est un film américano-finlandais réalisé par Riley Stearns et sorti en 2022.

Il est présenté en avant-première au festival du film de Sundance 2022.

Synopsis

Malade, Sara apprend qu'elle est condamnée. Pour rester auprès de ses proches, elle décide alors de se faire cloner. Cependant, elle va finalement se rétablir. La jeune femme va alors tenter de supprimer son double. Un duel à mort va avoir lieu entre Sara et son clone.

Fiche technique

 Titre original :
 Réalisation et scénario : Riley Stearns
 Musique : Emma Ruth Rundle
 Direction artistique : Aki Tarkka
 Décors : Sattva-Hanna Toiviainen
 Costumes : Janne Karjalainen
 Photographie : Michael Ragen
 Montage : Sarah Beth Shapiro
 Production : Nate Bolotin, Maxime Cottray, Lee Kim, Nick Spicer et Riley Stearns
 Producteurs délégués : Tyler Gould, Tom Harberd, Matthew Helderman, Phil Hunt, Compton Ross et Luke Taylor
 Sociétés de production : XYZ Films et Film Service Finland Oy ; avec la participation de Metrol Technology, BondIt Media Capital, Head Gear Films et Kreo Films FZ
 Société de distribution : n/a
 Budget : n/a
 Pays de production : ,
 Langue originale : anglais
 Format : couleur
 Genre : Science-fiction, thriller et comédie dramatique
 Durée : 94 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 États-Unis :  (festival de Sundance)
 Finlande :
 Classification :
 États-Unis : R
 France : Interdit aux moins de 12 ans en vidéo à la demande et à la télévision.

Distribution
 Karen Gillan : Sara
 Aaron Paul : Trent
 Theo James : Robert Michaels
 Beulah Koale : Peter
 Maija Paunio : La mère de Sara

Production
Le projet est révélé en avril 2020, avec la participation de Karen Gillan, Aaron Paul, Beulah Koale et Jesse Eisenberg.

En raison de la pandémie de Covid-19 aux États-Unis, l'équipe cherche un pays pouvant accueillir le tournage. Après avoir songé au Canada et à la Nouvelle-Zélande, la Finlande est choisie. Les prises de vues durent six semaines. Le film est également financé par des sociétés de production finlandaises.

Le tournage débute en octobre 2020. Il a lieu principalement dans la ville de Tampere. Des scènes sont également tournées à Lempäälä et Kangasala.

Après le succès du tournage, la ville de Tampere signe un partenariat avec XYZ Films pour de futurs films.

Distinctions

Récompense
 Saturn Awards 2022 : Meilleur film indépendant

Sélection
 Festival de Deauville 2022 : sélection officielle

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2022
Film finlandais sorti en 2022
Film de science-fiction américain
Film de science-fiction finlandais
Thriller (film) américain
Thriller (film) finlandais
Comédie dramatique américaine
Comédie dramatique finlandaise
Film tourné en Finlande
Film sur le clonage
Film classé R aux États-Unis
2022 en science-fiction

Dual (film)


شالح بن حطاب بن هدلان شاعر شعبي، وأحد فرسان وشيوخ قبائل الخنافر من قحطان، وقد اشتهر بفروسيته وبرثاء ابنه ذيب، وعاش إلى عام 1340هـ (1922م).

حياته
كان شالح بن هدلان من أمراء قحطان، وفي إحدى السنوات قُتل ابنه ذيب في معركة بينه وبين قبيلة عتيبة، وأثر ذلك في نفسه كثيراً ، فذيب لم يكن ابنه فحسب، بل أحد الفرسان الشجعان الذين في فقدانهم خسارة عظيمة للقبيلة، ولشالح قصائد كثيرة يرثي فيها ابنه، ولكن لهذه القصيدة مناسبة خاصة غير الرثاء، حيث سمعَ شالح أن رجلاً يدعى الهويدي فقد طيراً له وراح يطلبه، ويتحسّر عليه، فأرسل له هذه القصيدة التي يقول فيها:

إن كان تنشد يا الهويدي عن الطير ** الطير والله يا الهويدي غدا لي

طيري عذاب معسكرات المسامير ** إن حل عند قطيْهنّ الجفالي

إن جا نهار(ن) فيه شر(ن) بلا خير ** وغدا لهن عند الطريح اجتوالي

إن دبرن خيل وخيل مناحير ** وغدن مثل مخزمات الجمالي

على الرمك صيده عيال مناعير ** وشره على نشر الحريب الموالي

يضحك ليا صكت عليه الطوابير ** طير السعد قلبه من الخوف خالي

خيالنا وإن عرجدنّ المظاهير ** وزيزوم عيرات(ن) طواها الحيالي

غيث لنا وإن جت ليالي المعاسير ** وبالشح ريف(ن) للضعوف الهزالي

يسقي ثراه من الروايح مزابير ** تمطر على قبر(ن) سكن فيه غالي

فلما وصلت الأبيات للهويدي، علم أن شالح يقصد ابنه ذيباً بـ (طيره)، وأن حزنه لم يكن في محله، فصرف نظره عن البحث عن الطير.

مراجع

شعراء سعوديون في القرن 20
قحطانيون
وفيات 1340 هـ
شعراء شعبيون سعوديون
شعراء شعبيون

شالح بن هدلان


Carbapenemele alcătuiesc o clasă de antibiotice beta-lactamice cu spectru ultra-larg de activitate, rezistente la majoritatea beta-lactamazelor și utilizate în tratamentul unor infecții bacteriene complicate. Aceste antibiotice sunt considerate "de rezervă" pentru acele infecții care sunt cauzate de tulpini bacteriene multidrug-rezistente (MDR). La fel ca celelalte clase de beta-lactamine antimicrobiene, carbapenemele își manifestă activitatea prin inhibarea sintezei peretelui celular bacterian, având totuși un spectru mult mai larg.

Carbapenemele au fost dezvoltate la început de către Merck & Co. folosind ca model structural molecula tienamicinei, un antibiotic natural obținut din specia Streptomyces cattleya. În ultimii ani s-au raportat cazuri multiple de creștere a rezistenței agenților patogeni la carbapeneme, iar problema provine din faptul că sunt disponibile puține alterantive terapeutice la tratamentul infecțiilor cauzate de bacterii rezistente la carbapeneme (precum sunt Klebsiella pneumoniae și alte specii de Enterobacteriaceae rezistente, producătoare de carbapenemaze).

Note

Vezi și
 Peniciline
 Cefalosporine
 Monobactame

Carbapenemă


La mosquée centrale de Glasgow est une mosquée située à Glasgow en Écosse. Elle a été inaugurée en 1983 et a une capacité d'accueil de 2500 personnes.

Annexes

Mosquée au Royaume-Uni
Glasgow

Mosquée centrale de Glasgow


A Cultura Brasileira — Introdução ao Estudo da Cultura no Brasil é um livro sobre sociologia de Fernando de Azevedo publicado pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) em 1943, e um ano depois pela Editora Nacional. O livro é considerado sua obra-prima, e é um dos escritos fundadores da história da educação no Brasil, com sua teoria sendo aplicada até os dias de hoje.

Antecedentes
No século XX, diversos países passaram a se preocupar sobre o progresso de suas nações. No âmbito internacional, o Brasil havia sido considerado um exemplo de diversidade durante e após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, o que levou a Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) a financiar pesquisas raciais no país. O órgão, porém, concluiu que o país era desigual. No âmbito nacional, surgiu uma necessidade de criar uma identidade nacional. A sociologia passou por um momento de transformação, onde o marxismo começou a ser considerado uma alternativa para as explicações sociológicas vigentes até então, consideradas por parte dos intelectuais como falsas. De acordo com Fernando Mota, "(...) atingiu-se a formulação clara segundo a qual a Cultura Brasileira existe apenas para seus ideólogos".

Fernando de Azevedo foi um cientista importante no Brasil durante o século XX, que contribuiu nas áreas de educação e sociologia. Também foi jornalista e teve grande participação na política do país, sendo um dos criadores do Ministério da Educação e um dos articuladores para a criação da Universidade de São Paulo (USP).

A obra foi escrita sob encomenda para o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), durante o Estado Novo, como uma introdução ao censo demográfico. Na época, Azevedo trabalhava como editor da Biblioteca Pedagógica Brasileira e acabava de começar sua atuação na USP, já sendo reconhecido por seu trabalho.

Conteúdo
O livro é dividido em três partes, intituladas "Os fatores da cultura" (cinco capítulos), "A Cultura" (seis capítulos) e "A transmissão da Cultura" (cinco capítulos), onde Fernando de Azevedo estuda os ciclos econômicos do Brasil, desde o pau-brasil até a industrialização, e analisa a formação cultural do país. Ele também possuía um caderno iconográfico de 232 páginas, além de uma série de ilustrações, algo não tão comum na época. Originalmente, ele fora planejado para ser desdobrado em mais de quinze volumes.

No livro, Azevedo tentou conciliar as visões sociológicas funcionalista, de Malinowski, racialista, de Romero e Viana, e culturalista, de Boas e Freyre, traçando uma visão nacionalista dos problemas do Brasil. Ele conclui que não há como haver desenvolvimento econômico sem o preparo cultural para a "invenção e a iniciativa". Para o autor, as reformas educacionais feitas pela Revolução de 30 foram o mais próximo que o governo brasileiro conseguiu de chegar em tal objetivo, com a centralização da educação e a homogeneização da cultura brasileira. Como base teórica, Azevedo rejeita a cultura como definida pela antropologia e abraça ideias conservadoras de sociólogos franceses e historiadores alemães, onde ela não é transmitida pela genética, mas pelas relações geracionais. Ele também define a civilização como a capacidade do povo de exercer controle de suas emoções.

Recepção
A obra foi bem recebida pelo público, ganhando traduções para o inglês e o espanhol, e havia interesse em uma tradução para o alemão. O livro ganhou o total de sete edições. A quinta edição foi esgotada, sendo vendidos 35 mil exemplares em português e 10 mil em inglês.

Referências

Ligações externas

 A Cultura Brasileira — Introdução ao Estudo da Cultura no Brasil no IBGE

Livros de 1943
Livros em português
Livros de sociologia do Brasil


Svijet

Otkrića
 Carl Friedrich Gauss i Friedrich Bessel više su puta pokušali izračunati konačnu orbitu Bielina kometa nakon njegove pojave 1805. godine. Gauss i Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers uočili su sličnost između kometa iz 1805. i 1772. ali nisu bili u mogućnosti dokazati povezanost.

Osnivanja

Događaji

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Astronomske pojave

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Otkrića

Osnivanja

Događaji

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Astronomija u 1806.


Rua puede referirse también a:
 El nombre común de la planta Ruta angustifolia.
 El nombre común de la planta Ruta chalepensis.
 El nombre común de la planta '''''Ruta montana.

Rua (desambiguación)


Katy Bødtger (Nørrebro, Copenhague, 28 de diciembre de 1932-1 de mayo de 2017) fue una cantante danesa.

Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión 1960
En 1960, Bødtger ganó el Dansk Melodi Grand Prix con la canción "Det var en yndig tid" (Fue un precioso momento). Ese mismo año actuó en el Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión 1960, acabando en décima posición junto a la representación de Suecia, alcanzando solo cuatro puntos.

Referencias

Participantes en Eurovisión 1960
Representantes de Dinamarca en Eurovisión
Cantantes en danés
Cantantes femeninas de Dinamarca
Cantantes de pop de Dinamarca
Nacidos en Copenhague

Katy Bødtger


An Neoregelia pendula in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Lyman Bradford Smith. An Neoregelia pendula in nahilalakip ha genus nga Neoregelia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 N. p. brevifolia
 N. p. pendula

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Neoregelia

Neoregelia pendula


Sally Scales (nascida em 1989, na Austrália) é uma artista australiana. É uma mulher pitjantjatjara de Pipalyatjara, no extremo oeste das terras Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY), na Austrália Meridional.

Vida pregressa
Sally Scales é filha de Josephine Mick, líder cultural e artista sênior da Ninuku Arts, e do falecido Ushma Scales, fabricante de couro e um dos fundadores da Maruku Arts e do arquivo cultural APY Ara Irititja. A sua avó também era pintora.

Trabalho e ativismo
É a pessoa mais jovem e a segunda mulher a ocupar o cargo de presidente da APY e é porta-voz do Coletivo APY Art Center, um grupo de empreendimentos culturais de propriedade indígena, com quem trabalha desde 2013. Além de trabalhar com o coletivo, Sally realiza trabalhos de consultoria para a Galeria de Arte da Austrália Meridional.

Sally faz parte da Equipe de Liderança Juvenil da Reforma da Declaração de Uluru, tendo participado dos diálogos regionais sobre a Constituição do Conselho do Referendo em Ross River, Adelaide e da convenção nacional em Uluru, em 2017. Desde então, Sally está envolvida com a liderança da Voice, Tratado e Verdade.

