Ronald Ellwin Evans Jr. (November 10, 1933 – April 7, 1990) was an American electrical engineer, aeronautical engineer, officer and aviator in the United States Navy, and NASA astronaut. As Command Module Pilot on Apollo 17 he was one of the 24 astronauts to fly to the Moon, and one of 12 people to have flown to the Moon without landing.

Before becoming an astronaut, Evans graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Kansas and joined the U.S. Navy in 1956. After receiving his naval aviator wings, he served as a fighter pilot and flew combat missions during the Vietnam War. In 1964 he received a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School. Achieving the rank of captain, he retired from the Navy in 1976.

Evans was selected as an astronaut by NASA as part of NASA Astronaut Group 5 in 1966 and made his only spaceflight as command Module pilot aboard Apollo 17 in December 1972, the last crewed mission to the Moon, with Commander Gene Cernan and Lunar Module Pilot Harrison Schmitt. During the flight, Evans and five mice orbited the Moon a record 75 times as his two crewmates descended to and explored the surface. He is the last person to orbit the Moon alone and, at 147 hours and 43 minutes, holds the record for the most time spent in lunar orbit. During Apollo 17's return flight to Earth, Evans performed an extravehicular activity (EVA) to retrieve film cassettes from the service module. It was the third "deep space" EVA, and is the spacewalk performed at the greatest distance from any planetary body. , it remains one of only three deep space EVAs, all made during the Apollo program's J-missions. It was the final spacewalk of the Apollo program.

In 1975, Evans served as backup Command Module Pilot for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission. He worked on the development of the Space Shuttle before retiring from NASA in March 1977 to become a coal industry executive.

Early life and education
Ronald Ellwin Evans was born on November 10, 1933, in St. Francis, Kansas, the son of Clarence Ellwin (Jim) Evans and his wife Marie . He had two younger siblings, Larry Joe Evans and Jay Evans. He was active in the Boy Scouts of America where he achieved its second highest rank, Life Scout. He attended St Francis Elementary School. His father served in the United States Navy during World War II. Evans started his secondary education at St Francis High School, but only attended for two months before the family moved to Topeka, Kansas to seek medical treatment for his brother Larry, who was diagnosed with  liver cancer. Larry died in 1951, and his parents separated. Evans attended Highland Park High School in Topeka, where he served on the Student Council, and was the president of the Science Club. He was a member of the school American football team, and was an All-Conference guard. His other brother, Dale, secured a football scholarship to Kansas State University where he played college football, and later played professionally for the Denver Broncos. Later Dale served two tours of duty in Vietnam with the United States Marine Corps.

Evans decided to study electrical engineering at the University of Kansas. His application was accepted, and he was offered a place starting in September 1951. His family had little money, so in order to pay for his college education he secured a scholarship from the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC). During the fraternities rush week he joined the Sigma Nu fraternity. He earned extra money selling Chesterfield cigarettes, and had a cigarette vending machine installed in the Sigma Nu fraternity house. NROTC training involved a parade for one hour each week, and during the summer break there were midshipman cruises on warships. The first was on the battleship . In his sophomore year there was an introduction to naval aviation at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi in Texas. This experience inspired Evans to become a naval aviator. The third year cruise was to Europe on the , a destroyer minelayer. In his junior year he was elected to the Sigma Tau, Tau Beta Pi and Sigma Xi engineering honor societies. During his final summer break he worked in a glass factory to gain general engineering experience. He graduated with his Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering in June 1956.

Navy
In a letter dated December 12, 1955, the Navy offered Evans a commission as an ensign and designated him a student aviator. He reported to Naval Air Station Pensacola in February 1956 for basic flight training in the Beechcraft T-34 Mentor, and made his first solo flight on May 21. He then progressed to the more powerful North American T-28 Trojan. His flight training then moved to Naval Outlying Landing Field Barin in Alabama, where student aviators practised landing on an aircraft carrier using an outline painted on the runway in the old North American T-6 Texan (known as the SNJ). Six actual landings were then made on the aircraft carrier . Evans returned to Topeka for Christmas leave. There he met Janet Merle (Jan) Pollom, who worked as a secretary at Forbes Air Force Base, and fell in love with her. On January 4, 1957, he reported to Naval Air Station Memphis, where he was taught instrument flying, culminating in a ground-controlled approach test. He then learned how to fly a jet aircraft, the Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star. In a ceremony on April 12 attended by Pollom, her mother, and Evans' mother, the chief of the Naval Air Technical Training Command, Rear Admiral Frank P. Akers handed out certificates to Evans' class designating them as naval aviator. Pollom pinned his aviator wings on his uniform.

Evans became a fighter pilot with Fighter Squadron 142 (VF-142), which was based at Naval Air Station Miramar in California, although it was still aboard the aircraft carrier  when he arrived on July 14, 1957, and did not reach Miramar until July 25. The squadron was due to receive the new Vought F8U Crusader fighter, but these had not yet arrived, and in the meantime they flew the old North American FJ-3 Fury. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant (junior grade), and married Pollom at the Westminster Presbyterian Church of Topeka on December 22, 1957. They had two children: a daughter, Jaime Dayle, and a son, Jon.

In January 1959, VF-142 boarded the brand new aircraft carrier , and set off on a cruise of the Western Pacific, which lasted until July 27, 1959. Afterwards, most of VF-142 was posted elsewhere, and Evans was one of the five pilots that remained. They took delivery of new model F8U Crusaders, and were joined by new pilots who had to be trained to fly them. The squadron was then assigned to the aircraft carrier , which departed for a tour of the Western Pacific on May 14, and returned to San Diego on December 15. During the voyage, Evans completed correspondence coursework for promotion to lieutenant, and was promoted to that rank in June. With the completion of back to back deployments, he became a flight instructor for the F8U Crusader with Fighter Squadron 124 (VF-124), but until it moved to Miramar in June, he had to fly the Grumman F9F Cougar, although he was able to fly the F8U Crusader once a week or so to stay familiar with it.

In 1962, Evans entered the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. Fellow students there at the time included Robert H. Shumaker, Gene Cernan, Richard F. Gordon Jr., Paul J. Weitz and Jack Lousma. On June 5, 1963, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announced that it would be recruiting a new group of astronauts.  Military applications were due by July 15. They were pre-screened by the services, and those that the Navy regarded as qualified were contacted and invited to apply. Evans was on leave in Topeka, and received this notification in the form of a telegram. He submitted the required paperwork on July 6. Cernan, Evans, Gordon and Shumaker were among the 34 finalists that NASA invited to undergo a week of medical and physiological tests at Brooks Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. Six were eliminated at this point; the remaining 28, including Evans, were invited to come to Houston, Texas for interviews and testing. On October 14, Cernan and Evans were both called out of class to take long distance calls from NASA. For Cernan, it was a call from Deke Slayton, NASA's Director of Space Flight Operations, informing that he had been chosen; for Evans, it was one from Al Shepard, informing him that he had not. Evans returned to his studies. The Navy frowned on officers loafing while still drawing pay during the summer break, so the students had to take summer classes. Evans chose to take a course in Russian at the Defense Language Institute at the Presidio of Monterey. He graduated with a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering in 1964.

After two years ashore, Evans rejoined VF-124 to re-qualify for aircraft carrier duty. He was then assigned to Fighter Squadron 51 (VF-51), once again flying the F8U Crusader. The ship was already engaged in  a combat tour of the Western Pacific on board the aircraft carrier , an older sister ship of the Oriskany, so Evans was flown to Naval Air Station Cubi Point in the Philippines, where he collected an F8U Crusader that had been set aside for him, and flew out to the ship. The Ticonderoga returned to San Diego in December 1964. Evans was appointed the squadron maintenance officer, a position usually held by a lieutenant commander, and soon after received a spot promotion to that rank.

The Ticonderoga departed for its next Western Pacific cruise in September 1965, but this was not a normal peacetime cruise; the Ticonderoga was assigned to Dixie Station off the coast of South Vietnam, from whence aircraft carriers launched strikes in support of American and South Vietnamese troops engaged in combat operations in the Vietnam War. During a training exercise, Evans collided with his wingman, Lieutenant Roy E. Miller. Evans had to land at Tan Son Nhut Air Base because his aircraft was too badly damaged to be recovered by an aircraft carrier, and it had to be shipped back to the United States for repairs. It was seen by his wife, who recorded a duet of Side by Side with Miller's wife, adding to the ribbing Evans received from his shipmates. Within days he was flying combat missions over South Vietnam. Ordnance was in short supply, so in order to inflate the number of sorties flown, aircraft seldom carried full bomb loads. Evans' aircraft was holed by ground fire.

On September 10, 1965, NASA announced that it was recruiting another group of pilot astronauts. Once again, the Bureau of Naval Personnel (BUPERS) contacted Evans and asked if he wanted to volunteer, which he did. On November 12, a package of forms was received by his wife Jan in San Diego, with a cover letter that explained that BUPERS had recommended Evans to NASA. She contacted Slayton, and explained that Evans was on a deployment in the Western Pacific, and was unlikely to be able to return the forms before the December 1 deadline. Slayton reassured her that this would be taken into consideration. Evans managed to mail the forms on December 7. A few weeks later a letter arrived informing Evans that once again he had made the short list, and was invited to come to Brooks Air Force Base for another round of tests.

Ticonderoga was back on Dixie station by January 28, and Evans was flying attack missions against Viet Cong insurgents. On that day, his aircraft suffered an electrical failure and he was left with a bomb under his right wing that he was unable to jettison. This made it too dangerous to attempt a landing on the Ticonderoga, so he was ordered to proceed to Cam Ranh Air Force Base, Evans skidded on the wet Marston Mat runway and went  off its end. The bomb did not explode. Evans was taken to the office of the base commander, where a United States Air Force sergeant handed him orders to proceed to Texas for astronaut selection. Once again, Evans endured the battery of medical and psychological tests, and was chosen as one of the 35 finalists to be interviewed at the Rice Hotel. His temporary duty assignment only covered the tests, but BUPERS extended it to March 5, and then turned down his squadron commander's request for a replacement officer. As it happened, Evans did not miss much action, as the Ticonderoga departed Subic Bay in the Philippines for Sasebo, Japan, on February 17, but it was back on Dixie Station by March 6. Eleven days later, Evans participated in an attack on Viet Cong units that earned him a Navy Commendation Medal. On March 26, he received word that he had been selected for astronaut training. He was one of the nineteen astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966.

Evans completed a seven-month tour of duty flying combat missions. In his Navy service, Evans had logged 2,084 hours of flight time, including 4,600 hours in jet aircraft. He had flown 112 combat missions. In a ceremony on the Ticonderogas flight deck on April 1, he was awarded gold 5/16 inch stars in lieu of his second, third, fourth and fifth Air Medals. He flew his last mission, a combat air patrol, on April 21.

NASA

Support crew
The Ticonderoga left Dixie station on April 21, 1966, and returned to San Diego on May 16. Evans preceded it, after taking a mail plane to the Philippines, and then a Military Air Transport Service flight to San Diego, which he reached on April 28. He then took a flight to Houston on May 1. The family remained in San Diego until his daughter Jaime finished her school year in late May. In the meantime Evans and Jan bought a four-bedroom house in El Lago, Texas. It was newly built, with no furniture, and the electricity and telephone still to be connected. The family set out for Houston on June 6, taking four days to make the journey in their Rambler station wagon. As their furniture had not yet arrived, they initially stayed in quarters at Ellington Air Force Base. The family was finally able to move in on July 6. Evans' Navy Commendation Medal citation was forwarded to NASA, and the medal was presented to him, along with a silver 5/16 inch star in lieu of his sixth Air Medal and gold 5/16 inch stars in lieu of his seventh and eighth, by Robert Gilruth, the director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center.

