Le pont des Fées est un pont situé sur les communes de Gérardmer et Xonrupt-Longemer dans le département des Vosges en région Grand Est. Il enjambe la Vologne après avoir rejoint les ruisseaux de Belbriette et des Fies en amont de Xonrupt.

Toponymie
L'origine de son appellation est due à l'abondance d'épicéas, en patois « fie », qui donne pont des fies, soit pont des Fées en français.

Histoire
Il fut construit en 1763 et restauré entre 1782 et 1838 et était l'unique passage desservant Saint-Dié à la maison-forte de Martimpré. Il est vraisemblable qu'un autre pont en bois et plus ancien ait existé, mais n'a pas laissé de trace.

Le pont dit Pont des Fées est inscrit au titre des monuments historiques par arrêté du 11 février 1972.

Description
Il s'agit d'un pont voûté, construit en pierres médiévales. Sa portée est de .

Valorisation du patrimoine
Le site a subi des travaux de rénovation et dispose d'un panneau indicateur relevant l'historique et la légende du site.

Légendes

Plusieurs légendes sont prêtées au site. Selon une de ces dernière, une fée attirerait les chevaliers pour leur faire boire un philtre afin qu'ils ne soient plus clairvoyants et de les attirer à construire le pont avant d'être relâchés à l'aube.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Liste des monuments historiques du département des Vosges
 Liste de ponts du département des Vosges

Liens externes

Gérardmer
Fées
Fées
Monument historique inscrit en 1972
Monument historique dans le département des Vosges

Pont des Fées (Vologne)


Die Kreuzberglkirche ist die Kalvarienbergkirche am Kreuzbergl in Klagenfurt. Die Kirche ist ein Rektorat der Stadtpfarrkirche St. Egid, mit der sie eine städtebauliche Achse bildet.

Geschichte
1692 ließ Christoph Anton von Leilersperg am Kreuzbergl eine große Kalvarienberggruppe aufstellen. 1737 schenkte der Abt von Viktring der Gottesleichnamsbruderschaft den Grund für den Bau einer Kirche, die 1742 geweiht wurde.

Baubeschreibung
Der barocke Bau besteht aus einem quadratischen Langhaus, einem eingezogenen, einjochigen Chor mit Dreiachtelschluss sowie zwei kleineren Anbauten an der Nord- und Südseite. Die Ostfassade mit einem von barocken Zwiebelhelmen bekrönten, gedrungenen Turmpaar weist eine schlichte Pilastergliederung auf.

In der kleinen Vorhalle unter der Orgelempore wölbt sich eine Flachtonne mit Stichkappen. Das zentralraumartige Langhaus wird durch marmorierte Pilaster und reich profiliertes Gebälk gegliedert. Das kuppelige Tonnengewölbe mit Stichkappen wurde von Josef Ferdinand Fromiller mit einer gemalten Scheinkuppel mit Architekturprospekt und dem Schweißtuch Christi bemalt. Im Chor erhebt sich ein Tonnengewölbe mit Stichkappen. Die um 1740 entstandene, qualitätvolle Stuckdekoration stammt vermutlich von Anton Gigl.

Einrichtung
Der Hochaltar aus Stuckmarmor mit glatten und gedrehten Säulen zeigt am Altarblatt die Beweinung Christi. Seitlich stehen die Statuen der heiligen Franz Xaver und Johannes Nepomuk. Das Gemälde des linken Seitenaltars stellt Petrus nach dem Verrat dar, das Bild des rechten Seitenaltars Maria Magdalena. Die drei Altäre stammen aus der Bauzeit der Kirche. Von Fromiller stammen neben den drei Altarblättern auch die Gemälde mit dem Tod Josefs und der Krönung Mariens.  Weiters besitzt die Kirche ein Gemälde der Leiden Christi, Bilder der heiligen Notburga aus der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts und eines Gnadenstuhles von 1741 sowie an der Chorsüdseite eine barocke Statue des Johannes Nepomuk.

Literatur
Dehio-Handbuch. Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs. Kärnten. Anton Schroll, Wien 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X, S. 361 f.

Weblinks

Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt,Kreuzbergl
Kirchengebäude in Klagenfurt am Wörthersee
Erbaut in den 1740er Jahren
Klagenfurt
Klagenfurt
Dekanat Klagenfurt-Stadt
Baudenkmal (Kärnten)

Kreuzberglkirche


الرومدية هي جزيرة صغيرة تقع أقصى شمال أرخبيل قرقنة.

مراجع

رومدية

الرومدية


ශිෂ්ටාචාරයේ ආරම්භයේ සිටම මිනිසා බලය පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යනයක යෙදීම ගැනත් බලය ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරීම ගැනත් අවධානය යොමුකර ඇත. පුරාතන ඉන්දියානු, චීන, ග්‍රීක හා රෝම ජාතිකයෝ, පාලකයා හා පාලිත පක්ෂය හෙවත් වැසියන් අතර පවත්නා සබඳතාවයනගේ ස්වභාවයත් දේශපාලන සංවිධානයයෙහි පදනමත් ස්වකීය සම්ප්‍රදායනට අනුව විමසිල්ලට ලක් කලහ. ඔවුහුත් ඔවුන්ගෙන් පසුව පහල වු අයත් දේශපාලන බලයට පදනම් වු, විශ්ව සාධාරණ යැයි තමන් සැලකු සදාචාරාත්මක, දාර්ශනික හෝ දේවදධාර්මික මූලධර්ම සකස් කිරීමට වෙර දැරූහ. දේශපාලන විද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යනය හා විමර්ශනය අරභයා මෙතරම් දීර්ඝ සම්ප්‍රදායක් ඇතද අද එම විෂය හදාරන්නට මූලික ප්‍රශ්න රැසකට ම මුහුණ පෑමට සිදුව තිබේ. මෙහි හුදු විෂය ක්ෂේත්‍රයම අද විවාදයට ලක්ව ඇත. එය අධ්‍යනය කිරීම සඳහා යොදාගනු ලබන ක්‍රම හා මාර්ග මත භේදයනට තුඩු දී තිබේ. ඒ පිළිබඳව පිළිගත් වාග් මාලාවක් නොමැත. මෙම විෂයට අදාල මූලික යෙදුම්, සංකල්ප, හා මූලධර්ම විවිධ දේශපාලන විද්‍යාඥයින් විසින් විවිධාකාරයෙන් නිර්වචනය කර ඇත. "දේශපාලනය පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යනය විද්‍යාවක් නොව කලාවක්" යැයි සමහරුන් පෙන්වාදි ඇත. මානව සංවිධාන, මානව චර්යාව හා මානව සම්බන්ධතා පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යනය, සංකීර්ණ මෙන්ම ව්‍යාකූල ද වනු නියතය. මෙම කාර්යට මුහුණ දිය යුත්තේ විද්‍යාත්මක චිත්තාකල්පයකින් යුතුවය.

දේශපාලන විද්‍යාව නැමති පුඵල් ක්ෂේත්‍රය, පහසුවෙන් ම ප්‍රධාන අංශ හතරකට බෙදිය හැකිය. ඉන් පළමු වැන්න වනුයේ, දේශපාලන දර්ශනය හෙවත් දේශපාලන හා සමාජ න්‍යායයි. දාර්ශනික, ආගමික හා සදාචාරාත්මක දෘෂටිකෝණයක් අනුව දේශපාලන සංවිධානයෙහි හා දේශපාලන බැඳිමෙහි ස්වභාවය මින් විවරණය වේ. දේශපාලන දර්ශනය හුදෙක් දේව ධර්මයෙහි හෝ පොදු දර්ශනයෙහි ම හෝ අනුබද්ධ අංශයක් වශයෙන් හැදෑරු යුගයක් විය. දෙවැන්න දේශපාලන ආයතන වශයෙන් වර්ග කෙරේ. මෙයින් විග්‍රහ කරනුයේ ප්‍රාදේශීය, ජාතික හා අන්තර්ජාතික යනාදි විවිධ මට්ටම්වලදී දේශපලන බලය ක්‍රියාත්මක කිරිමට උපයෝගි කර ගනු ලබන ආයතනික සැකස්මයි. ප්‍රධාන රාජ්‍ය පාලන ආයතනයන් බිහි කොට ඒවා හසුරුවන ආණ්ඩු ක්‍රම, ව්‍යවස්ථා, රාජ්‍ය විධි නීතීය, රාජ්‍ය පරිපාලනය හා පරිපාලන නීතිය හා තුලානාත්මක ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම යනාදිය මීට අයත් වේ. තෙවැනි ප්‍රධාන අංශය වනුයේ දේශපාලන පක්ෂ, බලපෑම් කණ්ඩායම්, මහජන මතය පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යනයන් වේ. එක් අවධියකදී දේශපාලන විද්‍යාඥයින් බොහෝ දෙනෙක් යම් රටක ඇති ව්‍යවස්ථාවනත නොවන හෙවත් ව්‍යවස්ථාවනතභාවයෙන් බාහිර සංවිධාන, දේශපාලන ක්‍රියාවලිය කෙරෙහි දක්වන බලපෑම පිරික්සා නොබලා එරටෙහි දේශපාලන තත්වය සාකච්චා කිරිමෙහි යෙදුනහ. එහෙත් දේශපාලන ක්‍රමයෙහි ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වය අවබෝධ කර ගැනීම් වස්, දේශපාලන පක්ෂ, වෘත්තීය සංගම්, සේවා යෝජක සංවිධාන හා එම දේශපාලන ක්‍රමය ඇතුලතම පවත්නා වෙනත් සාමාජීය, ආර්ථික හා සංස්නෘතික කණ්ඩායම් හා සමිති පිළිබඳ මෙන්ම මහජන මතය සකස් කොට එය වෙනස් කිරීමටද තුඩු දෙන සාධක පිළිබඳවද දැනුමක් අවශ්‍ය වන බැව් අද වනවිට පොදු වශයෙන් පිළිගෙන ඇත. දේශපාලන විද්‍යාවේ සිව් වැනි අංශය අන්තර්ජාතික සම්බන්ධතාවයන්ගෙන් සමන්විත වේ. යුද්ධය හා සාමය විවිධ මානව ව්‍යාපාර ක්ෂේත්‍රයන්යෙහිලා අන්තර්ජාතික සහයෝගිතාවය ඇති කිරිමේ ප්‍රයත්නය, ජාතින් අතර පැන නගින අරගල නිරාකරණය කිරිමත් පොදු ආර්ථික හා සමාජ ප්‍රශ්න විසදිමත් උදෙසා පිහිටුවා ඇති ආයතන සහ අන්තර්ජාතික නීතිය යන කරුණු පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යනය මෙම අංශයට අයත්ය.

දේශපාලන විද්‍යාය හදාරන්නා විසින් තම විමර්ශන ආරම්භ කිරීම සඳහා පහසු සීමාවන් තෝරා ගැනීම අවශ්‍ය මෙන්ම ප්‍රයෝජනවත් ද වේ. නූතන ලෝකයේ දක්නට ලැබෙන ඉතාමත් වැදගත් වූත්, විශ්ව ප්‍රචලිත වූත්, ආයතනය වනුයේ රාජ්‍යයයි. සෑම පුද්ගලයෙක්ම අනිවාර්යෙන්ම, යම් කිසි රාජ්‍යක සාමාජිකයෙක් වේ. මේ ආකාරයට බලන විට දේශපාලන විද්‍යාව අධ්‍යනයෙහිලා ආරම්භක සීමාව ලෙස අපට පහසුවෙන්ම "රාජ්‍ය" තෝරා ගත හැකිය. මේ අනුව දේශපාලන විද්‍යාවේ සමස්ථය "රාජ්‍ය" මත පදනම් වන බවක් දක්නට ලැබේ.

මේ අඩවියත් බලන්න
දේශපාලන විද්‍යාව

දේශපාලන විද්‍යාවේ ස්වභාවය.


Plavecký Štvrtok este o comună din Slovacia aflatâ în districtul Malacky, regiunea Bratislava. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 2.372 de locuitori.

Istoric
Plavecký Štvrtok este atestată documentar din 1206.

