José Flabio Torres Sierra (Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia, 7 de diciembre de 1970) es un director técnico y exfutbolista colombiano, actualmente dirige al Deportivo Pasto.

Bajo la dirección técnica del Deportivo Pasto, logró el ascenso a la máxima categoría en 2011 luego de mantenerse durante todo el año como líder de la Reclasificación, en el segundo semestre del Torneo Postobon lo corona campeón. por lo que es "catalogado como el técnico revelación del Torneo Postobón.

Formación académica
Flabio es licenciado en educación física de la Universidad del Tolima. Además posee la licencia Pro de la Conmebol.

Como jugador
Flabio jugó con la  (sub 17 y 19) e integró la Selección para el Copa Mundial de Fútbol Sub-20 de 1989 equipo en el cual fue capitán.

Tras la excelente participación en las eliminatorias de la Copa Mundial de Fútbol Juvenil de 1989 realizada en Arabia Saudita, el Deportivo Cali decide comprar sus derechos deportivos y contar con su participación en el torneo finalización en 1988, en 1989 fue su delegado en la cancha y Selección Colombia para Copa Mundial de Fútbol Juvenil de 1989 clasificados hasta octavos de final.  En 1990 - 1991 Juega con Once Caldas, 1992 con Cúcuta Deportivo, 1993 Santa Fe, 1994 regresar a su tierra natal a jugar con Deportes Tolima con quien fue campeón en la Categoría Primera B. 1995 en el Atlético Bello, en 1996 -1997 con el Cooperamos Tolima, en el primer semestre del 1998 con Atlético Huila y termina su carrera como futbolista en el segundo semestre de 1998 en Girardot F.C. tras una lesión en la rodilla.

Como entrenador
Entre 1999 - 2007 asume la dirección técnica de las inferiores del Deportes Tolima, llegando a ocupar el cargo de asistente técnico del equipo profesional en 2006 - 2007. En 2008 asume la dirección técnica del Expreso Rojo dirigiendo al equipo cundinamarques hasta la fecha 16.ª torneo apertura y la 4.ª de la Copa Colombia a pesar de hacer una extraordinaria campaña fue reemplazado por Félix Valverde Quiñones, El 22 de marzo de 2009, en la jornada 9 del Torneo Apertura, asume la asistencia técnica del Deportivo Pasto. Luego del descenso del cuadro "pastuso" a la Primera B, toma las riendas como nuevo asistente técnico del Deportivo Cali para la temporada 2010, por una corta temporada. Luego Tras diálogos con los directivos del Deportivo Pasto, regresa el cuerpo técnico tolimense nuevamente la conducción técnica del conjunto nariñense.

En el 2011 Luego de trabajar de la mano de Jorge Luis Bernal, toma las riendas del Deportivo Pasto, las recomendaciones de Bernal fueron tenidas en cuenta por las directivas del equipo nariñense, quienes al no poder llegar a un acuerdo con el exentrenador se decidieron por su pupilo. Es en este año una vez en la cabeza e ilusion del Deportivo Pasto que obtiene un merecido premio para una gran afición que siempre acompañó al equipo y celebró este anhelado regreso al profesionalismo.

En el 2012 continuando con el proceso, encaminando al equipo para tener una identidad futbolística. Terminada la fase de todos contra todos, Deportivo Pasto se ratificó en el grupo de los clasificados a los cuadrangulares semifinales de la Liga Postobón 2012-I llegando a diputar la gran final con Independiente Santa Fe, donde queda subcampeón.

Este Deportivo Pasto en el 2012 protagoniza todos los torneos que disputa, porque en la Copa Colombia 2012, también se llega a la final junto a Nacional, donde queda nuevamente subcampeón.

Por una excelente labor con el Deportivo Pasto en los años anteriores, en el año 2013 el Once Caldas lo contrata como su nuevo director técnico, en toda su trayectoria con el conjunto manizalita obtuvo buenos resultados, el más destacado fue la pre clasificación de su equipo a la Copa Libertadores, pero ese sería la final de una buena campaña, en esa fase tuvo que enfrentar al Corinthias de Brasil, su equipo perdería la chance de clasificar a jugar la Copa Libertadores debido a la goleada de 4 a 0 que sufriría en el partido de ida. Debido al flojo comienzo de su campaña, el estratega tolimense abandonaría el equipo el 30 de marzo de 2015. En la Liga, dejaría al Once Caldas en el puesto 12 de la tabla, con 14 puntos de 33 que ha disputado, para un rendimiento del 42 por ciento. Teniendo un partido aplazado, contra Millonarios.

Después de un receso de por lo menos dos meses sin tener ningún tipo de contacto con el fútbol profesional, el 11 de mayo de 2015, el Cúcuta Deportivo lo oficializaría como su nuevo director técnico, empezando labores siete días después de su anuncio y estrenándose hasta la segunda temporada de este mismo año. Resaltando que tendrá que armar un equipo competitivo para poder salvar al equipo "motilon" de un descenso. Luego de no obtener los resultados esperados, el 1 de septiembre fue despedido de la dirección técnica del equipo motilón y dejándolo al borde del descenso.

Luego de estar siete meses sin estar dirigiendo, el 9 de mayo de 2016 llega al Atlético Bucaramanga con el objetivo de armar un equipo competitivo y salvarlo del descenso. Tuvo una aceptable campaña logrando meterlo a los play-off de la liga en el puesto 7.º del todos contra todos; ya en los play-off, se enfrentó al Deportivo Cali donde lo derrotó 2-1 en la ida y en la vuelta igualó por 1-1, dándole el paso al equipo búcaro a las semifinales. En las semifinales se enfrentó al Deportes Tolima donde le ganó por 1-0 en la ida y en la vuelta ganó el equipo pijao 2-1 y tuvieron que definir el paso a la final en la tanda de penales; el equipo tolimense logró acceder a la final ganado 4-2 en los penales, dejando a las puertas al Atlético Bucaramanga de disputar su segunda final de su historia. El 16 de diciembre llegó a un acuerdo con los directivos para dejar la dirección técnica, dejando buenos números y estando cerca de disputar una final con el equipo santandereano.

