The Up series''' of documentary films follows the lives of ten males and four females in England beginning in 1964, when they were seven years old. The first film was titled Seven Up!, with later films adjusting the number in the title to match the age of the subjects at the time of filming. The documentary has had nine episodes—one every seven years—thus spanning 56 years. The series has been produced by Granada Television for ITV, which has broadcast all of them except 42 Up (1998), which was broadcast on BBC One. Individual films and the series as a whole have received numerous accolades; in 1991, the then-latest installment, 28 Up, was chosen for Roger Ebert's list of the ten greatest films of all time.

The children were selected for the original programme to represent the range of socio-economic backgrounds in Britain at that time, with the expectation that each child's social class would determine their future. The first instalment was made as a one-off edition of Granada Television's series, World in Action, directed by Canadian Paul Almond, with involvement by "a fresh-faced young researcher, a middle-class Cambridge graduate", Michael Apted, whose role in the initial programme included "trawling the nation's schools for 14 suitable subjects". About the first programme, Apted has said:It was Paul's film ... but he was more interested in making a beautiful film about being seven, whereas I wanted to make a nasty piece of work about these kids who have it all, and these other kids who have nothing. After Almond's direction of the original programme, director Michael Apted continued the series with new instalments every seven years, filming material from those of the fourteen who chose to participate. The aim of the continuing series is stated at the beginning of 7 Up as: "Why did we bring these together? Because we wanted a glimpse of England in the year 2000. The union leader and the business executive of the year 2000 are now seven years old." The most recent instalment, the ninth, titled 63 Up, premiered in the UK on ITV in 2019. A special episode featuring celebrity fans of the series, 7 Up & Me, also aired on ITV in 2019. Apted is reported to have said, "I hope to do 84 Up when I'll be 99"; however, he died in 2021. There has been no confirmation that the series is concluded in the aftermath of Apted's death, but there is also no known plan to film a "70 Up" entry for 2026 with a new director.

Creation
The first film in the series, Seven Up! (1964), was directed by Paul Almond, and was commissioned by Granada Television as a programme in the World in Action series. From 7 Plus Seven until 63 Up the films were directed by Michael Apted, who had been a researcher on Seven Up! and was involved in finding the original children, with Gordon McDougall. The premise of the film was taken from the Jesuit motto "Give me a child until he is seven and I will give you the man".This is spoken of as being based on a quotation by Francis Xavier, see the wikiquote article on Children. The 1998 edition, 42 Up, was broadcast on BBC One but was still produced by Granada Television.

List of films and premiere dates

Participants
The subjects are first seen on a group visit to London Zoo in 1964, where the narrator announces "We brought these 20 children together for the very first time." The series then follows fourteen of the children: Bruce Balden, Jackie Bassett, Symon Basterfield, Andrew Brackfield, John Brisby, Peter Davies, Susan Davis, Charles Furneaux, Nicholas Hitchon, Neil Hughes, Lynn Johnson, Paul Kligerman, Suzanne Lusk and Tony Walker.

The participants were chosen in an attempt to represent different social classes in Britain in the 1960s. Apted states in the 42 commentary track that he was asked to find children at the extremes. Because the show was not originally intended to become a repeating series, no long-term contract was signed with the participants. According to Apted, participants in the subsequent programmes since Seven Up! have been paid a sum for their appearance in each instalment, as well as equal parts of any prize the film may win. Each subject is filmed in about two days and the interview itself takes more than six hours.

Apted has said that it was a poor decision to include only four female participants.

Andrew
Andrew Brackfield was one of three boys chosen from the same pre-preparatory school in the wealthy London district of Kensington (the other two being Charles and John). The three are introduced in Seven Up! singing "Waltzing Matilda" in Latin. At the age of seven, when asked which newspaper he reads, if any, Andrew stated that he reads The Financial Times (although he later revealed he was in fact just repeating what his father had told him when asked the same question). All three could say which prep schools, public schools and universities they planned to attend (Oxford or Cambridge in all cases); two named the specific Oxbridge college they intended to join.

Andrew's academic career culminated in his studying at Trinity College, Cambridge. Andrew subsequently became a solicitor, married and raised a family. He is the only one of the three Kensington boys to have appeared in all the Up films. Both Andrew and his wife, Jane, are most satisfied with how their children have turned out, followed by their relationship.

Charles
Charles Furneaux did not get into Oxford, saying in 21 he was glad to have avoided the "prep school–Marlborough–Oxbridge conveyor belt" by going to Durham University instead; however, he later attended Oxford as a post-graduate student. Charles has worked in journalism in varying capacities over the years, including as a producer for the BBC, and in the making of documentary films, including Touching the Void. When contacted to appear in 28, Charles declined; a subsequent phone conversation during which Apted, by his own admission, "went berserk", destroyed the relationship to the degree that Charles has refused to participate in all subsequent films, and even attempted to force Granada to remove archive images of him from the films in which he did not appear.

During an on-stage interview at London's National Film Theatre in December 2005, Apted alleged that Charles had attempted to sue him when he refused to remove Charles from the archive sequences in 49. Apted also commented on the irony that as a documentary maker himself, Charles was the only one who refused to continue.

By the time of 63, all references to Charles have been removed save for fleeting glimpses of joint shots with Andrew and John.

John
John Brisby KC, who was vocal on politics by 14, attended Oxford and became a barrister. He married Claire, the daughter of Sir Donald Logan, a former ambassador to Bulgaria. Brisby devotes himself to charities related to Bulgaria, and hopes to reclaim family land there that had been nationalised. He is a great-great-grandson of the first Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Todor Burmov.

Brisby said in 35 that he only does the films to give more publicity to his chosen charities. In 56, he criticised Apted's decision to originally portray him as part of the "privileged upper class". He disclosed that his father had died when he was 9 and his mother worked to put him through elite private schools; he had attended Oxford on a scholarship. In 56, he remains a litigator who feels very blessed in almost all aspects of his life. In "63", he refers to the series as a "poison pill" but also says he sees that it has value.

Suzy
Suzanne (Suzy) Lusk comes from a wealthy background and was first filmed at an independent London day school. Her parents divorced around the time of 7 Plus Seven. She then dropped out of school at the age of 16, deciding to travel to Paris. By 21, she had formed a strong negative opinion about marriage and being a parent, though this soon changed dramatically. By 28, she was married with two sons, and credited her marriage with bringing her the optimism and happiness that was not evident in the earlier films. Her husband, Rupert Dewey, is a solicitor in Bath and they have three children, two boys and a girl. She became a bereavement counsellor. In 7 Plus Seven, she stated that she thought Apted's project was pointless and silly, a point that she restated in 21. At 49, she was convinced that she would not participate again, but in 56, she admitted that she felt an obligation to the project regardless of how she feels about it. Suzy did not appear in 63 aside from footage from previous films.

Jackie
Jackie Bassett was one of three girls (the others being Lynn and Sue) who were chosen from the same primary school, in a working-class neighbourhood of east London. She eventually went to a comprehensive school and married at age 19. Jackie went through several different jobs, divorced, remarried and moved to Scotland, divorced again and raised her three sons as a single parent. As of 56, she had been receiving disability benefit for 14 years, due to rheumatoid arthritis. Her family remains close and lives near each other in Scotland.

Lynn
Lynn Johnson, after attending the same primary school as Jackie and Sue, went on to attend a grammar school. She married at 19, had two daughters, and became a children's librarian at 21. She later became a school librarian and remained in that position until being made redundant due to budget cuts. At 56, she continued to believe her career as a librarian was of great value and it helped define her life. She was a doting grandmother with three grandchildren, and still married to her husband Russ, whom she considered her soulmate. In May 2013, after a short illness, Lynn became the first participant to die. She served as Chair of Governors of St Saviour's primary school in Poplar, London, for over 25 years; after her death, a section of the school library was renamed in her memory.

In 63, after much of the earlier footage, particularly from 56, Russ and her daughters recall her death and discuss its effect on them.

Sue
Susan (Sue) Davis attended the same primary school as Jackie and Lynn and following that attended a comprehensive school. Sue married at 24 and had two children before getting divorced. She has been engaged to her current boyfriend, Glenn, for 21 years as of 63. She works as a university administrator for Queen Mary, University of London, despite not having gone to university herself, and is fond of amateur dramatics. By 63, she is looking forward to retiring in the near future.

Tony
Tony Walker was chosen from a primary school in the East End of London and was introduced along with his classmate Michelle, who Douglas Keay, the narrator, stated was Tony's "girlfriend". At age 7, Michelle described Tony as a "monkey". He wanted to be a jockey at 7 and was at a stable training as one by 14. By 21, his chance had come and gone after riding in three races before giving it up. He was proud to have competed against Lester Piggott. He then gained "the Knowledge" and made a comfortable life for himself and his family as a London taxi driver. His later dream of becoming an actor has met with modest success; he has had small parts as an extra (almost always playing a cabbie) in several TV programmes since 1986, including The Bill and twice in EastEnders, most recently in 2003. His wife, Debbie, was carrying their third child in 28, and she reveals in 35 that she lost that baby but has since had another; she admits that losing their third child placed a tremendous stress on their relationship. Tony admitted in 35 that being in a monogamous relationship was becoming a strain, and by 42, he had actually committed adultery, though he and his wife have got past it and are still together. By 42, he had moved to Essex, and by 49, owned two homes, including a holiday home in Spain. In 63, he and his wife had settled in the English countryside.

Paul
Paul Kligerman was at a charity-based boarding school at 7, his parents having divorced and he having been left with his father. Soon after Seven Up!, his father and stepmother moved the family to Australia, where he has remained in the Melbourne area ever since. By 21, he had long hair and a girlfriend whom he is still married to. After leaving school he was employed as a bricklayer and later set up his own business. In 49, he is working for a sign-making company. In 21, 49 and 63, Paul was reunited with Symon, who had attended the same boarding school; portions of their time together are included in all three films. By 56, Paul had started work at a local retirement village with his wife Susan. He does odd jobs and maintenance of the small units and gardens.

Symon
Symon Basterfield, given name also spelt Simon in previous films, chosen from the same charity home as Paul, is the only mixed-race participant. He never got to know his black father, and had left the charity home to live with his white mother by the time of the 7 Plus Seven filming; her depression is alluded to as the cause for his being in the home. As filming for 35 took place, he was going through a divorce from his first wife and mother of his five children, and he elected not to participate. Symon returned for 42 and 49, remarried with one son and one stepdaughter. In 49, he and his wife had become foster parents. By 56, he regretted his lack of formal education, which he felt limited his income over the years. He remains happily married and looks forward to the next chapters of his life. In 63, his relationship with his children from his first marriage is mending and he has 10 grandchildren.

Nick
William Nicholas (Nick) Hitchon was born on 22 October 1957 and raised on a small farm in Arncliffe, a tiny village in the Yorkshire Dales. (This meant that he was only 6 when Seven Up! was first broadcast, and that he always remained a year younger than the episodes' nominal age.) He was educated in a one-room school four miles' walk from his home, and later at a boarding school. He went to Oxford University (where, he mentions in 63 Up, Theresa May was a contemporary) and then moved to the United States to work as a nuclear physicist. He married Jackie, another British immigrant, who participated in 28 but was displeased with how her comments were received by viewers, many of whom apparently concluded that the marriage was doomed. She declined to appear in 35 and 42. By 49, the couple had divorced and Nick had remarried, this time to Cryss Brunner, ten years his senior, and at that time taught in Minneapolis. Nick was a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the Electrical & Computer Engineering Department from 1982 to 2022, serving as department chair from 1999 to 2002. He appeared as a guest on NPR's quiz show Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me aired 21 June 2014, and spoke briefly about his participation in the Up series. By 63, he had developed a cancerous mass in his throat and had recently lost his father, leading him to contemplate mortality and the future of his family after his death (he says at one point that if there is a 70 edition of the series, he will not be alive to participate in it). Nick retired from the university in Spring 2022 and died on 23 July 2023, at the age of 65.

