El asesinato de Héctor Corradini fue perpetrado en la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina), más precisamente en el barrio Los Naranjos, el 17 de noviembre de 1998. De gran repercusión mediática, es considerado el ícono del crimen mafioso en esta ciudad.

Víctima

Héctor Hugo Corradini era un panadero de un reconocido local del cual era dueño en la Avenida Fuerza Aérea Argentina de esa ciudad. Al momento de su muerte tenía 35 años, y estaba casado con quien hoy es una de las principales imputadas por el caso. Tenía tres hijos.

Hechos

El lunes 16 de noviembre de 1998, en las últimas horas del día, dos sujetos arribaron a la casa del panadero ubicada en calle León Pinelo al 1886. Según las versiones, Corradini conocía a estas personas que entraron a su hogar. Cuando este les ofreció café, los visitantes reaccionaron violentamente diciéndole que era un asalto, apuntándole con un arma y esposándolo, mientras que sus hijos de 12, 10 y 6 años fueron maniatados en el dormitorio.

A los pocos minutos, Mercedes Segalá, su esposa, llegó a la casa extrañada porque se había dado cuenta de que el portón del frente de casa estaba sin llave, y al ingresar fue sorprendida por los "asaltantes". Al panadero lo subieron en su auto Volkswagen Gol y lo llevaron secuestrado.

Al la mañana siguiente, a once cuadras de casa, Héctor Corradini apareció sin vida dentro de su mismo auto: estaba esposado con sus manos hacia atrás. Fue ultimado de tres balazos con un arma de fuego calibre 32, de los cuales dos ingresaron por su pómulo izquierdo y otro que ingresó por la sien. La autopsia reveló que su muerte ocurrió entre la 1:00 y la 1:30 de la madrugada, es decir, unas dos horas después de su secuestro.

Repercusión
Junto con el caso del asesinato del concejal Regino Maders en 1992, el caso Corradini es el icono del crimen mafioso en la ciudad de Córdoba y tuvo gran repercusión, aun así cuando del caso estaba a punto de cerrarse, que repentinamente cae presa su esposa, principal imputada. La primera investigación policial indicó que la causa de su asesinato fue a causa de las deudas que mantenía Corradini, las que no solo eran comerciales, sino "surgidas del juego". También se llegó a hablar que Corradini formaba parte de una mafia.

Mercedes Segalá fue duramente atacada por sus propios hijos durante el juicio. Reclamaron 1,2 millones de pesos en una demanda civil porque la viuda les había ocultado sobre el cobro del seguro de vida luego del asesinato, y que no depositó la proporción que por ley le correspondía en calidad de hijas y beneficiarias de las primas, además que no permitió que actuara un asesor de menores. Con ese dinero, la viuda abrió su propia panadería en el mismo barrio donde vivían.

La viuda de Corradini fue detenida en 2006, cuando descubrieron que Segalá había apurado a que el panadero se retirara del domicilio de una mujer que cuidaba a los hijos y fuera al su hogar, en señal de que había estado interesada para que Corradini estuviera en casa al momento que se produzca el secuestro.

Durante el juicio salieron a la luz diferentes llamados que se realizaron horas antes del crimen. Algunos de ellos se realizaron desde un telecentro a Mercedes Segalá, a diferentes horarios. El último llamado que llegó al Precinto Policial 36 ocurrió a las 21.19, cuando Corradini aún no había sido secuestrado. Mario Onaynti recibió uno de los llamados en el que le indicaban que Héctor Corradini había sido secuestrado.

Durante el proceso judicial, se determinó que Corradini no mantenía ninguna deuda más allá de las que tenía por el oficio y su local que tenía. En momentos se llegó a tildar el asesinato como un crimen pasional, ya que también se determinó que el matrimonio Corradini-Segalá estaba bastante deteriorado y que era más que todo una sociedad unida por la franquicia de la panadería de la que eran dueños.

Paralelo al caso, en diciembre de 2011, el exinvestigador privado del caso contratado tras el crimen y pareja de Mercedes Segalá, Vicente Luis Oscar Díaz, fue condenado a 7 años de prisión por abuso sexual sin acceso carnal a un familiar de los Corradini.

Detenciones
Los principales acusados por el asesinato son:

 Victor Mandrake Quinteros, sindicado como el matador, como probable coautor penalmente responsable del delito de homicidio calificado por el vínculo, alevosía y pago o promesa remuneratoria.

 Por la línea policial, al  excomisario inspector Oscar Reynaldo Aguilar, jefe del precinto 36 del barrio, de donde salió el arma homicida, el revólver calibre 32 largo que lanzó los tres proyectiles que terminaron con la vida de Corradini (que por aquel entonces era el Presidente de la Cooperadora Policial). Imputado como supuesto coautor penalmente responsable del delito de homicidio calificado por alevosía, por el vínculo y críminis causae

 El ex cabo 'Mario Oscar Onainty, que se domiciliaba a dos cuadras de donde fue hallado el cuerpo de Corradini. Era chofer de Aguilar, el obsecuente y su hombre de confianza. Es imputado como supuesto cómplice necesario del delito de homicidio calificado por alevosía , por el vínculo y criminis causae.

 Su esposa, Mercedes Segalá, fue detenida en 2006, sindicada como la autora intelectual del asesinato de su marido en calidad de supuesta coautora penalmente responsable del delito de homicidio calificado por alevosía, por el vínculo y por codicia.

El 26 de julio de 2011 se dio a conocer el fallo: Mercedes Segalá, Mario Onaynti y Oscar Aguilar fueron absueltos de todo cargo. Mientras que Víctor Mandrake Quinteros sigue imputado, fue condenado solo por el secuestro. .
El 4 de octubre del 2018 el Tribunal Superior de Justicia dejó firme el fallo de la Cámara 3.ª del Crimen, que en 2016 condenó por unanimidad a la mujer. De esta manera, quedó a un paso de volver a la cárcel.
El 27 de diciembre del 2018 la Cámara 3.ª del Crimen dictaminó la inmediata detención de Mercedes Segalá, la viuda del panadero Héctor Corradini, asesinado en 1998.

El Tribunal Superior de Justicia ya había rechazado en octubre de este año la casación presentada por el abogado de "Pirucha" Segalá, Miguel Ortiz Pellegrini, por considerarla abstracta[10].

Referencias

Argentina en 1998
Corradini, Héctor

Asesinato de Héctor Corradini


Gleti Afrika'daki Dahomey krallığında tapılan bir ay tanrıçasıydı. Bölgesel anlamda bugünkü Benin'de yer almaktaydı.

Dahomey mitolojisinde, tüm yıldızların annesidir. Kocasının gölgesi yüzüne düştüğünde ise, tutulma olduğuna inanılırdı.

Ay tanrıçaları
Dahomey tanrıçaları

Gleti


La Fédération polonaise de hockey sur glace porte en polonais le nom de  (PZHL). Il s'agit d'une association sportive nationale opérant en Pologne, dotée de la personnalité juridique, étant la seule représentante légale du hockey sur glace polonais, hommes et femmes, dans toutes les catégories d'âge dans le pays et à l'étranger.

Équipes nationales

Hommes
 Équipe nationale masculine
 Équipe nationale masculine des moins de 20 ans
 Équipe nationale masculine des moins de 18 ans

Femmes
 Équipe nationale féminine
 Équipe nationale féminine des moins de 18 ans

Championnats
 Polska Hokej Liga ( échelon)
 Ligue 1 polonaise ( échelon)

Présidents

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

 Pologne sur IIHF.com

Hockey sur glace en Pologne
Pologne
Hockey sur glace
Organisme fondé en 1925


Última Esperanza (spænska: Provincia de Última Esperanza, sem þýðir: Síðasta Von-hérað) er eitt af fjórum héruðum í suðurhluta Síle, Magallanes og Antártica Chilena. Höfuðborgin er Puerto Natales og er nefnd eftir Última Esperanza. Hluti af landamærum landsins við Argentínu í Suður-Patagóníu er umdeildur.

Stjórnsýsla
Última Esperanza er hérað á öðru stigi stjórnsýslukerfis Síle, sem skiptist síðan í tvö sveitarfélög: Puerto Natales og Torres del Paine. Héraðinu er stjórnað af  landstjóra skipuðum af forseta. Ana Ester Mayorga Bahamonde var skipaður ríkisstjóri af Sebastián Piñera forseta.

Áhugaverð atriði
Í þessu héraði er hinn þekkti Torres del Paine þjóðgarður. Einnig fjöllin Cerro Torre og Cerro Chaltén, sem eru í hópi tilkomumestu fjallatinda Suður-Ameríku. Hluti af stærsta jökli utan heimskauta, Suður Patagóníujökull er innan Última Esperanza og á svæðinu er  Cueva del Milodón en þar eru staðfestar minjar um forsögulega mannvist.

Tilvísanir

Fylki Síle

Última Esperanza hérað


Tre trallande jäntor Gençlik marşı'nın İsveç'te söylenen orijinal halidir. Üç kızlar adı ile bilinir. Müziği Felix Körling'e, sözleri Gustaf Fröding'e aittir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Tre trallande jäntor

İsveççe şarkılar

Tre trallande jäntor


Kapetan Amerika: Građanski rat (eng. Captain America: Civil War) je film iz 2016. redatelja Anthonyja i Joea Russoa.

Prema istoimenom liku Marvel Comicsa, riječ je o nastavku filma Kapetan Amerika: Ratnik zime i trinaestom filmu u Marvel Cineamtic Universeu, prvom od tzv. "faze 3". Film je producirao Marvel Studios, a scenarij napisali Christopher Markus i Stephen McFeely. Riječ je o djelomičnoj adaptaciji crossover stripa Građanski ratMarka Millara, a glume Chris Evans, Robert Downey Jr., Scarlett Johansson, Sebastian Stan, Anthony Mackie, Don Cheadle, Jeremy Renner, Chadwick Boseman, Paul Bettany, Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Rudd, Emily VanCamp, Tom Holland, Frank Grillo, William Hurt i Daniel Brühl. U filmu, Kapetan Amerika i Iron Man nalaze se na čelu dviju suprotstavljenih strana superjunaka nakon usvajanja zakona koji regulira aktivnosti Osvetnika.

Razvoj filma započeo je krajem 2013. godine, kada su Markus i McFeely počeli raditi na scenariju. Braća Russo prijavila su se za režiju filma početkom 2014. godine nakon pozitivnih odgovora koje je dobio Ratnik zime. Naslov filma objavljen je u listopadu 2014. zajedno s ulaskom Downeyja Jr. u glumačku postavu, a sljedećih mjeseci najavljeni su i ostali članovi glumačke postave.

Radnja

1991. Agenti HYDRA-e u Sibiru probude Bucky Barnesa iz njegovog kriogenog sna i pretvore ga u Ratnika zime, mentalno ga uvjetujući tako da sluša svakoga tko recitira određenu kombinaciju riječi. Kasnije, Bucky je poslan po aktovku koja sadrži uzorke seruma super vojnika u automobilu, i ubija putnike u vozilu.

U sadašnjosti, oko godinu dana nakon bitke kod Sokovie, Steve Rogers, Natasha Romanoff, Sam Wilson i Wanda Maximoff sprječavaju Brock Rumlowa da ukrade biološko oružje iz laboratorija u Lagosu. Tijekom borbe Rumlow aktivira eksplozivni prsluk, čineći samoubojstvo. Wanda ograničava eksploziju, ubivši nekoliko volontera Wakande i povećavajući nepovjerenje međunarodne zajednice prema Osvetnicima. U sjedištu Osvetnika, državni tajnik Thaddeus Ross obavještava Osvetnike da su Ujedinjeni narodi ušli u Sokovijin sporazum, koji će osnovati međunarodno vladino tijelo koje će pratiti i odlučiti kada tražiti intervenciju Osvetnika. Tim je podijeljen, Tony Stark se zalaže za potrebu vanjskog nadzora jer se osjeća krivim za stvaranje Ultrona i naknadno uništenje Sokovije, dok Steve teže vjeruje vladama i institucijama nakon pada S.H.I.E.L.D.-a, i vjeruje da Osvetnici trebaju biti slobodni odlučiti svojom slobodnom voljom kada će intervenirati.

