póvoa de Midões - Tábua belediyesinde bucak.

Midões


Agrilus araeus é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Obenberger, 1935.

Referências

araeus

Agrilus araeus


الجوقة (تُسمى أيضًا الكورال أو الخورُس أو الكورس) هي فرقة موسيقية من المغنيين. موسيقى الكورال، بدورها، هي الموسيقى المكتوبة بشكل خاص من أجل الفرقة التي ستؤديها. يمكن للجوقة تأدية مؤلفات الموسيقى الكلاسيكية، التي تمتد من العصور الوسطى حتى وقتنا الحاضر، أو مؤلفات الموسيقى الشائعة. يترأس الجوقة عادةً قائد الفرقة (الكوندكتر)، الذي يقود العروض عبر إيماءات اليدين والوجه .

تُعرف جملة المغنيين الذين يؤدون بشكل جماعي باسم الجوقة أو الكورس. غالبًا ما يُطلق المصطلح السابق على المجموعات التابعة للكنائس (سواء كانوا يشغلون جوقة الكنيسة أم لا) أما الثاني فيُطلق على مجموعات المسارح وقاعات العروض، إلا أن هذا التصنيف غير ثابت. قد تغني الجوقات بدون الآلات الموسيقية، مترافقةً فقط مع البيانو أو الأرغن ذو الأنابيب، ومع فرقة صغيرة (على سبيل المثال، هاربسكورد، وتشيلو وكمان أجهر من أجل قطعة باروك)، أو مع أوركسترا كاملة تضم 70 إلى 100 موسيقي.

يمتلك مصطلح الجوقة تعريفًا ثانويًا يشمل مجموعة فرعية من الفرقة الموسيقية؛ قد يتكلم المرء مثلًا عن «جوقة آلات النفخ» التابعة للأوركسترا، أو مختلف «جوقات» الأصوات أو الآلات في التأليف الموسيقي متعدد الكورال. في الأوراتوريو والقداس النموذجين اللذين امتدا من القرن الثامن عشر إلى القرن الحادي والعشرين، عادةً ما يُستخدم مصطلح كورس أو جوقة عند وصف أكثر من مغن واحد لكل جزء، على النقيض من رباعية العازفين المنفردين التي ميزت هذه الأعمال بدورها.

بنيتها
غالبًا ما يقود الفرقة الموسيقية الكوندكتر أو قائد الجوقة. في أغلب الأحيان، تتكون الجوقة من أربعة أقسام تغني في انسجام رباعي الأجزاء، إلا أنه لا وجود لعدد محدد من الأقسام الممكنة بشرط وجود مغن يؤدي كل قسم: كتب توماس تاليس موتيهًا مؤلفًا من 40 جزءًا بعنوان سبيم إن آليوم، إذ أدته ثماني جوقات بخمسة أجزاء لكل منها؛ أما ستابات ماتر لكرزيستوف بينديريكي فشملت ثلاث جوقات من 16 صوتًا لكل منها، بإجمالي 48 جزء. بالإضافة إلى أربعة، فإن عدد الأجزاء الأكثر شيوعًا هو ثلاثة، وخمسة، وستة وثمانية.

قد تغني الجوقة مع عزف الآلات الموسيقية المرافق أو بدونه. يُسمى الغناء غير المترافق مع عزف الآلات أكابيلا (رغم أن جمعية مخرجي الكورال الأمريكية تشجع على استبدال وصف موسيقا «غير مترافقة» بهذا المصطلح، يعود ذلك إلى ارتباط الغناء في الأكابيلا مع «حدوثه في المصلى الكنسي» إذ تُعتبر الموسيقا غير المترافقة اليوم علمانية). تتنوع الآلات المرافقة بشكل واسع، من آلة واحدة فقط (بيانو أو أرغن ذو أنابيب) إلى أوركسترا كاملة تضم 70 إلى 100 موسيقي؛ غالبًا ما يُستخدم بيانو أو أرغن مرافق في البروفات، حتى مع وجود توزيع آلي مختلف في العرض الأصلي، أو مع تدرب الجوقة على الموسيقا غير المترافقة.

تؤدي الكثير من الجوقات في مكان واحد أو أكثر مثل الكنيسة أو دار الأوبرا أو قاعة المدرسة. تتشارك الجوقات في بعض الحالات مع بعضها لتشكل جوقة «جماعية» واحدة تؤدي عرضًا خاصًا. في هذه الحالة، تغني هذه الجوقة سلسلة من الأغاني أو الأعمال الموسيقية من أجل الاحتفال بالآخرين أوالترفيه.

دور قائد الفرقة
تُعد قيادة الفرقة الموسيقية فنًا في توجيه الأداء الموسيقي، مثل حفلات الكورال الموسيقية، عن طريق إيماءات الوجه والرأس والذراعين المرئية. تتمثل واجبات قائد الجوقة الرئيسية في توحيد الموسيقيين، وضبط سرعة الإيقاع، وتطبيق الترتيبات والنبضات (المازورة) إلى جانب الإنصات الدقيق من أجل تشكيل صوت الفرقة.

عادةً ما يقف قائد الفرقة أو مخرج الكورال على منصة مرتفعة وقد يستخدم الباتون أو لا يستخدمه؛ يوفر استخدام الباتون مرئيةً أكبر لإيماءات قائد الفرقة، لكن يفضل العديد من قادة الكورال قيادة الفرقة الموسيقية عبر أيديهم من أجل تعبير أكبر، وخاصةً عند العمل مع فرقة صغيرة. مع دخول العقد الأول من القرن الواحد والعشرين، لم يعد مرجحًا مشاركة القادة في عزف آلة موسيقية، لكن في الفترات السابقة من تاريخ الموسيقا الكلاسيكية، كانت قيادة الفرقة الموسيقية بالترافق مع عزف آلة موسيقية أمرًا شائعًا. في موسيقا الباروك التي امتدت من أوائل القرن السابع عشر حتى خمسينيات القرن الثامن عشر، ترافق أداء قادة العقد الأول من القرن الحادي والعشرين الحالية مع عزف الهاربسكورد أو الكمان. قد يعزف قائد الفرقة البيانو بالإضافة لقيادته الفرقة في أوبرا البت على المسارح الموسيقية. عادةً ما يكون التواصل غير لفظي أثناء العرض (يُعتبر هذا حالةً إلزاميةً في الموسيقا الفنية، لكن من الممكن وجود بعض التوجيهات الكلامية في فرق الجاز الكبيرة أو فرق البوب الموسيقية الكبيرة). ومع ذلك، في البروفات، غالبًا ما يوجه قائد الفرقة تعليمات لفظية إلى الفرقة الموسيقية، باعتباره يعمل عمومًا، بالإضافة إلى القيادة، كمخرج فني يشذب أداء الفرقة الموسيقي.

يعمل قادة الفرق كمرشدين للجوقة التي يقودونها. إذ يختارون الأعمال التي ستُعزف ويدرسون درجاتها، وقد يضيفون بعض التعديلات عليها (على سبيل المثال، ما يتعلق بسرعة الإيقاع، وتكرارات الأقسام، وتعيين الأصوات المنفردة وما إلى ذلك)، ويجدون طريقة أدائها المناسبة ومن ثم ينقلون رؤيتهم إلى المغنيين. علاوةً على ذلك، قد تقع مسؤولية قيادة فرق عزف الآلات الموسيقية على عاتق قائد الفرقة، مثل الأوركسترا عندما تغني الجوقة قطعةً موسيقيةً للجوقة والأوركسترا في آن واحد. من الممكن أن ينخرط قادة الفرقة في الشؤون التنظيمية أيضًا، مثل تحديد مواعيد البروفات، وتخطيط موسم الحفلات، وسماع تجارب الأداء والترويج للفرقة الموسيقية إعلاميًا.

المراجع

أنواع الفرق الموسيقية
جوقات
مصطلحات موسيقية

جوقة (موسيقى)


A Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátima, igualmente denominada de Igreja da Figueira, é um monumento religioso na localidade da Figueira, no concelho de Vila do Bispo, na região do Algarve, em Portugal.

