Trinity University is a private liberal arts college in San Antonio, Texas. Founded in 1869, its student body consists of about 2,600 undergraduate and 200 graduate students. Trinity offers 49 majors and 61 minors among six degree programs, and has an endowment of $1.725 billion.

Trinity is a member institution of the Annapolis Group, a consortium of national independent colleges that share a commitment to liberal arts values and education, and the Associated Colleges of the South, 16 southern liberal arts colleges that collaborate on staff and curricular enhancements.

History

Cumberland Presbyterians founded Trinity in 1869 in Tehuacana, Texas,  from the remnants of three small Cumberland Presbyterian colleges that had lost significant enrollment during the Civil War. John Boyd, who had served in the Congress of the Republic of Texas from 1836 to 1845 and in the Texas Senate from 1862 to 1863, donated 1,100 acres of land and financial assistance to establish the new university.

Believing that the school needed the support of a larger community, the university moved in 1902 to Waxahachie, Texas. In 1906, the university, along with many Cumberland Presbyterian churches, affiliated with the United Presbyterian Church. The Stock Market Crash of 1929, however, severely hindered the university's growth. Enrollment declined sharply, indebtedness and faculty attrition mounted, and trustees began using endowment funds to maintain daily operations. Consequently, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools placed Trinity's accreditation status on probation in 1936, jeopardizing its future. Once again, its leaders began to consider relocation to a larger community to improve the university's viability.

Meanwhile, in 1942, the Methodist-affiliated University of San Antonio was failing. San Antonio community leaders, who wished to maintain a Protestant-affiliated college in the city, approached Trinity with a relocation offer. The university left Waxahachie and took over the campus and alumni of the University of San Antonio. (The old Waxahachie campus is currently home to Southwestern Assemblies of God University). For the next decade, the Woodlawn campus, on the city's near-west side, was Trinity's home while it developed a permanent home. Lacking adequate facilities, the university functioned by using military barracks and quonset huts to house students and to provide library and classroom space.

In 1945, Trinity acquired a former limestone quarry for a new campus and hired Texas architect O'Neil Ford to design a master plan and many of the buildings. Construction began in 1950, and the current campus opened in 1952.

When it moved, the campus was largely undeveloped (one classroom building, one dorm, and a nearly empty library were the only completed buildings). Yet, under the leadership of James W. Laurie, the university's 14th president, Trinity took advantage of its new location in a rapidly growing major urban center to grow in academic stature.  Laurie was responsible for drastically increasing Trinity's endowment, largely funded by the James A. and Leta M. Chapman Charitable Trust of Tulsa, Oklahoma.  The stronger endowment allowed Trinity to construct a new, modern campus on its "University on the Hill" location and to increase the quality and range of its faculty while maintaining a high faculty to student ratio. In 1969, Trinity entered into a covenant agreement with the regional synod of the Presbyterian Church (USA) that affirmed historical connections, but transformed Trinity into a private, independent university with a self-perpetuating board of trustees. The campus continues to be a "historically connected" member of the Association of Presbyterian Colleges and Universities.

Trinity's growth continued under Ronald Calgaard, who followed Laurie's successor, Duncan Wimpress. Under Calgaard, the university implemented a number of changes to raise its profile. For example, Trinity transformed into a residential undergraduate school, requiring all freshmen to live on campus and cutting the number of master's programs offered from more than 20 to four. Also, Trinity decreased its student population from about 3,300 to 3,000 (and eventually to 2,700), increased merit scholarships, increased the focus on national student recruitment, and began scheduling a strong series of speakers and cultural events open to the public.

Calgaard's successor, John R. Brazil, focused on replacing outdated campus buildings and improving the school's financial resources.  The "Campaign for Trinity University", which launched in September 2005, sought to raise US$200 million for a variety of purposes.  At its conclusion on September 25, 2009, the campaign raised $205.9 million, surpassing the original goal. Brazil served as Trinity's president through January 2010. Upon announcement of his retirement, the board of trustees awarded him its Distinguished Service Award, Trinity's most prestigious honor.

Dennis A. Ahlburg served as president from January 2010 to January 2015. During Ahlburg's presidency, Trinity developed and executed a strategic plan to shape the future of the university. Academically, Trinity refined its curriculum to further define a liberal arts education, developed an entrepreneurship program, and realigned the business program.  Trinity also refocused its marketing to raise the university's national profile. Finally, under Ahlburg, Trinity built the Center for Sciences and Innovation, which modernized and combined science facilities to ease collaboration across disciplines.

Danny J. Anderson, a Latin American literature scholar and dean of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Kansas, succeeded Ahlburg as president in May 2015, serving until May 31, 2022.  During his tenure, improvements included the construction of Dicke Hall, home for Humanities studies; transformation of the Halsell Center into a modern learning environment, and creation of the Michael Neidorff School of Business, an AACSB-accredited undergraduate business school.  The school was named a National Historic District during Anderson's tenure.  Anderson also implemented several initiatives aimed at increasing the school's inclusivity, and by the end of his term 40% of Trinity's student body came from underrepresented backgrounds.

Vanessa Beasley, former vice provost for academic affairs, dean of residential faculty, and associate professor of communication studies at Vanderbilt University was named Anderson's successor on May 31, 2022.  She will be the first female to lead Trinity and began her term at the beginning of the 2022–23 school year. Megan Mustain, provost and vice president for academic affairs, was interim president until then.

Campus
Trinity overlooks downtown San Antonio and is adjacent to the Monte Vista Historic District and just south of the cities of Olmos Park and Alamo Heights. The  Skyline Campus, the university's fourth location, is noted for its distinctive red-brick architecture and well-maintained grounds, modeled after an Italian village, by late architect O'Neil Ford.

Sustainability
The environmental movement at Trinity is known as Red Bricks, Green Campus. Trinity is a member of the Presidents' Climate Commitment and is actively working toward carbon neutrality. Trinity was ranked fifth in the RecycleMania Challenge. Students pushed for fair-trade options, and now all coffee sold at the university is certified fair trade. In 2011, Trinity University scored a B− on the College Sustainability Report Card, also known as the Green Report Card.

Miller Residence Hall, home to first-year students at Trinity University, was renovated and updated in 2010, earning gold Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification by the U.S. Green Building Council in the process. In addition, Calvert Hall, the Thomas-Lightner complex, and The Center for the Sciences and Innovation have been registered with the Green Building Council's LEED program and are awaiting certification.

Strategic plan
In 2011, Trinity undertook the development of a comprehensive 10-year strategic plan, Trinity Tomorrow, to ensure the long-term sustainability of the university. The board of trustees approved the plan in May 2013, which details four strategic objectives:
Strengthen opportunities for experiential learning
Foster productive collisions as a defining characteristic
Enhance students international engagement and awareness
Maximize the educational and personal benefits of a residential liberal arts university

and four foundations to achieve them:
Strengthen market position and improve student recruitment
Be an innovative leader for excellence in teaching and research
Improve alumni relations, engagement, and giving
Build the infrastructure to support a 21st-century university

Administrators have begun enacting the details of the plan with positive outcomes. Among other highlights, Trinity:
adopted a new curriculum
increased its marketing locally and nationally
launched centers to focus on college success, experiential learning and career preparedness, and international citizenship and
launched the Tiger Network to increase access to campus events via the Internet

Notable buildings and structures

 The  tall Murchison Tower is the most dominant landmark on the campus, designed, as many other buildings on campus, by O'Neil Ford, who also designed San Antonio landmark the Tower of the Americas a few years later based on this design. It was previously the highest point in San Antonio. The tower is now lit at night (excepting evenings when the lighting interferes with on-campus astronomical observances), a tradition begun on September 22, 2002, to commemorate Trinity's 60th anniversary in San Antonio.

 Laurie Auditorium seats 2,865 and hosts both campus and community events. The university has many lecture series, such as the high-profile Trinity Distinguished Lecture Series, Stieren Arts Enrichment Series, Nobel Economists Lecture Series, and Flora Cameron Lecture on Politics and Public Affairs.

 The  Elizabeth Huth Coates Library houses more than 1 million books and bound periodical volumes. The library, an advanced facility for a school of Trinity's size, also houses over 200,000 volumes of government documents, over 1.3 million microforms, over 65,000 media items, and maintains 2,400 periodical subscriptions and access to over 20,000 electronic periodicals. The library's annual acquisition budget is over US$1.8 million.
 In 2006, the Ruth Taylor Fine Arts Center, consisting of the Jim and Janet Dicke Art Building, the Campbell and Eloise Smith Music Building, and the Ruth Taylor Recital Hall was substantially renovated under the guidance of Kell Muñoz Architects, providing 20,000 additional square feet of space. The building subsequently won a merit award for design from the City of San Antonio in 2008.

The Center for Sciences and Innovation (CSI), completed in 2014, modernized the university's science, engineering, and laboratory facilities and helped ease collaboration across disciplines. Renovations to connect existing buildings allow for a 300,000 square-foot science facility. The complex, certified LEED Gold, features a rooftop observatory, a living "green" roof and rooftop greenhouse, and an open-air innovation and design studio. The new building helped Trinity earn a top-five ranking in the Princeton Review for best science lab facilities.
 The Margarite B. Parker Chapel seats six hundred and is known for its large Hofmann-Ballard pipe organ, the largest pipe organ in South Texas, comprising 5 divisions, 102 stops, 112 ranks, and over 6,000 pipes. A state-of-the-art four-manual console was installed in summer 2007, with the aid of the university's Calvert Trust Fund. Non-denominational services are led by the campus chaplain Sunday evenings.
 In the Fall 2022, Trinity opened its latest building, Dicke Hall, which houses the Humanities Collective, the English Department, and the Religion Department.  The building is 3 stories with 40,000 square feet, 6 classrooms, and 1 lecture hall. It was designed by the San Antonio architectural firm Lake Flato using a mass-timber structural system also known as Engineered wood.

Academics and rankings

As defined by the Carnegie Foundation's classification, Trinity University is a small, highly residential university with a majority of enrollments coming from undergraduate students. The full-time, four-year undergraduate program is classified as "more selective, lower transfer-in" and has an arts and sciences focus with some graduate student coexistence. Trinity is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Full-time undergraduate tuition is $44,680 for the 2019–20 academic year; room and board are an additional $13,584.

Academics
Trinity offers 47 majors and 59 minors in the traditional liberal arts, business, sciences, fine arts, and engineering, and graduate programs in accounting, teaching, school psychology, school administration, and health care administration and is the only university in San Antonio to offer a minor in creative writing. Trinity stresses close interaction between students and faculty members across all disciplines, with a 9:1 student/faculty ratio. The full-time faculty numbers 228, 98% of whom hold a Ph.D. or other terminal degree in their field.  About 47% of the student body has studied abroad in over 35 countries.

Its most popular undergraduate majors, based on 2021 graduates, were:
Research and Experimental Psychology (47)
Accounting (34)
Computer and Information Sciences (30)
Neuroscience (28)
Engineering Science
Finance (27)
Economics (27)

All undergraduates must demonstrate proficiency across a broad range of academic disciplines, regardless of major. At its core, the Common Curriculum provides the liberal arts foundation for all undergraduate degrees awarded by Trinity. The Common Curriculum consists of the following components:

The First-Year Experience (FYE) Program
Starting in fall 2015, all first-year students must complete a 6-credit hour course in their first semester that meets five days a week. The FYE consists of a writing workshop, discussion seminar, and a common day where everyone from the different sections meet for guest speakers, student conferences, or library sessions to assist students in the research process.

Foreign Language, Computer, and Mathematics Skills
Foreign Languages
Trinity students must reach a minimum level of competence corresponding to that attained after successful completion of the first semester of the second year of college foreign language study. An international baccalaureate course at higher level with a 6 or 7 or an AP language test score of 3 or higher will suffice in most cases.
Computer Skills
Students must be able to use computers to collect, organize, analyze and communicate information in an academic environment. Students who do not pass a test demonstrating these competencies must fulfill this requirement by completing an approved course built around these criteria.
Mathematics
Trinity requires completion of three years of high school mathematics, including either trigonometry or precalculus, for admission as a first-year student. While there is no further requirement, all students are urged to undertake further study of mathematics at Trinity.

40 percent of students attend graduate school immediately after earning their bachelor's, and 65 percent of all students attend within five years of graduation.

An analysis by the Office of Institutional Research indicated that Trinity has made considerable progress in the number of graduates going on to earn doctoral degrees. Of students earning a bachelor's between 1982 and 1986, 2.9% went on to earn doctorates; of those earning a bachelor's between 1997 and 2001, 8.5% had. Trinity improved its ranking in this category from 328th to 38th among other colleges and universities.

