The Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC; ) is the statutory independent anti-corruption body of Hong Kong with the primary objective of combating corruption in both the public and private sectors. Established in 1974 and operating independently from the Hong Kong government and law enforcement agencies, the ICAC is headed by the Commissioner, who reports directly to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong. The ICAC has played a crucial role in maintaining Hong Kong's reputation as one of the least corrupt places globally and fostering a culture of integrity within the city.

The ICAC's functions encompass investigation, prevention, and education. It investigates complaints of corruption-related offenses, conducts operations to uncover corrupt practices, and has the authority to arrest, search, and seize property. In addition, the ICAC works on preventing corruption by reviewing and improving systems and procedures in government departments, public bodies, and private organizations, while also offering advice and assistance in implementing effective anti-corruption measures. The ICAC also engages in public education and awareness campaigns to raise ethical standards in the community and encourage the public to report corruption.

The Article 57 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong stipulates that the ICAC shall operate independently and be directly accountable to the Chief Executive of Hong Kong. By the Article 48, the Commissioner of the ICAC, being as a principal official of Hong Kong, is nominated by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong and appointed by the State Council of the People's Republic of China.

Background
As Hong Kong recovered after World War II, the population began to swell and manufacturing industries grew. By the 1960s Hong Kong was experiencing economic growth, yet the government kept civil servants' salaries very low. Officials in all departments took advantage of their positions to supplement their wages with demands for "tea money," "lucky money," or substantially larger sums. Examples of corruption ranged from nursing sisters demanding money to provide services such as extra blankets, food or to allow visitors outside normal hours; firemen lived by the saying, "冇錢,冇水" ("No money, no water") and sometimes asked for money to turn off the water, preventing water damage, once a fire had been put out; officials in Lands and Public Works departments secured huge sums of money for "advice" and "signatures" that procured the award of tenders and enabled developments and projects to proceed; the Royal Hong Kong Police organised entire stations to "make money" from hawkers, licences, and in many other illicit schemes. Civil servants often had to pay for promotions and postings in positions known for a lucrative return.

The Hong Kong Police Force previously had an Anti-Corruption Branch, but it did little to reduce corruption in February 1952. Public perception was that Anti-Corruption police, following the discovery of corrupt practices, would then enter into the dealings themselves. One example was Peter Godber, a senior officer stationed at Wan Chai Police Station and later at Kai Tak Airport police station. Before his retirement in 1973, he had amassed at least 4.3 million Hong Kong dollars (approximately 600,000 US dollars) in overseas bank accounts. The police's Anti-Corruption Branch investigated his wealth and ordered him to explain his source of income. In response, Godber immediately arranged for his wife to leave the colony, then used his police airport pass to bypass Immigration and Passport checks and walked onto a plane for London. Godber's escape led to a large public outcry over the integrity and quality of the police's self-investigation and called for reforms in the government's anti-corruption efforts. Godber was later extradited back to Hong Kong to face trial and was convicted.

Singapore's approach in fighting corruption by relying on an Anti-Corruption Agency (ACA) via Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau (CPIB) was adopted by Hong Kong on 15 February 1974 after a study team of Hong Kong civil servants visited Singapore and Sri Lanka in 1968 to study their anti corruption laws.

The newly formed Independent Commission Against Corruption would be answerable to only the Governor of Hong Kong, unlike the old police Anti-Corruption Branch. Most ICAC operations staff were sergeants recruited from specifically British police forces and were certainly not beyond sharp practices themselves. Their tactics and methods were often aggressive—they would go to a police station and take an entire shift in for questioning as a "fishing exercise." Ultimately their shock tactics were effective.

Development

In the early days there were running punch-ups between ICAC officers and angry policemen who stormed their offices in Central District; this situation ended only with the announcement of a partial amnesty for minor corruptions committed before 1977. But gradually, the ICAC made itself felt and several high profile police officers were tried and convicted. Others were forced to retire. As a result of its investigations, a mass purge took place in early 1978, where it was announced that 119 officers including one customs official were asked to leave under the provisions of Colonial Regulation 55 (see footnote 1 below) to fast track the decisions in the public interest; a further 24 officers were held on conspiracy charges, and 36 officers and a customs official were given amnesties. The move received a mixed response from the public whilst being broadly supported by legislative councillors as being in the best interests of Hong Kong not to let the affair fester and further demoralise the police Force. Urban Council member Elsie Elliot criticised the government for being lenient to senior corrupt officials, punishing only "small flies."

Gradually, Hong Kong transformed from a graft-ridden city into one of the least corrupt places in the world, as recognised by international institutions such as the World Bank, The Heritage Foundation and Transparency International. Some countries have looked to the ICAC as an effective model of combating graft holistically through detection, prevention, and education.

In the 1970s, eight out of 10 graft complaints were against public officers. This trend has reversed over the years. Complaints against police officers reduced by 70 percent—from 1,443 in 1974 to 446 in 2007. Nowadays, only three out of 10 complaints relate to public servants. Private sector cases meanwhile have been on the rise in recent years. The ICAC has stepped up efforts to help enterprises minimise corruption risks through system controls and staff training. (The statistics are provided by the ICAC.)

In the late 1980s, the Acting Crown Prosecutor, Charles Warwick Reid, was arrested for taking bribes to throw trials. He was subsequently convicted. He did not take up his post as Director of New Zealand's new Serious Fraud Office. His eight-year sentence was reduced to six years when he turned informer. He spent his time in witness protection, the first three years in solitary confinement, and on his release was returned to his native New Zealand. Within a couple of days he had made a false affidavit for a Chinese businessman standing trial in Hong Kong. The Hong Kong authorities wanted him extradited, but he was instead tried in New Zealand and sentenced to two years. He, his wife and his solicitor became the defendants in a landmark Privy Council case on tracing bribe money in 1993, when the Attorney-General of Hong Kong sought to obtain unpaid fines of $12,000,000 by claims on land Reid bought in the New Zealand seaside town of Tauranga.

In 2008, corruption reports received by the ICAC dropped six per cent to 3,377, of which 65 per cent were related to the private sector, 28 per cent concerned government departments, and the remaining seven per cent were against public bodies.

Research on corruption—carried out by the Anti Corruption Resource Centre—shows that police corruption in Hong Kong was frequently associated with "illegal markets" or "victimless crimes" such as gambling, prostitution and drugs. Thus, the decision to legalise off-course betting in Hong Kong—a previously rich source of police bribes—may plausibly have contributed to the fall in police corruption. The investigative, preventive, and educational activities of the ICAC no doubt also had some impact but were not solely or even largely responsible for reducing police corruption.

Controversies
After the big purges of the 1970s, many thought that the ICAC would take a reduced role in society, but despite the fact that their main job was done their influence remained pervasive. Short of voluminous numbers of dramatic cases many ICAC officers left Hong Kong, others remained to enjoy a less taxing life. However, in 1993 their Deputy Director of Operations Alex Tsui Ka-kit was suddenly sacked by Governor Chris Patten, who stated that he had "lost confidence" in Tsui—a euphemism that strong evidence of corruption or significant wrongdoing existed. The "Alex Tsui Affair" caused a huge stir in the mid-1990s as Tsui did not go quietly. Indeed, he made counter-allegations of misconduct within the ICAC, one of which was that Director of Operations Jim Buckle had "squashed" an investigation into allegations of sexual harassment by an officer called Michael Croft (who was later transferred and forced out of the service). Alex Tsui's continued rantings in the media and Legislative Council did little for the image of ICAC.

A year later at Christmas 1995, an ICAC assistant director—a well-known carouser—was arrested for drinking and driving. Following conviction he mysteriously avoided strong punishment and received only a "reprimand" from the Commissioner of the ICAC.

On 31 October 2006, Fanny Law was appointed Commissioner of the ICAC. The unpopular Permanent Secretary for Education and Manpower was seen as being weak on security-related issues. In addition, as Law's and former Commissioner Raymond Wong's appointments were a direct swap, the government was derided by the Civic Party and Liberal Party for belittling an important position by playing "musical chairs." Law was not perceived to be at the end of her civil service career, while the post of Commissioner was traditionally a 'final' posting, allowing the official to work without fear or favour.

Expenses scandal
In 2013, Timothy Tong was found to have overspent on entertaining and gifts for mainland and other overseas officials during his 5-year tenure as Commissioner. An independent committee found that he had authorised entertaining expenses at banquets that exceeded internal guidelines. There was an example of an airline upgrade for two officers to business class costing HK186,000 that had no record of approval, and one gift costing HK$4,140 ($530) that had been reportedly offered to a senior mainland official. Tong was criticised by a Legislative Council committee for his 35 work trips which cost taxpayers almost HK$4 million ($513,000) and gifts to both mainland and overseas officials costing HK$282,000 ($36,100). The LegCo committee expressed its concern as to "whether Mr Tong had thoroughly considered that unduly close contacts between him and mainland officials in Hong Kong during his tenure might have shaken public confidence in the impartiality of the ICAC." Tong had recently been appointed delegate to the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference when the scandal broke. Chief Secretary Carrie Lam admitted that the controversy surrounding the over-expenditures "inevitably undermined the ICAC's image and Hong Kong's reputation as a corruption-free society."

Concerns over independence
Several high-level appointments since the transfer of sovereignty have brought the independence of the ICAC into question. Simon Peh, an Immigration Department bureaucrat, was appointed Commissioner in 2012. More importantly, in 2014, Maria Tam, former colonial loyalist who rapidly switched allegiance to Beijing after 1997, was named head of the Operations Review Committee – a key board that has power to question any decision of the ICAC and to drop any case.

Further erosion of independence was feared when Rebecca Li Bo-lan – a 30-year veteran graft-buster and the first female head of the ICAC investigative unit, appointed in June 2015 – was abruptly removed from her job in an unprecedented manner, and no explanation has been forthcoming from the ICAC. Pan-democratic politicians accused chief executive CY Leung of interfering because he is the subject of an anti-graft probe over a HK$50 million payment Leung received from Australian firm UGL. Democratic-camp legislators made allegations, citing internal ICAC sources, that Leung's office had been uncooperative and also impeding the progress of investigations into his own case; the Chief Executive's Office rebutted the claim.

Impact
For the private sector, the establishment of ICAC reorganised the corruption morale of the private sector which they started to alter the importance of integrity. ICAC also offered a channel for people to report on the corruption cases which led to an upsurge in corruption reports. The situation in the banking sector was the most significant and affected many banking officers. It also revealed that the issue of corruption was deeply-rooted in this sector, even in some major banks. The corruption problems were kept in silence and being ignored. Besides, after the report of corruption cases, the management team in the sector started to internalise and execute rules and policies in combating the corruption which turned the prevention into internal issues. This led to a decrease in reporting corruption cases afterwards.

Constitutionality

In preparation for transfer of Hong Kong's sovereignty in 1997, the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China enacted the Hong Kong Basic Law in 1990, providing for the establishment of a "Commission Against Corruption." This anti-graft agency thus exists as a constitutionally sanctioned body.

As a passing remark the name of the agency ("Independent Commission Against Corruption") has been questioned as unconstitutional, as the Basic Law names it "Commission Against Corruption." However, as the Chinese version of the Basic Law prevails over the English version, this is not considered a misnomer. Another interpretation is that the Basic Law states only that such a commission has to be established without directing how it should be named.

Covert surveillance
In 2005, the evidence collected by the ICAC through covert surveillance in a case involving a publicly listed company was questioned. While the judge ruled that covert surveillance carried out in this case was unconstitutional due to the absence of relevant legal procedures, the judge admitted the evidence as he found that the ICAC had conducted the operations in good faith. The defendants were convicted.

