أبطال كيلي  هو فيلم حربي/كوميدي أمريكي من إنتاج شركة مترو غولدوين ماير في سنة 1970 وهو من بطولة كلينت إيستوود. تم تصوير الفيلم في يوغوسلافيا. ويدور حول مجموعة من الجنود الذين يتهربون من الحرب ليسرقوا مصرفا خلف خطوط العدو. وهو من إخراج بريان هاتن الذي أخرج عام 1968 فيلما حربيا آخرهو حيث تجرؤ النسور من بطولة إيستوود أيضا، ومن تأليف كاتب المسلسلات والأفلام البريطاني تروي كينيدي مارتن.

القصة
في الحرب العالمية الثانية في فرنسا في أوائل سبتمبر عام 1944، تقترب وحدات من فرقة المشاة 35 من مدينة نانسي قبل أن تتلقى أوامر بالانسحاب عندما تعرضت للهجوم من الألمان (الأمر الذي استاء منه الرجال، حيث أرادوا الوصول إلى نانسي للعثور على مكان لائق لمقابلة السيدات وأخذ قسط من الراحة). يقود الفرقة كيلي (كلينت ايستوود)، وهو ملازم سابق أنزلت رتبته لمجند حيث أصبح كبش فداء بعد هجوم كارثي في وقت سابق، ويقوم بأسر العقيد دانكوبف من الاستخبارات الألمانية. عندما يلاحظ كيلي قضيب ذهب مع السجين في حقيبته، ويقوم بإسكاره في محاولة للحصول على معلومات حول الذهب. يقتل دانكوبف بإحدى دبابات النمر الألمانية المهاجمة، ولكنه قبل هذا يخبرهم أن هناك كمية من الذهب يبلغ قوامها 14,000 سبيكة (التي تبلغ قيمتها 16 مليون دولار) مخزنة في قبو المصرف الذي يقع 50 ميلا وراء خطوط العدو في مدينة كليرمونت (على الأرجح كليرمون إن أرغون).

يجند كيلي معه ما تبقى من فصيلته، بما في ذلك الرقيب المتشكك «بيغ جو» (تيلي سافالاس)، ليتسللوا هناك ويسرقون الذهب. وفي النهاية يقوم كيلي بضم آخرين معه ويدعو آخرين (أو يدعون أنفسهم) في هذه الخطة، مثل الرقيب «كرابغيم» الانتهازي (دون ريكلز)، وقائد دبابة شيرمان «أودبول» (دونالد ساذرلاند)، الذي يتكلم بعبارات من الثقافات المضادة. وهناك أيضا عدد من الجنود الذين صوروا كمحاربين محترفين لكن الحرب أنهكتهم، وضاقوا ذرعا برؤسائهم غير الكفؤين أو الأنانيين كما ضاقوا ذرعا بالألمان.

تنجح الحملة باختراق بلدة يسيطر عليها الألمان من خلال هجوم بقذائف الهاون التي تم ترتيبها من قبل كيلي. ثم يقابلهم سوء الحظ عندما تظن طائرة مقاتلة أمريكية بالخطأ أن مجموعة كيلي من الأعداء، وتطلق النار على مركباتهم وتدمرها بالصواريخ، ويجبرونهم على المواصلة سيرا على الأقدام. قتل ثلاثة في اشتباك في حقل ألغام. في هذه الأثناء تسللت دبابات أودبول وشنت هجومها في طريقها داخل الخطوط الألمانية، ولكنهم توقفوا لأن الجسر في كليرمون قصف من قبل الحلفاء، مما دفع أودبول لترك الوحدة على الجسر. اعترضت رسائل لاسلكية عن الغارة، وهو ما جذب اهتمام اللواء الأمريكي كولت (كارول أوكونور)، وأساء فهمها بأنها جهود من الوطنيين الذين يهاجمون من تلقاء أنفسهم ويندفعون فورا إلى خط الجبهة لاستغلال فرصة «الاختراق».

يسابق رجال كيلي للوصول إلى المدينة الفرنسية قبل جيشهم. هناك، وجدوا أنها محمية بثلاثة دبابات هائلة مدعومة بالمشاة. استطاع الأميركيون إبعاد دبابتين ومعظم المشاة الألمانية. ومع ذلك، في الوقت الذي استعدوا فيه ليسيطروا على الدبابة الأخيرة، والتي كانت واقفة أمام البنك، تتعطل دبابة أودبول الأخيرة ولا يتمكن من إصلاحها. وقفوا عاجزين أمام العملاق المدرع، يقترح كرابغيم على كيلي أن يعرض على قائد الدبابة الألمانية نصيبا من الغنائم. ضربت الدبابة أبواب البنك ووجدوا داخله مخبأ الذهب. يذهب كل في سبيله بعد تقسيم الغنائم، وذلك في الوقت المناسب لتجنب مواجهة كولت الذي كان لا يزال غافلا عما يجري، والذي تعطل بسبب احتفالات سكان البلدة.

الأدوار

 كلينت ايستوود بدور المجند كيلي، وقائد الحملة لسرقة الذهب وملازم سابق أنزلت رتبته إلى مجند بعد أن أصبح كبش فداء بسبب حادث نيران صديقة.
 تيلي سافالاس بدور الرقيب أول «بيغ جو»، قائد فصيلة كيلي وإن كان في الواقع القائد الثاني.
 دون ريكلز بدور رئيس الرقباء «كرابغيم»، وهو رقيب الإمدادات ويبحث دائما عن الربح.
 كارول أوكونور بدور اللواء كولت، قائد الفرقة العدواني.
 دونالد سثرلاند بدور الرقيب «أودبول»، قائد دبابات شيرمان الثلاث التي جندها كيلي في المهمة. وتشبه أوصافه الهيبيز.
 غافن ماكلاود بدور موريارتي، المدفعي والميكانيكي المتشائم في فريق أودبول. دائما ما يتجادل معه أودبول ويقول أنه يطلق «موجات السلبية».
 شيبرد ساندرز بدور «التركي»، وهو مدفعي من طاقم دبابات أودبول ودائما ما يرتدي طربوشا.
 ستيوارت مارغولين بدور المجند «ليتل جو»، مشغل الراديو في الفصيل.
 جيف موريس بدور المجند «كاوبوي» سائق إحدى عربات الفصيل.
 هال باكلي بدور الكابتن ميتلاند، وهو ضابط جشع يهمل رجاله ويهتم فقط بإثراء نفسه بغنائم الحرب. وهو ينجو بفعلته لأنه ابن أخ اللواء كولت.
 ديك بالدوزي بدور المجند فيشر، والذي بإمكانه ترجمه الوثائق الألمانية.
 ريتشارد دافالوس بدور المجند غوتاوسكي، قناص الفريق.
 جين كولينز بدور المجند «باربرا» بابرا، مساعد بيغ جو.
 بيري لوبيز بدور المجند باتشوكو «بيتوكو»، مدفعي رشاش براونينغ.
 توم تروب بدور العريف جوب، وهو صديق بيغ جو المقرب.
 هاري دين ستانتون بدور المجند ويلارد (ظهر باسم دين ستانتون)، مساعد كاوبوي، وكلاهما من جنوب الولايات المتحدة.
 لين ليسر بدور المراقب التقني بيلامي من وحدة المهندسين 42.
 ديفيد هيرست بدور أوبيرست (العقيد) دانكوبف
 جورج سافالاس بدور الرقيب أول موليجان، قائد قسم الهاون الذي يكرهه بيغ جو بشدة لعدم اهليته في توجيه قذائف الهاون.
 كارل أوتو البرتي بدور قائد دبابة النمر 115.
 روس إليوت بدور العقيد بوكر، ضابط الاتصالات في شعبة 35.
 فريد بيرلمان بدور المجند ميتشل.
 مايكل كلارك بدور المجند غريس.
 جورج فارجو بدور المجند بين.
 دي بولوك بدور المجند جونزي.

الإنتاج
كان من المقرر ضم دور نسائي، ولكن حذف الدور من النص قبل التصوير. وكشفت إنغريد بيت، الذي تلعب الدور «كنت تقريبا على متن الطائرة المتجهة إلى يوغوسلافيا عندما عرفت أن دوري قد ألغي». وبدأ تصوير الفيلم في يوليو عام 1969 واكتمل في ديسمبر وصور على الموقع في قرية فيجينادا في استريا في يوغوسلافيا السابقة وفي لندن. وقد تم اختيار يوغوسلافيا لأن الأرباح من عروض الأفلام السابقة لا يمكن إخراجها من البلاد، ولكن يمكن استخدامها لتمويل الإنتاج. كما كان الجيش اليوغوسلافي يمتلك دبابات شيرمان أمريكية (وكانت جزءا من المساعدات العسكرية التي تلقاها المارشال تيتو عندما انفصل عن جوزيف ستالين وكانت الولايات المتحدة تخشى من تدخل الجيش الأحمر من خلال المجر).

بعد عدة سنوات من صدور الفيلم، زعم إيستوود أن الشركة (MGM) أجرت عمليات حذف إضافية لنسخة هاتون النهائية للفيلم، وقضت على المشاهد التي تعمقت في الشخصيات الرئيسية. وقال إيستوود أن النتيجة جعلت الشخصيات تبدو وكأنها «مجموعة من المتسكعين من الحرب العالمية الثانية.» كان أبطال كيلي آخر فيلم لإيستوود لم تنتجه شركة مالباسو حتى مثل فيلم في خط النار. ويشار أيضا إلى أن برونكو بيلي مثله مع شركة مختلفة شكلها روبرت دالي (الذي أنتج 15 من أفلامه بين 1971-1980)، ويرجع ذلك إلى طلاق إيستوود في ذلك الوقت.

هناك إشارة من إيستوود إلى الغرب السباغيتي في مواجهة مع دبابة النمر - فهي تشابه نهاية الطيب والشرس والقبيح، بل أن الموسيقى مشابهة جدا.

وأنتج هذا الفيلم وصدر خلال حرب فيتنام، وفي المناخ السياسي والثقافي نفسه كما في M * A * S * H - الجنود الذين انهكتهم الحرب «لا يعرفون حتى ما سبب هذه الحرب» (كلمات بيغ جو لقائد الدبابة الألمانية)، وتحرير أوروبا هو أقل مشاكلهم شأنا لأنهم يريدون تعبئة جيوبهم.

كانت القوات الأمريكية ترتدي شارة من الشعبة 35 من المشاة الأمريكية. وكانت الشعبة حقيقية وحاربت حول نانسي في فرنسا في سبتمبر عام 1944. واستخدم الفيلم أيضا دبابة شيرمان M4 أصلية (من احتياطي الجيش اليوغوسلافي)، في حين أن معظم أفلام الحرب المعاصرة، على سبيل المثال باتون، واستخدمت أيضا دبابات M48 الحديثة. لأنه كان في ذلك الوقت كان الجيش اليوغوسلافي يتسلح بالأسلحة الأمريكية وأسلحة ألمانية من الحرب العالمية الثانية مطورة محليا، فكانت المعدات والسيارات الألمانية والأميركية والرشاشات وأجهزة الراديو وأدوات الترسيخ دقيقة بشكل ملحوظ. مع ذلك، فهناك خطأ تاريخي واحد، فالمجند غوتاوسكي قناص الوحدة، يجب أن يحمل بندقية قناص 1903A4 نموذج سبرينجفيلد مع نطاق الهدف نوع يونرتل. بدلا من ذلك لديه بندقية قنص موديل سوفيتي الصنع موسين 91/30، مع بايونيت أمريكية مثبتة على الكمامة. وكانت ثلاث من دبابات النمر في الفيلم في الواقع دبابات الجيش السوفيتية تي-34، واستخدمت من قبل الجيش اليوغوسلافي في فيلم معركة نيريتفا عام 1969.

هذا الفيلم كان مصدر وحي لفيلم من العام 1975 يدعى إنسايد أوت، عن عن محارب أمريكي سابق في الحرب العالمية الثانية يتحالف مع مجرم نازي سابق ليحتالوا على زعيم سابق للحزب النازي للكشف عن مكان شحنة سرية من الذهب.

وعمل المخرج المستقبلي جون لانديس كمساعد للإنتاج، على الرغم من أنه لم يظهر في قائمة الطاقم. كما ظهر في الفيلم يرتدي زي راهبة. أثناء التصوير في يوغوسلافيا، كتب المسودة الأولى لما أصبح في النهاية فيلم مستذئب أميركي في لندن.

الاستقبال

تلقى الفيلم تقييمات ايجابية في معظمها وجذب الانتباه بروحه المناهضة للحرب. وحصل على تصويت 86٪ طازج على موقع الطماطم الفاسدة. وكان ترتيبه 34 في استفتاء القناة 4 عن أعظم 100 فيلم حربي على الإطلاق. وحقق الفيلم 5.2 مليون دولار في الولايات المتحدة عندما أصدر في يونيو 1970.

الموسيقى

الأغنية الرئيسية للفيلم (في كل من البداية والنهاية) هي «جسور محترقة»، والتي غناها مايك كيرب مع ألحان لالو شيفرين. ووصلت الأغنية إلى المركز 34 على قائمة بيلبورد هوت 100 يوم 6 مارس 1971.

هناك أيضا أغنية «كل شيء من أجل حب الشمس»، التي أصبحت أغنية ناجحة للمغني الريفي هانك وليامز الابن. وكان إدراج الأغنية واحدا من المغالطات التاريخية في الفيلم فلم تصدر حتى عام 1970، بعد 25 سنة من نهاية الحرب.

مقطوعة «دبابة النمر» للالو شيفرين أيضا في فيلم أوغاد مجهولون من إخراج كوينتن تارانتينو لمشاهد النهاية.

تم استخدام صوت دبابة النمر لحركة الرافعات في فيلم الغرباء.