Rankings

Trinity was ranked 1st overall in the West in U.S. News & World Report's 2021 "Regional University" rankings, 2nd for "Best Value", tied for 3rd for "Best Undergraduate Teaching", tied for 8th for "Most Innovative", and tied for 117th for "Top Performers on Social Mobility". Its undergraduate engineering program was ranked tied for 33rd out of 220 schools in the U.S. where doctorates are not offered.
Washington Monthly ranked Trinity 7th out of 614 master's universities in 2020 for "promoting the public good," based on social mobility, research, and civic engagement.
Kiplinger's Personal Finance places Trinity 37th in its 2019 ranking of 177 best value private universities in the United States.
Forbes ranks Trinity 110th nationally in its 2021 rankings of 650 colleges and universities. Forbes evaluates a college investment from a consumer perspective, focusing on the quality of teaching, career prospects, graduation rates, and levels of debt at graduation.
The Princeton Review recognized Trinity in its 2017 edition of The Best 381 Colleges, its annual college guide, and has been featured in the guide since its first publication.

Student body and admissions

Trinity's 2,582 undergraduate students come from 49 U.S. states plus 48 countries. Students of color account for 38.9 percent of undergraduate students. 72 percent of the undergraduate student body is from Texas; the next six states represented are California, Colorado, Louisiana, Arizona, and Missouri/Oregon.

The admissions office received 9,626 applications for the class of 2025 and accepted 34%.  Test scores for the enrolled class of 2025 were 1300-1450 for the SAT and 29-33 for the ACT and 78 percent ranked in the top 20% of their high school graduating class.

Approximately 98 percent of the student body receives financial aid.

Student life

Greek life

Trinity hosts fourteen Greek organizations, seven fraternities and seven sororities. U.S. News & World Report estimates that 14% of men and 19% of women were members, or about 17% of total undergraduate enrollment. The current fraternities and sororities are as follows:

Fraternities:
 Bengal Lancers
 Chi Delta Tau
 Iota Chi Rho
 Kappa Kappa Delta
 Omega Phi
 Phi Sigma Chi
 Triniteers

Sororities:
 Alpha Chi Lambda
 Chi Beta Epsilon
 Gamma Chi Delta
 Phi Delta Kappa
 Sigma Theta Tau
 Spurs
 Zeta Chi

On occasion, fraternities and sororities have been mired in conflict at Trinity. In 1991, the New York Times reported that Trinity had discontinued campus Greek organizations right to pledge new members as a result of being in violation of the university's alcohol use policy. In 2012, two fraternities and two sororities had their charters temporarily revoked for hazing violations. These violations were said to have taken place over many years.

Activities

Student media

Trinity's radio station, KRTU-FM, broadcasts jazz during the day, and indie rock overnight. TigerTV serves as the campus TV station.  In addition to movies, the channel broadcasts three main shows: Newswave, Studio 21, and the Not So Late Show. The Trinitonian has been the weekly campus newspaper for 103 years, and has a print circulation of 2,500.

Athletics

The Trinity Tigers is the nickname for the sports teams of Trinity University. They participate in the NCAA's Division III and the Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference (SCAC).  The school mascot is LeeRoy, a Bengal tiger.  In the 1950s, LeeRoy was an actual tiger who was brought to sporting events, but today LeeRoy is portrayed by a student wearing a tiger suit.

Trinity fields strong teams, evidenced by its finishes in the National Association of Collegiate Directors of Athletics (NACDA) Learfield Directors' Cup, which recognizes the strength of athletic programs by division. Since the Directors' Cup inception in 1995, Trinity has finished in the top 10 on five occasions out of over 400 Division Ill programs; it finished 31st in 2017–18.

Trinity has historically had a strong tennis program. In 1963, Al G. Hill, Jr, grandson of oilman H L Hunt, entered as a Freshman Tennis Player.  When he graduated in 1967 as Tiger Captain, the College Tennis Courts were named after him. Under the tutelage of Coach Clarence Mabry, Trinity Player Chuck McKinley won the Wimbledon Singles Championship in 1963 and was rated the #1 men's Singles Player in the World. With partner Dennis Ralston, McKinley won the US Men's Doubles Championship in 1961, 1963, and 1964. McKinley and Ralston also played all of the matches while winning the Davis Cup for the US in 1963.  All of these accomplishments occurred while McKinley was a Trinity undergraduate.

In 1970, as a freshman at Trinity, Brian Gottfried won the USTA boys 18s Singles Championship, as well as the Doubles Championship with Alexander Mayer. In 1972 Trinity won the NCAA Division I Men's Tennis Championship. The Tiger Captain that year, Dick Stockton, won the NCAA Men's Singles Championship. The Women's Team won the NCAA Collegiate National championship in 1968, 1969, 1973, 1975, and 1976. As recently as 2000, the men's and women's programs each won NCAA Division III National Championships.

In the 2007 Trinity v. Millsaps football game on October 27, 2007, trailing by two points with two seconds left, the Tigers used 15 laterals covering 60 yards for a touchdown to give Trinity the win as time expired.  The unlikely play was named the top sports moment of the year by Time Magazine as well as the "Game Changing Performance of the Year" by Pontiac.

In November 2015, Trinity and Austin College announced they would affiliate with the Southern Athletic Association for football in 2017. This alliance renews a relationship that ended when the SAA schools split from the SCAC. As a result, the SCAC will no longer offer football as a sport.

In May 2016, the Trinity Baseball Team won the Division III College World Series in a best-of-three format, beating Keystone College 14–6 in game 1 and 10–7 in game 2. Trinity defeated the 2015 champion, SUNY Cortland twice in the bracket rounds of the tournament en route to the championship.

Trinity also has won national championships in women's basketball (spring 2003) and men's soccer (fall 2003). Club sports include men's and women's tennis, lacrosse, water polo, fencing, ultimate frisbee, and trap and skeet.

Notable people

References

External links

Universities and colleges established in 1869
Universities and colleges in San Antonio
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Universities and colleges affiliated with the Presbyterian Church (USA)
1869 establishments in Texas
Private universities and colleges in Texas

Trinity University (Texas)


Petru Vintilă () a fost un poet, prozator și dramaturg român.

Biografie
S-a născut la Orșova în familia subofițerului Petru Vintilă și a soției sale, Maria (n. Barbeș). A urmat studii secundare la Caransebeș (absolvite în 1942) și apoi cursurile Facultății de Filologie ale Universității din București (1942-1948).

A lucrat încă din perioada studenției în presă, mai întâi ca redactor la Luptătorul bănățean (1945-1946) și apoi la Frontul plugarilor (1946-1948). După absolvirea facultății a fost redactor la Contemporanul (1948-1951), Gazeta literară (1954-1957), Luceafărul (1958-1963) și România liberă (1964-1965), apoi redactor-șef adjunct la Colocvii (1966-1968) și Satul socialist (1968-1970).

Activitatea literară
A debutat ca poet în 1939 în revista Fruncea din Timișoara cu o poezie compusă la Crușovăț și dedicată tatălui său. Debutul publicistic a avut loc în 1945 cu placheta Cinci dioptrii. Primele poezii sunt marcate de intimism adolescentin și de sentimentul istoriei.

Proza de început a lui Petru Vintilă se conformează cerințelor sociale ale regimului comunist: Aria lui Botgros (1948), Metodă nouă (1948),  romanul Orașul încercuit (1964), ce prezintă lupta comuniștilor din perioada ilegalității, și volumul Vendeta (1965) ce conține povestiri din perioada foametei de după război. În anii 1960 autorul a depus eforturi pentru a scrie o proză eliberată de dogmatism. A mai scris romane istorice: Salamandra (1949), ce evoca viața viața grea a minerilor în timpul stăpânirii habsburgice, Nepoții lui Horia (1951) etc. Romanul cronologic Eminescu (1974) reface viața poetului din documente și din mărturiile contemporanilor în peste 800 de pagini. Petru Vintilă evocă într-un mod inedit și remarcabil viața generalului Moise Groza în romanul Un soldat în căutarea patriei (1978).

Nuvela "Mărirea și decăderea Păunei Varlam" (1961), redenumită ulterior "Hiena", ce prezintă căderea unei femei sub patima banilor în anii de după cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial, în contextul instaurării regimului comunist în România, a fost ecranizată de regizorul George Cornea în filmul Patima (1975), în care rolurile principale au fost interpretate de Draga Olteanu-Matei, Gheorghe Cozorici și Emanoil Petruț. Personajul principal a fost asemănat deseori cu Mara lui Ioan Slavici.

Petru Vintilă a mai publicat, de asemenea, literatură pentru copii (Mai tare ca Sfântul (1969) și Călătorie pe planeta Zeta (1972)), reportaje realist-socialiste (Dobrogea în marș (1961), Șoseaua milionarilor (1961), Orașe fără arhive (1964)), publicistică (101 picături de cerneală (1973)) și un eseu (Milița (1972)). A scris prefețele unor ghiduri turistice, a efectuat traduceri din literatura universală și a scris scenarii de film. Petru Vintilă a obținut în două rânduri (1962 și 1974) Premiul Uniunii Scriitorilor din România.

Opera

 Poeme, Ed. Vrerea, Timișoara, 1945;
 Cinci dioptrii, versuri, Ed. Alfabet, Timișoara, 1945;
 Aria lui Botgros, povestiri, București, 1948;
 Revoltașa, nuvelă, București, 1949;
 Salamandra, București, 1949;
 Oamenii și faptele lor. Brazde în luncă, poeme, EPLA, București, 1950;
 Președinta cooperativei, București, 1950;
 Nepoții lui Horia, roman, București, 1951;
 Ion Hango și ai săi, povestire, București, 1952;
 Ciobanul care și-a pierdut oile, povestire, București, 1954;
 Oraș de provincie, nuvelă, București, 1954;
 Moștenire, nuvele, București, 1955;
 Trei povestiri, București, 1955;
 Dezertorul, București, 1956;
 Eroul necunoscut, nuvele, București, 1957;
 1907. Cincizeci de ani de atunci..., București, 1957;
 Steaua magilor, nuvele, București, 1957;
 Zodia Cutezătorului, București, 1957;
 Linia vieții, nuvele, București, 1958;
 Postul înaintat, București, 1959;
 Dobrogea în marș, București, 1961;
 Șoseaua milionarilor, reportaj, București, 1961;
 Băile Herculane, București, 1962;
 Cei 45, povestiri, București, 1962;
 Drumul dragostei, București, 1962 (1963);
 Pe scena vieții, nuvele, București, 1962;
 București - Mic îndreptar turistic, București, 1963;
 Orașe fără arhive, București, 1964;
 Orașul încercuit, roman, București, 1964;
 Trenul, nuvelă, București, 1965;
 Vendeta, nuvele, Ed. Tineretului, București, 1965;
 Mic îndreptar de comportare civilizată, București, 1967;
 Hiena și circul, povestiri, București, 1967;
 Mai tare ca Sfântul, București, 1969;
 A doua zi după război, București, 1970;
 Dansatoarea și cifrul, Ed. Militară, București, 1970;
 Ghidul turistic al elevilor, București, 1970, în colab. cu Ion Ciungu și Florian Frazzei;
 Călătorie pe planeta Zeta, București, 1972;
 Milița, eseuri, București, 1972;
 Numărătoarea inversă, roman, București, 1972;
 101 picături de cerneală, București, 1973;
 Doi vikingi și o fată, Ed. Facla, Timișoara, 1974;
 Eminescu, roman cronologic, București, 1974;
 Casa care a fugit pe ușă, teatru, București, 1975;
 Zăpezile de altădată, versuri, Ed. Cartea Românească, București, 1976;
 Șoimii au trecut Dunărea, în colab. cu Petru Vintilă jr., București, 1977;
 Un soldat în căutarea patriei, Ed. Dacia, București, 1978;
 Pictor de duminică, roman, București, 1983;
 Prima oră a dimineții, roman, București, 1983;
 Roata, roman, București, 1984;
 Muntele speranței, I-III, roman, București, 1986-1987.

Traduceri
 Hans Leberecht, Lumină la Coordi, în colaborare cu Gh. Nicolau, București, 1950. Romanul descrie organizarea primelor ferme colective din Estonia postbelică (colectivizarea) și despre lupta de clasă din mediul rural.
 J. Reabokliaci, Zorile, în colaborare cu Gh. Nicolau, București, 1950;
 Henryk Sienkiewicz, Cavalerii teutoni, I-II, în colaborare cu Dan Telemac, București, 1957;
 Igor Zabelin, O tragedie dincolo de cerul polar, I-II, în colaborare cu Margareta Roman, București, 1961.

Note

Bibliografie
 Ion Rotaru, "Petru Vintilă", în vol. O istorie a literaturii române'', vol. III: 1944-1984, Editura Minerva, București, 1987, pp. 696-698.