Descrição e história
A igreja está situada na Rua Direita, na localidade da Figueira. É consagrado a Nossa Senhora de Fátima. Foi construída no âmbito de um programa implementado pelo governo nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, na sequência das novas tendências introduzidas pelo Movimento de Renovação da Arte Religiosa. Estes novos modelos foram utilizados na construção de vários santuários um pouco por todo o território nacional, destacando-se a Igreja de Santo António em Moscavide, a Igreja de Águas em Penamacor e a Capela do Picote em Miranda do Douro.

O imóvel foi edificado em 1961, tendo sido planeado pelo arquitecto António de Freitas Leal, que também foi responsável pela Igreja de São Luís, em Faro.

Ver também

Lista de património edificado em Vila do Bispo
 Capela de Nossa Senhora de Guadalupe
 Ermida de São Lourenço (Vale de Boi)
 Estação arqueológica de Vale Boi
 Forte de Burgau
 Forte da Boca do Rio ou Forte de São Luís de Almádena
 Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora da Conceição
 Igreja Matriz da Raposeira
 Ruínas lusitano-romanas da Boca do Rio

Leitura recomendada

Ligações externas

Património edificado em Vila do Bispo
Nossa Senhora Fatima

Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátima (Figueira)


Christiania, du har mit hjerte er en dansk portrætfilm fra 1991 med instruktion og manuskript af Nils Vest.

Handling
En kærlig film om Fristaden. Christiania er andet end Pusher Street og hash. Filmen viser en velfungerende lille landsby med børnehave, genbrugshal, beboerrådgivning, postkontor, lokalradio og smukke selvbyggede huse. Filmen kommer også ind på Christianias dramatiske historie i forhold til det omgivende samfund og kampen imod hårde stoffer.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Du har mit hjerte
Portrætfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1991

Christiania, du har mit hjerte


WR 22 (HD 92740) es un sistema estelar en la constelación de Carina.
Está asociado a una región H II —nube de gas y plasma brillante de gran tamaño en la cual se forman estrellas masivas— y se encuentra a 2,7 kilopársecs de distancia del sistema solar.
Su magnitud aparente es +6,42, siendo observable a simple vista en condiciones de buena visibilidad.

WR 22 es una estrella binaria compuesta por una estrella de Wolf-Rayet de tipo espectral WN7 y una estrella azul de la secuencia principal de tipo O9V.
La estrella de Wolf-Rayet tiene una temperatura efectiva de 44.700 K y una luminosidad 1.440.000 veces superior a la luminosidad solar.
Tiene un radio 20 veces más grande que el del Sol.
La estrella azul tiene una temperatura de 33.000 K y, pese a ser 133.000 veces más luminosa que el Sol, es 11 veces menos luminosa que su compañera.
Su radio es 11 veces más grande que el radio solar.

WR 22 constituye un sistema muy masivo, siendo la masa de la estrella de Wolf-Rayet 72 veces mayor que la del Sol y la de su compañera 25,7 veces la de nuestra estrella.
Ambas estrellas pierden masa; en el caso de la estrella de Wolf-Rayet, esta pérdida se estima en 1,6 × 10-5 veces la masa solar cada año.
El período orbital de esta binaria es de 80,3 días, siendo la órbita notablemente excéntrica (ε = 0,56).
El semieje mayor de la órbita es de 1,68 UA.
Los vientos estelares provenientes de ambas estrellas chocan formando una región de plasma de alta temperatura —que puede superar los 10 millones de K— emitiendo una importante cantidad de rayos X.

WR 22 es, asimismo, una binaria eclipsante, fluctuando su brillo 0,12 magnitudes en banda B.
En cuanto a variable recibe el nombre de V429 Carinae.

Véase también
Lista de estrellas más masivas

Referencias

Estrellas de Wolf-Rayet
Estrellas binarias
Estrellas variables
Constelación de Carina

WR 22


Below is a list of public holidays in Albania.

If a non-working public holiday happens during the weekend, then the first working day afterwards would be non-working day.

Official Holidays

Not official Holidays

References

Culture of Albania
Society of Albania
Albania
Holidays

fr:Albanie#Fêtes et jours fériés

Public holidays in Albania


Jean XVIII d'Alexandrie (mort en ) est le  patriarche copte d'Alexandrie.

Biographie
Le future patriarche originaire de Médinet el-Fayoum dans le  Gouvernorat du Fayoum se nommait Joseph. Il était devenu moine au Monastère Saint-Antoine sur le mont El-Araba. Quand le Pape Marc VII, meurt les évêques les prêtres et le notables de la communauté le choisissent unanimement comme son successeur. Il est consacré Patriarche dans l'église de Saint-Mercurius dans le Vieux-Caire  le dimanche   jour de Babah, 1486 A.M. ( A.D.). Il prend alors le nom de  Yoannis XVIII,  Pape d'Alexandrie.

Il meurt le  jour de  Baounah, 1512 A.M. ( A.D.) après avoir exercé sa fonction pendant
26 ans, 7 mois et 16 jours. Il est inhumé dans le Tombeau des Patriarche de l'église du Monastère Saint-Mercure Abu-Saifain. Le siège patriarcal restera ensuite vacant trois mois et 26 jours.

Notes et références

Lien externe
  The Departure of Pope Yoannis the Eighteenth, the 107th. Pope of Alexandria.

Patriarche d'Alexandrie
Décès en 1797
Pape copte orthodoxe du XVIIIe siècle

Jean XVIII d'Alexandrie


Pleurotus citrinopileatus er tegund matsveppa sem eru ræktaðir víða um heim til matar. Hann vex yfirleitt á dauðum viði lauftrjáa, en er oftast ræktaður á korni, hálmi eða sagi.

Útbreiðsla
Útbreiðsla Pleurotus citrinopileatus er í Síberíu, Norður-Kína og Japan. Hann er náskyldur og stundum talin til evrópsku tegundarinnar P. cornucopiae

Tilvísanir

Vængsveppsætt
Ætisveppir

Pleurotus citrinopileatus


Jonathan Bates (Little Chart, 1 de noviembre de 1939 – Esher, 31 de octubre de 2008) fue un editor de sonido británico. Trabajó en más de sesenta y cinco producciones entre 1962 y 2007. Recibió una nominación al premio Óscar en la categoría de «Mejor sonido» por su trabajo en la película Gandhi (1982) y ganó un BAFTA por Cry Freedom (1987).

Hijo menor del escritor H. E. Bates. Fue educado en el King's School de Canterbury y, aunque de pequeño quería ser piloto, la influencia del director David Lean, amigo de su padre, le llevó a trabajar en el cine.

Premios y distinciones
Premios Óscar

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Editores de sonido

Jonathan Bates


Yo Trane est un chanteur de R&B afro-américain. Il est notamment connu pour ses morceaux Waves ,Night Call ou encore Closer.

Biographie
Yo Trane est un chanteur et compositeur né à Libreville le . Il a grandi en France, puis a déménagé aux États-Unis.

Il apprend l'anglais tout en découvrant la musique américaine et en écoutant des artistes tels que Tupac, Biggie ou encore Michael Jackson. Il commence une carrière dans le rap en France aux côtés de son producteur Kalim.

Après plusieurs années dans la musique hip-hop, Yo Trane a commencé à faire des reprises de chant qui lui ont donné une exposition internationale. Il a ensuite sorti son premier EP Late Night Drive qui lui a valu plusieurs co-signatures d'artistes majeurs et des millions de streams à travers le monde.

Son morceau Waves a été visionné plus de  de fois sur YouTube.

Son premier album Wave on the moonlight sort le  et contient une collaboration avec Lil Baby.

Il sort un deuxième album Times & Space en 2021.

