Banu ( bânu), also spelled Bano, is a Kurdish Persian name for girls popular in Iran and other Kurdish and Persian-speaking countries. It is also used in Turkey, Pakistan Bangladesh, Azerbaijan, India and Sri Lanka. It means "grand lady", "princess" or "queen" in Persian.

A very different word "Bhanu", meaning "Sun" in Sanskrit. The word is often simplified to "Banu" in certain pronunciations of the word in several Indian languages, notably in Tamil and Telugu.

Notable people with the name Banu or Bano include the following:

Given name
Nurbanu Sultan, wife of Ottoman Sultan Selim II
Banu Alkan (born 1958), Turkish-Croatian actress
Banu Avar (born 1955), Turkish author, journalist, news anchor, and political commentator
Banu Bargu, professor of History of Consciousness and Political Theory at the University of California, Santa Cruz
Aram Banu Begum (1584–1624), Mughal princess, the youngest daughter of Emperor Akbar from his wife Bibi Daulat Shad
Arjumand Banu Begum, Mughal Empress, the chief consort of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan
Bahar Banu Begum (1590–1653), (meaning "The Blooming Lady"), Mughal princess, the daughter of Mughal emperor Jahangir
Bakshi Banu Begum (born 1540), Mughal princess, the second daughter of Emperor Humayun from his wife Gunwar Bibi
Dilras Banu Begum (1622–1657), the first wife and chief consort of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
Hamida Banu Begum (1527–1604), wife of the second Mughal emperor Humayun and the mother of his successor
Hoshmand Banu Begum (born 1605), (meaning "The Prudent Lady"), Mughal princess, the daughter of Prince Khusrau Mirza
Jahanzeb Banu Begum (died 1705), Mughal princess and the chief consort of Muhammad Azam Shah
Nadira Banu Begum (1618–1659), Mughal princess and the wife of Crown prince Dara Shukoh
Parhez Banu Begum (1611–1675), Mughal princess, the first child and eldest daughter of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan from his first wife
Rahmat Banu Begum (born 1656), the first wife of titular Mughal Emperor Muhammad Azam Shah
Sakina Banu Begum (died 1604), Mughal princess, the daughter of Mughal emperor Humayun
Saliha Banu Begum (died 1620), Empress consort of the Mughal Empire as the wife of Emperor Jahangir
Shahar Banu Begum (1663 – ?), Empress consort of the Mughal Empire as the third (and last) wife of Emperor Muhammad Azam Shah
Banu Cennetoğlu, visual artist based in Istanbul
Banu Güven (born 1969), Turkish journalist
Husna Banu Khanam (1922–2006), Bangladeshi educationist, writer and Nazrul singer
Banu Onaral, Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Electrical Engineering at Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Raihan Akhter Banu Roni (born 1952), ex Member of Parliament of Bangladesh, leader of Bangladesh Nationalist Party(BNP)
Hamida Banu Shova, the founder and chairperson of Queens University, Bangladesh
Banu Subramaniam (born 1966), professor of women, gender and sexuality studies at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Meriç Banu Yenal (born 1988), Turkish female basketball player
Banu Parlak, Turkish pop singer
 Banu Chichek, character in the Book of Dede Korkut
 Bano Khalil Ahmed (born 1969), Pakistani politician
 Bano Haralu, Indian journalist and a conservationist
 Bano Qudsia (1928–2017), also known as Bano Aapa, Pakistani novelist, playwright and spiritualist
 Bano Traoré (born 1985), Malian athlete

Surname
Constantin Banu (1873–1940), Romanian writer, journalist, Arts and Religious Affairs Minister in 1922–1923
Farhat Banu, member of the Dhaka Nawab family and member of the Bengal Legislative Assembly in British India
Florentin Banu, businessman from Timișoara
Gheorghe Banu (1889–1957), Romanian hygienist, Health Minister in the Octavian Goga government from December 1937 to March 1938
Grace Banu, Dalit and transgender activist
Gulzar Banu (born 1963), Indian politician and former Mayor of the Mangalore City Corporation, India
Hamida Banu, Indian athlete
Ibn Banu, nominal governor of al-Bahrain for the Abbasid dynasty, serving there in 903
Iksaka Banu (born 1964), Indonesian writer of comics and prose
Leila Arjumand Banu (1929–1995), Bangladeshi singer and social activist
Naseem Banu (1916–2002), Indian film actress
Rahima Banu (born 1972), the last known person to have been infected with naturally occurring Variola major smallpox
Saira Banu (born 1943), Indian film actress and the wife of the film actor Dilip Kumar
Sayeda Motahera Banu, Bangladesh writer and winner of the Independence Day Award in 2001, the highest civilian award in Bangladesh
Selina Banu, Bangladeshi politician, social activist, and feminist
Tharika Banu, the first registered transgender person to complete her secondary education in Tamil Nadu
Arsénio Bano (born 1974), East Timorese politician
Fatima Bano, Indian wrestling coach
Franco Bano (born 1986), Argentinian footballer
Ilir Bano, Albanian politician
Iqbal Bano (1935–2009), Pakistani Ghazal singer
Jeelani Bano (born 1936), Indian Urdu writer
Khursheed Bano (1914–2001), Pakistani singer and actress
Noor Bano (politician), Indian politician
Saira Bano (born 1944), Indian actress
Shah Bano (born c. 1916), Indian feminist
Shamim Bano (1941–1984), Indian Pashtun actress

Arts and entertainment
 Bano (novel), by Pakistani novelist Razia Butt

See also
Bano (disambiguation)
Banu (disambiguation)
Bangu (disambiguation)
Begum
Khatun
Shahbanu

Iranian feminine given names
Turkish feminine given names
Feminine given names
Persian words and phrases
Pakistani feminine given names
Bangladeshi feminine given names

br:Banu

Banu (name)


Vištytis Gölü, (Litvanyaca: Vištyčio ežeras; Almanca: Wystiter See; Rusça: Viştınetskoye ozero, Виштынецкое озеро),

Litvanya ve Rusya arasındaki sınır çizgisinde yer alan bir göldür. II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan önce Almanya-Litvanya arasında da sınır oluşturmuştur. Adını Litvanya'nın kuzeyindeki Vištytis kasabasından alır.

Vištytis Gölü, çoğu Rusya sınırlarında olmak üzere 17.87 km² alana yayılır. Su sınırı Litvanya kıyılarını takip eder. Bu yüzden birçok Litvanya balıkçı gemisi, kazayla da olsa Rusya'nın su sınırlarını geçme yasağını ihlal eder.

Litvanya'daki göller
Rusya'daki göller
Kaliningrad Oblastı
Avrupa'daki uluslararası göller

Vištytis Gölü


نط الحبل رياضة بسيطة تساعد على تشغيل كثير من عضلات الرجلين والبطن والخصر وإكسابها لياقة عالية وحرق الدهون بها. وتتعدد طرق نط الحبل وباختلاف الطريقة تختلف العضلات العاملة وهي رياضة مهمة لكثير من لاعبي الفنون القتالية.

أن وثب الحبل لاقى اهتماماً وعناية متزايدين في العديد من دول العالم، وقد طورت العديد من الشركات هذا النشاط لشدة الإقبال عليه وصنعت الحبال من أوزان مختلفة ومن مواد متينة وقوية وبألوان زاهية وبمقابض مزودة بعداد لحساب عدد مرات دوران الحبل الذي سهل كثيراً حساب عدد مرات التدريب

أن هناك أنواع متعددة من الحبال منها ما هو مصنوع من المطاط ويستخدم في التمرينات البنائية العنيفة، ونوع آخر من خيوط القطن أو الكتان وهو المستخدم عادة في تمرينات الوثب والمرجحة، وتعتبر الحبال من أهم الأدوات التي تستعمل في تمرينات الجرى والحجل والوثب والمرجحات وتساهم بقدر كبير في تحسين عمل الأجهزة الداخلية وخاصة التنفس، وكذلك تعمل على تنمية قوة الوثب عند اللاعبين وترقية عمل القدمين والساقين وزيادة التوافق العضلى العصبى كما تساعد على إتقان الحركات المركبة من الجرى والوثب والحجل.

أن الفضل يرجع إلى «جوتس موتس» و «فريدريش لودفيج يان» في إدخال الحبال ضمن الأدوات اليدوية في التمرينات، إذ قام «جوتس موتس» حوالى عام 1838 بكتابة فصل كامل لبعض التمرينات باستخدام الحبال في كتابه «مقدمة التمرينات الألمانية» ومنذ ذلك الوقت عم استخدام الحبال في التمرينات الغرضية في بعض الرياضات كالملاكمة وألعاب القوى، ولكن لم يتم استخدامه في التمرينات وخاصة في حركات الوثب والمرجحة إلا منذ عام 1920

ويلاحظ من يمارس رياضة نط الحبل بانتظام انها رياضة (بهذه الصفة) تصلح فقط للجسم السليم. وعدم مراعاة النظام عند ممارسة هذه الرياضة، وان الشخص العشوائي الذي يقفز بضع عشرة قفزة سريعة، فانها تتركه مبهور الانفاس ولا يستطيع الاستمرار. بينما مع مراعاة قليل من الصبر والمثابرة، فان أي شخص سليم البنية يستطيع اتقان هذه الرياضة. والتأكد من أن فوائدها تتجاوز مجرد حرق السعرات الحرارية ومنع تراكم الشحوم.

وفضلا عن ذلك فان رياضة نط الحبل يمكن اعتبارها أسهل على الجسم من الهرولة أو الجري لأن الشخص القافز على الحبل لا يكون ملزما برفع قدميه فوق الأرض رفعا كبيرا. كما ان النزول على القدمين معا وفي آن واحد، ومن هذه المسافة القصيرة يهون على الجسم عملية العودة إلى الارتطام بالأرض على قدم واحدة في كل خطوة، ففي هذه الحالة (نط الحبل) يتوزع وقع الهبوط على قدمين لا قدم بمفردها. لا هذا ولا ذاك سهل على شخص مصاب بالفصال العظمي Osteoarlhrits أو اذى غضروفي في الركبة أو الورك أو الظهر.

من ميزات نط الحبل ان هذه الرياضة لا تحتم على أي شخص يريد ممارستها ان ينتسب إلى صف خاص في أحد الاندية الرياضية إذ ان المطلوب من الشخص ان يكون لديه حبل خاص وحذاء للرياضة، وقليل من الحيز، فاذا ما توافرت لديه هذه الشروط فانه يكون قادرا على النط في أي مكان. كما ان الإنسان لا يستطيع الانتقال فورا من طور الاتكاء المريح على الاريكة إلى طور سباق 'الماراثون' فكذلك نط الحبل، يستدعي من الشخص المبتدئ مراعاة الامور التالية:

1 ـالحصول على التجهيزات الصحيحة: حبل وسطي الوزن ذو طول قابل للتقصير والتطويل حسب الطلب، ينتهي بمقبضين (محززين) للامساك القوي.