Sally centrou-se na sua prática artística em 2020, como consequência da Pandemia de COVID-19. Teve sua primeira exposição na APY Gallery Adelaide, em março de 2021, cujos ingressos ficaram esgotados.

Prêmios e reconhecimentos
Sally ganhou vários prêmios e foi nomeada finalista no National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Art Awards (NATSIAA), de 2022.

Em 2022, foi nomeada para fazer parte do grupo que trabalha com o governo australiano antes de um referendo conhecido como Voice to Parliament (Voz do Parlamento), uma consulta histórica que, se bem-sucedida, veria os indígenas permanentemente representados nos processos parlamentares. Naquele ano, foi indicada na lista da BBC das 100 mulheres mais inspiradoras do mundo, indicada pela ex-primeira-ministra australiana Julia Gillard, que observou que "Sally é uma criadora de arte maravilhosa e de ampla compreensão humana. Ao iluminar e inspirar outras pessoas, ela catalisa as muitas mudanças necessárias para acabar com a perniciosa combinação de racismo e sexismo."

Vida pessoal
Sally Scales é mãe adotiva de um menino chamado Walter.

Veja também

 100 Mulheres (BBC)
 Mulheres na categoria BBC 100 Mulheres

Pessoas na lista BBC 100 Mulheres de 2022
Artistas da Austrália
Ativistas pelos direitos da mulher
Ativistas indígenas
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Mais Povos Originários)

Sally Scales


J.G.M.T. (Hans) Ubachs (Heerlen, 25 février 1961) est un administrateur et homme politique néerlandais du D66. Depuis le 11 décembre 2018, il est maire de la commune de Best.

Biographie
Ubachs a étudié à l'heao de Sittard et au SPD Business Administration. De 1984 à 1990, il a été le président national du groupe d'intérêt SPD (qui compte 3500 membres). Avant de devenir conseiller municipal, il a travaillé comme gestionnaire de comptes chez Bureau central de la statistique et Leeuwenborgh Contracting.

Ubachs a été conseiller municipal dans l'ancienne municipalité d'Onderbanken de 1996 à 2002. De 2002 à 2010, il a été échevin des finances et des marchés publics, de l'aménagement du territoire, de l'environnement, du logement et des affaires sociales dans cette municipalité. Dans cette fonction, il a acquis une notoriété nationale en promouvant le portefeuille AWACS. En 2010, il devient échevin des Finances, de l'Aménagement du territoire, du Logement, des Monuments, de la Circulation et des Transports et des Travaux publics dans l'ancienne municipalité de Schinnen.

Le 21 janvier 2011, Ubachs a été nommé maire de la commune de Laarbeek. Son prédécesseur Hans Gilissen a été nommé bourgmestre de Venray en janvier 2010 et dans l'intervalle, Nellie Jacobs-Aarts était maire par intérim de Laarbeek.

En octobre 2014, le conseil municipal de Laarbeek a adopté une motion de défiance à l'égard d'Ubachs à la suite de plusieurs incidents. Le maire a répondu par une déclaration dans laquelle il a indiqué que son fonctionnement avait été influencé par le fait qu'il se sentait intimidé depuis longtemps et que, selon son impression, il se trouvait dans un environnement peu sûr. Le commissaire du roi Wim van de Donk a alors ordonné une enquête. Dans l'attente de l'enquête, M. Ubachs s'est retiré et Frans Ronnes a été nommé adjoint.

Le comité d'enquête a rendu son rapport en janvier 2015 et a établi qu'il s'agissait effectivement d'un environnement peu sûr et intimidant dans lequel les Ubachs devaient travailler. À la suite de ce rapport, le conseil municipal a estimé qu'Ubachs devait être réhabilité, mais qu'il serait difficile de le faire revenir comme bourgmestre de Laarbeek. En conséquence, Ubachs a décidé de se retirer définitivement de son poste. Sa démission a pris effet le 1er mars 2015.

Ubachs avait été nommé maire par intérim de la municipalité de Gulpen-Wittem en mai 2016. Début 2017, Nicole Ramaekers-Rutjens a été désignée par le conseil municipal de Gulpen-Wittem pour y devenir maire. En novembre 2017, Ubachs est devenu le maire par intérim de Best. Depuis le 11 décembre 2018, il y est devenu le maire nommé par la couronne.

Personnalité politique néerlandaise
Naissance en février 1961

Hans Ubachs


An Sorghum leiocladum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Eduard Hackel, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Charles Edward Hubbard. An Sorghum leiocladum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sorghum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Sorghum

Sorghum leiocladum


The Faces of Janus is a book by A. James Gregor, in which the author argues that there are fundamental errors in Marxist analyses of fascism and that the political spectrum identifying the Left as progressive and the Right as reactionary was (in the words of Franklin Hugh Adler) a dishonest way of "privileging purported movements of the Left and demonizing movements of the Right".

Reviewer Harry V. Willems of the Southeast Kansas Library System writes: "Gregor takes issue with 20th-century historians who make fascism and communism the opposing faces of Janus. Gregor is the first to use Marxist theory systematically to bend the political spectrum from a linear to a circular form. That is, fascism and communism meld into each other. Fascism had its origins in communism, and communism exhibited facets of fascism from its inception." The American Historical Review wrote that Gregor argues that fascism was "a compelling and coherent synthesis of ideas generated by some of the most creative thinkers of our time."

References

The Faces of Janus: Marxism and Fascism in the Twentieth Century. By A. James Gregor. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2000. 256p. .

2000 non-fiction books
Books about fascism
English-language books

The Faces of Janus


La Ruta Estatal de Arizona 71, y abreviada SR 71 (en inglés: Arizona State Route 71) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Arizona. La carretera inicia en el Sur desde la  hacia el Norte en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 38,9 km (24.16 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta Estatal de Arizona 71 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Arizona por sus siglas en inglés ADOT.

Cruces
La Ruta Estatal de Arizona 71 es atravesada principalmente por la .

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de ADOT

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Arizona

Ruta Estatal de Arizona 71


An Cryptocentrum pergracile in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Cryptocentrum pergracile in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cryptocentrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Colombia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Cryptocentrum

Cryptocentrum pergracile


Yeşil Anarşizm, özellikle doğa ile insan arasındaki ilişki üzerine odaklanan anarşist ekol. Bu hareketin temel sorunu, endüstri öncesi toplumu, hatta bazen tarım öncesi toplumu yeniden canlandırmaktır.  İnsanları doğal yaşama yabancılaştıran teknoloji  ve ilerleme düşüncesiyle ifade edilen endüstri toplumu, bu ekolün eleştirilerinde önemli yer tutar. Felsefesinde Ludditelerin politik eylemlerinin ve Jean-Jacques Rousseau'nun yazılarının etkileri görülür. Fakat bunlardan daha fazla, primitivizm ortaya çıktığında, Frankfurt Okulu'nun Marksistleri Theodor W. Adorno ve Herbert Marcuse'ün düşünceleri ile Marshall Sahlins, Richard Lee, Lewis Mumford Jean Baudrillard ve Gary Snyder gibi antropologların düşünceleri ekolün şekillenmesinde önemli yer tutmuştur.

Kendilerini primitivist olarak adlandıran bazı yeşil anarşistler, doğal yaşama tam bir dönüş ve göçebe avcı-toplayıcı hayat tarzını savunurken,  birçok yeşil anarşist ise gündemine sadece endüstri toplumunun ortadan kaldırılmasını alır, evcilleştirmeye veya tarım etkinliğine karşı kesin bir karşı duruş sergilemezler. İlk kategoride teorisyenlere, Derrick Jense ve John Zerzan örnek gösterilebilir. Birçok yeşil anarşist devrim sonrası gelecek ile bağlantılı bu sorunları bir kenara bırakıp, bugünün dünyasının karşı karşıya olduğu sorunlara ve toplumsal devrim konusuna odaklanmıştır.

Günümüzde birçok anarşist yeşil anarşizmin en yetkin şekli olarak, Murray Bookchin'in toplumsal ekoloji düşüncesini izlemektedir. Bu akım (aydınlatma endüstrisi, tarım ve sürdürülebilir şehircilikle birlikte) gelişmiş ekolojik toplum düşüncesine ve sınıf çatışmasına dayalı anarşizm olarak ifade edilebilir.

Yeşil anarşinin odak noktası ilk başlarda insanın doğa üstüne kurduğu egemenliğin sorgulanması (yani özetle ilkelcilik ve çevre hareketleri) iken zamanla (özellikle ikinci dünya savaşı sonrası fabrika çiftçiliği ve endüstriyel hayvan deneylerinin sayısındaki büyük artışla) hayvan sömürüsüne yönelik farkındalık da artmıştır. Hayvan eziyetini insan sağlığı, giysisi veya gıdası gerekçeleriyle haklılaştırmak isteyen çoğunluğa karşı yeşil anarşistler, çözümü insanmerkezcilik ideolojisinin ve kapitalizmle birlikte sürdürülen bilimsel/teknolojik ilerlemenin durdurulmasını talep eder. Bugün yeşil anarşinin içerisinde hayvan özgürlüğü hareketi veya diğer adıyla türcülük karşıtı hareket önemli bir yer tutar; tüm yeşil anarşistler tarafından fiilen uygulanmamakla beraber (her biri vejetaryen veya vegan olmamakla beraber, her biri aktif hayvan hakları mücadelesi vermemekle beraber), hayvanların insan tahakkümünden kurtarılması ve vahşi -özgür- yaşamlarına geri döndürülmesi yeşil anarşistler arasında mutabakat noktalarından birisidir. Anarşist hareketlerin günümüzde en diri olduğu ülkelerden biri olan Almanya'da yeşil anarşinin bayrağı (kara-yeşil) ile türcülük karşıtı hareketin bayrağı eştir. Ayrıca dünyadaki birçok yeşil anarşistin, faaliyet gösterdikleri kafe, işgal evi veya sosyal merkezlerde bedava dağıttığı yemeklerin (Almanca adı: Vokü) vejetaryen veya vegan pişirilmesi oldukça yaygın bir uygulamadır.

Kaynakça

Anarşist gelenekler
Basit yaşam

Yeşil anarşizm


"The Ugly Little Boy" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. The story first appeared in the September 1958 issue of Galaxy Science Fiction under the title "Lastborn", and was reprinted under its current title in the 1959 collection Nine Tomorrows. The story deals with a Homo neanderthalensis child which is brought to the future by means of time travel. Robert Silverberg later expanded it into a novel with the same title published in 1992 (also published as Child of Time in the UK).

Asimov has said that this was his second or third favorite of his own stories.

Plot summary
A Neanderthal child is brought to the present day as a result of time travel experiments by Stasis Inc, a research organization. He cannot be removed from his immediate area because of the vast energy loss and time paradoxes that would result, and is kept in the present by way of a Stasis module. In order to care for the boy the organization hires Edith Fellowes, a children's nurse.

Initially repelled by the boy's appearance, Edith soon begins to regard him as her own child, learning to love him and realizing that he is far more intelligent than she first imagined. She dubs him 'Timmie' and attempts to ensure that he has the best possible childhood despite his circumstance. She is enraged when the newspapers refer to him as an "ape-boy."  Edith's love for Timmie brings her into conflict with her employer, for whom he is more of an experimental animal than a human being.

Eventually, her employer comes to the conclusion that his organization has exacted all the knowledge and publicity it can from Timmie and that the time has come to move on to the next project. This involves bringing a Medieval peasant into the present, which necessitates the return of Timmie to his own time. Edith fights the decision, knowing the boy cannot survive if returned to his own time due to his acquisition of modern dependencies and speech. She attempts to smuggle the boy out of the facility, but when that plan fails she disrupts the integrity of the Stasis module and returns to the ancient past with Timmie.

Television adaptation

In 1977, "The Ugly Little Boy" was made into a 26-minute telefilm in Canada. The film was directed by and stars Barry Morse.  London-born actress Kate Reid played the role of Nurse Fellowes. Guy Big, in his last role, played the boy. The film is noteworthy for its fidelity to the short story, as well as the pathos between Timmy and Nurse Fellowes which garnered praise from both fans and reviewers.

Novelization
The 1991 novelization of the same title (published as Child of Time in the UK) expands on the short story by introducing Timmie's original Neanderthal tribe as well as a children's advocacy group that seeks to liberate Timmie. The Neanderthals are shown sympathetically as a highly articulate people whose tribal society and culture is complex and sophisticated, a far cry from the "primitive brutes" which the future scientists consider them to have been, having only the fragmentary information derived from a little Neanderthal child. This Neanderthal society—shown mainly from the point of view of an assertive tribal woman determined to prove herself the equal of the male hunters/warriors—is suddenly faced with the appearance of a completely different, competing kind of human being: the Cro-Magnons. While the Cro-Magnons try to negotiate with the Neanderthals, they cannot communicate and understand each other due to their differing languages. The Neanderthal characters are filled with a sense of foreboding.

