Valentia Island () is one of Ireland's most westerly points. It lies off the Iveragh Peninsula in the southwest of County Kerry. It is linked to the mainland by the Maurice O'Neill Memorial Bridge at Portmagee.  A car ferry also departs from Reenard Point to Knightstown, the island's main settlement, from April to October. Another, smaller village named Chapeltown sits at roughly the midpoint of the island,  from the bridge. Valentia Island's permanent population is 658 ().It is about  long by almost  wide, making it the fifth-biggest island off the Irish coast.

Name
The English name 'Valentia' or 'Valencia' Island does not come from the Spanish city of Valencia. Instead it comes from the Irish name of Valentia Harbour, cuan Bhéil Inse, "harbour-mouth of the island". It was anglicized as 'Bealinche' and 'Ballentia' before evolving into 'Valentia'. It is possible the spelling was influenced by Spanish sailors; there is a grave marker to Spanish sailors lost at sea in the Catholic cemetery at Kylemore.

The Irish name for the island is Dairbhre, probably meaning "oak isle". It was historically anglicized as 'Dariry'.

History

Valentia was the eastern terminus of the first commercially viable transatlantic telegraph cable. The first attempt in 1857 to land a cable from Ballycarbery Strand on the mainland just east of Valentia Island ended in disappointment. After subsequent failures of cables landed at Knightstown in 1858 and Foilhommerum Bay in 1865, the vast endeavor finally resulted in commercially viable transatlantic telegraph communications from Foilhommerum Bay to Heart's Content, Newfoundland in 1866. Transatlantic telegraph cables operated from Valentia Island for one hundred years, ending with Western Union International terminating its cable operations in 1966.

Before the transatlantic telegraph, American longitude measurements had a  uncertainty with respect to European longitudes. Because of the importance of accurate longitudes to safe navigation, the U.S. Coast Survey mounted a longitude expedition in 1866 to link longitudes in the United States accurately to the Royal Observatory in Greenwich.  Benjamin Gould and his partner A. T. Mosman reached Valentia on 2 October 1866. They built a temporary longitude observatory beside the Foilhommerum Cable Station to support synchronized longitude observations with Heart's Content, Newfoundland.  After many rainy and cloudy days, the first transatlantic longitude signals were exchanged between Foilhommerum and Heart's Content on 24 October 1866.

On 21 May 1927, Charles A. Lindbergh made his first landfall in Europe over Dingle Bay and Valentia Island on his solo flight from New York to Paris. On the 1927 Mercator chart used by the famous pilot, it was labeled Valencia.

In 1993 an undergraduate geology student discovered fossilised tetrapod trackways, footprints preserved in Devonian rocks, on the north coast of the island at Dohilla (). About 385 million years ago, a primitive vertebrate passed near a river margin in the sub-equatorial river basin that is now southwestern Ireland and left prints in the damp sand. The prints were preserved by silt and sand overlying them, and were converted to rock over geological time. The Valentia Island trackways are among the oldest signs of vertebrate life on land.

On 14 March 2021, Valentia Island was the site of the first walrus sighting in Ireland.

Places of interest

The combined features and history of the island make it an attractive tourist destination, easily accessible from the popular Ring of Kerry route.
Geokaun Mountain and Fogher Cliffs : the highest mountain on Valentia Island and the sea cliffs of  on its northern face.
On the northeast of the island stands Glanleam House amid sub-tropical gardens. Protected by windbreaks from Atlantic gales and never touched by frost, these gardens provide the mildest microclimate in Ireland. Starting in the 1830s, Sir Peter George Fitzgerald, the 19th Knight of Kerry (1808–1880), planted these gardens and stocked them with a unique collection of rare and tender plants from the southern hemisphere, normally grown under glass in Ireland. The gardens are laid out in a naturalistic style as a series of walks. There are plants from South America, Australia, New Zealand (the tallest tree ferns in Europe), Chile and Japan. The gardens are memorialized in a selected golden-variegated Luma apiculata "Glanleam Gold" that originated as a sport in the garden. The gardens are open to the public.
The slate quarry which reopened in 1998 provided slates for the British Houses of Parliament.
The island also hosts a heritage centre which tells the story of the geology, human, natural and industrial history of the island, with exhibits on the Cable Station, the Marine Radio Station and the RNLI's Valentia Lifeboat Station.
The Telegraph Field (or Longitude Field) is the site of the first permanent communications link between Europe and North America Transatlantic telegraph cables operated from Valentia Island from 1866.

Gallery

Climate
Valentia Island has an oceanic climate (Cfb). Sitting on the eastern edge of the Atlantic Ocean, Valentia Island is, on average, the wettest weather station in Ireland. Despite its being on the same latitude as St. Anthony in Newfoundland on the opposite side of the Atlantic, it enjoys much milder winters thanks to the moderating effect of prevailing west or southwest winds, and the effects of the warming Gulf Stream current. Snow and frost are rare, and because of this the island can support many sub-tropical varieties of plants.

Transport
The R565 road is the main road onto the island. There are two connections to the Irish mainland, the fixed Maurice O'Neill Memorial Bridge to Portmagee, and a seasonal vehicle ferry service from Knightstown.

Sport
Valentia Young Islanders GAA is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club.

Valentia is a popular fishing location, and Valentia waters hold the Irish records for conger eel, red sea bream, Ray's bream and lesser spotted dogfish.

Notable people

 Helen Blackburn who was a leading women's rights campaigner in England was born here in 1842.
 Valentia was considered home to Mug Ruith, a powerful blind druid in Irish mythology.
 The O'Sullivans, headed by the O'Sullivan Beare, owned much of Valentia until the 17th century.
 The noted naturalist Maude Jane Delap lived and worked in Knightstown, carrying out important research into the marine life surrounding Valentia and identifying many new species.
 Valentia is the home of former Gaelic footballer Mick O'Connell, and the birthplace of John J "Sceilg" O'Kelly, leader of Sinn Féin from 1926.
 Gaelic footballer Ger O'Driscoll was born on Valentia Island.
 The American solo rock climber Michael Reardon died on 13 July 2007 at the Fogher Cliffs of Valentia Island when he was swept out to sea following a successful climb.
 Gerald Spring Rice, 6th Baron Monteagle of Brandon was brought up on the island, as were many other members of the Spring Rice family.

See also

 List of RNLI stations

References

External links
Valentia Island Portal
Valentia Heritage Centre
Valentia Island Annual Music Festival
Travel Information
The Tetrapod Trackways
The Laying of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable
Telegraph Cable History Trail
Cable History at the Valentia Heritage Centre
Alan Hall - Sculptor of the First Transatlantic Cable and First message sent to USA 1856 Memorial
Submarine Telegraphs, Their History, Construction, and Working by Charles Bright
Linking European and American Longitude
IEEE History Center: County Kerry Transatlantic Cable Stations, 1866
The Transatlantic Longitude as Determined by the Coast Survey Expedition of 1866
Valentia Island Sea Angling
The Telegraph Field - Valentia Island
Irelandbyways site Valentia Information
Valentia Island

Further reading
 Browne, E.T., The fauna and flora of Valencia Harbour on the west coast of Ireland. Proc. R.Ir. Acad., ser.3,5, 667-854

Islands of County Kerry
Fossil trackways

Valentia Island


La capilla de San José de Sevilla (Andalucía, España) es un pequeño templo de estilo barroco, situado en el corazón del casco histórico de la ciudad.

Historia

Fue levantada por el gremio de carpinteros, lo cual le llevó a un sonado pleito con el de arquitectos, pues un carpintero no tenía autorización para hacer los planos de una edificación. Realizada en dos etapas, entre los años 1699 y 1766, sus trazas y su construcción se deben a la intervención sucesiva de dos grandes maestros de la época: Pedro Romero, que levanta el núcleo principal de la nave, y Esteban Paredes, que se ocupa de la capilla mayor y la portada de los pies.

El 12 de mayo de 1931, a las 4 de la madrugada, la capilla fue asaltada, saqueada e incendiada, durante las revueltas sociales tras la proclamación de la II República

Bien de interés cultural, sus valores arquitectónicos y artísticos fueron muy pronto reconocidos y valorados oficialmente, ya que su catalogación como monumento fue publicado por La Gaceta de Madrid en el año 1912. Desde 1916 es de los capuchinos franciscanos.

Goza de las mismas gracias que la Archibasílica de San Juan de Letrán en Roma.

Descripción de la capilla

Se trata de una pequeña y singular iglesia de planta rectangular, que se configura en planta mediante una sola nave con un pequeño crucero.

Portadas

Su portada de los pies es muy vistosa y espectacular. Estrecha y de poca altura, está realizada toda ella en ladrillo aplantillado y organizada en dos cuerpos; profusamente decorada con elementos de azulejería y esculturas siguiendo los cánones barrocos del momento, donde sobresale la hornacina central realizada según diseño del año 1716 de Lucas Valdés, y que aloja la imagen de su titular, San José.

En la portada lateral, también de marcado acento barroco en su diseño y decoración, destaca la representación de los Desposorios de la Virgen en la hornacina que corona la puerta. En esta fachada lateral existe un reloj de sol en igual estilo a la puerta.

Interior

Interiormente la capilla de San José se cubre en su nave con bóveda de cañón con lunetos, mientras que la capilla mayor lo hace mediante una cúpula de planta elíptica que se remata por una linterna ciega. A lo largo de sus muros presenta interesantes retablos barrocos y pinturas murales del mismo .

El retablo mayor es de estilo barroco de Sevilla. Fue realizado por el escultor portugués Cayetano de Acosta.

El retablo de Santa Ana y los Desposorios de la Virgen es de estilo barroco. Está formado por dos columna salomónica que sustentan un arco de medio punto.

Véase también
Arquitectura religiosa de Sevilla
Asociación pro restauración capilla de San José

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Bases de datos del patrimonio Inmueble de Andalucía. Instituto Andaluz del Patrimonio Histórico. Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía: Ficha de la Capilla de San José de Sevilla.
 .

San Jose
Jose
Bienes de interés cultural de la provincia de Sevilla
Arquitectura en Andalucía en el siglo XVIII
Arquitectura barroca en Andalucía
Iglesias barrocas de Andalucía
Sevilla
Bienes protegidos de España declarados en 1912

Capilla de San José (Sevilla)


Mário Figueira Fernandes (født 19. september 1990 i São Caetano do Sul, Brasilien), er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller, nationaliseret russer. Han spiller som højre back hos CSKA Moskva i den russiske liga.

Klubkarriere
Fernandes startede sin karriere i Brasilien, hvor han frem til 2012 repræsenterede Porto Alegre-storklubben Grêmio. Herefter blev han solgt til CSKA Moskva i Rusland.

Hos CSKA Moskva etablerede Fernandes sig som fast mand i startopstillingen og har blandt andet vundet tre russiske mesterskaber med klubben.

Landshold
Fernandes spillede i 2014 en enkelt venskabskamp for det brasilianske landshold, mod Japan.

Da man ikke er låst som landsholdsspiller, hvis man kun har spillet venskabskampe, var døren for at spille for Rusland imidlertid stadig åben, og den mulighed udnyttede Fernandes i 2017, efter fem år i landet hos CSKA Moskva. Han debuterede for det russiske landshold i en venskabskamp mod Sydkorea 7. oktober 2017. Han blev efterfølgende udtaget til VM 2018 på hjemmebane i Rusland.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien
Fodboldspillere fra Rusland
Fodboldspillere fra CSKA Moskva
Fodboldspillere fra Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 2018
Deltagere ved det europæiske mesterskab i fodbold 2020

Mário Figueira Fernandes


ස්වරාල  නෙරුම—පොදු භාවිතයෙහිදී උගුරු ඇටය ලෙසින් හැඳින්වේ—යනු මානව බෙල්ලෙහි දක්නට ලැබෙන අංගයකි.  මෙම පුඤ්ජය, හෝ ඉලිප්පීම සැදෙන්නේ, ස්වරාලය වට කොට ඇති  තයිරොයිඩ් කීකසයෙහි ඇල කෝණය නිසාවෙනි.  උගුරු ඇටයට ඉංග්‍රීසියෙන් භාවිතා වන "ඇඩම්ස් ඇපල්" යන්න ව්‍යුත්පන්න වී ඇත්තේ ආදම් සහ ඒව පිළිබඳ බයිබල කථාවේ ආදම් විසින් තහනම් ගෙඩිය කෑම පදනම් කරගෙනය.