Note

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Localități din Slovacia

Plavecký Štvrtok


Les cellules neuroépithéliales, ou cellules neuroectodermiques, sont les cellules formant la paroi du tube neural fermé au début du développement embryonnaire. Les cellules neuroépithéliales s'étendent sur l'épaisseur de la paroi du tube, se connectant à la surface piale et à la surface ventriculaire ou luminale. Ils sont reliés à la lumière du tube par des complexes jonctionnels, où ils forment une couche d'épithélium pseudostratifiée appelée neuroépithélium.

Les cellules neuroépithéliales sont les cellules souches neurales du système nerveux central. Elle génèrent des cellules progénitrices intermédiaires appelées cellules gliales radiales, qui se différencient à leur tour en neurones et en cellules gliales au cours de la neurogenèse .

Développement neuronal embryonnaire

Le développement du cerveau

Au cours de la troisième semaine de croissance embryonnaire, le cerveau commence à se développer chez le fœtus précoce au cours d'un processus appelé morphogenèse. Les cellules neuroépithéliales de l'ectoderme commencent à se multiplier rapidement et se replient en formant la plaque neurale, qui s'invagine au cours de la quatrième semaine de croissance embryonnaire et forme le tube neural . La formation du tube neural polarise les cellules neuroépithéliales en orientant le côté apical de la cellule vers l'intérieur, qui devient plus tard la zone ventriculaire, et le côté basal est orienté vers l'extérieur, qui entre en contact avec la pie-mère ou la surface externe du cerveau en développement. Dans le cadre de cette polarité, les cellules neuroépithéliales expriment la prominine-1 dans la membrane plasmique apicale ainsi que des jonctions serrées pour maintenir la polarité cellulaire. L'intégrine alpha 6 ancre les cellules neuroépithéliales à la lame basale . Le tube neural commence par une seule couche de cellules épithéliales pseudostratifiées, mais la prolifération rapide des cellules neuroépithéliales crée des couches supplémentaires et finalement trois régions distinctes de croissance. Comme ces couches supplémentaires forment la polarité apicale-basale doit être régulée à la baisse. Une prolifération supplémentaire des cellules dans ces régions donne naissance à trois zones distinctes du cerveau : le cerveau antérieur, le mésencéphale et le cerveau postérieur. Le tube neural donne également naissance à la moelle épinière .

Prolifération des cellules neuroépithéliales

Les cellules neuroépithéliales sont une classe de cellules souches et ont la capacité de s'auto-renouveler. Lors de la formation du tube neural, les cellules neuroépithéliales subissent des divisions prolifératives symétriques qui donnent naissance à deux nouvelles cellules neuroépithéliales. À un stade ultérieur du développement du cerveau, les cellules neuroépithéliales commencent à s'auto-renouveler et donnent naissance à des progéniteurs non-souches, tels que les cellules gliales radiales simultanément en subissant une division asymétrique. L'expression de Tis21, un gène antiprolifératif, fait passer la cellule neuroépithéliale de la division proliférative à la division neuronique. De nombreuses cellules neuroépithéliales se divisent également en cellules gliales radiales, une cellule similaire, mais dont le destin est plus restreint. Étant une cellule dont le destin est plus restreint, la cellule gliale radiale générera soit des neurones postmitotiques, des cellules progénitrices intermédiaires ou des astrocytes dans la gliogenèse . Au cours de la division cellulaire neuroépithéliale, la migration nucléaire intercinétique permet aux cellules de se diviser sans restriction tout en maintenant un emballage dense. Au cours de G1, le noyau cellulaire migre vers le côté basal de la cellule et y reste pour la phase S et migre vers le côté apical pour la phase G2 . Cette migration nécessite l'aide de microtubules et de filaments d'actine .

Transition radiale des cellules gliales
Les cellules neuroépithéliales donnent naissance à des cellules progénitrices gliales radiales au début du développement embryonnaire. Pour effectuer ce changement, les cellules neuroépithéliales commencent à réguler à la baisse leurs caractéristiques épithéliales, en arrêtant l'expression de l'occludine, une protéine de jonction serrée. La perte d'occludine entraîne une perte des anciens joints de jonction serrée qui sont nécessaires à la génération de neuroblastes. Une autre protéine de jonction serrée , PARD3, reste du côté apical de la cellule en co-localisation avec la N-cadhérine et maintient intacte la face apicale de la cellule neuroépithéliale. En l'absence d'occludine, une certaine polarité est toujours perdue et la cellule neuroépithéliale donne naissance à la cellule gliale radiale.

Neurogenèse adulte

Genèse des cellules neuroépithéliales dans le SNC adulte

Dans le SNC adulte, les cellules neuroépithéliales apparaissent dans plusieurs zones différentes du cerveau : la zone sous-ventriculaire (SVZ), le bulbe olfactif et le gyrus denté de l'hippocampe. Ces cellules n'apparaissent dans aucun système nerveux périphérique. Souvent classées dans la catégorie des cellules souches neurales, les cellules neuroépithéliales ne donnent naissance qu'à quelques variétés de cellules neurales, ce qui les rend multipotentes - une nette distinction avec les cellules souches pluripotentes trouvées dans le développement embryonnaire. Les cellules neuroépithéliales subissent une mitose générant davantage de cellules neuroépithéliales, de cellules gliales radiales ou de cellules progénitrices, ces deux dernières se différenciant en neurones ou en cellules gliales. Les cellules neuroépithéliales subissent deux formes différentes de mitose : une division différenciée asymétrique et une division prolifique symétrique. La division cellulaire asymétrique donne lieu à deux variétés différentes de cellules filles (c'est-à-dire qu'une cellule neuroépithéliale se divise en une cellule gliale radiale et une autre cellule neuroépithéliale), tandis que la version symétrique produit des cellules filles identiques. Cet effet est causé par l'orientation du fuseau mitotique, qui est situé dans la zone postérieure ou antérieure de la cellule mitotique, plutôt que le centre où il se trouve lors de la division symétrique. Les cellules progénitrices et les cellules gliales radiales répondent à des facteurs trophiques extracellulaires - comme le facteur neurotrophique ciliaire (CNTF), les cytokines ou la neuréguline 1 (NRG1) - qui peuvent déterminer si les cellules se différencieront en neurones ou en glies. Dans l'ensemble, la neurogenèse est régulée à la fois par de nombreuses voies de régulation variées dans le SNC ainsi que par plusieurs autres facteurs, des gènes aux stimuli externes tels que le comportement individuel d'une personne. Le vaste réseau interconnecté de réponses régulatrices agit pour affiner les réponses fournies par les neurones nouvellement formés.

Neurogenèse dans la réparation neurale
La neurogenèse dans le cerveau adulte est souvent associée à des maladies qui détériorent le SNC, comme la maladie de Huntington, la maladie d'Alzheimer et la maladie de Parkinson. Chez les patients atteints de ces maladies, la neurogenèse dans l'hippocampe est plus haute. Sans qu'on sache si ces effets sont régénératifs ou non concluants. Les personnes atteintes de ces maladies expriment également souvent des capacités olfactives diminuées ainsi qu'une activité cognitive diminuée dans l'hippocampe, des zones spécifiques à la neurogenèse. Les gènes associés à ces maladies comme l'alpha-synucléine, la préséniline 1, la protéine tau et la huntingtine sont également souvent associés à la plasticité du cerveau et à sa modification. La neuroplasticité est associée à la neurogenèse de façon complémentaire. Les nouveaux neurones générés par les cellules neuroépithéliales, les progéniteurs et les cellules gliales radiales ne survivront que s'ils sont capables de s'intégrer dans le système en établissant des connexions avec de nouveaux voisins. Cela conduit également à de nombreux concepts controversés, comme la thérapie neurogène impliquant la greffe de cellules progénitrices locales dans une zone endommagée.

Maladies associées

Tumeur neuroépithéliale dysembryoplasique (TNT)

Une tumeur neuroépithéliale dysembryoplasique est une tumeur bénigne rare qui touche les enfants et les adolescents de moins de vingt ans. La tumeur se produit dans le tissu recouvrant le cerveau et la moelle épinière. Les symptômes de la tumeur dépendent de sa localisation, mais la plupart des enfants souffrent de crises qui ne peuvent être contrôlées par des médicaments. Elle est généralement traité par chirurgie invasive et les patients sont généralement capables de récupérer complètement, avec peu ou pas d'effets à long terme.

Kystes neuroépithéliaux
Les kystes neuroépithéliaux, également appelés kystes colloïdes, se développent chez les personnes âgées de 20 à 50 ans et sont relativement rares chez les personnes de moins de vingt ans. Les kystes sont des tumeurs bénignes qui apparaissent généralement dans le troisième ventricule antérieur. Les kystes se produisent dans l'épithélium, ce qui expose leurs patients à un risque d'hydrocéphalie obstructive, d'augmentation de la pression intracrânienne et, rarement, d'hémorragie intrakystique. Cela résulte de l'agrandissement des kystes en provoquant la sécrétion de liquide mucineux supplémentaire par l'épithélium. Les kystes sont généralement découverts fortuitement ou si les patients deviennent symptomatiques présentant les symptômes de l'hydrocéphalie. Les kystes les plus gros sont opérés tandis que les kystes plus petits qui ne sont pas obstructifs peuvent être laissés seuls.

Tumeurs oligodendrogliales
Les tumeurs oligodendrogliales se manifestent dans les cellules gliales, qui sont chargées de soutenir et de protéger les cellules nerveuses du cerveau. La tumeur se développe sur oligodendrocytes et se trouve généralement dans le cerveau autour des frontaux ou temporels lobes. Les tumeurs peuvent soit se développer lentement de manière bien différenciée, retardant l'apparition des symptômes, soit se développer rapidement pour former un oligodendrogliome anaplasique. Les symptômes de ce type de tumeur comprennent des maux de tête et des problèmes visuels. De plus, le blocage des ventricules pourrait provoquer une accumulation de liquide céphalo-rachidien entraînant un gonflement autour de la tumeur. L'emplacement de la tumeur peut également affecter les symptômes, car les tumeurs du lobe frontal peuvent provoquer des changements progressifs de l'humeur ou de la personnalité, tandis que les tumeurs du lobe temporal entraînent des problèmes de coordination et d'élocution.

Recherche en cours

Chimères neuronales
Les chercheurs ont pu créer des chimères neurales en combinant des neurones développés à partir de cellules souches embryonnaires avec des cellules gliales également dérivées de cellules souches embryonnaires. Ces chimères neuronales offrent aux chercheurs un moyen complet d'étudier les mécanismes moléculaires à l'origine de la réparation et de la régénération cellulaires via les cellules précurseurs neuroépithéliales et, espérons-le, feront la lumière sur une éventuelle réparation du système nerveux en milieu clinique. Dans une tentative d'identifier les caractéristiques clés qui différencient les cellules neuroépithéliales de leurs cellules progénitrices, les chercheurs ont identifié un filament intermédiaire qui était exprimé par 98% des cellules neuroépithéliales du tube neural, mais aucune de leurs cellules progénitrices. Après cette découverte, il est devenu clair que les trois types de cellules du système nerveux résultaient d'une population homogène de cellules souches. Afin de rendre possible la réparation neuronale clinique, les chercheurs devaient caractériser davantage la détermination régionale des cellules souches au cours du développement du cerveau en déterminant quels facteurs engagent un précurseur à devenir l'un ou l'autre. Bien que les facteurs exacts qui conduisent à la différenciation soient inconnus, les chercheurs ont profité des chimères neurales humain-rat pour explorer le développement des neurones humains et des cellules gliales dans un modèle animal. Ces chimères neuronales ont permis aux chercheurs d'étudier les maladies neurologiques dans un modèle animal où les changements traumatiques et réactifs peuvent être contrôlés. À terme, les chercheurs espèrent pouvoir utiliser les informations tirées de ces expériences de chimères neuronales pour réparer les régions du cerveau affectées par des troubles du système nerveux central. Le problème de la livraison, cependant, n'a toujours pas été résolu car il a été démontré que les chimères neurales circulent dans les ventricules et s'intègrent dans toutes les parties du SNC. En trouvant des indices environnementaux de différenciation, la transplantation de précurseurs neuroépithéliaux pourrait être utilisée dans le traitement de nombreuses maladies, notamment la sclérose en plaques, la maladie de Huntington et la maladie de Parkinson. Une exploration plus poussée des cellules chimères neurales et des cerveaux chimériques fournira des preuves pour manipuler les bons gènes et augmenter l'efficacité de la réparation des greffes neurales.

