Gospel Oak is an inner urban area of north west London in the London Borough of Camden at the very south of Hampstead Heath. The neighbourhood is positioned between Hampstead to the north-west, Dartmouth Park to the north-east, Kentish Town to the south-east, and Belsize Park to the south-west. Gospel Oak lies across the NW5 and NW3 postcodes and is served by Gospel Oak station on the London Overground.
The North London Suburb, Gospel Oak, has many schools around it.

History
The name Gospel Oak derives from a local oak tree, under which parishioners gathered to hear regular gospel readings when the area was still rural. The oak of Gospel Oak marked the boundary between the parishes of Hampstead and St Pancras, and was said to be situated on the corner of Mansfield Road and Southampton Road. The oak vanished sometime in the 1800s and was last recorded on a map of the area in 1801.

There are reports that the founder of Methodism John Wesley preached from the oak, with the 18th century farming population meeting there regularly. The small street named Wesleyan Place, off Highgate Road, was the original site of a very early Methodist chapel that was connected with the famous oak.

Local resident Michael Palin attempted in 1998 to re-plant a new oak tree for Gospel Oak in Lismore Circus, but the tree has not survived.

The history of Gospel Oak can be traced as far back as the history of Hampstead, which was documented in AD 986 by Ethelred the Unready to the Abbot of Westminster. Situated as it is in the southern part of Hampstead Heath, the area was, in years past, referred to as nearby South End Green. When the now-lost great oak tree of Gospel Oak became famous as a preaching spot in the 1700s, the area was referred to as Gospel Oak, and the name continues today.

The neighbourhood began serious development in the mid-1800s when Lord Mansfield, Lord Southampton and Lord Lisburne were the local landowners. Plans were drawn up for elegant streets radiating from Lismore Circus but after two railway lines were extended across the area in the 1860s the first buildings were two- and three-story cottages, based around present-day Oak Village. The area was for many years rather remote from the rest of the wider Kentish Town development and streets were not fully completed and the housing stock was regarded as relatively sub-standard.

During this early building period, there was a risk that Parliament Hill Fields (the southernmost part of Hampstead Heath, entered from the 'Gospel Oak Entrance' near Gospel Oak station) would be built over. In the 1840s, Lord Southampton's estate initially proposed building on the fields, but a campaign led to the fields being bought in 1889 by the Metropolitan Board of Works as an extension to the already protected Hampstead Heath. The fields now host Parliament Hill itself, the Parliament Hill Lido, an athletics running track, a bandstand, café and various children's play areas.

On the evening of 2 September 1861, an excursion train returning from Kew Gardens hit an empty train on the bridge next to Gospel Oak station. The engine left the line and plunged down the embankment, killing 14 and injuring 300.

A curious story of Victorian Gospel Oak relates to a story that appeared in the local press of the time, called "The Elephants of Gospel Oak". In March 1884, Sangers Circus was booked to perform at Gospel Oak (presumably on Parliament Hill Fields). Four elephants were transported by train to Kentish Town but on leaving the train, two of the elephants bolted and ran up Fortess Road, knocking over a child, running further beyond Tufnell Park station and ending up falling into cellars in Pemberton Gardens. The other two elephants were then drafted to pull out the trapped elephants using ropes. All four elephants then paraded down the streets of Dartmouth Park, accompanied by hundreds of onlookers, arriving back at Gospel Oak where the elephants performed to packed audiences.

Later development including the areas of the Mansfield Conservation area to the west of Gospel Oak station led to the neighbourhood becoming more respectable and solidly residential - although in 1909 when John Betjeman's family moved to the more affluent Highgate they obviously felt that they were a cut above Gospel Oak:
Here from my eyrie, as the sun went down,I heard the old North London puff and shunt,Glad that I did not live in Gospel Oak.

Bombing during the 1940s and post-war regeneration affected Gospel Oak considerably. During World War II, the area around Gospel Oak station was bombed, and on the night of 16 November 1940, Mansfield Road School (Gospel Oak Primary School is now on this site) and other parts of Gospel Oak were bombed. The school was acting as a fire station at the time and 4 local residents died and many more injured. The present-day school was subsequently built on the site, and the damaged Victorian houses opposite were torn down to make way for the more modern estates that are seen today.

Topography
One of 'London's lost rivers' the River Fleet flows hidden under Gospel Oak, following the line of Fleet Road, and crossing under Southampton Road, Kingsford Road and continuing along the line of Malden Road to eventually meet the Thames.

Local politics
The majority of Gospel Oak forms a ward, called Gospel Oak, on Camden London Borough Council. It was represented by future MP Tessa Jowell (Labour) from 1974 to 1986, businessman John Mills (Labour) from 1990 to 2006, Camden Council Leader Raj Chada (Labour) from 2002 to 2006 and future MP Chris Philp (Tory) from 2006 to 2010. The southern part of Gospel Oak is included in the Haverstock ward (which also includes areas to the south of Queen's Crescent and south-west to Belsize Park).

For parliamentary purposes, Gospel Oak is part of the wider Holborn and St Pancras constituency currently held by the Leader of the Opposition, Labour's Keir Starmer.

Places of interest

Residential areas
 Oak Village, and its neighbouring road, Elaine Grove, are some of the prettiest residential parts of Gospel Oak. These streets remain relatively unchanged since the cottages were built in the early Victorian period.
 The Mansfield Conservation area, contained by Roderick, Savernake and Mansfield Roads contains the bulk of Gospel Oak's larger terraced Victorian and Edwardian properties.
 Lissenden Gardens, a mansion flat estate consisting of Parliament Hill Mansions, Lissenden Mansions and Clevedon Mansions, is a popular residential area of Gospel Oak, with its own interesting and diverse history, famous as the birthplace of John Betjeman.
 Kiln Place, an estate in Gospel Oak, was built on a former brick kiln, called the 'Gospel Oak Brick Works'.
 The Dunboyne Road Estate previously known as the Fleet Road Estate is a Grade II-listed modernist estate, designed by Neave Brown in the late 1960s.
 Waxham, a low-rise estate block running along much of Mansfield Road was completed in the 1970s and is said to be the longest single block of public housing in Europe. However, at 850m, the falowiec in Obrońców Wybrzeża Gdansk Poland, is far longer.

Churches
 St Martin's Church, Gospel Oak is a Grade I-listed church on Vicars Road built between 1864 and 66. A curious-looking church designed by Edward Buckton Lamb and discussed by John Summerson in his Victorian Architecture in England (Norton 1970). The church was built at the personal cost of John Derby Allcroft to commemorate his late wife. It is a listed building which architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner described as "the craziest of London's Victorian churches".
 St Dominic's Priory Church, a Grade II* listed Victorian church in Gospel Oak, designed in accordance with the Rosary Prayer and administered by friars and nuns - said to be one of the largest Catholic churches in London.
 All Hallows in Savernake Road, Gospel Oak, is a vast hall-style church, designed in the early English Gothic style with aisles as high as the nave. It was described by The Times in 1914 as "the Cathedral of North London"  due to its vastness. The architect was James Brooks, originally the Church of the Good Shepherd, its foundation stone was laid by Mary, Duchess of Teck (mother of the future Queen Mary) on 23 July 1892. The church was consecrated in 1901 and eventually dedicated by the Bishop of London in 1914 once all building work was completed by Giles (later Sir Giles) Gilbert Scott.
 The Church of St Anargyre on Gordon House Road is a Greek Orthodox church serving the local Greek and Cypriot communities of Gospel Oak.
 St Marks's Church was one of three London churches paid for by John Derby Allcroft (1822 - 1893).

Leisure and recreation
 The Gospel Oak entrance to Hampstead Heath leads immediately to Parliament Hill Lido, built in 1937 at a cost of £34,000 (the costliest of its type) and is now a popular Grade II listed outdoor swimming pool.
 The southernmost part of Hampstead Heath, accessed from Gospel Oak also contains many other leisure facilities, including an athletics running track, various children's playgrounds, paddling pool, and Hampstead Heath's Education Centre. Wing Chun Kung Fu and other martial arts are on offer at SAS Martial Arts, on Gordon House Road.

Notable shops
 Kristin Baybars' Toy Emporium, at 7 Mansfield Road, is a Gospel Oak attraction and is famous for beautifully hand-crafted doll's house furniture and old-fashioned toys. Kristin and her shop were the subject of a 2014 short documentary film "This little place in Gospel Oak" as well as a January 2017 BBC video report "My Shop".

Public houses
 The Old Oak is the most central public house in Gospel Oak, which is a 1950s rebuilding of an original corner-sited inn called the Old Oak Hotel built as an integral part of the Oak Village estate in the 1850s.
 The Southampton Arms is a short walk down Highgate Road, winner of CAMRA's 2011 London pub of year, famous for its very large selection of real ales and ciders, and traditional piano nights.
 The Bull and Last, across Parliament Hill Fields and on the edge of Dartmouth Park, is a historic listed gastropub famous for its Observer Food Monthly award-winning Sunday lunches.

Schools
 Gospel Oak Primary & Nursery School
 Parliament Hill School
 William Ellis School (founded in 1862 as "Gospel Oak Schools")
 Fleet Primary School

Transport

Trains

Gospel Oak is served by the London Overground network, with Gospel Oak station being the start of the Gospel Oak to Barking line as well as an intermediate stop on the North London Line.

Gospel Oak station dates back to 1860. The name of the current Gospel Oak station in Mansfield Road/Gordon House Road has changed over the years. When it first opened in 1860 it was the very first station in the area that took the name 'Kentish Town' which it held until 1867 when it was renamed 'Gospel Oak' due to other stations taking the Kentish Town name. Given Gospel Oak station's immediate proximity to Parliament Hill (just an 8-minute walk from station to summit), there was a movement in the 1950s to rename Gospel Oak station Parliament Hill station – a proposal which was quashed by local residents.

Kentish Town station situated 1 mile away is served by Thameslink.

Tube

Gospel Oak sits between the High Barnet and Edgware branches of the Northern line.

The nearest stations are Tufnell Park, Belsize Park and Kentish Town, which are all situated within a 1-mile radius.

Buses
The 24 bus runs from Pimlico to Hampstead Heath to the west of Gospel Oak.

The area is also served by the 88 bus which runs from Clapham Common to Parliament Hill Fields.

Other local bus routes include the 46, 214,  and C11.

Notable residents

Past
 John Betjeman, poet
 George Orwell, novelist and journalist
 Richard Henry Tawney, socialist and founding father of the welfare state
 Frederick Tatham, sculptor and painter
 Anthony Green, senior Royal Academician and painter
 Denny Wright, Jazz guitarist and composer
 Jerome K Jerome, novelist, editor (lived on site of Bacton Low-Rise)
 Ivor Cutler, poet, musician, entertainer, novelist, broadcaster
 Sinéad O'Connor, singer, songwriter, activist

Present
 Michael Palin, comedian, actor, writer and television presenter
 Alastair Campbell, British political aide and Labour Party strategist
 Fiona Millar, journalist
 Edith Bowman, radio DJ and television presenter

Cultural references
 "Parliament Hill Fields" is the title of a famous poem by John Betjeman, born in Gospel Oak. The poem describes a tram journey up Highgate Hill from Kentish Town ending near his home in Parliament Hill mansions, Gospel Oak.
 Gospel Oak is the title of a 1997 EP by Sinéad O'Connor, the cover of which depicts the railway arches of Gospel Oak station.
 Gospel Oak was described in the 1924 John Buchan novel The Three Hostages as "shabby gentility on the very brink of squalor."
 Gospel Oak is the setting of the 1987 television movie Mister Corbett's Ghost.
 Gospel Oak's St Martin's Church was used in the 1990s as the church for the wedding of Ricky and Bianca in BBC's soap opera EastEnders.
 The Gospel Oak area is featured in the 2006 film Notes on a Scandal, starring Judi Dench and Cate Blanchett.
 The Gospel Oak area was one of the locations for the 2010 Kelis music video "Scream".
 "Journeys from Gospel Oak" is a 1972 folk/rock album by Ian Matthews, former lead singer of Fairport Convention and Matthews Southern Comfort.

References

External links

Areas of London
Districts of the London Borough of Camden

Gospel Oak


Houdini es un álbum de estudio de la banda estadounidense Melvins, lanzado en 1993 por Atlantic Records. Fue el álbum debut de la banda para la importante discográfica, después de lanzar sus trabajos anteriores con el sello independiente Boner Records.

El álbum incluye un cover de Kiss llamado "Goin' Blind" de 1974. Las canciones "Honey Bucket" y "Hooch" fueron lanzadas como sencillo y con sus respectivos videos musicales, "Night Goat" es una regrabación de una canción que la banda había lanzado como sencillo en 1992, Kurt Cobain figura como coproductor en seis pistas junto a los Melvins, también se lleva los créditos por tocar la guitarra en "Sky Pup" y la percusión en "Spread Eagle Beagle".

El disco fue tocado en vivo y publicado en el álbum A Live History of Gluttony and Lust en 2006.

A pesar de los créditos del álbum Lorax parece no haber tocado en el álbum en absoluto. Osborne dijo que: "Este álbum es más que nada Dale Crover y yo, o tocaba el bajo yo o lo hacía el, fue así en casi todo el disco, sin importar lo que dicen los créditos ...".

En declaraciones a ! Kerrang en 2008, King Buzzo recordó:

Houdini fue el primer álbum que hicimos por Atlantic Records y desde luego nuestro disco con mayores ventas, aunque no tanto que yo podría poner un pago inicial de un nuevo Rolls o algo! Se apoderó de toda la ola de Nirvana cosas y estoy seguro de que si no fuera por eso, no habríamos tenido el interés de una de las principales en absoluto. Queríamos hacer un disco que no alienar a nuestros fanes, pero nosotros queríamos hacer una que nos gustaría. También sabíamos que estábamos no va a estar desempolvando un álbum de platino en el corto plazo, ¿sabes? Hicimos un montón de sesiones con Kurt Cobain [productores], pero llegamos al punto en el que estaba tan fuera de control que, básicamente, lo despidió y nos fuimos por caminos separados, lo cual es lamentable, porque creo que hubiera sido divertido. Obviamente que era un poco instantánea de lo que acabaría sucediendo y no tengo un montón de buenos recuerdos de eso - era una tragedia absoluta. Pero aun así, un montón de gente como ese registro - no es uno de mis favoritos, pero me gustan mucho las canciones en él. [ 2 ]

En 2005, el álbum fue interpretado en vivo en su totalidad como parte de la Partes de All Tomorrow -curated No mires atrás series, así como en San Miguel Primavera Sound en 2007 Otra presentación en vivo del álbum fue lanzado como una historia en vivo de La gula y la lujuria en 2006.

