The 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division was an infantry division of the British Army that served during the Second World War. It was raised on 2 September 1939, the day before war was declared, as part of the Territorial Army (TA) and served in the United Kingdom and later North-West Europe from June 1944 to May 1945.

Background
During the 1930s, tensions increased between Germany and the United Kingdom and its allies. In late 1937 and throughout 1938, German demands for the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia led to an international crisis. To avoid war, the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met with German Chancellor Adolf Hitler in September and brokered the Munich Agreement. The agreement averted a war and allowed Germany to annexe the Sudetenland. Although Chamberlain had intended the agreement to lead to further peaceful resolution of issues, relations between both countries soon deteriorated. On 15 March 1939, Germany breached the terms of the agreement by invading and occupying the remnants of the Czech state.

On 29 March, British Secretary of State for War Leslie Hore-Belisha announced plans to increase the part-time Territorial Army (TA) from 130,000 to 340,000 men and double the number of TA divisions. The plan was for existing TA divisions, referred to as the first-line, to recruit over their establishments (aided by an increase in pay for Territorials, the removal of restrictions on promotion which had hindered recruiting, construction of better-quality barracks and an increase in supper rations) and then form a new division, known as the second-line, from cadres around which the divisions could be expanded. This process was dubbed "duplicating". The 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division was to be a second-line unit, a duplicate of the first-line 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division. In April, limited conscription was introduced. This resulted in 34,500 twenty-year-old militiamen being conscripted into the regular army, initially to be trained for six months before deployment to the forming second-line units. It was envisioned that the duplicating process and recruiting the required numbers of men would take no more than six months. Some TA divisions had made little progress by the time the Second World War began in September; others were able to complete this work within a matter of weeks.

Home Service

Formation

The embryo of the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division was formed on 26 August 1939, administered by the 52nd Division, and became an independent formation on 2 September 1939. It took control of the 44th, the 45th and the 46th Infantry Brigades. Due to the lack of official guidance, the newly formed formations were at liberty to choose numbers, styles, and titles. The division adopted the number, title, and divisional insignia of their First World War counterpart, the 15th (Scottish) Division. The brigades did likewise. The divisional insignia, the letter 'O' (being the 15th letter of the alphabet), differed slightly from the original, by not including a triangle inside the circle.

On formation, the 44th (Lowland) Infantry Brigade consisted of the 8th Battalion, Royal Scots; the 6th Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers; and the 7th Battalion, King's Own Scottish Borderers. The 45th (Lowland) Infantry Brigade comprised the 6th Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers; and the 9th and the 10th Battalions, Cameronians (Scottish Rifles). The 46th (Highland) Infantry Brigade had the 10th and the 11th Battalions, Highland Light Infantry; and the 2nd Battalion, Glasgow Highlanders. The division was initially assigned to Scottish Command, and Major-General Roland Le Fanu became the general officer commanding. Le Fanu's prior experience included staff appointments, and he had fought in the 1937 Waziristan campaign. While primarily made up of Scots, recruits were posted to the division from across the United Kingdom, particularly England.

Home defence
The war deployment plan for the TA envisioned that its divisions would be deployed overseas, as equipment became available, to reinforce the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) that had already been dispatched to Europe. The TA would join regular army divisions in waves as its divisions completed their training, the final divisions deploying one year after the war began. However, during the opening months of the war, the division lacked the required equipment and personnel. September saw the division drained of manpower. Soldiers, aged 19, were reassigned to other formations; the Ministry of Labour allocated other men to essential industries; and medical standards weeded out those considered unfit. The division was initially scattered across southern Scotland without access to training facilities. On 30 September, after the requisition of civilian transport, the division moved to the Scottish Borders, south of Edinburgh, to start training.

In October 1939, the Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces, General Walter Kirke, was tasked with drawing up a plan, codenamed Julius Caesar, to defend the United Kingdom from a potential German invasion. The division's role in this was largely to defend the Edinburgh and Forth areas. It was not until December that the division moved to undertake this role, with the 44th Brigade positioned astride the Firth of Forth. The rest of the division was based around Glasgow, on either side of the Firth of Clyde. On paper, an infantry division was to have seventy-two modern 25-pounder field guns. By November, the divisional artillery comprised just eight First World War-vintage  howitzers. By January, this had increased to sixteen  howitzers, in addition to eight First World War-era 18-pounder field guns.

In April 1940, the division marched back to the Borders, and used the move as a training exercise. Elements of the division were then used to provide logistical support for units en route to fight in the Norwegian Campaign. On 9 April, following the start of the campaign, the second-line infantry divisions were requested to each form an independent infantry company of 289 volunteers, who would be deployed to Norway. The 15th Division formed No. 10 Independent Company, but it was not deployed. When the campaign ended in failure, the division was ordered to move south into England to make room for the returning troops. This move promoted Kirke to complain that the division was being moved against his wishes, despite the defensive role assigned to it for southern Scotland. The move took the division to Wiltshire, with the intent to intensively prepare for its deployment to France. Following the German invasion of France and the Low Countries, the English east coast was seen as the area most under threat from German invasion. The division then moved to Essex to defend the coast from Harwich, in the north, to Southend-on-Sea, in the south. To prevent a German invasion, including potential tank attacks, the divisional artillery now comprised twelve  howitzers, six 18-pounder field guns, and four Ordnance QF 2-pounder anti-tank guns (compared to an establishment of 48). This was roughly on par with the other eight divisions that had been assigned to defend the coast, although the 15th was one of only two that included anti-tank guns. Additional equipment included 47 Boys anti-tank rifles (against an establishment of 361), 63 Universal Carriers (establishment of 140), and 590 Bren light machine guns (establishment of 644). The division co-operated with the forming Local Defence Volunteers, laid landmines, and erected anti-invasion obstacles within its operating area.

On 9 July, George VI inspected elements of the division at Colchester. The next month, on 2 August, Lieutenant-General Alan Brooke, now Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces, visited the division. Brooke recorded in his diary "Do not think much of [Le Fanu], and doubtful whether he is good enough." Regarding the division's rank and file, he wrote they were "good but [require] a great deal more training." On 23 August, Le Fanu was replaced by Major-General Robert Cotton Money. On 31 October, George VI visited the divisional headquarters, and provided authorization for the lion rampant, from Royal Arms of Scotland, to be added within the 'O' of the divisional insignia. The division remained on the coast, and trained through to the end of the year.

On 30 January 1941, Major-General Oliver Leese took command of the division. Later in the month, the division moved northeast to Suffolk, in East Anglia. The division maintained a coastal defence role, with the 44th Brigade based at Lowestoft, the 45th Brigade situated between Dunwich and Aldeburgh, and the 46th Brigade between Orford and Felixstowe. This left a gap between the 44th and the 45th Brigades, which was filled by the 37th Independent Infantry Brigade. This brigade reported directly to XI Corps, and was not part of the division. On 17 June 1941, Major-General Philip Christison replaced Leese. By September, the division's artillery regiments had all been outfitted with a full complement of 25-pounder field guns.

Divisional changes

Due to the large number of men allocated to the infantry, in 1941, the British Army instituted reforms to build-up other arms and formations. As a result, several divisions were to be disbanded or reduced. This included the 15th (Scottish), which was placed on the lower establishment in November 1941. This meant that the division was detailed for home defence, compared to a higher establishment division that were intended to be deployed overseas for combat. The division was stripped of artillery and engineer units, and used as a source of reinforcements for oversea units. After being downgraded, the division moved north to Northumberland. It took up position at Newcastle and along the coast north of the city, as well as continued training. On 14 May 1942, Major-General Charles Bullen-Smith took command.

On 5 January 1943, the 45th Brigade was removed from the division and replaced by the 6th Guards Tank Brigade. This brought the division inline with the 'mixed division' concept. Lieutenant-General Giffard Le Quesne Martel, head of the Royal Armoured Corps, described this as "the absorption of the armoured forces into the rest of the army", which required a division to decrease from three to two infantry brigades, and have a tank brigade, equipped with infantry tanks, assigned in place of the lost infantry. On 28 March 1943, the division was raised to the higher establishment, officially as a 'mixed division'. It was intended to bring the division up to strength, an establishment of 16,119 men and 205 tanks, by June. Accordingly, additional units were transferred to the division. Training now had an emphasis on combined arms warfare. The division was assigned to the VIII Corps, on 20 June 1943. The following month, on 14 July, the division was brought back up to a strength of three infantry brigades, while still retaining the tank brigade, when the 227th (Highland) Infantry Brigade joined. On 27 August 1943, Major-General Gordon MacMillan arrived from commanding a brigade in combat in North Africa, to take command of the division.

On 5 September, the 'mixed division' concept was abandoned as it was considered to have not been successful, and the 6th Guards Tank Brigade left on 9 September. The division then moved to Yorkshire, and was based around Bradford, Harrogate, and Leeds. The remainder of the 1943 and the opening of 1944 was used to conduct extensive training and divisional exercises, as the division had been assigned to partake in Operation Overlord, the invasion of German-occupied France. In February 1944, General Bernard Montgomery, commander of the 21st Army Group, the main Allied formation in Operation Overlord, visited the division and addressed the men. In the following weeks, the division was visited by George VI, Queen Elizabeth, their daughter Elizabeth, Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and the VIII Corps commander Lieutenant-General Richard O'Connor. In April, the division moved to Sussex, and was concentrated in camps in the Brighton area. The division's advanced parties departed for London on 8 June, and moved to France on 13 June. On 11 June, the division proper started to move to marshalling areas in London and Southampton, and were transported to France piecemeal with the last unit not arriving until 24 June.

Overseas service

Operation Epsom

The Norman city of Caen was the primary British objective during the Normandy landings, and was seen as key for future operations. However, the city did not fall on 6 June, and was not taken in follow-up fighting. The recently assembled VIII Corps was assigned to a renewed effort to capture the city. Operation Epsom intended for the corps to attack to the west of Caen, cross the Odon and Orne rivers, capture an area of high ground near Bretteville-sur-Laize and thereby encircle the city. The operation was the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division's baptism of fire, and it was assigned a key role in the opening phases: to clear several villages that stood between them and the Odon, and to capture bridges to allow the 11th Armoured Division to cross the river and race for Bretteville-sur-Laize. Afterwards, the 15th Division would clear the Odon river valley.

Phase I of the attack was conducted by the 44th and the 46th Brigades, supported by Churchill tanks from the 31st Tank Brigade and specialist tanks from the 79th Armoured Division. Both brigades attacked at 07:30 behind a rolling barrage. German mortar fire responded immediately. Despite delays caused by minefields and German holdouts in the forward area, the brigades captured most of their objectives before noon: La Gaule, Le Haut, and Cheux. An effort by the 46th Brigade to advance  to the southeast of Cheux, to capture a hill, was partially successful. They seized the northern slope, but the Germans retained the southern. Elements of the 44th Brigade were engaged in an all day struggle to capture and hold St Mauvieu, which they did after fending off several counterattacks. Both brigades suffered mounting losses. The historian Carlo D'Este highlighted the 46th Brigade's 2nd Battalion, Glasgow Highlanders, who suffered around 200 casualties including 12 officers. This represented 24 per cent of the battalion's officers and "nearly 25% of the entire rifle battalion."