Peter
Peter Davies went to the same middle-class Liverpool suburban school as Neil, who, like Peter, wanted to be an astronaut. Peter drifted through university, and by age 28, he was an underpaid and seemingly uninspired school teacher. Peter dropped out of the series after 28, following a tabloid press campaign against him after he criticised the government of Margaret Thatcher in his interview. The director's commentary for 42 revealed that he later divorced, took up study of the law, became a lawyer, remarried, had children and moved back to Liverpool. He returned in 56 to promote his band, the Liverpool-based country-influenced The Good Intentions; the group was still together, although one member had died, in 63.

Neil
Neil Hughes, from a Liverpool suburb, turned out to be perhaps the most unpredictable of the group. At seven he was a happy child, funny and full of life and hope, but by 7 Plus Seven, he was nervous and stressed. By 21, he was living in a squat in London, having dropped out of Aberdeen University after one term, and was finding work as he could on building sites. During the interview, he was in an agitated state. At 28, he was still homeless, although now in Scotland; by 35, he was living in a council house in the Shetland Islands off the north coast of Scotland, writing and appearing in the local pantomime. By 42, he was living in Bruce's apartment in London and Bruce had become a source of emotional support. He was involved in local council politics, as a Liberal Democrat in the London Borough of Hackney, and had completed a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Open University. He was first elected to Wick ward on Hackney London Borough Council in 1996, and resigned his seat in 2000.

By 49, he was a district councillor in the Eden district of Cumbria, in North West England. He was first elected for Shap on Eden District in 2003. He was a candidate for Eden Lakes on Cumbria County Council in 2005 and 2009, coming second to the Conservative candidate on both occasions. In 2013, following new division boundaries, Neil was elected to Eden Lakes, and did not stand again for Shap. He was re-elected to Eden Lakes in 2017.

He stood as the Liberal Democrat candidate for Stockton North in the 2005 general election and for Carlisle in the 2010 general election, finishing third on both occasions. Neil stood for Penrith and the Border—which covers the same area he represents as a councillor—at the 2015 and 2017 general elections. In 2015, he came fourth, whilst in 2017, he came third. At the 2019 general election, Hughes contested the Labour–Conservative marginal seat of Workington in Cumbria. Finishing fourth, he increased the party's vote share, but lost his deposit.

By 63, Neil has married; however, he and his wife have separated due to unspecified difficulties. He is a lay preacher, district councillor and also has a home in France.

Bruce
Bruce Balden, as a child, was concerned with poverty and racial discrimination and wanted to become a missionary. He was attending a prestigious boarding school. At the age of seven, he said that his greatest desire was to see his father, a soldier in Southern Rhodesia, and he seemed brave though a little abandoned. Bruce studied mathematics at Oxford University and used his education to teach children in the East End of London and Sylhet, Bangladesh. Before 42, he married, and Apted broke the seven-year structure to film Bruce's wedding, which was also attended by Neil. Eventually becoming worn down by teaching in the East End, Bruce found work at St Albans School, Hertfordshire, a prestigious public school. Between 42 and 49, he had two sons and was happily married to a fellow teacher. In 56, he admits he still has a hard time expressing his innermost feelings, in particular to his wife, but is a happily devoted father and husband. Still teaching at a prestigious public school, he has no regrets at this point in his life about the development of his career.

Participation record

Motifs
A number of themes have appeared repeatedly over the course of the series. Questions about religion, family, class, happiness and psychological state dominate many of the interviews, as well as inquiries about the worries and concerns subjects have for their future. In addition, questions often take a personal tone, with Apted noting that viewers often respond to his questioning of Neil's sanity or his perception of Tony's success in life as being too personal, but that he has been able to do this because of the friendship he has developed with the subjects over the course of their lives.

Critical responses, including awards

The series has received high praise over the years. Roger Ebert said that it is "an inspired, even noble, use of the film medium", that the films "penetrate to the central mystery of life", and that the series is among his top ten films of all time. Michael Apted won an Institutional Peabody Award in 2012 for his work on the Up series. In a list of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes drawn up by the British Film Institute in 2000, voted for by industry professionals, 28 Up placed 26th.

The Up series has been criticised by both ethnographers and the subjects themselves for its editing style. Mitchell Duneier has pointed out that Apted has the ability to assert causal relationships between a character's past and present that might not actually exist. Apted has acknowledged this fact, pointing out that in 21 Up he believed Tony would soon be in prison, so he filmed him around dangerous areas for use in later films. Apted also portrayed the troubled marriage of Nick earlier in the film, although his time frame for anticipating their divorce was premature. Apted has stated in interviews that his "tendency to play God" with the interviews was "foolishness and wrong." In 21 Up, the women participants were offended that all the questions concerned domestic affairs, marriage and children, rather than politics. A New Yorker article by Rebecca Mead noted "[Apted] can be unbearably patronizing toward his subjects, particularly the working-class women, while he sets his more affluent participants up to look ludicrous." However, she did note that "To his credit, Apted has shown participants arguing back against the show's premise and against his own prejudices. One of the most exhilarating moments in the series occurs in "49 Up", when Jackie [...] rounds on Apted, castigating him for his decades of underestimating her. Apted's implied humility is ultimately, if belatedly, Jackie's vindication."

Influence on participants

Over the course of the project the programme has in varying degrees had a direct effect on the lives of its participants. The series participants often speak of the series having become popular enough that they were recognised in public. For instance, in 56 Up, Tony related an anecdote about giving a ride to Buzz Aldrin, and being surprised when a passerby asks him, not Aldrin, for an autograph.

The participants' opinions regarding being involved in the series are often mentioned, and varied greatly among the participants. John refers to the programme as a poison pill that he is subjected to every seven years, while Paul's wife credits the series for keeping their marriage together. Michael Apted has commented that one of the big surprises between filming 42 Up and 49 Up was the impact of reality television—i.e., that the subjects wanted to talk about their contribution to the series in the light of this genre.

In addition, there have been instances of the interactions of participants being engineered by the programme's producers. For instance, Paul and Nick were flown back to England at Granada's expense for the filming of 35 Up and 42 Up respectively. In addition, Paul was flown back again for 49 Up and visited Symon; Symon and his wife were in turn flown to Australia to visit Paul in 63 Up. As well, Bruce was affected by Neil's plight and offered him temporary shelter in his home shortly before 42 Up, allowing Neil time to get settled in London; despite Neil's eccentricities during his two-month stay, they clearly remained friends, with Neil later giving a reading at Bruce's wedding. In 56 Up, Suzy and Nick are interviewed together, having become friends due to their shared rural upbringing.

Cultural and broader influences

The original hypothesis of Seven Up! was that class structure is so strong in the UK that a person's life path would be set at birth. The producer of the original programme had at one point thought to line the children up on the street, have three of them step forward and narrate "of these twenty children, only three will be successful" (an idea which was not used). The idea of class immobility held up in most, but not all, cases as the series has progressed. The children from the working classes have by and large remained in those circles, though Tony seems to have become more middle class. Apted has said that one of his regrets is that they did not take feminism into account, and consequently had fewer girls in their study and did not select them on the basis of any possible careers they might choose.

Although it began as a political documentary, the series has become a film of human nature and existentialism. In the director's commentary for 42 Up, Apted comments that he did not realise the series had changed tone from political to personal until 21 Up, when he showed the film to American friends who encouraged him to submit it (successfully) to American film festivals. Apted also comments that this realisation was a relief to him and allowed the films to breathe a little more.

The series has also been satirised. The Simpsons 2007 episode "Springfield Up" is narrated by an Apted-like filmmaker who depicts the past and current lives of a group of Springfield residents he has revisited every eight years. The "37 Up" segment of Tracey Ullman: A Class Act, first aired in 1992, parodies the series. Harry Enfield parodied the series in a spoof titled "2 Up" with his characters Tim Nice-but-Dim and Wayne Slob. The Australian comedy TV series The Late Show satirised the series with a version in which participants were interviewed every seven minutes.

Similar documentaries
 Multinational
 I Am Eleven (2012) by Geneviève Bailey, features participants from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America.
 Australia
 Gillian Armstrong made a series following three girls/women from 1975 to 2009:
 Smokes and Lollies (1975)
 14's Good, 18's Better (1980)
 Bingo, Bridesmaids & Braces (1988)
 Not Fourteen Again (1996)
 Love, Lust & Lies (2009)
Belgium
 Jambers, 1980–1990. Two-part documentary by TV journalist Paul Jambers on Flemish public TV channel about secondary school students in Kapellen, near Antwerp.
Canada
 Talk 16 (1991) and Talk 19 (1993), directed and written by Janis Lundman and Adrienne Mitchell of Back Alley Film Productions.
Czech Republic – by Helena Třeštíková.René, a single-episode portrait of a man over 20 years, starting in the late 1980s.
FranceQue deviendront-ils ? (What Will They Become) from Michel Fresnel (1984–1996)
GermanyDie Kinder von Golzow (The Children of Golzow) by Winfried Junge, set in former East Germany as well as in unified Germany after 1990 (1961–2006)Berlin – Ecke Bundesplatz (Berlin – On the Corner of Federation Square) (1985) by Detlef Gumm and Hans-Georg Ullrich. The documentary follows individuals, families or groups of related people in separate episodes of around one hour in length each. The sequel was broadcast in four seasons on 3sat.
1999: Der Prominenten-Anwalt (The Society Lawyer), Bäckermeister im Kiez (Neighborhood Baker), Wilmersdorfer Witwen (Widows in Wilmersdorf), Die nächste Generation (The Next Generation), Die Alleinerziehende (The Single Mother), Der Aussteiger (The Dropout)
2001: Grenzgänger (Tightrope-walkers), Solisten (Nonconformists)
2004: Kinder! Kinder! (Children! Children!), Alte Freunde (Old Friends), Vereinigungen (Associations), Recht und Ordnung (Law and Order)
2009: Mütter und Töchter (Mothers and Daughters), Die Aussteiger (The Off-beats), Schön ist die Jugend... (Youth is Beautiful...), Die Köpcke-Bande (The Köpcke Gang), Der Yilmaz-Clan (The Yilmaz Clan)
DenmarkÅrgang 0 (Generation 0) by TV2 (2000) – The show follows the children, born in the year 2000, from birth.
 Italy
 Intervista a mia madre (Interview to my mother) (2000) and Le cose belle (The beautiful things) (2014) by Agostino Ferrente and Giovanni Piperno: the documentaries show two periods in the life of a group of teenagers living in Naples.
 Japan
 Kimiko Fukuda made a series following thirteen children living in different parts of Japan:
 Sekai no 7 sai Nippon (World 7 years in Japan,7 Up Japan)(1992)
 14 sai ni narimashita Kodomotachi 7nen gotono seicho kiroku (I turned 14 Growth records every 7 years,14 Up Japan)(1999)
 7nen goto no seicho kiroku 21sai Kazoku soshite watashi (Growth records every 7 years 21 Family and me,21 Up Japan) (2006)
 7nen goto no seicho kiroku 28sai ni narimashista(Growth records every 7 years I turned 28 ,28 Up Japan) (2013)
 7nen goto no seicho kiroku 35sai ni narimashista(Growth records every 7 years I turned 35 ,35 Up Japan)  (2020)
 Joe, Tomorrow (2015), by Junji Sakamoto, follows the life of boxer Joichiro Tatsuyoshi.
The Netherlands
Bijna volwassen (Almost Grown-up) (1982) – follows a group of 17–18-year-olds.
Bijna 30 (Almost 30) (1994)
Bijna 40 (Almost 40) (2005)
South Africa – by Angus Gibson
7 Up in South Africa (1992)
14 Up in South Africa (1999)
21 Up South Africa (2006)
28 Up South Africa (2013)
Spain
Generació D by TV3 (1989–2019, ongoing). About a group of children from Catalonia.
Sweden
Jordbrosviten by Rainer Hartleb. About a group of children from Jordbro, a suburb of Stockholm.
 Från en barndomsvärld (From a Childhood World) (1973)
 Barnen från Jordbro (Children from Jordbro) (1982)
 Tillbaka till Jordbro (Jordbro Revisited) (1988)
 Det var en gång... en liten flicka (Once Upon a Time... there was a Little Girl) (1992)
 En pizza i Jordbro (A Pizza in Jordbro) (1994)
 Nya barn i Jordbro (New Children in Jordbro) (2001)
 Alla mår bra (All are doing Well) (2006)
 Student 92 by Gunilla Nilars. About a group of high school graduates of '92, class of E3b from Gångsätra gymnasium in Lidingö, interviewed every five years for a total of twenty years.
 Student 92...men sen då? (High school graduate of '92...and then what?) (1997)
 Student 92, tio år senare (High school graduate of '92, ten years later) (2002)
 Student 92, femton år senare (High school graduate of '92, fifteen years later) (2007)
 Student 92, tjugo år senare (High school graduate of '92, twenty years later) (2012)
USSR/Russia/Former Soviet republics – by Sergei Miroshnichenko and Jemma Jupp.
Age 7 in the USSR (1991)
14 Up Born in the USSR (1998) (this won an International Emmy)
Born in the USSR: 21 Up (2005)
Born in the USSR: 28 Up (2012)
United Kingdom
A new version of the Up series titled Up New Generation began with 7Up 2000 (2000, Julian Farino) and continued with 14 Up 2000 in 2007, 21 Up: New Generation in 2014 and 28 Up: Millennium Generation in 2021.
Child of Our Time (2000–2020), a BBC/The Open University documentary series following the lives of 25 children who were born around the turn of the millennium
Born to be Different, a Channel 4 documentary series which follows six children who were born with a disability
United States
Age 7 in America (1991) directed by Phil Joanou, produced by Michael Apted
14 Up in America (1998)
21 Up in America (2006) directed by Christopher Dillon Quinn
All's Well and Fair (2012) directed by Luci Westphal. Released as a web series in 2012.
Married in America (2002), also by Michael Apted
Married in America 2 (2007), also by Michael Apted

