Rotheul ist ein Ortsteil von Föritztal im Landkreis Sonneberg in Thüringen.

Lage
Rotheul liegt im südlichsten Zipfel der Fluren um Neuhaus-Schierschnitz und wurde durch seine Grenzlage geprägt, insbesondere zwischen 1945 und 1989. Das Dorf ist verkehrsmäßig über die Kreisstraßen 27 und 36 erreichbar. Südlich und westlich des Ortes ist ein größerer Wustungsdistrikt (Einödhöfe) mit ehemals 36 Wustungen vorhanden.

Geschichte
Die urkundliche Ersterwähnung erfolgte 1323.
Das Dorf legten Slawen auf nährstoffarmen Sandböden an. Daher fiel das Dorf im 14. Jahrhundert auch wüst, weil wohl Wasser und Nahrung die begrenzenden Faktoren waren. Das Kloster in Michelsberg und später das Kloster Langheim übernahmen die Bewirtschaftung des Dorfes und der Flächen. Im 15. Jahrhundert gründete man ein Rittergut, das von Hassenberg und  auch von Lindenberg mit bewirtschaftet worden ist.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Sternwarte Rotheul

Weblinks

 Rotheul auf der Website der Gemeinde Föritztal

Einzelnachweise

Ort im Landkreis Sonneberg
Geographie (Föritztal)
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Sonneberg)
Ersterwähnung 1323
Gemeindeauflösung 1994

Rotheul


Emma Georgina Rothschild-Sen (London, Engleska, 16. svibnja 1948.), britanska povjesničarka ekonomije i profesorica na Harvardskom sveučilištu. Voditeljica je Zajedničkog centra za povijest i ekonomiju na Harvardu i počasni predavač povijesti i ekonomije na Sveučilištu u Cambridgeu. Bila je predsjedateljica britanskog Vijeća za znanost i tehnologiju i odbora za društvene znanosti i umjetnost u odnosu na znanost i tehnologiju (1999. – 2001.), UN-ova Instituta za društveni razvoj (1999. – 2005.), član Odbora UN-ove zaklade (1998. – 2015.), guverner Nacionalnog instituta za ekonomiju i socijalno istraživanje (od 1996.) te članica mnogih drugih institucija i organizacija.

Pripadnica je britanskog ogranka bogate i moćne obitelji Rothschilda i povjerenica Rothschildovog arhiva (Rothschild Archive) za istraživanje povijesti obitelji Rothschilda.

Životopis

Rođena je u Londonu u obitelji Nathaniela Mayera Victora Rothschilda, baruna Rothschilda (1910. – 1990.) i Therese Georgine Mayor, lady Rothschild (1915. – 1996.). S petnaest godina, postala je najmlađa ženska osoba primljena na koledž Somerville na Sveučilištu u Oxfordu, gdje je 1967. godine diplomirala filozofiju, politiku i ekonomiju. Bila je Kennedyjeva stipendistica iz ekonomije na Odjelu za društvene znanosti i programu za znanost, tehnologiju i društvo Tehnološkog instituta u Massachusettsu (MIT), a predavala je i na École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS) u Parizu, Francuska.

Godine 1991. udala se za ekonomista i dobitnika Nobelove nagrade Amartyu Sena (r. 1933.).

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Emma Georgina Rothschild (1948.-) - family.rothschildarchive.org
 Emma Rothschild - history.fas.harvard.edu
 Emma Rothschild - University of Cambridge

Rothschildi (Ujedinjeno Kraljevstvo)
Britanski ekonomisti
Ekonomska povijest
Britanski povjesničari

Emma Rothschild


An Trichocentrum brandtiae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Trichocentrum brandtiae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Trichocentrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Colombia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Trichocentrum

Trichocentrum brandtiae


Most of the areas that are in modern Greece's borders were at some point part of the Ottoman Empire. The period of Ottoman rule in Greece, lasting from the mid-15th century to the successful Greek War of Independence that broke out in 1821 and the First Hellenic Republic was proclaimed in 1822 (preceded by the creation of the autonomous Septinsular Republic in 1800), is known in Greek as Tourkokratia (, "Turkish rule"; ). Some regions, however, like the Ionian islands, various temporary Venetian possessions of the Stato da Mar and Mani Peninsula in Peloponnese did not become part of the Ottoman administration, but the last was under Ottoman suzerainty.

The Eastern Roman Empire, the remnant of the Roman Empire, which ruled most of the Greek-speaking world for over 1100 years, had been fatally weakened since the sacking of Constantinople by the Latin Crusaders in 1204.

The Ottoman advance into Greece was preceded by victory over the Serbs to the north. The Ottomans first won the Battle of Maritsa in 1371. The Serbian forces were then led by the King Vukašin of Serbia, the father of Prince Marko and the co-ruler of the last emperor from the Serbian Nemanjic dynasty. That was followed by an Ottoman victory during the 1389 Battle of Kosovo.

With no further threat by the Serbs and Euh the subsequent Byzantine civil wars, the Ottomans besieged and took Constantinople in 1453, then advanced southwards into Greece and captured Athens in 1456. The Greeks held out in the Peloponnese until 1460, and the Venetians and Genoese clung to some of the islands, but by the early 16th century, all of mainland Greece and most of the Aegean Islands were in Ottoman hands, excluding several port cities that were still held by the Venetians (notably Nafplio, Monemvasia, Parga and Methone). The mountains of Greece were largely untouched and were a refuge for Greeks who desired to flee Ottoman rule and engage in guerrilla warfare.

The Cyclades islands, in the middle of the Aegean, were officially annexed by the Ottomans in 1579 although they had been under vassal status since the 1530s. Cyprus fell in 1571, and the Venetians retained Crete until 1669. The Ionian Islands were never ruled by the Ottomans, with the exception of Kefalonia (from 1479 to 1481 and from 1485 to 1500), but remained under the rule of the Republic of Venice. It was in the Ionian Islands that modern Greek statehood was born, with the creation of the Republic of the Seven Islands in 1800.

Ottoman Greece was a multiethnic society. However, the Ottoman system of millets did not correspond to the modern Western notion of multiculturalism. The Greeks were given some privileges and freedom, but they also suffered from the malpractices of its administrative personnel over which the central government had only remote and incomplete control. Despite losing their political independence, the Greeks remained dominant in the fields of commerce and business. The consolidation of Ottoman power in the 15th and the 16th centuries rendered the Mediterranean safe for Greek shipping, and Greek shipowners became the empire's maritime carriers and made tremendous profits. After the Ottoman defeat at the Battle of Lepanto, however, Greek ships often became the target of vicious attacks by Catholic (especially Spanish and Maltese) pirates.

The period of Ottoman rule had a profound impact in Greek society, as new elites emerged. The Greek land-owning aristocracy that traditionally dominated the Byzantine Empire suffered a tragic fate and was almost completely destroyed. The new leading class in Ottoman Greece were the prokritoi (πρόκριτοι in Greek), which were called kocabaşis by the Ottomans. They were essentially bureaucrats and tax collectors and gained a negative reputation for corruption and nepotism. On the other hand, the Phanariots became prominent in the imperial capital of Constantinople as businessmen and diplomats, and the Greek Orthodox Church and the Ecumenical Patriarch rose to great power under the Sultan's protection and gained religious control over the entire Orthodox population of the empire, whether it spoke Greek, Albanian, Latin or Slavic.

Ottoman expansion

After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the Despotate of the Morea was the last remnant of the Byzantine Empire to hold out against the Ottomans. However, it fell to the Ottomans in 1460, completing the conquest of mainland Greece.

While most of mainland Greece and the Aegean islands was under Ottoman control by the end of the 15th century, Cyprus and Crete remained Venetian territory and did not fall to the Ottomans until 1571 and 1670 respectively. The only part of the Greek-speaking world that escaped Ottoman rule was the Ionian Islands, which remained Venetian until 1797. Corfu withstood three major sieges in 1537, 1571 and 1716 all of which resulted in the repulsion of the Ottomans.

Other areas that remained part of the Venetian Stato da Màr include Nafplio and Monemvasia until 1540, the Duchy of the Archipelago, centered on the islands of Naxos and Paros until 1579, Sifnos until 1617 and Tinos until 1715.

Ottoman rule

The consolidation of Ottoman rule was followed by two distinct trends of Greek migration. The first entailed Greek intellectuals, such as Basilios Bessarion, Georgius Plethon Gemistos and Marcos Mousouros, migrating to other parts of Western Europe and influencing the advent of the Renaissance (though the large scale migration of Greeks to other parts of Europe, most notably Italian university cities, began far earlier, following the Crusader capture of Constantinople). This trend had also effect on the creation of the modern Greek diaspora.

The second entailed Greeks leaving the plains of the Greek peninsula and resettling in the mountains, where the rugged landscape made it hard for the Ottomans to establish either military or administrative presence.

Administration

The Sultan sat at the apex of the government of the Ottoman Empire. Although he had the trappings of an absolute ruler, he was actually bound by tradition and convention.  These restrictions imposed by tradition were mainly of a religious nature. Indeed, the Qur'an was the main restriction on absolute rule by the sultan and in this way, the Qur'an served as a "constitution."

Ottoman rule of the provinces was characterized by two main functions.  The local administrators within the provinces were to maintain a military establishment and to collect taxes.  The military establishment was feudal in character. The Sultan's cavalry were allotted land, either large allotments or small allotments based on the rank of the individual cavalryman. All non-Muslims were forbidden to ride a horse which made traveling more difficult. The Ottomans divided Greece into six sanjaks, each ruled by a Sanjakbey accountable to the Sultan, who established his capital in Constantinople in 1453.

The conquered land was parceled out to Ottoman soldiers, who held it as feudal fiefs (timars and ziamets) directly under the Sultan's authority. This land could not be sold or inherited, but reverted to the Sultan's possession when the fief-holder (timariot) died. During their life-times they served as cavalrymen in the Sultan's army, living well on the proceeds of their estates with the land being tilled largely by peasants. Many Ottoman timariots were descended from the pre-Ottoman Christian nobility, and shifted their allegiance to the Ottomans following the conquest of the Balkans. Conversion to Islam was not a requirement, and as late as the fifteenth century many timariots were known to be Christian, although their numbers gradually decreased over time.

The Ottomans basically installed this feudal system right over the top of the existing system of peasant tenure.  The peasantry remained in possession of their own land and their tenure over their plot of land remained hereditary and inalienable.  Nor was any military service ever imposed on the peasant by the Ottoman government. All non-Muslims were in theory forbidden from carrying arms, but this was ignored. Indeed, in regions such as Crete, almost every man carried arms.

Greek Christian families were, however, subject to a system of brutal forced conscription known as the devshirme. The Ottomans required that male children from Christian peasant villages be conscripted and enrolled in the corps of Janissaries for military training in the Sultan's army. Such recruitment was sporadic, and the proportion of children conscripted varied from region to region. The practice largely came to an end by the middle of the seventeenth century.

Under the Ottoman system of government, Greek society was at the same time fostered and restricted. With one hand the Turkish regime gave privileges and freedom to its subject people; with the other it imposed a tyranny deriving from the malpractices of its administrative personnel over which it exercised only remote and incomplete control.  In fact the "rayahs" were downtrodden and exposed to the vagaries of Turkish administration and sometimes to the Greek landlords. The term rayah came to denote an underprivileged, tax-ridden and socially inferior population.

Economy

The economic situation of the majority of Greece deteriorated heavily during the Ottoman era of the country. Life became ruralized and militarized. Heavy burdens of taxation were placed on the Christian population, and many Greeks were reduced to subsistence farming whereas during prior eras the region had been heavily developed and urbanized. The exception to this rule was in Constantinople and the Venetian-held Ionian islands, where many Greeks lived in prosperity.

After about 1600, the Ottomans resorted to military rule in parts of Greece, which provoked further resistance, and also led to economic dislocation and accelerated population decline. Ottoman landholdings, previously fiefs held directly from the Sultan, became hereditary estates (chifliks), which could be sold or bequeathed to heirs. The new class of Ottoman landlords reduced the hitherto free Greek farmers to serfdom, leading to depopulation of the plains, and to the flight of many people to the mountains, in order to escape poverty.

Religion

The Sultan regarded the Ecumenical Patriarch of the Greek Orthodox Church as the leader of all Orthodox, Greeks or not, within the empire. The Patriarch was accountable to the Sultan for the good behavior of the Orthodox population, and in exchange he was given wide powers over the Orthodox communities, including the non-Greek Slavic peoples. The Patriarch controlled the courts and the schools, as well as the Church, throughout the Greek communities of the empire. This made Orthodox priests, together with the local magnates, called Prokritoi or Dimogerontes, the effective rulers of Greek towns and cities. Some Greek towns, such as Athens and Rhodes, retained municipal self-government, while others were put under Ottoman governors. Several areas, such as the Mani Peninsula in the Peloponnese, and parts of Crete (Sfakia) and Epirus, remained virtually independent.

During the frequent Ottoman–Venetian Wars, the Greeks sided with the Venetians against the Ottomans, with a few exceptions. The Patriarchate of Constantinople in general remained loyal to the Ottomans against the western threats (as for example during the Dionysios Skylosophos revolt, etc.) The Orthodox Church assisted greatly in the preservation of the Greek heritage, and adherence to the Greek Orthodox faith became increasingly a mark of Greek nationality.