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි

ද්විතීයිත ලිංගික ගුණාංග
හිස සහ ගෙල
මිනිස් සිරුරේ අවයව

උගුරු ඇටය


Marie Elise Thornam (født 12. marts 1857 i Lyngby, død 24. april 1901) var en dansk landskabsmalerinde. Hun var datter af Christian Thornam.

Marie Thornam hjalp som barn sin fader med koloreringen af tegningerne til Flora Danica. Hun lærte at male hos Hans Fischer og Andreas Fritz og udstillede fra 1887 landskaber.

Kilder

Ekstern henvisning

Landskabsmalere
Malere fra Danmark
Danskere i 1800-tallet
Personer fra Kongens Lyngby
Marie

Marie Thornam


انتصار الشباب هو فيلم موسيقي مصري انتج عام 1941، وهو أول أفلام الشقيقين أسمهان وفريد الأطرش، الذي لحن جميع أغاني الفيلم. قدم فريد الأطرش أوبريت «ليلة في الأندلس» وهو أول أوبريت غنائي عرفته السينما المصرية، وقد قام الشاعر أحمد رامي باقتباس نص الأوبريت الشعري من الأوبرا الشهيرة (حلاق إشبيلية). تكونت أوبريت ليلة في الأندلس من أربعة مشاهد ضمها فصلان وكأنها أوبريت مسرحية وقد صاغ فريد الاطرش الحان الأوبريت من مقام عجم.

قصة الفيلم
من الشام جاء وحيد (فريد الأطرش) واخته نادية (أسمهان) للبحث عن مستقبلهم الفنى بعد فشلهم في بلادهم، وفي القطار يتعرفون على المعلم العتر (عبد الفتاح القصري) الذي يقودهم للسكنى عند ام إسماعيل (ماري منيب) ويجاورون الثلاثى الفنى البائس جوز (فؤاد شفيق) ولوز (حسن فايق) وبندق (حسن كامل) والذين يستمعون لغناء وحيد ونادية فيقودونهم إلى كازينو نجوم الليل حيث يقابلون المدير الخواجة بشارة الغندقلى (بشارة واكيم) الذي اعجب بجمال نادية فوافق على تشغيلهم عنده مع الثلاثي جوز ولوز وبندق. ثم جاء محي (أنور وجدي) ابن الباشا وصديقه فوزي (عبد السلام النابلسي) وشاهدوا نادية، وأراد محي مجالستها فرفضت فإشتكى للخواجة بشارة الذي قام بطردهم جميعا، ولما علم محي طلب منه إعادتهم، فذهب إليهم بشارة في منزلهم وطالبهم بالعودة دون مجالسة الزبائن، وأرسل محي إلى نادية وردا فرفضته أيضاً، فزاد إعجابه بها ودعاها للغناء في حفلة أقامها في العزبة وعرض عليها إعجابه وحبه وخطبها وتزوجها وتركت الكازينو فقام الخواجة بشارة بطرد الباقين وانكسرت عليهم أجرة السكن فقامت ام إسماعيل بطرد الجميع. وقرأ وحيد إعلانا عن مطربين جدد للعمل في السينما، فذهب إلى مكتب الاستاذ الموسيقى طه طه (إستفان روستي) الذي لم يحسن استقباله رغم إعجابه به لأنه غار منه وخاف ان يأخذ مكانه فماطله، ولكن تلك الزيارة كانت فاتحة خير عليه، فقد تعرف على احسان (روحية خالد) شقيقة طه وتبادلا الإعجاب والحب، كما قابل مدير شركة أسطوانات اعجب بصوته فأوصله للغناء في الإذاعة وذاع صيته واستأجر شقة في حي الزمالك وتزوج جوز من ام إسماعيل، وعاشوا جميعا في منزل وحيد يخدمونه. ولما علمت بهية هانم (علوية جميل) ام محي ان شقيق نادية مطرب إستاءت بشدة وتغيرت معاملتها لنادية، ولما علمت بهيه هانم ان نادية كانت مطربة سابقة طلبت من ابنها ان يطلقها، فرفض، فطردتهم من بيتها، وفضلت نادية ان تترك محي ليعود إلى امه، ولكنه سارع وراءها واصطدم بمزلقان السكة الحديد ونقل إلى المستشفى، وزارته نادية وقالت له ان الزوجة تعوض أما الام فلا تعوض وطلبت منه ان يعود إلى امه، وسمعتها بهية هانم. وذهبت احسان لمنزل وحيد فقابلتها نادية واخبرتها انها زوجته فإستاءت احسان وسافرت مع شقيقها طه إلى الشام. احتار وحيد كيف ينتج الأوبريت التي ألفها، فقام الثلاثى بخداع الخواجة بشارة وافهماه ان نادية تحبه وانها سوف تطلب الطلاق من محي، وطلبوا منه ان ينتج الأوبريت لوحيد لكى يكون سكة يتقرب بها من نادية، وبالفعل أنتج الأوبريت ونجح نجاحا كبيراً، وشاهدته بهية هانم وأعادت نادية لزوجها محي كما علمت احسان الحقيقة وعادت إلى وحيد.

فريق العمل
إخراج: أحمد بدرخان

تأليف:
 عمر جميعي (قصة)
 أحمد بدرخان (سيناريو)
 بديع خيري (حوار)
إنتاج: أفلام تلحمي (تلحمي اخوان)

بطولة:
 فريد الأطرش (وحيد)
 أسمهان (نادية)
 أنور وجدي (محي)
 بشارة واكيم (بشارة)
 عبد السلام النابلسي (فوزي)
 علوية جميل (بهية هانم)
 إستفان روستي (طه طه)
 فؤاد شفيق (جوز)
 حسن فايق (لوز)
 حسن كامل (بندق)
 روحية خالد (احسان)
 عبد الفتاح القصري (المعلم العتر)
 ثريا فخري
 محمود إسماعيل
 ماري منيب (أم إسماعيل)
 عبد المنعم إسماعيل
 سامية جمال (راقصة)

أغاني الفيلم
من الحان: فريد الأطرش
 يا بدع الورد (كلمات: حلمي الحكيم)
 ياللي هواك (كلمات: أحمد رامي)
 إيدي في إيدك (كلمات: بيرم التونسي)
 الحب عز وهنا (كلمات: حلمي الحكيم)
 ليالي الأندلس (كلمات: أحمد رامي)
 الشروق والغروب (كلمات: بيرم التونسي)
 صدوك عني العدا (كلمات: بيرم التونسي)
 صوني الخدود (كلمات: بيرم التونسي)
 وحيتاك (كلمات: يوسف بدروس)
 بندوق وجوز ولوز (كلمات: حلمي الحكيم)

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أفلام أحمد بدرخان
أفلام أنور وجدي
أفلام إنتاج 1941
أفلام باللغة العربية
أفلام سامية جمال
أفلام عبد السلام النابلسي
أفلام فريد الأطرش
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1941
أفلام مصرية بالأبيض والأسود

انتصار الشباب (فيلم)


An Navia emergens in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni L.B.Sm., Steyerm. ngan Harold Ernest Robinson. An Navia emergens in nahilalakip ha genus nga Navia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Navia

Navia emergens


La ligne Koursk-Kharkov-Sébastopol (K-X-S) est un grand axe ferroviaire en Ukraine qui date de .

Histoire

Elle existe depuis la fusion des lignes K-X-A, Lozovo-Sébastopol et Djankoï-Feodosïa. Le nom en abrégé K-X-A a existé jusqu'à la formation de la société des chemins de fer de l'Etat du sud en janvier 1907. Actuellement la ligne appartient aux Réseau ferré de Donestk pour la partie Lozova-Uspenskaïa et la partie Rostov-Uspenskaïa aux chemins de fer du Caucase du nord.

Depuis mi 2014 avec la guerre du Donbass certaines parties sont suspendues et en 2016 la caténaire entre Kostiantynivka et Horlivka a été démontée.

Ligne

Ouverture, le 23 décembre 1869, sur la deuxième ligne du chemin de fer du tronçon Kharkiv à Rostov.

Le 1er janvier 1894, le chemin de fer de Donetsk transportant le charbon a été divisé entre les chemins de fer de Catherine et le chemin de fer Koursk-Kharkiv-Azov.

Ouvrages d'art

Gares et haltes

Exploitation

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Transport ferroviaire en Ukraine.
 Liste de gares en Ukraine.
 Histoire du transport ferroviaire en Russie.
 Gare de Kharkiv.

Liens externes

Ligne de chemin de fer en Ukraine
Ligne de chemin de fer en Russie

Ligne de chemin de fer Koursk-Kharkov-Sébastopol


Druga nogometna liga Herceg-Bosne je svoje šesto izdanje imala u sezoni 1999./00. Bila je podijeljena u dvije skupine – Sjever i Jug.
Nakon ove sezone se  Nogometni savez Herceg-Bosne i Nogometni savez Bosne i Hercegovine spajaju, kao i njihove lige te nastaje ligaški sustav za cijelo područje Federacije BiH.

Ljestvice

Sjever

Jug

Poveznice
 Prva nogometna liga Herceg-Bosne 1999./00.
 Nogometno prvenstvo Herceg-Bosne – 3. ligaški rang 1999./00.

Izvori
 Iljo Dominković: 70 godina NK "Sloga", Tolisa : (1947. – 2017.), Tolisa, 2017,  (str. 245-249)

1999-00
1999-00
 HB 2

Druga nogometna liga Herceg-Bosne 1999./00.


Abdülmecid (, 25 Nisan 1823, İstanbul – 26 Haziran 1861, İstanbul), 31. Osmanlı padişahı ve 110. İslam halifesidir. II. Mahmud'un, Bezmialem Sultan'dan olan oğludur. Döneminde Tanzimat Fermanı'nı ilan ettirmesiyle ünlüdür. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun son dört padişahının babası olarak, en çok sayıda oğlu padişahlık yapmış Osmanlı hükümdarı olan Abdülmecid, babası II. Mahmud gibi vereme yakalanmıştı. Ihlamur Kasrı'nda öldüğünde 38 yaşındaydı. Fatih'in Sultan Selim semtinde, Yavuz Selim Camii Haziresi'ne defnedildi ve bugün adı verilen bir türbesi bulunmaktadır.

Yaşamı

Batı kültürüyle yetiştirilmiştir. İyi Fransızca konuşur ve batı müziğini severdi. Babası II. Mahmud gibi yenilik yanlısıydı. Babasının ölümü üzerine tahta çıktı. Abdülmecid'in tahta çıkışı sevinç uyandırmıştı. Talihi, Mustafa Reşit, Mehmet Emin Ali Paşa, Fuat Paşa gibi devlet adamlarına rastlamasıydı. Saltanatı sırasında en çok tutucuların muhalefetiyle karşılaştı. 1840'lı yıllarda İrlanda'da ortaya çıkan ve milyonu aşkın insanın ölümüyle sonuçlanan kıtlık esnasında, İrlandalı bir doktor ziyaretçisinin kendi ailesini de bu kıtlığa kurban verdiğini söylemesi üzerine gemiyle bu ülkeye gıda yardımı yapılmasını sağlamıştır. Bu davranış hâlen İrlanda halkı tarafından takdir edilmektedir.

Saltanatı

1 Temmuz'da (1839) tahta çıktığında; Mısır sorunu Nizip yenilgisiyle (24 Haziran 1839) çıkmaza girmiş durumdaydı. Babasının cenaze töreni sırasında başvekil Mehmet Emin Rauf Paşa'dan padişahın mührünü zorla alan, Meclisi Valayı Ahkâmı Adliye Reisi Koca Mehmet Hüsrev Paşa, kendisini sadrazam ilan ettirdi (2 Temmuz 1839).