Dépression
Les recherches sur la dépression indiquent que l'un des principaux facteurs de causalité de la dépression, le stress, influence également la neurogenèse. Cette connexion a conduit les recherches à postuler que la dépression pourrait être le résultat de changements dans les niveaux de neurogenèse dans le cerveau adulte, en particulier dans le gyrus denté. Des études indiquent que le stress affecte la neurogenèse en augmentant les glucocorticoïdes et en diminuant les neurotransmetteurs tels que la sérotonine. Ces effets ont été en outre vérifiés en induisant un stress chez les animaux de laboratoire, ce qui a entraîné une diminution des niveaux de neurogenèse. De plus, les thérapies modernes qui traitent la dépression favorisent également la neurogenèse. Les recherches en cours cherchent à vérifier davantage cette connexion et à définir le mécanisme par lequel elle se produit. Cela pourrait potentiellement conduire à une meilleure compréhension du développement de la dépression ainsi que des futures méthodes de traitement.

Articles connexes
 Cellule souche neurale

Références

Liens externes

 Embryology.ch : Histogénèse et myélinisation

Embryologie du système nerveux
Cellule souche animale
Cellule
Pages avec des traductions non relues

Cellule neuroépithéliale


CE er en forkortelse for Conformité Européenne (den europæiske konformitetskomite). Bogstaverne CE bruges som mærke i en speciel grafisk udformning. En del elektrisk udstyr, sikkerhedsudstyr og byggeprodukter skal have et sådant certifikat og mærke. Mærket er producentens garanti for, at alle direktiver, som har med sikkerhed at gøre, er opfyldte. Mærkningen siger ikke nødvendigvis noget om produktets øvrige kvaliteter.

Materiel, som er mærket CE, kan frit omsættes inden for EU's handelsområde. En række europæiske lande, fx Norge, er ikke medlem i EU, men gennem EØS-aftalen er det meste af lovgivningen inden for EU også gjort gældende i disse lande. Seriøse fabrikanter lægger stor vægt på at overholde garantien, som ligger i mærkningen. Eksempelvis tilbagekaldte Nokia i november 2009 et stort antal batteriladere til mobiltelefoner på grund af mulig fare.

Ifølge en artikel i The Guardian blev mærket designet af Arthur Eisenmenger.

Noter

Se også
 International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Eksterne henvisninger
 "Bag om CE-mærket" (Forbrugerrådet)
Få hjælp til CE-mærkning - Trin for trin vejledning (Dansk Standard)
 Conformance – European Product Safety and Environmental Directives
 The United Kingdom official CE site
 Europakommissionen om CE-mærkning

Certificeringsmærker
EU
Standarder
Elektrisk sikkerhed

CE-direktiver


Rimanóczy Kálmán Senior () a fost un arhitect maghiar orădean, antreprenor de construcții. A fost tatăl arhitectului Kálmán Rimanóczy (fiul) (1870-1912).

Biografie
Tatăl său, József-Sámuel Rimanóczy, a fost socrul ducelui Esterházy Kapuvári. Kálmán însuși era doar zidar. Ulterior, probabil, a trecut examenul de meșter, care l-a autorizat să realizeze sarcini arhitecturale (proiectare și construcție). În anii 1860 a lucrat în Budapesta și împrejurimi. Se pare că aici s-a născut primul fiu. În 1867 canonicul Nogáll János, hirotonit episcop, l-a invitat să construiască Institutul Sfântul Vincențiu de Paul în Oradea. Opera sa a fost foarte apreciată în Oradea și așa se face că s-a stabilit în orașul de pe malul Crișului Repede.

Rimanóczy va călca pe urmele tatălui său și va concepe și proiecta clădiri în stil eclectic. La unele dintre clădirile sale pot fi găsite motive de Art Nouveau -Secession, la design contribuind și fiul arhitectului, Kálmán Rimanóczy (fiul). Până la moartea sa a acceptat un singur contract în afara Oradiei, atunci când a participat la construirea cinematografului Uránia din Budapesta, între 1893 și 1995, pe Calea Kerepesi (aztăzi Strada Rákóczi). Kálmán Rimanóczy fost foarte atașat de Oradea. Unul din marile sale merite este înființarea Teatrului Szigligeti și amenajarea ultimului colț al Pieței Bémer (astăzi: Piața Ferdinand).

Familia
Soția sa, Irén Kapolnya, i-a dăruit doi fii: Béla și Kálmán. Acesta din urmă este, de asemenea, un arhitect celebru, cu multe constructii locale ca designer și antreprenor. Kálmán a donat sume uriașe orașului și săracilor. Și-a lăsat podgoria împreună cu clădirile de pe lângă ea Institutului Sf. Vincențiu de Paul al Episcopiei Romano-Catolice de Oradea.

Memorie
După moartea lui Kálmán Rimanóczy, în ianuarie 1908, orașul Oradea, ca o recunoaștere a marilor sale merite, a  redenumit faimoasa stradă centrală Áldás, unde locuia cu familia și unde avea un hotel pe colț, Strada Kálmán Rimanóczy (din 1958 s-a numit Strada Iosif Vulcan. În 1994 Strada Bârzavei - undeva pe la periferie - a fost redenumită Strada Rimanóczy Kálmán, dar aceasta nu are nimic comun cu faimosul arhitect orădean).

Lucrări

Clădiri proiectate pentru Oradea

 Institutul Sfântul Vincențiu (Nogáll) , 1868 (1899-1901:  extinderea din 1906 aparține lui Rimanóczy Kálmán jr. și Peiser Charles)
 Banca de Credit pentru Comerț și Industrie - 1886
 Oradea, Banca de Economii, restaurare, 1887
 Fostul Cazinou Național, 1888
 Extindere Seminar, 1888
 Casa Deutsch, (1888 - prima construcție, cea de la nr.2 al str. Vasile Alecsandri; Casa deutsch de astăzi aparține altui arhitect orădean, Ferenc Sztarill)
 Muzeum, 1895 (azi: Palatul Copiilor), 1910, extindere:  Rimanóczy Kálmán jr.
 Hotelul și Baia de Aburi Rimanóczy, 1892 (Extindere spre fosta Piață Bémer, -actuala Piață Ferdinand - 1900)
 Magazinul de bijuterii Andrény (Piața Mare pe actuala str. Dimitrie Cantemir), 1893
 Clădirea Bazarului (str. Madách Imre, 1900)
 Cazarma Honvezilor (azi Muzeul Militar de pe actuala Calea Armata Română) 1901-1902
 Reconstrucția Gării Oradea. 1901-1903 (Asociat: Normal William)
 Palatul Rimanóczy, actuala Calea Republicii , 1905 (unele surse atribuie designul lui R. jr. )
 Oradea, Banca Centrală de Economii, 1906
 Sinagoga Neologă de pe fosta Kossuth Lajos, actuala Independenței, pe malul Crișului Repede.

Note

Nașteri în 1840
Decese în 1908
Arhitecți maghiari
Orădeni

Kálmán Rimanóczy (tatăl)


Walt Gilmore (nacido el  en Millen, Georgia) es un exjugador de baloncesto estadounidense que disputó una temporada en la NBA. Con 1,98 metros de estatura, lo hacía en la posición de alero.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Jugó durante cuatro temporadas con los Wildcats de la Universidad Estatal de Fort Valley, en las que promedió 17,2 puntos y 12,8 rebotes por partido.

Profesional
Fue elegido en la vigésimo quinta posición del Draft de la NBA de 1970 por Portland Trail Blazers, y también en el draft de la ABA por The Floridians, fichando por los primeros. Allí jugó una única temporada, siendo uno de los jugadores menos utilizados, promediando 2,1 puntos y 2,7 rebotes por partido.

Al año siguiente firmó con Kansas City-Omaha Kings, pero fue cortado antes del comienzo de la competición. Es el único jugador de la historia de la NBA en llevar el número 48 en su camiseta.

Estadísticas de su carrera en la NBA

Temporada regular

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Ficha de Gilmore en NBA.com
 Ficha de Walt Gilmore en ultimatenba.com

Baloncestistas de Georgia (Estados Unidos)
Baloncestistas de la NBA
Baloncestistas de los Fort Valley State Wildcats
Baloncestistas de los Portland Trail Blazers

Walt Gilmore


Lemeški kulen je kulinarski specijalitet iz bačkog sela Lemeša, Vojvodina. Iz kulinarske je tradicije bačkih Hrvata.

Osobitosti lemeškog kulena uz sve spomenute sastojke i načine pripreme uvjetuju zemljopisni uvjeti, insolacija, mjesni vjetrovi i podneblje.
Lemešani od 2006. održavanju gastronomski festival Lemeški kulen fest, u organizaciji Udruge Lemeški kulen krajem lipnja. Manifestaciju pomaže Pokrajinsko tajništvo za poljodjelstvo, vodoprivredu i šumarstvo. Program obuhvaća prodajnu izložbu i kulturno-umjetnički program uz tamburašku glazbu, a manifestacija se održava u Domu kulture u Lemešu.

Lemeški kulen je predstavljen na 10. međunarodnom festivalu pršuta u Hrvatskoj u općini Tinjan, Istra.

Odabir i priprema mesa
Priprema ga se kada je sezona klanja svinja, od kojih se spravljaju još i razni drugi trajni i polutrajni proizvodi ( čvarci, švargle, krvavice, kobasice, šunke itd.). Za pripremiti dobar kulen potrebno izabrati svinjsko meso. Svinjetina ne smije biti previše masna, a ni previše krta. Potom se meso usitnjava. U davna vremena rezalo ga se na sitne komadiće. Danas ga se melje u stroju za mljevenje mesa s rupama promjera 8 mm.

Dodavanje začina
Izmjljevenom i izmjerenom mesu 2,2% obične kuhinjske soli i 4 do 5 % dobre, birane i posebno obrađene lemeške mljevene paprike. Mještani organoleptički mirisom i okusom odabiru pravu mljevenu papriku za svoj kulen. Stavi se začine i dobru umijesi smjesa. Miješanje je ručno ručno u posudi koja svojom veličinom treba odgovarati količini odmjerenog mljevenog mesa da bi masa bila ravnomjerno izmiješana. Potrebno je znati kad je došao pravi trenutak kad treba prekinuti s miješanjem, tj. kad je kulen "dobro umišan". Pravi majstor izrade na kraju ipak sam ili više prisutnih majstora kušaju smjesu te ako im osjetilo okusa naloži, daju svoj sud te doda se još malo paprike ili soli ili pak ništa više ne doda.

Punjenje
Smjesa kad prođe sva moguća testiranja spremna je za punjenje. Smjesom se puni dobro očišćeno i posebno pripremljeno svinjsko slijepo crijevo. Crijevo se puni krajnje pažljivo i vrlo čvrsto, da ne bi ni malo zraka ostalo unutar kulena. Zrak u kulenu ostavlja katastrofalne posljedice po sam kulen. Kvalitetno napunjeno crijevo zatvara se i vezuje pomoću konopa debljine oko 3 mm kojim se istovremeno i oplete kulen da bi ga držao kroz naredni vremenski period.

Dimljenje
Netom napunjeni lemeški kulen odstoji ovako još 24 sata. Zatim ga se stavlja u pušnicu, malu prostorijue gdje se laganim izgaranjem drva stvara dim kojim se dimi kulen. Dimi se lagano, hladnim dimom i uz prekide. Koliko i kako znade svaki Lemešan, a postupak važi kao tajna. Drvo koje se u izgaranju koristi je bagrem, najzastupljeniji u lemeškim prostorima. Važno je odabrati pravi komad bagremovog drva. Kad je kulen odimljen kako treba, "dobro upušit", kako bi Lemešani rekli, spreman je za sušenje i dozrijevanje.

