Tenterden is a town and civil parish in the Borough of Ashford in Kent, England. In 2021 the parish had a population of 8,186.

Geography
It is connected to Ashford and Maidstone by the A262 road, Rolvenden and Hastings by the A28 road.

The town stands on the edge of the Weald, overlooking the valley of the River Rother. It is a member of the Cinque Ports Confederation, but due to seismic changes to the southern coast over the centuries, Tenterden is no longer by the sea.

History

Early Origins
 In 791 AD the first historic recording of nearby New Romney, followed by an invasion in 892 AD by the Vikings who occupied the adjoining village of Appledore.

At an unknown date, Tenterden origins were as a mediaeval 'den', a clearing in the forest of Anderida (mainly oak, beech and chestnut trees) named by the Romans. It provided acorns and nuts for fattening pigs, prior to their autumn slaughter and salting.

Tenterden (Tenet-ware-den) is the nearest point in the Wealden forest to Thanet and had been appropriated by the Tenet-ware (the men of Thanet) as their 'den' or pig pasture in the early days of the Saxon settlement. The first known reference to the Tenet-ware is found in the Heronden Charter of 968.

By the end of the millennium, Tenterden consisted of a scattering collection of dens. It was not until the 12th century before the first official reference was made of the area which would become Tenterden.

11th Century
The Norman Conquest of England in 1066 brought significant changes to Tenterden and the surrounding region. William the Conqueror initiated a process of Norman influence and control.

Bishop Odo of Bayeux, a  half-brother of William the Conqueror, played a significant role in the Norman Conquest, commanding 100 ships for the invasion fleet. He became 2nd Earl of Kent and is believed to have owned estates in the area of Tenterden.

The Domesday Book of 1086 does not mention Tenterden, however, it does reference Benenden and Appledore.

12th Century
By the mid-twelfth century, sheep-breeding was well established in the Tenterden area particularly in the rich pasture lands to the south of the town and on Romney Marsh. Tenterden and the surrounding district found a ready market on the Continent for their wool, facilitated by the good transport along the navigable Rother River.

St Mildred's Church, which is believed to have been constructed in the late 12th century, played an essential role in the religious and social life of Tenterden. The church would have served as a focal point for the community, hosting religious services, ceremonies, and community gatherings.

13th Century
By the thirteenth century it had become one of the seven hundreds of the Weald and was first mentioned in 1241.

In 1272 three shops illicitly encroached on the King's Highway. The jury decided that these erections were not a nuisance to the highway and were permitted to remain on the payment of a rent of twelve horseshoes. Another encroachment of another seven shops is recorded and they were duly directed to pay a levy.

14th Century
The first record of dwellings in Tenterden can be found in a charter which mentions that it, as 'Heronden', began to grow from the 14th century around the strong local wool and cloth industry. Tenterden's prosperity increased with the draining of the Romney Marsh and the introduction of sheep to the area led to a boom in the wool trade, and Tenterden became one of the wealthiest towns in Kent. Unlike other such centres in the Weald it had the advantage of access to the sea and benefited from its position on the River Rother, which made it a convenient port for shipping goods docked at nearby Smallhythe.

15th Century
The 15th century was a golden age for Tenterden. The town was wealthy, prosperous, and strategically important.

In 1449, King Henry VI's Charter decreed Tenterden part of the Confederation of Cinque Ports Confederation (as a "limb" of Rye), to construct local ships using timber from the Wealden forests. These ships and men were supplied to fight against French raiders. In return the town gained legal privileges and exemption from national taxation through a charter granted by Henry VI.

The Town and Parish of Tenterden became incorporated as a HUNDRED and contained within its boundaries, part of the parish of Ebony and Reading Street. This hundred was anciently accounted one of the Seven Hundreds, and was within the jurisdiction of the justices of the country, on account of the impoverishment of the port and town of Rye Sussex. Tenterden was separated from the county of Kent, and the bailiff and hundred should contribute to Rye its quota of ships and men to the Crown to protect against French raiders. In return, the town gained legal privileges and exemption from national taxation through a charter granted by Henry VI. The growing importance of the town was reflected in the creation of a new Charter in 1600 and the installation of a mayor, in place of a bailiff.

16th Century
The English Reformation a religious movement that led to the establishment of the Church of England would have had a significant impact on Tenterden.

17th Century
The Civil War was a political conflict that pitted the supporters of King Charles I against those of Parliament, with Kent and specifically the Battle of Maidstone being a major part of those struggles. It is believed this had an adverse impact on Tenterden.

18th Century
By the 18th century the ports had silted up due to land uplifts in relation to the sea, whilst failed plans for a canal reflected the decline of the town's national prominence.

By the 1830s, its population was about 2000, its cattle markets flourished, and for most of the nineteenth century it remained "a small market town and a singularly bright spot" (Cobbett 1823).

19th Century
The 19th century was a time of great change for Tenterden. The town's economy grew by the growth of the agricultural industry in the region. Tenterden became a major market town for agricultural produce, and it also developed a number of industries that supported the agricultural sector.

The town was the administrative centre for the Hundred of Tenterden, and it was also home to a number of important businesses and institutions.

20th Century
In 1903, Tenterden Town railway station was opened, but later closed in 1954, but half of it reopened in 1974 as the Kent and East Sussex Railway. The route starts at Tenterden Town Station and finishes at Bodiam station, near Bodiam Castle. The main line track is planned to be extended to Robertsbridge (near Hastings) in East Sussex.

During WWII in July 1940 to October 1940 while the Battle of Britain raged overhead, on the ground Tenterden was suffering the consequences. Numerous bombs were dropped by the Luftwaffe over Tenterden, primarily to escape the RAF and to enable their safe return to Germany. These bombs were a mixture of incendiary and high explosive bombs. It is understood in 1944, before the invasion of France, troops from Canada, US, Australia, plus the Welsh Fusiliers were stationed in Tenterden with all their weapons and munitions. Such was their importance that Field marshal Bernard Montgomery addressed these troops on Tenterden's Recreation Ground.

Confederation of Cinque Ports

Origin
The Confederation of Cinque Ports have played an important part in defining the traditions of England's history and the town of Tenterden. The origin of the Confederation can be traced back to Saxon Times, when certain fishing ports in the south-east were given special privileges in return for ship service to the King. The Normans extended this practice to the ports of Hastings, Romney, Hythe, Dover and Sandwich, alongside two ancient towns, Winchelsea and Rye.

In 1041 Edward the Confessor had set out his requirement to the south coast Portsmen, which was to use 20 of their ships, each with a crew of 21, for 15 days of service annually. Under William the Conqueror, his Charter (written to them in old French), coined the term "Cinque Ports" (but pronounced 'sink' ports); stated his requirement was 57 ships for 15 days annually. The 1155 Charter from Henry III had the same obligations but expanded on their benefits. These ports worked together in providing a fleet of ships for the Crown and protecting the south coast of England. The ships were also used for a lucrative cross-channel trade.

A more specific Charter of 1229 numbered the ships to be separately provided by each of the Confederation's Ports and that of 1278 set out a magnificently designed Flag: the three fighting English Lionships. Rye was obligated for five ships in 1392 and provided these with help from Tenterden shipwrights. If the Crown used the ships and the crews for longer periods – then the costs and wages became at the Crown's expense instead. In addition to providing ships and crews for sea battles at home and abroad, Portsmen fought in the king's armies and there were other obligations. The last time a Cinque Ports fleet sailed into action was in 1596, in response to a threatened Spanish invasion.

These Confederation ports continually guarded the southern coast which included defending English fishing rights, and monarchs had to be ferried back and forth across the Channel on an interesting variety of missions. Further costs were incurred for maintaining the trappings of the Confederation, which Tenterden was always ready to dispute its annual share of Rye's costs. There were ways to redress these costs; the town's officials made the most of their 'expense accounts' payable by Rye: typically ferry fares, fish meals, with ale and wine from the local inn. Claimants included one Thomas Caxton, brother to the renowned printer William Caxton – reputedly born in Tenterden.

Lord Warden
The Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports remains the "Keeper of the Coast" and notable holders of the post have included the William Pitt the Younger,  Duke of Wellington, Sir Winston Churchill and Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. The Lord Warden is appointed by the sovereign, and since 1267 has also been Constable of Dover Castle.

In 1728, Lord Warden Lionel Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset, made Walmer Castle built in 1540 his official residence (at one stage Walmer was a Cinque port limb of Sandwich). He modernised and extended the castle accommodation previously used by the humble captain of the castle.  The poor old captain was booted out.  The Duke also enclosed what had previously been the captain's garden, and developed it. Originally, the castle was one of Henry VIII's so-called 'device forts', a network of artillery strongholds built to protect England against possible French invasion.