See also
 "Springfield Up", an 18th season episode of The Simpsons that parodies the Up series
 Boyhood, an American drama film shot over twelve years as its young actor aged from 6 to 18 years
Anna: 6-18, a filmmaker in the USSR interviews his daughter once a year while she grows up in a changing country
 Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a University of Otago research project since 1972
 British birth cohort studies continuing, multi-disciplinary longitudinal surveys monitoring the development of babies born in the UK during specific weeks

References

Further reading

External links

P.O.V. 49 Up - PBS's site dedicated to the film
 63 Up website

1964 British television series debuts
1960s British documentary television series
1970s British documentary television series
1980s British documentary television series
1990s British documentary television series
2000s British documentary television series
2010s British documentary television series
Ageing
Biographical documentary films
British film series
Cohort studies
Documentary films about adolescence
Documentary films about children
Documentary film series
English-language television shows
Film series introduced in 1964
Films directed by Michael Apted
Films directed by Paul Almond
ITV documentaries
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows produced by Granada Television

Up (film series)


Dünya'nın iç yapısı: bir dış silikat katı kabuk, oldukça viskoz bir astenosfer ve manto, mantodan çok daha az viskoz olan sıvı bir dış çekirdek ve katı bir iç çekirdek olmak üzere küresel kabuklarda katmanlıdır.  Dünya'nın iç yapısının bilimsel olarak anlaşılması, topografya ve batimetri gözlemlerine, dışa doğru kaya gözlemlerine, volkanlar veya volkanik aktiviteyle yüzeye getirilen örneklere, Dünya'dan geçen sismik dalgaların analizine, Dünya'nın yerçekimi ve manyetik alanlarına, Dünya'nın derin iç kısmının karakteristiği basınç ve sıcaklıklardaki kristal katılarla deneyler.

Kütlesi
Dünya'nın yerçekimi tarafından uygulanan kuvvet kütlesini hesaplamak için kullanılabilir. Gökbilimciler, yörüngedeki uyduların hareketini gözlemleyerek Dünya'nın kütlesini de hesaplayabilirler. Dünya'nın ortalama yoğunluğu, tarihsel olarak sarkaçları içeren gravimetrik deneylerle belirlenebilir.

Yapısı
Dünya'nın yapısı iki şekilde tanımlanabilir: reoloji gibi mekanik özelliklerle veya kimyasal olarak. Mekanik olarak litosfer, astenosfer, mezosferik manto, dış çekirdek ve iç çekirdeğe ayrılabilir. Kimyasal olarak, Dünya kabuk, üst manto, alt manto, dış çekirdek ve iç çekirdeğe ayrılabilir. Dünya'nın jeolojik bileşen katmanları yüzeyin aşağıdaki derinliklerinde bulunur:

Dünya'nın katmanlanması dolaylı olarak depremlerin yarattığı kırılmış ve yansıtılmış sismik dalgaların yolculuk süresi kullanılarak çıkarılmıştır. Çekirdek, kesme

dalgalarının içinden geçmesine izin vermezken, seyahat hızı (sismik hız) diğer katmanlarda farklıdır. Farklı katmanlar arasındaki sismik hızdaki değişiklikler Snell yasası nedeniyle bir prizmadan geçerken hafif bükülme gibi kırılmaya neden olur. Benzer şekilde, yansımalara sismik hızda büyük bir artış neden olur ve bir aynadan yansıyan ışığa benzer.

Kabuk
Yerkabuğunun derinliği 5-70 kilometre (3.1-43.5 mi)  arasındadır ve en dıştaki tabakadır. İnce kısımlar, okyanus havzalarının (5–10 km) altında yatan ve bazalt gibi yoğun (mafik) demir magnezyum silikat magmatik kayalardan oluşan okyanus kabuğudur. Daha kalın kabuk, daha az yoğun olan ve granit gibi (felsik) sodyum potasyum alüminyum silikat kayalarından oluşan kıtasal kabuktur. Kabuğun kayaları iki ana kategoriye ayrılır - sial ve sima (Suess, 1831-1914). Sima'nın Conrad süreksizliğinin (ikinci dereceden süreksizlik) yaklaşık 11 km altında başladığı tahmin edilmektedir. Kabuk ile birlikte en üstteki manto litosferi oluşturur. Kabuk-manto sınırı, fiziksel olarak farklı iki olay olarak ortaya çıkar. Birincisi, en yaygın olarak Mohorovičić süreksizliği veya Moho olarak bilinen sismik hızda bir süreksizlik vardır. Moho'nun nedeninin, plajiyoklaz feldspat (yukarıda) içeren kayalardan feldspat içermeyen kayalara (aşağıda) kaya bileşiminde bir değişiklik olduğu düşünülmektedir. İkincisi, okyanus kabuğunda, kıtasal kabuğa konulmuş ve ofiyolit dizileri olarak korunmuş, ultrasifik kümülatlar ile tektonize harzburgitler arasında kimyasal bir süreksizlik vardır.

Şu anda Dünya'nın kabuğunu oluşturan birçok kaya 100 yıl (1 × 108) yıl önce oluştu; bununla birlikte, bilinen en eski mineral taneleri yaklaşık 4.4 milyar (4.4 × 109) yaşında olup, Dünya'nın en az 4.4 milyar yıldır sağlam bir kabuğa sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Manto
Dünya'nın mantosu 2.890 km derinliğe kadar uzanır ve onu dünyanın en kalın tabakası yapar. Manto, geçiş bölgesi ile ayrılan üst ve alt mantoya bölünmüştür . Mantonun çekirdek-manto sınırının yanındaki en alt kısmı, D (belirgin dee-double-prime) katmanı olarak bilinir. Mantonun altındaki basınç ≈140 GPa'dır (1,4 Matm). Manto, üstteki kabuğa göre demir ve magnezyum açısından zengin silikat kayalarından oluşur. Katı olmasına rağmen, manto içindeki yüksek sıcaklıklar silikat malzemenin çok uzun zaman aralıklarında akabileceği kadar yumuşak olmasına neden olur. Mantonun konveksiyonu, yüzeyde tektonik plakaların hareketleri ile ifade edilir. Mantoya daha derine inerken yoğun ve artan basınç olduğundan, mantonun alt kısmı üst mantodan daha az akar (mantodaki kimyasal değişiklikler de önemli olabilir). Mantonun viskozitesi, derinliğe bağlı olarak 1021 ila 1024 Pa · s arasında değişmektedir. Buna karşılık, suyun viskozitesi yaklaşık 10−3 Pa · s ve ziftin viskozitesi 107 Pa · s'dir. Plaka tektoniğini yönlendiren ısı kaynağı, gezegenin oluşumundan kalan ilkel ısı ve ayrıca Dünya'nın kabuğundaki ve mantosundaki uranyum, toryum ve potasyumun radyoaktif bozunmasıdır.

Çekirdek

Dünya'nın ortalama yoğunluğu 5.515 g / cm3'tür. Yüzey malzemesinin ortalama yoğunluğu sadece 3.0 g / cm3 olduğu için, Dünya'nın çekirdeğinde daha yoğun malzemelerin bulunduğu sonucuna varmalıyız. Bu sonuç, 1770'lerde yapılan Schiehallion deneyinden beri bilinmektedir. Charles Hutton, 1778 raporunda, Dünya'nın ortalama yoğunluğunun, iç kayaya göre {\ displaystyle {\ tfrac {9} {5}}} {\ tfrac {9} {5}} olması gerektiği sonucuna vardı. Dünya'nın metalik olması gerekir. Hutton bu metalik kısmın Dünya çapının yaklaşık% 65'ini işgal ettiğini tahmin ediyordu.  Hutton'un Dünya'nın ortalama yoğunluğuna ilişkin tahmini, 4.5 g / cm3'te hala yaklaşık% 20 çok düşüktü. Henry Cavendish, 1798 burulma dengesi deneyinde, modern değerin% 1'i içinde 5.45 g / cm3 değerinde bir değer buldu. Sismik ölçümler, çekirdeğin iki parçaya ayrıldığını, yarıçapı ≈1,220 km  ve bunun ötesinde,43,400 km'lik bir yarıçapa uzanan sıvı bir dış çekirdek olduğunu göstermektedir. Yoğunluklar dış çekirdekte 9.900-12.200 kg / m3 ve iç çekirdekte 12.600-13.000 kg / m3 arasındadır.

İç çekirdek 1936'da Inge Lehmann tarafından keşfedildi ve genellikle esas olarak demir ve bir miktar nikelden oluştuğuna inanılıyor. Bu katman, kesme dalgalarını (enine sismik dalgalar) iletebildiğinden, katı olmalıdır. Deneysel kanıtlar bazen çekirdeğin kristal modellerini eleştirdi. Diğer deneysel çalışmalar yüksek basınç altında tutarsızlık göstermektedir: çekirdek basınçlardaki elmas örs (statik) çalışmaları şok lazer (dinamik) çalışmalarından yaklaşık 2000 K daha düşük erime sıcaklıkları vermektedir. Lazer çalışmaları plazma yaratır  ve sonuçlar, iç çekirdek koşullarının sınırlandırılmasının, iç çekirdeğin katı mı yoksa katı yoğunluğuna sahip bir plazma mı olduğuna bağlı olacağını düşündürmektedir. Bu aktif bir araştırma alanıdır.

Yaklaşık 4.6 milyar yıl önce Dünya'nın oluşumunun ilk aşamalarında erime, yoğun maddelerin gezegensel farklılaşma (bkz. Demir felaketi) adı verilen bir süreçte merkeze doğru batmasına neden olurken, daha az yoğun malzemeler kabuğa göç ederdi. Bu nedenle çekirdeğin büyük ölçüde demirden (% 80), nikel ve bir veya daha fazla ışık elementinden oluştuğuna inanılırken, kurşun ve uranyum gibi diğer yoğun elementler önemli olmak için çok nadirdir veya daha hafif olana bağlanma eğilimindedir böylece kabukta kalır (felsik maddelere bakınız). Bazıları iç çekirdeğin tek bir demir kristali şeklinde olabileceğini öne sürdü.

Laboratuvar koşulları altında bir demir-nikel alaşımı numunesi, 2 elmas ucu (elmas örs hücresi) arasında bir mengene içinde tutup daha sonra yaklaşık 4000 K'ye ısıtılarak corelike basınçlara maruz bırakıldı. Dünya'nın iç çekirdeğinin kuzeyden güneye doğru uzanan dev kristallerden yapıldığı teorisini güçlü bir şekilde destekledi.