As a rule, the Ottomans did not require the Greeks to become Muslims, although many did so on a superficial level in order to avert the socioeconomic hardships of Ottoman rule or because of the alleged corruption of the Greek clergy. The regions of Greece which had the largest concentrations of Ottoman Greek Muslims were Macedonia, notably the Vallaades, neighboring Epirus, and Crete (see Cretan Muslims). Under the millet logic, Greek Muslims, despite often retaining elements of their Greek culture and language, were classified simply as "Muslim", although most Greek Orthodox Christians deemed them to have "turned-Turk" and therefore saw them as traitors to their original ethno-religious communities.

Some Greeks either became New Martyrs, such as Saint Efraim the Neo-Martyr or Saint Demetrios the Neo-martyr while others became Crypto-Christians (Greek Muslims who were secret practitioners of the Greek Orthodox faith) in order to avoid heavy taxes and at the same time express their identity by maintaining their secret ties to the Greek Orthodox Church. Crypto-Christians officially ran the risk of being killed if they were caught practicing a non-Muslim religion once they converted to Islam.  There were also instances of Greeks from theocratic or Byzantine nobility embracing Islam such as John Tzelepes Komnenos and Misac Palaeologos Pasha.

Treatment of Christian subjects varied greatly under the rule of the Ottoman Sultans. Bayezid I, according to a Byzantine historian, freely admitted Christians into his society while trying to grow his empire, in the early Ottoman period. Later, although the Turkish ruler attempted to pacify the local population with a restoration of peacetime rule of law, the Christian population also became subject to special taxes and the tribute of Christian children to the Ottoman state to feed the ranks of the Janissary corps.  Violent persecutions of Christians did nevertheless take place under the reign of Selim I (1512-1520), known as Selim the Grim, who attempted to stamp out Christianity from the Ottoman Empire. Selim ordered the confiscation of all Christian churches, and while this order was later rescinded, Christians were heavily persecuted during his era.

Taxation and the "tribute of children"

Greeks paid a land tax and a heavy tax on trade, the latter taking advantage of the wealthy Greeks to fill the state coffers. Greeks, like other Christians, were also made to pay the jizya, or Islamic poll-tax which all non-Muslims in the empire were forced to pay instead of the Zakat that Muslims must pay as part of the 5 pillars of Islam. Failure to pay the jizya could result in the pledge of protection of the Christian's life and property becoming void, facing the alternatives of conversion, enslavement, or death.

Like in the rest of the Ottoman Empire, Greeks had to carry a receipt certifying their payment of jizya at all times or be subject to imprisonment. Most Greeks did not have to serve in the Sultan's army, but the young boys that were taken away and converted to Islam were made to serve in the Ottoman military. In addition, girls were taken in order to serve as odalisques in harems.

These practices are called the "tribute of children" (devshirmeh) (in Greek παιδομάζωμα paidomazoma, meaning "child gathering"), whereby every Christian community was required to give one son in five to be raised as a Muslim and enrolled in the corps of Janissaries, elite units of the Ottoman army. There was much resistance to this.  For example, Greek folklore tells of mothers crippling their sons to avoid their abduction. Nevertheless, entrance into the corps (accompanied by conversion to Islam) offered Greek boys the opportunity to advance as high as governor or even Grand Vizier.

Opposition of the Greek populace to taxing or paidomazoma resulted in grave consequences. For example, in 1705 an Ottoman official was sent from Naoussa in Macedonia to search and conscript new Janissaries and was killed by Greek rebels who resisted the burden of the devshirmeh. The rebels were subsequently beheaded and their severed heads were displayed in the city of Thessaloniki. In some cases, it was greatly feared as Greek families would often have to relinquish their own sons who would convert and return later as their oppressors. In other cases, the families bribed the officers to ensure that their children got a better life as a government officer.

Influence to tradition

After the 16th century, many Greek folk songs (dimotika) were produced and inspired from the way of life of the Greek people, brigands and the armed conflicts during the centuries of Ottoman rule. Klephtic songs (Greek: Κλέφτικα τραγούδια), or ballads, are a subgenre of the Greek folk music genre and are thematically oriented on the life of the klephts. Prominent conflicts were immortalised in several folk tales and songs, such as the epic ballad To tragoudi tou Daskalogianni of 1786, about the resistance warfare under Daskalogiannis.

Emergence of Greek nationalism

Over the course of the eighteenth century Ottoman landholdings, previously fiefs held directly from the Sultan, became hereditary estates (chifliks), which could be sold or bequeathed to heirs. The new class of Ottoman landlords reduced the hitherto free Greek peasants to serfdom, leading to further poverty and depopulation in the plains.

On the other hand, the position of educated and privileged Greeks within the Ottoman Empire improved greatly in the 17th and 18th centuries. From the late 1600s Greeks began to fill some of the highest and most important offices of the Ottoman state. The Phanariotes, a class of wealthy Greeks who lived in the Phanar district of Constantinople, became increasingly powerful. Their travels to Western Europe as merchants or diplomats brought them into contact with advanced ideas of liberalism and nationalism, and it was among the Phanariotes that the modern Greek nationalist movement was born. Many Greek merchants and travelers were influenced by the ideas of the French revolution and a new Age of Greek Enlightenment was initiated at the beginning of the 19th century in many Ottoman-ruled Greek cities and towns.

Greek nationalism was also stimulated by agents of Catherine the Great, the Orthodox ruler of the Russian Empire, who hoped to acquire Ottoman territory, including Constantinople itself, by inciting a Christian rebellion against the Ottomans. However, during the Russian-Ottoman War which broke out in 1768, the Greeks did not rebel, disillusioning their Russian patrons. The Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainarji (1774) gave Russia the right to make "representations" to the Sultan in defense of his Orthodox subjects, and the Russians began to interfere regularly in the internal affairs of the Ottoman Empire. This, combined with the new ideas let loose by the French Revolution of 1789, began to reconnect the Greeks with the outside world and led to the development of an active nationalist movement, one of the most progressive of the time.

Greece was peripherally involved in the Napoleonic Wars, but one episode had important consequences. When the French under Napoleon Bonaparte seized Venice in 1797, they also acquired the Ionian Islands, thus ending the four hundredth year of Venetian rule over the Ionian Islands. The islands were elevated to the status of a French dependency called the Septinsular Republic, which possessed local autonomy. This was the first time Greeks had governed themselves since the fall of Trebizond in 1461.

Among those who held office in the islands was John Capodistria, destined to become independent Greece's first head of state. By the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815, Greece had re-emerged from its centuries of isolation. British and French writers and artists began to visit the country, and wealthy Europeans began to collect Greek antiquities. These "philhellenes" were to play an important role in mobilizing support for Greek independence.

Uprisings before 1821

Greeks in various places of the Greek peninsula would at times rise up against Ottoman rule, mainly while taking advantage of wars the Ottoman Empire would engage in. Those uprisings were of mixed scale and impact. During the Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479), the Maniot Kladas brothers, Krokodelos and Epifani, were leading bands of stratioti on behalf of Venice against the Turks in Southern Peloponnese. They put Vardounia and their lands into Venetian possession, for which Epifani then acted as governor.

Before and after the victory of the Holy League in 1571 at the Battle of Lepanto a series of conflicts broke out in the peninsula such as in Epirus, Phocis (recorded in the Chronicle of Galaxeidi) and the Peloponnese, led by the Melissinos brothers and others. They were crushed by the following year. Short-term revolts of local level occurred throughout the region such as the ones led by metropolitan bishop Dionysius the Philosopher in Thessaly (1600) and Epirus (1611).

During the Cretan War (1645–1669), the Maniots would aid Francesco Morosini and the Venetians in the Peloponnese. Greek irregulars also aided the Venetians through the Morean War in their operations on the Ionian Sea and Peloponnese.

A major uprising during that period was the Orlov Revolt (Greek: Ορλωφικά) which took place during the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) and triggered armed unrest in both the Greek mainland and the islands. In 1778, a Greek fleet of seventy vessels assembled by Lambros Katsonis which harassed the Turkish squadrons in the Aegean sea, captured the island of Kastelorizo and engaged the Turkish fleet in naval battles until 1790.

Greek War of Independence

A secret Greek nationalist organization called the "Friendly Society" or "Company of Friends" (Filiki Eteria) was formed in Odessa in 1814. The members of the organization planned a rebellion with the support of wealthy Greek exile communities in Britain and the United States. They also gained support from sympathizers in Western Europe, as well as covert assistance from Russia. The organization secured Capodistria, who became Russian Foreign Minister after leaving the Ionian Islands, as the leader of the planned revolt. On March 25 (now Greek Independence Day) 1821, the Orthodox Bishop Germanos of Patras proclaimed a national uprising. The Ottomans, in retaliation orchestrated the Constantinople massacre of 1821 and similar pogroms in Smyrna.

Simultaneous risings were planned across Greece, including in Macedonia, Crete, and Cyprus. With the initial advantage of surprise, aided by Ottoman inefficiency and the Ottomans' fight against Ali Pasha of Tepelen, the Greeks succeeded in capturing the Peloponnese and some other areas. Some of the first Greek actions were taken against unarmed Ottoman settlements, with about 40% of Turkish and Albanian Muslim residents of the Peloponnese killed outright, and the rest fleeing the area or being deported.

The Ottomans recovered, and retaliated in turn with savagery, massacring the Greek population of Chios and other towns. This worked to their disadvantage by provoking further sympathy for the Greeks in Britain and France. The Greeks were unable to establish a strong government in the areas they controlled, and fell to fighting amongst themselves. Inconclusive fighting between Greeks and Ottomans continued until 1825 when the Sultan sent a powerful fleet and army who were mainly Bedouin and some Sudanese from Egypt under Ibrahim Pasha to suppress the revolution, promising to him the rule of Peloponnese, however they were eventually defeated in the Battle of Navarino in 1827.

The atrocities that accompanied this expedition, together with sympathy aroused by the death of the poet and leading philhellene Lord Byron at Messolongi in 1824, eventually led the Great Powers to intervene. In October 1827, the British, French and Russian fleets, on the initiative of local commanders, but with the tacit approval of their governments, destroyed the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Navarino. This was the decisive moment in the war of independence.

In October 1828, the French landed troops in the Peloponnese to evacuate it from Ibrahim's army, while Russia was since April at war against the Ottomans. Under their protection, the Greeks were able to reorganize, form a new government and defeat the Ottomans in the Battle of Petra, the final battle of the war. They then advanced to seize as much territory as possible before the Western powers imposed a ceasefire.

A conference in London in 1830 proposed a fully independent Greek state (and not autonomous as previously proposed). The final borders were defined during the London Conference of 1832 with the northern frontier running from Arta to Volos, and including only Euboia and the Cyclades among the islands. The Greeks were disappointed at these restricted frontiers, but were in no position to resist the will of Britain, France and Russia, who had contributed mightily to Greek independence. By the Convention of May 11, 1832, Greece was finally recognized as a sovereign state.

Capodistria, who had been Greece's governor since 1828, had been assassinated by the Mavromichalis family in October 1831. To prevent further experiments with republican government, the Great Powers, especially Russia, insisted that Greece should be a monarchy, and the Bavarian Prince Otto was chosen to be its first King.

See also

 Dragomans
 Giaour
 Greek Muslims
 List of former mosques in Greece
 Ionian Islands under Venetian rule
 Phanariotes
 Rayah
 Sipahis
 Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (1453–1821)
 Hellenoturkism

References

Sources
 Finkel, Caroline. Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1923. New York: Basic Books, 2005. .
 Hobsbawm, Eric John. The Age of Revolution. New American Library, 1962. .
 Jelavich, Barbara. History of the Balkans, 18th and 19th Centuries. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983. .
 Paroulakis, Peter H. The Greek War of Independence. Hellenic International Press, 1984.
 Shaw, Stanford. History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.
 Vacalopoulos, Apostolis. The Greek Nation, 1453–1669. Rutgers University Press, 1976.

External links
Macedonian Question: Turkish Domination

Ottoman Empire

sv:Greklands historia#Osmanska tiden

Ottoman Greece


Le port Neuf de Pinède est un col de montagne pédestre des Pyrénées à  d'altitude entre le département français des Hautes-Pyrénées, en Occitanie, et la province espagnole de Huesca, dans la communauté autonome d'Aragon, sur la frontière franco-espagnole.

Il relie la vallée d'Estaubé en Lavedan à la vallée de Pineta en Aragon.

Toponymie
Le mot port signifie en gascon  ou , c'est le pendant de puerto en espagnol.

Le col est appelé puerto de la Lera ou puerto Nuevo en espagnol.

Géographie
Le port Neuf de Pinède est situé entre la pointe du Forcarral () à l'ouest et le pic de la Canau () à l'est.

Il abrite la croix frontière .

Histoire

Protection environnementale

Le col est situé dans le parc national des Pyrénées.

Le col fait partie d'une zone naturelle protégée, classée ZNIEFF de type 1, « cirques d'Estaubé, de Gavarnie et de Troumouse », et de type 2, « haute vallée du gave de Pau : vallées de Gèdre et Gavarnie ».