Henüz Nizip bozgunundan haberi olmayan padişah, sorunu çözmek için orduya ve donanmaya harekâtı durdurmaları için emir gönderdi. Mısır valisi Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa'yı bağışladığını ve anlaşmak istediğini bildirmek üzere Köse Akif Efendi'yi Mısır'a yolladı. Bu arada düşman saydığı Hüsrev Paşa'nın sadarete gelmesinden korkan Kaptan-ı Derya Ahmet Fevzi Paşa, donanmayı Mısır'a götürüp, Mehmet Ali Paşa'ya teslim etti (3 Temmuz 1839). Nizip yenilgisinin haberi İstanbul'a ulaştı. Birleşik Krallık, Fransa, Rusya, Avusturya ve Prusya, verdikleri ortak bir notayla Mısır sorununun kendilerine danışılmadan çözülmemesini istediler (27 Temmuz 1839). Bu nota kabul edildi. Böylece Osmanlı Devleti, Avrupa devletlerinin bir tür güdümü altına girmiş oldu.

Tanzimat Fermanı

Londra ve Paris'te, Osmanlı devletindeki ıslahat hazırlıkları konusunda görüşmelerde bulunan hariciye nazırı Mustafa Reşit Paşa, bir ıslahat programının gerekliliğine padişahı inandırdı. Hazırlanan Gülhane Hatt-ı Hümayunu (Hatt-ı Şerif ya da Tanzimat Fermanı da denir) Mustafa Reşit Paşa tarafından 3 Kasım'da Gülhane'de okundu. Tanzimat dönemini açan bu belgeyle, yargılamasız kimsenin cezalandırılamayacağı, mal ve mülkünün zorla alımına gidilemeyeceği ilkesi getiriliyor, devletle birey arasındaki ilişkileri düzenleyecek yasaların çıkarılacağı açıklanıyordu.

Tanzimat Fermanı'nın uyandırdığı olumlu hava Mısır sorununun çözümünü kolaylaştırdı. Birleşik Krallık'ın önerisiyle, beş büyük devlet Londra'da bir araya geldiler. Mısır valisini destekleyen Fransa dışlanarak, 15 Temmuz 1840'ta Birleşik Krallık, Rusya, Avusturya ve Prusya arasında Londra Antlaşması imzalandı. Mısır valiliği veraset yoluyla Mehmet Ali Paşa'ya bırakılarak, ele geçirdiği topraklar ve Osmanlı donanması geri alındı. Aynı devletler, aralarına Osmanlı Devletiyle Fransa'yı da alarak imzaladıkları Boğazlar Sözleşmesi ile (13 Temmuz 1841) Osmanlı Devleti'nin boğazlar üzerindeki egemenliği tanındı ve boğazlar yabancı savaş gemilerine kapatıldı.

Tanzimatın öngördüğü ilkeleri uygulamak için Meclis-i Âli-i Tanzimat kuruldu (1853). Her eyaletten, yörelerinin gereksinmelerini bildirmek üzere ikişer temsilci İstanbul'da toplantıya çağrıldı. Merkezden her bölgeye gönderilen imar meclisleri çalışmaya başladı. Mâliye, Fransa'daki örgütlenme temel alınarak düzenlendi. Mâli yetkililer, idare amirlerinden alınarak defterdarlara verildi. Vergilerin saptanması vilâyet meclislerine, toplanması da muhassıl adı verilen vergi memurlarına bırakıldı. İltizam yöntemi kaldırıldı. Aşar, her yerde eşit olarak alınmaya başladı. Hristiyanlardan alınan vergilerin toplanmasında patrikhanelerin aracılığı kabul edildi. Ticaret meclisleri kuruldu. Fransız ceza kanunu çevrilerek uygulamaya konuldu. Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye toplandı (1845). İlk idâdiler açıldı. 1847'de Maârif-i Umûmiye Nezâreti kuruldu. 1848'de ilk muallim mektebi, aynı yıl Harbiye'de kurmay sınıfı, 1850'de Darülmaarif adı verilen lise, 1851'de ilk bilim akademisi sayılan Encümen-i Daniş açıldı. 1846'da Darülfünun binasının temeli atıldı. Askerlik yasası çıkarılarak (6 Eylül 1843) kura yöntemi benimsendi, askerlik süresi 4-5 yıl olarak sınırlandı.

Abdülmecid, Tanzimat'ın uygulanmasında karşılaşılan zorlukları yerinde görmek amacıyla yurt gezilerine çıktı. 1844'te İzmit, Mudanya, Bursa, Gelibolu, Çanakkale, Limni, Midilli, Sakız'ı ziyaret etti; 1846'da Silistre'ye kadar uzanan bir Rumeli gezisi yaptı. Her yıl Meclisi Vâlâyı Ahkâmı Adliye'yi bir nutukla açması, onun milletvekili düzenine yakın olduğu görüşünü destekler.

Tanzimat sonrası gelişmeler ve Kırım Savaşı

Devletin bütün kurumlarında başlatılan yenileşme çabaları, karşılaşılan tepkiler dolayısıyla istenilen sonucu vermedi. Abdülmecid zaman zaman tutucuları görevlendirmek zorunda kaldı. İmkansızlıklar nedeniyle yeniden iltizam yöntemine dönüldü. 1840'ta kâime-i mutebere adıyla ilk kâğıt para çıkarıldı. Devlet ıslahat işleriyle uğraştığı sırada Birleşik Krallık ve Fransa'nın çıkar çatışmaları ve kışkırtmalarıyla Suriye ve Lübnan'da Dürziler ile Maruniler arasında olaylar çıktı (1845).

1848 ihtilâlleri sırasında Avusturya'ya karşı bağımsızlık savaşı veren Macar yurtseverleri Türkiye'ye sığındı. Bab-ı Âli'nin, Avusturya ve Rusya'nın baskı ve tehditlerine karşın sığınanları geri vermemesi Avrupa'da Osmanlı Devleti'nin saygınlığını yükseltti. Eflak ve Boğdan'a da yansıyan ayaklanma, İngilizlerle yapılan Baltalimanı Antlaşmasıyla (1 Mayıs 1849) geçici olarak sonuca bağlandı.

Bir süre sonra ortaya çıkan kutsal yerler sorunu, Osmanlı Devleti ile Rusya'yı savaşa sürükledi. Kudüs'teki katolikleri korumak için başvuran Fransa'ya karşı, Rusya da ortodoksların haklarını korumak için harekete geçti. Bab-ı Âli'ye verdiği bir nota ile ortodokslara geniş haklar tanınmasını, bunların koruyuculuk hakkının da kendisine verilmesini istedi. Osmanlı hükûmeti bunu kabul etmeyince de Eflâk ve Boğdan'ı işgal etti. Bunun üzerine Abdülmecid, Rusya'ya savaş açtı (4 Ekim 1853). Osmanlı Devleti, müttefikleri Birleşik Krallık, Fransa, Piyemonte ile birlikte Kırım Savaşı'nı kazandı.

Yalnız, Paris'te imzalanacak barış antlaşmasından önce padişah, Tanzimat Fermanı'nı tamamlayan Islahat Fermanı'nı ilân etmek zorunda bırakıldı (18 Şubat 1856). Azınlıklara, savaştan önce Rusların istediğinden daha fazla haklar veren bu belge, Paris Antlaşması'nı (30 Mart 1856)'da imzalayan Birleşik Krallık, Fransa, Rusya, Avusturya ve Piyemonte tarafından senet kabul edildi. Böylece, bir iç sorun olan ıslahat konusunda yabancılara müdahale hakkı tanınmış oldu. Buna karşılık Osmanlı Devleti imzacı devletlerin güvencesi altında bütünlüğünü koruyor ve Avrupa devletleriyle eşit haklara sahip sayılıyordu.Siyasi buhranları bu şekilde atlatan Abdülmecid, yeniden ıslahat işlerine döndü. 1856'da askerlik teşkilâtı yedi ordu esası üzerine kuruldu ve Hristiyanlar da askere alınmaya başlandı. Maarif-i Umumiye nezareti kuruldu (28 Nisan 1857). Avrupa'ya öğrenci gönderildi (1857). Mülkiye Mahreç Mektebi (1859), Telgraf Mektebi (1860) gibi bazı meslek okulları açıldı. Yeni toprak kanunu (Arazi kanunnamesi) yayınlandı (1857). Devletin gelir ve giderleri bir bütçeye bağlandı. Tersane yeniden düzenlendi.

Abdülmecid, çeşitli toplulukları eşitlik ilkesi içinde ve Osmanlılık düşüncesi çevresinde birleştirmeye çalıştı. Fakat, özellikle Gayrimüslimlerde uyanan ve batılı devletlerce desteklenen ulusçuluk duyguları böyle bir birliğin kurulmasını olanaksızlaştırıyordu. 1856 Islahat Fermanı'yla Gayrimüslimlere verilen geniş ayrıcalıklar, Müslümanların tepkisine yol açtığı gibi, Gayrimüslimler de askere alınma kararına karşı çıktılar. Osmanlı toplumu yeniden huzursuz bir ortama sürüklendi. Cidde'de (1857), Karadağ'da (1858) olaylar çıktı. Avrupa devletleri olayların bir Avrupa kurulunca denetlenmesini istediler.

Avrupa devletlerinin devletin içişlerine karışmasından hoşlanmayanlar, padişahı ve hükûmet erkânını öldürüp Abdülaziz'i tahta çıkarmak için örgütlendiler. Kuleli Vakası olarak bilinen bu örgütlenme, bir ihbar üzerine dağıtıldı (14 Eylül 1859), önderleri cezalandırıldı.

Bu sırada mâli durum da çıkmaza girmişti. Savaş giderlerini karşılamak üzere ağır koşullarla alınan dış borçların hazineye büyük yükü yanında padişahın ve sarayın sorumsuz harcamaları da durumu gittikçe ağırlaştırıyordu. Devlet, Kırım Savaşı sırasında ilk kez dışarıdan borç almak zorunda kalmıştı (24 Ağustos 1854). Bunu ikinci (1855), üçüncü (1858), dördüncü (1860), borçlanmaları izledi. Beyoğlu sarraflarından alınan borçlar da 80 milyon altın lirayı aştı. Bunlar için rehin verilen mücevherlerle borç senetlerinin bir bölümü yabancı tüccar ve bankerlerin eline geçti. Durumu sert biçimde eleştiren sadrazam Mehmet Emin Âli Paşa azledildi (18 Ekim 1859). Birleşik Krallık, Fransa, Avusturya, Prusya ve Rusya Bab-ı Âli'ye bir nota vererek, Islahat Fermanı'nda söz konusu edilen ıslahatların gerçekleştirilmesini istediler (Ekim 1859). Bunların sağlanması için ayrı ayrı müdahalede bulunacaklarını da belirttiler.

Nitekim Rusya ilk adımı atarak, Bosna-Hersek ve Bulgaristan'daki Hristiyanların durumunu uluslararası bir kurulun incelemesini istedi. Bu sorun çözülmeden, Lübnan olayları yeniden alevlendi (1860). Ardından Şam olayı patlak verdi. Hollanda ve Amerikan konsolosları bu karışıklıklar sırasında öldürüldü (1860). Hariciye nazırı Fuat Paşa, olağanüstü yetkili olarak Lübnan'a yollandı. Fransa, Beyrut'a asker çıkardı. 9 Haziran 1868'de Lübnan ayrıcalıklı sancak durumuna getirildi.

Mimari çalışmalar
Sultan Abdülmecid, dışarıdan aldığı borçların bir kısmıyla saray ve köşkler yaptırdı. Dolmabahçe Sarayı (1853), Beykoz Kasrı (1855), Küçüksu Kasrı (1857), Edirne Meriç Köprüsü (1847), Küçük Mecidiye Camii (1849), Teşvikiye Camii (1854) Hırka-i Şerif Camii (1851), döneminin başlıca yapıtlarıdır. Bezmiâlem Valide Sultan Gureba Hastanesi'ni yaptırdı (1845-1846). Yeni Galata Köprüsü de aynı tarihte hizmete girdi. Yine İstanbul'daki Mecidiyeköy semti adını ondan almıştır.