Phase II of the attack started late, around 18:00, as the 227th Brigade was delayed by traffic congestion at Cheux. As it moved south, the brigade was engaged by German tanks and made little progress. However, one company broke through the German lines and reached Colleville. On the morning of 27 June, the 46th Brigade secured the northern slope of the hill that had been previously denied to them. Afterwards, both the 44th and the 46th Brigades were relieved by the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division. Part of the 227th Brigade made little progress pushing south beyond Cheux, due to mortar fire and German tanks, although they repulsed one attack and destroyed four tanks. The rest of the brigade cleared Colleville, captured Tourville-sur-Odon, destroyed additional German tanks, and by the afternoon had seized the bridge across the Odon at Tourmauville. This allowed the 11th Armoured Division to cross and proceed with the operation.

Fighting continued the next day, with most of the division involved. Additional bridges and villages were secured along the Odon valley. This included Gavrus, which was taken by the 2nd Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders and who were then left isolated. The Germans also began a counterattack on the north side of the Odon into the division's western flank. The back and forth fighting, which spread to both sides of the Odon, continued through 29 June and resulted in the division fending off the attacks and was able to secure additional territory. The historian Lloyd Clark placed the division's defensive success on "careful positioning", taking advantage of terrain, as well as "excellent leadership and tactical prowess at the small unit level." Due to heavy casualties suffered by the 2nd Battalion, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, they withdrew and the division ceded control of Gavrus on 30 June. During the course of the day, additional counterattacks on the division were repulsed. The 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division then relieved the 15th, although the 44th Brigade remained engaged through July 1. They repulsed further German counterattacks, and were relieved by the Welsh division on 2 July.

Hugh Martin, the author of the divisional history, described Epsom as the "fiercest fighting that the Division was to know in the whole war", which captured  of territory, and resulted in "one-quarter" of all casualties suffered by the division through the entire campaign. The division suffered 288 men killed, 1,638 wounded, and 794 men missing. D'Este commented that the number of riflemen in a division was around 4,600, and the losses suffered by the division represented "in excess of 50%" of the division's infantry.

Normandy, July

The next divisional action was limited to artillery support, with the artillery supporting a Canadian effort to capture the Carpiquet airfield during Operation Windsor on 4 July. By 7 July, the division had been reinforced to make up most of its Epsom losses. The 44th and the 46th Brigades were then assigned to support the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division during Operation Jupiter. The 44th Brigade occupied positions along the Odon river, previously held by the 227th Brigade during Operation Epsom. This freed up the 43rd Division, for their attack on the dominant high ground south of the river. The 44th Brigade supported this effort by engaging in mutual mortar bombardments with the Germans on the heights. The 46th Brigade, supported by elements of the 7th Royal Tank Regiment, cleared the area between the Odon and Orne near Eterville. They also supported the 43rd Division by taking control of several hamlets that the latter had captured, and fended off several counterattacks. By 10 July, both brigades had been relieved.

On 12 July, the division was assigned to XII Corps, and three days later attacked towards Bougy, Evrecy, and Maizet, as part of Operation Greenline; a diversionary attack in support of Operation Goodwood. German resistance and counterattacks, heavy fighting, flanking fire, and a direct hit on one of the brigade's tactical headquarters caused delays and communication breakdowns. In the end, the division captured Bougy, fell short of taking Evrecy, and failed to advance on Maizet. However, the fighting had attracted German armour reserves away from the Goodwood battle area, and thus achieved the operation's objective.

Breakout from Normandy

On 23 July, the division relocated to Caumont and relieved the 5th US Infantry Division. This was part of a strategic realignment of the Normandy beachhead, as the British Second Army shifted three divisions west to allow the American First Army to launch a breakout offensive. In support, the British Army launched Operation Bluecoat that aimed to secure the American flank and reach the town of Vire. The division was faced by the recently arrived 326th Infantry Division, who took over well-prepared defenses that were behind a minefield. For Bluecoat, the division reverted to the command of VIII Corps and was supported by mine-clearing tanks, Churchill tanks, and Churchill Crocodiles. On 30 July, the division attacked through the Normandy bocage, with the goal of reaching Hill 309 by the end of the day. The infantry were soon subjected to heavy artillery fire, while terrain and mines resulted in the infantry and tanks separating. The division's first objective was Sept-Vents and a nearby wood. It was intended to be captured by 09:55, but it took six-hours to achieve this due to mines, traffic jams, heavy fighting, and the methodical clearing of the village. In the meantime, the supporting tanks pressed forward alone and captured Hill 309 in the mid-afternoon, around the same time Sept-Vents was cleared. They then held the hill until relieved by the advancing Scottish infantry, around 22:00.

The following day, the division consolidated their captured positions, while two armoured divisions continued the corps' attack. On 1 August, the division fended off numerous counterattacks that were launched upon its positions, primarily by the 21st Panzer Division, over a 12-hour period. Over the following days, while most of the division retained their defensive position, elements were used to clear territory captured or bypassed by the advancing armour. During this period, MacMillan was wounded by shell fire and was replaced by the 46th Brigade commander, Colin Muir Barber, who was made a major-general. On 6 August, the leading elements of the division reached Estry and the nearby Hill 208, and fought a back and forth battle for both locations over the following days. On 13 August, the division was transferred to near Caen, and ended its participation in the Normandy fighting.

The Allied advance culminated in the defeat of the German military in Normandy at the Falaise Pocket. Afterwards, the Second Army advanced towards the Seine, in pursuit of the retreating German forces, with XII Corps spearheaded by the 15th Division. Late on 26 August, the division crossed the river largely unopposed. Additional crossings, meeting light resistance, were made under the cover of darkness the next morning. The bridgehead was then consolidated.

Belgium and the Netherlands

On 2 September, one battalion moved east from the Seine and was followed by the rest of the division the next day. Four days later, the bulk of the division arrived at Courtrai, Belgium, and immediately shelled retreating German forces. Over the following days, the division cleared the area between the Scheldt and the Lys rivers, and took several hundred prisoners. The Glasgow Highlanders (46th Brigade) were dispatched to reinforce the effort to take Ghent. They fought an opposed crossing of the Ghent–Terneuzen Canal on 9 September, and spent the following two days engaged in close fighting in and around the northern section of the city as they cleared it building by building, and took several hundred more prisoners.

The division then moved into the bridgehead that had been established over the Albert Canal, at Gheel. From this foothold, on 14 September, the division launched several assaults to cross the Meuse-Escaut Canal (referred to as the 'Junction Canal' in the divisional history). They were only able to secure one bridgehead, at Aart, and battled to hold it over the next six days. The bridgehead, around  in depth, was heavily contested by the Germans and caused the division 700 casualties. This action was credited with diverting German resources away from Joe's Bridge, where XXX Corps began their assault from at the start of Operation Market Garden. On 20 September, the 7th Armoured Division relieved the 15th Division, which (minus the 227th Brigade) moved east to Lommel, and took up position in a bridgehead that had been secured by the 53rd Division.

Operation Market Garden intended to land the First Allied Airborne Army behind German lines to seize six bridges and other key areas, to facilitate an advance by XXX Corps through the Netherlands and across the Rhine and into Germany. XII Corp was assigned to protect the left flank of XXX Corps' advance. Consequently, the 15th Division crossed the Wilhelmina Canal (), unopposed on 21 September, and advanced towards the village of Best, on the northwest outskirts of Eindhoven. 'D' Company of the 7th Seaforth Highlanders (46th Brigade) entered the village the next day and believed it to be unoccupied. However, their arrival had surprised the German garrison, and after the loss of 33 men, 'D' Company withdrew. The 46th Brigade and the divisional reconnaissance regiment the launched further attacks, which turned into a five-day battle for control of the village. It saw methodical house to house fighting, and repeated assaults to clear German forces out of the train station and cement factory on the south side of the village. Meanwhile, the 44th Brigade was initially held in reserve, to be used to clear the road that XXX Corps had advanced along, if needed. But on 24 September, it was released from this duty. It and the 227th Brigade (which had now rejoined the division) attacked northwards, and cleared the area up to the river Dommel and captured several hamlets. Martin recounted that a medical officer from the 44th Brigade strayed into German lines while searching for wounded soldiers, during this period. After giving his word not to provide intelligence to the division, he was released to continue his search for the wounded. Operation Haggis followed, which was the relief of the division by the 51st (Highland) Infantry Division and was finalized on 3 October. Afterwards, the division was then given a three-week break at Helmond, east of Eindhoven. This time was used to rest, reinforce, train, and a 'Battle School' was formed.

The division was then assigned to VIII Corps, which was tasked with defeating three German divisions that were based west of the Meuse along the eastern flank of the corridor captured during Operation Market Garden. Prior to the 15th (Scottish) being committed to this, Montgomery assigned the division back to XII Corps that been tasked with attacking west from the corridor. This operation, codenamed Operation Pheasant, was designed to support the ongoing effort to clear the Scheldt estuary. The division's task was to capture the town of Tilburg. On 20 October, the division moved back to Best, and started their advance three days later. German forces had largely abandoned the area in front of the division, so the initial move was unopposed. On 26 October, a brief action was fought to capture the town of Oisterwijk. The next day, the division (now supported by the 4th Armoured Brigade and the Dutch Princess Irene Brigade) advanced into the Tilburg, and seized key points throughout the city. Martin claimed that the division skirmished with Dutch Waffen SS units in Tilburg. The following day, the division conducted a clearing operation, and then declared the city liberated. On 30 October, the division entered Asten, south of Helmond, in response a German counterattack launched to the east of Eindhoven.

The division then fought at Meijel, Blerwick, the Battle of Broekhuizen.

Germany

The division then entered Germany, and fought in Operation Veritable, crossed the Rhine, took part in Operation Plunder in late March 1945,  part of the Western Allied invasion of Germany.

The particular distinction for the 15th Scottish was to be selected to lead the last set piece river crossing of the war, the assault across the River Elbe (Operation Enterprise) on 29 April 1945 spearheaded by the 1st Commando Brigade, after which they fought on to the Baltic occupying both Lübeck and Kiel. The 15th (Scottish) was the only division of the British Army during the Second World War to be involved in three of the six major European river assault crossings; the Seine, the Rhine and the Elbe.

On 10 April 1946, the 15th (Scottish) Infantry Division was finally disbanded. Its battle casualties– killed, wounded and missing – in nearly eleven months of fighting were 11,772 with over 1,500 men killed. According to D'Este, the "15th (Scottish) Division was considered to be the most effective and best led infantry division in 21st Army Group."

General officers commanding

The division had the following commanders:

Order of battle

See also

 List of British divisions in World War II
 British Army Order of Battle (September 1939)

Notes
 Footnotes

 Citations

References

 Capt Walter Kemsley & Capt Michael R. Riesco, The Scottish Lion on Patrol: Being the History of the 15th Scottish Reconnaissance Regiment, 1943–46, Bristol: White Swan Press, 1950/Revised edn (Tim Chamberlin, ed), Barnsley: Pen & Sword, 2011, ISBN 978-1-39901-874-6.

Further reading

Infantry divisions of the British Army in World War II
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations disestablished in 1946

15th (Scottish) Infantry Division


An Dracula navarroorum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer ngan Alexander Charles Hirtz. An Dracula navarroorum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dracula, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dracula

Dracula navarroorum


Kongeantilopen (Neotragus pygmaeus) er en vestafrikansk antilope, der anses for at være verdens mindste. Den har en skulderhøjde på 25 cm og en vægt på 2½-3 kg. Et karakteristisk træk er de lange slanke ben, hvor bagbenene er dobbelt så lange som forbenene. Kun hanner har horn. De er korte, glatte og spidse og måler op til 3 cm i længden. Den bløde pels er rødlig til gyldenbrun med en hvid underside.