Dos días después de dejar la dirección técnica del Atlético Bucaramanga, el 18 de diciembre de 2016 lo contrata el Deportivo Pasto con el objetivo de lograr una buena campaña y salvarlo del descenso, que estuvo muy cerca para el conjunto pastuso. Hace una gran campaña durante el Torneo Apertura terminando 3.º y prácticamente alejándolo del descenso; en los play-off tuvo que enfrentar al América de Cali, empatando sin goles (0-0) en el Pascual Guerrero de Cali, llegando con la ilusión de avanzar a las semifinales al partido de vuelta disputado en Pasto en el Estadio La Libertad; pese a que el equipo volcánico tuvo las opciones para irse al frente del marcador, en el minuto 71 Juan Camilo Hernández anotó para el equipo escarlata, dejando al Pasto a las puertas de la semifinal. Para el segundo semestre, el equipo mantuvo la base con la que disputó el torneo anterior, pero no pudo lograr la misma campaña del primer semestre terminando en el puesto 15 y comprometiendo al equipo en el descenso de cara a la siguiente temporada. Para el 2018 el técnico tolimense logró reforzarse con un equipo competitivo para alejar del descenso al equipo pastuso y así lograr una buena campaña; en el Torneo Apertura el equipo no estuvo a las expectativas, no mostraba un juego vistoso y peligraba en el descenso, finalmente terminó en el puesto 18 comprometiéndolo en el descenso para el segundo semestre.
Luego de tres fechas disputadas del Torneo Finalización donde logró dos derrotas y un empate, renunció al equipo volcánico el día 6 de agosto tras los malos resultados del equipo que cada vez se comprometía en la tabla del descenso.

Atlético Bucaramanga
Semanas después de haber renunciado al Deportivo Pasto por malos resultados, el 30 de agosto de 2018 regresa al Atlético Bucaramanga tras la destitución de Carlos Mario Hoyos por malos resultados dejando al equipo búcaro en el puesto 15 de la tabla. Con la llegada del técnico tolimense se han logrado buenos resultados logrando estar en los puestos de privilegio, pero cabe destacar que no puede dirigir desde el banco ya que a comienzo del torneo dirigió al Deportivo Pasto y le toca ver los partidos desde los palcos, por lo cual dirigen desde la raya sus ayudantes de campo Óscar Serrano y Robert Villamizar. Finalmente el equipo búcaro termina en la 4.ª posición del todos contra todos logrando una extraordinaria campaña clasificando a la fase de Play-Off, donde fue eliminado a manos del Deportivo Independiente Medellín donde perdió por 3-0 en el Estadio Atanasio Girardot en la ida, y aunque el partido de vuelta lo ganó por 2-0 en el Estadio Alfonso López, no alcanzó para pasar a la siguiente fase, despidiéndose del campeonato con una de las mejores campañas de la historia del Atlético Bucaramanga. Para el 2019 se mantendría en el Atlético Bucaramanga, manteniendo la base del equipo que había logrado una gran campaña el semestre anterior; en las primeras cinco fechas no tuvo un buen inicio, logrando apenas cuatro derrotas y una victoria frente al Deportivo Pasto, fue destituido 18 de febrero de 2019 tras perder 3-2 ante el Cúcuta Deportivo.

Binacional
El 8 de septiembre de 2020 renuncia a la dirección técnica del Deportivo Binacional de Perú tras perder con el River Plate argentino en la Copa Libertadores con marcador global de 14-0 en partidos de ida y vuelta, 8-0 y 6-0 respectivamente.

Deportivo Pasto
El día 10 de agosto de 2021 regresa a la dirección técnica del Deportivo Pasto. Dirige su primer partido en la fecha 5 del torneo finalización.

En el Torneo Apertura 2023 tiene una campaña aceptable clasificándose en la fecha 20 frente al Envigado FC al cuadrangular semifinal con un contraversial autogol en los últimos minutos del encuentro. Luego, en el Cuadrangular semifinal en la última fecha frente al Atlético Nacional estuvo clasificado durante todo el segundo tiempo a la final frente a Millonarios pero un gol de Jarlan Barrera al minuto 90+2 se lo impidió y el conjunto verdolaga fue el que pasó a la final.

Clubes

Como jugador

Como asistente

Como director técnico

Estadísticas como entrenador
 Actualizado de acuerdo al último partido dirigido el .

Palmarés

Campeonatos nacionales

Referencias

Nacidos en Ibagué
Futbolistas del Independiente Santa Fe
Entrenadores de fútbol de Colombia
Entrenadores Expreso Rojo
Entrenadores del Deportivo Pasto
Entrenadores del Deportes Tolima
Entrenadores del Cúcuta Deportivo
Entrenadores del Atlético Bucaramanga
Entrenadores del Club Deportivo Binacional FC
Alumnado de la Universidad del Tolima

Flabio Torres


El Codex Campianus (París, Biblioteca Nacional de Francia (Gr. 48); Gregory-Aland no. M o 021) es un manuscrito uncial del siglo IX. El códice contiene los cuatro Evangelios.

El códice consiste de un total de 257 folios de 22 x 16,3 cm. El texto está escrito en dos columnas por página, con entre 24 líneas por columna.

El texto griego de este códice es una representación del tipo textual bizantino. Kurt Aland lo ubicó en la Categoría V.

Véase también
 Lista de los manuscritos unciales del Nuevo Testamento Griego
 Ecdótica
 Codex Cyprius

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Bernard de Montfaucon, Palaeographia Graeca, sive, De ortu et progressu literarum graecarum (Paris, 1708), p. 260.
 Russell Champlin, Family E and its Allies in Matthew, S & D XXVIII (Salt Lake City, 1967), pp. 163–169.

Enlaces externos
 Codex Campianus Me (021): en el Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism

Códices
Unciales del Nuevo Testamento
Manuscritos del Nuevo Testamento en griego
Documentos conservados en la Biblioteca Nacional de Francia
Manuscritos bíblicos del siglo IX

Codex Campianus


Randall Allen Terry (born 1959) is an American activist and political candidate. Terry founded the anti-abortion organization Operation Rescue. Beginning in 1987, the group became particularly prominent for blockading the entrances to abortion clinics; Terry led the group until 1991. He has been arrested more than 40 times, including for violating a no-trespass order from the University of Notre Dame in order to protest against a visit by President Barack Obama.

In 2003, Terry founded the Society for Truth and Justice and conducted a program which he called Operation Witness. In 1998, he ran for Congress in Upstate New York, and in 2006, he ran for a seat in the Florida State Senate, both times, he lost in the Republican primary.

Career as an activist
In 1986, Terry was arrested for the first time for chaining himself to a sink at an abortion clinic. Terry was frequently in the news because of his activities as the leader of Operation Rescue.

Terry was named as a co-defendant in the 1994 Supreme Court case, NOW v. Scheidler, a class-action suit to compel anti-abortion leaders to compensate clinics for loss of business. Terry settled out of court with the National Organization for Women. Rather than pay the settlement, Terry promptly filed for bankruptcy, prompting Senator Charles Schumer to propose an amendment to a bankruptcy bill in Congress which would "specifically ... prevent abortion opponents from using the bankruptcy code to avoid paying court fines." The amendment was not included in the final bill. In 1998, NOW obtained more than 25,000 "frequent flyer miles" which were held by Terry in order to help satisfy a legal judgment.