Ailesi
 II. Mahmud: Babası
 Bezmialem Sultan: Annesi
 Esma Sultan: Halası

Eşleri

Kadınefendileri
 Servetsezâ Kadınefendi: Başkadınefendi
 Şevkefza Valide Sultan: İkinci Kadınefendi ve V. Murad'ın annesi
 Tirimüjgan Kadınefendi: Üçüncü Kadınefendi ve II. Abdülhamid'in annesi
 Verdicenan Kadınefendi: Üçüncü Kadınefendi
 Düzdidil Kadınefendi: Üçüncü Kadınefendi
 Gülcemal Kadınefendi: Dördüncü Kadınefendi ve V. Mehmed Reşad'ın annesi
 Rahime Perestu Valide Sultan: Dördüncü Kadınefendi ve II. Abdülhamid'in manevi annesi
 Mahitab Kadınefendi: Beşinci Kadınefendi
 Bezmiara Kadınefendi: Altıncı Kadınefendi

İkballeri
 Nükhetsezâ Hanım: Baş İkbal
 Nesrin Hanım: İkinci İkbal
 Ceylânyar Hanım: İkinci İkbal
 Serfiraz Hanım: İkinci İkbal
 Nalândil Hanım: Üçüncü İkbal
 Gülüstü Hanım: Dördüncü İkbal ve VI. Mehmed'in annesi
 Nergizev Hanım: Dördüncü İkbal
 Navekmisal Hanım: Dördüncü ikbal
 Şayeste Hanım: Dördüncü İkbal

Gözdeler
 Feleksu Hanımefendi: 1. Gözde ve Zülüflü İsmail Paşa'nın annesi
 Yıldız Hanımefendi: 2. Gözde
 Saf-derun Hanımefendi: 4. Gözde
 Hüsn-i Cenan Hanımefendi: 3. Gözde

Erkek çocukları
 Zülüflü İsmail Paşa
V. Murad
 II. Abdülhamid
 V. Mehmed Reşad
 Ahmed Kemaleddin Efendi
 Mehmed Burhaneddin Efendi
 Ahmed Nureddin Efendi
 Süleyman Selim Efendi
 VI. Mehmed Vahdettin

Kız çocukları
 Fatma Sultan
 Refia Sultan
 Cemile Sultan
 Münire Sultan
 Behice Sultan
 Seniha Sultan
 Mediha Sultan
 Naile Sultan
 Bedia Sultan
 Samiye Sultan
 Şehime Sultan
 Sabiha Sultan
 Aliye Sultan
 Fehime Sultan
 Mühibe Sultan
 Mukbile Sultan
 Naime Sultan
 Neyyire Sultan
 Behiye Sultan
 Zekiye Sultan
 Nazime Sultan

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

  say.436-453

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1823 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu devlet görevlileri
1861 yılında ölenler
19. yüzyılda Osmanlı padişahları
19. yüzyıl liderleri
Tanzimat
Türkiye'de veremden ölenler
İstanbul'da enfeksiyon hastalıklarından ölenler
İstanbul'da defnedilenler
VikiProje Tarih kaynak bekleyen maddeler
İki kutsal caminin hizmetkârları

Abdülmecid


Arturo Pablo Ros Murgadas (Vinalesa, Espanha, 10 de junho de 1964) é bispo auxiliar de Valência.

Arturo Pablo Ros Murgadas foi ordenado sacerdote em 29 de junho de 1993 para a Arquidiocese de Valência.

Em 27 de junho de 2016, o Papa Francisco o nomeou Bispo Titular de Ursona e Bispo Auxiliar de Valência. O Arcebispo de Valência, Cardeal Antonio Cañizares Llovera, o consagrou em 3 de setembro de 2016; seus co-consagradores, o Arcebispo de Madri, Monsenhor Carlos Osoro e o também auxiliar emérito na sé valenciana, Monsenhor Esteban Escudero Torres.

Em 31 de outubro de 2023, o Papa Francisco o nomeou Bispo de Santander

Ver também

Bispos católicos da Espanha

Arturo Pablo Ros Murgadas


රුපගතකිරීමේ කලාකරුවන්ට හොදම සංකල්පිත සංගීත රුපරචනය සදහා ග්‍රැමියි සම්මාන ගෞරවය පිරිනමනු අතර 30 වැනි  ග්‍රැමියි සම්මානය 1988 සහ 31 වැනි ග්‍රැමියි සම්මානය 1989 පවත්වන ලදී. වාර්ශික ග්‍රැමී සම්මාන උත්සවය 1958 පිහිටවූ අතර එය ග්‍රැමෆෝන් සම්මාන යනුවෙන් හදුන්වන ලදී, එය පටිගතකිරීමේ කලාවන් සහ විද්‍යාවන් සඳහා වන ජාතික ඇකඩමිය විසින් "ගෞරු කලාත්මක ඉදිරිපත් කිරීම,තාක්ෂණික ප්‍රවීනත්වය සහ පටිගතකිරීමේ කර්මාන්තයේ සමස්ත විශිස්ටත්වය, ඇල්බම අලෙවිය හෝ  සටහන් වල පිහිටීම  සැලකීමෙන් තොරව " එය ඉදිරිපත් කරන ලදී.

ආරම්බය 1982 ය,ඇකඩමිය ආරම්බ කරන ලද්දේ ගරු ගුණාත්මක සංගීත රුපරචනයන් සහිත වාර්ෂික රුපරචනය ගනයෙනි.මෙම ගනය 1984 MTV සංගීත රුපරචන සම්මාන ඇරබුමෙන් පසු නවත්වා එය සම්මාන දෙකකට කරන ලදී: හොදම රුපරාචනය,කෙටි සහ හොදම රුපරචන ඇල්බමය.1988 සහ 1989 වර්ෂ වල උත්සවයේ තීරණ වල සිදුවුණු වෙනස්කම් නිසා හොඳම සංකල්ප සංගීත වීඩියෝව සඳහා වන සම්මානය, හොඳම  ප්‍රාසාංගික සංගීත වීඩියෝව සඳහා වන සම්මානය සමඟම පිරිනැමිණි.ජෙනිසිස් ඉංග්‍රීසි රොක් සංගීත කණ්ඩායම ලෑන්ඩ් ඔෆ් කන්ෆ්යුසන් සදහාද සහ ඇමරිකානු ගායක වියර්ඩ් ඇල් යන්කොවික් ෆැට් සදහා හොදම සංකල්පිත සංගීත රුපරචනය සදහා වන සම්මානය ලබාගන්නා ලදී.1990 දී ඇකඩමිය කලින් ආකෘතියට යන ලදී, නමුත් දැන් ගණයන් හොදම කෙටි සගීත රුපරචනය සහ හොදම දිගු සංගීත රුපරචනය වේ.

පසුතලය
ගරු ගුණාත්මක සංගීත රුපරචන සමග වාර්ෂික රූපගත කීරීම ගණය 1982 දී පටිගතකිරීමේ කලාවන් සහ විද්‍යාවන් සඳහා වන ජාතික ඇකඩමිය ආරම්බ කරන ලදී.පළමු සම්මාන දෙක මන්කීස් හි හිටපු සාමාජික මයිකල් නෙස්මිත් Elephant Parts දිගු රුපරචනයටද ඔලිවිය නිවුටන් ජෝන් Olivia Physical ට ලබාගත්තේය. 1984 දී MTV සංගීත රුපරචන සම්මාන ආරම්බයත් සමග වාර්ෂික රුපරචන ගණය නැවැත්තුවේය, හොදම සම්මානයද වර්ෂික රුපරචනයට පිරිනමන ලදී. ඇකඩමිය 26 වෙනි ග්‍රැමියි සම්මාන ආරම්බයේදී ගනයන් හොදම රුපරචනය සදහා සම්මානය , කෙටි සහ හොදම රුපරචන ඇල්බමය බවට වෙනස් කළේය.සම්මාන ප්‍රදානය  1988 සහ 1989 දී පැවැත්තුනේය,උපමාන වෙනස් වී ගරු ප්‍රදානයන් කරන ලද්දේ හොදම සංකල්ප සංගීත රුපරචනයට සහ හොදම ප්‍රසාංගික සංගීත රුපරචනයටය.1990 දී ඇකඩමිය කලින් ආකෘතිය වෙත යන ලදී,නමුත් ගණයන් හොදම සංගීත රුපරචනය,කෙටි සහ හොදම සංගීත රුපරචනය,දිගු ලෙස නම් වෙනස් කරන ලදී. 1998 දී ගණයන් නැවත නම් පිලිවෙලින් හොදම කෙටි සංගීත රුපරචනය සහ හොදම දිගු සංගීත රුපරචනය ලෙස වෙනස් කරන ලදී.

ප්‍රදානලාභීන්

30 වෙනි ග්‍රැමියි සම්මාන(1988) හි හොදම සංකල්පිත සංගීත රුපරචනය සදහා ඩේවිඩ් බෝවී "Day-In Day-Out" සදහාද,කෙට් බුෂ් Whole Story සදහාද , Genesis ඉංග්‍රීසි රොක් සංගීත කණ්ඩායම "Land of Confusion" සදහාද, ඩේවිඩ් ලී රොත්  David Lee Roth සදහා සහ ජැනට් ජැක්සන් Control – The Videos Part II සදහා නාමයෝජනා ලැබුවේය. බෝවිස් ගේ "Day-In Day-Out" සංගීත රුපරචනය,ජුලියන් ටෙම්පල් විසින් අධ්‍යක්ෂණය කර ඇත,එහි අන්තර්ගත වූ රොනල්ඩ් රේගන් ගේ Hollywood Walk of Fame තරුව මතට මිනිහෙක් මුත්‍රා කිරීමේ දර්ශනය පිළිකුල් සහගත බැවින් එය රුපවාහිනී ප්‍රචාරණයේදී එය සංස්කරණය කර ප්‍රචාරණය කරන ලදී. බුෂ්ගේ චිත්තොත්පාදක රුපරචන නියැදියන් සමග විශිෂ්ට අල්බමයන්ට එකම නම අන්තර්ගත කීරීම නිසා එම සංගීත රුපරචනයන් ඔහුගේ සංගීත ගමන දිගු කළේය. සංගීත රුපරචනයක් වූ "Land of Confusion",එහි සින්දුව 1986 Invisible Touch අල්බමයෙහි අඩංගු වුවකි,රේගන්ගේ Spitting Image රූකඩයක් ,මාග්‍රට් ටචර් සහ අනෙක් මිනිසුන් ඇතුලත් විය . David Lee Roth රුපරචනය නිර්මාණය කලේ ඔහුගේ පලමු ඉදිරිපත් කිරීම වන EP Crazy from the Heat සහ Eat 'Em and Smile ඇල්බමයෙනි. ජැක්සන්ගේ රුපරචන එකතුව ,එක්සත් ජනපදයේ රන් ලෙස සහතික කර ඇත ,එහි අන්තර්ගත වූ උසස් රුපරචනයන් හය singles ලෙස ඔහුගේ ඇල්බමයේ වාර්තාගත කරන ලදී. සම්මාන ප්‍රදානය කරන ලද්දේ Genesis සංගීත කණ්ඩායමේ සාමාජිකයන් (ටෝනි බන්ක්ස්, පිහිල් චොලින්ග්ස්, මයික් රද්ර්ෆර්ඩ්) වන ප්‍රසාංගික ශිල්පීන්,රුපරචන අද්‍යක්ෂනය කල ජිම් යුකිච් සහ ලියෝඩ් ,තවද රුපරචන නිෂ්පාදක ජෝන් බ්ලෙයාර් ටය.