The two story lines merge when Edith Fellowes makes the irrevocable decision to go back to the past with Timmie. Her appearance coincides with the crisis point in the confrontation between Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon; both groups regard her as a goddess to be worshiped. As she is clearly akin to the Cro-Magnon but has adopted a Neanderthal child, her appearance deflects the two groups from a would-be inevitable conflict.

The ending suggests that in the modified past Neanderthals and Cro-Magnon would cooperate and come closer to each other in the common worship of the "Goddess" - with Timmie growing up to be her acolyte and a "demigod" himself. It also suggests that the Neanderthals may not become extinct but could coexist with the Cro-Magnon, possibly interbreeding with them, which would change the whole of subsequent human history (or, according to a different theory of the implications of time travel, could have no effect at all due to the "convergent series").

Critical view
Margaret Woods wrote about the novel: "Well, 'Ugly Little Boy' draws you right in and does not let go. An enthralling plot, credible characters which make you feel great empathy - all of which serves to hide a very fundamental flaw: the basic premise of the plot just does not make any sense. What the hell is the use of spending a lot of money and effort in order to bring a Neanderthal child into the here-and-now - and then proceeding to give him an English name, teach him English, and place him in a modern environment with modern toys to play with? How is that supposed to help you learn about the Neanderthals? (...)  Not only is it cruel to the child - because he will never get out of his cage, never see America, and will eventually have to go back to his own time and survive there. It also makes no scientific sense. The obvious course would be to send in a team of the world's most skilled linguists, charged with learning the child's language and absolutely forbidden to utter a single word of English in his presence. To place him in the closest approximation which could be made to a Neanderthal dwelling and fill it with Neanderthal artifacts, so that the child could teach researchers their names in his language. There is no reason whatsoever to teach the child anything at all about the world of the 21st Century, and several good reasons not to. It is the child who should teach the researchers all that a child could teach of Neanderthal life and society - and when they learned all they could, they should send him back. (...) It is not implausible, also in that scenario, for a lonely woman researcher to start feeling strongly maternal - even to the point of deciding to follow the child back to Prehistoric times. And if she goes there after having learned to speak at least the rudiments of the Neanderthal language, she would be a bit better equipped to survive...".

Original ending

In the first draft of the story, the story had ended very differently. Timmie was not returned to his own time, and it transpired that, due to his abduction, he was no longer the inventor of the technique for artificially creating fire, as he would have been. The course of history was therefore set back by 2,500 years, wiping out modern civilization.

Galaxy editor Horace Gold insisted that Asimov change the ending. Asimov agreed, and once he had written the new ending the story became one of Asimov's own favourites.

See also

 Neanderthals in popular culture

References

Notes

External links

 "Lastborn" at the Internet Archive
 Isaac Asimov reads "The Ugly Little Boy" at the Internet Archive

Short stories by Isaac Asimov
Science fiction novels by Isaac Asimov
1958 short stories
1992 American novels
Short fiction about time travel
Prehistoric people in popular culture
Collaborative novels
Works originally published in Galaxy Science Fiction
Doubleday (publisher) books
Fiction about neanderthals

The Ugly Little Boy


مقبس 478  وهو وصلة لوحدات المعالجة المركزية أنتجته شركة إنتل لوحداتها من نوع بنتيوم 4 و سيليرون من طراز نورثود (Northwood) و أولى وحدات بنتيوم 4 من طراز بريسكوت (Prescott) و بعض من وحدات بنتيوم 4 و سيليرون من طراز ويلاميت (Willamette). بالإضافة إلى بعض وحدات سيليرون دي منطراز بريسكوت (Prescott) وأوائل وحدات بنتيوم 4 إكستريم إديشون التي تحتوي على 2 ميقابايت أل 3 كاتش. وتم إطلاق السلسلة مع الوحدا من طراز نورثود لتتنافس مع مقبس إي من شركة إي أم دي و وحداتها آثلون إكس بي. وهو كان بديل لمقبس 423 الذي إستُخدم لفترة قصيرة.

وكانت لوحات الأم المستخدم لهذا المقبس تستعمل ذاكرة الوصول العشوائية من نوع دي دي آر-إس دي رام و أر دي رام. ولكن معظمها كان يستخدم دي دي آر. وكانت أول اللوحات الأم الداعمة لهذا المقبس تستخدم أر دي رام, ولكان كانت غالية على المستهلك، مما أدى في نهاية المطاف إلى استخدام دي دي آر-إس دي رام. ولاحقا تم استخدام نظام دي دي آر-أس دي رام ثنائي القنات.

وهذا المقبس كان يدعم معدل نقل بيانات رباعي مما أمن سرعة 400 MT/s لسرعة 100 هرتز أي 3.2 GB/s. وفي وقتها لم يكن هناك أي ذاكرة وصول عشوائية من نوع إس دس رام باستطاعتها أن تستفيد من هذه السرعة، ولذالك قامت شركة إنتل بمحاولة استخدام أر دي رام والذي كان غاليا على المستهلك، مما أدى إلى تركه.

مراجع

مقابس وحدة المعالجة المركزية

مقبس 478


Viggiano ist eine süditalienische Gemeinde (comune) mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) in der Provinz Potenza in der Basilikata. Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 34 Kilometer südsüdöstlich von Potenza und ist Teil der Comunità Montana Alto Agri. Das Gebiet wird von der Eni zur Ölförderung genutzt.

Verkehr
Die südwestliche Gemeindegrenze bildet die Strada Statale 598 di Fondo Valle d'Agri. Die Strada Statale 276 dell'Alto Agri, die direkt durch den Ort führt, kreuzt bei Marsicovetere bzw. Tramutola die S.S. 598.

Gemeindepartnerschaften
Viggiano ist mit den Gemeinden Połaniec in der polnischen Woiwodschaft Heiligkreuz, mit Vonitsa in Westgriechenland und mit Étoile-sur-Rhône im französischen Département Drôme partnerschaftlich verbunden. Diese Gemeinden pflegen ihrerseits untereinander Partnerschaften.

Persönlichkeiten
 Leonardo De Lorenzo (1875–1962), in die USA ausgewanderter Flötist, Komponist und Hochschullehrer ist in Viggiano geboren.
 Victor Salvi (1920–2015), US-amerikanischer Harfenbauer, erhielt 2006 die Ehrenbürgerschaft von Viggiano.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Basilikata
Weinbauort in Italien

Viggiano


Lipton International Players Championships 1989 var den femte udgave den turnering, som senere udviklede sig til Miami Open. Turneringen blev afviklet i perioden 20. marts - 2. april 1989 på et midligertidigt anlæg i Crandon Park i Key Biscayne, Florida, USA.

Turneringen bestod af en herresinglerække med 128 spillere og en herredoublerække med 64 par, der var en del af Grand prix-serien i tennis 1989, en damesinglerække med 128 spillere og en damedoublerække med 64 par, der var en del af WTA Tour 1989 samt en mixed double-række med 16 par. I herresingleturneringen blev alle kampene spillet bedst af fem sæt, i herredoublerækken blev der spillet bedst af fem sæt fra semifinalerne og frem, mens de øvrige rækker blev spillet bedst af tre sæt.

I herresinglefinalen skulle Ivan Lendl have spillet mod Thomas Muster, men aftenen før finalen var Muster involveret i et trafikuheld, der påførte ham en knæskade, og derfor var han ikke i stand til at stille op til kampen, som derfor blev aflyst. Damesingleturneringen blev vundet af Gabriela Sabatini med 6-1, 4-6, 6-2 over Chris Evert, som var i finalen for femte år i træk, men som måtte forlade slutkampen som taber for tredje gang i træk og fjerde gang i alt. Herredoubletitlen blev vundet af Jakob Hlasek og Anders Järryd, og dermed vandt Järryd titlen for andet år i træk. Deres finalemodstandere, Jim Grabb og Patrick McEnroe gav op efter at have tabt første sæt med 6-3. I damedouble vandt Jana Novotná og Helena Suková i finalen over Gigi Fernández og Lori McNeil med 7–6(5), 6–4, og dermed vandt Suková titlen for anden gang, idet hun tre år tidligere havde vundet den sammen med Pam Shriver. Og sidst men ikke mindst gik mixed double-titlen til Ken Flach og Jill Hetherington, der besejrede Sherwood Stewart og Zina Garrison i finalen med 6–2, 7–6(3).

Det var sidste gang, at der blev afviklet en mixed double-turnering som en del af Miami Open.

Finaler

Resultater

Herresingle

Ottendedelsfinaler, kvartfinaler, semifinaler og finale

Første, anden og tredje runde

Damesingle

Fjerde runde, kvartfinaler, semifinaler og finale

Første, anden og tredje runde

Herredouble

Kvartfinaler, semifinaler og finale

Første, anden og tredje runde

Damedouble

Kvartfinaler, semifinaler og finale

Første, anden og tredje runde

Mixed double

Kilder / eksterne henvisninger

Resultater
ATP Tour – Scores archive – Miami 1989
WTA - Archive - Miami 1989

Grand prix-serien i tennis 1989
WTA Tour 1989
1989


වසර 1503 (MDIII) යනු,  ජූලියානු දින දසුන ප්‍රකාර,  ඉරිදා දිනයකින් ඇරඹෙන සාමාන්‍ය අවුරුද්දක් (බැඳිය විසින් මුළු දින දසුන දක්වනු ඇත) විය.

ක්‍රි.ව. 1503

1503


Nahid Anahita Ratebzad (; * 1931 in Guldara; † 7. September 2014 in Dortmund) war eine afghanische Diplomatin und Politikerin.

Leben
Nahid Anahita Ratebzad besuchte das Malalai Lycée in Kabul und studierte in den 1950er Jahren an der Chicago School of Nursing Gesundheits- und Krankenpflege. In Kabul leitete sie ein Frauenkrankenhaus und lehrte Krankenpflege. Als 1963 an der Universität Kabul ein Lehrstuhl für Medizin eingerichtet wurde, arbeitete sie dort im Lehrkörper.

1965, nach Inkrafttreten der neuen Verfassung, setzte sie sich im Wahlkreis Kabul bei der Wahl zur Wolesi Dschirga gegen Mir Fath Muhammad als eine von vier Frauen durch. Bei handgreiflichen Auseinandersetzungen nach dem 25. Oktober 1965 schützte sie Babrak Karmal davor von Parlamentskollegen erschlagen zu werden. In dieses Gremium wurde sie 1969 erneut gewählt und fungierte dort als Vorsitzende. 1976 wurde sie in das Zentralkomitee der Demokratischen Volkspartei Afghanistans gewählt.

Im Zuge der Saurrevolution 27. April 1978 wurde sie in den Revolutionsrat der Demokratischen Republik Afghanistan gewählt und fungierte dort als Sozialministerin. Innerhalb der Demokratischen Volkspartei wurde sie der Parcham-Fraktion zugerechnet. Am 10. Juli 1978 wurde sie vom Parteiflügel der Chalqis als Sozialministerin entlassen und als Botschafterin nach Belgrad gesandt.

Von 1980 bis 1981 war sie in der Regierung von Babrak Karmal Bildungsministerin. 1989 gehörte sie dem Politbüro der Demokratischen Volkspartei an.

Einzelnachweise

Bildungsminister (Afghanistan)
Sozialminister (Afghanistan)
Afghanischer Botschafter in Jugoslawien
Afghane
Geboren 1931
Gestorben 2014
Frau
Person (Dortmund)

Nahid Anahita Ratebzad


Rugby railway station serves the market town of Rugby in Warwickshire, England. The current station dates from 1885; two previous stations dating from 1838 and 1840 respectively, existed at locations to the west of the current one. It has been Rugby's only station, since the closure of the former Rugby Central station in 1969, on the now-abandoned Great Central Main Line route through the town. Between 1950 and 1970, the station was known as Rugby Midland before reverting to its original title. The station underwent an extensive remodelling between 2006 and 2008; new platforms were added and a new ticket office and entrance building were constructed. The original Victorian part of the station was retained in the upgrade.

Rugby Station is at the centre of two important junctions of the West Coast Main Line (WCML) connecting London to Birmingham, North West England, and Scotland. The junction between the Trent Valley Line to the North West and the Rugby-Birmingham-Stafford Line to Birmingham is a short distance west of the station. East of the station, the Northampton Loop Line diverges at a junction from the direct line to London. Until the 1960s, it also had routes to ,  and  but these have all since been closed.

The present station, managed by Avanti West Coast, is located roughly half a mile north of Rugby town centre. On the WCML as a whole, it is located  north of London Euston and  south of . It is now the busiest station in Warwickshire.

Current services

Inter-city train services are operated by Avanti West Coast, with off peak services to London, Birmingham New Street, Wolverhampton, Crewe, Preston and Manchester Piccadilly and morning peak and evening peak services to/from Glasgow Central, Chester, Liverpool Lime Street, Blackpool North, Carlisle and Lancaster.

West Midlands Trains operate frequent regional services under the London Northwestern branding between London Euston or Northampton to Birmingham New Street and they operate services between London Euston to Stafford, Stoke-on-Trent and Crewe (via the Trent Valley line).