Nașteri în 1922
Decese în 2002
Poeți români
Prozatori români
Dramaturgi români
Oameni din Orșova

Petru Vintilă


Las enseñanzas sociales de papa Pío XII se refieren al conjunto de encíclicas, constituciones apostólicas y alocuciones de este pontífice enmarcadas en un contexto no teológico, considerando temas como la medicina, ciencias, educación, justicia social, familia y sexualidad, y trabajo.

Enseñanzas Sociales

Teología de la medicina
Pío XII emitió numerosos discursos dirigidos a los profesionales de la medicina e investigadores, destacando el documento  que compila 700 páginas de directrices específicas. Aquí, el pontífice no sólo insta a los médicos, enfermeras y obstetras, a detallar a los pacientes todos sus derechos -respetando por cierto su dignidad -, responsabilidades médicas, e implicaciones morales de las enfermedades mentales y el uso de psicofármacos, sino que además, aborda el uso de la medicina en pacientes terminales, los problemas médicos que podrían aparecer cuando se enfrentan enfermedades graves, y los derechos que tienen los familiares a tomar decisiones, aunque vayan en contra de la opinión experta de los profesionales médicos. El pontífice, adelantándose a los nuevos tiempos, fue el primero en determinar que el uso de terapias contra el dolor en pacientes terminales está justificado, incluso si dicha terapia acortaba la vida, indicando que dicha situación no era el objetivo terapéutico en sí mismo que se perseguía.

Sexualidad y conciencia

El papa Pío XII aceptó completamente el método del calendario como una forma moral de planificación familiar en dos alocuciones realizadas en 1951, aunque sólo limitado al contexto familiar. Cabe indicar sin embargo, que ya algunos católicos habían interpretado la encíclica de 1930 Casti connubii de Pío XI como un permiso moral para utilizar este método, y las reglamentaciones internas de la iglesia de 1853 y 1880 que declaraban que la abstinencia periódica era una vía moral para evitar el embarazo. Algunos historiadores consideran a estas dos alocuciones realizadas por Pío XII como la primera aceptación explícita de la iglesia de dicho método.

En su alocución destinada a las obstetras, Pío XII ofrece su interpretación de los placeres sexuales:

Para Pío XII:

Al respecto, aplica tanto a los menores como a los más adultos: «Se puede argumentar correctamente que, el verdadero significado de la independencia de los adultos es no guiarlos como a un pequeño niño».

El Concilio Vaticano II tomó como referente literal a estas citas sobre conciencia emanadas de Pío XII en el documento denominado Lumen Gentium, concluyendo que los fieles:

Desde 1993, el Magisterio de la Iglesia explícitamente ha destacado este punto de vista particular de Pío XII, citándolo como uno de los elementos del catecismo católico. Bajo este contexto sin embargo, se debe indicar que la visión moderna de la iglesia católica sobre la planificación familiar fue desarrollada en 1968 a través de la encíclica Humanae Vitae publicada por el Papa Pablo VI y en la Teología del Cuerpo de Juan Pablo II.

Teología y Ciencia

Para Pío XII, la ciencia y la religión son hermanas celestiales, constituyéndose en manifestaciones distintas de la exactitud divina, por lo que en términos generales, no es posible que se contradigan la una a la otra; en particular, y con respecto a dicha relación, su consejero -el profesor Robert Leiber- escribió: «Pío XII fue muy cuidadoso de no cerrar ninguna puerta prematuramente, siendo enérgico respecto a este punto, lamentando por cierto lo sucedido con Galileo».

Anticipándose a las plegarias realizadas por el papa Juan Pablo II en 1992, Pío XII realiza el siguiente comentario respecto a Galileo en su primera alocución realizada en 1939 para la Academia Pontificia de las Ciencias: «(...) el más audaz héroe de la investigación ... sin miedos a lo preestablecido y los riesgos a su camino, ni temor a romper los monumentos» (Pío XII, 1939, p. 34).

El pontífice mantuvo un interés cierto en los procedimientos de la Academia Pontificia de Ciencias, creado por su predecesor inmediato (Pío XI), dirigiendo sus sesiones en varias ocasiones.

La calidad científica de la Academia en la época de Pío XII fue intachable: Bohr, Planck, y Schrödinger fueron miembros en virtud del nombramiento del pontífice. De Broglie y Heisenberg fueron admitidos en 1955; mientras que el químico Bernard Pullman le dedicó parte de su libro, y más específicamente en la historia del atomismo, mencionando el interés del papa en la mecánica cuántica y la física atómica que emergió durante toda su vida:

Pullman cita un discurso, fechado el 21 de febrero de 1943, como evidencia de que Pío XII ya era consciente de la posibilidad emergente de armas nucleares.

Resulta especialmente notable que Georges Lemaitre, quien no sólo era sacerdote católico, sino que además un astrofísico y estudiante de Eddington, y el primero en proponer que el universo se originó por la explosión de un «átomo primigenio» o «huevo cósmico» o hylem (conocida actualmente como Big Bang), fuera también un miembro de la Academia Pontificia durante los días del papado de Pío XII. Gracias a Lemaitre, el pontífice estuvo bien informado respecto al desarrollo de la astrofísica moderna. Al respecto, al comentar sobre «el estado y naturaleza de la materia original», el Santo Padre reconoció que la ciencia lo declaraba como un «enigma sin solución» pero continua diciendo que «(...) parece que la ciencia contemporánea, al retroceder millones de siglos hacia atrás, haya logrado hacerse testigo de aquel "Fiat lux" primordial, cuando junto con la materia brotó de la nada un mar de luz y radiación, mientras las partículas de los elementos químicos se dividieron y renunieron en millones de galaxias» (Pío XII, 1939, p. 82).

El papa llegó a señalar que estos hechos debieran continuarse investigando, y que las teorías encontradas en dicho contexto debieran ser «(...) nuevos desarrollos y pruebas en orden a ofrecer una base segura para el razonamiento» (Pío XII, 1939, p. 82).

Evolución

En 1950, Pío XII promulga la encíclica Humani Generis, reconociendo que la evolución podría describir con exactitud los orígenes biológicos de la vida humana, pero a la misma vez criticaba a aquellos que la usaban como una religión, y que

Mientras este documento puede ser considerado como la primera ocasión en que el papa explícitamente aborda la evolución in extenso, éste no representó un cambio en la doctrina de la iglesia católica, siguiendo la lógica de lo que el cardenal John Henry Newman escribió en 1868, «(...) la teoría de Darwin, verdadera o falsa, no necesariamente es ateística; por el contrario, esta puede sugerir simplemente una idea general de la divina providencia».

Notas

Referencias

Pío XII

Enseñanzas sociales del papa Pío XII


رسالة تسبيح وتهليل هو كتاب ذات أهمية لدى البهائيين وكتاب رسالة تسبيح وتهليل سرد فيه البهاء كل أحكام البهائية في العبادات والأعياد خاصة عيد النيروز.

تقسيم الكتاب
 ميزته أنه مقسم من الداخل بعناوين وفصول عكس كتابي كتاب الإيقان والكتاب الأقدس.
 يتكون من 300صفحة, ويتكون من سبعة وأربعون موضوع متعلقة جميعها بالعبادات.
 ويتخذ البهائيين منه مصدر ودليل في عبادتهم وأعيادهم

وصلات خارجية
تسبيح وتهليل

البهائية

رسالة تسبيح وتهليل


El Peugeot 806 Runabout es un prototipo de automóvil realizado por el departamento de diseño avanzado de la marca francesa en 1997. Está inspirado en el mundo de la náutica y orientado al un consumidor muy exclusivo.

Especificaciones

 Combustible: gasolina 98
 Motor: 6 cilindros en V, 2.946
 Potencia: 191 CV a 5.500 rpm
 Par motor 267 Nm a 4.000 rpm
 Transmisión: automática de 4 velocidades
 Aceleración: 0-100 km/h 8,6 seg
 Velocidad máxima:
 Consumo combinado:
 Consumo Urbano:
 Consumo en carretera:
 Emisiones de CO2:
 Dimensiones:
 Longitud: 4.750 mm
 Ancho: 1.960 mm
 Altura: 1.160 mm
 Distancia entre ejes: ¿  ? mm
 Ancho de vía delantero: ¿  ? mm
 Ancho de vía trasera: ¿  ? mm
 Peso: ¿  ? kg
 Capacidad del maletero:
 Capacidad del depósito:
 Frenos delanteros y traseros:
 Tamaño de los neumáticos:

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Prototipos de Peugeot

Peugeot 806 Runabout


Orkanen Irma var en ekstremt kraftig orkan, der i begyndelsen af september 2017 hærgede på de Små Antiller i Vestindien, Puerto Rico, Bahamas og Cuba, og bevægede sig op over Floridas vestkyst og videre mod Georgia og Alabama i USA, nu som en tropisk storm. Den har været en kategori 5 orkan og den kraftigste der nogensinde er registreret i Atlanterhavet mht. maksimale vedvarende vindstyrker (145 knob ≈ 267 km/t ≈ 75 m/s). Med et centertryk på 920 hPa. Det er det laveste siden orkanen Dean i 2007. Irma blev dannet omkring d. 30. august lidt vest for Kap Verde-øerne.

Orkanen har kostet mindst 84 mennesker livet i Caribien og USA (heraf 33). På den franske del af øen Sankt Martin meddeler en embedsmand at 95% af øen er ødelagt.

Irma følges af  José, der er en kategori 4 orkan, og som har nogenlunde samme kurs som Irma.

Kilder

Irma
Begivenheder i 2017

Orkanen Irma


Plasencia de Jalón es un apeadero ferroviario situado en el municipio español de Plasencia de Jalón en la provincia de Zaragoza, comunidad autónoma de Aragón. Cuenta con servicios de Media Distancia.

Situación ferroviaria
La estación se encuentra en el punto kilométrico 306,3 de la línea férrea de ancho ibérico que une Madrid con Barcelona a 277 metros de altitud, entre las estaciones de Rueda de Jalón-Lumpiaque y de Grisén. El tramo es de doble vía y está electrificado.

Historia
La estación fue inaugurada el 25 de mayo de 1863 con la apertura del tramo Medinaceli - Zaragoza de la línea férrea Madrid-Zaragoza por parte de la Compañía de los Ferrocarriles de Madrid a Zaragoza y Alicante o MZA. En 1941, la nacionalización del ferrocarril en España supuso la integración de la compañía en la recién creada RENFE.

Desde el 31 de diciembre de 2004 Renfe Operadora explota la línea mientras que Adif es la titular de las instalaciones ferroviarias.

La estación

La estación se halla a 1,3 km de la localidad que le da nombre por camino asfaltado que cruza el Río Jalón, aunque el acceso final es muy deficiente. Adif procedió a la demolición del antiguo edificio de viajeros, construyendo en su lugar un refugio, en un intento de modernizar la estación. También se instaló un sistema de iluminación alimentado por energía solar.

La estación, como apeadero que es, cuenta únicamente con las vías principales, siendo la vía 2 la del andén lateral y sentido Zaragoza (donde estaba el edificio de viajeros), mientras que el andén central da servicio a la vía 1 y sentido Madrid.

En sentido Norte se halla el cambiador de ancho de via. Este elemento permite a los trenes Alvia procedentes de la vía AVE de Calatayud continuar el trayecto hasta Pamplona y Logroño. A partir del cambiador continúan por via de ancho ibérico por Grisén y Cabañas de Ebro su viaje, sin pasar por Zaragoza-Delicias. Igual se aplica en sentido inverso.

Servicios ferroviarios

Media Distancia
Renfe presta servicios de Media Distancia gracias a un tren Regional.

Dicho trayecto, Zaragoza-Arcos de Jalón, se realiza una vez al día por sentido con antiguos Intercity reconvertidos a regionales, los trenes de la serie 448 de Renfe.

A modo de ejemplo, el tiempo que se invierte en hacer el recorrido hasta Arcos de Jalón es de 1h y 45'. Hasta Zaragoza-Delicias el tiempo invertido es de 25'.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Media Distancia Aragón en la web de Renfe.

Plasencia de Jalón
Plasencia de Jalón
Plasencia
Plasencia de Jalón
Estaciones de ferrocarril de España inauguradas en 1863
Estaciones de ferrocarril de Aragón inauguradas en el siglo XIX

Estación de Plasencia de Jalón


Onthophagus rufostillans é uma espécie de inseto do género Onthophagus, família Scarabaeidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por D'Orbigny em 1907.

Referências

Ligações externas

rufostillans
Coleópteros descritos em 1907

Onthophagus rufostillans


Die Route nationale 689, kurz N 689 oder RN 689, war eine französische Nationalstraße, die von 1933 bis 1973 zwischen einer Kreuzung mit der ehemaligen Nationalstraße 143 im südlichen Stadtgebiet von Montluçon und Pionsat verlief. Ihre Länge betrug 28 Kilometer.