In 1990, Terry helped to organize protests outside the hospital where Nancy Cruzan was a patient, around the time when her feeding tube was removed. The group Missouri Citizens for Life was also involved in the protests, along with the Rev. Patrick Mahoney, a former Operation Rescue staffer. He was also involved in protests which were related to the Terri Schiavo case. In 1994, Terry was a named defendant in Madsen v. Women's Health Center Inc. which ultimately made it all the way to the US Supreme Court. The Justices sided with Aware Woman Clinic and upheld a Buffer Zone. In 1998, Randall Terry ran for the United States House of Representatives in Upstate New York. Terry competed with radio station owner William "Bud" Walker for the Republican nomination to face Democratic incumbent Maurice Hinchey. Terry received the endorsement of Focus on the Family head James Dobson; however, national and state Republicans were not supportive of Terry's candidacy. Terry was defeated by Walker 53% to 35%, but he was the Right to Life Party's nominee in the general election. Terry came in third place, winning 7% of the vote, with Hinchey and Walker winning 62% and 31% respectively. In 2000, Terry and his son Jamiel promoted the candidacy of Steven Forbes in the Republican presidential primary. In June 2005, Terry announced plans to run in the primary against Florida Republican state senator James E. King, citing King's attempt to block legislation which would have kept Terri Schiavo alive. In August 2006, in an attempt to undermine King's support in a Republican primary the next month, Terry publicized an endorsement of King by "Bill Clinton" — actually, robo-calls by a professional impersonator of former president Bill Clinton. The two "Clinton" scripts each contained a disclaimer. One was, "Hello friend, Bill Clinton here – not really!" The other was "This is a celebrity impersonation." Terry used the scripts and the impersonator in 43,000 calls. The "no amnesty" line was a reference to immigration reform proposals which were an issue in many campaigns in 2006. On September 5, 2006, Terry was defeated in the primary, with King receiving over two-thirds of the votes which were cast.

On March 20, 2009, the White House announced that President Barack Obama was going to speak at the May 17 Commencement of the University of Notre Dame. Terry declared that Notre Dame, which is one of the foremost Catholic universities in the nation, should not have allowed Obama to speak. Terry objected to Obama's speech because Obama supports abortion rights. In an article which was published in the University's newspaper, The Observer, Terry was quoted as stating that he planned to turn the commencement into "a circus." On the Notre Dame campus on May 1, 2009, Terry was arrested for violating a no-trespassing order. He posted a bond of $250 at the St. Joseph County Jail, was released that same day, and was assigned a court date later that month. In a statement which he released to a Christian news service, Terry claimed that Notre Dame's invitation to Obama was a betrayal of Catholic teaching, comparing it to Judas' betrayal of Jesus Christ.

When Kansas obstetrician George Tiller was murdered while he was serving as an usher in his Wichita church on the morning of May 31, 2009, Terry immediately issued a statement in which he denounced Tiller. On the same day, June 1, Terry released a video in which he called president Barack Obama and pro-choice politicians "child killers", and he also stated that Tiller was a "mass murderer" who "reaped what he sowed." He voiced regret that Tiller wasn't able to "get things right with his maker" and he also stated that it was unfortunate that Tiller didn't get a "trial of a jury of his peers and to have a proper execution." Terry's comments provoked a backlash. In an editorial, the Albany Times-Union, accused Terry of undermining the credibility of the "generally peaceful" anti-abortion movement.

In 2013, Terry appeared on an episode of MTV's True Life and during his appearance on the show, he advocated the criminalization of all forms of birth control. During the course of the episode he stated, "Do we want to make the pill illegal? Yes. Do we want to make the IUD illegal? Yes. The morning after pill? Yes. The patch? Yes. Anything that's a human pesticide, they all have to be made illegal. A woman has to go to jail if she kills her baby."

Terry produces and hosts a television program which is titled Randall Terry: The Voice of Resistance, which airs on The Walk TV and can be seen on his website "Voice of Resistance".

2012 presidential candidacy

In January 2011, Terry announced his intention to challenge President Barack Obama in the Democratic Party primaries for the presidential election of 2012. His campaign strategy was based upon a commercial during Super Bowl XLVI featuring graphic photographs of aborted fetuses; historically, the networks have refused all political and issue-related advertising during the Super Bowl, citing equal-time rules, and the advertisement did not air.

The attempt to air the ads led to legal action and a statement by the Democratic National Committee that Terry was not a legitimate candidate, and thus should be forbidden privileges given others running.

In December 2011, he became the physical target of candidate Vermin Supreme, who sprinkled glitter over his head during a debate claiming he was turning Randall homosexual for a period of time.

According to unofficial results, Terry received 18% of the vote in the 2012 Democratic Oklahoma Presidential Primary. He also won 12 counties in the state, including the entire panhandle, and was awarded two delegates in the Democratic Primary. Kansas TV station KDGL-LD channel 23, is an Independent TV station serving Southwest Kansas and the Oklahoma Panhandle. It and its sister stations carry Randall's Walk TV program, broadcasting the length of the Panhandle. It was the only primary in which Terry won any counties or delegates. He had also appeared on the ballots in Alaska, Missouri, and New Hampshire.

Campaign finances
Detailed below are the FEC-filed finances of Randall Terry for President Campaign Committee as of 05/09/2014

2012 congressional candidacy
Although he lives in West Virginia, Terry paid his filing fee and ran as an independent candidate for Congress in Florida's 20th District. Incumbent Democrat Alcee Hastings won that election with 88% of the vote on November 6, 2012.

Personal life
Terry's personal life has frequently come under public scrutiny, some of which he has welcomed, going so far as to put his foster children on his curriculum vitae as part of his anti-abortion "bona fides". Terry has been married twice, and he has fathered children during both of his marriages. With his first wife Cindy, he had a daughter and then he fostered two additional daughters and a son. He adopted the two youngest foster children. He has four sons with his second wife, Andrea.

The son of public school teachers, Terry was raised in Rochester, New York. After dropping out of high school, hitch-hiking around the United States, and returning home to work in various jobs, he attended Elim Bible Institute, graduating in 1981. In the early 1980s, Terry married Cindy Dean, a woman who he had met in Bible school. In 1985, he met a woman who had borne her second child in prison and was planning to have an abortion rather than have a third child. Terry persuaded her to continue with the pregnancy and a daughter named Tila was born later that year. In 1987, Cindy and Randall Terry had a daughter together, whom they named Faith. In March 1988, they took in Tila, then aged three, and her siblings Jamiel, 8, and Ebony, 12, as foster children. All three of them are biracial; their mother was white. Terry formally adopted the two younger children in 1994 and on his résumé, he began to describe his family as: "Children: One by birth and three black foster children," although Ebony had left home at the age of 16 in 1991. Ebony, who was not adopted by Terry, uses the surname Whetstone, but Jamiel and Tila took and retained the surname Terry. She converted to Islam, a religion which Terry has preached is composed of "murderers" and "terrorists." In 2004, Terry described his relationship with Ebony as "good." However, Terry banned Tila from his home after she became pregnant outside of marriage twice by the age of 18; her first pregnancy ended in a miscarriage.
In 1998, when Terry was accused of advocating racism while he was running for Congress, his son Jamiel stepped forward to defend him. In 2000, Jamiel worked with his father on Steven Forbes' campaign for the Republican nomination for U.S. president, and he campaigned with his father against gay marriage in Vermont. In 2004, Jamiel publicly announced that he is gay and he also wrote an article for Out Magazine, for which he was paid US$2,500. When he learned that the Out article was going to be published, Terry pre-empted Jamiel by writing an essay, "My Prodigal Son, the Homosexual", in which he writes of pain and disappointment, blames Jamiel's homosexuality and his other troubles on his childhood experiences, and contends that much of the Out Magazine article is false and was written by other people. Jamiel's response was, "My father's first and foremost aim is to protect himself. He talks about how I prostitute the family's name, but he's used the fact that he saved my sister from abortion and rescued me from hardship in his speeches and interviews. What's the difference?"