Off-peak weekday service in trains per hour (tph) is:

London Northwestern Railway:
 3tph to London Euston, two semi-fast via  and one express service calling at  only.
 2tph to , both semi-fast
 1tph to  via  and Stafford.

 Avanti West Coast:
 2tph to London Euston
 1tph to Manchester Piccadilly
 1tph to Birmingham New Street
 4tpd to
 4tpd to
 2tpd to
 1tpd to

Railway lines served

West Coast Main Line
Since the 1960s, Rugby is served only by the West Coast Main Line. However, as the WCML divides here on either side of the station, it provides an interchange between the routes and consequently many trains stop here.

In the chainage notation traditionally used on the railway, the station is  from Euston.

Hillmorton Junction
To the southeast of the station, the original London and Birmingham Railway (L&BR) line (opened 1838), which runs directly to London, is joined at a grade separated junction near Hillmorton by the Northampton loop line (opened 1881) which runs to Northampton before rejoining the line to London at Hanslope Junction. This junction is  from Euston.

Trent Valley Junction
To the northwest of the station the WCML diverges again between the original London and Birmingham line, now referred to as the Birmingham Loop, which runs westwards to Coventry and Birmingham, and the Trent Valley Line (opened 1847) which diverges at a flyover junction northwestwards towards Stafford and the North West of England and Scotland. It is  from Euston.

Closed Lines

Until the 1960s Rugby station served several other railway lines, which were closed mostly as part of the Beeching Axe. At one time railway lines diverged from Rugby station in seven different directions. The closed lines were:

The Midland Counties Railway (later Midland Railway) line to  and the East Midlands which opened in 1840. In the mid-19th century this was an important main line, as the junction at Rugby provided the Midland Railway with its only link to London. Nearly all rail traffic between London and the north passed through Rugby, making it one of the most important railway junctions in the country. Increasing congestion at Rugby meant that Midland Railway opened its route from Leicester to London in the late 1860s. The Leicester to Rugby line lost its earlier importance, and became little more than a country branch line, it continued to operate as such for nearly a century until it was closed on 30 December 1961. A remaining relic of this line locally is the  disused viaduct across the Avon valley, which is a local landmark.
The Rugby and Stamford Railway which was a secondary cross-country line owned by the London and North Western Railway which ran from Rugby to Peterborough via . The line was opened on 29 April 1850. It originally ran to Stamford where it joined the Midland Railway's Syston and Peterborough Railway. But later on, in order to gain a more direct route, the LNWR gained permission to build a line from  to the Northampton and Peterborough Railway near Wansford, part of which survives as the Nene Valley Railway. Traffic was never heavy, and Doctor Beeching viewed it as an unnecessary duplication of the Birmingham to Peterborough Line and it was closed on 6 June 1966.
The Rugby to Leamington Line which was a country branch line to Leamington Spa which was opened on 1 March 1851. Local passenger services were withdrawn in 1959, and the line closed as a through route in 1966.

The Great Central Main Line (GCML) also ran through the town and had its own station at , but as this was built by a rival company, it never had any connection to the other railways in Rugby. It was opened in 1899 and closed between 1966 and 1969.

Layout
Rugby station has a total of six platforms, consisting of five through platforms (platforms 1, 2, 4, 5 & 6) and one east facing bay platform (platform 3) which is not in regular use. Platform 1 on the south of the station is a side platform, to its north are two island platforms which contain platforms 2,3 & 4 and 5 & 6 respectively. The platforms are above street level on a brick embankment, and are accessed from a subway via ramps stairs and lifts, except platform 1 which is accessed by stairs and a lift directly from the ticket office. The main entrance and ticket office is on the south side facing the town centre, with a secondary subway entrance to the north.

Between 1885 and 2008, Rugby station consisted of one large island platform, containing only two through platforms which are now platforms 2 and 4. The through platforms were long enough however to allow two trains to call at them at the same time, a feature enabled by scissors crossovers at the midway point of the platforms; this practice was abandoned in the 1960s when the crossovers were removed. At each end were bay platforms, four west facing, and two east facing: The bay platforms historically accommodated the various terminating branch line and local services, but had become largely redundant when these services were withdrawn. All but one of the bay platforms were removed during the 2008 remodelling, and the extra through platforms were added.

History

First station (1838–40)
The first railway station to be built in Rugby was a wooden temporary structure located around half a mile to the west of the present station. It opened on 9 April 1838 when the London and Birmingham Railway was constructed. However great difficulty in constructing the Kilsby Tunnel in Northamptonshire delayed the full opening of the line, which was not finished in time for the coronation of Queen Victoria on 28 June 1838. Aware of the lucrative traffic the event would generate, the company opened the north end of the line, between Birmingham and Rugby, and the south end from London to a temporary station at  near Bletchley, with a stagecoach shuttle service linking the two parts to allow through journeys to London. The line was officially fully opened on 17 September 1838, with the first passenger train from London to Birmingham arriving that day.

At the time of the railway's construction, Rugby was a small market town of around 2,500 inhabitants, notable only for its school. The town was around half a mile to the south, uphill from the station, which at the time was located in open countryside. The original station was located on the western side of where the railway crossed Newbold Road (the Rugby to Leicester turnpike road, now the A426) because at the time this was the only road north from Rugby.

Second station (1840–1885)
The first station lasted only a few years. When a junction was made with the Midland Counties Railway in 1840, a new station was built at the site of the junction, which opened on 4 July 1840; it was  to the east of the original station, and   to the west of the present station. A new road, Railway Terrace had to be built to link it to the town centre, because at the time it was located in open countryside.

This second station was effectively managed by two companies – the London and North Western Railway and the Midland Railway – and for this reason grew up in a haphazard fashion. It was at first no more than a temporary wooden structure, but was gradually rebuilt into a more permanent structure over the following decade. This station consisted of platforms at each side of the track with one bay platform. The platforms were rather low and passengers complained of having to perform an "acrobatic feat" to board trains.

The station was at the centre of a busy junction and often saw chaotic scenes. It featured, only lightly disguised, in Charles Dickens's story Mugby Junction: This was inspired by an incident in April 1866, when Charles Dickens was travelling from London to Liverpool. Dickens's train made an unscheduled stop at Rugby due to one of the carriages catching fire. While waiting for his journey to resume, he went into the refreshment room for a cup of coffee, and the proprietess, clearly not recognising the celebrity author, treated him rudely. Inspired by this, his story 'Mugby Junction' in chapter three made a scathing attack on railway refreshment rooms and their staff.

The present station (1885–)

The second station lasted until the 1880s, when a new line from Rugby to Northampton (the Northampton loop) was built, the old station was deemed by the LNWR to be no-longer satisfactory, and in 1882, £70,000 was allocated to replace it with the current station which opened on 5 July 1885. Another £30,000 was allocated to build a hotel, although this was never built.
The Midland Railway retained the part of the older station which it had managed, however. One platform of the old station, separate from the new station, continued to be used by local trains on the Midland Railway's branch to Leicester until 8 March 1930. No trace of this now remains, however, as it was demolished in the 1960s to make way for the postal sorting office.

When constructed the station consisted of one large island platform with bay platforms at each end for terminating local services. The main island platforms are accessed from a tunnel at road level and a ramp leading to the platforms. When constructed the station had a large steel and glass trainshed roof which consisted of 117 ft (35.6 m) wide spans on each side, covering the station platforms and tracks. Originally the sides of the station had glass side screens but these were later removed. The condition of the roof deteriorated, and in the 1980s the glass over the tracks was removed, and finally the entire structure was dismantled between 2000 and 2002 when it became unstable, and was replaced with modern canopies over the platforms.

The station had one of the longest platforms of any British railway station, at , but the two main island platforms were both shortened as part of the 2007–08 station upgrade. The platform was long enough to allow two trains to call at it at the same time. This unusual feature was enabled by 'scissors crossings' halfway along the platforms. The scissor crossings were X-shaped junctions which allowed one train to pass another one already in the platform, and call into the same platform ahead of it, and allowed the train to the rear to pull out of the station, effectively doubling the capacity of the platform. The scissor crossings remained in use until the railway was electrified in the 1960s.

In 1899 a second station, , was opened in Rugby. To distinguish it from the other station, the present station became known as Rugby Midland. Rugby Central closed in 1969, and Rugby Midland reverted to being called just Rugby in 1970.

The station came under the management of the London and North Western Railway (LNWR) (1885–1923), and then the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) (1923–1948), and then the nationalised British Railways (1948–1997). It is now owned by Network Rail.

2006–2008 remodelling
As a part of the West Coast Main Line modernisation programme carried out by Network Rail, major track restructuring work was carried out to allow higher speed running through Rugby. Previously non-stopping trains passing through Rugby were limited to 75 mph, the track upgrades raised the speed to 125 mph, thus eliminating another bottleneck from the WCML. The station itself also underwent a major £170 million redevelopment which included:

The addition of three new through platforms, bringing the total up to five, including a new platform on the south side of the station and a second island platform on the north side.
The construction of a new entrance building and ticket office: Historically all of the station's facilities, including the ticket office were concentrated on the station's single island platform, which was accessed from street level by a subway. The main entrance to the station therefore consisted of a simple opening to the subway. The additional platforms required that the ticket office be moved to a new entrance building at the front of the station.

It was at one time thought that remodelling of the track layout would entail complete demolition of the present station, but the final plans involved retention of the existing island platform and buildings. Work began in September 2006 and was completed late in 2008.

The platform on the south side of the station opened for use on 29 May 2007, and as a result all of the platforms were renumbered. This platform became Platform 1, the former Platform 1 became Platform 2 and 2 became 4. The additional platforms on the north side of the station are numbered Platforms 5 and 6 and they opened on 27 August 2008. Platform 8 became Platform 3. At the same time four former westbound bay platforms originally numbered 3 to 6, and one eastbound bay numbered 7 were removed.

Another distinctive feature of the local railway landscape also vanished at this time – the 'bird cage' bridge. This was a 'heavy' girder bridge of two substantial spans over the West Coast Main Line to the east ('up' side) of the station. This was the means by which the Great Central Main Line crossed the London & North Western Railway competing line.

Signalling

Rugby once had the largest concentration of mechanical signalling in the world and was home to one of the most impressive signal gantries in Britain. Situated to the south of the station and erected in 1895, it spanned three tracks and carried forty-four semaphore arms. Every arm was duplicated due to sighting difficulties that resulted from the Great Central Railway's 'Birdcage' bridge crossing the WCML behind the gantry's location. The gantry acquired the nickname of "the Rugby Bedstead" on account of its appearance.

In 1939, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway resignalled the Rugby area with colour light signals, although the mechanical signal boxes were retained. The famous signal gantry became redundant, following which it was divided up into smaller pieces to form a number of smaller structures for re-use elsewhere.

SGE was awarded a contract to resignal the Rugby area in preparation for electrification. Rugby Power Signal Box (PSB) opened in 1964. It is located east of the station, on the south (Down) side of the railway. The whole station area, together with part of the WCML stretching as far south as Castlethorpe, was controlled from this new box. It was equipped with an 'NX' (entrance-exit) panel. In 1991, Rugby PSB took over control of the Northampton area using Solid State Interlocking (SSI). Rugby PSB closed in May 2012 when control of Northampton was transferred to Rugby SCC.

Rugby Signalling Control Centre (SCC), located north-west of the station, opened in 2004. Initially, its area of control was limited to a portion of the WCML between Kings Langley and Linslade Tunnel.  The current area of control is Kings Langley, Hertfordshire to Armitage in Staffordshire.  Area of control also includes small portions of branch lines around Nuneaton; these include the Coventry-Nuneaton (from Three Spires to Nuneaton) and part of the Arley/Hinckley lines (Arley Tunnel to Padge Hall).  In March 2016, the WCML South Rail Operating Centre (ROC) was opened at Rugby – this will supervise the signalling on the entire southern end of the WCML and associated branch routes.

Motive Power Depots

A shed for three locomotives was opened here in 1838 by the London and Birmingham Railway and another in 1847. These were demolished to make way for two larger sheds in 1852, one for the use of the Northern Division locomotives and one by the Southern Division. The LNWR replaced these with a single 12-road shed in 1876, which was closed in 1965, but used for stabling diesel shunters. An adjoining 12-road shed was opened in 1886, but was closed and demolished by British Railways in 1960.

Connections
Bus route 4, operated by Stagecoach Midlands, connects the railway station with Rugby town centre and the suburbs of Cawston and Bilton.

Bus route D1 and D2, operated by Stagecoach Midlands, previously connected the railway station with Rugby town centre, now replaced on this section by services 1 and 2, which connects with buses D1 and D2 to the suburbs of Barby, Braunston, Brownsover, DIRFT, Hillmorton, and Kilsby. The service then continues onto serve the nearby town of Daventry.