Discographie

Albums/Mixtape/Eps

 Late night Drive EP (2016)
 Wave on the moonlight (2019)
 Time & Space (2021)

Singles

 Closer
 High Off You
 Nights Call
 Alone
 Waves
 Moonlight
 Girl Like You
 Times & Space

Notes et références

Naissance à Libreville
Naissance en décembre 1993
Chanteur gabonais du XXIe siècle
Chanteur américain du XXIe siècle

Yo Trane


Vocea umană (La Voix humaine) este o piesă de teatru din 1930 de Jean Cocteau adaptată ca o operă tragică de Francis Poulenc în 1958. A fost ecranizată de mai multe ori,  prima oară în 1948 de către Roberto Rossellini.

Piesa descrie un singur personaj, o femeie la telefon într-un dialog incomplet, deformat. Aceasta a fost părăsită recent pentru bani de fostul ei iubit, cu toate acestea ea îl iubește și nu-i reproșează nimic. În România a fost jucată la Teatrul Odeon, București; Casa Tranzit, Cluj Napoca, 2004; Teatrul National din Târgu-Mureș, 2013;  Teatrul Metropolis, București, 2011.

Referințe și note

Legături externe
 Vocea umană , teatrulmetropolis.ro

Vezi și
Listă de piese de teatru franceze

Piese de teatru de Jean Cocteau
Piese de teatru franceze

Vocea umană (piesă de teatru)


Ronco sopra Ascona is a municipality near Locarno in the canton of Ticino in Switzerland.

History

Ronco sopra Ascona is first mentioned in 1264 as Roncha.  In 1498 it was mentioned as Ronca de Scona.  Ronco sopra Ascona and Ascona a Vicinanza by 1321.  The vicinanza had its own statutes by 1369, and broke up in 1641.  In the early modern period it was part of the Bailiwick of Locarno.

The Church of S. Martino is first mentioned in 1498.  In 1626 it broke away from the parish of Ascona to form an independent parish.  However, the local priest elected was chosen by the priest in Ascona from 1632 until 1813.

Viticulture and animal husbandry were the main sources of income in the village.  Many inhabitants emigrated to Tuscany, where they had a monopoly on customs duties for goods coming from Florence and Livorno.  Starting in the 19th century these emigrants also began going overseas.  Since the mid-20th century Ronco sopra Ascona is a popular resort, with many vacation homes.  In 2000, about three-fifths of the workforce commutes.

Geography
Ronco sopra Ascona has an area, , of .  Of this area,  or 8.8% is used for agricultural purposes, while  or 77.1% is forested.   Of the rest of the land,  or 12.2% is settled (buildings or roads),  or 0.2% is either rivers or lakes and  or 7.4% is unproductive land.

Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 8.6% and transportation infrastructure made up 3.4%.  Out of the forested land, 72.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 3.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees.  Of the agricultural land, 0.0% is used for growing crops and 8.6% is used for alpine pastures.  All the water in the municipality is flowing water.  Of the unproductive areas, 7.2% is unproductive vegetation.

The municipality is located in the Locarno district. It consists of the village of Ronco sopra Ascona and the hamlets Fontana Martina and Porto Ronco.

Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Vert St. Marin armoured argent riding a horse sable cutting his cloak gules with a sword of the second giving it to a beggar of the same kneeling in the base.

Natives/residents

Painter Antonio Ciseri was born there in 1821.

German writer Erich Maria Remarque died there in 1970, and Remarque's widow, American actress Paulette Goddard, died there in 1990. The couple is buried alongside each other in Ronco's graveyard in Ticino.

Demographics
Ronco sopra Ascona has a population () of .  , 24.8% of the population are resident foreign nationals.  Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of -9.8%.

Most of the population () speaks Italian (61.5%), with German being second most common (33.7%) and Portuguese being third (1.7%).  Of the Swiss national languages (), 222 speak German, 8 people speak French, 405 people speak Italian.  The remainder (24 people) speak another language.

, the gender distribution of the population was 50.6% male and 49.4% female.  The population was made up of 253 Swiss men (37.4% of the population), and 89 (13.2%) non-Swiss men.  There were 256 Swiss women (37.9%), and 78 (11.5%) non-Swiss women.

In  there were 7 live births to Swiss citizens and were 10 deaths of Swiss citizens.  Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 3 while the foreign population remained the same.  There was 1 Swiss man and 2 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland.  At the same time, there were 11 non-Swiss men and 5 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland.  The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was a decrease of 10 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 8 people.  This represents a population growth rate of -0.3%.

The age distribution, , in Ronco sopra Ascona is; 36 children or 5.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 43 teenagers or 6.4% are between 10 and 19.  Of the adult population, 56 people or 8.3% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old.  53 people or 7.8% are between 30 and 39, 109 people or 16.1% are between 40 and 49, and 119 people or 17.6% are between 50 and 59.  The senior population distribution is 119 people or 17.6% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 92 people or 13.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 49 people or 7.2% who are over 80.

, there were 343 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.9 persons per household.   there were 482 single family homes (or 72.4% of the total) out of a total of 666 inhabited buildings.  There were 104 two family buildings (15.6%) and 58 multi-family buildings (8.7%).  There were also 22 buildings in the municipality that were multipurpose buildings (used for both housing and commercial or another purpose).

The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0%.   there were 992 apartments in the municipality.  The most common apartment size was the 3 room apartment of which there were 298.  There were 105 single room apartments and 154 apartments with five or more rooms.  Of these apartments, a total of 341 apartments (34.4% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 643 apartments (64.8%) were seasonally occupied and 8 apartments (0.8%) were empty.  , the construction rate of new housing units was 0 new units per 1000 residents.

The historical population is given in the following table:

Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 24.48% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were the SP (23.26%), the FDP (22.77%) and the Ticino League (11.48%).  In the federal election, a total of 212 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 43.5%.

In the  Gran Consiglio election, there were a total of 482 registered voters in Ronco sopra Ascona, of which 241 or 50.0% voted.  1 blank ballot and 2 null ballots were cast, leaving 238 valid ballots in the election.  The most popular party was the PLRT which received 54 or 22.7% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were; the PS (with 46 or 19.3%), the SSI (with 42 or 17.6%) and the UDC (with 34 or 14.3%).

In the  Consiglio di Stato election, 1 blank ballot and 1 null ballot was cast, leaving 240 valid ballots in the election.  The most popular party was the PS which received 55 or 22.9% of the vote.  The next three most popular parties were; the PLRT (with 54 or 22.5%), the LEGA (with 53 or 22.1%) and the SSI (with 28 or 11.7%).

Economy
, Ronco sopra Ascona had an unemployment rate of 3.59%.  , there were 6 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 5 businesses involved in this sector.  15 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 8 businesses in this sector.  119 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 27 businesses in this sector.  There were 285 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.0% of the workforce.

, there were 87 workers who commuted into the municipality and 178 workers who commuted away.  The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.  About 25.3% of the workforce coming into Ronco sopra Ascona are coming from outside Switzerland.  Of the working population, 6.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 53.7% used a private car.

, there were 5 hotels in Ronco sopra Ascona with a total of 69 rooms and 128 beds.

Religion

From the , 407 or 61.8% were Roman Catholic, while 151 or 22.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. There were 76 persons (or about 11.53% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), and 25 persons (or about 3.79% of the population) did not answer the question.

Education
In Ronco sopra Ascona about 68.9% of the population (between age 25 and 64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule).

In Ronco sopra Ascona there were a total of 57 students ().  The Ticino education system provides up to three years of non-mandatory kindergarten and in Ronco sopra Ascona there were 10 children in kindergarten.  The primary school program lasts for five years.  In the village, 11 students attended the standard primary schools.  In the lower secondary school system, students either attend a two-year middle school followed by a two-year pre-apprenticeship or they attend a four-year program to prepare for higher education.  There were 13 students in the two-year middle school, while 11 students were in the four-year advanced program.

The upper secondary school includes several options, but at the end of the upper secondary program, a student will be prepared to enter a trade or to continue on to a university or college.  In Ticino, vocational students may either attend school while working on their internship or apprenticeship (which takes three or four years) or may attend school followed by an internship or apprenticeship (which takes one year as a full-time student or one and a half to two years as a part-time student).  There were 2 vocational students who were attending school full-time and 7 who attend part-time.