In 2000, Terry divorced Cindy Dean, his wife of 19 years, and married his former church assistant, Andrea Sue Kollmorgen. Kollmorgen, born c. 1976, was approximately 25 years old at the time of their nuptials; As a consequence of the divorce, the home on  where he had lived with Cindy and their four children was going to be sold. In 2000, some in the press unfavorably compared his decision to divorce Cindy Dean and marry Kollmorgen to the opinion which he expressed in his 1995 book, The Judgment of God: "Families are destroyed as a father vents his mid-life crisis by abandoning his wife for a 'younger, prettier model.' " His sentiments against divorce had been so strong that when his own parents got divorced, "Randall refused to let his children speak with their grandfather for three years," according to interviews which were conducted with the family by the Washington Post. As a result of Terry's divorce from Cindy Dean, the pastor of the Landmark Church of Binghamton, New York, "unceremoniously tossed him out" although Terry had been a member there for 15 years. That church had previously censured him because he had abandoned his wife and the two children while they were still living at home in preparation for divorce, and it also censured him by claiming that he was engaging in a "pattern of repeated and sinful relationships and conversations with both single and married women." After the censure and expulsion, Terry joined the Charismatic Episcopal Church, a denomination which was established in 1992. After a period of study which commenced in 2005, Terry formally converted to Roman Catholicism in 2006, taking the confirmation name "David Mark." After his conversion, he disavowed his first marriage and divorce, saying, "There were tragic problems that were inherent to the marriage. According to Catholic doctrine as it has been taught to me, those problems made it an invalid sacrament."

In 2004, the Washington Post reported that Terry and Cindy's daughter was in college. Five years into his second marriage, a 2006 article in the National Catholic Register described his current family as "his three, soon to be four, rambunctious young boys." Terry's second wife, Andrea, is also an anti-abortion activist and in 2008, she was arrested for trespassing while she was leafleting a Roman Catholic cathedral parking lot with campaign fliers for a fictitious candidate who was advocating the enslavement of African-Americans. Randall Terry stated, "The piece was intended to be incendiary and basically a satire," a protest against vehicles in the church parking lot which, he said, carried bumper stickers supporting pro-choice political candidates, particularly Rudy Giuliani.

Terry's son Jamiel was killed in an automobile accident in November 2011. They had reportedly reconciled prior to Jamiel's death.

In 2012, Terry moved his growing family to Romney, West Virginia, to focus on his campaign.

Works

Bibliography
Accessory To Murder: The Enemies, Allies, And Accomplices To The Death of Our Culture (1990)
Why Does A Nice Guy Like Me... Keep Getting Thrown In Jail?: How theological escapism and cultural retreatism in the Church have led to America's demise. (1993)
The Sword: The Blessing Of Righteous Government And The Overthrow Of Tyrants (1995)
A Humble Plea: To Bishops, Clergy, Laymen: Ending the Abortion Holocaust (2008) http://ahumbleplea.com

Discography
I Believe in You
Dark Sunglasses Day

References

External links

Voice of Resistance
Presidential campaign website
Radio show

1959 births
Living people
American Pentecostals
American anti-abortion activists
Converts to Roman Catholicism
New York State Right to Life Party politicians
Roman Catholic activists
Candidates in the 2012 United States presidential election
21st-century American politicians
Activists from New York City
Politicians from Rochester, New York
People from Romney, West Virginia
Activists from Rochester, New York
New York (state) Republicans
West Virginia Republicans
West Virginia Democrats
West Virginia Independents
Catholics from West Virginia
Catholics from New York (state)

Randall Terry


Tiakola, de son vrai nom William Mundala né le  à Bondy, est un rappeur et chanteur français, ancien membre du groupe 4Keus avant que le groupe soit mis de côté pour pouvoir lancer sa propre carrière.

Biographie

Enfance
D'origine congolaise, Tiakola naît à Bondy et grandit dans la cité des 4000. Il est le dernier d'une fratrie de huit enfants.

Inscrit dans le club de football du Bourget depuis l'âge de 5 ans, il abandonne le football et le rêve de faire une carrière sportive dans le football à 16 ans, découragé par la concurrence. Il se tourne vers la musique après s'être découvert un talent pour le chant et le rap en accompagnant ses amis lors de sessions d'enregistrement en studio.

Carrière

4Keus (2015-2020)
A partir de 2015, Tiakola est membre du groupe 4Keus, qui se sépare en deux entités en 2017, pour former 4Keus et 4Keus Gang. C'est cette année-là que le groupe connaît son premier succès, avec le titre O'Kartier C'est La Hess (single d'or). 4Keus sort ensuite deux albums, en 2018 (La vie continue) et 2020 (Vie d'artiste), tous deux disques d'or.

Carrière solo (depuis 2019)
En avril 2019, sans quitter son groupe, Tiakola se lance dans une carrière solo avec le titre Sombre mélodie, extrait de la compilation CRCLR Mouvement. Au mois de septembre, il apparait sur le titre Mme Caroline de Liim's.

Par la suite, il est invité pour des collaborations par des artistes tels que Dadju, Franglish ou Gazo puis revient en solo en mai 2021 avec le morceau Pousse-toi. Les featurings s'enchainent pour Tiakola : Dinos, Alonzo, MHD, Ronisia, Niska, Maes, Gambino la MG... Ses singles solos se font plus rares, mais il travaille sur son premier album.

Mélo (2022)
C'est le 21 avril 2022 que sort M3lo, premier extrait officiel de son premier projet. Deux singles plus tard, Si j'savais et Coucher de soleil, Tiakola sort le 27 mai 2022 son premier album Mélo contenant 16 morceaux (20 avec les versions physiques) dont des collaborations avec les rappeurs Hamza, Gazo, Niska, SDM et Rsko. Il est certifié double disque de platine en mars 2023. Il apparaît ensuite sur Fleurs de Gazo, issu de la mixtape KMT, qui connait un grand succès, notamment grâce à la version que Tiakola fait seul dans ses concerts, virale sur TikTok, et single de diamant en février 2023.

Le 12 mars 2023, il se produit pour la première fois à l'Olympia de Paris.