See also
 Rugby Central railway station - former Great Central station serving Rugby.
 Rugby Parkway railway station - proposed new station which would be on the town's outskirts.
 Clifton Mill railway station - former station serving the adjacent village of Clifton-upon-Dunsmore
 Midland Counties Railway Viaduct, Rugby - disused railway viaduct.
 Rugby Locomotive Testing Station - former locomotive testing facility at Rugby.

References

External links

 Rugby Station at warwickshirerailways.com

Railway stations in Warwickshire
DfT Category C1 stations
Former London and Birmingham Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1838
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1840
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1840
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1885
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1885
Railway stations served by Avanti West Coast
Railway stations served by West Midlands Trains
Rugby, Warwickshire
Buildings and structures in Rugby, Warwickshire
Stations on the West Coast Main Line

Rugby railway station


Hayme Hâtun veya Hayma Ana, Osmanlı Devleti'nin kurucusu olan Osman Gazi'nin ninesi, Ertuğrul Gazi, Sungurtekin Bey, Gündoğdu Bey ve Dündar Bey'in annesidir. Kendisine Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nun Devlet Ana (Devlet Anası) unvanı verilmiş ve tanınmıştır.

İsminin kökeni
Hayma'nın çağrıştırdığı sözcük, çadır anlamındaki Arapça "hayme"dir. Ancak daha yeni Müslüman bir Türkmen kızına Hayme adı verilmesi mantıksızdır. Tarihçi Anthony Dolphin Alderson bunu "Haime" yazmış. Zamanla Hayma'ya dönüşen sözcük aslında, "ay" kökünden "ayma", "aymak", "ayman" gibi Türkçe bir ad olmalı. Divanü Lügâti't-Türk'te, "ayamak" (lâkap vermek, korumak), "aymak" (söylemek); Tarama Sözlüğü'nde de "aymak" (ayıltmak, aklını başına getirmek) sözcükleri vardır.

Anısı
Necdet Sakaoğlu'nun bildirdiğine göre, tarihçiler tarafından fazla araştırılmamış olan Hayma Ana'nın anısı Domaniç beldesinin halkı tarafından yaşatılmıştır. Çarşamba köyündeki bir mezarın yüzyıllar boyunca yöre halkı tarafından Hayma Hâtun'un kabri olarak ziyaret edildiğini duyan Osmanlı Padişahı II. Abdülhamid 1892 yılında burada bir türbe inşa ettirmiştir. Diğer taraftan da İdris-i Bitlisî Heşt Behişt isimli tarihinde Osman Gazi'nin küçük oğlu Alâeddin Paşa'yı Bilecik'te annesinin yanında ikamet ettirdiği yazmaktadır.

Yaşamı
Osmanlı padişahlarının Müslüman olmayan cariyelerle evlenmeleri geleneği henüz başlamadığı için Hayma Hâtun'un Türk olduğu söylenir. Bir başka inanışa göre ise, Hayme Ana, Kaya Alpoğlu Süleyman Şah'ın eşi, Ertuğrul Gazi'nin annesi ve Osmanlı Devleti'nin kurucusu Osman Gazi'nin de büyükannesidir. Kocası Süleyman Şah'ın Fırat Nehri'ni geçerken boğularak ölmesi üzerine Kayı Boyu'nun başına geçen Hayme Ana, Selçuklu Sultanı Alâeddin Keykubad'ın yer göstermesi üzerine önce Ankara Karacadağ, ardından da Domaniç ve Söğüt'e yerleşir. Ertuğrul Gazi, "Devlet Ana" diye de anılan annesi Hayme Ana'yı, Çarşamba köyünde her yıl çadır kurduğu bir tepe üzerine defnettirdi. Hayma Ana'nın mezarının, Ertuğrul Gazi'nin Söğüt'teki türbesinin uzağında Domaniç'te olması, yaylak-kışlak yaşantısına bağlanarak Hayma'nın Kayıların yayladığı bir yaz mevsiminde öldüğü söylenebilir. Sultan II. Abdülhamid, 1892'de Hayme Ana'nın kabri üzerine bugünkü türbeyi yaptırdı. Çarşamba köyünde vefat eden Hayme Ana için mezarı başında anma töreni düzenleniyor. Hayme Hatun'un türbesi ve Hayme Ana heykeli Kütahya'nın Domaniç ilçesinde görülebilecek en önemli yerlerden biridir.

Popüler kültürdeki yeri
2014-2019 yılları arasında TRT 1 de yayınlanan Diriliş Ertuğrul dizisinde Hülya Darcan tarafından canlandırılmıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Halime Hatun

Kaynakça

Bibliyografya
 İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı, Osmanlı Tarihi, C.I
 Selim Yıldız, "Hayme Ana", Vilayetlerin Sultanlığından Faziletlerin Sultanlığına Osmanlı Devleti, Kütahya 1999, s.40
 Mehmed Maksudoğlu, Osmanlı Tarihi, İstanbul 2001, s.21

Osmanlı Hanedanı
13. yüzyıl kadınları
13. yüzyılda Osmanlılar
Osmanlı padişah eşleri
Oğuzlar

Hayme Hatun


Barbadoska vaterpolska reprezentacija predstavlja državu Barbados u međunarodnom športu muškom vaterpolu.

Nastupi na Panameričkim igrama

 1971.: 8. mjesto

Utakmice

 3. kolovoza 1971.: Kolumbija-Barbados 8:2
 5. kolovoza 1971.: Brazil-Barbados 13:5

 7. kolovoza 1971.: Kolumbija-Barbados 6:5

 8. kolovoza 1971.: Barbados-Portoriko 7:5

Izvori

Vaterpolske reprezentacije
Vaterpolo

Barbadoska vaterpolska reprezentacija


روبرت بانكس جنكنسون  يعرف أيضاً بلقب إيرل ليفربول الثاني  سياسي بريطاني (7 يونيو 1770-4 ديسمبر 1828). تولى رئاسة الوزارة في بريطانيا من 8 يونيو 1812 إلى 9 أبريل 1827.

بصفته رئيسًا للوزراء، دعا ليفربول إلى اتخاذ تدابير قمعية على المستوى المحلي للحفاظ على النظام هناك بعد مذبحة بيترلو عام 1819. تعامل بسلاسة مع الأمير الأمير القائم باعمال الملك عندما أصبح الملك جورج الثالث عاجزًا، كما قاد البلاد خلال فترة الراديكالية والاضطرابات التي أعقبت الحروب النابليونية. فضل جينكينسون المصالح التجارية والتصنيعية وكذلك مصلحة الأرض، وسعى للوصول إلى حل وسط بشأن قضية التحرر الكاثوليكي. عزز انتعاش الاقتصاد موقف روبرت السياسين وبحلول عشرينيات القرن التاسع عشر، أصبح زعيمًا لمجموعة الإصلاح «الليبراليون المحافظون» التي خفضت التعرفة الجمركية وألغت عقوبة الإعدام للعديد من الجرائم  وأصلحت القانون الجنائي. لكن عند وفاته، كان حزب المحافظين منقسمًا بشدة.

يقول المؤرخ جون ديري أنه كان:رجل دولة قدير وذكي، فاقت مهارته في بناء حزبه وقيادة البلاد إلى النصر في الحرب ضد نابليون وإرساء أسس الازدهار، قلة شعبيته في سنوات ما بعد معركة واترلو مباشرة.تضمنت الأحداث المهمة خلال فترة رئاسته للوزراء حرب 1812 مع الولايات المتحدة والتحالفين السادس والسابع ضد الإمبراطورية الفرنسية وانتهاء الحروب النابليونية في مؤتمر فيينا وقوانين الذرة ومذبحة بيترلو والقانون الثالوثي لعام 1812 وقضية التحرر الكاثوليكي. صنفه العلماء في مرتبة عالية بين جميع رؤساء الوزراء البريطانيين، لكن رئيس الوزراء المحافظ الذي أتى بعده لقبه بـ «متوسط المستوى».

بداياته
عمّد جينكينسون في 29 يونيو من العام 1770 في سانت مارغريت، وستمنستر. والد مستشار جورج الثالث المقرب تشارلز جينكينسون الذي أصبح فيما بعد أول إيرل لليفربول، ووالدته زوجة تشارلز الأولى، أميليا واتس. توفيت والدة جينكينسون، التي كانت ابنة أحد كبار مسؤولي شركة الهند الشرقية، ويليام واتس، وزوجته بيجوم جونسون عن عمر19 عامًا، نتيجة لولادة روبرت بعد شهر منها.

تلقى جينكينسون تعليمه في مدرسة تشارترهاوس وكريست تشيرش بأكسفورد. في صيف عام 1789، أمضى جينكينسون أربعة أشهر في باريس لتعلم اللغة الفرنسية وإتقانها وتوسيع خبرته الاجتماعية. عاد إلى أكسفورد لمدة ثلاثة أشهر لإكمال شروط إقامته، وفي مايو من العام 1790  حاز على شهادة الماجيستير في الفنون.

فاز في انتخابات مجلس العموم عام 1790 عن راي، وهو المقعد الذي شغله حتى عام 1803؛ لكنه في ذلك الوقت لم يكن قد بلغ سن الدخول إلى البرلمان، فامتنع عن شغل مقعده وقضى الشتاء التالي وأوائل الربيع في جولة طويلة في القارة الأوروبية. شملت هذه الجولة هولندا وإيطاليا، وفي نهايته أصبح كبيرًا بما يكفي لشغل مقعده في البرلمان. ليس من الواضح بالضبط متى دخل مجلس العموم، لكن بما أن عيد ميلاده الحادي والعشرين لم يحلّ حتى نهاية دورة انعقاد المجلس لعام 1791 تقريبًا، فمن المحتمل أنه انتظر حتى العام التالي ليشغل مقعده.

بمساعدة نفوذ والده وموهبته السياسية، ارتقى بسرعة في حكومة حزب المحافظين. في فبراير  من العام 1792، قدم الرد على اقتراح صمويل ويتبريد النقدي لسياسة الحكومة الروسية. ألقى العديد من الخطابات خلال الجلسة، بما في ذلك خطاب ضد إلغاء تجارة الرقيق وهو ما عكس معارضة والده القوية لحملة وليام ويلبرفورس. شغل منصب عضو مجلس التحكم في الهند منذ عام 1793 حتى 1796.

في الحركة الدفاعية التي أعقبت اندلاع الأعمال العدائية مع فرنسا، كان جنكينسون من أوائل وزراء الحكومة الذين انضموا إلى الميليشيات. أصبح كولونيلًا في إحدى المجموعات عام 1794، لكن مهامه العسكرية أدت إلى غيابه المتكرر عن مجلس العموم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 مؤامرة كاتو ستريت

أساتذة دار السك
أشخاص متعلمون في مدرسة شارترهاوس
أشخاص من لندن
أشخاص من وستمينستر
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1801–02
أعضاء برلمان المملكة المتحدة 1802–06
خريجو كنيسة المسيح (أوكسفورد)
رؤساء مجلس اللوردات
رؤساء وزراء المملكة المتحدة القرن 19
زملاء الجمعية الملكية
سياسيون بريطانيون من أصل هندي
فرسان الرباط
مواليد 1770
مواليد في لندن
وزراء خارجية بريطانيا
وفيات 1828
وفيات في سري

روبرت جنكنسون


An Gorgonidium mirabile in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Wilhelm Schott. An Gorgonidium mirabile in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gorgonidium, ngan familia nga Araceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Bolivia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Gorgonidium

Gorgonidium mirabile


Isabella Levina Lueen også kendt som Levina (født 1. maj 1991) er en tysk sangerinde som repræsenterede Tyskland ved Eurovision Song Contest 2017.

Levina blev født i Bonn og voksede op i Chemnitz. Hun studerede sang og komposition i London. I februar 2017 vandt hun tv-showet Unser Song 2017 og blev udvalgt som Tysklands repræsentant for Eurovision Song Contest med sangen "Perfect Life". I april 2017 udgav hun sit debutalbum Unexpected. Ved ESC-finalen i Kyiv fik hun dog kun en 25. plads.

Eksterne henvisninger

 Officiel hjemmeside (tysk, engelsk, fransk, russisk)
 Biografi på eurovision.de (tysk)

Sangere fra Tyskland
Deltagere ved Eurovision Song Contest 2017
Tysklands Eurovision Song Contest-deltagere

Levina


Üçtepe, Adana ilinin İmamoğlu ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin adı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Muslu Mantaş olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Adana il merkezine 64, İmamoğlu ilçe merkezine 26 km uzaklıktadır. Mahalle, Menteş Barajı kıyısındadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

İmamoğlu'nun mahalleleri

Üçtepe, İmamoğlu


Dvoransko prvenstvo veterana HNS-a je malonogometno natjecanje za veterane kojeg organizira Hrvatski nogometni savez, odnosno njegova Komisija za veteranski nogomet.

