O L1A1, oficialmente "Rifle, 7.62mm, L1A1", é uma versão britânica do fuzil de batalha FN FAL, este produzido pelo fabricante belga de armamentos FN Herstal. O L1A1 foi produzido sob licença e foi usado no Exército Australiano, Exército Canadense, Exército Indiano, Força de Defesa da Jamaica, Exército da Malásia, Exército da Nova Zelândia, Exército da Rodésia, Exército de Cingapura e Forças Armadas do Reino Unido. No Exército Canadense, o L1A1 é designado como C1A1 (C1).

O FAL original foi projetado na Bélgica, enquanto os componentes dos FAL "padrão de polegada" são fabricados com um projeto ligeiramente modificado usando unidades imperiais britânicas. Muitos subconjuntos são intercambiáveis entre os dois tipos, enquanto os componentes desses subconjuntos podem não ser compatíveis. As incompatibilidades notáveis incluem o carregador e a coronha, que se prendem de maneiras diferentes. A maioria dos FAL também usa roscas SAE para cano e montagens. As únicas exceções são os primeiros protótipos do FAL, e as roscas da culatra apenas nos FAL israelenses e indianos. Todos os outros possuem roscas padrão Imperial ou "unificadas" em polegadas.

A maioria dos FAL padrão da Commonwealth são apenas semiautomáticos. Uma variante chamada L2A1/C2A1 (C2), destinada a servir como uma metralhadora leve em uma função de apoio, também é capaz de fogo automático. As diferenças em relação ao L1A1/C1 incluem um cano pesado, massa de mira quadrada (ao contrário do "V" nos modelos semiautomáticos), um guarda-mão que funciona como um bipé dobrável e um carregador maior de 30 cartuchos, embora também possa usar o carregadores normais de 20 cartuchos. Apenas o Canadá e a Austrália usaram essa variante. No entanto, a Austrália, o Reino Unido e a Nova Zelândia usaram metralhadoras leves Bren convertidas para disparar o cartucho 7,62×51mm NATO para uso no papel de apoio. Os C1 canadenses emitidos para pessoal da marinha e do exército também eram capazes de fogo automático.

História
O L1A1 e outros derivados de padrão de polegada traçam sua linhagem até a Allied Rifle Commission da década de 1950, cuja intenção era introduzir um único fuzil e cartucho que serviria como padrão para todos os países da OTAN. Eles originalmente adotaram o Rifle No. 9 Mk 1 com câmara para um cartucho intermediário 7 mm. Para atender a esse plano e fortalecer os laços com os Estados Unidos, o Reino Unido logo abandonou o fuzil No. 9 em favor do FAL belga com câmara para o cartucho americano 7,62×51mm NATO proposto. Com base nos experimentos do Canadá com o FAL que levaram ao C1A1, o Reino Unido e a Austrália adotaram o L1A1 como seu novo fuzil de serviço em 1954.

A OTAN padronizou o cartucho 7,62mm NATO em 1954, mas não adotou um fuzil padrão. A maioria adotou um projeto nativo com câmara para o 7,62mm NATO, com a Alemanha finalmente adotando o G3 e os EUA adotando o M14. Mesmo o C1A1 e o L1A1 usavam medidas em polegadas e não eram intercambiáveis com as partes métricas do FAL. A participação da França foi adotar um fuzil de serviço de projeto nativo que usava seu cartucho nacional 7,5mm MAS.

A versão experimental britânica do FAL (designada X-1) inicialmente usava um "pente ferradura" de 8 cartuchos (um pente em forma de "U" que segurava as balas) baseado em um projeto belga experimental de 10 cartuchos. O operador abriria o ferrolho e colocaria o carregador em trilhos-guia sobre a câmara. Os cartuchos seriam então deslizados para baixo no carregador destacável através do ferrolho. O pente de ferradura de 8 cartuchos foi substituído em testes por um modelo de 5 cartuchos devido a problemas com eles se danificando quando embalados em bolsas ou bandoleiras. O pente de ferradura de 5 cartuchos teve problemas semelhantes e foi substituído por um pente convencional de 5 cartuchos.

O L1A1 posteriormente serviu como o fuzil de batalha de primeira linha do Reino Unido até a década de 1980, antes de ser substituído pelo L85A1 de 5,56 mm.

Serviço
O L1A1 e suas variantes foram usados em vários conflitos, inclusive conflitos da Guerra Fria. Os L1A1 foram usados pelas Forças Armadas Britânicas na Malásia, Irlanda do Norte e na Guerra das Malvinas (em oposição às forças argentinas armadas pelo FN FAL), na Primeira Guerra do Golfo (onde ainda estava em questão para algumas unidades de segunda linha do Exército Britânico e pessoal da RAF ainda não emitido com o L85A1) e pelo Exército do Estado do Kuwait durante a Primeira Guerra do Golfo. Foi usado pela Austrália e Nova Zelândia na Guerra do Vietnã, pelo Exército Indiano nas guerras indo-paquistanesas de 1965 e 1971 e por várias forças paramilitares e policiais estaduais em operações de contra-insurgência até o início dos anos 1990, pelas forças nigerianas e biafrenses durante a Guerra Civil da Nigéria e pela Rodésia na Guerra Civil da Rodésia.

Substituição
A partir de meados da década de 1980, o Reino Unido começou a substituir seu fuzil L1A1 de 30 anos pelo fuzil de assalto bullpup L85A1 de calibre 5,56×45mm NATO. A Austrália escolheu o Steyr AUG como um substituto na forma do F88 Austeyr, com a Nova Zelândia seguindo o exemplo logo depois. O Canadá substituiu seu fuzil C1 por variantes do AR-15: o fuzil C7 e a carabina C8. A Austrália substituiu suas armas de apoio de cano pesado L2A1 por metralhadoras M60 e mais tarde por uma variante da FN Minimi: a F89. O Canadá substituiu suas armas de apoio de cano pesado C2 por uma variante da FN Minimi: a C9, respectivamente.

Ver também
ArmaLite AR-10
CETME (fuzil)
Heckler & Koch G3
M14 (fuzil)
MAS-49

Fuzis de batalha
Fuzis semiautomáticos
Armas de infantaria da Austrália
Fuzis do Reino Unido
Fuzis da Guerra Fria

L1A1


L (« ail chaud ») ou  est un plat typique de la campagne andalouse. Comme dans presque toute la cuisine andalouse, il s'agit de l'un des plats dits bon marché, dont le coût et les ingrédients sont réduits. Il ne fait aucun doute qu'au fil du temps, elle a évolué parallèlement à la situation économique, élargissant sa gamme d'ingrédients avec d'autres produits. Cependant, la recette originale comprenait de l'ail, des tomates, des poivrons, du pain et de l'huile d'olive.

Caractéristiques
À Jerez de la Frontera, il y a la , située sur les routes de Trebujena et du lieu-dit Morabita. L'ail de ces  se consomme avec un verre de vin de Jerez, ainsi qu'avec des produits de porc tels que le chorizo, le boudin noir et la saucisse .

Il est généralement consommé avec du radis ou du poivre vert.

Pour enrichir l, d'autres produits sont ajoutés, comme des poivrons grillés, des œufs durs hachés, du jambon en dés bien que

Notes et références

Cuisine espagnole
Spécialité à base d'ail

Ajo caliente


المجموعة التاسعة من تصفيات أوروبا لكأس العالم لكرة القدم 2010 ضمت منتخبات هولندا ، اسكتلندا ، النرويج ، آيسلندا ، و مقدونيا .

احتل منتخب هولندا صدارة المجموعة وتأهل مباشرة إلى بطولة كأس العالم .

الترتيب

النتائج
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</div id="Scotland v Netherlands">

الهدافون
تم تسجيل 44 عدف في 20 مباراة بمعدل 2.2 هدف لكل مباراة .

هدف

 هايدار هيليغسون
 فيغار بول غونارسون
 إيندريدي سيغوردسون
 كريستيان أورون سيغوردسون

 بوبان غرنتشاروف
 فيليب إيفانوفسكي
 إيلتشو ناوموسكي
 غوران بانديف
 أكو ستويكوف

 إلييرو إليا
 نايجل دي يونغ
 جون هيتينغا
 يوريس ماثيسين
 أندري أويير
 روبن فان بيرسي
 أرين روبين

 ثورستين هيلستاد
 إريك هوسيكليب

 كيرك برودفود
 سكوت براون
 ستيفين فليتشر
 روس ماكورماك
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الحضور

مراجع

تصفيات كأس العالم 2010 (أوروبا)
كرة القدم الآيسلندية في 2008
كرة القدم الآيسلندية في 2009
كرة القدم الإسكتلندية في 2008-09
كرة القدم الإسكتلندية في 2009-10
كرة القدم النرويجية في 2008
كرة القدم النرويجية في 2009
كرة القدم الهولندية في 2008-09
هولندا في كأس العالم 2010

تصفيات أوروبا لكأس العالم 2010 المجموعة التاسعة


Crkva sv. Kate «poglavita odvjetnica mjesta» u Novigradu, sagrađena je u 10. stoljeću, ujedno i najstarija crkva općine Novigrad u Zadarskoj Županiji.

Na istoj lokaciji sagrađen je bio samostan sa svojom crkvom sv. Kate. Još su i danas dvije ploče sačuvane s pleternom ornamentikom, dok najljepša treća je nestala. Sa strane glavnih vrata ima dijelove pluteja s pleternim ukrasima, te u krugovima simetričnim grožđe jedu. Turci 1571. je ruše, i obnovljena je 1700. godine. Srušena je ponovo 1891. u potresu. Crkva je 120 godina kasnije u funkciji liturgije, i 24. studenog obnovljenu crkvu blagoslovio je monsinjor Zadarski Želimir Puljić. Obnova je trajala deset godina iz fonda Ministarstva kulture RH i općine Novigrad.

Izvori

Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj
Zadarska županija

Crkva sv. Kate u Novigradu


Cœurs vaillants  est un film français réalisé par Mona Achache et sorti en 2022. Le titre fait référence aux revues pour la jeunesse Cœurs vaillants.

Synopsis

Des enfants juifs sont cachés dans le château de Chambord, au milieu des œuvres d'art cachées du Louvre, dont La Joconde. Dans leur cache, les enfants découvrent notamment des exemplaires de la revue Cœurs vaillants.

Fiche technique

 Titre original : Cœurs vaillants
 Réalisation : Mona Achache
 Scénario : Valérie Zenatti, Mona Achache, Christophe Offenstein, Jean Cottin, Anne Berest
 Musique : Benoit Raul
 Montage : Béatrice Herminie
 Photographie : Isarr Eiriksson
 Direction artistique :
 Costumes : Julie Miel
 Décors : Véronique Sacrez
 Producteur : Jean Cottin
 Sociétés de production : Les films du Cap, Orson Films, Canal+
 Société de distribution : BAC Films
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : français
 Genre : Drame historique
 Format : couleurs - 2,35:1 - 35 mm - Dolby Digital / DTS
 Durée : 85 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 France :

Distribution

 Camille Cottin : Rose
 Swann Arlaud : le conservateur
 Patrick d'Assumçao : le curé
 Anne-Lise Heimburger : l'officier allemand
 Maé Roudet--Rubens : Hannah
 Léo Riehl : Jacques
 Ferdinand Redouloux : Josef
 Lilas-Rose Gilberti : Clara
 Asia Suissa-Fuller : Henriette
 Luka Haggège : Léon
 Félix Nicolas : Paul
 Franck Beckmann : le garde-chasse
 Laurent Hautot : un soldat allemand

Production

Le tournage démarre fin  et se termine le , il a lieu principalement à Chambord et son château. Il se déroule avec un protocole sanitaire stricte lié à la pandémie de Covid-19.

Accueil

Avec  entrées, en première semaine, le film est un échec.

Commentaire
Le personnage de Rose est librement inspiré de celui de Rose Valland, conservatrice de musée qui permit de tracer les spoliations de collections juives.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film français sorti en 2022
Film dramatique français
Film historique français
Film réalisé par Mona Achache
Film scénarisé par Mona Achache
Film se déroulant en Loir-et-Cher
Film tourné en Loir-et-Cher
Film distribué par Bac Films

Cœurs vaillants (film)


පහත දැක්වෙන්නේ දෙමළ කොටි ලෙස හෝ එල්ටීටීඊ ලෙස පොදුවේ හඳුන්වන දෙමළ ඊළාම් විමුක්ති කොටි සංවිධානය විසින් ඝාතනය කරන ලද කැපී පෙනෙන පුද්ගලයින්ගේ ලැයිස්තුවකි .   එල්ටීටීඊය යනු 1983 සහ 2009 අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ උතුරු සහ නැගෙනහිර වෙනම දෙමළ රාජ්‍යයක් සඳහා සටන් කළ උතුරු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පදනම් වූ දැනට අභාවයට ගිය සටන්කාමී සංවිධානයකි  එල්ටීටීඊ සංවිධානය 2009 මැයි මාසයේදී ශ්‍රී ලංකා හමුදාව විසින් තීරණාත්මක ලෙස පරාජය කරන ලද අතර එය එක්සත් ජනපදය, එක්සත් රාජධානිය, කැනඩාව, ඉන්දියාව, මැලේසියාව, ශ්‍රී ලංකාව සහ යුරෝපා සංගමයේ සාමාජික රටවල් 27 ඇතුළු රටවල් 33 ක් විසින් තහනම් කර ඇත.  එල්ටීටීඊය සිය බලයේ උච්චතම අවස්ථාවෙහිදී, හොඳින් වර්ධනය වූ මිලීෂියාව සතු වූ අතර, ඉන්දීය අගමැතිවරයකු, ශ්‍රී ලංකා ජනාධිපතිවරයකු සහ තවත් ඉහළ පෙළේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දේශපාලනඥයන් කිහිප දෙනෙකුගේ ඝාතන ඇතුළු ඉහළ පෙළේ ප්‍රහාර රැසක් සිදු කළේය.     එල්.ටී.ටී.ඊ.යේ ඝාතන ප්‍රයත්නවලින් දිවි ගලවා ගත් සමහර කැපී පෙනෙන පුද්ගලයන් ද මෙම ලැයිස්තුවේ පහළට ඇතුළත් වේ.