U nemogućnosti da uvjeri Rogersa, Romanoff putuje u Beč na ratifikaciju Sporazuma, ali tijekom konferencije bomba ubija kralja Wakande T'Chake. Sigurnosne kamere otkrivaju da je napadač Bucky, a T'Chakin sin T'Challa odlučuje se osobno osvetiti. Rogers i Wilson pronašli su Buckya u Bukureštu i pokušali ga zaštititi od policije i T'Challe, sva četvorica su uhićena. Zatvoren u Berlinu, Buckyja posjećuje pukovnik Helmut Zemo, koji koristi HYDRA-inu kombinaciju riječi kako bi oslobodio njegov bijes. Steve uspijeva zaustaviti Buckya i pobjegne s njim zajedno sa Samom. Nakon što je bio uvjeren, Bucky otkriva da je osoba odgovorna za napade Zemo, koji se uputio u sibirsku bazu gdje je bio zatvoren zajedno s drugim Ratnicima zime stvorenim s ukradenim serumom koji počiva u kriogenom snu.

Rogers i Wilson regrutiraju Wandu, Clint Bartona i Scott Langa, dok Stark regrutira Natashu, T'Challu, Jamesa Rhodesa, Visionea i mladog Peter Parkera. Tim Iron Mana presreće Kapetana Ameriku i njegov tim u zračnoj luci Leipzig-Halle, gdje se sukobljavaju dvije frakcije, tijekom bitke Romanoff odlučuje pustiti Rogersa i Barnesa da pobjegnu, koji odlaze u Sibir zaustaviti Zemoa. Ostatak njihovog tima je zarobljen, dok je Rhodes i dalje paraliziran u nogama nakon što ga je nehotice pogodila Visionova zraka.

Tony otkriva da je Zemo pravi krivac za napade, pa se pridružuje Steveu i Buckyju u Sibiru, praveći primirje s njima, ne sumnjajući da ga je pratio T'Challa. Trojica otkrivaju da je ostale Ratnike zime ubio Zemo, koji otkriva da je Sokovianac koji traži osvetu za smrt svoje obitelji tijekom bitke kod Sokovie. Zemo im pokazuje video iz prosinca 1991. godine, u kojem Howarda i Mariju Stark, Tonyjeve roditelje, Barnes brutalno ubija potpuno gluh na njihove molbe. Oni su bili putnici u vozilu u kojem se nalazio serum. Tony napada Buckyja i tijekom borbe Bucky gubi metalnu ruku i leži na tlu. Uslijedi žestok sukob između Rogersa i Tonyja, koji završava kada Steve deaktivira Starkov oklop i uništi njegovu jezgru. Kapetan Amerika odlazi s Buckyjem, ostavljajući štit na zemlji. Ispred T'Challe nalazi se Zemo, koji, nakon što je rekao razlog svoje mržnje prema Osvetnicima, pokušava počiniti samoubojstvo, ali ga T'Challa zaustavlja i predaje vlastima.

Nešto kasnije, Stark daje Rhodesu egzoskelet da mu pomogne hodati, a u međuvremenu Rogers tjera svoje suputnike da pobjegnu. U Wakandi Barnes ponovno odlučuje hibernirati zahvaljujući kriogenom snu dok se ne pronađe lijek za njegov uvjetovani mozak. U sceni nakon završne špice, Parker isprobava novu napravu koju mu je dao Stark.

Glumačka postava

Glavni
Chris Evans kao Steve Rogers / Kapetan Amerika: vođa jedne od dviju frakcija Osvetnika, veteran je Drugog svjetskog rata pojačan zahvaljujući eksperimentalnom serumu i ostao je zamrznut sedamdeset godina prije nego što je pronađen u ledu.
Robert Downey Jr. kao Tony Stark / Iron Man: vođa jedne od dvije frakcije Osvetnika, briljantni inženjer, playboy i filantrop, tvorac visokotehnološkog oklopa koji i sam nosi.
Scarlett Johansson kao Natasha Romanoff / Crna Udovica: član Osvetnika i saveznica Iron Mana, visoko obučen bivši špijun za S.H.I.E.L.D.
Sebastian Stan kao Bucky Barnes / Ratnik zime: Najbolji prijatelj i saveznik Steve Rogersa, nakon ispiranja mozga pretvoren je u nemilosrdnog ubojicu.
Anthony Mackie kao Sam Wilson / Falcon: član Osvetnika i saveznik Kapetana Amerike, on je vojnik koji se specijalizirao za zračnu borbu zahvaljujući posebnom krilatom odijelu.
Don Cheadle kao James "Rhodey" Rhodes / War Machine: član Osvetnika i saveznik Iron Mana. Časnik u američkom ratnom zrakoplovstvu.
Jeremy Renner kao Clint Barton / Hawkeye: vješti strijelac, bivši S.H.I.E.L.D. agent i saveznik Kapetana Amerike.
Chadwick Boseman kao T'Challa / Black Panther: princ afričke države Wakanda i saveznik Iron Mana.
Paul Bettany kao Vision: član Osvetnika i saveznik Iron Mana, on je android stvoren pomoću J.A.R.V.I.S. umjetne inteligencije i kamena uma.
Elizabeth Olsen kao Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet: članica Osvetnika,saveznik Kapetana Amerike. Rodom je iz Sokovie, ima telekinetičke, telepatske i hipnotičke moći.
Paul Rudd kao Scott Lang / Ant-Man: bivši lopov i saveznik Kapetana Amerike koji dolazi u posjed tehnologije koja mu omogućuje da smanji ili poveća svoju veličinu i istovremeno poveća svoju snagu.
Emily VanCamp kao Sharon Carter / Agente 13: bivši S.H.I.E.L.D. agent, sada agent CIA-e i saveznik Kapetana Amerike.
Tom Holland kao Peter Parker / Spider-Man: tinejdžerski saveznik Iron Mana koji je nedavno stekao sposobnosti nalik pauku nakon što ga je ugrizao genetski modificirani pauk.
Frank Grillo kao Brock Rumlow / Crossbones: bivši zapovjednik tima protiv terorizma S.T.R.I.K.E.-a i agent HYDRA-e.
William Hurt kao Thaddeus "Thunderbolt" Ross: Američki državni tajnik i bivši general američke vojske koji je lovio Hulka.
Daniel Brühl kao Helmut Zemo: Sokovianski terorist opsjednut uništenjem Osvetnika. Zemo, koji koristi nekoliko imena u filmu, ne nosi tipičnu masku lika kao u stripovima.

Sporedni
John Slattery kaoHowarda Starka pokojni otac Tonyja Starka.
Kerry Condon kao F.R.I.D.A.Y.
Hope Davis kao Maria Stark: pokojna majka Tonyja Starka.
Martin Freeman glumi Everett Rossa: član Zajedničkog centra za borbu protiv terorizma i lika koji se često pojavljivao u stripovima Black Panthera.
Marisa Tomei kao May Parker: teta Petera Parkera
John Kani kao T'Chaka: T'Challin otac.
Gene Farber kao Vasily Karpov: časnik HYDRA-e koji je nadgledao program Ratnik zime
Florence Kasumba kao Ayo: članica Dore Milaje
Alfre Woodard, kao Mariah Dillard: u MCU televizijskoj seriji Luke Cage, glumi Miriam Sharpe, majku američkog državljanina koji je poginuo tijekom bitke kod Sokovie.
Jim Rash kao član MIT fakulteta.

Cameo
Stan Lee se pojavljuje u kao FedEx vozač.
Joe Russo,redatelj,  pojavljuje se kao Theo Broussard, psihijatar kojeg je ubio Zemo.

Produkcija

Snimanje
Snimanje je započelo 27. travnja 2015. u Pinewood Studiju u Atlanti, Georgia, pod radnim nazivom "Sputnik". Ostale lokacije u gradskom području Atlante uključuju okrug Buckhead u Atlanti, kršćansku crkvu Peachtree u Midtown Atlanti, Downtown Atlanta i Norcross, Georgia. Snimanje se također odvijalo u Portoriku, Berlinu i Islandu. Film je prvi koji koristi nove IMAX 2D digitalne kamere, razvijene u suradnji s Arri. Joe Russo je rekao da je oko 15 minuta filma snimljeno ovim novim kamerama.

U svibnju 2015. godine Martin Freeman pridružio se glumačkoj postavi u neodređenoj ulozi, a istog mjeseca potvrđen je povratak Paula Bettanyja, Dona Cheadlea, Paula Rudda, Emily VanCamp i Williama Hurta u odgovarajućim ulogama Visiona, Jamesa Rhodesa / War Machinea, Scotta Langa / Ant-Mana, Sharon Carter / Agenta 13 i Thaddeusa "Thunderbolta" Rossa. Krajem lipnja Tom Holland dobio je ulogu novog Petera Parkera/Spider-Mana, a objavljeno je da će lik debitirati u Građanskom ratu. Marvel u početku nije potvrdio sudjelovanje Hollanda u filmu, zbog ugovorne klauzule koja ga je spriječila da javno govori o svom uključivanju. U srpnju 2015. godine Jonathan M. Goldstein, jedan od pisaca novog filma Spider-Man, potvrdio je da će se Holland pojaviti u filmu, vijest koju je kasnije potvrdio Entertainment Weekly.Početkom kolovoza snimanje se preselilo u Njemačku, lokacije uključuju Olimpijski stadion u Berlinu i Zračnu luku Leipzig-Halle. Snimanje je završeno 28. kolovoza.

Post-produkcija
U rujnu 2015. godine Mark Ruffalo, koji je glumio Brucea Bannera /Hulka u filmovima Marvel Cinematic Universe, otkrio je da je njegov lik uključen u početni scenarij, ali da je kasnije eliminiran zbog završetka Osvetnici 2: Vladavina Ultrona. Markus je dodao da lik nije uključen jer bi, osim što se nije pojavio u stripu, njegov izgled radikalno promijenio sudbinu sukoba, te morali su odlučiti koje će likove koristiti na temelju vrste borbe koju žele pokazati. U veljači je otkriveno da je lik kojeg je Freeman glumio Everett Ross. Russosi su 16. ožujka 2016. tvrdili da će film biti spreman "otprilike za tjedan i pol", a Joe je potvrdio prisutnost scena nakon odjavne špice, ukupno dvije ili tri. Film je dovršen 4. travnja 2016.

U travnju 2016. godine Feige je otkrio da je redatelj Black Panthera Ryan Coogler pomogao u pisanju dijaloga lika tijekom dodatnog snimanja. Istog mjeseca otkrivena je glumačka postava Alfrea Woodarda, Jima Rasha i Marise Tomei. Specijalnim efektima filma bavi se Industrial Light &Magic.

Glazba
U kolovozu 2014. godine Joe Russo otkrio je da će se Henry Jackman, autor glazbe za Kapetan Amerika: Ratnik zime, vratiti za nastavak. Jackman je objasnio da će soundtrack uz dodatak novih elemenata zauzeti industrijski zvuk pjesme Ratnika zime iz prethodnog filma. Soundtrack je objavio Hollywood Records 6. svibnja 2016.

Distribucija
Svjetska premijera filma Kapetan Amerika: Građanski rat održana je 12. travnja 2016. u Dolby Theatreu, a premijerno je izvedena 13. travnja u CinemaConu, dok je europska premijera održana 26. travnja u Vue Cinemasu u trgovačkom centru Westfield London. Film je objavljen na međunarodnoj razini od 27. travnja 2016. u 37 zemalja. Film je objavljen 5. svibnja 2016. u Hrvatskoj, a 6. svibnja 2016. u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, također u 3D i IMAX 3D.

Kapetan Amerika: Građanski rat objavio je Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment 2. rujna 2016. u digitalnom izdanju i 13. rujna 2016. na Blu-rayu i DVD-u. Digitalna verzija i Blu-ray verzija sadrže pregled Doktor Strangea i humoristični mockumentary redatelja Thor: Ragnarok Taike Waititija koji prikazuje gdje su Thor i Bruce Banner bili tijekom događaja građanskog rata.

Nastavak
Kevin Feige rekao je da je Građanski rat posljednje poglavlje trilogije Kapetan Amerika koja je započela s Kapetan Amerika: Prvi osvetnik. Unatoč činjenici da je film posljednji samostalni film pod ugovorom Chris Evansa, glumac je rekao da je spreman produžiti ugovor s Marvelom nakon filmova Osvetnici: Rat beskonačnosti i Osvetnici: Završnica, posljednjih filmova uključenih u njegov ugovor. Međutim, u intervjuu za The New York Times, 22. ožujka 2018., Evans je otkrio da će se nakon završetka snimanja Završnica oprostiti od MCU-a. U travnju 2021. otkriveno je da je četvrti film Kapetan Amerike u razvoju s tvorcima televizijske serije The Falcon and the Winter Soldier.