O natjecanju
Prvenstvo veterana HNS-a se igra od 2003. godine. Natjecanje se obično organizira kao turnir na u veljači, a na njega se sudionici kvalificiraju preko županijskih natjecanja (obično županijskih liga za veterane, u organizaciji županijskih nogometnih saveza), te preko pozivnica. Utakmice se uobičajeno igraju kao dva poluvremena po 12 minuta, dok se u četvrtfinalima, polufinalima i finalu završne 3 minute utakmice igra "čista igra".

Natjecanja po sezonama

Zbirna tablica osvajača odličja

Poveznice
 Prvenstvo veterana HNS-a
 Hrvatski nogometni savez

Izvori

 Hrvatski nogometni savez - veterani

veterani

Dvoransko prvenstvo veterana HNS-a


Ategorrieta es un apeadero ferroviario situado en la ciudad española de San Sebastián en el barrio de Ategorrieta.

Forma parte la línea C-1 de la red de Cercanías San Sebastián operada por Renfe.

Situación ferroviaria
La estación se encuentra en el punto kilométrico 624,307 de la línea férrea de ancho convencional que une Madrid con Hendaya a 19,26 metros de altitud.

Historia
La estación fue inaugurada el 18 de octubre de 1863 con la puesta en marcha del tramo Irún-San Sebastián de la línea radial Madrid-Hendaya. Su explotación inicial quedó a cargo de la Compañía de los Caminos de Hierro del Norte de España, quien mantuvo su titularidad hasta que en 1941 fue nacionalizada e integrada en la recién creada RENFE. Desde el 31 de diciembre de 2004 Renfe Operadora explota la línea mientras que Adif es la titular de las instalaciones ferroviarias.

Servicios ferroviarios

Cercanías
Los trenes de cercanías de la Línea C-1 son los únicos que se detienen en la estación.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Cercanías San Sebastián en la web de Renfe

Ategorrieta
Transporte de San Sebastián
Ate
Estaciones de ferrocarril de España inauguradas en 1863
Estaciones de ferrocarril del País Vasco inauguradas en el siglo XIX

Estación de Ategorrieta


Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (UFTMP) ligger i den fransk delstat Midi-Pyrénées og regnes for at være blandt verdens førende tekniske universiteter.

UFTMP vægter især uddannelse indenfor naturvidenskab (ingeniøruddannelser) samt forskning på internationalt topplan.

Forskere på UFTMP har gjort sig fortjent til ikke mindre end 1 nobelpriser.

Eksterne henvisninger

 UFTMP

Universiteter i Frankrig
Toulouse

Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées


Alisa Kovalenko est une réalisatrice ukrainienne.

Biographie
Alisa Kovalenko est née en 1987 à Zaporijia en Ukraine. Elle vit à Kiev. Son parcours de formation débute par le journalisme. Elle poursuit ensuite ses études jusqu'à son diplôme à l'université de théâtre et de cinéma Karpenko-Kary à Kiev et se spécialise dans le cinéma documentaire. Elle étudie également à l'école de cinéma Andrzej-Wajda à Varsovie, et reçoit l'enseignement d'un réalisateur de documentaire réputé : Marcel Łoziński. Les réalisations d'Alisa Kovalenko sont sélectionnées et primées en Ukraine et dans de nombreux festivals internationaux. En 2019, Alisa devient membre de l'Académie européenne du cinéma.

Réalisations
Impliquée dans la révolution ukrainienne de 2014 puis la guerre du Donbass dans l'est de l'Ukraine, Alisa Kovalenko part tourner sur les barricades de la révolution de Maidan, et filme la bataille de l'aéroport de Donetsk.

Elle réalise alors son deuxième documentaire, Alisa in Warland, réalisé en 2015 avec Liubov Durakova. Ce documentaire est empreint du questionnement douloureux de la réalisatrice. Impliquée en tant que cinéaste, comme observatrice derrière la caméra, elle est enlevée et emprisonnée par les séparatistes, et devient participante aux évènements violents en cours. Ce documentaire, témoin également de sa relation avec son compagnon, est imprégné de l'expérience et du questionnement de la réalisatrice durant ce voyage éprouvant. Il est programmé dans plus de 60 festivals et reçoit de nombreuses distinctions.

Home Games, réalisé en 2018, dans la banlieue de Kiev est son troisième long-métrage documentaire, Fruit d'un tournage de trois ans, ce documentaire nous fait découvrir la réalité du football amateur féminin en Ukraine. Le film est nourri de la grande proximité que la réalisatrice a avec le personnage principal, Alina Shilovala, dont on partage la conviction, les doutes et la lutte quotidienne. Prise dans un enchainement d'évènements familiaux difficiles, l'héroïne du film va devoir faire des choix.

Ce film reçoit lui aussi de nombreux prix, notamment en tant que meilleur documentaire Ukrainien par Ukrainian Film Academy en 2019.

Filmographie
 2014, Video-poetry of Maidan
 2014, Sister Zo
 2015, Alisa in Warland
 2018, Home Games
 2023, We Will Not Fade Away

Récompenses et nominations
 2019 : Festival Traces de Vies - Clermont-Ferrand (France) - Mention spéciale
 2018 : Festival international du film documentaire de Jihlava (République tchèque) - Silver Eye award nominee
 2018 : Festival International du Film Listapad - Minsk (Biélorussie) - Grand Prix for the Best documentary
 2018 :Festival international du film d'Odessa - Kiev (Ukraine) - Best European Documentary
 2018 : IDFA - Festival international du film documentaire d'Amsterdam (Pays-Bas) - Best of Fests

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Zaporijjia
Naissance en RSS d'Ukraine
Naissance en 1987
Réalisatrice ukrainienne

Alisa Kovalenko


Unformal fue una banda azerí de rock formada en el año 2000 en la ciudad de Bakú. formada por la actriz y cantante Dilara Kazimova (vocal), Farida Nelson (guitarra, piano, corista), Orkhan Huseinov (bajo), Evgeniy Manukhin (batería), Igor Garanin (conocido como LooPer) (DJ, guitarra), Yashar Bakhish (guitarra) y Toro (teclados).

Es considerada uno de los grupos más conocidos y de culto del rock en Azerbaiyán. el grupo solo sacó 2 álbumes de estudio y llegaron al éxito por la canción "Sonsuz Yol".

Historia

Unformal fue fundada en 2000 por Rustam Mammadov y Ismayilov Novruz (parcialmente). Durante los primeros años de su existencia era conocida como una banda de hard rock.

En el 2001 ganó Unformal ganó el concurso Azerbaijan Rock Award Competition.

En el 2006 la vocalista Dilara Kazimova y el integrante Igor Garanin (LooPer) se unieron a la banda y desde entonces Unformal cambió su estilo musical haciéndolo más del rock alternativo y del metal con toques del rock progresivo.

En marzo de 2007 el sencillo "Sonsuz Yol" fue aclamada por los oyentes, convirtiéndose en la canción mejor clasificada en Azerbaiyán, Ucrania y Turquía.

Unformal también tuvo lugar en la final nacional de Azerbaiyán en el Festival de Eurovisión de 2008 y se convirtió en segundo lugar después de Elnur Huseynov y Javadzadeh Samir.

En el 2009 Unformal término sus actividades del grupo trasladándose la vocalista Dilara al grupo de pop: Milk & Kisses.

Integrantes

Exintegrantes

 Dilara Kazimova - vocalista
 Farida Nelson - guitarra, piano, vocalista de apoyo
 Orkhan Huseinov - bajo
 Evgeniy Manukhin - batería
 Igor Garanin "LooPer" - DJ, guitarra
 Yashar Bakhisi - guitarra
 Rustam Mammadov - ?
 Ismayilov Novruz - ?
 Toro - teclados

Discografía

Álbumes de estudio

 2003: "Norm of Reality"
 2005: "Unformal"

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 "Sonsuz Yol" Video musical de la Canción en YouTube.
 Unformal en MySpace.
 Unformal en Facebook.
 Unformal en Sound Cloud.

Representantes de Azerbaiyán en Eurovisión
Sextetos de música de Azerbaiyán
Grupos de música de Azerbaiyán
Grupos de rock de Azerbaiyán
Grupos de nu metal de Azerbaiyán
Grupos de rock progresivo de Azerbaiyán
Grupos de rock alternativo de Azerbaiyán
Grupos de metal alternativo de Azerbaiyán
Grupos de música de los años 2000
Grupos de música formados en 2000
Grupos de música formados en los años 2000

Unformal


DSDP 368 war eine Forschungsbohrung im Rahmen des Deep Sea Drilling Project mit Zielsetzung der geologischen Erkundung der Kapverdenschwelle im östlichen Nordatlantik.

Lagebeschreibung
Die Bohrung wurde im Zeitraum 13. bis 20. März 1975 vom Bohrschiff Glomar Challenger aus vorangetrieben. Auf der Bohrposition 17°30.4'N, 21°21.2'W, rund 200 Kilometer nordöstlich von Sal und 600 Kilometer westlich von Nouakchott, wurde nur ein einziges Loch gebohrt. Der Meeresboden wurde in 3366 Meter Wassertiefe angetroffen. Die Bohrung durchfuhr insgesamt 984,5 Meter an Sedimenten, wovon 327,7 Meter bekernt wurden.

Bis auf zwei reflexionsseismische Profile, aufgenommen im Jahr 1971 vom deutschen Forschungsschiff Meteor und von RV Vema des Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory sowie einer Bohrung (DSDP 141 nördlich der Schwelle), war bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt nur recht wenig über den geologischen Aufbau der zentralen Kapverdenschwelle bekannt.

Die Kapverdenschwelle stellt eine der bedeutendsten Schwellenregionen des Atlantiks dar. Vom westafrikanischen Kontinentalhang ausgehend erstreckt sie sich bei einer Breite von rund 900 Kilometer bis zum Westrand der Kapverden. Nordöstlich des Inselarchipels bildet sie eine sanft gewölbte, in etwa Ostnordost-streichende, domartige Struktur mit einer minimalen Wassertiefe von 2950 Meter. Die Schwelle lässt sich auch noch westlich der Kapverden in Richtung des Mittelatlantischen Rückens weiterverfolgen, sie liegt aber hier mit mehr als 4000 Meter Wassertiefe wesentlich tiefer. Sie trennt das Kanarische Becken im Norden vom Kapverdischen Becken im Süden.

Erbohrte Stratigraphie
Die Auswertung der Bohrkerne ergab ein stratigraphisches Profil, in dem sich folgende Einheiten unterscheiden lassen (von jung nach alt):

Die unter den Schwarzschiefern zu erwartenden unterkretazischen Kalke, die beispielsweise in der Nachbarbohrung DSDP 367 und auf Maio aufgeschlossen sind, konnten nicht angetroffen werden.

Interpretation der sedimentologischen Befunde

Wie auf dem Meteor-Profil bereits zu erkennen, wurden auf den rund 1000 erbohrten Metern ausschließlich flach liegende, tektonisch ungestörte, hemipelagische Sedimentlagen angetroffen. Überraschend war jedoch das völlige Ausbleiben kalkiger Sedimentation ab rund 250 Meter Bohrtiefe. Stattdessen wurden kalklose Turbidite kontinentalen Ursprungs angetroffen (Untereinheit 2a und 2c). Selbst Untereinheit 1b ist ebenfalls turbiditisch beeinflusst, wenn auch nur feinklastisch (distal). Die Turbiditsedimentation lieferte durchschnittlich 8 Zyklen pro Meter.

Bemerkenswert sind auch die drei miozänen Aschenlagen der Untereinheit 1b, die in etwa zeitgleich mit dem auf den Kapverdischen Inseln einsetzenden neogenen Vulkanismus geschüttet wurden. Die wesentlich tiefer in die Schwarzschiefer der Untereinheit 3 eingedrungenen basaltischen Lagergänge stehen im gleichen, kogenetischen Zusammenhang; sie konnten auf 19,1 Millionen Jahre BP datiert werden (Untermiozän, Burdigalium). Die miozänen vulkanischen Aktivitäten in der Nähe Dakars im Senegal sind in diesem Kontext ebenfalls mit zu berücksichtigen.

Eine Erklärung der zwischen die Turbidite geschalteten Untereinheit 2b ist problematisch, da ihre rot-grüne Wechsellagerung nicht mit klastischen Korngrössenänderungen oder Lösungsvorgängen zu erklären ist. Es dürfte sich hierbei wahrscheinlich um fluktuierende Redoxverhältnisse im Sediment handeln.

Die Schwarzschiefer sind sehr reich an organischem Kohlenstoff, sie enthalten bis zu 11,7 % C; gleichzeitig weisen sie ein sehr hohes C/N-Verhältnis von 74 auf, womöglich bedingt durch Aufheizeffekte der Lagergangintrusionen. Die Schiefer wurden in einem tiefen Becken unterhalb der Kalzitkompensationstiefe (CCD) abgelagert, jedoch nicht vollkommen anoxisch, wie benthische Wühlspuren im Sediment belegen.