31 වැනි ග්‍රැමියි සම්මාන සදහා හම්ටෝන් ස්ට්‍රින්ගේ "Get a Job" සදහාද , Beatles හි හිටපු සාමාජික ජෝර්ජ් හැරිසන් ගේ "We Was Fab" සදහාද ,ඇමරිකානු රොක් සංගීත කණ්ඩායමක් වන Talking Heads හි Storytelling Giant සදහාද ,වියර්ඩ් ඇල යන්කොවික්  "Fat" සදහාද සහ නෙයිල් යන්ග් "This Note's for You" සදහාද නාමයෝජනා ලැබුවේය. "Get a Job" සින්දුව මුලින්ම  The Silhouettes ඇමරිකානු කණ්ඩායමේ පළවුණේ Hampton String Quartet ඇල්බමයෙන් කෙසේවෙතත් මෝසාර්ට් රචනාකළ "Roll Over Beethoven", R&B සහ පොප් සන්ගීතවල එකතුව ඉදිරිපත් කරන ශ්ලියන්  Beethoven, Debussy, Mozart සහ අනෙක් රචකයන්ගේ විය .  "When We Was Fab" ගීතය Cloud Nine ඇල්බමයෙනි,එය නිර්මාණය වුනේ Beatles හි ප්‍රසිද්ද හැරිසන් සිතාරය වාදනය කිරීමය. එම සංගීත රුපරචනයේ එල්ටන් ජෝන් මුහදු ඇතෙකු ලෙස සරසි සිටි. කතාවේ කියවෙන්නේ අති විශාල කතා කරන ඔලු එකතුවක් සංගීත රුපරචනය පුරා එකදිගට එකතුව පවතී . නාමයෝජනා ලැබූ සංගීත රුපරචන දෙකේ මයිකල් ජැක්සන්ට සම්බන්දතාවක් ඇත :"Fat" එක ජැක්සන්ගේ "Bad" හි parody cover පිටපතයි ,සහ "This Note's for You" රුපරචන්යේ අන්තර්ගතවූ ජැක්සන්  look-alike ගේ කොණ්ඩයට ගින්දර ඇල්ලීම(මෙම හාස්‍යජනක අවස්ථාව ඇතිවුනේ ජැක්සන් 1984 දී Pepsi වෙළදදැන්න්වීමක් රූගතකරන විටය) "FAT" රුපරචන්යේ යන්කොවික්, අංගරාග සහ විශේෂ ප්‍රයෝග  භාවිතයෙන් තරබාරු පුද්ගලයෙක් බවට පිම්බී තරබාරු පුද්ගලයන් පිරිසක් මෙහෙයවනවා. යන්කොවික් රංගන ශිල්පියාට අදාල සම්මානය ලබාගත්තේය, ඒ අතර ජේ ලිවේ රුපරචන අද්‍යක්ෂනයට ද සහ සුසාන් ෂර්මන් රුපරචන අද්‍යක්ෂනය ද විය.

මේවත් බලන්න
 Latin Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video
 Latin Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video
 List of awards and nominations received by Genesis
 List of Grammy Award categories
 List of songs by "Weird Al" Yankovic

යොමුව

General
  Note: User must select the "Music Video" category as the genre under the search feature.

Specific

බාහිර සබැඳි
 Official site of the Grammy Awards
 YouTube "Weird Al" Yankovic – Fat

Category:Grammy Award categories|Grammy Award for Best Concept Music Video

හොදම සංකල්පිත සංගීත රුපරචනය සදහා ග්‍රැමී සම්මානය


Teri is a given name.

Teri may also refer to:

 Teri, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a village and Union Council in Karak District, Pakistan
 Teri, Leh, a village in India
 Teries, people from Hawick, Scotland
 The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), an Indian research institute
 TERI University, India
 Teri (geology), a coastal dune complex in southeastern India

See also
 Terri
 Terry (disambiguation)
 Teresa (disambiguation)

Teri (disambiguation)


Ernest Belfort Bax (d. 23 Temmuz 1854 - ö. 26 Kasım 1926) Büyük Britanya'da Sosyal Demokratik Federasyon ile ilişkili sosyalist bir gazeteci ve filozof.

Leamington'da nonkonformist dindar bir ailede doğan Bax, Almanya'da felsefe tahsil ederken Marksizm ile tanıştı. Marx'ın fikirleriyle Kant, Schopenhauer ve Hartmann'ınkileri bir araya getirdi. Sosyalizm'in muhtemel metafizik ve etik uzantılarını keşfetmekte istekli olan Bax, kişisel ve toplumsal ve bilişsel (cognitive) ve duygusal (emotional) arasındaki karşıt çiftliği-dikotomi (dichotomy) yok etme amacıyla bir "sosyalizm dini"ni tarif etmeye girişti. Özgür işçileri küçük (petty) burjuvazinin ahlakçılığı olarak gördüğü organize dinden uzaklaştırma amacında olan ateşli bir ateistti.

Berlin'e giden Bax, Evening Standard'da gazetecilik yaptı. 1882'de İngiltere'ye döndüğünde SDF'ye katıldı ancak 1885'de hayal kırıklığına uğradı ve William Morris ile birlikte Sosyalist Parti'den ayrıldı. Anarşistlerin parti üzerinde kontrolleri ellerine geçirmelerinden sonra SDF'ye tekrar katıldı ve partinin gazetesi Justice'nin editörü ve partinin baş teorisyeni oldu. Partinin Labour Representation Committee'ye katılmasına karşı çıktı ve sonunda parti üyelerini komiteden ayrılmaya ikna etti.

Bax, tüm yaşamı boyunca ekonomik koşulları sosyalizmin olgunlaşması için gerekli gördü ancak bu ilerlemenin çalışan sınıfların eğitiminin eksikliğinden dolayı engellendiğini hissetmişti.

Başlangıçta aşırı bir milliyetçilik karşıtı olan Bax, I. Dünya Savaşı'nda İngiltere'yi desteklemeye başladı fakat bu desteğe kadar mesleği avukatlığa yoğunlaşmış ve politikayla çok az ilgilenmişti.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Maskülizm

Kaynakça
İngilizce Wikipedia Ernest Belfort Bax maddesi çevirisi.

Dış bağlantılar
 Spartacus
 Biyografi

1854 doğumlular
1926 yılında ölenler
İngiliz gazeteciler
İngiliz sosyalistler
İngiliz ateistler

Ernest Belfort Bax


An Carex echinochloe in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Gustav Kunze. An Carex echinochloe in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 C. e. echinochloe
 C. e. nyasensis

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex echinochloe


Creemore Springs is a brewery in Creemore, Ontario, Canada, which first opened in 1987. It was founded by John Wiggins, and its flagship brew was a premium amber lager brewed with specialty malts, fire brewed in a copper kettle. In 2005, it was acquired by Molson, a subsidiary of the seventh largest (at the time) brewery corporation in the world, Molson Coors Brewing Company.

The brewery is known for not using preservatives during the brew process or pasteurizing afterwards. Because of this, it recommends perpetual refrigeration. The brewery states that it uses only four ingredients in its brewing process: malted barley, hops, water, and yeast. These are the four ingredients allowed to be in beer according to the Bavarian Purity Law, which all Creemore Springs beers follow. The brewery uses water exclusively from an artesian well in its brewing process. The water comes from the Creemore Spring located on one of the founder's property. It is trucked from the source to the brewery daily in 10,000 L truckloads; each truckload contains enough water to brew one batch. The beer is brewed in small batches.

Its flagship premium lager is an American amber with affinities to a Czech pilsener.

It was the second Ontario brewer – after Hockley Valley – to offer its product for sale in cans.

In March 2016, Creemore Springs opened Batch, a 2,500-square-foot 'gastrobrewery' (serving beer and food); this location is making six small-batch beers on site.

In 2009, Creemore Springs applied for planning permission to expand its plant by 60% to triple its brewing capacity to 150,000 hL per year. The location of such a large industrial plant in downtown Creemore generated debate. Subsequently, the company loss its status as a member of the Ontario Craft Brewers Association. Considering that aspect, and the ownership by a multi-national, the expansion into Quebec (marketing but not brewing in that province, since 2013), as well as the volume of beer produced, Creemore Springs may no longer be categorized as a craft brewery.

In 2019, Creemore Springs introduced a new logo and package design, its first major branding change since the brewery was founded. The change was controversial, and even received criticism from John Wiggins, the brewery's founder.

Products
 Premium Lager
Lot 9 Pilsner
Boundless IPA
Mad & Noisy Lagered Ale
Mad & Noisy Orange Pale Ale
Mad & Noisy Coconut Porter

See also
 Beer in Canada
 List of breweries in Canada

References

Beer brewing companies based in Ontario
Canadian beer brands
Companies based in Ontario
Molson Coors Beverage Company

Creemore Springs


Kosar Asaseh est une taekwondoïste iranienne.

Biographie
Kosar Asaseh est médaillée de bronze dans la catégorie des moins de 62 kg aux Championnats du monde féminins de taekwondo 2021 à Riyad.

Références

Liens externes

Taekwondoïste iranienne

Kosar Asaseh


John Anthony Burns (March 30, 1909 – April 5, 1975) was an American politician. Burns was born in Montana and became a resident of Hawaii in 1913.  He served as the second governor of Hawaii from 1962 to 1974.

Early life

John Burns was born in Fort Assinniboine, Montana, on March 30, 1909. He was the eldest son of Anne and Harry Burns. Christened Harry John Burns, as a teenager he changed his name to John Anthony Burns. Burns' father was in the army and was ordered to Fort Shafter in Hawaii, so in 1913 he and his family moved to Hawaii, and eventually to Kalihi. Harry Burns became overwhelmed with responsibility for four children and left the family in 1919. Burns' mother became a launderer for Tripler Army Medical Center. Burns took care of his siblings and attended Saint Louis School, while his mother worked. She joined the Postal Service, and with the help of her brother, became postmaster for Fort Shafter and a clerk at the Honolulu Post office. In 1925 Anne sent John to live with her brother in Kansas, where Jack Scally served as a father figure. In Kansas he attended Immaculata High School in Leavenworth, then transferred to St. Benedict High School (now Maur Hill – Mount Academy) in Atchison. In 1927 Burns dropped out of high school and joined the army, but did not like taking orders. He was honorably discharged after one year. Burns returned to Hawaii, waiting a semester to attend Saint Louis School and eventually graduate in 1930.

Political career
Burns' work as a police officer helped him build close ties with working class people from numerous ethnic groups, notably Japanese and native Hawaiians.  While a police officer in Honolulu, his first political efforts arose from his work with the Police Benevolent Society. From 1948 he led the Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954, through various leadership positions in the territorial Democratic Party, culminating in being chair of the territorial party in 1952. He is credited with building a coalition for the Democratic Party that included the Communist Party, 442nd Regimental Combat Team veterans, ILWU, other organized labor groups, and Japanese Americans to strengthen the party. In 1956, he was elected a party delegate from Hawaii. As a delegate, Burns played a key role in lobbying for Hawaii statehood, a goal that was achieved on March 12, 1959, when the statehood bill was signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. He sought to become the first governor of the newly formed state, but lost the election to Territorial Governor William F. Quinn.

Governorship
Three years later in 1962, Burns won the election to become governor. Governor Burns played a leading role in stimulating the state economy and attracting foreign tourism and investment.  His many achievements include the promotion of Hawaii as a center for oceanography, construction of the new State Capitol building, and expansion of the University of Hawaii, helping to transform it into a first-class university, attracting students and faculty from around the world and early planning for the construction of the Aloha Stadium to host university football and bowl games.  Burns supported the construction of an expanded Honolulu International Airport with a new reef-runway and the construction of Interstate H-3.

Additionally, he supported planning for the future by establishing the Hawaii Commission on the Year 2000, which ultimately led to the development of the Quality Growth Policy for the State of Hawaii. Both the Commission on the Year 2000 and Hawaii's Quality Growth Policy were intended to supplement Hawaii's State Land-Use Plan. Finally, Governor Burns made Hawaii a leader in environmental management, establishing the Office of Environmental Quality Control, within the Governor's Office, to coordinate state environmental policy and to review environmental impact statements on all major state actions.