Zrenje
Za sušenje i dozrijevanje služi "komara", neki danas kažu da je to špajz ili ostava. Radi se o prostoriji u kući od naboja vrlo debelih zemljanih zidova s vratima na jednom i burdžom (vrlo uskim otvorom) na drugom kraju i zemljanim podom u kojoj vlada polutama. Sve do modernih vremena, u Lemešu su takve bile sve ostave ili špajzovi. Zrenje traje najmanje tri do četiri meseca. Kulen može stajati godinu dana, pa i duže.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Facebook Lemeški kulen
Roštiljanje  Gastronomske manifestacije: Lemeški kulen fest 2013.
Radio televizija Vojvodine, Facebook Održan 10. Lemeški kulen fest

Kultura Hrvata u Vojvodini
Hrvatska kuhinja
Lemeš (Sombor, Srbija)

Lemeški kulen


Carlos Hassel Mendes da Silva (Ceres, 01 de março de 1952), é um politico brasileiro. Foi secretário da Saúde do Estado de Goiás, no governo Maguito Vilela, de 1995 a 1997.

Vida Pessoal
É filho de Domingos Mendes da Silva, médico que exerceu mandatos de prefeito de Ceres e deputado estadual) e Eudméa Hassel Mendes da Silva. Casou-se com Celina Ferreira Hassel Mendes, com quem teve três filhos: Tiago, Joab e Daniel. Graduou-se em Medicina pela Universidade de Brasília (UnB), em 1975, especializando-se em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia no Hospital de Base de Brasília.

Deputados federais do Brasil por Goiás
Deputados estaduais de Goiás
Membros do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro (1980)
Naturais de Ceres (Goiás)

Carlos Hassel Mendes


Die heutigen türkischen Familiennamen sind auf die Nachnamenreform vom 21. Juni 1934 zurückzuführen, wodurch mit dem Familiennamensgesetz in der Türkei Familiennamen eingeführt wurden.

Die Liste erhebt keinen Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Es sollen in der Regel nur Namen eingetragen werden, zu denen ein Namensartikel in dieser Wikipedia existiert.

Familiennamengesetz

Aufgrund des neuen Gesetzes mussten sich alle Bewohner der Türkei ab Januar 1935 einen Nachnamen zulegen bzw. die örtliche Verwaltung wies ihnen einen Familiennamen zu. Vor dieser Reform existierten keine besonderen Familiennamen in der Türkei. Damaliger Präsident war Staatsgründer Kemal Atatürk.

A
Abacı = Textilhersteller oder -verkäufer
Acar = stark, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Açıkgöz = pfiffig, gerissen
Adanır = berühmt, großartig, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Ağaoğlu = Sohn des Ağa
Akay = weißer Mond, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Akbay = ein ehrlicher Reicher, auch männlicher Vorname
Akbulut = weiße Wolke, auch männlicher Vorname
Akça = weißlich, sehr weiß, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Akçay = weißer Fluss, auch männlicher Vorname
Akdoğan = der Gerfalke, auch männlicher Vorname
Akgül = weiße Rose, auch weiblicher Vorname
Akgün = Freudentag, auch männlicher Vorname
Akın = Flut, Schwall, Angriff, auch männlicher Vorname
Akkan = von untadeliger Herkunft, auch männlicher Vorname
Akman = schöner Mensch / alter Mensch, auch männlicher Vorname
Akpınar = reine Quelle, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Aktaş = weißer Stein, auch männlicher Vorname
Aktuna = eine stattliche, rechtschaffene Person, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Aktürk = heller Türke, auch männlicher Vorname
Akyel, auch männlicher Vorname
Akyol = weißer (richtiger) Weg, auch männlicher Vorname
Akyüz = eine aufrichtige Person, auch männlicher Vorname
Albayrak = die Flagge der Türkei, auch männlicher Vorname
Aldemir = Eisen im erhitzten Zustand, auch männlicher Vorname
Alemdar = Fahnenträger, auch männlicher Vorname
Alemdaroğlu = Sohn des Alemdar
Alev  = Flamme, auch weiblicher Vorname
Alican = erhabener Freund, auch männlicher Vorname
Alıcı = empfindsam, gefühlvoll, sensibel, auch männlicher Vorname
Alkan = blutrot, auch überwiegend männlicher Vorname
Alkım = Regenbogen, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Alpaslan = der heldenhafte Löwe, auch männlicher Vorname
Alper = ein tapferer Mann, auch männlicher Vorname
Altan = Gold, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Altay = Altai (Gebirge in Russland, China und der Mongolei), auch männlicher Vorname
Altınsoy = kostbar, wertvoll, auch männlicher Vorname
Altuğ = roter Stab, auch männlicher Vorname
Anlı = berühmt, bekannt, auch männlicher Vorname
Aras = auch männlicher Vorname
Arat = Mut, Kühnheit, auch männlicher Vorname
Arık = auch männlicher Vorname
Arıkan = reinen Blutes, auch männlicher Vorname
Arslan = der Löwe, auch männlicher Vorname; siehe auch Alp Arslan (Sultan der Groß-Seldschuken)
Aşkın = übersteigend, überragend, überlegen, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Aslan = der Löwe, auch männlicher Vorname
Aslanoğlu = Sohn des Aslan
Atakan = das Ahnenblut, auch männlicher Vorname
Ataman = (Stamm)Vater, Oberhaupt, Führer, auch männlicher Vorname
Atasoy = jemand mit edlen Vorfahren, auch männlicher Vorname
Ateş = Feuer, Eifer, auch männlicher Vorname
Atılgan = aktiv, kontaktfreudig, draufgängerisch, auch männlicher Vorname
Avcı = Jäger, auch männlicher Vorname
Ay = Mond
Aydın = licht, hell, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Aydoğan = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Aydoğdu = auch männlicher Vorname

B
Babacan = väterlich, freundlich, nett, sympathisch
Balcı = Honighändler, Imker
Baş = Kopf; Haupt, Oberhaupt
Başak = Ähre, (Tierkreiszeichen) Jungfrau, auch weiblicher Vorname
Başar = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Başer = eine sehr bedeutende, wichtige Person, auch männlicher Vorname
Başoğlu = Sohn des Baş
Baştürk = Führer/Chef/Kopf der Türken, auch männlicher Vorname
Baydar = einer der Kommandeure des alten türkischen Staates, auch männlicher Vorname
Bayrak = Fahne, (türkische) Flagge, auch männlicher Vorname
Bayraktar = Fahnenträger, auch männlicher Vorname
Bayram = das Fest, auch männlicher Vorname
Bayramoğlu = Sohn des Bayram
Bayülken = edel(mütig), hochgestellt, erhaben, auch männlicher Vorname
Bekiroğlu = Sohn des Bekir
Berk = kräftig, stark, auch männlicher Vorname
Bilge = weise, gelehrt, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Bilgiç = gelehrt, belesen (u. a.), auch männlicher Vorname
Bilgin = Gelehrter, Wissenschaftler, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Bilmen = gelehrt, belesen, auch männlicher Vorname
Birol = sei einzigartig, auch männlicher Vorname
Bostancı = Gärtner
Bozkurt = grauer Wolf
Bulut = Wolke, auch männlicher Vorname
Büyüktürk = großer Türke

C
Çakır = bläulich oder graublau, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Çakıroğlu = Sohn des Çakır
Çam = Kiefer; Föhre
Can = die Seele, das Leben, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Cansel = eine überschwängliche Person, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Çapar = auch männlicher Vorname
Çavuşoğlu = Sohn des Çavuş (Unteroffizier)
Çelik = Stahl, auch männlicher Vorname
Celil = groß, mächtig, erhaben, auch männlicher Vorname
Cengiz = Dschingis Khan, auch männlicher Vorname
Çetin = hart, auch männlicher Vorname
Çetinkaya = Çetin + Kaya, auch männlicher Vorname
Cevahir = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Ceylan = Gazelle, auch weiblicher Vorname
Çiçek = Blume, auch weiblicher Vorname
Çiftçi = Bauer, auch männlicher Vorname
Çil = Sommersprossen
Çınar = Platane, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Çoban = Hirt, Schäfer, auch männlicher Vorname
Çolak = Person mit verkrüppeltem Arm oder verkrüppelter Hand, auch männlicher Vorname
Coşkun = feurig, lebhaft; auch männlicher Vorname

D
Dağ = Berg, auch männlicher Vorname
Dede = Dede Korkut (die Figur des türkischen Erzählzyklus Dede Korkut)
Demir = Eisen, auch männlicher Vorname
Demirağ = kräftig, stark, auch männlicher Vorname
Demiray = kräftig, stark, mächtig, auch männlicher Vorname
Demirbaş = der Älteste, auch männlicher Vorname
Demircan = Demir + can, auch männlicher Vorname
Demirci = Schmied
Demirel = "Eisenhand", auch männlicher Vorname
Demirkan = Demir + kan, auch männlicher Vorname
Demirtaş = Demir + taş, auch männlicher Vorname
Deniz = das Meer, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Dilmen = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Dinçer = der kraftstrotzende Mann, auch männlicher Vorname
Doğan = Falke, auch männlicher Vorname

Doğu = Osten, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Doruk = Gipfel, Höhepunkt, auch männlicher Vorname
Duman = Nebel, Rauch, auch männlicher Vorname
Durmaz = abgeleitet von dem Verb durmak
Durmuş = stehengeblieben, auch männlicher Vorname
Dursun

E
Ece = Dame, auch weiblicher Vorname

Efendioğlu = Sohn des Efendi
Ekici = Pflanzer, Anbauer, Sämann
Ekin = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Ekinci = Bauer, Landwirt, auch männlicher Vorname
Ekşi = sauer
Elçi = Gesandter, Botschafter, auch männlicher Vorname
Elçin = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Eldem = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Elmas = Diamant, auch weiblicher Vorname
Eloğlu = Sohn des Fremden
Elvan = mehrfarbig, bunt, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
 Emir = Fürst
Emre = Kamerad (u. a.), auch männlicher Vorname
Engin = weit, endlos, grenzenlos ausgedehnt, auch männlicher und (selten) weiblicher Vorname
 Er = Mann, (einfacher) Soldat, auch Bestandteil männlicher Vornamen
Eralp = ein tapferer Mann, auch männlicher Vorname
Eraydın = ein gebildeter Mensch, auch männlicher Vorname
Erbakan = er ("Mann, Soldat") und bakan ("Minister")
Erbay = angesehen, reich, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Erbil = der Name eines Stammesvolkes aus Ostanatolien, auch männlicher Vorname
Ercan = der Mutige, auch männlicher Vorname
Erdal = der alleinige Mann, auch männlicher Vorname
Erdem = Anstand, Tugend, auch männlicher Vorname
Erden = unberührt, unbefleckt, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Erdil = beherzt, mutig, furchtlos, entschlossen, auch männlicher Vorname
Erdoğan = tapfer, mutig, beherzt, als Soldat (Kämpfer) geboren; auch männlicher Vorname
Eren = Held, auch männlicher Vorname
Ergun = schnell, rasch; flink, gewandt (u. a.), auch männlicher Vorname
Ergün = fügsam, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Erkan = Admiral, General, auch männlicher Vorname
Erkin = unabhängig, frei, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Erkmen = stark, kräftig, mächtig; eindrucksvoll, auch männlicher Vorname
Eroğlu = Sohn des Tapferen
Erol = sei ein Mann, auch männlicher Vorname
Erten = Wohlstand (u. a.), auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Ertuğrul = auch männlicher Vorname
Ertürk = ein tapferer Türke, auch männlicher Vorname
Eryılmaz = auch männlicher Vorname
Esen = gesund, wohlbehalten, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname

Eyüboğlu = Sohn des Eyüp

F
 Feyzioğlu = Sohn des Feyzi
 Fidan = Spross, Sprössling, auch weiblicher Vorname
 Fırat = der Fluss Euphrat, auch männlicher Vorname