Weblinks
 Route nationale française 689 auf WikiSara (französisch)

689

Route nationale 689


Baudenkmäler nach Ortsteilen

Zenting

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Blumau

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Ellerbach

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Gessenreuth

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Gruselsberg

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Haberöd

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Hasling

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Hochreuth

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Hörperting

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Ranfels

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Simmering

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Steinhof

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Unteraign

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Ehemalige Baudenkmäler

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Siehe auch
 Liste der Bodendenkmäler in Zenting

Anmerkungen

Literatur

Weblinks

!
Zenting
Baudenkmaler Zenting

Liste der Baudenkmäler in Zenting


الموسيقى الكهربائية  هي نوع من أنواع الموسيقى الالكترونية المُتأثرة بصورة مباشرة باستخدام جهاز رولاند تي آر-808 الإيقاعي الموسيقي "Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer" ، وموسيقى الفانك "Funk"  التسجيلات من هذا النوع عادة ما تملك بعض الأصوات الإلكترونية وبعض الأصوات الصادرة بطريقة ميكانيكية، غالباً من خلال مشفر صوتي أو غير ذلك من التشويش الإلكتروني.

التعريف والخصائص
مع استثناءات قليلة، فإن تعريف الصوت الكهربائي هو استخدام آلة الطبول كقاعدة الإيقاع للمسار. أنماط الإيقاع تميل إلى أن تكون محاكاة إلكترونية للبريك بيتس، مع ضربة مدغمة للطبول، وعادة ما يكون وترا أو تصفيق مركز على الركود. ومع ذلك، التعريف إلى حد ما يبدو غامضا في طبيعته نتيجة للاستخدامات المختلفة للمصطلح. [8]

التقطع، الإيقاعات الطرقية المهيمنة على الكهربائية، بالضربات غالبا ما تُقدم عن طريق آلة الطبل آر رولاند - 808. آر - 808، أنشئ في عام 1980، لديه على الفور متعرف على الصوت، وما زال يحظى بشعبية كبيرة في الكهربائية والأنواع الأخرى إلى يومنا هذا. الأجهزة الكهربائية الأخرى عموما تكون جميع الإلكترونية، وتفضل التوليفة التناظرية، خطوط جهيرة الصوت لنمط الدغر، متسلسلة أو اربيجياتيد ريفس الاصطناعية، والمؤثرات الصوتية التي تؤثر على كل المنشأت باستخدام المزج. الاستخدام الكثيف للمؤثرات مثل التردد، التأخير، الجوقة أو المراحل مع سلاسل متآلفة أو الأصوات المخمدة تؤكد على الخيال العلمي المشترك أو الموضوع المستقبلي للصوت و/ أو الموسيقى. معظم الكهربائية تكون فعالة، ولكن هناك عنصرا مشتركا هو الغناء المعالج من خلال مشفر صوتي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، يمكن استخدام التوليف الصوتي لإنشاء محتوى آلي أو ميكانيكية غنائية. بعض ميزات الكهربائية السابقة هي موسيقى الراب، ولكن هذا النمط الغنائي أصبح أقل شعبية في هذا النوع من التسعينيات فصاعدا.

التاريخ
الموسيقى الكهربائية قُدت بالمجموعة الموسيقية الألمانية كرافتويرك في منتصف السبعينيات. بعد انخفاض موسيقى الديسكو في أواخر السبعينيات، العديد من فناني الكهرو - دغر مثل زاب وروجر بدأ تجربته مع الصناديق المتحدثة واستخدام الأثقل، ضربات أكثر تميزا. هذا النمط عقد القليل من التشبهات إلى ذلك من كرافويرك. في عام 1982، قاعدة منتجي برونكس أفريكا بامبااتا أصدرت المسار الابداعي "كوكب روك"، الذي يتضمن عناصر من كرافتويرك ترانس يوروب اكسبرس «وأرقام» (من البوم عالم الكمبيوتر كافتويرك). «كوكب روك» على نطاق واسع يعتبر بمثابة نقطة تحول في هذا النوع الكهربائية.

في عام 1983، خلق هاشم لحن دغر الكهربائي المؤثر "آل نافييش (الروح)" الذي أصبح أول إطلاق لقطع السجل في نوفمبر 1983 [12] في نفس الوقت، تأثر هاشم برجل باريش "الهيب هوب، كن بوب"، توماس دولبي " انها اعمتني بالعلم وبامبوتا أفريكا " كوكب الصخرة " [13] أيضا في عام 1983، هيربي هانكوك، بالتعاون مع خلاطة دي اكس تي الكبرى، أصدروا الضربة الواحدة "روكيت".

بامباتا وجماعات مثل كوكب باترول، طاقم جونزيون، مانترونيكس، نيوسليوس وخوان اتكينز 'ديترويت مقرا سايبوترون ذهبوا للتأثير على أنواع من ديترويت تكنو، غيتوتيك، بريك بيت، طبل وباس واليكتركلاش. أوائل المنتجين في نوع الكهربائية (وخصوصا آرثر بيكر،  جون روبي و شيب بيتيبون) تميزوا بشكل بارز في حركة النمط الحر اللاتيني (أو ببساطة «النمط الحر»). بحلول أواخر الثمانينيات، هذا النوع قد انفصل عن تأثيرات الدغر الأولية. باكير وبيتيبون تمتعوا بمهن قوية جيدا في عهد المنزل، وكلا منهم فاته «نوع الفخ» لينتج بنجاح الفنانين السائدين.

الكهربائية المعاصرة

على الرغم أن في بداية الثمانينيات كانت الكهربائية في القمة السائدة، فإنها تمتعت بشعبية جددت في أواخر التسعينيات مع الفنانين مثل انتوني روثر وفنانو الدي جي مثل ديف كلارك. الاهتمام المستمرر في الكهربائية، على الرغم أن التأثير لدرجة كبيرة عن طريق أنماط ديترويت وميامي ولوس انجليس ونيويورك، قد ترسخ في المقام الأول في أوروبا مع النادي الليلي الكهربائي يصبح أمرا عاديا مرة أخرى. المشهد ما يزال يدير لدعم مئات الملصقات الكهربائية، من الديسكو الكهربائي للسجلات المتجانسة، إلى أنماط المدرسة القديمة صبي - ب من مستندات بريكين والكهرباء المسيطرة والدغر الاليكتروني من سيينايت.

فرع جديد للكهربائية، سكوي، قد ارتفع على مدى العامين الماضيين من بلدان الشمال الأوروبي، مثل السويد وفنلندا، ومن هنا اسمها الأول «الإسكندنافية فونك». المنافذ والفنانين من سكوي لا تزال في معظمها تقتصر على بلدان الشمال الأوروبي.

المراجع

وصلات خارجية
 أكبر 100 أغاني كهربائية
 دغر الكهربائية: ماذا يعني ذلك؟
 راب يقابل تكنو، مع لمحة تاريخية موجزة عن الكهربائية

أنواع الهيب هوب
أنواع موسيقى إلكترونية
أنواع موسيقى الرقص الإلكترونية
إليكترو
موسيقى إفريقية أمريكية
هيب هوب

إليكترو (موسيقى)


Groningen adında birden çok yer bulunur:

 Groningen (il), Hollanda'nın bir ili
 Groningen (şehir), Hollanda'da aynı adlı ilin ana şehri
 Groningen, Surinam, Surinam'da bir kent
 Groningen, Minnesota, ABD'de bir yer adı

Benzeri adı taşıyan yerler:
 Gröningen, Almanya'nın Saksonya-Anhalt (Almanca: Sachsen-Anhalt) bölgesinde bir kent
 Groeningen, Hollanda'nın Kuzey Brabant (Hollandaca: Noord Brabant) ilinde bir köy.

Groningen (anlam ayrımı)


Hemme er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinden Eider i den nordlige del af Kreis Dithmarschen. Kreis Dithmarschen ligger i den sydvestlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Kommunen ligger ved Bundesstraße 5, som er den vestlige forbindelse mellem Bundesautobahn 23 og den danske grænse.

Nabokommuner er (med uret fra nord) kommunerne Groven, Rehm-Flehde-Bargen, Stelle-Wittenwurth, Neuenkirchen, Strübbel og Karolinenkoog (alle i Kreis Dithmarschen).

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side  på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Dithmarschen

Hemme


කෘෂිකාර්මික වත් පිළිවෙත් ඒවායේ තීවෘරතාවය සහ තාක්ෂණය මත රඳාපවතී.එහි අන්තයන් දෙකකි. එකක් නම් සුළු භූමි ප්‍රදේශයක තමා සහ පවුලේ පරිභෝජනය සදහා පමණක් සීමිත නිෂ්පාදනයක යෙදෙන "පාරිභෝජක ගොවියායි." අනෙක් අන්තය සාම්ප්‍රදායික ශ්‍රමය මත පදනම් වූ(ආසියනු කුඹුරු බිම් )සහ කාර්මික කෘෂිකර්මාන්තය, කාබනික ගොවිතැන සහ සැපයුම් ගොවිතැන අඩංගු වන නූතන කෘෂිකර්මාන්තය මත රැදී තිබෙන රටාවයි. කාර්මික කෘෂිකර්මාන්තයට විශාල භූමි ප්‍රමාණයක් හෝ විශාල සතුන් සංඛ්‍යාවක්, ඉහළ සම්පත් භාවිතයක්(කෘමිනාශක,වල් නාශකා සහ ඉහල තලයක හා කාර්මීකරණයක්ද අඩංගු වේ.

මෙම තත්වයන් පරිමාණකූල පිරිමැසුම් අත් කර ගත් අතර එයට භූමිය සහ යන්ත්‍ර සූත්‍ර අවශ්‍ය විය.
විසිවන සියවස වන විට කෘෂිකාර්මික ක්ෂෙත්‍රයේ වත් පිළිවෙත් වල, විශේෂයෙන්ම කෘෂිකාර්මික රසායනයේ සහ යාන්ත්‍රීකරණයේ වෙනස්කම් පැහැදිළිව දැක ගත හැකි විය.රසායනික වල් නාශක, රසායනික කෘමිනාශක සහ රසායනික දිලීර නාශක,පාංශු විශ්ලේශීකරණය සහ සත්ව පෝෂණ යනාදී යෙදවුම් කෘෂිකාර්මික රසායනයට අයත් වේ.
ට්‍රැක්ටර් යන්ත්‍ර සහ යාන්ත්‍රික එන්ජින් වර්ග - කපු කටින යන්ත්‍රය, අර්ධ ස්වයංක්‍රීය බැලර් යන්ත්‍රය සහ ගොයම් මඩින යන්ත්‍රය යනාදී කාර්මික නිෂ්පාදනයන් කෘෂිකර්මාන්තයේ කාර්යක්ෂමතාව වැඩි කිරීමට සමත් විය.(කෘෂිකාර්මික යන්ත්‍ර සූත්‍ර බලන්න ).

ඇ.එ.ජ. ජාතික ඉංජිනේරු ඇකඩමියට අනුව,විසි වන ශතවර්ෂයේ, මහා පරිමාණ ඉංජිනේරු නිෂ්පාදකයන් අතර,බොහොමයක් කෘෂිකර්මාන්තයට අදාල නිෂ්පාදනයන් වේ.

විසිවන ශත වර්ශය මුල් භාගයේදී, ඇමෙරිකානු ගොවියෙකුට මිනිසුන් 2.5 ක් පෝෂණය කිරීම ට හැකිවුණු අතර, කෘෂිකාර්මික තාක්ෂණයේ දියුණුව මත, එය ගොවියෙකුට 130 දෙනෙකු පෝෂණය කිරීමේ හැකියාව දක්වා වර්ධනය වී ඇත.

සටහන්

කෘෂිකර්මය

කෘෂිකාර්මික පිළිවෙත්


Maxim Gorky (em russo: Максим Горький) foi um cruzador da classe Kirov do Projeto 26bis da Marinha Soviética que entrou em ação durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e continuou em serviço na Guerra Fria. A proa do navio foi explodida por uma mina no Golfo de Riga durante os estágios iniciais da Operação Barbarossa, mas ele chegou a Kronstadt para reparos. No entanto, após ser consertado, o navio ficou preso no porto durante a maior parte da guerra, pelos campos minados do Eixo em Leningrado e Kronstadt. Apesar de estar preso, Maxim Gorky esteve ativo em dois confrontos: o navio forneceu tiros em apoio aos defensores durante o Cerco de Leningrado e, posteriormente, bombardeou posições finlandesas durante a Ofensiva de Vyborg-Petrozavodsk em meados de 1944. Ele não viu mais ação na Segunda Guerra Mundial. Uma grande modernização foi iniciada em 1953, mas a marinha reconsiderou o custo-benefício da reforma e o trabalho foi cancelado em 1955. Maxim Gorky foi vendido para sucata em 1959.