Tenterden Incorporation into the Confederation (1449)
 From 1300 – 1550 up to two hundred people lived at Smallhythe, the hamlet of Southern Tenterden was the thriving port with quays and a tidal dock surrounded by plentiful timber and iron supplies. It was one of the country's leading shipbuilding centre for much of the 15th and 16th centuries, constructing vessels for wars against the French. Repairs in the yard, and the breaking up of old ships were an important part of the work, as well as building small vessels for local merchants and fishing families. Another useful small port was situated at Reading Street. A ferry was needed to get across to Wittersham  on the Isle of Oxney.

By the 14th century some grand ships built at Tenterden were helping the people of Rye to fulfil their duties for the Cinque Ports. Unfortunately, Rye suffered a series of catastrophic events: the Black Death, raids by marauding French forces, the changing course of the River Rother and the harbour no longer being navigable. From Rye's tragedies grew the continuing good fortunes of Tenterden from its wool trade.

In 1449, King Henry VI, pressed Tenterden to join the Confederation as a limb of Rye, thereby providing Rye with much needed revenue as well as access to the shipbuilding facilities at Smallhythe. In return for Tenterden's support of Rye, the King granted Tenterden a Royal Charter which effectively gave the town self-government. In return, the members together had to fulfil all the duties needed to maintain a fighting, merchant navy. Tenterden's official "Seal" showed a masted ship bearing the arms of the Cinque Ports and the Petlesdens.

Coronation Tradition
In 1066, Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror defeated King Harold on Senlac Hill, seven miles from Hastings. At the end of the bloody, all-day battle, Harold was killed with an arrow shot in the eye. William was determined to be seen as the legitimate King of England. He set his sights on being crowned in the new Abbey Church that Edward the Confessor had built beside his Palace at Westminster.

For almost a thousand years, Westminster Abbey, with the Shrine of St Edward, King and Confessor, at its heart, has remained the place of coronation for our monarchs. William's Charter (written then in old French), coined the term "Cinque Ports" as at that time there were only five recognised ports. In return, William's requirement was for the annual provision of 57 ships for 15 days.

Cinque Port Mayors were first invited as Barons to coronations by King Richard I (known as the Lionheart) Coronation on the 3 September 1189 as King of England. Richard's coronation ceremony was remarkable as it was the start of contemporary accounts being recorded. From then, the Cinque Port Barons, by tradition, carried the canopy over the monarch as he or she walked to and from the coronation. Afterwards, the Barons normally gave a share of the canopy to Christ Church at Canterbury. Another tradition was for the Barons to sit on the immediate right hand of the King or Queen at the banquet that followed the ceremony. That was the cause of much of the brawling among those who wanted to be regarded as "first at the banquet."

The last time the canopies were borne by the Cinque Port Barons, was at the coronation of George IV where they apparently asked the king for the state treasury to pay for the colourful robes they wore. That request was swiftly rejected.

William IV, who reigned for only seven years, did not invite them nor did his successor Queen Victoria in 1837 who was not amused. Despite losing their privileges and not attending the coronations of William IV and Victoria, the barons fought to keep their right to attend and in 1901 this was granted. The Cinque Ports sent fourteen representatives to the coronation of Edward VII but no longer carried the canopy.

The medieval right to carry a Coronation Canopy over the newly crowned Monarch's head continues to this day, and is awarded to a "Baron of the Cinque Ports". Barons, including Tenterden's Mayor have been invited to all subsequent coronations since 1902, with the last coronation being for King Charles III on the 6th May 2023.

Tenterden Cinque Port Barons
 In 1902 the Tenterden Cinque Port Mayor was granted for the first time to attend the Coronation as Baron. This accolade went to Cllr Joseph Robert Dingle for King Edward VII's Coronation on the 9th August 1902. Since then, there have been four other Coronation Barons. These were:

Coronation Baron Edgar Howard for King George V held on the 22nd June 2011

Coronation Baron Joseph Macrae Dingle for King George VI held on the 12th May 1937

Coronation Baron Stanley Jesse Day for Queen Elizabeth II held on the 2nd June 1953

Coronation Baron John Seymour Crawford for King Charles III held on the 6th May 2023

In the 21st century the title Baron of the Cinque Ports is now reserved for Freemen elected by the Mayor, Jurats and Common Council of the Ports to attend a coronation and is solely honorary in nature.

Tenterden's Freeman
 Since 1960, Tenterden Town Council has bestowed on a number of its citizen's with the honorary title of Freeman (Freewoman). The Freedom itself carries no privilege and is purely an honour, reflecting the eminence of the person on whom it is conferred or as recognition of significant and valuable services rendered to the community by that person. The list of Freeman and Freewoman are:

1960 - Adams, E.A. (Mrs)

1960 - Chalk, L.

1988 - Roberts, H.V.

1991 - Cruttenden, R.J.

1993 - Goldsmith, N.D. (Mrs)

1997 - Champion, R.F.

2017 - Crawfurd, Raymond

2019 - Edwards, Henry H.O.

2021 - Greaves, Debbie (Mrs)

2022 - Kinlock, Colin

Local Government

In 1449 by means of the Cinque Ports Charter, Tenterden was legally separated from Kent and formally incorporated with Rye. To maintain the town's freedom, independent governors were appointed, i.e. a Bailiff, Jurats and Heraldic emblem of the Cinque Ports 13th Century Cinque Ports Ship Communalty. The first Bailiff (Mayor) was Thomas, a local member of the substantial Petlesden family; Jurats were councillors with legal powers in the town Court; the Communalty included the privileged classes of merchants and freemen only.

The town also enjoyed many privileges such as administering justice and it erected a set of gallows for the execution of criminals. This gruesome but popular event took place at Gallows Green with a main viewing platform for the general public. The last execution was in 1785.

In 1894, The Local Government Act set up Rural District Councils in England, and Tenterden was transitioned into a District. It became responsible for roadworks, general maintenance and housing for nine parishes. The Mayor's extra duty was as an ex officio "justice of the peace" until 1968 when the role was abolished.

After 525 years of Tenterden's local powers which helped shape the town's and surrounding villages' destiny, on 1 April 1974, Local Government Act of 1972 was implemented for England and Wales. The result was Tenterden District merging with the various Ashford districts and came under the control of Ashford Borough Council. At this time Tenterden Borough Council resolved to continue as a Town Council and continue to have a Mayor who is also the chair of the council. Ashford Borough Council as the district authority, became responsible for waste collection & recycling, street cleaning, licensing, planning, housing, environmental issues, cemeteries, parking, tourism and tax collection.

Essential services such as education, highways, transportation, social services and public safety then become the responsibility of Kent County Council.

At midnight on 31 March 1974, both the Tenterden Borough and Tenterden Rural District Councils had their last meetings before the new Ashford Borough Council took over administration for both areas.   The ceremonial Badge of Office of Tenterden Rural District Council was handed over to the newly formed Ashford Borough Council for safe keeping and it has remained on display, along with other historical artefacts, in the Parlour of the Mayor of Ashford in the Civic Centre in Tannery Lane.

After 48 years, on the 31st October 2022, "The Executive Leader of Ashford Borough Council" and "Worshipful the Mayor of Ashford" returned the Tenterden Rural District Council Chairman's Badge of Office back to Tenterden Town Council. The ribbon carries 9ct. gold bars, each engraved with past chairmen. The Badge is made in 9ct. gold, hallmarked Birmingham 1959. On the front in the centre, are a collection of nine parish emblems. From the top in clockwise direction the emblems are:

- Saxon Font - Newenden

- Oak Tree – Rolvenden

- Bishops Mitre – Stone-in-Oxney

- May Pole – Wittersham

- Windmill - Woodchurch

- Viking Ship – Appledore (Viking raids)

- Maids - Biddenden

- Domesday Book – High Halden

- Saxon stockade – Kenardington

Today, Tenterden Town Council is still based in the 18th century Tenterden Town Hall (on the High Street) and has continued to be very active council providing numerous services. The Council consists of 16 councillors representing four wards across the parish. They are supported by a full time Town Clerk, Deputy Town Clerk with support staff and groundsmen. The council is responsible for community services through the raising an annual precept, which is collected via Ashford Borough Council through its council tax rates. The council's primary services are managing and provision for advertising banners (recreation ground & town hall balcony); benches; children's play areas; emergency planning; markets & fairs; millennium garden; parks & open spaces; pavilion; public conveniences (Tenterden and St. Michaels); tennis courts; tourism; town planning; and war memorial. The Town Council is also responsible for the Town's Public Buildings such as 'The Pebbles' (which is home to the retail store 'White Stuff').

In the Town Hall is the Mayor's Parlour, which is licensed for the conduct of wedding, civil partnership, renewal of vows and baby naming ceremonies, and can accommodate up to forty-four guests. The Town Hall is also home to the Assembly Room, which can accommodate up to 150 people at a function and is also licensed for ceremonies (up to 140 guests). Both of these venues are available for hire.

The Town Council also has a statutory consultation role for a variety of matters related to Planning Applications and Public Rights of Way. The council's planning committee meets on a monthly basis to consider scrutinise each application on material merits and advise Ashford Council of its decision with the reasons why. Ashford Borough Council, have the power to make the final decision according to the current planning laws passed by parliament.