Burns was re-elected in 1966 and 1970, each time with a different lieutenant governor as his running mate. In 1966, he was elected governor with Lieutenant Governor Thomas Gill. During his term as lieutenant governor, Gill, considered outspoken and acerbic, developed differences with Burns, and was never shy about criticizing the incumbent, despite being part of his administration. In 1970, Gill challenged Burns in the Democratic primary. Gill ran as a reformer, campaigning against what he described as an entrenched, corrupt political machine. He narrowly lost, even though Burns significantly outspent him in a savvy campaign that included sophisticated use of expensive image-building television spots. Most in the state's large Japanese population remained loyal to Burns, who had spearheaded their rise to political power during the 1950s. Before Neil Abercrombie lost in 2014 this race stood as the closest anyone came to a primary defeat of an incumbent governor of Hawaii. Burns' running-mate in 1970, George Ariyoshi, ran to succeed Burns as governor in 1974, defeating Gill in the Democratic primary.

Later life and death
Burns became ill from cancer to the point of incapacity in October 1973. Burns' third elected lieutenant governor, George Ariyoshi, became acting governor through the end of Burns' third term. Ariyoshi was elected in his own right as governor for the term beginning in 1974.  Burns died on April 5, 1975, in Honolulu.

Legacy
The John A. Burns School of Medicine, at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, is named for him. In 1997, Governor Ben Cayetano named the newly completed Interstate H-3 in his honor, and the road to the summit of Mauna Kea is also named after him. A Hawaii golf tournament, comprising the state's best amateurs and PGA professionals, was created in his honor. The Governor's Cup is a team event, and is played between the amateurs against the professionals. A special qualifier for the amateur team after the tournament will provide the medalist a chance to play in the Sony Open in Hawaii, a PGA Tour Event.

References

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1909 births
1975 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Deaths from cancer in Hawaii
Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from the Territory of Hawaii
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Hawaii
Democratic Party governors of Hawaii
Military personnel from Montana
Nonviolence advocates
People from Hill County, Montana
State political party chairs of Hawaii
Burials in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

John A. Burns


ප‍්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනය අනිවාර්ය අධ්‍යාපනයේ ප‍්‍රථම අදියර වේ. පෙර පාසැල එයට පූර්වගාමී වන අතර ද්විතීය අධ්‍යාපනය ප‍්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනයට පසුව පැමිණේ. උතුරු අමෙරිකාවේ මෙම අධ්‍යාපන අවදිය මූලික අධ්‍යාපනය වශයෙන් සාමාන්‍යයෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැබේ.

බොහෝ රටවල ප‍්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනය ලබාගැනීම දරුවන්ට අනිවාර්ය වන අතර එය ලබාදීම සඳහා කි‍්‍රයා කිරීමට දෙමාපියන් නීතිමය වශයෙන් බැදී සිටී. ද්විතීය පාසැලට හෝ උසස් පාසැලට මාරුවීම සිය කැමැත්ත පරිදි සිදුවන නමුත් එය වයස අවුරුදු එකොලහේදී හෝ දොළහේදී සිදුවෙයි. ඇතැම් අධ්‍යාපන පද්ධති අනුව වෙන්ව පිහිටි මධ්‍යම පාසැල් ඇත. වයස අවුරුදු දහහතරේදී පමණ එහිදී අවසාන අධ්‍යයන අදියරට සංක‍්‍රමණය විය හැකිය.

ප‍්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනයේ ප‍්‍රධාන අරමුණු වනුයේ සිසුන්ට මූලික භාෂාමය හා ගණිතමය හැකියාව ලබාදිමත් විද්‍යාව, භූගෝලවිද්‍යාව, ඉතිහාසය සහ වෙනත් සමාජයීය විද්‍යා විෂයයන් සඳහා පදනම් දැනුමක් සැපයීමත් ය. එහෙත් ප‍්‍රමුඛත්වය දිය යුතු ක්ෂේත‍්‍ර කවරේද යන්න සහ ඒවා ඉගැන්විමේදී අනුගමනය කළයුතු ක‍්‍රමවේදය කුමක්ද යන්න විවාදාත්මකය.

ප‍්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනය සම්පූර්ණකර උසස් හෝ ද්විතීයික පාසැලකට ප‍්‍රවේශවන තෙක් ක‍්‍රමයෙන් උසස් කෙරෙන පන්ති සහිත පාසැලකින් එය ලබාදීම පවත්නා තත්වයයි. දරුවාගේ අධ්‍යාපනය මෙන් ම ශුභසාධනය ද සඳහා වගකීම දරන එක ගුරුවරයෙකු යටතේ වර්ෂයක පමණ කාලයක් පුරා දරුවා ගත කරයි. සංගීතය හා ශාරීරික අධ්‍යාපනය වැනි ඇතැම් විෂයයන් පිළිබඳ විශේෂඥ ගුරුවරුන්ගේ සහාය මෙම කාලය තුළදී එකී ගුරුවරයාට ලැබේ. මේ අනුව ප‍්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපන ක‍්‍රමයේ විශේෂ ලක්ෂණය වනුයේ එක ම ගුරුවරයෙකු යටතේ ඉගෙනීමත් පන්තිය සමග සමිප සම්බන්ධතා ගොඩනගා ගැනීමට අවස්ථාව උදාවීමත් ය.

සාම්ප‍්‍රදායිකව මුල් අධ්‍යාපනයේ අත්‍යාවශ්‍ය අංගයක් වනුයේ විවිධාකාර ශාරීරික දඬුවම් ය. මෑතක සිට මෙම ක‍්‍රමයට විරෝධය පළවී ඇති අතර බොහෝ රටවල විශේෂයෙන් බටහිර රටවල ඒවා නීතියට පටහැනි කි‍්‍රයා සේ සැලකේ.

දරුවෙකු ගේ අනාගතය තීරණය වන මූලික අඩිතාලම ලෙස ප්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපන ක්‍රමය හදුන්වා දීය හැක.

සටහන්

මනෝ විද්‍යාව

ප‍්‍රාථමික අධ්‍යාපනය


The National Certificate is a  higher education qualification in a technology discipline offered by higher institutions across the globe. Each country has its own specifications about the certificate.

Ireland

The National Certificate () was a two-year broadly based higher education qualification in a technology discipline offered by an Institute of Technology or a HETAC-designated institution in Ireland. The certificate generally exempts a student from the first year of a four-year university Bachelor's degree or the first two years of an ab initio National Diploma in Ireland. The certificates are often in business, engineering and science, with most entrants being school leavers and presenting a Leaving Certificate or similar educational achievement. Many students continue education and transfer to a National Diploma course or a Bachelor's degree.

The first National Certificates in Ireland were awarded in 1972 at five Regional Technical Colleges. Since June 2006 and the implementation of the National Framework of Qualifications, the National Certificate has been replaced by the Higher Certificate in a number of similar disciplines.

United Kingdom

England, Wales and Northern Ireland

In the educational systems of England and Wales and Northern Ireland, the National Certificate is a standard vocational further education qualification. It is usually rated at Level 3 on the National Qualifications Framework and is equivalent to A-level, BTEC Extended Diploma or NVQ Level 3 standard.

Scotland

National Certificate courses in Scotland are a one-year course offered by Technical Colleges. They are typically used to progress on to a Higher National Certificate or similar degree course, although a National Certificate is still a recognised qualification on its own.

Mauritius

In Mauritius, the National Certificate is a vocational qualification, with a level mapped to the National Qualifications Framework (NQF).

See also
Education in the Republic of Ireland
Education in Scotland

References

Professional titles and certifications
Education in the Republic of Ireland
Educational qualifications in the United Kingdom
Educational qualifications in Ireland

National Certificate


Die evangelisch-lutherische Kirche St. Nikolai, in Hamburg-Billwerder direkt am Billwerder Billdeich gelegen, ist der neueste Kirchenbau an einer Stelle, an der seit dem 13. Jahrhundert Kirchen urkundlich erwähnt werden.

Frühere Kirchengebäude
Die Informationen über die Kirchengebäude vor 1737 sind sehr lückenhaft. Urkundliche Nachweise einer Kirche in Billwerder stammen  zwar bereits aus den Jahren 1251 und 1331, aber erst im Jahre 1402 wird St. Nikolai zum ersten Mal als eigenständige Pfarrkirche erwähnt. Bis zum 18. Jahrhundert finden sich vielfach Berichte über schwere Schäden durch Stürme am vorhandenen Gebäude. Die Kirche hat wahrscheinlich eine Kanzel von Hein Baxmann besessen, ein Auftrag an ihn ist für 1632 nachgewiesen.

Die ältesten erhaltenen Stücke aus diesen Kirchen sind zwei Holzskulpturen, die heute im Museum für hamburgische Geschichte stehen. Eine stellt den Evangelisten Johannes dar und die andere aus dem Jahre 1520 den hl. Nikolaus als Namensgeber.

Heutige Kirche und ihr Vorgängerbau
Als die alte Kirche endgültig als baufällig eingestuft wurde, entstand 1737 bis 1739 durch Johannes Nicolaus Kuhn ein städtisch anmutendes Kirchenschiff neben dem damals noch existierenden freistehenden hölzernen Glockenturm. Das Kirchenschiff unterschied sich bereits damals stark von dem anderer Kirchen in den Marschlanden, da sich reiche Hamburger Kaufleute in Billwerder Sommerresidenzen geschaffen hatten und Wert auf eine Kirche mit städtischem Flair legten. Pastor war damals Johann Andreas Geismer. Für die Einweihungsfeier gaben die Billwerder Landherren Cornelius Poppe und Paul Jenisch bei dem damaligen Hamburger Musikdirektor Georg Philipp Telemann ein Oratorium in Auftrag ("Siehe da! Eine Hütte Gottes bei den Menschen" TWV 2:3), zu dem Michael Richey den Text lieferte, in dem er auch vor Kritik an den Hamburger "Sommerfrischlern" nicht zurückschreckte.

Bereits 1771 erlebte die neue Kirche ihr erstes Hochwasser, bei dem das Wasser nach einem Deichbruch von Juli bis September knietief im Kirchenschiff stand. Erst 1884 ersetzte man den alten Turm durch den neuen 56 m hohen, schlanken neobarocken Turm, den der Architekt Otto Ritscher konstruierte.

Die Kirche brannte am 5. September 1911 bei Lötarbeiten im Turm bis auf die Umfassungsmauern ab. Das brennende Kirchenschiff sah Justus Brinckmann, der in Bergedorf wohnende Direktor des Museums für Kunst und Gewerbe vom Zug aus. Er zog die Notbremse, stieg aus und eilte querfeldein zur Kirche. Mitreisende erinnern, dass er "Der Altar!" gerufen hatte.
Der Wiederaufbau als Barockbau in Anlehnung an die alten Pläne erfolgte 1911 bis 1913 unter der Leitung von Fernando Lorenzen. Dabei wurden das Gewölbe des Kirchenschiffs und der Turmhelm feuersicher aus Stahlbeton errichtet. Das Hauptgebäude ist heute ein Backsteinsaal mit Tonnendecke und fünfseitigem Chorabschluss. Die so erwünschte Höhenwirkung wird durch den Kanzelaltar im Osten und die Orgel im Westen noch gesteigert.

1978 wurden umfangreiche Renovierungsarbeiten erforderlich, in deren Verlauf auch die heutigen vier Buntglasfenster im Altarbereich eingebaut wurden, die Scheibenreste aus alten Bleiglasfenstern enthalten. Alle anderen Fenster wurden mit hellen Scheiben versehen.

Ausstattung

Von der ursprünglichen Ausstattung von 1740 sind zwei Stücke des Bildhauers Christoph Gruber erhalten, der Taufstein aus schwarzem Marmor und die Skulptur des heiligen Nikolaus über dem Eingang. Der Altar-Kanzelbereich ist mit Figuren der vier Evangelisten geschmückt, auf den Bodenfliesen ist der Fisch als das frühe Symbol der Christenheit dargestellt. Die Kirche besitzt ein Epitaph für den preußischen General Gustav von Manstein, der in Billwerder die letzten Jahre seines Lebens verbrachte.