රාජ්‍ය සහ රජයේ ප්‍රධානීන්

 රණසිංහ ප්‍රේමදාස   - ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ හිටපු ජනාධිපති
 රජීව් ගාන්ධි   - ඉන්දියාවේ හිටපු අගමැති

ආණ්ඩුවේ ඇමැතිවරු

 ලලිත් ඇතුලත්මුදලි   - හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වෙළඳ, ජාතික ආරක්ෂාව, කෘෂිකර්ම, අධ්‍යාපන සහ ආරක්ෂක නියෝජ්‍ය අමාත්‍ය.
 ගාමිණී දිසානායක   - එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයේ හිටපු ජනාධිපති අපේක්ෂක සහ විපක්ෂ නායක, හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා වාරිමාර්ග, විදුලිබල, මහාමාර්ග, ඉඩම්, ඉඩම් සංවර්ධන, වැවිලි කර්මාන්ත, මහවැලි සහ මහවැලි සංවර්ධන අමාත්‍ය සහ හිටපු සභාපති ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් මණ්ඩලය
 රන්ජන් විජේරත්න   - හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා කැබිනට් විදේශ කටයුතු, වැවිලි කර්මාන්ත සහ ආරක්ෂක රාජ්‍ය අමාත්‍ය
 ලක්ෂ්මන් කදිරගාමර්   ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ විදේශ කටයුතු පිළිබඳ හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා කැබිනට් අමාත්‍ය, ප්‍රසිද්ධ දෙමළ රාජ්‍ය තාන්ත්‍රිකයෙක්, දේශපාලනඥයෙක් සහ නීතීඥයෙක්.
 ජෙයරාජ් ප්‍රනාන්දුපුල්ලේ  - මහාමාර්ග සහ මාර්ග සංවර්ධන හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා කැබිනට් අමාත්‍ය, ශ්‍රී ලංකා පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ ආණ්ඩු පක්ෂයේ ප්‍රධාන සංවිධායක
 CV ගුණරත්න   - හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කර්මාන්ත සංවර්ධන කැබිනට් අමාත්‍යවරයා.
 වීරසිංහ මල්ලිමාරච්චි   - ආහාර, සමුපකාර, සහ ජනසවිය-දිළිඳුකම පිටුදැකීම පිළිබඳ හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා කැබිනට් අමාත්‍ය
 GM ප්‍රේමචන්ද්‍ර   - හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා කම්කරු සහ වෘත්තීය පුහුණු අමාත්‍ය
 DM දසනායක  - ජාතිය ගොඩනැගීමේ හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා කැබිනට් නොවන අමාත්‍යවරයා

ශ්‍රී ලංකා පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රීවරුන්

 ඔසී අබේගුණසේකර   - ශ්‍රී ලංකා මහජන පක්ෂයේ හිටපු සභාපති සහ නායක, 1989 ජනාධිපතිවරණයේ හිටපු අපේක්ෂකයා
 A. අමිර්තලිංගම්   - ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රමුඛ දෙමළ දේශපාලනඥයා සහ හිටපු විපක්ෂ නායක .
 A. තංගතුරෙයි  - හිටපු දෙමළ එක්සත් විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ (TULF) ත්‍රිකුණාමලය දිස්ත්‍රික් පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී.
 ඇල්ෆ්‍රඩ් දොරේඅප්පා  - යාපනය දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂ මන්ත්‍රී සහ යාපනයේ හිටපු නගරාධිපති .
 එම්. කනගරත්නම්  දෙමළ එක්සත් විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ පොතුවිල් හිටපු පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී
 AL අබ්දුල් මජීඩ්  - Mutur සඳහා හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂ මන්ත්‍රීවරයෙකි
 එස්.ෂන්මුගනාදන්  ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී ජනතා විමුක්ති පෙරමුණේ වන්නි දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ හිටපු පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී
 නිමලන් සෞන්දරනායගම්  - දෙමළ එක්සත් විමුක්ති පෙරමුණේ මඩකලපු දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ හිටපු පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී
 සෑම් තම්බිමුත්තු   හිටපු ඊළාම් ජනතා විප්ලවවාදී විමුක්ති පෙරමුණ මඩකලපුව දිස්ත්‍රික් පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී
 නීලන් තිරුචෙල්වම්   - විද්වතෙක්, ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රියාකාරිකයෙක්, නීති සම්පාදකයෙක්, නීතිඥයෙක්, සමාජ විද්‍යාඥයෙක් සහ දේශපාලනඥයෙක්. ජාතික ලැයිස්තුවෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකා පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ හිටපු මන්ත්‍රී
 ජී. යෝගසංගරි  - යාපනය දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ හිටපු ඊළාම් ජනතා විප්ලවවාදී විමුක්ති පෙරමුණේ මන්ත්‍රී
 වී. යෝගේස්වරන්   දෙමළ එක්සත් විමුක්ති පෙරමුණේ යාපනය දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ හිටපු පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී

ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ හමුදා සහ පොලිස් නිලධාරීන්

 අද්මිරාල් ක්ලැන්සි ප්‍රනාන්දු  - ශ්‍රී ලංකා නාවික හමුදාවේ හිටපු ආඥාපති
 ලුතිනන් ජෙනරාල් ඩෙන්සිල් කොබ්බෑකඩුව   - ජෙනරාල් අණදෙන නිලධාරී, උතුරු අංශය, ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද හමුදාව
 ලුතිනන් ජෙනරාල් පාරමී කුලතුංග  - නියෝජ්‍ය මාණ්ඩලික ප්‍රධානී, ශ්‍රී ලංකා හමුදාව
 ලුතිනන් ජෙනරාල් නලින් අංගම්මන  - ජෙනරාල් අණදෙන නිලධාරී, 3 වන යුධ සේනාංකය, ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුධ හමුදාව
 මේජර් ජෙනරාල් ලකී විජයරත්න  - හිටපු ආඥාපති, 22 බලසේනාව, ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද හමුදාව
 මේජර් ජෙනරාල් ලැරී විජේරත්න  -හිටපු බලසේනාධිපති, 51-4 බලසේනාව
 මේජර් ජෙනරාල් ලක්ෂ්මන් අල්ගම  - ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද හමුදාවේ හිටපු මාණ්ඩලික ප්‍රධානී
 මේජර් ජෙනරාල් විජය විමලරත්න   - යාපනයේ හිටපු ආඥාපති, ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුධ හමුදාව
 මේජර් ජෙනරාල් පර්සි ප්‍රනාන්දු  - හිටපු නියෝජ්‍ය සාමාන්‍ය නිලධාරි අණදෙන නිලධාරී, 54 සේනාංකය, ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද හමුදාව
 මේජර් ජෙනරාල් ආනන්ද හමන්ගොඩ  - හිටපු බලසේනාධිපති, 51-2 බලසේනාව, ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුධ හමුදාව
 මේජර් ජෙනරාල් සුසන්ත මෙන්ඩිස්  - හිටපු බලසේනාධිපති, 51-4 බලසේනාව
 මේජර් ජෙනරාල් ජානක පෙරේරා  - ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද හමුදාවේ හිටපු මාණ්ඩලික ප්‍රධානී, ඕස්ට්‍රේලියාවේ හිටපු මහ කොමසාරිස් සහ ඉන්දුනීසියාවේ තානාපති, උතුරු මැද පළාත් සභාවේ හිටපු විපක්ෂ නායක
 රියර් අද්මිරාල් මොහාන් ජයමහ   - හිටපු ආඥාපති, උතුරු නාවික ප්‍රදේශය, ශ්‍රී ලංකා නාවික හමුදාව
 එයාර් කොමදෝරු ශිරන්ත ගුණතිලක  - ශ්‍රී ලංකා ගුවන් හමුදාවේ අංක 1 පියාසර පුහුණු පක්‍ෂයේ හිටපු අණදෙන නිලධාරි
 කර්නල් තුවාන් නිසාම් මුතාලිෆ්   - හිටපු අණදෙන නිලධාරි, 1 වන බලඇණිය, හමුදා බුද්ධි බළකාය, ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද හමුදාව
 ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ නියෝජ්‍ය පොලිස්පති ටීඑන් ද සිල්වා   - SDIG, කොළඹ පරාසය, ශ්‍රී ලංකා පොලිසිය
 ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ පොලිස් අධිකාරී චන්ද්‍රා පෙරේරා  - හිටපු ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ පොලිස් අධිකාරී, යාපනය
 සහකාර පොලිස් අධිකාරී අයිවන් බොතේජු  - හිටපු සහකාර අධිකාරි, කල්මුණේ, ශ්‍රී ලංකා පොලිසිය

නාහිමියන්

 කිතලගම ශ්‍රී සීලාලංකාර හිමි  - දිඹුලාගල රජ මහා විහාරාධිපති, උතුරු හා නැගෙනහිර පළාත්වල හිටපු ප්‍රධාන සංඝනායක
 හෑගොඩ ශ්‍රී ඉන්ද්‍රසාර හිමි  - අම්පාර - විද්‍යානන්ද මහා පිරිවෙනේ විහාරාධිපති, උතුරු හා නැගෙනහිර පළාත්වල හිටපු ප්‍රධාන සංඝනායක
 සිවශ්‍රී කුංගරාජා කුරුක්කල්  - ත්‍රිකුණාමලයේ කෝනේශ්වරම් විහාරස්ථානයේ හිටපු ප්‍රධාන පණ්ඩිත
 සෙල්ලියා පරමේෂ්වරන් කුරුක්කල්   - මඩකලපුව, සන්තිවේලි පිල්ලෙයාර් කෝවිලේ ප්‍රධාන පුජාරි

ක්‍රියාකාරීන් සහ මාධ්‍යවේදීන්

 චෙල්වි ත්‍යාගරාජා  - තෝලි නම් ස්ත්‍රීවාදී සඟරාවේ නිර්මාතෘ, 1992 දී ජාත්‍යන්තර PEN සම්මානලාභී
 බාලනදරාජා අයියර්   - ශ්‍රී ලාංකික දෙමළ ක්‍රියාකාරිකයෙක්, ලේඛකයෙක් සහ කවියෙක්
 කෙතේෂ් ලෝගනාදන්  - දෙමළ දේශපාලන ක්‍රියාකාරිකයෙක්, මානව හිමිකම් වෙනුවෙන් පෙනී සිටින සහ සාම ක්‍රියාවලිය සම්බන්ධීකරණ ලේකම් කාර්යාලයේ (SCOPP) නියෝජ්‍ය මහලේකම්.
 රාජනී තිරාණගම  - විශ්වවිද්‍යාල කථිකාචාර්ය, දෙමළ මානව හිමිකම් ක්‍රියාකාරිනිය සහ ස්ත්‍රීවාදියෙකි
 රේලංගි සෙල්වරාජා  - දෙමළ විකාශක සහ නිළිය.

අන් අය

 CE ආනන්දරාජා  - ශ්‍රී ලාංකික අධ්‍යාපනඥයෙක් සහ යාපනයේ ශාන්ත ජෝන් විද්‍යාලයේ හිටපු විදුහල්පතිවරයෙකි.
 VM පංචලිංගම්  - ප්‍රමුඛ ශ්‍රී ලාංකික දෙමළ සිවිල් සේවකයෙකු සහ යාපනයේ හිටපු දිස්ත්‍රික් ලේකම්
 එස්. නඩරාජා  - ශ්‍රී ලාංකික දෙමළ නීතිඥයෙක්, දේශපාලනඥයෙක් සහ ලංකා සෙනෙට් සභාවේ හිටපු සාමාජිකයෙක්.
 සරෝජිනී යෝගේස්වරන්   - යාපනයේ හිටපු නගරාධිපතිනිය
 ගෝපාලස්වාමි මහේන්ද්‍රරාජා  - කොටි සංවිධානයේ හිටපු නියෝජ්‍ය නායකයෙකි
 උමා මහේෂ්වරන්   - දෙමළ ඊළාම් මහජන විමුක්ති සංවිධානයේ නිර්මාතෘ .
 කුමාරස්වාමි නන්දගෝපන්  - දෙමළ මක්කල් විදුතලෙයි පුලිකල් හි හිටපු සභාපති

ඝාතන තැත් කළා

 චන්ද්‍රිකා කුමාරතුංග   - ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ හිටපු ජනාධිපති
 මෛත්‍රීපාල සිරිසේන   - ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ හිටපු ජනාධිපති, හිටපු සෞඛ්‍ය හා කෘෂිකර්ම අමාත්‍ය
 ෆීල්ඩ් මාර්ෂල් සරත් ෆොන්සේකා  - ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද හමුදාවේ දහඅටවන හමුදාපති
 ගෝඨාභය රාජපක්ෂ   - ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ හිටපු ජනාධිපති, ආරක්ෂක අමාත්‍යාංශයේ හිටපු ලේකම්, ශ්‍රී ලංකාව
 ඩග්ලස් දේවානන්ද   - ඊළාම් ජනතා ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී පක්ෂයේ නායකයා
 නිමල් සිරිපාල ද සිල්වා  - ශ්‍රී ලංකා පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ වත්මන් ප්‍රවාහන අමාත්‍ය

සටහන්

යොමු කිරීම්

CS1 maint: unfit URL

දෙමළ ඊළාම් විමුක්ති කොටි සංවිධානය විසින් ඝාතනය කරන ලද පුද්ගලයින්ගේ ලැයිස්තුව


An Taeniophyllum whistleri in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Phillip James Cribb. An Taeniophyllum whistleri in nahilalakip ha genus nga Taeniophyllum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Samoa. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Taeniophyllum

Taeniophyllum whistleri


Henriod steht für:

 Henriod Frères, Schweizer Automobilhersteller
 Henriod et Cie, französischer Automobilhersteller

Henriod ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Charles-Edouard Henriod (1866–1941), Schweizer Automobilkonstrukteur
 Fritz Henriod (1861–1925), Schweizer Automobilunternehmer
 Henri-Louis Henriod (1887–1970), Schweizer Theologe
 Jean-François Henriod (1763–1825), französischer General
 Louis-Constant Henriod (1814–1874), Schweizer evangelischer Geistlicher

Siehe auch:
 Henriot

Henriod


مجلة تان تان  (النسخة الفرنسية)، أو كويفجي (النسخة الهولندية)، هي مجلة هزلية كاريكاتورية أنشأت في النصف الثاني من القرن العشرين. وبما انها تحمل العنوان الفرعي «مجلة للشباب من سن 7 حتي 77»، فقد كانت أحد المصادر الرئيسية للرسوم الهزلية في فرنسا، وبلجيكا، وقد نشرت بعض المسلسلات الشهيرة مثل بلاك ومورتيمر، أليكس، والمسلسل الذي يحمل عنوانها الرئيسي «مغامرات تان تان». وقد أصدرت الطبعة الأولى عام 1946، وتوقفت عن الصدور في عام 1993.

مجلة تان تان كانت جزءا من خطة نشرية مدبرة. ركز المحتى الرئيسي للمجلة على صفحة أو صفحتين جديدتين من عدة ألبومات هزلية مقبلة والتي لم يتم بعد نشرها كمجموعة، مما جذب العديد من القراء اسبوعيا المتلهفين لمعرفة لاحداث ولا يستطيعون الانتظار لوقت إصدار الالبوم الكامل. هناك العديد من القصص المسلسلة في أي وقت معين، مع إعطاء فرص في العرض لفنانين أقل شهرة. كانت مجلة تان تان متاحة على شكل مجموعة من الأغلفة الصلبة أو الاغلفة الرقيقة. كان المحتوى دائما يتضمن العديد من المواد، بعضها كان موضع اهتمام عدد كبير من القراء، على سبيل المثال كان هناك نسخ بديلة لصفحات من قصص تان تان، ومقابلات مع الكتاب والفنانين. ولم يكن كل ظهور كوميدي في مجلة تان تان المصورة يعرض في وقت لاحق على شكل كتاب، الأمر الذي شجع القراء على الاشتراك في المجلة. وإذا كانت جودة طباعة مجلة تان تان عالية بالمقارنة مع الكتب الأمريكية المصورة في السبعينيات، فإن بعض أنواع الألبومات كانت رائعة، وذلك باستخدام أوراق وعمليات طباعة مكلفة (مع وجود أسعار عالية مصاحبة).