To address the lack of legal procedures that govern covert surveillance by law enforcement agencies, as required by the Basic Law, the Legislative Council passed the Interception of Communication and Surveillance Ordinance (ICSO) in August 2006 to provide for such procedures. All covert surveillance operations of the ICAC are now carried out strictly in accordance with the ICSO, which applies to all law enforcement agencies in Hong Kong.

An assistant ICAC investigator was jailed for nine months on 4 April 2003 for lying in a court trial, to conceal the fact that he had threatened a suspect to co-operate with a probe by ICAC. So far, this is the only case of such a nature in ICAC history.

Organisation
The independence of the organisation is assured by its three pillars – Head of Operations, the Commissioner and Operations Review Committee (ORC). The Operations Department is accountable not to the Commissioner, but the ORC comprising largely members of the public appointed by the Chief Executive.

Commissioner

The Commissioner is the public face of the ICAC, and is mainly responsible for policy, public image and international relations. Although generally considered the top official in the organisation, the Commissioner generally has little knowledge of specific investigations until their final stages, adhering to the ICAC's "need-to- know" principle, which has acted as a de facto separation of functions since it was founded in the 1970s.

The current Commissioner, the 15th, is Simon Peh. He was appointed in 2012 and is the body's longest-serving head to date.

Divisions

The ICAC has three divisions: Operations, Community Relations, and Corruption Prevention. The Operations Department is the largest by far, having 72 percent of the staff, and is responsible for all the high-profile busts. The person in charge of the Operations Department is appointed by the Chief Executive and not by the ICAC Commissioner. By custom and practice, the Head of Operations is usually bestowed the title of Deputy Commissioner. Currently headed by Ricky Yau Shu-chun, this department considers itself all powerful, and has apparently resisted all attempts to interfere with its investigations. The investigation into circulation fraud by Sally Aw at The Standard has been cited as an example of the embarrassment caused by such non-co-operation with the government hierarchy.

Witness Protection and Firearms Section

ICAC maintains a small specialised unit, namely the Witness Protection and Firearms Section (R4), which carry out high risk operations (such as pursuits and conducting house raids), forced entry, witness protection, and training of new recruits in basic firearms skills since 1998.

To be the member of R4, investigators have to undergo a battery of physical, written, and psychometric tests, and receive a three-phase training if they are selected, which involves multiple tactics in witness protection, firearms and more.

Up to now, no shots were fired by R4 during missions and the unit remains a good reputation.

Colonial Regulation 55

Colonial Regulation 55 was an executive provision of the highest order for which the colonial Government was not obliged to give cause. It stipulated that "An officer holds office subject to the pleasure of the Crown, and the pleasure of the Crown that he may no longer hold it may be signified through the Secretary of State, in which case no special formalities are required."

As a safeguard for this regulation, action must be taken by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs in London after review by the Secretary of the Civil Service and the Attorney General for England and Wales. The highest authority would have been the Lord Chancellor.

This regulation was invoked approximately 25 times by the colonial Government up to 1978, twice of which was during the tenure of Governor MacLehose.

Henry Litton, Chairman of the Hong Kong Bar Association, questioned the use of Regulation 55, when Regulations 56 and 57 (which provide for "dismissal after due enquiry" before a judge) could have been used. He furthermore said "As far as I know, Colonial Regulations apply to only sovereign gazetted officers," and that "no Chinese policeman has ever been given a copy...before signing on." Most Legislators supported the move as being under "exceptional circumstances" and "necessary."

The Colonial Regulation was replaced by the Public Service Order after Hong Kong's transfer of sovereignty to China in 1997.

Information technology
ICAC commissioner Dr Timothy Tong Hin-ming mentioned in a report tabled in the Legislative Council the strategic importance of information technology (IT) in operations as corruption cases have become increasingly complex. The commission has stepped up staff training in financial investigation and computer forensics skills, and enhanced investigative resources especially in regard to corruption in the private sector.

In 2008, the commission organised a series of seminars to enhance the investigators' knowledge on the global and local financial system and its regulatory mechanism.

ICAC's financial investigation section probed into 7,095 financial transactions in 168 cases, involving an aggregated sum of HK$4.4 billion (US$567 million) in 2008. The commission's computer forensics section carried out 502 computer data analysis projects relating to 111 operations in which 368 computers were seized.

Weapons
Though the Operations Department members of ICAC are trained to use firearms, most of them are not armed. However, officers are required to go to the range for their continuous training and annual examination.

There are also investigators, namely the Arms Issued Officers (AIOs) of the Witness Protection and Firearms Section (R4), who are solely the members who have the permit to use firearms. They are now mostly trained in the use of, and issued, Glock 19 handguns as sidearms, though standard Glock 17 or the SIG P228 are also equipped, depend on the situation.

The members of the Witness Protection and Firearms Section also carry an ASP expandable baton and a small pepper spray for less-lethal options for protection on the field.

Strategy
The ICAC uses a three-pronged approach to combating corruption: investigation, prevention, and community education. The most high profile of aspect of its work has been its investigative work, however as important if not more so has been its work in prevention and education. Prevention wise the ICAC offers advice and practical help to enable companies and organisations to introduce systems and procedures that are resistant to corruption. Since its inception the ICAC has worked tirelessly to change the public's perception that bribes and kickbacks are an expected and normal part of everyday life, and to reassure citizens that if they face a demand for an illegal payment that the ICAC will be there to investigate.

In popular culture
There have been several movies about the ICAC; The First Shot in 1993 and I Corrupt All Cops in 2009 that tell the history of the ICAC from the inception to how it adopted its interrogation methods. A number of television series have also been made about the Commission with the ICAC Investigators family of miniseries being based on actual ICAC cases and made with the full co-operation of the ICAC as part of its community education work.

References

External links

1974 establishments in Hong Kong

Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)


Margarita Melikovna Betova (; født Gasparjan den 1. september 1994 i Moskva, Rusland) er en professionel kvindelig tennisspiller fra Rusland. Hun startede med at spille tennis som 5-årig.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Tennisspillere fra Rusland
Personer fra Moskva

Margarita Betova


Civil libertarianism is a strain of political thought that supports civil liberties, or which emphasizes the supremacy of individual rights and personal freedoms over and against any kind of authority (such as a state, a corporation, social norms imposed through peer pressure and so on).

In the libertarian movement
In the domain of libertarian philosophy, the primary concern of civil libertarians is the relationship between government and individuals. In theory, civil libertarians seek to restrict this relationship to an absolute minimum in which the state can function and provide basic services and securities without excessively interfering in the lives of its citizens. One key cause of civil libertarianism is upholding free speech. Specifically, civil libertarians oppose bans on hate speech and obscenity. Although they may or may not personally condone behaviors associated with these issues, civil libertarians hold that the advantages of unfettered public discourse outweigh any disadvantages, and that the coercion of speech is inherently wrong.

Other civil libertarian positions may include support for full or partial legalization of illicit substances, prostitution, privacy, assisted dying or euthanasia, the right to keep and bear arms, youth rights, topfree equality, separation of church and state, full or partial opposition to involuntary commitment and outpatient commitment, and support for same-sex marriage.

With the advent of personal computers, the Internet, email, cell phones and other advancements in information technology, a subset of civil libertarianism has arisen that focuses on protecting individuals' digital rights and privacy.

See also

 Civil and political rights
 Cultural liberalism
 Left-libertarianism
 Right-libertarianism
 Liberty

References

Citations

Works cited

Activism
Civil rights and liberties
Liberalism
Libertarianism by form

Civil libertarianism


Haven - et eventyr er en dansk kortfilm fra 1991 instrueret med instruktion og manuskript af Maria Mac Dalland. Filmen er en kombination af realfilm og animation

Handling
En lille prinsesse forlader barndommens eventyrslot, og drager ud i verden for at blive en stor prinsesse. Med sig har hun tre magiske tryllefrø, der, når hun bruger dem rigtigt, kan hjælpe hende igennem prøvelserne på hendes vej.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1991

Haven - et eventyr


Bierstein bezeichnet:
 Unerwünschte kalkhaltige Ablagerungen beim Brauvorgang in Kesseln und Rohren ähnlich dem Kesselstein. Er besteht vor allem aus Calciumoxalat und ist oft schwer zu entdecken. Da er Bakterien (Milchsäurebakterien) Unterschlupf bietet, wird er bei geringer Schichtdicke zum Beispiel mit jodhaltigen Desinfektionsmitteln und bei größeren Ablagerungen mit saurer Reinigung beseitigt.
 Früher eine Bezeichnung für eingedampfte gehopfte Bierwürze, die sich in fester Form jahrelang hielt. Sie wurde in wärmere Gegenden exportiert, wo sie in Wasser aufgelöst als Bierersatz diente, das sonst in diesen Gegenden schnell verdarb.

Siehe auch
 Birstein

Einzelnachweise

Brauprozess
Stoffgemisch
en:beerstone

Bierstein


Madan Sarup (1930 - 1993), Hindistan'ın Pencap eyaletinde dünyaya geldi. Dokuz yaşında eğitim için İngiltere'ye gönderildi. 1950'ler ve 1960'lar boyunca çeşitli ortaögretim okullarında sanat ögretmenliği yaptı. 1974 yılında Londra Üniversitesi'ne bağlı Goldsmiths College'de Eğitim Sosyolojisi bölümüne öğretim görevlisi olarak atandı. Burada Radikal Felsefe hareketine yakınlık duydu ve etkinliklerine katıldı. Madan Sarup kendisini her zaman politik olarak bir Marksist olarak ifade etmiştir. Bu dönem boyunca, eğitim sosyolojisine Marksçı bir bakış açısı getirmeye çalışmıştır. 1980'lerden itibaren postyapısalcı felsefe ile ilgilenmeye ve izlerini sürmeye başladı. Özellikle Lacancı (Jacques Lacan) psikanalitik kuramı ile yakından ilgilendi, buradan eğitimle ilgili sorunları değerlendirmeye çalıştı. 1993 yılında ölmüştür.

Eserleri
 Marksçılık ve Eğitim:Eğitime Fenomenolojik ve Marksçı yaklaşımlar Üstüne Bir İnceleme, (1978)
 Eğitim, Devlet ve Bunalım:Marksçı Bir Değerlendirme, (1982)
 Marksçılık, Yapısalcılık, Eğitim:Eğitim sosyolojisinde Kuramsal Gelişmeler, (1984)
 Çokırklı Eğitim Politikası, (1986)
 Post-yapısalcılık ve Postmodernizm, (1989)(çeviren:Abdülbaki Güçlü,Bilim ve Sanat yayınları)
 Eğitim ve Irkçılığı ideolojileri, (1991)
 Jacques Lacan, (1992)

1930 doğumlular
1993 yılında ölenler
İngiliz sosyologlar
Postmodernizm
Marksist teorisyenler

Madan Sarup


Meiodiscaceae, porodica crvenih algi, dio reda Palmariales. Postoje 5 priznatih rodova s 9 vrste

Rodovi
 Kallymenicola J.R.Evans & G.W.Saunders, 3
 Meiodiscus G.W.Saunders & McLachlan, 2
 Rhodophysemopsis Masuda, 2
 Rubrointrusa S.L.Clayden & G.W.Saunders, 1
 Torngatum G.W.Saunders, 1

Izvori

Palmariales

Meiodiscaceae


La plage de Kassa est une plage de sable à l'ouest de Conakry en république de Guinée.

Géographie
La plage de Kassa situe sur l'île de Kassa est la plus proche de Conakry.

On y accède par la voie maritime à 15 minutes avec trois possibilités par bateaux taxi, des pirogues et des bateaux de plaisance à partir des ports du large de Conakry.

Fréquentation
La plage permet d'organiser des sorties en famille et elle est aussi le lieu de fêtes nationales et de commémorations du 11 mai, date anniversaire du décès de Bob Marley, et des excursions des touristes, élèves et étudiants guinéens.