2 ـ ضرورة التحمية: البدء ببعض الحركات الرياضية البسيطة كالمشي أو المراوحة في المكان، يعقبها شيء من التمطيط.

3 ـ الاهتداء إلى المكان المناسب: البحث عن مكان منبسط، وحبذا لو كان ارضية خشبية.

4 ـ تقليد الحركات اولا قبل البدء بممارسة النط الحقيقي: فينبغي القيام ببعض الحركات (من دون حبل) التي تقلد العملية الفعلية، مثل الاسترخاء الجسماني والقيام بقفزات وهمية، ولابد اولا من مراعاة قصر المدة، 10 ثوان مثلا.

5 ـ عدم تعجل الامور: بمجرد البدء بالقفز، ياخذ النبض بالتسارع لذلك اطل مدة التمرين على دفعات إلى ان يشتد حماسك، بعد الانتهاء لا تقطع نشاطك فجأة، بل قم بالمشي في ارجاء المكان لمدة قصيرة، حتى تتباطأ دقات قلبك تدريجيا.

6 ـ المحافظة على ليونة الجسم: بعد الانتهاء من القفز بالحبل عليك بتدليك جسمك وخاصة ربلة الساقين (بطن الساقين).

القفزة الصحيحة ٭٭

القفزة الصحيحة ليست بالقفزات السريعة وانما عندما نقفز نحافظ على الهدوء واللعب باماكن فارغة واللعب الصحيح تكون بالقفزة الواحدة قفزتين متتاليتين.

فوائد اللعبة
لها فوائد كثيرة وهي

1- نط الحبل لمدة 15 دقيقة (متفرقة) يعادل 30 دقيقة من الجرى وساعة من المشى في كمية السعرات الحرارية التي يتم انقاصها.

2- تعمل علي زيادة معدل ضربات القلب مما يؤدي إلي تحسين الدورة الدموية في الجسم.

3- كلما زادة كثافة التمرين سواء بزيادة وقت الممارسة أو العدد أو السرعة ترتفع اللياقة البدنية.

مراجع

ألعاب المهارة البدنية
ألعاب تقليدية
تمارين رياضية
تمرين هوائي

نط الحبل


Seven Mile est un village américain situé dans le comté de Butler, dans l'Ohio. Selon le recensement de 2010, sa population est de .

Liens externes

Village dans l'Ohio
Comté de Butler (Ohio)

Seven Mile (Ohio)


Westchester is a neighborhood in the City of Los Angeles and the Westside Region of Los Angeles County, California.

It is home to Los Angeles International Airport, Loyola Marymount University, Otis College of Art and Design, and Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnet Schools (formerly Westchester High School).

Geography

The main part of Westchester is bordered by Playa Vista and Culver City on the north, Inglewood and Lennox on the east, Hawthorne on the southeast, Del Aire and El Segundo on the south and Playa del Rey on the west. It includes all of the Los Angeles International Airport. There is also a two-block-wide shoestring district that runs from the intersection of Centinela Avenue and La Cienega Boulevard north to 63rd Street and then east to Overhill Avenue, where it links with the Hyde Park neighborhood.

The main neighborhood's boundary lines are, generally, on the east: north-south on La Cienega Boulevard or the Inglewood city line; on the south: east-west on the city boundary with El Segundo or Imperial Highway; on the west: north-south on Pershing Drive and Westchester Parkway, then roughly north-south on a series of residential streets west of Westchester High School to the Playa Vista neighborhood.

History
Westchester began the 20th century as an agricultural area, growing a wide variety of crops in the dry, farming-friendly climate. The rapid development of the aerospace industry near Mines Field (as the Los Angeles Airport was then known), the move of then Loyola University to the area in 1928, and population growth in Los Angeles as a whole created a demand for housing in the area. Westchester was built with the intention of housing members of the working class. Westchester hosted the cross country part of the eventing equestrian event for the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

In the late 1930s, real estate magnate Fritz Burns and his partner Fred W. Marlow  developed a tract of inexpensive prefabricated single-family homes on the site of a former hog farm at the intersection of Manchester and Sepulveda Boulevards. This community, dubbed "Westchester", grew as the aerospace industry boomed in World War II and afterward. A Los Angeles Times article in 1989 described the development as "a raw suburb", "created willy-nilly in the 1940s".

The area was predominantly residential. When the area had 30,000 residents, it was still lacking a police station, fire station, or hospital. It lacked a barber shop even by 1949.

The 1960s saw the introduction of airliners that could make trans-Pacific flights without refueling, causing a massive increase in air traffic at LAX. When the North Airfield Complex was constructed the increase in noise from jet takeoffs greatly decreased the desirability of the residential areas adjoining LAX. In response, the city of Los Angeles began a program of purchasing and condemning houses from noise-weary homeowners; as a result, a number of streets just north of the airport have been decommissioned, and the homes along those streets demolished. In all, Westchester lost 4,500 homes and 14,000 residents. The 18-hole Westchester golf course became a 15-hole course. In 2007 Los Angeles World Airport (LAWA) proposed another move of the north runway into Westchester; local opposition to LAX expansion (first proposed in the late 1990s) rose.

In February 2010, a NASA panel found that the north runway was safe and should stay as it is. That same month, LAWA broke ground on a $1.5 billion expansion of the Bradley International Terminal.

Home prices rose 25 percent in 2013–14 while most southern California communities were recovering much more slowly. A major factor has been the influx of technology companies (including Hulu, Google, and Snap, Inc.) in Playa Vista as the Silicon Beach phenomenon in west Los Angeles has spread. The community also experienced a boom in home additions or complete rehabilitation of traditional postwar ranch-style houses into larger two-story homes. The Howard Hughes Center was a significant addition to the neighborhood in 2001 next to the San Diego Freeway. Development continued until by 2015 the complex had 1.3 million square feet of office space () in high-rise buildings, 3,200 apartments, and an updated, renovated shopping mall.

Since 2013, The cost of living in Westchester has continued to increase. In April 2017, the median sales price for single-family homes in April was $1.21 million - a 27% increase from a year prior.

Population
A total of 39,480 people lived in Westchester's 10.81 square miles, according to the 2010 U.S. census, and that figure included the uninhabited acreage of the Los Angeles International Airport—resulting in a density of 3,652 people per square mile, among the lowest population densities in the city of Los Angeles but about average for the county. The median age was 35.6, about average for Los Angeles city. The percentage of people from age 19 through 34 was among the county's highest.

In 2010 Non-Hispanic whites made up 61.1% of the population, Blacks 14.2%, Asians 12.0%, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders 0.3%, and others (including two or more races) at 11.9%. Those who identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino (of any race) were 18.2%.

In 2010, the mean family income for the area was $135,026 and the median family income was $106,302, both numbers high for the city. The percentage of families that earned more than $100,000 a year was 53.5%. Renters occupied 48.2% of the housing units, and homeowners occupied the rest. The average household size was 2.3 people, considered low for the city and county. The percentages of divorced men (8.6%) and divorced women (11.9%) were among the county's highest.

The 2000 census counted 3,055 military veterans, 9.2% of the population, considered a high percentage for the city of Los Angeles but about average for the county.

German and Irish were the most common ancestries according to the 2000 census. Mexico and the Philippines were the most common foreign places of birth.

Government and infrastructure

Local government
Los Angeles Fire Department Station 5 is in Westchester.

Los Angeles Police Department operates the Pacific Community Police Station at 12312 Culver Boulevard, 90066, serving the neighborhood.

Los Angeles Public Library operates the Westchester-Loyola Village Library, at 7114 W. Manchester Avenue, 90045, as a community library offering free online access, programming and information for all ages.

Los Angeles World Airports has its headquarters on the property of Los Angeles International Airport.

The Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation  operates the West Los Angeles District Refuse Collection Yard, at 2027 Stoner Avenue, 90025, which provides residential refuse collection to Westchester for all residences four units and under.

County, federal, and state representation
The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services SPA 5 West Area Health Office serves Westchester.

The United States Postal Service Westchester Post Office is located at 7381 La Tijera Boulevard.  The United States Postal Service Airport Station is located at 8821 Aviation Boulevard, Los Angeles 90009-9997.

Education
About 51.7% of Westchester's residents had completed a bachelor's degree or higher by 2010, a high figure when compared with the city and the county at large. The percentage of the residents who held a master's degree or a doctorate was also high for the county.

Schools

Postsecondary
 Loyola Marymount University, 1 LMU Drive
 Otis College of Art and Design, 9045 Lincoln Boulevard
 Pepperdine University West Los Angeles Campus, 6100 Center Drive

Secondary and elementary
The schools within Westchester's boundaries are:
 Westchester Enriched Sciences Magnet Schools, LAUSD secondary, 7400 West Manchester Avenue
 Permanently closed: The Incubator School, LAUSD, 7400 West Manchester Avenue
 Westchester-Emerson Community Adult School, LAUSD, 8810 Emerson Avenue
 WISH Academy High School 9-12, 7400 W Manchester Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90045 ()
 Bright Star Secondary Charter Academy, 5431 West 98th Street
 Permanently closed: Carousel, private K–12 special education, 7899 La Tijera Boulevard
Middle
 Orville Wright Middle School, 6550 West 80th Street
 Katherine Johnson STEM Academy, 8701 Park Hill Dr. Los Angeles, CA 90045 ()
 WISH Community School 6-8, 7400 W Manchester Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90045 ()

Elementary
 Cowan Avenue Elementary School, LAUSD, 7615 Cowan Avenue
 Kentwood Elementary School, LAUSD, 8401 Emerson Street
 Loyola Village Elementary School, LAUSD, 8821 Villanova Avenue
 Open Magnet Charter Elementary School, LAUSD, 5540 West 77th Street
 St. Anastasia Elementary School, private, 8631 South Stanmoor Drive
 St. Jerome Elementary School, private, 5580 Thornburn Street
 Visitation Elementary School, private, 8740 South Emerson Avenue
 Westchester Lutheran School, private, 7831 Sepulveda Boulevard
 Westport Heights Elementary School, LAUSD, 6011 West 79th Street
 WISH Charter Elementary School, 6550 W 80th St, Los Angeles, CA 90045 (at Orville Wright Middle School)

As of 2014 the Wiseburn School District allows parents in Westchester to send their children to Wiseburn schools on inter-district transfers.

Parks and recreation
The Westchester Recreation Center is in Westchester. The center includes an auditorium, barbecue pits, a lighted baseball diamond, lighted outdoor basketball courts, two indoor basketball courts, a children's play area, a community room, a lighted football field, an indoor gymnasium without weights, picnic tables, a lighted soccer field, and lighted tennis courts. The Westchester Pool, on the recreation center site, is an outdoor heated seasonal pool renovated in 2010. The Westchester Tennis Courts in the recreation center consist of ten lighted courts. A skate park is also located in the recreation center. The Westchester Golf Course is located just east of the recreation center.