G

Genç = jung, jugendlich, auch männlicher Vorname
Gençalp = ein junger Held, auch männlicher Vorname
Gencer = der junge Mann, auch männlicher Vorname
Gençerler = junge Männer / Soldaten
Gök = der Himmel, auch weiblicher Vorname
Gökay = Person mit blauen Augen, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Gökcan = der Blauäugige, auch männlicher Vorname
Gökçe = blau; angenehm, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Gökçen = schön, hübsch, angenehm, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Göker = der Blauäugige, auch männlicher Vorname
Gökhan = der Himmelsherrscher (Khan), auch männlicher Vorname
Göksel = himmlisch, "Himmelsflut", auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Göksu = blaues Wasser, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Göktan = die Zeit der Morgendämmerung, auch männlicher Vorname
Göktürk = himmlischer Türke, auch männlicher Vorname
Gönül = Herz (als Metapher), auch weiblicher Vorname
Güçlü = stark, kräftig, auch männlicher Vorname
Gül = Rose, auch weiblicher Vorname
Gülay = Rosenmond, auch weiblicher Vorname
Güler = glücklich, auch weiblicher Vorname

Günal = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Güner = Zeit der Morgendämmerung, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Güneş = Sonne, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Gürkan = lebendige, vollblütige Person, auch männlicher Vorname
Güven = Vertrauen; Mut, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Güzel = Schönheit, auch weiblicher Vorname

H
Heper = auch männlicher Vorname
Hulusi = aufrichtig, herzlich, auch männlicher Vorname
Hanım = weiblicher Vorname, bedeutet Frau

I
İnan = der Glaube, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
İnanç = Vertrauen, Glauben, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
İnce = schlank, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
İnci = Perle, auch weiblicher Vorname
İnönü
İpekçi = Seidenhändler, Seidenraupenzüchter, Seidenweber
İpekkaya = gebildet aus İpek und kaya

K

Kahraman = Held, auch männlicher Vorname
Kahveci = Kaffeehausbesitzer
Kaplan = Tiger, auch männlicher Vorname
Kara = schwarz, dunkel, auch männlicher Vorname
Karabulut = dunkle Wolke, auch männlicher Vorname
Karaca = Reh, auch weiblicher und männlicher Vorname
Karadeniz = Schwarzes Meer, auch männlicher Vorname
Karakaş = schwarze Augenbrauen, auch männlicher Vorname
Karakoç = dunkler junger Mann, auch männlicher Vorname
Karataş = schwarzer Stein, auch männlicher Vorname
Karausta = schwarzer/ dunkler Meister
Kasapoğlu = Sohn des Fleischers

Kaya = Fels, auch männlicher Vorname
Kayacan = stark wie ein Stein, auch männlicher Vorname
Kayalı = felsig
Kayhan = der starke und mächtige Herrscher, auch männlicher Vorname
Kaynak = Quelle, auch männlicher Vorname
Keser = türkisch "keser" = kommt vom Inf. kesmek = schneiden, Keser = Breit-, Querbeil, Krummhaue
Kılıç = das Schwert, auch männlicher Vorname
Kıraç = dünn, hager, mager, auch männlicher Vorname
Koç = der Widder, auch männlicher Vorname
Kocaoğlu = Sohn des Koca
Koçoğlu = Sohn des Koç
Korkmaz = der Furchtlose, auch männlicher Vorname
Koyuncu = Schafzüchter
Küçük = klein, (auch) jung
Kurt = Wolf

Kuzu = Lamm

L
Levent = stattliche, ansehnliche Person, auch männlicher Vorname

M
Melek = Engel, auch weiblicher Vorname
Memiş = auch männlicher Vorname
Meral = Rehkitz, auch weiblicher und männlicher Vorname
Mercan = Koralle, auch weiblicher Vorname
Mutlu = glücklich, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname

N
Noyan = Oberbefehlshaber, Führer, Herr, auch männlicher Vorname

O
Oğuz = rein und gut erschaffen, stabil, stark, auch männlicher Vorname
Okan = verständnisvoll, auch männlicher Vorname
Öksüz = Waise, verwaist, elternlos, allein
Oktay = ein Mann, der so stark wie ein Pfeil ist, auch männlicher Vorname
Okur = der Leser, die Leserin, auch männlicher Vorname
Okyar = rege; treuer Freund, auch männlicher Vorname
Ölmez = unsterblich, ewig, unvergänglich, unverweslich, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Ömür = das Leben, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Önal = der Vorgenommene, das Beispiel, Vorbild, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Onur = Ehre, Stolz, auch männlicher Vorname
Orhan = Stadtverwalter, Stadtrichter, auch männlicher Vorname
Örnek = Vorbild, Modell, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Oya = Häkelspitze, Zierspitze, auch weiblicher Vorname
Öymen = ein häuslicher Mensch, auch männlicher Vorname
Ozan = Dichter, Poet, auch männlicher Vorname
Özcan = ursprüngliche Seele, auch männlicher Vorname
Özdal = der Freie, der Unabhängige, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Özden, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Özdil = aufrichtig befreundet, auch männlicher Vorname
Özen = Sorgfalt, Pflege, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Özer = ein heldenmütiger und ehrlicher Mensch, auch männlicher Vorname
Özgür = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Özkan = edles Blut, auch männlicher Vorname
Özlü = echt; aufrichtig, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Özoğuz = ein wahrer Held, auch männlicher Vorname
Öztekin = ein Einzigartiger, auch männlicher Vorname
Öztürk = echter Türke/reiner Türke/Ur-Türke, auch männlicher Vorname

P
 Pamuk = Baumwolle, auch weiblicher Vorname

 Pınar = Quelle, auch weiblicher Vorname

S
Sağlam = gesund bzw. zuverlässig, auch männlicher Vorname
Şahin = Bussard, auch männlicher Vorname (seltener auch Şahan)
Şahinkaya = Bussardfelsen
Samet = der Unabhängige, auch männlicher Vorname
Sancar, auch Sançar = Sieger, auch männlicher Vorname
Sarı = gelb; blond
Sarıkaya = stark und blond, auch männlicher Vorname
Sarp = aufrecht, schwer zu überwinden
Sarper = der Starke, der Unüberwindbare, auch männlicher Vorname
Şaşmaz = unfehlbar, untrüglich
Sayar = auch weiblicher Vorname
Saygun = angesehen, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Sayın = geehrt, verehrt, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Seçkin = herausragend, vornehm, ausgezeichnet, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Selen = gute Nachricht; Reichtum, Überfluss, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Şen = fröhlich, heiter, lustig, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Şener = froher Mann, auch männlicher Vorname
Seyhan = die Flüsse, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Sezer = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Şimşek = Blitz, auch männlicher Vorname
Sinanoğlu = Sohn des Sinan
Sofuoğlu = Sohn des Frommen
Solak = Linkshänder
Sönmez = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Soylu = edel, adelig, erhaben, auch männlicher Vorname
Soysal = kultiviert, zivilisiert, auch männlicher Vorname
Sükan = kräftig, stark, mächtig; tapfer, auch männlicher Vorname
Süleymanoğlu = Sohn des Süleyman
Sümer = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname

T
Tamer = ein geachteter Mensch, auch männlicher Vorname
Taner = ein strahlender Held, auch männlicher Vorname
Tanrıkulu = Knecht Gottes, auch männlicher Vorname
Tarhan = auch männlicher Vorname (verschiedene Bedeutungen)
Taş = Stein
Taşdemir = ein steinharter und eiserner Mensch, auch männlicher Vorname
Taşkın = überströmend, auch männlicher Vorname
Tekin = der Zuverlässige, auch männlicher Vorname
Temel = Grundlage, Fundament, auch männlicher Vorname
Tezcan = ungeduldig, aufgeregt, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Tezel = geschickt, gewandt, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Tınaz = Gras- bzw. Heu- oder Strohhaufen, auch männlicher Vorname
Tok = satt, auch männlicher Vorname
Toksöz = Tok + söz
Topaloğlu = Sohn des Topal
Topçu = Artillerist
Toprak = Erdboden, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Toptaş = Top + taş
Topuz = Türklopfer, Keule, auch männlicher Vorname
Tosun = gesund, stämmig, auch männlicher Vorname
Tufan = Sintflut, auch männlicher Vorname
Tuna = prachtvoll, stattlich; Donau; auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Tunç = Bronze, auch männlicher Vorname
Türel = das Recht (Gesetz) betreffend, auch männlicher Vorname
Turgut = Gebäude oder Ort, an dem man wohnt, auch männlicher Vorname
Türkan = Königin; schönes Mädchen, auch weiblicher Vorname
Türkoğlu = Sohn des Türken

U
Uğur = Glück, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Uluç = geachtet, angesehen, auch männlicher Vorname
Ulusoy = von untadeliger Abstammung, auch männlicher Vorname
Umut = Wunsch, Hoffnung, auch (meist männlicher) Vorname
Ünal = werde berühmt, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Üner = eine bekannte, anerkannte Person, auch männlicher Vorname
Ünlü = berühmt, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Ünsal = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Ünver = auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Ural = auch männlicher Vorname
Uraz = Schicksal, Chance, Glück, auch männlicher Vorname
Uslu = vernünftig, artig, brav, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Usta = Meister/meisterhaft, auch männlicher Vorname
Uygun = passend, geeignet, auch männlicher Vorname
Uygur = kultiviert, zivilisiert, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Uysal = friedlich, sanftmütig, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Uzun = groß, lang
Uzunoğlu = Sohn des großen (Mannes)

V
Varol = zu leben beginnen, auch männlicher Vorname
Vural = schlag und nimm, auch männlicher Vorname

Y
Yalçınkaya = steiler Felsen
Yaman = fabelhaft, wunderbar, auch männlicher Vorname
Yanar = brennend, auch männlicher Vorname
Yazıcı = Schreiber bzw. Drucker
Yazıcıoğlu = Sohn des Yazıcı
Yelken = Segel
Yeşilçay = Grünes Flüsschen / grüner Tee
Yiğit = Stärke, Held, auch männlicher Vorname
Yıldırım = Blitz; Beiname von Sultan Bayezid I., auch männlicher Vorname
Yıldız = Stern, auch weiblicher Vorname
Yılmaz = unerschrocken, furchtlos, unbeugsam, auch männlicher Vorname
Yılmazer = unerschrockener, furchtloser Kämpfer
Yolcu = Reisender, Passagier, auch männlicher Vorname
Yörük = Nomade, auch männlicher Vorname
Yüce = hoch, erhaben, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Yüksel = Steigerung, auch männlicher und weiblicher Vorname
Yusufoğlu = Sohn des Yusuf (Josef)

Z
 Zafer = Sieg, auch männlicher Vorname
 Zengin = reich, reichhaltig, auch männlicher Vorname

Weblinks
 Namenwörterbuch der türkischen Sprache

Einzelnachweise

Turkisch

Türkische Familiennamen


Mehanizacija (prema grč. μηχανή: stroj) je zamjena ljudskog rada strojevima i uređajima radi ubrzanja, poboljšanja, povećanja i pojeftinjenja proizvodnje te olakšanja rada (na primjer mehanizacija industrije, mehanizacija ljevaonica). Mehanizacija su također i sami strojevi koji se pritom koriste (poljoprivredna mehanizacija, građevinska mehanizacija). Mehanizacija je osnovna pretpostavka za industrijsku proizvodnju, a provodi se i u poljoprivredi (poljoprivredni strojevi), šumarstvu (šumski strojevi), građevinarstvu (građevinski strojevi), rudarstvu (rudarski strojevi) i drugom. U današnje doba, mehanizacija zajedno s automatizacijom čini nedjeljivu cjelinu. Mehanizacija je posebno važna i u vojništvu, a obično se kao pojam veže uz mehanizirane postrojbe.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Industrija

Mehanizacija


Dwight David Howard II (born December 8, 1985) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Taoyuan Leopards of the T1 League. He began his career in the National Basketball Association (NBA), where he was an NBA champion, eight-time All-Star, eight-time All-NBA Team honoree, five-time All-Defensive Team member, and three-time Defensive Player of the Year.

Howard, who plays center, spent his high school career at Southwest Atlanta Christian Academy. He chose to forgo college, entered the 2004 NBA draft, and was selected first overall by the Orlando Magic. Howard set numerous franchise and league records with the Magic. He led the team to the 2009 NBA Finals.