البدايات: 1946 حتى 1949
أنشأ كل من ريمون لوبلان وشركاؤه دار نشر صغيرة في البداية بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية، وحينها قرروا إنشاء مجلة مصورة للشباب. وتم اختيار تان تان ليكون البطل المثالي، لأنه كان بالفعل معروفا جيدا. ذهب آندريه سيناف الشريك التجاري لزيارة هيرجي، وعرض إنشاء المجلة. وكانت تجري محاكمة هيرجي، الذي عمل لحساب مجلة le soir (أي المساء) خلال الحرب، بتهمة التعاون مع الألمان. وبالتالي لم يكن لديهم أي ناشر آنذاك. ثم وافق هيرجي بعد التشاور مع صديقه إدغار بيير جاكوبس. ونشر أول عدد في 26 سبتمبر 1946، كانت في اللغة الفرنسية بعنوان تان تان. وظهر فيها كل من هيجي، جاكوبس، بول كوفيلير وجاك لاودي كفنانين. وبحركة غير مقصود، تم نشر نسخة هولندية بعنوان كويفجي وتم اقرار اسم كويفجي ليكون اسم تان تان في اللغة الهولندية. وتم طباعة 40,000 نسخة باللغة الفرنسية، و 20,000 في اللغة الهولندية. في عام 1948، ازداد حجم المجلة من 12 إلى 20 صفحة، وتم إنشاء نسخة لفرنسا، وانضم عدد من الفنانين الشباب الجدد إلى الفريق مثل: ايتيين لي غاليك، جاك مارتن، دينو اتاناسيو وويلي فاندرستين الفلمنجي.

بالنسبة لنسخة اللغة الهولندية Kuifje، تم تعيين محرر منفصل لها وهو كاريل فان مليغهيم. وقام باختراع الشعار الشهير «مجلة للشباب من عمر 7 حتى 77»، وأعطى ريمون لوبلان فكرة استوديو بلفيجن للرسوم المتحركة، والذي أصبح أكبر استوديو أوروبي للرسوم المتحركة وانتج 10 أفلام طويلة، بما في ذلك عدد قليل من تان تان. وكان فان ميلغهام من قدم بوب دي مور لكل من المجلة ولهيرجي. ثم أصبح بعد ذلك منتظما في المجلة والفنان الرئيسي في استوديو هيرجي. خلال عقود من الزمن، حافظ هيرجي على سيطرته على المجلة الفنية، على الرغم من أنه كان غائبا في بعض الأحيان لفترات طويلة وأصبح من النادر ايجاد أعمال جديدة له. كان له تأثير واضح للغاية في «سوسكي اون ويسكي» حيث فرض على فاندرستين إعطاء اهتماما أكبر للسيناريوهات، القطع، الديكورات، مما أدى إلى أفضل ألبومات سوسكي اون ويسكي.

قسيمة تان تان
من اجل الحفاظ على قرائها المخلصين، خلقت المجلة نوعا من جوازات السفر، سميت «شيك تان تان» في فرنسا و«طوابع تان تان» في بلجيكا، والني كانت تقدم مع كل عدد من اعداد المجلة، وفي كل ألبوم فكاهي من لي لومبارد، وعلى العديد من المنتجات الغذائية أيضا. ويمكن أن تتم مبادلة هذه الطوابع بهدايا مختلفة لا تتوافر في المنشآت التجارية. وانتسبت العديد من العلامات التجارية الأخرى، ومعظمها من شركات المواد الغذائية، إلى نظام قسائم تان تان: وأصبحت موجودة على الطحين وصناديق سميد... وكان هناك صودا «تان تان»، واحذيو «تان تان». ووصل الامر بشركة السكك الحديد الفرنسية إلى حد اقتراح 100 كم من النقل بالسكك الحديدية مقابل 800 طابع.
و كانت هناك من بين الهدايا «السوبر كرومو» المستخرجة من اعداد المجلة، أو حتى الفن الأصلي.

و في فترة انطلاق هذه القسائم، كانت المجلة تبيع 80,000 نسخة في بلجيكا و70،000 فقط في فرنسا. نظرا لنجاح هذه القسائم، ارتفع معدل التداول في فرنسا إلى 300,000 اسبوعيا. ولكن القسائم اختفت مرة أخرى في نهاية الستينات.

الخمسينات
ظهرت اعداد ونجوم جديدة في الخمسينات:
 ظهر التبت مع عمله الدعابي الغربي الفرخ بيل والسلسلة البوليسية ريك هوشيت
 ريمون ماخيروت، مع سلسلته البوليسية كليفتون
 جان غراتون في ميشيل فايان
 البرت اوديرزو ورينيه جوسشينيفي اومبا-با

و حصدت المجلة نجاحا ودولية أكبر: في نفس الوقت، كانت هناك روايات منفصلة لفرنسا وسويسرا وكندا وبلجيكا وهولندا، مع حوالي 600,000 نسخة أسبوعيا. وازداد حجم المجلة إلى 32 صفحة، وتم إصدار نسخة ارخص كذلك: "شي نو (في بيتنا) (باللغة الفرنسية) /  ونس فولسكس (باللغة الهولندية)، طبعت على ورق أرخص، واحتوت على نسخ معادة من مجلة تان تان، بالإضافة إلى بعض السلسلات الجديدة من التبت واستوديو فاندرستين.

المنافسة بين سبيرو وتان تان
كانت مجلة تان تان دائما في منافسة مع سبيرو. إذا تم نشر عمل أحد الفنانين في إحدى المجلتين، فانه لن يتم نشرها من قبل الأخرى. هذا كان اتفاق جنتلمان بين الناشرين الاثنين، ريمون لوبلانك من لو لومبارد وتشارلز دوبوي من دوبوي. الاستثناء الوحيد البارز كان أندريه فرانكوين، والذي انتقل في عام 1955، بعد خلاف مع رئيس تحرير سبيرو، والتي كانت أكثر شعبية إلى تان تان.  وشرعان ما تمت تسوية الخلاف، ولكن فرانكوين كان قد وقع الاتفاق مع تان تان لمدة خمس سنوات. واصدرموديست وبومبون" لتان تان في الوقت الذي واصل العمل من أجل سبيرو. ولكنه تركتان تان بعد انتهاء عقده. وانتقل بعض الفنانين من سبيرو لتان تان مثل ايدي بابي وليليان وفريد فنكن، في حين ذهب البعض من تان تان لسبيرو مثل ريمون ماخيروت وبيرك.

الستينات
في ستينات القرن العشرين استمرت المجلة في جذب الفنانين الجدد. واتجه خط التحرير بشكل واضح نحو الهزل، مع جريج (بوصفه المحرر التنفيذي ومؤلف سلسلة مثل الطبعة الجديدة من زيج وبوس، و جو ايل عزرة (في تاكا تكاتا)، وداني (في أوليفييه رامو) ودوبا (في كوبيتوس). كتاب آخرون انضموا إلى مجلة مثل وليم فانس (في «رينجو» وبرونو برازيل وهيرمان (في الأمير برنارد).

السبعينات
مرت الرسومات الهزلية في السبعينات في كل من فرنسا وبلجيكا بتغييرات مهمة. وكان قد قل الاتجاه نحو المجلات وزادت موضة الالبومات في اخر الستينات. في عام 1965، عين جريج رئيس تحرير. فقام بتحويل خط التحرير من أجل الحفاظ على نفس الوتيرة مع خلق طريقة جديدة للتفكير في ذلك الوقت. واكتسبت الشخصيات ابعادا نفسية وظهرت شخصيات المرأة الحقيقية والجنس. وتم إضافة سلسلة جديدة من الفنانين الاجانب الجدد. واختفت المواعظ والتراجم الطويلة كذلك. كللت هذه التحولات بالنجاح، مما أهّل المجلة إلى جائزة كيد الصفراء في مهرجان لوكا للكوميديا، التي منحت للمجلة في عام 1972 لأفضل نشر في هذا العام. استقال جريج من منصب رئيس التحرير في عام 1974.
الكتّاب الجدد الرئيسيين في فترة السبعينات هم:
 ديرب (الأصدقاء في الطرق الطويلة)
 فرانز (يوغرطة)
 خوسيه (جوناثان)
 جيل شايليت (فاسكو)
 جان كلود سيرفيه
 هوغو برات (كورتو المالطية)
 سوف ايزنر (الروح)

و هناك أكثر في السياق الهزلي:
 تيرك ودي غروت في "روبن دوبوا".

الثمانينات والتسعينات
أظهرت سنوات الثمانينات انخفاضا في شعبية مجلة تان تان، مع محاولات مختلفة وقصيرة لجذب جمهور جديد. وفضّل المراهقين والبالغين (آ سويفغ (للملاحقة))، في حال كانوا يقرأون القصص المصورة على الإطلاق، أما الأطفال الصغار فقد بدوا أقل ميلا إلى قراءة المجلات الهزلية ووفضّلوا الكتب المصورة. ومع ضلك، بدأ بعض الكتاب والسلسلات الجديدة المهمين، بما في ذلك غجيغوج روسينسكي، في "ثورغال"، وأندرياس في رورك.

في عام 1988، انخفض تداول النسخة الفرنسية إلى 100,000، وعند انتهاء العقد المبرم بين اسرة هيرجي وريمون لوبلان، تم تغيير الاسم إلى «تان تان المراسل» وحاول آلان وباران، صديق هيرجي احياء المجلة. جاء اختفاء المجلة بعد ستة أشهر، تاركا وراءه كارثة مالية. انخفض تداول مجلة بشكل كبير، وتوقف نشر النسخة الهولندية كويفجي في عام 1992، واما النسخة الفرنسية، فقد أعيدت تسميتها إلى «مرحبا بالرسوم المصورة»، وثم اختفت أخيرا في عام 1993.

الطبعات الدولية

كان هناك نسخة باللغة اليونانية خلال 1969-1972.
و هناك الطبعة المصرية (العربية) من سبتمبر 1971 حتى ديسمبر 1980

النسخة العربية

صدرت مجلة تان تان أسبوعياً لأكثر من عشر سنوات ابتداءً من عام 1971م، تصدر عن شركة تراد يكسيم، وهي شركة مساهمة سويسرية، وفي مصر كانت توزع وتطبع في مؤسسة الأهرام، يرأس التحرير الدكتور محمد فؤاد إبراهيم الذي شارك بالكتابة في الكثير من الأعداد، توقفت المجلة عن الصدور عام 1980م، شعار المجلة على الغلاف مجلة أسبوعية مصورة للشباب من 7 إلى 17 سنة، ليست هناك إشارة إلى بقية العاملين في المجلة باعتبار أن المجلة تقوم على الترجمة في المقام الأول، تعتمد المجلة على نشر الرسوم الكرتونية التي تناسب الشباب أكثر من الأطفال، أما المواد التحريرية فهي أقل بالنسبة لعدد الصفحات ومنشورة في صفحات أبيض وأسود، الشخصية الرئيسية هي تان تان، من تأليف ورسوم الفنان الفرنسي هيرجيه الذي مات عام 1981م، فتوقفت شخصية تان تان تماماً عن الظهور عقب رحيله، مما أدى إلى إيقاف المجلة وباعتبارها مجلة أسبوعية فإن القصص الفرنسية المنشورة تستكمل عادة في الأعداد القادمة، والأعداد العربية هي صورة طبق الأصل من الأعداد الصادرة بالفرنسية عدا مساهمات القراء التحريرية، أهم شخصيات الكرتون في المجلة من بعد تان تان هي بوب موران، وباريلي، أليكس، بونار براتس، ميشيل فايان.

عدد صفحات الكرتون في العدد الواحد قد يصل إلى 32 صفحة من بين 42 صفحة، أي أن كافة الصفحات الملونة في المجلة مخصصة في المقام الأول للاستربس. القطع 29×21سم، لا تتضمن الأعداد أي مقدمة، وليس هناك كتاب بأعينهم، حتى الأجنبي منها،  ولا يشار إلى اسم المؤلف أو الرسام، عدا هيرجيه صاحب الامتياز، كما تخلو المجلة من الملاحق، أما الصفحات الداخلية فهي عن الثقافة الفرنسية مثل صفحات عن الفنانين، والشخصيات الشهيرة في فرنسا، بالإضافة إلى «أضف إلى معلوماتك» وعادة ما يكتب رئيس التحرير مقالاً موقعاً بالحروف الأولى من اسمه، كما أن هناك فقرات عن العلوم والحياة، وعن الفنون، أما مساهمات القراء فتتمثل في خطاباتهم، وإبداعهم في مجال الرسم والتأليف، والقراء عادة من أغلب البلاد العربية خاصة سوريا، لا تنشر المجلة صور القراء إلا قليلاً، سعر المجلة في مصر عام 1979م 150 مليماً، وهي توزع في كل أنحاء العالم العربي، والمراسلات كانت تتم على المركز العربي الدولي للإعلام بالزمالك، تعتمد المجلة على الإعلانات الخاصة بسلع تخص الأطفال، مثل مجلات ديزني التي كانت تصدرها شركة أديتريد، جينيت، وأيضاً ألعاب الأطفال، الغلاف يخلو تماماً من إشارات إلى مواد العدد.