Vanjske poveznice
  marvel.com

  na Disney+

Američki filmovi 2010-ih
Akcijski filmovi
Pustolovni filmovi
Znanstvenofantastični filmovi
Marvel Cinematic Universe filmovi

Kapetan Amerika: Građanski rat


Sangiorgi peut faire référence à :

Patronyme

 Alfredo Sangiorgi (1894-1962), compositeur italien ;
  (1831-1899), magistrat italien ;
  (1860-19XX), homme politique italien ;
  (1823-1884), homme politique italien ;
  (1957-), écrivain italien ;
 Giuliano Sangiorgi (1979-), guitariste, pianiste et chanteur italien ;
  (1850-1928), marchand d'art italien ;
 Michele Sangiorgi (1785-1822), peintre italien ;
  (1962-), journaliste italien.

Toponyme

 , bâtiment historique à Forli ;
 , théâtre à Catane.

Divers
 , séries de rapports judiciaires sur la mafia italienne publiés entre 1898 et 1900.

Voir aussi

Sangiorgi


El chofer es una telenovela mexicana producida por Ernesto Alonso para la cadena Televisa entre 1974 y 1975. Fue protagonizada por Jorge Rivero y la actriz argentina Linda Cristal, además de la actuación antagónica de Susana Alexander.

Argumento
Carmelita es una mujer solterona que reside en una solitaria morada en el campo. Como la mujer se siente muy sola decide adoptar a dos huérfanos como sus hijos: José y Manuel. Manuel es muy rebelde y decide abandonar a su madre y hermano para probar suerte en la ciudad de México. En cambio José es noble y honesto y decide quedarse con Carmelita para ayudarla en lo que necesite.

Un día llega a la casa una bella y misteriosa mujer, Julia, quien pide alojamiento y Carmelita y José deciden hospedarla en su casa. José se empieza a interesar en Julia ya que, aunque ella no les cuenta mucho sobre su pasado, es más que obvio que ella escapa de algo. José y Julia se enamoran, y ella finalmente termina contándole su secreto: huyó de su marido Luigi, un peligroso mafioso, y se vio forzada a dejara a su hijo con él. Después de un tiempo Julia ya no aguanta estar lejos de su hijo y con tristeza deja a José y Carmelita en dirección a la capital para recuperar a su hijo.

Carmelita pierde sus tierras debido a las intrigas de un inescrupuloso vecino. Ambos viéndose en aquella difícil situación deciden viajar también a Ciudad de México para buscar trabajo y poder sobrevivir, y de paso también encontrar a Manuel. José consigue un trabajo como taxista, le va bien, hasta que un día mientras trabaja le salva la vida a un extraño hombre, quien se siente en deuda con José y para compensarlo le dice que de ahora en adelante puede pedirle lo que necesite y considerarlo un amigo. El problema es que este hombre es Luigi, el marido de su querida Julia, con quien inevitablemente volverá a encontrarse.

Elenco
 Jorge Rivero - José
 Linda Cristal - Julia
 Milton Rodríguez - Luigi
 Anita Blanch - Carmelita
 Jorge Vargas - Manuel
 Olga Breeskin - Nora
 Susana Dosamantes - Pilar
 Nelly Meden - Alicia
 Carlos Piñar - Andrés
 Susana Alexander - Tania
 Sonia Furió - Soledad
 Pilar Pellicer - Silvia
 Armando Silvestre - Román
 Alejandro Ciangherotti - Armando
 Adriana Roel - Laura
 Silvia Mariscal - María
 Socorro Avelar - Olvido
 Guillermo Zarur - Lobitos
 Lucy Tovar - Paty
 Fernando Mendoza - Eustaquio
 Lourdes Canale - Lulú
 Martín Cortés - Samuel
 Sergio Zuani - El Tuerto
 Carmen Salinas - Lorena
 Roberto Antúnez - Pablo
 Ignacio Rubiell - El Profe

Enlaces externos
 El chofer en Alma-latina.net

Telenovelas de México
Telenovelas de 1974
Telenovelas de Televisa

El chofer


The Mashed Potato is a dance move which was a popular dance craze of 1962. The dance move and mashed potato song were first made famous by James Brown in 1959 and used in his concerts regularly. It was also a dance done to songs such as Dee Dee Sharp's "Mashed Potato Time". The move vaguely resembles that of the twist, by Sharp's fellow Philadelphian Chubby Checker. The dance was first popularized internationally after being named in the lyrics of Motown's first mega-hit in the song "Do You Love Me" written by Berry Gordy Jr. and performed by The Contours in 1962.

Dance movement
The dance move begins by stepping backward with one foot with that heel tilted inward. The foot is positioned slightly behind the other (stationary) foot. With the weight on the ball of the starting foot, the heel is then swiveled outward. The same process is repeated with the other foot: step back and behind with heel inward, pivot heel out, and so on. The pattern is continued for as many repetitions as desired. The step may be incorporated in various dances either as a separate routine or as a styling of standard steps.

Songs
Several songs inspired by the dance were hits, including "(Do the) Mashed Potatoes" by Nat Kendrick and the Swans (with vocals by Carlton "King" Coleman), "Mashed Potatoes U.S.A." by James Brown, and "Mashed Potato Time" and "Gravy (For My Mashed Potatoes)", both by Dee Dee Sharp.
In Australia the dance underwent a revival with Billy Thorpe and the Aztecs' version of "Mashed Potato" in 1964 and in France a song called "C'est le mashed potatoes" was performed by Johnny Hallyday in the early 1960s.

Dance variations and cultural references
The dance was also referred to in Connie Francis' 1962 hit "V-A-C-A-T-I-O-N" ("...we'll Mashed Potato to a jukebox tune..."), "Do You Love Me" by the Contours, "Let's Dance" by Chris Montez, "Harry the Hairy Ape" a 1963 Top-20 pop and R&B novelty hit by Ray Stevens, "Land of a Thousand Dances", "Having a Party" by Sam Cooke, "Do the Strand" by Roxy Music and in Ray Charles' version of "Shake a Tail Feather".
The dance is also referenced in the Orlons song "Wah Watusi". (1962)

A variation on the Mashed Potato was danced to Bobby "Boris" Pickett's novelty hit "Monster Mash", in which the footwork was the same, but "monster gestures" were made with the arms and hands.

The dance was one of the inspirations for the Exodus song "The Toxic Waltz", from their 1989 album Fabulous Disaster.

References

External links
Dance Step Definitions

Novelty and fad dances
20th-century dance
Dances of the United States

Mashed Potato (dance)


Patti Cake$ er en amerikansk spillefilm fra 2017 skrevet og instrueret af Geremy Jasper. Filmen havde premiere ved Sundance Film Festival i kategorien for dramafilm. Filmen er distribueret af Fox Searchlight Pictures.

Handling
Patricia Dombrowski aka. Patti Cake$ aka. Killa P. er klar til at indtage hiphopscenen og blive en superstjerne på højde med sit store idol O-Z. Men stjernekarrieren kan til tider synes temmelig langt væk, når man er en overvægtig, hvid bartender, fanget i et nedslidt North Jersey-hjem med en stak ubetalte regninger, en rullestolskørende bedstemor og en bitter, fordrukken mor som selskab.

Medvirkende
 Danielle Macdonald som Patti
 Bridget Everett som Barb
 Siddharth Dhananjay som Jheri
 Mamoudou Athie som Basterd
 Cathy Moriarty som Nana
 McCaul Lombardi som Danny
 Nick Sandow som Ray
 Patrick Brana som Slaz

Modtagelse
Patti Cake$ modtog overvejende positive anmeldelser. På Rotten Tomatoes har filmen en score på 83% ud af 132 anmeldelser med en gennemsnitlig vurdering på 6,6/10, hvor bl.a. hovedrolleindehaveren Danielle MacDonalds indsats roses. Danielle MacDonald fik ligeledes positiv kritik af New York Magazine og USA Today''.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dramafilm fra USA
Amerikanske film fra 2017

Patti Cake$


The O.C., 5 Ağustos 2003-22 Şubat 2007 tarihleri arasında ABD'de FOX kanalı tarafından yayınlanan komedi-drama dizisi. Dizi Josh Schwartz tarafından kurgulanmış, Orange County'de zenginlik içinde yetişen gençler ve onların ailelerinin yaşamlarını konu almıştır.
The O.C. 50'den fazla ülkede gösterilmiştir. Dizideki müzik seçimleri beğeni toplamış, az tanınan gruplar kendilerini tanıtma fırsatı yakalamışlardır. Dizi müziklerinden 6 adet albüm yayınlanmıştır.

Konu
The O.C' nin ilk sezonu ABD'de 5 Ağustos 2003'te gösterilmeye başlandı ve toplam 27 bölüm sürdü. İlk bölümle beraber Ryan Atwood için yeni bir hayat başlar. Ryan Newport'tan ayrılmak istemektedir; ancak Seth ve Marissa onu kalmaya ikna ederler. Bu sezon sırasında, Ryan ve Marissa arasında bir ilişki başlar, Seth ve Summer birbirlerine aşık olurlar, Jimmy maddi zorluklarla karşılaşır. Sezon sonuna doğru Caleb ve Julie resmen evlenir. Ryan eski kız arkadaşının hamile olduğunu öğrenir ve çocuğun babası olabileceğini düşünerek Chino'ya geri döner. Seth, Summer'a ve ailesine not bırakarak yelkeni ile beraber denize açılır.

2. Sezonda problemlerin çıkması, Julie'nin tekrar eski kocası Jimmy ile görüşmesini sağlar. Bunu her ne kadar Caleb bilse de sesini çıkarmaz. Ancak Julie'nin başka bir eski sevgilisinin seks kaseti ile ortaya çıkıp şantaj yapması, Caleb ile Julie'nin arasını iyice açar.

Okullar başlayınca Fen bölümüne giden Ryan Lindsay adında bir kız ile görüşmeye başlar. Bu kızın, annesi Rene ve Caleb'in gayrimeşru çocuğu olduğu ortaya çıkınca işler karışmaya başlar. Annesi Chicago'ya taşınırken Lindsay de onunla gider ve Ryan-Lindsay ilişkisi bitmiş olur.

Ryan'ın abisi Trey, hapishaneden çıkar. Bunu her ne kadar istemese de Ryan, Sandy'nin ısrarına dayanamayıp odasını paylaşır. Trey belalı bir tiptir. Ryan'ı birçok kez kandırarak, kendisini yeniden suçladığı bazı konularda Ryan'ın haksız olduğuna onu ikna eder. Fakat gerçek, Trey'in gerçekten pis işlere yeniden karışmakta olduğudur.

Marrisa ile Ryan'ın, Seth ile Summer'ın tekrar bir araya gelmesi her ne kadar gerilimi dindirmiş olsa da Trey bu gerginliği tekrar arttıracaktır.

Caleb artık Julie'nin yaptıklarına dayanamaz ve Julie'den boşanmak ister. Julie bu kadar paradan pay alamayacağını fark edince, Caleb'i öldürmeye karar verir. Her ne kadar bunu yapmaktan vazgeçse de aynı gece Caleb kalp krizi geçirip ölür. (Bu olay Kristen'ın, daha önce de yaşanmış birçok olayla birlikte alkolik olmasına yol açar.)

Ryan'ın 1-2 günlük yokluğundan yararlanan Trey, onun yeniden iyi biri olabileceğini düşünen ve arkadaş olmaya çalışan Marrisa'dan iyice hoşlanması ile Marrisa'ya tecavüz etmeye çalışır. Summer Marissa'dan, Seth ise Summer'dan bu olayı öğrenir. Fakat bunu Ryan'a söyleyerek çok büyük bir hata yapmış olurlar.

Ryan'ın haberi olduğunu öğrenen, ve bu sıralar annesi ve babasının yeniden bir araya gelmek üzere olduklarından dolayı büyük bir sevinç içinde olan Marrisa hemen Trey'in evine gidip çıkacak olan kavgayı durdurmak ister. Ancak iş işten çoktan geçmiştir. Ryan ve Trey kötü bir kavga halindedir. Trey Ryan'ı öldürmek üzereyken Marissa Trey'i durdurmaya çalışır; fakat Trey onu da iterek Ryan'ı kesinlikle öldüreceğinin sinyallerini vermekten kaçınmaz. Bunu gören Marissa, yerde bulduğu silahı alarak Trey'i vurur. Bu olay 2. Sezonun etkileyici sonudur. Bu son sezondur; ama ilerleyen zamanlarda devam etmesi beklenmiştir. Mischa Barton'ın uyuşturucu kullanması nedeniyle devam etmemiştir. Mischa Barton daha sonra dizinin kadrosundan çıkarılmış ve dizi devam etmiştir.