Discographie

Album studio

Singles

Apparitions
 2019 :
 Leto feat. Naza, Tiakola - Kiffe la mode (sur la mixtape Trap$tar 2)
 Tiakola - Sombre mélodie (sur la compilation CRCLR Mouvement)
 Liim's feat. Tiakola -  Caroline
 Prototype feat. Tiakola - Pause
 2020 :
 Franglish feat. Tiakola et Leto - Biberon (sur l'EP Mood)
 Dadju feat. Tiakola - Dieu Merci (sur l'album Poison ou Antidote, Édition Miel Book)
 Liim's feat. Tiakola - Mood
 Prototype feat. Tiakola - Bob Marley (sur l'album Jeune bandit serpent)
 2021 :
 Prototype feat. Tiakola, Liim's - Cocaina (sur l'album Jeune bandit serpent)
 Gazo feat. Tiakola - Kassav (sur la mixtape Drill FR)
 Chily feat. Tiakola - 2,3 coups de fil (sur la compilation CRCLR Mouvement 2)
 Alonzo feat. Tiakola - Ami ou ennemi (sur la mixtape Capo Dei Capi, Volumes II et III)
 Dinos feat. Tiakola - Prends mes lovés (sur l'album Stamina, Memento)
 MHD feat. Tiakola - Pololo (sur l'album Mansa)
 Ronisia feat. Tiakola - Comme moi (sur l'album Ronisia)
 Leto feat. Tiakola - Mapessa (sur l'album 17%)
 Niska feat. Tiakola - Joe Pesci (sur la mixtape Le monde est méchant)
 Niska feat. Tiakola - Journée (sur la mixtape Le monde est méchant)
 Tayc feat. Tiakola - P A S C O M M E Ç A (sur l'album Fleur froide - Second état : la cristallisation)
 Maes feat. Tiakola, Zed - Mardi Gras (sur l'album Réelle Vie 3.0)
 2022 :
 Cinco feat. Tiakola, Bné - Capi (sur l'album Sacrifices)
 Gambino la MG feat. Tiakola - Reste-là (sur la mixtape Gambinerie)
 Dehmo feat. Hache-P et Tiakola - Devant le nine (sur l'album Poetic Bendo II)
 Théodore feat. Tiakola - M3 (sur l'EP Aswad)
 Gazo feat. Tiakola - Fleurs (sur la mixtape KMT)
 Chily feat. Tiakola - Où sont mes amis ? (sur l'album Van Bommel)
 Rsko feat. Tiakola - Palavé (sur l'album LMDB)
 SDM feat. Tiakola - Redescends (sur l'album Liens du 100)
 Mig feat. Tiakola - Quand j'y repense (sur l'album Toujours+)
 Dosseh feat. Tiakola - Plus belle la vie, plus belle la mort (sur l'album Trop tôt pour mourir)
 Zed feat. Tiakola - Me sauver (sur l'album Soixvnt3)
 Bushi feat. Tiakola - Près de Cœur (sur la mixtape Interlude)
 2023 :
 Aya Nakamura feat. Tiakola - Cadeau (sur l'album DNK)
 Hamza feat. Tiakola - Atasanté Part. 2 (sur l'album Sincèrement)
 Zola feat. Tiakola - Toute la journée (sur l'album Diamant du bled)
 Jey Brownie et Flem KGB feat. Tiakola - Cadenacer (sur l'album Faits divers)
 Werenoi feat. Tiakola - Tout seul (sur l'album Carré)
 Prinzly feat. Tiakola - Compact (sur l'album Passager (((8))))
 Joé Dwèt Filé feat. Tiakola - Délire (sur l'album Daddy 9)
 S.Pri Noir feat. Tiakola - Bonsoir Paris (Mama No Cry) (sur l'album La Cour des Miracles)

Distinctions

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Bondy
Naissance en décembre 1999
Rappeur français
Chanteur français du XXIe siècle
Chanteur des années 2020
Nom de scène
Mononyme

Tiakola


Radion Cucereanu (n. 23 august 1927, satul Ruseni, județul Soroca, Regatul României – d. 6 februarie 2018, Chișinău, Republica Moldova) a fost un autor de manuale, lucrări didactice și povestiri și profesor român din Basarabia, membru al Uniunii Scriitorilor din Moldova, precum și un luptător pentru românism, autor al trilogiei "Lacrimile românilor basarabeni". Este cetățean de onoare al comunei natale Ruseni.

Biografie
Radion Cucereanu s-a născut în data de 23 august 1927, în satul basarabean Ruseni, județul Soroca, Regatul României (azi Ruseni, comuna Ruseni, raionul Edineț, Republica Moldova). Tatăl său, Vladimir, a fost funcționar la primărie și om respectat de săteni. Potrivit unuia dintre nepoții lui Radion, Cristian, Vladimir avea origini bucovinene și era unul dintre cei mai cultivați oameni din sat. Mama lui Radion, Lidia, a murit la scurt timp după nașterea sa, iar Vladimir s-a căsătorit cu Ana, care a devenit astfel mama vitregă a lui Radion. Radion, încă din copilărie a fost bibliofil.

A studiat la Colegiul agricol din Grinăuți (1945-1949) și la facultatea de biologie și chimie a Institutului Pedagogic din Tiraspol (1951-55).

S-a consacrat activității pedagogice, fiind profesor de biologie în școală. Între 1951 și 1961, Radion a predat în școlile din satele Grozești, Dolna și Micleușeni din raionul Nisporeni. Din 1961 până în 1964 a fost colaborator al Institutului de Perfecționare a Cadrelor Didactice din Moldova. A jucat un rol în eliminarea din școli a pseudo-științei biologie promovate de Lâsenko. S-a ocupat de instruirea profesorilor de biologie, ajungând să aibă discipoli pe tot teritoriul Republicii Moldova de azi.

Din 1964 până în 1971 a realizat împreună cu trei elevi emisiunea "Prieteni ai naturii". A fost membru permanent al juruiului la zece olimpiade televizate de biologie. În anii 1970-73 a elaborat împreună cu crainicul Elena Strâmbeanu emisiunea "Plai natal", în care erau abordate problemele mediului înconjurător.

În 1987, deschide Muzeul Pâinii în satul Grinăuți-Moldova din raionul Ocnița. Timp de patru ani, muzeul a avut aproximativ 6000 de vizitatori, după care și-a încetat activitatea.

Potrivit nepotului Cristian, Radion "a sădit în anii 1970 o mulțime de copaci în jurul actualului Institut de Științe ale Educației din cartierul Poșta Veche din Chișinău, în apropierea locuinței în care a locuit în ultimii 35 de ani de viață. Din această cauză, lumea a numit o perioadă acest loc "Dumbrava lui Radion Cucereanu"." Potrivit aceluiași, în perioada în care a trăit în URSS, gândierea lui Radion a fost influențată de propaganda sovietică, devenind un admirator al lui Lenin, concepții de care s-a debarasat mai târziu:

În 1997 a editat revista "Natura și omul", însă în scurt timp publicația a fost închisă din cauza problemelor financiare. În anii 2001-2002, a fost corespondent netitular la revista "Natura". În 2003-2004, a publicat esee în fiecare număr al revistei "Florile Dalbe", iar în 2005 a fost moderatorul paginii tematice lunare "Ave Terra!"