الكتّاب والسلسلات الرئيسيين
 إدوار ايدنز: تونغا، بوب بن، مارك فرانفال
 جو ايل عزارة: تاكا تكاتا
 دينو أتانازيو: السباغيتي
 بارا: ماكس المستكشف، كرو-مجنون
 برك: سترابونتين
 جوردون بيس: العين الحمراء
 بوم: جولي، كلير، سيسيل والاخرون...
 كوسيه: جوناثان
 فرانسوا كراينهالس: راكب الحصان المتحمس، بوم وتيدي
 بول كوفيليير: كورنتان
 داني: اوليفييه رامو
 بوب دي غروت: كليفتون، روبن دوبوا
 بوب دي مور: باريللي، بروفيسور تريك
 كريستيانديناير: آلان شيفالييه، كاسير
 ديرب:  أصدقاء على الطريق الطويل، الذهاب غربا، ياكاري
 [[أندريه بول ديشاتو/0} : ريك هوشيت، الفرخ بيل|أندريه بول ديشاتو/0} : ريك هوشيت، الفرخ بيل]]
 دوبا: كوبيتوس، كلوروفيل
 أندريه فرانكوين: موديست وبومبون
 فريد وليليان فنكن: منوعات من الكاريكاتيرات التاريخية
 جيري: السيد ماجلان
 كريستيان غودار: مارتن ميلان
 رينيه جوسكيني: اومبا-با، السباغيتي
 جان جراتون: ميشيل فايان
 جريج: زيج، بوس وألفريد، الأمير برنارد ، الفرخ بيل الخ.
 هاشيل: بنيامين
 هيرجي: تان تان، جو، زت وجوكو، كويك وفلابك
 هيرمان: الأمير برنارد، كومانتش
 إدغار بيار جاكوبس: بليك ومورتيمر
 ريمون ماكيروت: كلوروفيل، كليفتون
 جاك مارتن: أليكس، وفرانك
 ميتاي: الرغبة غير المرغوبة ، 3A،  موديست وبومبون
 مومينو: ريفيفي
 ايدي بابي: لوك الشرقي
 ريمون ريدنج: ياري، قسم البحث
 غجيغوج روسينكي: ثورغال
 سيدني: جولي، كلير، سيسيل والآخرون...
 التبت: ريك هوشيت، الفرخ بيل
 ترك: كليفتون، روبن دوبوا
 ألبرت اوديرزو: اومبا-با
 جان فان هام: ثورغال
 وليام فانس: برونو والبرازيل، وبوب موران
 ويلي فاندرستين: بوب وبوبيت
 فيك: تاكا تكاتا
 ألبرت وينبرغ: دان كوبر

ملاحظات

مصادر
 ملف وقضية مؤشر تان تان البلجيكية
 والفرنسية تان تان  بي-دوبلييه

الحواشي

وصلات خارجية
 تان تان مجلة هزلية على لامبيك كوميكلوبيديا«الموسوعة الكوميدية»
 تواريخ نشر قصص «تان تان». في Tintinologist.org

انحلالات سنة 1993 في بلجيكا
تأسيسات سنة 1946 في بلجيكا
تان تان
قصص مصورة انتهت في 1993
قصص مصورة ظهرت لأول مرة في 1946
قصص مصورة فرنسو بلجيكية
مجلات أسبوعية
مجلات أطفال بلجيكية
مجلات أطفال مترجمة إلى العربية
مجلات انحلت في 1993
مجلات باللغة الفرنسية
مجلات أسست في 1946
مجلات سابقة في بلجيكا
منشوات قصص مصورة
مجلات باللغة العربية

تان تان (مجلة)


Skogn  er þéttbýli i Levanger sveitarfélaginu í Þrændalögum í Noregi. Í byggð eru 1.690 íbúar.

Skogn er við E6, 7,5 km suður af miðbæ Levanger. Skogn er stöðvarbær á Trønderbanen járnbrautarlínunni.

Stærsti vinnuveitandinn í Skogn er pappírsverksmiðja Norske Skog. Verksmiðjan sér aðallega um að útvega pappír á Evrópumarkað. Norske Skog Skogn er stór iðnaðarvinnustaður með u.þ.b. 450 fastráðnir starfsmenn.

Grunn- og framhaldsskólinn á Skogni er staðsettur í miðbæ Skógnar.  Skogn Folkehøgskole er frístandandi lýðháskóli á Skógnum.

Alstadhaugskirkja er steinkirkja frá 1180 í Skogn. Kirkjan er byggð á milli rómverskra og gotneskra byggingarstíla.

Skogn var miðpunktur Intrønder smásýslu Skeynafylki, sem innihélt einnig Levanger, Frol, Ytterøy og Mosvik. Hin ríkulega skreytta Alstadhaug kirkja er fallega staðsett á hæð með víðáttumiklu útsýni yfir þorpið og Þrándheimsfjörð, var reist á milli rómverska og gotneska tímabilsins árið 1180 og þjónaði sem sýslukirkja. Samkvæmt hefð á höfðinginn Ølvir að vera jarðaður í haugi við þessa kirkju.

Bæir í Þrændalögum

Skogn


ගණිතයේ දී පයිතගරස් ප්‍රමේයය යනු යුක්ලීඩ් ජ්‍යාමිතියේ සෘජුකෝණී ත්‍රිකෝණයක පාද තුන අතර සම්බන්ධයකි. සාම්ප්‍රදායිකව මෙම ප්‍රමේයය සොයා ගෙන සාධනය කළා යැයි සැලකෙන ග්‍රීක ජාතික ගණිතඥයකු වන පයිතගරස් හට ගෞරවයක් ලෙස පයිතගරස් ප්‍රමේය ලෙස නම් කළ ද ඔහුට ප්‍රථමයෙන් මෙම ප්‍ර‍මේයය භාවිතයේ තිබී ඇත.

ප්‍රමේයයෙහි ප්‍රතිවිපාක සහ ප්‍රයෝජන

පයිතගර ත්‍රිත්ව
පයිතගර ත්‍රිත්වය  ලෙස වන a, b, සහ c යන ධන නිඛිල තුනකින් සමන්විත වේ. වෙනත් ආකාරයකින් සඳහන් කරන්නේ නම් පයිතගරස් ත්‍රිත්වය මගින් සියලු පාදවල දිග ධන නිඛිලවන සෘජුකෝණී ත්‍රිකෝණයක පාදයන්හි දිග නිරූපණය කරයි. උතුරු යුරෝපයේ විශාල ශිලා ස්මාරකවල සාක්ෂි මගින් ලිවීම සොයා ගැනීමටත් පෙර මෙවැනි ත්‍රිත්ව දැන සිටි බවට සාක්ෂි දක්නට ලැබේ. මෙවැනි ත්‍රිත්වයක් පොදුවේ (a, b, c) ලෙස ලියනු ලැබේ. (3, 4, 5) හා (5, 12, 13) ඉතා හොඳින් හඳුනන නිදසුන් වේ.

100 දක්වා  වූ මූලික පයිතගරස් ත්‍රිත්ව ලැයිස්තු‍ව පහත පරිදි වේ.

( 3, 4, 5), ( 5, 12, 13), ( 7, 24, 25), ( 8, 15, 17), ( 9, 40, 41), (11, 60, 61), (12, 35, 37), (13, 84, 85), (16, 63, 65), (20, 21, 29), (28, 45, 53), (33, 56, 65), (36, 77, 85), (39, 80, 89), (48, 55, 73), (65, 72, 97)

අපරිමේය සංඛ්‍යාවල පැවැත්ම
පයිතගරස් ප්‍රමේයයෙහි එක් ප්‍රතිඵලයක් වන්නේ දෙකෙහි වර්ග මූලය () වැනි අපරිමේය සංඛ්‍යා ගොඩනැගිය හැකි වීමයි. බද්ධ පාද දෙකෙහිම දිග ඒකක එකක් වන සෘජු කෝණී ත්‍රිකෝණයක  ක දිගක් ඇති විකර්ණයක් ඇත. පයිතගරස් හා ඔහුගේ අනුගාමිකයන්  අපරිමේය බව සාධනය කළ අතර අද එය අප අතරට ද පැමිණ තිබේ. නමුත් ඔවුන්ගේම දැඩි විශ්වාසයට මෙය පටහැනි විය. පුරා වෘත්තාන්තවලට අනුව ප්‍රථමයෙන්ම වර්ගමූල දෙක අපරිමේය යැයි සාධනය කළ හිපාසස් (Hippasus) කළ වරදට දඬුවම් ලෙස මුහුදේ ගිල්වා මරා දමන ලදී

කාටිසීය ඛණ්ඩාංකවල දුර
කාටිසීය ඛණ්ඩාංකවල දුර පයිතගරස් ප්‍රමේයයෙන් ව්‍යුත්පන්න කරයි. (x0, y0) හා (x1, y1) යනු තලයක වූ ලක්ෂ්‍ය නම් එවිට එම ලක්ෂ්‍ය දෙක අතර දුර එසේත් නැති නම් යුක්ලීඩ් දුර

 මගින් දෙනු ලබයි.

පොදු වශයෙන් ගත් කල, යුක්ලිඩියානු n-අවකාශයෙහිදී,   සහ  යන ලක්ෂ්‍යය දෙකක් අතර යුක්ලිඩියානු දුර අර්ථදැක්වෙන්නේ, පහත අයුරු පයිතගරස් ප්‍රමේයය සාධාරණීකරණය කිරීමෙනි:

ඉතිහාසය

ජ්‍යාමිතික ප්‍රමේයන්හි ඉතිහාසය කොටස් හතරකට බෙදිය හැකිය. එනම් පයිතගරස් ත්‍රික පිළිබඳ දැනුම, සෘජුකෝණී ත්‍රිකෝණයක පාද අතර සම්බන්ධය පිළිබඳ දැනුම, බද්ධ කෝණ අතර සම්බන්ධතාවය පිළිබඳ දැනුම හා ප්‍රමේයයේ ඇති සාධනයන් පිළිබඳ දැනුම වේ.

ඊජිප්තුවේ සර්කාවල (ක්‍රි.පූ 2500 වකවානුවට අයත්)සහ උතුරු යුරෝපයේ දැකිය හැකි දැවැන්ත ශෛලමය ස්මාරකවල පූර්ණ සංඛ්‍යාමය පාද සහිත ත්‍රිකෝණ දැක ගත හැකිය. බාටෙල් ලින්ඩර්ට් වෑන් ද වාර්ඩන්ගේ මතය නම් මෙය පයිතගරස් ත්‍රික වීජ ගණිතය ඇසුරින් සොයා ගන්නට ඇත යන්නයි.

ක්‍රි.පූ 2000 හා ක්‍රි.පූ 1786 අතර කාලයේදී ලියැවුණු ඊජීප්තුවේ මධ්‍යකාලීන යුගයට අයත් 'බර්ලින් 6619' නම් පැපිරස් පත්‍රිකාවේ පයිතගරස් ත්‍රිකයක් වහන ගැටළුවක්ද ඇතුළත් වී ඇත. ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨ හමුරාබිගේ රාජ්‍ය සමයේ නිර්මාණය කෙරුණු පිළිම්ටන් 322 (Pilimton 322) යන මෙසපොතේමියානු ඵලකයක පයිතගරස් ත්‍රිකයන්ට ආසන්න කරුණු ඇතුළත් වී ඇත. එය ලියැවී ඇත්තේ  ක්‍රි.පූ 1790 හා 1750 අතර කාලයේ  බව සැළකේ. ක්‍රි.පූ අටවන හා දෙවන සියවස් අතර කාලයක ලියවුණා යැයි සැලකෙන ඉන්දියානු බෞද්ධ්‍යාන සුල්බා සූත්‍රයෙහි වීජගණිතමය ලෙස අනාවරණය කළ පයිතගරස් ත්‍රික ලැයිස්තුවක් ද, සමද්වීපාද ඍජුකෝණී ත්‍රිකෝණයක් සඳහා පයිතගරස් ප්‍රමේයයෙහි ජ්‍යාමිතික සාධනයක් ද අන්තර්ගත විය.

අපස්ථම්භ සුල්බා සූත්‍රයෙහි (Apastamba Sulba Sutra) (සිරිකා - ක්‍රි.පූ 600) වර්ගඵල ආගණනයක් භාවිතයෙන් සංඛ්‍යාත්මකව කළ පයිතගරස් ප්‍රමේයයෙහි සාධනයක් ඇතුළත් විය. එය ඊට පුර්වකාලීන සම්ප්‍රධායක් මත පදනම් වන්නට ඇතැයි වෑන් ද වාඩන්ගේ විශ්වාසය විය. ඇල්බ(ර්)ට් බර්ක්ට (Albert Burk) අනුව මෙය ප්‍රමේයයෙහි මුල්ම සාධනය වේ. තවද ඉන්දියාවේ ඇරකෝනම් ප්‍රදේශයට ගමන් කළ පයිතගරස් එහිදී එය පිටපත් කරගන්නට ඇති බවටද ඔහු මත පලකරයි.යුක්ලීඩ් ගැන ප්‍රොක්ලෝස් (Proklos' s) ගේ විවරණයට අනුව පයිතගරස් ත්‍රික ගොඩනැංවීම සඳහා ක්‍රි.පූ 569 – 475 කාලයේ ජීවත් වූවා යැයි සැලකෙන පයිතගරස් විසින් වීජ ගණිත ක්‍රම භාවිතාකර තිබේ.නමුත් ප්‍රොක්ලෝස් මේ බව ලියා ඇත්තේ ක්‍රි.ව 410 ත් 485 ත් අතර කාලයේය. පයිතගරස් ජීවත් වු කාලයෙන් අනතුරුව ශතවර්ශ පහක් ගත වන තුරු පයිතගරස් විසින් මෙම ප්‍රමේයයන් නිර්මාණය කළ බවට කිසිම සඳහනක් නොමැතිබව ශ්‍රීමත් තෝමස් එල් හීත් ප්‍රකාශකර ඇත.කෙසේ නමුත් ප්ලූටැක් (Plutarch) හා සිසරෝ (Cicero) වැනි ලේඛකයන් මෙම ප්‍රමේයය ප්‍රකාශ කිරීමට භාවිතා කරන භාෂා විලාසය අනුව එය පයිතගරස්ගේ නිර්මාණයක් බව පිළිගත හැකිය.

ප්‍රොක්ලොස්ට (Proklos) අනුව ක්‍රි.පූ 400 දී පමණ ප්ලේටෝ (Plato) විසින් පයිතගරස් ත්‍රිකය සොයා ගැනීම සඳහා ක්‍රමයක් වීජ ගණිතය හා ජ්‍යාමිතිය සංයෝජනය කර ගනිමින් ඉදිරිපත් කර ඇත. ක්‍රි.පූ 300 දී සර්කාහිදී ලියැවුණු යුක්ලීඩ්ගේ "Elements" නම් ග්‍රන්ථය සඳහා පැරණිතම ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂක සාධන ක්‍රමය ඉදිරිපත් කර තිබේ.

ක්‍රි.ව. 500 – 200  අතර කාලයේදී ලියැවුණූ ස්වර්ගයේ කේන්ද්‍රය සහ කවාකාර පථ පිළිබඳ අංක ගණිතය (Chon Pei Suan Ching) නැමති ග්‍රන්ථයෙහි පයිතගරස් ප්‍රමේයය සඳහා නව දෘශ්‍ය සාධනයක් ඉදිරිපත් කර ඇත. චීනයේ එය 3,4,5 ත්‍රිකෝණය සඳහා ගෝගු ප්‍රමේයය (Gougu Theorem) ලෙස හැඳින්වේ. 202 BC සිට 220 AD දක්වා වූ හැන් රාජ පරම්පරාවට අයත් කාලයේදී ගණිතමය කලාවෙහි පරිච්ඡේද නවයක් නම් ග්‍රන්ථයේ ඍජුකෝණී ත්‍රිකෝණ පිළිබඳ සඳහනක් සහ පයිතගරස් ත්‍රික දක්නට ලැබේ. චීනයේදී මෙය " ගෝගු ප්‍රමේයය " ලෙසද ඉන්දියාවේදී එය බස්කාරා (Bhaskara) ප්‍රමේයය ලෙසද හඳුන්වා ඇත.

පයිතගරස් ප්‍රමේයය කිහිපවරක් නැවත නැවත සොයා ගන්නා ලද්දේ ද යන්න පිළිබඳ දැඩි මත ගැටුම් පවතී. බෝයර් (1991) ට අනුව ශුල්බා සූත්‍රවල හමුවන මූලාංගයන් මෙසපොතේමියානු ආභාසයෙන් ලද ඒවා විය හැකිය.