مصادر

وصلات خارجية

 قلعة بيوتشين في صربيا (مقر الجنرال كولت)

أفلام أمريكية في عقد 1970
أفلام أخرجها بريان جي هوتون
أفلام أكشن كوميدية أمريكية
أفلام أمريكية
أفلام أمريكية ساخرة
أفلام أمريكية عن الحرب العالمية الثانية
أفلام الحرب العالمية الثانية
أفلام الحرب العالمية الثانية في الجبهة الغربية
أفلام إنتاج 1970
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 1970
أفلام تقع أحداثها في 1944
أفلام تقع أحداثها في فرنسا
أفلام حربية 1970
أفلام حربية كوميديا درامية
أفلام حربية كوميدية في عقد 1970
أفلام حربية يوغوسلافية
أفلام حركة حربية أمريكية
أفلام حركة كوميدية في عقد 1970
أفلام حركة يوغوسلافية
أفلام سرقة أمريكية
أفلام سرقة عقد 1970
أفلام عن أحداث فعلية في الحرب العالمية الثانية
أفلام عن القوات البرية للولايات المتحدة
أفلام عن حرب مدرعة
أفلام كوميدية 1970
أفلام كوميدية يوغوسلافية
أفلام مترو غلودن ماير
أفلام مصورة في يوغوسلافيا
أفلام مغامرات حربية
أفلام مغامرات كوميدية أمريكية
أفلام مغامرات كوميدية في عقد 1970
أفلام مغامرات يوغوسلافية
أفلام مناهضة للحرب
أفلام يوغوسلافية
نازيون في السينما الأمريكية

أبطال كيلي (فيلم)


هاوييان غاردينس  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة لوس أنجليس، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 9 أبريل، 1964.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة أسست في 1920
تأسيسات سنة 1920 في كاليفورنيا
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن لوس أنجلوس (كاليفورنيا)

هاوييان غاردينس (كاليفورنيا)


Taylor Hawkins (17. febrúar 1972 – 25. mars 2022) var bandarískur tónlistarmaður. Hann var þekktastur sem trommari hljómsveitarinnar Foo Fighters sem hann spilaði með frá árinu 1997 til dauðadags.

Hawkins fæddist í Texas en ólst upp í Kalíforníu. Þegar hann var að læra á trommur voru meðal helstu áhrifavalda hans Roger Taylor úr Queen, Phil Collins úr Genesis, Stewart Copeland úr The Police og Stephen Perkins úr Jane's Addiction.

Snemma á ferlinum spilaði Hawkins í hljómsveitunum Sylvia og Sass Jordan. Hæfileikar hans vöktu athygli Alanis Morissette sem fékk hann til að tromma á tónleikaferðum sínum. Á þeim tíma kynntist Hawkins Dave Grohl, fyrrverandi meðlim Nirvana, sem bauð honum fljótlega að gerast trommari í nýju hljómsveit sinni, Foo Fighters. Á tónleikum skiptust Grohl og Hawkins stundum um hlutverk, Grohl fór á trommur og Hawkins söng og spilaði á gítar. Hawkins söng á nokkrum lögum á plötum og smáskífum með Foo Fighters.

Meðfram því að spila með Foo Fighters vann Hawkins að tónlist með ýmsum öðrum. Þar má helst nefna Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders sem gáfu út þrjár plötur (2006-2019).

Hawkins var giftur og átti þrjú börn. Hann hafði lengi barist við fíkniefnavanda og var nærri dauða árið 2001 eftir að hafa tekið of stóran skammt af heróíni.

Hawkins fannst látinn í hótelherbergi í Bogotá, Kólumbíu, þegar Foo Fighters voru þar á tónleikaferðalagi. Dánarorsök er talin hafa verið neysla fíkniefna og lyfseðilsskyldra lyfja . Hann var fimmtugur að aldri.

Skífur

Foo Fighters
 There Is Nothing Left to Lose (1999)
 One by One (2002)
 In Your Honor (2005)
 Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace (2007)
 Wasting Light (2011)
 Sonic Highways (2014)
 Saint Cecilia (2015)
 Concrete and Gold (2017)
 Medicine at Midnight (2021)

Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders
 Taylor Hawkins and the Coattail Riders (2006)
 Red Light Fever (2010)
 Get the Money (2019)

NHC
 Intakes & Outtakes (EP) (2022)

The Birds of Satan
 The Birds of Satan (2014)

Coheed and Cambria
 Good Apollo, I'm Burning Star IV, Volume Two: No World for Tomorrow (2007)

Sóló
 Kota (EP) (2016)

Tilvísanir

Bandarískir trommarar
Bandarískir tónlistarmenn

Taylor Hawkins


'فيلم المطارد فيلم' مصري روائي لنجيب محفوظ أخذ عن روايته الحرافيش انتج الفيلم في عام 1985

قصة الفيلم
يدور حول زمن الفتوات والحرافيش ويقوم نور الشريف بدور ابن من عائلة الناجي الذي دار عليه الزمن وفقدت لقب الفتوة والذي كان يأخذ هذا الدور هو رجل ظالم ويقع نور الشريف في حب فتاة لكن الفتوة كان يريد أن يتزوجها ليذل نور الشريف لكن اتفقا الحبيبان على الهروب ولكن علم الفتوة بهذا الشأن فقام بقتلها وأسند التهمة إلى نور الشريف الذي قام بدوره بالهروب وقام بالتدريب على أصول الفتونة وعاش في منطقة غريبة عنه وتزوج بها وأنجب ولدا وما كان إلا أن رأه أحد أفراد الفتوة القديمة حينما تعارك مع فتوة المنطقة التي يسكن بها وهزمه فأخبر الفتوة بذلك. فلما عرف الفتوة قرر أن يخرجه من مكانه وينصب له فخاً فقام بضرب كبيرة عيلة الناجي أمام الكل وقتل أحد أفرادها ولما علم فذهب إلى منطقته القديمة وفاز على الفتوة بعد أن اعترف أنه القاتل الحقيقي للحبيبة وعندما رجع إلى زوجته وجدها تزوجت عنوة من المخبر حلمي الذي كان يحبها من زمان فقتله وهرب.

الممثلين
 نور الشريف
 سهير رمزي
 مجدي وهبه
 ابوبكر عزت
 تحية كاريوكا
 صلاح نظمي
 عزه كمال
 روعة الكاتب
 أحمد عقل
 ابراهيم عبدالرزاق
 عبدالسلام محمد
 محمد التاجي

أفلام أبو بكر عزت
أفلام إبراهيم عبد الرازق
أفلام إنتاج 1985
أفلام تحية كاريوكا
م
أفلام نور الشريف
أفلام أخرجها سمير سيف
أفلام حسين الإمام
أفلام أحمد عقل

المطارد (فيلم)


thumb|ලොව පුරා ඇනලොග් වීඩියෝ සංඥා වර්ග තුනක් භාවිතා වේ: NTSC, PAL, SECAM

Video යනු චලනය වන රූපයකින් විද්‍යුත් සංඥා යැවීමේ තාක්ෂණයකි . වීඩියෝ සංඥා වල පොදු යෙදුමක් වන්නේ රූපවාහිනියයි, නමුත් එය ඉංජිනේරු, විද්‍යාත්මක, නිෂ්පාදනය සහ ආරක්ෂාව යන වෙනත් යෙදුම්වලද භාවිතා කළ හැක.

වීඩියෝ යන වචනය පැමිණෙන්නේ ලතින් වචනය වන "මම දකිනවා" යන්නෙනි.

වීඩියෝ යන පදය වීඩියෝ ටේප් සඳහා කෙටි යෙදුමක් ලෙසද, වීඩියෝ පටිගත කරන්නන් සහ වීඩියෝ ප්ලේයර් සඳහාද භාවිතා වේ.

Video


مجيد حميد مرهون (17 أغسطس 1945 - 3 فبراير 2010) موسيقار وسياسي يساري بحريني.

حياته

ولد مرهون في 17 أغسطس 1945 في منطقة الحورة بالبحرين. درس الابتدائية في مدرسة الروضة الحكومية، وم ثم إلى مدرسة القضيبية عام 1953. في عام 1961، انضم مرهون إلى جبهة التحرير الوطني البحراني، وقام بتأسيس فرقة موسيقية في نفس العام. في 23 مارس 1969 حكم عليه بالمؤبد بعد أن أدين بمحاولة اغتيال مساعد أحد رموز الحامية البريطانية، وأطلق سراحه في 26 أبريل 1990.

روابط خارجية

المراجع

جمهورياتية في البحرين
سجناء ومعتقلون بحرينيون
سجناء ومعتقلون في البحرين
عازفو سكسفون
عازفو سكسفون في القرن 20
معارضون بحرينيون
مواليد 1945
مواليد في حورة (إسرائيل)
موسيقيون بحرينيون
ناشطون يساريون بحرينيون
وفيات 2010

مجيد مرهون


Mijo Krešić (Dubrave Donje, Živinice, 1. listopada 1966.), hrvatski političar i visoki dužnosnik iz Bosne i Hercegovine, bivši zamjenik ministra sigurnosti BiH.

Životopis
Mijo Krešić rođen je 1966. godine u Donjim Dubravama kod Živinica.Prvi rod tužiteljice Posebnog odjela za ratne zločine Suda BiH Gordane Tadić iz Tuzle.
U Donjim Živinicama išao u osnovnu školu do 1977., a preostala četiri razreda u Tuzli. U Živinicama išao u srednju školu, smjer - ekološki tehničar. Vojnu akademiju kopnene vojske u Beogradu pohađao od 1985. do 1989. godine. Po završetku vojne akademije bio je zapovjednik voda Vojne policije Jugoslavenske narodne armije (JNA) u Prištini. Svibnja 1992. godine napustio je JNA i priključio se Armiji Republike Bosne i Hercegovine (ARBiH). U Oružanim snagama BiH bio do 1997. godine za koje vrijeme je rukovodio i zapovijedao postrojbama u okviru 2. korpusa. Godinu dana obnašao dužnost direktora Agencije za prevenciju korupcije i koordinaciju borbe protiv korupcije BiH, čiji je bio suosnivač i suvoditelj. Od 1996. član HDZ BiH. Od 1997. u predsjedništvu HDZ BiH Soli do 2011. godine. Od 1999. predsjednik županijske organizacije HDZ BiH Županije Soli. Od 2004. do 2007. godine vijećnik u Općinskom vijeću Tuzle. Od 2007. zamjenik ministra sigurnosti Bosne i Hercegovine do 2012. godine.
Sudjelovao i koordinirao uspostavu sustava za zakonito presretanje u telekomunikacijama u BiH. Član predsjedništva HDZ BiH od 2007. do 2011. godine. Na općim izborima 2010. izabran u Skupštinu Županije Soli. Od 2012. do 2014. pohađao Zagrebačku školu ekonomije i menadžmenta na kojoj je magistrirao financije i bankarstvo. Od 2015. godine. opet je u predstjedništvu HDZ BiH i na mjestu zamjenika ministra sigurnosti BiH.

Vodio policijsku reprezentaciju BiH u nogometu na dva svjetska prvenstva u organizaciji International Police Association.

Izvori

Životopisi, Tuzla
Hrvatska vojna povijest
Hrvatski političari u Bosni i Hercegovini

Mijo Krešić (političar)


San Mona fue obispo de Milán desde finales del  hasta principio del . Es venerado como santo por la Iglesia católica y su festividad se celebra el 12 de octubre.

Biografía

Poco se sabe sobre la vida y el episcopado de Mona. Fue elegido obispo de Milán hacia finales del  (en principio en 283), y su episcopado duró hasta algunos años antes del 313, cuando seguramente el obispo de Milán ya era Mirocles .

Mona murió el 25 de marzo (del año desconocido) y su cadáver fue enterrado cerca de la iglesia de San Vital de Milán (Basílica Fausta), que fue colocada en la zona donde ahora están los Basílica de San Ambrosio. Bajo el episcopado de Arnulfo II (998-1018), un 12 de octubre, sus reliquia fueron descubiertas y llevadas a la iglesia de San Vital cerca la Basílica Naboriana (ahora demolida). El 6 de febrero de 1576 sus reliquias fueron trasladadas por San Carlos Borromeo a la Catedral de Milán, donde se encuentran en la actualidad.

Según una tradición con poca base histórica, Mona es asociado a la familia noble de Milán Borri. A Mona se le atribuye la fundación de la iglesia parroquial de Corbetta. Mona también se venera en una capilla, reformada en el  por la familia Borri, en el Santuario della Beata Vergine dei Miracoli de Corbetta.

Notas

Santos de Italia
Santos católicos
Obispos de Italia del siglo IV
Obispos y arzobispos de Milán
Sepultados en la Catedral de Milán
Obispos santos de Italia
Santos cristianos de la Antigua Roma del siglo IV
Fallecidos en Milán

Mona de Milán


කම්පැක් කුසලානය යනු 2009 සැප්තැම්බර් 8 සිට සැප්තැම්බර් 14 දක්වා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පැවති එක්දින ජාත්‍යන්තර ක්‍රිකට් තරඟාවලියකි. මෙම තරගාවලියට ඉන්දියාව, ශ්‍රී ලංකාව සහ නවසීලන්තය යන ජාතික කණ්ඩායම් සම්බන්ධ විය.

සංචිත

තරග

කණ්ඩායම් අදියර

 මූලාශ්රය: ESPNcricinfo

අවසාන තරගය

මාධ්‍ය ආවරණය

 Arab Digital Distribution (සජීව) – මැද පෙරදිග
 Ten Sports (සජීව) – ඉන්දියාව, ශ්‍රී ලංකාව සහ පකිස්ථානය
 DD National (සජීව) – ඉන්දියාව (ඉන්දියා තරඟ පමණි)

යොමු කිරීම්

ක්‍රිකට්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ ක්‍රිකට්

2009 ශ්‍රී ලංකා තුන්කොන් ක්‍රිකට් තරගාවලිය


Silfurhlynur (fræðiheiti: Acer saccharinum) er lauffellandi trjátegund sem verður um 15 til 25m há. Hann er ættaður frá austurhluta Norður-Ameríku.

Tilvísanir

Silfurhlynur


Doppelmayer ist ein Einschlagkrater im Südwesten der Mondvorderseite, am südlichen Rand des Mare Humorum, nördlich des Kraters Lee (Mondkrater) und östlich von Palmieri.

Der Krater ist von den Laven des Mare überflutet, wodurch der nordöstliche Teil fast ganz verschwunden ist. Aus dem Inneren ragt ein Zentralberg auf, der von konzentrischen Strukturen umgeben ist.

Das Rillensystem der Rimae Doppelmayer beginnt westlich des Kraters, verläuft parallel zum Rand des Mare Humorum nach Norden und endet nordöstlich von Liebig F.

Der Krater wurde 1935 von der IAU nach dem deutschen Astronomen Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Doppelmayer auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Doppelmayer (Mondkrater)


Lithium aluminium hydride, commonly abbreviated to LAH, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula  or . It is a white solid, discovered by Finholt, Bond and Schlesinger in 1947. This compound is used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis, especially for the reduction of esters, carboxylic acids, and amides. The solid is dangerously reactive toward water, releasing gaseous hydrogen (H2). Some related derivatives have been discussed for hydrogen storage.