Aunque la lista notas del álbum Lorax como bajista de la banda, que no parece haber jugado en el álbum en absoluto. Dice Osborne: "Este álbum es principalmente sólo yo y Dale Crover . O yo tocaba el bajo o lo hizo en casi todo, independientemente de lo que digan los créditos ... " [ 3 ]

La canción Hooch está considerada como una de las mejores canciones de la década de Pitchfork Media en el libro The Pitchfork 500 : Nuestra Guía de las mejores canciones de Punk hasta el presente.

El arte de la portada presenta una ilustración de un perro de dos cabezas hecho por Frank Kozik.

Lista de canciones
Todas las canciones pertenecen a Melvins excepto donde lo indica.

Algunas copias en vinilo incluyen la canción "Rocket Reducer No. 62 (Rama Lama Fa Fa Fa)" originalmente por MC5 en lugar de "Spread Eagle Beagle". En la versión japonesa editada en CD incluye "Rocket Reducer No. 62 (Rama Lama Fa Fa Fa)" ubicada como track 14 luego de "Spread Eagle Beagle".

Personal
 The Melvins -  Productor, Mezcla
  King Buzzo - guitarra, bajo (sin acreditar), voz
  Lorax - bajo
  Dale - batería, bajo (sin acreditar), voz
  Billy Anderson -  ingeniero, bajo en tracks 6 y 10, mezclando
 Lobo Kesseler -  Segundo Ingeniero
  GGGarth Richardson - Mezcla
 Joe Márquez -  Segundo Ingeniero
 Kurt Cobain -  Productor tracks 1, 7, 8, 9, 12 y 13, guitarra en track 8,  percusión adicional en tracks 1 y 13
 Jonathan Burnside -  ingeniero
 Lou Oribin -  ingeniero
 Tom Doty -  Segundo Ingeniero
 Barrett Jones -  ingeniero
 Bill Bartell - bajo y Guitarra en track 4
 Al Smith -  percusión adicional en tracks 13, A & R
 Flexible Mike -  percusión adicional en track 13
 Don Lewis - fotografía
 Frank Kozik - Dirección de Arte, Ilustración
 Valerie Wagner - Dirección de Arte, Diseño
 Stephen Marcussen - Mastering

Curiosidades
 "Houdini" fue publicado el mismo día que Nirvana sacó a la venta In Utero, el esperado sucesor de Nevermind.

Véase también
 Discografía de Melvins

Fuentes
 Houdini Allmusic.

Referencias

Todo o parte de este artículo es un traducción de su versión en la Wikipedia en inglés

Álbumes de Melvins
Álbumes de 1993
Álbumes de Atlantic Records
Álbumes en inglés

Houdini (álbum)


Michael Angel Nava (born September 16, 1954) is an American attorney and writer. He has worked on the staff for the California Supreme Court, and ran for a Superior Court position in 2010. He authored a ten-volume mystery series featuring Henry Rios, an openly gay protagonist who is a criminal defense lawyer. His novels have received seven Lambda Literary Awards and critical acclaim in the GLBT and Latino communities.

Early life and family
Nava grew up in Gardenland, a predominantly working-class Mexican neighborhood in Sacramento, California that he described as "not as an American suburb at all, but rather as a Mexican village, transported perhaps from Guanajuato, where my grandmother's family originated, and set down lock, stock and chicken coop in the middle of California." His maternal family settled there in 1920 after escaping from the Mexican Revolution. Nava's grandmother was an "influential force" whose "piety and humility was highlighted by her Catholic beliefs."

At 12 years old, he started writing and it was also around that time he recognized that he was gay. He was the first person in his family to go to college; he attended Colorado College and "acquired a special affinity for literature and writing." He joined a group of young poets that included writer and humorist David Owen and the poet David Mason.  He graduated in 1976 cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts in History.

Nava received a Thomas J. Watson Fellowship, and spent the following year in Buenos Aires and Madrid where he worked on translations of works by Spanish-American poet Rubén Darío. After returning, he considered graduate education in English or History. He enrolled in Stanford Law School, and received his J.D. in 1981.

Legal career
Nava worked in the Los Angeles City Attorney's office, where he was a deputy attorney and prosecutor on about 50 jury trials. In 1985, he became an associate at the appellate boutique firm Horvitz & Levy, located in Encino, California. He then served as a judicial staff attorney for Arleigh Woods, the first female African-American appellate court justice in California, from 1986-1995. One of the cases he worked on was Jasperson v. Jessica's Nail Clinic in 1989, which resulted in the first published decision to uphold an HIV/AIDS anti-discrimination statute.

After Woods retired, Nava moved back to Northern California and settled in San Francisco. In 1999, he joined the staff of the California Supreme Court. In 2004, he became a judicial attorney for Carlos R. Moreno, who was the third Latino to ever sit on the California Supreme Court. Nava said "Judicial attorneys and law clerks can have a huge influence in shaping the direction of the law, but there are very few attorneys of color in those positions because they are mostly filled through the Old Boys Network. We need to establish our own network."

In 2002, Nava was given a Doctor of Humane Letters honorary degree from the Colorado College in recognition of his literary achievements.

From 2007 to 2009, he was a member of the State Bar of California's Council on Access and Fairness, which advises the State Bar's board of governors on diversity issues. In 2008, he wrote The Servant of All: Humility, Humanity, and Judicial Diversity, a law review article where he put forth the case for judicial diversity.

In 2010, Nava ran for Seat 15 of the San Francisco Superior Court. In the June election, he received a plurality of the votes, but the position required a majority. In the November run-off election with incumbent Richard Ulmer, he received 87,511 votes (46.83%) compared to Ulmer's 99,342 (53.17%).

Writing career
After graduating from Stanford Law School, Nava began writing his first novel. The Little Death features Henry Rios, an openly gay Latino criminal defense lawyer who worked in Los Angeles. He was inspired to create Rios because of a comment by author Toni Morrison about writing books that she wished she could have read when she was growing up. After the novel was rejected by thirteen publishers, it was picked up by Alyson Books, and published in 1986. His follow-up novel, Goldenboy, published in 1988, received critical acclaim by the New York Times which called him a "brilliant storyteller." From 1990-2000, Nava wrote five more Henry Rios books: How Town, The Hidden Law, The Death of Friends, The Burning Plain, and Rag and Bone. He received six Lambda Literary Awards. In 2001, he was awarded the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement from Publishing Triangle, a GLBT professional group within the publishing industry.

In 1994, he co-authored the book Created Equal: Why Gay Rights Matter to America.

After not having written any new novels since 2000, Nava announced in 2008 that he had drafted a new work, The Children of Eve, which was set in the Mexican Revolution. He based one of the main characters on his grandfather. The Children of Eve would later be redone as a quartet of historical fiction novels; the first book would be titled The City of Palaces.
In 2016, he published a revised version of the first Henry Rios novel, "The Little Death," which he retitled "Lay Your Sleeping Head." In 2018, he adapted the revised novel into season one of an audiodrama podcast called "The Henry Rios Mysteries Podcast." In 2019, he started his own small press, Persigo Press, with the goal of publishing a new edition of the existing Rios novels and to add new novels to the series. The first new novel, "Carved in Bone", was published in October 2019. Nava also announced he hoped to publish other LGBTQ writers and writers of color through Persigo Press.

Personal life
In October 2008, Nava married his partner George Herzog, an oncology nurse at the Veteran's Administration hospital in San Francisco. California Supreme Court justice Carlos R. Moreno presided over the ceremony. They live in Daly City, California.

Awards

Publications

Hometowns: Gay Men Write About Where They Belong (1991) - "Gardenland"
 Created Equal: Why Gay Rights Matter to America, with Robert Dawidoff (1994)
 A Member of the Family: Gay Men Write About Their Families (1994) - "Abuelo"
 Finale: Short Stories of Mystery and Suspense (1997) - editor
 Street People (2017)

Henry Rios series
 The Little Death (1986)
 Goldenboy (1988)
 Howtown (1990)
 The Hidden Law (1992)
 The Death of Friends (1996)
 The Burning Plain (1997)
 Rag and Bone (2001)
 Lay Your Sleeping Head (2016) (This was previously published in 1986 as 'The Little Death')
 Carved in Bone (2019)
 Lies With Man (2021)

The Children of Eve series
 The City of Palaces (2014)

Anthologies edited

 Finale: Stories of Mystery (1989)

Anthology contributions

 Certain Voices, edited by Darryl Pilcher (1991)
 Equality: What Do You Think About When You Think of Equality?, edited by Paul Alan Fahey (2017)

References

Further reading

  - (12.5 linear feet) are housed at the Charles E. Young Research Library at the University of California at Los Angeles.

External links

1954 births
Living people
American mystery writers
American gay writers
Lambda Literary Award winners
American LGBT lawyers
Writers from Stockton, California
Gay novelists
LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people
American LGBT novelists
LGBT people from California
American male novelists
American writers of Mexican descent
Writers from Sacramento, California
Stanford Law School alumni
Colorado College alumni
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American LGBT people
21st-century American lawyers

Michael Nava


Glazba u 1952. godini.

Svijet

Izdanja
Objavljeni studijski, koncertni i kompilacijski albumi, singlovi, maksi singlovi, EP-ovi.
Za poznate glazbenike koje su tad objavili djelo, ali nisu ga objavili nosaču zvuka kod izdavačke kuće, nego u vlastitom izdanju, to ulazi ovdje. Isto vrijedi i za one glazbenike koji (ni)su djelovali u doba kad nije bilo nosača zvuka, nego su djelo objavili u pisanom obliku.

Koncertne turneje
Održane koncertne turneje.

Istaknuti koncerti
Povijesno važni koncerti, prvi povijesni koncert nekog glazbenog subjekta ili posljednji (oproštajni) koncert nekog glazbenog subjekta.

Europska natjecanja
Europska glazbena natjecanja.

Osnivanja
Osnivanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, sastava, prvi glazbeni angažman, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, pokretanje glazbene manifestacije, izgradnja poznate koncertne dvorane ili otvaranje poznatog glazbenog kluba, pojava (nastanak ili dolakak) glazbenog pravca i sl.

Gašenja i raspuštanja
Gašenja ili preuzimanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, sastava, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, glazbene manifestacije, raspuštanja glazbenih subjekata i sl.

Rođenja
Rođenja poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.
 17. siječnja – Ryuichi Sakamoto
 4. travnja – Gary Moore
 6. travnja – Udo Dirkschneider
 10. travnja – Steven Seagal
 14. svibnja – David Byrne
 5. lipnja – Nicko McBrain
 17. srpnja – David Hasselhoff
 6. kolovoza – Vinnie Vincent
 9. rujna – David A.  Stewart
 12. rujna – Neil Peart, kanadski bubnjar, († 2020.)
 19. rujna – Nile Rodgers
 27. prosinca – David Knopfler

Smrti
Smrti poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.

Ostalo
Uvođenje novih nosača zvuka, medijskog servisa i distribucijskog kanala i sl.

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Kandidiranje za europska i svjetska natjecanja

Festivali

Nagrade

Izdanja
Objavljeni studijski, koncertni i kompilacijski albumi, singlovi, maksi singlovi, EP-ovi.
Za poznate glazbenike koje su tad objavili djelo, ali nisu ga objavili nosaču zvuka kod izdavačke kuće, nego u vlastitom izdanju, to ulazi ovdje. Isto vrijedi i za one glazbenike koji (ni)su djelovali u doba kad nije bilo nosača zvuka, nego su djelo objavili u pisanom obliku.

Osnivanja
Osnivanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, udruga, sastava, prvi glazbeni angažman, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, pokretanje glazbene manifestacije, izgradnja poznate koncertne dvorane ili otvaranje poznatog glazbenog kluba, pojava (nastanak ili dolakak) glazbenog pravca i sl.

Gašenja i raspuštanja
Gašenja ili preuzimanja poznatih izdavačkih kuća, sastava, glazbenih emisija na radiju, televiziji, glazbenih časopisa ili portala, glazbene manifestacije, raspuštanja glazbenih subjekata i sl.

Rođenja
Rođenja poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.

Smrti
Smrti poznatih glazbenika i osoba u svezi s glazbom.

Ostalo
Uvođenje novih nosača zvuka, medijskog servisa i distribucijskog kanala i sl.

Izvori

1952.
Godine 20. stoljeća

Glazba u 1952.


El Barlovento algarveño (Barlavento algarvio en portugués) es una región natural situada en la zona occidental de la provincia del Algarve, en el sur de Portugal.

El Barlovento es una de las dos regiones del Algarve. La otra es Sotavento algarveño, que designa la zona oriental del Algarve. Ambos términos se usan principalmente para el fomento turístico. Mientras el Barlavento tiene un clima más atlántico, Sotavento se caracteriza por ser de clima mediterráneo.

Los municipios de Barlovento son Albufeira, Aljezur, Lagoa, Lagos, Monchique, Portimão, Silves y Vila do Bispo.

Costas
La costa de Barlovento está protegida por el parque natural del Suroeste Alentejano y Costa Vicentina. Ésta se caracteriza por grandes acantilados como los de la Fortaleza de Sagres y formaciones rocosas y de vez en cuando alguna playa arenosa. El color de la arena va de amarillo a rojo.

Referencias

Véase también
 Sotavento
 Playa de Marinha
 Algarve

Enlaces externos

Algarve

Barlovento algarveño


Der selbstfahrende Lader T 170 wurde von 1957 bis 1962 im VEB Mähdrescherwerk Weimar produziert. Er wurde 1956 als universeller, für die Landwirtschaft bestimmter Lader mit Lasthaken- und Greiferbetrieb entwickelt, fand später aber auch in der Bauwirtschaft Verwendung. Der Lader wurde 1956 auf der agra in Markkleeberg als selbstfahrendes Ladegerät vorgestellt. Ausgestattet mit einem Dungkübel sollte das Gerät Dung von einer Schubstangenentmistungsanlage aufnehmen und auf der Dungplatte ablegen, oder mit einem Greifer ausgerüstet Ackerwagen mit Dung beladen.

Der Unterwagen besteht aus einer geschweißten Blechprofilkonstruktion. Die Lenkung erfolgt über zwei einstellbare Spurstangen, die im Selbstfahrbetrieb über einen Stecker mit der Lenkung verbunden werden. Der T 170 hat vier ungefederte Einzelräder. Der Antriebsstrang verläuft über eine Königswelle zu einem Untersetzungsgetriebe weiter über eine Rollenkette zu dem mit den Halbachsen verbundenen Ausgleichsgetriebe. Die Eigenfahrgeschwindigkeit liegt bei nur 3,5 km/h. Mit einer Schleppstange durfte das Gerät mit maximal 20 km/h bewegt werden.