Bölümler

1. sezon

 "The Pilot"
 "The Model Home"
 "The Gamble"
 "The Debut"
 "The Outsider"
 "The Girlfriend"
 "The Escape"
 "The Rescue"/"The New Beginning"
 "The Heights"
 "The Perfect Couple"
 "The Homecoming"s
 "The Secret"
 "The Best Chrismukkah Ever"
 "The Countdown"
 "The Third Wheel"
 "The Links"
 "The Rival"
 "The Truth"
 "The Heartbreak"
 "The Telenovela"
 "The Goodbye Girl"
 "The L.A."
 "The Nana"
 "The Proposal"
 "The Shower"
 "The Strip"
 "The Ties That Bind"

 Special: Obsess Completely
 Special: A Day In The Life

2. sezon

 "The Distance"
 "The Way We Were"
 "The New Kids on the Block"
 "The New Era"
 "The SnOC"
 "The Chrismukkah That Almost Wasn't"/"The Chrismukkah Show"
 "The Family Ties"
 "The Power of Love"
 "The Ex-Factor"
 "The Accomplice"
 "The Second Chance"
 "The Lonely Hearts Club"
 "The # "The Rainy Day Women"
 "The Mallpisode"
 "The Blaze of Glory"
 "The Brothers Grimm"
 "The Risky Business"
 "The Rager"
 "The O.C. Confidental"
 "The Return of the Nana"
 "The Showdown"
 "The O Sea"
 "The Dearly Beloved"

3. sezon

 "The Aftermath"
 "The Shape of Things to Come"
 "The End of Innocence"
 "The Last Waltz"
 "The Perfect Storm"
 "The Swells"
 "The Anger Management"
 "The Game Plan"
 "The Disconnect"
 "The Chrismukkah Bar Mitz-vahkkah"
 "The Safe Harbor"
 "The Sister Act"
 "The Pot Stirrer"
 "The Cliffhanger"
 "The Heavy Lifting"
 "The Road Warrior"
 "The Journey"
 "The Undertow"
 "The Secrets and Lies"
 "The Day After Tomorrow"
 "The Dawn Patrol"/"The Darkness Before Dawn"
 "The College Try"
 "The Party Favor"
 "The Man of the Year"
 "The Graduates"

4. sezon

 "The Avengers"
 "The Gringos"/"The Search"
 "The Cold Turkey"
 "The Metamorphosis"
 "The Sleeping Beauty"
 "The Summer Bummer"
 "The Chrismukk-huh"
 "The Earth Girls are Easy"
 "The My Two Dads"
 "The French Connection"
 "The Dream Lover"
 "The Groundhog Day"
 "The Case of the Franks"
 "The Shake-up"
 "The Night Moves"
 "The End is not Near, it's Here

İlgi gören bölümler

Oyuncular

Uluslararası yayın bilgileri

Dış bağlantılar
 The O.C. FOX Türkiye
 The O.C. Official Music
 The O.C. Filming Locations
 Keep The O.C. Alive
 Music played on The O.C. series
 Full streaming episodes of The O.C.  (U. S. only)

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri dramatik televizyon dizileri
Kurguda Orange İli
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri pembe dizileri
Ergenlik öncesi hamilelik ile ilgili televizyon programları

The O.C.


Aerobiologija je interdisciplinarna znanost koja se bavi proučavanjem biološkog porijekla čestica u zraku, njihovim transportom i međudjelovanjem. Aerobiološka istraživanja imaju značaj za medicinu, poljoprivredu, šumarstvo, klimatologiju i forenziku.

Povijest aerobiologije u Hrvatskoj
U Hrvatskoj do 2002. podaci o vrstama i rasprostranjenosti peluda vrlo su oskudni, zbog nepostojanja sustavnih aerobioloških istraživanja, koja se u svijetu provode četrdesetak godina.

Prvi pokušaji istraživanja rasprostranjenosti alergogenog peluda u Hrvatskoj započeli su 1959. godine na četiri lokacije: Hvar, Zagreb, Crikvenica i Dubrovnik, upotrebom gravimetrijske metode izlaganja predmetnih stakalaca peludu.

Nakon velike pauze, 1973. godine istraživanja su nastavljena u Zagrebu, ali su i ona ubrzo prekinuta.

Moderna aeropalinološka istraživanja upotrebom standardizirane volumetrijske metode započela su u Zagrebu 2002. godine, i od tada se sprovode kontinuirano. Republika Hrvatska je potom uspostavila suradnju s europskim zemljama, kao ravnopravna članica europske podatkovne baze EAN (European Aeroallergen Network) sa sjedištem u Beču.

Danas u Hrvatskoj postoji 20 mjernih postaja (Zagreb, Samobor, Ivanić-Grad, Velika Gorica, Bjelovar, Varaždin, Karlovac, Osijek, Našice, Đakovo, Sisak, Kutina, Virovitica, Slatina, Beli Manastir, Slavonski Brod, Rijeka, Zadar, Split i Dubrovnik) koje svojim arealima uzorkovanja pokrivaju gotovo cijeli teritorij Hrvatske.

Oblast proučavanja
Ova znanstvena disciplina kao oblast biologije proučava čestice biološkog porekla prisutne u atmosferi, principe transporta, osobađanja, depozicije i njihov utjecaj u ekosistemu. Како аerobiološki uvjeti područja na kojemu žive pacijenti bitno utječu na liječenje te su liječnicima alergolozima, pri praćenju bolesti i određivanju terapije, iznimno važna saznanja ove znanstvene grane.

Najčešći predmet proučavanja aerobiologije su pelud i spore, čestice koje imaju izuzetno veliku ulogu u pojavi inhalatornih alergija.  disciplinom koja proučava čestice biološkog porekla prisutne u atmosferi, principe transporta, osobađanja, depozicije i njihovog uticaja u ekosistemu.

Aerobiologija u alergologiji
Predviđanje i prognoza istraživanja koncentracija alergogenih čestica najveća je vrijednost aerobiologije u alergologiji, jer predstavlja veliku pomoć liječnicima u terapiji a   bolesnicima u prevenciji i terapiji.

Cilj aerobioloških istraživanja
Aerobioloških istraživanja imaju za cilj da utvrde koncentracije alergološko značajnih čestica u zraku, i na temelju tih podataka, i određenih meteoroloških parametara prognoziraju njihovu pojavu u zraku.

Metode uzorkovanja u aerobiologiji
U povijesti aerobiologije, za uzorkovanje peluda i spora koristili su se razni uzorkivači koji su koristili različite metode uzorkovanja, tako da se metoda uzorkovanja alergogenih čestica  (pelud i spore) mijenjala tijekom povijesti od gravimetrijske do danas suvremene volumetrijske metode. Iako su analitičke metode koje se temelje na morfologiji peluda do danas ostale iste.

Hayd je prvi 1972. godine sumirao karakteristike koje mora imati uzorkivač alergogenih čestica.
 Jednostavnost konstrukcije
 Jednostavnost rukovanja
 Neovisnost o izvoru energije napajanja
 Efikasnost uzorkovanja
 Neovisnost o brzini vjetra
 Uzorkovanje svih čestica u zraku raspona veličine od 3-50 Pm
 Mogućnost dobivanja volumetrijskog rezultata
 Mogućnost dugotrajnog kontinuiranog uzorkovanja.
Aerobiološke metode koje se do danas primjenjuju, koriste dvije osnovne tehnike uzorkovanja gravimetrijsku i volumetrijsku metodu.

Volumetrijska metoda
Volumetrijska metoda je danas jedina priznata metoda u aerobiologiji i koristi se prema preporuci EAACI  (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) pododbora "Aerobiology and Environmental Aspects of Inhalant Allergens".

Uzorkovanje se vrši volumetrijskim sakupljačem spora i peludi s ugrađenom vakuum
pumpom protoka 10 l/min. Uređaj je prilagođen za prikupljanje čestica iz zraka poput spora ili
peludnih zrnaca. Postavlja se približno 15 m iznad tla, udaljen od visokih zgrada ili drugih prepreka.

Očitavanje se vrši brojanjem peludnih zrnaca pod mikroskopom pri povećanju od 400 puta. Obradom
dobivenih podataka utvrđuje se ukupna dnevna koncentracija i u kojem je razdoblju dana koncentracija peludnih zrnaca bila najveća.

Gravimetrijska metoda
Ovo je najjednostavnija metoda koja se temelji na taloženju čestica na horizontalnu
površinu namazanu nekim adhezivnim sredstvom. Obično je to predmetno stakalce postavljeno u kučište uzorkivača.
Nedostaci
Ovakav tip uzorkovanja ima više nedostataka.
 Prvi u prirodnom okolišu većina čestica ne istaložise u uzorkivaču zbog horizontalnih zračnih strujanja koja transportiraju čestice.
 Drugi, iz ovakvog uzorkovanja nije poznat volumen zraka, nemoguće je izračunati koncentraciju čestica koja se izražava brojem čestica u m3 zraka,
 Treći, uzorak peluda ili spora nije reprezentativan, jer je u uzorku najzastupljeniji pelud lokalnih biljaka koje se nalaze u blizini uzorkivača.

Ova metoda uzorkovanja zbog brojnih nedostataka u aerobiologiji više se ne koristi.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Ivana Hrga, Barbara Stjepanović,  Alergije - Aerobiologija, peludni kalendar i peludna prognoza Pliva, Zdravlje.
Biologija

Aerobiologija


İnegazili, Çorum ilinin Sungurlu ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1928 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 121 km, Sungurlu ilçe merkezine 41 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Sungurlu belde ve köyleri

İnegazili


Werner Freiherr von Mirbach (* 20. Juli 1878 in Kremitten, Ostpreußen; † 11. Oktober 1928 in Bad Nauheim) war ein deutscher Verwaltungsjurist und Politiker (DNVP).

Leben
Werner Frhr. v. Mirbach wurde als Sohn eines Rittergutsbesitzers geboren. Nach dem Abitur nahm er ein Studium der Rechtswissenschaft an der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen auf, das er mit dem Ersten Juristischen Staatsexamen beendete. Während seines Studiums schloss er sich 1899 dem Corps Saxonia Göttingen an. Er absolvierte das Referendariat an Gerichten. Von der Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen wurde er 1903 zum Dr. iur. promoviert. Nach den beiden Assessorexamen trat er 1907 in den preußischen Verwaltungsdienst. Als Regierungsassessor war er in Breslau und beim Oberpräsidenten in Königsberg i. Pr. tätig. Von Juli 1914 bis 1928 amtierte er als Landrat im Kreis Neidenburg. Dort bewährte er sich vor allem beim Wiederaufbau nach dem Einfall der Russen 1914 und 1920 bei der historischen Volksabstimmung im Abstimmungsgebiet Allenstein. Daneben war er Mitglied des Aufsichtsrates der Ostpreußischen Landgesellschaft. Nach der Novemberrevolution trat Mirbach in die Deutschnationale Volkspartei ein. Von 1919 bis 1928 saß er im Provinziallandtag der Provinz Ostpreußen. Im Dezember 1924 wurde er in den Preußischen Landtag gewählt, dem er bis zu seinem Tode angehörte.

Siehe auch
 Mirbach (Adelsgeschlecht)
 Ostpreußische Operation (1914)
 Ostpreußen#Ostpreußen im Ersten Weltkrieg

Einzelnachweise

Mitglied des Preußischen Landtags (Freistaat Preußen)
Mitglied des Provinziallandtages von Ostpreußen (Weimarer Republik)
Landrat (Kreis Neidenburg)
DNVP-Mitglied
Verwaltungsjurist
Werner
Freiherr
Corpsstudent (19. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1878
Gestorben 1928
Mann

Werner von Mirbach (Jurist)


විඝ්නහර්තා ගනේෂ් යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ 2017 අගෝස්තුවේ ඉන්දියාවේ සෝනි ටීවී නාළිකාව ඔස්සේ විකාශය ඇරඹි හින්දි පුරාණෝක්තිමය රූපවාහිනී වැඩසටහනකි. මෙම කතාමාලාව නිෂ්පාදනය කරන ලද්දේ අභිමන්‍යු සිං විසින් කොන්ටිලෝ පික්චර්ස් ප්‍රයිවට් ලිමිටඩ් (කොන්ටිලෝ එන්ටර්ටේන්මන්ට්) යන බැනරය යටතේ ය.