Galerie

Voir aussi
 Plage de Sôrô
 Plage de Roume

Notes et références

Liens externes

île de Kassa
Îles de Loos

Plage de Kassa


Stopan je naseljeno mjesto u općini Kotor Varoš, Republika Srpska, Bosna i Hercegovina.

Zemljopis

Stopan se nlazi na prijevoju - uzvisini (oko 680 metara nadmorske visine) izimeđu Crkvenice i Stopanske rijeke, desnih pritoka Vrbanje. Iz ovog sela do Šipraga vodi (pretežno makadamska) lokalna cesta, dužine oko 8 km.

Povijest

Tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata, ovo selo je učestvovalo u pokretu otpora i bilo značajno partizansko utočište. Između ostalog, siječnja 1944. je primilo veliki broj ranjenika koji su evakuirani iz Divizijske bolnice u klisuri Demićke (kod Šipraga), tijekom Šeste neprijateljske ofanzive. Zbog udaljenosti od glavnih lokalnih komunikacija, Stopan je, i prilikom ostalih neprijateljskih prodora, bio sigurnije pribježište za ostalo lokalno stanovništvo.

Tijekom rata u Bosni i Hercegovini, Vojska Republike Srpske, policijske i paravojne snage su porušili okolna bošnjačka sela, osobito ona uzvodno uz Vrbanju do Kruševa Brda, kao i sva bošnjačka sela nizvodno do Banje Luke. Lokalno stanovništvo je ubijano, a glavnina je protjerana. Nakon 1996., većina šipraških bošnjačkih sela je djelomično obnovljena, zahvaljujući Vladi i vojnicima Luksemburga, tj. bataljonu BELUGA (skr. od: Belgium – Luxembourg – Greece – Austria; u okviru EUFOR-SFOR-a.

Stanovništvo

Popisi 1971. – 1991.

Popis 2013.

Izvori

Naselja u Republici Srpskoj
Kotor Varoš

Stopan


L'église Saint-Wandrille du Pecq est une église catholique située au Pecq, dans le département français des Yvelines.

Historique
De style classique, l'église a été construite de 1739 à 1742 et ouverte au culte en 1745. Une restauration concernant notamment les voûtes a été menée par les architectes Choret et Blondel entre 1880 et 1886. L'édifice a été inscrit aux monuments historiques en 1965.

Architecture
L'église est de plan allongé à trois vaisseaux et surmontée d'une fausse voûte en anse-de-panier. La façade est ornée de pilastres d'ordre toscan de part et d'autre du portail central ainsi qu'aux angles de l'édifice. Elle est surmontée par un clocher latéral.

Mobilier

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des monuments historiques des Yvelines
 Liste des églises des Yvelines

Liens externes

Le Pecq
Monument historique inscrit en 1965

Église Saint-Wandrille du Pecq


Lunamatrona (sardinski: Lunamatròna) je grad i općina (comune) u pokrajini Južnoj Sardiniji u regiji Sardiniji, Italija. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj visini od 168 metara i ima 1 699 stanovnika. Prostire se na 20,59 km². Gustoća naseljenosti je 83 st/km².Susjedne općine su: Collinas, Pauli Arbarei, Sanluri, Siddi, Villamar i Villanovaforru.

Izvori

Gradovi na Sardiniji

Lunamatrona


Castriyón  () ist eine Parroquia und ein Ort in der Gemeinde Boal der Autonomen Gemeinschaft Asturien im Norden Spaniens.Die 195 Einwohner (2011) leben auf einer Fläche von 20,04 km², 11 km von der Gemeindehauptstadt Boal entfernt am rechten Ufer des Rio Navia.Erste Besiedelungsspuren stammen von den Kelten, was zahlreiche Fundstellen in der Gemeinde belegen. Die Besiedelung hielt über die Castrokultur und die Römische Besetzung konstant an.Die Burg (Castro) auf den Berghängen oberhalb des Rio Navia ist Namensgeber der Gemeinde. Die Burg selbst wurde im Jahr 1897 als Steinbruch benutzt, sodass nur noch Reste der Fundamente zu sehen sind.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Pfarrkirche San Pedro

Dörfer und Weiler

Persönlichkeiten
In Castriyón (kastilisch: Castrillón) liegt der Stammsitz des alten Adelsgeschlechts der Álvarez de Castrillón, vermutlich westgotischer Abstammung.
Im 16. Jh. gingen einige von ihnen als höhere kgl. spanische Offiziere und Verwaltungsbeamte nach Nueva Granada, dem heutigen Kolumbien.
Der renommierte kolumbianische Genealoge Gabriel Arango Mejía notierte in seinem dort sehr bekannten Werk "Genealogías de Antioquia y Caldas", Band II: "nació don Diego en el lugar de Castrillón, concejo de Bual, en Asturias" (Don Diego [d. h., Diego Álvarez de Castrillón] wurde im Ort Castrillón geboren, im Concejo de Bual, in Asturien).
Die Álvarez de Castrillón, genealogisch erforscht zurück bis ins frühe 13. Jh., waren Hidalgos und Nobles und hatten unter ihren Vorfahren eine Reihe von Condes ("Grafen") und Königen, mit weiteren verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen in Fürsten- und Königshäuser im iberischen und weiteren europäischen Raum.

Quellen

Weblinks
 Infoseite im Tourismusportal vivirasturias englisch und spanisch
 Karte von Asturien (PDF; 12,52 MB)

Ort in Asturien
Boal (Asturien)

Castriyón


Olsenbanden gir seg aldri!, deutscher Festivaltitel: Die Olsenbande ergibt sich nie!, ist der elfte Film aus der Filmreihe der Olsenbande (Norwegen). Die norwegische Kriminalkomödie ist ein Film von Knut Bohwim und eine  Neuverfilmung des dänischen Filmes Die Olsenbande ergibt sich nie aus der Filmreihe zur Olsenbande und hatte in Norwegen am 25. August 1981 seine Vorpremiere zum Haugesund Festival, sowie seine Kinopremiere am 28. August 1981.

Handlung

Egon Olsen wird diesmal von Benny alleine vom Osloer Gefängnis abgeholt. Diesmal fahren sie aber nicht gemeinsam in Kjells Wohnung, sondern in die städtische Wohnung von Valborgs Schwester, wo sie dann ihren Plan besprechen wollen. Da Valborgs jüngere Schwester hochschwanger im Krankenhaus liegt, wohnt in der Zwischenzeit die Familie von Kjell Jensen dort. Kjell soll eigentlich mit Benny, die Wohnung von Valborgs Schwester renovieren. Valborg hat außerdem noch viele weitere "Tausend Dinge" zu erledigen, sowie  muss sie sich um die entsprechenden Vorbereitungen vor der Niederkunft ihrer Schwester kümmern. Egon ist aber auch nach seiner Haftentlassung wie verändert: Er hat im Gefängnis einen Management-Kurs besucht und will sich nun an modernen Finanzgeschäften beteiligen. Sein Ziel ist es, an Aktien des renommierten Osloer Kaufhauses Steen & Strøm zu kommen. Die Aktienmehrheit daran gehört der Holdinggesellschaft TeamFinans, die seit langem rote Zahlen schreibt und daher ihre Geschäftsbücher fälscht. Egon hat den Auftrag, die echten Geschäftsbücher zu beschaffen und sie bei dem Bankier Bang-Johansen und dessen Angestelltem Hallandsen abzuliefern. Diese wollen daraufhin TeamFinans liquidieren und Egon mit den Aktien des Steen & Strøm bezahlen.

Valborg kommt dieser Plan sehr gelegen, da ihre jüngere Schwester ihr erstes Kind erwartet und sich verpflichtet ihr zu helfen. Ein Kaufhaus, ist sie außerdem der Überzeugung, habe alles, was sie oder auch so ein Baby braucht.

Dank Egons genialen Plans, gelingt der Olsenbande in kürzester Zeit der Coup bei TeamFinans. Egon liefert anschließend die echten Geschäftsbücher in Bang-Johansens Bankhaus ab. Bang-Johansen gehört einem europaweiten Ring von multinationalen Geschäftsleuten an, dem Steen & Strøm gehört und die im Auftrag von gewissen Politikern die Kontrolle von gewissen Wirtschaftszweigen übernehmen sollen. Von diesem Plan darf absolut nichts an die Öffentlichkeit dringen. Hallandsen und Bang-Johansen überschreiben Egon für hoch sensible Dokumente im Gegenzug, die Aktien für ihre zunächst scheinbar spekulativ "wertvollen" Kapital-Gesellschaften, was allerdings später Olsen noch zum Verhängnis wird.

Bang-Johansen und Hallandsen halten jedoch ihr Wort gegenüber Egon nicht, stattdessen lässt Bang-Johansen das Kaufhaus Steen & Strøm kurzerhand schließen. Bang-Johansen will nach London reisen, um dort die Akten seinen Geschäftspartnern zu übergeben. Unterwegs zum Flughafen, wird er jedoch von Kjells "geborgten" Frydenlund-Bier-Pferdefuhrwerk aufgehalten und Benny nimmt mit Hilfe eines Gabelstaplers sein Auto auf. Egon kann dann so den Dokumentenkoffer aus dem Kofferraum der Limousine stehlen. Als er daraufhin Hallandsen mit den Dokumenten konfrontiert, lässt dieser ihn kurzerhand vom Dummen Schwein kidnappen, um dann Egon mittels einer Sprengladung endgültig zu beseitigen. Kjell und Benny können ihn jedoch im letzten Moment befreien.

Egon hat aber einen neuen Plan und will nach London reisen, wo Bang-Johansen mit einem dubiosen englischen Geschäftspartner zusammentrifft. Um günstig für die Olsenbande an ein paar Flug-Tickets des Reiseveranstalters Saga zu kommen, verkleidet sich Kjell als Frau. Leider kann dann Kjell aber Norwegen nicht verlassen, weil er auf Grund seines uralten und abgelaufenen Reisepasses, nicht an der Passkontrolle vorbeigelassen wird. Egon und Benny reisen dadurch nun zwangsläufig alleine nach London, um die Akten, Bang-Johansen bzw. Mr. Smith während ihres informellen Treffens wieder abzunehmen. Anschließend will Bang-Johansen in Oslo wieder mit Hallandsen und seinen Geschäftsfreunden zusammenkommen. Nach den Bang-Johansen in London angekommen ist, geht er zunächst in das London Palladium, um sich dort mit seinem englischen Geschäftsfreund zu treffen. Egon und Benny bekommen jedoch vorerst keine Gelegenheit, an den roten Koffer heranzukommen. Nach der Übergabe des Koffers von Bang-Johansen, fährt sein englischer Geschäftspartner Mr. Smith zum Tower von London. Während Smith ohne weiteres den Weg zum Tower passieren kann, werden Egon und Benny von den Wachen, den Beefeaters aufgehalten. Der Engländer lagert dort den Koffer, in einem vergitterten Raum im Inneren des Towers ein. Um erstmal überhaupt an den Kontrollen vorbei und weiter in den Tower zu kommen, überlisten Benny und Kjell, zwei Beefeater-Wachen. Sie locken die zwei Beefeater-Wachen, zu einem Umtrunk mit einer Flasche Beefeater Gin in einen leeren Touristen-Reisebus und setzen diese anschließend K.O. sowie ziehen dann deren Uniformen an. Egon und Benny begeben sich nun so selber als Yeomen Warders des Tower aus und lösen, die vorherige Schicht ab. Mithilfe eines speziellen Legomobils öffnen sie im Tower eine weitere Tür und gelangen in das Innere des Towers. Der rote Koffer befindet sich dort zusammen mit mehreren Holzkisten Art & Kunst in einem vergitterten Raum. Egon und Benny behelfen sich hier mit Pfeil und Bogen und installieren so eine Seilvorrichtung durch die Vergitterung. Mittels eines aufgeblasenen Hellium-Luftballon, können sie dann den Koffer nun durch das Gitter bekommen.