Der aus einem geschweißten Profilrahmen bestehende Oberwagen ruht 360° drehbar auf dem Kugelkranz. Auf der Oberwagenplattform liegen sämtliche Antriebselemente, Hub-, Dreh- und Einziehwerk, die Fahrerkabine mit den Bedienelementen und die Lager für den Ausleger. Der gabelförmige, aus zwei Rohrholmen bestehende Ausleger hat eine Länge von 6,3 Metern und ist drehbar am vorderen Teil der Plattform angebracht. Die Traglast beträgt 0,8 Tonnen.

In der Serienproduktion wurde zunächst der wassergekühlte Einzylinder-Dieselmotor  des VEB Elbewerk Roßlau mit einer Leistung von 10 PS verbaut; später kam der 13 PS leistende luftgekühlte Zweizylinder-Dieselmotor GD 2 des VEB Robur-Werke Zittau zum Einsatz, der als  ab 1967 im VEB Motorenwerk Cunewalde weitergebaut wurde. Der T 170 konnte mit einem 50 Meter langen Seil zum ziehen von Loren verwendet werden. Er kostete 20.000 Mark und es wurden 3.811 Stück gebaut. Er wurde durch den T 172 abgelöst, der äußerlich dem T 170 ähnelte, jedoch über eine höhere Hublast, Ausladung und Motorleistung verfügte.

Literatur
 Walter Lütche: Giganten der Arbeit – 40 Jahre Fahrzeugkranbau in der DDR, KM-Verlags GmbH Griesheim, 2003 ISBN 3-934518-05-2
 Ralf Christian Kunkel: DDR Baumaschinen 1945–1990, Motorbuch Verlag 2010 ISBN 978-3-613-03032-9
 Horst Hintersdorf: Typenkompass DDR-Traktoren und Landmaschinen 1945–1990, Motorbuch Verlag 2007 ISBN 978-3-613-02782-4

Weblinks

 Fotos des T 170 auf Weimar-Werk.de

Mobilbagger
Landwirtschaftliches Fahrzeug
Fahrzeugkran

T 170


පස්සර යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, ඌව පළාතේ බදුල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය තුල පිහිටා ඇති සුළු නගරයකි. නගරය පේරාදෙණිය-බදුල්ල-චෙන්කලඩි මාර්ගයේ, බදුල්ල සිට  පමණ දුරින් පිහිටා තිබේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

බදුල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කය

පස්සර


إكسترا إي إيه-300  هي طائرة استعراض جوي أحادية السطح. الطائرة من صنع شركة إكسترا فلوكزوكباو الألمانية، وقد تم تصميمها في عام 1987 من قبل وولتر إكسترا الحائز على عددة جوائز في الطيران الاستعراضي.

وصلات خارجية
موقع شركة إكسترا لطائرات (بالإنجليزية)

مراجع

معدات هبوط تقليدية
طائرات استعراض جوي
طائرات استعراضية
طائرات إكسترا
طائرات بمحرك واحد جرار
طائرات ذات أجنحة وسطية
طائرات رياضية ألمانية 1980–1989

إكسترا إي إيه-300


Karacaören, Çorum ilinin Mecitözü ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Karacaviran olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 18 km, Mecitözü ilçe merkezine 17 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Mecitözü belde ve köyleri

Karacaören, Mecitözü


Hrvatska liga u boćanju za muškarce za sezonu 2016./17.
Prvak "Prve lige" je bio "Zrinjevac" iz Zagreba.

Prva liga

 Izvori:
 Boćarski savez Splitsko-dalmatinske županije, "Bilten natjecanja za 2017."
 hrvatski-bocarski-savez.hr
 bocanje-ibs.hr
 bocarski-klub-zrinjevac.hr

Unutarnje poveznice
 Prvenstva Hrvatske u boćanju

Vanjske poveznice
 hrvatski-bocarski-savez.hr
 bocanje-ibs.hr, Istarski Boćarski Savez
 bocarski-savez-pgz.hr, Boćarski savez Primorsko-goranske županije
 Boćarski savez Splitsko-dalmatinske županije

Izvori

2016-17

Hrvatska boćarska liga 2016./17.


() is a Latin phrase that means "first, do no harm". The phrase is sometimes recorded as .

Non-maleficence, which is derived from the maxim, is one of the principal precepts of bioethics that all students in healthcare are taught in school and is a fundamental principle throughout the world. Another way to state it is that, "given an existing problem, it may be better not to do something, or even to do nothing, than to risk causing more harm than good." It reminds healthcare personnel to consider the possible harm that any intervention might do. It is invoked when debating the use of an intervention that carries an obvious risk of harm but a less certain chance of benefit.

Non-maleficence is often contrasted with its corollary, beneficence.

Origin
The origin of the phrase is uncertain. Some early versions of the Hippocratic Oath include the promise "to abstain from doing harm" () but do not include the precise phrase. Perhaps the closest approximation in the Hippocratic Corpus is in Epidemics: "The physician must ... have two special objects in view with regard to disease, namely, to do good or to do no harm" (book I, sect. 11, trans. Adams, ).

According to Gonzalo Herranz, Professor of Medical Ethics at the University of Navarre, Primum non nocere was introduced into American and British medical culture by Worthington Hooker in his 1847 book Physician and Patient. Hooker attributed it to the Parisian pathologist and clinician Auguste François Chomel (1788–1858), the successor of Laennec in the chair of medical pathology, and the preceptor of Pierre Louis. Apparently, the axiom was part of Chomel's oral teaching. Hooker, however, was quoting an earlier work by Elisha Bartlett who, on pages 288–289, says "The golden axiom of Chomel, that it is only the second law of therapeutics to do good, its first law being this – not to do harm – is gradually finding its way into the medical mind, preventing an incalculable amount of positive ill."

However, Hooker used neither the specific expression, nor the traditional Latin phrase. A detailed investigation of the origins of the aphorism was reported by the clinical pharmacologist Cedric M. Smith in the April 2005 issue of The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. It addresses the questions of the origin and chronology of appearance of the maxim. Rather than being of ancient origin as usually assumed, the specific expression, and its even more distinctive associated Latin phrase, has been traced back to an attribution to Thomas Sydenham (1624–1689) in a book by Thomas Inman (1860), Foundation for a New Theory and Practice of Medicine. Inman's book and his attribution were reviewed by an author who signed simply as "H. H." in The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, also in 1860. An American surgeon, L.A. Stimson, used the expression in 1879 and again in 1906 (in the same journal). That it was in common use by the 20th century is apparent from later mentions, such as by the prominent obstetrician J. Whitridge Williams in 1911, as well as detailed discussion of its use in a popular book authored by Dr. Morris Fishbein, editor of The Journal of the American Medical Association in 1930.

The article also reviews the various uses of the now popular aphorism, its limitations as a moral injunction, and its increasingly frequent use in a variety of contexts.

See also

 Ahimsa
 Cobra effect
 Ethics
 Harm principle
 Meta-ethics
 Non-aggression principle
 Non-violence
 Nursing ethics
 Physician, heal thyself
 Principle of double effect
 Principlism
...First Do No Harm

References

External links
 Article presenting various views on the principle of "Do no harm"

Ethical principles
Medical ethics
Latin medical words and phrases
History of ancient medicine
Nursing ethics

Primum non nocere


Las elecciones estatales de Baja California Sur de 1999 se realizaron el domingo 7 de febrero de 1999 y en ellas se renovaron los siguientes cargos de elección popular del estado mexicano de Baja California Sur:

 Gobernador de Baja California Sur. Titular del Poder Ejecutivo del estado, electo para un periodo de seis años, sin derecho a reelección. El candidato electo fue Leonel Cota Montaño.
 21 diputados del Congreso del Estado. 15 electos por mayoría relativa y 6 designados mediante representación proporcional para integrar la IX Legislatura.
 5 ayuntamientos. Compuestos por un presidente municipal y sus regidores, electos para un periodo de tres años.
La coalición que participó en el estado fue "Coalición Democrática y del Trabajo".

Organización

Partidos políticos
En las elecciones estatales tienen derecho a participar siete partidos políticos. Seis son partidos políticos con registro nacional: Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD), Partido del Trabajo (PT), Partido Verde Ecologista de México (PVEM), y Partido Popular Socialista (PPS), y un partido político estatal: Movimiento de Renovación Política Sudcaliforniana (MRPS).

Distritos electorales
Para la elección de diputados de mayoría relativa del Congreso del Estado de Baja California Sur el estado se divide en 15 distritos electorales.

Resultados

Gobernador

Resultados por Distrito Local

Resultados por Municipio

Ayuntamientos

Ayuntamiento de Comondú

Ayuntamiento de La Paz

Ayuntamiento de Loreto

Ayuntamiento de Los Cabos

Ayuntamiento de Mulegé

Resultados por Distrito Local

Resultados por Municipio

Congreso del Estado de Baja California Sur

Distrito I (La Paz)

Distrito II (La Paz)

Distrito III (La Paz)

Distrito IV (La Paz)

Distrito V (La Paz)

Distrito VI (Todos Santos)

Distrito VII (San José del Cabo)

Distrito VIII (Cabo San Lucas)

Distrito IX (Ciudad Constitución)

Distrito X (Ciudad Constitución)

Distrito XI (Ciudad Insurgentes)

Distrito XII (Loreto)

Distrito XIII (Santa Rosalía)

Distrito XIV (Guerrero Negro)

Distrito XV (Bahía Tortugas)

Resultados por Distrito Local

Resultados por Municipio

Véase también
 Elecciones estatales de México
 Baja California Sur

Referencias

1999
Baja California Sur

Elecciones estatales de Baja California Sur de 1999


30773 Schelde este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
30773 Schelde este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Smolyan de Eric Walter Elst. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,36 ua, o excentricitate de 0,23 și o înclinație de 25,6° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 30001-31000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1986
Centura de asteroizi

30773 Schelde


Antonio Flórez Urdapilleta (Vigo, 1877-Madrid, 1941) fue un arquitecto español, conocido por haber sistematizado el diseño y construcción de grupos escolares. Esta producción arquitectónica prolífica a comienzos del  le confiere la fama de "arquitecto de colegios". Fue catedrático de la Escuela de Madrid. Era hijo del también arquitecto Justino Flórez Llamas.

Biografía
Finalizó en 1904 sus estudios de la carrera de arquitectura en Madrid. Uno de los profesores que más le influyó en este periodo fue Ricardo Velázquez Bosco; fue además alumno predilecto de Manuel Bartolomé Cossío.  Ganó en 1908 la primera medalla a la Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes. Estuvo pensionado en Roma y otros países como Austria, donde colaboró con Otto Wagner. Suyo sería el proyecto inicial de la Residencia de Estudiantes, en Madrid.

Autor de característicos grupos escolares en Madrid como el Colegio Cervantes, en Chamberí, que sigue el estilo neomudéjar que le caracterizó siempre, en 1920, durante el Reinado de Alfonso XIII fue elegido  director del Departamento de Construcciones Escolares del Ministerio de Instrucción Pública. Su obra en este campo, que se prolongó hasta su destitución en 1937 por le gobierno de la Segunda República Española se caracteriza por un nuevo modelo estético, integrando tradición y vanguardia, sirviendo a la vez como soporte a la renovación pedagógica impulsada por la Institución Libre de Enseñanza, de la que él mismo había sido alumno y a cuyos postulados fue siempre fiel.

El modelo de complejo escolar de Antonio Flórez se caracteriza por sus construcciones austeras en sus formas y tradicionales en los materiales, concebidas como casas para los niños, adaptadas a una vida sana, con grandes pabellones lineales, y las aulas de grandes ventanales orientadas al norte para garantizar una iluminación constante, mientras que los espacios colectivos miran al sur, completándose con amplios corredores para trabajos prácticos o juegos y terrazas-solárium superiores.

Realizó obras de rehabilitación del Teatro Real de Madrid en 1926, consistentes en reemplazar la cubierta por otra de hormigón armado. Construyó para el Ayuntamiento de Madrid seis grupos escolares de nueva planta: Jaime Vera, Menéndez Pelayo, Joaquín Costa, Concepción Arenal, Pérez Galdós y Pardo Bazán. También construyó varios colegios en la provincia de Jaén, como en 1927 el Grupo Escolar General Fresneda, en Jódar. Nombrado Académico de la Real de Bellas Artes de San Fernando en 1930, tomó posesión de su plaza en 1933. En 1937 es destituido de todos sus cargos por el gobierno de la República. Al finalizar la guerra civil es separado de su cargo de arquitecto jefe de Construcciones Escolares por el gobierno del general Franco. Desde entonces su actividad profesional se circunscribe a docencia en la Escuela Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid. Murió en Madrid a los 63 años de edad.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Plan de construcciones escolares de 1922 para Madrid. El caso del grupo Menéndez Pelayo. III Foro Ibérico de Museísmo Pedagógico – V Jornadas Científicas. Murcia 2012.

Arquitectos de España del siglo XX
Arquitectos de España del siglo XIX
Arquitectos de Galicia
Académicos de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
Residencia de Estudiantes
Pensionados de la JAE
Nacidos en Vigo
Fallecidos en Madrid

Antonio Flórez Urdapilleta


NGC 5813 est une galaxie elliptique située dans la constellation de la Vierge. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . NGC 5813 a été découverte par l'astronome germano-britannique William Herschel en 1786.

NGC 5813 a été utilisée par Gérard de Vaucouleurs comme une galaxie de type morphologique E1-2 dans son atlas des galaxies.

NGC 5813 est une galaxie LINER, c'est-à-dire une galaxie dont le noyau présente un spectre d'émission caractérisé par de larges raies d'atomes faiblement ionisés.

À ce jour, 17 mesures non basées sur le décalage vers le rouge (redshift) donnent une distance de , ce qui est à l'intérieur des valeurs de la distance de Hubble.

NGC 5813 et NGC 5814 sont rapprochées sur la sphère céleste, mais elles ne forment pas une paire réelle de galaxies, car NGC 5814 est à plus de  d'années-lumière plus éloignée.

Groupe d'IC 1066
Selon Abraham Mahtessian, NGC 5813 fait partie d'un groupe de galaxies qui compte 15 membres, le groupe d'IC 1066. IC 1066 n'est ni la plus brillante ni la plus grosse galaxie du groupe, mais c'est la première galaxie de la liste de Mahtessian. Plusieurs des galaxies de cette liste se trouvent dans d'autres groupes décrits par d'autres sources, dont NGC 5813 dans le groupe de NGC 5846. Les membres du groupe selon l'ordre décrit pas Mahtessian sont : IC 1066,IC 1067, NGC 5770, NGC 5774, NGC 5775, NGC 5806, NGC 5813, NGC 5831, NGC 5839, NGC 5838, NGC 5845, NGC 5846, NGC 5854, NGC 5864 et NGC 5869.