Descrição
Maxim Gorky tinha 187 metros  de comprimento na linha d'água e 191,4 metros de comprimento total. Tinha também uma boca de 17,66 metros e um calado entre 5,87 a 6,3 metros. Ele deslocou 8.177 toneladas  em carga padrão e 9.728 toneladas em carga total. Suas turbinas a vapor produziram um total de 129.750 cavalos de potência (96.750 kW) durante seus testes no mar e impulsionaram o navio a uma velocidade máxima de 36,72 nós (68,01 km/h). Isso foi um pouco abaixo de sua velocidade projetada de 37 nós e porque ele estava com mais de 900 toneladas de excesso de peso. O navio normalmente carregava 650 toneladas de óleo combustível, 1.660 toneladas em plena carga e 1.750 toneladas em sobrecarga. Isso lhe deu uma autonomia de 4.220 milhas náuticas (7.820 km) a 18 nós (33 km/h).

Maxim Gorky carregava nove canhões B-1-P de 180 milímetros calibre 57 em três torres triplas MK-3-180 elétricas. Seu armamento secundário consistia em seis canhões antiaéreos B-34 de 100 milímetros calibre 56 montados em cada lado do funil traseiro. Seus canhões antiaéreos leves consistiam em nove canhões 21-K semiautomáticos de 45 mm e quatro metralhadoras DShK de 12,7 mm. Seis tubos de torpedo 39-Yu de 533 milímetros foram montados em duas montagens triplas.

Modificações em tempos de guerra
Em 1944, Maxim Gorky havia trocado seus canhões de 45 mm montagens.

Quando a guerra estourou em 1941, Maxim Gorky não tinha radar, mas ele foi equipado com o radar Lend-Lease britânico em 1944. Um Tipo 291 foi usado para busca aérea. Um radar Tipo 284 e dois Tipo 285 eram para controle de tiro da bateria principal, enquanto o controle de fogo antiaéreo era fornecido por dois radares Tipo 282.

Serviço
Maxim Gorky foi colocado no Ordzhonikidze Yard, Leningrado em 20 de dezembro de 1936 como uma versão ligeiramente melhorada, Projeto 26bis conforme designado pelos soviéticos, do primeiro par de cruzadores da classe Kirov, que foram chamados de Projeto 26. Foi foi lançado em 30 abril de 1938 e foi concluído em 12 de dezembro de 1938. O navio, e sua escolta, colidiu com o campo minado "Apolda" estabelecido pelos alemães no Golfo de Riga enquanto fornecia cobertura para os esforços de mineração defensiva soviética em 23 de junho de 1941 e Maxim Gorky e o contratorpedeiro Gnevny ambos perderam seus arcos, embora Gorky tenha chegado ao porto, onde reparos temporários foram feitos. O navio foi transferido, com assistência, para Tallinn e depois para Kronstadt. Este teve uma nova seção de proa fabricada em Kronstadt e sendo acoplada ao navio em 21 de julho. Durante a maior parte do resto da guerra, ele foi bloqueado em Leningrado e Kronstadt pelos campos minados do Eixo e só pôde fornecer apoio de tiros para os defensores durante o Cerco de Leningrado, por exemplo, ele disparou 285 projéteis de 180 mm em 4 de setembro de 1941 e 701 tiros durante o Ofensiva Krasnoye Selo–Ropsha em janeiro de 1944. O cruzador foi condecorado com a Ordem da Bandeira Vermelha em 22 de março por seu "cumprimento exemplar de missões de combate" e pela "coragem e bravura" demonstradas por sua tripulação. O navio também bombardeou posições finlandesas como parte do 4º Grupo de Artilharia durante a ofensiva soviética de Vyborg-Petrozavodsk em junho, disparando cem projéteis de 180 mm em Kuokkala em 9 de junho. Maxim Gorky foi repetidamente, ainda que levemente, danificado por ataques aéreos e de artilharia alemães, mas sua única reforma prolongada ocorreu durante o inverno de 1942–43, quando seu convés superior foi reforçado com placas de blindagem de 37 milímetros.

Pós-guerra
Após o fim da guerra, Maxim Gorky foi transferido para o esquadrão da 4ª Frota no sul do Báltico, quando a Frota do Báltico foi brevemente dividida em 25 de fevereiro de 1946. Como quartel-general do esquadrão, ele se mudou para Liepāja e depois para Baltiysk. Para participar de um desfile, o cruzador retornou brevemente a Leningrado em 7 de novembro de 1947. Maxim Gorky testou o primeiro helicóptero naval soviético, o Kamov Ka-10, em dezembro de 1950. O helicóptero estava localizado no convés de popa e fez o primeiro pouso de helicóptero. a bordo de um navio de guerra soviético em 7 de dezembro, observado pelo designer-chefe Nikolay Kamov.

Ele foi transferido para Kronstadt enquanto aguardava uma reforma no Estaleiro nº 194 em meados de 1953 e transferida para os navios da Fortaleza de Kronstadt em 16 de junho, liderando o desfile naval rio Neva para o Dia da Marinha em julho. A reforma, que começou no final daquele ano, foi planejada para incluir uma revisão completa de seu maquinário, enquanto seu radar, sistemas de controle de disparo e canhões antiaéreos seriam substituídos pelos mais recentes sistemas soviéticos. Protuberâncias de torpedos deveriam ser instaladas, o que aumentaria seu deslocamento em 1.000 toneladas, com consequentes penalidades em sua velocidade e alcance. A marinha reavaliou o escopo da obra em 1955 e considerou insuficiente para criar um navio totalmente moderno e suspendeu a reforma. Maxim Gorky foi removido da Frota do Báltico em 17 de fevereiro de 1956 antes de ser igualmente removido da lista da marinha e entregue para demolição em 18 de abril de 1959 depois que a marinha decidiu que ele era desnecessária como um navio de teste de mísseis.

Bibliografia

Leitura adicional

Navios de 1938
Navios construídos na Rússia
Cruzadores da Marinha Soviética
Cruzadores da União Soviética na Segunda Guerra Mundial

Maxim Gorky (cruzador)


The Jurist: Studies in Church Law and Ministry ou simplesmente The Jurist é uma revista acadêmica revisada por pares e a única revista publicada nos Estados Unidos dedicada ao estudo e promoção do direito canônico da Igreja Católica. Foi iniciado em 1940  para atender às necessidades acadêmicas e profissionais dos advogados da Igreja Católica. Originalmente se concentrava no direito canônico da Igreja latina, mas passou a incluir também o direito canônico católico oriental.

História
A primeira edição apareceu em 6 de janeiro de 1941.  As respostas iniciais à revista foram favoráveis, pois foi declarado "Aplaudimos seu desempenho atual e esperamos a melhoria que seu esforço inicial promete e que a maturidade trará"  e "o primeiro número garante a crença de que os estudiosos dos Estados Unidos farão contribuições valiosas para o estudo do direito canônico.".

Até 1976, a revista era uma publicação trimestral, mas desde então tem sido publicada semestralmente; começando com o volume 71, a revista foi publicada pela Catholic University of America Press para a Escola de Direito Canônico da Universidade Católica da América. O conselho editorial é formado pelo corpo docente da Escola de Direito Canônico da Universidade Católica da América, a única escola desse tipo nos Estados Unidos. A revista é publicada impressa e online no Project MUSE.

Escopo
Inicialmente, a revista concentrou-se principalmente em questões de direito da igreja latina, tanto em termos de sua história, medieval e moderna, quanto de prática contemporânea. No entanto, nas últimas décadas desde o Concílio Vaticano II, ampliou seus horizontes e público. Pois também explora questões de interesse para teólogos, advogados da Igreja Católica Oriental, advogados civis, planejadores diocesanos e funcionários diocesanos de finanças e pessoal. Edições recentes continham as decisões da Assinatura Apostólica em tradução latina e inglesa.

Editores
Os editores anteriores incluíram Jerome Daniel Hannan, Frederick R. McManus (1959-1989), James H. Provost, Thomas J. Green e Kurt Martens. O editor atual é William L. Daniel.

Referências

Revistas científicas em inglês

The Jurist (revista)


Um agente biológico (também chamado de bioagente, agente de ameaça biológica, agente de guerra biológica, arma biológica ou bioarma) é uma bactéria, vírus, protozoário, parasita, fungo, produto químico ou toxina que pode ser usado propositalmente como arma no bioterrorismo ou guerra biológica. Além desses patógenos vivos ou replicantes, toxinas e biotoxinas também estão incluídos entre os bioagentes. Mais de mil e duzentos tipos diferentes de bioagentes potencialmente armamentáveis foram descritos e estudados até o momento.

Os agentes biológicos têm a capacidade de afetar adversamente a saúde humana de várias maneiras, desde reações alérgicas relativamente leves a condições médicas graves, incluindo lesões graves, bem como incapacidade grave ou permanente ou até mesmo a morte. Muitos desses organismos são onipresentes no ambiente natural, onde são encontrados na água, solo, plantas ou animais. Os bioagentes podem ser passíveis de "armamentização" para torná-los mais fáceis de implantar ou disseminar. Modificações genéticas podem aumentar suas propriedades incapacitantes ou letais, ou torná-los impermeáveis aos tratamentos convencionais ou preventivos. Uma vez que muitos bioagentes se reproduzem rapidamente e requerem recursos mínimos para propagação, eles também são um perigo potencial em uma ampla variedade de ambientes ocupacionais.

A Convenção sobre as Armas Biológicas (BWC) de 1972 é um tratado internacional que proíbe o desenvolvimento, uso ou armazenamento de armas biológicas; em março de 2021, havia 183 Estados Partes do BWC. Os bioagentes são, no entanto, amplamente estudados para fins de pesquisa médica e defensiva sob vários níveis de biossegurança e dentro de instalações de biocontenção em todo o mundo.

Ligações externas

 Rafał L. Górny, Biological agents, OSHwiki
 Biological Agents, OSHA
 Select Agents and Toxins, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
 Biological weapons e-learning module in the EU's non-proliferation and disarmament course (ministrado por Filippa Lentzos)

Armas biológicas

Agente biológico


بحر آرافورا arafura بحر غرب المحيط الهادئ فوق الجرف القاري بين أستراليا وغينيا الجديدة. ويحده مضيق توريس وذلك من خلال بحر كورال في الشرق، وخليج كاربينتاريا في الجنوب، وبحر تيمور في الغرب وبحر باندا وبحر سيرام .وتطل البحار إلى شمال غربي البلاد. ومن 1290 كيلومترا (800 ميلا) 560 كيلومترا وطويله (350 ميلا) على نطاق واسع. عمق البحار هي في المقام الأول 50-80 مترا (165-265 قدما) مع زيادة العمق إلى الغرب.

مراجع

الحدود الأسترالية الإندونيسية
بحار أوقيانوسيا
 بحر آرافورا
جغرافيا أستراليا
ساحل الإقليم الشمالي
مسطحات مائية في أستراليا

بحر آرافورا


Fabrica tineretului este un film românesc din 1986 regizat de Adrian Sârbu.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1986 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1986

Fabrica tineretului


Donald "Donnie" Newton Van Zant (Jacksonville, Florida,  SAD, 11. lipnja 1952.) američki je pjevač i gitarist. Brat je Ronnija Van Zanta (nekadašnjeg pjevača sastava Lynyrd Skynyrd) te Johnnyja Van Zanta (trenutačnog pjevača sastava Lynyrd Skynyrd). Najveći dio glazbene karijere obilježio je djelujući u sastavu 38 Special (kao jedan od osnivača), te povremeno u sastavu Van Zant.

Zbog zdravstvenih razloga iz aktivnog bavljenja glazbom povukao se 2013.

Izvori

Američki rock-pjevači
Gitaristi
Country glazbenici

Donnie Van Zant


السيارة نصر شاهين هي من إنتاج النصر للسيارات

وشركة نصر لصناعة السيارات الموجودة في وادي حوف، حلوان، القاهرة، مصر.
هي شركة مصرية لصناعة سيارات الركوب. إلا أنها تصنع أيضا الشاحنات والنقل الثقيل.

وتعد شركة النصر لصناعة السيارات أول شركة سيارات في الشرق الأوسط، وكانت الحكومة المصرية قد أسستها لتجميع السيارات في البداية ثم صناعة أول سيارة مصرية.

و قد عملت نصر على تجميع سيارات فيات في مصانعها وحازت على ثقة المصريين وكانت وما زالت أكثر السيارات مبيعا في السوق المصرية ؛نظرا لأن السيارات المجمعة في نصر لا تقل عن مثيلاتها في فيات. كما استمرت نصر في تصنيع سيارات فيات التي انتهى إنتاجها في إيطاليا.

وما زالت نصر إلى الآن تنتج السيارة نصر 128، وهي تعدّ سيارة الشعب في مصر (أنتجتها فيات سنة 1969) بتعاون مع شركة يوجو اليوجوسلافية.