Sıvı dış çekirdek, iç çekirdeği çevreler ve nikel ile karıştırılmış demir ve eser miktarda daha hafif elementlerden oluştuğuna inanılır.

Son spekülasyonlar çekirdeğin en iç kısmının altın, platin ve diğer siderofil elementlerle zenginleştirildiğini göstermektedir.

Dünya'yı içeren madde, bazı kondrit göktaşları ve Güneş'in dış kısmı ile temel yollarla bağlantılıdır. Dünya'nın temelde bir kondrit göktaşı gibi olduğuna inanmak için iyi bir neden var. 1940'tan başlayarak, Francis Birch de dahil olmak üzere bilim adamları, Dünya'yı etkileyen en yaygın göktaşı türü olan sıradan kondritler gibi öncül olarak jeofizik inşa ettiler, ancak en az bol miktarda da olsa, entatit kondritler olarak da göz ardı ettiler. İki göktaşı tipi arasındaki temel fark, son derece sınırlı mevcut oksijen koşulları altında oluşan enstatit kondritlerin Dünya'nın çekirdeğine karşılık gelen alaşım kısmında kısmen veya tamamen mevcut olan bazı normal oksifil elementlere yol açmasıdır.

Dinamo teorisi, dış çekirdekteki konveksiyonun Coriolis etkisi ile birleştiğinde Dünya'nın manyetik alanına yol açtığını öne sürüyor. Katı iç çekirdek, kalıcı bir manyetik alanı tutamayacak kadar sıcaktır (bkz. Curie sıcaklığı), ancak muhtemelen sıvı dış çekirdek tarafından üretilen manyetik alanı stabilize etmek için hareket eder. Dünya'nın dış çekirdeğindeki ortalama manyetik alan gücünün, yüzeydeki manyetik alandan 50 kat daha güçlü olan 25 Gauss (2.5 mT) olduğu tahmin edilmektedir.

Son kanıtlar, Dünya'nın iç çekirdeğinin gezegenin geri kalanından biraz daha hızlı dönebileceğini düşündürmektedir; Bununla birlikte, 2011 yılında yapılan daha yeni çalışmalar bu hipotezin sonuçsuz olduğunu bulmuştur. Doğada salınımlı veya kaotik bir sistem olabilen çekirdek için seçenekler kalır. [Alıntı gerekli] Ağustos 2005'te Science dergisinde bir jeofizik ekibi ekibi, tahminlerine göre Dünya'nın iç çekirdeğinin yılda yaklaşık 0.3 ila 0.5 derece döndüğünü açıkladı yüzeyin dönüşüne göre daha hızlıdır.

Dünya'nın sıcaklık gradyanı için mevcut bilimsel açıklama, gezegenin ilk oluşumundan kalan ısının, radyoaktif elementlerin bozulmasının ve iç çekirdeğin donmasının bir kombinasyonudur.

Ayrıca bakınız
Lehmann süreksizliği

Kaynakça

Dünya'nın yapısı


L'étang de Campignol est une surface d'eau lagunaire située sur le littoral méditerranéen du département de l'Aude, au sud de la montagne de la Clape, entre l'étang de Bages-Sigean et la mer Méditerranée, couvrant .

Description
Situé sur la commune de Gruissan, l'étang est inclus sur le périmètre du Parc naturel régional de la Narbonnaise en Méditerranée, au nord de l'étang de l'Ayrolle avec lequel il échange les eaux par un petit canal. Il est bordé à l'ouest par l'ancien Salins de Campignol, fermé en 1963  qui fait l'objet de campagnes annuelles de nettoyage .

Le plan d'eau permanent est entouré de roselières, de sansouires et de prés salés périodiquement submergés.

Le roc de Conilhac, un ancien îlot calcaire de cet étang, est aujourd'hui relié à la terre à la suite d'apports récents de dépôts sédimentaires fluvio-marins.

L'étang de Campignol est aussi une réserve de chasse maritime depuis 1973. La dégradation de la qualité de l'eau du lac fait l'objet d'un programme de recherche.

Histoire

Divers

 Le site est classé Natura 2000, en ZNIEFF (910030040) et en Zone humide protégée par la convention de Ramsar (FR7200023).

Voir aussi

 Lagune
 Étang de Bages-Sigean
 Étang de Gruissan
 Étang de l'Ayrolle
 Parc naturel régional de la Narbonnaise en Méditerranée

Notes et références

Lac dans l'Aude
Lagune du littoral dans le département de l'Aude

Étang de Campignol


An Cyperus fendlerianus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johann Otto Boeckeler. An Cyperus fendlerianus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyperus, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cyperus

Cyperus fendlerianus


14515 Koichisato este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
14515 Koichisato este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nanyo de Tomimaru Okuni. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,53 ua, o excentricitate de 0,13 și o înclinație de 7,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 14001-15000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1996
Centura de asteroizi

14515 Koichisato


Die Swedish International Stockholm 2005 im Badminton fanden in Täby, Stockholm, vom 13. bis zum 16. Januar 2005 statt. Das Preisgeld betrug 5.000 US-Dollar.

Austragungsort
Täby Sportcenter (vormals Tibblehallen), Attundavägen 5-7

Finalergebnisse

Weblinks
Offizielle Webseite
badminton.de

2005
Badminton 2005
EBU Circuit 2004/05
Badmintonwettbewerb in Stockholm

Swedish International Stockholm 2005


එක්සත් රාජධානියේ වෙස්මිනිස්ට ක්‍රමයට සමාන ව්‍යවස්ථාදායකයන් පාර්ලිමේන්තුව නම්වේ. ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදය පවතින බොහෝ රටවල ඇති පාර්ලිමේන්තුව  උත්තරීතරය. මෙය මහජනතාව නියෝජනය කරමින් මහජන ඡන්දයෙන් පත්කරගනු ලබන මන්ත්‍රීන් හෙවත් නියෝජිතයන්ගෙන් සමන්විත වේ.

පාර්ලිමේන්තුවක් සිදුකරන කටයුතු වර්ග 3කි.
 ජනතාව නියෝජනය කිරීම
 නීති පැනවීම
 විභාගකිරීම් සහ පරීක්‍ෂණ පැවැත්වීම

අතීතය
1188 ස්පාඤ්ඤ පාර්ලිමේන්තුව ලොව මුල්ම පාර්ලිමේන්තුව ලෙස සැලකේ.

පාර්ලිමේන්තු සහිත ආණ්ඩු

ඒකමණ්ඩල හා ද්වීමණ්ඩල යනුවෙන් පාර්ලිමේන්තු වර්ග දෙකකි. මින් දෙමණ්‍ඩල පාර්ලිමේන්තුවක නියෝජිත මන්ත්‍රී මණ්ඩලය හා සෙනෙට් මණ්ඩලය යනුවෙන් මණ්ඩල දෙකක් පවතී. පුරාණ රෝම සෙනෙට් මණ්ඩලයත්, වයිකිංවරුන්ගේ පාර්ලිමේන්තුවත්, බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පාර්ලිමේන්තුවත් නූතන පාර්ලිමේන්තු ක්‍රමයේ පරිනාමයේ අවධීන් වේ.

දේශපාලනය
ව්‍යවස්ථාදායක
වෙස්මිනිස්ට ක්‍රමය

පාර්ලිමේන්තුව


Demirciler, Antalya ilinin Manavgat ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Antalya il merkezine 82 km, Manavgat ilçesine 5 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Manavgat'ın mahalleleri

Demirciler, Manavgat


Der Abtrünnige ist der Titel der Filme
 Der Abtrünnige (1927), österreichisches Filmdrama
 Der Abtrünnige (1954), französisches Filmdrama
 Der Abtrünnige (1987), russischer Science-Fiction-Film

Die Abtrünnige heißt der Film
 Die Abtrünnige, französisches Melodram aus dem Jahr 1947

Der Abtrünnige


إبراهيم أفيلاي (Ibrahim Afellay)، من مواليد 2 أبريل 1986 بمدينة أوترخت في هولندا، لاعب كرة قدم هولندي من أصل مغربي.
لم يستدعَ من طرف المنتخب المغربي، فبدأ باللعب مع منتخب هولندا لكرة القدم في عام 2007.

تم الاتفاق في شهر نوفمبر 2010 بين ناديي برشلونة الإسباني ونادي آيندهوفن الهولندي على انتقال أفيلاي إلى برشلونة بسعر قدر بثلاثة مليون يورو وانضم اللاعب لناديه الجديد في شهر يناير 2011.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب إبراهيم أفيلاي خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 5 أندية في ثمانية عشر موسمًا وسجل خلالها 44 هدفًا ضمن 261 مباراة. حيث فاز في موسمين بالكأس وفي ستة مواسم بالدوري.

خاض إبراهيم أفيلاي مسيرته مع نادي آيندهوفن في موسم 2003–04 في المرة الأولى ليلعب معه ثمانية مواسم ثم في موسم 2019–20 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا طوالها في 162 مباراة سجل خلالها 35 هدفًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي برشلونة في موسم 2010–11 في المرة الأولى ولمدة موسمين ثم في موسم 2013–14 لمدة موسم واحد، حيث شارك طوالها في 21 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي شالكه 04 في موسم 2012–13 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 10 مباريات سجل خلالها هدفين. ثم انتقل إلى نادي أولمبياكوس في موسم 2014–15 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 19 مباراة سجل خلالها 4 أهداف. هذا وانتقل لاحقًا إلى نادي ستوك سيتي في موسم 2015–16 ليلعب معه أربعة مواسم، مشاركًا في 49 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين.

في 31 يناير 2021، أعلن أفيلاي عن اعتزاله من كرة القدم. وقال أفيلاي: «ما كنت أريده أن يحصل في مسيرتي لم يحصل، ولكنني أتقبل ذلك. كنت أعرف أن هذه اللحظة (الاعتزال) كانت قادمة، إنه شعور جميل للغاية.»

مسيرته الدولية

أفيلاي وعائلته هم هولنديون ذوي أصول مغربية. بعد أن تواصل معه مدربا المنتخبين المغربي والهولندي، وجد أفيلاي نفسه أمام قرار صعب. إما يلعب مع المنتخب المغربي بسبب أصوله المغربية، أو يمثل المنتخب الهولندي لأنه وُلِد وترعرع فيها. قرر في النهاية أن يلعب مع المنتخب الهولندي بالرغم من المنافسة الشديدة التي كانت تحدث على أماكن خط الوسط.

لعب أفيلاي أول مباراة دولية له في تصفيات بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008 أمام منتخب سلوفينيا في 28 مارس 2007. لعب في بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008 كلاعب إحتياطي. بعد ثواني فقط من الدخول على الميدان في مكان ديرك كويت في مباراة المجموعة أمام إيطاليا، كاد أن يسجل أفيلاي هدفا لكن تسديدته ارتطمت بأعلى القائم. في مباراة المجموعة الأخيرة ضد منتخب رومانيا، لعب أفيلاي كأساسي إلى جانب آريين روبن في وسط الميدان. في 12 أكتوبر 2010، سجل أفيلاي هدفه الأول لهولندا في تصفيات أمم أوروبا 2012 أمام السويد.

كأس العالم 2010
كان أفيلاي ضمن المنتخب الهولندي لبطولة كأس العالم 2010 الذي كان يدربه بيرت فان مارفيك. شارك أفيلاي كبديل في أول مباراتين في دور المجموعات، والتين انتهيا بانتصار على منتخب الدنمارك  2-0 وانتصار على منتخب اليابان 1-0. ودخل أيضاً كبديل في انتصار هولندا على منتخب سلوفاكيا في مباراة دور ال16.