Le groupe de d'IC 1066 fait partie de l'amas de la Vierge III.

Groupe de NGC 5846
Selon A. M. Garcia NGC 5813 fait partie du groupe de NGC 5846. Ce groupe de galaxies compte neuf membres. Les huit autres galaxies du groupe sont NGC 5831, NGC 5846, NGC 5854, NGC 5864, NGC 5869, UGC 9746, UGC 9760 et UGC 9751. Richard Powell mentionne aussi le groupe de NGC 5846 sur son site avec les mêmes neuf galaxies, mais il ajoute NGC 5846A (PGC 53930). Le groupe de NGC 5846 fait partie de l'amas de la Vierge III.

Notons que cinq des galaxies du groupe de NGC 5846 font partie d'un groupe plus vaste décrit par Abraham Mahtessian dans un article publié en 1998, le groupe d'IC 1066. Il s'agit de NGC 5813, NGC 5831, NGC 5846, NGC 5864 et NGC 5864. Comme on peut le constater, les regroupements varient d'un auteur à l'autre, car il n'y a pas de critères fixes pour construire ceux-ci.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du New General Catalogue

Liens externes

 NGC 5813 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

5813
Constellation de la Vierge
Galaxie elliptique
Galaxie LINER
Objet céleste découvert en 1786
Objet céleste découvert par William Herschel

NGC 5813


ගීසා පිරමීඩ සංකීර්ණය යනු ඊජිප්තුවේ කයිරෝ නුවරට ආසන්නයේ පිහිටි ගීසා සානුවේ ඇති පුරාවිද්‍යා බිමකි.

ආශ්‍රිත
 ගීසාහී මහා පිරමිඩය

පිරමීඩ
ඊජිප්තුව

ගීසා පිරමීඩ සංකීර්ණය


කාල් මාක්ස් විසින් හේගල්ගේ ගැටුම් න්‍යාය අධ්‍යයනය කර එය ඔස්සේ සමාජ වෙනස් වීම පැහැදිලි කිරීමට උත්සාහ ගෙන ඇත.

ගැටුම් වාදී න්‍යාය කාල් මාක්ස්


Írska fríríkið (enska: Irish Free State; írska: Saorstát Éireann) var stjórnskipulag Írlands (að undanskildu Norður-Írlandi) frá 1921 til 1937.

Söguágrip
Írska fríríkið var stofnsett með ensk-írska sáttmálanum sem leiðtogar írsku sjálfstæðishreyfingarinnar sömdu um við bresk stjórnvöld árið 1921 við lok írska sjálfstæðisstríðsins. Með sáttmálanum fékk Írland, sem hafði verið bresk hjálenda sem hluti af hinu sameinaða konungsríki Stóra-Bretlands og Írlands, aukið sjálfræði sem sjálfstjórnarumdæmi í sambandi við bresku krúnuna.

Ensk-írski sáttmálinn fól í sér að Norður-Írland var klofið frá fríríkinu og var áfram hluti af breska konungdæminu. Skilmálar sáttmálans kváðu jafnframt á um að írskir þingmenn og aðrir embættismenn yrðu áfram að sverja Bretakonungi hollustueið við embættistöku sína. Róttækir sjálfstæðissinnar, sem höfðu viljað stefna að stofnun lýðveldis á Írlandi, voru afar ósáttir við þessa skilmála. Deilur um ensk-írska sáttmálann leiddu til írsku borgarastyrjaldarinnar sem háð var á milli fríríkisins og lýðveldissinna árin 1922 til 1923. Lýðveldissinnar báðu ósigur í borgarastríðinu og fríríkið var því staðfest sem fyrsta stjórnskipan hins nýsjálfstæða Írlands.

Í fyrstu héldu lýðveldissinnar innan gamla írska sjálfstæðisflokksins Sinn Féin þá stefnu að taka ekki við þingsætum sem þeir unnu á írska þinginu til að forðast að þurfa að sverja Bretakonungi hollustueið. Árið 1926 ákvað lýðveldissinninn Éamon de Valera hins vegar að kljúfa sig úr Sinn Féin og stofna nýjan flokk, Fianna Fáil, með það að markmiði að taka sæti á þingi og vinna innan vébanda fríríkisins við að slíta smám saman tengslum við bresku krúnuna og breyta Írlandi í lýðveldi.

Fianna Fáil vann sigur í þingkosningum fríríkisins árið 1932 og de Valera varð forsætisráðherra. Ríkisstjórn Fianna Fáil hófst handa við að fella smám saman úr gildi öll lagaákvæði sem tengdu Írland við bresku krúnuna, þar á meðal ákvæðin sem skylduðu þingmenn til að sverja konungi hollustueið.

Árið 1936, á meðan stjórnarkreppa ríkti í Bretlandi vegna afsagnar Játvarðar 8. Bretlandskonungs, greip de Valera tækifærið og kynnti nýja stjórnarskrá þar sem allar vísanir til konungsins voru þurrkaðar út og innlendur forseti kom í stað landstjóra sem æðsti maður ríkisins.

Lagaleg staða konungsins var þó óskýr á næstu árum og ekki var með öllu ljóst hvort konungur eða forseti væri eiginlegur þjóðhöfðingi Írlands. Samkvæmt lögum gegndi konungur Bretlands enn mikilvægu hlutverki í írskum utanríkismálum næstu árin, en þó aðeins samkvæmt ráðleggingu írsku ríkisstjórnarinnar. Þótt fríríkið væri þar með í reynd liðið undir lok var það ekki fyrr en árið 1949 sem stjórn Írlands lýsti formlega yfir stofnun lýðveldis og sagði upp utanríkissamningi sínum við Bretakonung. Þar með var síðustu ítökum Bretlands í suðurhluta Írlands slitið.

Tilvísanir

Fyrrum Evrópuríki
Saga Írlands

Írska fríríkið


A Marinha dos Estados Unidos teve quatro navios chamados USS Vincennes:

 : uma chalupa de guerra que serviu de 1826 a 1865.
 : um cruzador pesado da  que serviu de 1937 a 1942.
 : um cruzador rápido da  que serviu de 1944 a 1946.
 : um cruzador de mísseis guiados da  que serviu de 1985 a 2005.

USS Vincennes


Un actor grăbit este un disc single cu care solista de muzică pop rock Laura Stoica a debutat discografic în anul 1992. Materialul a fost tipărit în aproximativ 800 de exemplare și reprezintă unul dintre ultimele discuri de vinil în format mic (17 cm) lansate pe piața muzicală românească. Prima față a discului conține piesa "Un actor grăbit", desemnată melodia anului 1991 în România, iar pe fața a doua se găsește piesa "Dă, Doamne, cântec" cu care artista s-a lansat la Festivalul de la Mamaia în 1990.

Piese
 Un actor grăbit (Bogdan Cristinoiu / Andreea Andrei)
 Dă, Doamne, cântec (Viorel Gavrilă / Eugen Rotaru)

Personal
 Laura Stoica – vocal
 Alin Constanțiu – saxofon (1)
 Laurențiu Cazan – chitară acustică (1)
 Eugen Tegu – bas (1)
 Bogdan Cristinoiu – claviaturi, programări digitale (1)

Piesa "Un actor grăbit" a fost înregistrată și mixată de Bogdan Cristinoiu la studioul Accord din București. Materialul a fost masterizat de Ion Frățilă la studioul Tomis al Electrecord. Copertă realizată de Gabriel Cringloska.

Bibliografie
 Pagina discului single Un actor grăbit pe site-ul oficial Laura Stoica
 Pagina discului single Un actor grăbit pe site-ul Discogs.com
 Coperte disc single Un actor grăbit (Romagram, 1992)
 Caraman Fotea, Daniela și Nicolau, Cristian. Dicționar rock, pop, folk... remix (ediția a II-a), Editura Humanitas Educațional, București, 2003. ISBN 973-50-0355-4

Albume de Laura Stoica
Discuri single din 1992
Albume pop
Albume de muzică ușoară
Discuri single de debut

Un actor grăbit


Der SV Mitterteich ist ein Sportverein aus der Oberpfälzer Stadt Mitterteich.

Geschichte
Der Verein wurde 1919 gegründet. 1920 wurden erste Spiele bestritten. Nach der Fahnenweihe 1922 wurde der Spielbetrieb dann 1927/1928 aufgrund von Meinungsverschiedenheiten innerhalb der aktiven Spieler eingestellt.

Seine Wiedergeburt erlebte der Verein am 9. Januar 1932 als bei der erneuten Gründungsversammlung ca. 50 Personen eine neue Vorstandschaft mit Richard Schubert an der Spitze wählten. Am 15. Mai 1932 folgte der Platzneubau auf dem Höftmann-Gelände an der Marktredwitzer Straße. Bis zum Kriegsbeginn im Sommer 1942 folgten sportliche Erfolge wie der Aufstieg in die Bezirksliga sowie Siege gegen den FC Bayern Hof und den 1. FC Bayreuth.

1945 wurde der Spielbetrieb in der untersten Liga wieder aufgenommen. Die Vorstandschaft bildeten Paul Werner und Josef Artmann.

1948/1949 wurde der Verein von der Porzellan AG Mitterteich übernommen und erhielt den Namen BSG Zehendner Mitterteich. Im selben Jahr gelang der Aufstieg in die damalige 4. Liga, die Landesliga Süd. Bis 1959 spielte man in der Landesliga, doch als es mit der Porzellanfabrik wirtschaftlich bergab ging, folgte auch beim BSG Zehendner das Ende. 1959 folgte der Abstieg. Der Verein war kurz vor der Auflösung.

Einen Meilenstein gab es 1968/1969 zu verzeichnen, als die Fahnenweihe und das 50-jährige Vereinsjubiläum gefeiert wurde. Auch sportlich ging es nun wieder bergauf, weshalb die Mannschaft in der Saison 1970/1971 den Wiederaufstieg in die Bezirksliga Oberfranken Ost feiern konnte.

Am 27. Juni 1974 folgte die Gründung der Sparte Tennis. In den darauffolgenden Jahren wurden zwei Hartplätze und sechs Sandplätze errichtet. Darüber hinaus erbaute man ein Vereinsheim und eine Tennishalle mit zwei Hartplätzen und zwei Kegelbahnen.

1987/1988 gründete man die Sparte Kegeln.

Der große Wurf gelang 1989, als man den Trainer Horst Will verpflichtete und im selben Jahr in die Landesliga Nord aufstieg.

Eine neue Ära wurde am 22. Juli 1997 eingeläutet, als sich Roland Eckert und Rainer Heinrich bereiterklärten, den SVM ins neue Jahrtausend zu führen. Der SV Mitterteich wurde bayerischer Vizemeister im Hallenfußball.

2000 konnte dann der Aufstieg in die Landesliga folgen, als man gegen den SV Hallstadt durch ein Last-Minute-Tor von Markus Siller 1:0 gewann. 2004 wurde das mittlerweile marode Vereinsheim renoviert. Im selben Jahr folgte im Jugendbereich der Zusammenschluss des SV Mitterteich, ATS Mitterteich und des TSV Konnersreuth, woraus die JFG FC Stiftland folgte.

Im Jubiläumsjahr 2009 schaffte man einen vierten Platz in der Landesliga Nord. Seit 2012/2013 spielt die erste Mannschaft in der Landesliga Mitte und die zweite Mannschaft unverändert in der Kreisliga Marktredwitz. 2012 bestritt man vor 1860 Zuschauern ein Freundschaftsspiel gegen den TSV 1860 München, welches man mit 0:10 verlor. Den Medienhauscup 2013 konnte man in einem Herzschlagfinale gegen die SpVgg Bayreuth mit 2:1 gewinnen.

Mitglieder

Ehrenmitglieder
 Anton Lenk
 Anton Summer
 Jakob Süß
 Josef Zintl
 Heinz Schönberger
 Erich Ottlinger
 Johann Zeus
 Axel Höftmann
 Herrmann Gold
 Hans Rüth
 Rainer Heinrich

Ehrenvorstände
 Franz Zehendner
 Dr. Oswald Krämer
 Willi-Karl Höftmann

Ehrenspielführer
 Hilmar Zangl
 Roland Gareis
 Markus Siller

Vorstände
 1919–1927 Otto Richter
 1927–1933 Richard Schubert
 1933–1934 Walter Tschirn
 1934–1937 Martin Zehendner
 1937–1939 Franz Zehendner
 1945–1946 Paul Werner
 1946–1947 Martin Zehendner
 1947–1959 Franz Zehendner
 1959–1983 Dr. Oswald Krämer
 1983–1990 Willi Karl Höftmann
 1990–1997 Josef Weiß
 seit 1997 Roland Eckert

Erfolge
 Aufstieg in die 1. Amateurliga: 1953
 Aufstieg in die Landesliga Bayern Nord: 1989, 2000
 Bayerischer Vizemeister in der Halle
 Sieger des Medienhauscups 2013

Weblinks
 Website des Vereins

Mitterteich
Mitterteich
Mitterteich, SV
Sv
Gegründet 1919
Sport (Mitterteich)

SV Mitterteich


Hırka, Sakarya ilinin Geyve ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Sakarya il merkezine 39 km, Geyve ilçesine 4 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

 Yerelnet

Geyve'nin mahalleleri

Hırka, Geyve


An enemy of the state is a person accused of political crimes against the state, such as treason. In designating certain persons and organizations as enemies of the state, the government can realize the political repression of political opponents, such as dissidents; thus a government can justify political repression as protecting the national security of the country and the nation.

Examples

Political
 In ancient Rome, some parties could be named an enemy of the state through specific public actions resulting in a formally recognized state of war. The Latin term proscription was used for official condemnation of enemies of the state.
 The term "enemy of the people" in the Soviet Union during the period of Stalinism.
 Communists were considered as enemies of the state in Indonesia since 1965. Displaying communist symbols or attempting to propagate the ideology is considered an act of high treason and terrorism punishable by up to 20 years of imprisonment.
 Jews, Romani people, Jehovah's Witnesses, homosexuals, disabled, communists, social democrats and trade unionists were considered "enemies of the state" in Nazi Germany.
 Carlos Lamarca, a Brazilian Army Captain who deserted to become the leader of a left-wing guerrilla against the military dictatorship; Lamarca was the only man in the history of Brazil to receive the status of traitor, being considered an "enemy of the state".
 Leaker of classified U.S. military documents and diplomatic cables Chelsea Manning was charged with "aiding the enemy" (identified as al-Qaeda).
 Edward Snowden, the American computer specialist who leaked details of top-secret United States and British government mass surveillance programs to the press, has been discussed by opinion writers as being persecuted as an enemy of the state.
 Human rights defenders working on behalf of communities affected by large-scale development projects are increasingly branded as enemies of the state.
 Clive Palmer, an Australian mining magnate, was labelled as such by Mark McGowan, the Premier of Western Australia, when Palmer sued the Western Australian government for not allowing him free entry into the state during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns.