In earlier astronaut groups, the senior astronaut had assumed the role of command module pilot (CMP) while the more junior was the lunar module pilot (LMP), but the Nineteen were divided into Command/Service Module (CSM) and Lunar Module (LM) specialists. Slayton asked each of the Nineteen which speciality he preferred, but made the final decision himself. This early division of assignments would have a profound effect on their subsequent careers. Evans became a CSM specialist. He was chosen as a member of the support crew for Apollo 1, the first crewed Project Apollo mission, along with Ed Givens and Jack Swigert, two fellow members of his astronaut group. The astronauts assigned to this duty regarded it as the lowest rung on the ladder.  Usually low in seniority, they assembled the mission's rules, flight plan, and checklists, and kept them updated, and worked in the simulators developing procedures, especially those for emergency situations. They also stood by during spacecraft tests on the launch pad, and set up the cockpit, ensuring that all the switches were in the right positions. In this role, Evans worked inside the Apollo spacecraft for a couple of hours on January 26, 1967. The support crew then flew back to Houston. On landing at Ellington Air Force Base they were informed that the prime crew had died in a fire inside the spacecraft.

When planning for Apollo missions resumed, Evans, Givens and Swigert were assigned to the support crew of Apollo 7, which would now be the first crewed flight.  Givens was killed in a motor vehicle accident on June 6, 1967, and was replaced on the support crew by Bill Pogue. Evans was subsequently a member of the support crew for Apollo 11, the first Moon landing, and he was a capsule communicator (CAPCOM) for Apollo 7, Apollo 11 and Apollo 14.

Backup crew
Under the rotation scheme developed by Slayton, the role of backup commander (CDR) for Apollo 13 would have been John Young, the CMP of Apollo 10, and that of Apollo 14 would have been the CMP of Apollo 11, Michael Collins. They would then become the prime crew CDRs of Apollo 16 and Apollo 17 respectively. However, Cernan baulked at reprising his role as LMP  with Young, holding out for his own mission. This became available when Collins declined the opportunity to lead a mission to the Moon. Cernan was therefore selected as backup CDR of Apollo 14 in his stead. This was fortunate for Evans as well; Slayton consulted with Cernan about the selection of the rest of his Apollo 14 backup crew, and they chose Evans as CMP and Joe Engle as LMP. The prime crew for Apollo 14 would be Alan Shepard, the Chief of the Astronaut Office as CDR, Ed Mitchell as LMP and Stu Roosa as CMP. Evans' selection as a member of the Apollo 14 backup crew was formally announced by NASA on August 6, 1969. He was still a serving naval officer, and on October 1, 1969, was promoted to commander.

That the backup crew of Apollo 14 would in due course become the prime crew of Apollo 17 as per the rotation scheme was far from certain. The absence of science astronauts on the prime or backup crews of Apollo 13 and Apollo 14 caused adverse reaction in the media, and there was pressure from the scientific community to send a scientist to the Moon. When Slayton announced the crew for Apollo 15 on March 26, 1970, geologist astronaut Harrison Schmitt was named as backup LMP, with Vance Brand as backup CMP and Richard Gordon as backup CDR. Under the rotation scheme, they could expect to become the prime crew for Apollo 18.

When Apollo 18 was cancelled in September 1970, the scientific community pressed NASA to assign Schmitt, a geologist, to Apollo 17 rather than a pilot with non-professional geological training. This left Slayton with the question of who would fill the two other Apollo 17 slots: the rest of the Apollo 15 backup crew or the Apollo 14 backup crew (except for Engle). Gordon's crew's experience as backup to Apollo 15 was more relevant for the proposed Apollo 17 mission, as Apollo 15 was a similar J-class mission using the Extended Lunar Module, capable of three-day stays on the Moon, and carrying the Lunar Roving Vehicle. Nor was support for assigning Cernan to Apollo 17 unanimous within NASA; Tom Stafford, the acting chief of the Astronaut office with Shepard assigned to Apollo 14, strongly supported Cernan, with whom he had flown on Gemini 9A and Apollo 10, as did Shepard; but Gordon was supported by James McDivitt, the manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program Office, and Pete Conrad, who had been Gordon's CDR on Apollo 12. Cernan crashed a Bell 47G helicopter into the Indian River near Cape Canaveral during a training exercise in January 1971; the accident was attributed to pilot error, as Cernan had misjudged his altitude before crashing into the water. Slayton dismissed concerns about Cernan's judgment. After being offered command of the mission, Cernan objected to Engle's omission from the crew, but acquiesced when it became clear that Schmitt would fly on Apollo 17 with or without Cernan. The fate of the CMP was tied to that of his CDR.

The prime crew of Apollo 17 was publicly announced on August 13, 1971. The original backup crew for Apollo 17, announced at the same time, was the crew of Apollo 15: David Scott as CDR, Alfred Worden as CMP and James Irwin as LMP; but they were removed because of their roles in the Apollo 15 postal covers incident. On May 23, 1972, they were replaced with Young and Duke from the crew of Apollo 16, as backup CDR and LMP respectively, and Roosa from the Apollo 14 crew as backup CMP. Thus, Evans served as Roosa's backup on Apollo 14, and Roosa as Evans' backup on Apollo 17. The two men studied geology with Farouk El-Baz, often on their own time. They became close friends. They would talk about the Moon and the mission at length, and often end with a few beers. Their training was directed at developing the ability to make observations and take photographs of features from orbit. They would fly over geological features in NASA Northrop T-38 Talon jets and tape record their observations and take photographs. These would then be critiqued by geologists. Farouk sometimes flew with Evans or Roosa in the T-38s or small United States Geological Survey aircraft.

Prime crew

While suited up for the Apollo 17 mission, but before his helmet was attached, Evans smoked a last cigarette. His crewmates had urged him to quit, and Schmitt suggested that he could take advantage of the two-week mission to go cold turkey. An estimated 700,000 people watched the night launch from the Kennedy Space Center, the largest crowd of spectators since Apollo 11. The flight plan kept Evans busy, making him so tired he overslept one morning by an hour, despite the efforts of Mission Control to awaken him. Before the LM departed for the lunar surface, he had discovered that he had misplaced his pair of scissors, necessary to open food packets. Cernan and Schmitt lent him one of theirs. While Cernan and Schmitt landed on the Moon and explored the Taurus–Littrow valley, Evans remained in lunar orbit on board the Command Module America, completing assigned work tasks which required visual geological observations, hand-held photography of specific targets, and the control of cameras and other highly sophisticated scientific equipment carried in the service module's SIM bay. Cernan and Schmitt referred to Evans as "Captain America", after the comic book character.

The orbit of the CSM having been modified to an elliptical orbit in preparation for the LM's departure and eventual descent, one of Evans' first solo tasks in the CSM was to circularize its orbit such that the CSM would remain at approximately the same distance above the surface throughout its orbit. Thereafter, he observed ten visual targets that had been assigned prior to launch, all of which were successfully identified during the course of the mission. He focused on surface features as well as the solar corona at "sunrise," or the period of time during which the CSM would pass from the darkened portion of the Moon to the illuminated portion when the Moon itself mostly obscured the sun. To photograph portions of the surface that were not illuminated by the sun while Evans passed over them, Evans relied in conjunction on exposure and Earthlight. Evans photographed such features as the craters Eratosthenes and Copernicus, as well as the vicinity of Mare Orientale, using this technique. According to the Apollo 17 Mission Report, Evans was able to capture all scientific photographic targets, as well as some other targets of interest.

The instruments in the SIM bay functioned without significant hindrance during the orbital portion of the mission, though the two antennas of the lunar sounder as well as the mapping camera encountered minor issues. The indicator on the instrument panel for the extension of one of the sounder's antennas was not functional and the second antenna suffered an apparent stall during its extension. Despite these technical difficulties, both antennas were deployed fully and the sounder achieved its planned observational purpose. Similarly, the extension and retraction of the mapping camera took longer than planned (about four minutes, longer than the nominal two) and, though deployment and retraction was not otherwise hindered, the use of this piece of equipment was reduced to avoid exhausting it by overuse.

Evans was also responsible for piloting the CSM during the orbital phase of the mission, maneuvering the spacecraft to alter and maintain its orbital trajectory. In addition to the initial orbital recircularization maneuver shortly after the LM's departure, one of the final significant solo activities Evans performed in the CSM in preparation for the return of his crewmates from the lunar surface was the plane change maneuver. This maneuver was meant to align the CSM's trajectory to the eventual trajectory of the LM to facilitate rendezvous in orbit. Evans fired the SPS engine of the CSM for about 20 seconds in successfully adjusting the CSM's orbital plane. He holds the record of most time spent in lunar orbit: 147 hours, 43 minutes and 37.11 seconds.

On the way back to Earth, Evans completed a one-hour, five-minute, 44-second extravehicular activity, during which he made three trips to the scientific instrument module (SIM) bay to retrieve lunar sounder film, the panoramic camera, and three camera mapping cassettes, and completed a personal inspection of the equipment bay area. For this Evans donned Cernan's lunar visor assembly with its red stripe, and the top part of his lunar backpack. He set up the movie camera and TV camera to record the EVA, allowing it to be televised live. After a flight of 301 hours, 51 minutes and 59 seconds, America splashed down in the Pacific Ocean, where it was retrieved by the Ticonderoga. To the dismay of his Apollo 17 crewmates, the first thing that Evans did when he got on board was ask one of the crew for a cigarette.

Astronauts normally received a spot promotion on the successful completion of a mission; Evans' promotion to captain was made official in January 1973. He received his Navy astronaut wings from John Warner, the United States Secretary of the Navy. The Apollo 17 crew were fêted at parties and receptions. They were driven around the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum at Super Bowl VII, they met Elvis Presley in Las Vegas and were hosted by President Richard Nixon at the White House and Camp David. Cernan and Evans refused to meet with Muhammad Ali because of the boxer's 1967 refusal to serve in the U.S. armed forces, but accepted hospitality from Frank Sinatra.

Evans was later backup CMP for the 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) mission. The Russian he had learned years before came in handy, but was limited. Asked to give a speech at a cosmonauts' dinner event, he recited Humpty Dumpty in Russian, which his hosts found hilarious. Evans retired from the U.S. Navy as captain on April 30, 1976, with 21 years of service, but remained active as a NASA astronaut involved in the development of NASA's Space Shuttle program. He served as a member of the operations and training group within the Astronaut Office, responsible for launch and ascent phases of the Space Shuttle program. He retired from NASA on March 8, 1977.

Later years
Jan's parents had retired to live in Sun City, Arizona, and Jan was eager to move to nearby Scottsdale, Arizona, so Evans looked for a job there. A chance encounter led to an offer to become the director of  marketing at the Scottsdale-based Western America Energy Corporation. Evans soon became disillusioned with the company and the industry and quit. He then found a position with Sperry Flight Systems, which made electronic components and cockpit instrumentation for the Space Shuttle, as its Director of Space Systems Marketing. But the president of the company who had brought him in died, and Evans had a falling out with his successor. He left to form his own consulting company, and formed a lucrative partnership with a Japanese entrepreneur who was building a theme park devoted to space exploration.

Evans died in his sleep of a heart attack at his home in Scottsdale on April 7, 1990, at the age of 56. He was buried at the Valley Presbyterian Church Memorial Garden in Paradise Valley, Arizona, where Jan would leave a red rose on the anniversaries of his birth, marriage, spaceflight and death.