මෙම වැඩසටහන තුළින් හින්දු දෙවි ගනේෂ පිළිබඳ නොකී කථා රැසක් නිරූපණය වේ. මෙම වැඩසටහන දෙමළ බසින් හඬකවා විනායගර් යන තේමාව ඔස්සේ සන් ටීවී නාළිකාවෙන් 2017 ඔක්තෝබර් 9 දින සිට විකාශය අරඹන ලදී. මලයාලම් බසින් මහාගණපත්ලෙස නම්කළ මෙම කතාමාලාව සූර්යා ටීවී ඔස්සේ 2017 නොවැම්බර් 20 දින සිට විකාශය වේ.

මෙම වැඩසටහන රූගත කරන ලද්දේ වසායිහි ආටිසන් ඇන්ඩ් නිර්මාණ් ස්ටූඩියෝ හි දී ය.

චරිත නිරූපණය

ශිවගේ පවුල
 උසේර් බසාර්, ගනේෂ ලෙස
 ආකන්ක්ෂා පූරි, පාර්වතී ලෙස
 මල්ඛාන් සිං, ශිව ලෙස
 බසන්ත් භාට්, කාර්තිකේය ලෙස

විෂ්ණුගේ පවුල
 රාහුල් ෂර්මා / කුල්දීප් සිං, විෂ්ණු ලෙස
 අංශු මලික්, ලක්ෂ්මී ලෙස

බ්‍රහ්මගේ පවුල
 ප්‍රීතිකා චෞහාන්, සරස්වතී ලෙස
 දිග්විජයි පුරෝහිත්, බ්‍රහ්ම ලෙස
 ආනන්ද් ගොරාදියා, නාරද ලෙස

දෙවිවරු
 මීර් අලි, ඉන්ද්‍ර ලෙස
 විකාස් සල්ගෝත්‍රා, වායු ලෙස
 විරේන් සිං, සූර්‍ය ලෙස
 තුෂාර් චෞලා, වරුණ ලෙස
 ලාලා ටයිගර්, අග්නි ලෙස
 රියන්කා චන්දා, චන්ද්‍රගේ බිරිඳ/රෝහිනී දෙවඟන ලෙස
 ඓශ්වර්‍යා රාජ්, සන්ධ්‍යා ලෙස

අසුරයෝ
 චිරාග් ජානි, සින්ධුරා ලෙස
 රාජේශ් ඛේරා, මූෂිකාසුර ලෙස
 නිර්භයි වාධ්වා, මහීෂාසුර ලෙස
 විනීත් කාකර්, ගජ්මුඛාසුර්/අන්ධකාසුර් ලෙස

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

ඉන්දියානු පුරාණෝක්ති රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා
2017 ඉන්දියානු රූපවාහිනී කතාමාලා ඇරඹීම්
සෝනි එන්ටර්ටේන්මන්ට් ටෙලිවිෂන් කතාමාලා

විඝ්නහර්තා ගනේෂ


Die Thomson Developmental Road ist eine Fernverkehrsstraße im Zentrum des australischen Bundesstaates Queensland. Sie verläuft in Nordost-Südwest-Richtung und hat eine Länge von 319 km. Sie verbindet den Landsborough Highway in Longreach mit der Diamantina Developmental Road bei Windorah.

Verlauf
Die asphaltierte Straße verlässt Longreach in südwestlicher Richtung und begleitet den namensgebenden  Thomson River in ca. 25–30 km Abstand.

In Stonehenge erreicht die Thomson Developmental Road den Fluss und bei Jundah überquert sie ihn. Auf dem letzten Streckenabschnitt, kurz vor Galway Downs, ist ein ca. 20 km langes Straßenstück unbefestigt.

Ca. 10 km nordöstlich von Windorah trifft die Straße auf die Diamantina Developmental Road.

Literatur
Steve Parish: Australian Touring Atlas. Steve Parish Publishing. Archerfield QLD 2007. ISBN 978-1-74193-232-4. S. 17

Straße in Queensland
Straße in Australien und Ozeanien

Thomson Developmental Road


مذكرات الرائد طومسون أشهر ما كتب الروائي الفرنسي بيير دانينوس ، وقد نشر فصول هذا الكتاب عام 1954 كمقالات متتابعة في صحيفة لو فيغارو الباريسية، ثم ما لبث أن أصدرها في كتاب في السنة نفسها فنجح نجاحاً مذهلاً، وترجم إلى العديد من اللغات، كما بيع من طبعته الفرنسية وحدها في ذلك الوقت أكثر من أربعة ملايين نسخة، فضلاً عن تقديمه على المسرح وتحويله إلي فيلم سينمائي. وقد ترجمه إلى العربية ثروت عكاشة .

قصة الكتاب
 خشي دانينوس من غضب الجمهور الفرنسي عليه إذا توجه إلي سلوكياته بالنقد المباشر فابتكر شخصية الرائد طومسون وليام وزوّجه من امرأة فرنسية وجعله يعيش في باريس ثم وضع علي لسانه جميع الآراء الساخرة عن الحياة الاجتماعية الفرنسية.
 ذاعت شخصية طومسون حتى غطت على مبتكرها مما دفعه لإن يقول في كلمته أمام إحدى الجمعيات البريطانية التي استضافته " ما أشد حمقي حين استضفت إنجليزياً في كتابي، فإذا هو ينحّيني جانباً ليأخذ مكانه في الكتاب، وإذا أنا لا مكان لي فيه، حتى بتُ أتساءل عن دعوتكم: هل كانت لي أم للرائد طومسون؟! "

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أفلام أبيض وأسود فرنسية
أفلام إنتاج 1955
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 1950
أفلام باللغة الفرنسية في عقد 1950
أفلام تقع أحداثها في باريس
أفلام عن الزواج
أفلام فرنسية
أفلام فرنسية في عقد 1950
أفلام كتب نصها السينمائي بريستون ستورجس
أفلام كوميديا إنتاج عقد 1950
أفلام كوميدية 1955
أفلام كوميدية فرنسية
أفلام مبنية على روايات فرنسية
أفلام من إخراج بريستون ستورجس
روايات أنتجت سينمائيا
روايات فرنسية

مذكرات الرائد طومسون (كتاب)


Luce Caponegro (born 17 December 1966), also known by her stage name Selen, is an Italian actress, TV presenter, and former pornographic actress.

Early life
Caponegro's father was an Italian industrialist active in the petroleum industry. She attended courses in singing, classical dance, and horseback riding as a child. After leaving home and marrying at the age of 18, she lived in a commune without running water or heating until the age of 20. In addition to Italian, she also speaks French and English.

Career as a porn star
In her early twenties, she first ventured into the adult industry with her first amateur hardcore video "Orgia di natale" directed by Cesare Geromini.

Her breakthrough came in 1993 at the age of 27 when the director Alex Perry offered her a role in the film Signore scandalose di provincia. It is around this time she adopted the stage name Selen.

She has been called Italy's favorite porn star. She made appearances at the Hot D'Or pornographic festival in Cannes and Erotica in Turin and won 17 prizes during her career as a famous pornographic actress from 1993 to 1999.

Her last hardcore scenes were released in 2000 with the film Millennium. Although her last sex scene was filmed in 1999, she continued to appear afterward in films as clips were used in later hardcore films.

She has stated that she would not return to pornography in the future.

Directors
Selen starred in films by such well-known Italian porn directors including Mario Salieri, known for Dracula, Sceneggiata napoletana, Concetta Licata; Silvio Bandinelli, known for Il rosso e il nero, Cuore di pietra); and Joe D'Amato, known for Selvaggia, Sahara, Selen regina degli elefanti. She played the title role in Cindy, directed by Luca Damiano.

Mainstream career

Caponegro has given no international interviews and has had a number of small roles in films and mainstream television.

Caponegro has presented the music programme "Hot". She has made appearances in radio, hosting the show Lezioni di sesso (Sex Lessons). Caponegro has also participated in theatre and advertisements. In 2004, she starred in the reality show La Fattoria. She has also appeared in Maurizio Costanzo Show, Uno Mattina, Domenica In, I Fatti Vostri, and Omnibus.

Caponegro has attended the Palme D'Or film festival in Cannes as a mainstream actress; some of her films have been shown at the festival.

Caponegro had a small part in Asia Argento's film Scarlet Diva, which won a Williamsburg Brooklyn Film Festival Award for Best New Director.

Personal life
Caponegro has always lived in coastal Romagna. She has two sons, the first of whom, Kangi, was born in 1988 during her marriage with Fabio Albonetti, which has since ended in divorce. Her second son, Gabriele, was born in 2006 from her ex-partner Nicola Zanone. She is an animal-lover. In 2006, she graduated her school and expressed a desire to enroll at a university.

References

External links

1966 births
Living people
Italian pornographic film actresses
Italian film actresses
Participants in Italian reality television series

Selen (actress)


Hjemmefronten - fjenden bag hækken er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2010, der er instrueret af Phie Ambo.

Handling
Det fyger med skældsord, og det som kunne have været et godt naboskab mellem Ole og Flemming, har i 40 år været en hård krig om ligusterhækkens størrelse og tykkelse. Seerne oplever nabostridigheder på nærmeste hold, når hegnssynsmanden Mogens Peuliche er på arbejde i de nordsjællandske villakvarterer. Her kræver det en stor grad af diplomati fra Mogens' side, når han skal genskabe freden mellem stridende naboer.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2010

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Hjemmefronten - fjenden bag hækken


An Phacelurus digitatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni James Edward Smith, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach. An Phacelurus digitatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Phacelurus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Phacelurus

Phacelurus digitatus


Wobble or wobbles may refer to:

 "Wobble" (song), a single by V.I.C.
 "Wobble", a song by Flo Rida from his 2015 EP My House
 Wobbles (equine disorder), a disorder of the nervous system in dogs and horses
 Wobble base pair, a type of base pairing in genetics
 Chandler wobble, short-term periodic change in Earth's axial tilt
 Jah Wobble (born 1958), British musician
 Milankovitch wobble, long-term change in the Earth's axial tilt, axial precession and orbital eccentricity
 Speed wobble, a quick oscillation of primarily just the steerable wheel(s) of a vehicle
 A metasyntactic variable, commonly used alongside wibble, wubble, and flob

See also
 Wobbler (disambiguation)
 Weeble, several lines of children's roly-poly toys
 Doppler spectroscopy in astronomy, also known as the wobble method

Wobble


Tolkien fandom is an international, informal community of fans of the works of J. R. R. Tolkien, especially of the Middle-earth legendarium which includes The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings, and The Silmarillion. The concept of Tolkien fandom as a specific type of fan subculture sprang up in the United States in the 1960s, in the context of the hippie movement, to the dismay of the author (Tolkien died in 1973), who talked of  "my deplorable cultus".

A Tolkienist is someone who studies the work of J. R. R. Tolkien: this usually involves the study of the Elvish languages and "Tolkienology". A Ringer is a fan of The Lord of the Rings in general, and of Peter Jackson's live-action film trilogy in particular. Other terms for Tolkien fans include Tolkienite  or Tolkiendil.

History

Tolkien's The Hobbit, a children's book, was first published in 1937, and it proved popular. But The Lord of the Rings, first published in three volumes in 1954 and 1955, gave rise to fandom as a cultural phenomenon from the 1960s onwards.

Early fandom (1950s to 1973)

1950s

Tolkien fandom began within science fiction fandom soon after The Fellowship of the Ring was published in 1954. Tolkien was discussed in science fiction fanzines and amateur press association magazines ("apazines"), both as single essays like "No Monroe In Lothlorien!" in Eric Bentcliffe's Triode, and in extended threads of comment such as by Robert Lichtman in his Psi Phi. Tolkien-inspired costumes were worn at Worldcons from 1958. An organized Tolkien fandom organization called "The Fellowship of the Ring" came together in Pittcon, the 18th World Science Fiction Convention in Pittsburgh on 4 September 1960.  England's first Tolkien fanzine was Nazgul's Bane, produced by Cheslin. Many fanzines had little Tolkien content but Tolkien-inspired names such as Ancalagon, Glamdring, Lefnui, Mathom, Perian, Ringwraith, Shadowfax, and so on. Others had more meaningful Tolkien content. Ed Meskys' apazine Niekas turned into a full-fledged fanzine during this era. Pete Mansfield's Sword & Sorcery fanzine, Eldritch Dream Quest, included many Tolkien items.