Biography
 Justin Raimondo's biography of Murray Rothbard, An Enemy of the State: The Life of Murray N. Rothbard.
 Bill Lueders' biography of Erwin Knoll, An Enemy of the State: The Life of Erwin Knoll.

Fictional
 The fictional character Peter LaNague in the novel An Enemy of the State (The LaNague Federation, Book 1) by F. Paul Wilson.
 The fictional character Emmanuel Goldstein in the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell.
 In Resident Evil: Damnation, special agent Leon S. Kennedy is accused of being an enemy of the state by President of the Eastern Slav Republic Svetlana Belikova who orders her guards to kill him right after she briefly spars in one-on-one combat with him.
 The six main characters in Final Fantasy XIII are branded as enemies of the state following the destruction of Cocoon; the main events of the game revolve around them trying to survive and hopefully clear their names.
 Tali'Zorah is accused of treason during her personal quest in Mass Effect 2.
 In the NCIS: New Orleans episode "Breaking Brig", the team hunt down a suspect known as "Matt S. O'Feeney", which was an anagram for eneMy OF State. The suspect was a dangerous man wanted by NCIS and Interpol for illegal arms dealing and other criminal activities.

See also
 Enemy of the people
 Public enemy

References

Political repression
Political repression in China
Political repression in Cuba
Political repression in North Korea
Political repression in the Soviet Union
Political repression in Vietnam

Enemy of the state


Máscara contra Caballero  é uma série de televisão mexicana produzida pela BTF Media para a The Walt Disney Company. Dirigida por Alfonso Pineda Ulloa, a série acompanha um cantor popular de sucesso que leva uma vida dupla como lutador mascarado, e uma repórter de entretenimento com a missão de destruí-lo. Estreou em 19 de abril de 2023 no Star+.

Sinopse
Alex Gorostiza (Luis Ernesto Franco) é um famoso e carismático cantor mexicano conhecido como "O Cavaleiro da Eletro-cumbia", que, após um confuso episódio, é obrigado a se passar por um lutador mascarado conhecido como "El Manchas". Além de ter que lidar com essa nova e complexa vida dupla como ídolo da música e figura da luta livre, Alex precisa lidar com a perseguição de Brenda (Paola Fernández), uma jornalista de um veículo de fofocas que, por ordens de seu chefe, deve expor a vida de Alex, sem saber que ela acabará se tornando o amor da vida do cantor e lutador mascarado.

Elenco
 Luis Ernesto Franco como Alex Gorostiza
 Paola Fernández como Brenda Paravia
 Pamela Almanza como Carol Schneider
 Nicolasa Ortíz Monasterio como Rosa La Espinosa
 Enoc Leaño como Willy
 Úrsula Pruneda Queta González
 Mauricio Garza como Jaime
 Fernando Memije como Isaías Robles
 Alfonso Borbolla como La Helenoida
 Carmen Muga como Lolititita
 Mauricio Barrientos como Vicente
 Moisés Arizmendi como Darío
 Eduardo Arroyuelo como Ábrego
 Marco Treviño como Executivo de TV

Episódios

Produção
A série foi anunciada em junho de 2021 como um dos conteúdos originais que fariam parte do catálogo do serviço de streaming Star+. Em 26 de outubro de 2021 foi anunciado o fim das gravações da série, que estava prevista para estrear em 2022.

Lançamento
Máscara contra Cabellero estreou na América Latina como uma série original no Star+ em 19 de abril de 2023. Também foi lançada no mesmo dia nos Estados Unidos através do Hulu e internacionalmente no Disney+ através do hub de conteúdo Star.

Referências

Ligações externas

Programas de televisão do México que estrearam em 2023
Séries de televisão de comédia da década de 2020
Séries de televisão de comédia do México
Séries de televisão de esportes
Programas de televisão em língua espanhola
Programação original do Star+

Máscara contra Caballero


Atractosteus es un género de pejelagartos de la familia Lepisosteidae.

Especies
Se reconocen las tres especies siguientes:
 Atractosteus spatula (Lacépède, 1803) (catán)
 Atractosteus tristoechus (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Manjuarí o catán Cubano)
 Atractosteus tropicus (Gill, 1863) (pejelagarto)
Además de una especie extinta:

 Atractosteus straussi

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Lepisosteidae
Géneros de peces

Atractosteus


බරණැස් නුවර අසළ පිහිටි මෙකල සාරානාථ නමින් හඳුන්වනු ලබන ඉසිපතනයේදී බුදුන් වහන්සේ විසින්  පස්වග මහණුන් උදෙසා පවත්වන ලද පළමු වැනි දේශනාවටම ඇතුළත් වූ චතුරාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය බුදු දහමේ හදවතය. එසේ වන්නේ බුදු දහමේ මූලික අරමුණ වන නිර්වාණය අවබෝධ කර ගැනීම යනු චතුරාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය ධර්මය අවබෝධ කර ගැනීමම වන බැවිනි.
"මහණෙනි , මෙම චතුරාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය ධර්මය අවබෝධ නොකිරීමේ හේතුවෙන් මටත් ඔබටත් බොහෝ කලක් සසර සැරිසරන්නට සිදු විය."
බෞද්ධ දර්ශනයට අනුව මෙම සත්‍යය මෙලොවදීම ප්‍රත්‍ය‍ක්‍ෂ කළ හැකිය.

 දුක පිලිබඳ උතුම් සත්‍යයය (දුක්ඛාර්ය සත්‍ය )
 දුකට හේතුව පිලිබඳ උතුම් සත්‍යයය (දුක්ඛ සමුදයාර්ය සත්‍යයය )
 දුක නැති කිරීම පිලිබඳ උතුම් සත්‍යයය (දුක්ඛ නිරෝධාර්ය සත්‍යයය )
 දුක නැති කිරීමේ මාර්ගය පිලිබඳ උතුම් සත්‍යයය (දුක්ඛ නිරෝධ ගාමිණී
 පටිපදාර්ය සත්‍යයය )

දුක්ඛ සත්‍යය යනු
පංච උපාදානස්ඛන්ධයයි.
සමුදය සත්‍ය යනු
තෘෂ්ණාවයි.
නිරෝධ සත්‍ය යනු
නිර්වාණයයි.
මර්ග සත්‍ය යනු
ආර්‍ය අෂ්ටාංගික මාර්ගයයි.

නිවන පිලිබඳ බුද්ධ දේශනා

බුදුන් වහන්සේ බුදු වීමෙන් අනතුරුව දේශනා කල පලමු ධර්ම දේශනාවේ මෙම චතුරාර්‍ය සත්‍යය පිලිබඳව සඳහන් වී ඇත. උන් වහන්සේ පලමු ධර්ම දේශනාව පැවැත්වූයේ උන්වහන්සේ සමග තවූස් දම් පිරෑ පස් වගතවුසන් හටය. චතුරාර්‍ය සත්‍යය පලමුව දේශනා කොට ඇත්තේ දාර්ශනිකත්වයෙන් බැහැරව. එය දේශනා කොට ඇත්තේ එවකට පැතිර ගිය ලෙඩ රෝගවලට ප්‍රතිකාර කරන්නේ කෙසේද යන්න හඳුනා දෙමින්ය. ඒ තෙරුම් ගැනීමේ පහසුවතකාය. ථේරවාදයේ තේරුම් ගෙන ඇති පරිදි මෙම දේශනාව ඉතා ගැඹුරු වූ තේරැම් ගැනීමට උත්සුක පුද්ගලයන්ටය. එහෙත් මහායානයේ මෙම දේශනාව ඉතා සරල වෙනත් ගැඹුරු වූ දේශනාවනට ප්‍රථම දැනගත යුතු කරුනු ලෙසය. නැගෙනහිර දේෂයන්හි මේ පිලිබඳව ඇත්තේ අල්ප දැනුමකි.

වදන

සත්‍යය

" 'පැවැත්ම' අර්ථවත්  'සත්' ධාතුවෙන් 'සත්‍යය' සංකල්පය ජනිත වී ඇත. යමක් ඇත්ත වශයෙන් ම පවතීද එය සත්‍යය නම් වේ.මේ වනාහී සත්‍යය පිළිබඳ පදංගත වූ අර්ථය වේ.
ඉහත ආකාරයෙන් නිර්වචනය කළ හැකි සත්‍යයක ල‍ක්ෂණ 3ක් වේ. එනම්,
තථ-ඒකාන්ත සත්‍යය
අවි තථ-කවදත් ලෝකයේ පවතින වෙනස් නොවන සත්‍යයයි. එය කිසි කලෙකත් බොරු නොවේ
අනඤ්ඤථ-අන් පරිද්දකින් නොසිටින සත්‍යය

චතුරාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය සත්‍යයයි පවසනු ලබන්නේ ඒවායේ ඇති ඉහත ලක්ෂණ හේතුවෙනි
ඉමානි චත්තාරි අරිය සච්චානීති භික්ඛවෙ මයා ධම්මෝ දේසිතෝ.......සමණේහි බ්‍රාහ්මණේහි විඤ්ඤුහි "(මහණෙනි මේ සතර ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යයයෝය යනු මා විසින්දෙසන ලද............ මහණුන් විසින් බමුණන් විසින් නුවනැතුන් විසින්............. බැහැර කරන්නට නොහැකි ධර්මයයි.)(අංගුත්තර නිකාය 1, 314 පිටු)ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය

අරිය හෙවත් ආර්‍ය්‍ය යන්නෙන් 'උසස් ' ,'උතුම්', 'ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨ' යන අර්ථය ලබා දෙයි.

බුදු, පසේ බුදු, රහත් යන අය විසින් අවබෝධ කළ හෙයින් මෙම ධර්මය ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය නම් වේ.
එම ධර්මය අවබෝධ කිරීමෙන්ම පෘතග්ජනභාවය ඉක්මවා සියලු කෙළෙසුන් නසා ආර්‍ය්‍ය භාවයට පත් කෙරෙන බැවින්ද මෙම ධර්මය ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය නම් වේ.
බුදු, පසේ බුදු, රහතන් වහන්සේලා ආර්‍ය්‍යන් ලෙස හැඳින්වේ.උන්වහන්සේලා එම ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨ තත්වයට පත්වීමේදී ඉවහල් වූ පිළිවෙත (අරිය සච්ච) ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය ලෙස හැඳින්වේ." අරියා ඉමානි පටිවිජ්ඣන්ති ,තස්මා අරිය සච්චානීති වුච්චන්තීති............"(සච්ච විභංග නිද්දේසය)
(ආර්‍ය්‍යන් වහන්සේලා එම තත්වයට පත් කළේ යමක්ස එය ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය නම් වේ.)

මෙ‍ම ධර්මය අවබෝධ කර ගැනීමෙන් පෘතග්ජන තත්වය නැති වී ආර්‍ය්‍ය භාවයට පත් වේ."ඉමේසං ඛෝ භික්ඛවෙ චතුන්නං අරිය සච්චානං යථාභූතං අභිසංබුද්ධත්තා තථාගතෝ අරහං සම්මා සම්බුද්ධෝ අරියෝති වුච්චතීති."(සච්ච විභංග නිද්දේසය)

ඒකාන්තයෙන් ඇති ඒ සැටියට ම වන අන් ආකාරයකින් නොවන දෙය සත්‍ය නම් වේ. සත්‍යය යි කීමෙන් පමණක් නො නවත්වා ආය්‍යර් යන වචනය මුලට යොදා මේ සත්‍යයන්ට ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය යි නම් කර තිබෙන්නේ කරුණු කීපයක් නිසාය. සමහර සත්‍යයක් එක් ආකාරයකින් සත්‍ය වතුදු තවත් ආකාරයකින් බලන කල්හි අසත්‍ය වේ. බුදුන් වහන්සේ විසින් වදාළ දුඃඛාදී සත්‍ය සතරෙහි කවර ආකාරකින් වත් අසත‍්‍ය වීමක් නැත. ඒවා එසේම ය. කවර ආකාරකින් වත් වෙනස් නො වන සත්‍ය, සත්‍යයන් අතුරෙන් උතුම් සත්‍ය වේ. මෙහි සත්‍ය යන වචනයට මුලින් ආය්‍යර් යන වචනය යොදා ඇත්තේ මේ සත්‍යයන්ගේ උතුම් බව දැක්වීමට ය. උත්තම වූ සත්‍යය ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍ය නම් වේ.

මේ සත්‍ය සතර ප්‍රකාශ කරන ලදුයේ බුදුන් වහන්සේ විසිනි. දෙවියන් සහිත ලෝකයා විසින් පුදනු ලබන බැවින් බුදුන් වහන්සේ ආර්‍ය්‍ය නම් වෙති. ආර්‍ය්‍ය වූ බුදුන් වහන්සේ දැක ලෝකයාට ප්‍රකාශ කරන ලද ඒවා බැවින් මේ සත්‍යයෝ බුදුන් වහන්සේ ගේ ය. ආර්‍ය්‍යයන් වහන්සේ ගේ සත්‍යයෝ ය යන අර්ථයෙන් මේවාට ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යයෝය යි කියනු ලැබේ.

යමකු විසින් මේ සත්‍ය සතර ප්‍රත්‍යක්ෂ කර ගත්තේ නම් ඒ තැනැත්තා පෘථග්ජනභාවය ඉක්මවා ආර්‍ය්‍ය භාවයට පමුණුවන බැවින් ද මේ සත්‍යයන්ට ආර්ය්‍ය සත්‍යය යි කියනු ලැබේ.