وتنتج شركة النصر أيضا السيارة توفاش شاهين وهي نموذج معدل من السيارة يتم تصديره إلى تركيا. وكذلك السيارة فلوريدا بالتعاون مع شركة يوجو.

الميزات
وتعدّ الميزة الموجودة في هذه السيارة أو سيارات نصر عامةً هي انخفاض سعرها، وهذا ما يجعلها في متناول معظم الشعب المصري، لذلك فهي منتشرة بمعظم طرازاتها خاصةً موديل شاهين ونصر 128.

وصلات خارجية
 معلومات - صور - مواصفات فنية - الصيانة by HRH_Sameh
 صور شاهين معدلة by HRH_Sameh

سيارات تركيا
سيارات خلفية الدفع
سيارات شرطة
سيارات صالون
سيارات عائلية متوسطة
سيارات عقد 1980
سيارات عقد 1990
سيارات عقد 2000
سيارات مصر
النصر لصناعة السيارات

نصر شاهين


Ipolochagos Natassa (Greek: Υπολοχαγός Νατάσσα, Lieutenant Natasha, also known outside Greece as Battlefield Constantinople) is a 1970 Greek film. It starred Aliki Vougiouklaki as Natassa, Dimitris Papamichael as Orestis, and Costas Carras as Max. The story about the German occupation of Greece and the resistance by the Greeks.  The director of the film is Nikos Foskolos.

Cast

Aliki Vougiouklaki .... Natassa Arseni
Dimitris Papamichael .... Orestis
Costas Carras .... Max Reuter
Eleni Zafeiriou .... Natassa's mother
Kakia Panagiotou .... Liza
Andreas Filippidis .... Natassa's father
Spyros Kalogirou .... major

External links

Greek war drama films
1970s Greek-language films
1970 films
Finos Film films
Films set in Axis-occupied Greece
Films set in Greece
Greek World War II films
Films about Greek resistance
1970s war drama films
1970s Greek films

Battlefield Constantinople


Wilhelm Manfred Raumberger (* 26. August 1931 in Fürth; † 27. Mai 2003 in Amberg) war ein deutscher Bildhauer, Skulpturenkünstler, Bronzegießer und Maler.

Leben
Manfred Raumberger absolvierte eine Bildhauerlehre bei Philipp Siebenkäs in Fürth. Später war er Schüler bei Lois Rauschhuber in Nürnberg. Von 1950 bis 1954 studierte er an der Akademie der Bildenden Künste Nürnberg in der Klasse bei Professor Hermann Schorer. 1955 war Schüler des Metallbildhauers und Zeichners Karl Dörrfuß (1906–1984) in Fürth. Seit 1956 war Manfred Raumberger freischaffend tätig. Seit 1965 wohnte er in Amberg, wirkte freischaffend als Maler und Bildhauer.

Als das Ziel seiner Arbeiten bezeichnete Manfred Raumberger die Einbeziehung des Menschen und der Landschaft in eine moderne, gegenständliche Form.

Bis zu seinem Tod 2003 war Manfred Raumberger Mitglied der Gruppe Amberger Künstler.

Arbeiten an öffentlichen Orten
In Amberg:
 Schweindl-Brunnen (Viehmarkt)
 Vogelbrunnen (Grammer-Passage)
 Vier Elemente (Stadtwerke)
 Bürgerbrunnen (Eichenforstplatz)
 Bergmann/Steiger (Erzbergbrücke)
 Emailwand "Vier Jahreszeiten", Keramikwand (Klinikum St. Marien, Therapiebad)
 Kupfer-Email-Relief "Das Kirchenjahr" (Andreas-Hügel-Haus)
 Türe am Andreas-Hügel-Haus
 Türe am Eh'häusl
 Sämann an der Landwirtschaftsschule
 Emailwand für das Wohnungsunternehmen
 Verschiedene Reliefs und Putzintarsien an privaten und öffentlichen Gebäuden

In anderen Orten:
 Hans im Glück in Hirschau
 Kartoffeldenkmal in Pilgramsreuth
 Brückenplastik in Rehau
 Harlekin und Pulcinella in Rehau
 Schweinebrunnen in Günzburg
 Porträt-Relief für Fritz Erler (1899–1992) in der Erler-Klinik in Nürnberg
 Hl. Vitus und Hildegard in Schnaittenbach
 Hl. Nepomuk in Theuern und Wolfsbach

Ausstellungen
Zahlreiche Gruppenausstellungen in Amberg, Ansbach, Düsseldorf, Erlangen, Fürth, Kötzting, Neumarkt, Nürnberg, Perigueux, Regensburg, Stuttgart, Weiden.

Einzelausstellungen in Leipzig (1956), Fürth (1964) und Amberg (1998).

Auszeichnung
2001 wurde Wilhelm Manfred Raumberger als Ehrung für sein Wirken der Kulturpreis der Stadt Amberg verliehen.

Nachleben
Im Jahr 2012 wurde von der Stadt Amberg im Sebastianviertel nach ihm die neue Manfred-Raumberger-Straße benannt.

Literatur
 Stadtgalerie Alte Feuerwache im Stadtmuseum Amberg. Ausstellungen 2011. Hrsg. vom Kulturamt Amberg. Amberg 2011, S. 14.

Weblinks

 Wilhelm Manfred Raumberger (1931-2003) auf jacobsa.de

Einzelnachweise

Bildhauer (Deutschland)
Maler (Deutschland)
Person (Amberg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1931
Gestorben 2003
Mann

Manfred Raumberger


San Bartolo (span. für "Heiliger Bartholomäus") bezeichnet:

 San Bartolo deutscher Name für Berthold von Kalabrien
 San Bartolo de la Frontera, Ort in Bolivien
 San Bartolo (Quito), Parroquia urbana in Quito (Ecuador)
 San Bartolo (Totonicapán), Ort in Guatemala
 San Bartolo (Petén), archäologische Stätte in Guatemala
 San Bartolo (Nicaragua), Ort in Nicaragua
 Distrikt San Bartolo, Stadtbezirk der peruanischen Hauptstadt Lima

San Bartolo


Aa lehmannii je vrsta orhideje (porodica kaćunovke, Orchidaceae), red šparogolike. Prvi put je opisana 2014. godine. Endem iz Ekvadora.

Izvori

Aa
Endemska flora Ekvadora

Aa lehmannii


Uzay Şehri (Rusça - Аэроград); Air City -  Frontier) Ukraynalı yönetmen Aleksandr Dovjenko Petroviç tarafından yönetilen 1935 Sovyet yapımı bilimkurgu film. Film Mosfilm ve Aleksandr Dovjenko Film Stüdyoları ortak yapımıdır. Sovyet futirist macera filmidir.

Dış bağlantılar

1935 çıkışlı filmler
Rusça filmler
1930'larda bilimkurgu filmleri
Sovyet film taslakları
Sovyetler Birliği siyah-beyaz filmleri

Uzay Şehri (film)


Les internés militaires italiens (Italienische Militärinternierte, IMI) est le nom officiel donné par l'Allemagne aux soldats italiens capturés, rassemblés et déportés dans les territoires de l'Allemagne nazie lors de l'opération Achse dans les jours qui ont immédiatement suivi l'armistice de Cassibile (8 septembre 1943).

Après le désarmement par les Allemands, les soldats et officiers italiens sont confrontés au choix de continuer le combat aux côtés de l'armée allemande (soit dans les forces armées de la République sociale italienne, le régime fantoche allemand dans le nord de l'Italie, soit dans des unités italiennes de  dans les forces armées allemandes) ou, sinon,rejoindre des camps de détention en Allemagne. Seuls 10 % acceptent de rejoindre les forces allemands, les autres sont considérés comme des prisonniers de guerre. Plus tard, ils seront rebaptisés  par les Allemands (pour ne pas reconnaître les droits accordés aux prisonniers de guerre par la III convention de Genève), et enfin, à l'automne 1944 jusqu'à la fin de la guerre, , afin qu'ils puissent être soumis à des travaux forcés sans protection de la Croix-Rouge.

Les nazis considèrent les Italiens comme des traîtres et non comme des prisonniers de guerre. Les anciens soldats italiens sont envoyés au travail forcé dans les industries de guerre (35,6%), l'industrie lourde (7,1%), les mines (28,5%), la construction (5,9%) et l'agriculture (14,3%). Les conditions de travail s'avèrent très difficiles, ils sont mal nourris et pas équipés pour surmonter l'hiver allemand. Beaucoup tombèrent malades ou trouvèrent la mort.

Nombre de prisonniers et victimes
Les Allemands désarment et capturent 1 007 000 soldats italiens, sur un effectif d'environ 2 000 000 d'hommes. Parmi eux, 196 000 parviennent à fuir lors de la déportation. Sur les quelque 810 000 restants (dont 58 000 capturés en France, 321 000 en Italie et 430 000 dans les Balkans), plus de 13 000 perdent la vie lors du transport des îles grecques vers le continent et 94 000, dont la quasi-totalité des chemises noires des MVSN, décident immédiatement de se battre aux côtés des Allemands. Il reste alors environ 710 000 soldats italiens, qui seront déportés dans des camps de prisonniers allemands avec le statut d'immigré italien. Au printemps 1944, quelque 103 000 se déclarent prêts à servir en Allemagne ou dans la République sociale italienne, comme combattants ou comme travailleurs auxiliaires. Il reste finalement entre 600 000 et 650 000 soldats, refusant catégoriquement de poursuivre la guerre aux côtés des Allemands.

Les estimations des pertes parmi les internés varient entre 37 000 et 50 000. Les causes de décès sont :

 la dureté et le danger du travail forcé (10 000 morts)
 maladie et malnutrition, surtout dans les derniers mois de la guerre (23 000)
 exécutions à l'intérieur des camps (4 600)
 les bombardements alliés des installations où ils travaillaient (2 700)
 d'autres ont péri sur le front de l'Est (5 000 à 7 000)

À la fin de la guerre, plusieurs milliers d'anciens internés se retrouvent entre les mains de Français, Soviétiques ou Yougoslaves, et au lieu d'être libérés, ceux-ci sont maintenus en captivité pendant un certain temps après la fin de la guerre.

Navires coulés transportant des prisonniers de guerre italiens
 Gaetano Donizetti, 23 septembre 1943, Rhodes, 1 796 tués, coulé par le
 Ardena, 27 septembre 1943, Argostoli, 779 tués, coulé par une mine
 Mario Roselli, 11 octobre 1943, Corfou, 1 302 tués, coulé par une attaque aérienne de la RAF
 Maria Amalia, 13 octobre 1943, Céphalonie, 544 tués, coulé par une mine ou par un sous-marin de la Royal Navy (le  ou le )
 Sinfra, 20 octobre 1943, Crète, 2 098 tués, coulé par les attaques aériennes de la RAF et de l'USAAF
 Aghios Antonios - Kal 89, 19 novembre 1943, Karpathos, 110 tués, coulé par l'ORP Sokół
 Leda, 2 février 1944, Amorgos, 780 tués, coulé par une attaque aérienne de la RAF
 Petrella, 8 février 1944, Souda, 2 670 tués, coulé par le
 Oria, 12 février 1944, Cap Sounion, 4 074 tués, naufragés dans une tempête
 Sifnos, 4 mars 1944, Milos, 70 tués, coulé par une attaque aérienne de la RAF
 Tanais, 9 juin 1944, Crète, 213 tués, coulé par le

Total de 13 939 tués

Internés militaires célèbres
 Giovannino Guareschi
 Tonino Guerra
 Alessandro Natta
 Mario Rigoni Stern
 Gianrico Tedeschi

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Histoire militaire de l'Italie pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale

Liens externes
 Between Two Stools. The History of the Italian Military Internees 1943 - 1945 web site of the exhibition at the Nazi Forced Labour Documentation Centre in Berlin
 The Sand Mine - documentary web about the massacre of 127 Italian forced labourers in April 1945 in Treuenbrietzen (Brandenburg).

Économie du Troisième Reich

Histoire de l'Italie pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale

Internés militaires italiens


The State University of New York at Oneonta, also known as SUNY Oneonta, is a public university in Oneonta, New York. It is part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system.

History
SUNY Oneonta was established in 1889 as the Oneonta Normal School, as part of founding normal schools across the state to train teachers and expand public education. It was located in a building nicknamed "Old Main" at the top of Maple Street in the city of Oneonta. The school's first principal was James M. Milne, for whom the college's current library is named. For nearly 40 years, Old Main was the only building on campus, until 1933 when Bugbee School was built. Named after Percy I. Bugbee, the second principal of the Oneonta Normal School, Bugbee School provided an on-campus training facility for the student teachers attending the normal school.

In 1942, the school changed names for the first time, becoming the New York State Teachers College at Oneonta.