Properties, structure, preparation

LAH is a colourless solid but commercial samples are usually gray due to contamination. This material can be purified by recrystallization from diethyl ether. Large-scale purifications employ a Soxhlet extractor. Commonly, the impure gray material is used in synthesis, since the impurities are innocuous and can be easily separated from the organic products. The pure powdered material is pyrophoric, but not its large crystals. Some commercial materials contain mineral oil to inhibit reactions with atmospheric moisture, but more commonly it is packed in moisture-proof plastic sacks.

LAH violently reacts with water, including atmospheric moisture, to liberate dihydrogen gas. The reaction proceeds according to the following idealized equation:

This reaction provides a useful method to generate hydrogen in the laboratory. Aged, air-exposed samples often appear white because they have absorbed enough moisture to generate a mixture of the white compounds lithium hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide.

Structure

LAH crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The unit cell has the dimensions: a = 4.82, b = 7.81, and c = 7.92 Å, α = γ = 90° and β = 112°. In the structure,  cations are surrounded by five  anions, which have tetrahedral molecular geometry. The  cations are bonded to one hydrogen atom from each of the surrounding tetrahedral  anion creating a bipyramid arrangement. At high pressures (>2.2 GPa) a phase transition may occur to give β-LAH.

Preparation
 was first prepared from the reaction between lithium hydride (LiH) and aluminium chloride:

In addition to this method, the industrial synthesis entails the initial preparation of sodium aluminium hydride from the elements under high pressure and temperature:

 is then prepared by a salt metathesis reaction according to:

which proceeds in a high yield. LiCl is removed by filtration from an ethereal solution of LAH, with subsequent precipitation of LAH to yield a product containing around 1% w/w LiCl.

An alternative preparation starts from LiH, and metallic Al instead of . Catalyzed by a small quantity of  (0.2%), the reaction proceeds well using dimethylether as solvent. This method avoids the cogeneration of salt.

Solubility data

LAH is soluble in many ethereal solutions. However, it may spontaneously decompose due to the presence of catalytic impurities, though, it appears to be more stable in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Thus, THF is preferred over, e.g., diethyl ether, despite the lower solubility.

Thermal decomposition
LAH is metastable at room temperature. During prolonged storage it slowly decomposes to  (lithium hexahydridoaluminate) and LiH. This process can be accelerated by the presence of catalytic elements, such as titanium, iron or vanadium.

When heated LAH decomposes in a three-step reaction mechanism:

 is usually initiated by the melting of LAH in the temperature range 150–170 °C, immediately followed by decomposition into solid , although  is known to proceed below the melting point of  as well. At about 200 °C,  decomposes into LiH () and Al which subsequently convert into LiAl above 400 °C (). Reaction R1 is effectively irreversible.  is reversible with an equilibrium pressure of about 0.25 bar at 500 °C.  and  can occur at room temperature with suitable catalysts.

Thermodynamic data
The table summarizes thermodynamic data for LAH and reactions involving LAH, in the form of standard enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy change, respectively.

Applications

Use in organic chemistry
Lithium aluminium hydride (LAH) is widely used in organic chemistry as a reducing agent. It is more powerful than the related reagent sodium borohydride owing to the weaker Al-H bond compared to the B-H bond. Often as a solution in diethyl ether and followed by an acid workup, it will convert esters, carboxylic acids, acyl chlorides, aldehydes, and ketones into the corresponding alcohols (see: carbonyl reduction). Similarly, it converts amide, nitro, nitrile, imine, oxime, and organic azides into the amines (see: amide reduction). It reduces quaternary ammonium cations into the corresponding tertiary amines. Reactivity can be tuned by replacing hydride groups by alkoxy groups. Due to its pyrophoric nature, instability, toxicity, low shelf life and handling problems associated with its reactivity, it has been replaced in the last decade, both at the small-industrial scale and for large-scale reductions by the more convenient related reagent sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy)aluminium hydride, which exhibits similar reactivity but with higher safety, easier handling and better economics.

LAH is most commonly used for the reduction of esters and carboxylic acids to primary alcohols; prior to the advent of LAH this was a difficult conversion involving sodium metal in boiling ethanol (the Bouveault-Blanc reduction). Aldehydes and ketones can also be reduced to alcohols by LAH, but this is usually done using milder reagents such as ; α, β-unsaturated ketones are reduced to allylic alcohols. When epoxides are reduced using LAH, the reagent attacks the less hindered end of the epoxide, usually producing a secondary or tertiary alcohol. Epoxycyclohexanes are reduced to give axial alcohols preferentially.

Partial reduction of acid chlorides to give the corresponding aldehyde product cannot proceed via LAH, since the latter reduces all the way to the primary alcohol. Instead, the milder lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride, which reacts significantly faster with the acid chloride than with the aldehyde, must be used. For example, when isovaleric acid is treated with thionyl chloride to give isovaleroyl chloride, it can then be reduced via lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride to give isovaleraldehyde in 65% yield.

Lithium aluminium hydride also reduces alkyl halides to alkanes. Alkyl iodides react the fastest, followed by alkyl bromides and then alkyl chlorides. Primary halides are the most reactive followed by secondary halides. Tertiary halides react only in certain cases.

Lithium aluminium hydride does not reduce simple alkenes or arenes. Alkynes are reduced only if an alcohol group is nearby. It was observed that the  reduces the double bond in the N-allylamides.

Inorganic chemistry
LAH is widely used to prepare main group and transition metal hydrides from the corresponding metal halides.

LAH also reacts with many inorganic ligands to form coordinated alumina complexes associated with lithium ions.

LiAlH4 + 4NH3 → Li[Al(NH2)4] + 4H2

Hydrogen storage

LiAlH4 contains 10.6 wt% hydrogen, thereby making LAH a potential hydrogen storage medium for future fuel cell-powered vehicles. The high hydrogen content, as well as the discovery of reversible hydrogen storage in Ti-doped NaAlH4, have sparked renewed research into LiAlH4 during the last decade. A substantial research effort has been devoted to accelerating the decomposition kinetics by catalytic doping and by ball milling.
In order to take advantage of the total hydrogen capacity, the intermediate compound LiH must be dehydrogenated as well. Due to its high thermodynamic stability this requires temperatures in excess of 400 °C, which is not considered feasible for transportation purposes. Accepting LiH + Al as the final product, the hydrogen storage capacity is reduced to 7.96 wt%. Another problem related to hydrogen storage is the recycling back to LiAlH4 which, owing to its relatively low stability, requires an extremely high hydrogen pressure in excess of 10000 bar. Cycling only reaction R2 — that is, using Li3AlH6 as starting material — would store 5.6 wt% hydrogen in a single step (vs. two steps for NaAlH4 which stores about the same amount of hydrogen). However, attempts at this process have not been successful so far.

Other tetrahydridoaluminiumates
A variety of salts analogous to LAH are known. NaH can be used to efficiently produce sodium aluminium hydride (NaAlH4) by metathesis in THF:
LiAlH4 + NaH → NaAlH4 + LiH
Potassium aluminium hydride (KAlH4) can be produced similarly in diglyme as a solvent:
LiAlH4 + KH → KAlH4 + LiH

The reverse, i.e., production of LAH from either sodium aluminium hydride or potassium aluminium hydride can be achieved by reaction with LiCl or lithium hydride in diethyl ether or THF:
NaAlH4 + LiCl → LiAlH4 + NaCl
KAlH4 + LiCl → LiAlH4 + KCl

"Magnesium alanate" (Mg(AlH4)2) arises similarly using MgBr2:
2 LiAlH4 + MgBr2 → Mg(AlH4)2 + 2 LiBr

Red-Al (or SMEAH, NaAlH2(OC2H4OCH3)2) is synthesized by reacting sodium aluminum tetrahydride (NaAlH4) and 2-methoxyethanol:

See also

Hydride
Sodium borohydride
Sodium hydride

References

Further reading

External links

Lithium compounds
Aluminium complexes
Metal hydrides
Reducing agents
Substances discovered in the 1940s

Lithium aluminium hydride


Sean Christopher Stone (* 29. Dezember 1984 in New York City) ist ein US-amerikanischer Schauspieler und Filmemacher. Er ist der Sohn des Regisseurs Oliver Stone. Seit seiner Konversion zum Islam im Jahr 2012 nennt er sich auch Sean Ali Stone.

In seiner Kindheit stand Sean Stone für einige Filme seines Vaters wie Wall Street, The Doors und Natural Born Killers vor der Kamera. Seit Mitte der 2000er-Jahre ist er auch selbst Filmemacher und drehte insbesondere Dokumentationen. 2012 gab er mit dem Found-Footage-Horrorfilm Greystone Park sein Debüt als Spielfilmregisseur. Bei Russia Today America moderiert er eine Sendung namens Watching the Hawks.

Filmografie  (Auswahl)
 1987: Wall Street
 1988: Salvador
 1989: Geboren am 4. Juli
 1991: JFK – Tatort Dallas
 1991: The Doors
 1993: Zwischen Himmel und Hölle
 1994: Natural Born Killers
 1995: Nixon
 1997: U-Turn – Kein Weg zurück
 1999: An jedem verdammten Sonntag
 2008: W. – Ein missverstandenes Leben#
 2010: Wall Street: Geld schläft nicht
 2011: Nevo (Kurzfilm)
 2012: Graystone Park (auch Regie)
 2012: Don't Pass Me By
 2016: Union Bound
 2018: Battle Fields
 2019: Night Walk

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Kinderdarsteller
Oliver Stone
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1984
Mann

Sean Stone


Agrilus abductus escaravelho perfurador de madeira metálico da família Buprestidae.  É encontrado na América Central e América do Norte.

Referências

Leitura adicional

abductu
Coleópteros da América Central
Coleópteros da América do Norte
Coleópteros descritos em 1891

Agrilus abductus


Reserva Natural e Parque de Esculturas Humanics () é um marco na capital canadense, Ottawa .

É um parque paisagístico privado com esculturas representando figuras de culto, eventos-chave ou conceitos abstratos associados à maioria das religiões, mitologias e ensinamentos éticos do mundo. O parque é uma organização sem fins lucrativos e o custo de visitação é bastante baixo.

História
O parque foi fundado em julho de 2017 pelo Dr. Ranjit Perera em um local especialmente comprado para este fim em Cumberland Township (o subúrbio leste de Ottawa, parte administrativa da cidade) em 3468 Old Montreal Road.

A abertura contou com a presença do primeiro-ministro Justin Trudeau, da primeira-ministra de Ontário, Caitlin Wynn, do prefeito de Ottawa, Jim Watson, e de outros convidados de honra.

Desde então, o fundador, com fundos próprios e doações, continua a instalar novas esculturas temáticas.

Esculturas
Atualmente, existem as seguintes seções no parque:

 Área A Unidade de Realidade
 Área B Dignidade Humana e Respeito
 Área C Conectividade
 Área D Budismo
 Área E Hinduísmo
 Área F Cristianismo
 Área G Responsabilidade Humana
 Área H Confucionismo
 Área I Judaísmo
 Área J Espiritualidade Indígena (Inuítes e outros povos indígenas no Canadá e outras regiões das Américas)
 Área K Zoroastrismo
 Área L Taoismo e Xintoísmo
 Área M Jainismo
 Área N Siquismo
 Área O Fé bahá'í
 Área P Islão

As áreas H, assim como e K a P ainda estão em desenvolvimento.

Algumas das esculturas foram encomendadas diretamente de mestres aborígenes (ou africanos) e transportadas para o Canadá.

O visitante médio passa de 1 a 1,5 horas no parque.

Notas

Links

 El sítio web oficial

Parques do Canadá

Humanics


Szarvaskend é um município da Hungria, situado no condado de Vas. Tem  de área e sua população em 2015 foi estimada em 199 habitantes.

Localidades de Vas (Hungria)

Szarvaskend


Ali Cihat Aşkın (d. 1968, İstanbul), Türk keman virtüözü, besteci ve akademisyendir.

Hayatı
1968 yılında İstanbul'da, bir ailenin üç çocuğundan biri olarak doğdu. Cihat Aşkın'ın babası hafız imam Sami Aşkın, annesi ise Remziye Hanım'dır. Ailesinde müzik ile uğraşan kimse yoktu ama Aşkın, Beşiktaş'taki Dikilitaş İlkokulu'na başladığında alınan mandoliniyle, notaları öğrenmeden ilk bestelerini yapmıştır. Ziya Osman Saba'nın bir şiirini bestelediğinde, ancak 8 yaşındaydı. Beşiktaş Güzelleştirme Cemiyeti'nde keman çalışına hayran olduğu Mesut Duran'dan ilk müzik derslerini almaya başladı. Babası Sami Aşkın, oğlunun klasik müzik merakına her zaman destek verdi.

11 yaşında İTÜ Türk Müziği Devlet Konservatuvarı'na girdi. Konservatuvarda, özel Yetenekli Çocuklar Sınıfı'nda Profesör Ayhan Turan ile keman eğitimine başladı. Prof. Turan, keman çalmayı kendisine öğretti.

Cihat Aşkın, 1 yıl sonra okuldaki ilk resitalini verdi. On beş yaşına gelmeden Paganini'nin kaprislerinin tamamını çalan Aşkın, ilk orkestra konserini ise 16 yaşında İstanbul Devlet Senfoni Orkestrası'yla Tchaikovsky'nin Keman Konçertosunu çalarak verdi. Okuldan 1989 yılında mezun oldu.

Daha sonra Londra'ya giderek Kraliyet Müzik Kolejinde Profesör Rodney Friend ile çalıştı ve solistlik diploması aldı. Hemen akabinde Londra City Üniversitesi'nde Prof. Yfrah Neaman ile çalışmalarına devam etti. 1993 yılında masterını tamamladı, 1996'da doktorasını tamamlayarak Müzik Doktoru unvanını aldı, 1998 yılında doçent oldu.

1990'lı yıllarda pek çok uluslararası yarışmada ödüller alan Cihat Aşkın, başta Cumhurbaşkanlığı Senfoni Orkestrası olmak üzere ülkenin tüm orkestraları ile konserler, Edirne'den Van'a kadar hemen tüm bölgelerinde halk için resitaller verdi.
Aşkın 1995'te Yalçın Tura'nın kendisine ithaf ettiği konçertosunun dünyadaki ilk seslendirilişini gerçekleştirdi.

1998'de, Cumhuriyetin 75. yılı şerefine bugüne kadarki tüm Türk bestecilerinin keman için yazdığı eserleri araştırarak, arşivlenmesi, seslendirilmesi ve kaydedilmesini sağlamak çabasına girişti. 70 kadar besteci, 140 kadar eser tespit etti (eser sayısı sonradan yükselmiştir) Eserlerin bir kısmının kaydını bizzat kendisi yaptı.