චතුරාර්‍ය්‍ය  සත්‍යයේ ලක්ෂණ

මෙ‍ම ධර්ම‍යෙහි සුවිශේෂී ලක්ෂණයක් වන්නේ බුදුන් වහන්සේ විසින් දේශනා කරන ලද සියළු ධර්මයන් මෙහි අන්තර්ගත වීමයි. "සච්ච විනිම්මුත්තෝහි භාගවතෝ දේසනා නත්ථා" යන නෙත්තිප්පකරණ අටුවාවේ එන විග්‍රහයෙන් එය සඳහන් කෙරේ."ඒව මේව ඛෝ ආවුසෝ,  යේ කේචි කුසලා ධම්මා සබ්බේ තෙ චතුසු අරිය සච්චේසු සංගහං ගච්චන්තී" යන මහාහත්ථි පදෝපම සූත්‍ර පාඨයද එය පැහැදිලි කරයි. එනම් ලොව වෙසෙන සියළු සතුන්ගේ පා සටහන් ඇත් පා සටහනට වඩා කුඩා වනු ඇත.එය ඉක්මවා යන කිසිඳු පාද සටහනක් දැකිය නොහැකිය.එමෙන් බුද්ධ දේශිත යම් කුසල ධර්මයක් වෙයිද ඒ සියල්ල චතුරාය්‍යර් සත්‍යයෙහි අන්තර්ගත වනු ඇත.
	ලොව පවත්නා ධර්මයන් කෙරෙහි දක්නට ලැබෙන ලක්ෂණ 04 කි.එනම්,
පවත්ති- ඇති වීම
පවත්තක-ඇති වීමට ඉවහල් වූ හේතු
නිවත්ති- නැති වීම
නිවත්තක-නැති වීමට ඉවහල් වූ හේතු

චතුරාය්‍යර් සත්‍යයද මෙම න්‍යායට අනුව ගොඩ නැගී තිබේ.
පවත්ති-දු:ඛාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය
පවත්තක-දු:ඛසමුදයාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය
නිවත්ති- දු:ඛනිරෝධාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය
නිවත්තක-දු:ඛනිරෝධගාමිණීපටිපදාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය

කෘත්‍ය සතරක්

චතුරාය්‍යර් සත්‍යය සම්බන්ධයෙන් පුද්ගලයා විසින් කළ යුතු කාර්‍ය්‍යයන් සතරක් වේ.

01.දු:ඛාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය -  මෙයින් ජීවිතයේ ස්වභාවයත් එහි දුක් දොම්නස්, සොම්නස් ද එහි අඩුපාඩු ද එය වෙනස් වන සුළු බවද දක්වනු ලැබේ.මෙම සත්‍යය පිරිසිඳ දැනගත යුතුය. (පරිඤ්ඤෙය්‍ය)

02.දු:ඛසමුදයාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය- මෙයින් තෘෂ්ණාව මුල් කොට පවත්නා ක්ලේශයන් නිසා දුක හට ගත් බව දැක්වේ. එහෙයින් එය ප්‍රහාණය කළ යුතුය.(පහාතබ්බං)

03.දු:ඛනිරෝධාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය- එනම් නිර්‍වාණයයි. එය අවබෝධ කළ යුතුය.(සච්ඡිකාතබ්බ)

04.දු:ඛනිරෝධගාමිණීපටිපදාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය-	එනම් නිර්‍වාණය අවබෝධ කර ගැනීමට ඉවහල් වන මාර්‍ගයයි. එය පිළිපැදිය යුතුය.(භාවෙතබ්බං)
මේ අනුව පුද්ගලයාගේ හා ලෝකයේ යථා තත්වය ගැන අවබෝධය ලැබෙන්නේ ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යයන්ගේ වැටහීම අනුවය.

"සච්චං සත්තෝ පටිසන්ධි-පච්චයාකාර මේවච
අද්දසා චතුරා ධම්මා- දේසේතුංච සුදුක්කරා"

යනුවෙන් බුද්ධඝෝෂ හිමි විසුද්ධි මාර්‍ගයෙන් අවබෝධ කිරීමට දුෂ්කර වූ ධර්‍ම කරුණු පෙන්වා දෙමින් චතුරාය්‍යර් සත්‍යය ,සත්වයාගේ ස්වභාවය, පුනර්භවය, හේතුඵලවාදය යන කරුණු හඳුන්වා දෙයි. මේවා අවබෝධ කර ගැනීම අපහසු වන අතර හ්වා සරළව විග්‍රහ කිරීම ඊටත් වඩා දුෂ්කර කාර්‍ය්‍යක් බවත් පවසයි.

ආය්‍යර් සත්‍යය සතර

"චත්තාරි ඉමානි භික්ඛවෙ අරිය සච්චානි කතමානි චත්තාරි? දු:ඛං අරිය සච්චං, දු:ඛ සමුදයං අරිය සච්චං දු:ඛ නිරෝධං අරිය සච්චං"
(මහණෙනි ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යයන් හතරක් ඇත. ඒවා නම්?දු:ඛාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය,දු:ඛසමුදයාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය,දු:ඛනිරෝධාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය,දු:ඛනිරෝධගාමිණීපටිපදාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය යනාදියයි.)
දුක්ඛ

" 'දු:ඛ' යන්නෙහි 'දු' යන්නේ නින්දා කටයුතු පිළිකුල් සහගත යන අර්ථය ද 'ඛ' යන්නෙන් හිස්, අසාර යන අර්ථය ද ගෙන දෙයි. මේ අනුව දු:ඛ යන්නේ නින්දා කටයුතු පිළිකුල් හිස් අසාර යන අර්ථ ගෙන දෙයි."
මෙම සත්‍යය පිළිබඳව ධම්මචක්ක පවත්තන සූත්‍රයේදී  බුදුන් වහන්සේ මෙසේ වදාළහ." ඉදං ඛෝ පන භික්ඛවෙ දුක්ඛං අරිය සච්චං, ජාතිපි දුක්ඛා ජරාපි දුක්ඛා ව්‍යාධිපි දුක්ඛා මරණම්පි දුක්ඛං අප්පියෙහි සම්පයෝගෝ දුක්ඛො පියෙහි විප්පයෝගෝ දුක්ඛො යම්පිච්චං නලභති තම්පි දුක්ඛං සංඛිත්තේන පඤ්චූපදානක්ඛන්ධා දුක්ඛා"
(මහණෙනි, මේ වනාහි දු:ඛාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යයයි.ජාතිය දුකයි,ජරාව දුකයි ,ව්‍යාධිය දුකයි, මරණය දුකයි, අප්‍රිය සම්ප්‍රයෝගය  දුකයි, ප්‍රිය විප්‍රයෝගය දුකයි, යමක් කැමති නම් එය නොලැබීම  දුකයි, සැකෙවින් උපාදානස්කන්ධයෝ පස් දෙනම දුක් හු වෙති.)මෙහිදී සත්වයන්ට මුහුණපෑමට සිදු වන  දුක අට වැදෑරුම් කොට දැක්වේ. එනම්,

ජාති
ජරා
ව්‍යාධි
මරණ
අප්‍රිය සම්ප්‍රයෝගය
ප්‍රිය විප්‍රයෝගය
කැමති දේ  නොලැබීම
උපාදානස්කන්ධ

පුද්ගලයන්ගේ චරිතානුරූපීය බුද්ධි මට්ටමට අනුව එක් එක් අවස්ථා වලදී දු:ඛාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය ලෙස හඳුන්වා ඇත්තේ  පඤ්ච උපාදානස්ඛන්ධයන්ය.
	"කතමඤ්ච භික්ඛවෙ   දුක්ඛං අරිය සච්චං?පඤ්චූපදානක්ඛන්ධා තස්ස වචනීයං සෙය්‍යථීදං? රූපූපාදානක්ඛන්‍ධෝ වේදනුපාදානක්ඛන්ධෝ සඤ්ඤානූපාදානක්ඛන්ධෝ සංඛාරානූපාදානක්ඛන්ධෝ විඤ්ඤානූපාදානක්ඛන්ධෝ ඉදං වුච්චතී  භික්ඛවෙ දුක්ඛං අරිය සච්චං........"(මහණෙනි ,දු:ඛාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය යනු කවරේද? මෙසේ ඇසුවහොත් පඤ්ච උපාපදානස්ඛන්ධය යයි පිළිතුරු දිය යුතුය. එනම්, රූප උපාදානස්කන්ධය, වේදනා  උපාදානස්කන්ධය,සඤ්ඤා උපාදානස්කන්ධය, සංස්කාර උපාදානස්කන්ධය,  විඤ්ඤාණ උපාදානස්කන්ධය යනාදියයි. මහණෙනි, මෙය දුකඛ ආර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය යි කියනු ලැබේ.)
	මෙහිදී දුක්ඛ සත්‍යය පස් වැදෑරුම් වේ.

රූප උපාදානස්කන්ධය
වේදනා  උපාදානස්කන්ධය
සඤ්ඤා උපාදානස්කන්ධය
සංස්කාර උපාදානස්කන්ධය
විඤ්ඤාණ උපාදානස්කන්ධය
ඇස, කණ, නාසය, ආදී ඉන්ද්‍රියන්ට ගෝචර වන විෂය ලෝකය මෙසේ පඤ්චස්කන්ධය වශ‍යෙන් හඳුන්වනු ලැබේ.

සමුදය

'සමුදය' යන්නෙන් ලබා දෙන සරළම අර්ථය හේතූන්ගේ එකතුවෙන් දුක් ඇති වන බවයි. සමුදය යන්න 'සං- උ- අය' යන කොටස් වලින් සැකසී ඇත.'සං'= එක් කිරීම, 'උ' = හට ගැනීම, 'අය' = හේතුව යන ලෙස වේ.මේ අනුව සමුදය  යන්නේ හේතු ප්‍රත්‍යයන්ගේ බලපෑමෙන් (දුක්) හට ගැනීම සිදුවන බව ඉගැන්වෙයි. දුක් හට ගැනීමට හේතුව නම් තෘෂ්ණාවයි."............තත්ථ කතමං දුක්ඛ සමුදය අරිය සච්චං? යායං තණ්හා පෝනොභවිකා නන්දිරාග සහගතා තත්‍ර තත්‍රාභි නන්දිනී , සෙය්‍යථීදං? කාම තණ්හා භවතණ්හා  විභවතණ්හා ඉදං වුච්චතී භික්ඛවෙ දුක්ඛ සමුදය අරිය සච්චං..........."(විභංගප්‍රකරණයේ සච්ච විභංගය)
(දුක්ඛ සමුදයයාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය යනු කවරේද යත්? යම් තණ්හාවක් නැවත නැවත භවගාමී තත්වයක් (  පෝනොභවිකා) ඇති කෙරේද? සකන්ධ පිළිබඳ සතුට හා ඇලීම(නන්දිරාග සහගතා) ඇති කරයිද? ඒ ඒ භවයන්හි ඇලීම (තත්‍ර තත්‍රාභි නන්දිනී) ඇති කෙරේද? කාම තණ්හා භවතණ්හා  විභවතණ්හා යනුවෙන් ත්‍රිවිධාකාර වූ එම තෘෂ්ණාව දු:ඛසමුදයාර්‍ය්‍ය සත්‍යය නම් වේ.)''
තෘෂ්ණාව ප්‍රධාන කොටස් 03 කි.
.කාම තණ්හා - ඇස, කන, නාසය, දිව, ශරීරය  හා මනස යන ඉන්ද්‍රියන්ගෙන් ගනු ලබන රූප, ශබ්ද, ගන්ධ, රස, ස්පර්ශ, ධර්ම යන අරමුනු කෙරෙහි ඇති ආශාවයි.
.භවතණ්හා - භවය හෙවත් පැවැත්ම කෙරෙහි පවත්නා ආශාවයි.
විභවතණ්හා - නොපැවැත්ම පිළිබඳව ඇති ආශාවයි.

නිරෝධ

නිර්වාණය යනු සියලු බෞද්ධයන් විසින් දැකීමට බලාපොරොත්තුවන, සියලු දුක්ඛයන්ගෙන් නිදහස්වූ, එකම සදාකාලික සැපයවූ ධර්මතාවයයි. දුකම ස්වභාව කොට ඇත්තාවූ සංසාරයෙන් නිදහස්වීමට ඇති එකම මාර්ගය නිර්වාණයයි. නිවන වචනයෙන් ප්‍රකාශ කල නොහැකි ධර්මතාවක් වන අතර දැකීමෙන්ම(ලබාගැනීමෙන්ම) පමණක් සම්පූර්ණයෙන් අවබෝධ කරගත හැකියි.

මාර්ග (දුක්ඛ නිරෝධ ගාමිණී පටිපදා)

 සම්මාදිට්ඨි -නිවැරදි දැක්ම
සම්මාසංකප්පෝ -නිවැරදි කල්පනාව
සම්මාවාචා -නිවැරදි වචන
සම්මාකම්මන්තෝ -නිවැරදි කර්‍මාන්තය
සම්මා ආජීවෝ -නිවැරදි දිවිපෙවෙත
සම්මා වායාමෝ -නිවැරදි  උත්සාහය
සම්මාසති-නිවැරදි සිහිය
සම්මා සමාධි-නිවැරදි සිතේ එකඟ කම

මෙම පිළිවෙත් අනුගමනය කිරීමෙන්ම  නිවන් සුව සලසා ගත හැකි වේ.

ආශ්‍රිත ග්‍රන්ථ

 පේමරතන රොටුඹ, බුද්ධ ධර්මය හා බෞද්ධ දර්ශනය,ශ්‍රී පාලි මුද්‍රණාලය, බණ්ඩාරගම,1996
 රාහුල වළ්පොල,බුදුන් වදාළ ධර්මය, ඇම්.ඩී. ගුණසේන සහ සමාගම,කොළඹ 11,1989
 මහතන්ත්‍රිගේ ගුණසේන, ථේරවාද බුද්ධ ධර්මයේ මූලික ඉගැන්වීම්- බෞද්ධ ධර්මාචාර්ය විභාගය, බෞද්ධ කටයුතු දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව,2006
 වෙත්තමුණි ආර්. පී. ද ඇස්.,බුදු දහම සහ එය ආගමටත් විද්‍යාවටත් සමවිසම වන අයුරු,ඇම්.ඩී. ගුණසේන සහ සමාගම,කොළඹ 11,1967
 විජේබණ්ඩාර චන්දිම ,මොරටුවගම එච්.එම්., බෞද්ධ දර්ශනය සහ සංස්කෘතිය, කතෘ ප්‍රකාශන, 1977
 විජේබණ්ඩාර චන්දිම ,මොරටුවගම එච්.එම්.,ආදි බෞද්ධ චින්තනය, එස් ගොඩගේ සහ සහෝදරයෝ,කොළඹ 10,1995
 වික්‍රමසිංහ කේ.ඩී.පී., සම්බුදු දහම,කතෘ ප්‍රකාශන,1976
 ගමගේ එස්. දීගොඩ(පරි.) සමස්ත බුද්ධ ධර්මය,සමය වර්ධන පොත් හල,කොළඹ 10,2004

වැඩිදුරට කියවීම සඳහා
 ගෞතම බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ

බුදු දහම
චතුරාර්ය සත්‍යය

චතුරාර්ය සත්‍යය


Per Henrik Lundström (født 13. december 1983) er en svensk skuespiller, mest kendt som Pierre i filmen Onskan.

Eksterne henvisninger

Skuespillere fra Sverige

Henrik Lundström (skuespiller)


Wyatt is a patronymic surname, derived from the Norman surname Guyot, derived from "widu", Proto-Germanic for "wood".