Awards and honors
Evans was awarded the NASA Distinguished Service Medal in 1973, the Johnson Space Center Superior Achievement Award in 1970, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal in 1973, Navy Astronaut Wings, eight Air Medals, the Vietnam Service Medal, and the Navy Commendation Medal with combat distinguishing service. He received a University of Kansas Distinguished Service Citation in 1973, and was named Kansan of the Year in 1972. He was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 1983, and the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame on October 4, 1997.

See also
 The Blue Marble
 List of spaceflight records
 Nu Chapter Commander (KU-1956)

Notes

References

External links

 Astronautix biography of Ronald Evans
 Evans at Encyclopedia of Science
 Ronald Evans at the Kansas Historical Society

1933 births
1990 deaths
Apollo 17
Apollo program astronauts
United States Navy astronauts
United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees
People from St. Francis, Kansas
Military personnel from Kansas
University of Kansas alumni
Naval Postgraduate School alumni
United States Navy captains
United States Naval Aviators
Aviators from Kansas
American electrical engineers
American aerospace engineers
United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American engineers
Spacewalkers

Ronald Evans (astronaut)


Beaumaris ist ein Stadtteil von Melbourne. Er befindet sich etwa 20 km südöstlich der Innenstadt und liegt direkt am Port Phillip. Der Stadtteil ist nach der gleichnamigen Ortschaft in Wales benannt (siehe Beaumaris (Wales)). 2016 hatte der Stadtteil über 13.000 Einwohner.

Das erste Postamt wurde bereits im März 1868 in der Gegend eingerichtet, jedoch bereits einen Monat später geschlossen und erst 1925 wiedereröffnet. Von 1889 bis 1914 verkehrte eine von Pferden gezogene Straßenbahn zwischen Beaumaris und Melbourne.

Einzelnachweise

Stadtteil von Melbourne
Bayside City

Beaumaris (Victoria)


Crkva Uzvišenja Sv. Križa je župna rimokatolička crkva zeničke župe sv. Uzvišenja Sv. Križa. Nalazi se u naselju Klopču. Vode ju dominikanci.

Župa je osnovana 1975. godine. 1989. godine napokon je počela gradnja. Izliveni su temelji i ploče, no uskoro je izbio rat i gradnja je morala stati. Dovršena je tek poslije rata. 15. rujna 2007. blagoslovio ju je vrhbosanski nadbiskup, kardinal Vinko Puljić.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
KTA ZENIČKA ŽUPA KLOPČE PROSLAVILA PATRON, 16. rujna 2018.

Katoličke crkve u Bosni i Hercegovini
Katoličke crkve u Zenici
Dominikanske crkve

Crkva Uzvišenja Sv. Križa u Klopču


"Colors of the Wind" er en sang skrevet af Alan Menken (musik) og Stephen Schwartz (tekst). Sangen blev skrevet til Disneys tegnefilm Pocahontas fra 1995. Teksten handler om at vesterlændingene ikke ved noget om indianerne og deres livsstil.

Sangen synes af den amerikanske skuespiller og sanger, Judy Kuhn, der var Pocahontas amerikanske sangstemme.

Sangen vandt adskillige priser, heriblandt Oscar for bedste sang og Golden Globe for bedste sang.

Den danske tekst til oversættelsen Vindens Farver er skrevet af Monique og fremført af Susanne Elmark.

Referencer

Sange fra 1995
Disneysange

Colors of the Wind


تيوبالت فون بتمان هولفيغ  سياسي ألماني (29 نوفمبر 1856-1 يناير 1921) تولى منصب المستشار في ألمانيا من 14 يوليو 1909 إلى 13 يوليو 1917.

قاد الإمبراطورية الألمانية خلال معظم سنوات الحرب العالمية الأولى، بينما قادها في الأشهر الأربعة عشر المتبقية ثلاثة مستشارون، وذلك ربما لغياب الاستقرار السياسي في تلك الفترة.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

سياسيون من مقاطعة براندنبورغ
الحاصلون على الصليب الحديدي من الدرجة الأولى
الحاصلون على وسام الصقر الأبيض
المؤامرة الهندوسية الألمانية
أشخاص من مقاطعة براندنبورغ
ألمان في الحرب العالمية الأولى
أنصار الملكية الألمانية
بروتستانت ألمان
حاصلون على وسام جريفون (مكلنبورغ)
حاصلون على وسام هاينريش الأسد
زعماء الحرب العالمية الأولى
متقلدو وسام فريدريش أوجست كروس من الدرجة الأولى
مستشارو ألمانيا
مستشارو ألمانيا في القرن 20
مواليد 1856
نبلاء ألمان بلا لقب
نواب رؤساء وزراء بروسيا
نواب مستشاري ألمانيا
وزراء ألمانيا
وزراء حكومة ألمانيا
وزراء خارجية بروسيا
وزراء داخلية بروسيا
وفيات 1921
مجالس وزراء انحلت في 1917
مجالس وزراء أسست في 1909

تيوبالت فون بتمان هولفيغ


Addison Davis James (* 27. Februar 1850 bei Morgantown, Butler County, Kentucky; † 10. Juni 1947 in Penrod, Kentucky) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1907 und 1909 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Addison James besuchte die öffentlichen Schulen seiner Heimat. Danach studierte er bis 1873 an der University of Louisville Medizin. Auf diesem Gebiet wurde er auch beruflich tätig. Politisch wurde er Mitglied der Republikanischen Partei. Im Jahr 1890 war er Mitglied einer Versammlung zur Überarbeitung der Verfassung von Kentucky. Zwischen 1891 und 1893 war er Abgeordneter im Repräsentantenhaus von Kentucky. Bei der Weltausstellung in Chicago vertrat er in den Jahren 1892 und 1893 seinen Heimatstaat. 1895 saß James im Senat von Kentucky. Danach war er zwischen 1897 und 1905 US Marshal für seinen Staat.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1906 wurde James im dritten Wahlbezirk von Kentucky in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1907 die Nachfolge des Demokraten James M. Richardson antrat. Da er bei den folgenden Wahlen gegen Robert Y. Thomas verlor, konnte er bis zum 3. März 1909 nur eine Legislaturperiode im Kongress absolvieren. Nach seiner Zeit im US-Repräsentantenhaus arbeitete James wieder als Mediziner. Er starb am 10. Juni 1947 im Alter von 97 Jahren in Penrod. Sein Enkel John A. Whitaker wurde ebenfalls Kongressabgeordneter.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Kentucky
Mitglied des Senats von Kentucky
Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses von Kentucky
Mitglied der Republikanischen Partei
United States Marshal
Absolvent der University of Louisville
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1850
Gestorben 1947
Mann

Addison James


A galinhola-das-léquias ou galinhola-japonesa (Scolopax mira) é uma espécie de galinhola da família dos escolopacídeos,  que é nativa do Japão. É ligeiramente maior e com pernas mais longas do que a galinhola-eurasiática (S. rusticola), e talvez possam ser da mesma espécie.

Esta espécie é endêmica insular e possui distribuição restrita, encontrada apenas em florestas em duas pequenas ilhas do arquipélago das Ilhas Amami no sul do Japão. Os seus hábitos conhecidos são semelhantes aos da galinhola-eurasiática.

Taxonomia e sistemática
A galinhola-das-léquias foi originalmente descrita como uma subespécie da galinhola-eurasiática, devido a um jovem que se assemelhava à S. rusticola na coloração. Mais tarde, alguns argumentaram que a galinhola-das-léquias era uma espécie distinta—Kobayashi em 1979 e Cramp & Simmons em 1983. A comparação entre as duas espécies revelou suas características físicas distintas e levou à classificação da galinhola-das-léquias como uma espécie distinta.

Ligações externas

 BirdLife Species Factsheet.

Scolopax
Aves do Japão
Aves descritas em 1916

Galinhola-das-léquias


صخر المصدر (أو صخر المنشأ) هي صخور رسوبية تحتوي علي مواد عضوية مختلفة مثل (الدهون والبروتين وبقايا النباتات والأولجا وأنسجة وأجزاء رقيقة  وسوائل) في تراكيبها والتي تمثل مصدر للهيدروكروبون وهي عبارة عن بترول لم يصل بعد إلى مرحلته النهائية في التشكل، وتحتوي على ما يكفي من مواد عضوية، تسمى كيروجين لإنتاج النفط والغاز القابل للاحتراق.

مراجع

جيولوجيا النفط
علم الرواسب
علم الطبقات
هيدروكربونات

صخر المصدر


Poison The Well (genellikle PTW olarak kısaltılır), Miami'de kurulmuş bir post-hardcore, metalcore grubu. Vokalist Jeffrey Moreira grubun üç albümümünde de olmasına rağmen gitarist Ryan Primack ve davulcu Chris Hornbrook grubun değişmeyen en eski üyeleridir.

Kariyeri
Poison the Well Distance Only Makes The Heart Grow Fonder isimli ilk albümlerini 1998 yılında çıkardı. Albüm Trustkill' in dikkatini çekip grup ile uzun süreli bir anlaşma imzalamasını sağladı. PTW Trustkill ile ilk albümleri The Opposite of December... A Season of Separation' ı 1999 yılında çıkardı. Guitar World isimli dergi bir sayısında The Opposite of December' ın tüm zamanların en önemli Hardcore/Screamo albümü olduğunu söylemektedir.

The Opposite of December' ın yarattığı etki sonucunda grup pek çok ünlü müzik yapımcısı firmanın dikkatini çekti. Albüm o kadar başarılı olmuştu ki grup Distance Only Makes The Heart Grow Fonder albümlerini, ekstradan iki canlı şarkı ve biraz farklı bir başlıkla ("only" kelimesi çıkarılarak) Undecided Records üzerinden bir kere daha çıkardı. Bundan sonra grup Trustkill' den Tear From the Red isimli bir albüm daha çıkarıp "Botchla" isimli şarkılarına video klip çektiler. Albümün getirdiği popülerlik sonucu grup Atlantic Records ile anlaşma imzaladı. Tear From the Red albümünün  çıkışından 1 yıl sonra 2003' te grup You Come Before You isimli albümlerini çıkardı.

Poison the well Smashing Pumpkins'den Billy Corgan' a olan sevgileri ile bilinir. Grup kariyerinin başlarında Smashing Pumpkins' in "Today" isimli şarkısına düşük kaliteli bir demo kaydı yapmıştır ve bugün hala konserlerde canlı olarak bu şarkıyı seslendirmektedirler.

Albümler

Dış bağlantılar
Grubun resmî sitesi

Amerikalı heavy metal grupları
Amerikalı metalcore grupları
Amerikalı hardcore punk grupları
1997'de kurulan müzik grupları

Poison the Well


Joaquín Fernández de Córdoba y Pacheco (Madrid, 22 de abril de 1787 - Madrid, 1 de octubre de 1871), X marqués de Malpica, IX conde de Gondomar, XIX señor de Parla, XX señor de Valdepusa, VI duque de Arión y grande de España, fue un militar y aristócrata español que ostentó los cargos de caballerizo mayor y sumiller de corps de la reina Isabel II.

Familia
Era hijo de Manuel Antonio Fernández de Córdova y Pimentel, IX marqués de Malpica y de Teresa del Carmen Pacheco Tellez-Girón, que en 1775 se había convertido en V duquesa de Arión.