Tourist Attractions

Chapel Down
Chapel Down is one of England's leading wine producers with an award-winning range of sparkling and still wines. Based in Tenterden, in the heart of the Garden of England, they produce wines of the highest quality. The winery estate is open to the public for guided tours and experiences.

Colonel Stephens Railway Museum
The Museum is dedicated to Colonel Holman F Stephens (1868-1931), Promoter and Manager of Rural Light Railways and the builder and manager of the Kent & East Sussex Railway.  In his lifetime he built or managed some 16 light railways, ranging from the diminutive Rye & Camber Tramway on the Sussex coast, to the Shropshire and Montgomeryshire Railway in the Welsh Marches.

There is an extensive display of Colonel Stephens artefacts relating to the railways and his personal possessions. There is a photographic archive of over 3,000 images.

The Museum is open in the afternoon on the days when the Railway is operating. Free parking is available on site. Visit https://kesr.org.uk/introduction-to-the-museum/ for more details.

Kent & East Sussex Railway (K&ESR)
This was the quintessential Stephens' light railway and conceived as the Rother Valley Railway. It opened from Robertsbridge to Rolvenden station (then named Tenterden) in 1900 and subsequently on to Tenterden Town in 1903.

At the End of World War II,  the Transport Act 1947 took powers to acquire all railway undertakings and this spelt the end of the independent K&ESR and indeed its partial closure. The passenger railway finally came to an end on Saturday 2 January 1954 and the railway completely closed in 1961.

Later, an ambitious scheme to reopen the railway from Tenterden was proposed and in 1974 the first steam trains were able to run on a short section of line.

Today, the railway weaves a picturesque route from Tenterden to the rolling Weald countryside to the open tranquillity of the Rother Valley. The 10½ mile line terminates in the shadow of the National Trust's  Bodiam Castle. K&ESR is recognised as one of the most popular light railways in the country.

For all details of a family fun-packed diary of rides and events for the coming months, visit their website at https://kesr.org.uk/

Smallhythe Place
Smallhythe Place in Smallhythe near Tenterden in Kent, is a half-timbered house built in the late 15th or early 16th century and since 1947 cared for by the National Trust. It was the home of the Victorian actress Ellen Terry from 1899 to her death in the house on 17 July 1928. The house contains Ellen Terry's theatre collection, while the cottage grounds include her rose garden, orchard, nuttery and the working Barn Theatre.

St Mildred's Church
It is probable there was a Saxon church as early as 730 dedicated to St Mildred, a 7th-century princess who served as the abbess of the nunnery at Minister-in-Thanet.

The current church has stunning medieval architecture and dates from about the 12th century and is Grade I heritage listed.

The earliest surviving parts of the present church are the chancel, parts of the south chapel and the south arcade of the nave, all of thirteenth-century date. The north arcade appears to have been recased in the fourteenth century and the south aisle was extended to the east as a rebuilt chancel chapel. The great west tower, c. 33m high, was built of Bethersden marble between 1449 and 1495. Of four stages, it is topped by four octagonal corner turrets with bold crocketed pinnacles.

Internally, there is a visible 13th-century arcade in the chancel by Bodley, and stained glasswork behind the altar and stained glass on the windows on the sides of the church.  It has a crown-post roof with superb wagon ceiling.

In 1588 a beacon was suspended at the top of the tower as part of the Armada warning system. In the 1660s the church was re-roofed and in 1667 new bells were cast and the great bell re-cast to give a peal of six. A new clock was installed in the tower in 1654.

The tower of St Mildred's Church was a major landmark used for sightings as part of the Anglo-French Survey between 1784 and 1790, which measured the precise distance between the Royal Observatory, Greenwich and the Paris Observatory by a process of triangulation. From Tenterden sightings were made to Hollingbourne Hill to the north, Fairlight Hill to the south, Goudhurst Church to the west and Aldington Knoll to the east.

Today, a major project is underway to transform the church to meet the needs of the 21st century and continue to remain at the heart of the community. The church is open to visitors every day, and a brochure of the church's detailed history can be purchased by the South door.

Tenterden Family Fun Trail
FREE Family Fun Trail of Tenterden! Explore and discover Tenterden in fun filled ways for all ages and abilities. So many activities to participate in and unravel – do it all or just a little, it's your trail! There is even a piece of treasure to be had (a keepsake badge)! Pick up a copy in one of the many locations in Tenterden including the Town Hall, Tenterden Museum and the Kent and East Sussex Railway or download from: https://www.tenterdenhistory.co.uk/familyfuntrail

Tenterden Museum
The Museum was opened in 1976, run entirely by volunteers and is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the town.

It is an Arts Council accredited museum and a member of the Wheels of Time initiative with other Kent museums. It is housed in a two-storey weather-boarded building, one of the last representatives in Tenterden of a type of industrial building common in the area in the latter part of the 19th century.

The Museum maintains a very high standard of conservation and preservation of its unique collection. It provides a repository for artefacts connected with Tenterden and the surrounding district.

Your visit is enhanced by using their audio guide or accessing any of our interactive systems to gain further information on the exhibitions on display. There is also access to information in their digital archive, which features pictures about people, places and events.

The Museum has a small shop selling quality Tenterden souvenirs.  It also offers a selection of locally produced books relevant to the town and local history.

Visit their website at https://tenterdenmuseum.co.uk/our-rooms/

The High Street
The cosmopolitan tree-lined high street has many historic Georgian buildings as well as tall Victorian houses and tiny cottages, thus brick and stucco can be found alongside traditional Kent tile and weatherboard.

It is an important destination for a number of smaller towns and villages in the area. Side by side with larger national retailers, the high street is home to many small boutiques and antique shops, as well as craft shops, book shops, restaurants, cafés, public houses, a library, places of worship, various banks, offices and tourist accommodation. There is also a large Tesco which is accessible to pedestrians from the High Street (and by vehicles from Smallhythe Road), and a Waitrose store accessed by pedestrians from Sayers Lane (with vehicular access from Recreation Ground Road). The town is known for its shopping opportunities and is a magnet for visitors.

Local Events

Christmas Market and Late Night Shopping
The Tenterden Christmas Market is an annual event normally held over 3 days on the last weekend in November; Friday afternoon and evening, and all day Saturday and Sunday. It features Christmas lights, food, produce and craft stalls and entertainment.

May Fayre
The May Fayre is arranged by Tenterden Town Council and is held normally every year on the May Bank Holiday Monday on Tenterden Recreation Ground.

Tenterden Folk Festival
Tenterden Folk Festival is a four-day event held on the first weekend in October each year, and has been running for 29 years. A wide range of musicians take part in the event in a number of venues throughout the town, and there is a craft market in a large marquee on the recreation ground. A highlight of the event is the procession, held on the Saturday, featuring Morris Dancers from across the country. The next event will be Thursday 5th to Sunday 8 October 2023.

The Spirit of Tenterden Festival
An annual community festival in Tenterden supported by the Town Council and other organisations. The next festival is 30 June - 2 July 2023.

Tributes in the Park
Annual summer family event of tribute band music and refreshments held in St Michael's recreational ground Tenterden. Organised by St Michael's Community Group.

Leisure and Recreation

Homewood School Tenterden (School Site)
Homewood School was developed from the original Mansion Housebuilt in 1766 and today it is the main administrative building with a suite of management offices.

After some years as a military base in World War II, Homewood opened as a local secondary school when the owner, Lady Drury, made it available to Kent County Council following the post-war Government's decision that all children should have access to a secondary education.

The original school hall has now been redeveloped into The Sinden Theatre, a resource for all the local community, with a theatre terrace added in 2012 and a full refurbishment completed in 2021.

Today, Homewood is a non-selective school of mixed 11 – 18 age group, with Academy status with 2000 students including 350 in the Sixth Form.

Kiln Field Reserve & Wildlife
The nature reserve of 4.5 acres is a peaceful place to visit, with dipping platform to pond, trees, wild grasses and flowers. Located at Abbott Way, Kiln Field TN30 7BZ is located to the south east of Tenterden, to the south of Appledore Road B2080. It is only accessible by road through the housing estate leading to Abbott Way.

Millennium Garden
Owned and maintained by Tenterden Town Council. The entrance is behind White Stuff, via an alleyway to the left of the shop as you look at it from the High Street.

Smallhythe Cricket Club pitch, Smallhythe Road
The ground provides one cricket square. A small club based at the Pickhill pitch on Smallhythe Road. Well-used during cricket season.

St Michael's Recreation Ground
Owned and maintained by Tenterden Town Council. Recreation ground which provides informal recreation open space and includes a children's playground and a skate ramp.

Tenterden Cricket Club pitch, Smallhythe Road
The ground provides one cricket square. Has members of all ages and runs a number of junior and senior teams. The pitch is well-used during cricket season.