Den lever i skove eller skovkanter med tæt underskov, hvor den søger føde om natten.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Dyr fra Vestafrika
Skedehornede

Kongeantilope


Das KZ-Außenlager Johanngeorgenstadt wurde als Außenlager des Konzentrationslagers Flossenbürg in der Gemeinde Johanngeorgenstadt eingerichtet. Es befand sich in einem späteren Möbelfabrikgebäude in der Georgistraße der Stadt und bestand vom 1. Dezember 1943 bis zum 16. April 1945. Für die zahlreichen im Lager umgekommenen ausländischen Häftlinge, die in der Rüstungsindustrie tätig waren, wurde am Rande des Friedhofes von Johanngeorgenstadt ein Denkmal errichtet und am Gebäude des früheren KZ-Außenlagers eine Gedenktafel angebracht. Zu den Opfern zählen u. a. 124 Gefangene aus der Sowjetunion.

Lagerkommandant war zunächst Cornelius Schwanner, ab Januar 1945 Gottfried Kolacevic, der auch die Evakuierung des Lagers in Richtung Schönheide leitete, bei der viele Häftlinge starben.

Literatur
 Ulrich Fritz: Johanngeorgenstadt. In: Wolfgang Benz, Barbara Distel (Hrsg.): Der Ort des Terrors. Geschichte der nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslager. Band 4: Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück. C.H. Beck, München 2006, ISBN 3-406-52964-X, S. 160–163.

Weblinks
 KZ-Gedenkstätte Flossenbürg

Johanngeorgenstadt
Geschichte (Johanngeorgenstadt)
Sachsen in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus

KZ-Außenlager Johanngeorgenstadt


Gary George Peacock (May 12, 1935September 4, 2020) was an American jazz double bassist. He recorded a dozen albums under his own name, and also performed and recorded with major jazz figures such as avant garde saxophonist Albert Ayler, pianists Bill Evans, Paul Bley and Marilyn Crispell, and as a part of Keith Jarrett's "Standards Trio" with drummer Jack DeJohnette. The trio existed for over thirty years, and recorded over twenty albums together. DeJohnette once stated that he admired Peacock's "sound, choice of notes, and, above all, the buoyancy of his playing." Marilyn Crispell called Peacock a "sensitive musician with a great harmonic sense."

Early life
Peacock was born in Burley, Idaho, on May 12, 1935; his father worked as a business consultant for grocery stores, and his mother was a homemaker. He grew up in Yakima, Washington, where he attended Yakima Senior High School, now called A.C. Davis High School. His earliest musical experiences involved playing piano, trumpet, and drums. When he was 15, he heard live jazz for the first time, attending a Jazz at the Philharmonic concert featuring Oscar Peterson and Ray Brown. Peacock graduated in 1953; while playing for his class, he had a profound experience, stating: "I was playing the drums, and had the experience of being played rather than playing... I realized that something transformative had happened... and there was this certainty. From the bottom of my feet to the top of my head, it was totally clear: 'Oh, this is the direction to go.'"

After graduating, Peacock attended the Westlake School of Music in Los Angeles but was then drafted into the Army. While stationed in Germany, he played piano in a jazz trio, but switched to bass when the group's bassist quit. Peacock recalled: "The bass player got married, and his wife didn't want him out any more. The band's drummer... said, 'You play bass.' I said, 'I don't want to play bass...' As it turned out, he found a pianist, and I started playing the bass." According to Peacock, he "just sort of figured it out": "I seemed to progress pretty rapidly in a very short time. And since I was stationed in Germany and there weren't any bass players anywhere, it allowed me to be available to play sessions with different people in Frankfurt and the surrounding areas." He also recalled: "The instrument felt natural. It just turned out to be a recognition, like, 'Oh, this is it. This is good.'"

Career

After being discharged from the Army in 1956, Peacock remained in Germany, playing with Hans Koller, Tony Scott, Bud Shank, Atilla Zoller, and others, before returning to Los Angeles. He recalled: "I had a standing invitation for a scholarship at Westlake College of Music. So I went to the school. They said, 'Great. Unfortunately, the school is closing.' So I had to start looking for gigs right away. That ended my scholarly education." His bass playing at the time was influenced by Paul Chambers, Ray Brown, and Scott LaFaro, whom he befriended. He soon established himself as a bass player, participating in sessions with Barney Kessel and Art Pepper, and, in 1962, recording with Don Ellis (Essence), Clare Fischer (First Time Out and Surging Ahead), and Prince Lasha (The Cry!). He also married fellow musician Annette Peacock (they later divorced) and began a musical association with pianist Paul Bley, with whom he would go on to record nine albums.

While in California, Peacock heard the music of Ornette Coleman. Initially dismissive, he soon changed his mind: "It challenged that fixed position I had about what jazz improvisation should be and what the rules are. It created a pivot for me to embrace a much larger musical universe." Peacock reflected on how his thinking began to change:

I can remember when I was in Los Angeles about 1959 and I noticed that I was playing less time... In fact, playing the time became very irritating, it just felt like a straightjacket and I wanted to kind of break through that. I simply started listening in myself to what a bass could do and I just began to intentionally play out of time, with some notions, some glimmers of what could be done. I noticed that the time could literally be there and I could be playing something that was basically ametric and yet it worked in some way as far as my ears were concerned... An interesting question [came up]: What would happen if we didn't play the time but just allowed it to be there. Instead of going, 'dingdingding,' just allow it to be there and play something... It opened up something for the pianist, it opened up something for the drums.

In 1962, Peacock moved to New York, where he played with Bley and musicians such as Jimmy Giuffre, Roland Kirk, George Russell, and Archie Shepp. He also joined Bill Evans' trio, which included drummer Paul Motian, who would become a long-time associate, recording the album Trio 64 with the group in December 1963. Peacock recalled that Evans' "sense of harmony was exquisite... The harmonies, and the way that he would voice the harmonies, made a melody not only believable but [so] you wanted to fall in love with it. And because he played low, whatever the bass played, it could be heard; be an integral part of the music." In 1964, Peacock briefly joined Miles Davis' quintet, substituting for Ron Carter in April and May of that year. Reflecting on his time with Davis, he stated:

Miles probably said one of the most brilliant, useful, and necessary comments I've ever heard. Somebody was recording with him, and Miles looked at him and said, "What I want to hear is what you don't know." That is really the key: not playing what you know, playing what you don't know. To do that, you have to get very quiet inside, listen, and surrender to whatever that particular musical setting is. So it doesn't make any difference whether I'm playing standards or free stuff, because you're giving up any kind of fixed positions or attitudes you may have about what it should or shouldn't be. And to do that, you have to be vulnerable, to be in a place where you realize that what you're after, you cannot know. It's not conceivable. But it's there. It's the muse. So it's kind of a switch from the self playing the muse to the muse playing the self.

He also said that Davis "didn't miss one thing. He heard everything that was happening all the time. I could hear that he was hearing it. There was that kind of focus, that kind of attention, that kind of commitment to what's happening. It was a great experience, really a great lesson. Miles was a great teacher, without teaching."

That year, he also appeared on Tony Williams' debut album, Life Time.

In 1964, Peacock joined Albert Ayler's trio, which also featured drummer Sunny Murray, and went on to tour and record with him, appearing on the groundbreaking Spiritual Unity album among others. Regarding Ayler, Peacock stated:

I think he brought something that was so genuine and so natural and so authentic that it was unavoidable. If someone could get past their ideas about what something should be and just listen. It is incredible...  He was definitely a major influence for me... He was about music, really, really about music and about continual development with the instrument, with technique, with all of that. So when he played it wasn't just squawks and beeps and honks and that kind of thing. He was really, he was coming from a real place. It was authentic. It was really him.

Peacock continued to record with Bley, Williams (Spring, which also featured Herbie Hancock, Sam Rivers, and Wayne Shorter), and others until the late 1960s, when he began experiencing health problems. He reflected:

I was not in good shape. I was doing a lot of drugs and alcohol, and I was discontented with myself... I happened to meet with Timothy Leary and... took acid. The result of that was realizing, number one, that I didn't know who the hell I was, whereas before, I'd always identified myself as a musician, a bass player. Then, of course, came "Who am I?" I also noticed that this desire to play music wasn't there anymore. So the question was, what to do. So what I did was nothing. I stopped playing.

At this point, he decided to take a complete break from music. He recalled: "I got involved with macrobiotics and felt drawn to Eastern philosophies and medicine. I became a regular practitioner of macrobiotics and eventually moved to Japan for two and a half years, studying the language, history, and Oriental philosophy." Reflecting on studying the Japanese language, he stated: "There is a great lack of personal pronouns... And the effect that has... is after a time, there is a sense of spaciousness that opens up internally and externally."

By 1970, while still in Japan, Peacock began to play again, recording Eastward in Tokyo with pianist Masabumi Kikuchi and drummer Hiroshi Murakami, followed by Voices the next year. During this time he also recorded with Mal Waldron (First Encounter). In 1972, he returned to the United States and enrolled as a student at the University of Washington, where he studied biology, graduating in 1976. He resumed his musical relationship with Bley, touring Japan and recording Japan Suite. In 1977, he recorded Tales of Another with Keith Jarrett and Jack DeJohnette; together, they would later become known as the Standards Trio due to their focus on jazz standards. This was followed by December Poems, which features four solo bass pieces and two duets with saxophonist Jan Garbarek. From 1979 to 1983, Peacock also taught at the Cornish School of the Arts.

Through the 1980s and '90s, Peacock released a number of albums under his own name, and also played and toured extensively with Jarrett and DeJohnette. He also performed and recorded with a trio known as Tethered Moon, with Masabumi Kikuchi and Motian, as well as recording with Bley, Garbarek, Ralph Towner, and Marc Copland. Regarding the trio format, Peacock stated:

If three people share a common history in a particular area of music and they all found something in that music that freed them, when they get together to play a piece everyone is 100% in that composition... The question is, how much are you willing to give up to play this music? I don't think it can work if you still have an agenda, if you feel you still need to prove something musically. That's not the point – it's just about the music. So you're going to serve that, not yourself or somebody in the audience, not the critics or the reviewers. It's just the music. What does the music want?

The following decades saw Peacock continuing to play and record in the existing trio contexts, as well as with Marilyn Crispell, Lee Konitz, and Bill Frisell, and with a new trio featuring Marc Copland and Joey Baron.

Death
Peacock died on September 4, 2020, at his home in Upstate New York.  He was 85; the cause of death was undisclosed.

Attitude toward music
In a 2007 interview, Peacock stated:

I follow a practice that I've done for about ten years. I go through an actual daily practice of greeting the instrument, positioning myself with the instrument, paying attention to my posture, my breathing, the texture, the feeling of the instrument... Sometimes that takes seconds, sometimes it takes five minutes. Just getting a physical-sensory connection. The next thing is when I actually start playing, I don't lose that physical connection. To be completely aware of the sound that I'm playing and also what my feelings are about the sound of the instrument. Just paying attention. I don't try to do anything about it necessarily, but I just play, letting it be there. I might be playing an arpeggio or a melody, but basically the attention is on the sensory-emotional aspect of my playing. And then I let it go.