Nachdem sie erfolgreich zurück in Oslo sind, bringt Egon den Koffer in Hallandsens Büro. Unerwartet taucht jedoch Kommissar Hermansen auf, der dort eine Durchsuchung wegen des Verdachtes auf Betrug von Bang-Johansen und Hallandsen vornimmt. Egon kann sich zwar rechtzeitig verstecken, der Koffer wird jedoch von Kriminalkommissar Hermansen beschlagnahmt.

Egon konnte jedoch dabei auch Hermansen belauschen, und somit hat er, als er auf seine Gefährten trifft, sofort wieder einen neuen Plan: Benny und Kjell gehen zuerst als Presseleute getarnt ins Polizeipräsidium, um für die Zeitung Monavisen ein Interview mit Hermansen zu führen. Benny stellt als vorgeblicher Journalist dem Kommissar einige Fragen. Anschließend geht Kjell mit Hermansen als vermeintlicher Pressefotograf vor das Polizeipräsidium, um dort mit ihm ein paar eindrucksvolle Fotos zu machen. Benny durchstöbert inzwischen das Kommissariat und stiehlt sich ein paar wichtige Polizeiakten zum "Fall Bang-Johansen". Sie erfahren außerdem dabei, dass Hermansen den Dokumenten-Koffer zu einem Treffen des zuständigen norwegischen Ministers mit anderen Staatsmännern bringen soll. Dieses findet im Privathaus des zuständigen Ministers statt, wo am Abend  Hermansen dann dort mit dem Koffer erscheinen soll.

Der weitere Plan sieht vor, dass die Bande während dieses Treffens ins Haus des Ministers eindringt und dort sich die entsprechenden Dokumente stiehlt. Die Vorbereitungen für diesen Coup werden durch einen plötzlichen Anruf von Valborg unterbrochen: Die Geburt von Valborgs Neffen steht unmittelbar bevor. Hastig fährt Kjell deswegen im Voraus eilenden Gehorsam in die Frauenklinik, so dass Egon und Benny den Plan allein durchführen müssen. Wie sich herausstellt, hat Kjell einen für den Coup enorm wichtigen Steckschlüssel in seiner Tasche mitgenommen, weshalb Benny und Egon ihm nachfahren und die Tasche aus der Frauenklinik holen müssen.

Egons Plan besteht darin, mit Hilfe eines Panzers unbehelligt in das hermetisch abgesperrte Gebiet, um das Haus des Ministers eindringen zu können. Auf dem Militärgelände angekommen, versucht Egon einen der dort abgestellten 40-Tonnen-Panzer zu öffnen. Es stellt sich jedoch heraus, dass Benny nicht Kjells Tasche, sondern eine echte Hebammentasche aus der Geburtsklinik mitgenommen hat. Mit Hilfe einer Geburtszange gelingt es Egon aber dennoch, den Panzer zu öffnen. Es gelingt ihm und Benny tatsächlich, ohne Probleme bis zum Haus des Ministers zu fahren, wo sie Hermansen mit dem Kanonenrohr ihres Panzers einen leicht auf den Hinterkopf geben und so endlich den nun unbewachten Koffer, samt den Dokumenten mitgehen lassen. Als Egon damit am nächsten Tag bei Hallandsen auftaucht, erhält er jedoch eine Hiobsbotschaft: Die Verhandlungen sind geplatzt, der ganze Skandal wurde aufgedeckt und die Dokumente haben folglich ihren Wert verloren.

Als sich die Olsenbande verzweifelt und ohne Plan zu weiteren Beratungen zusammenfindet, taucht die Polizei auf. Egon wird aber durch den Kriminalassistenten Holm, wegen Betruges, Steuerhinterziehung und Konkursverschleppung verhaftet, da er ja auf dem Papier offiziell von Hallandsen die nun wertlosen Unternehmen, wie die Olsen-Holding, Olsen-Invest, Olsen-International, Olsen-Cooperation, Olsen-Export, Olsen-Import, Olsen Management usw. übernommen hat, wieder einmal verhaftet und fährt wieder ins Osloer Botsen ein. Währenddessen ist Valborgs Schwester Mutter eines Sohnes geworden und sie gehen gemeinsam mit Benny und Kjell zur Schnäppchenjagd zum Ausverkauf des Osloer Kaufhauses Steen & Strøm.

Kritiken

Trivia
 Die Filmsequenz nach der Sprengszene, mit dem dänischen Schauspieler Dick Kaysø wurde dagegen als einzige Szene aus dem dänischen Original "Die Olsenbande ergibt sich nie" übernommen.
 Biffen, das Dummes Schwein (Ove Verner Hansen) spielte hier auch wieder bei beiden Olsen-Versionen mit.
 Das in dem Film verwendete Legomobil wurde auch schon in dem dänischen Vorbild "Die Olsenbande ergibt sich nie" eingesetzt. Hier setzt es die norwegische Olsenbande ein, um in den Tower of London einzubrechen und um sich so den roten Koffer zu holen. Anschließend kommt dieses Mobil auch noch einmal in dem Jönssonligan-Film Varning för Jönssonligan (Dezember 1981) zum Einsatz, die aber in diesem Fall, gleich die entsprechende dänische Original-Filmsequenz benutzten. Im Gegensatz zu der schwedischen Jönsson-Bande, drehten die Norweger, die Szene mit Legomobil hier neu.
 Im Raum des Tower of London, wo Benny und Egon den roten Koffer stehlen, liegen auch die gleichen Holz-Goldbarrenkisten mit der Bezeichnung Art & Kunst herum, die schon in der dänischen bzw. norwegischen Olsenbanden-Verfilmung Die Olsenbande stellt die Weichen sowie Olsenbanden og Dynamitt-Harry på sporet vorkommen.

Anmerkungen
 Unter dem Titel Die Olsenbande ergibt sich nie! wurde der Film 1997 auf den Nordischen Filmtagen in Lübeck präsentiert. Der Film wurde mittlerweile auch auf VHS, DVD und Blu-Ray veröffentlicht. Eine deutschsprachige Veröffentlichung existiert zu diesen Film bisher noch nicht.

Literatur
 Hauke Lange-Fuchs: "Ich habe einen Plaan!" Die Olsen-Bande Slapstick-Komik zwischen Klamauk Subversion. Lübeck 1997, ISBN 3924214484.
 Frank Eberlein, Frank-Burkhard Habel: Die Olsenbande. Das große Buch für Fans. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 1996, erweiterte Neuausgabe 2000. ISBN 3-89602-056-0
 Frank Eberlein: Das große Lexikon der Olsenbande. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2001. ISBN 3-89602-361-6

Weblinks

 Filmdatabase: Olsenbanden gir seg aldri! auf film.medietilsynet.no
 Olsenbanden gir seg aldri! auf filmfront.no

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1981
Norwegischer Film
Kriminalfilm
Filmkomödie
Heist-Movie

Olsenbanden gir seg aldri!


Minitab, Microsoft Windows işletim sisteminde kullanılan ve kolon bazlı çalışan bir istatistiksel yazılımdır. Temel olarak Oturum penceresi, Çalışma sayfaları, Grafik pencereleri gibi alt bileşenlerden oluşmaktadır. Başta Altı sigma olmak üzere Endüstriyel uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Minitab'ın oldukça dolu bir kaynakçası mevcuttur. Minitab fonksiyonlarına ulaşmanın yanında da, istatistik bilimiyle ilgili pek çok bilgiye de ulaşılabilir.

Bilgisayar
Kalite
Windows'a özel yazılımlar

Minitab


Dimitrovgrad (, ) er en by, der er det administrative center for Dimitrovgrad bymæssige okrug i Uljanovsk oblast, Rusland. Byen har  indbyggere.

Dimitrovgrad ligger nord for udmundingen af floden Store Tjeremsjan i Kujbysjevskojereservoiret på Volga, ca. 80 km øst for den oblastens administrative center, Uljanovsk, og 119 km nord for byen Samara. Den nærmeste by er Sengilej på højre bred af Kujbysjevskojereservoiret, ca. 60 km luftlinje sydvest for Dimitrovgrad.

Historie

Dimitrovgrad blev grundlagt , da der i området for den nuværende by opstod en første bosættelse af tjuvasjere. Denne bosættelse blev kaldt Melekess () efter en lille flod af samme navn, hvis navn stammer fra tyrkisk. I 1730'erne blev der bygget en statlig spritfabrik nær landsbyen, hvor der senere voksede en bosættelse for arbejdere og funktionærer frem. Selv om fabrikken blev lukket i 1847, fortsatte landsbyen som en kommercielt center og blev erklæret i 1877 til en "Possad" (), en bylignende håndværks- og kommerciel bosættelse. I 1919 fik Melekess bystatus.

Den 15. juli 1972 blev byen omdøbt til Dimitrovgrad efter den bulgarske kommunistiske leder Georgi Dimitrov i anledning af 90-årsdagen for hans fødsel.

Befolkningsudvikling

Note: Data fra folketællinger

Økonomi og trafik

Den største virksomhed i byen ligger seks kilometer sydvest for Dimitrovgrad, , (). En af institutets otte reaktorer leverer fjernvarme til byen. Denne reaktor er den eneste af sin art. Desuden er der maskin- og tekstilindustrien vigtige i Dimitrovgrad.

Dimitrovgrad ligger ved motorvejen, der forbinder Uljanovsk og Samara, hvor motovejen er forbundet med det russiske motorvejsnet. Byen har en jerbanestation med direkte tod til Moskva, Sankt Petersborg, Ufa, Perm og Tjeljabinsk.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Byer i Uljanovsk oblast
Etableret i 1900

Dimitrovgrad (Rusland)


La marine indienne vise à acquérir de nouveaux sous-marins nucléaires d'attaque (SNA) dans le cadre du projet 75 Alpha. Le gouvernement indien a approuvé en février 2015 la construction de six de ces sous-marins. Ceux-ci seront conçus par la Direction interne de la conception navale de la Marine et construits en Inde au Centre de construction navale de Visakhapatnam. La construction devrait commencer en 2023-2024, tandis que le premier sous-marin devrait entrer en service en 2032.

Étant donné que l'Inde est un utilisateur traditionnel de sous-marins nucléaires russes (avec l'INS Chakra en location), les nouveaux sous-marins construits localement seraient la troisième classe de SNA exploités par la marine indienne, après avoir loué des sous-marins de classe Charlie I et Akula II.

Développement
Le programme de construction et de déploiement d'une flotte de sous-marins nucléaires a été envisagé pour la première fois à la fin des années 1990. Les patrouilles des navires de la marine de l'Armée populaire de libération ont accéléré les programmes d'expansion navale de l'Inde. Selon le plan initial, 4 premiers sous-marins de classe Arihant ont été planifiés, suivis par des sous-marins nucléaires lanceurs d'engins de classe S5 beaucoup plus grands, et 6 sous-marins nucléaires d'attaque.

Les sous-marins seront alimentés par un réacteur à eau pressurisée miniature (REP) en cours de développement par le Centre de recherche atomique Bhabha qui a déjà fourni un réacteur miniature similaire de 83 MW pour les SNLE de classe Arihant.

Le 24 juin 2019, il a été signalé que ₹100 crore (13 millions de dollars US) ont été alloués pour la phase initiale du projet. Les sous-marins seront conçus par la Direction de la conception navale et le développement devrait se poursuivre jusqu'en 2025. Mishra Dhatu Nigam développe un nouveau matériau de coque qui devrait permettre au sous-marin de plonger à des profondeurs plus profondes que la classe Arihant. Un modèle réduit du sous-marin devrait d'abord être testé. Le coût total du projet est estimé à environ ₹1 lakh crore (13 milliards de dollars US).