Tenterden Leisure Centre
Was opened in 1990 by Diana, Princess of Wales in 1990 and run by Ashford Borough Council. Freedom Leisure took over the operation of Tenterden Leisure Centre on 1 May 2023 from the previous operator, Serco.

It has a wide range of activities aimed for the whole family, including a swimming pool with slides and wave machine - overseen by qualified lifeguards. The centre also has a gym and sports hall with instructors and organised classes.

Tenterden Recreation Ground
Owned and maintained by Tenterden Town Council. Public space which provides a full-sized football pitch, two hard-surface tennis courts and a children's playground. The privately run Tenterden Bowls Club is located within an enclosed section of the ground and provides one green.

Education
Homewood School and Sixth Form Centre, a large secondary school catering for the Weald and south of Ashford Borough is in Tenterden.

Churches and chapels
There are two parish churches, as well as a number of other chapels and religious meeting spaces:

 St Mildred's (Anglican) is in the main part of the town. The church dates from the 12th century, and was progressively enlarged until 1461, when the distinctive tower was constructed. It was one of the churches in the 1588 system of warning beacons.
 St Michael and All Angels (Anglican). The suburb now called St Michael's was known as Boresisle until Victorian times, when a church dedicated to St Michael was built to serve this community. The church was consecrated in 1863, but construction of the steeple took a further 12 years.

Tenterden is blessed with a number of other churches, namely:
 St. John the Baptist (Anglican).
 St. Andrew's Catholic Church.
 Trinity Baptist Church.
 Zion Baptist Church.
 Jireh Chapel: Strict Baptist church.
 The Methodist Church.
 The Unitarian Chapel, originally called the Old Meeting House, was built c. 1695. A plaque on the wall records that Dr Benjamin Franklin worshipped here in 1783, where he was to hear Joseph Priestley preach.
 The Jehovah's Witness Kingdom Hall.

Buildings of Architectural Significance
Heronden Hall is a Grade II listed Gothic-style mansion, designed by William Donthorne in 1846 for William Whelan.

Public houses
Its large and/or old pubs are generally owned by Kentish breweries and are:
The Woolpack, next to the Town Hall,
The White Lion, the High Street
The Vine, the High Street
This Ancient Boro, East Cross, Tenterden,
The Print House, West Cross, Tenterden
The Crown, Ashford Road in St. Michaels
The Fat Ox at the corner of Ashford Road and Ox Lane in St. Michaels.

Local organisations

Chamber of Commerce
The Tenterden and District Chamber of Commerce, a limited company (TDCC Ltd), promotes and supports businesses in Tenterden and the surrounding area. The Chamber is a thriving organisation which holds regular networking meetings for members. At Christmas the Chamber place small Christmas trees over the shop doorways and windows of many businesses on the High Street. In October it supports the annual Folk Festival. In 2013 the Chamber of Commerce launched the 'I Love Tenterden' card – a loyalty card scheme whereby member businesses offer incentives for card holders to use their services; its main aim, to keep trade local to Tenterden. TDCC Ltd is not an accredited Chamber of Commerce, it is a private company limited by guarantee without share capital.

Horticultural society
Its Horticultural Society organises lectures and shows throughout the year in a number of locations around the town.

Kent Army Cadet Force – Tenterden Detachment
A Detachment of the Army Cadet Force is based on Appledore Road in the Town and training takes place on Monday and Wednesday evenings from 1930 - 2130hrs. The Detachment provides a Mayor's Cadet to accompany the Mayor on Civic Duties and also provides a Standard Bearer for the Tenterden Royal British Legion Branch.

Lions Club of Tenterden
Tenterden Lions Club was formed in 1958; its members serve the community by giving time to local needs and raising money for local, national and international good causes. In spring time each year the club plants crocus bulbs along the greens, and every December the club arranges for Father Christmas to travel around Tenterden and some of the local villages providing enjoyment, as well as collecting money to support various good causes.

National Trust
The National Trust holds regular lectures on a diverse range of subjects at the Junior School on Recreation Ground Road.

Rotary Club of Tenterden
The Rotary Club is very active, bringing together local business people in aid of a number of charitable causes. The club runs a number of events during the year. It meets twice a month.

Royal British Legion
The Royal British Legion branch in Tenterden has had great success in the annual poppy appeal, and is responsible, along with Tenterden Town Council, for the very moving (and well-attended) service at the War Memorial each year on Remembrance Sunday.

Tenterden & District History Society
The Society has monthly talks during the Winter season, outings in the Summer, and its Library is held at Tenterden Museum. Information can be found on the My Tenterden website.

Tenterden and District Residents Association
The TDRA aims to represent the wishes of its members on a broad range of subjects, allowing the voice of local residents to be heard on a number of platforms that might otherwise be out of reach.

Tenterden Operatic and Dramatic Society
The local amateur dramatic society is TODS, which was founded (in its current form) in 1958, following the merger of a number of different companies. The society puts on three productions each year, either in the Assembly Room at the Town Hall or at the Sinden Theatre, and is often recognised in the Kent Drama Association Full-Length Play Festival.

Weald of Kent Lodge
The local chapter of the East Kent Freemasons is the Weald of Kent Lodge, which undertakes a great deal of charitable work.

Women's Institute
The Women's Institute has two branches based in the town: Tenterden Glebe, and St. Michaels.

Emergency services

Police
Kent Police opened Tenterden Police Station in Oaks Road (on the outskirts of the town centre) in 1956, before replacing it with a smaller Front Counter in a retail unit on the High Street at the beginning of the 21st century. This in turn was closed in 2012, with the town's police force based entirely at Ashford Police Station.

Fire and Rescue
Kent Fire and Rescue Service has an on call fire engine based in St. Michaels.

Medical care
The National Health Service with Kent County Council operate West View Integrated Care Centre (known locally as West View Hospital), providing adult social care and health care on the same site. The hospital which is near the town centre provides residential care for 30 dementia patients and a rehabilitation service for 30 adult patients who need help before they return home after illness or injury. The hospital also provides inpatient and outpatient physiotherapy. There is no Accident & Emergency department at the hospital.  The nearest local Accident & Emergency department is at the William Harvey Hospital, in Willesborough near Ashford.

Ivy Court Surgery is a very busy NHS GP practice, offering a range of medical services and regular appointments. The Ivy Court Surgery building recently re-opened following a multimillion-pound new development providing a state of the art healthcare facility for Tenterden and the surrounding area. The old East Cross Clinic next door now houses the Coffee Shop at EC30, the Social Hub charity shop, a social prescribing centre, and a number of community wellbeing services with rooms to rent.

Notable residents
 Benn Barham, professional British golfer.
 William Caxton, thought to be the first English person to work as a printer and the first to introduce a printing press into England, is reputed to have been born in the town, with evidence also indicating that he was born in Hadlow.
 Edith Craig (daughter of Ellen Terry), actress, theatre director, producer, costume designer and early pioneer of women's suffrage, lived at Smallhythe Place.
 Nicki French, international singer/songwriter.
 David Frost, media personality and daytime TV game show host, was born at Kench Hill in Tenterden.
Marjorie Horatia Johnson, the great-great-granddaughter of Admiral Nelson, spent the last years of her life at Kench Hill, dying there in 1974.

 Kevin Godley (of 10cc and Godley & Creme) was the owner of Heronden Hall and Heronden Gatehouse.
 Gary Hume, artist, Royal Academician and Turner Prize nominee.
 Roderick Kedward, historian and specialist on Vichy France and the Resistance.
 Sholto Marcon, Olympic gold medallist in field hockey, was Vicar of Tenterden.
 John Parker (died 1564) who became a leading statesman and judge in Ireland, began life as a cloth-maker in Tenterden.
 Peter Richardson, the Worcestershire, Kent and England cricketer, lived in the town in later life.
 Sir Donald Sinden, the actor, lived in the area until his death in 2014, and the local theatre is named after him.
 Dame Ellen Terry, the actress, lived for many years at nearby Smallhythe Place (which is now National Trust).
 Samuel J. Tilden, who lost the US presidency by one vote in 1876, is descended from the Tilden family of Tenterden.
 Thomas Hinckley, (c. 1618–1706), Governor Plymouth Colonies 1680–1692.
   Thomas Haffenden One of the first yeoman of the guard 1460-1525

Sports
 Tenterden Town Football Club, established in 1889, is based at the Sports Pavilion on the southern half of the recreation ground, where it has played since formation.  After many seasons of varied fortunes, for the 2008/09 season it had two teams: the 1st XI competed in the Kent County League, and the Reserve XI competed in the Ashford & District Football League, both on a Saturday afternoon.  Tenterden's recreation ground hosts the annual Weald of Kent Charity Cup Final, which Tenterden Town Football Club itself has contested on a number of occasions, most recently during the 2000/01 season, when it lost 3–1 to Tyler Hill.
 Tenterden Tigers Junior Football Club, established in 1996.
 Tenterden Cricket Club, based on Smallhythe Road.
 The Tour de France raced through the town in July 2007, with an intermediate sprint taking place in Tenterden.
 Homewood Badminton Club was formed over 30 years ago for intermediate and advanced players. They play every Tuesday at the Tenterden Leisure Centre and participate in local leagues.
 Tenterden Golf Club is by the road Chalk Hill.
 1066 Archery Club is based on the outskirts of Tenterden at the Pickhill Business Centre.
 Tenterden Netball Club was established over 10 years ago for all players to join. 2 teams play in competitive leagues and the club is growing all the time. They welcome new members to training and can be found on a Thursday evening at homewood school courts.