A publicat șase cărți de literatură artistică (povestiri pentru copii), două manuale școlare, 15 lucrări didactice, trei lucrări științifice populare,  precum și trilogia "Lacrimile românilor basarabeni" (2012) și a fost co-autor al cărții "Martiriul transnistrean sub jugul totalitar rusesc" (2013).

În 2012, și-a dăruit arhiva Muzeului Pedagogic Republican din Chișinău.

Lucrări publicate
Primul zbor, Chișinău, Literatura Artistică (1974)
Tainicul clopotar, Chișinău, Literatura Artistică (1979)
Nucul, Chișinău, Literatura Artistică (1981)
Inimă fermecată, Chișinău, Literatura Artistică (1987)
V. Șatalov. Repere instructive - botanica clasa a V-a (1989)
Programa de educație pentru sănătate clasele V-IX, ediția I (1995)
Program de educație pentru sănătate clasele V-IX, ediția a II-a (1996)
Botanica clasa a V-a, Chișinău, Lumina (1994)
Științe clasa a V-a, Chișinău, Lumina, Litera (2000)
Poznanie mira V-îi class, Chișinău, Lumina, Litera (2000)
Călăuza profesorului - științe clasa a V-a, Chișinău, Lumina (2000)
Poznanie mira V-i class - cniga dlea prepodovatelia, Chișinău, Lumina (2000)
Surprinde adierile naturii, 300 de cugetări despre natură și om, ediția I, Chișinău, Lyceum (2004)
Surprinde adierile naturii, 365 de cugetări despre om și mediul ambiant, ediția a II-a, Chișinău, Lyceum (2005)
Repere geografice clasa a V-a, Chișinău, Lyceum (2005)
Repere geografice clasa a VI-a, Chișinău, Lyceum (2005)
Științe clasa a V-a - caietul elevului, Chișinău, Integritas (2005)
Vocabular - biologie. Clasa a VI-a, Chișinău, Integritas (2005)
Vocabular - biologie. Clasa a VII-a, Chișinău, Integritas (2005)
Repere instructive - biologie. Clasa VIII-a, Chișinău, Integritas (2005)
Repere instructive - biologie clasa IX, Chișinău, Integritas (2005)
Repere instructive - biologie clasa X, Chișinău, Integritas (2005)
Caietul elevului - biologie clasa a VIII-a (2005)
Caietul elevului - biologie clasa a IX-a (2005)
Caietul elevului - biologie clasa a X-a (2005)
Câinele: prietenie și fidelitate, Chișinău, Univers Pedagogic (2006)
Pisica: blândul răpitor, Chișinău, Grafema Libris (2007)
Imn calului, Chișinău, Grafema Libris (2008)
Lacrimile românilor basarabeni (trilogie), București, Ed. Biodova (2012)
Martiriul transnistrean sub jugul totalitar rusesc (coautor), Chișinău (2013)

Note

Legături externe
 "Lacrimile Românilor Basarabeni": Un strigăt către întreaga românitate, 23 februarie 2012, Olga Bulat, Ziarul de Gardă
 Lansare de carte în cadrul Campaniei "Salvați școlile din Transnistria", 20 mai 2014, Timpromânesc.ro
 600.000 de elevi au învățat din manualele semnate de el, 19 septembrie 2013, Raisa Răzmeriță, Ziarul de Gardă

Nașteri în 1927
Nașteri pe 23 august
Decese în 2018
Decese pe 6 februarie
Autori români
Autori moldoveni
Oameni din județul interbelic Soroca
Decese în Chișinău
Autori de manuale români
Scriitori români de literatură pentru copii
Membri ai Uniunii Scriitorilor din Republica Moldova
Români basarabeni
Basarabeni
Scriitori români
Scriitori moldoveni
Români din secolul al XX-lea
Români din secolul al XXI-lea
Absolvenți ai Universității de Stat din Tiraspol

Radion Cucereanu


An Muhlenbergia richardsonis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Per Axel Rydberg. An Muhlenbergia richardsonis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Muhlenbergia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Muhlenbergia

Muhlenbergia richardsonis


غريكوكوريون (Γραικοχώριον) هي مدينة في ثيسبروتيا في مقاطعة كينتريكي إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 1177 نسمة.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في ثيسبروتيا
إبيروس (منطقة)
ثيسبروتيا
مدن اليونان

غريكوكوريون (ثيسبروتيا)


est une franchise de mangas créée par Cygames.

La franchise a été adaptés en une série télévisée animée de 13 épisodes par P.A.Works a été diffusée d'avril à juin 2018, suivie d'une deuxième saison de Studio Kai diffusée à partir de janvier à mars 2021. Un jeu mobile pour iOS et Android est également sorti fin 2018, puis reporté à février 2021.

Histoire

Prologue
Dans un monde très semblable au nôtre, des chevaux de course du passé ont la capacité de se réincarner en tant que « filles à cheval » - des filles avec les oreilles et la queue des chevaux ainsi que leur vitesse et leur endurance. Les meilleures de ces cavalières vont s'entraîner à l'Académie Tracen de Tokyo, espérant atteindre la gloire et la fortune en tant que coureuses et idoles.

Synopsis
La première saison présente Special Week, une jeune étudiante récemment transférée à Tracen, et déterminée à tenir sa promesse faite à sa mère de devenir la meilleure cavalière du Japon et ainsi surpasser la championne en titre : Silence Suzuka.

Sous la tutelle de Trainer, un coach aussi cool qu'excentrique, elle s'entraîne dur aux côtés de ses coéquipières pour remporter la Twinkle Series, une compétition hippique légendaire.

Développement
La deuxième saison présente Tokai Teio comme personnage principal et attire l'attention sur d'autres personnages secondaires tels que Mejiro Mcqueen, Rice Shower et Mihono Bourbon. Comme le cheval sur lequel elle est basée, elle souffre de multiples blessures et lutte pour rester l'une des meilleures coureuses.

Personnages

Équipe Spica

C'est la protagoniste principale de la première saison de l'anime et du dernier chapitre de la partie 1 de l'histoire principale du jeu vidéo.
Jeune fille équestre élevée à Hokkaido, elle n'a jamais rencontré une autre cavalière jusqu'à ce qu'elle rejoigne l'Académie. Sa mère biologique est morte peu de temps après sa naissance et elle a été élevée par sa mère humaine pour être la meilleure fille de cheval au Japon. Elle a beaucoup d'endurance et de vitesse et un instinct sur la piste pour savoir quand se retenir et quand s'ouvrir.
Dans l'histoire principale du jeu vidéo, elle deviendra membre de la Team Sirius après Narita Brian, visant à être la meilleure fille à cheval au Japon.
Connue pour son caractère brillant et sa pensée positive, elle s'efforce dans tout ce qu'elle fait. Bien que parfois frustrée, elle n'abandonne jamais.