En février 2020, The Economic Times a rapporté que la phase de conception préliminaire du programme avait été achevée avec succès. Le rapport indique que le groupe de conception des sous-marins de la Direction de la conception navale, assisté par l'Organisation de Recherche et Développement pour la Défense, va maintenant commencer à travailler sur la phase de conception détaillée et de construction du programme.

La marine indienne a donné la priorité à la construction de sous-marins du projet 75 Alpha par rapport au troisième porte-avions.

Initialement, trois sous-marins devraient être construits en 2023-2024, tandis que les trois autres obtiendront l'autorisation plus tard. Le premier bateau devrait entrer en service en 2032. La classe de navire aura une autorisation de conception finale à Gurugram par Submarine Design Group, son réacteur nucléaire sera construit à Kalpakkam, la fabrication de la coque aura lieu à Hazira et enfin l'assemblage et les essais en mer seront entrepris au centre de construction navale (Ship-Building Centre) à Visakhapatnam.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens internes
 Liste des sous-marins de l'Inde

Classe de sous-marin de la Marine indienne
Classe de sous-marin nucléaire d'attaque

Projet 75 Alpha


عمر الشادي،  شاعر وأديب وإعلامي لبناني من مواليد طرابلس الشام عام 1973م. يقيم في بيرث / أستراليا.

هجرته
هاجر إلى أستراليا، وأسس جريدة الحياة (شاملة مستقلة) في سيدني في الأول من أيار 2002 وترأس هيئة تحرير الجريدة حتى شهر حزيران عام 2007. كما أسس مجلة الزمان الأسترالية وترأس هيئة تحريرها أيضا حتى عام 2007. أسس (رصد) Arab Media Watch Centre وهي مؤسسة غير ربحية تعنى بمكافحة التمييز العنصري ضد العرب عبر مراحل ثلاثة:

 بناء جهاز العمل من متطوعين ومراكز وتجهيزات مختلفة.
 رصد الصحافة المقروءة والمسموعة على اختلاف لغات النشر.
 ملاحقة التمييز العنصري ضد العرب أمام محاكم الإعلام.

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
شعراء وشاعرات لبنانيون
مواليد 1973

عمر الشادي


Yerry Fernando Mina González () este un fotbalist profesionist columbian, care joacă ca fundaș central la echipa Everton din anul 2018 și la Echipa națională de fotbal a Columbiei. El deține recordul pentru cele mai multe goluri marcate într-o singură Cupă Mondială, cu trei goluri la Campionatul Mondial de Fotbal 2018.

Acesta poartă numărul 24, număr care i-a aparținut lui Jérémy Mathieu până în sezonul trecut.

A fost transferat de la FC Barcelona la Everton FC pe 30 de milioane de euro, cu care are contract până în 2023.

A mai jucat la echipele Deportivo Pasto, unde și-a făcut junioratul, Santa Fe și Palmeiras, înainte de a ajunge la clubul catalan.

Palmares

Club

Santa Fe

  Copa Sudamericana: 2015
 Superliga Colombiana: 2015

Palmeiras

 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2016

Barcelona

 La Liga: 2017–2018
 Copa del Rey: 2017-2018

Individual

 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A Team of the Year: 2016
 Campeonato Paulista Team of the Year: 2017

Referințe

Nașteri în 1994
Fotbaliști columbieni
Fotbaliști ai FC Barcelona
Fotbaliști ai Campionatului Mondial de Fotbal 2018
Fotbaliști ai Everton FC

Yerry Mina


Begonia coccinea é uma espécie de planta do género Begonia decrita em 1843 por William Jackson Hooker.

Begonia coccinea é uma espécie encontrada nas florestas submontanas e montanas dos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo, com distribuição disjunta entre os dois. Cresce geralmente sobre árvores de 20-30 m de altura. Erros de identificação são frequentemente atribuídos a uma planta amplamente cultivada em jardins, entretanto, o cultivar Begonia 'coccinea Hort. diferencia-se por se tratar de uma planta terrestre (vs. epífita), com flores alvas a róseas (vs. vermelhas) e cápsulas cordiformes (vs. obtriangulares).

 Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil.

 Notas
Contém texto em CC-BY-SA 4.0 disponibilizado em Jacques, E.L.; Gregório, B.S. 2020. Begoniaceae in Flora do Brasil 2020.' Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro.Disponível em: <https://floradobrasil2020.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB34128>. Acesso em: 17 abr. 2022

coccinea
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo
Plantas descritas em 1843

Begonia coccinea


An Phreatia caudata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Phreatia caudata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Phreatia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 P. c. caudata
 P. c. tenuissima

Mga kasarigan

Phreatia

Phreatia caudata


Die Cuivre Township ist die östlichste von 8 Townships im Audrain County im mittleren Nordosten des US-amerikanischen Bundesstaates Missouri. Das U.S. Census Bureau hat bei der Volkszählung 2020 eine Einwohnerzahl von 4.717 ermittelt.

Geografie
Die Cuivre Township liegt im äußersten Osten des Audrain County etwa 45 km westlich des Mississippi, der die Grenze zu Illinois bildet. Die Township erstreckt sich über 291,39 km², die sich auf 289,99 km² Land- und 1,40 km² Wasserfläche verteilen. Benachbarte Townships sind die Prairie und die Linn Township im Westen. Im Norden, Osten und Süden grenzen das Ralls, das Pike und das Montgomery County an die Cuivre Township.

Bevölkerung
Bei der Volkszählung im Jahr 2010 hatte die Township 5125 Einwohner.

Orte in der Cuivre Township
Die Cuivre Township enthält zwei selbstverwaltete Gemeinden, die beide den Status City besitzen:

 Farber
 Vandalia1

1 – teilweise im Ralls County

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks
 Cuivre Township, Audrain County, Missouri

Cuivre Township (Audrain County, Missouri)


Fatick é uma cidade do Senegal, localizada entre M'bour e Kaolack e habitada pelo povo Serer. Sua população em 2005 foi estimada em 24.243. É a capital da região de Fatick e do departamento de Fatick.

Subdivisões do Senegal

Fatick


Morten Jensen (11. november 1976 – 8. maj 2018) og Peter Palland er to danske tv-personligheder, ofte blot kaldet Morten og Peter. De blev kendt i TV 2-dokumentaren Er jeg da helt gak, mor? skabt af Nick Horup i 1991. Morten og Peter er født med Downs syndrom.

Tv-optrædener
Er jeg da helt gak, mor? (1991)
Er jeg stadig gak gak, mor? (1995)
Ikke helt gak! (2000)
Morten og Peter vender tilbage (2002)
Morten og Peter i Dublin (2003)
Gak gak i køkkenet (2006)
Morten og Peter - stjernerne på vej (2013)

Kilder

Tv-personligheder fra Danmark
Duoer

Morten og Peter


La Interestatal 15 (abreviada I-15) es una autopista interestatal ubicada en el estado de Idaho. La autopista inicia en el sur desde la  hacia el norte en la . La autopista tiene una longitud de 315,4 km (196 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las carreteras estatales, las carreteras federales, la Interestatal 15 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Idaho por sus siglas en inglés ITD.

Cruces
La Interestatal 15 es atravesada principalmente por la .

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de ITD
 Lista de ciudades servidas por autopistas interestatales
 Lista de Autopistas por estado

Carreteras interestatales de Idaho

en:Interstate 15#Idaho

Interestatal 15 en Idaho


Stefan Kraft (Schwarzach im Pongau, 13. svibnja 1993.) austrijski je skijaš skakač i svjetski rekorder u skijaškim skokovima.

Karijera
Nekoliko sezona natjecao se u FIS kupu i Kontinentalnom kupu, a u Svjetskom kupu debitirao je 6. siječnja 2012. u Bischofshofenu, na posljednjoj postaji Novogodišnje turneje. Godinu kasnije u Innsbrucku plasmanom na 23. mjesto osvojio je svoje prve bodove u Svjetskom kupu. Samo 2 dana kasnije, točno na godišnjicu svog debija (ponovo u Bischofshofenu), došao je i do prvog pobjedničkog postolja, osvojivši 3. mjesto. Nakon još 2 dana, u kvalifikacijama za natjecanje u Wisłi, skokom od 139 m postavio je rekord skakaonice Malinke.

Na Svjetskom juniorskom prvenstvu 2013. u Liberecu osvojio je brončanu medalju iza Slovenca Jake Hvale i Poljaka Klemensa Murańke.

Dana, 29. prosinca 2014. ostvario je svoju prvu pobjedu u karijeri, i to na otvaranju Novogodišnje turneje u Oberstdorfu. Na ostala tri natjecanja bio je šesti, drugi i treći, što mu je bilo dovoljno da osvoji turneju, čime je ostvario najveći uspjeh u dosadašnjoj karijeri.

Na Svjetskom prvenstvu 2015. u švedskom Falunu došao je i do prve pojedinačne seniorske medalje u karijeri osvojivši broncu na maloj skakaonici. Na istom prvenstvu osvojio je i srebrnu medalju u ekipnim skokovima na velikoj skakaonici. Najbolju sezonu u karijeri završio je na 3. mjestu u ukupnom poretku Svjetskog kupa iako je jedno vrijeme bio vodeći i imao dobre šanse za ukupnu pobjedu.

U sezoni 2015./'16. osvojio je još dvije brončane medalju (jednu pojedinačnu i jednu ekipnu), ovog puta na domaćem terenu na Svjetskom prvenstvu održanome na skakaonici Kulm u Tauplitzu.

U sezoni 2016./'17. prvi dio proveo je u traženju prave forme. Novogodišnju turneju završio je na 6. mjestu u ukupnom poretku usprkos pobjedi u Oberstdorfu i 3. mjestu u Garmisch-Partenkirchenu, ali kako je sezona više odmicala, postajao je sve bolji, izbivši na 1. mjesto u ukupnom poretku Svjetskog kupa. Na Svjetskom prvenstvu 2017. u finskom Lahtiju postao je svjetski prvak na maloj skakaonici, što mu je prva zlatna pojedinačna medalja na velikim natjecanjima. Tome je dodao srebrnu medalju u mješovitim ekipnim skokovima već sljedećeg dana, a na velikoj skakaonici osvojio je i drugu zlatnu medalju, čime je postao najuspješniji skijaš skakač na ovom prvenstvu, a svemu je dodao i brončanu medalju u ekipnim skokovima, osvojivši tako medalju u svim nastupima na ovom prvenstvu.

I nakon Svjetskog prvenstva nastavio je nizati uspjehe. Postao je pobjednik inauguralnog izdanja turneje Raw Air (doslovno Sirovi zrak), održane na četirima skakaonicama u Norveškoj. U sklopu ove turneje, u ekipnim skokovima u Vikersundu 18. ožujka 2017, postavio je novi svjetski rekord doletjevši na 253,5 m, pritom jedva izbjegavši da dodirne snijeg (u tom slučaju rekord ne bi vrijedio), samo nekoliko minuta nakon što je Norvežanin Robert Johansson za pola metra popravio dotad aktualni rekord svoga zemljaka Andersa Fannemela (251,5 m). Sezonu je zaključio dvjema pobjedama u Planici, čime je potvrdio 1. mjesto u ukupnom poretku Svjetskog kupa, ali i 1. mjesto u Svjetskom kupu u skijaškim letovima 2016/2017.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Službena internetska stranica
 Profil na FIS-u.

Austrijski skijaši skakači

Stefan Kraft


A Capela de São Manços é um templo católico localizada nas Portas de Moura, freguesia da Sé e São Pedro em Évora, Portugal.

Esta capela do século XVII apresenta a curiosidade de ser encontrar dentro de uma das torres das Portas de Moura nas muralhas da cidade. No interior destaca-se um retábulo de quatro pequenos painéis pintados a óleo sobre tela com cenas da vida de São Manços: "Prisão do São Manços", "Açoitamento na Coluna", "Flagelamento no Cavalete" e "São Manços trabalhando na construção de obras públicas perante o pretor Validio"

Sé e São Pedro
Capelas no distrito de Évora
Monumentos nacionais em Évora
Património edificado em Évora

Capela de São Manços (Évora)


Agrilus alpenae é uma espécie de inseto do género Agrilus, família Buprestidae, ordem Coleoptera.