Voies d'accès
Le col est accessible par le versant nord (versant français) par le cirque d'Estaubé en direction de la borne de Tuquerouye ; versant sud (espagnol) par le cirque de Pineta.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des cols des Hautes-Pyrénées
 Liste des cols des Pyrénées
 Pic de Pinède

Liens externes

Pinède
Pinède
Pinède
Pinède
Pinède
Pinède
Frontière entre l'Espagne et la France
Massif du Mont-Perdu
Ligne de partage des eaux entre mer Méditerranée et océan Atlantique

Port Neuf de Pinède


වර්තමාන වුෂු ක්‍රිඩාව පැරණි සාම්‍ප්‍රධායික එන සටන් කලාවෙන් පැවත එන්නක් ලෙස හැදින්විය හැකිය. 1949 ට පසුව චීන සමුහාණ්ඩුව ක්‍රිඩාව ආරම්‍භ කෙරුණු අතර එය චීන සම්‍ප්‍රධායි සටන් කලාව ජාතික මට්‍ටම ගෙන ඒ‍මේ උත්සාහයක් විය.

වර්තමානයේ දී බොහෝ තරඟ පත්වනු ලබන්නේ රජය විසින් පත් කරනු ලැබූ කොමිටියකින් වන අතර එම තරඟ මුල් සටන් කලා සම්ප්‍රදායට අනුව සැලසුම් කෙරේ. එසේම අවුරුදු 2කට වරක් පවත්නා  වුෂු ලෝක ශූරතාවය දක්වන අන්තර්ජාතික ක්‍රීඩාවක් ලෙස දැනට මෙම ක්‍රීඩාව වර්ධනය වී ඇත. ප්‍රථම ලෝක ශූරතාවය 1991 දින බීජින් හි දී පැවැත්වුණු අතර ක්ලාර්ක් ෂෑන් එහි ශූරයා විය.

නූතන වූෂූ ක්‍රීඩා ප්‍රධාන අංග 2කින් පවත්වනු ලබයි. ඒවා නම් "ටඕලු" සහ "සැන්ඩා" ආරයි.

ටඕලු ආර බොහෝ දුරට චීන සටන් කලාව ඇතුළත් ජිම්නාස්ටික් ක්‍රීඩාවට සමාන වන අතර නියමිත් නීති රීති මාලාවක් යටතේ විනිශ්චයේ දී ලකුණු ප්‍රදානය කරයි. මෙම ආරේදී මූලික චීන සම්ප්‍රදායික සටන් ශිල්ප ඇතුළත් වන අතර කෙනෙකුගේ දක්ෂතාවය ඔප් නැංවීමේ දී වෙනස් කළ හැකිය. කාල පරාසයන් තුළ බාහිර හා අභ්‍යන්තර ආරයන්ට අනුව ක්‍රීඩාව තරඟකාරීව කෙරෙන අතර නූතන තරඟකරුවන් විවිධ ශිල්ප ක්‍රමවල අනුව පුහුණු වීම් සිදු කරනු ලබයි.

"සැන්ඩා" නූතන සටන් ක්‍රමයක් වන අතර එය චීන සම්ප්‍රදායික බොක්සින්, මල්ලව පොර හා විවිධ චින සටන් ක්‍රම (Qin Na) වල අභාසය ලබා ඇත. එය චීන විවිධ පහර දීම ශිල්ප ක්‍රම ඇතුළත්ව ඇත. එම තරඟ "ටඕලු" ක්‍රීඩා තරඟ හා සමාන්තරව පැවැත්වේ.

සටන් කලා
ක්‍රීඩා

වුෂු ක්‍රිඩාව


An Carex zahnii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johann Andreas `Andrees' Kneucker. An Carex zahnii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex zahnii


Alexandra Diana Badea (n. 22 mai 1998, în București) este o handbalistă română care joacă pe postul de extremă dreapta pentru clubul CS Rapid București. Badea a fost componentă a echipei naționale pentru junioare a României și a echipei naționale pentru tineret a României.

Biografie
Badea a început să joace handbal în clasa a V-a, la vârsta de 11 ani, în urma unei selecții de la școala ei. După doi ani a fost remarcată de profesorul Maximilian Gavrilă și adusă la echipa Școlii 181 București, unde a rămas timp de 6 ani și de unde a fost convocată, în 2015, la echipa U17 a României pentru a participa la ediția din acel an a FOTE și la Campionatul European din Macedonia.

În februarie 2017, Badea s-a transferat la Dinamo București, care evolua în Divizia A. În vara anului 2017, handbalista a semnat un contract cu HCM Râmnicu Vâlcea. După trei sezoane la echipa vâlceană, în 2020, Badea s-a transferat la CS Rapid București.

Palmares
Liga Campionilor:
Sfertfinalistă: 2020

Cupa EHF:
Turul 3: 2019

Liga Națională:
 Câștigătoare: 2019, 2022

Supercupa României:
 Câștigătoare: 2018
 Medalie de argint: 2019

Cupa României:
 Medalie de argint: 2018, 2019

Campionatul European U17
Locul IV: 2015

Campionatul Național de Junioare I:
 Câștigătoare: 2014

Campionatul Național de Junioare II:
 Câștigătoare: 2012, 2014

Note

Legături externe
Alexandra Badea pe pagina EHF
Alexandra Badea  pe pagina HandbalVolei

Jucătoare de handbal din România
Nașteri în 1998
Sportivi români în viață
Handbaliste ale SCM Râmnicu Vâlcea
Handbaliste ale Rapid București
Bucureșteni

Alexandra Badea


Adrijan Komnen (grčki Ἁδριανὸς Κομνηνός, Adrianos Komnenos) bio je bizantski plemić i general. Njegovi su roditelji bili domestikos tōn scholōn Ivan Komnen i gospa Ana Dalasena (kći Aleksija Charona), a brat car Bizantskog Carstva, Aleksije I. Komnen (vladao 1081. – 1118.). Prema povjesničaru Nikeforu Brijeniju, Ana je, nakon smrti svog supruga, povjerila Adrijana raznim tutorima, koji su mu pružili odlično obrazovanje. Nakon što je Aleksije postao car, Adrijan je dobio titulu prōtosésbatosa.

Adrijan je oženio princezu Zoe Duku, koja je "rođena u purpuru" (treća kći cara Konstantina X. Duke). Djeca Zoe i Adrijana:
Aleksije Komnen — imao je barem jednu kćer
kći (Ana?)
kći (Aleksija?)

Izvori

Bizantski vojskovođe
Komneni
Aleksije I. Komnen

Adrijan Komnen


Josef Lux, né le  à Ústí nad Orlicí et mort le  à Seattle, était un homme politique tchèque membre de l'Union chrétienne démocrate - Parti populaire tchécoslovaque (KDU-ČSL).

Biographie

Situation personnelle

Parcours politique

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Gouvernement Tošovský
 Gouvernement Klaus II
 Gouvernement Klaus I

Naissance en février 1956
Naissance à Ústí nad Orlicí
Décès en novembre 1999
Décès à 43 ans
Décès à Seattle
Ministre tchèque de l'Agriculture
Personnalité politique tchèque
Ministre tchèque
Naissance en Tchécoslovaquie

Josef Lux


Khensur Kyabje Lati Rinpoche, auch Lati Rinbochay (* 1922 in der Region Kham, Osttibet; † 2. April 2010 in Dharamsala, Indien) war ein tibetischer Lama.

Leben
Im Alter von 10 Jahren wurde er von Gongkar Rinpoche als Reinkarnation eines großen Gelehrten identifiziert und begann sein Leben als Mönch. Mit fünfzehn trat er in die Schule Gaden Schartse Norling ein, eine der drei Universitäten der Gelug-Lehre in Tibet. 1959 erhielt er durch seine Prüfung den Titel Geshe Lharampa und begann 1960 in Lhasa mit Studien des Tantra.

1964 folgte Lati Rinpoche dem 14. Dalai Lama in sein Exil in Indien. Dort wurde er in Dharamsala Berater des Dalai Lama. Seit 1976 lehrte er am Kloster des Dalai Lama, dem Namgyal Gomba. Im gleichen Jahr wurde er zum Abt der Gaden-Schule im Exil in Dharamsala ernannt. Hier starb er auch im Jahr 2010.

Veröffentlichungen
 Compassion in Tibetan Buddhism/Tsong Ka-pa, with Kensur Lekden's Meditations of a Tantric Abbot, edited and translated by Jeffrey Hopkins. Co-editor for Tsong Ka-pa's Text: Lati Rinbochay. Associate Editor for Kensur Lekden's Text: Barbara Frye. Valois, New York State, USA 1980, ISBN 0-937938-04-1.
 Mind in Tibetan Buddhism: Oral Commentary on Ge-shay Jam-bel-sam-pel's Presentation of Awareness and Knowledge, Composite of all the Important Points, Opener of the Eye of New Intelligence, übersetzt und mit einer Einführung von Elizabeth Napper. Rider, London 1980, ISBN 0-09-143251-0.
 Lati Rinpoche und Jeffrey Hopkins, mit einem Vorwort des Dalai Lama: Stufen zur Unsterblichkeit; Tod, Zwischenzustand und Wiedergeburt im tibetischen Buddhismus. Diederichs Gelbe Reihe Nr. 41. Diederichs, München 1994, ISBN 3-424-00741-2.
 Meditaive Studies and Tibetan Buddhism, edited and annotated by Leah Zahler. Wisdom Publications, Boston MA 1997, ISBN 0-86171-119-X.

Tibeter
Buddhistischer Mönch
Person des tibetischen Buddhismus
Geboren 1922
Gestorben 2010
Mann

Lati Rinpoche


Hohenlockstedt, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim yeri. 45,6 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 6225 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Ansgar Doernte tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-hohenlockstedt.de

Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Hohenlockstedt


Tlo - tjedni list omladine bio je hrvatski omladinski časopis. S izlaženjem je počeo 1969. godine. Izlazio je kao promjenjivo, većinom kao tjednik.

Od 1971. nosi naslov Tjedni list omladine Hrvatske. Ugašen je 1972. godine.

Glavni urednici časopisa bili su Ivan Rogić, Darko Bekić i Stjepan Čuić.

Sveukupno su izašla 62 broja časopisa: prvi broj izašao je 7. svibnja 1969., a posljednji dvobroj (br. 61/62) 10. lipnja 1972.

Časopis su pokrenuli Miroslav Tuđman, Ivan Rogić i Ivan Starčević.

Za časopis je tijekom 1971. pisao i Milan Ivkošić.

Izvori

Literatura
 Novak, B. Hrvatsko novinarstvo u 20. stoljeću. Zagreb: Golden marketing - Tehnička knjiga: Press data, medijska agencija HND-a, 2005.

Publikacije

Tlo (list)


Dalmacija je nakon Osovinske okupacije Jugoslavije i uspostave NDH, Rimskim ugovorima, podeljena između NDH i Italije. Vlast NDH u tzv. drugoj zoni ostaje samo formalna, te služi kao ispomoć talijanskoj vojsci koja otvoreno naoružava i obučava četničke postrojbe u dalmatinskoj zagori. Oružani ustanak u Dalmaciji započeo je usporedno s ustankom u ostatku okupirane Hrvatske. Glavni razlozi bili su nasilna talijanska okupacija te politika etničkog čišćenja kako talijanskog tako i četničkog, a kasnije i njemačkog (i ustaškog).

Već od lipnja 1942. utemeljeni su općinski i kotarski narodnooslobodilački odbori. U to doba partizanske su snage u Dalmaciji vezivale 54.000 talijanskih vojnika, 4000 četnika i 3000 ustaša, domobrana i žandara. Dva mjeseca kasnije, pored nekoliko odreda sastavljenih od po 2-3 bataljuna, formirane su prve dvije brigade, a 2000 dalmatinskih partizana upućeno je u proleterske brigade.

Nakon kapitulacije Italije u rujnu 1943. godine, Dalmaciju su oslobodile partizanske postrojbe. Njemačkom ofenzivom krajem početkom 1944. godine, dalmatinski partizani gube vlast nad Dalmacijom te je ona pripojena NDH, ali s jakim njemačkim vojnim kontigentom, XV. brdski korpus, kao stvarnom vlasti. Krajem ljeta 1944. sve dalmatinske brigade okupljene u Osmi dalmatinski korpus amfibijskim desantima počinju oslobađanje Dalmacije koje traje puna tri mjeseca, Dalmacija je potpuno oslobođena u prosincu 1944. Kninskom bitkom u kojoj je njemački XV. korpus razbijen.

Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata na prostoru tadašnje Jugoslavije, od 1941. do 1945. godine u okviru Narodnooslobodilačke vojske Jugoslavije utemeljeno je ukupno četrnaest brigada, koje su nosile naziv dalmatinske.

Za proleterske su proglašene Prva i Druga dalmatinska brigada. Za udarne Prva, Druga, Treća, Sedma i Jedanaesta dalmatinska brigada, a Ordenom narodnog heroja odlikovane su Prva, Druga i Treća dalmatinska brigada.