بطولة أمم أوروبا 2012
بالرغم من إصابته لأغلبية موسم 2011-2012، استُدعي أفيلاي إلى منتخب هولندا لبطولة أمم أوروبا 2012. في 2 يونيو 2012، أثناء آخر مباراة ودية للمنتخب الهولندي قبل ابتداء البطولة، سجل أفيلاي هدفان في انتصار منتخبه على أيرلندا الشمالية بستة أهداف دون مقابل. وفي أول مباراة في البطولة لعب أفيلاي كأساسي في خسارة بلاده أمام المنتخب الدنماركي 1-0. وكان أفيلاي ضمن التشكيلة الأساسية في هزيمة هولندا أمام ألمانيا أيضاً. بعد الخسارة الثانية، قرر بيرت فان مارفيك إخراجه من التشكيلة الأساسية مقابل رافاييل فان در فارت.

إحصاءات المهنة

النادي

1يشمل مسابقات تنافسية أخرى، بما في ذلك درع يوهان كرويف، كأس السوبر الإسباني، كأس السوبر الأوروبي، كأس الإنتركونتيننتال وكأس العالم للأندية

المنتخب

الجوائز والانجازات

آيندهوفن

برشلونة

الفردية

المراجع

وصلات خارجية
 السيرة الذاتية لإبراهيم أفيلاي الموقع الرسمي لنادي برشلونة

 الملف الشخصي لكأس العالم 2010

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية هولنديون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في اليونان
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
جنسية متعددة
رياضيون هولنديون مغتربون في اليونان
رياضيون هولنديون مغتربون في ألمانيا
رياضيون هولنديون مغتربون في إسبانيا
رياضيون هولنديون مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون هولنديون من أصل مغربي
ريفيون
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الهولندي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري اليوناني
لاعبو أولمبياكوس
لاعبو برشلونة
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2012
لاعبو بي إس في آيندهوفن
لاعبو رابطة أوتريخت الرياضية إلينكويك
لاعبو ستوك سيتي
لاعبو شالكه 04
لاعبو كأس العالم 2010
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية هولنديون
أفيلاي
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في اليونان
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم من أوترخت (مدينة)
لاعبو كرة قدم هولنديون مغتربون
أفيلاي
لاعبو منتخب هولندا لكرة القدم للشباب
أفيلاي
لاعبون فازوا بدوري أبطال أوروبا
مسلمون هولنديون
مواليد 1406 هـ
مواليد 1986
مواليد في أوترخت
هولنديون من أصل ريفي
هولنديون من أصل مغربي

إبراهيم أفيلاي


Diervilloideae, tribus listopadnog grmlja iz Sjeverne Amerike i Azije. Postoje dva roda s ukupno desetak vrsta. Dvije vrste uvezene su u Hrvatsku: Diervilla sessilifolia Buckley i Weigela florida (Bigelow) A. DC.

Rodovi
 Diervilla  Tourn. ex Mill.  (3 spp.), diervila
 Weigela Thunb. . (10 spp.), vajgelija

Izvori

Kozokrvnice

Diervilloideae


Rukometni klub Daruvar (RK Daruvar; Daruvar) je muški rukometni klub iz Daruvara, Bjelovarsko-bilogorska županija. U sezoni 2018./19. klub se natječe u 3. HRL - Sjever.

Klub je osnovan 1970. godine. Prethodno je u Daruvaru djelovalo više klubova, koji su početkom 1960.-ih igrali i vlastitu Općinsku ligu. Posljednji od tih klubova je bio "Partizan", koji je prestao djelovati 1970. godine. Klub je igrao na asfaltiranom Rukometnom stadionu, kapaciteta 3.000 sjedećih i 2.000 stajaćih mjesta.

U samostalnoj Hrvatskoj klub se uglavnom natjecao u Međužupanijskoj ligi i 3. HRL - Sjever.

Uspjesi

Plasmani po sezonama

Poznati igrači

Vanjske poveznice
 rkdaruvar.hr - službene stranice
 rkdaruvar.hr, wayback arhiva iz 2012.
 rkdaruvar.hr, wayback arhiva iz 2015.
 Rukometni klub Daruvar, facebook stranica
 furkisport.hr/hrs, RK Daruvar - dječaci B
 sportilus.com, Rukometni klub Daruvar

Izvori
 Marijan Flander i dr: Razvoj rukometa u Hrvatskoj : od prvih početaka do 1985. godine, Zagreb, 1986., UDK: 796.322(497.13)(091), str. 31
 bisnode.hr, Rukometni klub "Daruvar"
 fininfo.hr, "RK"Daruvar"

Daruvar
Daruvar

RK Daruvar


84. breddegrad kan henvise til:

 84. nordlige breddekreds
 84. sydlige breddekreds

84. breddegrad


HMAS Choules (L100) is a  that served with the Royal Fleet Auxiliary (RFA) from 2006 to 2011, before being purchased by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). The vessel was built as RFA Largs Bay by Swan Hunter in Wallsend, Tyne and Wear. She was named after Largs Bay in Ayrshire, Scotland, and entered service in November 2006. During her career with the RFA, Largs Bay served as the British ship assigned to patrol the Falkland Islands in 2008, and delivered relief supplies following the 2010 Haiti earthquake.

At the end of 2010, Largs Bay was marked as one of the vessels to be removed from service under the Strategic Defence and Security Review. She was offered for sale, with the RAN announced as the successful bidder in April 2011. After modifications to make her more suited for Australian operating conditions, the vessel was commissioned in December 2011 as HMAS Choules, named after Royal Navy and Royal Australian Navy Chief Petty Officer Claude Choules. A propulsion transformer failure kept the ship out of service between July 2012 and April 2013.

Design and construction

The Bay class was designed as a replacement for the  logistics ships operated by the RFA. The new design was based on the Royal Schelde Enforcer design; a joint project between the Dutch and Spanish resulting in the  and  amphibious warfare ships. The main difference with the British ships is the lack of a helicopter hangar. The ships were originally designated "auxiliary landing ship logistics" or ALSL, but this was changed in 2002 to "landing ship dock (auxiliary)" or LSD(A), better reflecting their operational role. Four ships were ordered; two from Swan Hunter, and two from BAE Systems Naval Ships.

The Bay-class ships have a full load displacement of  in RFA service; this increased slightly to  after modifications for RAN service. Largs Bay/Choules is  long, with a beam of , and a draught of . Propulsion power is provided by two Wärtsilä 8L26 generators, providing , and two Wärtsilä 12V26 generators, providing . These are used to drive two steerable propulsion pods, with a bow thruster supplementing. Maximum speed is , and the Bay-class ships can achieve a range of  at . Largs Bay was fitted for but not with a Phalanx CIWS and a 30 mm DS30B cannon when required for self defence. The RAN's webpage for Choules does not specify any armament. In British service, the everyday ship's company consisted of 60 to 70 RFA personnel, with this number supplemented by members of the British Armed Forces when Largs Bay was deployed operationally. The RAN opted to maintain the ship at full operational crewing at all times, with a ship's company of 158, including 22 Army and 6 RAAF personnel.

As a sealift ship, Largs Bay is capable of carrying up to 1,150 linear metres of vehicles; equivalent to 24 Challenger 2 tanks, 32 M1A1 Abrams tanks, or 150 light trucks. The cargo capacity is equivalent of 200 tons of ammunition, or 24 twenty-foot equivalent unit containers. During normal conditions, a Bay-class ship can carry 356 soldiers, but this can be almost doubled to 700 in overload conditions. The ship does not have permanent hangar facilities. However, a temporary hangar may be fitted and in Australian service the twin-spot flight deck has been extensively utilized with the embarkation of Blackhawk, MRH-90 and
Seahawk helicopters. In the period one year prior to April 2014 the ship had clocked up 1,000 deck landings. The flight deck is capable of accommodating helicopters up to the size of a Chinook heavy-lift helicopter. The well dock can carry one LCU Mark 10, one LCM-8, or two LCVPs (either the Royal Marines version or the Royal Australian Navy version), and two Mexeflotes can be suspended from the ship's flanks. The LCM-1E landing craft being acquired by the RAN will not fit into the dock. Two 30-ton cranes are fitted between the superstructure and the flight deck.

Largs Bay and sister ship  were ordered from Swan Hunter on 18 December 2000. Largs Bay was laid down at Swan Hunter's shipyard at Wallsend, Tyne and Wear on 28 January 2002; the first ship of the class work started on. The ship was launched on 18 July 2003. The ship was completed and accepted by the Ministry of Defence in April 2006, over a year late. Largs Bay was dedicated on 28 November 2006, the second of the class to enter service with the RFA. The Bay-class construction project saw major delays and cost overruns, particularly in the Swan Hunter half of the project. Shortly after Largs Bay was handed over, Swan Hunter was stripped from the project, with BAE taking full responsibility for the class and Lyme Bay towed to BAE's shipyard in Govan for completion in June 2006.

Operational history

United Kingdom

Four months after entering service, an engine room fire resulted in steering and propulsion issues, requiring Largs Bay to be towed to Plymouth for repairs. In late November 2007, Largs Bay embarked 815 Naval Air Squadron 215 Flight and left home waters for the Caribbean to conduct counter-drug operations. She visited eleven islands including Barbados, Curaçao, Grand Turk, Martinique, Trinidad and also the USA. Three days after leaving Barbados Largs Bays patrolling helicopter spotted a small fishing vessel stopped in the water and detained her after a pursuit;  of cocaine were recovered, with an estimated £20 million European street value. She participated in Navy Days while in port at Curaçao, where several hundred people toured her.

In late 2008, it was reported that Largs Bay was to replace  for duties in the Falkland Islands. Northumberland was to have left for the Islands in December 2008, but was instead sent for pirate patrol off Somalia.

In early 2010, Largs Bay was deployed to the Arctic Circle. Following the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the ship was pulled from exercises and sailed on 3 February to deliver a load of relief supplies to Haiti. On 18 February 2010, she arrived at Port-au-Prince and unloaded  of supplies plus  of rations, while engineers from the ship began work on restoring electricity ashore. On 30 March 2010, she returned home. Largs Bays actions were recognised in December 2011 with the awarding of the Firmin Sword of Peace.

In August 2010, the ship participated in the Bournemouth Air Festival.

Decommissioning and transfer

In December 2010, it was announced that the ship would be decommissioned in April 2011 as part of the Strategic Defence and Security Review. Shortly after marking Largs Bay for disposal, the British Ministry of Defence contacted the Chilean government and suggested the vessel as a potential replacement for the landing ship tank vessel Valdivia, which was due to leave service. In January 2011, the Australian Department of Defence announced that it was interested in purchasing the vessel for the RAN as a replacement for the heavy landing ship  or one of the  amphibious warfare ships. Interest in the ship was also shown by Brazil and India.

On 17 March 2011, the Australian Department of Defence announced that the RAN would be bidding for Largs Bay; this was followed on 6 April by news that a £65 million (A$100 million) bid had been successful. Sea trials during April showed that the ship was in good condition, although she would have to be modified before entering Australian service, particularly to allow operation in tropical conditions. During a 16-week docking at the A&P Group shipyard in Falmouth, the modifications were made, along with refit work to maintain the ship's Lloyds certification. The RAN also acquired two Mexeflote landing rafts for use with the ship.

On 13 August, it was announced that Largs Bay would be renamed HMAS Choules when commissioned into the RAN. The name comes from Chief Petty Officer Claude Choules, who served in both the Royal Navy and the RAN during his career, and was the last known living participant in World War I. Choules is the second RAN vessel to be named after an enlisted sailor, following the submarine . The ship was assigned the pennant number L100, reflecting the 100th anniversary of the RAN's origin in 2011. Her motto is "Face Difficulty With Zeal".

On 14 October, the vessel was handed over to the RAN. She arrived in Fremantle, Western Australia on 10 December, and was commissioned into the RAN on 13 December. Choules entered full operational service in early 2012, and is based at Fleet Base East.

Australia

On 24 February 2012, Choules arrived in Townsville. This was in preparation for a month of amphibious warfare training exercises with the Australian Army's 3rd Brigade.