The Westchester Senior Citizen Center has a 200-person auditorium, barbecue pits, a 20-person community room, a garden, a kitchen, picnic tables, and a stage. The  Carl E. Nielsen Youth Park is located in Westchester. In 1991, Los Angeles World Airports planned to pave over the park and use the lot as parking spaces and leased space to rental car companies. During that year, LAWA decided to keep the park open.

Architecture

Pann's restaurant, at 6710 La Tijera Boulevard, is "probably the best-preserved example" of the Googie-style architecture developed by Eldon Davis. Pann's includes an angular edifice and large plate-glass windows and has been described as having "the classic coffee shop architecture".
Pann's was featured in a story in the Los Angeles Times, "Going on a hunt for Googie architecture", which noted the restaurant's tilted roof and sign, tropical plants and exposed stone walls indoors and out, and glass windows wrapping around the restaurant. Pann's celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008.

The Theme Building is a structure at the Los Angeles International Airport which opened in 1961 and is another example of Googie architecture. It was said that the distinctive white building resembles a flying saucer that had landed on its four legs. The Los Angeles City Council designated the building a cultural and historical monument (no.570) in 1993.

Notable people
 Lynette "Squeaky" Fromme
 Phil Hartman, actor, comedian, screenwriter and graphic artist
 Susanne Marsee, opera singer
 Pat Russell, politician
 Danny Sugerman, music manager
 The Turtles, 1960s rock band; 4 members attended Westchester High School.
 Suicidal Tendencies, crossover thrash band from Venice; at least two of their former members were born and raised in Westchester.

See also

 Centinela Adobe
 List of districts and neighborhoods in Los Angeles

References

External links

 Westchester/Playa Neighborhood Council

Neighborhoods in Los Angeles
Westside (Los Angeles County)
Venues of the 1932 Summer Olympics
Olympic equestrian venues

Westchester, Los Angeles


An Ornithidium quitense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Ornithidium quitense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Ornithidium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Ornithidium

Ornithidium quitense


Um cientista marciano ou pesquisador marciano é um marciano hipotético freqüentemente usado em experimentos mentais como um observador externo das condições da Terra. A variedade mais comum é o antropólogo marciano, mas marcianos pesquisando assuntos como filosofia, linguística e biologia também foram suscitados.

O seguinte trecho do texto de Richard Dawkins é mais ou menos típico.

 Um taxonomista marciano que não sabia que todas as raças humanas se cruzam alegremente umas com as outras, e não sabia que a maior parte da variação genética subjacente em nossa espécie é compartilhada por todas as raças, pode ser tentado por nossas diferenças regionais na cor da pele, características do rosto, cabelo, tamanho do corpo e proporções para nos dividir em mais de uma espécie.

Na linguística estruturalista dos Estados Unidos, a abordagem marciana é recomendada para a descrição da linguagem:

 O analista descritivo deve ser guiado por certos princípios muito fixos se quiser ser objetivo ao descrever com precisão qualquer linguagem ou parte de qualquer linguagem. Seria excelente se ele pudesse adotar uma atitude completamente de homem de Marte em relação a qualquer linguagem que analisasse e descrevesse.

O antropólogo hipotético  marciano é descrito nos escritos de Noam Chomsky como alguém que, ao estudar as línguas do mundo, concluiria que são todos dialetos de uma única língua que incorporam uma "gramática universal" refletindo um módulo linguístico geneticamente predeterminado inerente ao cérebro humano.

Na filosofia, especialmente na filosofia da linguagem e na filosofia da mente, o marciano é frequentemente descrito como um exemplo de ser inteligente com um aparato cognitivo diferente do humano, por exemplo, o seguinte exemplo dado por Saul Kripke:

 Não vou argumentar aqui que a simplicidade é relativa, ou que é difícil de definir, ou que um marciano pode achar a função quus mais simples do que a função plus.

Em uma reviravolta retórica comum, invocar o cientista marciano força o leitor a observar um estado de coisas óbvio que normalmente é negligenciado por outras análises:

 Se um marciano agraciasse nosso planeta, seria atingido por uma notável semelhança entre as criaturas vivas da Terra e uma diferença fundamental.

Nota: A semelhança que Chomsky et al. descreve é a linguagem hereditária universal do DNA  humano, enquanto a diferença é a falta de uma linguagem universal de comunicação.

Cientistas marcianos americanos

Extraordinários cientistas húngaros da Segunda Guerra Mundial que emigraram para os Estados Unidos na primeira metade do século XX. Os marcianos mais proeminentes (cientistas) incluíam Theodore von Kármán, John von Neumann, Eugene Wigner e Edward Teller. Eles eram chamados de marcianos devido aos seus brilhantes talentos de resolução de problemas e invenções que pareciam não ser deste mundo, dado o grau de genialidade.

Referências

Filosofia da linguagem
Noam Chomsky
Marcianos fictícios
Experimentos mentais

Cientista Marciano


Squamaria može označavati:
 Squamaria (Plantae) Zanardini, rod crvenih algi iz portodice Peyssonneliaceae
 Squamaria (Animalia), fosilni rod ramanonožaca (Brachiopoda) iz porodice Productidae.

Squamaria


Serdengeçti, Osmanlı askeri sisteminde; Akıncılar içinde düşman ordusu içine girmek ve muhasara altındaki kalelere dalmak için gönüllü yazılanlar hakkında kullanılan bir tabirdir. Bunlar ellerinde kılıçları tehlikeli işlere daldıkları için "yalınkılıç" ya da "dalkılıç" olarak da anılır. Düşman ordusunda kilit noktalara hücum ederek savaştıkları için dönmelerinden ziyade şehadetleri muhakkak olduğu için Serdengeçti ismi almışlardır.

Anadolu parsı kürkünden kıyafetleriyle akıncılar içerisinde kolaylıkla tanınabilirler. Ayrıca düşman askerlerini korkutmak için taktıkları kuş tüyleriyle süslenmiş miğferleriyle bilinirler.

Osmanlıda istihbarat alanında önemli görev almışlardır ve şehadetleri mutlak olduğundan dolayı baş anlamına gelen ser ismiyle başlarından vazgeçti ismi verilmiştir.

Ayrıca bakınız
Forlorn hope

Kaynakça

Tarih terimleri
Yeniçeri Ocağı

Serdengeçti


chown je Unix naredba, obično dostupna na svim *nix operacijskim sustavima. Služi za promjenu vlasništva datoteke. Običan korisnik ne može promijeniti vlasništvo nijedne datoteke, može promijeniti samo vlasništvo grupe (ako je u odgovarajućoj grupi) naredbom chgrp.

Primjeri
$ ls -lF "hrvatska wikipedija"
-rwxr-xr-x 1 speedy speedy 167704 Kol 17 01:12 hrvatska wikipedija*

# chown root:root "hrvatska wikipedija"

$ ls -lF "hrvatska wikipedija"
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 167704 Kol 17 01:12 hrvatska wikipedija*

Srodne naredbe

 chmod
 chgrp
 takeown

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/chown.html

Unix naredbe

Chown


Karacahisar aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:

Yerleşim yerleri
 Karacahisar, Balya - Balıkesir ili Balya ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacahisar, Aksu - Isparta ili Aksu ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacahisar, Bozkır - Konya ili Bozkır ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacahisar, Simav - Kütahya ili Simav ilçesine bağlı belde
 Karacahisar, Soma - Manisa ili Soma ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacahisar, Milas - Muğla ili Milas ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Karacahisar, İmranlı - Sivas ili İmranlı ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacahisar, Zara - Sivas ili Zara ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacahisar, Banaz - Uşak ili Banaz ilçesine bağlı köy
 Karacahisar, Uşak - Uşak ili merkez ilçesine bağlı köy

Karacahisar


Danish-Chinese Business Forum (DCBF) er en erhvervs- og netværksorganisation for danske og kinesiske virksomheder og organisationer. Medlemsskaren er i dag () på over 135 medlemmer fordelt over forskellige industrier, og tæller små, mellemstore og store virksomheder, universiteter og kommuner.

Danish-Chinese Business Forums formål er at styrke kommercielle og økonomiske relationer mellem Danmark og Kina, med henblik på at forbedre forholdene for sine medlemmer.

Organisationen faciliterer kurser, foredrag, konferencer, netværks- og ekspertgruppemøder, med emner såsom e-handel, sourcing, HR og innovation. Den bistår også danske kommuner og regioner i offentlig-private partnerskaber med kinesiske virksomheder samt i bysamarbejder, og indsamler viden om hvordan danske virksomheder klarer sig i Kina.

Organisation
Danish-Chinese Business forum styres af en frivillig bestyrelse. Bestyrelsen ledes af en formand, mens den daglige drift varetages af generalsekretæren. Bestyrelsesmedlemmer bliver valgt for en fireårig periode.

Formænd
 2019 - i dag: Tom Behrens Sørensen
 2016 - 2019: Claus V. Hemmingsen
 2012 - 2016: Thorkild K. Christensen
 2005 - 2012: Nils Foss

Generalsekretærer
 2016 - i dag: Hans Henrik Pontoppidan
 2005 - 2016: Tom Jensen

Historie

Danish-Chinese Business Forum er grundlagt i 2005 af en række af de største danske eksportvirksomheder, og har siden opnået anerkendelse af både den danske og kinesiske stat.

Noter

Ekstern Henvisning
 Danish-Chinese Business Forums bestyrelse
 Danish-Chinese Business Forums officielle hjemmeside

Etableret i 2005
Netværksorganisation
Organisationer fra Danmark

Danish-Chinese Business Forum


Pentaglotis  (lat. Pentaglottis), monotipski rod dvogodišnjeg raslinja ili trajnica iz porodica boražinovki. Jedina vrsta je P. sempervirens, iz jugozapadne Europe (Portugal, Španjolska, Francuska)

Naraste do otprilike 60 cm do 90 cm, obično na vlažnim ili zasjenjenim mjestima i često u blizini zgrada. Ima sjajne plave cvjetove i zadržava svoje zeleno lišće tijekom zime. Biljka teško raste na kiselom tlu (kalcikolna je).

Sinonimi
 Anchusa sempervirens L. in Sp. Pl.: 134 (1753)
 Buglossa sempervirens (L.) Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 352 (1821 publ. 1822)
 Buglossum sempervirens (L.) All. in Fl. Pedem. 1: 48 (1785)
 Caryolopha sempervirens (L.) Fisch. & Trautv. in Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 3: 31 (1837)
 Omphalodes sempervirens (L.) D.Don in Prodr. Fl. Nepal.: 101 (1825)
 Anchusa adami Mazziari in Ionios Antologia 5: 182 (1835)
 Anchusa vulgaris Dumort. in Fl. Belg.: 41 (1827)

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Boragineae
Flora Portugala
Flora Španjolske
Flora Francuske

Pentaglotis


is a town located in Kitamorokata District, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. As of October 1, 2019, the town has an estimated population of 25,591 and the density of 231 persons per km². The total area is 110.02 km². In October 2022, it was ranked as the best town to live in in Miyazaki Prefecture.