Miscellaneous
Tenterden hit the national headlines in August 2013, when it was proclaimed to be the first town in Britain to put up its Christmas lights. The lights had been erected in a tree 115 days before Christmas to publicise the Chamber of Commerce's efforts to raise the funds to replace the previous Christmas lights, which had gone missing in 2012.

Tenterden High Street suffered a serious fire on 5 November 2013, affecting Webb's Cookware Store and neighbouring buildings Café Rouge and Waterstones.

Local media
Tenterden has one local commercial radio station, KMFM Ashford, which serves the entire borough of Ashford. There is also one local community radio station Radio Ashford. The town is also served by county wide stations BBC Radio Kent, Heart Kent and Gold. It lies within the BBC South East and ITV Meridian regions.

The local newspaper is the Kentish Express, published by the KM Group.

Twinning
Tenterden is twinned with the following places

 Avallon

Arms

References

External links

 Statistical civil parish overview – map
 My Tenterden website My Tenterden website listing businesses, shops, events, visitor attractions and a large number of photos including archive photos
 Smallhythe Place

Towns in Kent
Market towns in Kent
Civil parishes in Kent
Borough of Ashford
Cinque ports

Tenterden


Maycllyn Max Carreiro Ribeiro (Morrinhos, 18 de Março de 1991) é um Advogado e político brasileiro, filiado ao Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro. Foi vereador por Morrinhos   e Deputado Estadual por Goiás.

Trajetória Política
Maycllyn Carreiro despertou a vocação política no movimento estudantil, ainda quando cursava bacharelado em Direito na PUC-GO. Aos 21 anos se filiou no PDT, partido que disputou sua primeira eleição, em 2012, ao cargo de vereador na cidade de Morrinhos, embora tenha recebido uma votação expressiva não foi eleito, ficando como suplente.

Em 2015, após concluir o curso de Direito e ter sido aprovado no exame da OAB, Maycllyn Carreiro assumiu o comando do PRTB em Morrinhos para disputar as eleições no ano seguinte. Carreiro foi eleito o vereador mais jovem da história da cidade de Morrinhos, aos 25 anos, tendo recebido 506 votos (1,96% dos votos válidos).

No Legislativo morrinhense ocupou a presidência da principal comissão permanente da Casa, a Comissão de Constituição, Justiça e redação e se destacou pela atuação combativa e em defesa dos direitos dos cidadãos.

Em 2018, foi eleito para suplência de deputado estadual em Goiás com 9.303 votos (0,60% dos votos válidos) e assumiu o mandato na Assembleia Legislativa de Goiás por 121 dias, substituindo a licença por motivo de saúde do Deputado Estadual Júlio Pina.

Em 2022, disputou novamente uma vaga na Assembleia Legislativa de Goiás, obteve 14.219 votos e alcançou a suplência do PRTB.

Referências

Ligações externas
Página Oficial da Assembleia Legislativa de Goiás

Membros do Partido Renovador Trabalhista Brasileiro
Naturais de Morrinhos

Deputados estaduais de Goiás
Advogados de Goiás
Nascidos em 1991
Membros do Solidariedade (partido político)

Maycllyn Carreiro


Nizar Tawfiq Qabbani (, , ; 21 March 1923 – 30 April 1998) was a Syrian diplomat, poet, writer and publisher. He is considered to be Syria's National Poet. His poetic style combines simplicity and elegance in exploring themes of love, eroticism, religion, and Arab empowerment against foreign imperialism and local dictators. Qabbani is one of the most revered contemporary poets in the Arab world.

Biography

Early life

Nizar Qabbani was born in the Syrian capital of Damascus to a middle class merchant family. Qabbani was raised in Mi'thnah Al-Shahm, one of the neighborhoods of Old Damascus and studied at the National Scientific College School in Damascus between 1930 and 1941. The school was owned and run by his father's friend, Ahmad Munif al-Aidi. He later studied law at Damascus University, which was called Syrian University until 1958. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in law in 1945.

While a student in college he wrote his first collection of poems entitled The Brunette Told Me, which he published in 1942. It was a collection of romantic verses that made several startling references to a woman's body, sending shock waves throughout the conservative society in Damascus. To make it more acceptable, Qabbani showed it to Munir al-Ajlani, the minister of education who was also a friend of his father and a leading nationalist leader in Syria. Ajlani liked the poems and endorsed them by writing the preface for Nizar's first book.

Diplomatic career
After graduating from law school, Qabbani worked for the Syrian Foreign Ministry, serving as Consul or cultural attaché in several capital cities, including Beirut, Cairo, Istanbul, Madrid, and London. In 1959, when the United Arab Republic was formed, Qabbani was appointed Vice-Secretary of the UAR for its embassies in China. He wrote extensively during these years and his poems from China were some of his finest. He continued to work in diplomacy until he tendered his resignation in 1966.

Poetic influences
At the age of fifteen, Nizar Qabbani's sister died due to contested reasons. When asked whether he was a revolutionary, the poet answered: "Love in the Arab world is like a prisoner, and I want to set (it) free. I want to free the Arab soul, sense, and body with my poetry. The relationships between men and women in our society are not healthy."

In 1981, Nizar Qabbani's wife, Balqees, died in a bombing in Beirut, Lebanon, during the Lebanese civil war. The death of Balqees profoundly affected Qabbani's psychology and poetry. He expressed his grief in an exceptionally moving poem titled Balqees. Qabbani blamed all Arab regimes for her death.
Additionally, Qabbani used the death of his beloved Balqees to symbolize the death of Arab people in the Levant by their governments.
"Balqees:
I ask forgiveness.
Maybe your life was for mine, a sacrifice.
I know well that
your killers' aims
were to kill my words.
My beautiful, rest in peace.
After you, poetry will cease
and womanhood is out of place.
Generations of children flocks
Will keep asking about your long hair locks.
Generations of lovers
will read about you, the true instructor.
One day the Arabs will get it
that they killed the prophetess and the prophets."

The city of Damascus remained the most powerful muse in his poetry, most notably in the Jasmine Scent of Damascus. However, Qabbani expressed his love for all Arab citizens and cities from Mauritania extending to Iraq as one people connected by the same struggle and a rich past. In the second stanza of Umm al-Mu'tazz he said:
"Every Arab city is my mother,
Damascus, Beirut, Cairo, Baghdad, Khartoum,
Casablanca, Benghazi, Tunis, Amman, Riyadh,
Kuwait, Algiers, Abu Dhabi, and their sisters:
These are my family tree.
All of these cities brought me forth from their wombs, cave me to suck from their breasts.
And filled my pockets with grapes, figs and plums. All of them shook their date palms for me so that I could eat.
Opened their skies for me like a blue notebook so that I could write.
For this reason, I do not enter an Arab city without it calling me, "My son."
I do not knock on the gate of an Arab city without finding my
childhood bed waiting for me.
No Arab city bleeds without my bleeding with it."

Qabbani was a vocal opponent of colonial and imperial western projects in the Middle East. Additionally, Qabbani frequently criticized Arab leaders for their corruption, oppression, and hypocrisy most notably in his poem Sultan:
"O Sultan, my master, if my clothes are ripped and torn
It is because your dogs with claws are allowed to tear me
O Sultan!
Because I dare to approach your deaf walls,
because I tried to reveal my sadness and
tribulation,
I was beaten."

Personal life

Family
Qabbani had two sisters, Wisal and Haifa; he also had three brothers: Mu'taz, Rashid, and Sabah. The latter, Sabah Qabbani, was the most famous after Nizar, becoming director of Syrian radio and TV in 1960 and Syria's ambassador to the United States in the 1980s.

Nizar Qabbani's father, Tawfiq Qabbani, was Syrian while his mother was of Turkish descent. His father had a chocolate factory; he also helped support fighters resisting the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon and was imprisoned many times for his views, greatly affecting the upbringing of Nizar into a revolutionary in his own right. Qabbani's grandfather, Abu Khalil Qabbani, was one of the leading innovators in Arab dramatic literature.

The family name, Qabbani, is derived from Qabban () which means Steelyard balance.