Foi descrita cientificamente por Baudon, 1968.

Referências

alpenae

Agrilus alpenae


ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ත්‍රස්තවාදයට එරෙහිව තිස් වසරක් පුරා තිබූ මෙහෙයුම් අවසානයේ ක්‍රි.ව. 2009 දී  දෙමළ ඊළාම් ටිමුක්ති කොටි සංවිධානය හමුදාමය වශයෙන්  සහමුලින්ම පරාජය කිරීමට ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාව සමත්විය. වසර 2009 මැයි 19 වන දින නන්දිකඩාල් කලපුවේදී මේජර් ජෙනරල් කමල් ගුණරත්නගේ නායකත්වයෙන් සටන් කළ 53 වන සේනාංකයේ සෙබළුන් විසින් වේලුපිල්ලේ ප්‍රභාකරන් ඇතුළු ජ්‍යෙෂ්ඨ නායකයින් රාශියක් සටනේදී මරා දමන ලද අතර එය ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ දෙමළ ඊළාම් කොටි සංවිධානයේ අවසානය සනිටුහන් කළේය. රණමඟ ඔස්සේ නන්දිකඩාල් පොත වෙතින් එම අවසන් මෙහෙයුමේ කතාවයි.

ත්‍රස්තවාදයට එරෙහි ක්‍රියාමාර්ග - ශ්‍රී ලංකා

රණමඟ ඔස්සේ නන්දිකඩාල්


قائمة بالأبطال في 1883 البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية لكرة المضرب (المعروفة الآن باسم أمريكا المفتوحة):

الكبار

فردي رجال

 ريتشارد سيرز هزم  جيمس دوايت 6-2 6-0 9-7

مراجع

البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية (كرة مضرب) حسب السنة
الرياضة في 1883
الرياضة في رود آيلاند في 1883
أحداث أغسطس 1883
أحداث أغسطس 1883 الرياضية
رود آيلاند في 1883
كرة المضرب في 1883

البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية 1883 (كرة مضرب)


Kalça kemiği (os coxa, koksal kemik), pelvisi oluşturan düzensiz kemiktir. Kimi omurgalılarda üç bölümden oluşur: ilium, iskiyum ve pubis.

Alt ekstremite kemikleri
Düzensiz kemikler
İskelet sistemi
Pelvis

Kalça kemiği


Vasilii Șova (Crasnoarmeiscoe, ) é um político russófono da Moldávia.

Biografia
Vasilii Șova nasceu em 18 de julho de 1959 em Crasnoarmeiscoe, no distrito de Hîncești, RSS da Moldávia. Graduou-se na escola de construção naval em Mykolaiv (Ucrânia) e na Faculdade de Direito da Universidade Estatal de Chisinau.

Após o colapso da União Soviética, Vasilii Șova foi membro do Parlamento da Moldávia (1990–1994). Em 1994 foi nomeado para o Ministério das Relações Exteriores, onde exerceu os cargos de chefe do departamento e vice-chefe da Direção da CEI (1994–1995), vice-ministro das Relações Exteriores (1995–1998) e embaixador da Moldávia em Pequim (1998–2002).

Em 12 de dezembro de 2002, por decreto do Presidente da Moldávia, Vasilii Șova foi eleito Ministro da Reintegração da Moldávia e reeleito em 19 de abril de 2005 e em 31 de março de 2008.

Foi eleito deputado no Parlamento da Moldávia nas eleições de 29 de julho de 2009, sendo reeleito nas eleições antecipadas de 28 de novembro de 2010. Ele concorreu novamente ao cargo de deputado nas eleições de 30 de novembro de 2014 pelo Partido dos Comunistas da Moldávia, mas não conseguiu aceder ao parlamento.

Em 12 de abril de 2013, Șova foi eleito para a função de Presidente da Comissão Parlamentar de Direitos Humanos e Relações Interétnicas, substituindo Vadim Mișin.

Vasilii Șova recebeu a medalha de Mérito Civil em 22 de agosto de 1996 e a Ordem da Glória do Trabalho em 11 de fevereiro de 2009.

Ligações externas
  – Parlamento da Moldávia
  – Eleições parlamentares na Moldávia

Naturais da Moldávia
Políticos da Moldávia

Vasilii Șova


Mr. Peanut  is the advertising logo and mascot of Planters, an American snack-food company owned by Hormel. He is known for dying in January of 2020, but revived a couple days later. He is depicted as an anthropomorphic peanut in its shell, wearing the formal clothing of an old-fashioned gentleman, with a top hat, monocle, white gloves, spats, and cane. He is reported of British heritage and has the proper name of Bartholomew Richard Fitzgerald-Smythe.

History
Planters Peanut Company was founded in 1906 in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania by Amedeo Obici, and incorporated two years later as the Planters Nut and Chocolate Company. In 1916, a young schoolboy, Antonio Gentile submitted drawings of an anthropomorphic peanut to a design contest. When his design was chosen, commercial artist Andrew S. Wallach added the monocle, top hat, and cane to create the iconic image. Gentile's family originally received five dollars for winning the contest. Obici befriended them and paid Antonio's, and four of his siblings', way through college. After Obici paid Antonio's way through medical school as well, Antonio became a doctor in Newport News, where he died of a heart attack in 1939.

There is a disputed claim that Frank P. Krize Sr., a Wilkes-Barre artist and head of the Suffolk plant, made the additions of the monocle, top hat, and cane. Wallach's daughter, Virginia, maintains that Krize joined the project after Mr. Peanut was created. However, neither Planters' history nor other sources still in circulation positively identify the artist.

By the mid-1930s, the raffish figure had come to symbolize the entire peanut industry. Mr. Peanut has appeared on almost every Planters package and advertisement and is one of the best-known icons in advertising history.
He has appeared in many TV commercials as an animated cartoon character. More recent commercials have shown him stop-motion animated in a real-world setting.

In 2005, Mr. Peanut was shown in MasterCard's "Icons" commercial during Super Bowl XXXIX, which depicts several advertising mascots having dinner together.

In 2006, Planters held an online contest to determine whether to add a bow tie, cufflinks, or pocketwatch to Mr. Peanut. The public voted for no changes.

While the character's television commercials were often accompanied by an accented narrator, Mr. Peanut never had dialogue. On November 8, 2010, Planters announced that actor Robert Downey Jr. would become Mr. Peanut's first-ever voice actor.

In 2011, Mr. Peanut's "stunt double", Peanut Butter Doug, was introduced to tie in with the Planter's Peanut Butter launch. The character is voiced by Kevin Dillon.

On July 1, 2013, Planters cast comedian and Saturday Night Live alumnus Bill Hader as the voice for a campaign focusing on its Planters Nut-rition product line.

In 2017, the Virginia General Assembly passed a joint resolution commending Mr. Peanut.

In 2018, Mr. Peanut was once again revamped, albeit for the first time since 2009, and became silent again.

Baby Nut and Peanut Jr.

On January 22, 2020, Planters released a teaser for its Super Bowl LIV commercial featuring Mr. Peanut, Wesley Snipes and Matt Walsh. The trio was shown hanging onto a branch after accidentally driving the Nutmobile off a cliff to avoid an armadillo, with Mr. Peanut electing to let go and fall to his death onto the Nutmobile, which then explodes. The company's social media outlets stated that his funeral would be the subject of Planters' Super Bowl ad.

Planters suspended the campaign shortly after the Calabasas helicopter crash on January 26, which killed all passengers including former NBA player Kobe Bryant. They eventually resumed the campaign with the Super Bowl commercial, which showed Snipes and Walsh presiding over the funeral of Mr. Peanut, also attended by fellow mascots Kool-Aid Man and Mr. Clean. Kool-Aid Man's tears combined with sunlight cause a new, younger incarnation of Mr. Peanut, dubbed "Baby Nut", to grow from the soil.

After the premiere of the commercial, the Planters Twitter account was used to make posts in character as Baby Nut. It also retweeted posts from several Baby Nut meme accounts created before the ad aired, prompting Twitter to suspend them under the presumption that they were created by the company's agency to manipulate the platform in violation of its terms of use.

The campaign faced a mixed reaction from viewers, while comparisons were drawn between the character and other juvenile incarnations of characters seen in media, such as Grogu and Groot. Explaining the intent of the campaign, a spokesman for Planters' advertising agency cited the examples of superhero deaths in the Marvel Cinematic Universe for how such a death could connect with viewers and potential customers.

In August 2020, a continuation of the campaign launched, where Baby Nut is revealed to have aged into a 21-year-old young adult, "Peanut Jr." This decision resulted in much more volatile reactions than Baby Nut's campaign, with a tweet encouraging others to block Peanut Jr.'s account becoming viral.

A Nut Above, 2021 refresh
The Baby Nut campaign ended in February 2021, with Mr. Peanut returning to adulthood; Planters announced it would not "spend $5 million dropping (the character) off a cliff"; the company introduced a new campaign, "A Nut Above", and announced that it would highlight people "who made the world a little less nutty" in 2020. In preparation for the sale of Planters by Kraft to Hormel, Planters relaunched the Mr. Peanut character in May 2021 with new commercials depicting a two-dimensional, animated version of the mascot, and focusing on the nutritional qualities of its products.

Influence
In the 2010 novel Mr. Peanut by Adam Ross, a man fantasizes about killing his peanut-allergic wife by force-feeding her peanuts.  "He poured out a handful and ate them and then wiped the salt from his empty hand on his pants.  He looked at the chipper Planters Peanuts man tipping his top hat hello and thought about how one bite could kill Alice dead."

The artist Vincent Trasov, dressed as Mr. Peanut, ran as a joke candidate in the 1974 Vancouver, British Columbia civic elections.

References

External links

 Planters.com: History of the Planters Nut

Peanut, Mister
Peanut, Mister
Fictional food characters
Peanut, Mister
Peanut, Mister
Peanut, Mister
Mascots introduced in 1916
Mr. Peanut

Mr. Peanut


La Fédération des cercles catholiques est une structure de coordination des forces politiques catholiques belges, fondée en 1869 à la suite des congrès de Malines de 1863, 1864 et 1867.

Introduction

À la suite des congrès de Malines de 1863, 1864 et 1867 et aux besoins de revendications et d'union des catholiques, naît la Fédération des Cercles catholiques le 18 avril 1869. Le parti catholique naît, lui, en 1867 mais ses ambitions commencent bien avant. En effet entre 1846 et 1863 nous pouvons dire que les catholiques forment déjà un parti mais il leur manque l'essentiel d'une organisation. Leurs ambitions sont modestes, par exemple favoriser le développement de nos institutions dans la paix et la légalité. Son origine est politique et non sociale.

La fédération est une structure de coordination des forces politiques catholiques. Elle est une réaction au parti libéral qui formait à ce moment-là l'unique parti de Belgique. Les catholiques commencent petit à petit avec la Fédération à s'affirmer et à revendiquer leurs idées. C'est en Flandre, là où l'esprit catholique est le plus fort, que la Fédération des Cercles prend naissance. Grâce à ce soutien flamand, les catholiques gagneront les élections en 1870 et le gouvernement Malou verra le jour. Lors du scrutin législatif du 10 juin 1884, les catholiques gagnent la majorité absolue qu'ils conserveront jusqu'à la Première guerre mondiale et donnent également le rôle de parti politique à la Fédération des Cercles catholique et des associations conservatrices. La Fédération est donc usuellement désignée sous le nom de Parti Catholique.