Geography

Neighbouring municipalities

 Miyazaki Prefecture
 Miyazaki
 Miyakonojō
 Nichinan

Transportation
The primary form of transportation in Mimata is the car. There is one train station in Mimata and it is on the Nippō Main Line of Kyushu Railway Company (JR Kyushu).

Attractions
 is famous for its Azalea Festival.  This happens in April of every year during the Hanami season.  Shiibae is located only 12 km from the JR Mimata Station.
 is located only 8 km from the JR Mimata Station.  It is approximately 10 minutes by car.
 is located in the center of a local park.  It was built in 1942.  It is located 4 km from the JR Mimata Station.  It is nicknamed  which means "glasses bridge".  This is because it looks like a pair of eyeglasses when it is reflected in the water.

Education
Primary:
Mimata Elementary School
Mimata West Elementary School
Katsuoka Elementary School
Kajiyama Elementary School
Miyamura Elementary School
Nagata Elementary School
Secondary:
Mimata Junior High School
East Miyakonojo High School

Mimata Junior High School

This is currently the largest junior high in all of Miyazaki Prefecture and in 2006 was the 3rd largest school Secondary Education School in the prefecture.

East Miyakonojō High School

Mimata does not have any public high schools.  Within its boundaries is East Miyakonojō High School which is a privately run.  It is called East Miyakonojō High School because the private funding comes from Miyakonojō.

Because of the sheer size of Mimata Junior High School, many students do not get admitted to East Miyakonojō High School.  They take a train from Mimata Station or bike to other nearby high schools either in Miyakonojō proper or other neighboring towns.

References

External links

Official website

Towns in Miyazaki Prefecture

Mimata, Miyazaki


Şenköy, Rize ilinin Çamlıhemşin ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün 1946 yılındaki eski adı Amokta olup, daha önceleri Kolona köyüne bağlı bir mahalle iken, 16 Ağustos 1957'de Şenköy adını alarak köy statüsü kazandı. Köyde Şenköy Köprüsü ve 1900 yılında inşa edilmiş bir cami bulunmaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Rize il merkezine 73 km, Çamlıhemşin ilçe merkezine 8 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Çamlıhemşin belde ve köyleri

Şenköy, Çamlıhemşin


Paro lufthavn (Dzongkha: སྤ་རོ་གནམ་ཐང༌ paro kanam thang) (IATA: PBH, ICAO: VQPR) er en af de fire lufthavne i Bhutan. Med omgivende toppe så høje som 5500 meter anses lufthavnen for at være en af verdens mest udfordrende lufthavne, og kun et udvalg af piloter er certificeret til land i lufthavnen.

Lufthavne
Bhutan

Paro lufthavn


The Asian palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), also called common palm civet, toddy cat and musang, is a viverrid native to South and Southeast Asia. Since 2008, it is IUCN Red Listed as Least Concern as it accommodates to a broad range of habitats. It is widely distributed with large populations that in 2008 were thought unlikely to be declining.
In Indonesia, it is threatened by poaching and illegal wildlife trade; buyers use it for the increasing production of kopi luwak.

Characteristics

The Asian palm civet's long, stocky body is covered with coarse, shaggy hair that is usually greyish in colour. It has a white mask across the forehead, a small white patch under each eye, a white spot on each side of the nostrils, and a narrow dark line between the eyes. The muzzle, ears, lower legs, and distal half of the tail are black, with three rows of black markings on the body. Its head-to-body length is about  with a  long unringed tail. It weighs . Its anal scent glands emit a nauseating secretion as a chemical defense when threatened or upset.

Distribution and habitat
The Asian palm civet is native to India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Singapore, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak, Brunei Darussalam, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, China, the Philippines, and the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan, Bawean, and Siberut. It was introduced to Irian Jaya, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Maluku, and Sulawesi. Its presence in Papua New Guinea is uncertain.

It usually inhabits primary forests, but also occurs at lower densities in secondary and selectively logged forest.

It is also present in parks and suburban gardens with mature fruit trees, fig trees, and undisturbed vegetation. Its sharp claws allow climbing of trees and house gutters. In most parts of Sri Lanka, palm civets are considered a nuisance since they litter in ceilings and attics of common households, and make loud noises fighting and moving about at night.

Evolution
Palawan and Borneo specimens are genetically close, so the Asian palm civet on Palawan island might have dispersed from Borneo during the Pleistocene. It is possible that people later introduced Asian palm civet into other Philippines islands.

Behaviour and ecology

The Asian palm civet is thought to lead a solitary lifestyle, except for brief periods during mating. It is both terrestrial and arboreal, showing a nocturnal activity pattern with peaks between late evening until after midnight. It is usually active between dawn and 4:00 in the morning, but less active during nights when the moon is brightest.

Scent marking behaviour and olfactory response to various excretions such as urine, feces, and secretion of the perineal gland differs in males and females. Scent marking by dragging the perineal gland and leaving the secretion on the substrate was most commonly observed in animals of both sexes. The duration of the olfactory response varied and depended both on the sex and excretion type. The palm civet can distinguish animal species, sex, familiar and unfamiliar individuals by the odor of the perineal gland secretion.

Feeding and diet
The Asian palm civet is an omnivore feeding foremost on fruits such as berries and pulpy fruits. It thus helps to maintain tropical forest ecosystems via seed dispersal. It eats chiku, mango, rambutan, and coffee, but also small mammals and insects. It plays an important role in the natural regeneration of Pinanga kuhlii and P. zavana palms at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park.
It also feeds on palm flower sap, which when fermented becomes palm wine, a sweet liquor ("toddy"). Because of this habit, it is called the toddy cat.

Reproduction

Due to its solitary and nocturnal habits, little is known about its reproductive processes and behaviour. In March 2010, a pair of palm civets was observed when attempting to mate. The pair copulated on the tree branch for about five minutes. During that period, the male mounted the female 4–5 times. After each mounting, the pair separated for a few moments and repeated the same procedure. After completion of mating, the pair frolicked around for some time, moving from branch to branch on the tree. The animals separated after about six minutes and moved off to different branches and rested there.

Threats

Hunting
In some parts of its range Asian palm civets are hunted for bushmeat and the pet trade. In southern China it is extensively hunted and trapped. Dead individuals were found with local tribes where it is killed for its meat, in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, and Agra, Uttar Pradesh, between 1998 and 2003 in India.

The oil extracted from small pieces of the meat, kept in linseed oil in a closed earthen pot and regularly sunned, is used indigenously as a cure for scabies.

Kopi luwak

Kopi luwak is coffee prepared using coffee beans that have been subjected to ingestion and fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of the Asian palm civet, which is called luwak in Indonesia. Caffeine content in both Arabica and Robusta luwak coffee is lower than in unfermented coffee. Large deformation mechanical rheology testing revealed that civet coffee beans are harder and more brittle in nature than their control counterparts indicating that digestive juices enter into the beans and modify the micro-structural properties of these beans. Proteolytic enzymes cause substantial breakdown of storage proteins.

Kopi luwak is traditionally made from the faeces of wild civets, however, due to it becoming a trendy drink, civets are being increasingly captured from the wild and fed coffee beans to mass-produce this blend. Many of these civets are housed in battery cage systems which have been criticised on animal welfare grounds. The impact of the demand for this fashionable coffee on wild palm civet populations is yet unknown but may constitute a significant threat. In Indonesia, the demand for Asian palm civets appears to be in violation of the quota set for pets.

Conservation
Paradoxurus hermaphroditus is listed on CITES Appendix III. There is a quota in place in Indonesia, precluding trade from certain areas, setting a cap on the number of civets that can be taken from the wild, and allowing only 10% of those removed from the wild to be sold domestically. This quota is largely ignored by hunters and traders and is not enforced by authorities. This species has become popular as a pet in Indonesia in recent years, causing a rise in the numbers found in markets in Java and Bali. The majority of the animals sold as pets originate from the wild. The high numbers of animals seen, lack of adherence to the quota and lack of enforcement of the laws are causes for conservation concern.

Taxonomy

itViverra hermaphrodita was the scientific name proposed by Peter Simon Pallas in 1777. It is the nominate subspecies and ranges in Sri Lanka and southern India as far north as the Narbada River.
Several zoological specimens were described between 1820 and 1992:
Viverra bondar by Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest in 1820 was a specimen from Bengal
Viverra musanga by Stamford Raffles in 1821 was a specimen from Sumatra
Viverra musanga, var. javanica by Thomas Horsfield in 1824 was a specimen from Java
Paradoxurus pallasii by John Edward Gray in 1832 was a specimen from India
Paradoxurus philippinensis by Claude Jourdan in 1837 was a specimen from the Philippines However, a genetic study in 2015 reclassifies it as a separate species.
P. h. setosus by Honoré Jacquinot and Pucheran in 1853
P. h. nictitans by Taylor in 1891 was a specimen from Odisha;
P. h. lignicolor by Gerrit Smith Miller Jr. in 1903
P. h. minor by John Lewis Bonhote in 1903
P. h. canescens by Lyon in 1907
P. h. milleri by Cecil Boden Kloss in 1908
P. h. kangeanus by Oldfield Thomas in 1910
P. h. sumbanus by Ernst Schwarz in 1910
P. h. exitus by Schwarz in 1911
P. h. cochinensis by Schwarz, 1911
P. h. canus (Miller, 1913)
P. h. pallens (Miller, 1913)
P. h. parvus (Miller, 1913)
P. h. pugnax (Miller, 1913)
P. h. pulcher (Miller, 1913)
P. h. sacer (Miller, 1913)
P. h. senex (Miller, 1913)
P. h. simplex (Miller, 1913)
P. h. enganus by Lyon, 1916
P. h. laotum by Nils Carl Gustaf Fersen Gyldenstolpe in 1917 was a specimen from Chieng Hai in north-western Thailand, and ranges from Myanmar to Indochina and Hainan;
P. h. balicus by Sody in 1933 was a specimen from Bali
P. h. scindiae by Pocock in 1934 was a specimen from Gwalior, and ranges in central India;
P. h. vellerosus by Pocock in 1934 was a specimen from Kashmir;
P. h. dongfangensis by Corbet and Hill in 1992
The taxonomic status of these subspecies has not yet been evaluated.

In mythology
In Philippine mythology, the Bagobo people believe a being named Lakivot was said to be a huge and powerful palm civet who can talk. Lakivot defeated various monsters, including the one-eyed monster Ogassi and the busaw beings who guarded the Tree of Gold, which had the Flower of Gold that he sought. He was eventually transformed into a handsome young man, and married the person to whom he gave the Flower of Gold.