Marriages
Nizar Qabbani married twice in his life. His first wife was his cousin Zahra Aqbiq; together they had a daughter, Hadba, and a son, Tawfiq. Tawfiq died due to a heart attack when he was 22 years old when he was in London. Qabbani eulogized his son in the famous poem "To the Legendary Damascene, Prince Tawfiq Qabbani". Zahra Aqbiq died in 2007. His daughter Hadba, born in 1947, was married twice, and lived in London until her death in April 2009.

His second marriage was to an Iraqi woman named Balqis al-Rawi, a schoolteacher he met at a poetry recital in Baghdad; she was killed in the 1981 Iraqi embassy bombing in Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War on 15 December 1981. Together they had a son, Omar, and a daughter, Zainab. After the death of Balqis, Qabbani did not marry again.

Late life and death
After the death of Balqis, Qabbani left Beirut. He was moving between Geneva and Paris, eventually settling in London, where he spent the last 15 years of his life.  In exile, Qabbani continued to write poems and raise controversies and arguments. Notable and controversial poems from this period in his life include When Will They Announce the Death of Arabs? and Runners.
At the age of 75, Nizar Qabbani died in London on 30 April 1998 of a heart attack.
In his will, which he wrote in his hospital bed in London, Nizar Qabbani wrote that he wished to be buried in Damascus, which he described in his will as "the womb that taught me poetry, taught me creativity and granted me the alphabet of Jasmine." The great Arab poet was mourned by Arabs all over the world, with international news broadcasts highlighting his illustrious literary career.

Awards and tributes
 1992–1993 Al Owais Award for Cultural & Scientific Achievements.
 On 21 March 2016, Google celebrated his 93rd birthday with a Google Doodle.

Bibliography

Poetry
Qabbani began writing poetry when he was 16 years old; at his own expense, Qabbani published his first book of poems, entitled The Brunette Told Me , while he was a law student at the University of Damascus in 1944.

Over the course of a half-century, Qabbani wrote 34 other books of poetry, including:

Childhood of a Breast (1948)
Samba (1949)
You Are Mine (1950)
Poems (1956)
My Beloved (1961)
Drawing with Words (1966)
Diary of an Indifferent Woman (1968)
Savage Poems (1970)
Book of Love (1970)
100 Love Letters (1970)
Poems Against The Law (1972)
I Love You, and the Rest is to Come (1978)
To Beirut the Feminine, With My Love (1978)
May You Be My Love For Another Year (1978)
I Testify That There Is No Woman But you (1979)
Secret Diaries of Baheyya the Egyptian (1979)
I Write the History of Woman Like So (1981)
The Lover's Dictionary (1981)
A Poem For Balqis (1982)
Love Does Not Stop at Red Lights (1985)
Insane Poems (1985)
Poems Inciting Anger (1986)
Love Shall Remain My Lord (1987)
The Trilogy of the Children of the Stones (1988)
Secret Papers of a Karmathian Lover (1988)
Biography of an Arab Executioner (1988)
I Married You, Liberty! (1988)
A Match in My Hand , And Your Petty Paper Nations (1989)
No Victor Other Than Love (1989)
Do You Hear the Cry of My Sadness? (1991)
Marginal Notes on the Book of Defeat (1991)
I'm One Man and You are a Tribe of Women (1992)
Fifty Years of Praising Women (1994)
Nizarian Variations of Arabic Maqam of Love  (1995)
Alphabet of Jasmine (1998)

Other works
He also composed many works of prose, such as My Story with Poetry , What Poetry Is , and Words Know Anger , On Poetry, Sex, and Revolution , Poetry is a Green Lantern ,  Birds Don't Require a Visa , I Played Perfectly and Here are my Keys  and The Woman in My Poetry and My Life , as well as one play named Republic of Madness Previously Lebanon  and lyrics of many famous songs of celebrated Arab singers, including:
Mohammed Abdel Wahab (Ayazon: does he think?)
Abdel Halim Hafez (Qareat Alfinjan: The cup reader)
Fairuz (La Tasaalouny: Don't Ask Me)
Kadhim Al-Sahir (Madrasat Alhob: School of Love)
Umm Kulthum (Alan Endi Bondoqyah: Now I Have Rifle)
Latifa (Talomony Aldunia: The universe blames me)
Majida El Roumi (Beirut Sit Aldunia: Lady of universe Beirut)
Asalah (Egdhab kama Tashaa: Get angry as you may)
Najat Al Saghira (Matha Aqool Laho?: What shall I say to him?)
Nancy Ajram (Ila Beirut aluntha: To the feminine Beirut )

And his verses would remain popular after his death, and put to song by Arab pop-music stars such as Kazem al-Saher and Latifa. However, such songs were introduced after filtering the original poems.

Other languages
Many of Qabbani's poems have also been translated into English and other foreign languages, both individually and as collections of selected works. Some of these collections include:

English
"On Entering the Sea" (1998)
"Arabian Love Poems" (1998), translated by Bassam Frangieh and Clementina R. Brown
"Republic of Love" (2002), translated by Nayef al-Kalali
"Journal of An Indifferent Woman" (2015), translated by George Nicolas El-Hage, PhD

Italian
"Poesie", a cura di G. Canova, M.A. De Luca, P. Minganti, A. Pellitteri, Istituto per l'Oriente, Roma 1976.
"Il fiammifero è in mano mia e le vostre piccole nazioni sono di carta e altri versi", a cura di V. Colombo, San Marco dei Giustiniani, Genova 2001.
"Il libro dell'amore", traduzione di M. Avino, in Antologia della letteratura araba contemporanea. Dalla nahda a oggi, a cura di M. Avino, I. Camera d'Afflitto, Alma Salem, Carocci, Roma 2015, pp. 116–117.
"Le mie poesie più belle", traduzione dall'arabo a cura di N. Salameh e S. Moresi, postfazione di P. Caridi, Jouvence, Milano 2016.

Nepali
Many of Qabbani's poems have been translated into Nepali by Suman Pokhrel, and are collected in an anthology tilled Manpareka Kehi Kavita.

Hindi
Many of Qabbani's poems are translated into Hindi by Siddheshwar Singh, Arpana Manoj, Manoj Patel, Rinu Talwar and other translators.

Russian
Evgeniy Dyakonov wrote his PhD thesis on the translation of Nizar Qabbani's poetry into Russian; Dyakonov's translations were published by Biblos Consulting, Moscow, in 2007.

See also
 List of Arabic-language poets

References

External links

Nizar Qabbani's books
English Translation for some poems of Nizar Qabbani
Nizar Qabbani poems in Arabic
English translations of Nizar Qabbani poems
Qabbani in English at Poems Found in Translation
English translations of selected Qabbani works
Thoughts Inspired by PBS's Two-Sentence Report on The Death of Syrian Poet Nizar Qabbani By Salman M. Hilmy, Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, October/November 1998, pages 74–76
 Nizar Qabbani Poems on ArabAdab.net
 Nizar Qabbani Poems in The Other Voices International Project
 English translations of Qabbani's poems I Decided, At Zero and I wrote on the wind.
 English translation of Marginal Notes on the Book of Defeat
NYT article about Dec 1981 bomb attack on Iraqi Embassy in Beirut: https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/16/world/bomb-wrecks-iraqi-embassy-in-beirut.html

1923 births
1998 deaths
20th-century publishers (people)
Damascus University alumni
Feminist writers
Proponents of Islamic feminism
Male feminists
Arabic poetry
Muslim poets
People from Damascus
Syrian diplomats
Syrian feminists
Syrian Muslims
Syrian poets
20th-century Syrian poets
Syrian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Qabbani family
Syrian expatriates in Lebanon
Syrian expatriates in Egypt
Syrian expatriates in Spain
Syrian people of Turkish descent

Nizar Qabbani


Difenbahija (lat. Dieffenbachia), rod otrovnih trajnica iz porodice Araceae. Predstavljaju ga 57 priznatih vrsta koje su raširene u tropskim krjevima Amerike, od Kariba i Meksika, na jug do Argentine. Rod je dobio ime po J. Dieffenbachu (1796 – 1863. godine), vrtlaru koji je radio u Bečkom botaničkom vrtu.

Neke vrste često se uzgajaju kao sobno cvijeće, ali kako je izuzetno otrovna, prilikom rada oko nje potrebno je nositi rukavice. Difenbahija sadrži velike količine kalcijum oksalata i može izazvati crvenilo, svrab, oticanje tkiva, oticanje jezika, smetnje u govoru, a u slučaju da se pojede komadić lista, izaziva smrt, a takvi slučajevi su zabilježeni.

Karakteristično im je što im je lišće duguljasto i ovalno, a boja im je zelena s bijelim šarama.