He also stated: "If you always wake up in the morning and realize, 'Oh my God, I'm just a beginner!,' then you're in a really good place. If you wake up in the morning and say, 'Oh, I've got that handled, I can do anything I want.' - hmm, I don't know." In another interview from 2010, Peacock said "If you've come close to death a few times or what you thought was death, you've realized there's no guarantee that you're going to be alive in the next instant. So my approach to playing is the realization that there are no guarantees anywhere. So where do I want to be, what kind of state to do I want to be in when I'm playing? It helped me to be really focused in a profound way and be really present."

Peacock also discussed the relationship between music and his daily practice of zazen (sitting meditation):

I think music actually prepared me in some ways in coming to zazen, because it was the only window in my life where I felt kind of a spiritual or religious sense. I looked at that, the essence of that and it was just bare awareness. Zazen is the same thing; it's a heightened sense of awareness. My daily mantra is a quote from my Zen teacher, John Daido Loori, Roshi. I asked him one time, "What is Zen?" He said, "Just do what you're doing while you're doing it." It's so simple, but it's so hard!

Discography
Source: AllMusic

As leader
 Eastward (CBS/Sony, 1970) with Masabumi Kikuchi, Hiroshi Murakami
 Voices (CBS/Sony, 1971) with Masabumi Kikuchi, Hiroshi Murakami, Masahiko Togashi
 Tales of Another (ECM, 1977) with Keith Jarrett, Jack DeJohnette
 December Poems (ECM, 1978) with Jan Garbarek
 Shift in the Wind (ECM, 1980) with Art Lande, Eliot Zigmund
 Voice from the Past – Paradigm (ECM, 1982) with Tomasz Stanko, Jan Garbarek, Jack DeJohnette – recorded in 1981
 Guamba (ECM, 1987) with Palle Mikkelborg, Jan Garbarek, Peter Erskine
 Oracle (ECM, 1993) with Ralph Towner
 Just So Happens (Postcards, 1994) with Bill Frisell
 A Closer View (ECM, 1998) with Ralph Towner – recorded in 1995
 Now This (ECM, 2015) with Marc Copland, Joey Baron
 Tangents (ECM, 2017) with Marc Copland, Joey Baron

As a member
Tethered Moon
Trio with Masabumi Kikuchi and Paul Motian
 First Meeting (Winter & Winter, 1997) – recorded in 1990-91
 Tethered Moon (King/Paddle Wheel, 1992)
 Triangle (King/Paddle Wheel, 1993)
 Tethered Moon Play Kurt Weill (JMT, 1995) – reissued on (Winter & Winter, 2005)
 Chansons d'Édith Piaf (Winter & Winter, 1999)
 Experiencing Tosca (Winter & Winter, 2004)

As sideman
With Albert Ayler
 Ghosts (Debut, 1964 [1965])
 Prophecy (ESP-Disk, 1964 [1975])
 Albert Smiles With Sunny (InRespect, 1964 [1996])
 New York Eye and Ear Control (ESP-Disk, 1964 [1965])
 Spiritual Unity (ESP-Disk, 1965)
 Spirits Rejoice (ESP-Disk, 1965)
 The Copenhagen Tapes (Ayler Records, 1964 [2002])
 The Hilversum Session (Osmosis Records, 1964, [1980])
 Holy Ghost: Rare & Unissued Recordings (1962–70) (compilation: Revenant Records, 2004)

With Paul Bley
 Virtuosi (Improvising Artists, 1976) with Barry Altschul – recorded in 1967
 Mr. Joy (Limelight, 1968)
 Paul Bley with Gary Peacock (ECM, 1970)
 Ballads (ECM, 1971)
 Turning Point (Improvising Artists, 1975)
 Japan Suite (Improvising Artists, 1977)
 Partners (Owl, 1989)
 In the Evenings Out There (ECM, 1991)
 Annette (Hat ART, 1993)
 Not Two, Not One (ECM, 1998)

With Marc Copland
 My Foolish Heart (Jazz City, 1988) with John Abercrombie, Jeff Hirshfield
 All Blues at Night (Jazz City, 1989) with Tim Hagans, Bill Stewart
 At Night (album)|At Night (Sunnyside, 1992) with Billy Hart
 Paradiso (Soul Note, 1995) with Billy Hart
 Softly (1998 album)|Softly (Savoy, 1998) with Mike Brecker, Tim Hagans, Joe Lovano, Bill Stewart
 What It Says (Sketch, 2004)
 Modinha - New York Trio Recordings Vol. 1 (Pirouet, 2006) trio with Bill Stewart
 Voices - New York Trio Recordings Vol. 2 (Pirouet, 2007) trio with Paul Motian
 Insight (Pirouet, 2009)

With Marilyn Crispell
 Nothing Ever Was, Anyway: Music of Annette Peacock (ECM, 1997)
 Amaryllis (ECM, 2000)
 Azure (ECM, 2013)
 In Motion (Intakt, 2016)

With Clare Fischer
 First Time Out (Pacific Jazz, 1962)
 Surging Ahead (Pacific Jazz, 1962)

With Toninho Horta
 Once I Loved (Verve, 1992)
 From Ton To Tom (VideoArts Music, 1998)

With Keith Jarrett
 Standards, Vol. 1 (ECM, 1983)
 Standards, Vol. 2 (ECM, 1983)
 Changes (ECM, 1984) – recorded in 1983
 Standards Live (ECM, 1986) – recorded in 1985
 Still Live (ECM, 1989) – recorded in 1986
 Changeless (ECM, 1989) – recorded in 1987
 Tribute (ECM, 1990) – recorded in 1989
 The Cure (ECM, 1991) – recorded in 1990
 Bye Bye Blackbird (ECM, 1993) – recorded in 1991
 At the Deer Head Inn (ECM, 1994) – recorded in 1992
 Standards in Norway (ECM, 1995) – recorded in 1989
 Keith Jarrett at the Blue Note (ECM, 1995) – recorded in 1994
 Tokyo '96 (ECM, 1998) – recorded in 1996
 Whisper Not (ECM, 2000) – recorded in 1999
 Inside Out (ECM, 2001) – recorded in 2000
 Always Let Me Go (ECM, 2002) – recorded in 2001
 Up for It (ECM, 2003) – recorded in 2002
 The Out-of-Towners (ECM, 2004) – recorded in 2001
 My Foolish Heart (ECM, 2007) – recorded in 2001
 Yesterdays (ECM, 2009) – recorded in 2001
 Somewhere (ECM, 2013) – recorded in 2009
 After the Fall (ECM, 2018) – recorded in 1998

With Robert Kaddouch
 53rd  Street (Odradek, 2016)
 High Line (Odradek, 2016)

With Bud Shank
 Holiday in Brazil (World Pacific, 1958) with Laurindo Almeida
 Latin Contrasts (World Pacific, 1958) with Laurindo Almeida
 Slippery When Wet (World Pacific, 1959)
 New Groove (Pacific Jazz, 1961)
 Barefoot Adventure (Pacific Jazz, 1961)

With Tony Williams
 Life Time (Blue Note, 1964)
 Spring (Blue Note, 1966) – recorded in 1965

With others
 Franck Amsallem, Out a Day (OMD, 1990) also with Bill Stewart
 Bill Carrothers, Home Row (Pirouet) also with Bill Carrothers, Bill Stewart
 Chick Corea, Live In Montreux (GRP, 1981) also with Joe Henderson and Roy Haynes
 Lowell Davidson, Lowell Davidson Trio (ESP-Disk, 1965)
 Don Ellis, Essence (Pacific Jazz, 1962)
 Bill Evans, Trio 64 (Verve, 1963)
 Barney Kessel, Barney Kessel's Swingin' Party (Contemporary, 1963) – recorded in 1960
 Prince Lasha and Sonny Simmons, The Cry! (Contemporary, 1962)
 Misha Mengelberg, Driekusman Total Loss (VaraJazz (Netherlands), 1981) – recorded in 1964
 Don Pullen, New Beginnings (Blue Note, 1988)
 Ravi Shankar, Improvisations (World Pacific, 1962)
 John Surman, Adventure Playground (ECM, 1991)
 Ralph Towner, City of Eyes (ECM, 1988)
 Mal Waldron, First Encounter (RCA Victor (Japan), 1971)
 Jimmy Woods, Awakening!! (Contemporary, 1962)
 Hōzan Yamamoto, Ginkai (Philips, Nihon Phonogram, 1971) also with Masabumi Kikuchi

Filmography

Film

Composer

Performer

Soundtrack

Television
Performer

References

External links

 Gary Peacock on ECM Records
 interview short film with Gary Peacock shortly before his death, filmed at his house in Olive, NY

1935 births
2020 deaths
Avant-garde jazz musicians
American jazz double-bassists
Male double-bassists
People from Burley, Idaho
ECM Records artists
Postcards Records artists
Cornish College of the Arts faculty
Musicians from Idaho
21st-century double-bassists
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Improvising Artists Records artists
Intakt Records artists
Pirouet Records artists

Gary Peacock


Thomas Hincks est un nom pouvant désigner:

 (1767-1857), naturaliste et pasteur irlandais
 (1808-1882), archidiacre irlandais
 (1818-1899), naturaliste britannique

Voir aussi

Hincks, Thomas

Thomas Hincks


Büttel er en by og en kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Wilstermarsch i den sydvestlige del af Kreis Steinburg. Kreis Steinburg ligger i den sydvestlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Büttel ligger omkring syv kilometer øst for Brunsbüttel ved Elbdiget, der her går et stykke inde i landet. Området omkring diget er fredet og kaldes "Außendeich" eller på plattysk "Butendiek". Her ligger "Bösch" en forhøjning, hvor der tidligere lå en lodsstation. Burg-Kudensee-Kanal løber gennem kommunen.

Büttel havde tidligere en havn, med adgang til Elben, men nu er der kun den lille Bütteler Kanal (også Burg-Kudensee-Kanal) tilbage, og den er for snæver til nutidens skibe, og adgangen til Elben er lukket.

Bundesstraße 5 går gennem kommunen.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side på amtets websted
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer langs Elben
Byer i Kreis Steinburg

Büttel (Elben)


Everybody Else Is Doing It, So Why Can't We? is the debut studio album by Irish alternative rock band the Cranberries. Released on 1 March 1993 through Island Records after four EPs, it is both the band's first full-length album and major label release. The album was written entirely by the band's lead singer Dolores O'Riordan and guitarist Noel Hogan and contains the band's highest charting US single, "Linger". The album reached number one on the UK and the Irish albums charts. It spent a total of 86 weeks on the UK chart. On 24 June 1994, it became the fifth album in rock history to reach number one more than a year after release. At the end of 1995, it ranked as the 50th best selling album in Australia. It reached number 18 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart and stayed on this chart for 130 weeks; the album sold six million copies worldwide.

On 7 March 2018, the band's three remaining members announced they were releasing a special 25th anniversary newly remastered anniversary edition of the album, with previously unreleased material as well as other bonus material from the era of the album. However, it was delayed until late 2018, following the death of O'Riordan.

Track listing

Original release

2002 release
The 2002 re-release included a second disc.

Super Deluxe (2018)

Disc two

Disc three

Disc four

Personnel
The album's liner notes credit the following personnel:

The Cranberries
Dolores O'Riordan – lead vocals, acoustic guitar
Noel Hogan – lead guitar, backing vocals
Mike Hogan – bass guitar
Fergal Lawler – drums, percussion

Additional musicians
Mike Mahoney – additional vocals (2)

Production
Stephen Street – production, engineering
Aidan McGovern – additional engineering (1–5, 7–12)

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Notes

References

1993 debut albums
Albums produced by Stephen Street
The Cranberries albums
Island Records albums
Dream pop albums by Irish artists


Les échecs sont l'un des sports les plus populaires et les plus anciens en Azerbaïdjan, où il est organisé par la Fédération azerbaïdjanaise des échecs (AŞF).