The professional program lasts three years and prepares a student for a job in engineering, nursing, computer science, business, tourism and similar fields.  There were 3 students in the professional program.

, there were 3 students in Ronco sopra Ascona who came from another municipality, while 66 residents attended schools outside the municipality.

References

Ronco sopra Ascona


Esta lista contém as participações nas competições europeias de clubes portugueses de futebol. Estão incluídas todas as competições europeias, vigentes ou extintas, em que participaram clubes portugueses.

Até ao momento 27 clubes portugueses participaram nas competições europeias de futebol, dos quais 5 na principal prova, a Liga dos Campeões.

História
A primeira competição europeia que contou com a participação de clubes portugueses foi a Taça Latina, prova precursora da Taça dos Clubes Campeões Europeus. Criada na época 1948–49 sob a chancela de Jules Rimet, Presidente da FIFA, a Taça Latina reunia os campeões nacionais de Portugal, Espanha, França e Itália e era organizada por um comité que reunia representantes das Federações Nacionais dos quatro países. O Sporting foi o clube português com mais participações, 4 no total.

Em 1954–55 foi criada a Taça dos Clubes Campeões Europeus, depois renomeada como Liga dos Campeões, que reunia os campeões nacionais dos diversos países europeus. O clube português com mais participações no historial da principal competição de clubes da Europa é o Benfica, com 38 participações.

A Taça das Taças, criada em 1960–61 para ser disputada pelos vencedores das Taças nacionais, era ao tempo a 2.ª competição europeia mais importante. O Sporting e o FC Porto, com 8 participações cada um, foram os clubes portugueses que mais disputaram a prova.

A Taça das Cidades com Feira, criada em 1955, destinava-se aos clubes melhor classificados nos campeonatos nacionais que não se tivessem qualificado para a Taça dos Clubes Campeões Europeus ou a Taça das Taças. Com 6 participações, o FC Porto foi o clube com mais participações nesta competição. Criada em 1971–72 a Taça UEFA, sucessora da Taça das Cidades com Feira, e depois renomeada como Liga Europa, começou por ser a 3.ª competição da hierarquia europeia, passando a 2.ª prova aquando da extinção da Taça das Taças em 1999. Com 33 participações o Sporting é o clube em Portugal com mais participações na Liga Europa.

A Liga Conferência, recém criada na época 2021–22, é presentemente a 3.ª competição europeia de clubes. Até ao momento nenhum clube português se qualificou para a competição principal desta prova. A Taça Intertoto foi uma competição originariamente criada em 1961. Entre 1967 e 1994 a prova foi disputada por grupos, sem entrega de troféu. Em 1995 a UEFA assumiu a organização da prova, passando a Taça Intertoto a dar acesso à Taça UEFA. O clube português que mais participou nesta prova foi a União de Leiria, com 5 presenças.

Neste artigo os dados referentes às competições principais da Liga dos Campeões, Liga Europa e Liga Conferência não incluem as participações dos clubes eliminados na fase de qualificação. Do mesmo modo, e para evitar duplicação de dados, as participações na fase de qualificação destas três competições apenas são contabilizadas quando os clubes não se qualificam para a competição principal. No caso de eliminação de uma prova europeia e transferência para outra competição na mesma época são contabilizadas de forma autónoma as participações em ambas as provas.

Participações

Histórico na Liga dos Campeões

Benfica

FC Porto

Sporting

SC Braga

Boavista

Ver também
 Lista de títulos europeus de clubes portugueses de futebol
 Lista de finais europeias de clubes portugueses de futebol
 Lista de títulos europeus de treinadores de futebol em Portugal

Bibliografia
 História do Futebol em Portugal, Homero Serpa e Vítor Serpa, Edição CTT, 2004
 Almanaque do Benfica Edição Centenário 1904-2004, Editora Almanaxi, 2004
 Almanaque do Sporting Clube de Portugal 1906-2005, Editora Almanaxi, 2005
 Almanaque do FC Porto 1893-2011, Editora Caderno, 2011
 Almanaque do Benfica 1904-2012, Editora Lua de Papel, 2012

Futebol de Portugal
Clubes Portugueses Competicoes Internacionais

Lista de participações nas competições europeias de clubes portugueses de futebol


Édes ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 András Édes (* 1948), ungarischer Badmintonspieler
 Erzsébet Édes (* 1952), ungarische Badmintonspielerin

Siehe auch:
 EDES

Édes


Rita, o El marido maltratado (título original en francés, Rita, ou Le mari battu) es una opéra comique en un acto, con música de Gaetano Donizetti y libreto en francés de Gustave Vaëz. La ópera, una comedia doméstica formada por ocho números musicales enlazados con diálogo hablado, se terminó en 1841 bajo su título original Deux hommes et une femme (Dos hombres y una mujer). Nunca representada en vida de Donizetti, Rita se estrenó póstumamente en la Opéra-Comique en París el 7 de mayo de 1860.

Esta ópera se representa poco; en las estadísticas de Operabase aparece la n.º 194 de las óperas representadas en 2005-2010, siendo la 58.ª en Italia y la novena de Donizetti, con 15 representaciones en el período.

Personajes

Referencias
Notas

Fuentes
Ashbrook, William, Donizetti and His Operas, Cambridge University Press, 1982, ISBN 052123526X   ISBN 0-521-23526-X
Holden, Amanda (Ed.), The New Penguin Opera Guide, Nueva York: Penguin Putnam, 2001. ISBN 0-140-29312-4
Osborne, Charles, The Bel Canto Operas of Rossini, Donizetti, and Bellini, Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1994  ISBN 0931340713
Weinstock, Herbert, Donizetti and the World of Opera in Italy, Paris, and Vienna in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century, Nueva York: Pantheon Books, 1963. ISBN 63-13703
Licencia

Enlaces externos

 Notas, discografía y libreto (español/italiano) en kareol.es
o grabaciones de la ópera en operadis

Óperas de 1860
Óperas de Gaetano Donizetti
Óperas en francés
Óperas estrenadas en París

Rita (ópera)


Međuopćinska nogometna liga Zagreb je bila liga 6. stupnja nogometnog prvenstva Jugoslavije za sezonu 1981./82. i bila je podijeljena u četiri odvojene skupine: A, B, C i D.U svakoj se natjecalo 14 klubova te se igralo 26 kola.

Skupina A

Ljestvica

Skupina B

Skupina C

Skupina D

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Prvenstva Zagrebačkog nogometnog podsaveza
 Zagrebački nogometni podsavez
 Liga Zagrebačke nogometne regije 1981./82.
 Zagrebačka nogometna zona 1981./82.

Vanjske poveznice
 nk-maksimir.hr

Izvori

1981-82
1981-82 MOL Zagreb
MOL Zagreb

Međuopćinska nogometna liga Zagreb 1981./82.


Oružana pobuna je nasilna politička akcija protiv tijela državne vlasti ili okupator.

Pobunjenici mogu imati cilj provođenja revolucije ili samo promjenu vrha vlasti; mogu nastojati odcijepiti dio teritorija neke države ili osloboditi zemlju od okupatora.

Oružane pobune se u pravilu provode pomoću gerilskog ratovanja, prvenstveno u ruralnim područjima.

Povezani članci

 Ustanak
 Pobuna
 Revolucija
 Štrajk
 Građanski rat
 Sukob niskog intenziteta

Izvori

Politika
Bune

Oružana pobuna


Das Museum Villa Rot ist ein Ausstellungshaus für internationale zeitgenössische Kunst im Ortsteil Rot der Gemeinde Burgrieden im Landkreis Biberach, Oberschwaben. Es befindet sich im Eigentum der Hoenes-Stiftung.

Geschichte

Die im Stilpluralismus erbaute Villa liegt am südlichen Ortsende von Rot über dem Tal der Rot, an der Landstraße 259, die über Orsenhausen und Großschafhausen nach Schwendi führt. Sie ist umgeben von einem Zaun, innerhalb dessen sich ein historisches Parkgelände befindet.