Der heutige Altar ist ein Werk des Bildhauers August Henneberger aus dem Jahr 1913. Er wurde dem vor dem Brand vorhandenen Altar nachempfunden und präsentiert sich als ein für die Barockzeit typischer Kanzelaltar. Durch die verwendete Symbolik mit Bildern der Evangelisten und bekannter Pastoren der Gemeinde wird der jeweils Predigende in eine Gemeinschaft mit den Evangelisten und seinen Amtsvorgängern gestellt.

Am ehemaligen Pastorat Billwerder Billdeich 140 erinnert eine Bronzeplakette an den hier geborenen Pastorensohn und Chemiker Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge.

Glocken
Während des Ersten Weltkriegs mussten die damals vorhandenen drei Bronzeglocken, die zusammen über 3 Tonnen wogen, für Rüstungszwecke abgegeben werden. 1919 erhielt die Kirche drei auf die Töne es, ges und b gestimmte Stahlglocken aus der Giesserei Franz Schilling. Diese wurden wiederum 1986 durch neue Bronzeglocken ersetzt.

Ihre Inschriften lauten:
 Ehern war ich, stählern ward ich, Frieden erfleh ich
 Aus der Tiefe rufe ich, Herr, zu dir
 O Land, Land, höre des Herrn Wort,

Orgel
Orgeln gibt es in den Kirchen an dieser Stelle nachweislich seit 1627. Dem Abbruch des Kirchengebäudes 1737 sind jedoch auch alle älteren Orgeln zum Opfer gefallen.

1739 erhielt die Kirche eine Orgel aus der Werkstatt von Johann Dietrich Busch. 1870 wurde von Christian Heinrich Wolfsteller eine neue Orgel eingebaut, die auf Grund des Brandes nicht mehr erhalten ist. Die 1911 von Paul Rother vollständig neu konstruierte und 1980/1981 von G. F. Steinmeyer & Co. renovierte Orgel wurde eine Etage tiefer als ihre Vorgängerin eingebaut und soll deren Disposition weitgehend übernommen haben. Bei dieser Renovierung wurde die vorher rein pneumatische Traktur elektrifiziert und ein neuer Spieltisch eingebaut. Dieser Eingriff veränderte darüber hinaus auch die ursprünglichen Spielhilfen. Die heutige Disposition lautet:

 Koppeln:
 Normalkoppeln: I/II, I/P, II/P
 Superoktavkoppeln: I/II, II
 Spielhilfen: 2 freie Kombinationen, Organo Pleno

Friedhof
Friedhof und Kirche bilden auch heute noch eine Einheit, die im nördlichen Teil reich mit Bäumen und Hecken gegliedert ist, um im Süden offener zu werden und scheinbar in die Weide- und Wiesenlandschaft zur Elbe hin überzugehen. Insgesamt wirken Kirch- und Friedhof großzügiger als bei vielen anderen Kirchen der Marschen.

Unter den historischen Grabmalen nordöstlich der Kirche befindet sich auch der reliefgeschmückte Findling des Grabes von Gustav von Manstein. An die Geschichte von Seefahrt und Waljagd erinnert ein Walfängergrab von 1736, von dem noch Reste des Torbogens aus Walkieferknochen vorhanden sind, die heute jedoch innerhalb der Kirche aufbewahrt werden.

Fotografien und Karte

Siehe auch
 Liste der Friedhöfe in Hamburg
 Liste weiterer Kirchen, die nach dem heiligen Nikolaus benannt sind.

Literatur

 Ina-Maria Schertel: 250 Jahre Billwerder Kirche. In Lichtwark Nr. 53. Hrsg. Lichtwark-Ausschuß, Bergedorf 1989. (Siehe jetzt: Verlag HB-Werbung, Hamburg-Bergedorf. ).

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Homepage der Gemeinde

 private Chronik Bergedorfs und der Vier- und Marschlande

Kulturdenkmal in Hamburg-Billwerder
Nikolai Billwerder
Nikolaikirche Billwerder
Hamburg, Nikolai Billwerder
Hamburg, Nikolai Billwerder
Nikolaikirche Billwerder
Hamburg, Nikolai Billwerder
Hamburg Billwerder
Kirchengebäude in Europa
Bauwerk im Bezirk Bergedorf

St. Nikolai (Hamburg-Billwerder)


PV Cycle est un organisme sans but lucratif qui gère la fin de vie des panneaux photovoltaïques, systèmes associés et autres déchets électroniques en Union européenne et pays proches. Il est fondé en 2007 à Bruxelles.

Fonctionnement
PV Cycle est fondé comme organisme sans but lucratif en 2007 et regroupe alors 30 fabricants et importateurs européens de systèmes solaires photovoltaïques, représentant 70 % du marché européen. Il met en place des systèmes de collecte et de recyclage des panneaux photovoltaïques en fin de vie. Il vise alors à collecter un minimum de 65 % des modules photovoltaïques en fin de vie et à en recycler 85 %

L'organisme, sis à Bruxelles, compte  acteurs du secteur en 2011 et dit alors représenter 90 % du marché européen.

Sans but lucratif, PV Cycle est financé par ses membres.

Activités
Les activités de PV Cycle comprennent la gestion des déchets individuels et collectifs (c'est-à-dire leur collecte et leur traitement), la certification, le conseil et la représentation. Il a élargi son activité initiale aux services proposés hors du domaine photovoltaïque, mais la collecte des panneaux solaires reste gratuite pour leurs propriétaires.

PV Cycle possède 170 points de collecte répartis dans plusieurs pays européens en 2011, puis 329 en 2021. Les modules qu'il traite proviennent en 2011 pour 43 % d'Allemagne, suivie par l'Espagne (19 %), l'Italie (14 %), la Pologne (9 %), la Belgique (7 %), la France (4 %) et le Royaume-Uni (0,19 %). Il précise que 95 à 98 % des modules reçus ont été endommagés au cours de leur transport ou de leur installation, ou ont subi une panne technique au cours de leur première année de fonctionnement. Un taux de valorisation de 94,7 % est annoncé pour un module photovoltaïque ayant un cadre en aluminium.

Selon PV Cycle, la valeur ajoutée d'un système collectif consiste principalement à optimiser la logistique et à limiter l'impact environnemental.

En Italie, le prestataire italien de recyclage de PV Cycle Italia a été impliqué en 220 dans une affaire d'export illégal de déchets vers l'Afrique ayant déclenché une opération anti-mafia.

En France, par arrêté du 24 décembre 2014, la France a agréé la société PV Cycle France pour la gestion de la fin de vie de ses panneaux. Cette société a fonctionné entre 2014 et 2021 sous licence de marque PV Cycle. En 2021, PV Cycle France se renomme Soren. Soren y a collecté, en 2019,  de panneaux usagés, poids qui devrait dépasser  en 2040, à mesure que les installations arriveront en fin de vie.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes
  Site de PV Cycle
 Soren, éco-organisme français pour les panneaux photovoltaïques usagés
 Eco-PV, consortium italien pour les panneaux photovoltaïques usagés
 Cobat, consortium italien pour la collecte des DEE dont les panneaux photovoltaïques usagés
 Recyclia, fondation espagnole pour la collecte des DEEE dont les panneaux photovoltaïques usagés
 WEEE Ireland, système collectif irlandais pour la collecte des DEEE dont les panneaux photovoltaïques usagés
 ElektroEko, système collectif polonais pour la collecte des DEEE dont les panneaux photovoltaïques usagés
 Fotokiklosi, système collectif grec pour la collecte des DEEE dont les panneaux photovoltaïques usagés
 Sens eRecycling, système collectif suisse pour la collecte des DEEE dont les panneaux photovoltaïques usagés
 .

Articles connexes
 Capteur solaire photovoltaïque
 Énergie solaire photovoltaïque
 Cellule photovoltaïque
 Électricité en Europe
 Énergie en Europe
 Gestion des déchets
 Récupération de déchets
 Déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques

Énergie solaire photovoltaïque
Association ou organisme lié aux énergies renouvelables
Gestion des déchets

PV Cycle


A counter pen is a pen designed to be affixed to the counter or table of an institution, such as a bank or a post office, typically by a chain, ball chain or plastic cord, making it less likely that the pen will be accidentally or purposefully removed.

A 1938 issue of The Bankers Monthly describes the concept: "The pen also gives a better write than the ordinary counter pen. The ink stand cannot be stolen, for it is fastened to the counter or desk. Besides, a chain between pen and stand prevents anyone from wandering away with the pen."

See also
 List of pen types, brands and companies

References

Pens

Counter pen


1. ŽNL Zadarska u sezoni 2019./20. predstavlja prvi stupanj županijske lige u Zadarskoj županiji, te ligu četvrtog ranga hrvatskog nogometnog prvenstva. U natjecanju sudjeluje četrnaest klubova koji igraju dvokružnu ligu (26 kola).
Kao posljedica pandemije COVID-19 u svijetu i Hrvatskoj, u ožujku 2020. je došlo do prekida odigravanja nogometnih natjecanja u Hrvatskoj
7. svibnja 2020. Nogometni savez Zadarske županije, je sukladno postojećim odlukama Hrvatskog nogometnog saveza i MNO NS Split odluku o konačnom prekidu natjecanja, te se postojeće stanje i poredak uzimaju kao konačni.

U trenutku prekida vodeća momčad lige je bio "Hrvatski Vitez" iz Posedarja, te je proglašen prvakom.
Odigrano je 15 od planiranih 26 kola.

Sudionici
 Arbanasi, Zadar
 Bibinje, Bibinje
 Dalmatinac, Crno, Zadar
 Dragovoljac, Poličnik
 Hajduk, Pridraga, Novigrad
 Hrvatski Vitez, Posedarje
 Nova Zora, Sveti Filip i Jakov
 Pakoštane, Pakoštane
 Polača, Polača
 Sabunjar, Privlaka
 Škabrnja '91, Škabrnja
 Velebit, Benkovac
 Zemunik, Zemunik Donji
 Zlatna Luka, Sukošan

Ljestvica

 Liga prekinuta nakon 15. kola

Rezultatska križaljka
'' Ažurirano: 11. lipnja 2020. (do odigranog 15. kola - završno)

 Izvori:

Najbolji strijelci

Unutrašnje poveznice
 1. ŽNL Zadarska
 2. ŽNL Zadarska 2019./20.
 3. HNL – Jug 2019./20.
 1. ŽNL Dubrovačko-neretvanska 2019./20.
 1. ŽNL Splitsko-dalmatinska 2019./20.
 ŽNL Šibensko-kninska 2019./20.

Vanjske poveznice
 nszz-zadar.hr, Nogometni savez Zadarske županije

Izvori
 rsssf.com, Croatia 2019/20, 1. ŽNL
 nszz-zadar.hr, Službeno glasilo NSZŽ, br. 09, god. XVII (15. kolo - rezultati i ljestvica - završno), objavljeno 11. ožujka 2020., preuzeto 10. lipnja 2020.
 nszz-zadar.hr, Glasnici 2019, pristupljeno 10. lipnja 2020.
 nszz-zadar.hr, Glasnici 2020, pristupljeno 10. lipnja 2020.

2019-20
Zadarska-1

1. ŽNL Zadarska 2019./20.


The Santa Susana Mountains are a transverse range of mountains in Southern California, north of the city of Los Angeles, in the United States. The range runs east-west, separating the San Fernando and Simi valleys on its south from the Santa Clara River Valley to the north and the Santa Clarita Valley to the northeast. The Oxnard Plain is to the west of the Santa Susana Mountains.

Description

Geography
The Newhall Pass separates the Santa Susana Mountains from the San Gabriel Mountains to the east. Newhall Pass is the major north-south connection between the San Fernando and Santa Clarita valleys, and Interstate 5 and a railroad line share Newhall Pass. The Santa Susana Pass (containing SR 118) connects the Simi and San Fernando valleys, and separates the Santa Susana Mountains from the Simi Hills to the south. Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park is located in the Simi Hills, just south of the Santa Susana Pass, at the northwestern edge of the San Fernando Valley. The Santa Susana Mountains are not as steep or high as the San Gabriel Mountains.