Popis dalmatinskih brigada

 Prva dalmatinska proleterska udarna brigada NOVJ-a
 Druga dalmatinska proleterska udarna brigada NOVJ-a
 Treća dalmatinska udarna brigada NOVJ-a (osnivana dva puta)
 Četvrta dalmatinska brigada NOVJ-a (osnivana dva puta)
 Peta dalmatinska brigada NOVJ-a (osnivana dva puta)
 Šesta dalmatinska brigada NOVJ-a
 Sedma dalmatinska udarna brigada NOVJ-a
 Osma dalmatinska brigada NOVJ-a
 Deveta dalmatinska brigada NOVJ-a
 Deseta dalmatinska brigada NOVJ-a
 Jedanaesta dalmatinska udarna brigada NOVJ-a
 Dvanaesta dalmatinska brigada NOVJ-a
 Trinaesta dalmatinska brigada NOVJ-a
 Četrnaesta dalmatinska brigada NOVJ-a

Popis dalmatinskih divizija
IX. dalmatinska divizija (osnivana dva puta)

XIX. dalmatinska divizija

XX. dalmatinska divizija

XXVI. dalmatinska divizija

Brojnost
O snazi dalmatinskog ustanka dovoljno je reći da je Dalmacija dala pet divizija. Naime, IX. divizija, poslije teških gubitaka na Neretvi gdje su je zapali najteži zadatci, ponovo je osnovana. Poslije kapitulacije Italije utemeljene su još tri – XIX., XX. i XXVI. divizija, od kojih je u listopadu 1943. sazdan Osmi korpus.

Sama je Dalmacija tada dala više boraca nego Srbija i Makedonija zajedno. Osmi korpus je u prosincu 1943. brojio 16.390 boraca. Vezivao je Njemačku 264. i 118. diviziju, dijelove 7. SS-divizije, i 114. divizije, jednu obalnu i jednu pohodnu pukovniju, 5. i 6. ustaški djelatni zdrug, 15. domobransku pješačku pukovniju, tri žandarmerijska puka i 4000 četnika.

Tijekom rata s područja Dalmacije u Narodnooslobodilačkom pokretu Hrvatske sudjelovalo je 110 000 ljudi dok je kroz postrojbe NOVJ-a prošla 71 000 boraca. U razdoblju prije mobilizacije Dalmacija je dala oko četvrtine ukupnog broja jugoslavenskih partizana.

Povezani članci
Narodnooslobodilački pokret u Hrvatskoj

Osmi dalmatinski udarni korpus

Izvori

Postrojbe NOV i PO Hrvatske
Povijest Dalmacije

Dalmacija u Narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi


كأس أبطال الكؤوس الآسيوية أو كأس الكؤوس الآسيوية هي مسابقة لكرة القدم نظمها الإتحاد الآسيوي لكرة القدم للأندية الآسيوية أبطال الكؤوس المحلية في بلدانها فقط لأن بطولة دوري أبطال آسيا حالياً (البطولة الآسيوية للأندية أبطال الدوري آنذاك) يشارك بها أبطال الدوريات المحلية في بلدانها فقط آنذاك لذالك خصصت هذه المسابقة لأبطال الكؤوس المحلية ويتنافس بطل بطولة كأس الكؤوس الآسيوية مع بطل بطولة دوري أبطال آسيا حالياً (البطولة الآسيوية للأندية أبطال الدوري آنذاك) على بطولة كأس السوبر الآسيوي، وانطلقت مسابقة كأس الكؤوس الآسيوية في عام 1990 وشاركت الأندية الفائزة بالكؤوس في كل بلد في هذه المسابقة، وبنظام خروج المغلوب ذهاباً وإياباً إلا أن كأس الكؤوس الآسيوية سيطر عليها نادي الكرخ العراقي، واستمرت المسابقة لمدة 12 موسم متتالي منذ 1990 وحتى 2002 وتوقفت البطولة في عام 2003 بعد أن قام الاتحاد الاسيوي بإجراء تعديلات واسعة على مسابقات الأندية حيث أوقف البطولات القديمة واستحدث بطولتين جديدة هما دوري أبطال آسيا للاتحادات المحترفة وبطولة أخرى للاتحادات النامية هي كأس الاتحاد الآسيوي عام 2004.

سجل الألقاب بحسب النادي

سجل الألقاب بحسب البلد

نهائيات كأس الكؤوس الآسيوية

إنظر أيضاً
 كأس الكؤوس الأوروبية
 كأس الكؤوس الإفريقية
 دوري أبطال آسيا
 كأس السوبر الآسيوي

مراجع

أحداث رياضية دورية انحلت في 2002
أحداث رياضية دورية أسست في 1990
منافسات بائدة لأندية الاتحاد الآسيوي لكرة القدم

كأس أبطال الكؤوس الآسيوية


KBDR es una estación de radio localizada en Laredo (Texas). Es más conocida como La Ley. Emite música tejana para los radioescuchas de Laredo y Nuevo Laredo.

Referencias

FKBDR
FKBDR

KBDR-FM


Preporuka Europske unije, vrsta pravnog akta Europske unije. Kao takvim, ostvaruju se njime ciljevi utvrđeni ugovorima EU-a. Nije obvezujuća. Preporukom se institucijama omogućuje da iznesu svoja stajališta i predlože način djelovanja, a da pritom ne nameću nikakve pravne obveze onima kojima je upute.

Izvori

Europsko pravo

Preporuka Europske unije


A Secretaria de Políticas Digitais (Sepod) é um órgão que compõe a Secretaria de Comunicação Social. É responsável por formular e implementar políticas públicas para promoção da liberdade de expressão, do acesso à informação, de enfrentamento à desinformação e ao discurso de ódio na Internet e estabelecer políticas para a inclusão de conteúdos nacionais no meio digital.

História
A Secretaria de Comunicação Social, a qual a Sepod é subordinada, voltou a ter status de ministério com a reforma ministerial do governo Lula. Antes, a secretaria funcionava dentro do Ministério das Comunicações. Foi instituída pelo presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, vide Decreto nº 11.362, de 1.º de janeiro de 2023. Anunciado por Paulo Pimenta (Ministro-chefe da Secretaria de Comunicação Social), o atual secretário é João Brant, cientista político e mestre em Políticas de Comunicação.

Lista de secretários-executivos

Ver também

 Ministérios do Brasil
 Secretaria de Comunicação Social
 Comunicação social

Referências

Ligações externas

 Secretaria de Políticas Digitais

Secretaria de Políticas Digitais


Carl Vogel, auch Karl Vogel (* 21. April 1798 in Dessau; † 27. April 1864 in Weimar) war ein deutscher Arzt, der als geheimer Hofrat und herzoglicher Leibarzt in Weimar tätig war.

Leben
Vogel stammte aus Dessau. Von der Schulbank weg nahm er als Freiwilliger an den Befreiungskriegen teil. Nach dem Abitur begann er am 26. Oktober 1816 in Halle (Saale) ein Medizinstudium. Im Frühjahr 1819 legte Vogel die Examina ab. Die Promotion folgte in Halle am 1. Mai 1819. Nach einer erfolgreichen Niederlassung in Liegnitz erhielt Carl Vogel im Juli 1826 den Ruf als Hofmediziner und Rat des Großherzogs Carl August nach Weimar. 1827 erhielt Carl Vogel den Titel des Leibarztes. Nach dem Tod Carl Augusts wurde Vogel auch der Leibarzt dessen Nachfolgers Carl Friedrich. Ab 1826 betreute Carl Vogel hausärztlich auch Johann Wolfgang von Goethe bis zu dessen Tod 1832. Goethe äußerte sich mehrfach anerkennend über Vogel: "Dr. Vogel ist klar, offen und heiter, sein Handwerk versteht er, und so wird alles gut gehen!" So schrieb Johann Peter Eckermann in seinen Gesprächen mit Goethe auf aus einem langen Gespräch mit diesem vom 24. Januar 1830: "Goethe sprach darauf über seine Gesundheit und pries sich glücklich, sich fortwährend vollkommen wohl zu befinden. 'Daß ich mich jetzt so gut halte,' sagte er, 'verdanke ich Vogel; ohne ihn wäre ich längst abgefahren. Vogel ist zum Arzt wie geboren und überhaupt einer der genialsten Menschen, die mir je vorgekommen sind. Doch wollen wir nicht sagen, wie gut er ist, damit er uns nicht genommen werde.'"

Carl Vogel unterstützte als Gehilfe Goethe bei der Verwaltung der weimarschen Anstalten für Kunst und Wissenschaft und der Universität Jena. Carl Vogel veröffentlichte 1833 in Hufelands Zeitschrift "Journal der praktischen Heilkunst" einen längeren Aufsatz über die Krankengeschichte Goethes, der Hufeland eine persönliche Nachschrift zufügte. Goethes letzte Worte "Mehr Licht" werden in dieser Veröffentlichung erstmals zitiert, wenn auch Carl Vogel im Augenblick des Todes von Goethe nicht im Sterbezimmer anwesend war. 1835 wurde Vogel der Titel eines geheimen Hofrates verliehen. Carl Vogel hatte als oberster Medizinalbeamter die Aufsicht über das Medizinalwesen des Herzogtums. Er wurde Mitglied zahlreicher in- und ausländischer Fachgesellschaften und stand der Witwen- und Waisenkasse der Ärzteschaft des Herzogtums vor. Bis zu seinem Tod veröffentlichte Vogel medizinische Fachliteratur und weitere Texte zu Goethe. Zuletzt gab er 1863 den Briefwechsel Goethes mit Herzog Carl August heraus. Hofrath Carl Vogel starb am 27. April 1864 in Weimar an einem Schlaganfall.

Von Carl Vogel ist lediglich eine Porträtzeichnung erhalten. Es handelt sich um eine Kreidezeichnung, die von Goethe 1826 bei Johann Joseph Schmeller in Auftrag gegeben wurde.

Schriften
 Grundlehren der ärztlichen Praxis in ihrem gesammten Umfange, Jena, Friedrich Frommann, 1832.
 Die letzte Krankheit Goethe's, beschrieben und nebst einigen andern Bemerkungen über denselben mitgetheilt von Dr. Carl Vogel, Großherzogl. Sächsischem Hofrathe und Leibarzte zu Weimar,  Nebst einer Nachschrift von C. W. Hufeland in: Journal der praktischen Heilkunde. Hrsg. von Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland, Jahrgang 1833, S. 3–33. (Digitalisat Faksimile, Digitalisat in Textform).
 Goethe in amtlichen Verhältnissen, Jena, Friedrich Frommann, 1834.
 Das staatsärztliche Verfahren für Aerzte, Chirurgen, Apotheker, Thierärzte und für Rechtsgelehrte, theoretisch und practisch dargestellt; nebst einem Anhange, Formularien zu staatsärztlichen Geschäftsschriften enthaltend, Jena, Friedrich Frommann, 1836.
 Ein merkwürdiger Fall von individuell tödtlicher Verletzung. Mitgetheilt von Dr. C.Vogel, Großh. Sächs. Hofr. und Leibarzt zu Weimar. In: Wochenschrift für die gesammte Heilkunde 1834/36, Berlin, August Hirschwald, 1836, S. 569–584.
 Die Grossh. Sächsische Pensions- und Unterstützungsanstalt für Wittwen und Waisen von Medicinalpersonen. Mitgetheilt von Dr. Vogel, Geh. Hofrathe und Leibarzte zu Weimar, Dir. der genannten Anstalt. In: Wochenschrift für die gesammte Heilkunde 1840/20, Berlin, August Hirschwald, 1840, S. 313–328.
 Die medicinische Polizeiwissenschaft, theoretisch und practisch dargestellt, etc. Jena, 1853.
 Geschichtsbilder, Leipzig, J.D. Hinrichs'schen Buchhandlung, 1854.
 Briefwechsel des Grossherzogs Carl August von Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach mit Goethe in den Jahren von 1775 bis 1828, Hrg. Carl Vogel, Weimar, 1863.

Literatur
 Rudolf Payer-Thurn: Goethe ein Bilderbuch, Günther Schulz Verlag, Leipzig, Abb. 159, Text S. 20.
 Wolfgang Kaiser, Arina Volker: Der Werdegang des Goetheschen Arztes Carl Vogel in: Die Entwicklung von Medizinalorganisation und Apothekenwesen am territorialen Beispiel von Anhalt, Ausgabe 54, Martin-Luther-Universität, 1987, S. 258ff.

Weblinks
 Carl Vogel in der Bibliotheca Augustana

Einzelnachweise

Person um Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Mediziner (19. Jahrhundert)
Absolvent der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
Person (Weimar)
Deutscher
Geboren 1798
Gestorben 1864
Mann

Carl Vogel (Mediziner)


Vestibul (latinski: vestibulum, predvorje, trijem, ulaz) je prostrano predvorje koje se najčešće javlja u javnim i reprezentativnim zgradama. U antičkoj rimskoj građanskoj kući vestibul je bila prostorija koja je povezivala ulaz s atrijem. Raskošan izgled poprimila je za vrijeme Rimskog Carstva (npr. Hadrijanova vila u Tivoliju, Dioklecijanova palača u Splitu). U renesansnoj i baroknoj arhitekturi vestibul je bio dvorište u kući, odnosno otvoren prostor prema kojemu komuniciraju stambene prostorije, ili zatvoren, bogato ukrašen ulazni prostor iz kojega vodi stubište u gornji kat.

U medicini unutrašnji dio uha se zove vestibilum.

Izvori

Povezani članci
 Vestibul (Split)
 Vestibulum

Vanjske poveznice

Rimska arhitektura
Prostorije

Vestibul


Indijanska mitologija se sastoji od priča koje su američki Indijanci, tijekom mnogih stoljeća, usmeno prenosili iz naraštaja u naraštaj. Te priče objašnjavaju kako je svijet postao takvim kakav je sada. .

Sve je sveto
Za Indijance je sve u prirodi međusobno povezano: ljudi, stijene, drveće, životinje. Čovjek se može pretvoriti u kamen ili životinju, ali i obrnuto. Tradicija se razlikuje ovisno o području na kojem živi pojedino pleme, ali glavno im je vjerovanje zajedničko.