Erbaut wurde die Villa im Jahr 1912. Der Bauherr war Raymund Fugger (1870–1949), der einer Seitenlinie der Familie Fugger entstammte, weswegen sie auch "Villa Fugger" genannt wird. Architekt war Balthasar von Hornstein-Grüningen. Im Jahr 1925 musste Raymund Fugger den Besitz jedoch wieder abgeben, da er in Geldnot geriet. Daraufhin erwarb Alexandra von Hornstein (1903–1932) das kleine Landschlösschen. Sie lebte dort bis zu ihrem Freitod. Sie pflegte eine enge Freundschaft zu ihrer Internatsfreundin Feodora Christ (1903–1983), die ihren Hauptwohnsitz in München hatte, allerdings oft länger Zeit zu Besuch in Burgrieden war. Ihr vererbte sie das gesamte Anwesen.

Im Jahr 1933 übernahm Feodora Christ die Villa und heiratete im selben Jahr den Musiker Herman Hoenes (1900–1978). Der Cellist Herman Hoenes war von 1932 bis 1935 stellvertretender Dirigent des "Reichs-Symphonie-Orchesters". Das Ehepaar zog sich in die Villa nach Rot zurück und widmete sich der Sammlung von vornehmlich asiatischer Kunst.

Die Kunstsammlung des Ehepaars Hoenes, das Anwesen mit Park einschließlich aller Vermögenswerte wurden von Feodora Hoenes in eine Museumsstiftung – die Hoenes-Stiftung – eingebracht. Ab 1989 war der Historiker Norbert Deuchert zunächst damit betraut die umfangreiche Sammlung des Stifterehepaares aufzuarbeiten und ein Konzept zur musealen Nutzung des Hauses zu konzipieren. 1992 wurde aus dem Fuggerschlösschen dann das Museum Villa Rot, das am 28. August des Jahres eröffnet wurde und dessen Leiter Deuchert bis 2007 war.

Heute ist das Museum Villa Rot ein Ausstellungshaus für internationale zeitgenössische Kunst mit interkultureller Programmatik. Gezeigt werden Ausstellungen, die sich mit den inhaltlichen und formalen Grenzbereichen von Kunst, Kultur und Gesellschaft auseinandersetzen.

Im Jahre 2014 erhielt das Museum einen Anbau, der sich in die Parklandschaft einfügt, und die Ausstellungsfläche erweitert. Als Gegenpol zu den intimen Kabinetträumen des historischen Bestandsgebäudes bietet der vom Böblinger Architekturbüro Hinrichsmeier & Bertsch entworfene Erweiterungsbau Platz für raumgreifende Skulpturen, Plastiken und Installationen. Der Bau erhielt im Jahre 2015 die Auszeichnung "Beispielhaftes Bauen" durch die Architektenkammer Baden-Württemberg. Ermöglicht wurde der Bau unter anderem durch die zweckgebundene Stiftung des Künstlers Willi Siber, dem Partner und heutigem Ehemann der damaligen Leiterin Stefanie Dathe. Siber erhielt hierdurch einen dauerhaften Posten im Vorstand der Hoenes-Stiftung. Der Künstler übertrug einen repräsentativen Teil seiner Arbeiten der so genannten Kunsthalle Villa Rot, die dort verwahrt und regelmäßig dem Publikum zugänglich gemacht werden soll.

Das historische Gebäude verfügt unter anderem über einen bauzeitlichen Linoleumfußboden der Deutschen Linoleum-Werke in Delmenhorst (damals Delmenhorster Linoleumwerke), der teilweise vom Architekten Bruno Paul entworfen wurde.

Neben den Ausstellungen realisiert das Museum Villa Rot Konzertreihen. Der nach dem ehemaligen Bewohner, Cellisten und Dirigenten benannte Hoenessaal der Villa Rot bietet hierfür den Rahmen für diese Veranstaltungen.

Leitung
Die bisherigen Leitungen des Museums waren:
 Norbert Deuchert (1992–2007)
 Stefanie Dathe (2008–2017)
 Linnea Streit (2017)
 Marco Hompes (2017–2021)
 Thomas Schmäschke (2021–2022)
 Sophie Charlotte Opitz (künstlerische Leitung, 2022–2023)

Freundeskreis
Der "Freundeskreis Museum Villa Rot" wurde 1994 ins Vereinsregister eingetragen. Seither unterstützt er das Museum in unterschiedlichen Belangen wie Anschaffung von Mobiliar, technischer Ausstattung sowie bei Veranstaltungen.

Ausstellungen

 1995: Kunst des Buddhismus entlang der Seidenstraße
 1998: Erde und Erz
 1999: Das alte Japan
 2000: Quilt-Triennale ; Welt der Masken
 2001: Historische Krippen ; Qi Yang
 2002: Darshan – Blickkontakte
 2003: Jakob Bräckle – Winterbilder
 2004: Wolfgang Laib ; Albert Cüppers – Hemdenbilder
 2005: Ekstasen der Figur ; Märchen aus 1001 Nacht
 2006: Kunst Landschaft Oberschwaben ; Kunst Landschaft Oberschwaben II
 2007: Pracht und Askese
 2008: In voller Blüte ; Inszenierte Wirklichkeit – Ursprung und Gegenwart der japanischen Fotografie
 2009: hautnah – Das Haar in Kunst und Kultur
 2010: Buden – Jugendkultur in Oberschwaben
 2011: Mit Feuer und Flamme – Keramik in der Gegenwartskunst
 2014/15: Alles Maskerade! Fasnacht, Karneval und Mummenschanz
 2015: Es liegt was in der Luft – Düfte aus der ganzen Welt
 2015/16: Fleischeslust
 2016: Paradise Lost – Die Vertreibung aus dem Garten Eden
 2017: Das geheime Leben der Dinge (+Magnus Thierfelder)
 2017: Die Sprachen des Textilen (+Anca Munteanu Rimnic)
 2017/18: Helle Kindheit – Dunkle Kindheit (+Dejan Kaludjerovic)
 2018: Formen der Natur (+Maximilian Prüfer: VIEH)
 2018: Zwischen Atelier und Labor (+Eckart Hahn)
 2018/19: Magie und Ritual (+Benedikt Hipp)
 2019: Inspiration Meisterwerk (+Pirating Presence)
 2019: Auf Herz und Nieren (+Malte Bruns)
 2019/20: der weg – Willi Siber 1980–2020
 2020: Wald.Wolf.Wildnis
 2020: #stayathome – FIlme zum Innen und Außen (Onlineausstellung während der Corona-Pandemie)
 2020/21: Anderswelten: Malerei heute (+David Czupryn)
 2021: High End – Aktuelle bildhauerische Positionen (+Shaped Canvases 2021)

Weblinks

 Homepage Museum Villa Rot (villa-rot.de)

Einzelnachweise

Museum im Landkreis Biberach
Burgrieden
Fugger
Erbaut in den 1910er Jahren
Bauwerk des Jugendstils in Baden-Württemberg
Wohngebäude im Landkreis Biberach
Villa in Baden-Württemberg
Gegründet 1992
Bauwerk der Moderne im Landkreis Biberach

Museum Villa Rot


قائمة بالبطولات الفرنسية لعام 1935 (و المعروفة الآن باسم دورة رولان غاروس) :

الكبار

فردي رجال

 فريد بيتي هزم جوتفراد فون كرام, النتيجة:6-3 3-6 6-1 6-3

فردي سيدات

 هايلد سبيرلنغ هزمت  سايمون ماثيو, النتيجة:6-2 6-1

مراجع

باريس في 1935
أحداث مايو 1935 الرياضية
أحداث يونيو 1935 الرياضية
دورات رولان غاروس
دورات رولان غاروس حسب السنة
رياضة فرنسية في 1935
كرة المضرب في 1935
كرة مضرب فرنسية في 1935

البطولات الفرنسية 1935 (كرة مضرب)


ජාතිය සම්පූර්ණ

හින්දුස්තානි සංගීතයේ ථාට 10 අතරේ වන භෙෙරව නම් වූ ථාටයෙන් ජනිත රාගයකි.භෙෙරව ථාටයේ අාශ්රය රාගයයි.සම්පූර්ණ ජාතියේ රාගයකි.