1960s America

Foster (2006) attributes the surge of Tolkien fandom in the United States of the mid-1960s to a combination of the hippie subculture and anti-war movement pursuing "mellow freedom like that of the Shire" and "America's cultural Anglophilia" of the time, fuelled by a bootleg paperback version of The Lord of the Rings published by Ace Books followed up by an authorised edition by Ballantine Books.

The "hippie" following latched onto the book, giving its own spin to the work's interpretation, such as the Dark Lord Sauron representing the United States military draft during the Vietnam War, to the chagrin of the author who talked of a "deplorable cultus" and stated that "Many young Americans are involved in the stories in a way that I'm not" but who nevertheless admitted that "... even the nose of a very modest idol [...] cannot remain entirely untickled by the sweet smell of incense!" Fan attention became so intense that Tolkien had to take his phone number out of the public directory and eventually moved to Bournemouth on the south coast of England.

This embracing of the work by American 1960s counter-culture made it an easy target for mockery, as in Harvard Lampoon's parody Bored of the Rings, where Tom Bombadil becomes "Tim Benzedrine", and Bilbo Baggins becomes "Dildo Bugger". The Lord of the Rings gained a reputation as a dubious work of popular culture rather than "real literature", and postponing the emergence of academic Tolkien studies by some twenty years, to the late 1980s.

The Lord of the Rings acquired immense popularity in the emerging hacker culture from the mid-1960s, and the technological subcultures of scientists, engineers, and computer programmers, and flourishes there still. It figured as one of the major inspirations of the nascent video game industry and the evolution of fantasy role-playing games.

Many fantasy series written in the period were created by fans of The Lord of the Rings, such as the Shannara books by Terry Brooks.

Tolkien societies

Although there were active Tolkien enthusiasts within science fiction fandom from the mid-1950s, true organized Tolkien fandom only took off with the publication of the second hardcover edition and the paperbacks in the 1960s. Although there are numerous Tolkien societies in different countries today, they are not endorsed or even authorized by the Tolkien Estate.

The first recorded organized Tolkien fan group was "The Fellowship of the Ring", founded by Ted Johnstone. Their first annual meeting was held at Pittcon, the 1960 Worldcon. They published four issues of the fanzine i-Palantír before the organization disbanded; the first was published a month before the Pittcon meeting, dated August 1960. Articles on The Lord of the Rings appeared regularly in the 1960s science fiction fanzine Niekas, edited by Ed Meskys.

The Tolkien Society of America first met "in February, 1965, beside the statue of Alma Mater on the Columbia University campus," according to a 1967 New York Times interview with Richard Plotz, the Society's founder and first Thain. By 1967, Meskys had become Thain and the society boasted over 1,000 members, organized into local groups or smials, a pattern that would be followed by other Tolkien fan organizations. The society published a newsletter, Green Dragon, and The Tolkien Journal (edited by Plotz). In 1969, the society sponsored the first Tolkien Conference at Belknap College. The Tolkien Conference was not a science fiction convention but a scholarly event. The University of Wisconsin Tolkien and Fantasy Society was founded in 1966, and is best known for its journal Orcrist (1966–1977), edited by Richard C. West. Across the continent, Glen GoodKnight founded the Mythopoeic Society in California in 1967 for the study, discussion, and enjoyment of fantastic and mythic literature, especially the works of Tolkien and fellow-Inklings C. S. Lewis, and Charles Williams. The society held its first Mythcon conference in 1970, which featured readings, a costume competition, an art show, and other events typical of science fiction conventions of the day. The society's three current periodicals are Mythprint, a monthly bulletin; Mythlore, originally a fanzine and now a peer-reviewed journal that publishes scholarly articles on mythic and fantastic literature; and The Mythic Circle, a literary annual of original poetry and short stories (which replaced the Society's earlier publications Mythril and Mythellany). Alongside that was a monthly newsletter, Mythprint. Beyond Bree is the monthly newsletter of The American Mensa Tolkien Special Interest Group.

Orcrist and The Tolkien Journal published three joint issues (1969–1971). The Tolkien Journal and Mythlore published several joint issues in the later 1970s and eventually merged.

The Tolkien Society (UK) was founded in the United Kingdom in 1969, and remains active as a registered charity. The society has two regular publications, a bi-monthly bulletin of news and information, Amon Hen, and an annual journal, Mallorn, featuring critical articles and essays on Tolkien's work. They host several annual events, including a conference held at Oxford, Oxonmoot.

Both the UK Tolkien Society and the Mythopoeic Society are organized into "Special Interest Groups", focusing on one area such as languages, and into local or regional groups which meet on a regular basis. The journal Parma Eldalamberon, founded in 1971, is a publication of one such special interest group of the Mythopoeic Society.

There is a long tradition of organized Tolkien fandoms in Scandinavia. The Tolkien Society of Sweden was founded in Gothenburg in 1968 ("of Sweden" was added in 1969 to avoid confusion with the UK society) and The Tolkien Society Forodrim was founded in Sweden in 1972. Denmark has two Tolkien societies, Bri, the Danish Tolkien Society and Imladris, which is a virtual community only.

Some fans, known as Tolkien tourists, travel for the purpose of visiting Lord of the Rings and Tolkien-related sites.

1970s to 1980s

Isaac Asimov, who had read The Lord of the Rings three times by Tolkien's death in September 1973, wrote a Black Widowers short story as tribute to the fellow author. "Nothing Like Murder" (1974) mentions college students forming Tolkien societies at Columbia and elsewhere. Tolkien's son Christopher began the publication of posthumous material, beginning with the Silmarillion (1977) which was being prepared for publication by Tolkien but left unfinished at his death, followed by The History of Middle-earth series (1983 to 1996). J. R. R. Tolkien: A Biography (1977) and The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien (1981) provided biographical information. These publications provided the raw material for in-depth Tolkien research, pioneered by Tom Shippey's The Road to Middle-earth (1982).

Interest in The Lord of the Rings led to several attempts to adapt it for the film medium, most of which were largely unsuccessful. Filmmaker Ralph Bakshi succeeded in securing the rights to produce an animated feature film version, part one of what was originally planned as a two-part adaptation of the story. Bakshi produced the film using, among other animation techniques, rotoscoping, shooting a majority of the film in live-action first before transferring the live footage to animation. While the film had, and continues to have, a mixed critical reaction, it was a financial success, costing USD 8 million to produce, and grossing over USD 30 million at the box office. Despite this fact, United Artists, the film's original distributor, refused to fund a sequel, leaving the project incomplete.

1990s to 2000s

The 1990s saw the conclusion of The History of Middle-earth series. A series of minor texts by Tolkien were edited in journals such as  Parma Eldalamberon and Vinyar Tengwar, published by the Elvish Linguistic Fellowship since the early 1990s. In the 2000s, several encyclopedic projects have documented Tolkien's life and work in great detail, such as the J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia (2006) and the twin volumes The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion and The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide (2005, 2006). The dedicated journal Tolkien Studies has been appearing from 2004.

A "Tolkien Reading Day", held annually on 25 March, an anniversary of the fall of Barad-dûr, was proposed by Sean Kirst, a columnist at The Post-Standard in Syracuse, New York, and launched by the Tolkien Society in 2003.

Peter Jackson movies

The Lord of the Rings gained a much broader audience with the release of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy. These were released serially in three consecutive years, from December 2001 to December 2003. Since then, a large number of fans have arisen who have not read any of the books, and have been only exposed to Tolkien through the films and its merchandise.

Tolkien-related games, especially computer and video games have increased in number and in popularity. Popular culture references to Middle-earth have increased, as well as satires and parodies of it.

Online

Tolkien discussion took place in many newsgroups from the earliest days of Usenet. The Tolklang mailing list was started in 1990. The alt.fan.tolkien and rec.arts.books.tolkien newsgroups have been active since 1992 and 1993, respectively.

Notable points of contention in online discussions surround the origin of orcs, whether elves have pointy ears, whether balrogs have wings, and the nature of Tom Bombadil. Following the announcement of Jackson's movies (from 2001), online fandom became divided between "Revisionists" and "Purists" over controversy surrounding changes to the novel made for the movies, such as those made to the character of Arwen and the absence of Tom Bombadil.

TheOneRing.net (or TORn)

One of the most prominent fansites of Jackson's movies is TheOneRing.net, which was popular even with the cast and crew of the film. TORn, as it is called, was originally a small movie-news site that gained in prestige as movie-rumors became reality. The filmmakers put special effort into winning over the fans, not simply tolerating but actually actively supporting fansites for Ringers. The site was founded in 1999 by a group of Tolkien fans eager for the upcoming The Lord of the Rings film trilogy who were gathering information about the film. In 1998, Michael 'Xoanon' Regina and Erica 'Tehanu' Challis started a website using all of the information they could get related to the filming of The Lord of the Rings, including exclusive "spy" reports from Tehanu's visit to the New Zealand set. This activity first got her escorted off the set, and then invited back on to take an official look around and meet director Peter Jackson. In early 1999, a designer by the username of Calisuri came across the site and asked if they needed some design and technical help to grow the site and make it a central web location for other Tolkien fans. Calisuri's friend Corvar, who he was acquainted with from the Nightmare LPMud, was brought aboard to provide server and business help. Xoanon, Tehanu, Calisuri and Corvar then formed The One Ring, Inc. and are the sole owners/founders of TheOneRing.net.

The site is unique in that there was a mutual working relationship between the crew of TheOneRing.net and that of The Lord of the Rings films, and later The Hobbit films. This relationship enabled the site to bring its readers exclusive news from the set, as when Peter Jackson emailed TheOneRing.net in an effort to get his side heard when a lawsuit threatened his chance to film The Hobbit.

Events

Like other fan sites, members gather in small groups called moots, form personal friendships (even marriages), hold extended online discussions with archives, and so on. In 2003 Cold Spring Press released TORn's book The People's Guide to J.R.R. Tolkien. Written by five major contributors to TheOneRing.net, it includes essays ranging from a spirited defense of fantasy as a genre, discussions of Tolkien's views of good and evil, an examination of cultural norms, and more. The foreword by the Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey, author of The Road to Middle-earth and J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century, says: "The Internet, the experience of continually answering questions and receiving comments ... give the organizers of TheOneRing.net a perspective which is uniquely broad, and uniquely full of surprises, some of which would have pleased Tolkien very much, but which he could not have expected." This was followed by More People's Guide to J.R.R. Tolkien in 2004. Over 1,500 "Ringers" (Lord of the Rings fans) from around the world came to the TheOneRing.net Oscar party at the Hollywood, CA, American Legion on 28 February 2004. The event was attended by Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, Elijah Wood and many more of the cast and crew of The Lord of the Rings, several of whom skipped the official New Line party that evening. On 2 September 2004, eleven commemorative kauri trees were planted in Willowbank Park in Wellington, New Zealand, Peter Jackson's home town. The number eleven represented the nine members of the Fellowship of the Ring, plus one each for Peter Jackson and J. R. R. Tolkien. Coincidentally, eleven was the number of 2004 Oscars won by The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. Hundreds of TORn members contributed funds for the purchase of the trees as a tangible and lasting way to give thanks to Jackson and his team for their inspiring work. TheOneRing.net teamed up with Creation Entertainment to present The One Ring Celebration (ORC) in 2005, 2006, and 2007. Its sister convention, Eastern LOTR Fan Gathering (ELF), met in the eastern U.S. in 2005 and 2006. These conventions included panels and signings by members of the cast such as Elijah Wood, Sean Astin, Dominic Monaghan, Billy Boyd, and John Rhys-Davies. In November 2008 and December 2011, TheOneRing.net and Red Carpet Tours staged a cruise for 14 nights from Auckland, New Zealand to Sydney (the 2011 cruise was Sydney to Auckland), including several short excursions to visit locations used in the filming of The Lord of the Rings.

Other sites

TheOneRing.com (TORc), "The Home of Tolkien Online" is a Tolkien fan site that positions itself as catering more to the fans of Tolkien's literary works rather than Jackson's films. It was founded by Jonathan Watson, Ted Tschopp and David Mullich in April 1999. As of 2022, Watson has continued to run the website. The site was consulted by the Tolkien scholar Kris Swank for details of the etymology of the word lintips, which Tolkien used in his 1965 poem "Once Upon a Time".