The western half of the range lies in Ventura County, and the eastern half lies in Los Angeles County. The southeastern slopes of the Santa Susana Mountains are part of the City of Los Angeles, and housing subdivisions, including Porter Ranch, have been built on the lower slopes of the range. The city of Simi Valley lies to the southwest. North of the range is the fast-growing city of Santa Clarita, and several large subdivisions in unincorporated Los Angeles County, including Lyons Ranch and Newhall Ranch, have been approved for development. The Sunshine Canyon Landfill is at the mountains' eastern end, and several canyons in the northwest corner of the range have been proposed for more landfills.

The Santa Susana Mountains are paralleled by State Route 118 to the south and State Route 126 to the north.

Climate
The mountains have a mild climate, with warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters (Mediterranean climate type). Snow falls in winter in some higher areas, such as Oat Mountain, but melts quickly. Annual precipitation totals vary between 18 and 25 inches, depending on exposure to the rain-bearing winds. Most of the rain falls between November and March. Because of the summer drought, wildfires sometimes occur in summer and fall before the rains start, especially during hot, dry "Santa Ana" wind events (mostly between late September to mid November).

Peaks
The highest peaks in the range are Oat Mountain (1,142 m; 3,747 feet), Mission Point (845 m; 2,771 feet), Rocky Peak (827 m; 2,714 feet), and Sand Rock Peak (765 m; 2,511 feet). The summit of Rocky Peak lies directly atop the line separating Ventura and Los Angeles counties and is indicated by a battered marker embedded into the sandstone boulder summit.

History

The first discovery of oil in California was in Pico Canyon, on the north side of the mountains,  The California Star Oil Works, later Chevron, succeeded with Pico Well No. 4. It became famous not only as the first well in California, but also as the longest-producing well in the world, having been capped in September, 1990 after 114 years. Well No. 4 has the distinction of being the first site in Los Angeles County to be listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in 1966. The surrounding town, Mentryville, is maintained as the oil "ghost town" Mentryville Historical Park, within Pico Canyon Park. Many active oil and gas fields remain in the area, with some of the larger operators including Vintage Production, Freeport McMoRan, and the Southern California Gas Company. The largest of SoCalGas's four underground storage natural gas facilities is within the Aliso Canyon Oil Field north of Porter Ranch.

The mountains are within the acquisition area for the Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy, which operates several parks, including Santa Clarita Woodlands Park, Rocky Peak Park,  Joughin Open Space Preserve, Happy Camp Canyon Regional Park, and other Santa Susana parks in the Santa Susana Mountains through the Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority. The City of Los Angeles maintains O'Melveny Park at the eastern end of the mountains.

Note: the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, once operated by and still owned by Rocketdyne until toxics are cleaned up, is actually in the Simi Hills, which are adjacent to the south of the Santa Susana Mountains.

Plants and animals

Flora
The south-facing slopes are mostly covered in Chaparral shrubland, grasslands, and oak savanna. The north-facing slopes are home to magnificent oak woodlands and conifer (fir) woodlands, some of which have been protected in the Santa Clarita Woodlands Park and other large open space preserves. The mountains are part of the California chaparral and woodlands ecoregion. The oaks, (Quercus spp.), include the evergreen coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), the deciduous valley oak (Quercus lobata), and the coastal scrub oak (Quercus dumosa) all can be found in the area. Spring wildflowers include the redbush monkey flower, Mariposa lily, and canyon sunflower. Poison oak is also an important member of the native plant habitat community. Various ferns are found in moister and tree-shaded areas.

Fauna
Many bird species thrive in the Santa Susana Mountains. Perhaps the most common raptors observed soaring over the brushy, boulder-strewn landscape are turkey vultures, red-tailed hawks, and American kestrels. In oak woodlands it is not uncommon to see red-shouldered hawks flying from limb to limb. Through the cover of dense, trailside chaparral you might glimpse the California towhee or the colorful spotted towhee, birds who often make their presence known by rustling up leaf litter on the ground. California quail, greater roadrunner, and common raven are also residents of the range. The eerie and enchanting call of the common poorwill can often be heard after dark while quick eyes might observe the silent flight of great horned owls and phantom-like barn owls.

A handful of fascinating amphibians live in the area. Streams and creeks support populations of Pacific tree frog, the small amphibian whose signature chorus adds an aura of mystery and inexplicable beauty to the surrounding land. Western toads often make their appearance at nightfall, emerging from burrows in search of water and insects, while California slender salamanders are often found under the cool leaf litter and canopy of oak woodlands. Many reptiles thrive in the Santa Susana range. Lizards that are likely to be observed on any given day include the common western fence lizard and the equally abundant side-blotched lizard. Somewhat less frequently observed but still present are the southern alligator lizard, western skink, whiptail, and the seemingly rare coast horned lizard. Southern Pacific rattlesnakes and gopher snakes are perhaps the most commonly observed snakes, but a lucky hiker might also encounter other species including the striped racer, California kingsnake, and ring-necked snake.

Mammals that may be regularly observed in the mountains include smaller animals such as the California ground squirrel and brush rabbit. Small mammals that are less often seen include the dusky-footed woodrat and the agile kangaroo rat.  As for larger mammals, the well-trained eye might spot California mule deer or a coyote. Larger mammals that are considerably more secretive and therefore less often encountered include the gray fox, bobcat, ring-tailed cat, American badger, and the mountain lion. A population of American black bears occupy various niches in the backcountry; showing up in communities below the mountains every few years.

The mountains are part of the Southern California coastal wildlife corridor the connects Los Padres National Forest with the Santa Monica Mountains.

Rim of the Valley Trail

The Rim of the Valley Trail is a plan in progress for connecting the parkland and recreational areas of the San Fernando, Simi, and La Crescenta Valleys via the Santa Susana Mountains. Rocky Peak Park and O'Melveny Park have trail sections already.

See also
Santa Susana, California
Santa Susana Mountains topic index
Santa Susana Tunnel
Aliso Canyon gas leak, 2015–16
 Hal Bernson, Los Angeles City Council member who fought the Sunshine Canyon project in the 1990s and 1990s

Nearby mountain ranges
 Simi Hills - south
 San Gabriel Mountains - east
 Sierra Pelona Mountains - northeast
 Santa Monica Mountains - south (across S.F. Valley)
 Chalk Hills - south (across S.F. Valley)
 Verdugo Mountains - southeast
 Topatopa Mountains- northwest
 Santa Ynez Mountains- west

References

External links

SMMC: Parks in the Santa Susana Mountains - with park links, by Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy.
Santa Susana Mountain Park Association
Official Santa Susana Pass State Park website
Rim of the Valley Trail
NPS: Rim of the Valley Corridor Study - National Park Service project

Transverse Ranges
Mountain ranges of Los Angeles County, California
Mountain ranges of Ventura County, California
Geography of the San Fernando Valley
Geography of Simi Valley, California
Chatsworth, Los Angeles
Granada Hills, Los Angeles
Moorpark, California
Porter Ranch, Los Angeles
Mountain ranges of Southern California

Santa Susana Mountains


cd je naredba dostupna u većini operacijskih sustava za mijenjanje tekućeg direktorija (od engl change directory), kako Unix/Linux, tako i u DOS-u, Microsoftovim Windowsima itd. Jedini parametar naredbe (zajednički na svim operacijskim sustavima) je ime direktorija u koji se želi prijeći.

Primjeri

cd ..
Promijeni tekući direktorij u onaj jedan stupanj iznad.

Implementacija naredbe cd ipak se ponešto razlikuje na raznim operacijskim sustavima, npr. naredba cd bez argumenata na Unix sustavima služi promjeni tekućeg direktorija u korisnikov početni, najčešće  /home/korisnik direktorij, dok u DOS-u i Windowsima cd bez argumenata ispisuje cijelu putanju tekućeg direktorija (Unix ekvivalent je pwd).

Jedini važniji poseban slučaj je DOS, kod kojeg se stablo direktorija odnosno datotečnog sustava ne gradi od korijena (/ na Unix-u), nego postoje odvojeni diskovi koji zauzimaju slova abecede - flopy su najčešće bili A: i B:, a tvrdi diskovi C:, D:, itd. i svaki od njih ima svoj korijenski direktorij.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/cd.html Unix cd specifikacija
 http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb490875.aspx Microsoftova cd specifikacija

Unix naredbe

Cd (naredba)


Jean Bergalet, né le  à Pontacq et mort le  à Pau, est un joueur français de rugby à XV, ayant évolué à la Section paloise. Son père Firmin, est architecte à Pau.

Il est sacré champion de France avec la Section en 1928 aux postes de pilier et de deuxième ligne. Surnommé  durant sa carrière, il prend sa retraite sportive en 1934.

Bergalet était concessionnaire automobile de profession.

Biographie

Bergalet effectue sa scolarité au lycée de Pau et entre en école de commerce à Bordeaux en 1922.

Il commence sa carrière sportive à la Section paloise l'année suivante, en 1923. Bergalet y effectue l'intégralité de sa carrière, remportant notamment le championnat en 1927-1928.

Juste avant la fin de sa carrière, il est sélectionné dans l'équipe du Reste, lors d'un match de sélection face à l'Équipe de France de rugby à XV disputé à Bordeaux.

Bergalet fait partie de l'équipe de France qui affronte l'Allemagne à Colombes en .

Avec Albert Cazenave et David Aguilar, Jean Bergalet contribue à faire du pack palois l'un des plus réputés de France dans les années 30.

Recruteur pour la Section paloise, il tente de dénicher des talents de l'autre côté des Pyrénées, en Aragon dans les années 30.

Références

Liens externes

Joueur français de rugby à XV
Joueur de la Section paloise
Naissance en juin 1904
Naissance dans les Basses-Pyrénées
Décès en août 1969
Décès à Pau
Décès à 65 ans

Jean Bergalet


El C. D. Padura es un club de fútbol del municipio vasco de Arrigorriaga, Vizcaya (España). Fue fundado en 1920 y durante los años 1950 compitió durante tres temporadas consecutivas en la Tercera División. Disputa sus encuentros en el Campo de Fútbol Santo Cristo.

Historia
El 20 de febrero de 1920 se constituye el Padura Club. En 1936, el club conquista la Copa Bizkaia (tras imponerse por 1-0 ante el C.D. Getxo) y después del período inactivo de la Guerra Civil, el club se reorganiza bajo la denominación de Arrigorriaga Club, hasta 1950. A finales de dicha década (y bajo la denominación de C.D. Padura) el club compite en Tercera División desde 1955 hasta 1958.  Se clasificó para la temporada 22/23 de Tercera RFEF.

Uniforme
Los colores representativos del club, son el azul y blanco.

Y la segunda equipación, con camiseta roja y pantalón negro.

Instalaciones
El C.D. Padura disputa sus encuentros en el instalaciones deportivas Santo Cristo (Kristo Santua Futbol Zelaia en euskera), con capacidad para 1560 espectadores y de hierba artificial.
Con unas de las mejores instalaciones de Vizcaya, el campo de fútbol Santo Cristo cuenta con 6 vestuarios y 2 campos de fútbol, 1 "txoko" , lavandería, masajista, sala de árbitros...

Datos del club
 Temporadas en 2.ª: 0
 Temporadas en 2ªB: 0
 Temporadas en 3.ª: 3
 Temporadas en Divisiones Regionales: -
 Mejor puesto en la liga: 12º (3ª División: temporada 1956/57)

Logros y méritos
 Campeón Copa Bizkaia: 1936
 Ascenso a 3ª División: 1954/55
 Ascenso a Tercera División RFEF: 2022/23

Actualmente milita en Tercera División RFEF

Enlaces externos
 Web oficial del club
 Historia del club: 75 Aniversario del Padura

Equipos de la Tercera Federación - Grupo IV
Equipos de fútbol de Vizcaya
Equipos de fútbol fundados en 1920
Fútbol en España en 1920

Club Deportivo Padura