References

External links

Asian palm civet
Mammals of South Asia
Mammals of Southeast Asia
Carnivorans of Malaysia
Least concern biota of Asia
Asian palm civet
Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas

Asian palm civet


ملعب ليوبولد سيتغور (Stade Leopold Senghor)، هو ملعب متعدد الاستخدامات، يقع في داكار عاصمة السنغال. غالباً مايستخدم في مباريات كرة القدم، والملعب يعتبر مقر لنادي اتحاد دوانس الرياضي. تم بناءه في سنة 1985، ويتسع لقرابة 60.000 متفرج.

ملعب ليوبولد سيدار سنغور متعدد النشاطات الرياضية وهو أكبر ملعب في السنغال. موجود في العاصمة داكار، على الطريق المؤدي إلى المطار الذي يحمل نفس الاسم.

التاريخ
تم تدشين الملعب من طرف الرئيس ضيوف بتاريخ 31 أكتوبر 1985، وأطلق عليه للأول مرة اسم ملعب الصداقة. ولعبت فيه بين فريق جان دارك وفريق Jaraf، وسجل موسى نداو لأول هدف في تاريخ هذا الملعب. و أيضا احتضن هذا الملعب نهائيات كأس الأمم الأفريقية لكرة القدم 1992.

و تم تغيير اسم الملعب في عام 2001، حيث أسند إلى اسم الشاعر ورجل الدولة السنغالي ليوبولد سيدار سنغور الذي توفي في نفس العام.

خصائص الملعب

لقد تم مساعدة السنغال على بناء الملعب بتمويل صيني، الهندسة المعمارية تمثل عش الطائر، ويتسع هذا الملعب لاستعاب 60 ألف مقعدا.
و يوجد خمس فئات من المدرجات ومرفق يضم المدرج الرسمي، المدرج المغطى، المدرج المكشوف ومدرج الزوايا (اثنين).

بغض النظر عن كرة القدم، الرياضة الأكثر شعبية، يتم تنظيم فيه ألعاب القوى، الكرة الطائرة، كرة السلة، التنس، تنس الطاولة، المبارزة، الجمباز، المصارعة السنغالية، الملاكمة، الكاراتي، الجودو والتايكوندو.

أحداث
 كأس أفريقيا للأمم لكرة القدم 1992
 الدولي لألعاب القوى اجتماع في داكار منذ عام 2005
 وفقا للتقاليد، يستضيف الملعب كل سنة في أوائل جانفي، مباريات في المصارعة السنغالية.
 البابا يوحنا بولس الثاني 22 فبراير 1992، قام باحتفال كبير بعد زيارته للسنغال.
 أيضا في هذا المجمع الرياضي الذي أدى فيه اليمين الدستورية الرئيس عبد الله واد في 3 أبريل 2007، بعد إعادة انتخابه.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 صور للملعب
 صور للملعب

الرياضة في داكار
ملاعب رياضية اكتملت في 1985
ملاعب رياضية في السنغال
ملاعب كرة قدم في السنغال
ملاعب متعددة الاستخدام
ملاعب وطنية
ملاعب ألعاب قوى المضمار والميدان في السنغال
تأسيسات سنة 1985 في السنغال

ملعب ليوبولد سيدار سينغهور


In the Minds of Evil jedanaesti je studijski album američkog death metal-sastava Deicide. Diskografska kuća Century Media Records objavila ga je 25. studenoga 2013.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

Izvori

Albumi sastava Deicide
Albumi iz 2013.

In the Minds of Evil


Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları, Nâzım Hikmet'in 1939'da yazmaya başladığı, 1960'ların ikinci yarısında yayımlanabilen şiir kitabıdır.

17bin mısradan oluşan eser Nâzım Hikmet şiirinin doruğu kabul edilir.  Kitap İkinci Meşrutiyet'ten II. Dünya Savaşı'na kadar olan dönemde Anadolu'da yaşamış sıradan insanların öykülerini okuyucuya sunar. Türkiye'nin 1920-1940 yılları arasındaki toplumsal tarihi, Ulusal Bağımsızlık Savaşı'nı da içerecek biçimde verilirken bir yandan da II. Dünya Savaşı'nda  Nazizm'in yenilgisi değişik yönleriyle ele alınıp yansıtılır. Düzyazı, şiir, senaryo tekniklerinin iç içe kullanıldığı bir eserdir.  Beş ciltten oluşur, beşincisi tamamlanmamıştır.

1938'de Nâzım Hikmet'in cezaevine girmesi ile konulmuş olan eserlerini yayınlama ve okuma yasağı nedeniyle şairin hayatı boyunca yayımlanamayan eser, 1965'te yasağın kalkmasından sonra, oğlu Memet Fuat'ın sahibi olduğu De Yayınevi tarafından 1966-1967 yıllarında 5 cilt olarak yayımlanmıştır.

Eser, MEB tarafından 100 Temel Eser Listesine dahil edilmiştir.

Eserin yazılma süreci
Nâzım Hikmet, Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları'nı 1939'da İstanbul'da yazmaya başlamıştır.

Şairin 1939'da üzerinde çalışmaya başladığında eserin adı; "Meşhur Adamlar Ansiklopedisi"  idi. Şair, Almanya'nın Sovyetler Birliği'ne saldırısını öğrendiğinde yirmibirinci yüzyıl tarihini yazmayı düşündü. Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları, bu düşüncenin bir ürünü olarak ortaya çıktı. "Meşhur Adamlar Ansiklopedisi', 1941'de  Bursa Hapishanesinde iken yazmaya başladığı Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları'na bir bölüm olarak girdi.

Nâzım Hikmet yapıtıyla ilgili ön tasarısını şöyle açıklamıştır:

Şair 1950'de hapisten çıktığında eserin 66bin satır yazılmış olduğunu ifade eder. Ertesi sene ülkeyi terk ederken  destanın bazı bölümlerini arkadaşları arasında dağıtır. Bazıları, yakalanma tedirginliği ile ellerindeki bölümleri yakıp yok etmiştir. 1965'te eserin Türkiye'de yayımlandığında elde 17.000 mısra kalmıştır.

Eserin bölümleri
Eserin birinci bölümü İstanbul'da, Haydarpaşa Garı'nda 1941 yılında başlar. 15.45'te Eskişehir'e hareket eden trenin  510 numaralı üçüncü mevki vagonunda 18.38'de Ankara'ya ulaşılana kadar devam eder.  Vagonun yolcuları sıradan köylü, asker, işçi ve tutsaklardır. Bazı yolcuların hayat hikâyeleri, dünya görüşleri ve düşündükleri ile bütün destanı takip eder.

İkinci kitap başka bir trenin yine Haydarpaşa garından hareket edecek olan yolcularını ele alır. Bu sefer yolcular siyasetçi, diplomat, tüccar, fabrika sahipleridir. Kurtuluş Savaşı Destanı'ndan bazı bölümler esere alınmıştır.

Üçüncü kitap hapishane ve hastanede geçer. Dördüncü kitap Sovyetler Birliği ve Fransa'da  faşizme karşı direnenlere değinir. Tamamlanmamış beşinci kitapta Türk toplumunda savaşın yansımaları, çekilen zorluklar ve katı yaşam koşulları aktarılır.

Uyarlamalar

Tiyatro
Eserin birinci bölümü Nâzım Hikmet'in doğumunun 100. yılı olan 2002'de Ankara Sanat Tiyatrosu tarafından bir tiyatro oyunu olarak kurgulanarak Rutkay Aziz yönetmenliğinde  sahneye konmuştur.

Nâzım Hikmet'in "Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları"ndan Onbir Tablo adlı oyun, bu kitaptan seçilen sahnelerin Nihat Asyalı tarafından tiyatroya uyarlanması sonucu ortaya çıkmış ve 2010 yılında dünya prömiyeri yapılmıştır.

Kaynakça

100 Temel Eser
1966 kitapları
1967 kitapları
Nâzım Hikmet şiirleri
Türkçe şiir kitapları

Memleketimden İnsan Manzaraları


Campionatul Mondial Universitar de Handbal Feminin din 2016 a fost a XI-a ediție a competiției organizate Federația Internațională a Sportului Universitar (FISU) și s-a desfășurat în Spania, în orașul Antequera, parte a municipalității Málaga, între 27 iunie și 3 iulie 2016. Turneul feminin a făcut parte din Campionatul Mondial de Handbal Universitar, ajuns la a XXIII-a ediție. În aceeași perioadă, la Antequera a avut loc și turneul de handbal masculin.

Săli
Sălile în care a fost organizată competiția sunt următoarele:

Echipele participante

America de Sud

Asia

Europa

  (gazdă)

Tragerea la sorți
Tragerea la sorți s-a desfășurat pe 1 iunie 2016, la sediul central al FISU din Lausanne, Elveția, și a putut fi urmărită în direct pe pagina de Facebook a FISU. Echipele au fost trase la sorți în două grupe. Spania, gazda competiției, a fost desemnată cap de serie în Grupa A, iar Rusia a fost desemnată cap de serie în Grupa B, deoarece, dintre cele opt participante Campionatul Mondial din 2016, Rusia a fost echipa cea mai bine clasată la ediția anterioară a competiției, unde a câștigat medalia de argint.

Rezultatul tragerii la sorți
Conform paginii oficiale a competiției:

Faza grupelor
Programul meciurilor a fost anunțat pe 1 iunie 2016. Partidele au fost transmise în direct pe canalul YouTube al competiției.

Grupa A

Grupa B

Fazele eliminatorii

Meciurile pentru locurile 5-8
Echipele clasate pe ultimele două locuri în Grupa A au disputat meciuri împotriva echipelor clasate pe ultimele două locuri în Grupa B pentru a stabili ordinea locurilor 5-8.

Semifinalele
Echipele clasate pe primele două locuri în fiecare grupă au avansat în semifinale.

Finala mică

Finala

Clasament și statistici

Clasamentul marcatoarelor
Actualizat pe data de 2 iulie 2016

Sursa: fisu.net

Clasamentul final

Referințe

Legături externe
Pagina oficială

2016 în handbal
Competiții de handbal
Handbal în Spania
Handbal feminin


سعيد الماروق (1 يناير 1969-)مخرج لبناني.