Aşkın'ın yaptığı diğer kayıtlar arasında Hikmet Şimşek yönetiminde Macar Virtuozları eşliğinde seslendirdiği Mozart'ın Keman Konçertosu No.5 (1991), Kemancı Suna Kan ile Bach'ın îki Keman için Konçertosu (1998) vardır. Kodaly, Gliere, Halvorsen, Honnegger ve Aquiar'ın keman ve çello için eserlerini içeren CD'si 1996 yılında Meridian Şirketi tarafından Londra'da yayınlanmıştır. Sanatçının Kalan Müzik'ten Minyatürler, Ege'nin Türküsü ve Umutsuz başlıklı CD'leri yayınlandı. Minyatürler, Türkiye'de bugüne kadar bir 'klasik müzikçi'nin ulaştığı en fazla satışı yakalayan albüm oldu.

Cihat Aşkın, "Türkiye'nin en idealist keman eğitimi projesi" olarak nitelediği bir eğitim projesini gerçekleştirmektedir. Bu proje çerçevesinde yaşları 8-17 arasında değişen, müzik öğrenimi görmekte olan çocuklardan oluşan Cihat Aşkın ve Küçük Arkadaşları (CAKA) adlı bir grup kurmuştur. Her kentten yılda 20 çocuk yetiştirerek 10 yılda 1600 kemancı yetiştirmeyi hedeflemektedir.

Ödülleri
1984 İTÜ Başarı Ödülü
1985 İstanbul Filarmoni Derneği Ödülü
1987 Yehudi Menuhin Keman Yarışması "En İyi Bartok Yorumcusu"
1990 Percy Coates (Londra)
1990 Leonard Hirsch Ödülü (Londra)
1990 Isolde Menges Ödülü
1990 Kathleen Long Oda Müziği Ödülü
1990 Carl Flesch Keman Yarışması "Olağanüstü Liyakat" Ödülü
1991 Isolde Menges Ödülü (2. defa)
2002 "Foyer des Artistes" (Roma)
2010 Andante Klasik Müzik Ödülleri, 2009 Yılının En İyi Yaylı Çalgılar Yorumcusu Ödülü

Albümleri

Cihat Aşkın-Mehru Ensari-Minyatürler (1997)
1. Sarı Gelin
2. Kız Belin incedir ince
3. Ali Selimi Ayrılık
4. Für Allen
5. Dev Masalı
6. Kanto
7. Buselik Saz semaisi
8. Salacak Şarkısı
9. Tango, özleyiş
10. Ağıt1
11. Ağıt2
12. Amalimiz Efkarımız
13. Neşide-i Zafer
14. Kavak Şarkısı
15. Trakya Marşı
16. Eski bir nisan şarkısı
17. Yeni bir nisan şarkısı
18. Heyamo

Ege'nin Türküsü
(2001)(Kalan Müzik)
1. İki Balıkçı
2. Selanik Türküsü
3. İzmir Kasap Havası
4. Ferahi Zeybeği
5. Improvizasyon
6. Ninni
7. Zeybek
8. Yayla Havası
9. Karşılama: Getirin Bir Tutam Çekeyim
10. Gurbet
11. Aprillmu(ΑΠΡΙΛΗ ΜΟΥ)(Aprili Mou)(Söz-Müzik:Μίκης Θεοδωράκης(Mikis Theodorakis)
12. Sonatina: Vivo
13. Sonatina: Lento
14. Sonatina: Presto
15. Trizevae (Djivaeri) (Cevahirim)

Umutsuz / The Desperate
(2004)(Kalan Müzik)
 1. Umutsuz (6:40)
 2. Melodi (4:33)
 3. Romans op.5 (6:02)
 4. Vokaliz Op.14 (6:25)
 5. Ermeni Halk Şarkısı (4:22)
 6. Oku Tar (6:45)
 7. Baba Film Müziği (6:19)
 8. Acemkürdi Şarkı (5:37)
 9. Sultaniyegah Ağır Semai (5:24)
 10. Azeri Halk Şarkısı (3:45)
 11. Ermeni Halk Ezgisi (3:27)
 12. Azeri Halk Dansı (2:16)

Kreutzer/42 Etüd
(2006)(Kalan Müzik)

İstanbulin
(2007)(Kalan Müzik)

Albümlerinde yardımcı olanlar ve bestelerin sahipleri
Akses, Necil Kazım

Keman Konçertosu, Rengim Gökmen (şef), Radio-Philharmonie Hannover des NDR, CPO , 2001, 999 799-2
Andel, Necip Celal

Tango, Ozleyiş, düz. Askin, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Anonim

Ermeni Halk Havası, düz. Aşkın, MIAM Ensemble, Kalan, 2004, 315
Anonim Azerbaycan Halk Şarkısı (Kiz Belin Incedir Ince) düz. Aşkın, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Anonim Azerbaycan Halk Havası Elmas, düz. Aşkın, Hakan Sensoy (şef) Istanbul Oda Orkestrası, Kalan, 2004, 315
Anonim Azerbaycan Halk Havası Nazbarı-düz.Aşkın, Çağatay Akyol (arp), Kalan, 2004, 315
Anonim Çargar Oyun Havası, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble, Kalan, 2007
Anonim Ferahi, düz. Aşkın, Pal-Yarden (ses) Ege Ensemble, Kalan, 2001, 223
Anonim
	Gurbet, düz. Aşkın, Ege Ensemble, Kalan, 2001, 223
Anonim
	Heyamo, düz. Aşkın, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Anonim
	Hicaz Mandra, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble Kalan, 2007
Anonim
	Hicaz Sirto, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble Kalan, 2007
Anonim
	İstanbul Kasap Havası, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble Kalan, 2007
Anonim

İzmir Kasabiko, düz. Aşkın, Ege Ensemble, Kalan, 2001, 223
Anonim

Karşılama, düz. Aşkın, Ege Ensemble, Kalan, 2001, 223
Anonim
	Kurtuluş Kasap Havası, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble Kalan, 2007
Anonim
	Sarı Gelin (The Blonde Bride) (düz. Aşkın), Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Anonim

Selanik Türküsü, Erkan Oğur, perdesiz gitar, Kalan, 2001, 223
Anonim
	Sultaniyegah Sirto, derleyen Sadi Işılay, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble Kalan, 2007
Anonim
	Tsigana, düz. Aşkın, Ege Ensemble, Kalan, 2001, 223
Anonim
	Yayla Havası, düz. Aşkın, Ege Ensemble, Kalan, 2001, 223
Aquiar, Ernani
	Keman ve Çello için düet, Tania Lisboa (çellist) Meridian , 1996 CDE 84321
Aracı, Emre
	Keman Konçertosu Op.7, Aracı (şef) Prag Senfoni Oda Orkestrası, Kalan, 2004, 303
Arca, Mehmet Zati

Kavak Marşı, düz. Aşkın, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Halit Arman|Arman, Halit]] Recep

Trakya Marşı, düz. Aşkın, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Aşkın, Cihat

Buselik Saz Semai (Semai in Buselik Mode) Op.3, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Eski Bir Nisan Şarkısı (The old April Melody) Op.1, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Salacak Şarkısı (The Songs of Salacak) op.2, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Yeni Bir Nisan Şarkısı (The new April Melody) Op.4, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Avedisyan, Hacadur
	Melodi, düz. Aşkın, Çağatay Akyol (arp), Kalan, 2004, 315
Bach, Johann Sebastian

Re minör İkili Konçerto, Suna Kan, Cihat Aşkın, Gürer Aykal, Ankara Oda Orkestrası, UPR Classics, UPR 94004
Beken, Munir Nurettin

Für Allen (düz. Aşkın), Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan,1998, 090,
Dev Masalı (The tale of the Giant) (düz. Aşkın), Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Kanto (düz. Aşkın), Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Berio, Luciano

Ermeni Halk Şarkısı, MIAM Ensemble, Kalan, 2004,315
Bükey, Metin
	Baba, soundtrack, düz. Aşkın, Hakan Sensoy (şef) İstanbul Oda Orkestrası, Kalan, 2004,315
Dede Efendi
Sultaniyegah Ağır Semai, düz. Aşkın, Hakan Sensoy (şef) İstanbul Oda Orkestrası, Kalan, 2004,315
Dinicu, Grigoras

Hora Martisorului, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble, Kalan, 2007
Erkin, Ulvi Cemal

Keman Konçertosu, Rengim Gökmen (şef), İzmir Devlet Senfoni Orkestrası, BD 9802, 1998
İmprovizasyon, Ninni ve Zeybek, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 2001, 223
Fersan, Refik

Acemkurdi Şarkı (Şarkısı in Acemkurdi Mode) düz. Aşkın, Hakan Sensoy (şef), İstanbul Oda Orkestrası, Kalan, 2004, 315

Gliere, Reinhold

Keman ve Çello için 8 Düet, Tania Lisboa (çellist) Meridian, 1996 CDE 84321
Göçmen, Musa
	Ağıt 1 & 2 düz. Aşkın, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Haendel, Georg Friedrich
	Passacaglia (düz. Halvorsen), Tania Lisboa (çellist) Meridian, 1996 CDE 84321
Honegger, Artur
	Keman ve Çello için Sonat, Tania Lisboa (çellist) Meridian, 1996 CDE 84321
Kodály, Zoltan
	Keman ve Çello için Düet Op.7, Tania Lisboa (çellist) Meridian , 1996 CDE 84321
Kemani Kevser Hanım

Nihavend Longa, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble, Kalan, 2007
Kemani Sebuh Ağa

Kürdilihicazkar Longa, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble, Kalan, 2007
Kreutzer, Rodolphe 42 Etüd, Kalan Müzik, 2006, 377
Mousorgski, Modest

On the southern shore of Crimea, düz. Orga, Aracı (şef) Londra Akademisi Osmanlı Saray Müziği, Warner Classics, 2004, 2564 61472-2
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus

Keman Konçertosu No.5 in A, K.519, Hikmet Şimşek (şef), Macaristan Virtuosi (1989), Hungaroton, SLPD 31448-49
Poyraz, Nuri Halil

Hicazkar Sirto, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble, Kalan, 2007
Rahmaninov, Sergey

Vocaliz, düz. Aşkın, Hakan Sensoy (şef) Istanbul Oda Orkestrası, Kalan, 2004, 315
Rafet Bey, Miralay

Amalimiz Efkarimiz, düz. Aşkın, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Rıfat Bey,

Priere pour Sultan Murad V, Araci (şef) Londra Akademisi Osmanlı Saray Müziği, Warner Classics, 2004, 2564 61472-2
Rüstemov, Seyid

Oku Tar, Akif Sadıkov (Tar (çalgı)|tar]]), Ilyas Mirzayef (piyano), Kalan, 2004, 315
Santuri Edhem Efendi

Şehnaz Longa, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble, Kalan, 2007
Leyla Saz|Saz, Leyla]]

Neside-i Zafer (The joy of victory) düz.Aşkın, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Selimi, Ali

Ayrılık, düz. Aşkın, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 1998, 090
Tanburi Cemil Bey

Çeçen Kızı, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble, Kalan, 2007
Nikriz Longa, düz. Aşkın, Aşkın Ensemble, Kalan, 2007
Çaykovski, Pyotr İlyiç

Romans, düz. Aşkın, Hakan Sensoy (şef) İstanbul Oda Orkestrası, Kalan, 2004, 315
Theodorakis, Mikis

Aprilimu, düz. Aşkın, Ege Ensemble, Kalan, 2001, 223
Keman ve Piyano için Sonat, Mehru Ensari (piyanist) Kalan, 2001, 223
Tura, Yalçın

Umutsuz (The desperate),düz.Aşkın, ITU MIAM Oda Orkestrası, Kalan, 2004, 315

Kaynakça

1968 doğumlular
Türk kemancılar
20. yüzyıl Türk bestecileri
21. yüzyıl Türk bestecileri
Türk güzel sanatlar akademisyenleri
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
Cumhurbaşkanlığı Senfoni Orkestrası sanatçıları
Yaşayan insanlar
İstanbul doğumlu besteciler
Resim aranan müzisyenler

Cihat Aşkın


La Interstate 55 Business Loop (abreviada I-55 Bus Loop) es una arteria periférica de la Interestatal 55 en el centro de Springfield en el ubicada en el estado de Illinois. La autopista inicia en el sur desde la  hacia el norte en la I 5 y la .

Recorrido
La Interstate 55 Business Loop corre en sentido norte-sur sobre el centro de Springfield. La autopista usa las calles seis y nueve, y Peoria Road. En el extremo norte se conecta con la Interestatal 55 en Sherman y en el extremo sur se conecta con la Interestatal 55, la Interestatal 72 y la U.S. Route 36 en el Sixth Street Interchange.

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las carreteras estatales, las carreteras federales, la Interstate 55 Business Loop es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Illinois por sus siglas en inglés IDOT.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Información general de la  Interstate 55 Business Loop
 Página oficial  de IDOT
 Lista de ciudades servidas por autopistas interestatales
 Lista de Autopistas por estado

Carreteras interestatales de Illinois
Springfield (Illinois)

en:Interstate 55 in Illinois#Related routes

Interstate 55 Business Loop (Springfield, Illinois)


රුවන්පුර ලක්ෂ්මන් ද සිල්වා (උපත 1916 ඔක්තෝබර් 15) ලංකා දේශපාලඥයෙකි.

1960 මාර්තු 19 දින පැවති 4 වැනි පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණයේදී ද සිල්වා ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්ෂ අපේක්ෂකයා ලෙස අලුතින් නිර්මාණය කරන ලද බලපිටිය ආසනයෙන් තරග කළේය. ඔහු ඡන්ද 8,465ක් (මුළු ඡන්ද ප්‍රමාණයෙන් 33%ක්), ලංකා සමසමාජ පක්ෂයේ අපේක්ෂක එල්. සී. ද සිල්වාට වඩා ඡන්ද 647ක් ඉදිරියෙන් සහ එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂ අපේක්ෂක ඉයන් ද සොයිසාට වඩා ඡන්ද 2,230ක් ඉදිරියෙන් සිටියේය. කෙසේ වෙතත් මැතිවරණ ප්‍රතිඵලය ලංකාවේ ප්‍රධාන පක්ෂ දෙකෙන් එකකටවත් බහුතර බලයක් ඉතිරි නොකළ අතර ප්‍රතිඵලය වූයේ තවත් මැතිවරණයක් කැඳවීමයි. පසුව 1960 ජූලි 20 දින පැවති 5 වන පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණයෙන් ඔහු නැවත තේරී පත් විය. මෙවර ඡන්ද 13,812ක් (මුළු ඡන්ද ප්‍රමාණයෙන් 55%ක්) සහ එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂ අපේක්ෂක වී.ටී. ද සොයිසාට වඩා ඡන්ද 2,971ක් ඉදිරියෙන් සිටී.  1964 දෙසැම්බර් 3 වැනිදා සිරිමාවෝ බණ්ඩාරනායක ආණ්ඩුවේ රාජාසන කතාව පරදවා පුවත්පත් ජනසතු කිරීමට නියෝජ්‍ය නායක චාල්ස් පර්සිවාල් ද සිල්වා සමඟ ඉවත් වූ ශ්‍රීලනිප සාමාජිකයන් දහතුන් දෙනාගෙන් එක් අයෙක් ලක්ෂ්මන් ය.