අාරෝහණ - ස,රි,ග,ම,ප,ධ,නි,ස

(අාරෝහණයේ රි හා ධ කෝමළ හා අවසානයේ අැති ස උච්ච විය යුතුමය.)

අවරෝහණ - ස,නි,ධ,ප,ම,ග,රි,ස

(අවරෝහණයේ රි හා ධ කෝමළ හා මුලින්ම අැති ස උච්ච විය යුතුමය.)

මුක්යාංගය - ස,ගම,ප,ධප
(ධ කෝමළ වේ.)

ධෙෙවතය වාදි වන අතර රිෂභය සංවාදි වේ.සූර්යෝදයේ ගායන වාදන කට යුතු.මෙම රාගය කාලිංගඩා රාගයේ ඡායාවෙන් මුදාගත යුතුය.කාලිංගඩා රාගයේ රිෂභය හා  හා ධෙෙවතය මත අාන්දෝලන් නොකරයි.නමුත් භෙෙරව රාගයේ  රිෂභය හා  හා ධෙෙවතය මත විශේෂයෙන්ම අාන්දෝලන් කරන අතර කාලිංගඩා රාගයෙන් භෙෙරව රාගය මිදීමට එම අාන්දෝලනය වැදගත් වේ.භෙෙරවයේ අාරෝහණයේ රිෂභය දුර්වල ය.ඒ නිසා නි,ස,ගම,ප   ස,ගම,ප  වැනි සංගති නිර්මාණය වේ.තව ද ම  හා  කෝමළ රි අතර ම,රි සංගතිය මීන්ඩ් ක්රමයටත් (ම),රි ලෙස මුර්කි ක්රමයටත් යෙදේ.කර්ණාටක සංගීත පද්ධතියේ භාවිත වන මායාමාලවගෞලෙෙ රාගය හින්දුස්තානියේ භෙෙරව රාගයට සමාන රාගයයි.

රාග විවරණ

සංගීතය
රාග

භෛරව රාගය


Filippa Lentzos é uma cientista social norueguesa que pesquisa ameaças representadas por agentes biológicos. Ela é pesquisadora sênior do King's College de Londres, tendo uma nomeação conjunta no Departamento de Saúde Global e Medicina Social e no Departamento de Estudos de Guerra. Lentzos também ocupa o cargo de Pesquisador Sênior Associado do Programa de Armamento e Desarmamento do Instituto Internacional de Pesquisa para a Paz de Estocolmo (IIPPE). Além disso, ela é a Coordenadora da ONG para a Convenção de Armas Biológicas desde 2017, a colunista de biossegurança do Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists desde 2018, e Editora Associada da revista de ciências sociais BioSocieties.

Carreira
Com formação em ciências humanas, Lentzos obteve um doutorado em sociologia pela Universidade de Nottingham, Inglaterra. Ela passou dez anos como pesquisadora na London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) antes de ingressar no Departamento de Saúde Global e Medicina Social do King's College London em 2012. Em 2017, tornou-se cross- nomeado para o Departamento de Estudos de Guerra do Rei.

Trabalho de pesquisa e política
A pesquisa de Lentzos se concentra na governança internacional de ameaças biológicas, especialmente em relação à Convenção de Armas Biológicas de 1975, um tratado internacional que proíbe o desenvolvimento, armazenamento e uso de armas biológicas. Ela publicou amplamente sobre biodefesa, avaliação de conformidade no contexto de esforços multilaterais de controle de armas biológicas e governança de tecnologias emergentes de ciências da vida, como biologia sintética e edição de genes.

Em seu papel como Coordenadora de ONGs para a Convenção de Armas Biológicas, Lentzos tem feito declarações regularmente nas Nações Unidas desde 2017, em particular na Reunião Anual dos Estados Partes, na Reunião de Peritos e no Primeiro Comitê da Assembleia Geral da ONU.

O trabalho de Lentzos foi apresentado em vários meios de comunicação, incluindo a BBC, The New Yorker, The Economist, The Telegraph, The Atlantic e Der Spiegel. Em julho de 2021, a Scientific American citou suas preocupações de que as mesmas proteínas criadas artificialmente utilizadas para vacinas experimentais modernas poderiam facilmente acabar sendo usadas indevidamente como armas biológicas.

Lentzos também ensinou o módulo sobre armas biológicas no curso de e-learning de Não Proliferação e Desarmamento da UE.

Publicações selecionadas
Livros

Artigos jornalísticos

Ligações externas
 Sítio oficial
 Módulo sobre Armas Biológicas no curso e-learning de Não Proliferação e Desarmamento da UE

Cientistas da Noruega

Filippa Lentzos


Toyota Auris (japansk: トヨタ オーリス Toyota Ōrisu) er en kompakt hatchback afledt af Toyota Corolla, fremstillet og solgt af Toyota. Den blev introduceret i 2006 delte første generation E150 platformen med Corolla, mens anden generationens kompakte 5-dørs hatchback og stationcar, kaldet Touring Sports, bruger E180 platformen. Navnet "Auris" er baseret på det latinske ord for guld; aurum.

Japan-modellen blev solgt til "Netz" -forhandlere i 2006, mens europæiske modeller blev sat i salg i 2007. Den er også tilgængelig hos Toyopet Store-forhandlere pr. 18. april 2016.

Referencer

Auris
Biler introduceret i 2007
Biler fra 2000'erne
Biler fra 2010'erne

Toyota Auris


Hvepsefluer (Conopidae) er en familie af fluer. Der findes omkring 1000 arter i hele verden. Mange hvepsefluer ligner hvepse eller bier. Larverne af hvepsefluer snylter på andre insekter.

Udseende
Hvepsefluer har et karakteristisk bredt hoved hvilket de har navn efter på flere sprog ("thick-headed flies" på engelsk, og "Blasenkopffliegen" eller "Dickkopffliegen" på tysk). De er 3-26 mm lange. Bagkroppen er smal fortil hvor den møder brystet ("hvepsetalje"), og nedadkrummet bagtil. De har brede, i enden tilspidsede følehorn og en lang sugesnabel.

Levevis
Hvepsefluer lægger deres æg på insekter, bl.a. andre fluer, fårekyllinger, kakerlakker, hvepse og bier. Larverne gnaver sig ind i værten og lever af dens kropsvæsker. I nogle tilfælde kan larven få værtsbier til at grave sig ned i jorden før de dør, så den får et sikkert sted at forpuppe sig.

Billeder

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Hvepsefluer på fugleognatur.dk
 Hvepsefluer på Vestre Hus Børnenaturcenters hjemmeside

Fluer
Parasitiske insekter

Hvepsefluer


Le couvent des Longuaux était un ancien couvent de Ordre de Fontevraud, dans la ville française de Reims, datant du Moyen Âge. Reconverti en filature après la révolution après avoir été vendu comme bien national, il ne résista pas à la Grande Guerre et a été remplacé par une résidence de logements.

Histoire

Des religieuses de l'Ordre de Fontevraud étaient établies près de Chatillon sur Marne dans le prieuré de Longueau (Longa Aqua).
A la suite de nombreuses opérations militaires dans le secteur, elles demandèrent à venir s'installer dans les murs de la ville. Ce qui fut accordé en 1622.
Le Chapitre de Reims (c'est-à-dire le collège des chanoines qui entouraient autrefois l'évêque pour l'aider à gérer le diocèse de Reims) met à leur disposition une maison rue de Longueau (rue Saint Just actuel).
En 1641, elles obtiennent le droit de s'établir officiellement dans la ville de Reims.
Elles feront construire, rue du Jard d'une modeste maison et une chapelle. Puis 1673, celles-ci furent remplacées par la réalisation d'un bâtiment conventuel.
Ce couvent des Longuaux avait rang d'abbaye. Le couvent et La chapelle, vendu en 1793 ont été détruits.