Tenía múltiples contactos familiares con la Corte. Sin ir más lejos, su abuelo paterno, el XII  duque de Medinaceli, fallecido en 1789, había sido mayordomo mayor de Carlos III, jefe de su Real Casa y, antes, caballerizo mayor de la reina viuda Isabel de Farnesio y, del príncipe de Asturias Carlos.

Biografía
En 1793 fue nombrado capitán del Regimiento de infantería de las Órdenes militares, que mandaba su padre, y, en 1799, fue trasladado al Regimiento de infantería de Málaga. Fallece el marqués de Malpica en 1805, heredando el título Joaquín. En la jornada de levantamiento del 2 de mayo combatió al frente de un puñado de paisanos en el puente de Toledo para marchar después al ejército de Extremadura, siendo ascendido a coronel de caballería.

Participó en varias acciones contra las tropas francesas en marzo de 1809 y fue ascendido a brigadier el 8 de abril de 1810. Participó en la batalla de Talavera y en la batalla de Ocaña. En agosto de 1811 fue nombrado ayudante de campo del general Castaños y siguió los movimientos del ejército en Extremadura, Galicia y Castilla.

Terminada la guerra, se casó el 16 de junio de 1814 con María de la Encarnación Álvarez de las Asturias-Bohorques, hija del duque de Gor, y el rey Fernando VII le nombró brigadier efectivo. Sucedió a su madre en el título ducal al fallecer ésta en 1828. Con tal importante posición, fue nombrado poco después gentilhombre grande de España con ejercicio y servidumbre de rey.

Por sus simpatías con el movimiento del Trienio Liberal fue, tras su fracaso, despojado de sus honores palatinos por el llamado Decreto de Andújar y, sólo restaurado en ellos, en 1829 a raíz del matrimonio del monarca con María Cristina de Borbón-Dos Sicilias.

Con el acceso al trono de la nueva reina Isabel II en 1833 su suerte cambió drásticamente ya que gozaba de la entera confianza de la reina gobernadora. Senador por la provincia de Toledo en 1834, en 1839 se le concedió la Gran Cruz de la Orden de Carlos III y fue nombrado para su primer puesto palatino, el de caballerizo mayor de la reina.

En 1845 fue nombrado senador vitalicio y, dos años, más tarde alcanzó el grado de mariscal de campo, con el que sirvió desde el 13 de junio de 1847 en el puesto de primer jefe comandante general de Reales Guardias Alabarderos.

En 1854 cesó como caballerizo y ocupó unos meses la Sumillería de Corps de la reina. Ésta le concedió, por sus reiterados servicios a la Corona, el Collar de la Orden del Toisón de Oro el 3 de junio de 1851.

En 1865 la reina volvió a nombrarle sumiller de corps encargado de su Real Cámara, cargo que ocupó hasta el derrocamiento de la monarca tres años después.

Su actitud tras la revolución, en el que se mantuvo fiel a la reina, negándose a prestar juramento al Rey Amadeo I hizo que perdiese todos sus grados y honores militares.

Cargos, oficios civiles y militares
 Senador vitalicio por Toledo.
 Escribano Mayor de las Rentas del Reino de Galicia y del Principado de Asturias.
 Mariscal de Campo Caballerizo Mayor, Montero Mayor y Ballestero Mayor de Isabel II.
 Sumiller de Corps.
 Jefe Superior Honorario de Palacio.
 Primer Comandante de Alabarderos.

Condecoraciones
 Caballero del Toisón de Oro.
 Gran Cruz de Carlos III.
 Gran Cruz de San Hermenegildo.
 Cruz por la batalla de Talavera la Reina.
 Cruz del Tercer Ejército.
 Cruz de la Fuga de Madrid.
 Caballero de San Jenaro de Nápoles.
 Gran Cruz de la Orden Imperial de la Rosa del Brasil.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Archivo General de Palacio (AGP). Patrimonio Nacional. Sección Personal.

Enlaces externos

Generales de España del siglo XIX
Militares de la guerra de la Independencia española
Senadores de España del reinado de Isabel II
Caballeros de la Orden del Toisón de Oro (Rama española)
Caballeros grandes cruces de la Orden de Carlos III
Militares de Madrid
Grandeza de España
Guardia Real
Duques de España
Marqueses de Mancera
Marqueses de Malpica
Señores de Parla
Nobles de España del siglo XIX
Caballerizos mayores del rey
Sumilleres de Corps del rey
Próceres del Reino natos de la legislatura 1834-1835
Próceres del Reino natos de la legislatura 1835-1836
Próceres del Reino natos de la legislatura 1836
Nacidos en Madrid
Corte de Isabel II de España

Joaquín Fernández de Córdoba


The coat of arms of Alberta, the heraldic symbol representing the Canadian province of Alberta, contains symbols reflecting Alberta's English heritage along with local symbols. The upper part of the shield features the red cross of Saint George. The lower portion of the shield depicts the Rocky Mountains, grass prairies, and wheat fields – representing Alberta's landscape.

A royal warrant of King Edward VII granted the original arms, consisting of only the shield, on 30 May 1907.
The arms were further augmented with supporters, a crest, and motto, by royal warrant of Queen Elizabeth II on 30 July 1980.

The shield, on a plain blue field, features in Alberta's provincial flag.

History
On 30 July 1980, Queen Elizabeth II augmented the armorial bearings by Royal Warrant with a crest, supporters, and a motto. The helmet under the crest was changed from a steel helmet to a gold royal helmet on 15 January 2008.

Symbolism

 Crest
 The crest sits above the shield and consists of a royal helmet crowned with a red and silver wreath, on top of which sits a beaver, resting on top of which is St Edward's Crown.  White and red are the official national colours of Canada, and the beaver is the official animal of Canada.
 Shield
 The shield represents the natural resources and beauty of the varied Alberta landscape: the Rocky Mountains and their foothills, the grass prairies, and the cultivated wheat fields. St George's Cross is an allusion to the arms of the Hudson's Bay Company, which once controlled what is now Alberta.
 Compartment
 The compartment or base is a grassy mount with wild roses, the official flower of Alberta.
 Supporters
 The supporters sit on either side of the shield and consist of a golden lion on the left (representing power) and a pronghorn on the right (representing Alberta's natural resources).  Neither of these is the official animal of Alberta (which is the bighorn sheep).
 Motto
, meaning "strong and free", a phrase from the English lyrics of "O Canada".

See also
Symbols of Alberta
Canadian heraldry
National symbols of Canada
List of Canadian provincial and territorial symbols
Heraldry

References

External links

 Government of Alberta, Community Development: Armorial Bearings

Provincial symbols of Alberta
Alberta
Alberta
Alberta
Alberta
Alberta
Alberta
Alberta
Alberta
Alberta

Coat of arms of Alberta


Schinnen (; ; ) er en kommune og en by, beliggende i den sydlige provins Limburg i Nederlandene. Kommunens areal er på 24.12 km², og indbyggertallet er på 12.954 pr. 1. januar 2017.

US Army Garrison Schinnen, en supportbase for hærens personale som arbejder ved Joint Force Command Brunssum, er placeret i Schinnens kommune.

Kernerne
Schinnen Kommunen består af følgende landsbyer og bebyggelser. Indbyggertallet er per 1. januar 2017.

Galleri

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

 Kommunens hjemmeside

Byer i Limburg
Kommuner i Limburg

Schinnen


Les Exterminateurs de l'an 3000 () est un film post-apocalyptique hispano-italien réalisé par Giuliano Carnimeo et sorti en 1983.

Synopsis
En l'an 3000, la Terre a été transformée en désert après une guerre nucléaire. Les quelques survivants vivent cachés dans des grottes souterraines tandis que la surface est contrôlée par des bandes sauvages de maraudeurs armés. L'eau est devenue la denrée la plus précieuse et les survivants sont toujours à la recherche du précieux liquide. Un groupe de survivants part à la recherche d'eau mais tombe dans un piège tendu par un groupe de fanatiques qui pensent que pour purifier la planète il faut tuer tous les survivants. Un nouveau groupe est rapidement formé et envoyé sur les traces du groupe précédent pour découvrir ce qui leur est arrivé. Tommy, un jeune garçon à la recherche de son père disparu lors de la première expédition, se joint également au groupe. Après une nouvelle attaque de maraudeurs, Tommy se retrouve tout seul jusqu'à ce qu'un étranger nommé Alien arrive pour l'aider.

Fiche technique
 Titre français : Les Exterminateurs de l'an 3000
 Titre original italien :  ou  ou
 Titre espagnol :
 Réalisation : Giuliano Carnimeo
 Scénario : , Dardano Sacchetti (sous le nom de « James A. Ritch »)
 Photographie : Alejandro Ulloa
 Montage : Gianfranco Amicucci, Adriano Tagliavia
 Musique : Detto Mariano
 Effets spéciaux : Gino De Rossi, Edmondo Natali
 Costumes : Luciana Marinucci
 Production : Camillo Teti
 Sociétés de production : 2T Produzione Film, Globe Film
 Pays de production :  •
 Langue originale : italien
 Format : Couleur • 1,85:1 • Son mono • 35 mm
 Genre : Action et science-fiction
 Durée : 83 minutes ()
 Dates de sortie :
Italie :
France :

Distribution
Robert Iannucci : Alien
Alicia Moro : Trash
Luciano Pigozzi (sous le nom d'« Alan Collins ») : Papillon
Eduardo Fajardo : Le sénateur
Fernando Bilbao (sous le nom de « Fred Harris ») : Crazy Bull
Beryl Cunningham : Shadow
Luca Venantini : Tommy
Anna Orso : Linda
Venantino Venantini : John
Sergio Mioni
Román Ariznavarreta
José Luis Chinchilla
Garcia Monserrat
Riccardo Mioni
Franco Salamon
James Clayton

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Liste de films post-apocalyptiques

Liens externes

Film espagnol sorti en 1983
Film italien sorti en 1983
Film d'action italien
Film d'action espagnol
Film de science-fiction italien
Film de science-fiction espagnol
Film en italien
Film espagnol tourné en italien
Film réalisé par Giuliano Carnimeo
Film avec une musique composée par Detto Mariano
Film tourné à Rome
Film tourné à Almería
Film tourné à Grenade (Espagne)
Film se déroulant dans le futur
Film post-apocalyptique italien
Film post-apocalyptique espagnol
An 3000
1988 en science-fiction

Les Exterminateurs de l'an 3000


يعد الديكور المسرحي عاملا مهما في إثراء ما يعرض على خشبة المسرح من مادة درامية أو استعراضية.

في عصر النهضة برز الاهتمام بالمعمار المسرحي وبرزت أعمال سيريليو وبلاديو، ويعتبر أفراد عائلة بيبينا من واضعي أسس فن المناظر وانتشرت أعمالهم في معظم دول أوروبا.

و في القرن العشرين اتضحت أهمية المناظر المسرحية كعنصر هام في العرض المسرحي عندما قام قسطنطين ستانسلافسكي (1863-1938)بتنفيذ جدران صلبة بدلاً من الستائر المشدودة.

مراجع

إنتاج الأفلام
تصميم
تقانات المسرح
مهن مسرحية

ديكور مسرحي


Manu Chao (d. 21 Temmuz 1961, tam adı José-Manuel Thomas Arthur Chao) İspanyol asıllı Fransız şarkıcı. Fransızca, İspanyolca, İngilizce, Galiçyaca, İtalyanca, Arapça, Portekizce ve başka pek çok dilde şarkılar seslendiriyor. Chao'nun müzik kariyeri Paris'te sokak müziği yaparak, çeşitli dilleri ve müzik türlerini bir arada yaşatan Hot Pants ve Los Carayos gibi gruplarla çalarak başladı. 1987 senesi, kardeşi Antoine Chao'yla ve arkadaşlarıyla Mano Negra grubunu kurdular. Grup, özellikle Avrupa'da önemli bir başarı yakaladı. Chao 1995'te gruptan ayrılarak solo söylemeye başladı ve o zamandan beridir de Radio Bemba grubuyla belli aralıklarda çıktığı turnelerde canlı performans sergiliyorlar.