Šamani
Ti ljudi istodobno su svećenici i iscjelitelji. Mogu razgovarati s duhovima u snu ili u viziji. Obično su duhovi nevidljivi, ali ponekad uzmu ljudski ili životinjski lik. Prepoznati ih mogu samo šamani. Šaman može zatražiti pomoć duha, a može ga i otjerati. Ako je čovjek bolestan, to je zato što mu je neki duh ušao u tijelo. Šaman može otkriti duha koji je kriv za bolest i natjerati ga da izađe iz čovjeka.

Dolazak Europljana
Dolazak Europljana u 17. stoljeću znatno je izmijenio život Indijanaca. Malo-pomalo oduzimali su im zemlju i tlačili ih pa ih sada više nema puno. Etnolozi (ljudi koji proučavaju narode, njihovu kulturu i običaje) strpljivo su prikupljali priče koje su pripovjedali stari Indijanci kojima je tradicija još bila svježa u sjećanju.

Nastanak Zemlje

U Indijanaca Assiniboine
U davno doba postojala je samo voda. Iktomi, istodobno čovjek i pauk, odluči stvoriti kopno. Ali kako to učiniti? Zapovjedi različitim životinjama da siđu na samo dno oceana, ali ono je tako duboko da ni jedna od njih ne uspije sići. Iktomi na kraju pokuša sa štakorom: "Zaroni i donesi mi malo zemlje!" Životinja posluša i nestane pod vodom. Ostao je štakor tamo dolje vrlo dugo. Napokon izroni, ali mrtav. Iktomi ipak nađe malo blata ispod pandža nesretne životinje koja se uspjela spustiti na samo dno oceana. Iktomi od njega načini kopno.

U Čejena

Prema čejenskim mitovima, Veliki Duh ili Manitu - jedna vrsta boga - stvorio je ocean, ribe i morske ptice. Ptice - umorne od neprestana leta - požele naći mjesto gdje bi se mogle malo odmoriti i vratiti snagu. Jedna od njih zaroni na dno oceana i donese malo blata. Veliki Duh ga počne mijesiti u rukama. Malo-pomalo, grumen je postajao sve veći. Jedna ga kornjača stavi na leđa. I tako je nastala Zemlja.

Prvi ljudi
Indijanci plemena Navajo misle da su praljudi bili nalik njima, ali su imali zube, pandže i noge divljih životinja. Tada su bogovi odlučili stvoriti nove ljude.

Neobičan susret
Jednoga dana pred praljudima se pojave četiri neobična boga. Nalikovali su današnjim ljudima, ali svaki od njih bio je druge boje: Bijelo Biće, Plavo Biće, Žuto Biće i Crno Biće. Ta su četiri boga vrlo teško komunicirala s praljudima. Nakon nekog vremena, Crno Biće im reče: "Želimo stvoriti nova bića na svoju sliku."

Perje i kukuruz
Dvanaest dana kasnije, četiri boga se ponovno pojave pred ljudima. Bijelo Biće nosilo je dva zrela klipa: jedno je bilo od bijelog kukuruza, a drugo od žutoga. Bogovi prostru na zemlju jelensku kožu, glave okrenute na zapad. Na nju stave kukuruz: ispod bijelog klipa bijelo orlovo pero, a ispod žutog klipa žuto orlovo pero. Sve to prekriju drugom kožom, glave okrenute na istok.

Vjetar koji daje život
Bogovi potom odmaknu ljude da bi vjetar mogao proći. Bijeli vjetar sa zapada uđe između dvije kože i orlova se pera počnu micati. Bogovi potom podignu gornju kožu. Klip bijelog kukuruza pretvorio se u prvoga muškarca, a klip žutog kukuruza u prvu ženu. Vjetar im je udahnuo životni dah.

Mitološka bića
Najpoznatija indijanska mitološka bića su: Duh vjetra, Ptica-grom, Iktomi, Veliki Duh ili Manitu, Duh neba, kojot... Taj kojot je ukrao Sunce i Mjesec i postavio ih na nebo. Ptica-grom stvara munje i često priskače u pomoć Indijancima.

Literatura
• Baussier, Svijet oko nas Mitologije, 1. izd., Naša djeca, Zagreb, 2004., , str. 107. – 112.

Vanjske poveznice
Native American Figures of Myth and Legend

Povijest

Indijanska mitologija


An Habenaria ramayyana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ram.Chary ngan Jeffrey James Wood. An Habenaria ramayyana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria ramayyana


HV71 este un club de hochei pe gheață din Jönköping-Huskvarna, Suedia, fondat in 1971.

Palmares
 Campioana Suediei:
 Câștigătoare:''' 1995, 2004, 2008, 2010, 2017

Note

Cluburi de hochei pe gheață din Suedia
Fondări în 1971

HV71


Verdensmesterskabet i curling for kvinder 1983 var det femte VM i curling for kvinder. Mesterskabet blev arrangeret af World Curling Federation og afviklet i Moose Jaw Civic Centre i Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, Canada i perioden 3. - 9. april 1983. Canada var vært for mesterskabet for første gang, og det var også første gang at mesterskabet blev afholdt uden for Europa.

Mesterskabet blev vundet af Schweiz' hold bestående af skipper Erika Müller, Barbara Meyer, Barbara Meier og Cristina Lestander, som i finalen besejrede Norges hold anført af skipper Eva Vanvik med 18-3, og dermed vandt Schweiz verdensmesterskabet for anden gang. Første gang schweizerne vandt VM var ved det allerførste mesterskab i 1979. Norge var til gengæld i VM-finalen for første gang, og derfor var sølvmedaljerne deres første VM-medaljer.

Danmark blev repræsenteret af et hold fra Hvidovre Curling Club under ledelse af Jane Bidstrup, som endte på syvendepladsen efter at have opnået fire sejre og fem nederlag.

Hold

Mesterskabet havde deltagelse af 10 hold: Otte fra Europa og to fra Nordamerika:

Resultater

De ti deltagende hold spillede først et grundspil alle-mod-alle, hvilket gav ni kampe til hvert hold. De fire bedste hold efter grundspillet gik videre til slutspillet om medaljer.

Grundspil

De ti hold spillede en enkeltturnering alle-mod-alle, hvilket gav ni kampe til hvert hold. De fire bedste hold i grundspillet gik videre til slutspillet.

Slutspil

De fire bedste hold fra grundspillet spillede i slutspillet om medaljer.

Samlet rangering

Kilder / eksterne henvisninger
Word Curling Federation - Results & Statistics - World Curling Championships 1983 - Women

Noter

1983 (Kvinder)
Sport i 1983
Curling i Canada
Sport i Moose Jaw

VM i curling 1983 (kvinder)


John Petersson (født 22. januar 1970, København, Danmark) er præsident for den europæiske Paralympiske Komité og tidligere konkurrencesvømmer fra Danmark. Han er også et af de 12 medlemmer af den internationale Paralympiske Komité og han har været næstformand i Dansk Handicap Idræts-Forbunds bestyrelse siden 2000. Petersson er statsautoriseret revisor, og studerede på Handelshøjskolen i København.

Paralympiske karriere
John Petersson deltog for første gang i De Paralympiske Lege i 1984 og sluttede sin karriere på De Paralympiske Lege i Sydney i 2000. Det var i 1988, at han af en journalist gav John Petersson tilnavnet "Piskeriset", som har bevaret ved hans side. John Petersson vandt i alt 15 Paralympiske medaljer i sin karriere.
 De Paralympiske Lege (1984-2000): 6 guld, 2 sølv og 7 bronze, 6 verdensrekorder
 3 VM (1986-1998): 4 guld, 3 sølv, 2 bronze, 4 verdensrekorder
 1 EM (1995): 2 guld, 1 sølv, 1 bronze.

Kilder og henvisninger

 John Petersson har vundet 15 paralympiske medaljer: Nu har han også en fra TrygFonden Christiansborg Rundt 25-08-2018 på svoem.dk

Personer fra København

John Petersson


كيفن مارك فيليبس ، من مواليد 25 يوليو 1973 في هارتفوردشير في إنجلترا، لاعب كرة قدم إنجليزي.

لعب مع منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم منذ عام 1999 وحتى عام 2000، وشارك معهم في 8 مباريات.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من هيتشن
طاقم ديربي كاونتي غير اللاعبين
طاقم ستوك سيتي غير اللاعبين
طاقم ليستر سيتي غير اللاعبين
لاعبو أستون فيلا
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو برمنغهام سيتي
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2000
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو سندرلاند
فيليبس
لاعبو ليستر سيتي
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا بي لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إنجلترا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي بلاكبول
لاعبو نادي ساوثهامبتون
لاعبو نادي كريستال بالاس
لاعبو نادي واتفورد
لاعبو ويست بروميتش ألبيون
مدربو الدوري الإنجليزي الشمالي الممتاز
مدربو كرة القدم
مدربو كرة قدم إنجليز
فيليبس

كيفن فيليبس


Gina Santos (25 de novembro de 19??) é uma actriz portuguesa. Fez teatro, rádio, televisão e cinema.

Biografia
Trabalhou no Grupo de Teatro dirigido por Manuela Porto, tendo representado Tchékhov e Lorca.

Ingressou em 1950 na Companhia Rey Colaço-Robles Monteiro onde permaneceu até 1966 e interpretou peças de Marcelino Mesquita, Alejandro Casona, Lope de Vega, Shakespeare, Almeida Garrett, Miguel Mihura, Arthur Miller, Carlos Selvagem, Georges Bernanos, Robert Thomas, Victorien Sardou, Garcia Lorca.

Integrou ainda o Teatro do Povo na encenação do Rei Lear de Shakespeare por Ribeirinho (1955).

Em 1960 foi a protagonista da peça A Sapateira Prodigiosa no Teatro Nacional D. Maria II.

Foi atriz assídua no teatro radiofónico.

Também fez televisão, nomeadamente as peças de teleteatro Fortuna (1961) e Lourdes (1963).

No Teatro da Cornucópia, em 1975, interpretou Pequenos Burgueses de Máximo Gorki com encenação de Jorge Silva Melo.

No cinema participou nos filmes Passagem e Ninguém Duas Vezes de Jorge Silva Melo.

Em 2004 participou no espetáculo de poesia Não Posso Adiar o Coração a convite dos Artistas Unidos.

Televisão

1958 - O Caminho da Cruz
1958 - O Céu da Minha Rua
1958 - Auto de Mofina Mendes
1959 - Atrás da Porta
1959 - É Meia-Noite, Dr. Schweitzer
1961 - Histórias Simples da Gente Cá do Meu Bairro
1961 - Fortuna
1962 - Madame Sans-Gêne
1962 - Apito e Casas Pequenas
1962 - A Menina do Chapelinho Encarnado
1963 - Comédia das Verdades e das Mentiras
1963 - Nunca Se Sabe
1963 - Lourdes
1966 - As Árvores Morrem de Pé

Cinema

1980 - Passagem ou A Meio Caminho
1984 - Ninguém Duas Vezes

Teatro

1950 - Comédia da Morte e da Vida - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1951 - O Amor Precisa de Escola - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1953 - A Taça de Oiro - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1953 - Rapaziadas - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1954 - Breve Sumário da História de Deus - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1955 - São João Baptista - Teatro do Povo
1955 - Comédia das Verdades e das Mentiras - Teatro do Povo
1957 - Castro - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1957 - As Bruxas de Salém - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1959 - Saias - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1959 - Guerra Fria - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1959 - Diálogos das Carmelitas - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1960 - Maribel e a Estranha Família - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1960 - A Sapateira Prodigiosa - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1960 - A Visita da Velha Senhora - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1961 - A Nova Vaga - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1961 - Madame Sans-Gêne - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1961 - Teatro de Gil Vicente - Auto da Visitação - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1961 - D. Henrique de Portugal - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1962 - Oito Mulheres - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1962 - Peraltas e Sécias - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1963 - Para Cada Um Sua Verdade - Teatro Nacional D. Maria II
1965 - Auto da Festa - Teatro São Carlos (Companhia Rey Colaço-Robles Monteiro)
1965 - Apesar de Tudo! - Teatro Avenida
1966 - A Bela Impéria - Teatro Avenida
1975 - Pequenos Burgueses - Teatro da Cornucópia
2004 - Não Posso Adiar o Coração - Artistas Unidos
2006 - O Teatro de Ibsen - Artistas Unidos (Feira do Livro)

Lista Incompleta - Em atualização

Atrizes de Portugal
Atores de teatro

Gina Santos


Secretaría de Finanzas de Honduras es la encargada de lo concerniente a la formulación, coordinación, ejecución y evaluación de las políticas relacionadas con las finanzas públicas y el Presupuesto General de Ingresos y Egresos de la República, lo relativo al crédito y la deuda pública, la programación de la inversión pública, el control fiscal de los puertos y aeropuertos y todo lo relacionado con las obligaciones tributarias.

Historia

Mediante la primera Constitución del Estado de Honduras de 1825, se ordenaba la creación de una cartera que administrase la economía del estado, al principio se le denominó como Ministerio de Finanzas, seguidamente a mediados del siglo XX, cambio como Ministerio de Economía y Comercio, hasta el actual nombre que hoy lleva.