Histoire des échecs en Azerbaïdjan

Les échecs peuvent être trouvés dans les œuvres de poètes persans du  tels que Khaqani et Nizami, qui vivaient dans l'Azerbaïdjan moderne, ainsi que dans les œuvres de l'écrivain et poète azerbaïdjanais du  Fuzûlî et d'autres. L'écrivain et philosophe azerbaïdjanais Mirza Fatali Akhoundov a expliqué les règles des échecs dans son poème de 1864,  « Le jeu de Chatranj ».

L'Azerbaïdjan en tant que membre de l'URSS

Les échecs organisés ont commencé en Azerbaïdjan peu de temps après la création de la République socialiste soviétique d'Azerbaïdjan en 1920, et le jeu s'est rapidement répandu. La première colonne d'échecs est apparue dans le journal « Bakinsky Rabochy » au début des années 1920. En 1923, le premier championnat de Bakou a eu lieu.

Les 2 et 3 mai 1929, un match entre des équipes de Bakou et de Tbilissi , la capitale de la République socialiste soviétique de Géorgie, a eu lieu sur 8 planches à Bakou.

En 1934, le premier championnat azerbaïdjanais a eu lieu. Cela a été remporté par Selimkhanov,  qui en 1935 est devenu président de « l'Organisation des échecs d'Azerbaïdjan ». En 1936, le premier championnat féminin a eu lieu. En 1936, A. Polisskaya de Bakou est devenue « championne féminine du Caucase du Sud ». En 1938, une école d'échecs pour femmes a été ouverte au « Club d'échecs et de dames de Bakou ». Cependant, ces championnats d'échecs au niveau local et national n'ont pas eu lieu chaque année et la Seconde Guerre mondiale a perturbé les tournois et les activités d'échecs. Mais depuis 1947, des championnats d'échecs ont lieu chaque année.

Les temps modernes

Après que l'Azerbaïdjan a obtenu son indépendance après la dissolution de l'Union soviétique en 1991, les joueurs d'échecs azerbaïdjanais ont obtenu des résultats élevés dans diverses compétitions internationales, championnats du monde et européens. En 1992, l'équipe nationale féminine pour la première fois au Olympiade d'échecs à Manille, aux Philippines, a représenté l'Azerbaïdjan indépendant et s'est classée 7e sur 67 équipes. L'équipe féminine a remporté des médailles de bronze au Championnat d'Europe qui s'est tenu à Debrecen, en Hongrie en 1993. L'équipe nationale masculine a remporté des médailles de bronze en 2007 au Championnat d'Europe qui s'est tenu en Grèce. L'équipe masculine a remporté le titre de « l'équipe la plus forte d'Europe » en Serbie en 2009, puis a remporté des médailles d'argent en 2011 en Grèce et en 2013 en Pologne. En 2012 et 2014, l'équipe masculine « SOCAR-Azerbaïdjan » a remporté les Championnats d'Europe interclubs à deux reprises. Les grands maîtres azerbaïdjanais Shakhriyar Mamedyarov, Teimour Radjabov et Vugar Gashimov ont réussi à se hisser aux 4e et 6e places du classement mondial.

Le grand maître Teimour Radjabov est devenu le premier propriétaire azerbaïdjanais de la Coupe du monde d'échecs, le 4 octobre 2019 à Khanty-Mansiïsk, en Russie.

En 2022, les représentants de l'Azerbaïdjan Govhar Beydullayeva et Abdulla Gadimbayli ont remporté le championnat d'échecs junior, en Italie.

"Baku Open 2023" est prévu du 4 au 12 mai 2023, dédié au 100e anniversaire de la naissance de Heydar Aliyev.

Voir aussi
 Fédération azerbaïdjanaise des échecs

Notes et références

Liens externes

    Site officiel de la Fédération azerbaïdjanaise des échecs

Échecs en Azerbaïdjan


Mahershalalhashbaz "Mahershala" Ali Gilmore (16. veljače 1974.) je američki glumac i reper. Svoju je glumačku karijeru Ali započeo u televizijskim serijama Crossing Jordan i Threat Matrix prije nego što je svjetsku slavu postigao nastupom u znanstveno-fantastičnoj seriji The 4400. Prvu zapaženu ulogu na filmu ostvario je 2008. godine u filmu Neobična priča o Benjaminu Buttonu redatelja Davida Finchera, a od ostalih glumačkih nastupa svakako treba izdvojiti filmove Predatori, Grijesi očeva, Pobunjenik iz okruga Jones, Hidden Figures i Igre gladi. Ali je također poznat po ulozi Remyja Dantona u Netflixovoj televizijskoj seriji Kuća od karata te kao Cornell "Cottonmouth" Stokes u seriji Luke Cage.

Za ulogu Juana u hvaljenoj drami Moonlight iz 2016. godine Ali je pobrao hvalospjeve filmskih kritičara te osvojio prestižnu nagradu Oscar, nagradu Udruženja glumaca Amerike i nagradu kritičara sve u kategoriji najboljeg sporednog glumca. Za istu je ulogu dobio nominacije za nagrade Zlatni globus i BAFTA (također u kategoriji sporednog glumca). Dobivši Oscara Ali je postao prvi Musliman koji je osvojio tu nagradu u njezinoj povijesti.

Rani život i obrazovanje
Ali je rođen 1974. godine u Oaklandu (država Kalifornija) kao sin Willicije i Phillipa Gilmorea. Odrastao je u Clevelandu (država Ohio), a u Oakland se vratio u dobi od 14 godina. Ime je dobio po Maher-shalal-hash-bazu, dječaku proroku iz Biblije. Odgojen kao Kršćanin od strane majke i svećenika, kasnije se preobratio na Islam te promijenio svoje prezime Gilmore u Ali i pridružio se muslimanskoj zajednici Ahmadija. Njegov otac nastupao je na Broadwayju. Pohađao je sveučilište St. Mary u Kaliforniji gdje je 1996. godine diplomirao.

Premda je Ali na sveučilište došao uz pomoć košarkaške stipendije, ubrzo je shvatio da ne želi svoj život usmjeriti sportskoj karijeri nakon što je uvidio kakav tretman dobivaju tamošnji sportaši. Razvio je zainteresiranost za glumu, pogotovo nakon što je nastupio u kazališnoj predstavi Spunk koja mu je kasnije omogućila ulazak u šekspirijansko kalifornijsko kazalište. Ubrzo potom započeo je pohađati sveučilište u New Yorku gdje je diplomirao 2000. godine.

Karijera
Sve do 2010. godine Ali je u profesionalnim krugovima bio poznat pod imenom Mahershalalhashbaz Ali. Najpoznatiji je po portretima Remyja Dantona u Netflixovoj seriji Kuća od karata, Cornellu Stokesu u seriji Luke Cage, pukovniku Boggsu u filmovima Igre gladi te Tizzyja u filmu Neobična priča o Benjaminu Buttonu redatelja Davida Finchera.

Za ulogu mentora i dilera droge Juana u drami Moonlight iz 2016. godine Ali je pobrao hvalospjeve filmske kritike i osvojio nagradu Oscar, nagradu Udruženja glumaca Amerike i nagradu kritičara za najboljeg sporednog glumca te dobio nominacije u istoj kategoriji za nagrade Zlatni globus i BAFTA. Osvojivši Oscara na 89. dodjeli te nagrade, Ali je postao prvim Muslimanom u povijesti kojem je to uspjelo u glumačkoj kategoriji.

Godine 2017. službeno je najavljeno da će Ali odigrati jednu od glavnih uloga u trećoj sezoni kritičarski hvaljene HBO-ove serije Pravi detektiv i to kao državni policajac Arkansasa Wayne Hays.

Osobni život
Ali je Ahmadijac. Svome mačku dao je ime Nas, prema poznatom glazbeniku. Supruga mu je Amatus-Sami Karim s kojom ima jednu kćerku.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Američki filmski glumci
Američki televizijski glumci
Dobitnici Oscara za najboljeg sporednog glumca

Mahershala Ali


بَاثِيَة أو أَمَارِنْثُوس (ب: Βάθεια أو Αμάρυνθος) هي مدينة بجزيرة وابية باليونان. بلغ عدد سكانها 4141 نسمة عام 2001.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة في وابية
مدن اليونان القديمة

باثية


Los iresinos (Iresina) son una subtribu de coleópteros adéfagos de la familia Carabidae.

Géneros
Tiene los siguientes géneros:

Referencias

Iresina


The Monetary Authority of Macao (; , AMCM) is the currency board and the de facto central bank of Macau. The regulatory institution was established on December 20, 1999, upon the transfer of sovereignty over Macau from Portugal to the People's Republic of China as the Macau Special Administrative Region.

History

It was formerly known as the "Monetary and Foreign Exchange Authority of Macao" (, AMCM), which was established on 1 July 1989.

According to Decree-law No. 14/96/M of 11 March, the Monetary Authority of Macao carries the following major statutory duties:

 To advise and assist the Chief Executive in formulating and applying monetary, financial, exchange rate and insurance policies;
 To guide, co-ordinate and oversee the monetary, financial, foreign exchange and insurance markets, ensure their smooth operation and supervise the actions of those operating within them according to the terms established in the regulatory statutes governing each respective area;
 To monitor internal monetary stability and the external solvency of the local currency, ensuring its full convertibility;
 To exercise the functions of a central monetary depository and manage the territory's currency reserves and other foreign assets;
 To monitor the stability of the financial system.

Offices
The head offices in order:
 6 Avenida da República
 Avenida Sidónio Pais, which later housed the Macau Polytechnic Institute
 St. Raphael Hospital (built 1939), served as the head office from 1990-1999 - now  Consulate-General of the Portuguese Republic in Macao
 The head office at 45 Rua Pedro Nolasco da Silva opened on 26 September 1991.
 Current: 24-26 Calçada do Gaio, São Lázaro (and the former Convent of the Precious Blood or Convento do Precioso Sangue) 1999–present - next to Escola Leng Nam

Chairman

 Anselmo Teng ()
Chan Sau San ()

See also
 Macanese pataca
 Economy of Macau
 Hong Kong Monetary Authority

References

External links

Macau
Economy of Macau
Government departments and agencies of Macau
Macau
1999 establishments in Macau
Organizations established in 1999
Regulation in China

Monetary Authority of Macao


Warren Barguil (født 28. oktober 1991 i Hennebont) er en fransk cykelrytter, der cykler for det professionelle cykelhold . Han er mest kendt for at vinde to etaper ved Vuelta a España 2013 og to etaper i 2017-udgaven af Tour de France, den ene af sidstnævnte endda iført den prikkede bjergtrøje og som den første franskmand i 12 år med en etapesejr på Bastilledagen. Han holdt desuden bjergtrøjen hele vejen til Paris. Warren Barguil har deltaget ved Tour de France seks gange i perioden 2015 til 2020.

Barguil blev sendt ud af Vueltaen 2017 af sit hold Sunweb, efter etape 7. Ifølge teamet er årsagen, at han ikke kørte i overensstemmelse med holdets målsætninger. Efterfølgende sluttede Sunweb hans kontrakt et år før tid, og han skiftede til Fortuneo-Samsic for 2018-sæsonen.