ගණිතය
ජ්‍යාමිතිය
ගණිතමය ප්‍රමේයයන්

පයිතගරස් ප්‍රමේයය


Mliječnomeda (Milkomeda ili Milkdromeda) je galaktički proizvod sudara Andromede i Mliječnoga puta. Prema simulacijama, ovaj će objekt izgledati poput divovske eliptične galaktike, ali sa središtem koje pokazuje manju zvjezdanu gustoću od trenutnih eliptičnih galaksija. Međutim, moguće je da će rezultirajući objekt biti velika lećasta galaksija, ovisno o količini preostalog plina u Mliječnom putu i Andromedi.

U dalekoj budućnosti, otprilike 150 milijardi godina od danas, preostale galaksije Lokalne grupe udružit će se s tim objektom, što je sljedeća evolucijska faza lokalne skupine galaksija.

Izvori

Galaktike

Mliječnomeda


Dmitrij Vjačeslavovič Bagrjanov (rus. Дмитрий Вячеславович Багрянов) (Moskva, Rusija, 18. prosinca 1967. – Moskva, Rusija, 4. veljače 2015.) je pokojni sovjetski i ruski skakač u dalj. Bio je europski dvoranski prvak u Genovi 1992. a iste godine nastupio je i na Olimpijadi u Barceloni.

Bagrjanov je atletsku karijeru započeo specijaliziravši se za 400 metara s preponama, a najbolji rekord bio mu je 50:19. U 21. godini sportaš se prekvalificirao na skok u dalj. Bio je član moskovskog atletskog kluba Spartak a trenirao ga je proslavljeni sovjetski trener Vjačeslav Sokolov. U toj atletskoj disciplini bio je prvak SSSR-a, ZND-a i Rusije. Najveći uspjeh karijere ostvario je 1992. na Europskom atletskom dvoranskom prvenstvu gdje je osvojio zlato preskočivši 8,12 m.

Preminuo je 4. veljače 2015. u Moskvi.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Profil atletičara na Sports-reference.com

Skakači u dalj
Sovjetski športaši
Ruski atletičari

Dmitrij Bagrjanov


The Sri Lanka blue magpie or Ceylon magpie (Urocissa ornata) is a brightly coloured member of the family Corvidae, found exclusively in Sri Lanka. This species is adapted to hunting in the dense canopy, where it is highly active and nimble. Its flight is rather weak, though, and is rarely used to cover great distances.  In spite of the Sri Lanka blue magpie's ability to adapt to the presence of humans, it is classified as vulnerable to extinction due to the fragmentation and destruction of its habitat of dense primary forest in the wet zone of southern Sri Lanka.

Description
The Sri Lanka blue magpie measures  42–47 cm in length, and is larger than a mynah, but smaller than a crow, with a sturdy bill. Its plumage is bright blue, with a reddish-brown or chestnut head, neck, and wing. The blue tail is long and graduated, with a white tip. The bill, legs, feet, and featherless eye ring of this species are all vibrant red. Both the male and female of the species share this description. The juvenile of this species has a plumage similar to that of an adult, but overall duller, with a brown eye ring and a greyish hue to its blue feathers, especially on its underside. Moulting season for Sri Lanka blue magpies is from August to November.

Taxonomy
The Sri Lanka blue magpie is a member of the order Passeriformes, in the family Corvidae.

This species belongs to Urocissa, a genus of Southeast Asian magpies, of which there are 5 known species total. They share a recent common ancestor with another genus of Asian magpies, Cissa. Both Urocissa and Cissa are genera of the Oriental region, where the diversity of corvid species originated. They share a distant common ancestor with new world jays and magpies.

Habitat and distribution
This species is endemic to Sri Lanka, where it is found in tall, undisturbed forest in the mountains, foothills, and adjoining lowlands of the wet zone. It is found from elevations of below 150 to 2150 m. It is not often seen in disturbed habitat such as gardens or plantations.

Surveys conducted from 2004 to 2006 found individuals of this species in 38 separate forest patches contained within six forest complexes within its range in the wet zone of southern Sri Lanka.

Behaviour
In spite of their avoidance of human-disturbed habitats,  the Sri Lanka blue magpie tolerates and is even attracted to the presence of humans. In response to low and moderate levels of recreational disturbance, and small to medium-sized groups of human visitors, numbers of Sri Lanka blue magpies increased, unlike other birds. A group of individuals was often observed waiting near trails, expecting to be fed by groups of human visitors.

Vocalizations
The Sri Lanka blue magpie produces a great variety of vocalizations, including a jingle, a chink-chink, crakrakrakrak, and a whee-whee.

Thirteen different common call types have been identified for the Sri Lanka blue magpie, including mimicry calls. Individuals have been recorded using two raptor calls quite frequently, usually while mobbing a predator (the Accipiter high-pitched call and the mountain hawk-eagle (Nisaetus nipalensis kelaarti) call) These raptor calls are mimicked by another species that occupies the same region, the greater racket-tailed drongo (Dicrurus paradiseus), implying that these imitated predator calls can act as alarm signals for multiple species.

Sri Lanka blue magpies do not just imitate the calls of predators, however. They have been observed mimicking the calls and songs of other birds in their prolonged and elaborate subsong.

Diet
These birds use their strong legs and feet to forage, and have been observed hanging upside down and holding down their prey with ease.

Their diet is mainly carnivorous, featuring insects, frogs, and small lizards, but they have been known to consume fruit, as well, and some observations suggest that they also prey on eggs or young of other bird species. Sri Lanka blue magpies have been observed rubbing hairy caterpillars against mossy branches to remove irritating hairs prior to consuming them.

Reproduction
Sri Lanka blue magpies are monogamous,  use co-operative breeding to raise their young, and can be seen in small flocks of up to seven birds, while each bird maintains a territory.

The generation length of Sri Lanka blue magpies is 6.7 years. Breeding season is from January through March, and three to five eggs, which are white covered with brown spots, are laid in a clutch. Cup-shaped nests are built atop small, slender trees and lined with soft materials like lichen.

Both sexes build the nest and feed offspring, with only the female incubating them.

Conservation status
The Sri Lanka blue magpie is listed as vulnerable, due to the fragmentation and ongoing decline of the population. Surveys performed in 2004-2006 estimate the population at 10,181-19,765 individuals, although their breeding strategy of monogamy and co-operative breeding has led to that estimate being reduced to 9,500-19,500 individuals total to reflect their effective population size.

The main threat to the survival of the Sri Lanka blue magpie is habitat loss due to forest being cleared for agricultural land, mines, logging, and human settlement. A moratorium on logging in wet zones in 1990, plus the legal protection of this species in Sri Lanka, have the potential to slow their population decline, but air pollution causing forest die-back and the use of biocides in the hill country continue to threaten the Sri Lanka blue magpie.

One of the factors preventing the Sri Lanka blue magpie from moving into disturbed habitat has been suggested to be the presence of another bird, the Asian koel (Eudynamys scolopaceus), which is a brood parasite.

In culture

In Sri Lanka, this bird is known as  () in Sinhala. The blue magpie appears on a 10c Sri Lankan postal stamp, which was in wide usage in the 1980s through 1990s.

References

Further reading
 Birds of India by Grimmett, Inskipp and Inskipp,
 Crows and Jays by Madge and Burn,

External links

BirdLife Species Factsheet.
ARKive - images and movies of the Sri Lanka magpie (Urocissa ornata)

Sri Lanka Blue Magpie
Endemic birds of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Blue Magpie
Sri Lanka Blue Magpie

Sri Lanka blue magpie


NGC 5968 est une très vaste galaxie spirale intermédiaire (barrée ?) située dans la constellation du Loup. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . NGC 5968 a été découverte par l'astronome britannique John Herschel en 1837.

La classe de luminosité de NGC 5968 est I-II et elle présente une large raie HI. De plus, c'est une galaxie LINER, c'est-à-dire une galaxie dont le noyau présente un spectre d'émission caractérisé par de larges raies d'atomes faiblement ionisés.

Supernova
La supernova SN 2012el a été découverte dans NGC 5968 le  par l'astronome amateur néo-zélandais Stu Parker. Cette supernova était de type Ia.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du New General Catalogue

Liens externes

 NGC 5968 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

5968
Constellation du Loup
Galaxie spirale
Galaxie spirale intermédiaire
Galaxie LINER
Objet céleste découvert en 1837
Objet céleste découvert par John Herschel

NGC 5968


Rogue One: Priča iz Ratova zvijezda (eng. Rogue One: A Star Wars Story) ili samo Rogue One američki je epski znanstveno-fantastični film koji je režirao Gareth Edwards. Scenarij filma napisali su Chris Weitz i Tony Gilroy. Rogue One je prvi samostalni film Ratova zvijezda. Radnja filma događa se neposredno prije radnje prvog snimanog, tj. kronološki četvrtog filma serijala. Govori o grupi pobunjenika-špijuna čija glavna misija je ukrasti nacrte Zvijezde Smrti, novog oružja Galaktičkog Imperija. Film je proizveo studio LucasFilm Ltd., dok će ga distribuirati Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

Radnja

Nakon što se oformio Galaktički Imperij, Savez pobunjenika unovačuje Jyn Erso kako bi uz pomoć Cassiana Andora i ostatka tima ukrala nacrte Zvijezde Smrti, novog oružja Galaktičkog Imperija.

Premijera
Premijera filma održana je 10. prosinca 2016. godine u kazalištu Pantages u Los Angelesu. Film je 14. prosinca 2016. godine izdan u nekolicini europskih zemalja, dok će 16. prosinca biti izdan u Sjevernoj Americi.

Produkcija

Razvoj

Casting

Snimanje
Snimanje filma započelo je 8. kolovoza 2015. u Elstree studijima u Hertfordshireu, Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo. Sniman je Ultra Panavision 70 lećama i Arri Alexa 65 kamerama.

Snimanje je vršeno na nekoliko lokacija - neke od njih su atol Laamu na Maldivima, Island i Jordan. Nakon izdavanja prvog trailera, korisnici su na Twitteru komentirali da je stanica londonskog metroa u Canary Wharfu korištena za dio snimanja. Kasnije je potvrđeno da je ta stanica korištena za snimanje scene potjere u jednoj od imperijskih baza, a snimanje je održano između ponoći i 4 sata ujutro, kada je stanica zatvorena.

Postprodukcija

Glazba

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica
 Rogue One na IMDb-u
 Rogue One na Rotten Tomatoesu

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 Zvjezdani ratovi
 LucasFilm Ltd.

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Rogue One: Priča iz Ratova zvijezda


Wildcats, sometimes rendered WildCats or WildC.A.T.s, is a superhero team created by the American comic book artist Jim Lee and writer Brandon Choi.

Publication history
The team first appeared in August 1992 in the first issue of their eponymous comic book WildC.A.T.s: Covert Action Teams, published by Image Comics. It was Image founding partner Jim Lee's first work published by the newly launched company, and his first creator-owned project. The Wildcats were the starting point for Lee's menagerie of interconnected superhero creations which became the foundation of the Wildstorm Universe. The Wildcats launched at the apex of a speculator-fueled comics sales boom and was wildly popular at its inception, with wholesale sales to comic book stores above one million copies for early issues. This first series ran for 50 issues, and in addition to Lee, featured work by comics creators such as Travis Charest, Chris Claremont, James Robinson and Alan Moore. This popularity saw the property expand into other media, with an animated adaptation of the comic debuting on CBS in 1994 and a toyline from Playmates Toys.

In 1998, ownership of the Wildcats concepts and characters were sold to DC Comics, a subsidiary of Time Warner, as part of DC's acquisition of Lee's company Wildstorm Productions. A new incarnation of the team was soon launched under the simplified title Wildcats, focusing on the former members of the now-disbanded team and emphasizing a grittier tone during its 28-issue run. The third series, Wildcats Version 3.0, revolved around the HALO Corporation, its CEO Jack Marlowe (an amalgamation of original team members Spartan and Void), Grifter, and a gallery of new characters subverting corporate politics to their cause of creating a better world. This incarnation lasted 24 issues and was followed by a nine-issue limited series titled Wildcats: Nemesis, which returned to a more superheroic style reminiscent of the first series. In late 2006, a fourth ongoing series was launched as a part of the Worldstorm publishing initiative. The series saw the return of Jim Lee as regular penciller for the first time since its first volume while Grant Morrison took over writing duties. Only one issue was ever published, with future issues placed on hold. In mid-2008, the fifth volume of Wildcats was launched, tying into the World's End crossover event.

WildC.A.T.s volume 1
Launched as an original Image comic book title by popular X-Men penciler Jim Lee and his friend writer Brandon Choi, the comic book's premise revolved around the centuries-long war between aliens called Kherubim and Daemonites. Kherubim, a nearly immortal, human-looking alien race with exceptional powers and skills, traveled to Earth and, by breeding with humans, populated the planet with "Half-Breeds". Daemonites, besides having a fearsome appearance, also possessed various superhuman abilities, including body possession and mental control over human beings. The initial arc brought Voodoo over to the team as the readers' point-of-view character as Helspont, a Daemonite warlord, had taken control over Vice President of the United States Dan Quayle. Rob Liefeld's Youngblood co-starred in the closing chapters of the arc.

WildC.A.T.s story continued in a three-part mini-series, penciled by Jae Lee, that introduced the Daemonite Lord Hightower. Jim Lee and Marc Silvestri proceeded to publish a 'Killer Instinct' crossover detailing Warblade's connection to Marc Silvestri's Cyber Force.

Jim Lee devoted his time to coming up with the new concepts of Gen13, Deathblow, and Stormwatch. Before he left the book, he did the four-issue Gathering of Eagles storyline written by his Uncanny X-Men writer, Chris Claremont. It featured a new villain in Tapestry and added the characters of Mister Majestic, Savant, and Soldier, and featured Claremont's creator-owned character, Huntsman.

Almost all of the characters were spun off into their own mini-series, with Zealot featured in a series by Ron Marz and Terry Shoemaker, Spartan in one by Kurt Busiek and Mike McKone, Warblade sharing another with Cyberforce's Ripclaw, Grifter co-starred in The Kindred's limited series with Stormwatch's Backlash by Brett Booth that led to the latter's ongoing title, as well as another with Youngblood's Badrock, Billy Tucci's Shi, and even Dark Horse's the Mask.

James Robinson wrote a handful of issues as well as a Team One Stormwatch/WildC.A.T.s mini-series detailing the past of the Wildstorm universe and would go on to write the Wildcats' first annual. The title also participated in the WildC.A.T.s-oriented "Wildstorm Rising" crossover that saw the heroes try to gain control of the Daemonite battleship, which turned out to be the Kheran ship instead, with WildC.A.T.s eventually leaving for Khera. Following a Grifter one-shot, the crossover gave birth to a short-lived Steven Seagle-written Grifter series that centered on his super-spy/superhero adventures while linking to an obscure Team One character Regiment at one point.