1965 මාර්තු 22 දින පැවති 6 වැනි පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණයේදී ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් සමාජවාදී පක්ෂයේ (SLFSP) අපේක්ෂකයා ලෙස බලපිටිය ආසනයට තරඟ කළේය. ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්‍ෂය සමඟ එක්‌සත් ජාතික පක්‍ෂය සන්ධානයක් ගොඩනඟා ගෙන මැතිවරණ කොට්‌ඨාසයට අපේක්‍ෂකයකු ඉදිරිපත් කළේ නැත, ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් පක්‌ෂය ද ඉදිරිපත් කළේ නැත. ද සිල්වා මහතා ඡන්ද 16,519ක් (මුළු ඡන්ද ප්‍රමාණයෙන් 49%ක්) ලබාගත් නමුත් ලංකා සමසමාජ පක්ෂයේ අපේක්ෂක ලොකුගේ චන්ද්‍රදාස ද සිල්වා මහතා විසින් ඡන්ද 96කින් පරාජයට පත් විය.  1967 දෙසැම්බරයේදී ලොකුගේ ද සිල්වා මහතා රජය සමඟ ගිවිසුමක් ඇති කර ගත් බව පවසමින් තනතුරෙන් ඉවත් විය.  ඉන් අනතුරුව එම ආසනය සඳහා 1968 දෙසැම්බර් 17 වැනි දින අතුරු මැතිවරණයක් පවත්වන ලද අතර එහිදී ලංකා සම සමර පක්ෂයේ අපේක්ෂක වීරසිංහ ද සිල්වා ඡන්ද 1,530 කින් පරාජය කරමින් එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය නියෝජනය කරමින් ද සිල්වා නැවත තේරී පත් විය.

1970 මහ පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණයේදී එක්සත් පෙරමුණේ කොටසක් ලෙස ඉදිරිපත් වූ වීරසිංහ ද සිල්වා මහතා විසින් ද සිල්වා මහතා පරාජයට පත් කරන ලද්දේ ඡන්ද 8,000 කට වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයකින් ආසනය දිනා ගනිමිනි.  1977 ජුලි 21 දින පැවති 8 වැනි පාර්ලිමේන්තු මැතිවරණයේදී ද සිල්වා එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයේ නාමයෝජනා ලබා ගැනීමට අපොහොසත් වූ අතර එම නිසා ස්වාධීන අපේක්ෂකයෙකු ලෙස ඉදිරිපත් විය. ඔහු නැවත තේරී පත්වීමේ උත්සාහය අසාර්ථක වූ අතර, ඡන්ද 4,556 ක් (මුළු ඡන්ද වලින් 16.4%) ලබාගෙන, එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂ අපේක්ෂක නෝමන් වෛද්‍යරත්නට වඩා ඡන්ද 11,189 කින් අඩු විය.

යොමු කිරීම්

Date of death missing
1916 උපත්

ලක්ෂ්මන් ද සිල්වා


fue un intelectual y economista de tendencia marxista japonés.

Se graduó en la Universidad Imperial de Tokio. Tras escribir en Yomiuri Shimbun, fue contratado como profesor de economía en la Universidad de Kioto. Se fue aproximando al marxismo, y participó en el incidente del 15 de marzo de 1928, siendo expulsado de la universidad como subversivo. Al año siguiente, estuvo entre los fundadores del partido Shinrōtō. Kawakami continuó publicando en la revista económica de orientación marxista "Estudios de Problemas Sociales". Se afilió al ilegal Partido Comunista de Japón, por lo que fue encarcelado entre 1933 y 1937. Tras ser puesto en libertad, tradujo El capital del alemán al japonés. Pasó el resto de su vida escribiendo todo tipo de literatura: ensayo, novela, poesía y su autobiografía Jijoden, que escribió secretamente entre 1943 y 1945 y publicó de forma seriada en 1946, convirtiéndose en un best-seller.

Notas

Enlaces externos
 Takutoshi Inoue y Kiichiro Yagi, Two Inquirers on the Divide: Tokuzo Fukuda and Hajime Kawakami, Facultad de Economía de la Universidad de Kioto.

Economistas de Japón
Escritores de Japón del siglo XX
Filósofos de Japón del siglo XX
Marxistas de Japón
Economistas marxistas

Hajime Kawakami


Romanid é uma língua auxiliar zonal para falantes de línguas românicas, destinada a usar ela sem um estudo prévio. Foi criado pelo professor de língua húngara Zoltán Magyar, que publicou uma primeira versão em maio de 1956 e uma segunda em dezembro de 1957. Em 1984, publicou um livro de frases com uma gramática curta, no qual apresenta uma versão um pouco mais simplificada da linguagem.

A linguagem é baseada nos sentidos das palavras mais comuns em francês, italiano, português e espanhol. Diz-se que é raro, mesmo na Hungria, onde se originou. Segundo o jornal russo Trud, o Romanid, do ponto de vista estrutural, é "consideravelmente mais simples e fácil de aprender que o Esperanto".

Exemplo

 (versão de 1957)

 (versão de 1984)

 (tradução)
 Meu projeto linguístico chamado Romanid foi publicado já em maio do ano passado como um estudo científico em húngaro. . .

Referências

Bibliografia

 Zoltán Magyar. A Romanid nyelv rövid nyelvtana . Debrecen, 1958.
 Zoltán Magyar, "Mi az interlingvisztika? (A nemzetközi világnyelvekről)". Em: Alföld, n. 8, 1965.
 Zoltán Magyar, Romanid. Tájékoztató és társalgási könyv, Kossuth Lajos Tudományegyetem, Debrecen, 1984 (ISBN  963 471 337 8).
 Zsuzsa Varga-Haszonits, "Romanid". Em: István Fodor, A világ nyelvei . Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapeste, 1999 (ISBN 963 05 7597 3), pág. 1222-1223.

Ligações externas

 Projeto de Documentações Romanid
 Guia gramatical para a língua romanida
Línguas artificiais

Romanid


بجه هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء جبيل في محافظة جبل لبنان.

أعلامها
 أديب الصعيبي،  (1921 - 1986) عالم أدبي وشاعر.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء جبيل
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
تجمعات مارونية في لبنان
مدن لبنان

بجه


Balıklı Çayı Amasya ili sınırları içinde bulunan bir çayın adıdır. Sarayözü Barajı bu çayın üzerine kurulmuştur.

1986-1989 yılları arasında inşa edilen Sarayözü Barajı, bu çay üzerinde kurulmuştur. Ana amacı bölgedeki tarım arazilerinin sulanmasıdır.

2013 yılından itibaren ise Erzincan'ın Çayırlı İlçesi'nde inşaatı devam eden Turnaçayırı Barajı da Balıklı Çayı üzerinde yer almakta olup projenin inşaatı devam etmektedir.

Kaynakça

Amasya'daki çaylar

Balıklı Çayı


En arithmétique, un nombre superparfait est un entier strictement positif  tel que
,

où  est la fonction somme des diviseurs. Les nombres superparfaits sont une généralisation des nombres parfaits. Le terme a été inventé par D. Suryanarayana (1969).

Les  premiers nombres superparfaits sont :

 2, 4, 16, 64, 4096, 65536, 262144, 1073741824

Pour illustrer : on peut voir que 16 est un nombre superparfait car σ(16) = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 = 31, et σ(31) = 1 + 31 = 32, donc σ(σ(16) ) = 32 = 2 × 16.

Si n est un nombre superparfait pair, alors n doit être une puissance de 2, disons 2k, telle que le nombre de Mersenne 2 k+1 − 1 soit premier.

On ne sait pas s'il existe des nombres superparfaits impairs. Un nombre superparfait impair n devrait être un nombre carré tel que n ou σ(n) soit divisible par au moins trois nombres premiers distincts. Il n'y a pas de nombres superparfaits impairs en dessous de 7 .

Généralisations
Les nombres parfaits et superparfaits sont des exemples de la classe plus large des nombres m-superparfaits, qui satisfont

correspondant à m = 1 et 2 respectivement. Pour m ≥ 3 il n'y a pas de nombres m-superparfaits.

Les nombres m-superparfaits sont à leur tour des exemples de nombres (m, k)-parfaits qui satisfont

 .

Avec cette notation, les nombres parfaits sont (1, 2)-parfaits, les nombres multiparfaits sont (1, k)-parfaits, les nombres superparfaits sont (2, 2)-parfaits et les nombres m -superparfaits sont (m, 2)-parfaits.

Bibliographie

Références

Entier naturel
Suite d'entiers

Nombre superparfait


SPECTRE (også stavet som S.P.E.C.T.R.E.) er en fiktiv kriminel organisation som kan findes i Ian Flemings bøger om den britiske agent James Bond.

Navnet er en forkortelse af SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extorsion ('Specialgruppen for kontraspionage, terrorisme, hævn og afpresning').

S.P.E.C.T.R.E. ledes af den karismatiske superskurk Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Organisationen er bygget op i celler og Emilio Largo var efter sigende næstkommanderende. Hver celle består af tre til seks personer rekrutteret fra forskellige forbryder- og hemmelige organisationer såsom Gestapo, Unione Corse, SMERSH og Mafiaen) . I bogen Thunderball er hovedkvarteret placeret i Paris. I On Her Majesty's Secret Service holder organisationen til på bjerget Piz Gloria i Schweiz.

Organisationen introduceres for første gang i bogen Thunderball fra 1961. I filmene om James Bond er organisationen allerede med i den første film Dr. No (1962). Organisationen optræder i adskillige Bond-film og forsvinder aldrig helt før i For Your Eyes Only da Bond skaffer sig af med Blofeld ved at tippe ham ned i en stor fabriksskorsten.

Den 4. december 2014 blev det bekræftet at den 24. film om James Bond (fra EON Productions) ville få titlen Spectre. Filmen havde premiere i 2015.

Eksterne henvisninger
 mjnewton: Blofeldt
 jamesbond.wikia.com: SPECTRE

James Bond-skurke
Fiktive organisationer

SPECTRE (James Bond)


Vidisha (en hindi; विदिशा जिला) es un distrito de la India en el estado de Madhya Pradesh. Código ISO: IN.MP.VI.

Comprende una superficie de 7 362 km².

El centro administrativo es la ciudad de Vidisha.

Demografía
Según censo 2011 contaba con una población total de 1 458 212 habitantes, de los cuales 689 413 eran mujeres y 768 799 varones.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Vidisha

Distrito de Vidisha


The Sky Is Everywhere ou Le ciel est partout, est un film dramatique américain réalisé par Josephine Decker et écrit par Jandy Nelson, basé sur son roman du même nom. Il est sorti le 11 février 2022 par A24 et Apple TV+.

Synopsis
Élevée dans le Nord de la Californie par sa grand-mère, Lennie est une adolescente douée en musique, très proche de sa grande sœur Bailey, avec qui elle envisage d'entrer à la Juilliard School.

Mais Bailey meurt soudainement, à cause d'un trouble du rythme cardiaque. En plein deuil, Lennie se rapproche de Toby, le petit ami de Bailey. Elle rencontre également Joe Fontaine, un nouveau venu au lycée. Petit à petit, un triangle amoureux se dessine.

Fiche technique
 Titre original :
 Réalisation : Josephine Decker
 Scénario : Jandy Nelson, d'après son propre roman  (2010)
 Musique : Caroline Shaw
 Photographie : Ava Berkofsky
 Montage : Laura Zempel
 Décors : Alex Brandenburg
 Costumes : Sarah Maiorino
 Direction artistique : Cat Navarro
 Production : Allison Rose Carter, Josephine Decker, Denise Di Novi, Margaret French-Isaac
 Sociétés de production : A24, DiNovi Pictures
 Distribution : A24, Apple TV+
 Genre : drame
 Durée : 103 minutes
 Pays d'origine :
 Langue originale : anglais
 Budget :
 Format : 2.10:1
 Date de sortie :

Distribution
 Grace Kaufman : Lennie Walker
 Jason Segel  : Big Walker
 Cherry Jones  : Gram Walker
 Jacques Colimon  : Joe Fontaine
 Ji-young Yoo  : Sarah
 Havana Rose Liu : Bailey Walker
 Pico Alexander  : Toby Shaw
 Julia Schlaepfer  : Rachel
 Tyler Lofton : Marcus

À propos du film
C'est un film à propos du deuil et de l'amour, un film à la fois triste et joyeux. Il explore ces deux émotions, particulièrement extrêmes pendant l'adolescence.

Lennie, au début renfermée sur elle-même, s'ouvre petit à petit aux autres. Elle se rapproche notamment de Toby, le petit copain de sa grande sœur Bailey. Quand Lennie tombe amoureuse de Joe Fontaine, ses émotions sont explosives.

L'équipe du film est principalement féminine, avec une réalisatrice, une scénariste, des productrices. Le scénario est adapté par Jandy Nelson, d'après son propre roman , un roman ado à succès.

Le film est produit par la société indépendante A24, et diffusé par Apple TV+.

Réception critique
Le film reçoit reçu un accueil plutôt favorable de la critique. Il obtient un score moyen de 66% sur Metacritic, basé sur 20 critiques, et de 65% sur Rotten Tomatoes, avec un score de 58% pour le public.

Références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2022
Film musical dramatique américain
Film musical romantique américain
Film d'A24
Film d'Apple TV+
Adaptation d'un roman américain au cinéma
Film tourné en Californie
Film musical américain des années 2020

The Sky Is Everywhere


Heidrun Kang, geb. Heidrun Sundermann (* 28. März 1939 in Bielefeld, Deutschland) ist eine deutsch-südkoreanische Philologin, Übersetzerin, Herausgeberin und Hochschullehrerin, die sich besonders um die Verbreitung südkoreanischer Literatur im deutschen Sprachgebiet verdient gemacht hat. Sie ist seit 2002 Ehrenbürgerin von Seoul, erhielt 2006 das Bundesverdienstkreuz am Bande und im Jahr 2010 den Mirok-Li-Preis der Deutsch-Koreanischen Gesellschaft.