In 2012, after eight seasons with Orlando, Howard was traded to the Los Angeles Lakers, with whom he spent three separate one year-stints over the course of his career, winning the NBA Finals in 2020. He has also played for the Houston Rockets, the Atlanta Hawks, the Charlotte Hornets, the Washington Wizards, and the Philadelphia 76ers.

After playing with the Lakers in 2021–22, Howard moved overseas and signed with the Taiwanese-based Leopards. In his first season with the team, he was named a T1 All-Star.

Early life
Howard was born in Atlanta, to Dwight Sr. and Sheryl Howard, a family with strong athletic connections. His father is a Georgia State Trooper and is the athletic director at Southwest Atlanta Christian Academy, a private academy with one of the country's best high school basketball programs; his mother played on the inaugural women's basketball team at Morris Brown College. Howard's mother had seven miscarriages before he was born. A devout Christian since his youth, Howard became serious about basketball around the age of nine. Despite his large frame, Howard was quick and versatile enough to play the guard position. He attended Southwest Atlanta Christian Academy and played mostly as power forward, averaging 16.6 points, 13.4 rebounds and 6.3 blocks per game in 129 appearances. As a senior, Howard led his team to a 31–2 record and the 2004 state title, while averaging 25 points, 18 rebounds, 8.1 blocks and 3.5 assists per game. The same year, he was widely recognized as the best American high school basketball player, and received the Naismith Prep Player of the Year Award, the Morgan Wootten High School Player of the Year Award, Gatorade National Player of the Year and the McDonald's National High School Player of the Year honor. He was also co-MVP (with J. R. Smith) of the McDonald's All-American Game that year. On January 31, 2012, Howard was honored as one of the 35 greatest McDonald's All-Americans.

Professional career

Orlando Magic (2004–2012)

Early years (2004–2008)
Following his high school successes, Howard chose to forego college and declared for the 2004 NBA draft—a decision partly inspired by his idol Kevin Garnett who had done the same in 1995—where the Orlando Magic selected him first overall over UConn junior Emeka Okafor. He took the number 12 for his jersey, in part because it was the reverse of Garnett's 21 when he played for Minnesota. Howard joined a depleted Magic squad that had finished with only 21 victories the previous season; further, the club had just lost perennial NBA All-Star Tracy McGrady. Howard, however, made an immediate impact. He finished his rookie season with an average of 12 points and 10 rebounds, setting several NBA records in the process. He became the youngest player in NBA history to average a double double in the regular season. He also became the youngest player in NBA history to average at least 10 rebounds in a season and youngest NBA player ever to record at least 20 rebounds in a game. Howard's importance to the Magic was highlighted when he became the first player in NBA history directly out of high school to start all 82 games during his rookie season. For his efforts, he was selected to play in the 2005 NBA Rookie Challenge, and was unanimously selected to the All-Rookie Team. He also finished third in the Rookie of the Year voting.

Howard reported to camp for his second NBA season having added 20 pounds of muscle during the off-season. Orlando coach Brian Hill—responsible for grooming former Magic superstar Shaquille O'Neal—decided that Howard should be converted into a full-fledged center. Hill identified two areas where Howard needed to improve: his post-up game and his defense. He exerted extra pressure on Howard, saying that the Magic would need him to emerge as a force in the middle before the team had a chance at the playoffs. On November 15, 2005, in a home game against the Charlotte Bobcats, Howard recorded 21 points and 20 rebounds, becoming the youngest player ever to score 20 or more points and gather 20 or more rebounds in the same game. He was selected to play on the Sophomore Team in the 2006 Rookie Challenge during the All-Star break. Overall, he averaged 15.8 points and 12.5 rebounds per game, ranking second in the NBA in rebounds per game, offensive rebounds, and double-doubles and sixth in field goal percentage. Despite Howard's improvement, the Magic finished the season with a 36–46 record and failed to qualify for the playoffs for the second consecutive season since Howard's arrival.

In the 2006–07 season (and for the third consecutive season), Howard played in all 82 regular-season games. On February 1, 2007, he received his first NBA All-Star selection as a reserve on the Eastern Conference squad for the 2007 NBA All-Star Game. On February 9, he made a game-winning alley-oop off an inbound pass at the buzzer against the San Antonio Spurs. Howard set a new career high with 35 points against the Philadelphia 76ers on April 14. Under his leadership, the Magic qualified for the 2007 NBA Playoffs as the eighth seed in the Eastern Conference. There, the Magic were swept by the Detroit Pistons in the first round. For the season, Howard averaged 17.6 points and 12.3 rebounds per game, finishing first in the NBA in total rebounds, second in field goal percentage, and ninth in blocks. He was named to the All-NBA Third Team at the end of the 2006–07 campaign.

Howard continued posting impressive numbers in the 2007–08 season and helped the Magic have their best season to date. Howard was named as a starter for the Eastern Conference All-Star team. On February 16, 2008, he won the NBA Slam Dunk Contest by receiving 78% of the fan's votes via text messaging or online voting; in that contest, he performed a series of innovative dunks said to have rejuvenated the contest, including donning a Superman cape for one of the dunks. Howard led the Magic to their first division title in 12 years and to the third seed for the 2008 NBA Playoffs. In their first round match-up against the Toronto Raptors, Howard's dominance (three 20-point/20-rebound games) helped Orlando to prevail in five games. Howard's series total of 91 rebounds was also greater than the total rebounds collected by the entire Toronto frontcourt. In the second round against the Pistons, the Magic lost in five games. For the season, Howard was named to the All-NBA First Team for the first time, and was also named to the NBA All-Defensive Second Team.

Dominance and NBA Finals appearance (2008–2011)

The 2008–09 season began well for Howard. Ten games into the season, the center was leading the league in blocks per game (4.2). In December, Howard injured his left knee, which caused him to miss a game due to injury for the first time in his NBA career; previously, he had played in 351 consecutive games. He garnered a record 3.1 million votes to earn the starting berth on the Eastern Conference team for the 2009 NBA All-Star Game. Howard led Orlando to its second straight Southeast Division title and to the third seed for the 2009 NBA Playoffs; the team finished the season with a 59–23 record. In the first round of the playoffs against the 76ers, Howard recorded 24 points and 24 rebounds in Game 5 to give Orlando a 3–2 lead before the Magic closed out the series in six games. In the second round against the Boston Celtics, after the Magic blew a lead in Game 5 to fall behind 3–2 in the series, Howard publicly stated that he should have been given the ball more and questioned coach Stan Van Gundy's tactics. The Magic went on to defeat Boston to win the series and move on to the Eastern Conference Finals. There they, defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers 4–2. Howard had a playoff career-high 40 points to go with his 14 rebounds in the deciding Game 6, leading Orlando to the NBA Finals for the first time in 14 years. In the NBA Finals, the Los Angeles Lakers took the first two home games, before a home win by the Magic brought the deficit to 2–1. In Game 4, despite Howard putting up 21 rebounds and a Finals record of 9 blocks in a game, the Magic lost in overtime. The Lakers went on to clinch the series with a win in Game 5. For the season, Howard became the youngest player ever to win the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. He was also named to the NBA All-Defensive First Team, and to the All-NBA First Team.

In the 2009–10 season, the Magic got off to a strong start, winning 17 of their first 21 games and setting a franchise record. On January 21, 2010, Howard was named as the starting center for the East in the 2010 NBA All-Star Game. The Magic completed the regular season with 59 wins and their third consecutive division title. The Magic's playoff run resulted another Eastern Conference Finals appearance, where they lost in six games to the Celtics. Howard won the Defensive Player of the Year Award for the second straight year. He became the first player in NBA history to lead the league in blocks and rebounds in the same season twice—and for two years in a row.

In the 2010–11 season, Howard posted career highs in points and field goal percentage. He became the first player in league history to win Defensive Player of the Year honors for three consecutive seasons. Howard led the league in double-doubles and also averaged 14.1 rebounds, 2.3 blocks and a career-high 1.3 steals this season. He led the Magic to 52 wins, as they finished as the fourth seed in the Eastern Conference. They went on to lose to the Atlanta Hawks in the first round of 2011 NBA Playoffs. He had a playoff career-high 46 points and 19 rebounds in Orlando's 103–93 loss to Atlanta in Game 1. Howard led the NBA in technical fouls with 18 in the regular season, and received one-game suspensions after his 16th and 18th technicals.

Final season in Orlando (2011–2012)
Due to a lockout, the 2011–12 regular season was shortened to 66 games. Not long after the lockout ended, Howard, who was eligible to become a free agent at the end of the season, demanded a trade to the New Jersey Nets, Los Angeles Lakers or Dallas Mavericks. Howard stated that although his preference was to remain in Orlando, he did not feel the Magic organization was doing enough to build a championship contender. He would later meet with Magic officials and agree to back off his trade demands, but stated that he also felt the team needed to make changes to the roster if they wanted to contend for a championship.

On January 12, 2012, Howard attempted an NBA regular season record 39 free throws against the Golden State Warriors. Howard entered the game making 42 percent of his free throws for the season and just below 60 percent for his career. The Warriors hacked Howard intentionally throughout the game, and he broke Wilt Chamberlain's regular-season record of 34 set in 1962. Howard made 21 of the 39 attempts, finishing with 45 points and 23 rebounds in the Magic's 117–109 victory. On January 24, 2012, Howard became the Magic's all-time scoring leader.

On March 15, 2012, on the day of the trading deadline for the 2011–12 NBA season, Howard waived his right to opt out of his contract at the end of the season and committed to stay with the Magic through the 2012–13 season. He had previously asked to be traded to the New Jersey Nets. Had he not signed the amendment, the Magic were prepared to trade him to avoid losing him as a free agent. On April 5, Van Gundy said that he had been informed by management that Howard wanted him fired. During the interview, the center walked up and hugged his coach, unaware that Van Gundy had confirmed a report that Howard denied. Van Gundy was let go after the season.

On April 19, 2012, Howard's agent said that Howard would undergo surgery to repair a herniated disk in his back and would miss the rest of the 2011–12 season, as well as the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. During the offseason, Howard again requested a trade to the Nets, who had relocated to Brooklyn. He intended to become a free agent at the end of the 2012–13 season if he was not traded to Brooklyn.

Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)

On August 10, 2012, Howard was traded from Orlando to the Los Angeles Lakers in a deal that also involved the Philadelphia 76ers and the Denver Nuggets. Howard took six months off from basketball after his April back surgery, and only had the combined four weeks of training camp and preseason to prepare for the season. Still working himself into shape, Howard paced himself throughout the season on both offense and defense. On January 4, 2013, Howard injured his right shoulder in the second half of the Lakers' 107–102 loss to the Los Angeles Clippers. At the midpoint of the season, the Lakers were a disappointing 17–24. Howard was averaging 17.1 points on 58.2% shooting, 12.3 rebounds, and 2.5 blocks, but also 3.6 fouls a game with 3.2 turnovers while making only 50.4% of his free throws.

Howard was upset that he was not getting the ball enough, and he felt that Kobe Bryant was shooting too much. Moving forward, Howard said he needed to "bring it" and dominate in more ways than just scoring. Howard missed games due to his recurring shoulder injury in January and February. In February, Bryant said that Howard "worries too much" and "doesn't want to let anyone down", urging him to play through the pain when Pau Gasol was sidelined with a torn plantar fascia. Howard returned the next game after commenting that Bryant was "not a doctor, I'm not a doctor. That's his opinion."

During the All-Star break, Howard adopted a healthier diet to get into better shape to anchor the Lakers' defense and run head coach Mike D'Antoni's preferred pick and rolls. Still, on February 23, Howard said he was "not even close" to physically being where he wanted to be. Coach Mike D'Antoni attributed Howard's difficulty running the pick-and-roll—a play the coach had expected would be a staple for the team—with Steve Nash to Howard's lack of conditioning. The Lakers were 8–2 after the All-Star break, passing Utah for the eighth and final playoff spot in the Western Conference, and Howard averaged 15.5 points, 14.8 rebounds, and 2.6 blocks. In his first game back in Orlando on March 12, Howard scored a season-high 39 points and had 16 rebounds in a 106–97 Lakers win. Booed throughout the game, he made 25 of 39 free throws, setting franchise records for free throws made and attempted while tying his own NBA record for attempts. Howard made 16 of 20 free throws when he was fouled intentionally by the Magic. With Howard anchoring the Lakers defense and his improved overall play, the Lakers made the playoffs, but were swept in the opening round by San Antonio. Howard was ejected in Game 4 with over nine minutes left in the third quarter.