İlk Gençlik
Manu Chao İspanyol kökenli bir ailenin çocuğu. Annesi Felisa Ortega, Bask ülkesi, Bilbao'lı. Babası, gazeteci-yazar Ramon Chao'ysa Galiçya, Vilalba'lı. Aile, İspanya'yı içsavaşa sürükleyen Francisco Franco'nun diktatörlüğünden kaçarak Paris'e göç etti – o dönemde Manu'nun dedesi idam cezasına çarptırılmıştı. Manu'nun doğumundan kısa bir süre sonra aile Paris'in dışındaki banliyö bölgesine taşındı. Manu çocukluğunun büyük bir kısmını Boulogne-Billancourt ve Sevr komünlerinde geçirdi. İlerleyen yaşlarında Manu'nun yakın çevresini, pek çoğu babasının ahbabı olan sanatçılar ve entelektüeller oluşturuyordu. Chao çocukluğundan ve çocukken yaşadığı tecrübelerden, şarkılarının hemen hepsinin ilham kaynağı olarak söz eder.

Müzik yaşamı

İlk yıllar ve Mano Negra

The Clash, The Jam ve Dr. Feelgood gibi isimler başta olmak üzere, yoğunlukla İngiliz rock sahnesinden etkilenen Chao 1980'lerin ortalarında, İspanyol/İngiliz rockabilly grubu Hot Pants'i kurdu. Grup 1984 senesinde "Mala Vida" isimli bir demo kaydetti. Yayınladıkları demo kendi camiaları içerisinde övgüyle karşılansa da gereken ilgiyi görmedi. Grup 1986'da ilk albümünü yayınladığında, Parizyen alternatif müzik sahnesi düşüşe geçmişti. Manu, kardeşi Antoine Chao ve arkadaşları, Hot Pants'in rockabilly ve punk soundunun içerisinde bu Parizyen soundu da barındıran Los Carayos grubunu kurdu. Los Carayos 6 yıl boyunca ikinci bir proje olarak ayakta kaldı ve kuruluşunun ilk iki yılında üç albüm, 94 senesinde ise son albümünü çıkardı.
1987'de Chao biraderler ve kuzenleri Santiago Casariego, çokırklı bir grup olan Mano Negra'yı kurdu. Yeni kayıtlarını daha küçük bir plakşirketiyle yayınlayan grup, Hot Pants ile çıkardıkları singılları "Mala Vida"yı yeniden kavırladı ve parça kısa sürede Fransa'da hit oldu. Akabinde grup Virgin Records plakşirketiyle çalışmaya başladı ve ertesi sene ilk albümleri Patchanka'yı piyasaya sürdü. Grup, Anglofon pazarında ünü yakalayamasa da Hollanda, İtalya, Almanya gibi ülkelerde ilk 5'e yerleşmeyi başardı ve poplüleritesi hızla diğer dünya ülkelerine yayılmaya başladı. Grup 1992 yılında çıktığı Cargo Tour turnesiyle beraber Kuzey Amerika'da da duyuldu. Turne gemisinin ambarına kurdukları sahnede, Amerika'nın liman şehirlerini gezerek çeşitli performanslar sergilediler. Mano Negra, "Ice Express" isimli kullanımdışı bir trenle Kolombiya'yı neredeyse bir ucundan diğer ucuna gezdiği bir turne daha düzenledi. Ancak liman turnesinde ve sonraki yıl yapılan tren turnesinde, grup elemanları arasında anlaşmazlıklar doğmaya başladı. 94 yılının sonlarına doğru Manu'nun biraderi Antoine'de dahil grup elemanlarının çoğu gruptan ayrıldı. Aynı yıl içerisinde son albümleri Casa Babylon yayınlandıktan sonra Manu Chao grubu Madrid'e taşıdı. Yine de eski grup elemanlarıyla yaşadığı yasal sorunlar sebebiyle Chao 1995 yılında grubu dağıtmak durumunda kaldı.
Mano Negra'nın soundu genellikle hareketli, canlı ve oynak ritimleri olan bir müzik olarak nitelendiriliyor. İlk albümleri Patchanka da, "parti" anlamına gelen paçanga kelimesinden türemiş ve Manu Negra'nın enerjik soundunu simgeler nitelikte; müziklerindeki rahatlık ve kayıtsızlık dinleyenlerin kendini müziğin içinde hissetmesini sağlıyor. Albümlerinde birden fazla müzik türünü bir arada yaşatan Manu Chao, Gogol Bordello ile de yakın arkadaş. 2006 senesinde Bordello, Mano Negra'nın "Mala Vida"sını Chao ile yeniden seslendirerek şarkıya albümünde yer verdi.

Solo Yılları ve Radio Bemba

Chao and Mano Negra'nın diğer grup elemanları Madrid'e geldikten sonra (Küba Devrimi'ni başlatan Fidel Castro ve Guevara'nın Sierra Maestra dağlarına kurduğu haberleşme sistemine ithafen) Radio Bemba Sound System adında yeni bir grup kurdular. Mexican Tijuana No!, Brazilian Skank, ve Argentinian Todos Tus Muertos gibi çeşitli grupların müziklerini yapan RBSS'nin ideali gösterilerinde farklı kültürlerin sokak müziğini ve bar ortamlarını yaşatmaktı. Bu düşünceyle Chao ve grubu birkaç yıl Güney ve Orta Amerika'yı dolaşarak gittikleri yerlerde yeni kayıtlar yaptı.
Ortaya çıkan yeni sound, Mano Negra'dan pek çok yönüyle farklıydı; şarkıların ve liriklerin büyük çoğunluğu Fransızca'dan İspanyolca'ya kaymış, punk ve alternatif sounddan oluşan müzik tarzı da, Manu'nun hedeflediği gibi sokak ruhunu yansıtan bir altyapıya kurulmuştu.
1998 yılında şarkıları Manu Chao'nun kendi adıyla, toplu olarak Clandestino albümünde yayınlandı. Yıldızı kısa sürede parlamasa da  albüm, "Bongo Bong" ve "Clandestino" gibi hit parçalarıyla Fransa'da sağlam bir dinleyici kitlesi yakaladı. Clandestino albümü 1999 Victoires de la Musique müzik ödüllerinde En İyi Dünya Müziği Albümü ödülünü aldı ve 5 milyon kopyanın üzerinde satışa ulaştı.
Chao 2001 yılında, Radio Bemba Sound System ile ikinci albümü Próxima Estación: Esperanza'yı çıkardı. "Gelecek İstasyon: Umut" anlamına gelen albüm adını Madrid metrosundaki durakların birinden alıyor. Albümün soundu Clandestino ile benzeşse de Próxima Estación: Esperanza'da Karayip etkileri ilk albümdekinden daha yoğun duyuluyor. Albüm hızla hit olmayı başardı ve 2002'de, albüm turnesinde kaydedilen canlı performanslarından oluşan Radio Bemba Sound System albümü piyasaya sürüldü.  Chao iki yıl sonra Fransız köklerine yeniden dokundu ve yalnızca Fransızca liriklerden oluşan Sibérie m'était contée'yi çıkardı.
Bir sonraki albüm ("mini radyo" ya da "cep radyosu" anlamına gelen) La Radiolina, 17 Eylül 2007'de piyasaya sürüldü. Albüm 2001'de çıkan Próxima Estación: Esperanza'dan sonraki ilk uluslararası albüm oldu. İlk single "Rainin in Paradize", albüm yayınlanmadan önce Manu Chao'nun web sitesinden indirilebiliyordu. La Radiolina'da yer alan şarkılar daha Nisan 2007'de, Coachella festivalinde canlı seslendirilmişti.

Tarzı
Reggae, ska, hip hop ve Rock tarzı müzik yapmaktadır ve şarkılarını Fransızca, İspanyolca, Arapça, Portekizce, İngilizce ve Volof dilinde söylerken bazen bir şarkıda bu dillerin hepsini birden kullanmaktadır.

Sosyal sorumluluk
Şarkıları aşk sözlerinin yanı sıra, sık sık göçmenler üzerine, ayrımcılığa karşı ve uluslararası dayanışmayı destekleyen eleştirel sözler barındırır. Sol ve küreselleşme karşıtı çevrelerce yoğun ilgi görmektedir.
Manu Chao, Fransa'nın Bayonne kentindeki konserinde "Sulukule Susmayacak" yazılı tişört giyerek kentsel yenileme projesiyle evleri yıkılan Romanlara da destek olmuştur. Ayrıca Konserlerinde Galatasaray forması giymesiyle biliniyor.

Müzik Çalışmaları

Joint de Culasse ile

 Super Boum Rock'n'Roll (1982)

Hot Pants ile
 Loco Mosquito (1986)

Los Carayos ile

 Ils ont osé - Konser Albümü (1987)
 Persistent et signent (1987)
 Au prix oú sont les courges

Mano Negra ile

 Patchanka (1988)
 Puta's fever (1989)
 Puta's fever - Görüntülü (1989)
 Live Tourée Generale - Görüntülü (1990)
 King of bongo (1991)
 America perdida (1991)
 Amerika perdida - Görüntülü (1991)
 In the hell of patchinko - Konser Albümü (1992)
 Cargo '92 - Görüntülü (1992)
 Bande original du livre - Fotoğraf diski + Kitapçık (1994)
 Casa Babylon (1994)
 Best of Mano Negra (1998)
 Mini Negra EP - 4 Başlık (2005)
 Lo Mejor De La Mano Negra - çift CD "Best of 2005" (Kasım 2005)
 Out of Time - çift DVD (Kasım 2005)

Solo

Stüdyo Albümleri:
 Clandestino (1998)
 Próxima estación esperanza (2001)
 Siberie m'était contée - Kitapçık + CD (2004)
 La Radiolina (2007)

Konser Albümleri:
 Radio Bemba Sound System (2002)

Single:
 Bongo Bong (2000)
 Clandestino (2000)
 Merry Blues (2001)
 Me gustas tú (2001)
 Mr. Bobby (2002)
 Rainin In Paradize (2007)

DVD:
 Babylonia en Guagua Live - Konser DVD (2002)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmi internet sayfası
 Moleschino-"Dünyanın bütün kaçakları, birleşin!"

Fransız erkek şarkıcılar
1961 doğumlular
Latin Grammy Ödülü sahipleri
Yaşayan insanlar

Manu Chao


Dobroslava este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Svidník din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 26 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Korejovce.

Istoric
Localitatea Dobroslava este atestată documentar din 1600.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Dobroslava


Michael Rennie (n. 25 august 1909, Bradford — d. 10 iunie 1971, Harrogate; numele real Eric Alexander Rennie) a fost un actor britanic.