Resultater

2009
 Fransk mester, landevej (junior)
2011
7. etape, Tour de l'Avenir
2012
2. etape, Tour des Pays de Savoie
Samlet og 4. etape, Tour de l'Avenir
2013
13. og 16. etape, Vuelta a España
2017
Tour de France
13. etape
18. etape
 Bjergtrøjen

Tidslinje over samlede resultater fra den generelle klassifikation

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Mandlige cykelryttere fra Frankrig
Deltagere for Frankrig ved sommer-OL 2016
Cykelryttere ved sommer-OL 2016

Warren Barguil


1.	2 සිට ප්‍රාථමිකතාව සඳහා ඔබට පරීකෂා කිරීමට අවශ්‍ය විශාලම සංඛ්‍යාව දක්වා සංඛ්‍යා ලයිස්තුවක් ලියන්න. එම ලයිස්තුව A ලෙස හදුන්වමු. (මෙය පින්තූරයේ වම් පස වු කොටු ලයිස්තුවයි)
 2.	වෙනත් සොයා ගත් ප්‍රාථමික සංඛ්‍යා සඳහා වු ලයිස්තුවක ප්‍රථම සංඛ්‍යාව වන 2 ලියන්න. මෙම ලයිස්තුව B ලෙස හදුන්වමු. (මෙය පින්තූරයේ දකුණු පස වු ලයිස්තුවයි)
 3.	2 හි සියලු ගුණාකාර A ලයිස්තුවෙන් කපා හරින්න.
 4.	ලයිස්තුවේ ඉතිරි ප්‍රථම අංකය ප්‍රාථමික අංකයකි. එම අංකය  B ලයිස්තුව ලියන්න.
 5.	එම අංකය හා එහි ගුණාකාර සියල්ල A ලයිස්තුවෙන් කපා හරින්න. ගුණාකාර කපාහැරීම අදාල සංඛ්‍ය‍ාවේ වර්ගයෙන් ආරම්භ කළ හැක. මන්දයත් ඊට පහලින් ඇති ගුණාකාර පෙර පියවරේදී දැනටමත් කපා හැර ඇත.
 6.	A ලයිස්තුවේ කිසිදු අංකයක් ඉතිරි නොවන තෙක් පියවර අංක 4 හා 5 නැවත නැවතත් සිදු කරන්න. ඔබ A ලයිස්තුවේ විශාලම සංඛ්‍යාවේ වර්ග මූලයට වඩා වැඩි සංඛ්‍යාවකට ලගා වු විට A ලයිස්තුවේ ඉතිරි සියලු සංඛ්‍යා ප්‍රාථමික සංඛ්‍යා වන බවද අවධානයට ගන්න.

පහත දැක්වෙන්නේ ඇල්ගොරිතම සදහා වු ව්‍යාජ කේතයක

// arbitrary search limit
limit ← 1.000.000

// assume all numbers are prime at first

is_prime(i) ← true, i ∈ [2, limit]

for n in [2, √limit]:
    if is_prime(n):
        // eliminate multiples of each prime,
        // starting with its square
        is_prime(i) ← false, i ∈ {n², n²+n, n²+2n, ..., limit}

for n in [2, limit]:
    if is_prime(n): print n

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_of_Eratosthenes#Algorithm

ඇල්ගොරිතම


كريستيان زاباتا أدواردو فالنسيا  (من مواليد 30 سبتمبر 1986) من كولومبيا لاعب كرة قدم. يلعب حاليا في أي سي ميلان في مركز خط الدفاع.

وقع زاباتا لنادي أودينيزي في 31 اغسطس 2005 من ديبورتيفو كالي الكولومبي.

في 31 أكتوبر 2007، وقع زاباتا وأندريا دوسينا، ورومان أريمنكو وسيموني بيبي عقوداً جديدة حتى يونيو 2012.

كريستيان زاباتا كان يلعب في المنتخب الكولمبي لِما دون - 20 عامًا في بطولة العالم لكرة القدم عام 2005 وقد خسر أمام الأرجنتين في دور الـ 16.

أنتقل عام 2011 إلى نادي فياريال الإسباني، وانتقل بعدها إلى نادي ميلان الإيطالي في 8 أغسطس 2012.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من إدارة كاوكا
رياضيون كولومبيون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون كولومبيون مغتربون في إيطاليا
رياضيون من إدارة كاوكا
قلوب دفاع كرة قدم
كولومبيون من أصل إفريقي
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الكولومبي لكرة القدم الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو أتليتيكو ناسيونال
لاعبو أودينيزي
لاعبو إيه سي ميلان
لاعبو جنوى
لاعبو ديبورتيفو كالي
لاعبو سان لورينزو
لاعبو كأس العالم 2014
لاعبو كأس العالم 2018
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية كولومبيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية كولومبيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم كولومبيون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون كولومبيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من إدارة كاوكا
لاعبو كوبا أمريكا 2011
لاعبو كوبا أمريكا 2015
لاعبو كوبا أمريكا 2019
لاعبو كوبا أمريكا المئوية
لاعبو منتخب كولومبيا تحت 20 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب كولومبيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي فياريال
مواليد 1986

كريستيان زاباتا


An endoenzyme, or intracellular enzyme, is an enzyme that functions within the cell in which it was produced. Because the majority of enzymes fall within this category, the term is used primarily to differentiate a specific enzyme from an exoenzyme. It is possible for a single enzyme to have both endoenzymatic and exoenzymatic functions; for example, glycolytic enzymes of Kreb's Cycle. In most cases the term endoenzyme refers to an enzyme that binds to a bond 'within the body' of a large molecule - usually a polymer. For example, an endoamylase would break down large amylose molecules into shorter dextrin chains. On the other hand, an exoenzyme removes subunits from the polymer one at a time from one end; in effect it can only act at the end ponts of a polymer. An exoamylase would therefore remove one glucose molecule at a time from the end of an amylose molecule.

References

Enzymes

Endoenzyme


Rhodomyrtus psidioides é um arbusto ou pequena árvore da floresta tropical de até  de altura, membro da família botânica Myrtaceae, nativa do leste da Austrália.

As folhas são ovais a elípticas ou oblongas,  comprimento e  largura, com uma superfície superior brilhante e superfície inferior mais pálida. As glândulas sebáceas são numerosas e as folhas têm uma fragrância e viscosidade semelhantes a abacaxi quando esmagadas. Flores brancas ou rosas ocorrem em inflorescências semelhantes a racemos; seguido por uma baga,  longo,  largo, amarelo e carnudo.

Usos
A baga da goiaba nativa é comestível com um agradável aroma. A árvore é de rápido crescimento e tem um importante papel sucessional na regeneração da floresta tropical.

Referências

Plantas descritas em 1832
Myrtaceae

Rhodomyrtus psidioides


عبد الله توقاي شاعر التتار ولد بتاتارستان بتاريخ 26 أبريل 1886 وتوفيَ في 15 أبريل 1913، يعتبر من أعظم الشعراء الذين كتبوا باللغة التاتارية، ومُحيي الأدب التاتاري الحديث، استخدم اللغة التاتارية القديمة، وكان أديبا وناشرا أيضا.

مراجع

روابط خارجية

عبد الله توقاي
تتار روسيا
شعراء القرن 20
شعراء تتار
شعراء وشاعرات
مواليد 1303 هـ
مواليد 1886
وفيات 1331 هـ
وفيات 1913
وفيات السل في روسيا
وفيات بأمراض معدية في روسيا
وفيات بسبب السل في القرن 20
وفيات السل في الإمبراطورية الروسية

عبد الله توقاي


O Alfa Romeo C42 é o modelo de carro de corrida construído pela equipe Alfa Romeo para a disputa do Campeonato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 2022. Lançado em  27 de fevereiro, é pilotado por Valtteri Bottas e Guanyu Zhou.

Carros de Fórmula 1 da Alfa Romeo

Alfa Romeo C42


O Congresso de Liubeche (1097) foi um congresso de príncipes russos, realizado na cidade de Liubeche (no rio Dniepre) a fim de chegar a um acordo sobre o fim da disputa entre os príncipes sobre apanágios e se unirem contra os polovtsianos que estavam devastando a Rússia. A razão imediata para o congresso foi a necessidade de concluir a paz com Olegue Esviatoslaviche, contra quem Esvetopolco Iziaslaviche e Vladimir Monômaco lutavam desde 1094.

Ver também

 Russia de Kiev
 Principado Russos

Referências
Rússia de Kiev

Congresso de Liubeche


Ross Kauffman est un réalisateur américain de documentaires.

Biographie

Ross Kauffman a notamment réalisé avec la photographe Zana Briski le documentaire tourné à Calcutta Born Into Brothels : Calcutta's Red Light Kids (Camera Kids), récompensé en 2005 par l'Oscar du meilleur film documentaire.

Filmographie partielle

Courts métrages
 2008 : Wait for Me
 2018 : Boy Boy Girl Girl
 2021 : Que ferait Sophia Loren ?

Longs métrages
 2004 : Camera Kids
 2014 : E-Team
 2019 : Taken by the Tiger

Notes et références

Liens externes

Réalisateur américain
Documentariste américain

Ross Kauffman


Major League Soccer 2017 a fost cel de-al 22-lea sezon al ligii profesioniste nord-americane de fotbal ce a inclus 22 de cluburi în total (19 cu sediul în Statele Unite ale Americii, 3 cu sediul în Canada). Sezonul regulat a început la 3 martie și s-a încheiat în 23 octombrie. Play-off-ul a început pe 25 octombrie și s-a încheiat pe 9 decembrie.
Două noi cluburi s-au alăturat ligii: Atlanta United FC și Minnesota United FC.

Campioana en-titre, deținătoarea Cupei MLS era echipa Seattle Sounders FC, în timp ce FC Dallas era deținătoarea MLS Supporters' Shield. Toronto FC a devenit campioană pentru prima dată, câștigănd Cupei MLS, aceeași echipă câștigând și MLS Supporters' Shield.

Stadioane și orașe

Clasamente

Conferința de Est

 Conferința de Vest

 Rezultate
 Meciuri inter-conferințe

 Meciuri intra-conferințe
 Conferința de Est

Conferința de Vest

</div>

Play-off MLS Cup

<noinclude>

Statistici

Golgheteri

Cei mai buni pasatori

Premii

Premii lunare

Premii săptămânale

Jucătorul etapei

Golul etapei

Parada etapei

Echipa etapei

Goluri marcate
Primul gol al sezonului:
Cel mai rapid gol al sezonului:
Cel mai târziu gol al sezonului:

Disciplină
Primul cartonaș galben al sezonului:
Primul cartonaș roșu al sezonului:
Primul cartonaș roșu direct al sezonului:
Primul jucător suspendat pentru cumul de cartonașe galbene:

Referințe

Legături externe
 Site-ul oficial al Major League Soccer
 Site-ul oficial al fotbalului Nord-american

Statele Unite ale Americi
Major League Soccer

Major League Soccer 2017


تونس
 أحمد باي الأول، عاشر البايات الحسينيين بتونس.
 أحمد باي الثاني، الباي السابع عشر من البايات الحسينيين بتونس.

الجزائر
 أحمد باي، آخر بايات قسنطينة.

أحمد باي (توضيح)


The Official Journal of the French Republic (), also known as the JORF or JO, is the government gazette of the French Republic. It publishes the major legal official information from the national Government of France, the French Parliament and the French Constitutional Council.