Alan Moore then took over writing duties, and proceeded to tell a tale split between Savant and Majestic's replacement team on Earth and the original team journeying to Khera. The Kherubim had won the Daemonite-Kherubim war and were living in prosperity. Appearances were deceiving, however, and it was apparent the planet was run by power-hungry politicians who had ruthlessly subjugated the Daemonites as second-class citizens. Voodoo, with her Daemonite blood, experienced this firsthand. Maul's race was also treated unjustly and though Emp and Zealot were seduced by promises of power and recognition, Spartan discovered the truth about Khera's corrupt leaders. It took the death of one of Maul's race for the WildC.A.T.s to leave and head back for Earth. Voodoo and Emp both left the team, while the remainder joined with Savant and Majestic's new team. Moore also participated in Fire From Heaven, a fairly continuity-heavy crossover that resolved plotlines regarding Team One, Team 7, and Kaizen Gamorra.

Alan Moore, Mike Lopez and Al Rio spun Voodoo off in a four-issue mini-series that dealt with voodoo magic, while Moore also wrote a time-traveling WildC.A.T.s/Spawn crossover mini-series drawn by Scott Clark and inked by Sal Regla.

At the time, Grifter had another turn at an ongoing series, this time written by Steven Grant and drawn by Mel Rubi and Michael Ryan, while Zealot was featured in a Backlash spinoff, Wildcore.

Barbara Randall Kesel, Pasqual Ferry, Rich Johnson and Carlos D'Anda crafted a two-part storyline that, in effect, wrote Majestic, Savant and Ladytron out of the team, and set up the spin-off Savant Garde, written by Randall Kesel. Original scripter Brandon Choi returned alongside Johnathan Peterson and artists Mat Broome and Ed Benes for a storyline with an organization called Puritans as the main villains. The Puritans' goal was to eradicate the Kherubim and Daemonites on Earth by traveling back in time and erasing killing them before the aliens could influence global events. A new line-up of WildC.A.T.s traveled in time to stop the Puritans, and had various adventures throughout different time periods.

Wildcats volume 1
After the first series' cancellation, WildStorm, now an imprint of DC Comics, resurrected the Wildcats under a whole different premise—Wildcats dealt with the lives of the original members after the team's breakup following a botched mission during which team member Zealot apparently died. Scott Lobdell provided the writing for the initial seven issues as well as a Mosaic one-shot detailing the change in Lord Emp, with Travis Charest penciling most of them. New villains like Kenyan and CC Rendozzo were featured as antagonists, but it was all dropped very quickly, with Charest leaving the monthly comic format to work on a French Metabarons graphic novel called Dreamshifters and Lobdell exiting a couple of issues later.

As Joe Casey and Sean Phillips took over Wildcats, they quickly dealt away with Kenyan, while Void and Emp ended up having Spartan absorb their assets and powers; thus the book began a long spell featuring him aided by Ladytron and Grifter with Maul and Voodoo guest-starring, as well as new characters Noir, and Agents Wax and Mohr of the National Park Service. Warblade was featured very briefly, last seen in the Wildcats 2000 annual that brought back the dead version Condition Red killing Olympia. Casey and Phillips signaled the new Wildstorm, critically acclaimed but low on readers' radar. The heroes fought Samuel Smith (a superhuman serial killer whose grandfather had appeared in Team One: WildC.A.T.s) after which eventually Zealot returned. Casey also wrote the Ladytron one shot, a farsic rendition of her past, as well as a Mister Majestic ongoing series which ran for nine issues.

Wild Times: Wildcats and Wild Times: Grifter were published as one-shots as a part of the crossover series Wild Times that spotlighted the characters in Elseworlds-like alternate reality scenarios that blended genres. Wildcats also participated in the WildC.A.T.s/Aliens crossover written by Stormwatch's Warren Ellis that served as a coda to that series and a prequel to his Authority run, having very little to do with the Wildcats themselves.

Wildcats 3.0
The third series, Wildcats Version 3.0, was a part of the mature readers' Eye of the Storm imprint, dealing with Spartan's (now Jack Marlowe) agenda to better the world by proliferating advanced technology and power sources throughout the world via the HALO Corporation. Grifter was his troubleshooter and Agent Wax was one of his first associates. The stories added a motley group to this proactive organization including the power broker C.C. Rendozzo and her organization, Agent Orange, and Grifter's unlikely pupil Edwin Dolby, one of HALO's accountants. The series ended with a thunderous finale where Zealot, Marlowe, and a team assembled by Grifter destroyed the Coda chapter that Zealot had created on Earth. The series was written by Joe Casey and drawn by Dustin Nguyen, Duncan Rouleau, Francisco Ruiz Velasco, Pascual Ferry and Sean Phillips.

Concurrent with Wildcats Version 3.0, Wildstorm also published a critically acclaimed noir-superhero series Sleeper starring Alan Moore's Wildcats villain Tao, which also featured Grifter. As part of the crossover Coup D'État, centering on the Wildstorm Universe's United States, a Wildcats 3.0: Coup D'État one-shot was released.

After guest-starring in Superman books, in 2004 DC published a Mr. Majestic mini-series to test waters for an ongoing series that ran for 17 issues.

Wildcats starred in a limited series by Robbie Morrison and Talent Caldwell entitled Wildcats: Nemesis, focusing on Zealot, Majestic, and the Coda continuity, while heavily spotlighting the new Wildstorm universe anti-hero character of Nemesis.

At the same time, Wildstorm published the Captain Atom: Armageddon maxi-series, heavily featuring the Wildcats as they tried to help DC character Captain Atom return to his universe and stop him from accidentally destroying their reality. Nikola, a female medic, became the new Void with Captain Atom sharing a part of the power that eventually remade the Wildstorm universe altogether.

Wildcats: Nemesis
Wildcats: Nemesis was a 9-issue miniseries, published from November 2005 to July 2006. Written by Robbie Morrison and illustrated by various artists, it featured Nemesis and Wildcats. In 2006 it was collected into a trade paperback ().

Wildcats volume 3
In 2006, as part of the "Worldstorm" line-wide event, the title was restarted, written by Grant Morrison and drawn by Jim Lee. The team consisted of Spartan, Mr. Majestic, Zealot, Grifter, Voodoo, Savant, and Ladytron. Warblade is on a secret mission, and Maul has retired to his civilian identity. Kaizen Gamorra returned as the villain, aided by the WildCats' first enemy, Helspont. However, the title was permanently put on hold after only three issues.

Wildcats volume 4
In July 2008 Wildstorm debuted a new ongoing WildCats series written by Christos Gage and pencilled by Neil Googe following on from the imprint's Number of the Beast mini-series. Adam Beechen took over writing duties from Gage in late 2009, with he and artist Tim Seeley starting with issue #19 until the book's cancellation in December 2010 with #30.

WildC.A.T.s volume 2
In November 2022, DC debuted WildC.A.T.s the second volume to feature the same abbreviated stylization in the title as the first series in 1992. Written by Matthew Rosenberg and illustrated by Stephen Segovia, it sees Grifter working for the HALO Corporation to assemble a group of operatives to embark upon missions in the outskirts of the DC Universe. Its first task is to round up an elite group of scientists, which puts the group into conflict with the scientists' mysterious leader, Void. The team also comes into conflict with a shadowy organization called the Court of Owls.

Cast

Original team
The original WildC.A.T.s (Covert Action Team) consisted of:
 Spartan (Jack Marlowe, originally Hadrian-7): Originally intended to be a highly sophisticated cyborg who could "die" and easily be downloaded to another body, Spartan's character has been revised several times. Spartan was one many Spartan-series androids made in Khera, modeled after the Kherubim hero Yohn Kohl, who would go on to be known on Earth as John Colt. After Colt's apparent death in battle, Jacob Marlowe implanted some of Colt's memories and personality in Spartan's bodies. Additionally, Jacob had a scientist design Spartan's artificial intelligence, knowing the scientist would model it after his deceased son-in-law, Zachary Krieger, which Jacob claimed he'd done in order to grant Spartan an affinity with humanity, which had the side effect of prevent Colt's personality from overwhelming him. Spartan had something of an on-again, off-again relationship with Voodoo. Eventually, Colt's memories and personality returned, and, for some time, Spartan considered himself John Colt. While another Spartan unit without Colt's memories would go on to be activated, and John Colt would leave the team, eventually the Colt personality receded. After Emp's death, Spartan assumed the identity of Jack Marlowe, Jacob's "nephew" and became the C.E.O. of Halo. Later still, he absorbed Void's powers, making him one of the most powerful beings in the Wildstorm Universe. Jack went on to turn away from the role of super-hero, attempting to make the world a better place by introducing highly advanced Kheran technology into human society. At some point, he lost Void's powers. Spartan went on propose to Voodoo in the Carrier. All of Spartan's bodies possess some degree of incredible strength and endurance and are capable of flight (however, it was explained that he flew only when necessary because it took up so much power from his energy reserves), ionizing gases into controlled plasma blasts and interfacing with electronic systems through a variety of ports in his body.
Grifter (Cole Cash): A former government operative and member of Team 7, Grifter is a skilled marksman and hand-to-hand combatant. Found by Zealot after gaining Gen-Active powers as a result of Team 7's exposure to Gen Factor, Zealot helped him recover from the ordeal and taught him how to completely remove his power, as well as bring it back at will. Zealot also trained him in Coda combat techniques, making him the only man ever trained by the Coda. He was the only member of the original team not to use any active post-human powers. Grifter left the team for the first time after Jacob made a pact with Hightower, the man responsible for killing Cole's friend Lonely, leading to his time as a solo agent, chronicled in his two ongoing series. He eventually rejoined the WildC.A.T.s and, over the years, as the team would reform and disband many times, Cole maintained ties to Halo and his teammates, particularly Jack Marlowe. Grifter sustained severe injuries to his legs during a mission, and went on to use a wheelchair for some time, eventually using Ladytron's robotic body as a remote-controlled stand-in in the field. Grifter's powers eventually healed his wounded legs, allowing him to walk once again.
Zealot (Lady Zannah): A Kherubim and a Coda warrior. Zealot is the former Majestrix of the Coda and helped develop their virtues and practices. She has lived for thousands of years and has had many relationships with both humans and aliens alike. In Khera, Zealot was ordered to breed with Majestros, which she did, resulting in the birth of Savant. However, since bearing a child would change Zealot's social standing and ensure she could never be a warrior ever again, Zealot's mother Harmony convinced her to lie to everyone that the child was stillborn, while Harmony pretended that the child was, in fact, hers. The child was named Kenesha and raised as Zealot's sister, though Kenesha would become best known by the name Savant. Zealot left the Coda, believing they did not follow the order's true precepts, and she would go on to fight against the Coda on multiple occasions. She was part of Team One under the alias Lucy Blaze. Zealot was once in a romantic relationship with Grifter, and the two went on to have various flings over the years. Zealot left the Wildcats and briefly joined Department PSI and co-led WildCORE with Backlash, a half-Kheran and former member of Team 7. In later years, Zealot faked her own death and began hunting Coda on her own, before being brought back to Wildcats.
 Voodoo (Priscilla Kitaen): A telepathic human-Kherubim-Daemonite hybrid ancestry, Voodoo has the ability to see Daemonites who have possessed other beings and remove them from the bodies they have possessed. Voodoo was an exotic dancer before being rescued by the WildC.A.T.s from the Daemonites. She was later trained by Zealot in combat and developed an attraction to Spartan. It was eventually revealed that one of her ancestors, was the result of an attempt to splice a Kherubim with the body of a Daemonite. When the WildC.A.T.s went to Khera, Priscilla discovered that the Kherubim-Daemonite War had ended centuries prior, and was treated as a second-class citizen due to her Daemonite ancestry. Disillusioned with the WildC.A.T.s, and particularly with Zealot and Emp, Pris left the team, journeying to New Orleans, where she studied voodoo magic. Voodoo briefly returned to the WildC.A.T.s, although the team would go on to be disbanded and reformed and, ultimately, after Zealot's apparent death, the team members went their separate ways for what appeared to be the last time. Pris eventually moved in with former teammate Jeremy Stone. Priscilla was targeted by post-human serial killer Samuel Smith, who used his powers to sever both her legs and injure her throat. Priscilla was contacted by a benevolent Daemonite, considered to be a conscientious objector to the Kheran-Daemonite war, who helps her hone her hithertho unknown healing and time dilation powers, allowing Pris to regrow her legs. She went on to date Jeremy, though they eventually broke up. Pris rejoined the Wildcats after the Armageddon event, and soon became romantically involved with Spartan once again. Spartan eventually proposed to her. Aside from her telepathic, healing and time dilation powers, Voodoo is an empath, capable of sensing people's emotions, and has been trained in the use of voodoo magic, being able to commune with and raise the dead, though the first time she attempted the latter, she found herself rapidly drained.
 Maul (Jeremy Stone): A human/Titanthrope hybrid capable of increasing his size and mass at the cost of his reasoning capability, Maul experiences powerful rage and is actually a Nobel-prize-winning scientist named Dr. Jeremy Stone. He eventually discovered he could increase his intelligence by decreasing his body mass, but this proved to be physically depleting.
 Warblade (Reno Bryce): A human/Kherubim hybrid and member of Khera's Shaper's Guild, Warblade can transform his body into liquid metal, and shape himself into a variety of bladed weapons and sharp objects, as well as withstand immense trauma, including massive explosions and exposure to intense heat. Warblade is also an accomplished martial artist. Although a virtual killing machine, Reno also has the soul of an artist, having his sculpted work displayed in major art galleries. While Reno stayed away from the Wildcats for a while, he returned to the team after the Armageddon event.
 Void (Adrianna Tereshkova): She has the ability to see the future and teleport herself and others to anywhere on Earth due to her absorption of an Orb of Power. Over time, Void grew more and more distant from humanity and the part of her spirit that was Adrianna moved on to the afterlife. The Void entity existed without any host for a short time, until Noir sabotaged Void's voyage to another dimension, resulting in the Void entity disintegrating. Jack Marlowe then went on to absorb Void's powers before it bonded with paramedic Nikola Hanssen.
 Lord Emp (Jacob Marlowe): A Kherubim lord, Emp has assumed a variety of guises throughout his time on Earth, his best known alias being Jacob Marlowe, owner of the Halo Corporation. Throughout most of Emp's time in the Wildcats, he possessed little control over his powers, mostly serving as the team leader and advisor, usually not going out into the field. Emp eventually began a process known as the Ascension, in which he transformed into a more obvious alien being. In order to finally ascend, Emp needed someone to kill him and eventually was forced to ask Spartan to do so, to which Spartan complied. Emp's final appearance was in the Wildstorm: A Celebration of 25 Years special, in which he contacts and counsels Spartan from beyond.