حياته
ولد في بيروت لأبوين لبنانيين أصمّين، فأتقن لغة الإشارة، كما أتقن لغات عدة منها الإنكليزية والصربية والألمانية والكراواتية غادر لبنان بسببالحرب الأهلية اللبنانية، درس الإخراج في أكاديمية السينما في العاصمة اليوغوسلافية بلغراد عام 1990
وبسبب الأوضاع السياسية الصعبة هناك، قرر إكمال دراسته في ألمانيا عام 1992

مشواره المهني
عمل بمهن قد تكون بعيدة عن مجال شهرته، فكان مراسل كاميرا لمحطات التلفزة الألمانية لعدة أعوام أخرج أول خمسة أغاني مصورة لـخمسة فرق غنائية ألمانية
بـ عام 1996 حتى 1999 عمل على إخراج المباريات وبرامج تلفزيونية وإخراج إعلانات تلفزيونية لـ بي أم دابليو – فيليبس – مهرجان مسقط – تركيا
وفي عام 1997 حتى 2000 عمل على إخراج أهم الحفلات الغنائية والمهرجانات، ليتطور عمله الفني إلى مدير لمكتب شبكة راديو وتلفزيون العرب خلال العامين 1996 و1999، عاد بعدها إلى بلده وخاض تجربة إخراج الاعلانات التلفزيونية، ومنها بدأ الدخول إلى عالم الفيديو كليب من بوابة مهنة ريجسير في كليب أغنية قيصر الغناء العربي كاظم الساهر "زيديني عشقا" التي تولى وقتها إخراجها المخرج الأردني حسين دعيبس.
انطلاقته في إخراج الأغاني المصورة كانت عام 2000 من خلال تولّيه إخراج أغنية "دللني" للفنانة هويدا يوسف وصور بنسختين لأن الأولى لم تلقى استحسان الناس وصورت النسخة الثانية في ألمانيا
عام 2010 عمل كمخرج ثان مع مايكل باي، لفيلم (t- formers) وانتاج لشركة سبيلبرغ ((dream work، وصور في القاهرة

إصابته بمرض السرطان وتعافيه
تدهورت حالته الصحية بعد لدرجة اختفاء صوته، مما أجبره على زيارة الطبيب الذي طلب منه إجراء فحوصات عدة، تبين من نتائجها وجود سرطان في الغدد اللمفاوية الموجودة في القصبة الهوائية، وهي التي تؤثر على الأوتار الصوتية وقرر الطبيب المشرف على حالته معالجة ورم الغدد اللمفاوية بالـعلاج الكيماوي والإشعاعي لمدة ستة أسابيع في لبنان، ومن ثم استكمال العلاج في ألمانيا وتعافى منه لاحقا

قضايا سجنه
قامت السلطات المختصة في لبنان في العام 2013 بالقبض عليه وسجنه لعدة أيام، لخلافاته مع شركائه في شركة الإنتاج التي أسسها في العام 2009. ولكن التحقيقات لم تثبت إدانته ما دعا إلى إخلاء سبيله.
في يناير 2018 تم توقيفه في مطار براغ (التشيك) بموجب مذكرة للإنتربول صادرة بحقه عن دولة الإمارات أثر قضية قانونية عالقة بينه واللبنانية رباب عطوي النعيمي، المتزوجة من رجل أعمال إماراتي منذ أكثر من خمسة سنوات، على خلفية اتهامها له باختلاس مبلغ منها يفوق الـ4 ملايين دولار أميركي. وقد أوقف على أساسها الماروق لنحو الشهر في أحد سجون بيروت، وخرج منه لقاء كفالة مالية قدرها 100 مليون ليرة. وما زالت الدعوى قيد النظر، ولم يتم الفصل فيها حتى الآن تم الإفراج عنه وعاد إلى لبنان

الحياة الشخصية
تزوج عام 2005 من المخرجة جيهان متروك، ورزق منها بولد تيم وبنت لامار عام 2011 وانفصل عنها في مايو 2020

أعماله

فيديو كليبات

أفلام
 (2010):المتحولون الجزء الثاني
 (2011):365 يوم سعادة
 (2019):الفلوس

مسلسلات
 (2021):دور العمر

وصلات خارجية

 سعيد الماروق في السينما.كوم

مراجع

مخرجو فيديوهات موسيقية
مخرجون لبنانيون
مواليد 1969

سعيد الماروق


Phulia es un género  de mariposas de la familia Pieridae. Se encuentra en Sudamérica.

Especies
 Phulia garleppi Field & Herrera, 1977
 Phulia nannophyes Dyar, 1913
 Phulia nymphula (Blanchard, 1852)
 Phulia paranympha Staudinger, 1894

Referencias

Pierini
Géneros de lepidópteros

Phulia


Oskaras Jusys (* 13. Januar 1954 in Troškūnai, Rajongemeinde Anykščiai, Litauische SSR) ist ein litauischer Diplomat und Verwaltungsjurist, Völkerrechtler,  Politiker, ehemaliger stellvertretender Außenminister Litauens, Dozent der Vilniaus universitetas.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur von 1961 bis 1972 An der Mittelschule Troškūnai absolvierte er von 1972 bis 1977 das Studium der Rechtswissenschaften an der Juristischen Fakultät der Universität Vilnius und arbeitete danach als Assistent. Von 1978 bis 1981 studierte an der Universität Moskau und 1981 promovierte im Erbrecht zum Thema Tarybinių piliečių paveldėjimo teisių gynimas kapitalistinėse šalyse ("Schutz der Erbrechte sowjetischer Bürger in kapitalistischen Ländern"; 1993 zum Doktor nostrifiziert).

Von 1981 bis 1985 war er Oberhochschullehrer, von 1986 bis 1990 Dozent. Von 1994 bis 2000 war er Botschafter, u. a. bei den Vereinten Nationen in New York und bei der Europäischen Union in Brüssel; von 2000 bis 2001 war Oskaras Jusys stellvertretender Außenminister.

Mit Frau Roma hat er den Sohn Edvinas (* 1983).

Quellen

Privatrechtler (20. Jahrhundert)
Stellvertretender Außenminister (Litauen)
Litauischer Botschafter im Vereinigten Königreich
Litauischer Ständiger Vertreter bei den Vereinten Nationen
Litauischer Botschafter bei der Europäischen Union
Jurist im auswärtigen Dienst (Litauen)
Träger des Ordens für Verdienste um Litauen
Absolvent der Lomonossow-Universität Moskau
Absolvent der Universität Vilnius
Person (Troškūnai)
Litauer
Geboren 1954
Mann

Oskaras Jusys


Die Kap-Buschfische (Sandelia) sind eine Süßwasserfischgattung aus der Familie der Kletterfische und Buschfische (Anabantidae). Die Gattung kommt mit zwei Arten ausschließlich in Südafrika vor.

Sandelia bainsii kommt in den Flüssen der Provinz Ostkap u. a. im Kowie River, Great Fish River, Keiskamma River und Nahoon River vor. Das Verbreitungsgebiet der zweiten Art, Sandelia capensis, beginnt im Westen bei der Elands Bay und erstreckt sich über das Westkap bis zum Coega River der bei Port Elizabeth in den Ozean mündet. In den Olifants River wurde er vom Menschen eingesetzt.

Merkmale
Kap-Buschfische besitzen einen mäßig gestreckten, seitlich abgeflachten Körper und werden 20 bis 26 cm lang. Kopf und Maul sind relativ groß. Auf beiden Kopfseiten finden sich je zwei Nasenöffnungen. Die Kiemendeckel sind beschuppt und im Unterschied zu denen anderer Buschfische am Rand glatt. Das Labyrinthorgan ist recht einfach gebaut. Rücken- und Afterflosse sind langgestreckt, wobei der hartstrahlige Bereich länger ist als der weichstrahlige. Die Bauchflossen sind nicht verlängert, die Schwanzflosse ist abgerundet. Die Seitenlinie ist unterbrochen, der Teil auf dem hinteren Rumpfabschnitt verläuft zwei Schuppenreihen tiefer.

Kap-Buschfische sind olivbraun bis gelblich gefärbt und zeigen eine dunkle Zeichnung. Der Kiemendeckel trägt einen Fleck.

Lebensweise
Sandelia-Arten kommen vor allem in langsam fließende Gewässer vor, die durch Felsen, Wurzeln oder Pflanzen gegliedert sind. Sie ernähren sich von Insekten, Krebstieren, anderen wirbellosen Tieren und kleinen Fischen. Beide Arten pflanzen sich im südafrikanischen Sommer fort. Die haftenden Eier werden auf ein festes Substrat gelegt, das Brutrevier wird vom Männchen verteidigt.

Arten
 Sandelia bainsii (Castelnau, 1861)
 Sandelia capensis (Cuvier, 1829)

Gefährdung
Der Bestand beider Arten ist durch Gewässerverschmutzung und eingeführte Fischarten wie Tilapien, Sonnenbarsche und den Raubwels Clarias gariepinus gefährdet.

Literatur
 Günther Sterba (Hrsg.), Gert Brückner: Enzyklopädie der Aquaristik und speziellen Ichthyologie. Neumann-Neudamm, Melsungen u. a. 1978, ISBN 3-7888-0252-9.
 Wolfgang Noack: Vom Aussterben bedroht – Labyrinthfische vom Schwarzen Kontinent: Sandelia bainsii und Sandelia capensis in Der Makropode 2007 / 3, online.

Weblinks

Labyrinthfische
Endemisches Tier Südafrikas

Kap-Buschfische


Hawker Hurricane : İngiliz II. Dünya Savaşı uçağı
 Rubin Hurricane Carter : Amerikalı boksör.
Hurricane: Kanye West şarkısı.

Hurricane


Balantiopsidaceae, porodica jetrenjarki, dio reda Jungermanniales. Postoji više rodova

Balantiopsaceae H. Buch je pogrešan naziv ove porodice.

Rodovi
 Acroscyphella N. Kitag. & Grolle
 Anisotachis R.M. Schust.
 Balantiopsis Mitt.
 Eoisotachis R.M. Schust.
 Hypoisotachis (R.M. Schust.) J.J. Engel & G.L. Merr.
 Isotachis Mitt.
 Neesioscyphus Grolle
 Pseudoisotachis Váňa
 Ruizanthus R.M. Schust.
 Sendtnerella (Spruce) R.M. Schust.
 Steereocolea R.M. Schust.

Izvori

Jungermanniineae

Balantiopsidaceae


Jean-Pierre Brard, (born 7 February 1948), is a French politician.  Initially a teacher, he entered politics and was elected was deputy mayor of Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis, a post he held until 1984 when he was elected mayor of the same city. He remained mayor until March  2008.  He is a member of the Convention for a Progressive Alternative (CAP) and a deputy to the French National Assembly since 1988.   A former member of the French Communist Party (until 1996), he is affiliated to the parliamentary group of the Democratic and Republican Left.  He is a member of the Parliamentary Office for evaluation of scientific and technological options, and he participates in various task forces and commissions on sects, the economy and finance.