In 1948, the college became a founding member of the State University of New York system, and the Oneonta Normal School was officially renamed the State University College of Education at Oneonta in 1951. Royal F. Netzer was the college's president from 1951 to 1970, presiding over a period of tremendous growth. The three joined buildings known as the Morris Conference Complex were the first ones erected on the current campus. The cornerstone of the current building was laid in 1950, with one wing being completed in February 1951 and the other in September 1951. The two wings, Bacon and Denison Halls, were originally used as dormitories, which were much needed on the rapidly expanding campus.

In 1952, the Faculty-Student Association Inc. (the forerunner of today's Oneonta Auxiliary Services) purchased a  farm about  north of the college. This was the site for development of today's  College Camp, which provides educational, recreational and social opportunities for the college community.

Home economics programs were added to the college's teacher education programs. In 1954, a Home Economics building and heating plant were constructed on the upper campus. These were followed in 1958 with the construction of a women's dormitory, Wilber Hall, followed by Tobey Hall 1959.

The 1960s were a period of rapid growth in the college's operating budget, student enrollment, number of staff members, and the campus buildings. To alleviate the shortage of classrooms, 10 mobile classrooms were brought in as a temporary solution. Additional property was acquired to the north and west of the campus, providing two entrances from West Street, one near a new service building.

The first library on the upper campus was built in what is today's Alumni Hall. Other new buildings on the upper campus included a dorm, Littel Hall; a cafeteria (Lee Hall) and the Chase Physical Fitness Center. A path connected the upper campus with Old Main, which was slowly being phased out as the main academic building.

In 1962, the college took on a new name, becoming the State University of New York College at Oneonta. The following year, the college started accepting transfer students into 13 liberal arts programs, beginning the transition to a multi-purpose higher education institution.

In 1964, a men's dormitory (Golding Hall) and the first science building, known as Science I, were built. These were followed in 1966 with the construction of four administration and class buildings (Mills Dining Hall, Schumacher, Netzer and Hodgdon Instructional Resource Center), five dormitories (Ford, Grant, Hays, Huntington and Sherman halls) and the health center.

The late 1960s were a period of rapid faculty turnover. Between 1966 and 1970, there were 205 faculty resignations, retirements or contract terminations. With 35 or 40 new positions each year, the number of new faculty members increased from 35 in 1963 to 80 or more from 1966 to 1970. With the rapid growth in the number of faculty, the college's four major academic departments began to split into separate departments. The Department of English, Speech and Theater, which also included Foreign Languages, was the first to subdivide in 1969 into three departments: English, Speech and Theater, and Foreign Languages. In 1970, the Science Department split into separate departments of Biology, Chemistry, Earth Science, Physics and Science Education, and the Social Science Department split into six separate departments.

By the early 1970s, several more new buildings had been constructed, including academic facilities (Fitzelle Hall, Fine Arts, Science II and the current Milne Library), Wilsbach Dining Hall, five dormitories (Matteston, MacDuff, Curtis, Blodgett and Hulbert halls) and the Hunt College Union, named for Charles W. Hunt, who served as the school's principal/president from 1933 to 1951.

A field station on Otsego Lake in Cooperstown, New York was also completed, stimulated by a gift of and additional . The new building housed an environmental laboratory facility for the Biology Department. It also held the new graduate program in the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Objects, the forerunner to today's Cooperstown Graduate Program in museum studies.

Between 1972 and 1980, teacher education enrollments declined dramatically, while liberal arts enrollments increased. The 1970s were a decade of state budget problems and declining enrollments. Clifford Craven led the college as president from 1970 to 1987.

The historic Old Main building was torn down in 1977, and in 1981, two pillars from the building were installed on a hill overlooking the SUNY Oneonta campus as a reminder of the college's history. Today, they are part of a campus tradition for new and graduating students called "Pass Through the Pillars."

In 1982, the college at Oneonta Foundation was formed with the mission of raising and administering gifts and grants to enhance the academic status of the college through endowment, scholarships and institutional programs. Alan B. Donovan served as college president from 1988 to 2008. Accomplishments during his tenure included advancements in technology, including Internet access; a more competitive admissions process, expanded multicultural programs and increased financial stability. The college's endowment grew from $1.9 million when Donovan joined SUNY Oneonta in 1988, to $30 million when he left.

Challenges during Donovan's era included student violence in downtown Oneonta and racial tension on campus. The college made national news in Fall 1992 during an incident known as the "Black List." On the morning of September 4, 1992, a 77-year-old woman told police she was attacked at the home of a family she was visiting outside the town of Oneonta. She concluded her assailant was black, by seeing only his hand. Police officers believed that blood at the scene indicated the assailant suffered a cut on his hand from a knife he had wielded. College officials provided New York State Police a list of 78 black and Latino male students to aid in the investigation, provoking outrage and national attention. In the following days, police questioned hundreds of African Americans in the area, stopping them, and checking their hands for signs of wounds. Many members of the black community of Oneonta were stopped multiple times over several days. The perpetrator was never found. In 2012, SUNY Oneonta President Nancy Kleniewski announced the formation of the September 4 Commemorations Committee to develop programming to mark and remember what she termed a "low point" in the school's history.

In the 1990s SUNY Oneonta extended its commitments to community partnership, founding the Center for Economic and Community Development, and the Center for Social Responsibility and Community. Several construction projects were completed under Donovan, including the Alumni Field House in 1998 and the Robin Ross Higgins Hall in 2003. A  $10 million renovation to the Human Ecology facilities was also completed in 2003.

In 2008, Nancy Kleniewski began her tenure as SUNY Oneonta's seventh president. In 2009, she convened the Strategic Planning and Resource Council, composed of faculty, staff, students, alumni and community members and charged with developing a strategic plan to help define the college's future.

In fall 2013, SUNY Oneonta reorganized, founding five new schools—Economics and Business, Arts and Humanities, Social Science, Natural and Mathematical Sciences, and Education and Human Biology—to give greater focus to disciplines and careers in those areas.

President Barbara Jean Morris came to SUNY Oneonta in July 2018 from her position as provost and vice president for academic affairs at Fort Lewis College.

Dennis Craig was hired as an interim president in October 2020 following the departure of Dr. Morris. He held the position until Alberto J.F. Cardelle was named as president of SUNY Oneonta. His appointment began on September 6, 2021.

TWo years later, the school officially gained university status from the state of New York and rebranded as the State University of New York at Oneonta.

Academics
SUNY Oneonta enrolls about 5,500 students who pursue bachelor's or master's degrees or certificates in one of 60-plus academic programs. In 2023, U.S. News & World Report ranked SUNY Oneonta tied for #75 in Regional Universities North with an acceptance rate of 70%, a graduation rate of 60%, a 26% minority enrollment, and with enrolled students having an average SAT range of 959-1157, an average ACT Range of 18-26, and an average high school GPA of 3.5.

Accreditations
The Middle States Commission on Higher Education accredits the college. The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business accredits the college's business programs. The American Association of Family and Consumer Sciences accredits the undergraduate programs offered by SUNY Oneonta's Human Ecology Department. The Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics accredits the undergraduate Dietetics program. The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education accredits the college's education programs. The National Association of Schools of Music accredits the programs offered by the Music Department. The National Association of Schools of Theatre accredits the programs offered by the Theatre Department.

Experiential learning

SUNY Oneonta offers semester- and year-long study abroad and exchange programs through the Office of Global Education. Students also participate in a short-term faculty-led field course. These trips are usually part of a semester-long or summer course and typically last 10 days to three weeks, offering hands-on learning in a student's field of study.

Connections with Oneonta alumni through programs such as the annual Backpacks to Briefcases networking event for business students help students land internships further afield, and many of these opportunities lead to full-time employment after graduation.

Students have collaborated with faculty on a variety of research topics, including a green chemistry invention that won a United States patent. Students also do independent research on topics of their own choosing, guided by faculty mentors, and present them at SUNY Oneonta's annual Student Research & Creative Activity Day on campus. Grant awards are available for independent research and creative activity projects conducted by students with faculty sponsorship in any discipline or interdisciplinary area.

Many students also present their research at regional and national conferences, and funding is available to help defray travel expenses through the Caroline '67 and David D'Antonio Undergraduate Student Travel for Excellence Fund and the Student Travel for Excellence Program.

Notable facilities

The planetarium is used in a variety of science classes across campus, and offers a fun and enriching experience for all students.

The Science Discovery Center is a science center open to students and the public, and offers a variety of educational activities.

The SUNY Oneonta College Observatory is the largest optical telescope in New York State, one that is believed to be one of the largest telescopes open for public observing east of the Mississippi.

The College Camp is located on  of former farm and woodland. The camp comprises various types of forest that warrant various management techniques. In winter 2012-13 the Camp was surveyed by a state forester from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) who compiled a complete analysis, description, and recommended management plan for the property.

Notable faculty
Blake Fleming – founder of The Mars Volta and Dazzling Killmen, drum instructor
Jeremy Wall – founder of jazz fusion group Spyro Gyra, various music classes

Honor societies

Active chapters
 Alpha Psi Omega (ΑΨΟ; Theater)
 Beta Beta Beta (ΒΒΒ, Biology)
 Beta Gamma Sigma (ΒΓΣ, Business programs accredited by AACSB International)
 Chi Alpha Epsilon (ΧΑΕ; Special Programs)
 Chi Alpha Sigma (ΧΑΣ; Student Athletes)
 Gamma Theta Upsilon (ΓΘΥ; Geography)
 Kappa Delta Pi (ΚΔΠ; Elementary Education)
 Lambda Pi Eta (ΛΠΗ; Communications)
 National Residence Hall Honorary (Residential Community Life)
 Omicron Delta Epsilon (ΟΔΕ; Economics)
 Omicron Delta Kappa (ΟΔΚ; Leadership)
 Phi Alpha Theta (ΦΑΘ; History)
 Phi Eta Sigma (ΦΗΣ; Freshman Honors)
 Phi Sigma Iota (ΦΣΙ; Foreign Languages)
 Phi Sigma Tau (ΦΣΤ;Philosophy)
 Phi Upsilon Omicron (ΦΥΟ; Human Ecology)
 Pi Sigma Alpha (ΠΣΑ; Political Science)
 Psi Chi (ΨΧ; Psychology)
 Sigma Gamma Epsilon (ΣΓΕ; Earth Science)
 Sigma Pi Sigma (ΣΠΣ; Physics)
 Sigma Tau Delta (ΣΤΔ; English)
 Tau Kappa Epsilon (TKE)

Inactive chapters

Alpha Kappa Delta (ΑΚΔ; Sociology)
Sigma Xi (Scientific Research)

Conferences

SUNY Oneonta Undergraduate Political Science Conference
The SUNY Oneonta Undergraduate Political Science Conference is a tradition hosted by the Oneonta Political Science Club and the Political Science Department. The first conference was hosted March 20–21, 2009. The keynote speaker for that year was Alan Chartock, Professor Emeritus at SUNY Albany and host of The Capitol Connection.

SUNY Oneonta Undergraduate Philosophy Conference
The SUNY Oneonta Undergraduate Philosophy Conference is an annual conference. First conceived in 1995 under the supervision of the late Douglas Shrader, Distinguished Teaching Professor of Philosophy at SUNY Oneonta, the event is sponsored by the college's Philosophy Club and organized by a student Conference Committee.

SUNY Oneonta New Critics Undergraduate Literature and Composition Conference
The SUNY Oneonta New Critics Undergraduate Literature and Composition Conference is hosted each spring by the English Department.

PRISM Conference
SUNY Oneonta hosts the PRISM Conference, previously the SUNY Pride conference.

Student life

Campus living
Over 3,000 students live in SUNY Oneonta's 15 residence halls, which offer living arrangements ranging from doubles to apartments.
Dining services at SUNY Oneonta are offered by Sodexo, and the college's residential dining halls were the first in the country designed specifically for Sodexo's Campus Crossroads program.  Dining plans are unlimited and offer options for additional dollars for purchases at cafes and other retail facilities on campus.

Clubs and organizations
SUNY Oneonta offers students over 150 clubs and organizations that supports a wide variety of interests.

WIRE TV
WIRE TV (Campus Channel 73, Time Warner Channel 23) is SUNY Oneonta's student-run television station. The station produces over 4 hours of original programming each week, in addition to Live Sporting events.

WONY
WONY 90.9 FM is SUNY Oneonta's student-run radio station. It was founded in 1962 and broadcasts both online and through physical radio, and is active 24/7.

Athletics

The Oneonta Red Dragons athletics program represent SUNY Oneonta, State University of New York. The school's team currently competes at the Division III level in the State University of New York Athletic Conference, and has been since the conference's inception in 1958. Oneonta's athletic teams also compete in the Eastern College Athletic Conference. The school facilities include Dewar Arena in the Alumni Field House, All College Field, Chase Athletic Building, and Red Dragon Soccer, Baseball and Softball fields.