Naissance

Le contexte historique

Après avoir gagné son indépendance en 1830, la Belgique fut un état unioniste. L'unionisme est ce mouvement politique belge qui rassemble les libéraux et les catholiques en un parti en les faisant coopérer. Cependant, les catholiques étant très proches de l'état belge et du roi, cela crée des frustrations auprès des libéraux qui avaient des tendances anticléricales. Ces libéraux décidaient de se détacher du parti unioniste et de former en 1846 le Parti libéral grâce au financement de la franc-maçonnerie.

En réalité, il existait un autre parti de fait. Ceux qui n'étaient pas libéraux et qui avaient plus tendance à être de droite. Cependant, ce parti mit du temps à se structurer car il était divisé entre les modérés et les ultra-mondistes. Un réel besoin de structure et de leadership se fit ressentir, et ce encore plus quand les libéraux en 1870 arrivaient avec les réformes pour un enseignement neutre en remplaçant les cours de religion par des cours de morale.

Les Congrès de Malines

Les Congrès de Malines de 1863, 1864 et 1867 sont le fondement du futur développement du Parti Catholiques. En effet, ils vont donner une impulsion majeure aux forces politiques catholiques sans pour autant arriver à l'apparition d'un parti ou encore la création d'un programme.

Durant ces congrès, des hommes catholiques se réunissaient pour échanger des points de vue sur la situation intérieure du pays et pour discuter d'une rénovation de la société par la religion.
Ce qui ressort du premier congrès du 18 au 22 août 1863 c'est la manifestation de fierté des congressistes de travailler ensemble pour la bonne cause, et qu'il y à une vraie volonté de former un parti politique pour défendre ces libertés religieuses. Une liberté comme celle imaginée par les constituants de 1830 qui perçoivent les sentiments religieux de la nation comme un moyen de garder l'ordre social. Ce premier Congrès a eu pour conséquence de donner aux catholiques l'organisation qui leur manquait.

Ces discours vont, à la suite de ces congrès, être cristallisés en créant la Fédération des Cercles catholique et des associations conservatrices. Elle va réunir tous ces groupements catholiques afin de réunir leurs forces, et donner du sens à leur travail en répondant également aux besoins des temps. La droite parlementaire sera ainsi dès à présent soutenue par une opinion solidement organisée. Les catholiques belges seront enfin dotés de l'organisation qui leur manquait, mais aussi d'un comité central et de statut, tout ça dans le but de défendre les intérêts et les libertés des catholiques. La Fédération des Cercles catholique et des associations conservatrices sera fondée le 18 avril 1969.

Du FCC au parti catholique

Durant la deuxième partie du , ce seront les libéraux qui seront principalement au pouvoir. Néanmoins, la victoire aux élections  législatives des libéraux en 1878 à nouveau et plus que jamais attisé chez les catholiques cette envie de se réunir pour réunir les forces catholiques. Dans une période dominée par les libéraux, les catholiques essaient tant bien que mal de se donner progressivement une structure. Ceux-ci vont prendre conscience de leur devoir politique et dès lors intensifier de manière considérable leurs différentes activités récréatives et culturelles. Les catholiques décident donc de donner à la Fédération des Cercles catholiques, qui jusqu'ici avait été une coordination des forces politiques catholiques, le rôle de parti politique catholique à l'occasion du scrutin législatif du 10 juin 1884.  La fédération sera dès  à présent désignée sous le nom de Parti Catholique. Ce parti politique est en réalité davantage un conglomérat de trois forces diverses: la presse catholique, des groupes parlementaires catholiques et des comités électoraux.

Programme électoral et activités

Le 18  août 1869, la Fédération des cercles catholiques tient son premier Congrès de Malines où vingt-neuf cercles sur les trente et un seront représentés. Amand Neut, le secrétaire de la Fédération, va mettre l'accent sur le fait qu'il faut attirer la jeunesse et de la préparer du mieux qu'on peut à l'idée d'une défense religieuse comme l'a également préconiser un Louvaniste durant le congrès. À Cette époque cette défense religieuse n'est qu'au stade communal et provincial, mais très vite elle sera requise sur la scène nationale.

La Fédération des Cercles catholiques occupe également une grande place dans la résistance catholique. Le 17 décembre 1878, le secrétaire de la Fédération envoie à différents cercles une circulaire afin de leur exposer tous les moyens qui doivent être pris et qui sont à leur disposition pour lutter contre les lois anti-religieuses que le parti libérale veut prendre pour l'enseignement primaire.

La structuration d'un réel parti politique catholique met donc un petit temps à se faire, mais on voit au fil du temps, progressivement avec la structuration, un programme électoral se construire. Lors d'une assemblée générale de la Fédération des cercles catholiques et des associations conservatrices en avril 1882 Victor Jacobs annonça au programme trois idées de projets bien précis: une réforme électorale, une abrogation de la loi scolaire de 1879 et une liberté provinciale et communale. Ces idées seront popularisées par Auguste Beernaert, Jules Malou et Charles Woeste lors de la campagne électorale des élections législatives qui auront lieu en juin 1882.

Personnes importantes

Edouard Ducpétiaux (1804-1868)

Edouard Ducpétiaux est considéré comme le secrétaire général  ainsi que comme un immense initiateur des Congrès de Malines. Fervent opposant à la peine de mort, il oriente sa politique vers des questions sociales. Pour lui, il faut la création d'un parti catholique qui défend les intérêts de la religion en défendant les libertés de cultes et constitutionnelles ainsi que les droits qui en émanent. Par exemple, concernant la liberté d'enseignement, il veut reconnaître le droit supplétif de l'État de donner l'instruction.Les deux moyens que Ducpétiaux préconise sont d'une part la presse afin de protester contre les altérations à la Constitution. Et d'autre part, les tribunaux en ce qui concerne le redressement de certains griefs.

Charles Woeste (1837-1922)

Passionné de politique depuis toujours, Charles Woeste prononce un discours largement remarqué sur les Luttes et triomphes de l'Église durant le premier Congrès de Malines. Ensuite, en 1974, il deviendra le représentant d'Alost où il sera reconnu comme un bon debater. Il honorera ce poste durant quarante-huit ans. Cependant, Woeste est un homme d'État imparfait. En effet, il se limite à des questions politiques intérieures et n'en a que faire de l'Europe et de la protection militaire de la Belgique. Il devient pourtant ministre de la Justice en 1884 et Président de la Fédération des Cercles de 1884 à 1914.

Victor Jacobs (1838-1891)

En 1867, Victor Jacob prend part au troisième Congrès de Malines durant lequel il va avancer   le fait que chacun doit rester dans sa sphère sociale, pour lui le clergé ne doit en aucun cas s'immiscer dans la vie politique. Il est également devenu ministre de l'Intérieur en 1884. Au sein du parti catholique, il est considéré comme un chef et un médiateur de fer tenant compte des différentes opinions et sachant hisser les questions politiques en amont des intérêts électoraux. Il sait également accorder les idées de Charles Woeste et Beernaert.

Fin du parti
La fédération des Cercles catholiques belges gardera jusqu'à la fin de la première guerre mondiale un poids déterminant dans le monde catholique. Mais dès 1935, l'Union catholique se mue en Bloc catholique, composé de deux ailes.

Le lendemain de la seconde guerre mondiale marque de nombreux changements dans le catholicisme belge. Le Bloc catholique devient une formation catholique qui se revendique. On peut donc rattacher la fin du parti à la sortie de la deuxième guerre mondiale.

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Articles connexes
 Fédération des cercles ouvriers catholiques belges

Notes et références

Catholicisme en Belgique

Fédération des cercles catholiques


O WTA Tour de 2000 foi a turnê de elite do tênis feminino profissional organizado pela Women's Tennis Association (WTA) para a temporada de 2000.

O WTA Tour de 2000 incluiu os quatro torneios Grand Slam, o WTA Championships e os eventos WTA Tier I, Tier II, Tier III e Tier IV. Os torneios da ITF não faziam parte do WTA Tour, embora atribuíssem pontos para o WTA World Ranking.

Ranking de final de ano
Lista das 20 primeiras do ranking de final de ano da WTA de 2000 em competições de simples e duplas:

Ver também
 Temporada do Grand Prix de tênis de 2000
 Associação de Tênis Feminino (WTA)
 Federação Internacional de Tênis (ITF)

Ligações externas
 WTA Tournaments - 2000 WTA

2000
W
Temporadas da WTA

Temporada da WTA de 2000


Spezia Calcio er ítalskt knattspyrnufélag frá La Spezia. Það spilaði í Serie A í fyrsta sinn í sögu sinni árið 2020. Það komst upp um deild í gegnum sigur í umspili. Spezia Calcio spilar heimaleiki sína á  Stadio Alberto Picco.

Íslendingar sem spilað hafa fyrir félagið
Mikael Egill Ellertsson
Sveinn Aron Guðjohnsen

Ítölsk knattspyrnufélög

Spezia Calcio


السيد أحمد بن عبد السلام الحَرّاق السريفي هو عالم دين مغربي، مقرئ مسند من قبيلة أهل سريف الواقعة شمال المغرب.

نسب أحْمَد الحَرّاق السّرِيفِي
هو السيد أحمد بن عبد السلام بن الطاهر العلمي السريفي الصفصافي  بن محمد بن علي الحراق  بن الحسن بن الحسين بن علي بن محمد بن عبد الله بن يوسف بن أحمد بن الحسين بن مالك بن عبدا لكريم بن حمدون بن موسى الرضى بن سليمان العلمي الإدريسي المعروف بمشيش بن أبو بكر بن علي العلمي الإدريسي بن بو حرمة بن عيسى بن سلام العروس بن أحمد مزوار الإدريسي بن علي حيدرة بن محمد بن إدريس الثاني بن إدريس الأول بن عبد اله الكامل بن الحسن المثنى بن الحسن بن علي ابن أبي طالب وفاطمة الزهراء بنت الرسول محمد بن عبد الله (صلى الله عليه واله).

عِلمُ السيد أحْمَد الحَرّاق السّرِيفِي

كان أحْمَد الحَرّاق السّرِيفِي يختص بعلوم القرآن وعلم الدراية والإرسال فيما يتعلق بروايات القراءة القرآنية. وكان من كبار قرّاء ومجودي المغرب في القرن العشرين. ذكره له الشيخ الكتاني في "فهرس الفهارس" وقال: "لصاحبنا الفقيه الأستاذ المجود أبي العباس أحمد بن عبد السلام بن الطاهر العلمي السريفي الصفصافي...يروي القراءات عن والده الفقيه الناسك الأستاذ أبي محمد عبد السلام بن الطاهر الحراق السريفي (والصّفصاف هو مدشر كان يأوي الشرفاء الحراقيين السّريفيين).

طريق أبي العباس أحمد بن عبد السلام الحراق السريفي في الرواية
كان أحمد بن عبد السلام الحراق السريفي يروي القراءات عن والده الفقيه الناسك الأستاذ أبي محمد عبد السلام بن الطاهر الحراق السريفي وعن أبي عبد الله محمد بن محمد بن محمد بن قاسم السريفي البجدياني وكذا عن أبي العباس أحمد التلمساني السماتي
و عن ابن عبد السلام الفاسي بأسانيده كما في فهرسته وأول المحاذي.
وأخذ فن القراءات أيضا عن الأستاذ الصالح العلامة أبي العباس المكي بن يرمق السماتي تلميذ أبي علي الحسن كنبور اللجائي. وأخذها أيضا عن الناسك المجود أبي محمد الهاشمي بن الحسن السريفي الدفني، وهو عن والد صاحب التحفة وقد فصل في «التحفة» المذكورة مروياته عمن ذكر وأسانيدهم، ألفها إجازة لتلميذه الخليفة المبجل أبي حفص عمر ابن السلطان أبي علي الحسن بن محمد ملك المغرب الأقصى رحمهم الله.