Filmografie parțială

 Secret Agent (1936) (debut actoricesc, nemenționat)
 The Man Who Could Work Miracles (1936) (nemenționat)
 Conquest of the Air (1936) (nemenționat)
 The Squeaker (1937) (nemenționat)
 Gangway (1937) (nemenționat)
 The Divorce of Lady X (1938) (nemenționat)
 Bank Holiday (1938) (nemenționat)
 This Man in Paris (1940) (nemenționat)
 The Briggs Family (1940) (nemenționat)
 Dangerous Moonlight (1941)
 This Man Is Dangerous (1941)
 The Patient Vanishes (1941)
 "Pimpernel" Smith (1941) (nemenționat)
 Turned Out Nice Again (1941) (nemenționat)
 Ships with Wings (1941)
 Tower of Terror (1941)
 The Big Blockade (1942)
 I'll Be Your Sweetheart (1945)
 The Wicked Lady (1945)
 Caesar and Cleopatra (1945)
 The Root of All Evil (1947)
 White Cradle Inn (1947)
 Idol of Paris (1948)
 Uneasy Terms (1948)
 The Golden Madonna (1949)
 Miss Pilgrim's Progress (1950)
 Trio (1950)
 The Black Rose (1950)
 The 13th Letter (1951)
 The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) – ca Klaatu
 The Desert Fox: The Story of Rommel (1951) (ca narator nemenționat)
 The House in the Square, cunoscut și ca  I'll Never Forget You (1951)
 Phone Call from a Stranger (1952)
 Five Fingers (1952)
 Les Misérables (1952) – ca Jean Valjean
 Titanic (1953) (ca narator nemenționat)
 The Desert Rats (1953) (ca narator nemenționat)
 Sailor of the King (1953)
 Dangerous Crossing (1953)
 The Robe (1953) – ca Apostolul Petru
 King of the Khyber Rifles (1953)
 Princess of the Nile (1954)
 Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954)
 Mambo (1954)
 Désirée (1954)
 Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1955)
 Soldier of Fortune (1955)
 Seven Cities of Gold (1955)
 The Rains of Ranchipur (1955)
 Teenage Rebel (1956)
 Island in the Sun (1957)
 Omar Khayyam (1957)
 Battle of the V-1  (1958)
 Third Man on the Mountain (1959)
 The Lost World (1960) – ca John Roxton
 Mary, Mary (1963)
 Cyborg 2087 (1966)
 Hotel (1967)
 Death on the Run (1967)
 The Young, the Evil, and the Savage (1968)
 The Power (1968) – ca Arthur Nordlund/Adam Hart
 The Devil's Brigade (1968) – ca  General Mark Clark
 Subterfuge (1968)
 The Last Chance (1968)
 Surabaya Conspiracy (1969)
 The Battle of Elalamein (1969)
 Los Monstruos del Terror, cunoscut și ca Dracula vs. Frankenstein (1969/1970)

Televiziune
 Bonanza (1965) "Once A Doctor" ca P.A. Mandy, M.D.
 Lost in Space (1965) – ca The Keeper - două episoade
 Batman (1966) – ca The Sandman - două episoade
 The Time Tunnel (1966), episodul #1 "Rendezvous With Yesterday" – căpitanul Titanicului
 The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1967), episodul "The THRUSH Roulette Affair" ca Barnaby Partridge
 The Invaders (1967), episodul "The Innocent" ca Magnus
 The Invaders (1968), episodul "Summit Meeting" - episod în două părți.

Note

Legături externe

 The Complete Michael Rennie  - Fan site

Nașteri în 1909
Decese în 1971
Nașteri pe 25 august
Decese pe 10 iunie
Actori englezi

Michael Rennie


Yazar, eğitimci ve aynı zamanda Amerikan ABC televizyonunda bilim editörü olarak görev yapan Michael Guillen, Dünyayı Değiştiren Beş Denklem ya da özgün adıyla Five Equations that Changed the World kitabında, günlük hayatımızı kalıcı bir biçimde değiştiren beş denklemin hem matematiğini hem de öyküsünü anlatır. Guillen bir yandan beş büyük bilim adamının portresini çizerken bir yandan da okuyucuya 17. yüzyıldan günümüze değin bilimin ve bilim-insan ilişkisinin kesintisiz bir tarihsel kaydını sunar. Isaac Newton, Michael Faraday, Daniel Bernolli, Rudolf Clausius, Albert Einstein gibi bilim adamlarının yaşam öyküsünü ve buluşlarını anlatan bir kaynaktır.

2001 kitapları
İngilizce kitaplar
Amerikan kitapları
Biyografik kitaplar
Popüler bilim kitapları
Matematik kitapları
Matematiksel fizik

Dünyayı Değiştiren Beş Denklem


Youssou N'Dour (d. 1 Ekim 1959, Dakar) Senegalli müzisyendir. 1994 yılında Neneh Cherry ile 7 Seconds adlı bir düeti bulunmaktadır. Bu şarkı Avrupa'da yüksek başarılar elde etmiştir.

1959 doğumlular
Senegalli müzisyenler
Yaşayan insanlar
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan kişiler
En İyi Şarkı MTV Avrupa Müzik Ödülü sahipleri
MTV Avrupa Müzik Ödülü sahipleri

Youssou N'Dour


An Aechmea sucreana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Gustavo Martinelli ngan C.M.Vieira. An Aechmea sucreana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aechmea, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Aechmea

Aechmea sucreana


Os lentigos ou lentigione adquirido por PUVA (fototerapia com psolareno e raios UVA) são uma condição cutânea causada pela terapia PUVA.

Referências

Neoplasias
Doenças da pele

Lentiginose por PUVA


Oxepina (sau oxidul de benzen) este un compus heterociclic heptaciclic, polinesaturat, cu oxigen, cu formula chimică C6H6O.

Obținere

Proprietăți
Oxepina există sub formă de echilibru chimic în amestec cu oxidul de benzen, echilibrul fiind afectat de substituenții prezenți pe nucleu. Un derivat dimetilic există sub forma izomerului oxepinic, fiind un lichid portocaliu.

Oxepina este un intermediar în procesul de oxidare al benzenului, proces catalizat în organism de complexul enzimatic citocrom P450.

Note

Vezi și
 Azepină
 Oxepan
 Piran
 Tiepină

Compuși heterociclici cu oxigen

Oxepină


කියූෂූ (九州; Kyūshū; වචනාර්ථය: "පළාත් නවය") () යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ ජපානයේ තෙවන විශාලතම දූපත වන අතර, එය ප්‍රධාන දූපත් සතරෙන් වඩාත් නිරිතදිගට වන්නට පිහිටි දූපත ද වේ. මෙහි පුරාතන විකල්ප නාමයන් අතර ක්‍යූකොකු ("ප්‍රාන්ත නවය"; 九国), චි‍න්සෙයි ("සංසිඳවූ ප්‍රදේශයේ බටහිර"; 鎮西) සහ ට්සුකුෂි-නෝ-ෂිමා ("ට්සුකුෂිහි දූපත"; 筑紫島) වැනි නම් ප්‍රකට ය. ඓතිහාසික කලාප නාමය වන සයිකයිඩෝ (西海道; සාහිත්‍ය. බටහිර මුහුදු පළාත) යන්න ක්‍යූෂූ සහ ඒ අවට දූපත්වලට භාවිතා විය.

8 වන සියවසේ දී, ටයිහෝ ව්‍යවස්ථා ප්‍රතිසංස්කරණ මගින් ප්‍රදේශය සඳහා විශේෂ පරිපාලන වදනක් ලෙස දසායිෆු යන්න ස්ථාපිත කෙරිණි.

, ක්‍යූෂූහි ජනගහනය 12,970,479 වූ අතර, එමගින් වර්ග කිලෝමීටර 36,782ක (ව.සැ. 14,202) ප්‍රදේශයක් ආවරණය විය.

භූගෝලීය ලක්ෂණ

මෙම දූපත කඳු සහිත ප්‍රදේශයක් වන අතර ජපානයේ වඩාත්ම ක්‍රියාකාරී ගිනි කන්ද වන මීටර 1,591 (අඩි 5,220) උසැති අසෝ කන්ද පිහිටියේ ද කියූෂූහි ය. මෙහි භූ තැටිකාරක ක්‍රියාවන් සිදුවන බවට තවත් උදාහරණයක් ලෙස මෙහි ව්‍යාප්තව ඇති උණුදිය උල්පත් ගණනාව දැක්විය හැක. මින් වඩාත් ප්‍රකට උල්පත් නැගෙනහිර වෙරළේ පිහිටි බෙප්පු සහ මධ්‍යම කියූෂූහි අසෝ කන්ද අවට පිහිටා ඇත. මෙම දූපත හොන්ෂු දූපතෙන් වෙන් වන්නේ කන්මොන් සමුද්‍රසන්ධිය ඔස්සේ ය.

කියූෂූ යන නාමය පැන නැගී ඇත්තේ දූපතේ පිහිටා තිබූ සයිකයිඩෝ පුරාතන පළාත් නවය හේතුවෙනි. එම පළාත් නවය පහත පරිදි වේ: චිකුසෙන්, චිකුගෝ, හිසෙන්, හිගෝ, බුසෙන්, බුංගෝ, හ්‍යූගා, ඔසුමි, සහ සත්සුමා.

වර්තමානයේ ක්‍යූෂූ කලාපය (九州地方; කියූෂූ-චිහෝ) යනු දේශපාලන වශයෙන් නිර්ණිත කලාපයක් වන අතර, එයට කියූෂූ දූපත තුළ පිහිටි ප්‍රාන්ත සතක් (මෙයට පැරණි ට්සුෂිමා සහ ඉකි නාගසාකිහි කොටසක් ලෙස ඇතුළත් කොට ඇත) සමග දකුණින් පිහිටි ඔකිනාවා ප්‍රාන්තය ද ඇතුළත් ය:

 උතුරු කියූෂූ
 ෆුකුඕකා ප්‍රාන්තය
 කුමමොතෝ ප්‍රාන්තය
 නාගසාකි ප්‍රාන්තය
 ඕයිටා ප්‍රාන්තය
 සගා ප්‍රාන්තය
 දකුණු කියූෂූ
 කගෝෂිමා ප්‍රාන්තය
 මියසාකි ප්‍රාන්තය
 ඔකිනාවා ප්‍රාන්තය

ජනවිකාසනය

ක්‍යූෂූහි ජනගහනයෙන් වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් වයඹ දෙසට ෆුකුඕකා සහ කිටකියූෂූ නගර වටා සාන්ද්‍රණය වී ඇත. ජනගහන මාර්ග නිරිතදිග ඔස්සේ සසේබෝ සහ නාගසාකි වෙතත්, දකුණු දිගින් කුමමොතෝ සහ කගෝෂිමා වෙතත් විහිදී පවතී. ඕයිටා සහ මියසාකි නගර හැරුණු විට, නැගෙනහිර වෙරළබඩ ප්‍රදේශයේ ජනගහනය ක්‍රමයෙන් හායනය වන ස්වරූපයක් පෙන්වයි.

 නම් කළ නගර

 ෆුකුඕකා (ජනගහනය: 1,460,000)
 කිටකියූෂූ (ජනගහනය: 977,000)
 කුමමොතෝ (ජනගහනය: 730,000)

 හර නගර (Core cities)

 කගෝෂිමා
 ඕයිටා
 නාගසාකි
 මියසාකි
 නාහා
 කුරුමේ

ආර්ථිකය සහ පරිසරය

කියූෂූහි මියසාකි සහ කගෝෂිමා ප්‍රාන්ත ඇතුළු ඇතැම් ප්‍රදේශවල උපනිවර්තන දේශගුණයක් දක්නට ලැබේ. මෙහි ප්‍රධාන කෘෂිකාර්මික නිෂ්පාදන ලෙස සහල්, තේ, දුම්කොළ, බතල සහ සෝයා සැලකේ. සේද ද පුළුල්ව නිෂ්පාදනය කෙරේ. මෙම දූපත අරිටා, ඉමාරි, සත්සුමා, සහ කරාත්සු ඇතුළු නොයෙකුත් පෝසිලේන් ප්‍රභේද වෙනුවෙන් ප්‍රසිද්ධියක් උසුලයි. ෆුකුඕකා, කිටකියූෂූ, නාගසාකි සහ ඕයිටා වැනි උතුරුදිග ප්‍රදේශවල බැර කර්මාන්ත ද කේන්ද්‍රගත වී පවතී. මෙහි දී රසායන ද්‍රව්‍ය, මෝටර් රථ, අර්ධ සන්නායක සහ ලෝහ පිරිසැකසුම්කරණය සිදු වේ.