Leben
Heidi Kang erwarb die Allgemeine Hochschulreife (Abitur) im Jahr 1958 im Bavink-Gymnasium zu Bielefeld (heute Gymnasium am Waldhof). Sie studierte Deutsch, Englisch und Französisch für das Lehramt und machte ihren Magister Artium im Jahr 1962 an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in München. Mit ihrem Mann Prof. Kang Bingou zog sie 1963 um nach Seoul. Zu ihren Aufgaben gehörte ab 1977 die Leitung der Deutschen Schule Seoul. Dann folgten ab 1983 Positionen als Lektorin, zuletzt als Professorin für Deutsche Sprache an der Hankuk University for Foreign Studies (HUFS) in Seoul.

Auf der 57. Frankfurter Buchmesse von 2005 war Südkorea Gastland, und Heidi Kang gab einige Interviews.

Beim Aufbau des Alumni-Netzwerks Deutschland-Korea (ADeKo) ab 2008, das Koreaner vereint, die in Deutschland studiert haben, wirkte sie als stellvertretende Vorstandsvorsitzende mit. Ferner ist sie Chief Executive Officer der STAR Korea AG, einem Unternehmen der STAR Group (IT- und Medienbranche) mit Hauptsitz in der Schweiz, und Vorstandsmitglied der Koreanisch-Deutschen Gesellschaft e. V. (KDG) in Seoul.

Als Übersetzerin arbeitet sie viel mit der 20 Jahre jüngeren Südkoreanerin Ahn So-hyun zusammen. Eine solche Zusammenarbeit zweier Native Speaker der Quell- und der Zielsprache ist bei Übersetzungen vom Koreanischen ins Deutsche häufig anzutreffen.

Werke und Übersetzungen
Ein Weg für unser Volk - Betrachtungen zum sozialen Wiederaufbau, von Park Chung Hee, Dong-A Verlag, Seudaimun-Ku, Seoul 1964.
Meine koreanische Familie, von Heidi Kang, Merian Mai 1988, Heft Nr. 5, Jg. 41, S. 70–72
 Die Koreaner, von John H. T. Harvey. Übersetzt von Heidi Kang, Copyright Korean Overseas Information Service, Seoul 1993, ISBN 89-7375-203-0
 Wind und Wasser, von Kim Won-il. Übersetzt von Heidi Kang und Ahn So-hyun, mit einem Nachwort von Heidi Kang, bei Pendragon, Bielefeld 1998, ISBN 3-929096-56-0
 Am Ende der Zeit. Herausgegeben von Helga Picht und Heidi Kang, bei Pendragon, Bielefeld 1999, ISBN 3-929096-84-6
 Der entstellte Held, von Yi Mun-yol. Übersetzt von Kim Hi-youl und Heidi Kang, mit einem Nachwort von Heidi Kang, bei Pendragon, Bielefeld 1999, ISBN 3-929096-73-0
 Menschen aus dem Norden, Menschen aus dem Süden, von Lee Ho-chol. Übersetzt von Ahn In-kyoung und Heidi Kang, mit einem Nachwort von Heidi Kang, bei Pendragon, Bielefeld 2002, ISBN 3-934872-23-9
 Ein ganz einfaches gepunktetes Kleid. Herausgegeben von Ahn So-hyun und Heidi Kang, bei Pendragon, Bielefeld 2004, ISBN 3-934872-57-3
 Die Sympathie der Goldfische, von Lee Chang-dong. Übersetzt von Heidi Kang und Ahn So-hyun, enthalten in Die Sympathie der Goldfische, herausgegeben von Friedhelm Bertulies, bei Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt (M) 2005, ISBN 3-518-41719-3
 Dokkaebi - Korean Motifs/Koreanische Motive, von Ahn Sang-soo. Englische Übersetzung von Brian Berry, deutsche Übersetzung von Heidi Kang, bei Ernst Wasmuth Verlag, Tübingen 2005, ISBN 3-8030-0657-0
 Schwertgesang, von Kim Hoon. Übersetzt von Heidi Kang und Ahn So-hyun, bei Edition Delta, Stuttgart 2008, ISBN 978-3-927648-22-7
 Koreas Holzkunsthandwerk, von Son Young-hak. Übersetzt von Heidi Kang, bei LIT Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-8258-0770-2
Kirchenarchitekt Alwin Schmid, von Jung-Shin Kim. Übersetzt von Eunjeoung Gross und Heidi Kang, bei EOS-Verlag, Sankt Ottilien 2016, ISBN 978-3830678052

Weblinks
 German acknowledged for translating Korean novels
 Daesan Literary Award 2011, zusammen mit Ahn So-hyun
 Mirok-Li-Preis 2010
 Interview mit Heidi Kang, Deutschlandfunk 19. Oktober 2005
 Lage des K., Der Spiegel 36/1967
 Literatur von und über Heidi Kang in der DNB

Autor
Übersetzer aus dem Koreanischen
Übersetzer ins Deutsche
Literatur (Koreanisch)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Seoul)
Träger des Bundesverdienstkreuzes am Bande
Ehrenbürger von Seoul
Deutscher
Südkoreaner
Geboren 1939
Frau

Heidi Kang


L'administration pénitentiaire du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg est le service public, placé sous tutelle du ministère de la Justice luxembourgeois, chargé de l'exécution des décisions de justice en matière pénale et de favoriser la réinsertion sociale des personnes qui lui sont confiées par l'autorité judiciaire.

Histoire

Organisation
L'organisation et les missions de l'administration pénitentiaire luxembourgeoises sont définies par la loi du  portant réforme de l'Administration pénitentiaire. L'administration pénitentiaire est actuellement dirigée par Serge Legil.

L'administration pénitentiaire du Luxembourg est comprend :
 la direction de l'administration pénitentiaire ;
 le centre pénitentiaire d'Uerschterhaff ;
 le centre pénitentiaire de Luxembourg ;
 le centre pénitentiaire de Givenich ;
 l'institut de formation pénitentiaire

Missions

Personnel de l'administration pénitentiaire

Liste des directeurs de l'administration pénitentiaire
Les directeurs de l'administration pénitentiaire sont successivement :

Événements
Le , l'administration pénitentiaire se dote d'un nouvelle identité visuelle.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Système pénitentiaire au Luxembourg
Administration publique au Luxembourg
Service ou agence pénitentiaire et correctionnel

Administration pénitentiaire (Luxembourg)


Casa parohială a bisericii românești este un monument istoric aflat pe teritoriul satului Porumbenii Mari, comuna Porumbeni.. Se află pe noua listă a monumentelor istorice sub codul LMI: .

Istoric și trăsături
Datează de la începutul secolului al XVIII-lea și prezintă următoarea compartimentare: tindă deschisă, "casa mare" și casa mică (cu cămară). Pereții din bârne rotunde și pivniță semiîngropată sub "casa mare", cu gârliciul marcat prin pilaștri de piatră, cuprinzând scara, de asemenea din lespezi de piatră, și sub acoperiș în două pante.

Tavanul din podini, cu întâlnirile marcate prin grinzi profilate, este suprapus pe bârne cu muchiile teșite, cu capetele alungite în afara pereților. Acoperișul este în patru pante, cu învelitoare din țiglă.

Note

Bibliografie

Vezi și
 Porumbenii Mari, Harghita
 Biserica Sfântul Nicolae din Porumbenii Mari

Imagini

Monumente istorice din județul Harghita

Casa parohială a bisericii românești din Porumbenii Mari


In God We Trust, Inc. is an EP by hardcore punk band Dead Kennedys and the first of the group's releases with drummer D.H. Peligro. The record is a screed against things ranging from organized religion and Neo-Nazis, to the pesticide Kepone and government indifference that worsened the effects of Minamata disease catastrophes. In God We Trust, Inc. is also the first Dead Kennedys album released after the presidential election of Ronald Reagan and features the band's first references to Reagan, for which they—and hardcore punk as a genre—would become notorious.

Background
During 1980 and 1981 the American punk scene saw an influx of 7-inch EPs from Washington D.C.'s Dischord Records from bands like Minor Threat and Teen Idles. These short, high-tempo records packed in as many as 10 songs each and helped define the 1980s genre of hardcore punk.

In wanting to pay tribute to this faster form of punk rock, and to showcase the talents of their new drummer D.H. Peligro, Dead Kennedys put together some new material and sped up a few songs that had only been heard on their 1978 demos and in early live shows. These songs became the basis for In God We Trust, Inc. Keeping with the rough-hewn style of D.C. hardcore, bits of tape leads announcing the take number and including drumstick clicks and count-offs precede many of the record's songs.

Recording
Dead Kennedys initially recorded eight songs at Subterranean Studios on June 19, 1981. All tracks were recorded live without overdubs to ½" 8-track reel and with the band determining some of the songs' arrangements between takes. The session was videotaped by Joe Rees of Target Video with Mike Fox, the session engineer, sending the rough mix to the video feed. When the group took the tracks to be mixed, they discovered that the magnetic tape used for the recording was defective—the oxide surface of the tape began to peel during playback, thereby destroying the recordings. The band then re-recorded all eight songs on August 22 at Mobius Music, and these recordings were released on the EP.

Years later, enhanced restoration techniques allowed for five tracks to be recovered from the master tapes from the earlier Subterranean sessions. These, along with the rough video mixes of the remaining three songs, appear on the DVD The Lost Tapes.

Songs

Much of the material on the EP was left over from earlier in the Dead Kennedys' career. Second guitarist 6025, who'd left the band in 1979, wrote the lead track, "Religious Vomit". The song "Kepone Factory" is a reworking of "Kepone Kids", which appeared on the group's 1978 demo tape. Alternate versions of "Moral Majority" and "Nazi Punks Fuck Off" were on a single packaged with an anti-fascist armband. "We've Got a Bigger Problem Now" is a rewritten version of the band's early single "California über alles". Originally a dig at California governor Jerry Brown, the band reworked the song to be about newly elected president Ronald Reagan and added an element of lounge music in contrast with the fast-tempo hardcore punk music on the rest of the record. The EP closes with a cover of the theme from the 1960s TV show Rawhide.

Artwork and releases

The album cover depicts a golden Jesus crucified on a cross of dollar bills, with a background of a shiny metal material. The band released the record internationally in 1981 on their own Alternative Tentacles label, in partnership with various other independent record labels in North America, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. The original vinyl version's A-side comprised tracks 1–5, and Side B tracks 6–8.

The original cassette version compiled all 8 songs on Side A and left Side B intentionally devoid of any sound. Printed on the cassette's second side was the explanation, "Home taping is killing record industry profits!  We left this side blank so you can help."

In God We Trust, Inc. first appeared on compact disc in 1985 as bonus material added to the Dead Kennedys' 1982 LP Plastic Surgery Disasters.

Track listing

Personnel
Dead Kennedys
 Jello Biafra – lead vocals, artwork
 East Bay Ray – guitar, backing vocals on "Moral Majority", producer
 Klaus Flouride – bass, backing vocals
 D.H. Peligro – drums
Additional Performers
 Ninotchka (Therese Soder) – backing vocals on "Moral Majority"
 Annette Olesen – backing vocals on "Moral Majority"
 HyJean – backing vocals on "Moral Majority"
 Darvon – backing vocals on "Moral Majority"
 Siobhan – backing vocals on "Moral Majority"
Production
 Norm – producer, mixer
 Oliver Dicicco – engineer
 Annette Olesen – 2nd engineer
 Winston Smith – artwork

Charts

Certifications

References

1981 debut EPs
Dead Kennedys albums
Alternative Tentacles EPs
Songs about Ronald Reagan

In God We Trust, Inc.


Badulla (en tamil: பதுளை ) es una ciudad de Sri Lanka, capital de la provincia de Uva y del distrito homónimo.

Geografía
Se encuentra a una altitud de 677  a 212 km de la capital nacional, Colombo, en la zona horaria UTC +5:30.

Demografía
Según estimación 2011 contaba con una población de 47 288 habitantes.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth.

Localidades de Sri Lanka

Badulla


Long Ridge ist der Name folgender Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten:

 Long Ridge (Connecticut)
 Long Ridge (Kentucky)
 Long Ridge (North Carolina)
 Long Ridge (South Carolina)
 Long Ridge (Virginia)

Long Ridge  steht für:
 Long Ridge (Ellsworthland), Gebirgskamm in den Hauberg Mountains, Antarktika
 Long Ridge (Heard), Gebirgskamm auf der Insel Heard im Indischen Ozean
 Long Ridge (Kalifornien), Berg im San Mateo County, Kalifornien
 Long Ridge Mall, New York

Long Ridge


දෙවන එලිසබෙත් රැජිණ රාජ්‍ය නායක වන රාජ්‍යයන් ගණන ඇය රාජාසනය මත හිඳි වසර  තුල වරින්වර වෙනස්වී ඇත. නිදහස් රටවල් 32ක ඇය රජවී ඇති අතර ඉන් 16ක ඇය දැනටත් කිරුල දරයි.  දැනටත් ඇය කිරුල දරන රාජ්‍යයන් පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩල බල ප්‍රදේශ ලෙස (ලා කොළ පැහැති) හැඳින්වේ. Remainder show in dark green the reign of Elizabeth II as their monarch, from their independence until their adoption of a republican form of government.

Fiji is a unique case, having become a republic through a military coup in 1987, but its Great Council of Chiefs continues to recognise Elizabeth II as queen, or Paramount Chief, though this is only as a ceremonial title, with no role in government at all. Her reign over the United Kingdom includes the fourteen British overseas territories and the Crown Dependencies.

See also

 Timeline of country and capital changes
 List of Prime Ministers of Queen Elizabeth II
 Country
 Personal union

සටහන්

දෙවන එලිසබෙත් රැජන
ගතිලක්ෂණ අනුව රටවල්
කැනබාව-ආශ්‍රිත ලැයිස්තු
එක්සත් රාජධානිය-ආශ්‍රිත ලැයිස්තු
පොදු රාජ්‍ය මණ්ඩල බල ප්‍රදේශ


Friedrich Karl Adolf Koegel, auch Fritz Kögel (* 2. August 1860 in Hasserode; † 20. Oktober 1904 in Jena), war ein deutscher Schriftsteller, Philologe, Komponist und Unternehmer.