Savant's team
A second team was introduced later in the series. They were formed after the original team, rumored to be dead, had left for Khera, the Kherubim homeworld. This unlikely group broke from the WildC.A.T.s usual anti-Daemonite agenda and conducted a proactive war on criminals. This alienated them from many other characters in the Wildstorm universe.
 Mister Majestic (Lord Majestros): Another Kherubim warlord who is one of four that had been stuck on Earth. Mr. Majestic is a Superman homage. Much like Superman, Majestic possesses amazing strength, endurance and speed, is capable of flight and generating heat beams from his eyes, though he has also appeared to possess some form telekinesis and the ability to project energy blasts from his hands, and is also a genius inventor and a skilled swordsman.
 Savant (Kenesha): The daughter of Majestic and Zealot (unbeknownst to Savant or Majestic) who was raised as Zealot's sister, Savant is an adventurer and archaeologist who has worked for the Smithsonian and possesses many artifacts of mystic power and advanced technologies, including her Seven-League Boots, which essentially allow their user the power of teleportation, and a tesseract bag which contains an almost infinite amount of objects as well as entire rooms within.
 Condition Red (Max Cash, also known as Max Profitt): Grifter's younger brother, Max Cash had excellent fighting and marksmanship abilities. Max followed Cole's footsteps, becoming a covert operative for International Operations. Max went undercover in a crime family, and went on to kill police officers and take part in hits I.O. did not know about, which Savant used to blackmail him into joining her team. Max left the WildC.A.T.s after being caught in an explosion, partly due to Ladytron's unrequited feelings for him and due to his injury. Max eventually went undercover once again, adopting the alias Max Profitt and joining an organization known as the Puritans, who intended to eradicate all alien life on Earth, becoming romantically involved with a Puritan named Gina DeMedici. He alerted the WildC.A.T.s to the Puritans' threat and re-joined the team, eventually traveling back in time to foil the Puritans' attempt to change history by killing Kherubim and Daemonites during various points in time. After a battle at the time of the Kherubim and Daemonites' initial arrival on Earth, Max was forced to take DeMedici's time travel device, leaving her stranded on Earth centuries before she was even born. DeMedici joined a Coda house, and eventually died, asking that the Coda get revenge for her by killing Max. A Coda assassin ambushed Max shortly after his return and gunned him down, killing him. He was resurrected as a zombie for one annual in the second series.
Tao: An artificially produced human being with peculiar thinking abilities that enables him to be inhumanly persuasive and incredibly intuitive. Tao, as he would eventually be known, joined the WildC.A.T.s and manipulated them into starting a war against post-human criminals in order to create a post-human army made of the WildC.A.T.s and other super-heroes that he would command. When his manipulations were discovered, Tao attempted to escape, though, eventually, Majestic caught up with and apparently killed him. Tao eventually sent Savant a letter revealing that he had brainwashed the shapeshifter known as Mr. White into assuming his form and believing himself to be Tao, and that it was Mr. White who Majestic had apparently killed, while Tao had escaped. He later re-appeared, having founded a worldwide criminal organization that aimed to destabilize human global governments, public institutions, and age-old secret societies, though his plans were foiled by undercover I.O. agent Holden Carver, as well as Tao's second-in-command Miss Misery, John Lynch of Gen¹³ and Grifter.
 Ladytron (Maxine Manchester): A cyborg punk with homicidal tendencies. She was captured by the Wildcats and, through T.A.O.'s reprogramming, convinced to join the team. She admired the cybernetic mercenary Overtkill and was romantically interested in Max Cash, though her interest was not returned. When T.A.O. was revealed as a traitor, he disabled her robotic body and Ladytron was taken to the Church of Gort. She became a nun for this new age cult devoted to robotics but had a falling out with its members because she still contained organic body parts. She ended up with the Wildcats again but was wounded by the serial killer Samuel Smith. The damage was so extensive that Ladytron was shut down. A short stint as Noir's reprogrammed pawn later, Ladytron's mind was downloaded into the Halo mainframe and her body was used by the wheelchair-bound Grifter as a remote-controlled stand-in.

Savant Garde
For a time Kenesha would drop out of the hero circuit and return to a life of Indiana Jones-lite spelunking for hidden reliquary, along the way she would assemble her own team of adventurers with Majestros at her side.
Sheba: A humanoid feline metamorph with tactical probability based powers and no known historical background, she would clash with Savant and co while they were out hunting for artifacts in the Amazon Basin. Little to nothing is known about her other than the fact that she may be related to The Kindred a mutated race of anthropomorphic animals created by the Gen-Factor. She would later return during the World's End event as a beneficiary to Stormwatch's Paris, who found a perfectly habitual forest which had survived the superhuman cataclysm and later teaming up with the WildC.A.T.s to rebuild their damaged world.
Mable Blight: Ace pilot and possibly more than she appears at first glance. Mable is the closest thing to a best friend Kenesha has in her life, she was the one who got Savant out of her slump after her disastrous stint as leader of the WildC.A.T.s. Mable is allegedly human with no known superpowers but her partner in crime once stated she'd died several times in the past. Indicating she may have some regenerative or rebirthing abilities.
Disperse: A human mystic from a different dimension where arcane forces reign supreme, Capri Toriamo used to be a guerrilla freedom fighter who stood against the tyranny of many overlords in his world of magic. After having dealt with Tapestry his mother, an alternate counterpart of Katrina Kupertino; would encourage him to leave their war torn Earth to travel with Savant's group for a time. Disperse is a mage with vast shape shifting abilities that enable him to take on the form and abilities of whomever or whatever he's mimicking. He was last seen aiding in the battle against the Knight of Khera after the World's End event.
Cybernary (Katrina Kupertino/Yumiko Gamorra): A powerful next-gen bionic hunter-killer spawned on the lawless Island Gamorra. Katrina was a low rent street hustler who traded her life and her humanity for her best friend Cisco's freedom, now sharing the consciousness of the despot Kaizen Gamorra's daughter; Yumiko Gamorra, they live in a tumultuous union body and mind as they travel the world with the newfound companions. Cybernary has several retrofitted abilities thanks to her cybernetic enhancements. Such as a tactical computer, enhanced physicals pertaining to strength, speed, resilience and stamina, she's even able to secrete mind controlling pheromones that enable her to influence peoples directives. The personality governing Yumiko's consciousness can initiate a doomsday virus dispersal system which would blanket the world in water catalyzing agent which will kill-off all non cyber life. Cybernary would act as an adversary to the Authority after the World's End calamity while working under her hated father Kaizen when he attacked them. Then became a subsidiary under Zannah's new Coda training grounds after her bionics were removed and then (allegedly) replenished after the Knights of Khera battle.
Miranda: A cyber-shrink who helped Katrina/Yumiko through their gestalt identity crisis after having been reactivated by her deranged creator. She would escape Gamorra along with Cybernary while the nation devolved into civil conflict just before the Fire From Heaven event to act as Met-L's caretaker and pilot.
Met-L (Albert Kaplan): Once a criminal underworld degenerate under the surname of Cisco, Albert was the partner of Katrina before she became a transorganic cyber assassin. A bupkis job led to Cisco's incarceration in a Gamorran hunter killer manufacturing facility where his partner came to rescue him while he lay on the table. After she gave her life in exchange for his freedom, Katrina was later cheated and Cisco was secretly remodeled into an animal themed hunter killer cyborg for gladiatorial entertainment for Gamorra's denizens. Cybernary would do battle with and ultimately dispatch of the aberration that was once her trusted confidante, but she managed to save a hard-copy of Mr. Kaplan's persona and have his mental engrams imprinted on a Multi-Environmental Transformation-Laborer Class automaton; Met-L for short.

Time travel team
The team consisted of Grifter, Max Cash, Void, and an old Spartan unit activated by Grifter, possessing Hadrian's original personality, as well as new members:
Mythos: A powerful mystic and Kherubim lord, Mythos possesses super-human physical attributes, particularly strength and speed, being capable of moving so fast normal humans cannot see him.
Olympia: A Daemonite mercenary who has Coda training. She took in a teenager named Kai as her ward. When Max Cash was killed by a Coda warrior, Olymbia broke into her cell and killed the Coda, an act which led Jacob to kick her out of the team and inform her that, as long as she kept away from the WildC.A.T.s, the team would not seek to apprehend her. She was killed by a resurrected Max Cash during the Devil's Night crossover.
Sister Eve: a former nun who lived in a convent in South Bend, who, unbeknownst to herself, was Lord Entropy's daughter. She can generate a "chaos field", allowing her to break molecular bonds, thus generating destructive energy. She can only control her power by wearing a pair of inhibiting gloves and a dampening cloak. Sister Eve was killed after using all her power to stop an avalanche from hitting the other members of the team, draining her to such an extent that she quickly died.

Halo Team
After a disastrous mission wherein Zealot faked her death to hunt down the earth Coda chapter. The Cat's, whittled down to Jacob and Spartan, would go on to recruit both old faces and new blood after Lord Emp had ascended.
Noir: A French arms dealer whom would offer his expertise to the Halo Corporation, for a price. Later killed by Jacob's successor Jack Marlowe, a.k.a. Spartan, when the treacherous individual tried to usurp the company for acquisition of its access to Otherspace using a retrofit of Maxine Manchester's inert remains to kill his employer and employing French hitmen to do away with Cole Cash.
Anthony Pacheco: A captain of the Los Angeles Police Force's C.R.A.S.H. Department seeking Jack Marlowe's aid of in dealing with a local drug baron selling & dealing on the mean streets of his precinct. Despite having easily removed the narco's distributing the metabolic and cognitive perception booster called Hype, officer Pacheco was revealed to've partaken of the narcotic himself. Jack chose to trust the good samaritan's judgement while leaving the production facilities behind in his care regardless.

3.0 cast
Besides Grifter and Jack Marlowe, the main characters were:
Grifter II (Edwin Dolby): Jack Marlowe's main accountant and right-hand man in the Halo Corporation. When Grifter's legs were seriously injured in a mission, Cole brought him up to speed about Halo's more exotic exploits with the intent of training Dolby to be his replacement after learning of Dolby's natural aptitude for marksmanship. Dolby, however, refused to kill. Despite this, Dolby was sent on a mission, during which he panicked and accidentally crippled a man. He suffered a mental breakdown and quit Halo, but Marlowe was able to convince him to return by reinforcing his belief in the success of Halo's mission. In an attempt to end his nightmares over the mission, he agrees to help Grifter and his team rescue Zealot from the Coda.
Agent Orange: Another mole of Jack Marlowe's, this time at the FBI. Agent Orange is an enhanced human who can be mentally programmed for certain tasks. Said operative's blood had been replaced by the compound dioxin bestowing superhuman strength, durability, healing and endurance. Never speaking or showing any emotion, Agent Orange is quite similar in appearance and behavior to The Terminator. Whilst Grifter meets with Maul in Miami, Orange is sent out by the FBI alongside agents Cave and Cartman to dispatch them both but was undone when a Central Intelligence Agency program gained sentience and aided them by sending Orange a shutdown code. Later when Cole and his team get in over their heads while attempting to rescue Zealot from the Coda, Marlowe activates Agent Orange, who finds Zealot and brings her to Grifter's team.
Ramon A eugenically enhanced tween intellect born from a testing beaker in the services of the underworld affiliate Cecelia Rendozzo. After Marlowe's people did his employer a hefty service, Ramon would aid grifter with a neural uplink system which would enable him to go on field missions using Ladytron's inert mechanical body as a proxy for field missions. He and C.C's son are constantly at odds with one another.
Sam Garfield: A secondary accountant and partner to Edwin Dolby working their own business firm until it was purchased by Mr. Marlowe. While infinitely less accommodating to the rather abrupt methods of managing their services as his business associate. Being rather surprised at how nonchalantly Mr. Dolby went along with their new bosses micromanagement, offering advice on topics they usually don't cover due to being middle management for money. A sense of tension that came to a head when after Marlowe had reassigned him to a whole new business firm which was secretly a shell company to front the Central Intelligence Agency's clandestine operations. Something that Jack brings to his attention after Mr. Garfield runs afoul with the law after an altercation with a road hog, his employer covering up for Sam's act of first degree murder; the accountant comes around to working as Spartan's mole within the C.I.A and continues managing his new assets with a newfound calm and perspective afterwards.
Agent Wax: Jack Marlowe's contact at the National Park Service, a government agency tasked with monitoring superhuman activity. Wax is gifted with strong hypnotic powers, but his superiors never knew of this. He became aware of the C.A.T.s while following up leads on a superhuman serial killer in the second volume of Wildcats. Later quitting the Service after the death of his partner, despite this he never lost interest in Marlowe and his team even before later returning to NPS on the formers suggestion. Wax had often been bullied by his boss, Agent Downs; even before he left the bureau. His C.O. often forcing him into undergoing demeaning and/or aggravating tasks such as taking on a new partner; as well as forcing Wax to a desk job when he returned. The bemoaned agent would enact revenge by using his meta abilities to engage in a sexual affair with his superiors' obnoxious spouse after being slatted as her personal chofer. Wax ended up killing his superior Downs when the latter angled his employee into a confrontation in a secluded location with his wife tied up; an event said operator would disguise as a field assignment. Using his unique skills Agent Wax would then impersonate his deceased employer, effectively taking over the NPS later on to keep up appearances. Marlowe found out about this turn of events yet decided to give him a second chance seeing such happenstance as an opportunity to broaden Halo Corps. reach through the Park Service's assets and ties to the social power structure.
The Beef Boys: Two remarkably, possibly superhumanly, strong men dressed in S&M fetish gear. Apart from running a BDSM club, they are also mercenaries who work for Grifter from time to time. The taller of the two, Glenn, never speaks, while the other, Cedric, is quite eloquent. Glenn was killed by the Coda while on mission.
C. C. Rendozzo: A scientific criminal mastermind, ace gunman and powerful information broker who knows a great deal bout many critical plot points in the Wildstorm Universe. She's the employer of Ramon; introduced after initially having come after Jeremy Stone due to the former's genius work in genetic isolation and extrapolation. Having contracted a form of doomsday virus while tinkering with it for sales purposes, Cecelia would later turn up looking for an FBI agent to use as ransom for a personal matter, enlisting both Cole and Wax's aid when they initially crossed paths. Later seeking to blackmail Jack Marlowe by using his alien origin as leverage after the initial mission went sideways. In return for her silence after giving Cecelia what she desired, she would act as an underworld contact whom Marlowe would keep in touch with; Grifter having called in a favor of her in helping rescue Zannah from the earthborn Coda Chapter she'd been attacking as of late.

Majestic's pact
While not specifically part of any WildC.A.T.s group, Mister Majestic would work with his own covert action team for a time when the Shapers Guild would attempt seize earth's Kherubim terraforming engine to make a new Khera. Members would include mainstays like Spartan, Zealot and Savant while also including:
Desmond: Longtime sidekick and child super genius aide to Majestros in his earlier years, after his friend went on to become a Universal; a conclave of super celestials whom Majestros's father was a part of. Desmond would go onto create his own xenotechnological sales company called Quickthink Incorporated, a business industry which reverse engineers and amalgamates kherubim technology into human engineering.
Lady Harmony: A high Priestess of the Kherubim Coda sect known as the Skein and the mother of Zeolot.
Imperator: Rival Kherubim Lord and advocate of House Khull on the Pantheon, aiding Harmony and her forces to stand against the rogue shaper sect's incursion of Earth. His true goal was to take the Shaper Engine in the name of his family house to lord over the failing Khera.
Lord Helspont: Long standing enemy and bitterest rival to the Kheran sanctioned WildC.A.T.s. The Daemon Royal would offer his services in aid against the Shaper's Guild for his own agendas.