2010දී, මෙම කලාපයේ උපාධිධාරී රැකියා නියුක්ති ප්‍රතිශතය රටේ පහළම අගය, එනම් 88.9%ක ප්‍රතිශතයක් විය.

දකුණෙහි ගිනිකඳු කලාපය හැරුණු විට, දූපතේ උතුරු කො‍ටසෙහි බෙප්පු අවට ප්‍රකට මඩ උණුදිය උල්පත් පිහිටා ඇත. මෙම උල්පත් අතිශයින් උණුසුම් පරිසරවල පවා නොනැසී සිටියේ හැකියාව සහිත ආන්තික තාපකාමී ක්ෂුද්‍රජීවීන් ව්‍යාප්තව සිටින ප්‍රදේශයක් ලෙස සැලකේ.

අධ්‍යාපනය
කියූෂූහි පිහිටි ප්‍රධාන විශ්වවිද්‍යාල සහ කොලීජී පහත දැක්වේ:
 ජාතික විශ්වවිද්‍යාල
 කියූෂූ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය - පැරණි සප්ත "අධිරාජකීය විශ්වවිද්‍යාල" අතුරින් එකකි.
 කියූෂූ තාක්ෂණ ආයතනය
 සගා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 නාගසාකි විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 කුමමොතෝ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 ෆුකුඕකා අධ්‍යාපන විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 ඕයිටා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 මියසාකි විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 කගෝෂිමා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 කනෝයාහි ජාතික යෝග්‍යතා සහ ක්‍රීඩා ආයතනය
 ර්යුක්‍යුවරුන්ගේ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 ප්‍රාදේශීය රජය විසින් පවත්වාගෙන යන විශ්වවිද්‍යාල
 කිටකියූෂූ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 කියූෂූ දන්ත වෛද්‍ය විද්‍යාලය
 ෆුකුඕකා කාන්තා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 ෆුකුඕකා ප්‍රාන්ත විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 නාගසාකි ප්‍රාන්ත විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 ඕයිටා හෙද සහ සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 කුමමොතෝ ප්‍රාන්ත විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 මියසාකි ප්‍රාන්ත විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 මියසාකි ප්‍රාන්ත හෙද විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 ඔකිනාවා ප්‍රාන්ත කලා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 ප්‍රධාන පෞද්ගලික විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 ෆුකුඕකා විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය - කියූෂූහි වැඩිම සිසුන් පිරිසක් අධ්‍යාපනය ලබන විශ්වවිද්‍යාලයයි.
 කුමමොතෝ ගකුඑන් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 රිත්සුමෙයිකන් ආසියා පැසිෆික් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 සෙයිනන් ගකුඉන් විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 කියූෂූ සන්ග්යෝ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය - මෙහි බේස්බෝල් කණ්ඩායම 2005 ජපන් ජාතික ශූරතාවය හිමි කරගත්තේ ය.
 වෘත්තීය සහ පාරිසරික සෞඛ්‍යය පිළිබඳ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය
 කුරුමේ විශ්වවිද්‍යාලය

ප්‍රවාහනය
මෙම දූපත විශාල දූපතක් වන හොන්ෂු සමග සම්බන්ධ වී ඇත්තේ කන්මොන් උමං මාර්ග ඔස්සේ ය. මෙයට කියූෂූ දුම්රිය සමාගමේ සන්යෝ ෂින්කන්සෙන් සහ ෂින්කන්සෙන්-නොවන දුම්රිය මෙන්ම වාහන, පදික සහ බයිසිකල් ප්‍රවාහන මාර්ග ද ඇතුළත් ය. කන්මොන් පාලම මගින් ද මෙම දූපත හොන්ෂු සමග සම්බන්ධ කෙරේ. දූපතේ පිහිටි දුම්රිය මාර්ග ක්‍රියාත්මක කරන්නේ කියූෂූ දුම්රිය සමාගම සහ නිෂිටෙට්සු දුම්රිය මාර්ගය මගිනි.

මේවාත් බලන්න

 අසුමි ජනයා, උතුරු කියූෂිහි වෙසෙන පුරාතන ජන කොට්ඨාසයකි.
 ජපානයේ භූගෝල විද්‍යාව
 කියූෂූ සමූහය
 බටහිර හමුදාව (ජපානය)
 කන්මොන්ක්යෝ පාලම, කියූෂූ සහ හොන්ෂූ සම්බන්ධ කරයි.
 කියූෂූ ජාතික කෞතුකාගරය
 කෘතිම වෙරළ
 ජපානයේ කලාප ලැයිස්තුව
 කියූෂූ උපභාෂාව
 හිචිකු උපභාෂාව, හෝනිචි උපභාෂාව සහ කගෝෂිමා උපභාෂාව

සටහන්

ආශ්‍රේයයන්
 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005).  Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128

භාහිර සබැඳි

ජපානයේ දූපත්
ජපන් දූපත් සමූහය

කියුෂූ


BOTAŞ Spor Kulübü, Türkiye'deki petrol ve doğal gaz şirketlerinden olan BOTAŞ tarafından desteklenen Adana'da kurulmuş spor kulübüdür. 1984 yılında tamamen amatör amaçla kurum çalışanlarının çocuklarını site yaşantısı içerisinde bir takım aktivitelerin oluşması ve spora yönlendirmek amacıyla kurulmuştur.

Kulübün Kadın Basketbol takımı Adana Bölgesel lige katılarak başarılı bir performans çizmiş, 1990 yılında Kütahya'da yapılan terfi maçlarında 1. lige yükselmiş ve hale KBL'de mücadele etmaktedir.

Genç ve yıldızlar kategorilerinde birçok başarısı olan bayan basketbol takımı en sonunda 2000-2001 sezonu şampiyon olarak kapamıştır. Bir sezon aradan sonra 2002-2003 sezonunda kulüp tarihindeki 2. Şampiyonluğa ulaşmıştır. Kulüp 3 kez Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kupası oynamış ve 2002-2003 sezonunda kupayı müzesine götürmeyi başarmıştır. Avrupa kupalarında da başarılı sonuçlar elde eden takım,  1999/2000 sezonunda Ronchetti Kupası'nda çeyrek finale yükselerek bu başarıya ulaşan ilk Türk takımı olma başarısını göstermiştir. Bir sezon sonra  aynı kupada finale yükselen Botaşspor yine bir ilk yaparak ilk Türk takımı olarak kupada finale yükselmiştir.

Mayıs 2017'de yapılan Olağan Genel Kurul Kararı ile kulübün merkezi Adana'dan Ankara'ya taşınmıştır.

Botaş Gelişim
Botaş Spor Kulübü'nün Türkiye Kadınlar Basketbol Ligi'de oynayan kadın basketbol takımıdır. Botaş Spor Kulübü rezerv takım olarak 2012 yılında bu takımı açmış ve A takıma oyuncu yetiştirmesi için destek çıkmaktadır.

Güncel Kadro

Başarılar
 Kadınlar Basketbol Süper Ligi Şampiyonluğu (2): 2000-01, 2002-03
 Türkiye Kupası (2): 2001-02, 2002-03
 Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kupası (2): 2001-02, 2002-03
 Ronchetti Cup : Final / 2000-01

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 TBL.org.tr'de BOTAŞ SK

Türkiye'deki basketbol takımları
Adana'daki spor kulüpleri
Türkiye'deki kadın basketbol takımları

BOTAŞ SK


الطريق الوطنية رقم 3 أو ط و3 طريق رئيسية تونسية تصل بين مدينة الفحص ووالحدود التونسية الجزائرية قرب مدينة حزوة، وهي تمرّ بالمدن التالية على التوالي:
 الفحص،
 سيدي ناجي،
 السبيخة،
 الشبيكة،
 فندق الهوارب،
 حاجب العيون،
 جلمة،
 بئر الحفي،
 سيدي علي بن عون،
 بوعالم،
 قفصة،
 المتلوي،
 توزر،
 نفطة،
 حزوة.

الطرقات الوطنية - تونس

الطريق الوطنية رقم 3 (تونس)


Royal Standard de Liège, genellikle Standard Liège adıyla bilinen bir Belçikalı futbol kulübüdür. Liège'de kurulmuştur. Standard Liège, Belçika'nın en başarılı kulüplerinden biridir. 10 Belçika ligi şampiyonlukları vardır. Bunların en yenileri 2007-08 ve 2008-09 sezonlarındaki lig zaferleridir. Kulübün 6 Beker van België da bulunmaktadır. 1982 UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası'nda final oynadılar fakat Barcelona ekibine kaybettiler.

Standard Liége oyuncuları kırmızı formalarından dolayı "Rouches" olarak anılırlar. Fransızca dilinde "rouge" kırmızı anlamına gelir. Bu kelime Valon aksanı ile "rouche" olarak okunur.

İsim evrimi
 1898: Standard Football Club (Standard FC),
 1899: Standard FC Liégeois (Standard FCL),
 1910: Standard Club Liégeois (Standard CL),
 1823: Royal Standard Club Liège (R. Standard CL),
 1952: Royal Standard Club Liégeois (R. Standard CL),
 1972: Royal Standard de Liège.

Güncel kadro

Başarıları

Yerel

Pro League
 Şampiyon (10): 1957-58, 1960-61, 1962-63, 1968-69, 1969-70, 1970-71, 1981-82, 1982-83, 2007-08, 2008-09
 İkinci (12): 1925-26, 1927-28, 1935-36, 1961-62, 1964-65, 1972-73, 1979-80, 1992-93, 1994-95, 2005-06, 2010-11, 2013-14

Beker van België
 Şampiyon (8): 1954, 1966, 1967, 1981, 1993, 2011, 2016, 2018
 İkinci (9): 1965, 1972, 1973, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1999, 2000, 2007

Belçika Lig Kupası
 Şampiyon (1): 1975

Belgische Supercup
 Şampiyon (4) 1981, 1983, 2008, 2009
 İkinci (4) 1993, 1982, 2011, 2016

Uluslararası

UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası
 İkinci (1) 1982UEFA Intertoto Kupası
 İkinci (1) 1996

Avrupa kayıtları

3 Ağustos 2011 itibarıyla.

GS = geçirilen sezon, M = maç, G = galibiyet, B = beraberlik, Y = yenilgi, AG = atılan gol, YG = yenilen gol.