Werdegang
Fritz Koegel wurde als erstes von vierzehn Kindern des von 1859 bis 1863 in Hasserode-Friedrichsthal im Kreis Wernigerode der preußischen Provinz Sachsen und, nach einer Station in Schochwitz, von 1870 bis 1899 in Staßfurt tätigen evangelisch-lutherischen Pfarrers Adolf Koegel (1831–1899) und seiner Frau Ida, geb. Rocholl (1838–1892), geboren. Mütterlicherseits war er ein Vetter der Erfinder und Unternehmer Reinhard Mannesmann und Max Mannesmann. 1898 heiratete er Emily Gelzer (1877–1906), Tochter des klassischen Philologen, Althistorikers und Byzantinisten Heinrich Gelzer und seiner Frau Clara, geb. Thurneysen (1853–1919).

Das Ehepaar ist durch die gemeinsame Veröffentlichung von Kindergedichten unter dem Titel Die Arche Noah bekannt geworden.

Wie schon sein Vater und sein Großvater Friedrich Johann Koegel (1800–1858), ebenfalls evangelisch-lutherischer Pfarrer, besuchte Fritz Koegel bis zum Abitur die Lateinschule der Franckeschen Stiftungen in Halle (Saale). Vom Sommersemester 1878 bis zum Sommersemester 1881 studierte er in München, Halle (Saale) und Göttingen Geschichte, Germanistik und Philosophie. 1883 promovierte er in Halle (Saale) beim Philosophen Hermann Ulrici. Seine Dissertation über Die körperlichen Gestalten der Poesie beruht auf der Ästhetik von Hermann Lotze.

Schon vor der Promotion begann er mit dem Schreiben kulturkritischer Essays, von denen bis Mitte 1886 mehr als 30 in renommierten bürgerlichen Zeitschriften wie Die Grenzboten und Die Gegenwart (1872–1931) – sowie vor allem in der Täglichen Rundschau (Berlin) erschienen.

Ab Herbst 1885 war Koegel als Redakteur der von Philipp von Nathusius-Ludom herausgegebenen, nach Erscheinen von Band 3 (1889) eingestellten Deutschen Encyklopädie. Ein neues Universallexikon für alle Gebiete des Wissens ein Jahr in Rudolstadt tätig. Anschließend nahm er das Angebot seiner Vettern an, sie, zuerst bis zum Frühjahr 1890 von Remscheid aus, beim Aufbau ihrer Röhrenwalzwerke zu unterstützen. Beteiligt war er auch an der endgültigen Gründung der "Actien-Gesellschaft Deutsch-Österreichische Mannesmannröhren-Werke" am 16. Juli 1890, als deren erster Verwaltungsdirektor er am prominenten Sitz der Gesellschaft in Berlin, Pariser Platz 6, fungierte. Er folgte in Berlin aber auch seinen literarischen Neigungen: So entstanden, unter dem Eindruck seiner Nietzsche-Lektüre, Vox humana. Auch ein Beichtbuch und Gastgaben. Sprüche eines Wanderers. Als begeisterte Leserin offenbarte sich ihm Ida Coblenz, über deren Vermittlung es zu Begegnungen mit Stefan George im Juni und Juli 1892 in Berlin kam. Für kurze Zeit wurde er von Carl August Klein, dem designierten Herausgeber der Blätter für die Kunst, als Mitarbeiter angeworben. Er konnte dort sechs Reimsprüche "Von der Kunst" veröffentlichen. Eine freundschaftliche Beziehung unterhielt er zu Werner von Siemens, von 1890 bis 1892 Vorsitzender des Aufsichtsrats der Aktiengesellschaft. Gleichzeitig mit seinen als Generaldirektoren amtierenden Vettern Reinhard und Max Mannesmann schied Koegel zum Oktober 1893 aus der Gesellschaft aus.

Vor 1889 zuerst auf Veröffentlichungen von Friedrich Nietzsche – "für mich ein Fund fürs Leben" – gestoßen, hielt Koegel Anfang 1892 in der Freien Literarischen Gesellschaft in Berlin einen Vortrag über Nietzsche, der das Interesse an Leben und Werk des noch weitgehend unbekannten und nicht akzeptierten Philosophen wachsen ließ. Dessen Schwester Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche wurde auf ihn aufmerksam und die Familie Oehler-Nietzsche gewann Koegel im Frühjahr 1894 als Herausgeber einer Nietzsche-Gesamtausgabe im Nietzsche-Archiv. Kurz nach Koegels Verlobung im Dezember 1896 mit Emily Gelzer, die er bei Förster-Nietzsche kennengelernt hatte, kam es zwischen ihm und der Archivherrin, unter Beteiligung von Rudolf Steiner, zu wachsenden Konflikten über die Frage der Herausgeberschaft und schließlich zu seiner Entlassung im Juni 1897. Seine heimlichen Abschriften aus Briefen und Briefentwürfen Nietzsches sind als Koegel-Exzerpte in die Wissenschaft eingegangen.

Als Direktor von Ernst Sieglin, Fabrik von Dr. Thompson's Seifenpulver kehrte Koegel im Frühjahr 1898 in die Wirtschaft zurück. Das Unternehmen leitete er bis zur Beendigung seiner Tätigkeit im Sommer 1904 von Düsseldorf aus sehr erfolgreich. Im kulturellen Leben der Stadt spielte er als Vorstandsmitglied und wenig später als Vorsitzender der Freien Literarischen Vereinigung von 1899 bis zu ihrer Auflösung 1903 eine wichtige Rolle. Programmhöhepunkte waren Veranstaltungen zum 100. Geburtstag von Heinrich Heine – Koegel hielt am 18. Dezember 1899 den Festvortrag in der Düsseldorfer Tonhalle vor mehr als 2.000 Zuhörern – und zum Gedenken an Friedrich Nietzsche.

Koegel wirkte darüber hinaus als Mitglied einer vor allem aus Mitgliedern des Düsseldorfer Künstlervereins Malkasten bestehenden Kunstkommission an den Vorbereitungen zur Gründung einer Zeitschrift mit, die im Oktober 1900 unter dem Titel Die Rheinlande – Monatsschrift für deutsche Kunst mit seinem Freund Wilhelm Schäfer als Herausgeber in Düsseldorf zu erscheinen begann. Er veröffentlichte darin Gedichte und andere Beiträge, z. B. Bei Conrad Ferdinand Meyer. Ein Gespräch. Vom Oktober 1903 bis zu seinem Tod war er außerdem als Redakteur für die Musikbeilagen verantwortlich.

Schäfer hat die Biografien seiner frühzeitig gestorbenen Freunde Fritz und Emily Koegel – sowie die von Gustav Kühl (1869–1906) – in der autobiografischen, schon von Kafka gerühmten Erzählung Die Missgeschickten verarbeitet. Über deren Leben ist damit ein "persönliches Zeugnis von beachtlichem Wert erhalten".

Am 1. Juli 1904 gründeten Koegel und Paul Schultze-Naumburg in Saaleck bei Bad Kösen die bis 1930 existierende Saalecker Werkstätten G.m.b.H. Geschäftszweck der Gesellschaft war die Schaffung von Einzelmöbeln, Wohnungseinrichtungen, Häusern und Gartenanlagen. Von Schultze-Naumburg wurde für seinen Freund und Geschäftspartner und dessen Familie auch das weitgehend erhaltene Grabmal – Koegels letzte Ruhestätte – im denkmalgeschützten Bereich des Jenaer Nordfriedhofs entworfen.

Koegels schmales kompositorisches Werk findet sich vor allem in Fünfzig Lieder – aufgenommen sind Vertonungen von Gedichten u. a. von Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Nietzsche, Detlev von Liliencron, Richard Dehmel, Conrad Ferdinand Meyer, Gerhart Hauptmann, Martin Greif und Theodor Fontane, dazu ein eigenes Kindergedicht. Zu Koegels Lebzeiten wurden daraus vor allem Nietzsche-Gedichte in Gedächtnisfeiern für den Philosophen öffentlich dargeboten. Zum Gedenken an den Komponisten trug die bekannte Sopranistin Lilli Lehmann am 18. November 1904 jeweils fünf Lieder von Brahms, Schubert und Koegel in der Berliner Philharmonie vor.

Fritz Koegel war ein begeisterter Alpinist. So gelangen ihm 1895 mit dem österreichischen Bergführer Franz Hofer zahlreiche Erstbesteigungen in der Tiroler Reichenspitzgruppe.

Von dem zuvor als verschollen angenommenen Koegel-Nachlass gelangte 2007 ein Teil in das Goethe- und Schiller-Archiv, Weimar.

Werke

Als Herausgeber
 [Friedrich] Nietzsche's Werke

Als Autor (Auswahl)
 Lotzes Aesthetik. Göttingen 1886
 [anonym] Vox humana. Auch ein Beichtbuch. Stuttgart, Leipzig, Berlin 1892
 Gastgaben. Sprüche eines Wanderers. Leipzig o. J. [1893]
 Gedichte. Leipzig 1898
 [mit Emily Koegel] Die Arche Noah. Reime. Leipzig 1901

Musikdrucke (Auswahl)
 Fünfzig Lieder. Leipzig 1901
 Zwölf Kinderlieder für eine Singstimme mit Klavier-Begleitung. Leipzig o. J. [1903]

Literatur
David Marc Hoffmann: Zur Geschichte des Nietzsche-Archivs. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, New York 1991, ISBN 3-11-013014-9
Wilhelm Schäfer: Die Missgeschickten. Mit Kommentar und einem Nachwort neu herausgegeben von Christoph Knüppel und Cornelius Lüttke. Aisthesis Bielefeld 2011. ISBN 978-3-89528-846-3 [beigefügt ist eine CD mit Koegel-Vertonungen]
Hubert Cancik, Hildegard Cancik-Lindemaier: Formen der Nietzsche-Rezeption in Berlin 1865 bis 1945, mit einem Anhang von Cornelius Lüttke: Bibliographie Fritz Koegel (1860–1904). In: Renate Reschke, Marco Brusotti (Hrsg.): "Einige werden posthum geboren". Friedrich Nietzsches Wirkungen. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin, Boston 2012, S. 443–473. ISBN 978-3-11-026086-1

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Person (Wernigerode)
Literatur (Deutsch)
Deutscher
Geboren 1860
Gestorben 1904
Mann

Fritz Koegel


The Sallen–Key topology is an electronic filter topology used to implement second-order active filters that is particularly valued for its simplicity. It is a degenerate form of a voltage-controlled voltage-source (VCVS) filter topology.  It was introduced by R. P. Sallen and E. L. Key of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1955.

Explanation of operation
A VCVS filter uses a voltage amplifier with practically infinite input impedance and zero output impedance to implement a 2-pole low-pass, high-pass, bandpass, bandstop, or allpass response. The VCVS filter allows high Q factor and passband gain without the use of inductors. A VCVS filter also has the advantage of independence: VCVS filters can be cascaded without the stages affecting each others tuning. A Sallen–Key filter is a variation on a VCVS filter that uses a unity-voltage-gain amplifier (i.e., a pure buffer amplifier).

History and implementation
In 1955, Sallen and Key used vacuum tube cathode follower amplifiers; the cathode follower is a reasonable approximation to an amplifier with unity voltage gain. Modern analog filter implementations may use operational amplifiers (also called op amps). Because of its high input impedance and easily selectable gain, an operational amplifier in a conventional non-inverting configuration is often used in VCVS implementations. Implementations of Sallen–Key filters often use an op amp configured as a voltage follower; however, emitter or source followers are other common choices for the buffer amplifier.

Sensitivity to component tolerances
VCVS filters are relatively resilient to component tolerance, but obtaining high Q factor may require extreme component value spread or high amplifier gain. Higher-order filters can be obtained by cascading two or more stages.

Generic Sallen–Key topology

The generic unity-gain Sallen–Key filter topology implemented with a unity-gain operational amplifier is shown in Figure 1. The following analysis is based on the assumption that the operational amplifier is ideal.

Because the op amp is in a negative-feedback configuration, its  and  inputs must match (i.e., ). However, the inverting input  is connected directly to the output , and so

By Kirchhoff's current law (KCL) applied at the  node,

By combining equations (1) and (2),

Applying equation (1) and KCL at the op amp's non-inverting input  gives

which means that

Combining equations (2) and (3) gives

Rearranging equation (4) gives the transfer function

which typically describes a second-order linear time-invariant (LTI) system.

If the  component were connected to ground instead of to , the filter would be a voltage divider composed of the  and  components cascaded with another voltage divider composed of the  and  components. The buffer amplifier bootstraps the "bottom" of the  component to the output of the filter, which will improve upon the simple two-divider case. This interpretation is the reason why Sallen–Key filters are often drawn with the op amp's non-inverting input below the inverting input, thus emphasizing the similarity between the output and ground.

Branch impedances

By choosing different passive components (e.g., resistors and capacitors) for , , , and , the filter can be made with low-pass, bandpass, and high-pass characteristics. In the examples below, recall that a resistor with resistance  has impedance  of

and a capacitor with capacitance  has impedance  of

where  (here  denotes the imaginary unit) is the complex angular frequency, and  is the frequency of a pure sine-wave input. That is, a capacitor's impedance is frequency-dependent and a resistor's impedance is not.

Application: low-pass filter

An example of a unity-gain low-pass configuration is shown in Figure 2.
An operational amplifier is used as the buffer here, although an emitter follower is also effective. This circuit is equivalent to the generic case above with

The transfer function for this second-order unity-gain low-pass filter is

where the undamped natural frequency , attenuation , Q factor , and damping ratio , are given by

and

So,

The  factor determines the height and width of the peak of the frequency response of the filter. As this parameter increases, the filter will tend to "ring" at a single resonant frequency near  (see "LC filter" for a related discussion).

Poles and zeros

This transfer function has no (finite) zeros and two poles located in the complex s-plane:

There are two zeros at infinity (the transfer function goes to zero for each of the  terms in the denominator).

Design choices
A designer must choose the  and  appropriate for their application.
The  value is critical in determining the eventual shape.
For example, a second-order Butterworth filter, which has maximally flat passband frequency response, has a  of .
By comparison, a value of  corresponds to the series cascade of two identical simple low-pass filters.

Because there are 2 parameters and 4 unknowns, the design procedure typically fixes the ratio between both resistors as well as that between the capacitors. One possibility is to set the ratio between  and  as  versus  and the ratio between  and  as  versus . So,

As a result, the  and  expressions are reduced to

and

Starting with a more or less arbitrary choice for e.g.  and , the appropriate values for  and  can be calculated in favor of the desired  and . In practice, certain choices of component values will perform better than others due to the non-idealities of real operational amplifiers. As an example, high resistor values will increase the circuit's noise production, whilst contributing to the DC offset voltage on the output of op amps equipped with bipolar input transistors.