Datos
 Nombre: Secretaría de Estado en el Despacho de Finanzas
 Dirección: Avenida Cervantes, Barrio El Jazmín, Edificio SEFIN, Tegucigalpa,   M.D.C, Honduras, C.A.
 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
 Secretario de Estado: Rixi Moncada Godoy
 Subsecretario de Crédito e Inversión Pública: Roberto Ramírez Alvarenga
 Subsecretaria de Finanzas y Presupuesto : Elizabeth Rivera

Véase también
 Banco Central de Honduras (BCH)
 BANADESA (Banco Nacional de Desarrollo Agrícola)
 Bolsa Hondureña de Valores (BHV)
 Economía de Honduras
 Poder Ejecutivo de Honduras
 Política de Honduras

Página web

Ministerios de Honduras
Política de Honduras
Secretarías de estado de Honduras
Honduras

Secretaría de Finanzas (Honduras)


"Fé" é uma canção da cantora e compositora brasileira Iza, que originialmente serviria como terceiro single do seu segundo álbum de estúdio, mas foi retirado do álbum um tempo depois.

A música foi indicada ao Grammy Latino de 2023 na categoria Grammy Latino de Melhor Interpretação Urbana em Língua Portuguesa.

Videoclipe
O vídeo foi dirigido pelo diretor Felipe Sassi, e roterizada pela própria cantora.

Sobre o processo de criação, a cantora disse: "Eu não estava conseguindo explicar direito para o Felipe. Então eu falava que queria uma parte que parecesse minha consciência. E queria que fosse uma coisa clara, ampla, sem fim. Mas como você traduz isso em imagem, né?", brincou.

Além disso, o projeto contou com um grande ballet formado em dança contemporânea, que deu um toque especial à produção. "Eu falei: 'Felipe, eu quero cantar para a câmera e quero as pessoas batendo na minha cara, me puxando, falando sobre essa resiliência, sobre olhar para a frente", relembrou.

Recepção
O videoclipe de "Fé" foi colocado como um dos melhores vídeos brasileiros de 2022, pela imprensa.

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| "Revista Eolor"
| Melhores clipes do Brasil em 2022
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Prêmios e indicações

Canções gravadas por Iza (cantora)

Fé (canção)


مانويل لوريانو رودريغيز سانشيز  (4 يوليو 1917 - 29 أغسطس 1947)، المعروف باسم مانوليتي، هو مصارع ثيران إسباني، ويعد من أشهر مصارعي الثيران في إسبانيا في الستينات.

المهنة
اشتهر مانوليتي بعد الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية. كان أسلوبه رصينًا وخطيرًا، وقد برع في لحظات قتل الثور. شملت مساهمة مانوليتي في مصارعة الثيران مقدرته على الوقوف دون حراك بينما يمر الثور بالقرب من جسده، وبدلاً من التمريرات المنفصلة، واستطاع البقاء في بقعة واحدة ثم ربط أربعة أو خمسة تمريرات متتالية معًا في سلسلة واحدة.

ايتكر تمريرة مع قماش الموليتا تسمى «مانوليتينا»، وعادة ما كان ينفذها قبل أن يقتل بالسيف. بالإضافة إلى انتصاراته في الحلبات الرئيسية في إسبانيا، فقد حقق انتصارات مهمة في بلازا المكسيك.

الموت
توفي في أغسطس 1947 في أعقاب تمزق في الساق اليمنى العليا، حيث طعنه الثور، ويدعى إيسليرو، وكان ثاني ثور ينازله مانوليتي في ذلك اليوم. صدم الشعب الإسباني بهذا الحدث. حدث النزال في بلدة ليناريس حيث ظهر إلى جانب المصارع الصاعد لويس ميغيل دومينغين، والذي أعلن نفسه «الرقم واحد» بعد وفاة مانوليتي.

لعب دوره أدريان برودي في فيلم مانوليت عام 2008.

مراجع

الرياضة في المكسيك
مواليد 1917
مواليد في قرطبة
وفيات 1947
وفيات الرياضة في إسبانيا
وفيات بالطعن
وفيات حلبات مصارعة الثيران
وفيات في ليناريس (جيان)
مصارعو ثيران إسبان
رياضيون من قرطبة

مانوليتي


Mes Buachalla, auch Mess Búachalla ("Findelkind des Kuhhirten") ist der Name einer Sagenfigur aus dem Ulster-Zyklus der keltischen Mythologie Irlands.

In der Erzählung Togail Bruidne Da Derga ("Die Zerstörung der Halle Da Dergas") wird Mes Buachalla als Mutter des Königs Conaire Mór und Gattin von Etarscél genannt. Hier ist sie die Tochter von Hochkönig Eochaid Fedlech und Étain.

Nach der Sage Tochmarc Étaíne ("Das Werben um Étaín") soll sie die Tochter von Hochkönig Eochaid Airem, Eochaid Fedlechs Bruder, mit der eigenen Tochter Ésa sein, die dieser für seine Gattin Étain hält. Wegen dieses versehentlichen Inzests will er Mutter und Kind töten lassen, sie finden aber Zuflucht bei einem Hirten und seiner Frau. Da Mes Buachalla zu einer Schönheit heranwächst, nimmt sie der Hochkönig Etarscél zur Gemahlin. Ihren Sohn Conaire Mór soll sie durch eine Liebesnacht mit einem Unbekannten empfangen haben, der in der Nacht in Vogelgestalt in ihr Schlafgemach hereinflog; Etarscél hält ihn unwissend für seinen eigenen Sohn.

Siehe auch
 Liste keltischer Götter und Sagengestalten
 Mythen und Sagen aus Irland
 Keltische Frauen

Literatur
 Bernhard Maier: Lexikon der keltischen Religion und Kultur (= Kröners Taschenausgabe. Band 466). Kröner, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-520-46601-5, S. 232, 315 f.

Weblinks

Irische Sagengestalt

Mes Buachalla


Pirinççizade Feyzi Bey (1878, Diyarbakır - 17 Şubat 1933), Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebûsan'ı ve TBMM'de toplam dört dönem milletvekilliği yapmış, ayrıca üç ayrı dönemde Bayındırlık Bakanlığı'nı yürütmüş Kürt asıllı  Türk siyaset adamıdır.

Diyarbakır Askerî İdadisi mezunudur. Mülkiye Kaleminde Memurluk, Serbest Tüccarlık, Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusan I., II., III. ve IV. Dönem Diyarbakır Mebusluğu yaptı. Birinci Dunya Savışı'ndan dolayı, işgal devirde 15 Ocak 1919 tarihinde diğer Diyarbakır mebusu Zülfü Bey ile beraber "siyasi propagandalar yaptıkları ve Ermeni Katliami'ne karıştıkları" ihbar üzerine İngilizler tarafinden tutuklanmış, önce Mısır'a nakolunup, daha sonra Malta sürgünleri oldurlar. Malta'da bulunmasına rağmen Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusan'ın son dönemine seçildi ama Meclis'e katılamadı.

Babası Pirinççizade Arif Bey'nun editörlüğünü yaptığı Diyarbekir Gazetesi'nde Mustafa Kemal Atatürk'ün Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin bölünmez bütünlüğünü vurgulayan yazılarını yazarak destekliyordu. Lozan Antlaşması'nda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin bölünmez bütünlüğünü korumak için, Kürt kökenli Türkiye vatandaşlarını temsilen İsmet İnönü ile beraber Lozan'daki müzakerelere katıldı. Mehmet Şükrü Sekban önderliğinde bir grup hükûmete ve Lozan'da Kürt kökenli Türkiye vatandaşlarını temsilen bulunan Feyzi Pirinççioğlu'na muhtıra verdi. Hükûmet ve Feyzi Pirinççioğlu muhtırayı bertaraf etti. Bunun ardından Şeyh Said İsyanı çıktığında Diyarbakır valisi olan Ahmet Mithat Kalabalık'ın talimatıyla, isyan sırasında Diyarbakır milletvekilliği yapan Feyzi Pirinççioğlu ve ailesi ayaklanmanın başarıyla bastırılmasına yardım etti.[2][3][4][5]

TBMM I.ve II. Dönem Diyarbakır Milletvekilliği, 5. Şube Başkanlığı, Nâfıa (Bayındırlık) Encümeni Başkanlığı, 5. İcra Vekilleri Heyeti ve 3. Hükûmet Nâfıa Vekillikleri yapmıştır.  Kırmızı-yeşil şeritli İstiklal Madalyası sahiplerindendir. Evli ve 7 çocuk babası idi.

Feyzi Pirinççioğlu'nun babası 1879 yılında Diyarbakır'da 30 köye sahip,  Meclis-i Mebusan 3. dönem mebusu, Diyarbekir Vilayeti başkanı ve Diyarbekir Gazetesi'nin editörü Pirinççizade Arif Bey'dir.

Ziya Gökalp'in dayısının oğludur.

Kaynakça

1879 doğumlular
1933 yılında ölenler
Diyarbakır doğumlu siyasetçiler
Türkiye Kürtleri
Kürt asıllı Türk siyasetçiler
TBMM 1. dönem Diyarbakır milletvekilleri
TBMM 2. dönem Diyarbakır milletvekilleri
1908-1912 Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı Diyarbakır üyeleri
1912 Nisan-Ağustos Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı Diyarbakır üyeleri
1914-1918 Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı Diyarbakır üyeleri
Son Osmanlı Meclis-i Mebusanı (1920) Diyarbakır üyeleri
TBMM Bayındırlık, İmar, Ulaştırma ve Turizm Komisyonu Başkanları
20. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
Kırmızı-yeşil şeritli İstiklâl Madalyası sahipleri
Türk tüccarlar
Karacaahmet Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Pirinççioğlu ailesi

Pirinççizade Feyzi Bey


Bombus cingulatus er tegund af humlum, útbreidd í Evrasíu.

Lýsing
Hún er rauðbrún á baki og fyrstu liðum afturbols, restin af búknum er svartur nema alveg aftast er hún hvít. Tungan er stutt. Hún líkist mjög ryðhumlu.

Tilvísanir

Hunangsflugur

Bombus cingulatus


21633 Hsingpenyuan este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
21633 Hsingpenyuan este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Socorro, New Mexico, în cadrul proiectului LINEAR. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,36 ua, o excentricitate de 0,09 și o înclinație de 5,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 21001-22000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Familia  Vesta

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

21633 Hsingpenyuan


El gorgojo del camalote (Neochetina eichhorniae) es un gorgojo nativo de Argentina y regiones aledañas. Su planta huésped es el jacinto del agua, nativo del Amazonas. Considerada como parte de la familia Brachyceridae, que antes era tratada como subfamilia de Curculionidae.

Descripción
Es de color marrón grisáceo con un moteado marrón característico. La probóscide es gruesa y ligeramente curvada en el macho, más fina en la hembra. El macho mide de 3,4 a 4,5 mm de largo (excluyendo cabeza y antenas) y la hembra de 3,8 a 4,9 mm.

Su ciclo de vida es de aproximadamente cuatro meses, dependiendo de factores ambientales.

Los insectos adultos producen cicatrices en las hojas y pecíolos al alimentarse. Las larvas crean túneles en los pecíolos y el tallos. Esta actividad reduce la capacidad reproductiva de la especie, mermando su crecimiento.

Uso en control biológico
Neochetina eichhorniae se introdujo en Florida (Estados Unidos en 1972) para control biológico del camalote o jacinto del agua (Eichhornia crassipes). Debido a su éxito en la reducción y control de la planta en Everglades y otros sistemas, fue introducido en otros estados, así como en otros países, por ejemplo el Lago Victoria en el este de África. Neochetina bruchi también ha sido introducido con el mismo objetivo.

El jacinto de agua es una especie altamente invasiva y tiene tendencia a cubrir toda la superficie de un lago o curso de agua, produciendo graves daños ecológicos y perjuicios económicos, ya que afecta negativamente a la pesca, a las centrales hidroeléctricas y al transporte acuático, entre otras actividades.

Enlaces externos

 U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Waterways Experiment Station: Neochetina eichhorniae - "Mottled Waterhyacinth Weevil" - text and photos
 Australian Museum: Waterhyacinth Weevil, Neochetina eichhorniae - photo
 Cornell University Guide: "natural pest enemies in North America"
 Progresos en el manejo del jacinto de agua (Eichhornia crassipes) - Maricela Martínez Jiménez (En español)
 Bugguide

Curculionidae
Control biológico

Neochetina eichhorniae


Limonia može označavati:
 Limonia (Animalia) Meigen, 1803, rod kukaca dvokrilaca iz porodice Limoniidae .
 Limonia (Plantae) L., biljni rod iz porodice Rutaceae .

Limonia


Richard Bragdon (né en 1975/76) est un homme politique canadien du Nouveau-Brunswick. Il représente la circonscription fédérale néo-brunswickoise de Tobique—Mactaquac à titre de député conservateur à partir de 2019.

Biographie
Né à Woodstock au Nouveau-Brunswick, Bragdon présente le projet de loi privé C-228, Act to establish a framework to reduce recidivism (Loi établissant un cadre pour réduire la récidive) qui, après son adoption, engage le ministère la Sécurité publique de développer une stratégie fédérale afin de réduire la récidive.

En juin 2021, il vote non au projet de loi C-6 qui vise à rendre illégales les thérapies de conversion au Canada.