Période révolutionnaire
Sous la révolution française, ce couvent comme de nombreux bâtiments ecclésiastiques de Reims, a été vendu comme bien national.
En 1815-1816, un bâtiment rectangulaire, est construit pour établir une filature par Mr Seillière et associés situé 63 rue du Jard.
Cette construction a utilisée de nombreuses pierres en provenance de l'ancienne église Saint-Nicaise. Ces pierres ont été mises à jour à l'occasion de la destruction de la filature lors des bombardements et récupérés par l'administration des Beaux-arts de l'époque.
Cette filature a été détruite lors de la 1ère guerre mondiale.

Période contemporaine
Comme beaucoup de site textile dans Reims, le site a été converti en habitation.
La résidence "Les Longuaux" en forme de S des architectes Jean Dubuisson et André Kelderman, a été construite en 1969 sur l'emplacement de ce couvent transformé en filature.

Articles connexes
Industrie textile rémoise

Bibliographie
 Louis Alexandre Expilly , Dictionnaire géographique, historique et politique des Gaules et de la France,1770, P152.

Références

Couvent dans la Marne
Reims

Couvent des Longuaux


Muhayyer, Klasik Türk müziğinde dügâh perdesinde bir makam.

Bakınız: muhayyer makamı ve
 muhayyerbuselik
 muhayyerkürdi
 muhayyersümbüle

Klasik Türk müziği makamları

Muhayyer


Metehan ist ein türkischer männlicher Vorname, gebildet aus den Elementen Mete und han. "Mete" bezieht sich auf Mao-tun, einen Herrscher der Xiongnu.

Namensträger

 Metehan Altunbaş (* 2003), türkischer Fußballspieler
 Metehan Başar (* 1991), türkischer Ringer
 Metehan Güçlü (* 1999), türkisch-französischer Fußballspieler
 Metehan Özçatal (* 1997), türkischer Fußballspieler

Einzelnachweise

Männlicher Vorname
Doppelname (Vorname)
Türkischer Personenname

Metehan


Gustav Lehmann ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Gustav Lehmann (Botaniker) (1853–1928), deutscher Pädagoge und Botaniker
 Gustav Lehmann (Politiker) (1855–1926), deutscher Journalist und Politiker (SPD)
 Gustav Lehmann (Maler) (1883–1914), österreichisch-deutscher Maler und Grafiker
 Gustav Lehmann (Ingenieur) (1891–1969), deutscher Ingenieur
 Gustav Adolf Lehmann (* 1942), deutscher Historiker

Gustav Lehmann


Little Ghost Laban ( [Laban the Little Spook]) or "the ghost who wouldn't haunt", is a Swedish children's book character created by Inger and Lasse Sandberg from Karlstad, Sweden. The books revolve around the boy ghost Laban and his family, the Father ghost, the Mother ghost and Laban's sister Labolina. The first book about Laban was published in 1965.

Background
Laban is a friendly character who does not want to haunt and scare people, and who lives in the basement of the castle "Gomorronsol" where he is friends with the youngest prince. The setting is domestic and shows the everyday life of the characters. The characters were created to help the creators' son Nicklas get over his fear of ghosts as a child.

Other characters created by the authors include The Thumb and Little Anna.

Books

See also
 List of ghosts
 Lilla Anna och Långa farbrorn another books series by the same authors

References

Fictional ghosts
Literary characters introduced in 1965
Male characters in literature
Book series introduced in 1965

The Little Ghost Godfrey


In the United States, a special agent is an official  term used to refer to an investigator or detective for a federal or state government or independent agency, who primarily serves in criminal investigatory positions. Additionally, many federal and state special agents operate in "criminal intelligence" based roles as well. Within the U.S. federal law enforcement system, dozens of federal agencies employ federal law enforcement officers, each with different criteria pertaining to the use of the titles Special Agent and Agent. These titles are also used by many state level agencies to refer to their personnel.

In general, some agents are federal law enforcement officers and hold either arrest authority or the right to conduct minor criminal/non-criminal investigations. In some agencies, however, a special agent may have both criminal and non-criminal investigatory authority but still have no authority to conduct major criminal investigations.

Regardless, most people holding the title of "Special Agent" are law enforcement officers under state or federal law (with some also being dual intelligence operatives such as with the FBI). These law enforcement officers are distinctly empowered to conduct both major and minor criminal investigations, and hold arrest authority.

Additionally, most special agents are authorized to carry firearms both on and off duty due to their status as law enforcement officers. In U.S. federal law enforcement, the title of "Special Agent" is used almost exclusively for federal and military criminal investigators.

Confusingly, in intelligence usage, "agent" also refers to a human source or human "asset" who is recruited, trained, controlled, and employed to obtain and report information. However, within law enforcement agencies, these types of sources are often referred to as informants, confidential informants (CI—not to be confused with counterintelligence), or confidential human sources (CHS).

Alternatively, some state and local government agencies within the United States title their criminal investigators as special investigators.

Federal government
Within the U.S. government, the title of Special Agent primarily designates the Criminal Investigator GS-1811 series position. However, the title is also concurrently used for General Investigator GS-1810 job series and the intelligence specialist in the GS-0132 job series according to the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) handbook. The vast majority of special agents are GS-1811 (or equivalent) Criminal Investigators. Special agents typically have at a minimum an undergraduate degree.

 1811: Criminal Investigator (Primary Special Agent occupation within the federal government)
1810: General Investigator
 0132: Intelligence

Federal agencies
Most federal agencies, including the following, employ some type of special agent, investigator or background investigator:

 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
 CIA Office of Inspector General
 Department of Agriculture (USDA)
 United States Forest Service
 Law Enforcement and Investigations
 Office of Inspector General (USDA OIG)
 Department of Commerce (USDOC)
 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
 Office of Export Enforcement (OEE)
 Office of Inspector General (DOC OIG)
 Office of Security (OSY)
 Department of Defense (DOD)
 Air Force Office of Special Investigations (AFOSI)
 Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA)
 Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)
 Defense Logistics Agency (DLA)
 DLA Police
 Office of the Inspector General
 National Security Agency (NSA)
 NSA Office of Inspector General
 Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS)
 Department of Defense Office of Inspector General (DoD OIG)
 Defense Criminal Investigative Service (DCIS)
 Pentagon Force Protection Agency (PFPA)
 United States Army Counterintelligence (Army CI)
 United States Army Criminal Investigation Division (CID)
 United States Marine Corps Criminal Investigation Division (USMC CID)
 Department of Education (ED)
 Office of Inspector General (ED OIG)
 Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
 Office of Criminal Investigations (OCI)
 Office of Inspector General (HHS OIG)
 Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
 Coast Guard Investigative Service (CGIS)
 Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS)
 Customs and Border Protection (CBP)
 Federal Protective Service (FPS)
 Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
 Homeland Security Investigations (HSI)
 Office of Inspector General (DHS-OIG)
 Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
 United States Secret Service (USSS)
 Department of the Interior (DOI)
 Bureau of Indian Affairs Police (BIA)
 Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
 National Park Service (NPS)
 Office of Inspector General (DOI OIG)
 United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
 United States Park Police (USPP)
 Department of Justice (DOJ)
 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
 Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
 Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)
 Office of Inspector General (DOJ OIG)
 United States Marshals Service (USMS)
 Department of Energy (DOE)
 National Nuclear Security Administration
 United States Department of Labor (DOL)
 Department of Labor, Office of Inspector General (DOL OIG)
 Department of State
 Diplomatic Security Service (DSS)
 Office of Inspector General (DOS OIG)
 Department of Transportation (DOT)
 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA)
 Office of Inspector General for the Department of Transportation (DOT OIG)
 Department of the Treasury
 Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB)
 Bureau of Engraving and Printing Police
 IRS Criminal Investigation (IRS-CI)
 Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (TIGTA)
 United States Mint
 United States Mint Police
 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
 Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (OECA)
 Office of Inspector General (EPA OIG)
 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
 Office of Inspector General
 Office of Protective Services
 Office of Personnel Management
 Office of Inspector General (OPM OIG)
 United States Postal Service (USPS)
 United States Postal Inspection Service (USPIS)
 Office of Inspector General (USPS OIG)

 Federal Reserve System
 Federal Reserve Police

 Other
 All 73 federal Offices of Inspector General (OIG), including those listed individually above

Training for the federal criminal investigator
Federal law enforcement training can be divided into various categories, the most common being basic, agency-specific basic (ASB), advanced/specialized, and agency-advanced/specialized. To operate safely and effectively, U.S. Special Agents and criminal investigators must possess skills and knowledge regarding criminal and civil law and procedure, enforcement operations, physical techniques, and technical equipment, to mention a few. They must also be physically fit. While possession of a college degree can aid in obtaining employment in this profession, only extensive training provided at specialized facilities, combined with on-the-job training, can provide the skills and knowledge needed to perform the duties of a federal criminal investigator. As of 2012, there were 13,913 FBI agents, as of 2016, there were approximately 6,500 ICE-Homeland Security investigations (HSI) agents, and as of 2011, there were 4,890 DEA agents in the United States.