In June 2012, one of the two main electrical transformers involved in the ship's propulsion system failed, after an earlier engineers report highlighted "overheating of the propulsion motors and transformers". Inspection found that insulation failure had short-circuited the transformer, while other transformers aboard showed premature wear. Unable to find an available spare, a new unit had to be ordered from the manufacturer. In June, it was predicted that Choules would be out of service for four to five months, but by October, claims were made that the ship would be inoperable until at least January 2013, and if all of the wear-showing transformers were replaced, she would not return to service until April 2013. By December, the faulty transformer had been replaced, and the RAN had decided that although the other transformers (propulsion and others) had been shown to have acceptable levels of wear, all would be replaced before Choules was reactivated. These repairs were completed in early 2013, and the ship was assessed as ready to re-enter service on 12 April.

For a short time from July 2013, Choules was anchored offshore of the Manus Regional Processing Centre in Papua New Guinea to provide temporary accommodation for Department of Immigration and other personnel, due to a lack of accommodation at the centre. In April 2015, the ship transported 46 Vietnamese asylum seekers back to Vũng Tàu, after their vessel was intercepted at sea on 20 March by Australian border protection units and their claims were rejected after interviews at sea lasting less than 40 minutes.

Choules operational role was reevaluated after the Canberra-class landing helicopter dock ships entered service in 2016, but will likely be kept on to fill the role of the strategic sealift ship envisioned by the 2009 Defence white paper.

In March 2017 Choules was sent to Queensland to support recovery after Cyclone Debbie.

Choules was deployed to Vanuatu on 30 September 2017 to aid in the rescue of 11,000 people from a volcanic eruption of Monaro Voui.

In January 2020, Choules was deployed to the coastal town of Mallacoota in East Gippsland, Victoria, to evacuate thousands of people trapped by bushfires and to ferry them south to Hastings in Western Port Bay.

On 14 February 2021, HMAS Choules left Australia for Papua New Guinea with 5 Isuzu fire trucks donated by Queensland Fire and Emergency Services.

On 11 March 2021, Gippsland officially announced Mallacoota as the new ceremonial homeport for HMAS Choules.

In May 2022 it was announced that Choules would be eventually replaced by one of two sought 'Joint Support Ships' under Project Sea 2200.

Citations

References
Books

Journal articles

News articles

Websites

External links

Bay-class landing ships of the Royal Australian Navy
2003 ships
Naval ships of Australia
Ships built by Swan Hunter

HMAS Choules


Fagner Ribeiro da Costa (født 24. august 1990) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Montedio Yamagata og Albirex Niigata.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Fagner Ribeiro da Costa


The title Baron of Dunsany or, more commonly, Lord Dunsany, is one of the oldest (1439 or 1462) dignities in the Peerage of Ireland, one of just a handful of 13th- to 15th-century titles still extant, having had 21 holders, of the Plunkett name, to date. Other surviving medieval baronies include Kerry (1223, now a subsidiary title of the Marquess of Lansdowne), Kingsale (1344, feudally 1223), Trimlestown (1469), Baron Louth (second creation, 1541), and Dunboyne (1541, feudally 1324).

History
The first Baron of Dunsany was Sir Christopher Plunkett, second son of Christopher Plunkett, 1st Baron Killeen. The elder Christopher married Joan Cusack, heiress of Killeen and Dunsany, and passed Killeen to his eldest son and Dunsany to the second. The date at which Christopher Plunkett became a peer, and a hereditary member of the Irish Parliament, is uncertain; according to Cokayne's Complete Peerage, there is no record of a Dunsany as a peer before 1489, and the creation may well have been as late as 1462, the year Sir Christopher died.  On the other hand, Debrett's listed the date of creation of the peerage as 1439, confirmed by Letters Patent in 1461.

The third Baron was a founder member of the military order known as the Brotherhood of Saint George and supported the claims of the pretender Lambert Simnel to the English Crown. The fourth Baron was a soldier of some repute who was killed trying to put down a rising in 1521. His son, the fifth Baron, was a soldier and statesman who was accused of complicity in the rebellion of Silken Thomas.

The eleventh Baron was a follower of King James II, who was outlawed after the Glorious Revolution. He was restored to his estates after the Treaty of Limerick, but neglected the necessary measures needed to have himself recognised as the holder of the peerage, and, as such, was not summoned to further Parliaments.  The twelfth Baron conformed to the Church of Ireland to preserve the lands of both Dunsany and Killeen, but did not take the necessary steps to confirm his right to the title and to the seat in the Irish House of Lords it would bestow.

The thirteenth Baron, son of the twelfth, did go through the necessary procedures to have his title and claim to a seat in the former Irish upper house properly admitted, and thus sat in the House of Lords as a peer of proven right. He was succeeded by his son, the fourteenth Baron, who served as Lord Lieutenant of County Meath, and also sat in the British House of Lords as an Irish Representative Peer from 1836 to 1848.

The fifteenth Baron represented Drogheda in the House of Commons and was an Irish Representative Peer from 1850 to 1852. He was succeeded by his younger brother, the sixteenth Baron. The latter was an admiral in the Royal Navy, and also served as an Irish Representative Peer between 1864 and 1889.  The seventeenth Baron, son of the sixteenth, sat as a Conservative Member of Parliament for Gloucestershire South and was an Irish Representative Peer from 1893 to 1899. His brother, Horace Plunkett was a key figure in the development of Irish agriculture and the Irish cooperative movement.

The seventeenth Baron was succeeded by his son, the eighteenth Baron. He was a well-known poet, playwright and author of short stories and novels, best known now for his short stories in the field of fantasy, the Jorkens stories, and his novel The King of Elfland's Daughter.  The descendants of his younger brother, Reginald Drax, bear not only the Dunsany's surname Plunkett, but also other surnames inherited from their mother, Ernle Elizabeth Louisa Maria Grosvenor Ernle-Erle-Drax, née Ernle Elizabeth Louisa Maria Grosvenor Burton (1855–1916), giving them a rare quadruple-barrelled surname of Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax.

The nineteenth Baron was a career soldier, primarily in the British Indian Army, while the twentieth, the painter and sculptor Edward Plunkett, 20th Baron of Dunsany, was the first Roman Catholic holder of the title since the 12th Baron. , the title is held by the eighteenth Baron's great-grandson, Randal Plunkett, 21st Baron of Dunsany, who in 2011, succeeded his father; as of 2022, he has one daughter.

Seat
The ancestral seat of this branch of the Plunkett family is Dunsany Castle in County Meath in Ireland.

Style
The title is listed in Burke's Peerage and Baronetage and Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage as Baron of Dunsany, but in The Complete Peerage as Baron Dunsany without the of.  In either case, the holder of the title is called Lord Dunsany in all but the most formal contexts.

Barons of Dunsany (1439)
Christopher Plunkett, 1st Baron of Dunsany (1410–1463)
Richard Plunkett, 2nd Baron of Dunsany (died )
John Plunkett, 3rd Baron of Dunsany (died 1500)
Edward Plunkett, 4th Baron of Dunsany (died 1521)
Robert Plunkett, 5th Baron of Dunsany (died 1559)
Christopher Plunkett, 6th Baron of Dunsany (died 1564)
Patrick Plunkett, 7th Baron of Dunsany (died 1601)
Christopher Plunkett, 8th Baron of Dunsany (died 1603)
Patrick Plunkett, 9th Baron of Dunsany (1595–1668)
Christopher Plunkett, 10th Baron of Dunsany (died 1690)
Randall Plunkett, 11th Baron of Dunsany (died 1735)
Edward Plunkett, 12th Baron of Dunsany (1713–1781)
Randall Plunkett, 13th Baron of Dunsany (1739–1821)
Edward Wadding Plunkett, 14th Baron of Dunsany (1773–1848)
Randall Edward Plunkett, 15th Baron of Dunsany (1804–1852)
Edward Plunkett, 16th Baron of Dunsany (1808–1889)
John William Plunkett, 17th Baron of Dunsany (1853–1899)
Edward John Moreton Drax Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany (1878–1957)
Randal Arthur Henry Plunkett, 19th Baron of Dunsany (1906–1999)
Edward John Carlos Plunkett, 20th Baron of Dunsany (1939–2011)
Randal Plunkett, 21st Baron of Dunsany (born 1983)
As the title descends in the male line only, as noted by the current holder, the heir presumptive is the holder's brother, the Hon. Oliver Plunkett (born 1985).

See also
Earl of Fingall (and Baron of Killeen)

References

Further reading
G. E. Cokayne: The complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant, by G.E.C. New edition, rev. and much enl., edited by the Hon. Vicary Gibbs. London, 1910 et seqq., "Dunsany" Vol. IV, p. 552; Vol I, Appendix A.
Dunsany, 2000: Carty, Mary-Rose and Lynch, Malachy – "The Story of Dunsany Castle", .
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors): Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,

1439 establishments in Ireland
Baronies in the Peerage of Ireland
Noble titles created in 1439

Baron of Dunsany


Križaljka
Križaljka (Osijek), osječki zagonetački list
Križaljka (Zagreb), zagrebački zagonetački list

Križaljka (razdvojba)


Alessandro Mannarino (Roma, 23 de agosto de 1979) es un cantautor italiano de World music.

Biografía
Alessandro Mannarino empieza la actividad artística en 2001, con su participación en la obra teatral Roma di notte del actor Massimiliano Bruno y colabora con muchos artistas como Ascanio Celestini, David Riondino y Don Pasta. Es a partir de 2009 cuando aparece a lo largo de tres temporadas consecutivas en Parla con me, un show de culto televisivo italiano de Rai 3 presentado por Serena Dandini.

Bar della rabbia (2009)
El 20 de marzo de 2009 sale a la venta su primer álbum Bar della rabbia, publicado por Leave music y distribuido por Universal Music. Con este primer proyecto discográfico gana el prestigioso Premio Giorgio Gaber a Viareggio y su disco es un de los finalistas del concurso Targa Tenco 2009 en la subdivisión "Album emergenti - Opera prima".

El mismo año hizo su debut en el Concerto del Primo Maggio. Bar della Rabbia tiene mucho éxito entre los críticos y el público llegando a conseguir la certificación "oro" por FIMI. Me so 'mbriacato es una de las canciones más famosas del álbum y gracias a su éxito el álbum es proclamado doble disco de platino por FIMI.

Supersantos (2011)
El 15 de marzo de 2011 sale a la venta su segundo álbum Supersantos (certificado disco "oro" por FIMI), presentado en directo durante la gira veraniega Supersantos Live y durante la siguiente gira teatral L'ultimo giorno dell'umanità. En 2011, gracias a la colaboración con el artista Valerio Berruti, para su obra de arte La rivoluzione terrestre, Mannarino se lanzó a componer la melodía Vivere la vita, cantada por un niño. Vivere la vita es una de sus canciones más amadas por su público y es así como su videoclip en YouTube alcanza rápidamente millones de reproducciones.

En 2012 el cantautor romano participa al Concerto del Primo Maggio y poco tiempo después el 13 de julio la institución SIAE reconoce definitivamente el trabajo del cantautor otorgándole el premio por ser el "Mejor joven compositor italiano". En el año 2013 él comienza la gira Corde: concerto per sole chitarre, una gira con guitarras acústicas y este mismo año, gracias a la colaboración del músico y artista Tony Brundo, compone la banda sonora para la película Tutti Contro Tutti (2013), bajo la dirección de Rolando Ravello. Con este trabajo Mannarino ganaría el galardón Magna Grecia Film Festival.

Al monte (2014)
El tercer álbum de Mannarino es Al monte (certificado disco "oro" por FIMI), publicado por Leave music y distribuido por Universal Music. Sale oficialmente el 13 de mayo de 2014, anticipado desde el sencillo Gli animali y después de la primera semana el álbum conquista el tercer lugar en la clasificación FIMI de los discos más vendidos.

El 27 de septiembre de ese mismo año gana a Faenza el Premio PIMI por ser el "Mejor artista independiente del año" conseguido gracias el éxito cosechado entre los críticos y el público tras la publicación del álbum Al monte; mientras el 22 de abril de 2015 gana el Premio Amnesty International Italia 2015 por la canción Scendi giù, cuya letra fue considerada como el "Mejor texto con respeto a los derechos humanos, editado en Italia en 2014". El 4 de julio de 2015 él comienza la gira Corde 2015, un tour con instrumentos de cuerda, que tendrá mucho éxito entre los espectadores.