Notable people

Alumni
Marty Appel – author, public relations official, New York Yankees.
Bruce Avolio – academic and psychologist
Oluwale Bamgbose – professional mixed martial artist, formerly competing in the UFC's middleweight division
Jennifer Bernet -  member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives
Edward Burns – actor, director.
Scott Coffel - poet
 Roy Freiman (born 1959), politician who has represented the 16th Legislative District in the New Jersey General Assembly since 2018.
Ron Garan - NASA astronaut
Don Garber – Major League Soccer commissioner.
Henry Glassie - author and professor
Victoria Graffeo – associate judge of the New York Court of Appeals
Judy Griffin - New York State Assemblywoman, author
Kaitlyn Herman – contestant, Big Brother 20 (American season)
Robin Higgins – Under Secretary for Memorial Affairs (ret.), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
Joe Howarth – played professionally in the American Soccer League and Major Indoor Soccer League.
Amy Ignatow – author and illustrator of the Popularity Papers series of children's books.
Mary Isaacson - member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Jingyu Lin - inventor of the MicroLED
Lori Lite - author
Ian Travis MacMillan – author, creative writing professor at University of Hawaii.
Matt McGinley, drummer, co-founder of Gym Class Heroes.
Roy McDonald – New York Senator
Andy McKean – Iowa representative
Tim Melia - goalkeeper, Sporting Kansas City
Jim Neu - playwright
Sal Paolantonio – ESPN NFL reporter
 Antonio Pérez (born 1946), New York City educator
Bill Pullman – Actor, Director, Producer
Farrukh Quraishi – Hermann Trophy winning, former professional soccer player and executive
Stephen Rannazzisi – Actor, comedian. The League, TV Show.
Ron Sanchez - Head coach of the Charlotte 49ers men's basketball team
Al Schnier  – musician guitarist for the American jam band moe.
Dermot Shea - 44th Police Commissioner of New York City
John W. Sidgmore - corporate executive
Jack Smith - Special Counsel for the United States Department of Justice
Elaine Sortino - former University of Massachusetts Amherst softball coach
John Stein - academic
Caryl M. Stern - author and activist
Travis Stone - horse racing announcer
Linda Swartz Taglialatela - United States Ambassador to Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Antingua and Barbuda, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Lucia, Dominica, and Barbados, Special Representative to the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States
George William Thompson - author, attorney, and professor
Keith Tozer – former Milwaukee Wave (MISL) head coach.
Chris Wade - mixed martial artist
Roger Watkins – film director and actor
Jessamine S. Whitney – statistician, National Tuberculosis Association
Marian Young, biologist

Faculty
Jaffe Cohen - professor of television and film writing
Blake Fleming – founder of The Mars Volta and Dazzling Killmen, drum instructor and History of Rock Instructor
Jeremy Wall – founder of jazz fusion group Spyro Gyra, various music classes

References

External links

 Official website
 Official athletics website

Oneonta
Oneonta
Universities and colleges in Otsego County, New York

State University of New York at Oneonta


Korkuthan, Trabzon ilinin Beşikdüzü ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Köy halkının soyu Çepni boyundan gelmektedir. Mahallede yaşayan halkın çoğu dışarıdan gelmiş olup yerlisi çok az bulunmaktadır.

Coğrafya
Trabzon iline 40 km, Beşikdüzü ilçesine 4 km uzaklıktadır.
Doğusunda Takazlı, Yeşilköy; güneyinde Şahmelik; batısında Kutluca ve Akkese köyleri bulunmaktadır.

Nüfus
Yaklaşık 191 hanedir.

Dış bağlantılar
YerelNET

Beşikdüzü'nün mahalleleri

Korkuthan, Beşikdüzü


La proteína cinasa G (PRKG) o proteína cinasa dependiente del cGMP (EC 18.104.22.168) es una enzima que cataliza la transferencia de un grupo fosfato desde el ATP a una proteína.

 Proteína + ATP  Fosfoproteína + ADP

Esta enzima pertenece a la familia de las serina/treonina proteína cinasas específicas. Requiere cGMP para su activación.

Estructura

Se presenta como dímero en los eucariotas. La región C-terminal de cada polipéptido contiene el dominio catalítico que incluye los sitios de unión del ATP y del sustrato proteico. Este dominio cataliza la fosforilación por ATP de residuos específicos de serina o treonina en los sustratos. La enzima también tiene dos sitios alostéricos de unión para el cGMP. La unión del cGMP provoca un cambio conformacional asociado a la activación de la cinasa.

Isozimas

En el ser humano se conocen dos isoenzimas de la proteína cinasa G:

 PRKG1.
 PRKG2.

Enlaces externos

 Ficha de la base de datos ExPASy.

Serina/treonina proteína cinasas
EC 2.7.11

Proteína cinasa G


Beaulieu se poate referi la:

Localități

Belgia
 , cătun în Valonia

Franța
 Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Ardèche
 Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Cantal
 Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Côte-d'Or
 Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Hérault
 Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Indre
 Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Isère
 Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Haute-Loire
 Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Nièvre
 Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Orne
 Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Puy-de-Dôme
 Beaulieu-en-Argonne, localitate în departamentul Meuse
 Beaulieu-les-Fontaines, localitate în departamentul Oise
 Beaulieu-lès-Loches, localitate în departamentul Indre-et-Loire
 Beaulieu-sous-la-Roche, localitate în departamentul Vendée
 Beaulieu-sous-Parthenay, localitate în departamentul Deux-Sèvres
 Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne, localitate în departamentul Corrèze
 Beaulieu-sur-Layon, localitate în departamentul Maine-et-Loire
 Beaulieu-sur-Loire, localitate în departamentul Loiret
 Beaulieu-sur-Mer, localitate în departamentul Alpes-Maritimes
 Beaulieu-sur-Oudon, localitate în departamentul Mayenne
 Beaulieu-sur-Sonnette, localitate în departamentul Charente
 Annesse-et-Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Dordogne
 Ferrière-sur-Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Indre-et-Loire
 Neuville-lez-Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Ardennes
 Rejet-de-Beaulieu, localitate în departamentul Nord

Regatul Unit
 , sat în Hampshire, Anglia

Râuri
  din Hampshire, Regatul Unit
  din Québec, Canada

Oameni
  (prenume necunoscut), scriitor francez din sec. al XVII-lea
  (1767-1826), om politic francez
  (1814-1894), om politic belgian
  (n. 1962), scriitor canadian
  (1589-1637), explorator francez
 , medic și romancier francez
  (sau Jean Vernet; d. 1427), militar francez
  (1754-1827), jurnalist francez
  (n. 1969), hocheist canadian
  (n. 1983), chitarist american al formației Trivium
  (n. 1955), hocheist canadian
  (n. 1926), medic și cercetător francez
  (cca. 1495-1552), poet și compozitor francez
  (1771-1872), conducător de trib din America de Nord, asistent de traducere
  (n. 1943), actor francez
 , biograf francez din sec. al XIII-lea
 , cântăreț și compozitor francez din sec. al XVI-lea
  (1819-1884), pictor francez
  (1823-1885), dramaturg francez
  (1651-1714), chirurg francez
  (n. 1944), om politic francez
  (1902-1976), om politic canadian
  (cca. 1760-1825), scriitoare franceză
 Jean-Pierre de Beaulieu (1725-1819), general belgian
  (1895-1965), compozitor canadien
  (1752-1807), avocat francez și ministru al finanțelor
  (n. 1952), scenarist canadian
  (1908-1985), inginer și antreprenor francez
  (1930-1998), om politic canadian. ministru al finanțelor și ministru al imigrării
  (n. 1959), om politic canadian, președinte al
  (1941-1985), scriitor canadian
  (n. 1947), jucător și antrenor de fotbal
 , actor francez din sec. al XVII-lea
  (1913-2007), scriitor canadian
  (1798-1859), om politic francez
  (1871-1915), om politic francez
  (1928-2006), om politic francez
  (n. 1984), hocheist canadian
  (n. 1930), actor francez
  (n. 1963), actriță franceză
 Priscilla Beaulieu, soția lui Elvis Presley
 , om politic canadian
 , inginer și militar francez din sec. al XVII-lea
 , scriitor canadian
 , arheolog francez

Istorie
 , semnat de Henric al III-lea al Franței la 6 mai 1576, care a pus capăt celui de-al cincilea război religios al Franței

Diverse
 , stație de metro din Bruxelles, Belgia
 , companie franceză producătoare de camere de luat vederi
  din Nantes
  din Réunion
  din Lausanne, Elveția
 , model de automobil marcă Simca, lansat în 1958
  din California, SUA

Vezi și

Beaulieu


Der älteste Mann ist der Japaner Jiroemon Kimura, der im Alter von 116 Jahren und 54 Tagen starb. Als ältester lebender Mann gilt laut Guinness World Records der am 27. Mai 1909 geborene Venezolaner Juan Vicente Pérez Mora. Die nachfolgenden Listen entsprechen dem gegenwärtigen Forschungsstand und erheben deshalb keinen Anspruch auf abschließende Richtigkeit. Lebende Männer sind blau hinterlegt.

Auf dieser Seite werden nur Männer aufgeführt, deren Lebensdaten wissenschaftlich nachgewiesen werden konnten und von einer entsprechenden Institution veröffentlicht wurden; eine bloße Erwähnung in Massenmedien ist nicht ausreichend.

Liste der 100 ältesten Männer
Über die Platzierung entscheidet zuerst das erreichte Alter in Jahren und Tagen, danach die Anzahl der Lebenstage und zuletzt das frühere Erreichen des Alters.

Anhang
Im Anhang sind jene Personen gelistet, die einst von verschiedenen Institutionen als älteste Männer mit den benannten Geburtsdaten akzeptiert wurden, deren Richtigkeit bei späterer Überprüfung jedoch substanziell in Frage gestellt wurde, ohne dass aber ein positiver Nachweis für das tatsächliche Geburtsdatum erbracht werden konnte. Da sie nach den gegenwärtigen Maßstäben der Altersverifizierung keine Anerkennung finden würden, sind sie von den ältesten Männern mit nachgewiesenem Alter getrennt an dieser Stelle aufgeführt, solange das angebliche Alter für eine Aufnahme in die Liste der 100 ältesten Männer ausreichend wäre oder bis ein positiver Nachweis für dieses oder ein anderes Geburtsdatum veröffentlicht wird.

Ältester Mann
Diese Auflistung des ältesten Mannes erfasst Männer ab dem ersten Supercentenarian, die jeweils das höchste nachweislich erreichte Lebensalter hatten, bis ihr Nachfolger älter wurde als sie.

Ältester lebender Mann
Diese Liste führt jene Personen auf, die zeitlich aufeinanderfolgend – zwischen dem Tod des Vorgängers und dem eigenen Tod – jeweils der älteste lebende Mann waren.

Siehe auch
 Liste der ältesten Menschen (dort auch weitere Informationen zu den ältesten Männern im deutschsprachigen Raum)
 Liste der ältesten Frauen

Literatur
 Heiner Maier, Jutta Gampe, Bernard Jeune, Jean-Marie Robine, James W. Vaupel (Hrsg.): Supercentenarians (pdf), Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-642-11519-6.

Weblinks
 diverse Ältestentabellen der Gerontology Research Group (englisch)
 GRG World Supercentenarian Rankings List (englisch)
 European Supercentenarian Organisation (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Liste (Demografie)
Liste (Personen)
Liste (biologische Rekorde)
!Manner
!alteste Manner

sv:Lista över världens äldsta människor#De äldsta människorna i världshistorien

Liste der ältesten Männer


Konrad Hofmann (født 14. november 1819 i Kloster Banz ved Bamberg, død 30 september 1890 i Waging am See) var en tysk filolog.

Hofmann blev 1853 ekstraordinær, 1856 ordentlig professor i oldtysk og (efter 1869) romansk filologi ved Münchens Universitet. I en række mindre afhandlinger behandlede han forskellige sider af sit omfattende fag, navnlig tekstkritiske undersøgelser.

Kilder

Filologer fra Tyskland
Professorer fra Tyskland
Ansatte ved Münchens Universitet
Faglitterære forfattere fra Tyskland
Tyskere i 1800-tallet
Ugglan

Konrad Hofmann


El asombroso hombre creciente (The Amazing Colossal Man en inglés) es una película en blanco y negro de ciencia ficción estrenada en 1957, dirigida por Bert I. Gordon y protagonizada por Glen Langan. La película se centra en un hombre que muta hasta un altura de más de 30 metros.

Fue distribuida por American International Pictures (AIP) y seguida de una secuela filmada y estrenada en 1958 titulada Guerra al monstruo gigante, el film original y la secuela aparecieron en Mistery Science Theater 3000. Una nueva versión protagonizada por Freddie Stroma con el mismo título y argumento está siendo filmada actualmente.

Reparto

Enlaces externos

Películas de 1957

El asombroso hombre creciente