Résultats électoraux

Références
Richard Bragdon - Chambre des communes du Canada

Actuel député fédéral canadien
Naissance à Woodstock (Nouveau-Brunswick)
Député du Parti conservateur du Canada
Député fédéral canadien provenant du Nouveau-Brunswick

Richard Bragdon


George Lawrence "Larry" Mikan III (St. Louis Park, Minnesota, ), es un exjugador de baloncesto estadounidense que disputó una temporada en la NBA. Con 2,01 metros de estatura, jugaba en la posición de ala-pívot. Es hijo del también exprofesional George Mikan y sobrino de Ed Mikan.

Trayectoria deportiva

Universidad
Jugó durante tres temporadas con los Golden Gophers de la Universidad de Minnesota, en las que promedió 14,0 puntos y 10,2 rebotes por partido. Tiene el récord de su universidad de más tiros libres anotados en un partido, con los 17 logrados ante Purdue Boilermakers en 1969. En su último año fue incluido en el segundo mejor quinteto de la Big Ten Conference.

Profesional
Fue elegido en la sexagésimo cuarta posición del Draft de la NBA de 1970 por Los Angeles Lakers, y también por los Denver Rockets en la sexta ronda del draft de la ABA, firmando por dos temporadas por los Lakers, aunque fue despedido sin llegar a debutar antes del comienzo de la competición, fichando entonces como agente libre por los Cleveland Cavaliers.

En los Cavs jugó una temporada como suplente, en la que promedió 3,0 puntos y 2,6 rebotes por partido.

Estadísticas de su carrera en la NBA

Temporada regular

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Baloncestistas de Minnesota
Baloncestistas de la NBA
Baloncestistas de los Minnesota Golden Gophers
Baloncestistas de los Cleveland Cavaliers

Larry Mikan


Revival (ofte stiliseret som RƎVIVAL) er det niende studiealbum fra den amerikanske rapper Eminem. Det udgives den 15. december 2017 gennem Aftermath Entertainment, Shady Records og Interscope Records. Produktionen af albummet fandt sted mellem 2016 og 2017, i flere forskellige pladestudier og blev udført af flere forskellige musikproducere, herunder Rick Rubin, Skylar Grey, Eminem selv og executive producer Dr. Dre.

Singlen "Walk on Water" der har den amerikanske sangerinde Beyoncé med på vokalen, blev udgivet den 10. november 2017.

Baggrund

Eminem afslørede første gang at han arbejdede på et album, da han annoncerede sangen "Campaign Speech" på sin Twitter i oktober 2016, hvor han skrev "Bare rolig, jeg arbejder på et album! Her er noget i mellemtiden". Rygterne startede i slutningen af 2016, og sagde at albummet ville hedde Success, og gav en udgivelsesdato til engang i januar 2017. En falsk sporliste fandt vej frem i offentligheden på samme tid. Rygterne startede igen i februar og marts 2017, da han var hovednavn i tre shows i Reading, Glasgow og Leeds. Forskellige nyhedsartikler sagde at fordi han ville optræde, ville han skulle udgive nyt materiale til at optræde med, eller i det mindste prøve nyt materiale, på festivalerne.

Udgivelses og promovering

I august 2017, annoncerede online-udgivelsen Hits Daily Double, at Eminem ville være en af tre store udgivelser i årets sidste kvartel, sammen med Sam Smiths The Thrill of It All og Taylor Swifts Reputation, og angav den 17. november 2017 som udgivelsesdato, hvilket viste sig ikke at være rigtigt. Den 10. oktober optrådte Eminem med en freestyle-rap kaldet "The Storm" til BET Hip Hop Awards 2017, hvori han kritiserede siddende præsident Donald J. Trump. Rapperens freestyle gik viralt, fik flere millioner views og hundrede tusinder af likes på YouTube inden for få uger.

Eminem brugte et fiktivt medikament til at promovere sit første soloalbum siden 2013s The Marshall Mathers LP2, efter at Rosenberg lagde et billede på Instagram af Yelawolfs Trial by Fire.. I baggrunden af det billede, kan man se en reklametavle der reklamerer for et medikament kaldet revival. Fans opdagede at logoet for Revival havde et omvendt 'E', lige som Eminems logo. På sin hjemmeside, er det første der vises en video om Revival og hvad det behandler. I videoen laver skuespiller referencer til Eminems sang "Lose Yourself". Hjemmesiden refererer desuden til "Sing for the Moment", "Brain Damage", "Fack",  "Role Model" og "Any Man". Revival skal angiveligt kunne behandle Atrox Rithimus, en ikke-eksisterende lidelse. En oversættelse af Atrox Rithimus, fra latin, er "forfærdelig rytme". Hjemmeside er også ejet af en af Eminems pladeselskaber, Interscope Records. Når man ringer til telefonnummeret til Revival, spilles Dr. Dres "I Need a Doctor" som baggrundsmusik, hvorpå Eminem også er med. Alle disse detaljer har fået de fleste til at tro at hans næste album vil hedde Revival. Dette ville følge navnene på to af hans tre sidste soloalbummer, Relapse og Recovery. Hjemmeside påstår også at "REVIVAL er stadig i kliniske forsøg". Dette betød højst sandsynligt at albummet eksisterede og at man stadig arbejdede på det.

Den 8. november 2017 tweetede Eminem et billede af en læges receptblok med ordene "'Walk on Water", tag efter behov" skrevet på det. Dette skabte spekulationer om den første single ville hedde "Walk on Water". Den falske recept var trykt med logoet for Revival. Den 9. november delte Paul Rosenberg en video på Instagram, der viste talsmanden for Revival-kampagnen Trevor der fastslog at "du vil kunne gå på vandet med Revival til middag EST", hvilket bekræftede sangen, der blev udgivet dagen efter. Den 28. november 2017 blev udgivelsesdatoen for albummet annonceret via Dr. Dres Instagram-konto, der også afslørede den falske medicinreklame for albummet.

Sporliste

Turné
I sommeren 2018 begav Eminem sig ud på en Europa-turné, da blandt andet bragte ham forbi Roskilde Festivalen - hans første optræden i Danmark.

Noter

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Aftermath Entertainment albummer
Albummer produceret af Dr. Dre
Albummer produceret af Rick Rubin
Eminem-album
Interscope Records albummer
Album fra 2017

Revival


Maia Emilia Ninel Morgenstern (; born 1 May 1962) is a Romanian film and stage actress, described by Florin Mitu of AMOS News as "a symbol of Romanian theater and film". In the English-speaking world, she is best known for portraying the Blessed Virgin Mary in Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ. In Romania, she has been nationally known since her 1992 role as Nela in Balanța, a film known in the United States as The Oak, set during the waning days of Communist Romania. She received a star on the Romanian Walk of Fame in Bucharest on 1 May 2011.

Biography
Born in Bucharest, Romania, to a Jewish family, she
attended the Zoia Kosmodeminskaia High School in her native city, and graduated from the Film and Theatre Academy of Bucharest in 1985. She then played at  Teatrul Tineretului (Youth Theater) in Piatra Neamț until 1988, and at the Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat (State Jewish Theatre) in Bucharest 1988, 1989, and 1990. From 1990 to 1998 she was a member of the company of the National Theatre in Bucharest, and since 1998 of Teatrul Bulandra, also in Bucharest; in addition, she continues to act at the Jewish State Theatre and other Bucharest theaters and elsewhere in Romania. Among her notable stage roles in recent years, in a Romanian-language production of The Blue Angel (Îngerul Albastru in Romanian) at Bucharest's Odeon Theater, in 2001-2 she played (to great critical acclaim) Lola Lola, the character made famous by Marlene Dietrich. At the same time, she was also playing the role of Kathleen Hogan in a Romanian-language production of Israel Horovitz's Park Your Car in Harvard Yard at the State Jewish Theater.

Morgenstern has appeared in numerous films, primarily in Romanian language roles. In The Passion of the Christ, she performs a role in Aramaic, but like the other actors in the cast of that film, she simply memorized her lines phonetically. She reported that she felt really proud to portray the Virgin Mary.

Her surname, Morgenstern, means "Morning Star" in German, a title of the Virgin Mary, the character she played in The Passion of the Christ. Mel Gibson, a devout Traditionalist Catholic, thought this of great significance when casting her. In interviews, she has defended The Passion of the Christ against allegations of antisemitism, saying that the high priest Caiaphas is portrayed not as a representative of the Jewish people, but as a leader of the establishment, adding that "Authorities throughout history have persecuted individuals with revolutionary ideas."

On 29 March 2021, a Romanian man was arrested after Morgenstern received an email stating "I intend to throw her in the gas chamber".

Personal life
She has been married twice, first to Claudiu Istodor (1983–1999), and then to  Dumitru Băltățeanu (2001–2015). She has three children, one of them being actor Tudor Aaron.

Awards, recognition
She has won several major awards as an actress:
 Best Actress for: Cei care platesc cu viața ("Those who pay with their lives", 1991), Romanian Filmmakers Union
UNITER (Romanian Theatrical Union) Lucia Sturdza Bulandra Prize (1990) for her stage role as Medea in Trilogia antică (Ancient Trilogy), directed by Andrei Șerban.
 Best Actress for: Balanța (1992), European Film Awards
 Best Actress for: Balanța (1992), Cinéma Tout Ecran (Geneva Film Festival)
 Best Actress for: Balanța (1992), Romanian Filmmakers Union
 UNITER best actress award (1993), for her role in Ghetto at the Romanian National Theatre.
 UNITER (1995) award for her performance in the stage production of Lola Blau.
 Best Film Actress for: The Passion of the Christ (2004), Ethnic Multicultural Media Awards (EMMA Awards), UK

Filmography
Where translations of titles are italicized, it indicates use of the translated title for the film in English-language release.

References

Romanian stage actresses
Romanian film actresses
European Film Award for Best Actress winners
Caragiale National University of Theatre and Film alumni
Actresses from Bucharest
Romanian Jews
Jewish actresses
1962 births
Living people

Maia Morgenstern


Robert Merl (* 15. Juni 1991) ist ein österreichischer Orientierungsläufer.

2009 wurde er Jugend-Europameister, 2011 in Polen wurde er Weltmeister der Junioren auf der Mitteldistanz zeitgleich mit dem Finnen Topias Tiainen und dem Russen Dmitri Nakonetschnij, auf der Langdistanz gewann er die Silbermedaille. Daraufhin startete er 2011 auch bei den Weltmeisterschaften der Aktiven in Frankreich und kam dabei unter anderem auf den siebten Platz im Sprint.

Merl läuft für den Verein ASKÖ Henndorf aus dem Flachgau.

Merl ist aktiver Sportler des Heeressportzentrums des Österreichischen Bundesheers. Als Heeressportler trägt er derzeit den Dienstgrad Korporal.

Platzierungen

Weblinks
 Robert Merl World of O Runners
 Merl Robert - Sporterfolge Land Salzburg

Einzelnachweise

Österreichischer Meister (Orientierungslauf)
Mitglied des Heeressportverbandes
Österreicher
Geboren 1991
Mann
Teilnehmer an den World Games (Österreich)

Robert Merl


Torenija (lat. Torenia), rod jednogodišnjeg zeljastog raslinja i trajnica iz porodice ljuborovki (Linderniaceae). Pripada mu 68 vrsta raširenih u suptropskoj i tropskoj Americi, Africi, Aziji i Australiji

Nazivu roda Torenia dao je Carl Linnaeus u čast švedskog luteranskog svećenika Olofa Toréna.

Vrste

 Torenia anagallis (Burm.f.) Wannan, W.R.Barker & Y.S.Liang
 Torenia asiatica L.
 Torenia benthamiana Hance
 Torenia bicolor Dalzell
 Torenia bimaculata Ridl.
 Torenia biniflora T.L.Chin & D.Y.Hong
 Torenia blancoi Merr.
 Torenia burttiana R.R.Mill
 Torenia caelestis Ridl.
 Torenia cambodgiana Bonati
 Torenia celebica T.Yamaz.
 Torenia chevalieri Bonati
 Torenia ciliaris Sm.
 Torenia concolor Lindl.
 Torenia cordata (Griff.) N.M.Dutta
 Torenia cordifolia Roxb.
 Torenia courtallensis Gamble
 Torenia crenata (Pennell) Pennell
 Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & Schltdl.
 Torenia cyanea Alston
 Torenia cyrtandriflora B.L.Burtt
 Torenia daubyi Eb.Fisch. & O.Lachenaud
 Torenia davidii Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia dictyophora (P.C.Tsoong) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia diffusa D.Don
 Torenia dinklagei Engl.
 Torenia flava Buch.-Ham. ex Benth.
 Torenia fordii Hook.f.
 Torenia fournieri Linden ex E.Fourn.
 Torenia godefroyi Bonati
 Torenia grandiflora (Merr.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia hayatae Bonati
 Torenia hirsulissima Bonati
 Torenia hirsuta Willd.
 Torenia indica C.J.Saldanha
 Torenia javanica T.Yamaz.
 Torenia kinmenensis (Y.S.Liang, Chih H.Chen & J.L.Tsai) Y.S.Liang & J.C.Wang
 Torenia laotica Bonati
 Torenia leucosiphon Alston
 Torenia lindernioides C.J.Saldanha
 Torenia maculata (Bonati) Y.F.Deng
 Torenia mannii Skan
 Torenia molluginoides (Benth.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia oblonga (Benth.) Hance
 Torenia patens Pennell
 Torenia perennans (T.Yamaz.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia philcoxii Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia pierreana Bonati
 Torenia pierreanoides (T.Yamaz.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia poilanei Bonati
 Torenia polygonoides Benth.
 Torenia pterogona (T.Yamaz.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia ranongensis T.Yamaz.
 Torenia scandens Bonati
 Torenia siamensis T.Yamaz.
 Torenia silvicola A.Raynal
 Torenia spathacea (Bonati) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia stolonifera Bojer ex Benth.
 Torenia subconnivens (Philcox) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia taishanensis (F.Z.Li) Y.S.Liang & J.C.Wang
 Torenia thailandica T.Yamaz.
 Torenia thorelii Bonati
 Torenia thouarsii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze
 Torenia travancorica Gamble
 Torenia udawnensis (T.Yamaz.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia umbellata (T.Yamaz.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh. & Kai Müll.
 Torenia vientianica T.Yamaz.
 Torenia violacea (Azaola ex Blanco) Pennell

Sinonimi
 Caela Adans.
 Hornemannia Link & Otto
 Legazpia Blanco
 Nortenia Thouars
 Pentsteira Griff.
 Tuyamaea T.Yamaz.
 Ucnopsolen Raf.