Howard finished the season with his lowest scoring average since his second year in the NBA, but he was the league leader in rebounding and ranked second in field goal percentage. Although he was recovering from his back surgery, he only missed six games all season—all due to his torn labrum. Howard was named to the All-NBA Third Team after having received five consecutive first-team honors. He became a free agent in the summer, and he was offered a maximum contract of five years and $118 million by the Lakers.

Houston Rockets (2013–2016)

On July 13, 2013, Howard signed with the Houston Rockets, joining James Harden to form a formidable duo. Howard finished the regular season with averages of 18.3 points and 12.2 rebounds and earned All-NBA Second Team honors. During the 2014 playoffs, Howard averaged 26 points and 13.7 rebounds per game, but the Rockets were eliminated by the Portland Trail Blazers in the first round, losing the series 4–2.

After playing in the Rockets' first 10 out of 11 games to start the 2014–15 season, Howard missed 11 straight due to a strained right knee before returning to action on December 13 against the Denver Nuggets and recording his 10,000th career rebound. However, on January 31, Howard was ruled out for a further month due to persistent trouble with his right knee. After setbacks forced him out for a further month and a total of 26 games, Howard returned to action on March 25 against the New Orleans Pelicans. He started the game but was held under 17 minutes by coach Kevin McHale and finished with just four points and seven rebounds in a 95–93 win. Howard played only 41 games in the regular season. The Rockets clinched their first division title in over 20 years and made it to the Western Conference Finals, where they lost 4–1 to the Golden State Warriors.

On November 4, 2015, Howard had 23 points and 14 rebounds against the Orlando Magic. He shot 10-of-10 to become the first Rocket to make 10 or more field goals without a miss since Yao Ming went 12-of-12 in 2009. On December 26, he eclipsed 15,000 points for his career in a loss to the New Orleans Pelicans. On January 18, 2016, in an overtime loss to the Los Angeles Clippers, Howard had 36 points and tied a career high with 26 rebounds en route to his 10th straight double-double, the league's longest active streak at the time, and his longest since a 14-game run in 2012–13. On June 22, 2016, Howard declined his $23 million player option for the 2016–17 season and became an unrestricted free agent.

Atlanta Hawks (2016–2017)

On July 12, 2016, Howard signed a three-year, $70 million contract with his hometown team the Atlanta Hawks. With the retirement of Tim Duncan, Howard entered the 2016–17 season as the NBA's active leader in rebounds (12,089) and blocked shots (1,916). In his debut for the Hawks in their season opener on October 27, Howard grabbed 19 rebounds in a 114–99 win over the Washington Wizards. It was the most rebounds for anyone in their Atlanta debut, breaking the mark of 18 that Shareef Abdur-Rahim set on October 30, 2001. On November 2, he scored a season-high 31 points in a 123–116 loss to the Los Angeles Lakers. On February 2, he had a season-best game with 24 points and 23 rebounds in a 113–108 win over the Rockets in Houston.

Charlotte Hornets (2017–2018)
On June 20, 2017, the Hawks traded Howard, along with the 31st overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft, to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for Marco Belinelli, Miles Plumlee and the 41st overall pick in the 2017 NBA draft. To begin the season, Howard became the first Charlotte player since Emeka Okafor in 2007 with four consecutive 15-rebound games. In the fifth game of the season, he had another 15-rebound game. On March 15, he scored 20 of his season-high 33 points in the second half of the Hornets' 129–117 win over the Atlanta Hawks. On March 21, Howard recorded 32 points and a franchise-record 30 rebounds in a 111–105 win over the Nets, becoming just the eighth player in league history with a 30–30 game. He became the first NBA player with a 30-point, 30-rebound game since Kevin Love in November 2010, and the first player with a 30–30 game against the Nets since Kareem Abdul-Jabbar in February 1978. The next day, Howard was suspended for one game without pay due to receiving his 16th technical foul of the season. Howard finished the season with a franchise-record 53 double-doubles and joined Abdul-Jabbar and Wilt Chamberlain as the only players to hold single-season records with two teams. Howard also became one of six players to average a double-double in each of his first 13 seasons in the league.

On July 6, 2018, Howard was traded to the Brooklyn Nets in exchange for Timofey Mozgov, the draft rights to Hamidou Diallo, a 2021 second-round draft pick and cash considerations. He was waived by the Nets immediately upon being acquired.

Washington Wizards (2018–2019)

On July 12, 2018, Howard signed with the Washington Wizards. He missed all of training camp, every exhibition game and the first seven regular-season games with a sore backside. He appeared in nine games in November before missing the rest of the season after undergoing spinal surgery to relieve pain in his glutes. In March 2019, it was revealed that Howard, in addition to his back injury, was also dealing with a hamstring issue. On April 18, 2019, Howard exercised his $5.6 million player option to play a second season with the Wizards.

On July 6, 2019, Howard was traded to the Memphis Grizzlies for forward C. J. Miles. On August 24, 2019, Howard was waived by the Grizzlies.

Second stint with the Lakers (2019–2020)
On August 26, 2019, Howard signed a $2.6 million veteran's minimum contract with the Los Angeles Lakers, reuniting him with his former team. He was replacing DeMarcus Cousins, a free agent signed earlier in the offseason who was lost for the year after suffering a knee injury. To assure the team that he would accept any role the team asked, Howard offered to sign a non-guaranteed contract, freeing the Lakers to cut him at any time.

During the season, the Lakers split time fairly evenly between him and starting center JaVale McGee. On January 13, 2020, Howard scored a season-high 21 points on a 9-of-11 shooting and got a season-high 15 rebounds. In Game 4 of the Western Conference finals against the Denver Nuggets, Lakers coach Frank Vogel started Howard to match up against the Nuggets' Nikola Jokić. Howard had 12 points and 11 rebounds in 23 minutes to help the Lakers win and take a 3–1 lead in the series. He had started twice during the regular season, but this was his first start by coach's decision when McGee was available. The Lakers advanced to the NBA Finals, winning the series 4–2 over the Miami Heat and giving Howard his first NBA championship.

Philadelphia 76ers (2020–2021)
On November 21, 2020, the Philadelphia 76ers signed Howard to a one-year deal worth $2,564,753. With the 76ers he averaged 7 points and 8.4 rebounds. Howard played 69 games with the Sixers with six starts in 17.3 minutes. He was suspended for one game after getting into a scuffle with Udonis Haslem where both were assessed technical fouls and Haslem was ejected. Howard was suspended because he incurred his 16th technical foul of the year. Despite winning the Atlantic division and the Eastern Conference regular season, in the Conference Semifinals against the Atlanta Hawks, the 76ers would lose in seven games which included a squandered 26-point lead in Game 5.

Third stint with the Lakers (2021–2022)
Howard signed a $2.6 million veteran's minimum contract with the Los Angeles Lakers on August 6, 2021. He averaged 6.2 points and 5.9 rebounds playing 60 games, starting 27 for the injury-ridden Anthony Davis. Despite one of the strongest rosters in the league, the Lakers, viewed by many as the premier championship contender, failed to make the playoffs, which was widely regarded by experts to be one of the greatest underachievements in NBA history.

Taoyuan Leopards (2022–2023)

On November 7, 2022, Howard signed with the Taoyuan Leopards of the T1 League in Taiwan. While the league usually caps the salary of foreign players to US$200,000, it approved an exception for Howard, who will receive over $1 million. The league argued that Howard will raise the level of competition and boost the audience's interest. On November 19, Howard made his Leopards debut, putting up 38 points, 25 rebounds, 9 assists, and 4 blocks in a 120–115 win over New Taipei CTBC DEA. However, just one day later, after playing his first two games back-to-back and nearly averaging a triple-double, Howard was sidelined with a knee injury until mid-December. Howard attributed this to playing over 90 minutes within 26 hours, which he was no longer used to. His knee injury resurfaced after playing another string of back-to-back games from December 16 to 17, causing him to sit out another two weeks and it was decided that in the future, Howard would mostly be used in home games to not further aggravate the injury.

In February 2023, Howard was named an All-Star for the T1 League as well as the All-Star Game Most Famous Player, and was also selected to participate in the Three-Point Contest. He scored 37 points and was named All-Star game MVP. He was the league's rebounds leader for the 2022–23 season. On May 10, 2023, Howard was selected to the T1 League All-Defensive First Team in 2022–23 season. The next day, Howard was selected to the all-T1 League first team, and was awarded the Most Valuable Import of the T1 League for the 2022–23 season a day after that.

National team career

On March 5, 2006, Howard was named to the 2006–2008 USA Basketball Men's Senior National Team program. As the team's regular starting center, he helped lead the team to a 5–0 record during its pre-World Championship tour, and subsequently helped the team win the bronze medal at the 2006 FIBA World Championship. During the FIBA Americas Championship 2007, Howard was on the team which won its first nine games en route to qualifying for the finals and a spot for the 2008 Olympics. He started in eight of those nine games, averaging 8.9 ppg, 5.3 rpg and led the team in shooting .778 from the field. In the finals, he made all seven of his shots and scored 20 points as the USA defeated Argentina to win the gold medal.

On June 23, 2008, Howard was named as one of the members of the 12-man squad representing the United States in the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. With Howard starting as center, Team USA won all of its games en route to the gold medal, restarting a streak of gold medals interrupted at the 2004 Olympics. Howard averaged 10.9 points and 5.8 rebounds per game in the tournament.

Player profile
Standing  and weighing , Howard plays the center position. He led the NBA in rebounding from 2007 to 2010, and again from 2012 to 2013. Howard's rebounding is in part facilitated by his extraordinary athleticism; his running vertical leap was tested at  in 2011, rare for a player of his size. He demonstrated this skill in the 2007 Slam Dunk Contest, where he completed an alley oop dunk from teammate Jameer Nelson while slapping a sticker onto the backboard at  high. The sticker showed an image of his own smiling face with a handwritten "All things through Christ Phil: 4:13", a paraphrase of .

Howard's abilities and powerful physique have drawn attention from fellow NBA All-Stars. Tim Duncan remarked in 2007, "[Howard] is so developed... He has so much promise and I am glad that I will be out of the league when he is peaking." Kevin Garnett echoed those sentiments: "[Howard] is a freak of nature, man... I was nowhere near that physically talented. I wasn't that gifted, as far as body and physical presence." After a game in the 2009 NBA Playoffs, Philadelphia 76ers swingman Andre Iguodala said: "It's like he can guard two guys at once. He can guard his guy and the guy coming off the pick-and-roll, which is almost impossible to do... If he gets any more athletic or jumps any higher, they're going to have to change the rules." In December 2007, ESPN writer David Thorpe declared Howard the most dominant center in the NBA. Early in his career, many sports pundits rated Howard one of the top young prospects in the NBA.

Howard has a reputation as a negative locker room presence. In a 2013 interview, he called his former Orlando Magic teammates a "team full of people no one wanted". In a 2013 article titled "Is Dwight Howard the NBA's Worst Teammate?", Bleacher Report asserted that Howard had "extinguished all bridges with the franchise where he spent his first eight NBA seasons". Howard did not get along with Kobe Bryant when he first played for the Lakers and did not get along with James Harden when he played for the Rockets. When he was traded from the Atlanta Hawks to the Charlotte Hornets, some of his Hawks teammates reportedly cheered. After Charlotte traded Howard to the Washington Wizards, Charlotte player Brendan Haywood asserted that Howard's teammates were "sick and tired of his act". In 2018, NBC News reported that "Howard's time with the Magic, Lakers and Rockets devolved into interpersonal strife well before he left those teams". Also in 2018, The Ringer published a piece titled "Everybody (Still) Hates Dwight" in which it called Howard "almost certainly the least popular player in the NBA". Before signing with the Lakers in 2019, Howard reportedly met with the team multiple times, "promising not to live up to his reputation as a difficult teammate who disrupts locker rooms"; the team warned him that he would be released if he became a disruptive presence.