Für das Ausbleiben der Karbonatsedimentation inklusive kalkhaltiger Mikrofossilien unterhalb von 250 Meter Tiefe gibt es mehrere Erklärungen:

 eine geringe, primäre Kalkbildungsrate.
 chemische Lösungsvorgänge an der Grenzschicht Sediment/Meeresboden.
 diagenetische Lösungsvorgänge

Bei DSDP 140 im Kanarischen Becken wurden übrigens ähnliche Verhältnisse vorgefunden, auch hier nimmt der Kalkgehalt ab dem Obermiozän zum Hangenden drastisch zu. Für das Kanarische Becken konnten eindeutig extensive Lösungsvorgänge für das Kalkdefizit während des Mittelmiozäns bis Paläogens verantwortlich gemacht werden.

Der gute Erhaltungszustand von kalkhaltigen Mikrofossilien im oberen Abschnitt der Bohrung (Sedimente des Obermiozäns bis Holozäns) hingegen legt nahe, dass sich die CCD entweder vertiefte oder dass die Kapverdenschwelle über die bestehende CCD herausgehoben wurde.

Fossilinhalt
In den Bohrkernen wurden neben benthischen und planktonischen Foraminiferen, kalkhaltigem Nannoplankton (Coccolithen), Radiolarien und Diatomeen auch Schwammnadeln und gelegentliche Fischreste angetroffen.

Foraminiferen
Planktonische Foraminiferen sind sehr häufig auf den ersten 200 Metern. Folgende Foraminiferenzonen konnten ausgeschieden werden (von jung nach alt):

 N 22 – Holozän und Pleistozän: Globorotalia fimbriata, Globorotalia truncatolinoides, Globorotalia crassaformis viola.
 N 19 – Pliozän (Zancleum): Globorotalia margaritae evoluta, Globorotalia margaritae margaritae.
 N 17 – Miozän (Messinium/Tortonium): Globorotalia plesiotumida, Globorotalia acostaensis.
 N 15 – Miozän (Tortonium): Globorotalia continuosa.
 N 14 – Miozän (Tortonium): Globorotalia nepenthes.

Unterhalb 200 Meter Bohrtiefe wurden planktonische Foraminiferen nur noch vereinzelt vorgefunden, agglutinierte benthische Formen traten etwas häufiger auf. Die angetroffenen Taxa geben ein tief marines Ablagerungsmilieu zu erkennen, das aber noch weit oberhalb der CCD lag.

Coccolithen
Coccolithen treten vorwiegend bis 250 Meter Bohrtiefe auf. Folgende Zonen konnten ausgeschieden werden:

 NN 21 und NN 20 – Holozän und Pleistozän: Emiliana huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica.
 NN 19 – Pleistozän: Pseudomiliania lacunosa.
 NN 11 – Miozän (Messinium): Discoaster quinqueramus.
 NN 9 – Miozän (Tortonium): Discoaster hamatus.
 NN 5 – Miozän (Langhium): Sphenolithus heteromorphus.

Radiolarien
Nennenswerte Radiolarienfunde wurden nur im Oberen Pleistozän, im Unteren Miozän und im Unteren Eozän gemacht:

 RN 17/RN 15 – Oberes Pleistozän: Axoprunum angelinum, Eucyrtidium calvertense, Lamprocyrtis hannai, Lamprocyclas maritalis maritalis, Lamprocyclas haysi, Pterocanium trilobum und Ommatartus tetrathalamus.
 RN 4 – Burdigalium: Calocycletta costata.
 RN 3 – Burdigalium: Stichocorys wolffii.
 Unteres Eozän: Phormocyrtis striata striata.
Wahrscheinlich dem Paläozän zuzuordnen sind noch Buryella clinata und Bekoma bidartensis.

Geologische Entwicklung

Anhand der Bohrung, den beiden rexlexionsseismischen Profilen und den Aufschlussverhältnissen auf den Kapverden kann die geologische Entwicklung für die Kapverdenschwelle rekonstruiert werden:

Im Bereich der Bohrung wird die Schwellenregion von rund 149 bis 145 Millionen Jahre BP alter ozeanischer Kruste unterlagert (Kissenlaven des Tithoniums). Darüber legten sich dann ab dem Valanginium pelagische Kalke. Die sich ab dem Albium anschließenden Schwarzschiefer (Untereinheit 3) sind tief marinen Ursprungs; sie wurden in ihrem obersten Abschnitt von der Bohrung angefahren. Im Zeitraum Oberkreide bis einschließlich Aquitanium folgte eine rund 600 Meter mächtige Turbiditsequenz (Untereinheit 2). In Untereinheit 1b kam es dann zu drastischen Änderungen. Die Turbiditsedimentation wich allmählich einer 200 Meter mächtigen, kalkbetonten Sedimentation (Mergel und Kalkschlämme der Untereinheit 1). In etwa gleichzeitig setzte im Burdigal basaltischer Vulkanismus ein, der für das Aufbeulen und Anheben der Schwellenregion letztendlich verantwortlich sein dürfte. Lagergänge drangen in die oberen Schwarzschiefer ein und Aschenlagen finden sich in Untereinheit 1b. Zahlreiche, diapirartig eindringende Vulkanite (engl. volcanic plugs) sind auf dem benachbarten Vema-Profil zu erkennen.

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Geschichte (Atlantischer Ozean)
Geologische Bohrung
Tiefseebohrung

DSDP 368


Los minerales constituyentes de una roca son aquellos que típicamente o solamente forman parte intrínseca de rocas ígneas, metamórficas o sedimentrias. Los minerales constituyentes pueden contrastarse con minerales más raros y también aquellos que se forman por procesos inusuales como los minerales de vetas y las menas.

Referencias

Mineralogía
Petrología

Minerales constituyentes


Non-vascular plants are plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. Instead, they may possess simpler tissues that have specialized functions for the internal transport of water.

Non-vascular plants include two distantly related groups:
 Bryophytes, an informal group that taxonomists  treat as three separate land-plant divisions, namely: Bryophyta (mosses), Marchantiophyta (liverworts), and Anthocerotophyta (hornworts). In all bryophytes, the primary plants are the haploid gametophytes, with the only diploid portion being the attached sporophyte, consisting of a stalk and sporangium. Because these plants lack lignified water-conducting tissues, they cannot become as tall as most vascular plants.
 Algae, especially green algae. The algae consist of several unrelated groups. Only the groups included in the Viridiplantae are still considered relatives of land plants.

These groups are sometimes called "lower plants", referring to their status as the earliest plant groups to evolve, but the usage is imprecise since both groups are polyphyletic and may be used to include vascular cryptogams, such as the ferns and fern allies that reproduce using spores. Non-vascular plants are often among the first species to move into new and inhospitable territories, along with prokaryotes and protists, and thus function as pioneer species.

Non-vascular plants do not have a wide variety of specialized tissue types. Mosses and leafy liverworts have structures called phyllids that resemble leaves, but only consist of single sheets of cells with no internal air spaces, no cuticle or stomata, and no xylem or phloem. Consequently, phyllids are unable to control the rate of water loss from their tissues and are said to be poikilohydric. Some liverworts, such as Marchantia, have a cuticle, and the sporophytes of mosses have both cuticles and stomata, which were important in the evolution of land plants.

All land plants have a life cycle with an alternation of generations between a diploid sporophyte and a haploid gametophyte, but in all non-vascular land plants, gametophyte generation is dominant. In these plants, the sporophytes grow from and are dependent on gametophytes for taking in water and mineral nutrients and for provision of photosynthate, the products of photosynthesis.

References

Plants

Non-vascular plant


رينيه فيفياني  سياسي فرنسي (8 نوفمبر 1863-7 سبتمبر 1925) تولى رئاسة الوزارة في الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة من 13 يونيو 1914 إلى 29 أكتوبر 1915.

تولى رئاسة الوزارة في جو من السلام، لكن بعد خمسة عشر يوماً فقط من توليه رئاسة الحكومة، وقع حادث اغتيال الأرشيدوق النمساوي فرانز فرديناند في 28 يونيو 1914، مما أدى إلى تدهور سريع في العلاقات الدولية الأوروبية أدى إلى إعلان الإمبراطورية الألمانية الحرب على روسيا، وفرنسا في بداية أغسطس 1914، ومن ثم كان لزاماً على فيفياني إدارة الصراع في السنة الأولى من الحرب.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص من الاحتلال الفرنسي للجزائر
أشخاص من الإمبراطورية الألمانية
أشخاص من سيدي بلعباس
أعلام أقدام سوداء
رؤساء وزراء فرنسا
زعماء الحرب العالمية الأولى
سياسيون فرنسيون
فرنسيون في الحرب العالمية الأولى
فرنسيون من أصل إيطالي
مواليد 1863
مواليد في سيدي بلعباس
وفيات 1925

رينيه فيفياني


نيناد ستويكوفيتش، من مواليد 26 مايو 1956، لاعب كرة قدم يوغسلافي سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم صربي.

لعب مع منتخب يوغسلافيا لكرة القدم.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب نيناد ستويكوفيتش خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 6 أندية في ثمانية عشر موسمًا وسجل خلالها 21 هدفًا ضمن 509 مباراة. حيث فاز في موسم واحد بالكأس وفي ثلاثة مواسم بالدوري.

خاض نيناد ستويكوفيتش مسيرته مع نادي بارتيزان في موسم 1974–75 ليلعب معه عشرة مواسم، مشاركًا في 245 مباراة سجل خلالها 8 أهداف. ثم انتقل إلى نادي موناكو في موسم 1984–85 ولمدة موسمين، حيث شارك في 69 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي مونبلييه في موسم 1986–87 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 70 مباراة سجل خلالها 7 أهداف. ثم انتقل إلى نادي ميلوز في موسم 1988–89 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 66 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا. هذا وانتقل لاحقًا إلى نادي إي أس نانسي في موسم 1990–91 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 37 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين. ثم انتقل بعدها إلى نادي أميين في موسم 1991–92 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 22 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفًا واحدًا.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية صرب
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في موناكو
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية يوغوسلافيون مغتربون
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بريزرن
رياضيون من بريزرن
رياضيون يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في فرنسا
رياضيون يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في موناكو
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري اليوغوسلافي الأول
لاعبو أميين
لاعبو بارتيزان بلغراد
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1984
لاعبو كأس العالم 1982
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية يوغوسلافيون
لاعبو كرة قدم صرب مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في موناكو
لاعبو كرة قدم يوغوسلاف مغتربون
ستويكوفيتش
لاعبو منتخب يوغوسلافيا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب يوغوسلافيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو مولهاوس
لاعبو موناكو
لاعبو مونبلييه
لاعبو نانسي
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
مدربو كرة قدم صرب
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
مدربو نادي كان
مواليد 1956
مواليد في بريزرن
يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في فرنسا
يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في موناكو

نيناد ستويكوفيتش


L'Académie de chevalerie (à l'origine école de chevalerie , puis collège de chevalerie) est une école fondée en 1704, qui est affiliée à la cathédrale de Brandebourg. Le  et l'école primaire évangélique de Brandebourg s'inscrivent dans la tradition de l'Académie de chevalerie. L'ancienne école est utilisée par l'école primaire. Le bâtiment est classé.

Histoire
En 1704, le chapitre de la cathédrale de Brandebourg fonde l'école de chevalerie avec l'approbation du roi Frédéric  de Prusse. Le 26 janvier 1705, les cours commencent à l'école de la cour de la cathédrale. Depuis 1717, son nom est Collège de chevalerie. Le but de l'école est la formation de l'aristocratie brandebourgeoise et poméranienne. Par exemple, les langues étrangères comme le français et les sciences naturelles sont enseignées. Cependant, l'accent est mis sur les études juridiques et politiques.

L'école acquiert une grande importance après que le roi Frédéric-Guillaume  a décrété, le 8 juin 1729, que quiconque souhaitant obtenir un emploi dans la fonction publique prussienne doit avoir étudié dans une telle école pendant au moins deux ans. Avec l'introduction des diplômes d'études secondaires en 1788, un emploi du temps fixe est également introduit dans l'école. Depuis 1803, le nom de l'école est .

Au cours de la réforme de l'école prussienne, l'Académie de chevalerie devient un lycée en 1809. Pendant les guerres napoléoniennes, l'école perd de nombreux diplômés et est transformée en hôpital. Après la reprise des cours, l'école connaît à nouveau des problèmes en raison de l'absence de jeunes nobles, qui fréquentent désormais également les lycées de la ville. À partir de 1842, les élèves des classes moyennes sont donc également admis après que le gouvernement prussien l'ait rendue obligatoire un an plus tôt.

Dans les années 1848/49 et surtout lorsque l'Assemblée nationale prussienne se réunit dans la cathédrale de Brandebourg, l'Académie de chevalerie doit être protégée par l'armée. Encore une fois, les diplômés sont restés à l'écart, de sorte qu'il est finalement dissous en 1849. Le roi , qui est particulièrement lié à Brandebourg-sur-la-Havel, ordonne la refondation le 30 avril 1855. Un an plus tard, le 21 octobre, l'académie de chevalerie peut rouvrir ses portes en présence du roi.