Notable people with the surname "Wyatt" include

A
Aaron Wyatt, Australian musician
Addie L. Wyatt (1924–2012), American labor leader
Adrian Wyatt, British physicist
Alan Wyatt (born 1935), Australian cricketer
Alex Wyatt (born 1990), English cricketer
Alex Wyatt (cricketer, born 1976) (born 1976), Australian cricketer
Alvin Wyatt (born 1947), American football player
Andrew Wyatt, American musician
Annie Forsyth Wyatt (1885–1961), Australian conservationist
Antwuan Wyatt (born 1975), American football player
Arthur Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Avis Wyatt (born 1984), American basketball player

B
B. Wyatt, American actor
Barbara Wyatt (1930–2012), British figure skater
Benjamin Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Bill Wyatt (born 1938), Australian basketball player
Bob Wyatt (1901–1995), English cricketer
Bobby Wyatt (born 1992), American golfer
Bowden Wyatt (1917–1969), American football player
Bray Wyatt (1987–2023), ring name of American professional wrestler Windham Rotunda

C
Caleb Wyatt (born 1976), American stunt performer
Candice Wyatt (born 1982), Australian journalist
Carol Wyatt (born 1946), British artist
Caroline Wyatt (born 1967), British journalist
Cedric Wyatt (1940–2014), Australian public servant
Charles Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Chris Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Clarrie Wyatt (1904–1986), Australian rules footballer
Colin Wyatt (born 1939), American illustrator
Colin Wyatt (musician), American drummer

D
Danni Wyatt (born 1991), English cricketer
Dave Wyatt (1871–1950), American baseball player
David Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Derek Wyatt (born 1949), British politician
Derrick Wyatt (born 1948), English legal scholar
Devonte Wyatt (born 1998), American football player
Dorothy Wyatt (1925–2011), Canadian politician
Doug Wyatt (born 1946), American football player

E
Ed Wyatt (born 1960), Australian broadcaster
Edith Franklin Wyatt (1873–1958), American writer
Eliza Wyatt, American playwright
Erin Wyatt, American model

F
Finnlay Wyatt (born 1995), English footballer
F. Mark Wyatt (1920–2006), American intelligence officer
Francis Wyatt (1588–1644), English colonial administrator
Francis Wyatt (cricketer) (1882–1971), English cricketer
Frank Wyatt (1852–1926), English actor
Frank Wyatt (sport shooter) (born 1946), British sport shooter

G
Gail E. Wyatt (born 1944), American psychologist
Gareth Wyatt (born 1977), Welsh rugby union footballer
George Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Gerald Wyatt (1933–2001), English cricketer
Gerard R. Wyatt (1925–2019), American-Canadian biochemist
Greg Wyatt, American sculptor

H
Halifax Wyatt (1829–1909), English cricketer
Harold Wyatt (1880–1949), English cricketer
Harry M. Wyatt III (born 1949), American lieutenant general
Henry Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Honor Wyatt (1910–1998), English journalist
Hugh Wyatt (born 1933), English politician

I
Inzer Bass Wyatt (1907–1990), American judge
Ivan Wyatt (1924–2009), New Zealand cricketer

J
James Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Jane Wyatt (1910–2006), American actress
J. Edward Wyatt (1860–1932), Canadian politician
Jennifer Wyatt (born 1965), Canadian golfer
Jessee Wyatt (born 1996), Australian Paralympic athlete
Jo Wyatt, English actress
Joe Wyatt (1900–1970), American baseball player
Joe B. Wyatt, American academic administrator
John Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Jon Wyatt (born 1973), British field hockey player
Jonathan Wyatt (born 1972), New Zealand runner
Joseph Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Julian Wyatt (born 1963), English cricketer
Justin Wyatt (born 1984), American football player

K
Kandi Wyatt (born 1991), Canadian boxer
Keith Wyatt, American guitarist
Keke Wyatt (born 1982), American singer
Ken Wyatt (born 1952), Australian politician
Kervin Wyatt (born 1957), American football player
Kevin Wyatt (born 1964), American football player
Khalif Wyatt (born 1991), American basketball player
Kimberly Wyatt (born 1982), American singer
Kirsten Wyatt (born 1975), American actress

L
Len Wyatt (1919–2015), New Zealand cricketer
Lewis Wyatt (1777–1853), British architect
Lisa K. Wyatt, American actress
Logan Wyatt (born 1997), American baseball player
Lucius R. Wyatt (born 1938), American trumpeter
Lucy R. Wyatt, British mathematician
Lynn Wyatt (born 1935), American socialite

M
Marc Wyatt (born 1977), Welsh lawn bowler
Marcus Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Mark Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Mary Wyatt (1789–1871), British botanist
Matthew Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Meyne Wyatt (born 1989), Australian actor

N
Naomi Wyatt, American politician
Neale Wyatt (born 1981), Australian rugby league footballer

O
Oscar Wyatt (born 1924), American businessman

P
Paul Wyatt (1907–1970), American swimmer
Paul Wyatt (footballer) (born 1989), English footballer
Petronella Wyatt (born 1968), British journalist
Philip Wyatt (1785–1835), English architect
Philip J. Wyatt, American scientist

R
Rachel Wyatt (born 1929), English-Canadian dramatist
Ralph Wyatt (1917–1990), American baseball player
Ray Wyatt, American politician
Reg Wyatt (1932–2007), English footballer
Reggie Wyatt (born 1990), American hurdler
Richard Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Robert Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Ron Wyatt (1933–1999), American archaeologist
Rupert Wyatt (born 1972), English screenwriter
Russ Wyatt, Canadian politician
Ryan Wyatt (born 1986), American gaming executive

S
Sally Wyatt (born 1959), Canadian researcher
Samuel Wyatt (1737–1807), British architect
Sarah Wyatt (born 1958), American biologist
Scott Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Sharon Wyatt (born 1953), American actress
Stan Wyatt (1894–1964), Australian politician
Stephen Wyatt (born 1948), British writer
Stephen Wyatt (weightlifter) (born 1950), Australian weightlifter
Steve Wyatt (born 1971), English cricketer

T
Terry Wyatt (born 1957), English professor
Tessa Wyatt (born 1948), British actress
Thomas Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Tom Wyatt (born 1946), Australian horticulturalist
Trevor Wyatt, British record producer
Tristram Wyatt (born 1956), British biologist

V
Victoria Wyatt (born 1956), American ethnographer

W
Walter Wyatt (1893–1978), American lawyer
Wendell Wyatt (1917–2009), American politician
Will Wyatt (born 1942), British television producer
William Wyatt (disambiguation), multiple people
Willie Wyatt (born 1967), American football player
Wilson W. Wyatt (1905–1996), American politician
Woodrow Wyatt (1918–1997), British politician

Z
Zachary Wyatt (born 1984), American politician

Fictional characters
Amy Wyatt, a character on the soap opera Emmerdale
Leo Wyatt, a character on the television series Charmed

See also
Wyatt family, family of English architects
Wyatt (given name), a page for people with the given name "Wyatt"
Wyatt (disambiguation), a disambiguation page for "Wyatt"

References

English-language surnames
Patronymic surnames

Wyatt (surname)


Lad de døde hvile er en dansk ungdomsgyserkomedie instrueret af Sohail A. Hassan

Medvirkende
Baard Owe som Bartholinus
Danny Thykær som Anton
Klaus Messerschmidt Hjuler  som	Pedel Jens
Sidse Kinnerup som Louise
Razi Irawani  som Amir
Sasja Gabriella Kobberø som Pige
Jannick Raunow som Præst
Gustav Søgaard Jakobsen som Mads
Claus Raasted som Soldaterkaptajn
Stine Ruge som Signe
Sarah Maria Fritsche som Anna
Jakob Hasselstrøm som Jimmy
Sigurd Barrett som Gymnasielærer
Annasofie Yde Poulsen som Pige
Leonora Alkærsig Nielsen  som Sille
Liza Westh-Larsen som Pige
Téo Lepetit som Sebastian

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2017
Gyserfilm fra Danmark

Lad de døde hvile


El río Tuja () es un río del raión de Apsheronsk del krai de Krasnodar, en el sur de Rusia. Es afluente del río Psheja, que lo es del Bélaya, de la cuenca hidrográfica del Kubán.

Tiene dos constituyentes, el Lévaya Tuja y el Právaya Tuja, que nacen ambos en las vertientes septentrionales del Cáucaso Occidental, en la frontera del raión de Apsheronsk con el de Tuapsé. En sus 19 km de longitud discurre predominantemente en dirección norte-nordeste y atraviesa las localidades de Neftianaya y Nikoláyenko antes de desembocar en Psheja un poco antes de que este último río entre en Apsheronsk. Sus principales afluentes son el Polba (izquierda) y el Neftiánaya (derecha).

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Туха.

Ríos del krai de Krasnodar
Ríos de la cuenca del Kubán

Río Tuja


Harald Hirschsprung (Copenhagen, 14 de dezembro de 1830 - Copenhagen, 11 de abril de 1916) foi um médico pediátrico e professor universitário dinamarquês conhecido por descrever Doença de Hirschsprung pela primeira vez em 1886.

Biografia
Harald Hirschsprung nasceu em 14 de dezembro de 1830, em Copenhagen, numa família abastada germano-judia. Seu pai era Abraham Marcus Hirschsprung, um empresário tabagista dono da A.M. Hirschsprung & Sønner. Harald escolheu se tornar um médico em vez de ingressar na fábrica de tabaco de seu pai, tendo a liderança da mesma sido herdada por seu irmão mais novo, Heinrich Hirschsprung. Ele foi aprovado no exame de admissão à universidade em 1848 e no Staatsexamen em 1855. Ele esteve interessado em doenças raras que afetavam o intestino ao longo de sua vida, sendo as atresia do esôfago e do intestino delgado, os assuntos de sua tese de doutorado, apresentada em maio de 1861.

Hirschsprung começou a alcançar notoriedade ao se tornar o primeiro pediatra dinamarquês em 1870, quando foi nomeado para um hospital neonatal. Em 1879, ele foi nomeado médico-chefe do Hospital Infantil da Rainha Louise, inaugurado em 1879. Em 1891, ele foi se tornou médico de pediatria. Hirschsprung dava aulas pequenas nas manhãs de domingo, entre 9 e 11, para garantir que apenas alunos verdadeiramente dedicados comparecessem. Ele chegou a ser criticado como professor, o mesmo tinha problemas para falar em público e costumava se concentrar em casos raros, em vez dos mais benéficos para a clínica geral.

Hirschsprung oferecia assistência médica gratuita para crianças pobres, enquanto continuava a exigir que as famílias abastadas pagassem. Ele também foi contra a vontade da Rainha Louise de Hesse-Cassel, a homônima do hospital em que trabalhava, em sua insistência em que imagens de animais, em vez de textos bíblicos, fossem colocadas acima dos leitos hospitalares das crianças.

Em 1904, quando tinha 74 anos, Hirschsprung foi forçado a renunciar ao emprego. Ele continuou seu estudo sobre o que mais tarde viria a ser chamado de Doença de Hirschsprung, até que sua saúde precária o impediu, então ele se aposentou e passou a viver em sua casa de campo em Øresund.

Morte
Harald Hirschsprung morreu em 11 de abril de 1916, aos 85 anos, em Copenhage. Ele foi enterrado em um cemitério judeu na mesma cidade.

Doença de Hirschsprung
Hirschsprung publicou em muitas áreas da pediatria, incluindo estenose pilórica, intussuscepção, raquitismo e nódulos reumáticos, mas ele é mais conhecido por seu trabalho na doença que mais tarde passou a levar seu nome.

Em Berlim, no Congresso de Doenças Infantis (Gesellschaft für Kinderheilkunde), Hirschsprung deu uma palestra sobre o que se tornaria "sua" doença. Era intitulado "Lentidão das Fezes em Recém-Nascidos como Resultado da Dilatação e Hipertrofia do Cólon" (Stuhlträgheit Neugeborener in Folge von Dilatation und Hypertrophie des Colons) e foi publicado um ano depois. Ele falou de duas crianças que haviam morrido da doença e, ao final da palestra, afirmou "parece inquestionável que a condição é causada no útero, seja como uma anormalidade do desenvolvimento ou como um processo de doença." Ele publicou um relato sobre a doença, que ele acreditava ser uma nova condição, dois anos depois.

Embora ele tenha sido o primeiro a descrever a condição, ele erroneamente afirmou que o cólon proximal era a parte afetada pela doença. Hoje se sabe que o segmento doente do intestino é a porção distal (até o reto), que não desenvolve as células ganglionares e, portanto, não pode relaxar e evacuar. Este estado contraído (às vezes chamado de acalasia retal) impede a passagem das fezes e causa obstrução intestinal e obstipação .

Ver também

 Doença de Hirschsprung
 Coleção Hirschsprung
 Heinrich Hirschsprung
 A.M. Hirschsprung & Sønner
 Bolsa de Ostomia
 Elise Sørensen

Referências

Leitura adicional
 Richard Skaba Marcos Históricos da Doença de Hirschsprung (Comemorando o 90º Aniversário da Morte do Professor Harald Hirschsprung) (Elsevier Inc. Janeiro de 2007. Volume 42, edição 1, pp. 249-251)

Ligações externas

 Coleção Hirschprung
 Harald Hirschprung: perfil do médico

Médicos da Dinamarca
Pediatras

Harald Hirschsprung


Alkaloidne namirnice su namirnice koje sadržavaju alkaloide. Ubrajaju se kava, čaj, kakao i čokolada. Alkaloidne u kavi se zove kofein, u čaju tein, a u čokoladi teobromin. Alkaloidne tvari snažno djeluju i nadražuju živce, pospješuju rad srca i mozga, podižu krvni tlak i privremeno oslobađaju organizam od umora zbog utjecaja šećera. Zbog navedenog djelovanja od spomenutih se namirnica piju topli i hladni napitci. Velike količine mogu uzrokovati povećanje siptoma nervoze, pogoršati rad srca ili nadražiti sluznicu želuca.

Literatura
 Tanay, Ljiljana. Hamel, Darka. "Prehrana i poznavanje robe"  udžbenik za 1. razred ugostiteljsko turističke škole, 2. izdanje, Školska knjiga, Zagreb 2009. ISBN 978-953-0-20854-4, str. 194.  205.

Hrana

Alkaloidne namirnice


A Supercopa das Maldivas, ou Supertaça das Maldivas como também chamada, é uma competição nacional de formato jogo único de futebol da República das Maldivas.

História
A primeira edição foi a de 2008-09, e o campeão foi o Club Valencia.

A segunda, a terceira e a quarta edição foram vencidas pela equipe VB Sports.

Formato
A competição é realizada no formato jogo único, onde duas equipes se enfrentam e a equipe vencedora recebe o título de campeã da competição.