NBA career statistics

Regular season

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| 82 || style="background:#cfecec;"|82* || 32.6 || .520 || .000 || .671 || 10.0 || .9 || .9 || 1.7 || 12.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| style="background:#cfecec;"|82* || 81 || 36.8 || .531 || .000 || .595 || 12.5 || 1.5 || .8 || 1.4 || 15.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| style="background:#cfecec;"|82* || style="background:#cfecec;"|82* || 36.9 || .603 || .500 || .586 || 12.3 || 1.9 || .9 || 1.9 || 17.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| style="background:#cfecec;"|82* || style="background:#cfecec;"|82* || 37.7 || .599 || .000 || .590 || style="background:#cfecec;"|14.2* || 1.3 || .9 || 2.1 || 20.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| 79 || 79 || 35.7 || .572 || .000 || .594 || style="background:#cfecec;"|13.8* || 1.4 || 1.0 || style="background:#cfecec;"|2.9* || 20.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| style="background:#cfecec;"|82* || style="background:#cfecec;"|82* || 34.7 || style="background:#cfecec;"|.612* || .000 || .592 || style="background:#cfecec;"|13.2* || 1.8 || .9 || style="background:#cfecec;"|2.8* || 18.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| 78 || 78 || 37.5 || .593 || .000 || .596 || 14.1 || 1.4 || 1.4 || 2.4 || 22.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| 54 || 54 || 38.3 || .573 || .000 || .491 || style="background:#cfecec;"|14.5* || 1.9 || 1.5 || 2.1 || 20.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Lakers
| 76 || 76 || 35.8 || .578 || .167 || .492 ||bgcolor="CFECEC"| 12.4* || 1.4 || 1.1 || 2.4 || 17.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Houston
| 71 || 71 || 33.7 || .591 || .286 || .547 || 12.2 || 1.8 || .8 || 1.8 || 18.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Houston
| 41 || 41 || 29.8 || .593 || .500 || .528 || 10.5 || 1.2 || .7 || 1.3 || 15.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Houston
| 71 || 71 || 32.1 || .620 || .000 || .489 || 11.8 || 1.4 || 1.0 || 1.6 || 13.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Atlanta
| 74|| 74 || 29.7 || .633 || .000 || .533 || 12.7 || 1.4 || .9 || 1.2 || 13.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 81 || 81 || 30.4 || .555 || .143 || .574 || 12.5 || 1.3 || .6 || 1.6 || 16.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Washington
| 9 || 9 || 25.6 || .623 ||  || .604 || 9.2 || .4 || .8 || .4 || 12.8
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Lakers
| 69 || 2 || 18.9 || .729 || .600 || .514 || 7.3 || .7 || .4 || 1.1 || 7.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Philadelphia
| 69 || 6 || 17.3 || .587 || .250 || .576 || 8.4 || .9 || .4 || .9 || 7.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Lakers
| 60 || 27 || 16.2 || .612 || .533 || .658 || 5.9 || .6 || .6 || .6 || 6.2
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 1,242 || 1,078 || 31.8 || .587 || .214 || .567 || 11.8 || 1.3 || .9 || 1.8 || 15.7
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|All-Star
| 8 || 6 || 23.3 || .642 || .154 || .450 || 8.8 || 1.5 || .6 || 1.1 || 12.1

Playoffs

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2007
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| 4 || 4 || 41.8 || .548 ||  || .455 || 14.8 || 1.8 || .5 || 1.0 || 15.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2008
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| 10 || 10 || 42.1 || .581 ||  || .542 || 15.8 || .9 || .8 || 3.4 || 18.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2009
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| 23 || 23 || 39.3 || .601 || .000 || .636 || 15.3 || 1.9 || .9 || 2.6 || 20.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2010
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| 14 || 14 || 35.5 || .614 ||  || .519 || 11.1 || 1.4 || .8 || 3.5|| 18.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2011
| style="text-align:left;"|Orlando
| 6 || 6 || 43.0 || .630 || .000 ||.682 || 15.5 || 0.5 || .7 || 1.8 || 27.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2013
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Lakers
| 4 || 4 || 31.5 || .619 ||  || .444 || 10.8 || 1.0 || .5 || 2.0 || 17.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2014
| style="text-align:left;"|Houston
| 6 || 6 || 38.5 || .547 ||  || .625 || 13.7 || 1.8 || .7 || 2.8 || 26.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2015
| style="text-align:left;"|Houston
| 17 || 17 || 33.8 || .577 ||  || .412 || 14.0 || 1.2 || 1.4 || 2.3 || 16.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2016
| style="text-align:left;"|Houston
| 5 || 5 || 36.0 || .542 || .000 || .368 || 14.0 || 1.6 || .8 || 1.4 || 13.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2017
| style="text-align:left;"|Atlanta
| 6 || 6 || 26.1 || .500 ||  || .632 || 10.7 || 1.3 || 1.0 || .8 || 8.0
|-
| style="text-align:left; background:#afe6ba;"|2020
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A. Lakers
| 18 || 7 || 15.7 || .684 || .500 || .556 || 4.6 || .5 || .4 || .4 || 5.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2021
| style="text-align:left;"|Philadelphia
| 12 || 0 || 12.4 || .533 || .000 || .600 || 6.3 || .7 || .2 || .5 || 4.7
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 125 || 102 || 31.6 || .589 || .143 || .548 || 11.8 || 1.2 || .8 || 2.0 || 15.3

Other media
Howard appeared as a special guest on an episode of the ABC series Extreme Makeover: Home Edition that aired April 2, 2006, in which Ty Pennington and his team built a new home and ministry offices for Sadie Holmes, who operates a social services ministry in the Orlando area.

Howard competed in season 6 of The Masked Singer as "Octopus". He was the first one to be eliminated during the two-night premiere alongside Vivica A. Fox as "Mother Nature" and Toni Braxton as "Pufferfish".

Starting with 2004's ESPN NBA 2K5, Howard appeared in every entry of the NBA 2K series of basketball simulation video games up until 2021's NBA 2K22, totaling 18 entries and covering his entire NBA career. Similarly, he appeared in every NBA Live entry from 2004's NBA Live 2005 onwards until the series was canceled in 2018 following NBA Live 19, totaling 11 games. Additionally, he was the cover athlete of NBA Live 09. Furthermore, he appeared in multiple spin-off titles for both series, such as NBA Street V3, NBA Street Homecourt, NBA Jam, NBA Elite 11, NBA Playgrounds, and NBA 2K Playgrounds 2.

In 2011, he played himself on an episode of The Suite Life On Deck alongside fellow NBA players Deron Williams and Kevin Love.

In 2023, he finished third on Special Forces: World's Toughest Test.

Personal life
Howard has five children by five women. In 2010, Howard won a defamation judgment against Royce Reed, the mother of his oldest child Braylon. A Florida judge ruled that she violated a court order prohibiting her from mentioning Howard in the media. He had initially sought about half a billion dollars in damages, claiming that she had disparaged him through Twitter and her appearances on the reality television show Basketball Wives, as the couple's paternity agreement stipulated a $500 fine for each time she mentioned him in public.

In October 2014, police in Cobb County, Georgia, investigated claims by Reed that Howard abused their son. Howard had admitted to hitting Braylon with a belt; he had been disciplined in the same manner while growing up, and he stated that he did not realize it was wrong to do so. Howard was not charged in connection with the allegations. Howard was also involved in a civil case with Reed over custody of their son.

Howard keeps approximately 20 snakes as pets and has appeared twice on Animal Planet's reality TV series Tanked. He owns a farm "in north Georgia where he relaxes [with] cows, hogs, turkeys and deer," and also grows vegetables on his estate in Suwanee, Georgia.

Melissa Rios, the mother of his son, David, died on March 27, 2020, following an epileptic seizure. David was with Howard at his home in Georgia at the time.

Philanthropy, faith, and public image
Before he was drafted in 2004, Howard said that he wanted to use his NBA career and Christian faith to "raise the name of God within the league and throughout the world". He has stated he believes in reaching out to his community and fans and thus contributes substantially in the field of philanthropy. Together with his parents, Howard established the Dwight D. Howard Foundation Inc. in 2004. In November 2009, the center was named one of the 10 finalists for the Jefferson Awards for Public Service, which awards athletes for their charitable work.

In 2014, Epix featured Howard as the focal point of a documentary about his life called In the Moment.

Assault and battery allegation
In July 2023, a man sued Howard for assault, battery, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and false imprisonment. The lawsuit stemmed from an encounter with the man at Howard's Georgia residence in July 2021. Howard denied the allegations and asked that the lawsuit be dismissed, stating that the two had engaged in "consensual sexual activity".

See also

 List of career achievements by Dwight Howard
 List of National Basketball Association career games played leaders
 List of National Basketball Association career rebounding leaders
 List of National Basketball Association career blocks leaders
 List of National Basketball Association career turnovers leaders
 List of National Basketball Association career free throw scoring leaders
 List of National Basketball Association career playoff blocks leaders
 List of National Basketball Association annual rebounding leaders
 List of National Basketball Association annual blocks leaders
 List of National Basketball Association players with most blocks in a game
 List of National Basketball Association players with most rebounds in a game
 List of National Basketball Association franchise career scoring leaders

Notes

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
2006 FIBA World Championship players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
African-American basketball players
African-American Christians
American men's basketball players
Atlanta Hawks players
Basketball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Basketball players from Atlanta
Centers (basketball)
Charlotte Hornets players
Houston Rockets players
Los Angeles Lakers players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
National Basketball Association All-Stars
National Basketball Association high school draftees
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in basketball
Orlando Magic draft picks
Orlando Magic players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Philadelphia 76ers players
Power forwards (basketball)
Taoyuan Leopards players
T1 League imports
United States men's national basketball team players
Washington Wizards players
20th-century African-American people
American expatriate basketball people in Taiwan
T1 League All-Stars
National Basketball Association first-overall draft picks

Dwight Howard


Casa din vis este un film românesc din 1992 regizat de Ioan Cărmăzan. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Gheorghe Dinică, Maia Morgenstern și Horațiu Mălăele.

Rezumat

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

 Gheorghe Dinică — Chivu Căpălău, țăran chiabur din satul Suligatu, urmașul unor hoți de cai, întemeietorul satului
 Maia Morgenstern — Vica, o femeie cu un copil luată de pe drumuri de Căpălău ca să-i fie nevastă lui Babalete
 Horațiu Mălăele — Niță zis "Babalete", fiul cel mare și încet la minte al lui Căpălău (menționat Horațiu Mălăiele)
 Sofia Vicoveanca — Nadoleanca, soția lui Căpălău, mama lui Babalete și Onică
 Dan Bădărău — Onică, fiul cel mic al lui Căpălău
 Florin Tănase — Biș, activist comunist local, primarul comunei
 Valentin Berea — Pavel, copilul lui Onică și al Vicăi, nepotul lui Chivu Căpălău
 Remus Mărgineanu — Mutu, o rudă îndepărtată a familiei Căpălău, barcagiul care poartă pe umeri o pereche de aripi
 Papil Panduru — Popa Răgălie, preot bețiv care a fost răspopit
 Magda Catone — Silica, verișoara Vicăi
 Ion Chelaru — Costel, muncitor pe un șantier din Brăila, soțul Silicăi
 Nicolae Praida — activistul comunist venit în sat pentru promovarea colectivizării
 Vitali Rusu
 Boris Bechet
 Ion Colan
 Coca Bloos — vrăjitoarea satului, care o sfătuiește pe Nadoleanca
 Valer Dellakeza — lăutar țigan (menționat Nicolae Delakeza)
 Ozana Oancea
 Liviu Timuș
 Geo Dobre
 Paul Chiribuță
 Florentina Tănase
 Marius Ionescu
 Domnița Constantiniu
 Leon Amorțitu
 Ion Popa
 Marius Toma
 Avram Birău
 Ion Merloiu
 Călin Ahil
 Nicolae Călugărița
 Violeta Berbiuc
 Alexandru Agarici

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 19.361 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1991 în film

Filme din 1992
Filme regizate de Ioan Cărmăzan
Filme românești
Filme în limba română

Casa din vis