Le bâtiment est reconstruit entre 1868 et 1871 après que le nombre de diplômés a à nouveau fortement augmenté. Le 23 février 1901, l'association des anciens élèves de l'académie de chevalerie est fondée.

En 1937, les plus hautes autorités de l'État, dirigées par le nouveau haut président et Gauleiter Emil Stürtz, décident de dissoudre l'Académie de chevalerie. Seul l'internat doit subsister grâce aux initiatives du conservateur sortant . Les étudiants sont affectés à ce qui était alors le . En 1948, il est décidé d'instituer le chapitre de la cathédrale comme successeur légal de l'académie de chevalerie. Cependant, l'école n'est jamais officiellement dissoute. Dans les années qui suivirent, un lycée emménage dans les locaux de l'école, qu'il utilise jusqu'en 1974.

Aujourd'hui, il y a des parties d'une école primaire protestante dans le bâtiment. En outre, la tradition de l'académie de chevalerie se poursuit dans un lycée protestant de la cathédrale nouvellement fondé. Le 11 juin 2005, on fête le 300e anniversaire de la fondation de la  l'Académie de chevalerie. Parmi les invités figurent, par exemple, le prince Georges-Frédéric de Prusse, chef de la maison de Hohenzollern, et l'ancien diplômé Otto Graf Lambsdorff.

Étudiants (sélection)
 Léopold d'Anhalt-Köthen (1694-1728), prince d'Anhalt-Köthen et parrain de Jean-Sébastien Bach
 Hans Friedrich von Rochow (1698-1787), général
  (1715-1769), conseiller privé et héritier de Plaue
  (1720-1793), ancien de l'État et propriétaire terrien
 Karl Abraham von Zedlitz (1731-1793), ministre prussien de l'Éducation et de la Justice
 Friedrich Eberhard von Rochow (1734-1805), propriétaire terrien et éducateur prussien
 Friedrich Wilhelm Carl von Schmettau (1743-1806), lieutenant général prussien, topographe et cartographe
 Friedrich von Schuckmann (1755-1834), ministre d'État prussien, ministre de l'Intérieur et membre du Conseil d'État prussien
 Heinrich von der Schulenburg (1766-1830), chancelier en chef directeur, véritable conseil secret, chanoine puis doyen de la cathédrale de Brandebourg, 1803 à 1828 premier conservateur de l'académie
  (1769-1848), organiste, compositeur, professeur de musique et écrivain
  (1788-1856), officier et propriétaire terrien prussien
  (1814-1879), propriétaire terrien et membre de la chambre des seigneurs de Prusse
 Friedrich Wilhelm Kritzinger (1816-1890), théologien et éducateur
 Comte  (1821-1892), vice-chef maître de cérémonie et propriétaire terrien
 Gebhard-Nicolas d'Alvensleben (1824-1909), chef forestier et député de la chambre des seigneurs de Prusse
  (Hans Wilhelm von Rochow ; 1824-1891), propriétaire terrien et homme politique, chanoine de Brandebourg et conservateur de l'Académie
 Frédéric-Joachim d'Alvensleben (1833-1912), administrateur de l'arrondissement de Neuhaldensleben
 Gottlieb von Haeseler (1836-1919), maréchal général
 Wilhelm von Minnigerode (1840-1913), député du Reichstag et chef du parti conservateur
  (1848-1928), membre de la chambre des seigneurs de Prusse
  (1852-1923), député d'arrondissement et homme politique prussien
 Elard von Oldenburg-Januschau (1855-1937), grand agraire, lobbyiste et député du Reichstag
 Friedrich Wilhelm von Loebell (1855-1931), homme politique allemand
 Gottlieb von Jagow (1863-1935), diplomate et homme politique allemand
  (1864-1930), chirurgien
  (1864-1926) comme hospice, banquier
  (1866-1936), docteur et chercheur en préhistoire et en histoire ancienne
 Detlev von Arnim-Kröchlendorff (1878-1947), propriétaire terrien, député du Reichstag, dirigeant de l'église
 Udo d'Alvensleben (1897-1962), historien de l'art
  (1897-1945), officier et chimiste
  (1898-1945), propriétaire terrien, officier, conseiller, chanoine de Brandebourg, dernier conservateur de l'Académie de 1937 à 1944
  (1899-1975), diplomate
 Eckart Kehr (1902-1933), historien
  (1902-1982), fermier et officier allemand
  (1907-2000), représentant allemand du service de presse et d'information du Conseil de l'Europe
  (né en 1925), agronome, professeur à l'université technique de Berlin.
 Otto Graf Lambsdorff (1926-2009), ministre allemand de l'Économie

Enseignants (sélection)
  (1668-1710), orientaliste, directeur de 1708 à 1710
  (1813-1883); philologue, directeur des années 1850 jusqu'en 1860 au moins
  (1825-1890) ; philologue classique, professeur principal 1863-1867
  (1832-1906), directeur de l'école à partir du 15 octobre 1883

Bibliographie
 Programm der Ritter-Akademie zu Brandenburg 1845–1847. (Digitalisat)
 Bericht : über d. Schuljahr von Ostern ... bis Ostern ..., 1875–1924, (Digitalisat)
 Zu der am ... im Festsaale der Ritter-Akademie stattfindenden Feier des Allerhöchsten Geburtstages Seiner Majestät des Königs ladet ... ein. 1857–1884, (Digitalisat)
 Die Ritterakademie auf dem Dom zu Brandenburg (Havel), 13 p. zzgl. Bildmotive, Wiesikedruck, Brandenburg (Havel), 1922, zugeschr. http://d-nb.info/gnd/1019058439
 Verein ehemaliger Zöglinge der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg a. d. Havel, Bericht über das Geschäftsjahr 1923, 24 p., im Auftrag, Werner von Klitzing, Charlottenhof, Ostbahn, 1924
 Die Ritterakademie auf dem Dom zu Brandenburg (Havel), 1705-1938, 24 p. Wiesikedruck, Brandenburg (Havel), 1938, http://d-nb.info/1002577993, identisch: Die Ritterakademie : Mitteilungsblatt des Vereins Ehemaliger Zöglinge der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg an der Havel 1.1925–20.1944 https://zdb-katalog.de/title.xhtml?idn=1002577993
 Festschrift aus Anlaß des 250jährigen Gründungstages der Ritterakademie auf dem Dom zu Brandenburg an der Havel, 29. Juni 1705, 29. Juni 1955, Hrsg. Otto Graf Lambsdorff, 40 p., Selbstverlag, Cologne, 1955, https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&query=Festschrift+aus+Anla%C3%9F+des+250j%C3%A4hrigen+Gr%C3%BCndungstages+Ritterakademie
 Der Kurier : 291 Jahre nach Gründung der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg; Mitteilungsblatt des Vereins Ehemaliger Zöglinge der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg an der Havel, https://ld.zdb-services.de/resource/1427101-1
 Die Zöglinge der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg a.H. 1705–1913. Hrsg. Walter von Leers, Selbstverlag des Vereins der ehemaligen Zöglinge der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg a. H.; Ludwigslust 1913, http://resolver.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/SBB000262C000010000
 Die Zöglinge der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg a.H. 1913–1929, zusammengestellt durch Walter von Leers; Selbstverlag des Vereins ehemaliger Zöglinge der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg a.H.; Ludwigslust 1929
 Die Zöglinge der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg a.H. 1914–1945, Zweite Fortsetzung und Ergänzung 1914 1945, zusammengestellt durch Siegfried von Boehn und Wolfgang von Loebell; Selbstverlag des Vereins ehemaliger Zöglinge der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg a. H., Cologne, 1969/ 1970, http://dn-b.info/720252679
 Die Zöglinge der Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg a.H. mit herausragenden Leistungen im Beruf / zsgest. von Matthias Graf v. der Schulenburg, 114 p., ZIPS, Berlin 2009, http://d-nb.info/99543896X
 Die Ritterakademie zu Brandenburg, Albrecht von dem Bussche, Lang, Francfort-sur-le-Main, Berne, New York, Paris, 1989, kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu; http://d-nb.info/891289291
 Domstiftsarchiv Brandenburg, Findbuch zum Bestand RITTERAKADEMIE BRANDENBURG 1704–1957, gedruckt in: Berichte und Forschungen aus dem Domstift Brandenburg 4 (2011), p. 101–148, https://www.dom-brandenburg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/archiv/findbuecher/Findbuch_Ritterakademie.pdf

Liens externes

 Élèves de la Knight Academy 1705-1913
 http://www.denkmalprojekt.org/2013/brandenburg-ad-havel_ritterakademie_1715-1871_wk1_wk2_brb.html

Références

Enseignement dans le royaume de Prusse
Brandebourg-sur-la-Havel

Académie de chevalerie de Brandebourg-sur-la-Havel


Spray the day er en film instrueret af Mira Kellerman, Peter Helles Eriksen.

Handling
Den danske graffitimaler `Elsam' er blevet rigtigt træt af at male graffiti. Han har flere graffiti-domme bag sig, og han har fået nok af de andre malere i miljøet, der snakker `lort' om hin'aden. Efter en lang nat, hvor `Elsam' har været tæt på at blive anholdt af politiet, beslutter hans sig for at droppe livet som graffitimaler og smider alle sine spraydåser ud. Men i bunden af kassen med dåser opdager han en magisk bog, der er fuld levende billeder, og han stifter han bekendtskab med et graffiti-crew fra Kenya, der kalder sig for `Spray Uzi'. Da graffitimaleren `Elsam' har læst den magiske bog med `Spray Uzi', beslutter han sig for at tage til Kenya for at se Nairobi og `Spray Uzi' med egne øjne.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2011
Oplysningsfilm fra Danmark

Spray the day


Santa Giusta (sardisk: Santa Jùsta) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Oristano i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 10 meters højde og har 4.818 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 69,22 km² og grænser til kommunerne Ales, Arborea, Marrubiu, Morgongiori, Oristano, Palmas Arborea og Pau.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Oristano

Santa Giusta


Ignacio Gracia Arregui (* 30. November 1955 in Rentería, Baskenland, Spanien) ist ein unter dem Kampfnamen Iñaki de Rentería bekannter Führer der marxistisch-leninistischen separatistischen baskischen Untergrundbewegung Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (ETA) in Spanien.

Leben
Gracia Arregui trat als Heranwachsender während der Diktatur von Francisco Franco der ETA  zur Beendigung der von Franco initiierten Unterdrückung der baskischen Kultur bei und nahm in der Folgezeit den Kampfnamen Iñaki de Rentería an. Nach dem Amtsantritt der zivilen Regierung von Ministerpräsident Adolfo Suárez und der von dieser garantierten Amnestie beendete er 1977 seine Untergrundkämpfe, nahm diese aber bald wieder auf.

In der Folgezeit erhielt er eine Ausbildung im Guerillakampf in Algerien und wurde 1980 einer der militärischen Führer der ETA. 1981 sowie 1982 wurde er in Spanien wegen Bagatelldelikten festgenommen, aber beide Male kurz darauf wieder freigelassen. Nachdem er seit 1987 illegal in Frankreich lebte, wurde er wahrscheinlich 1992 Oberster Führer der ETA nachdem es nach der Verhaftung von 24 mutmaßlichen ETA-Führern in der südfranzösischen baskischen Stadt Bidart zu einem Machtvakuum in der Organisation gekommen war.

1995 soll er einen Attentatsversuch auf König Juan Carlos I. angeordnet haben. Seine Autorität als Chef der militärischen Operationen der ETA soll nach Ansicht von ETA-Experten zu der Zeit nur von dem mutmaßlichen Chefideologen der Organisation, Mikel Antza, in Frage gestellt worden sein.

Im Februar 2000 wurde er von einem Gericht in Frankreich in Abwesenheit wegen Verschwörung, Waffenbesitz und Urkundenfälschung zu einer Freiheitsstrafe von sechs Jahren verurteilt. Im September 2000 wurde er in seiner Wohnung in Bidart ebenfalls festgenommen, nur zwei Tage, nachdem 20 andere mutmaßliche ETA-Führer in einer großangelegten Polizeiaktion verhaftet wurden. Nach weiteren Verurteilungen befand er sich bis 2008 in Frankreich in Haft und nach seiner anschließenden Auslieferung noch bis 2010 in Spanien.

Im Mai 2011 wurde er auf Anordnung des Obersten Gerichtshofs Spaniens erneut festgenommen. Er wird beschuldigt, 1996 den Gefängnisbeamten José Antonio Ortega Lara entführt zu haben. Ortega Lara befand sich 532 Tage in den Händen seiner Entführer, der damit längsten Entführung in der Geschichte der ETA.

Weblinks
 rulers.org

Einzelnachweise

Mitglied der Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
Spanier
Geboren 1955
Mann

Ignacio Gracia Arregui