Edições

Títulos por clube

Ver também
 Campeonato Maldivo de Futebol
 Campeonato Maldivo de Futebol - Segunda Divisão
 Copa das Maldivas
 Copa dos Presidentes (Maldivas)
 Supercopa das Maldivas
 Estádio Galolhu Rasmee Dhandu
 Liga dos Campeões da AFC
 Copa dos Presidentes da AFC
 Copa da SAFF

Copa das Maldivas

Supercopa das Maldivas


Alfred Lucien Foulet (* 5. Dezember 1900 in Haverford, Pennsylvania; † 15. April 1987 in Princeton (New Jersey)) war ein US-amerikanischer Romanist und Mediävist französischer Herkunft.

Leben und Werk
Alfred Lucien Foulet war der Sohn von Lucien Foulet. Er verbrachte seine Kindheit in den Vereinigten Staaten, studierte in Paris (Abschluss 1921) und promovierte 1927 in Princeton mit der Arbeit Introduction to an edition of the Couronnement de Renard (Princeton 1929). Foulet lehrte an der Princeton University von 1927 bis 1930 als Instructor, von 1930 bis 1945 als Assistant Professor, von 1945 bis 1953 als Associate Professor und von 1953 bis zu seiner Emeritierung 1966 als Professor für Romanistik.

Weitere Werke
 (Hrsg.) Jean Sarrasin, Lettre à Nicolas Arrode, 1249. Paris 1924.
 (Hrsg.) Le Couronnement de Renard. Poème du XIIIe siècle. Princeton/Paris 1929, New York 1965.
 (Hrsg. mit anderen) The Medieval French "Roman d'Alexandre". 7 Bände. Princeton/Paris 1937–1976.
 (mit Mary Blakely Speer) On editing Old French texts. Lawrence (KA) 1979.
 (Hrsg. mit Karl David Uitti) Chrétien de Troyes: Le chevalier de la charrette (Lancelot). Paris 1989, 2010 (Classiques Garnier).

Weblinks

Romanist
Mediävist
Hochschullehrer (Princeton University)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1900
Gestorben 1987
Mann

Alfred Foulet


La cuirasse du carabinier Fauveau est une cuirasse appartenant à François-Antoine Fauveau, cavalier français membre du 2e régiment de carabiniers lors de la bataille de Waterloo. Percée de part en part par un boulet de canon, provoquant la mort sur le coup de son propriétaire, elle est conservée au musée de l'Armée, à Paris.

Description
La cuirasse est composée de tôle, laiton et cuir.

Elle est incomplète : il manque la matelassure, où se trouvaient les papiers du soldat (permettant peut-être d'identifier François-Antoine Fauveau), et le système de fixation n'est composé que d'une ceinture de cuir avec une boucle en laiton.

Le caractère exceptionnel de cette cuirasse vient des dégâts qu'elle a reçus, témoignant de l'histoire et du destin des soldats des armées napoléoniennes. En plus de l'impact de boulet de canon, il y a deux traces de balles d'armes à feu individuelles (pistolet ou fusil).

Propriétaire
François-Antoine Fauveau est né le  à Le Heaulme (Val-d'Oise). Beurrier de profession, il rejoint le corps d'élite des carabiniers.

Il est affecté le  au 2e régiment de carabiniers, 4e escadron, 4e compagnie. Il meurt un mois plus tard, le , lors de la bataille de Waterloo, à l'âge de 23 ans. En pleine charge, il est transpercé de face, de part en part, par un boulet de canon au niveau de la poitrine, sous l'épaule droite.

Conservation

Collection privée
Découverte par un cultivateur sur le site de la bataille, la cuirasse est acquise par le colonel Philippe Lichtenstein (1831-1892), descendant d'un officier impérial.

Musée de l'Armée
Le musée de l'Armée acquiert la cuirasse grâce à un don de Philippe Lichtenstein. Elle est identifiée avec le numéro d'inventaire 5077 I. Elle est exposée au deuxième étage de l'hôtel des Invalides, au « Département de Louis XIV à Napoléon III », dans la salle 37 ou des Cent-Jours.

Expositions
La cuirasse est présentée lors de plusieurs expositions autour de Napoléon Ier, en France mais aussi à l'étranger.

Elle apparait lors de l'exposition « Napoléon » au Museo del Vidrio de Monterrey, au Mexique, du  au .

Elle est exposée en Allemagne lors de «  », exposition présentée au Preussen Museum de Wesel du  au  puis à Minden du  au . Elle est aussi présentée à Bonn lors de «  » au Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle du  au .

En France, elle fait partie de deux expositions au musée de l'Armée : « Napoléon et l'Europe » du  au  et « Napoléon Stratège » du  au .

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Bataille de Waterloo
 Guerres napoléoniennes
 Carabiniers à cheval (France)
 Musée de l'Armée (Paris)

Liens externes

 La Cuirasse du carabinier Fauveau dans la rubrique « Trésors du Musée » du musée de l'Armée de Paris.

Premier Empire
Cavalier
Cavalerie
Napoléon Bonaparte
Guerres napoléoniennes
Waterloo
Guerre
Soldat
Régiment
Objet
Fauveau
Personnalité militaire de la bataille de Waterloo (1815)

Cuirasse du carabinier Fauveau


دائرة عزابة إحدى دوائر ولاية سكيكدة.
مقرها عزابة.
تبلغ مساحتها 805.34 كم² يقطنها 92339 نسمة (أي بكثافة سكانية تقدر بـ 115 نسمة /كم²).
وتضم كل من بلديات :
 عزابة
 السبت
 لغدير
 جندل
 عين شرشار
يحدها من ناحية الشرق دائرة بن عزوز ومن الغرب مدينة سكيكدة، ومن الجنوب ولاية قالمة ومن الشمال البحر الأبيض المتوسط
تعتبر دائرة فلاحيـة بنسبة 70 بالمائــة
تشتهر بزراعة الطماطم الصناعية والكروم والحوامض وكذا تربية الأبقار والماشيـة

مصادر
 التقسيم الإداري لولاية ولاية سكيكدة

عزابة

دائرة عزابة


A Igreja Evangélica Presbiteriana do Togo (em francês Église évangélique presbytérienne du Togo ou EEPT) é uma denominação presbiteriana, formada em 1959, quando a Igreja Evangélica Ewe foi dissolvida, dando origem às duas denominações presbiterianas nacionais, a EEPT e a Igreja Evangélica Presbiteriana do Gana.

A denominação tinha 180.000 membros em 2006, sendo a maior denominação presbiteriana do país.

A EEPT é também conhecida por sua atividade social, sendo constantes seus pronunciamentos sobre os temas políticos do país.

História

De 1884 a 1914, o Togo esteve sob o domínio colonial alemão. No início da Primeira Guerra Mundial, a região de língua Ewe foi ocupada e dividida pela Grã-Bretanha e França e a região ocidental tornou-se parte do Gana. Depois da guerra, a Liga das Nações consignou o território do atual Togo de hoje à França.

A história da igreja remonta aos esforços dos missionários alemães entre os Ewe em meados do século XIX (Sociedade Missionária do Norte da Alemanha). A primeira congregação no território do atual Togo foi estabelecido em 1893.

Após a partida dos missionários alemães, a igreja procurou manter sua unidade. Em 1922 foi constituída a Igreja Evangélica Ewe (IEE) que incluía toda a região. Mas cada vez mais as duas partes desenvolveram seu próprio perfil, procurando manter um vínculo constitucional por meio de um sínodo comum que se reunia a cada três anos.

Cada vez mais, a "Missão de Paris" aceitava a responsabilidade pela igreja no Togo. Em 1929 a igreja no Togo começou sua própria escola teológica e começou o trabalho evangelístico entre os Kabye no Norte.

Em 1955, a Igreja Unida de Cristo começou a trabalhar no Togo e, a partir de 1960, a Sociedade Missionária do Norte da Alemanha retomou as atividades. Em 1959 a igreja ganhou a independência, enquanto a outra parte da IEE tornou-se a Igreja Evangélica Presbiteriana do Gana.

Um ano depois, o Togo tornou-se independente. Os anos seguintes foram um período de renovação e expansão. Em 1965, diante do início da ditadura no país, a igreja emitiu um comunicado reforçando o dever das igrejas de levantar a voz nos assuntos públicos.

Em 1984 a igreja iniciou suas atividades entre os Kokomba no noroeste e se expandiu por todo o país.

Doutrina

A denominação subscreve o Credo dos Apóstolos e o Credo Niceno. Além disso, permite a ordenação de mulheres e se opõe ao casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo.

Relações Inter-Eclesiásticas
A igreja é membro do Concílio Mundial das Igrejas  e Comunhão Mundial das Igrejas Reformadas.

Além disso, a denominação tem relação muito próxima com a Igreja Evangélica Presbiteriana do Gana.

Denominações presbiterianas no Togo
Membros da Comunhão Mundial das Igrejas Reformadas
Membros do Conselho Mundial de Igrejas

Igreja Evangélica Presbiteriana do Togo


Das Haus Word 1, 2 ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Gebäude in der Stadt Quedlinburg in Sachsen-Anhalt.

Lage
Es befindet sich südlich des Marktes der Stadt. Das Gebäude ist im Quedlinburger Denkmalverzeichnis eingetragen und gehört zum UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe. Westlich des Hauses befindet sich das gleichfalls denkmalgeschützte Gebäude Word 3. Unmittelbar nördlich des Hauses fließt der Mühlengraben.

Architektur und Geschichte
Das langgezogene dreistöckige Fachwerkhaus wurde 1675 von Hans Rühle, nach einer anderen Schreibweise Hans Reule, errichtet. Die Inschrift HANS REULE ZIMMERMAN ist mit einem Wappen versehen. Bemerkenswert ist die Fachwerkfassade mit für den Quedlinburger Fachwerkbau typischen Erscheinungsformen. So finden sich in vielen Brüstungsfeldern Rautenkreuze. An der Stockschwelle, an der sich auch eine Inschrift befindet, sind Pyramidenbalkenköpfe vorhanden. Eine Tür des Hauses stammt aus dem Jahr 1730 und ist im Stil des Rokoko gestaltet.

Literatur
 Falko Grubitzsch in: Georg Dehio: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Sachsen-Anhalt. Band 1: Ute Bednarz, Folkhard Cremer u. a.: Regierungsbezirk Magdeburg. Neubearbeitung. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München u. a. 2002, ISBN 3-422-03069-7, S. 759.
 Landesamt für Denkmalpflege Sachsen-Anhalt (Hrsg.): Denkmalverzeichnis Sachsen-Anhalt. Band 7: Falko Grubitzsch, unter Mitwirkung von Alois Bursy, Mathias Köhler, Winfried Korf, Sabine Oszmer, Peter Seyfried und Mario Titze: Landkreis Quedlinburg. Teilband 1: Stadt Quedlinburg. Fliegenkopf, Halle 1998, ISBN 3-910147-67-4, S. 283 f.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Kulturdenkmal in Quedlinburg
Fachwerkhaus in Quedlinburg
Quedlinburg, Word 1
Word (Quedlinburg)

Word 1, 2 (Quedlinburg)


Die Denison Range ist ein Gebirge im Südwesten des australischen Bundesstaates Tasmanien. Die Gebirgskette ist ein Teil der Great Dividing Range und befindet sich im Ostteil des Franklin-Gordon-Wild-Rivers-Nationalparks, nordöstlich des Lake Gordon.

Wichtige Berge
Höchste Erhebung ist der im Südteil gelegene Great Dome,  hoch. Weiter nördlich befindet sich der Reeds Peak mit  Höhe.

Flüsse und Seen
Der Oberlauf des Gordon River fließt an der Ostflanke des Gebirges entlang, der Pokana River.und der Reeds Creek an seiner Westflanke. In der Nähe des Gebirgskamms finden sich zahlreiche kleine Gletscherseen, z. B. der Lake Murray, der Lake Rhona, der Crooked Lake, der Lake Wurawina, der Hanging Lake, der Lake Malana und der Lake Wugata.

Weblinks und Quellen
 LISTmap (Denison Range). Department of  Primary Industries and Water. Tasmanian Government

Einzelnachweise

Gebirge in Australien und Ozeanien
Gebirge in Tasmanien
Great Dividing Range
Tasmanische Wildnis

Denison Range


جون شيريدان ، من مواليد 1 أكتوبر 1964، لاعب كرة قدم إيرلندي سابق، ومدرب كرة قدم إيرلندي حالي.

لعب مع منتخب إيرلندا لكرة القدم.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب جون شيريدان خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 7 أندية في ستة وعشرون موسمًا وسجل خلالها 88 هدفًا ضمن 613 مباراة. ولم يفز بأي موسم بالكأس أو بالدوري.

خاض جون شيريدان مسيرته مع نادي ليدز يونايتد في موسم 1982–83 ليلعب معه سبعة مواسم، مشاركًا في 230 مباراة سجل خلالها 47 هدفًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي شيفيلد وينزداي في موسم 1989–90 ليلعب معه ثمانية مواسم، حيث شارك في 197 مباراة سجل خلالها 25 هدفًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي برمنغهام سيتي في موسم 1995–96 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في مباراتين ولم يسجل أي هدف. ثم انتقل إلى نادي بولتون واندررز في موسم 1996–97 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 32 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين. هذا وانتقل لاحقًا إلى نادي أولدهام أثلتيك في موسم 1998–99 ليلعب معه ستة مواسم، مشاركًا في 145 مباراة سجل خلالها 14 هدفًا.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إنجليز
لاعبو منتخب جمهورية أيرلندا لكرة القدم الرديف للرجال
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من سترتفورد
بريطانيون من أصل أيرلندي
لاعبو أولدهام أثلتيك
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو برمنغهام سيتي
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1988
لاعبو بولتون واندررز
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو شيفيلد وينزداي
لاعبو كأس العالم 1990
لاعبو كأس العالم 1994
لاعبو كرة قدم أيرلنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم إنجليز
لاعبو كرة قدم من مانشستر الكبرى
لاعبو ليدز يونايتد
لاعبو مانشستر سيتي
لاعبو منتخب جمهورية أيرلندا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب جمهورية أيرلندا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب جمهورية أيرلندا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو نادي دونكاستر روفرز
لاعبو نهائي كأس الاتحاد الإنجليزي
لاعبو نوتنغهام فورست
مدربو أولدهام أثلتيك
مدربو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
مدربو سويندون تاون
مدربو كرة قدم أيرلنديون
مدربو كرة قدم إنجليز
مدربو نوتس كاونتي
مدربو نيوبورت كونتي
مدربو ووترفورد يونايتد
مدربو ويغان أتلتيك
مواليد 1964
لاعبو كرة قدم دوليون تحت 21 سنة أيرلنديون

جون شيريدان