Apriti cielo (2017)
El 23 de noviembre de 2016 Mannarino declara la publicación del cuarto álbum Apriti Cielo, publicado el 13 de enero de 2017. Solo un par de días después será seleccionado como primer single Apriti Cielo, que conquista el primer lugar de la clasificación Viral50 de Spotify y es así como el disco debuta directamente en primero puesto de la clasificación FIMI Album. Mannarino, con Apriti Cielo Tour, el tour relacionado con su último álbum, ve a su público triplicar con 2 PalaLottomatica con las entradas agotadas en pocas semanas y triples fechas en Milán, Turín y Bolonia.

En julio de 2017 el disco llega a la certificación "oro" por FIMI. Para celebrar su gira con más de 100.000 espectadores, el 20 de octubre de 2017 sale su primero álbum live titulado Apriti Cielo Live y registrado en Italia durante el verano (incluye el sencillo Fatte bacià). El 25 de noviembre de 2017 Mannarino gana el Premio De André por su carrera artística y pocas semanas más tarde declara el nuevo concept tour L'Impero Crollerà , que comienza en marzo de 2018 y pasará por más de 20 ciudades italianas. Un espectáculo que conquista tanto al público como a los críticos.

Para terminar el importante capítulo de Apriti Cielo, el artista declara el Apriti Cielo - Il Gran Finale , un evento especial en Roma el 25 de julio de 2018. Durante tres horas de concierto, Mannarino y los músicos que le acompañaron tocaron juntos en un concierto único cuyo público estaba compuesto por 10.000 espectadores, que había viajado hasta Roma para vivir la música en directo de Mannarino. Con este último concierto el cantautor se despide de su público para poder disfrutar de un largo descanso a fin de poder crear nuevas obras y para componer el nuevo álbum.

En poco más de un año MANNARINO cuadriplica su público y lo celebra con más de 150.000 participantes en sus conciertos.

Ultra Pharum
El 12 de marzo de 2018 Samuel, leader de banda Subsonica, invita a Mannarino a colaborar con la escritura de una canción en el Red Bull Studio Mobile. El sencillo Ultra Pharum permanece por más de 10 días en el primer puesto de la clasificación Viral50 de Spotify.

V (2021)
El 21 de julio de 2021 Mannarino anuncia la salida de V, su quinto álbum de estudio. El 27 de Agosto se publica Cantaré, single cantado en italiano y en español que anticipa el álbum y que será transmitido en las principales radios italianas.

El 17 de septiembre de 2021 se publica V, producido enteramente por Alessandro Mannarino y Jacopo BRAIL Sinigaglia con la colaboración, entre otros, de Joey Waronker, Michael H. Brauer (Mix) y Joe La Porta (mastering).

Al final de la semana siguiente el album ocupa la primera posición de la Clasifica FIMI Album de discos de vinilo más vendidos y la seconda posición de la clasifica general de los álbumes más escuchados.

Filmografía
Además de su carrera como cantautor, aparece en un episodio de la serie Boris de 2010 y está presente en la película Viva L'Italia, bajo la dirección de Massimiliano Bruno (2012).

Referencias

Véase también

Enlaces externos

 Sitio oficial

Cantautores de Italia
Nacidos en Roma

Alessandro Mannarino


مدرسة الكونغ فو (، ) هو مسلسل رسوم متحركة ياباني (أنمي) من إنتاج عام 1988.

الأبطال
 سامبي : بطل المسلسل حلمه أن يعرف جميع أسرار رياضية الكونغ فو وهو نشيط وقوي وسريع وذكي.
 كينتان : صديق سامبي ورابسو وهو قوي البنية ويحب الطعام وعصبي بعض الشيء وسمين.
 رابسو : صديق سامبي وكينتان وهو مثقف يحب قراءة الكتب ويخاف من الأماكن المرتفعة.

شخصيات أخرى
 المعلم الكبير : وهو مالك مدرسة الكونغ فو العليا.
 المدرب هنكل : مدرب طاعن في السن ويحب الشرب كثيرا وهو أمهر مدرب كونغ فو في الصين ويعرف جميع اسرار الرياضة.
 كبير المدربين تارو : مساعد المعلم الكبير في المدرسة ويقيم التمارين والاختبارات للطلاب في المدرسة.
 المدرب روكاي : مدرب كونغ فو شاب له مهارات عديدة في رياضية الكونغ فو اكتسبها من خلال رحلاته التدريبية.
 المدرب كيندو : وهو المدرب الذي رشحه المعلم الكبير ليعطي تدربيات الجبل العميق للطلاب المتأهلين في الاختبارات.
 رايكي : فتاة مشاكسة وتحب عمل المقالب لسامبي ورفاقه وهي تغار من راي لان سامبي وكينتان ورابسو يهتمون لامر راي ولا يهتمون لامرها.
 سيراي : شاب هادئ وخجول ولكنه قوي وهو ماهر في استخدام العصا معلمه المدرب راموي.
 راموي : مدرب كونغ فو باستخدام العصا وهو أمهر من استخدم العصا في الصين.
 مايرين : اخت سامبي لديها مطعم تديرة في القرية ولا تريد من سامبي ان يتعلم الكونغ فو لسبب قديم ولكنها ترضخ للامر الواقع في النهاية.
 راي : فتاة يتعرف عليها سامبي مصادفة ويساعدها سامبي هي واباها من ظلم الاشرار وهي معجبة بقوة سامبي وظهرت فقط في الحلقة السابعة.
 الملاكم شتاينر : ملاكم محترف وهو من البحارة يتحدى سامبي في منازلة شريفه بسبب ان سامبي هزم اثنين من رجاله بسبب انها سطوا على تفاح راي.
 ريكو : قرد ذكي يرافق سامبي في كل مكان ويساعده في قتالاته بعض الاحيان.
 دينكو : شاب ضرير وهو ماهر في استخدام العصا على الرغم انه لا يبصر.
 رايو : طالب من طلاب المدرسة العليا للكونغ فو.
 تشيمي : طالب من طلاب المدرسة العليا للكونغ فو.
 روفي : طالب من طلاب المدرسة العليا للكونغ فو.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أعمال مركز الزهرة
أنمي ومانغا فنون قتال
برامج تلفزيون أساهي
برامج قناة سبيستون
برودكشن ريد
سلسلات مانغا
شخصيات يتيمة في الأنمي والمانغا
شونن مانغا
صينيون خياليون
مانغا 1983
مانغا 1997
مانغا 2006
مجلات مصورة من كودانشا
مستكشفون خياليون
مسلسلات أنمي متلفزة 1988
مسلسلات أنمي مدبلجة للعربية

مدرسة الكونغ فو


Les troupes côtières russes (en , abrégé ) sont une branche de service de la marine russe destinée à défendre un littoral, à interdire un espace maritime ou à mener des opérations amphibies. Elle peuvent aussi participer aux opérations des Forces terrestres russes.

Structure
La branches des forces côtières de la marine russe comprennent trois forces armées :
 troupes d'infanterie de marine (traduit parfois par « infanterie navale », spécialisées dans le combat amphibie) ;
 troupes de défense côtière motorisées (de l'infanterie mécanisée, destinée aux contre-attaques) ;
 troupes de missiles et artillerie de défense côtière (artillerie côtière et missiles antinavire).

Les troupes côtières sont interarmes. Ils sont armés de systèmes de missiles côtiers (CMS) de missiles guidés anti-navires, de supports d'artillerie fixes et mobiles, conçus pour détruire des cibles maritimes et terrestres, de moyens de reconnaissance (naval) spéciaux, etc.

Troupes d'infanterie de marine
  d'infanterie de marine Krasnodarsko-Kharbinskaïa (« de Krasnodar et de Kharbin », titre honorifique pour la reprise de la première en février 1943 et pour l'offensive de Mandchourie en août 1945), unité n° 10103, casernée à Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski (dépendant de la flotte du Pacifique) ;
  d'infanterie de marine Kirkinesskaïa (« de Kirkenes », pour sa conquête en octobre 1944), , à Spoutnik dans l'oblast de Mourmansk (flotte du Nord) ;
  d'infanterie de marine de la Garde, , à Vladivostok (flotte du Pacifique) ;
  d'infanterie de marine de la Garde Belostokaïa (« de Belostok », pour sa reconquête en juillet 1942), , à Baltiïsk (flotte de la Baltique) ;
  d'infanterie de marine de la Garde, , à Sébastopol-Gagarine (flotte de la mer Noire) ;
  d'infanterie de marine de la Garde Tchernigovskaïa-Moskovskaïa (« de Tchernigov et de Moscou », pour la reprise de la première en septembre 1943 et la défense de la seconde en décembre 1941), à Kaspiisk au Daghestan (flottille de la Caspienne) ;
  séparé de marine de la Garde Marioupolsko-Khinganskaïa (« de Marioupol et du Khingan »), à Novoazovsk ( d'armée, ex milice populaire de la RPD) ;
  séparé d'infanterie de marine, , à Temriouk (flotte de la mer Noire).

Troupes de défense côtière motorisées
  d'armée de la flotte de la mer Noire :
  de défense côtière de la Garde Gorlovskaïa (« de Gorlovka », pour sa reprise en novembre 1943), à Perevalne (équipée comme une brigade d'infanterie mécanisée) ;
  de reconnaissance, à Sébastopol-Nakhimov (actions amphibies, renseignement électronique, drones et opérations psychologiques) ;
  du génie de marine, à Eupatoria ;
  d'armée de la flotte de la Baltique :
  de fusiliers motorisés de la Garde, à Goussev ;
  du génie de marine, à Gvardeïsk ;
  du génie de marine, à  ;
  d'armée de la flotte du Nord :
 la  de fusiliers motorisés de l'Arctique, , à Alakourtti ;
 la  de fusiliers motorisés de la Garde, , à Petchenga ;
  du génie de marine, à Severomorsk ;
  d'armée de la flotte du Pacifique :
  de mitrailleuses et d'artillerie, à  sur Itouroup et Kounachir (îles Kouriles) ;
  de fusiliers motorisés de la Garde, à Ioujno-Sakhalinsk.

Troupes de missiles et artillerie
  indépendante de missiles et d'artillerie côtière, , à Outash près d'Anapa (flotte de la mer Noire) ;
  indépendante de missiles et d'artillerie côtière, , à Sébastopol-Lénine (flotte de la mer Noire) ;
  indépendante de missiles côtiers, , à Donskoïe dans l'oblast de Kaliningrad (flotte de la Baltique) ;
  indépendante de missiles côtiers, , à Smolyaninovo dans le kraï du Primorié (flotte du Pacifique) ;
  indépendante de missiles côtiers, sur les îles de Sakhaline, Itouroup et Kounachir (flotte du Pacifique) ;
  indépendante de missiles côtiers, , à Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski (flotte du Pacifique) ;
  indépendante de missiles côtiers, , à Olenya Guba près de Poliarny (flotte du Nord) ;
  indépendant de missiles côtiers, à Kaspiisk au Daghestan (flottille de la Caspienne) ;
  indépendant de missiles côtiers, à Kaspiisk (flotille de la Caspienne) ;
  de missiles côtiers, sur la base aérienne de Chersonèse à Sébastopol (flotte de la mer Noire).

Notes et références

Articles connexes
 11e corps d'armée (Russie), pour la flotte de la Baltique
 14e corps d'armée (Russie), pour la flotte du Nord
 22e corps d'armée (Russie), pour la flotte de la mer Noire
 68e corps d'armée (Russie), pour la flotte du Pacifique

Forces armées de la Russie
Marine russe

Troupes côtières de la marine russe


Elsa Pépin, née à Montréal en 1978, est une auteure, éditrice et journaliste et animatrice culturelle québécoise.

Biographie
Elsa Pépin est journaliste et animatrice culturelle. Elle anime notamment l'émission web de la Librairie Monet, Rature et lit. Elle est aussi chef de pupitre « Arts de la scène » à l'hebdomadaire Voir et recherchiste pour des émissions littéraires à Radio-Canada.