Elle est la co-protagoniste de la première saison de l'anime et la protagoniste du chapitre 5 de la partie 1 de l'histoire principale du jeu vidéo.
Une jeune fille accomplie. Elle a une génération de plus que Special Week, est la colocataire et la coéquipière de Special Week. Ses courses, ses performances et son amitié inspirent Special Week. Son but est de faire rêver les gens et elle croit que c'est ce que signifie être la meilleure fille de cheval. Plus tard dans l'anime, elle va en Amérique.
Dans l'histoire principale du jeu vidéo, elle devient membre de la Team Sirius avec les conseils de Special Week et de l'entraîneur.
C'est une bonne tacticienne mais en fait un peu effrayée par la course elle-même. Mais dès qu'elle commence à courir, personne n'est capable de la rattraper. On dirait qu'elle est née pour courir.

Elle est la protagoniste de la deuxième saison de l'anime.
Une cavalière talentueuse dans l'équipe de la semaine spéciale. Elle a une grande admiration pour le président du conseil étudiant, Symboli Rudolf, et souhaite un jour être aussi bonne qu'elle. Elle devient la rivale de Mejiro McQueen, mais souffre de blessures répétées.
Passionnée par la course, elle est aussi très orgueilleuse et parfois effrontée. Son but est d'être aussi bonne que Symboli Rudolf, qu'elle admire.

Elle est la co-protagoniste de la deuxième saison de l'anime et la protagoniste du chapitre 1 de la partie 1 de l'histoire principale du jeu vidéo.
Une cavalière de la célèbre famille Mejiro. Elle a une génération de plus que Tokai Teio. Elle a rejoint l'équipe de Special Week après avoir été implorée par Gold Ship à plusieurs reprises. Elle peut sembler froide et directe au début, mais elle se soucie réellement des autres et est prête à les aider en cas de besoin.
Dans l'histoire principale du jeu vidéo, elle est le seul membre restant de l'équipe Sirius et courra avec un nouvel entraîneur.
En tant que membre de la famille Mejiro, elle a un fort sentiment de fierté. Elle semble au départ être froide, mais elle se soucie réellement des autres et offre son aide en cas de besoin.

Une cavalière de l'équipe de Special Week, Spica. Elle est quelque peu excentrique et semble avoir une profonde admiration et une rivalité amicale avec Mejiro McQueen. Au départ, elle était la seule membre de l'équipe.
Dans l'histoire principale du jeu vidéo, elle est devenue membre de l'équipe Sirius après Mejiro McQueen, mais elle n'est pas encore en bonne forme physique et court rarement.

C'est une jeune fille à cheval qui est une junior de Special Week, est l'une des trois premières à rejoindre l'équipe avec Daiwa Scarlet.

C'est aussi une jeune fille de cheval qui est une junior de Special Week et est une rivale de vodka.

Équipe Rigil
Uniquement présente dans l'anime.

Le président du conseil des étudiants de l'académie. Une des Triple Crown Horse Girls. Dans le manga « Cinderella Gray », elle fait incorporer Oguri Cap à l'Académie centrale.

Le vice-président du conseil des étudiants de l'académie. Elle est une rivale de la même génération que Silence Suzuka.

Elle est directrice du dortoir de Rittō. Elle appelle la jeune fille à cheval « Pony-chan ». Elle est de la même génération que Mayano Top Gun.

Elle est la directrice du dortoir de Miho. Elle est de la même génération que Narita Brian.

Originaire des États-Unis, elle est amie avec Special Week.

Fille à cheval originaire des États-Unis qui aspire à participer à des courses étrangères. Elle considère Special Week comme sa rivale, mais reste en bons termes avec elle même lorsqu'elles sont ensemble en compétition.

Univers de Uma Musume Pretty Derby

Analyse de l'œuvre

Inspiration de l'œuvre

Thèmes abordés

Évolution de l'œuvre

Mangas
Une série de manga illustrée par Huan Yu (ZECO) intitulée Uma Musume Pretty Derby : Haru Urara Ganbaru ! est diffusée sur le site Web Cycomics de Cygames du  au . 10 épisodes au total. Il s'agit d'une histoire comique basée sur l'histoire vraie de Haru Urara, avec Haru Urara comme personnage principal. La production a été soutenue par Martha Farm, où la vraie Haru Urara vit le reste de sa vie, et la Kochi Prefecture Horse Racing Association.

Une série de mangas illustrée par S. Kosugi intitulée Starting Gate!: Uma Musume Pretty Derby a commencé la sérialisation sur le site Web Cycomics de Cygames le . Le manga a été compilé en six volumes tankōbon le .

Fiche technique

Découpage

Liste des volumes

Kodansha

|}

Shogakukan

|}

Animes

Uma Musume Pretty Derby
Une adaptation de la série télévisée animée de 13 épisodes par PAWorks a été diffusée du 2 avril  au 18 juin 2018 sur Tokyo MX, les deux premiers épisodes étant diffusés consécutivement. Crunchyroll a diffusé la série. L'anime est réalisé par Kei Oikawa chez PAWorks avec des scripts écrits par Masafumi Sugiura et Akihiro Ishihara. Utamaro Movement a composé la musique à Lantis. Le thème d'ouverture de la série est "Make Debut" et le thème de fin est "Grow Up Shine!"; les deux sont chantés par Azumi Waki, Marika Kouno, Machico, Ayaka Ōhashi, Chisa Kimura, Hitomi Ueda et Saori Ōnishi. Une deuxième saison, avec un casting de retour et un nouveau studio au Studio Kai, diffusée du 5 janvier au 30 mars 2021. Le 22 février 2022, une nouvelle animation " Anniversary Special Animation" est sortie sur YouTube pour commémorer le premier anniversaire du jeu. Ce travail est une continuation de la saison 2 de l'anime télévisé. Un nouveau streaming de l'anime a été annoncé le 4 mai 2022.

Fiche technique

Liste des épisodes

Musique

Diffusion

DVD

Différences avec le manga

Umayon
Une série télévisée animée basée sur le spin-off du manga à quatre panneaux Umayon a été diffusée du 7 juillet au 22 septembre 2020. La série est dirigée par Seiya Miyajima chez DMM.futureworks et W-Toon Studio. Le 8 décembre 2021, un Blu-ray contenant l'histoire principale, 12 épisodes du nouvel OVA et un manga tankōbon est sorti. Un nouveau court métrage de l'anime intitulé Umayuru a été annoncé le 5 mai 2022. Il est animé par Scooter Films et devrait être présenté en première au quatrième trimestre 2022.

Uma Musume Pretty Derby: Road to the Top
Une nouvelle série animée intitulée  a été annoncé le .