The Encyclopedia of Arda provides a detailed online reference to Middle-earth, mirrored at GlyphWeb.

A fan edit of the theatrical cut of The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers exists, called The Two Towers: The Purist Edit. Most of the changes in 2007 were incorporated into The Lord of the Rings – The Purist Edition, a fan edit which turns the entire trilogy into an eight-hour film without most of the changes.

Tolkienology

Tolkienology is a term used by fans to describe the study of the works of J. R. R. Tolkien treating Middle-earth as a real ancient history, conducting research from an "in-universe" perspective. This differs from Tolkien studies in that it ignores the real-world history of composition by the author, and assumes an underlying internally consistent Middle-earth canon.

"Tolkienology" may include:

 Tolkienian linguistics: Study of the most complete languages Tolkien designed for Middle-earth, (usually Quenya and Sindarin), study of the writing systems, the most known being the Tengwar, and possible reconstruction for everyday use, including by the Elvish Linguistic Fellowship.
 debate on the "true" nature of Tom Bombadil, of balrogs etc. and debate on the "real" motivations of characters in the stories
 Genealogies of Hobbit families and kings
 The accuracy of Tolkien's calendars and how can they be used today
 Reconstruction of history (of Elven kingdoms, Arnor and Gondor, Rohan or the more unknown lands)
 Morality issues such as whether an omnipotent, omniscient and omnibenevolent Ilúvatar (God) would destroy Númenor, if the 'bad' Dunlendings had any right rivalling the 'good' Rohirrim and if Gondor committed genocides.
 Possible census of population about each race.
 Astronomic descriptions in the books (moon phases, positions of stars), and what can be inferred about Middle-earth geography from them.
 Strategies of wars and battles, if they were right and what alternatives might have been
 Possible folkloric impressions Hobbits had about places of the Shire and other whereabouts, determined by translating placenames.

Tolkiennymy

Tolkiennymy is a term coined by Tolkien scholar Mark T. Hooker to describe the study of Tolkien's use of names from existing languages. This branch of study examines the etymologies (origins) of names such as Bilbo, Boffin, and Tom Bombadil.

Fandom and Tolkienian linguistics

The studies of Tolkien's artistic languages (notably Quenya and Sindarin) is a field where fandom and scholarly Tolkien studies overlap. The resulting friction between scholarly students of the languages focussing on their conceptual evolution and fandom-oriented students taking an "in-universe" view became visible notably in the "Elfconners" controversy of the late 1990s, involving among others the linguists David Salo and Carl F. Hostetter, the editor of Vinyar Tengwar. There is a "reconstructionist" camp, which pursues the reconstruction of unattested Elvish forms, and a "philological" or "purist" camp which focusses entirely on the conscientious edition of such fragments as can be found in Tolkien's unpublished papers. By its nature, reconstructionism aims for a "canon" of "correct" standard Elvish (Neo-Eldarin), while the philological study of the evolution of Tolkien's conceptions cannot assume that the languages had ever reached a complete or internally consistent final form. The "reconstructionist" camp is represented by Salo, who translated the poems in the libretto by Fran Walsh and Philippa Boyens for the Music of The Lord of the Rings film series, creating additional words in languages including Sindarin where necessary, while the "purist" camp is represented by Hostetter.

By region

Dedicated Tolkien Societies provide platforms for a combination of fandom and academic literary study in several countries. The most notable societies in the English-speaking world are The Tolkien Society (UK) and the Mythopoeic Society (USA).

United Kingdom

The Tolkien Society was formed in 1969 as an educational charity in the UK, but has a worldwide membership. The society publishes a regular bulletin called Amon Hen, with articles, artwork and occasional fiction. The society has three regular UK gatherings: an Annual General Meeting and Dinner; a Seminar with a mix of serious and lighthearted talks; and the Oxonmoot, a regular September gathering organized by the British Tolkien Society.

Mallorn is an annual journal produced by and for members of The Tolkien Society. It consists of long articles studying aspects of Tolkien's work, plus some artwork. The name is a reference to the Mallorn tree and an illustration of such a tree appears on the front of each issue. In the past it was issued every autumn, but since 2003 has been released in mid-summer.

German-speaking Europe

The German translation of The Hobbit appeared in 1957 (translated by Walter Scherf), and that of The Lord of the Rings in 1972 (translated by Margaret Carroux and Ebba-Margareta von Freymann).

The Deutsche Tolkien Gesellschaft (DTG) is a German association dedicated to the study of the life and works of J. R. R. Tolkien. Founded in 1997, it is based in Cologne.
The DTG has more than 500 members (as of 2005) and is organized in a widespread network of local chapters. It is the main driving force of Tolkien reception in the German speaking countries (c.f. Honegger (2006); the first Swiss Tolkien Society (Eredain) was founded in 1986 and published the Aglared journal; it dissolved in 2006 and a second Swiss Tolkien Society (Seryn Ennor) was founded in 2014 and is based in Jenins; an Austrian Tolkien Society was founded in 2002). The DTG organized a seminar on Tolkien studies in Cologne in 2004, in Jena in 2005 and in Mainz in 2006. The conference proceedings are published in their Hither Shore yearbook.

Hungary

The Magyar Tolkien Társaság (Hungarian Tolkien Society) is a registered public benefit organization whose aim is to enhance public knowledge on the works and mythology created by J. R. R. Tolkien. Apart from organizing the Hungarian Tolkien aficionados into a community (choir, charity ball, creative workshops), the association has grown multifaceted since its foundation in 2002, it provides professional and technical editorial support for new publications, publishes the semiannual magazine Lassi Laurië featuring scholarly articles, interviews, and literary works, and it organizes numerous conferences, meetings and summer camps. In 2002, for its tenth anniversary, the society organized a joint conference with the Institute of English Studies of Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church in Hungary entitled "J. R. R. Tolkien: Fantasy and Ethics" and published a book of studies containing the papers presented. The Magyar Tolkien Társaság maintains relations with other tertiary institutions such as the Department of History and Philosophy of Science of Eötvös Loránd University, together with whom it regularly launches courses on Tolkienian subjects ("J. R. R. Tolkien – A 20th Century Mythology")

Slovakia

The main Slovak organization for fans of Tolkien's fiction is the non-profit civic association Spoločenstvo Tolkiena (The Fellowship of Tolkien), founded in 2002. Its main goal is to unite fans of Tolkien's works and discuss them, as well as discuss other related fantasy fiction by non-Tolkien authors. In the past, the association published its own irregular fanzine, dubbed Athelas. Other activities of the association include reenactment and live-action roleplaying, and between 2006 and 2019, serving as the co-founder and co-organiser of the annual Slovak fantasy fiction festival SlavCon (now run by its own dedicated association).

Nordic countries

Sweden

The Tolkien Society of Sweden was the first J. R. R. Tolkien society in Europe. It was started in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 1968 by members of Club Cosmos. They published the members' magazine Långbottenbladet. Originally it was just called "The Tolkien Society" but when the British society of the same name was created the members added "of Sweden" to its name.

The Tolkien Society Forodrim (Sindarin for "People of the North") was founded in Sweden in 1972 and is one of the oldest Tolkien fan organizations. The Forodrim was founded in a public toilet during a science fiction convention (possibly SF-Kongressen 1973) as a name change of Sam J Lundwall's Hyboria. Co-founders were Jörgen Peterzén and Anders Palm.

Denmark

In Denmark, Tolkien became well known in the 1970s and has considerably influenced Danish language fantasy literature since. In 1977, Queen Margrethe II of Denmark illustrated The Lord of the Rings. There are two Danish Tolkien societies; Bri, the Danish Tolkien Society, and the online Imladris community.

Norway

The Hobbit appeared in Norwegian translation in 1972 and The Lord of the Rings followed from 1973 to 1975 (Tiden Norsk Forlag). Both translations were harshly criticized for errors and inconsistencies and complaints resulted in a new translation of The Lord of the Rings, published in 1980/81. By the late 1980s, Tolkien's works were well known to the Norwegian public. A translation of the Silmarillion appeared in 1994. The unsatisfactory Hobbit translation was replaced only in 1997. By the mid-1990s, the popularity of Tolkien had risen to a level that made viable translations of his minor works.

Arthedain – The Tolkien Society of Norway was founded in Oslo in 1981.

Finland

The Finnish Tolkien Society Kontu (Suomen Tolkien-seura Kontu ry in Finnish) is a registered society based in Helsinki, Finland. The society was originally two different societies that unified at the beginning of 2012. The Finnish Tolkien Society (Suomen Tolkien seura) was founded on 3 January 1992 and Kontu Internet Community (Verkkoyhteisö Kontu ry) was founded on 19 December 2006. The main focus of the society is to improve knowledge of J. R. R. Tolkien and his works in Finland as well as to maintain the virtual community and thus the website the society originated from. The various parts of the website contain a discussion forum, a wiki and an IRC channel. KontuWiki has been credited in several Finnish Tolkien related publications since 2007. Every year the society awards the Kuvastaja-prize for the year's best Finnish Fantasy book. There is much smial-activity and the society organizes meetings and other events for Tolkien fans from all over the country.

Russia

Interest in Russia awoke soon after the publication of The Lord of the Rings in 1955, long before the first Russian translation.
A first effort at publication was made in the 1960s, but to comply with literary censorship in Soviet Russia, the work was considerably abridged and transformed. The ideological danger of the book was seen in the "hidden allegory 'of the conflict between the individualist West and the totalitarian, Communist East.'", while, ironically, Marxist readings in the west conversely identified Tolkien's anti-industrial ideas as presented in the Shire with primitive communism, in a struggle with the evil forces of technocratic capitalism. Russian translations of The Lord of the Rings were published only after the collapse of the Soviet Union, but then in great numbers, no less than ten official Russian translations appeared between 1990 and 2005. Tolkien fandom in Russia grew especially rapidly during the early 1990s at Moscow State University. Many unofficial and partly fragmentary translations are in circulation. The first translation appearing in print was that by Kistyakovskij and Muravyov (volume 1, published 1982).

Notable derivative works by Russian writers, which often takes the form of alternative accounts or informal sequels to Tolkien's published works, include The Last Ringbearer (Последний кольценосец) by Kirill Eskov, and The Black Book of Arda ("Чёрная Книга Арды"). One of the authors of The Black Book of Arda derived her pen name from Nienna, the Vala Lady of Mercy: according to Mark T. Hooker, the work proved so influential in Russia following its 1992 release that "Niennism" emerged as a term used to describe both a "distinctive literary turn and intellectual following". In contrast, Olga Chigirinskaya's Beyond the Dawn ("По ту сторону рассвета") preserves the original Tolkien's Catholic point of view and considers The Black Book of Arda as an example of Melcorian propaganda.

Japan

The Hobbit appeared in a Japanese translation in 1965 (Hobitto no Boken) and The Lord of the Rings from 1972 to 1975 (Yubiwa Monogatari), both translated by Teiji Seta (1916–1979), in 1992 revised by Seta's assistant Akiko Tanaka. In 1982, Tanaka translated the Silmarillion (Sirumariru no Monogatari).
Teiji Seta was an expert in classical Japanese literature and a haiku poet, and the Tolkien scholar  regards the Seta and Tanaka translations as "almost perfect".

Greece

The Hobbit and Lord of the Rings were published in Greek by Kedros during the 1970s, each by different translators. In the mid-90s Aiolos published Silmarillion and Unfinished Tales. In 2001, shortly before the release of the movies, the first Greek on-line community was formed in a promotional web site which in 2002 founded an official group of fans under the name The Prancing Pony. The group is unofficially divided in two 'smials', in Athens and Thessaloniki.

Bulgaria

The Bulgarian Tolkien Society was officially established in 1998 when the Bulgarian Tolkien Fan Club Rin Ennor was first registered as a non-profit non-governmental organization by a few students from the Sofia University. Apart from the larger communities in the big cities, the Bulgarian Tolkien Society has local clubs and groups.

Turkey

Interest in Turkey awoke to The Lord of the Rings in the late 1980s, long before the first Turkish translation. A translation of The Lord of the Rings into Turkish was published as Yüzüklerin Efendisi in 1997. After the release of the movies, other Tolkien-related books such as The Silmarillion were translated into Turkish.

Pakistan

Interest in Prof Tolkien's work developed in Pakistan soon after its earliest inception as a separate nation and has existed sporadically over the years. Interest grew manifold after the release and completion of the Lord of the Rings film trilogy and in 2003–04, the 'Lahore Tolkien Reading Group' was established there.