Political offices held

Local offices

1971–1984 City Council and Deputy Mayor of Montreuil

1984–2008 Mayor of Montreuil

2008–2014 Municipal Councilor of Montreuil (opposition)

Member of Parliament

1988–2012 member of the seventh district of Seine-Saint-Denis

References

External links
  Official site

1948 births
Living people
People from Flers, Orne
French Communist Party politicians
Convention for a Progressive Alternative politicians
Deputies of the 9th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 10th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 11th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 12th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Deputies of the 13th National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
Members of Parliament for Seine-Saint-Denis
Mayors of places in Île-de-France

Jean-Pierre Brard


මූලික තර්ක ද්වාර (Basic Logic Gates)
මූලික වශයෙන් තර්ක ද්වාර 3 ක් ඇත.
 AND Gate
 OR Gate
 Not Gate

AND Gate

අංකිත පරිපථය (Digital Circuit)

ප්‍රතිසම පරිපථය (Analog Circuit)

සත්‍යතා වගුව (Truth Table)

OR Gate

අංකිත පරිපථය (Digital Circuit)

ප්‍රතිසම පරිපථය (Analog Circuit)

සත්‍යතා වගුව (Truth Table)

NOT Gate

අංකිත පරිපථය (Digital Circuit)

ප්‍රතිසම පරිපථය (Analog Circuit)

සත්‍යතා වගුව (Truth Table)

සංයුක්ත තර්ක ද්වාර (Compound Logic Gates)
සංයුක්ත තර්ක ද්වාර සෑදී ඇත්තේ මූලික තර්ක ද්වාර 2 ක් හෝ කිහිපයක් එකිනෙක සංයෝජනය වීමෙනි.
 NOR Gate ( NOT + OR )
 NAND Gate ( NOT + AND )
 XOR Gate (Exclusive OR)
 XNOR Gate (Exclusive NOR)

NOR Gate

අංකිත පරිපථය (Digital Circuit)

ප්‍රතිසම පරිපථය (Analog Circuit)

සත්‍යතා වගුව (Truth Table)

NAND Gate

අංකිත පරිපථය (Digital Circuit)

ප්‍රතිසම පරිපථය (Analog Circuit)

සත්‍යතා වගුව (Truth Table)

XOR Gate

අංකිත පරිපථය (Digital Circuit)

ප්‍රතිසම පරිපථය (Analog Circuit)

සත්‍යතා වගුව (Truth Table)

XNOR Gate

අංකිත පරිපථය (Digital Circuit)

ප්‍රතිසම පරිපථය (Analog Circuit)

සත්‍යතා වගුව (Truth Table)

අංකිත තර්ක ද්වාර


The  is a peninsula that encompasses the entirety of Chiba Prefecture on Honshu, the largest island of Japan. It is part of the Greater Tokyo Area. It forms the eastern edge of Tokyo Bay, separating it from the Pacific Ocean. The peninsula covers approximately .

Description

The Bōsō Peninsula is defined by the Pacific Ocean to its east and south, Tokyo Bay to the west, and the Edo and Tone rivers to the north. The Bōsō Hill Range forms the backbone of the south of the peninsula, and much of the area is hilly. Mount Atago in Minamibōsō and Kamogawa is the highest point on the peninsula with an altitude of . From south to north the Bōsō Hill Range gives way to the Shimōsa Plateau, which covers much of the area of northern Chiba Prefecture, and ends in the lower areas around the Tone River.

The northern and western parts of the Bōsō Peninsula are highly urbanized. The Shimōsa Plateau and the coastal lowlands and interior river valleys are chiefly used for rice cultivation. The western coast of the peninsula is home to the Keiyō Industrial Zone, which ranges from Urayasu on the border of Tokyo in the northwest of the peninsula to Futtsu to the south. The Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line, a bridge-tunnel across Tokyo Bay, connects Kisarazu with the city of Kawasaki in Kanagawa Prefecture. The northeast of the peninsula is home to Suigo-Tsukuba Quasi-National Park, which spans across both Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures, and much of the remainder of the eastern coast of the peninsula is designated as Minami Bōsō Quasi-National Park.

Etymology

The peninsula gets its name and kanji from the former provinces that were located there: Awa (安房),  Kazusa (上総) and Shimōsa (下総). The Japan Meteorological Agency refers to the west and east coasts of the peninsula as Uchibō (内房) and Sotobō (外房) respectively.

References

Landforms of Chiba Prefecture
Peninsulas of Japan

Bōsō Peninsula


Campionatul Asiatic de Handbal Feminin pentru Tineret din 2019 a fost a 15-a ediție a competiției și s-a desfășurat între 20 și 29 iulie 2019, la Beirut, în Liban, sub egida Federației Asiatice de Handbal. A fost prima dată în istoria sa când campionatul a fost găzduit de Liban și organizat de către Federația Libaneză de Handbal. Ediția din 2019 a contat și ca turneu de calificare la Campionatul Mondial de Handbal Feminin pentru Tineret din 2020.

Tragerea la sorți
Tragerea la sorți a avut loc pe 13 aprilie 2019, de la ora locală 16:00, la sediul Federației Libaneze de Handbal de la Beirut.

Sala
Toate meciurile întrecerii s-au desfășurat în sala Hatem Achour din Beirut.

Grupele preliminare
Calendarul de mai jos respectă ora Libanului (UTC+3).

Grupa A

Grupa B

Fazele eliminatorii
Semifinalele și finalele

Locurile 5–8

Semifinalele pentru locurile 5–8

Semifinalele

Meciul pentru locul 7

Meciul pentru locul 5

Finala mică

Finala

Clasament și statistici

Clasamentul final

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Raniere ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Keith Raniere (* 1960), US-amerikanischer Unternehmer und Psycho-Coach
 Sandro Raniere (* 1989), brasilianischer Fußballspieler

Raniere


Graham Vivian "Polly" Farmer  (10 March 1935  14 August 2019) was an Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) and the East Perth Football Club and West Perth Football Club in the Western Australian National Football League (WANFL).

Born in Western Australia and of indigenous heritage through his Noongar mother, Farmer is considered one of the greatest footballers in the game's history; when the Australian Football Hall of Fame was established in 1996, Farmer was among the 12 inaugural players given "legend" status. He is primarily recognised for the way he revolutionised ruckwork and handballing.

After retiring as a player, Farmer returned to Geelong to become the VFL's first coach of indigenous background, and he was also named coach of Western Australia's first State of Origin team.

The Graham Farmer Freeway in his hometown of Perth is named in his honour.

Early life
Farmer was born at the Hillcrest Maternity Home in North Fremantle to an unknown man and 25-year-old Noongar woman from Katanning named Eva. At the time of Farmer's birth, Australia was slowly recovering from the Great Depression, and A. O. Neville was Western Australia's Chief Protector of Aborigines. In December 1936, Farmer was voluntarily placed in the care of Sister Kate's orphanage in Queens Park, Western Australia, a home for "half-caste" children. Farmer never found out why he had been put there, though it is presumed that Farmer's unmarried mother did not have the means to provide for him.

Nonetheless, Farmer was grateful to Sister Kate's for his upbringing: "If it had not been for Sister Kate's, I would have had an ice block's hope in hell of ever leading a normal life. I owe her and all her dedicated helpers everything – for giving me the chance to make something of myself. I was one of the lucky ones." A bout of poliomyelitis left Farmer with his left leg shorter than his right leg. According to Farmer, he was nicknamed "Polly the Parrot" as a six-year-old because people thought he chattered away like a parrot. At high school, Farmer was spotted by talent scouts for the East Perth Football Club and joined the team.

Football career

East Perth

Farmer began his top-level career in the West Australian Football League (WAFL), known then as the West Australian National Football League (WANFL), with the East Perth Football Club in 1953. He played 176 games from 1953 to 1961 with East Perth. During this time he won the club's fairest and best award seven times and was a member of their 1956, 1958 and 1959 premiership teams. In 1956, he was awarded a Simpson Medal for his performance against South Australia at the Perth Carnival and later was also awarded the Tassie Medal for being judged best at the carnival overall. He was awarded the WANFL's highest individual honour, the Sandover Medal, in 1956 and 1960. He also tied for the medal in 1957 with East Fremantle's Jack Clarke but lost on a countback; he was awarded that medal in 1997 when the WAFL awarded retrospective medals for those who missed out on countbacks. In 1959, he was awarded the Simpson Medal for being best on ground in the grand final. He was awarded another Simpson Medal in 1961 for his game against Victoria at the Brisbane Carnival.

Geelong

Farmer had clear ambitions to play football in Victoria, and had attracted interest from Victorian clubs; at the end of 1955 he was signed by the Richmond Football Club for £200 (as was not uncommon at the time), but the move was blocked by East Perth, and he remained in Perth for the next six years. He was later recruited by Bob Davis to the Geelong Football Club in 1962. In the opening moments of his debut for Geelong in 1962, Farmer severely injured a knee, causing ligament damage and missed the rest of the season. He returned in 1963, winning a premiership with Geelong and coming equal-second in the Brownlow Medal behind Bob Skilton. Farmer played 101 games for Geelong from 1962 to 1968, won the team's fairest and best award in 1963 and 1964 and captained the team from 1965 until 1967.

On 6 July 1963 he was a member of the Geelong team that were comprehensively and unexpectedly beaten by Fitzroy, 9.13 (67) to 3.13 (31) in the 1963 Miracle Match.

Farmer practised handballing through car windows at the car yard where he worked and one of his football legacies is changing handballing from a last-resort option to a "dangerous offensive weapon". According to Geelong player Sam Newman, "without speaking one word he [Farmer] taught me everything I know. I watched how a man overcomes not the physical, not the mental, but the spiritual – that's the most important – he was an absolute star, about one decade, one century ahead of his time".

One tactic opposition players tried in order to distract Farmer was racial abuse, but to no avail, as he related to historian Sean Gorman:
I never took any notice of it. I think anything that was said out on the field was to put people off, but it didn't break my concentration and when I was called names I'd look at myself and say to myself well I can't see it. It never worried me. I still was called 'You boong, you nigger.' That was understandable because you do anything to try and put people off their game. I didn't go out of my way to chase people and thump them because they called me a boong.

West Perth
In 1968, Farmer desired to return home to Western Australia. Although he had trained briefly with East Perth during 1967 as part of a testimonial to retired Royal teammate "Square" Kilmurray, Farmer accepted the role of captain/coach with the West Perth Football Club, rivals to his former club, East Perth. He led West Perth to premierships in 1969 and 1971, both times defeating East Perth in the grand final. In 1969, Farmer received his fourth Simpson Medal during the AFC Championships in Adelaide, and also played his 300th career game during the season.

In 1971, he played his 346th career game in Round 11 (245th in the WANFL) to break David "Dolly" Christy's long-standing elite Australian rules football games record, and also became the first player in elite Australian rules football to play 350 career games. Farmer retired after the Grand Final aged 36, after 79 games with West Perth and a career total of 356 games, which remained a record until broken by Kevin Murray in Round 2 of the 1974 VFL season (Murray retired at the end of that season with 377 games in the VFL and WANFL).