Nemesis Crew
The introduction of rogue Kherubum warrior Lady Charis would be first adversarial too, then join up with a team consisting of Majestros, Zannah, Cole Cash and Kenesha. A team which would later be adjourned by former WildC.A.T.s mainstays such as Jeremy, Reno and Priscilla while battling the mutated human forces of the Brotherhood of the Sword.
Nemesis: A Coda warrior and former lover of Majestic. Having been framed by Raven and the Brotherhood of the Blade, who collaborated with like-minded Daemonites to overthrow their masters back home to conquer the galaxy, she would be hunted and hated by her former compatriots as a traitor to the Kheran war effort for eons till modern day. When the Brotherhood began their assault, transforming humans into posthuman warriors for their cause.

"World's End"
With the "World's End" crossover, original Wildcats Spartan, Zealot, Voodoo, Grifter, Maul, Nemesis and Warblade were brought together again to help save what was left of the human race. Their membership also included Ladytron as well as a few new members:
Backlash (real name Jodi Slayton, formerly known as Jet): The daughter of the original Backlash. She possesses superhuman speed and reflexes.

Nemesis subsequently went missing following the teams battle with Majestic, while Savant rejoined the team.

"Infinite Frontier"

Creative teams

Volume 1
0: Jim Lee (Plot), Brandon Choi (Script), Brett Booth (Art)
1–9: Jim Lee (plot, art), Brandon Choi (script)
10–13: Chris Claremont (writer), Jim Lee (artist)
14: Erik Larsen (writer, artist)
15–20: James Robinson (writer), Travis Charest, Jim Lee (artists)
21–34: Alan Moore (writer), Travis Charest, Jim Lee, Mat Broome and others (artists)
35–36: Barbara Kesel (writer), Pascual Ferry, Rich Johnson and Carlos D'Anda (artists)
37–49: Brandon Choi, Jonathan Peterson (co-plotters), Mat Broome, Ed Benes and others (artists)
50: James Robinson, Brandon Choi & Jonathan Peterson, Alan Moore (writers), Jim Lee, Ed Benes, Travis Charest (artists)
Special 1: Steve Gerber (writer), Travis Charest (artist)
Annual 1: James Robinson (writer), Larry Stroman (artist)

Volume 2
1–7: Scott Lobdell, Joe Casey (co-plotters), Travis Charest and others (artists)
8–28: Joe Casey (writer), Sean Phillips, Steve Dillon (artists)

Volume 3.0
1–15: Joe Casey (writer), Dustin Nguyen, Richard Friend (artists)
16: Joe Casey (writer), Francisco Ruiz Velasco, Sean Phillips (artists)
17: Joe Casey (writer), Francisco Ruiz Velasco (artists)
18: Joe Casey (writer), Pascual Ferry, Sandra Hope (artists)
19-24: Joe Casey (writer), Duncan Rouleau, John Dell (artists)

Volume 4
1: Grant Morrison (plot), Jim Lee (art).

Volume 5
1–12: Christos Gage (writer), Neil Googe, Pete Woods (art).
13–18: Christos Gage (writer), Shawn Moll (art).
19–30: Adam Beechen (writer), Tim Seeley (art).

Volume 6
1-12 Matthew Rosenberg (writer), Stephen Segovia, Tom Derenick (art)

Collected editions
Trade paperback collections:
Absolute WildC.A.T.s by Jim Lee—Collects vol. 1 #1-13 and #50, WildC.A.T.s/X-Men: The Silver Age
WildC.A.T.s: Covert Action Teams: Compendium ()—Collects vol. 1 #1–4
WildC.A.T.s/Cyberforce: Killer Instinct ()—Collects vol. 1 #5–7 and Cyberforce vol. 2 #1–3 ()
WildC.A.T.s: A Gathering of Eagles—Collects vol. 1 #10–13 ()
WildC.A.T.s: Trilogy—Collects mini-series #1–3
James Robinson's Complete WildC.A.T.s ()—Collects vol. 1 #15–20, Annual #1, and Team One/WildC.A.T.S. (January 2009)
Alan Moore's Complete WildC.A.T.s—Collects vol. 1 #21–34 and #50
WildC.A.T.s: Homecoming—Collects vol. 1 #21–27 () (first printing, 1998; second printing 1999)
WildC.A.T.s: Gang War—Collects vol. 1 #28–34 () (first printing, November 1998; second printing, May 1999)
Alan Moore's Wild Worlds—Collects Spawn/Wildcats #1–4, Voodoo #1–4, Voodoo: Dancing in the Dark, Deathblow: By Blows #1–3, Wildcats #50, Wildstorm Spotlight #1
Wildcats: Street Smart—Collects vol. 2 #1–6
Wildcats: Vicious Circles—Collects vol. 2 #8–13
Wildcats: Serial Boxes—Collects vol. 2 #14–19
Wildcats: Battery Park—Collects vol. 2 #20–28
Wildcats 3.0 Year One—Collects vol. 3 #1–12
Wildcats Version 3.0: Brand Building—Collects vol. 3 #1–6
Wildcats Version 3.0: Full Disclosure—Collects vol. 3 #7–12
Wildcats 3.0 Year Two—Collects vol. 3 #13–24
Wildcats: Nemesis—Collects Wildcats: Nemesis #1–9
Wildcats: World's End—Collects vol. 5 #1–6,
Wildcats: Family Secrets—Collects vol. 5 #7–12,
WildC.A.T.S, Vol. 1: Better Living Through Violence HC - collects vol. 6 #1-6, Batman: Urban Legends #6, and Wildstorm 30th Anniversary Special

Vol. 1 #14 is collected in Savage Dragon Vol. 4: Possessed as it was done by Erik Larsen as part of Image X Month; #20 is also collected in the Wildstorm Rising trade paperback, while JLA/WildC.A.T.s is collected in the JLA: Ultramarine Corps trade.

Both WildC.A.T.S Covert Action Teams: Compendium and A Gathering of Eagles are out of print. New printings of the trade paperbacks WildC.A.T.s: Homecoming and WildC.A.T.s: Gang War were published in 1999 after the late 1998 acquisition of WildStorm Productions by DC Comics; as of 2009, both volumes have now sold out and are currently out of print. In August 2007 Alan Moore's Complete WildC.A.T.S TPB was released, containing the contents of both Gang War and Homecoming TPBs, as well as the short story from WildC.A.T.S #50.

Reception
Andy Butcher reviewed the first graphic novel compendium of WildC.A.T.s: Covert Action Teams for Arcane magazine, rating it a 6 out of 10 overall. Butcher comments that "of all the artists who've tried to write, Lee is one of the more successful. Despite some confusing flashbacks at the start, he is at least capable of stringing a story together. As long as you concentrate (a lot of characters and factions are introduced very quickly), it's an enjoyable if fairly linear tale. And of course, the art is simply stunning."

In other media

TV series

A WildC.A.T.s TV series was created in 1994. It had only thirteen episodes and a more family-friendly storyline. As a result, there were numerous changes from the source material, such as Voodoo being an adolescent rather than an ex-stripper and Lord Emp being an ordinary human. The group was composed of all the original 'C.A.T.s. The major villain was Helspont, but the Troika and the Coda were featured. A parody of the series, MadD.O.G.s, was seen during Alan Moore's run in the comics. The series was produced by Nelvana Limited and WildStorm Productions.

Toyline
A toyline from Playmates Toys was also released in 1994. The basic series included figures of Grifter, Helspont, Maul, Spartan, Warblade and Zealot, along with a generic Daemonite figure. In 1995, new versions of Helspont, Maul, Spartan, Warblade, and Zealot were released, along with figures of Pike, Void, and Voodoo, and a WildC.A.T.S. Bullet Bike accessory. In addition, Playmates also produced "giant" versions of Grifter, Maul, and Spartan, plus figures for other characters in the Image Universe, such as Black Razor, Mr. Majestic, and Slag.

Video game
In 1995, Playmates Interactive Entertainment published a WildC.A.T.s video game exclusively for the Super NES. A WildC.A.T.s game for Sega Genesis was planned but never released.

References

External links

International Hero entry for WildC.A.T.s
WILDCATS: WORLDSTORM #1 PREVIEW
FALL PREVIEW: WILDCATS Take an exclusive look at writer Grant Morrison's original pitch to resurrect Wildstorm's flagship title!
'CATS AND CATACOMBS Jim Lee delves into his past and his initial thoughts for the new Wildcats series

1992 comics debuts
WildStorm superhero teams
WildStorm titles
DC Comics superhero teams
Characters created by Jim Lee
Comics by Jim Lee

Comics adapted into video games

Wildcats (comics)


ඔසාමා බින් මොහොමඩ් බින් අවඩ් බින් ලාඩන් (1957 මාර්තු 10 – 2011 මැයි 2) යනු අල්-කයිඩා නම් සර්ව-ඉස්ලාමීය සටන්කාමී සංවිධානයේ නිර්මාතෲ ය. අල්-කයිඩා සංවිධානය එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ ආරක්ෂක මණ්ඩලය, උතුරු අත්ලාන්තික් ගිවිසුම් සංවිධානය (NATO), යුරෝපා සංගමය සහ රටවල් ගණනාවක් විසින් ත්‍රස්තවාදී කණ්ඩායමක් ලෙස නම් කර ඇත. බින් ලාඩන් ගේ නායකත්වය යටතේ අල්-කයිඩා විසින් එක්සත් ජනපදයේ සැප්තැම්බර් 11 ප්‍රහාර ඇතුළුව ලොව පුරා ප්‍රහාර ගණනාවක් සිදු කරන ලදී.

බින් ලාඩන් පවුල ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන ධනවත් පවුලක උපත ලැබූ ඔහු 1994 තෙක් සෞදි අරාබියානු පුරවැසියෙකු විය. බින් ලාඩන්ගේ පියා වූ මොහොමඩ් බින් අවඩ් බින් ලාඩන් යනු යේමනයේ මිලියනපති ව්‍යාපාරිකයෙකු සහ සෞදි බින්ලාඩින් නම් ඉදිකිරීම් ආයතනයේ නිර්මාතෲ ද විය. ආලියා ඝනෙම් නම් ඔහුගේ මව සිරියාවේ මධ්‍යම පාන්තික පවුලක කාන්තාවක් විය. සවුදි අරාබියේ ඉපදුනු බින් ලාඩන් 1979 තෙක් රටේ විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයක ඉගෙනුම ලැබූ අතර, ඉන්පසු ඔහු ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථානයේ සෝවියට්වරුන්ට එරෙහිව යුද්ධ කරමින් සිටි මුජහයිදීන් හමුදාවට බැඳුනේය. ඔහු අරාබියේ සිට ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථානයට අවි ආයුධ, මුදල් සහ සටන්කරුවන් ගෙන්වා මුජහයිදීන් හමුදාව ශක්තිමත් කළේය. 1988 දී ඔහු අල්-කයිඩා සංවිධානය බිහි කළේය. 1992 දී ඔහුව සවුදි අරාබියෙන් නෙරපන ලද අතර ඔහු තම මූලස්ථානය සුඩානයට මාරු කළේය. එහෙත් 1996 දී එක්සත් ජනපදයේ පීඩනය මත ඔවුන්ට සුඩානයෙන් ද ඉවත් වීමට සිදු වුනි. ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථානයේ නව මූලස්ථානයක් පිහිටුවා ගත් පසු ඔහු, බෝම්බ ප්‍රහාර සහ තවත් ප්‍රහාර මාලාවක්ම දියත් කරමින් එක්සත් ජනපදය ට එරෙහිව යුද්ධය ප්‍රකාශ කළේ ය. 1998 එක්සත් ජනපද තානාපති කාර්යාල බෝම්බ ප්‍රහාර වලින් පසුව ඔහු ෆෙඩරල් විමර්ශන කාර්යාංශයේ වඩාත්ම අවශ්‍ය කරන (Most Wanted) ත්‍රස්තවාදීන් දස දෙනාගේ ලැයිස්තුවේ ඇතුලත් විය.

සැප්තැම්බර් 11 ප්‍රහාර වල මහ මොළකරු ලෙස බින් ලාඩන් සැළකේ. සැප්තැම්බර් 11 ප්‍රහාර මගින් එක්සත් ජනපදයෙහි 3,000 ක් පමණ ජනයා මරණයට පත් වූ අතර, ජනපති ජෝර්ජ් බුෂ් ගේ අණ යටතේ "ත්‍රස්තවාදයට එරෙහි යුද්ධය" සහ ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථාන යුද්ධය ආරම්භ වීමට හේතු විය. මෙයින් පසු ඔහුව අල්ලා ගැනීම සඳහා දශකයක් තිස්සේ ජාත්‍යන්තර වශයෙන් සංවිධානාත්මක "මිනිස්-දඩයමක්" ද විය. 2001 සිට 2011 දක්වා බින් ලාඩන් එක්සත් ජනපදයෙහි ප්‍රධාන ඉලක්කයක් වූ අතර, ෆෙඩරල් විමර්ශන කාර්යාංශය ඔහු ගැන තොරතුරක් වෙනුවෙන් එ.ජ.ඩොලර් මිලියන 25ක ත්‍යාගයක් පිරිනමන බව සඳහන් කළේය. 2011 මැයි 2 වැනිදා, පාකිස්ථානයේ ඇබොටාබෑඩ් හි පුද්ගලික නේවාසික සංකීර්ණයකදී, එක්සත් ජනපද නාවික හමුදා සීල් කණ්ඩායමක් විසින් ඔසාමා බින් ලාඩන් වෙඩි තබා ඝාතනයට ලක් විය. මෙම රහසිගත මෙහෙයුම එක්සත් ජනපද නාවික විශේෂ යුද්ධ සංවර්ධන කණ්ඩායම (6 වැනි සීල් කණ්ඩායම) සහ මධ්‍යම බුද්ධි ඒජන්සියේ SAD/SOG මෙහෙයුම්කරුවන් විසින් ජනපති බැරැක් ඔබාමා ගේ නියෝග යටතේ සිදු කර ඇත.

මූලාශ්‍ර

20 වන සියවසේ අපරාධකරුවන්
21 වන සියවසේ අපරාධකරුවන්
ඉස්ලාම් ත්‍රස්තවාදී කණ්ඩායම් වල නායකයින්
ත්‍රස්තවාදයට එරෙහි යුද්ධය

ඔසාමා බින් ලාඩන්


er en Kaiju-film fra 1967, instrueret af Noriaki Yuasa og skrevet af Nisan Takahashi. Det er den første Gamera-film med Kaiju-figuren Gyaos, som senere ville blive Gamera's mest populære rival, og kom til at vende tilbage i Gamera: Guardian of the Universe, Gamera 3: The Revenge of Iris og Gamera the Brave.

Eksterne henvisninger

Film fra Japan
Film fra 1967

Gamera vs. Gyaos