Criminal investigators and the use of the term Special Agent
Not all federal criminal investigators are called special agents. Some federal agencies entitle their investigators as criminal investigators but use the term interchangeably with special agent. Other federal agencies use different titles for the same 1811 criminal investigative job series. Series 1811 criminal investigators for the U.S. marshals are entitled deputy marshals. Series 1811 criminal investigators for the U.S Postal Inspection Service are called postal inspectors. These inspectors were originally called surveyors and received a title change in 1801 to Special Agent. In 1880, the U.S. Congress created the position of Chief Postal Inspector and renamed these special agents to postal inspectors. The first special agents in the United States were appointed in 1791 when the Secretary of the Treasury was authorized to employ "Special Agents" for the purpose of examining the accounts and books of the Collectors of Customs. The position of Special Treasury Agent was created, and until 1860 submitted reports to the Department of Treasury, through the Collectors of Customs in the Customs District in which they were employed.

State, county, municipal, and tribal governments
The terms 'special agent' and 'agent' are also used by various specialised state level law enforcement agencies to refer to their officers,including the North Carolina Bureau of Investigations (NCSBI)  ,the Kentucky Department of Criminal Investigation (DCI) ,many agencies inside the California Department of Justice such as the  California Bureau of Investigation , the California Bureau of Firearms , the California Bureau of Gambling Control , the California Bureau of Forensic Services and the California Bureau of Medi-Cal Fraud & Elder Abuse, the
Tennessee Bureau of Investigation (TBI) ,the Arkansas State Police  (ASP) Criminal Investigations Divisionand many others.These agencies may be a part of  State Bureau of Investigation (which is usually a part of an Attorney General's Office or a state level Government Department) or a State Police Agency ( which is again itself a part of a state Department of Public Safety or a Department of Justice).

Also,Maryland has criminal investigators who are employed by the state attorney.  These investigators are called special investigators. As with special agents, these special investigators are authorized to conduct investigations, make arrests, carry firearms or other weapons, and carry a metallic badge.

In popular culture
Special agents, particularly those within the FBI, have been depicted in popular entertainment for years.

The title "Assistant Special Agent in Charge" and its acronym "ASAC" () are stated frequently throughout the TV series Breaking Bad. For example, in Season 1 through Season 4, both Hank Schrader and Gus Fring are shown to be friendly with Hank's boss, ASAC George Merkert, and in Season 4 Episode 12 "End Times", Steve Gomez tells Dennis the "ASAC" is being pressured to search Gus's laundry for drugs. In Season 5, Hank – who is proud to have been promoted to the job vacated by his ousted boss – repeatedly chants "ASAC Schrader" to his baby niece Holly.

In the TV series White Collar, Peter Burke is the "Special Agent in Charge" (promoted from assistant Special Agent in Charge at the end of Season 6) and the head of the Manhattan White Collar Division.

In the TV series Criminal Minds several of the Behavioral Analysis Unit members are Supervisory Special Agents.

In the TV series The X Files, the title "Special Agent" is given to both Fox Mulder and Dana Scully of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The title is referenced by them numerous times throughout each episode.

The main character from the TV series Twin Peaks, is FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper, and also, other FBI special agents make numerous cameos throughout the series, and its prequel movie, Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me.

"Dick Barton - Special Agent" was the subject of radio programs in the 1940s and later TV and film productions.

In the TV series NCIS the character Special Agent Anthony DiNozzo constantly introduces himself as "Very Special Agent Anthony DiNozzo" in an attempt to be charming.

See also

 List of United States federal law enforcement agencies
 Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
 Detective
 Diplomatic Security Service, U.S. Department of State
 Drug Enforcement Administration
 Federal Bureau of Investigation
 Central Intelligence Agency
 Inspector
 Investigator (disambiguation)
 IRS Criminal Investigation
 Law enforcement agency
 Police rank
 Society of Former Special Agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
 State bureau of investigation
 State police
 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
 United States Marshals Service
 United States Secret Service
 Spy agent

References

American law enforcement officials
Detectives
Legal professions
Police ranks
Law enforcement occupations
Positions of authority
Spies by role

Special agent


.ly ist die länderspezifische Top-Level-Domain (ccTLD) des Staates Libyen. Diese Top-Level-Domain wurde am 23. April 1997 eingeführt. Technisch verwaltet wird sie von der General Post and Telecommunication Company Al Zawia in Tripolis sowie auf sechs anderen Servern im Land.

Eigenschaften
Eine Domain unterhalb von .ly darf zwischen drei und 63 Zeichen lang sein. Internationalisierte Domainnamen werden bislang nicht unterstützt. Die Registrierung einer .ly-Domain steht jeder natürlichen oder juristischen Person offen, es gibt keine besonderen Beschränkungen bei der Vergabe. Allerdings wurden in der Vergangenheit mehrfach Domains mit pornographischem Bezug ohne Vorwarnung gelöscht.

Im Jahr 2011 sorgte der Bürgerkrieg in Libyen für Unsicherheit bezüglich der Erreichbarkeit von .ly-Domains. Obwohl drei der fünf autoritativen Nameserver der Top-Level-Domain im Ausland stehen, erhalten diese ihre Daten in regelmäßigen Abständen von den libyschen Nameservern. Der Kurz-URL-Dienst Bitly sah sich daher sogar gezwungen, im März 2011 einen alternativen Betrieb unter der Domain j.mp einzurichten, falls ''bit.ly'' nicht erreichbar sein sollte. Zu einem größeren Ausfall in der Erreichbarkeit von .ly-Domains kam es während des Bürgerkriegs nicht.

Bedeutung
Im Vergleich zu anderen länderspezifischen Top-Level-Domains erzielen .ly-Domains kontinuierlich hohe Preise auf Handelsplattformen wie Sedo. Grund dafür ist die Bildung von Adjektiven der Englischen Sprache, die zum Beispiel zu Domains wie love.ly führt. Auch der Verkauf von rep.ly brachte der Top-Level-Domain erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit.

Weblink
 Website der Vergabestelle Al Zawia

Einzelnachweise

Länderspezifische Top-Level-Domain
Medien (Libyen)

.ly


تنيرة اٍحدى بلديات ولاية سيدي بلعباس تبلغ مساحتها 162 كم مربع منها 7000 هكتار عبارة عن اراضي فلاحية و 5428 هكتار مساحة غابية مع وجود مياه جوفية تقدر ب 300.000.000 متر مكعب (تقديرات سنة 2008)
عدد السكان : 10080 نسمة (5039 ذكور و 5041 اناث) حسب الإحصاء العام للسكن والسكان لسنة 2008
عدد السكنات : 1830
و يعتبر مركز المالح التحتاني من أقدم وأهم الأحياء ببلدية تنيرة حيث كان مجمعا سكانيا ابان الاستعمار يتربع على مساحة إجمالية تقدر ب 43686 متر مربع.

المجمعات السكنية الثانوية:.سيدي أحمد. المالح الفوقاني. دوار ولاد زياد.

المراجع

بلديات ولاية سيدي بلعباس

تنيرة