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Ljuborovke

Torenija


Hamadi Jebali (en árabe: حمادي الجبالي, Hizb al-Nahda, o Hizb Ennahda; 1949, Susa) es un político tunecino, secretario general del Partido del Renacimiento, fue Jefe de Gobierno de Túnez desde 2011 a 2013, siendo el primero en ostentar dicho cargo, pues anteriormente al premier tunecino se lo conocía como Primer ministro. Director del periódico Al Fajr, Hamadi Jebali fue condenado a 16 años de prisión por «agresión para intentar cambiar la naturaleza del Estado». Fue liberado en 2006.
Asumió como Primer ministro de su país el 24 de diciembre de 2011

Biografía
Nacido en Sousse en 1949, Jebali recibió su licenciatura en ingeniería mecánica en la Universidad de Túnez y agregó un programa de maestría en ingeniería fotovoltaica en París, Francia. Como especialista en energía solar y energía eólica , fundó su propia empresa en Sousse.

En 1981 se involucró con el movimiento islamista de Túnez, entonces llamado Movimiento de la Tendencia Islámica. Fue director y editor en jefe de Al-Fajr (Dawn), el antiguo periódico semanal del partido islamista Ennahda. Además, fue miembro del consejo ejecutivo del partido por mucho tiempo y sigue siendo secretario general de Ennahda.

En junio de 1990, Al-Fajr publicó un artículo de Rashid al-Ghannushi titulado "¿La gente del estado o del estado del pueblo?" Jebali fue responsabilizado por la publicación y recibió una sentencia suspendida y una multa de 1,500 dinares por los delitos de "alentar la violación de la ley" y "pedir insurrección". En noviembre de 1990, el periódico islamista contenía un ensayo del abogado Mohammed Nouri, titulado "¿Cuándo serán abolidos los tribunales militares, que actúan como tribunales especiales?" Esta vez, un tribunal militar condenó a Hamadi Jebali a un año de prisión por "difamación de una institución judicial".

En mayo de 1992, el gobierno afirmó que había detectado planes para un golpe de Estado por parte de Ennahda , que supuestamente había conspirado para asesinar al presidente Ben Ali y establecer un estado islámico . En agosto de 1992, Jebali, junto con otros 170 simpatizantes de Ennahda, fue acusado de "intento de derrocamiento". Jebali protestó que no tenía conocimiento de la existencia del complot y afirmó que había sido torturado , presentando marcas en su cuerpo como evidencia. El juicio fue clasificado como injusto por observadores de Human Rights Watch , el Comité de Abogados para los Derechos Humanos y Amnistía Internacional , este último de los cuales nombró a Jebali como preso de conciencia. Finalmente, el 28 de agosto de 1992, Hamadi Jebali fue condenado a una pena de prisión de 16 años por "pertenencia a una organización ilegal" y "intento de cambio de la naturaleza del estado". El Tribunal de Casación confirmó el veredicto.

Las condiciones de su encarcelamiento fueron duras. Más de diez de los 15 años que pasó Jebali, estuvieron en régimen de aislamiento . Hamadi Jebali realizó varias huelgas de hambre para protestar por las condiciones y su condena. Dos de ellos duraron 36 días cada uno. En febrero de 2006, con motivo del 50 aniversario de la independencia de Túnez , Jebali fue puesto en libertad condicional.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Biografía por CIDOB (en español)

Políticos de Túnez del siglo XX
Revolución tunecina de 2010-2011
Periodistas de Túnez
Activistas de Túnez
Prisioneros de conciencia de Amnistía Internacional
Nacidos en Susa (Túnez)
Alumnado de la Universidad de Túnez
Políticos de Túnez del siglo XXI

Hamadi Yebali


جُلْيَانَة شبه جزيرة تقع وسط مدينة بنغازي ثاني أكبر مدن ليبيا. هي مركز المدينة السياحي ويوجد بها ميناء المدينة حيث بها البوابة الغربية للميناء. ويحدها من الشمال البحر المتوسط ومن الغرب منطقة طابلينو ومن الجنوب شارع الجزائر وسبخة المنقار ومنطقة الكيش وبحيرة 23 يوليو (بحيرة بنغازي) ومن الشرق بحيرة جليانة والحي الإيطالي. ورقم سيارات المنطقة هو 1 في المدينة. المنطقة ذات كثافة سكانية منخفضة نسبيا، ويوجد بالحي مسجدين ومدرسة هي مدرسة شهداء الجزيرة. إضافة للميناء يوجد به مقر سوق الأوراق المالية الليبي وفندق أوزو وفنادق مثل الفضيل، وجليانا. به أيضاً مصائف عريقة في المدينة مثل مصيف الملاحة، مصيف غرناطة، مصيف جليانة، مصيف الكشافة. كذلك يوجد به سوق الأسماك (البنكينا).

تاريخ

يرجع سبب تسمية منطقة جليانة إلى ابنة أحد قناصل بريطانيا في بنغازي وكان اسمها «جوليانا»، والتي غرقت عند الساحل ودفنت في شبة جزيرة عرفت باسمها «راس جليانة».
وسميت بهذا الاسم خلال العهد التركي الثاني في مدينة بنغازي
تعتبر معركة جليانة أول وأهم معركة وقعت في مدينة بنغازي ضد الغزاة الطليان وتلقى فيها المحتلون خسائر بشرية ومعنوية فادحة. بعد انتهاء المعركة جلب الإيطاليون حجارة من منطقة الوحيشي، وأقاموا نصب لامرأة يعلوه درع من النحاس تخليدا لضحاياهم. بعد استقلال ليبيا أزيل النصب وأقيم نصب مكانه يخلد الشهداء الليبيين.

في العام 1914 حل وباء «الكوليرا» بمدينة بنغازي وعرف محليا «بالكبة»، وأقام الإيطاليون مستشفى بمنطقة جليانة للحجر الصحي quarantining عرف باسم «الكرنتينة».
ويوجد بمنطقة جليانة سوق الأسماك أو «البنكينة» وسابقاً كان ملهى الريفييرا القديم بجوار سوق الأسماك.

انظر أيضا
 معركة جليانة

أحياء بنغازي

جليانة


Luigi Sepe (Torre del Greco, Ciudad metropolitana de Nápoles, Italia, 8 de mayo de 1991) es un futbolista italiano. Juega de guardameta y su club es la S. S. Lazio de la Serie A.

Trayectoria
Sepe hizo su debut con el Napoli en la Serie A el 28 de enero de 2009, a la edad de 17 años, reemplazando a Matteo Gianello en el minuto 32 del partido contra la ACF Fiorentina (perdido por 2 a 1). Durante la temporada 2008-09 llevó la camiseta número 44 y fue la cuarta opción por detrás de Gennaro Iezzo, Nicolás Navarro y Matteo Gianello.

En la temporada 2010-11, fue nombrado en la Liga Europa de la UEFA como miembro de la lista B del Napoli. Fue igualmente la cuarta opción por detrás de Morgan De Sanctis, Iezzo y Gianello, con el número 92.

En las temporadas siguientes fue cedido al Pisa (Lega Pro Prima Divisione), al Lanciano (Serie B) y al Empoli (Serie A). El 15 de julio de 2015 pasó en calidad de cedido a la Fiorentina, donde totalizó 7 presencias (1 en Copa Italia y 6 en la Liga Europa).

Terminada su cesión a la Fiorentina, el portero volvió al Napoli, siendo la tercera opción por detrás de Pepe Reina y Rafael. Durante la temporada siguiente se convirtió en el segundo de Reina, y el 5 de noviembre de 2017 jugó como titular el partido contra el Chievo Verona, volviendo a sumar una presencia en el Napoli después de casi nueve años desde su debut con la camiseta azzurra.

El 9 de julio de 2018 fue cedido al Parma, recién ascendido a la Serie A. El 10 de julio de 2019 se prolongó la cesión una temporada más con obligación de compra.

El 24 de enero de 2022 abandonó el conjunto parmesano para jugar cedido en la U. S. Salernitana 1919 lo que restaba de temporada, teniendo este equipo la obligación de comprarlo si se cumplían determinadas condiciones. Se quedó en este equipo y en agosto de 2023 fue prestado a la S. S. Lazio.

Internacional
Comenzó a 3 de cada 4 partidos en la . En la sub-18 participó en la Copa Internacional de Eslovaquia, por delante de Valerio Frasca en abril.

Sepe hizo sucesivas apariciones con la  (nacidos en 1991 del equipo) de marzo a septiembre, todos los reemplazado Simone Colombi en la segunda mitad, incluyendo el versículo Ucrania (nacido en 1990 del equipo). Él era el portero reserva de por detrás de Colombi en 2010 en el Campeonato de Europa Sub-19 para clasificación del Campeonato de Fútbol, pero también jugó una vez. Después de que Italia calificara a la siguiente ronda, no recibió ninguna llamada de nuevo.

Clubes

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Perfil en transfermarkt
 FIGC (Italiano)

Nacidos en Torre del Greco
Futbolistas de la Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli
Futbolistas del Pisa Sporting Club
Futbolistas de la Società Sportiva Virtus Lanciano 1924
Futbolistas del Empoli Football Club
Futbolistas de la Associazione Calcio Firenze Fiorentina
Futbolistas del Società Sportiva Calcio Napoli en los años 2010
Futbolistas del Parma Calcio 1913
Futbolistas de la Unione Sportiva Salernitana 1919
Futbolistas de la Società Sportiva Lazio
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-18 de Italia
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-19 de Italia
Guardametas de fútbol de Italia

Luigi Sepe


Rod čini raspon značajki koje su karakteristične za i koje čine razliku između muževnosti i ženstvenosti. Ovisno o kontekstu, ove značajke mogu uključivati biološki spol (tj. odnose se na muške, ženske i interseksualne osobe), socijalne strukture temeljene na spolu (tj. rodne uloge) ili rodni identitet. Većina kultura koristi binarnu formu roda, što znači da razlikuju dva roda (dječaci / muškarci i djevojke / žene ); ljudi koji postoje izvan ovih skupina spadaju pod grupni naziv nebinarni ili genderqueer. Neka društva osim "muškarca" i "žene" imaju i specifične rodove, poput hidžri Južne Azije; česti naziv za njih je treći rod (i četvrti rod itd.), ili Two Spirit kod određenih američkih domorodaca.

Seksolog John Money je 1955. godine uveo terminološku razliku između biološkog spola i roda kao uloge. Prije njegova rada bilo je neuobičajeno upotrebljavati riječi rod u bilo kakvom kontekstu koji nije vezan za gramatičke kategorije. No, takvo značenje riječi nije postalo rasprostranjeno sve do 1970-ih, kada se u feminističkoj teoriji počelo razlikovati između biološkog spola i društvenog konstrukta roda. Ta se razlika danas koristi u nekim kontekstima, posebno društvenim znanostima i dokumentima od Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije (WHO).

U drugim kontekstima, uključujući neka područja socijalnih znanosti, termin rod uključuje spol ili ga zamjenjuje. Na primjer, u istraživanju životinja koje nije vezano za ljude, rod često nosi značenje bološkog spola životinja. Ta promjena u značenju riječi rod može se pratiti sve do 1980-ih. 1993. godine FDA (američka Uprava za hranu i lijekove) je počela koristiti rod umjesto naziva spol. Kasnije, 2011. godine, FDA je preokrenula tu odluku i počela koristiti spol kao termin za biološku klasifikaciju, i rod kao riječ koja znači "Osobno predstavljanje kao žena ili muškarac, ili način na koji socijalne institucije odnose prema nekom pojedincu ovisno o načinu kojim se ta osoba javno predstavlja."

U društvenim znanostima postoji grana istraživanja posvećena rodnim studijima. Ostale znanosti, poput seksologije i neuroznanosti su također zainteresirane tom temom.  Društvene znanosti ponekad pristupaju pojmu roda kao socijalnom konstruktu, posebice rodni studiji, dok istraživanja u prirodnim znanostima proučavaju utječu li biološke razlike muškaraca i žena na razvoj roda kod ljudi; oboje informiraju raspravu o tome koliko biološke razlike utječu na formiranje rodnog identiteta. U dijelovima engleske književnosti također postoji trihotomija biološkog spola, psihološkog roda i socijalne rodne uloge. Takav sustav se prvi put pojavio 1978. u feminističkom članku Marcie Yudkin o transseksualizmu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 http://www.genderportal.eu/

Biologija
Humanističke znanosti

Rod (sociologija)