Vrste

 Dieffenbachia aglaonematifolia Engl.
 Dieffenbachia antioquensis Linden ex Rafarin
 Dieffenbachia aurantiaca Engl.
 Dieffenbachia beachiana Croat & Grayum
 Dieffenbachia bowmanni H.J.Veitch
 Dieffenbachia brittonii Engl.
 Dieffenbachia burgeri Croat & Grayum
 Dieffenbachia cannifolia Engl.
 Dieffenbachia concinna Croat & Grayum
 Dieffenbachia copensis Croat
 Dieffenbachia cordata Engl.
 Dieffenbachia costata Klotzsch ex Schott
 Dieffenbachia crebripistillata Croat
 Dieffenbachia daguensis Engl.
 Dieffenbachia davidsei Croat & Grayum
 Dieffenbachia duidae (Steyerm.) G.S.Bunting
 Dieffenbachia elegans A.M.E.Jonker & Jonker
 Dieffenbachia enderi Engl.
 Dieffenbachia fortunensis Croat
 Dieffenbachia fosteri Croat
 Dieffenbachia fournieri N.E.Br.
 Dieffenbachia galdamesiae Croat
 Dieffenbachia gracilis Huber
 Dieffenbachia grayumiana Croat
 Dieffenbachia hammelii Croat & Grayum
 Dieffenbachia herthae Diels
 Dieffenbachia horichii Croat & Grayum
 Dieffenbachia humilis Poepp.
 Dieffenbachia imperialis Linden & André
 Dieffenbachia isthmia Croat
 Dieffenbachia killipii Croat
 Dieffenbachia lancifolia Linden & André
 Dieffenbachia leopoldii W.Bull
 Dieffenbachia longispatha Engl. & K.Krause
 Dieffenbachia lutheri Croat
 Dieffenbachia macrophylla Poepp.
 Dieffenbachia meleagris L.Linden & Rodigas
 Dieffenbachia nitidipetiolata Croat & Grayum
 Dieffenbachia obliqua Poepp.
 Dieffenbachia obscurinervia Croat
 Dieffenbachia oerstedii Schott
 Dieffenbachia olbia L.Linden & Rodigas
 Dieffenbachia paludicola N.E.Br. ex Gleason
 Dieffenbachia panamensis Croat
 Dieffenbachia parlatorei Linden & André
 Dieffenbachia parvifolia Engl.
 Dieffenbachia pittieri Engl. & K.Krause
 Dieffenbachia rodriguezii Croat & O.Ortiz
 Dieffenbachia seguine (Jacq.) Schott
 Dieffenbachia shuttleworthii W.Bull ex T.Moore & Mast.
 Dieffenbachia standleyi Croat
 Dieffenbachia tonduzii Croat & Grayum
 Dieffenbachia weberbaueri Engl.
 Dieffenbachia weirii J.J.Veitch
 Dieffenbachia wendlandii Schott
 Dieffenbachia williamsii Croat
 Dieffenbachia wurdackii Croat

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Spathicarpeae

Difenbahija


An Setaria perrieri in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Aimée Antoinette Camus. An Setaria perrieri in nahilalakip ha genus nga Setaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Setaria

Setaria perrieri


Quartz Compositor est un serveur d'affichage (et en même temps le gestionnaire de fenêtres de composition) dans macOS. Il est responsable de la présentation et de la maintenance des graphiques rendus rastérisés du reste du framework Core Graphics et d'autres moteurs de rendu de la famille Quartz.

Aperçu
La sortie bitmap de Quartz Compositor du Quartz 2D, OpenGL, Core Image, QuickTime ou d'autres processus est écrite dans un emplacement mémoire spécifique ou dans un magasin de soutien . Le compositeur lit ensuite les données des mémoires de sauvegarde et les assemble en une seule image pour l'affichage, écrivant cette image dans la mémoire tampon de trame de la carte graphique. Quartz Compositor accepte uniquement les données raster et est le seul processus qui peut accéder directement au tampon d'image graphique.

Lors de la gestion des fenêtres individuelles, Quartz Compositor accepte une image bitmap (matricielle) du contenu de la fenêtre à partir de son moteur de rendu, ainsi que sa position. Le choix du moteur de rendu dépend de l'application individuelle, bien que la plupart des utilisateurs utilisent Quartz 2D. Quartz Compositor agit alors comme une "table de mixage visuelle", en ajoutant la fenêtre donnée à l'ensemble de la scène pour l'affichage.

Dans son rôle de gestionnaire de fenêtres, Quartz Compositor dispose aussi d'une file d'attente d'événements qui reçoit des événements, tels que des frappes de touches et des clics de souris. Quartz Compositor prend les événements de la file d'attente, détermine quel processus possède la fenêtre où l'événement s'est produit et transmet l'événement au processus.

Quartz Extrême
Mac OS X v10.2 par Apple a introduit Quartz Extreme : accélération du processeur graphique (GPU) pour Quartz Compositeur. Avec Quartz Extreme, beaucoup moins de cycles d'unité centrale (CPU) sont nécessaires pour la composition de la scène. Plutôt, Quartz Compositeur encapsule chaque magasin de support rendu dans une carte de texture ou une surface OpenGL. Il ordonne ensuite au GPU de composer les surfaces et les cartes pour fournir l'image finale, qui est délivrée au frame buffer.

Quartz Extreme n'utilise que des commandes OpenGL et nécessite une carte graphique connectée à un Port AGP 2X ou plus rapide (y compris AGP 4X, 8X et PCI Express ), prenant en charge les textures et les cartes de taille arbitraire, car de nombreux moteurs de rendu n'ont aucune limitation de taille ( Quartz 2D par exemple). Dans Mac OS X v10.4, il est automatiquement activé sur les systèmes Mac avec l'un des types de cartes graphiques suivants:

 AMD (ATI) Radeon, basé sur AGP, 16 Mo de VRAM minimum, ou plus récent
 NVIDIA GeForce2 MX, 16 Mo de VRAM minimum, ou plus récent

Depuis OS X El Capitan, Quartz Extreme est activé sur tous les Mac pris en charge.

QuartzGL
QuartzGL (appelé Quartz 2D Extreme lorsqu'il a été introduit dans Mac OS X Tiger ) est l'accélération GPU pour Quartz 2D API. Avec QuartzGL activé, toutes les commandes de dessin Quartz sont traduites en commandes OpenGL et exécutées sur le GPU. Cela diffère de Quartz Extreme, qui exécute toujours les commandes de dessin Quartz sur le CPU mais effectue la composition finale à l'aide du GPU.

Depuis OS X Mountain Lion, QuartzGL n'est toujours pas activé par défaut. Cependant, il est possible de l'activer à l'aide de l'application Quartz Debug incluse dans les outils de développement Apple . QuartzGL sera à nouveau désactivé lorsque vous quitterez l'utilitaire Quartz Debug. Une solution de contournement consiste à forcer la fermeture de l'application Quartz Debug, ce qui laissera QuartzGL activé à l'échelle du système.

Toutes les cartes graphiques qui est capables de prendre en charge Core Image fonctionneront aussi avec QuartzGL.

Articles connexes

 Quartz
 Gestionnaire de fenêtre de composition
 X11
 Wayland
 DXGI
 Gestionnaire de fenêtres de bureau

Notes et références

Liens externes

L'environnement graphique et fenêtré - à partir de la documentation Mac OS X d'Apple (En Anglais, Archivé)
 Référence des services de quartz (En Anglais)

Système de fenêtrage

Quartz Compositor


Ruf an das Gewissen ist ein 1944 gedrehter Kriminalfilm unter der Regie von Karl Anton, der am 11. Oktober 1949 seine Uraufführung in Österreich erlebte. In Ostberlin kam er am 3. Februar 1950 und in Berlin (West) bzw. der Bundesrepublik Deutschland am 14. Mai 1951 in die Kinos. Der Film zählt zu den Überläufern und unterlag der Prüfung durch die sowjetische Militärzensur.

In Österreich lief er auch unter dem Titel Ruf des Gewissens. In der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik und teils auch in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland firmierte er auch unter dem Titel Strafakte André.

Handlung
Vor zehn Jahren wurde der "Fall Andree" scheinbar gelöst. Nun soll Kriminalrat Husfeld ihn erneut aufrollen, haben sich doch Zweifel an der Schuld der damals verurteilten Helga Andree ergeben. Sie soll ihre damalige Konkurrentin, die Sängerin Elinor Gyldenborg, vom Dachgarten in die Tiefe gestoßen und getötet haben. Husfeld holt sich Rat bei seinen Freund, dem Schriftsteller Volkmar Hollberg. Der macht aus dem Fall ein Hörspiel, das unter dem Titel Der Sprung vom Dachgarten im Radio gesendet wird. Die Sendung weckt bei den damals Anwesenden Erinnerungen an die Tatnacht. Helga Andree war, wie zahlreiche weitere Gäste, im Haus von Gregor Karpinski, als die Sängerin Elinor Gyldenborg vom Dachgarten in die Tiefe stürzte. Helga und Elinor waren damals beide in den Arzt Dr. Karpinski verliebt. Dr. Karpinski wiederum wurde als Täter ausgeschlossen, da er zum Todeszeitpunkt der Sängerin am Flügel gesessen und die Mondscheinsonate gespielt hatte. Auch Volkmar Hollberg kam als Täter nicht in Frage, da er seinerzeit seine starken Kopfschmerzen mit Alkohol betäubt hatte und darüber auf der Couch im Sprechzimmer des Arztes eingeschlafen war. Die anderen Gäste Karpinskis gaben sich gegenseitig ein Alibi, da sie zusammen im Salon pokerten.