Publications
The journal consists of several publications:
The best known is the "Laws and Decrees" (Journal officiel lois et décrets). It publishes all statutes and decrees, as well as some other administrative decisions. Statutes and decrees must be published in the Journal officiel before being binding on the French public
 The parliamentary debates (Senate, National Assembly, Economic, Social and Environmental Council)
 The Journal officiel Associations publishes notices of creations, breakup or substantial changes in nonprofit associations (according to the 1901 French law on associations)

Service
The direction of Official Gazettes (French: Direction des journaux officiels) is a service of the Prime Minister of France. It publishes the Journal officiel as well as other official gazettes publishing information from certain ministries or administrations. It is based at 26, rue Desaix (15th arrondissement of Paris).

Archives

Laws & Decrees

Parliamentary Debates

Other editions

See also

Government of France
Documentation française
Légifrance

References

External links
Official site

Government of France
France, Journal Officiel De La Republique
Judiciary of France
Parliamentary history of France

Journal officiel de la République française


Ashby, Virginia is a region located in Cumberland County, Virginia. Ashby is widely known for its various paranormal incidents during the 19 century. Many of the incidents are poorly reported, however recently discovered photographs have confirmed a number of these incidents.
thumb
Ashby, Cumberland County, Virginia
Ashby, Warren County, Virginia

Ashby, Virginia


Gray's Anatomy er en engelsk fagbog om human anatomi oprindeligt skrevet af Henry Gray og illustreret af Henry Vandyke Carter. Tidligere udgaver hed Anatomy: Descriptive and Surgical og Gray's Anatomy: Descriptive and Applied, men bogens navn bliver normalt forkortet til, og senere udgaver navngivet, Gray's Anatomi. Bogen anses af de fleste som en ekstrem indflydelsesrig udgivelse om emnet, og er fortsat med at blive rettet og genudgivet siden den oprindelige udgivelsesdato i 1858 frem til i dag. Den seneste udgaven af bogen, den 42., blev udgivet i oktober 2020. Den foregående udgave kom i september 2015.

Bogen har lagt navn til serien Greys hvide verden, der på engelsk hedder Grey's Anatomy.

Referencer

Faglitteratur udgivet i 1858
Anatomi
Lærebøger

Gray's Anatomy


L'attaque dans le métro de New York du 12 avril 2022 est survenue le matin, lorsque plusieurs personnes ont été blessées par balle dans le métro de New York à Brooklyn. Un suspect est appréhendé le 13 avril 2022.

Contexte
Avant cette fusillade, une augmentation de la violence dans le métro a contraint le maire Eric Adams de déployer des policiers supplémentaires dans les stations et dans les rames. Les signalements d'agressions et d'autres crimes majeurs survenus dans le métro ont augmenté tout au long de la pandémie de COVID-19, lorsque le nombre est ensuite ajusté en fonction du nombre d'usagers en semaine.

Fusillade
Vers  le 12 avril 2022, plusieurs personnes ont été blessées par balle dans un train de la ligne N en direction de Manhattan, au nord, à , un quartier de l'arrondissement de Brooklyn. L'agresseur a mis un masque à gaz, a lancé des bombes fumigènes sur le sol dans un train et a ouvert le feu alors que le train s'approchait de la station 36th Street avant de s'enfuir. Lorsque le train s'est arrêté à la gare de la 36e rue, les passagers blessés ont débarqué sur le quai. La police a été appelée au poste à .

Le FDNY est arrivé à la station, répondant initialement aux informations faisant état de fumée dans la gare. À leur arrivée, ils ont trouvé les blessés et récupéré "plusieurs engins non explosés".

Victimes
Le FDNY, lors d'une conférence de presse le matin du 12 avril, a déclaré qu'il y avait seize personnes blessées, dont dix avec des blessures par balle, dont cinq sont dans un état critique mais stable. Certains des blessés ont sauté dans un autre train pour fuir la zone et obtenir de l'aide à la gare suivante, 25th Street. Au moins quatre victimes ont été retrouvées à la station de la 36e rue. Un autre a été trouvé à la station de la 25e rue. Les personnes qui n'ont pas été blessées par des coups de feu ont été blessées par la réponse de la foule alors qu'elles fuyaient les lieux.

Enquête
Le commissaire du NYPD, , a déclaré que l'incident ne faisait actuellement pas l'objet d'une enquête en tant qu'attaque terroriste, mais n'a pas exclu cette hypothèse, affirmant que l'attaque faisait l'objet d'une enquête. Les enquêteurs du FBI et du HSI étaient sur les lieux avec le NYPD.

Suspect
Le suspect – qui a été décrit comme un homme noir, mesurant 1 mètre 65 et pesant de 79 à 81 kilogrammes, portant un masque à gaz, un uniforme MTA, un sweat à capuche gris en plus du gilet vert et portant un sac à dos, a fui les lieux, et n'a pas encore été appréhendé. À la suite des rapports selon lesquels le suspect aurait pu s'enfuir sur les voies du métro, les agents du NYPD ont fouillé les tunnels. Les forces de l'ordre pensent que le suspect a agi seul dans l'orchestration de l'attaque.

Le suspect de la fusillade est un utilisateur prolifique des médias sociaux, téléchargeant régulièrement de longues diatribes souvent racistes sur YouTube et Facebook dans lesquelles il aborde une gamme de sujets allant de l'état des relations raciales aux États-Unis à la politique du maire de New York, Eric Adams. Dans ses vidéos, James s'insurge souvent contre de nombreux groupes raciaux et ethniques, notamment les Blancs, les asiatiques, les Juifs et les Latinos, ainsi que les femmes noires.(il reproche par exemple a une juge noire de la cour suprême d'avoir un mari blanc) Il laisse entendre qu'une guerre raciale entre Blancs et Noirs est imminente. Dans une vidéo, il appelle le 11 septembre 2001 « le plus beau jour de l'histoire de ce pays ». Il épouse souvent les idéaux nationalistes noirs et appelant à la création d'un ethno-État noir ce qui ne l'empêche pas en même temps de dénigrer les Noirs éduqués et les femmes noires éminentes Le suspect, Frank R. James, avait publié sur les réseaux sociaux des informations liées aux idéologies extrémistes de l'identité noire, notamment Nation of Islam, les Black Panthers, Black Liberation Army, Black Lives Matter et une image du tueur de policiers nationaliste noir Micah Johnson. Il est poursuivi pour « attaque terroriste ».

Conséquences
Les écoles voisines de Brooklyn ont reçu un ordre d'abri sur place. La Metropolitan Transportation Authority a publié une déclaration à  indiquant que le service sur les trains D, N et R était suspendu dans certaines gares de Brooklyn et de Lower Manhattan. Par mesure de précaution, les forces de l'ordre ont renforcé la sécurité dans les centres de transit régionaux.

Réactions
Le président Joe Biden a été informé de la fusillade. Un porte-parole du maire Eric Adams a appelé les new-yorkais à « rester à l'écart de cette zone pour leur sécurité et pour que les premiers intervenants puissent aider les personnes dans le besoin et enquêter ». Eric Adams, qui s'isolait après avoir été testé positif au COVID-19, surveillait la situation.

Notes et références

Avril 2022 aux États-Unis
2022 à New York
Fusillade aux États-Unis
Criminalité à New York

Attaque dans le métro de New York en 2022


La  est l'une des deux circonscriptions législatives que compte la préfecture de Yamanashi au Japon. Cette circonscription comptait  électeurs en date du .

Description géographique

Depuis la réforme électorale de 2013, la première circonscription de la préfecture de Yamanashi regroupe les villes de Kōfu, Nirasaki, Minami-Alps, Hokuto, Kai et Chūō ainsi que les districts de Nishiyatsushiro, Minamikoma et Nakakoma.

Députés

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Chambre des représentants du Japon

Circonscription législative au Japon

Première circonscription de la préfecture de Yamanashi


Odir Antonio Dellagostin é médico veterinário, professor e cientista brasileiro, especializado na área de Biologia Molecular, com atuação no desenvolvimento de vacinas recombinantes para uso veterinário.

Graduou-se em Medicina Veterinária pela Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel, em 1989, obteve seu doutorado, em 1995, e pós-doutorado, em 1997, ambos em Biologia Molecular pela University of Surrey, da Inglaterra. É pesquisador nível 1A do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq, desde 2007.

Carreira Acadêmica e Atuação
Odir Dellagostin é professor titular da UFPel desde julho de 1997. Foi Pró-Reitor de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação na universidade, de 2003 a 2005.

Foi coordenador da área de Biotecnologia da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES, de 2014 a 2018.  Foi membro da Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança - CTNBio, do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovações - MCTI, de 2011 a 2014, e atualmente exerce o segundo mandato na Comissão (2021-2023).

Em setembro de 2016, foi eleito presidente da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS. Em maio de 2019, tornou- se membro titular da Academia Brasileira de Ciências - ABC. Em setembro de 2019, foi reeleito para a presidência da FAPERGS para novo mandato de três anos.

Em dezembro de 2020, assumiu a presidência do Conselho Nacional das Fundações Estaduais de Amparo à Pesquisa - CONFAP, após a saída do então presidente, Fábio Guedes Gomes. Em maio de 2021, após nova eleição, foi eleito presidente do CONFAP, para um mandato de três anos.

Prêmios
Em 2003, recebeu o Prêmio SBM de Mérito Científico em Medicina Veterinária, concedido pela Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia. Em 2011, recebeu o Prêmio MERCOSUL de Ciência e Tecnologia - Menção Honrosa, concedido pela UNESCO., e o Prêmio Pesquisador Gaúcho 2011, na área de Ciências Agrárias, concedido pela FAPERGS.

Ciência
Membros da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

Odir Dellagostin


Yoshio Furukawa (født 5. juli 1934) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

|-
|1956||3||0
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|1957||0||0
|-
|1958||3||0
|-
|1959||10||0
|-
|1960||0||0
|-
|1961||1||0
|-
|1962||2||0
|-
!Total||19||0
|}

Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yoshio Furukawa


වේල්ස් කුමරිය වන ඩයනා (උපත ඩයනා ෆ්‍රැන්සිස් ස්පෙන්සර්; 1961 ජූලි 1 සිට 1997 අගෝස්තු 31 දක්වා) බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය රාජකීය පවුලේ සාමාජිකයෙකි. ඇය බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය සිංහාසනයේ උරුමක්කාරයා වන වේල්ස් කුමරුගේ චාල්ස්ගේ පළමු බිරිඳ වූ අතර විලියම් කුමරුගේ සහ හැරී කුමරුගේ මව විය. ඩයනාගේ ක්‍රියාකාරිත්වය හා උත්කර්ෂවත් බව නිසා ඇය ජාත්‍යන්තර නිරූපිකාවක් බවට පත් වූ අතර ඇයගේ නොනවතින ජනප්‍රියත්වය මෙන්ම පෙර නොවූ විරූ මහජන විමර්ෂණයක් ද ලබා ගත් අතර එය ඇගේ කැළඹිලි සහිත පෞද්ගලික ජීවිතය උග්‍ර කළේය.