Example
For example, the circuit in Figure 3 has  and . The transfer function is given by

and, after the substitution, this expression is equal to

which shows how every  combination comes with some  combination to provide the same  and  for the low-pass filter. A similar design approach is used for the other filters below.

Input impedance
The input impedance of the second-order unity-gain Sallen–Key low-pass filter is also of interest to designers. It is given by Eq. (3) in Cartwright and Kaminsky as

where  and .

Furthermore, for , there is a minimal value of the magnitude of the impedance, given by Eq. (16) of Cartwright and Kaminsky, which states that

Fortunately, this equation is well-approximated by

for . For  values outside of this range, the 0.34 constant has to be modified for minimal error.

Also, the frequency at which the minimal impedance magnitude occurs is given by Eq. (15) of Cartwright and Kaminsky, i.e.,

This equation can also be well approximated using Eq. (20) of Cartwright and Kaminsky, which states that

Application: high-pass filter

A second-order unity-gain high-pass filter with  and  is shown in Figure 4.

A second-order unity-gain high-pass filter has the transfer function

where undamped natural frequency  and  factor are discussed above in the low-pass filter discussion. The circuit above implements this transfer function by the equations

(as before) and

So

Follow an approach similar to the one used to design the low-pass filter above.

Application: bandpass filter

An example of a non-unity-gain bandpass filter implemented with a VCVS filter is shown in Figure 5. Although it uses a different topology and an operational amplifier configured to provide non-unity-gain, it can be analyzed using similar methods as with the generic Sallen–Key topology. Its transfer function is given by

The center frequency  (i.e., the frequency where the magnitude response has its peak) is given by

The Q factor  is given by

The voltage divider in the negative feedback loop controls the "inner gain"  of the op amp:

If the inner gain  is too high, the filter will oscillate.

See also
 Filter design
 Electronic filter topology
 Harmonic oscillator
 Resonance

References

External links
 Texas Instruments Application Report: Analysis of the Sallen–Key Architecture
 Analog Devices filter design tool – A simple online tool for designing active filters using voltage-feedback op-amps.
 TI active filter design source FAQ
 Op Amps for Everyone – Chapter 16
 High frequency modification of Sallen-Key filter - improving the stopband attenuation floor
 Online Calculation Tool for Sallen–Key Low-pass/High-pass Filters
 Online Calculation Tool for Filter Design and Analysis
 ECE 327: Procedures for Output Filtering Lab – Section 3 ("Smoothing Low-Pass Filter") discusses active filtering with Sallen–Key Butterworth low-pass filter.
 Filtering 101: Multi Pole Filters with Sallen-Key, Matt Duff of Analog Devices explains how Sallen Key circuit works

Linear filters
Electronic filter topology

Sallen–Key topology


Universal City or Universal Studios Complex is an unincorporated area within the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. Approximately 415 acres (1.7 km) within and around the surrounding area is the property of Universal Pictures (NBCUniversal's film studio), one of the five major film studios in the United States: about 70 percent of the studio's property is inside this unincorporated area, while the remaining 30 percent is within the Los Angeles city limits. Universal City is primarily surrounded by Los Angeles with its northeastern corner touching the city of Burbank, making the unincorporated area a county island.

Located within the area of Universal City is the film studio complex Universal Studios Lot and the theme park Universal Studios Hollywood, as well as the Universal CityWalk shopping and entertainment center. Within the Los Angeles city limits lies 10 Universal City Plaza, a 36-floor office building for Universal and NBC; the Sheraton Universal; and the Universal Hilton. The Metro B Line underground station of the same name is located opposite the 10 Universal Plaza.

A Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD) station is located at Universal CityWalk, and the community also houses the only government-funded fire station in the United States located on private property. The Los Angeles County Fire Department (LACFD) Station 51 (formally Station 60 until the mid 1990s) is of special significance to Universal, as "Station 51" was the fictional setting of the Universal and Jack Webb television series Emergency!.  However, the current Station 51 was not used for external shots, or used as a model for the interior shots seen on the show (LACFD Station 127 in Carson was used).

Universal City's ZIP code is 91608, and the community is inside area code 818.

History

Carl Laemmle officially opened the Second Universal City (Lankershim Boulevard) on March 15, 1915, on the  Taylor Ranch property. At the launch event, in what is now the North Hollywood area, a crowd of men and women eagerly awaited the display of the film stages, daredevil stunt pilots and silent film idols, as well as the movie cameras Laemmle had brought along. "See how slapstick comedies are made. See your favorite screen stars do their work. See how we make the people laugh or cry or sit on the edge of their chairs the world over!" stated a poster touting Universal's opening. "C'mon out! Aw, c'mon!"

Laemmle, a German immigrant, was Universal Pictures' founder who opened his first nickelodeon in Chicago in 1906. He moved to New York City, where he soon joined half a dozen small motion picture companies to create the movie company he called Universal Pictures.

In 1912, Laemmle briefly operated three small studios -  Bison, Nestor, and Oak Crest Ranch. After a court battle with New York Motion Picture Company, control of the Bison lot was returned to the New York Motion Picture Company. The court allowed Carl Laemmle to retain use of the name "Bison" as "Bison 101" for his westerns, which were filmed on the Oak Crest property in the San Fernando Valley. The Oak Crest Ranch is where Laemmle filmed the western At Old Fort Dearborn. The Providencia Land and Water company, called "Oak Crest Ranch" in the trade papers, became the first Universal City location.

In 1913, Laemmle consolidated the Nestor studio (Hollywood) and Oak Crest ranch (Providencia) property. His first Universal City was too small, so he ordered a  search for a new and larger property in the valley, a location with more space. Laemmle leased Providencia ranchland in the San Fernando Valley in 1912. If it was a city, it was a haphazard one: with the help of nearly 300 movie hands and actors, Laemmle erected makeshift buildings, set up cameras and began churning out hundreds of one- and two-reel silent westerns.

Other studio chiefs called the place "Laemmle's Folly", mocking that the property was so far out of town and that Laemmle could film scenery for free anywhere he wanted. Laemmle worried that he had made a huge mistake, though Universal was a success because the public could observe movies being made.

In the meantime, Laemmle added a zoo to the Oak Crest Ranch, which was open to visitors to generate free advertising by word of mouth. The Rotarians of Los Angeles were one of the groups permitted to visit the Oak Crest - Universal City.

The Oak Crest ranch being too small for his larger Universal City, Laemmle bought the Lankershim Land and Water property, the  Taylor Ranch for $165,000, calling it his "New Universal City".

In 1914, operations at The Oak Ranch (Providencia Ranch) were moved to the Taylor (Lankershim) ranch. The Universal (Oak Crest) ranch zoo was moved to the Back Ranch of the Lankershim property. [Moving Picture World] The new Universal City was opened for Universal staff in 1914.

Laemmle went on an eight-day whistle-stop tour from Chicago to Los Angeles the week before Universal City's grand public opening. His promoters even sold the grand (and technically impossible) lie that Laemmle had persuaded the Secretary of the Navy to send a battleship up the Los Angeles River to fire a salvo on opening day. Easterners, they hoped, would believe anything they heard about California.

After World War I, Laemmle brought even more kin over from war-torn Europe, increasing the payroll to 70. His cheerful nepotism was immortalized in humorist Ogden Nash's couplet: Uncle Carl Laemmle has a very large faemmle. Carl Laemmle was responsible for creating the "star system" rather than just using anonymous actors in films.

Laemmle was forced to end studio tours in the 1920s, when talkies came along and "quiet on the set" became an absolute. He sold his sprawling entertainment empire in 1936. Before his death in 1939, at age 72, he helped bring more than 200 German-Jewish refugees to Los Angeles.

A nephew, Max, founded the local Laemmle Theatres chain.

Universal City did not welcome tourists again until July 15, 1964, with the opening of the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park and its included Studio Tour. The next few decades saw the arrival of hotels, an amphitheater, and Universal CityWalk (a faux city street and popular destination for tourists and locals).

Universal Ranch 1912
On April 30, 1912, Carl Laemmle merged the Independent Motion Picture Company with five smaller companies to form the Universal Film Manufacturing Company.  After visiting his newly acquired west coast operations of Nestor Studios and Nestor Ranch, he renamed the studio "Universal Studios" and the leased Oak Crest Ranch became the first "Universal City" in the San Fernando Valley. The first Universal/Nestor Ranch (Providencia Land and Water Development Company property Oak Crest Ranch) is presently the site of Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills). In 1915, Universal moved its operations at the Hollywood/Nestor studio and Universal/Nestor Ranch to its new Lankershim Blvd. location before the official opening of Universal City (Lankershim Blvd). In 1916, the first Universal Oak Ranch became known as the Lasky Ranch. The Hollywood studio was then leased to Christie Comedies.

Universal City – Oak Crest Ranch (1912–1914)
In 1912, Carl Laemmle toured his Pacific Coast operations. He renamed the Nestor Studio "Universal Studios" and renamed the Providencia Ranch "Universal City."  Carl Laemmle thought the Providencia Ranch area was too small for his idea of "Universal City." He ordered the purchase of Lankershim land Water Company property.  Universal City moved to a new location,  the Taylor Ranch.

Lankershim Land and Water Company
They purchased lots 276, 277, 278; also a small portion of Lot 279, marked "Mary L. Carhart" (left side of the Lankershim bridge). Only  of the northern part of lot 278 became the official studios front lot in 1915.  The zoo and second open-air stage were constructed on the northern sections of lot 277 and 278. The mountain portions above  were not incorporated into studio use until MCA/Universal's master plan to level the hills and create the Universal Studio Tour Center and City Walk.

Universal City Ranch (Forest Lawn) moves
Between 1914 and 1915 "Universal City" assets were moved to the Lankershim location.

Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills) history before 1917

The Providencia Land and Water Development Company property was used as a location for some early films, most significantly the battle scenes in the silent classic about the American Civil War, The Birth of a Nation (1915).

Fires

More than a half-dozen major fires have impacted the Universal Studios property (and, accordingly, Universal City) during its history.

Climate

Government and infrastructure

Fire protection in Universal City is provided by the Los Angeles County Fire Department (LACFD). The LACFD operates Station #51 at 3900 Lankershim Boulevard as a part of Battalion 1.

The Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD) operates the West Hollywood Station in West Hollywood, serving Universal City. In addition, the department operates the substation at Universal CityWalk in Universal City. Prior to the summer of 1991, the West Hollywood Station handled all calls for police service from Universal City. In the summer of 1991, the LASD established the substation in a trailer in the parking lot of the studio tour and remained in the area until two years later, when the substation was moved into a permanent location in the CityWalk theme mall when it opened. The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) also shares jurisdiction with the LASD in providing protection to Universal City, operating the North Hollywood Community Police Station in North Hollywood, whose responsibilities include Universal City.

References

Universal City 1912 to 1914
 "San Fernando Valley" By Marc Wanamaker (2011)  Page 97, 103, and 106
  Early Hollywood Research Database - New York Dramatic Mirror - December 4, 1912
  Pacific Film Archive - Media History Digital Library -" The Moving PictureWorld" - Volume XVI April to June, 1913
  The Moving Picture World -  "UNIVERSAL CITY MOVES :  Movie Making locations by Jerry L. Schneider
  Early Universal City by Robert Birchard :  Arcadia Publishing
  Universal Weekly : "A Trip through the Home of Universal"  July 5, 1913, August 16, 1913, July 5, 1913
  Universal Weekly : "Universal City to be Moved to new Sites" March 28, 1914
 Universal Weekly : "Universal's Chameleon City"  and "Universal's Chameleon Studio Town"
 Universal Weekly : " Movie Actress Control Its Politic"  1913
 Universal Weekly : " Where Work Is Play and Play is Work" December 1913
 The Rotarian - Feb 1914 - Page 59 " Tour of the Oak Crest Ranch - the first Universal City
  Universal Weekly : "The New Universal City ," September, 1914
 "The Life and Adventures of Carl Laemmle" By John Drinkwater [Chapter IX Universal City]
 "Building Universal City" [October 3, 1914, The Moving Picture World] Movie Making locations by Jerry L. Schneider
 "Oak Crest," two  articles quoted  [The Moving Picture World]Movie Making locations by Jerry L. Schneider
 "Facts and Figures about Universal City" "Souvenir  Edition", 1915 Universal City Tour
 The Hollywood story By Joel Waldo Finler, Page 261 " The New Universal City .. in 1915"
 Bison Archives Collection Oak Crest Ranch images - Mark Wannamaker - interview on the first Universal City 1912 to 1914
 The Theatre of Science: a volume of progress and achievement in the motion picture industry by Robert Grau (1914) pages 51 and 287 [Providencia Ranch - Universal City Moves]

External links

 Oak Crest -Universal Ranch 1913

1915 establishments in California
Communities in the San Fernando Valley
Company towns in California
Populated places established in 1915
Unincorporated communities in California
Unincorporated communities in Los Angeles County, California
Universal Pictures
NBCUniversal

Universal City, California


El distrito de At-Bashi (en kirguís: Ат-башы району) es uno de los rayones (distrito) de la provincia de Naryn en Kirguistán. Tiene como capital el poblado de At-Bashi.

A

Distrito de At-Bashi


Natascha Ohlendorff (født 19. juli 1989 i Helsinge) er en tidligere dansk håndboldspiller, som spillede for SK Århus. Hun kom til klubben i 2011 med en lille afstikker til FCM i 12/13. Hun har tidligere optrådt for FCM Håndbold, Lyngby HK og Slagelse FH.

Hun har flere Y-landsholdskampe på CV'et.

Den 16.marts 2015 offentliggjorde hun at indstille karrieren når sæsonen 2015-16 er færdigspillet.

Privat
Natascha er født døv, men det er noget hun har lært og leve med. Men pga. netop dette har et skifte til udlandet aldrig været oppe til overvejelse pga. for vanskelige kommunikationsudfordringer.

Hun er kæreste med Århus Håndbolds Mikkel Saad.

Noter

Referencer
 Spillerprofil - SK Århus
 Hbold - Natascha Ohlendorff
 DHDb - Natascha Ohlendorff
 Håndboldparret - "Vi taler ikke om håndbold"

Eksterne henvisninger

Personer fra Helsinge
Håndboldspillere fra Danmark
Håndboldspillere fra SK Aarhus
Håndboldspillere fra FC Midtjylland Håndbold

Natascha Ohlendorff