Italy

The Italian Tolkien Society (Società Tolkeniana Italiana - STI) was founded in February 1994, after a series of lectures about Tolkien's thought and works made in Italy in 1992 by the Tolkien Society archivist, Patricia Reynolds, on the centenary of Tolkien's birth. She stimulated the creation of the new Society, of which she became a godmother. Priscilla Tolkien also became an honorary partner. During the years the Society managed to grow enough to have hundreds of members and a lot of constant activities.
It publishes two six-monthly magazines (Terra di Mezzo and Minas Tirith) and organizes two competitions for narrative and images (The Silmaril Awards), from which various publications (such as the volume Frammenti della Terra di Mezzo, a collection of the best stories) are derived. In collaboration with Italian national publishers it also publishes illustrated calendars whose beauty been recognized not only in Italy but internationally as well, for example by HarperCollins (Tolkien's publishing house) that drawn some images from them for their book "Realms of Tolkien".
Every year, in September, usually on its first weekend, they organize the Hobbiton, a great three-days feast with conferences, meetings, debates, concerts, dances, costume re-enactments, film screenings, treasure hunts and other Middle-Earth realated activities. They also founded the Palantír publishing house.

In 2021, a pastry chef, Nicolas Gentile, bought a piece of land at Bucchianico in Abruzzo, and walked with friends in costume as the members of the Fellowship of the Ring to throw a ring into the crater of Mount Vesuvius. He has built a hobbit-style house and is seeking crowdfunding to build more. In his view, the people of the region "have always lived as hobbits" close to nature.

See also

 Tolkienmoot – a gaming convention
 Tolkien tourist – tourism related to Tolkien's books or Jackson's films
 Fantasy fandom – fan activity related to fantasy more generally

References

Sources

 Broadway, Cliff; Cordova, Carlene. Ringers: Lord of the Fans (2005 documentary; )

 Kohman, Catherine. Lembas for the Soul: How the Lord of the Rings Enriches Everyday Life (2005), .

External links
History
Interview with Richard Plotz, New York Times, 1967
Ed Mesky's Reminiscences of the early days of Tolkien fandom
University of Wisconsin Tolkien and Fantasy Society website with bibliography of Orcrist
Tolkien societies
Tolkien Brasil – Brazil
Elanor – Flanders, Belgium
Bri – Denmark
Deutsche Tolkien Gesellschaft – Germany
Società Tolkeniana Italiana – Italy
Unquendor – Netherlands
Arthedain – Norway
Forodrim – Stockholm, Sweden
Mithlond – Goteborg, Sweden
Seryn Ennor – Switzerland
The Tolkien Society – United Kingdom
The Mythopoeic Society site – United States
Esteldore – Colombia
Magyar Tolkien Társaság – Hungary
Spoločenstvo Tolkiena – Slovakia
Orta Dünya – Turkey
Meneltarma – Romania

Tolkien fandom


Peter John Walter Atyeo (født 7. februar 1932, død 8. juni 1993) var en engelsk fodboldspiller (angriber).

Atyeo spillede hele 15 sæsoner hos Bristol City. Han spillede næsten 600 ligakampe for klubben og scorede mere end 300 mål. Han havde desuden et kortvarigt ophold hos Portsmouth.

Atyeo spillede desuden seks kampe og scorede fem mål for Englands landshold. Hans debuterede i en venskabskamp mod Spanien 30. november 1955, hvor han scorede det ene mål i den engelske sejr på 4-1.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra England
Fodboldspillere fra Portsmouth F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Bristol City F.C.

John Atyeo


Das Mädchen mit den Schwefelhölzern (Originaltitel The Little Matchgirl) ist ein US-amerikanischer animierter Kurzfilm von Roger Allers aus dem Jahr 2006. Er beruht auf der Geschichte Das kleine Mädchen mit den Schwefelhölzern von Hans Christian Andersen.

Handlung
In den winterlich-verschneiten Straßen einer russischen Großstadt bietet ein kleines Mädchen Schwefelhölzer zum Verkauf an. Die Passanten ignorieren das Mädchen, das sich sogar auf einen Laternensockel stellt, um auf sich aufmerksam zu machen, doch wird es vom Laternenanzünder heruntergehoben. Das Mädchen zieht sich in einen Hinterhof zurück. Es friert, denn es hat nicht einmal richtige Schuhe an, und so entzündet es nach einigem Zögern eines der Schwefelhölzer. Beim Schein des Lichts stellt es sich einen Ofen vor und will sich an ihm wärmen, doch geht das Streichholz plötzlich aus. Das zweite entzündete Holz führt zu der Vorstellung einer reichgedeckten Tafel, das dritte schließlich zur Imagination einer Schlittenfahrt, die an einer herrschaftlichen Villa endet. Eine gutmütige alte Dame öffnet und sieht das Mädchen erfreut an. Als diese Vorstellung durch das abgebrannte Streichholz zu verschwinden droht, entzündet das Mädchen alle drei verbliebenen Streichhölzer. In seiner Fantasie umarmt es die großmütterliche Frau und eine Tür öffnet sich, die einen reichgeschmückten Weihnachtsbaum zeigt.

Die Lichter des Baums verwandeln sich in die Sterne des Himmels. Im Schnee liegt das erfrorene Mädchen. Der Geist der alten Frau erscheint und nimmt den Geist des Mädchens mit sich.

Produktion
The Little Matchgirl war ursprünglich als Segment von Fantasia 2006 geplant. Der Film, der in Anschluss an Fantasia 2000 entstehen sollte, wurde in der Form jedoch nie verwirklicht. Stattdessen erschienen die für den Film konzipierten Kurzanimationsfilme separat. The Little Matchgirl vereint traditionelle Animation mit computeranimierten Elementen. Der Film erlebte am 5. Juni 2006 auf dem Festival d'Animation Annecy seine Premiere. Zudem wurde er 2006 auf der Special-Edition-DVD von Arielle, die Meerjungfrau veröffentlicht.

Die Filmmusik von The Little Matchgirl ist Alexander Borodins Nocturne aus dem Zweiten Streichquartett in D-Dur, Opus 55.

Auszeichnungen
The Little Matchgirl wurde 2007 für einen Oscar in der Kategorie "Bester animierter Kurzfilm" nominiert, konnte sich jedoch nicht gegen The Danish Poet – Eine Liebesgeschichte durchsetzen. Bereits 1938 hatte mit The Little Match Girl ein themengleicher animierter Kurzfilm eine Oscarnominierung in derselben Kategorie erhalten.

Weblinks

 The Little Matchgirl auf bcdb.com

Filmtitel 2006
US-amerikanischer Film
Kurzfilm
Trickfilm
Hans-Christian-Andersen-Verfilmung

Das Mädchen mit den Schwefelhölzern (2006)


حادثة الاعتداء على الصامتة هي حادثة هجوم قامت بها القوات العراقية على مركز الصامتة الحدودي التابع للكويت، تبع الهجوم العراقي توغل القوات العراقية لمسافة ثلاثة كيلو مترات داخل الأراضي الكويتية. وكان ذلك في 20 آذار مارس 1973.

الموقع
يقع مركز الصامتة الحدودي في شمال الكويت على الحدود العراقية - الكويتية ويتميز بوجود مرتفعات منخفضة مما يجعله نقطة إستراتيجية لمراقبة الحدود. قال محمد الفيل في كتابه (الحدود: وجهة نظر جغرافية وجيوستراتيجية: الحدود العراقية الكويتية: الوجه الآخر لحرب الخليج المستمرة)«تقع الصامته حوالي الميلين في الجنوب الغربي للنهاية الشرقية للحدود البرية جنوب ميناء ام قصر».

أسباب الصراع
سمحت الكويت في أبريل من عام 1969 لبعض قطاعات الجيش العراقي بالتمركز في بعض الأراضي الكويتية للدفاع عن ميناء أم قصر ضد التهديدات الإيرانية في تلك الفترة، إلا أن العراق لم يقم بسحب قواته بعد زوال هذه التهديدات ممارساً أساليب الضغط المختلفة لاستمرار وجود هذه القوات، وقد مدّ سلاح الهندسة العراقي في عام 1972 طرق لإمداد القوات العراقية خلف المراكز الحدودية الكويتية، فطلبت الكويت في نوفمبر 1972 من سفيرها في بغداد مقابلة وزير الخارجية العراقي والطلب منه بوقف إنشاء الطريق كونه يعتبر تعدي للأراضي الكويتية.

تم وقف العمل في الطريق ولكنه سرعان ما استأنف العمل به، وفي 26 شباط فبراير 1973 زار وزير الخارجية الكويتي في تلك الفترة الشيخ صباح الأحمد الصباح وقابل في 28 شباط فبراير نائب الرئيس العراقي آنذاك صدام حسين حيث تمثلت مطالب الطرف العراقي في الحصول على جزيرتي وربة وبوبيان وهو ما لم يكن ممكناً إلا أن الكويت أبدت استعدادها في الدخول في مفاوضات مع العراق، لكي تسهل له استخدام الممرات المائية في شمال الخليج ولكن ذلك بعد الانتهاء من ترسيم الحدود.

الهجوم

في الساعة 3:00 من فجر يوم الثلاثاء 20 آذار مارس 1973 هاجمت القوات العراقية مركز الصامتة الحدودي وأطلقت قذائفها ونيران مدافعها الرشاشة باتجاهه، وقد كان في المركز 10 من قوات الشرطة الكويتية. وتبع ذلك هجوم بري للقوات العراقية للسيطرة على المركز. وإثر هذا الهجوم تم رفع درجة الاستنفار في الجيش الكويتي وتم تكليف قوة من المغاوير الكويتية بإعادة المركز وتم تحريك كتائب مدرعات صلاح الدين باتجاه المركز، وساندها طائرتان من نوع إنجلش إلكتريك لايتنغ. وإثر ذلك قامت القوات العراقية بالانسحاب من الأراضي الكويتية في نفس اليوم. وتم إعلان حالة الطوارئ في الكويت وإغلاق الحدود مع العراق وإغلاق مكتب وكالة الأنباء العراقية. وأصدرت وزارة الداخلية العراقية بياناً يتهم فيه الجيش الكويتي ببدء الهجوم وقيامه بقتل جنديين عراقيين.

البيان العسكري العراقي

أصدرت وزارة الداخلية العراقية بياناً في 20 آذار مارس الساعة 1:30 ظُهراً جاء فيه:
. قال الجغرافي العراقي محمد رشيد الفيل في كتابه (الحدود: وجهة نظر جغرافية وجيوستراتيجية : الحدود العراقية الكويتية) "كانت القوات العراقية قد تمركزت حتى الصامتة منذ عام 1969 كما بنت طريقاً أبعد نحو الجنوب وقد تركز نحو 3000 جندي في أراضي كويتية جنوب أم قصر في وقت حادث الصامتة، وكان أول حادث - مؤسف - منذ استقلال الكويت ولم يكن للكويت نقاط حدودية في الصامتة أو أم قصر في هذه المرحلة، وأدت الحادثة إلى مقتل حارسين للحدود، وكان رد فعل الكويت إصرارها على شرطين لحل النزاع، أ : انسحاب القوات العراقية من مركز الصامتة (الواقع داخل الحدود الكويتية) . ب : التوصل إلى تسوية نهائية للمشكلات الحدودية بين البلدين. وقد قامت الجامعة العربية من خلال أمينها العام في التخفيف من حدة الأزمة العراقية الكويتية آنذاك، ولم تكد تمضي سنتان بعد ذلك حتى اعترفت العراق باستقلال الكويت، كما اتفقت حكومتا البلدين على تبادل العلاقات الدبلوماسية بينهما".

انظر أيضا
 قائمة حروب الكويت

المراجع

 د.ظافر محمد العجمي. الاعتداء على الصامتة 20 مارس 1973م: دور الهاجس التاريخي في رسم نظرية الأمن الكويتية. جريدة الآن الإلكترونية. 21 مارس 2009
 الكويت وجوداً وحدوداً: الحقائق الموضوعية والإدعاءات العراقية. مركز البحوث والدراسات الكويتية. الكويت 1997
 تطور أزمة الحدود العراقية-الكويتية

العراق في 1973
الكويت في 1973
أحداث مارس 1973
أحداث مارس 1973 في آسيا
العلاقات العراقية الكويتية العسكرية
تاريخ العراق
معارك العراق
معارك الكويت
نزاعات في 1973

حادثة الصامتة