ඩයනා බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය වංශාධිපතියෙකු ලෙස උපත ලැබූ අතර ඔවුන්ගේ සැන්ඩ්‍රින්හැම් වතුයායේ රාජකීය පවුලට සමීපව හැදී වැඩුණි. ජෝන් ස්පෙන්සර්, 8 වන අර්ල් ස්පෙන්සර් සහ ෆ්‍රැන්සිස් ෂැන්ඩ් කිඩ්ගේ බාල දියණිය වන ඇය 1967 දී දික්කසාද වීමෙන් දැඩි ලෙස පීඩාවට පත් වූවාය. 1978 දී ඇය ලන්ඩනයට සංක්‍රමණය වූ අතර එහිදී ඇය පැතලි මිතුරන් සමඟ ජීවත් වූ අතර විවිධ අඩු වැටුප් සහිත රැකියාවන්හි නිරත වූවාය.

දෙවන එලිසබෙත් රැජිනගේ වැඩිමහල් පුත් චාල්ස් කුමරු සමඟ කෙටි විවාහයකින් පසු 1981 දී ඩයනා ප්‍රසිද්ධියට පත්විය. ඔවුන්ගේ විවාහය 1981 දී ශාන්ත පාවුළු ආසන දෙව්මැදුරේදී සිදු වූ අතර ඇයව වේල්ස් කුමරිය බවට පත් කළාය. මෙම යුවළට පුතුන් දෙදෙනෙක් සිටියහ. විලියම් කුමරු සහ හැරී කුමරු ය. ඔවුන් බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය සිංහාසනයට අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා ලෙස දෙවන හා තෙවන විය. කෙසේවෙතත්, ඩයනා චාල්ස් සමඟ විවාහ වූයේ ඔවුන්ගේ නොගැලපීම හා අවිවාහක කටයුතු නිසාය. ඔවුන්ගේ සම්බන්ධතාවය බිඳවැටීම මහජන දැනුම බවට පත්වූ විගස 1992 දී ඔවුන් වෙන් විය. ඔවුන්ගේ විවාහ දුෂ්කරතා පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු වැඩි වැඩියෙන් ප්‍රසිද්ධියට පත් වූ අතර 1996 දී දික්කසාදයෙන් විවාහය අවසන් විය.

වේල්ස් කුමරිය ලෙස ඩයනා රැජින වෙනුවෙන් රාජකීය රාජකාරි භාරගත් අතර පොදුරාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩලීය ක්ෂේත්‍රයන්හි උත්සව සඳහා ඇය නියෝජනය කළාය. පුණ්‍ය කටයුතු සඳහා සාම්ප්‍රදායික නොවන ප්‍රවේශය නිසා ඇය මාධ්‍ය තුළ සමරනු ලැබීය. ඇයගේ අනුග්‍රහය මුලින් ළමයින් හා තරුණයින් කේන්ද්‍රගත වූ නමුත් පසුව ඇය ඒඩ්ස් රෝගීන් සමඟ සම්බන්ධ වීම සහ බිම් බෝම්බ ඉවත් කිරීමේ ව්‍යාපාරයට ප්‍රසිද්ධියක් උසුලයි. ඇය දැනුවත් කිරීම සහ පිළිකා සහ මානසික රෝගවලින් පීඩා විඳි පුද්ගලයින්ට උපකාර කළ හැකි ක්‍රම පිළිබඳව උපදෙස් ලබා දුන්නාය. කුමරිය ලෙස, ඩයනා මුලින් ඇගේ ලැජ්ජාව නිසා ප්‍රසිද්ධියට පත් වූ නමුත් ඇගේ චමත්කාරය සහ මිත්‍රත්වය ඇයව මහජනයා අතරට ගෙන ගිය අතර ඇගේ කීර්තිනාමය ඇගේ විවාහයේ දරුණු බිඳවැටීමෙන් බේරීමට උපකාරී විය. ඉතා ඡායාරූපජනක යැයි සැලකෙන ඇය 1980 සහ 1990 දශකවල විලාසිතා නායිකාවකි. 1997 දී පැරිස් උමගක සිදුවූ රිය අනතුරකින් සහ පසුව රූපවාහිනියෙන් විකාශනය වූ අවමංගල්‍යයකදී ඇයගේ මරණයෙන් පසු මාධ්‍ය අවධානය සහ මහජන ශෝකය පුළුල් විය. ඇගේ උරුමය රාජකීය පවුලට හා බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය සමාජයට ගැඹුරු බලපෑමක් ඇති කර තිබේ.

1961 උපත්
1997 මරණ
බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය රාජකීයයන්

ඩයනා, වේල්සයෙහි කුමරිය


Brejo Grande es un municipio brasileño localizado en el extremo nordeste del estado de Sergipe, en zona de planicies litoraleñas, a la vera del río São Francisco.

El 2 de octubre de 1926 fue separado de Villa Nueva y elevado a la categoría de ciudad, con la denominación de Sao Francisco; en 1943 pasó a llamarse Parapitinga y en 1954 paso a denominarse Brejo Grande.

Geografía
El municipio tiene uno de los menores IDH del Brasil y el 3° menor del Estado. Posee una temperatura media anual de 26 °C y una precipitación media de lluvias de 1200mm/año.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Sergipe

Brejo Grande


Bounty er et britisk bilmærke.

Historie
I 1999 grundlagde Mel Hubbard firmaet Manxbuggies i Dartford i grevskabet Kent. Firmaet startede med at fremstille biler og kits under varemærker såsom Bounty og Manx. Senere flyttede firmaet til Wisbech, Cambridgeshire. Fra 2003 fortsatte East Coast Manx fra Uppingham, Rutland produktionen under ledelse af Rob Kilham. I 2007 flyttede firmaet igen, denne gang til King's Lynn i Norfolk.

Modeller
Mærkets eneste model hedder Hunter, og er i alt blevet produceret i 8 eksemplarer. Denne VW-Buggy kan spores tilbage til en konstruktion af Brian Dries, som blev fremstillet i Californien mellem 1969 og 1971. Modellen er bygget på platformen fra Volkswagen Type 1, som er afkortet 37 cm.

Litteratur
 Steve Hole: A–Z of Kit Cars. The definitive encyclopaedia of the UK's kit-car industry since 1949. Haynes Publishing, Sparkford 2012, , side 41 (på engelsk).

Eksterne henvisninger
 East Coast Manx (på engelsk)

Bilmærker
Bilproducenter fra Storbritannien
Etableret i 1999

Bounty (bilmærke)


WU, W.U. or wu (as an abbreviation) may stand for:

Universities
 University of Warsaw, Poland
 Washburn University, Kansas, US
 Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, US
 Waynesburg University, Pennsylvania, US
 Webster University, Missouri, US
 Wilberforce University, Ohio, US
 Willamette University, Oregon, US
 Wilmington University, Delaware, US
 Winthrop University, South Carolina, US
 Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Austria
 Wittenberg University, Ohio, US

Other uses
 Weather Underground, a radical group active in the 1970s in the US
 Weather Underground (weather service)
 Western Union (alliance), a European alliance existing created in 1948
 Western Union, an American financial services and communications company
 Windows Update, a service which updates software on computers running Microsoft operating systems
 Women Unite, a vocal and percussion group consisting of eight South African women
 Work unit, a name given to a place of employment in the People's Republic of China
 Worms United, in the Worms series of artillery strategy computer games
 Power Jets WU, a series of experimental jet engines tested in the 1930s

See also
 Wu (disambiguation)
 UW (disambiguation)
 Uwu (disambiguation)

WU


Političko komuniciranje kao fenomen prisutno je kroz povijest civilizacije od najranijih dana organiziranoga kolektivnog čovjekova života kao «zoon politicona». Vremenom razvojem novih komunikacijskih kanala mijenjalo se i samo političko komuniciranje. Pojamu se u definiranju pristupa na različite načine s obzirom na politički susutav, političke i znanstvene poglede pojedinih autora koje istražuju ovaj politički i komunikacijski fenomen.

Definicije političkog komuniciranja
Američki znanstvenici R. Denton i G. Woodward definiraju političko komuniciranje kao "javnu raspravu o određivanju izvora javnosti (prihodi), službeni autoritet (kome su date ovlasti da napravi legalne, zakonodavne i izvršne odluke) i službene sankcije (što država nagrađuje ili kažnjava)". Profesor B. McNair sa sveučilišta u Stirlingu ukazuje da se političko komuniciranje odnosi na "svrhovitu komunikaciju u politici". C. A. Smith ističe da "politička komunikacija nije samo vladina komunikacija. Kada gledate vijesti, čitate političku naljepnicu na automobilu, smijete se političkoj šali, razmatrate sukobljene političke stavove ili izjavite nešto da nije pravo, vi se uključujete u političku komunikaciju". Prvo morate razumjeti prirodu ljudske komunikacije. Samo se tada možete, prema Smithu, znalački okrenuti uporabi komunikacije u političkoj aktivnosti. Profesor komunikacija na sveučilištu u Sjevernoj Karolini Murray J. Edelman shvaća političko komuniciranje kao spektakl, te kao svjesnu ili podsvjesnu konstrukciju "imidža", problema i suprotstavljanja. U Edelmanovoj knjizi Konstrukcija političkog spektakla spektakl je "neprekinuto izvješćivanje o novostima, stalno konstruiranje i rekonstruiranje društvenih problema, kriza, neprijatelja i vođa i time stvaranje uzastopnog niza prijetnji i nada".

R. M. Perloff, profesor komunikacija sa Sveučilišta Cleveland političku komunikaciju definirana kao proces pomoću kojeg nacionalno vodstvo, mediji i građani izmjenjuju i daju poruke koje se odnose na provedbu javne politike. U Političkom marketingu Z. Slavujević navodi da "političko komuniciranje čine procesi razmjene različitih političkih sadržaja u trokutu: vlast – mediji - javno mišljenje, odnosno između tri skupine aktera: političara, novinara i građana. Ono predstavlja najopćiji pojam jer obuhvaća sve vidove komuniciranja bez obzira na oblik vlasti i društvene i političke uvjete u kojima se odvija razmjena političkih sadržaja, bez obzira na oblike u kojima se pojavljuju sadržaji i sredstva koja se tom prigodom koriste".

Za profesora Z. Tomića sa Sveučilišta u Mostaru "politička komunikacija je međusobni/interaktivni proces razmjene političkih sadržaja između različitih političkih aktera, za/u vrijeme političkog (izbornog) mandata ili izbora, putem komunikacijskih kanala (medija), a u svrhu postizanja određenih učinaka. Ovakvu definiciju Tomić raščlanjuje na sljedeći način: Politička komunikacija je: 1. međusobni/interaktivni (dvosmjerna komunikacija, "feedback") proces; 2.  razmjena političkih sadržaja (programa, odluka, zakona, ideja, stavova, interesa itd.); 3. između različitih političkih aktera (građana, vlada, političkih stranaka, javnih i međunarodnih organizacija, skupina za pritisak, terorističkih organizacija, društvenih i revolucionarnih pokreta i dr.); 4. za/u vrijeme političkog (izbornog) mandata, (izbora, mira, stabilnosti, kriza, rata, faze konstituiranja poslijeratne države itd.); 5. putem komunikacijskih kanala (radija, televizije, tiska, osobnih kontakata, plakata, interneta i dr.); 6. a u svrhu postizanja određenih učinaka (povjerenja, naklonosti, ponašanja, djelovanja, potpore, "imidža", ponovnog izbora itd.)".

Akteri političke komunikacije
Političko djelovanje koncipira se i ostvaruje kroz aktere (elemente) političke komunikacije. U aktere političke komunikacije B. McNair ubraja:

 političke organizacije (političke stranke, javne organizacije, skupine za pritisak, terorističke organizacije, vlade i dr.)
 medije
 građane

Politika

Političko komuniciranje