بيعته للسلطان مولاي الحسن الأول

جاء في وثيقة وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الإسلامية بالمملكة المغربية تؤرخ لبيعة مولاي الحسن الأول تحت عنوان: بيعة أهل العرائش والقصر الكبير وأصيلة وبني كرفط: للسلطان مولاي الحسن الأول بأن أحمد بن عبد السلام الحراق السريفي كان من بين الشيوخ والسادة الشرفاء الذين بايعو مولاي الحسن الأول سلطانا على المغرب.

مؤلفاته
 تحفة الأبرار في التعريف بالشيوخ والسادات الأخيار
 كناشة أحمد بن عبد السلام السريفي الصفصافي لنقول وإجازات أبي القاسم بن أحمد الفاسي.

وفاته
توفي السيد أحْمَد الحَرّاق السّرِيفِي في الفتنة الريفية بالمغرب سنة 1344هـ 1925م ومن المعروف عن الشرفاء الحرّاقيين وبخصوص وجهائهم المقاومة السلمية. وحيث أن أحْمَد الحَرّاق السّرِيفِي جنح للمقاومة السلمية ضد الاستعمار الإسباني إبان الحرب الريفية حيث حصل انشقاق بين المقاومة السلمية بقيادة الريسوني والمسلحة بقيادة الخطابي، فكان من ضحايا تلك الفتنة السيد أحْمَد الحَرّاق السّرِيفِي.

المصادر

أشخاص مغاربة في القرن 19
دارسون مغاربة
صفحات تحتاج تصنيف سنة الولادة
علماء حديث
علماء حديث من المغرب
علماء دين سنة مغاربة
كتاب سيرة مغاربة
كتاب وكاتبات مغاربة
مالكية
وفيات 1344 هـ
وفيات 1925
كتاب بالعربية في القرن 20

أحمد الحراق السريفي


Vandijkophrynus é um género de anfíbios da família Bufonidae. Está distribuído por Namíbia, África do Sul, Lesotho, Suazilândia, Zimbabwe e Moçambique. Foi batizado em homenagem a Eddie Van Dijk, um herpetólogo sul-africano.

Espécies
 Vandijkophrynus amatolicus (Hewitt, 1925)
 Vandijkophrynus angusticeps (Smith, 1848)
 Vandijkophrynus gariepensis (Smith, 1848)
 Vandijkophrynus inyangae (Poynton, 1963)
 Vandijkophrynus nubicola (Hewitt, 1927)
 Vandijkophrynus robinsoni (Branch and Braack, 1996)

Referências

Bufonidae
Gêneros de anfíbios

Vandijkophrynus


Lille stjernetop (Deutzia gracilis) er en lille, løvfældende busk med en meget rig blomstring af hvide (hos visse sorter dog svagt lyserøde) blomster. Busken bliver brugt meget ofte i haver og parker på grund af den kompakte vækst og den kraftige blomstring. Planten er fuldt hårdfør i Danmark.

Lille stjernetop er en løvfældende busk med en stift opret og fingrenet vækst. Barken er først lyst grågrøn, men senere bliver den rødbrun med grå korkporer. Blomsterbærende skud er derimod glatte og olivengrønne. Gamle grene får til sidst en bark, der er afskallende i tynde flager. Knopperne er tilliggende, spidste og gråbrune. Bladene er modsat stillede og lancetformede til smalt ægformede med lang spids og tandet rand. Oversiden er grågrøn, mens undersiden er lysere og mere grå. Begge bladsider er ru af stive hår. Blomstringen foregår i maj-juni, hvor man finder blomsterne samlet i oprette stande fra bladhjørnerne. De enkelte blomster er 5-tallige og regelmæssige med hvide kronblade og gule støvdragere. Frugterne er kapsler med mange frø.

Lille stjernetop når en højde på ca. 1,50 m og en kronebredde på ca. 1,00 m (ældre eksemplarer kan dog få større kronebredde end deres højde).

Rodsystemet består af nogle få grovrødder og mange, højtliggende finrødder.

Hjemsted
Lille stjernetop hører hjemme i skove, buskadser og krat på bjergene i Japan (Honshu, Shikoku og Kyushu) og på Taiwan. Her vokser den i fuld sol eller let skygge på sur til neutral og veldrænet, men alligevel fugtig jordbund.

Galleri

Noter

Hvide blomster
Buske
Haveplanter

Lille stjernetop


9413 Eichendorff este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
9413 Eichendorff este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Tautenburg de Freimut Börngen. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,34 ua, o excentricitate de 0,19 și o înclinație de 4,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 9001-10000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1995
Centura de asteroizi

9413 Eichendorff


Londres may refer to:

Locations
 London, capital of the United Kingdom and England, called Londres in French, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician, and Filipino
 Londres, Catamarca, Argentina, formally "San Juan de la Ribera de Londres" or "Londres de la Nueva Inglaterra"
 Londres, Lot-et-Garonne, a former commune of France, now part of Puymiclan
 Nueva Londres, a town in the Caaguazú department of Paraguay

People with the surname
 Albert Londres (1884–1932), French journalist and writer
 Richie Londres, also known as Altered Beats, English musician, hip hop record producer, lead guitarist and multi-instrumentalist

Other uses
Albert Londres Prize, prize in the name of Albert Londres
Radio Londres, a radio broadcast from 1940 to 1944 from the BBC in London to Nazi occupied France
 Londres Nova, Mars, capital of the Martian Congressional Republic in the Expanse series

See also
 London (disambiguation)

Londres


Fynbos, Güney Afrika'nın karakteristik bitki örtüsüdür. Bu ismi bölgeye ilk gelen Hollandalılar vermiştir.

Fynbos, narin ağaç anlamına gelmektedir. Güney Afrika'nın Kap bölgesine özgü olan bu bitki türünün şiddetli sıcaklığa ve kuraklığa dayanma kapasitesi çok yüksektir. 8500 değişik türü mevcuttur. Bu bitki örtüsünün en büyük düşmanı yangınlardır. Ancak bu tür zamanla geliştirdiği alev ve dumanlara dirençli tohumlar ve toprak altında saklanan kalın kabuklarla bunun da üstesinden gelmiştir. Bugün bahar geldiğinde binlerce türüyle Cape Town'ın çevresini kuşatmaktadır.

Afrika'daki ekobölgeler
Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti florası
Güney Afrika Cumhuriyeti'ndeki Dünya Mirasları

Fynbos


La Red Transeuropea de Ferrocarril se compone de la Red Transeuropea de Ferrocarril de Alta Velocidad (TEN-R) y de la Red Transeuropea de Ferrocarril Convencional. Es una de las redes que componen la Red Transeuropea de Transporte (TEN-T) de la Unión Europea.

De acuerdo con el artículo 10 de la Decisión n º 1692/96/EC del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo deL 23 de julio de 1996 sobre las orientaciones comunitarias para el desarrollo de la Red Transeuropea de Transporte, la red ferroviaria debe incluir las infraestructuras y las instalaciones que permitan la integración del ferrocarril con las carreteras y, cuando corresponda, con los servicios marítimos y de transporte aéreo. En este sentido se indica que debe prestarse especial atención a la conexión de los aeropuertos regionales a la red.

La red ha de tener las siguientes características:
 Debe desempeñar un papel importante en el tráfico de pasajeros de larga distancia.
 Debe permitir la interconexión con los aeropuertos donde sea posible.
 Debe permitir el acceso a las redes ferroviarias regionales y locales.
 Debe facilitar el transporte de mercancías mediante la identificación y el desarrollo de rutas troncales de transporte de mercancías o de rutas en las cuales los trenes mercantes tengan prioridad
 Debe desempeñar un papel importante en el transporte intermodal
 Debe permitir la interconexión a través de los puertos con el tráfico marítimo de corta distancia y con las vías navegables interiores.

Véase también
 Red Transeuropea de Carreteras.
 Red Transeuropea de Vías Navegables Interiores.
 Red Transeuropea de Puertos.
 Red Transeuropea de Aeropuertos.
 Red Transeuropea de Transporte Combinado.
 Red Transeuropea de Gestión de Cargas.
 Red Transeuropea de Gestión de Tráfico Aéreo.

Referencias

Red Transeuropea de Ferrocarril


.mq Martinik için internet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır. (CcTLD)

Martinik'te iletişim
Martinik medyası
mq

.mq


La señorita Julie (Fröken Julie, en el original) es una película dramática sueca de 1951, filmada en blanco y negro y dirigida por Alf Sjöberg. El guion, del propio director, se basa en La señorita Julia, una obra teatral de August Strindberg. La película tiene como protagonistas a Anita Björk y Ulf Palme.

Sinopsis
La película trata sobre las diferencias de clase, sexo y poder en el , cuando la hija de un conde sueco inicia una relación con un sirviente de la casa.

Reparto

 Anita Björk como Julie.
 Ulf Palme como Jean.
 Märta Dorff como Kristin, cocinera.
 Lissi Alandh como Condesa Berta, madre de Julie.
 Anders Henrikso  como Conde Carl, padre de Julie.
 Inga Gill como Viola.
 Åke Fridell como Robert.
 Kurt-Olof Sundström como novio de Julie.
 Max von Sydow como Hand.
 Margaretha Krook como Governanta.
 Åke Claesson como médico.
 Inger Norberg como Julie de niña.
 Jan Hagerman como Jean de niña.
 Torgny Anderberg como supervisor.
 Bibi Andersson como niña que baila.
 Per-Axel Arosenius como amigo del conde.
 Frithiof Bjärne como concurrente en la iglesia.
 Ingrid Björk como actor de reparto.
 Helga Brofeldt como camarera.
 Sture Ericson como padre de Jean Jean.
 Georg Fernqvist como amigo del conde.
 Hartwig Fock como hombre durmiendo en la iglesia.
 Svea Holst como madre de Jean.
 Holger Kax como amigo del conde, vecino.
 Birger Lensander como hombre en el baile.
 Martin Ljung como compañero de baile de Julie.
 Signe Lundberg-Settergren como camarera.
 John Norrman como compañero de baile de Julie.
 Maud Walter como actor de reparto.

Comentario
Se ha escrito sobre este filme:

Producción
Alf Sjöberg había dirigido en 1949 una adaptación teatral de la obra con Ulf Palme e Inga Tidblad en los roles principales. Para la versión fílmica no sólo conservó a Palme en su papel sino que también usó muchos de los diseños de los escenarios. Tidblad, de casi 50 años, fue reemplazada por Anita Björk. En ese momento de 27 años, si bien la interpretación de Tidblad siguió siendo un modelo ideal para el director, y Björk solo sintió que se trataba de su propia interpretación en las escenas exteriores que no estaban en la versión teatral.
La filmación se hizo entre el 28 de abril y el 18 de julio de 1950 en los Estudios Sandrew y en varios lugares de la región de Estocolmo, incluidos Dalarö, Stora Wäsby Castle y el Drottningholm Palace Park.

Premios

4.ª edición del Festival de Cannes

1.ª Semana Internacional del Cine de San Sebastián

 Premio de Chaplin Magazine (publicación del Instituto Sueco del Cine) (1964)
 Premio Circle Prize 	(1954)
 Premio del Festival Internacional de Cine de Punta del Este (1952)
 Premio del Festival de Cine de Punta del Este (1952) para Alf Sjöberg
 Premio del Festival de Cine de Punta del Este (1952) para Göran Strindberg
 Premio del Svenska Filmjournalisternas Klubbs (Club de Periodistas Cinematográficos de Suecia) (1952).

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Películas basadas en obras de teatro
Películas en blanco y negro
Películas ganadoras de la Palma de Oro
Películas basadas en obras de August Strindberg

La señorita Julie


Chaowat Veerachat (født 23. juni 1996) er en thailandsk fodboldspiller.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Thailand

Chaowat Veerachat