Nach der Ausstrahlung des Hörspiels gehen neben Protesten einiger Beteiligter von damals auch einige interessante Hinweise ein. Ganz neue Erkenntnisse ergeben sich für Husfeld aus der Tatsache, dass Dr. Karpinski kaum Klavier spielen kann, geschweige denn die Mondscheinsonate. Er besitzt ein selbstspielendes Klavier. In die Enge getrieben, beschuldigt Karpinski überraschend den damals kranken Hollberg, die Sängerin vom Dach gestoßen zu haben. Aufgrund der starken Schmerzmittel habe Hollberg nicht gewusst, was er tat. Verunsichert und von Karpinskis Aussage selbst überzeugt, gesteht Hollberg die Tat.
Das Blatt wendet sich jedoch überraschend: Dr. Karpinski gesteht kurz darauf den Mord und bringt sich anschließend mit Schlangengift um. Er hatte das selbstspielende Klavier angestellt und Elinor Gyldenborg – von den Gästen unbemerkt – in die Tiefe gestoßen. Die Sängerin, die an unheilbarem Kehlkopfkrebs litt, hatte eine hohe Lebensversicherung auf ihn abgeschlossen. Nun endlich kann Helga Andree aufatmen, die von jeder Schuld am Tod Elinors freigesprochen wird. Für ihre Familie gibt es zudem ein besonders glückliches Ende: Hollberg und Helgas Tochter Ingrid werden ein Paar.

Hintergrund
Produziert wurde der Streifen von Tobis Filmkunst. Bei Kriegsende befand er sich in der Musiksynchronisation. Die Fertigstellung erfolgte durch die DEFA. Daher gehört der Film zu den sogenannten Überläufern.

Die Dreharbeiten fanden in den Monaten August/September 1944 in der Umgebung von Prag und im Prager Raditz-Atelier statt.

Das Drehbuch schrieb Jacob Geis nach einem Manuskript von Vring Wiemer und Herbert Engelsing. Außer der Mondscheinsonate sind im Film noch Kompositionen von Frédéric Chopin (Ach es ist so dunkel in des Todes Kammer, Ich möchte meine Zeit an Dich verschwenden, Regentropfen Prélude Nr. 15 in Des-Dur) und Georg Friedrich Händel (Largo aus der Oper Xerxes) zu hören.

Für den langjährigen Filmarchitekten Gustav A. Knauer, der hier zusammen mit Fritz Lück die Bauten entwarf, war dies der letzte Film. Er ging bei Kriegsende in den Ruhestand.

Kritiken

Weblinks

 Ruf an das Gewissen Filmplakat
 Ruf an das Gewissen Illustrierter Film-Kurier Nr. 712

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1949
Deutscher Film
Kriminalfilm
Literaturverfilmung
Schwarzweißfilm

Ruf an das Gewissen


Roger Houngbédji, né le  à Tchaada-Co-Anagodo au Bénin dans le diocèse de Porto-Novo , ordonné prêtre le 08 Août 1992 par  Nestor Assogba à la cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-Miséricorde est un prélat catholique béninois et évêque de l'Archidiocèse de Cotonou  en 2016.

Biographie

Famille, formation et de vie chrétienne
Issue famille catholique dont la mère ménagère et  d'un père maître catéchiste et moniteur d'école et qui décède pendant  alors qu'il n'avait que 12 ans Roger Houngbédji fait ses études primaires à Cotonou (1970-1974) et Abomey (1974-1977). Il vit toute son initiation chrétienne par sa première communion et sa confirmation à la Cathédrale Notre-Dame des Miséricordes de Cotonou. Plusieurs fois doyen des séminaristes et de Père-Maître des frères étudiants, Il fait ses études secondaires au petit séminaire d'Adjatokpa et aux moyens séminaires de Djimè et de Parakou.

Il obtint son baccalauréat en 1984 avant d'entrer dans l'Ordre des prêcheurs (Dominicains) à Cotonou puis envoyé au noviciat à Kinshasa quelque temps après. De 1992 à 1994, il fait ses études de second cycle de théologie à l'Institut catholique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest à Abidjan en Côte d'Ivoire assorti d'une Licence en théologie, option théologie biblique doublé d'un doctorat en théologie biblique à l'issue de la soutenance d'un thèse le 3 novembre 2006 à l'Université de Fribourg en Suisse.

Principaux ministères

Prêtre
Le 8 août 1992, il a été ordonné prêtre à la cathédrale Notre-Dame-de-Miséricorde de Cotonou par  Nestor Assogba, à l'époque évêque de Parakou

Évêque de l'Archidiocèse de Cotonou
.

le samedi 24 septembre 2016 la messe d'ordination épiscopale présidée par le Cardinal Théodore Adrien Sarr, archevêque émérite de Dakar a lieu au Palais de Congrès de Cotonou. Étaient présents deux co-consécrateurs dont respectivement  Brian Undaigwe, Nonce apostolique près le Bénin et le Togo, et  Antoine Ganyé, archevêque émérite de Cotonou, une vingtaine d'évêques, des centaines de prêtres et religieux et des milliers de fidèles et laïcs, venus de par le monde, ont participé à cet événement..

Le dimanche 25 septembre 2016, il est installé sur son siège épiscopal en la cathédrale Notre- Dame-de-Miséricorde de Cotonou par le nonce apostolique  Brian Udaigwe au cours d'une messe d'intronisation où il s'est vu aussi porter le pallium pour le distinguer des évêques.

Devise épiscopale
"Je me suis fait tout à tous, dans l'amour et la vérité "

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
il auteur de plusieurs publication dont:
 « L'Église-Famille de Dieu en Afrique, selon Luc 8, 19-21. Problème de fondements»,
 «La Radicalité de la vie religieuse en contexte africain»,
 «La vie consacrée en Afrique, défis et espérance».
 « L'Église-famille de Dieu en Afrique » (L'Harmattan 2009).

Articles connexes
 Religion au Bénin

Liens externes
https://archidiocesedecotonou.org/biographie/

Évêque béninois
Naissance en mai 1963
Naissance à Porto-Novo
Naissance dans la colonie du Dahomey
Évêque catholique du XXe siècle

Roger Houngbédji


Alberto Díaz Gutiérrez, poznatiji kao Alberto Korda ili Korda, (Havana, 14. rujna 1928. – Pariz, 25. svibnja 2001.), bio je kubanski fotograf koji se proslavio diljem svijeta jer je snimio jednu od najreproduciranijih fotografija, fotografiju Che Guevare. Fotografija je dobila naziv Guerrillero heroico, "Heroj gerile", a snimljena je 5. ožujka 1960. u Havani, Kuba, na komemoraciji za žrtve eksplozije La Coubre i do kraja 1960-ih pretvorila karizmatičnoga i prijepornog vođu u kulturnu ikonu. Korda je izjavio da ga je u trenutku kad je snimao sliku privukao Guevarin izraz lica, koji je iskazivao "apsolutnu nepomirljivost", kao i ljutnju i bol. Mnogo godina kasnije, Korda će reći da je fotografija pokazala Cheov čvrst i stoički karakter. U vrijeme kad je fotografija snimljena Guevara je imao 31 godinu. Od tada fotografija je reproducirana u tisućama inačica diljem svijeta a ukrašavala je i kubanske kovanice.

Galerija

Izvori

Fotografi
Kubanski umjetnici

Alberto Korda


São Filipe es un municipio brasileño del estado de Bahía. Se localiza a una latitud 12º50'50" sur y a una longitud 39º05'22" oeste, estando a una altitud de 195 metros. Su población estimada en 2004 era de 20 290 habitantes.
Posee un área de 198,7,1 km².

Historia
El municipio de São Filipe fue emancipado el día 29 de mayo de 1880. Durante mucho tiempo la localidad fue conocida como São Filipe de las Fincas, en virtud del gran número de plantaciones establecidas en torno del poblado. Su sede se expandió en torno de la iglesia principal, construida en las proximidades de la "fuente del pueblo", que abastecia la localidad.

Geografía
El territorio del municipio es accidentado. Se observa la existencia de las sierra de la Copioba, con una altura máxima de 360 metros. Los principales ríos son: Caraí, Jaguaripe, Copioba, Copioba Mirim.

Clima
En agosto hace hasta 12.0 °C y en febrero hace hasta 38.9 °C

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Bahía

São Felipe


Reinfeld (Holstein), Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaleti Stormarn iline bağlı kent. 17,36 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla 8482 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Nüfus yoğunluğu ise 480 seviyesindedir. Belediye başkanlığı Gerhard Horn tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmi site

Stormarn iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Reinfeld, Holstein