Farmer also played 31 games for Western Australia and five games for Victoria in interstate football, and four International Rules matches on the 1968 Australian Football World Tour (which are counted as senior by the VFL/AFL); if these are included, he played a total of 396 career senior games, which remained a record until broken by Murray in either of Round 12 of 1974 (using the VFL/AFL's totals), Round 13 of 1973 (excluding Farmer's International Rules matches) or Round 17 of 1973 (including Farmer's International Rules matches).

Non-playing coach
Not involved in top-level football in 1972, Farmer returned to the VFL as coach of the Geelong Football Club in time for the 1973 VFL season. Shortly after taking up the position, Farmer travelled to Canberra in an attempt to personally persuade Manuka Football Club's star rover Edney Blackaby to join Geelong. Blackaby had signed a Form Four with the Cats, but not even Farmer's star power and a lucrative contract were enough to convince Blackaby to leave Canberra.
Farmer's tenure as Geelong coach was generally regarded as a disappointment, with a sixth-placed finish in 1974 their best result. One issue was that he assumed his players would adhere to all training instructions and be disciplined in their preparation, just as he was in his playing days. He also found it difficult to relate to players who were less naturally gifted. Farmer and the club's committee had an increasingly strained relationship and Farmer quit in 1975.
A six-game losing streak in the second half of the season spelled the end of Farmer's time as coach. Geelong ensured that he bowed out on a positive note with a surprise 26-point win over  at VFL Park.

Farmer returned to the WANFL, coaching East Perth from 1976 to 1977 with some success and he coached the first Western Australian state of origin team in 1977. Farmer was sacked as coach of East Perth in 1977 due to conflict and replaced by Barry Cable in 1978. Farmer said, "When the going gets tough a club should stick together and fight to beat it. But some people chip and chip at the ground underneath you in trying to find someone to blame. I do my best in football and I have no time to protect my back, so it's left wide open. Maybe that's a lot of my trouble."

Personal life and death
In 1956, Farmer met Marlene Gray, a Tasmanian woman holidaying in Perth. They married in 1957 and had three children: two sons, Brett and Dean, and daughter Kim. In the 1960s, former Geelong player Neil Trezise approached Farmer about representing the Australian Labor Party in the seat of Corio. Farmer declined.

The couple sold their house in 1992 and ran a two-star Southway Auto Lodge motel in South Perth until 1998. Farmer said the business failed due to the downturn in the Asian economy and a 40% drop in tourist numbers. It left him with no money or assets. He said, "We have nothing and we are back to square one. But we didn't borrow money to keep the business going. All my life I have helped myself and there is no reason why I can't still do that." Farmer and Marlene were given temporary accommodation at the caretaker's flat in the Main Roads building. Two fundraising events were organised in Perth and Melbourne by John Watts, Bob Davis and Sam Newman, raising $120,000. A trust fund was established with the money and a small villa was bought in Innaloo.

In 1999, Farmer was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, but it was not until 2012 that his wife Marlene, who was battling breast cancer, decided to reveal it publicly. He died at the Fiona Stanley Hospital on 14 August 2019, aged 84. He was given a state funeral, held at Perth Stadium, on 26 August. He was survived by his three children, his wife Marlene having died in 2015.

After his death, Farmer's brain was donated to the Australian Sports Brain Bank. A study of his brain by researchers at the bank identified chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Farmer is the first former VFL/AFL player to be diagnosed with the condition.

Legacy

In 1971, Farmer became the first Australian footballer to receive a Queen's honour when he was named a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the New Year honours list. Farmer's name was included in the 150 bronze tablets set into the footpath along St Georges Terrace that commemorate notable figures in Western Australia's history, as part of the WAY 1979 celebrations. He was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1985.

In 1994, Steve Hawke, author and son of former prime minister Bob Hawke, met with Farmer to discuss writing his biography. In return, Farmer asked for Hawke's help to create the Polly Farmer Foundation, an organization dedicated to supporting indigenous children in their sporting and academic endeavours. Farmer explained, "I want the foundation to be of practical assistance to young Aboriginal people with potential to do something with their lives … Not just sport, but in the professions and business. We want to develop links with the tertiary institutions and make sure Aboriginal people become leaders." Hawke enlisted the help of recently retired federal politicians Ron Edwards and Fred Chaney to establish the foundation, and was joined by Sir Ronald Wilson, a former High Court judge; and Greg Durham, chief executive of the Geelong Football Club.

On 6 October 1997, Western Australian Transport Minister Eric Charlton announced that the $400 m Northern City Bypass would be named the Graham Farmer Freeway. Charlton said, "He already has a place in WA sporting folklore and it is fitting that a showpiece of the city's transport network should bear his name… The northern traffic bypass system links West Perth and East Perth which are, coincidentally, the two districts which Graham Farmer represented with distinction on the football arena".

He was inducted into the inaugural Australian Football Hall of Fame in 1996 as one of the twelve official "Legends" and then into the West Australian Football Hall of Fame in 2004. He has been nominated as the first ruckman in every Team of the Century for each of the two leagues and three clubs for which he participated, plus the Indigenous Team of the Century, in which he was the captain. In 2008, Farmer was named at number 5 in The Ages top football players of all time. Farmer is depicted contesting a boundary throw-in with Carlton ruckman John Nicholls (the other ruckman in the AFL Team of the Century) in Jamie Cooper's painting The Game That Made Australia, commissioned by the AFL in 2008 to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the sport.

Farmer is also depicted in the rare 1963 Scanlens football card series, which, due to production problems during the printing process, is now considered one of the rarest and most valuable trading cards in Australia.

Upon Farmer's death, tributes came flowing in from his contemporaries. Carlton legend John Nicholls, whose ruck rivalry with Farmer was compulsory viewing for football fans in the 1960s, reflected fondly on their on-field contests and enduring friendship:

As a person, 'Polly' was a good man. He has been a friend of mine for the best part of 60 years. As a player he was talked about as ahead of his time . . . and he was a freak. 'Polly' and I probably played against each other 15 or 20 times. In all those times I can honestly say I don't think he ever beat me - but then again, I don't think I beat him either. We probably nullified each other.
At ruck contests the pair of us used to take two or three steps - never a long run. At centre bounces he jumped early and umpires like Jeff Crouch used to let him get away with it. I gave away height to 'Polly' and I realized that if I jumped at the same time as him I was gone, so I jumped into him early, body on body, and I was successful at it because I had a good spring. [...] He was one of the first to really perfect the art of handballing. He was very good at it. He was a brilliant footballer, I learnt a lot from him, he made me a better player and I respected him. He was a good friend of mine, a very good friend.

Fellow Western Australian indigenous football legend Barry Cable, whose career overlapped with Farmer, reflected on his unique style of ruck play:

I don't think there's any doubt he was the greatest ruckman in Aussie rules – he led the way in that area, he had a very unique game. People say he changed the style of ruckman but I feel he was the only one who could do what he could do. He had a special game and ruck play all of his own, and no one has ever been able to follow it. There was no one who did it before him and no one's ever done it after him.

On behalf of the AFL, chief executive Gillon McLachlan issued this statement:

When discussing ruckmen, every player who saw him play or took the field against him, deferred to Polly. Our game has always started in the centre square, with a contest between two big men, and Polly was the greatest of all the big men who seek to set the standard of competitiveness for their teams, lead from the front at every contest and compel their teammates to match their skills and commitment in the pursuit of victory. Beyond football, as a proud Noongar man, he was a leader for the Aboriginal community and his standing in the game and in society enabled his people to believe that they too could reach the peaks and achieve their best potential. He laid the path for so many great footballers from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities to come into the elite levels of the game and showcase their skills. At every point of his career, his teams found success on the field, thanks largely to his dominance that built a record that few players could ever hope to match.

See also
 1963 Miracle Match

References

Bibliography

External links

Graham "Polly" Farmer player profile page at WAFLFootyFacts
Polly Farmer Foundation webpage

1935 births
2019 deaths
Geelong Football Club players
Geelong Football Club premiership players
Geelong Football Club captains
Geelong Football Club coaches
East Perth Football Club players
West Perth Football Club players
West Perth Football Club coaches
East Perth Football Club coaches
All-Australians (1953–1988)
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Carji Greeves Medal winners
Sandover Medal winners
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football
West Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
Noongar people
Members of the Stolen Generations
Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire
Players of Australian football with chronic traumatic encephalopathy
VFL/AFL premiership players
Australian rules footballers from Fremantle

Polly Farmer


I magnifici Brutos del West ist eine 1964 entstandene Western-Farce mit dem Quartett der damals populären Komikergruppe "I Brutos" in den Hauptrollen. Dem Film wurde keine deutschsprachige Aufführung zuteil.

Handlung
Die vier lustigen Gesellen I Brutos, nämlich Artie, Lee, Johnny und Pep, begeben sich nach Fresno, wo sie ein Bestattungsunternehmen geerbt haben. Als sie dort ankommen, halten sie die gerade stattfindende Schießerei zwischen Banditen und den Bürgern für eine Freudenfeier anlässlich ihrer Ankunft; sie feuern ebenfalls ihre Waffen ab und treffen damit alle Bösewichter. Nach Aufnahme ihres Geschäftes sollen sie einen Sarg mit einem Verstorbenen an einen entlegenen Ort transportieren. Tatsächlich befindet sich jedoch ein Schatz im Sarg. Während ihrer Reise werden die vier von Indianern angegriffen und gefangen genommen. Der Häuptling möchte die Helden dann mit seinen vier hässlichen Töchtern verheiraten, was nur unter großen Mühen verhindert werden kann. Weitere Erlebnisse führen dazu, dass die Brutos den Schmuggel des Schatzes vereiteln können und als Helden in die Stadt zurückkehren; das Schicksal des Verheiratetwerdens holt sie jedoch ein.

Kritik
Christian Keßler über den Film: Was die Hauptdarsteller "anstellen, sprengt alle Vorstellungsmöglchkeiten: Es setzt Grimassen, die in modernen Hollywoodfilmen nur mehr mittels Spezialeffekten hergestellt werden können. (…) Marino Girolami hat den apokalytischen Humor der fünf verrückten Vier in eine temporeiche und durchaus unterhaltsame Westerngeschichte gepackt, deren Gelingen  von dem Umstand abhängt, ob man sich mit dem Humor des Gespanns anfreunden mag."

Anmerkungen
Ettore Bruno gehört ebenfalls zur Truppe, spielt jedoch im Film keine der "Heldenrollen" und wird gesondert aufgeführt. Die Filmtitel sind ansonsten mit englischen Pseudonymen durchsetzt, die nur teilweise zugeordnet werden können.

Weblinks

 Der Film bei comingsoon

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 1964
Italienischer Film
Spanischer Film
Französischer Film
Italowestern
Filmkomödie

I magnifici Brutos del West