En iyi sonuçların özeti

Avrupa Şampiyon Kulüpler Kupası/UEFA Şampiyonlar Ligi:
-  1962 yılında yarı final
-  1959, 1970 ve 1972 yıllarında çeyrek final
UEFA Kupa Galipleri Kupası (1):
- 1982 yılında final
- 1967 yılında yarı final
- 1968 yılında çeyrek final
UEFA Kupası/UEFA Avrupa Ligi:
- 1981 ve 2010 yıllarında çeyrek final
UEFA Intertoto Kupası (1):
- 1996 yılında final
- 2000 yılında yarı final

Oyuncu istatistikleri

En çok oynayanlar

En çok gol atanlar

Teknik direktörler

 07/1912 - 06/1916  Charles Bunyan, Sr.
 07/1916 - 06/1922  Camille van Hoorden
 07/1922 - 06/1924  Lamport /  Pierre Kögel
 07/1924 - 06/1930  Percy Wilding Hartley
 07/1930 - 06/1932  Maurice Grisard
 07/1932 - 06/1935  Percy Wilding Hartley
 07/1935 - 06/1936  Jean Dupont
 07/1936 - 03/1937  Percy Wilding Hartley
 04/1937 - 11/1938  Emile Riff
 12/1938 - 06/1939  Jean Dupont
 07/1939 - 06/1940  Maurice Grisard
 07/1940 - 06/1942  René Dohet
 07/1942 - 06/1945  Fernarnd Wertz
 07/1945 - 06/1950  Marcelin Waroux
 07/1950 - 06/1951  Antoine Basleer
 07/1951 - 06/1953  Maurice Grisard
 07/1953 - 06/1958  André Riou (1958'de şampiyon)
 07/1958 - 06/1961  Géza Kalocsay (1961'de şampiyon)
 07/1961 - 06/1963  Jean Prouff
 07/1963 - 11/1964   Auguste Jordan (1963'te şampiyon)
 12/1964 - 06/1968  Milorad Pavić
 07/1968 - 06/1973  René Hauss (1969, 1970, 1971'de şampiyon)
 07/1973 - 10/1973  Vlatko Marković
 11/1973 - 06/1974  Ned Bulatović
 07/1974 - 12/1975  Cor van der Hart
 01/1976 - 06/1976  Maurice Lempereur /  Lucien Leduc
 07/1976 - 06/1979  Robert Waseige
 07/1979 - 06/1981  Ernst Happel
 07/1981 - 02/1984  Raymond Goethals (1982, 1983'te şampiyon)
 03/1984 - 06/1984  Léon Semmeling
 07/1984 - 04/1985  Louis Pilot
 05/1985 - 02/1987  Milorad Pavić
 02/1986 - 06/1987  Helmut Graf
 07/1987 - 09/1987  René Desaeyere

 10/1987 - 03/1988  Milorad Pavić
 04/1988 - 06/1988  Jozef Vliers
 07/1988 - 06/1989  Urbain Braems
 07/1989 - 06/1991  Georg Kessler
 07/1991 - 12/1993  Arie Haan
 01/1994 - 06/1994  René Vandereycken
 07/1994 - 06/1996  Robert Waseige
 07/1996 - 06/1997  Jos Daerden
 07/1997 - 10/1997  Aad de Mos
 11/1997 - 03/1998  Daniel Boccar
 04/1998 - 06/1998  Luka Peruzović
 07/1998 - 09/1999  Tomislav Ivić
 10/1999 - 12/1999  Željko Mijač
 01/2000 - 05/2000  Jean Thissen /  Henri Depireux
 05/2000 - 12/2000  Tomislav Ivić
 12/2000 - 01/2001  Dominique D'Onofrio /  Christian Labarbe
 01/2001 - 06/2002  Michel Preud'homme
 06/2002 - 10/2002  Robert Waseige
 10/2002 - 06/2006  Dominique D'Onofrio
 07/2006 - 09/2006  Johan Boskamp
 09/2006 - 06/2008  Michel Preud'homme (2008'de şampiyon)
 06/2008 - 02/2010  László Bölöni (2009'da şampiyon)
 02/2010 - 06/2011  Dominique D'Onofrio
 07/2011 - 05/2012  José Riga
 05/2012 - 10/2012  Ron Jans
 10/2012 - 05/2013  Mircea Rednic
 05/2013 - 10/2014  Guy Luzon
 11/2014 - 02/2015  Ivan Vukomanović
 02/2015 - 06/2015  José Riga
 06/2015 - 09/2015  Slavoljub Muslin
 09/2015 - 09/2016  Yannick Ferrera
 09/2016 - 04/2017  Aleksandar Janković
 04/2017 - 05/2017  José Jeunechamps
 06/2017 -   Ricardo Sá Pinto

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
     Resmi sitesi
  UEFA sayfası

R. Standard de Liège


Instinctus Bestialis deseti je studijski album norveškog black metal-sastava Gorgoroth. Album je 8. lipnja 2015. godine objavila diskografska kuća Soulseller Records.

O albumu
Ovo je prvi album grupe na kojem se pojavljuje pjevač Atterigner te posljednji na kojem je svirao basist Bøddel, koji je umro od raka četiri mjeseca nakon objave albuma.

Popis pjesama

Zasluge

Gorgoroth
Infernus – gitara, produkcija, mastering, koncept naslovnice
Bøddel – bas-gitara
Tomas Asklund – bubnjevi, produkcija, snimanje, inženjer zvuka, miksanje, mastering
Atterigner – vokali
Dodatni glazbenici
Chris Cannella – solo gitara (na skladbi "Burn in His Light")
Fábio Zperandio – solo gitara (na skladbi "Burn in His Light")
Henrik Ekeroth – solo gitara (na skladbi "Rage")

Ostalo osoblje
A. Behemot – tekstovi (pjesama 1 i 5)
V. Horg – tekstovi (pjesama 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 i 8)
Jan Glans – naslovnica
Mats Lindfors – mastering

Izvori

Albumi sastava Gorgoroth
Albumi iz 2015.

Instinctus Bestialis


Alexandru Badea  (n. 8 martie 1938 - d. 17 iulie 1986) a fost un fotbalist român, care în perioada sa de glorie a activat la clubul Petrolul Ploiești. Badea s-a născut în comuna Bilciurești,  județul Prahova. A devenit maestru al sportului. După încheierea activității sportive ca jucător a activat și ca antrenor.

A început  să practice  fotbalul în 1952 la echipa de juniori a clubului Flacăra Moreni, iar în 1954 a schimbat la o altă echipă din localitate, G.R.T. Moreni, de unde a revenit în 1957 la Flacăra Moreni.

În 1958 Alexandru Badea se transferă la Petrolul Ploiești unde, mai întâi joacă extremă dreaptă, iar apoi inter și vârf, formând cu Mircea Dridea un cuplu de atacanți de succes în istoria clubului ploieștean. Cu Petrolul, Badea realizează două mari performanțe: câștigarea Cupei României (1962–1963) și a Campionatului Național (1965–1966).

A jucat de patru ori în echipa națională a României.

Legături externe
http://www.romaniansoccer.ro/players/114/alexandru-badea.htm

Nașteri în 1938
Decese în 1986
Fotbaliști români
Fotbaliști internaționali români
Fotbaliști ai Petrolului Ploiești

Alexandru Badea


Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France (abreviado Bull. Soc. Bot. France) fue una revista ilustrada con descripciones botánicas que fue editada en Francia por la Société Botanique de France. Se publicaron 125 números en los años 1854-1978.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
en IPNI

Revistas de botánica
Revistas científicas en francés
Revistas científicas de Francia
Revistas desaparecidas de Francia
Publicaciones fundadas en 1854
Publicaciones desaparecidas en 1978


ආසනික් පරමානු ක්‍රමාංකය 33 වූ  මූලද්‍රවයකි.එය ලෝහ සහ අලෝහ ගුණ දෙකම පෙන්වයි.ආසනික් බහුරුප අකාර තුනකින් පිහිටා ඇත.  (කහ ආසනික් , කළු ආසනික් ,අළු ආසනික්).

ඉතිහාසය
පුරාණ ඇසිරියානු ජාතිකයන් විසින් කහ ආසනික් සල්ෆයිඩ් වර්ණකයක් ලෙස්  භාවිතා කරන ලදි.  සින්ධු ආක්   (කහ සායම ) යන්නෙන් එයට   සැන්ඩරක් (sandarach) යන නම ලැබුනේ ඒ හේතුවෙනි.  ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩ්‍රියානු ආදි  රසායනඥයන් විසින් රියල්ගා (As2S2) සහ සැන්ඩරක්  දෙවර්ගයම භාවිතා කරන ලදි. ඒවායින් ආසනික් මූලද්‍රවය නිස්සාරණය කරගැනිමට ආරාබින් සමත්වූහ.

ආශ්‍රිත

මූලද්‍රව්‍යය

ආසනික්


Bebek, bir insanın en küçük hali olan doğum anından itibaren yürüme dönemine kadar olan zaman diliminde aldığı isimdir.

Yeni doğmuş olan bir bebek her açıdan anne ve babasına muhtaçtır. Sağlıklı bir bebeğin ağırlığı ortalama 3.2 kg boyu ise 35–50 cm arası olabilir. Erkek bebeklerin ağırlığı kız bebeklere oranla biraz daha fazla olabilir.

İlk aylarda bebeğin gelişimini yakından takip etmek ve bu süreç içerisinde bebekle yakından ilgilenmek çok önemlidir. İlk aylarda bebek, el ve ayaklarını refleks olarak oynatabilir. Yüzüstü yatarken başını çok kısa bir süre için bile olsa yukarı kaldırabilir. Havada ayaküstü tutulunca yürüme hareketleri yapmaya çalışır. Parlak ve hareket eden nesneleri özellikle de etrafında hareket eden insanları izler. Kendisiyle konuşulmasından çok hoşlanır. İşitme duyusu zamanla daha da güçlenir ve seslere karşı tepki vermeye başlar. Yakınlarının özellikle annesinin göz ve ten temasından hoşlanır.

Bebek ve beslenme
Doğumdan itibaren ilk 6 ay için bebeğin anne sütüyle beslenmesi gerekli ve yeterlidir. Çünkü anne sütü bebeklerin gelişebilmeleri için gerekli olan tüm besinleri içerir, bulaşıcı hastalıklara karşı ona bağışıklık kazandırır. Emzirme, aynı zamanda, anne ile çocuk arasında, çocuğun ruhsal açıdan sağlıklı gelişmesini etkileyen yakın bir ilişkinin doğmasına yardımcı olur.

Bebek ve uyku

Yeni doğan bebekler ilk haftalarda günde 17-18 saat uyur. 3. ayda ise uykusu günde 15 saate düşer. Ancak bu uyku hiçbir zaman gece olsun gündüz olsun aralıksız olarak 2-3 saati geçmez. 3- 6 ay arasında gündüz uykuları ortalama 4- 5 saattir. 9. ayla birlikte gündüz uykusu bir saat kısalır. Bebeklerin bu dönemde gündüz ortalama 3 saat öğle uykusu olur. Gece uykusu ise ortalama 11 saate uzamıştır. Yaklaşık 18. aya kadar bu düzen bu şekilde devam eder. 18. aydan sonra bebeğin günlük uyku sürelerinde azalma görülmeye başlar.

Aşılar
Bebeğin hastalıklara karşı korunması, sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişip büyümesi için gerekli olan aşılarının zamanında yapılması hayati önem taşır.

Aşı takvimi
 Doğumdan hemen sonra Hepatit B
 1 ay sonra Hepatit B
 2 ay sonra BCG (Bacille-Calmette-Guerin): Verem
 2 ay sonra DTP + TOPV
 3 ay sonra DTP + TOPV
 4 ay sonra DTP + TOPV
 6 ay sonra Hepatit B
 9 ay sonra Kızamık
 16 ay sonra DTP + TOPV
 4-6 yaş sonra DTP + TOPV

Ayrıca bakınız
 Cinsel ilişki
 Çocukluk
 Ergenlik
 Yaşlılık

Kaynakça

Bebek