Elle est également éditrice pour la collection « Quai no. 5 » des Éditions XYZ.

En tant qu'autrice, elle publie un recueil de nouvelles qui s'intitule Quand j'étais l'Amérique (Éditions XYZ, 2014) ainsi que deux romans, Les sanguines (Alto, 2016) et Le fil du vivant (Alto, 2022).

Pépin codirige avec Claudia Larochelle le collectif Amour & libertinage : par les trentenaires d'aujourd'hui (Les 400 coups, 2011) en plus d'assurer la direction du collectif Dans le ventre : histoires d'accouchement (Les Éditions XYZ, 2019).

Elle est récipiendaire du Prix littéraire des enseignants AQPF-ANEL (2015) et finaliste du Prix France-Québec (2015).

Œuvres

Nouvelles
 Quand j'étais l'Amérique, Montréal, Éditions XYZ, 2014, 163 p.

Romans
 Les sanguines Québec, Alto, 2016, 164 p.
 Le fil du vivant, Québec, Alto, 2022, n.p.

Collectif
 Amour & libertinage : par les trentenaires d'aujourd'hui, sous la direction de Claudia Larochelle et de Elsa Pépin, Montréal, Les 400 coups, 2011, 200 p.
 Dans le ventre : histoires d'accouchement, sous la direction de Elsa Pépin, Montréal, Les Éditions XYZ, 2019, 208 p.

Prix et honneurs
 2015 - Récipiendaire : Prix littéraires des enseignants AQPF-ANEL (pour Quand j'étais l'Amérique)
 2015 - Finaliste : Prix France-Québec (pour Quand j'étais l'Amérique)
 2023- Finaliste: Prix littéraire des collégien·ne·s (pour Le fil du vivant)

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Claudia Larochelle
 Voir
 Radio-Canada
 Éditions XYZ
 Éditions Alto
 Les 400 coups

Liens externes

Femme de lettres québécoise
Romancière québécoise
Journaliste québécoise
Naissance en 1978
Naissance à Montréal
Écrivain suivi par le projet Arts littéraires québécois

Elsa Pépin


Jaime Azcona Flamen (Pamplona, España) es un piloto de rally español, actualmente retirado, que compitió en el Campeonato de España de Rally, destacando en el panorama nacional en los años 90. Es hermano del también piloto de rallyes Javier Azcona. Fue piloto oficial Peugeot, marca con la que corrió gran parte de su vida, y su principal copiloto fue Julius Billmaier.

Comenzó su andadura en competiciones regionales, ganando la Copa Marbella Astur-Cántabro-Vasca y posteriormente saltando al nacional en 1991 corriendo con un Peugeot 205 GTI de su propio hermano. En 1992 compitió en el equipo de la revista "Auto Hebdo Sport" con un 205 rallye, para luego cambiarse a un Peugeot 106 XSI, logrando el Desafío Peugeot frente a otros pilotos, como Sergio Vallejo o David Guixeras.

Al año siguiente pasa a formar parte del equipo oficial Peugeot junto a Borja Moratal como jefe de equipo y teniendo a David Guixeras como compañero. En 1995 su compañero fue Sergio Vallejo, que había ganado el Desafío Peugeot el año anterior. En 1996 Moratal le confía un Peugeot 306 del grupo A, con el que ganaría en el Rally de Cantabria y en el Rally de Avilés, aunque tras una salida de carretera en el Rally Villa de Llanes y varios abandonos por avería mecánica termina cediendo el título nacional a Luis Climent, que competía con un Citroën ZX.

En 1997 Azcona se hace con un Peugeot 306 Maxi, con las últimas evoluciones de los Kit Car, pero tampoco consigue hacerse con el título nacional, año en que dominaría Jesús Puras con su Citroën ZX Kit Car. En la última prueba del año, el Rally de Madrid, donde fue superado por su propio compañero de equipo, Manuel Muniente, y Borja Moratal decide sustituirlo por el piloto catalán.

Tras no continuar en la estructura de la marca del león, Jaime estuvo a punto de cerrar un acuerdo para correr como piloto oficial Renault en 1998, pero finalmente esa opción no cuajó y abandonó su carrera como piloto para terminar sus estudios de ingeniería.

Palmarés

Victorias en el Campeonato de España

Referencias

Deportistas de Navarra
Pilotos de rally de España
Nacidos en Pamplona

Jaime Azcona


Badem (Prunus dulcis), gülgiller (Rosaceae) familyasının Prunoideae alt familyasından meyvesi yenebilen küçük bir ağaç türüdür. Badem bu ağacın meyvesidir. Şeftali ile birlikte Prunus'un alt cinsi Amygdalusun içinde yer alır.

Prunus cinsinin diğer üyelerinin (örneğin erik ve kiraz) aksine meyve tatlı, etli dış çevreye sahip değildir. Bunun yerine derimsi bir örtü ile kaplıdır ve bunun içinde, sert bir kabuk ile kaplı, yenilebilir çekirdek kısmı bulunur. Bu kısım kuru yemiş olarak tüketilir.

Morfolojik özellikleri

Ağaç güneybatı Asya'ya özgüdür. Kültüre alınmış formu İngiliz adalarına kadar kuzeyde yetiştirilebilir. Küçük bir ağaçtır, 4–9 m uzunluğuna ulaşır. Mızraksı yapraklar yaklaşık 6–12 cm uzunluğunda olup kenarı dişlidir. Çiçekler genelde beyaz veya açık pembe, 5 taç yapraklı ve 3–5 cm çapındadır. Yapraklardan önce erken ilkbaharda açar.

Köken ve tarih
Bademin yabani formu Akdeniz bölgesi'nde Suriye, Lübnan, İsrail ve Ürdün'de yetişir. Bademler tarımsal olarak ilk kez burada yetiştirilmiş olmalıdır. Yetiştirilme ve kültüre alınmasından önce, yabani bademler yiyecek olarak toplanır ve büyük ihtimalle toksisitelerini kavurma benzeri yollarla arındırılırlardı. Kültürü alınmış bademler Yakın Doğu'da Erken Tunç Çağı'nda (ya da kısa bir süre daha öncesinde) ortaya çıkmıştırlar. Arkeolojik açıdan badem, Tutankhamon'un kabrinde (yaklaşık M.Ö 1325) bulunan meyvelerdendir.

Ekolojik istekleri ve üretim
Global badem üretimi yaklaşık 1,5 milyon tondur. Yunanistan, Çin, İran, İtalya, Fas, Portekiz, İspanya, Suriye, Türkiye ve ABD ana üreticilerindendir.

Sıcak, ılık iklim ister, kurağa çok dayanır. Nemli havadan, soğuk rüzgardan hoşlanmaz. İlkbaharda erken çiçek açtığı için, geç gelen kırağılarda çiçekleri donar, meyve yapamaz.

Badem daha çok aşıyla yetiştirilir. Bazı çeşitleri tohumla da ürer. Fidanlar 3-4 yaşında meyveye yatar. 40-50 yıl ömrü vardır. Olgunlaşan meyvelerin dış kabuğu kurur ve açılır. Kendiliğnden yere düşenler toplanır.

Badem çeşitleri
 Diş bademi: Yarı yumuşak kabukludur. Meyvesi iri; kabuğu delikli, kalınca yumuşak ve sarıdır. Dişle kolay kırılır. İçi yassı, geniş ve tatlıdır. Eylül'de olgunlaşır.
 Taş bademi: Meyvesi orta iri, kabuğu sarı ve serttir. Zor kırılır. İçi dolgun, tatlı ve dayanıklıdır. Ekimde olgunlaşır.
 Nurlu bademi: İlk olarak 80'li yıllardan sonra badem üretimiyle Datça yarımadasının uç bölgelerinde bulunmuştur. Kabuğu sert, meyvesi bilinen örneklerden daha iri ve tatlıdır. Ağustosta diğer cinslerine göre 15 gün geç olgunlaşır.
 Gababağ: Nurlu bademinden daha küçüktür ve görüntüsü şeftali çekirdeğini andırmaktadır. Ağustosta olgunlaşır.
 Acıpayam: Meyvesi daha küçük ve şeftali çekirdeği gibi acıdır. Genellikle badem yağı üretiminde kullanılır. Ağustosta olgunlaşır.
 Şeytan payamı: Çok küçük olması ve meyvesi çıkarılırken kabuğunu kıran kişiyi çok uğraştırması sebebiyle bu ismi almıştır. Fındık büyüklüğündedir ve tatlıdır. Ağustosta olgunlaşır.

Kullanımı
Çağlası, meyve içi çerez olarak yenir; şekerlere, pastalara konur. Ayrıca ikisi arasında taze iç badem olarak da tüketilmektedir. Yağı sanayide kullanılır. Bademin bileşiminde %54 yağ, %16,9 nişasta vardır. Madensel tuz ve vitamince zengindir.

Faydası
Tatlı badem tohumlarında az miktarda protein, demir ve kalsiyumla birlikte yüksek oranda yağ bulunur. Badem yağı cilde ve saçlara iyi gelir. Antioksidan ve e vitamini yönünden oldukça zengin olan badem bu özelliği ile yaşlılık etkilerinden ve pek çok hastalıktan koruyucudur. Özellikle de çocuklar için sağlık deposudur. Acı badem ağız yoluyla alındığında göğüs yumuşatıcı, öksürük kesici etkisi olmakla birlikte yüksek dozda alındığında zehirlenme etkisine sebep olacağı için çok dikkatli olunmalıdır.

Vitamin mineral için iyi bir kaynaktır: Yeterli miktarda karbonhidrat, doymamış yağ, lif, fosfor, kalsiyum, demir, potasyum, magnezyum, çinko, A, B, C ve E vitamini bulunur. Yarım çay bardağı badem günlük manganez ihtiyacının yüzde 45'ini, bakır ihtiyacının yüzde 20'sini karşılar.

Hastalıklardan korur: Yapılan çalışmalar gösteriyor ki badem tüketimi koroner kalp hastalıkları riskini azaltmaktadır. Badem,  LDL (kötü huylu) kolesterolü düşürücü etkiye sahiptir. Diyabet ve kardiyovasküler hastalıklar için çifte koruma sağlar. Araştırmalar, düzenli badem tüketenlerin total kolesterolde yüzde 4-12 oranında düşme olduğunu göstermiştir. Yarım çay bardağı badem 18 gram yağ içerir. Bunun 11 gramı kalp için faydalı olan doymamış yağlardan oluşmaktadır.

Bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirir: Badem iyi bir antioksidan olan, immün sistemi destekleyen E vitaminin ve manganezin iyi bir kaynağıdır. Badem ayrıca magnezyum, bakır, riboflavin (B2) ve fosforun da iyi kaynaklarındandır.

Kilo vermeye yardımcıdır: İçeriğinde bulunan yağlar kilo vermeyi kolaylaştırır ve tok tutar, ara öğünlerde 10-15 adet badem tüketilebilir. İspanya'da yapılan, Obesity dergisinde yayımlanan, 28 ay süren ve 8865 yetişkin erkek ve kadın üzerinde uygulanan bir çalışmada, haftada en az iki kez badem tüketen kişiler hiç tüketmeyenlere göre yüzde 31 daha fazla kilo kaybetmiştir.

Safra taşlarının oluşumunu önler: Nurses Health Study'de 20 yıl boyunca yaklaşık 80 bin kadının diyetleriyle ilgili toplanan verilerde, haftada 28 gram badem, fıstık veya fıstık ezmesi tüketmenin, safra taşlarının oluşma riskini yüzde 25 oranında azalttığı saptanmıştır.

Zararlıları
 Badem iç kurdu (Eurytoma amygdali)
 Badem göz kurdu (Anthonomus amygdali)
 Dut kabuklu biti (Pseudaulacaspis pentagona)
 Şeftali virgül kabuklu biti (Mercetaspis halli)
 Küçük tomurcuk güvesi (Recurvaria nanella)
 Harnup güvesi (Ectomyelois ceratoniae)
 Şeftali güvesi (Anarsia lineatella)
 Yüzük kelebeği (Malacosoma neustria)
 Badem yazıcı böceği (Scolytus amygdali)

Badem