Elle est animé par CygamesPictures et est réalisé par Chengzhi Liao, avec Tetsuya Kobari supervisant les scripts et servant de directeur de scénario, et Jun Yamazaki concevant les personnages et servant de directeur de l'animation.

Doublage

source : Myanimelist.net, Animenewsnetwork.com

Produits dérivés

Jeu vidéo
Le jeu a été annoncé en 2016. Une bande-annonce animée de PAWorks a fait ses débuts lors de l'événement AnimeJapan de cette année-là. Il devait sortir fin 2018, mais a été retardé  jusqu'à sa sortie le 24 février 2021. La version PC est sortie le 10 mars 2021. Selon Sensor Tower, le jeu comptabiliserait 2 milliards de dollars américains.

Série dérivée
Une chaîne YouTube d'animation Web intitulée  a été lancé le 25 mars 2018. La chaîne présente le personnage de Gold Ship.

Accueil

Réception et critiques

Ventes
Le jeu mobile, dix mois après sa sortie, a rapporté près de 965 millions de dollars au Japon le 16 décembre 2021.

La sortie Blu-ray de la deuxième saison de l'anime est devenue la sortie vidéo la plus vendue d'une série animée télévisée au Japon.

Prix et récompenses
Le spin-off du manga, Uma Musume Cinderella Grey, a été nominé aux septième Next Manga Awards dans la catégorie Best Print Manga et s'est classé 2e sur 50 nominés.

Autour de l'œuvre

Références

Liens externes

Jeu Windows
Manga publié par Shūeisha
Seinen manga
Animation réalisée par P.A. Works
Adaptation d'un jeu vidéo en manga
Jeu iOS
Jeu Android
Pages avec des traductions non relues

Uma Musume Pretty Derby


The Golden Key International Honour Society (formerly Golden Key National Honor Society) is an Atlanta, Georgia-based non-profit organization founded in 1977 to recognize academic achievement among college and university students. Membership into Golden Key is offered to undergraduate and graduate students recognized to be among the top 15% of their class by GPA.

Golden Key has over 400 chapters at colleges and universities in Australia, The Bahamas, Canada, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, and the United States. Lifetime membership is given to those who pay a one-time fee, which was US$60 in 2002 and  is US$95 in the United States.

History
Golden Key National Honour Society was founded by James W. Lewis at Georgia State University in Atlanta, Georgia in 1977. The original intent of the society was to create a new academic honor organization that was the equal of longstanding honor societies such as Phi Beta Kappa, but which did not carry the same perceived elitism of older institutions, operating more strictly on merit standards (by accepting students in the top 15% of their college classes, and permitting part-time and transfer students who excelled academically). The society expanded over the course of the 1980s on a minimal budget, increasing the number of schools at which it had chapters and membership at those chapters. Lewis moved the institution's headquarters to a former Church of Christ Scientist building in the Druid Hills area of Atlanta in 1984. In the late 1980s, the society began attracting corporate sponsorships, providing data about its students to its sponsors, and holding large sponsored networking events, arguing that the strategy increased students' competitiveness in the job market. It expanded to Australia in the mid-1990s, and in 2000 changed its name to Golden Key International Honour Society in order "to reflect [its] international presence".

Lewis, who by the late 1990s was making more than $300,000 as chairman of the organization, stepped down in January 2000 after being pressured by his board, and was replaced by Carl Patton. Patton resigned in 2002 after a round of negative press coverage about the society. By 2002, the society was "one of the largest collegiate honor societies in the world", with an annual budget of US$10.9 million and over 120,000 inductees annually.

Countries
Golden Key has started chapters in the following countries:

1977 – United States of America
1993 – Australia
1997 – Canada
1998 – Malaysia
1999 – New Zealand
2000 – South Africa
2010 – The Bahamas
2011 – India

Membership and activities
Golden Key's main office is in Atlanta, Georgia, with regional offices in Sydney, Australia, and Pretoria, South Africa. It manages approximately 400 campus chapters worldwide. In its early years, Golden Key anticipated volunteerism drives on college campuses by organizing community service efforts, such as working in soup kitchens, reading to children at libraries, and doing tax preparation help for low-income and immigrant populations. Since chapters are not centrally managed, charity and volunteer efforts are now fostered through a system called SPARK a Change, which allows chapters to determine the causes they support and the level of involvement of students. Golden Key offers résumé and graduate program assistance, career planning and opportunities, leadership opportunities in local chapters, and networking events. It also offers scholarships, awards, research grants, travel support for academic conference attendance, and student loan debt relief to its members.

The organization operates as a non-profit under section 501(c)(3) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. Golden Key sought and was denied acceptance to the Association of College Honor Societies in 1984 and 1997. Golden Key was accepted by the ACHS in 2005. Golden Key resigned from the Association of College Honor Societies in December 2013 after what the ACHS indicated was "a series of on-going discussions and correspondence."

Criticism
A 1999 article in the University of British Columbia student newspaper, The Ubyssey, examined the society's finances and scholarship practices after it established a chapter on campus in 1998. Ubyssey obtained the organization's IRS filings for 1997 and noted "Golden Key spent just $289,461 (US dollars) on scholarships, less than 5 per cent of their total expenditures for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1997." Golden Key reported on its own website in 2009 that it had increased scholarship disbursals to over $500,000 annually, but a later report indicated that spending on member events and scholarships in 2014 were less than $200,000. A 2002 report by The Chronicle of Higher Education reported that there were conflicts within the society's administration over the lowering of academic standards required for admission and inflated recruitment numbers from local university chapters. The society's aggressive marketing techniques toward eligible members were criticized in 2002 by the president of the National Collegiate Honors Council.

The business practices of Golden Key also attracted the Chronicle's notice, as well as that of The Washington Post. Sponsoring corporations, who paid a minimum of $55,000 a year (2002) to access Golden Key's membership lists, sent students "mass mailings for such products as credit cards and auto insurance." Golden Key responded to these criticisms by stating that it was standard practice among alumni groups and honor societies. The Chronicle quoted former employees who thought the institution's expenditures on parties and upper executive salaries, as well as its maintenance of the Druid Hills headquarters, were lavish and inconsistent with the former ideal of "a student-centered, nonprofit organization." The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported poor accounting practices under Lewis's tenure in the late 1990s, and investigators were unable to determine exactly how much he was paid due to bookkeeping discrepancies. A 2016 investigation by Australian student newspaper Honi Soit found that Golden Key continued to release data about students, without their consent, to corporate sponsors.

Some students reported to student newspaper investigators that they were unsure of the society's benefits or did not find the society's networking opportunities worth the cost of membership. Honi Soit also noted that society staffers altered the Golden Key International Honour Society Wikipedia page to burnish the institution's image.

References

External links

1977 establishments in Georgia (U.S. state)
Student organizations established in 1977
Non-profit organizations based in Georgia (U.S. state)
Honor societies
Former members of Association of College Honor Societies

Golden Key International Honour Society