وادي الحلو منطقة كانت بالأمس القريب من أكثر المناطق قسوة على الإنسان سواء من ناحية المساكن القديمة أو الطرق الوعرة
لكن بفضل الجهود التي قام بها صاحب السمو الشيخ الدكتور سلطان بن محمد القاسمي حاكم الشارقة جعلها من أجمل المناطق في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة.

فوادي الحلو واحدة من القرى الصغيرة التابعة لإمارة الشارقة وتقع في منطقة الجبال والرمال الواقعة بين مدينة كلباء والمليحه وشوكه، كما تعتبر وادي الحلو من المناطق الأثرية حيث تحوي بعض القلاع القديمة إضافة إلى الصنم وهو معلم أثري مميز، ويمر فيه فلج حفر منذ القدم كان وما زال يستخدم في ري المزارع القريبة منه.

يقطن في وادي الحلو عدد قليل من السكان بلغ عددهم حوالي 1500-2000 نسمة.

الموقع الجغرافي

وادي الحلو من القرى الصغيرة التي تتبع إمارة الشارقة وتقع في منطقة الجبال والرمال الواقعة بين مدينة كلباء ومنطقة شوكه والمليحه ويحدها من الشمال وادي اصفني ومن الشرق وادي المضيق ومن الغرب وادي المنيعي. وهي من الناطق التابعة إداريا لمدينة كلباء فهي بعيدة نسبياً عن المدن فموقعها الجبلي جعل من الصعب اتصالها بالمدن فهي تبعد حوالي 75 كم عن مدينة كلباء تقطعها السيارة في زمن يتعدى الساعة لوعورة الطريق كان هذا قبل سنتين لكن في 4 فبراير 2002 قام الشيخ سلطان حاكم إمارة الشارقة بافتتاح نفق وادي الحلو – كلباء.والذي بدوره حل العديد من المشكلات التي كانت تعوق من حركة وتنقل السكان، يعتبر هذا النفق أطول نفق في الشرق الأوسط حيث يزيد طوله عن 1200 متر مخترقا الجبال الممتدة بين وادي المضيق ووادي المضيق ووادي القليعي لذا أصبحت المدة الزمنية التي يقطعها الراكب في السيارة من كلباء إلي وادي الحلو مدة 20 دقيقة.

التكوينات الطبيعية

وادي الحلو من اسمه فهو عبارة عن وادي سمي بالحلو لأن مياهه عذبة وكان جريان الوادي يستمر لعدة شهور لكن الآن في الوقت الحاضر ولتغيرا ت المناخ ولقلة الأمطار جفت مياه الوادي مما جعل السكان يحفرون الآبار لاستخراج المياه الجوفية لاستخدامها في الزراعة.

في الماضي كان وادي الحلو منطقه خضراء رائعة الجمال لوجود مصدر مياه فيه تلاقي وادي العجيلي مع وادي الحلو تسقي مزارع هذه القرية من مياه الوادي.
يحيط وادي الحلو العديد من الجبال مثل جبل المجشاع، وجبل تويب وجبل الأرنبة وجبل غلان فليفل وجبل الشعبة وجبل الشيا وجبل الينيز وجبل الروع وجبل السيلة تحمل هذه الجبال أسامي محلية أطلقها سكان القرية عليها لارتباطها بأحداث حدثت لهم.

المناخ الطبيعي

وادى الحلو مثلها مثل باقي الإمارات تتبع المناخ الصحراوي الحار
إلا أن موقعها في أعالي الجبال أضفى طابعها خاصا على مناخها.

ففي فصل الصيف ومع ارتفاع درجات الحرارة ونسمة الرطوبة في المنطقة الساحلية نرى أنه كلما اتجهنا للمناطق الجبلية قلت نسبة الرطوبة وبذلك يظهر لنا المناخ الحار الجاف، كما أنه تهب على المنطقة أنواع من الرياح في فصل الصيف مثل السموم والكوس
وتتأثر المنطقة أحيانا بالأمطار الموسمية الساقطة على جنوب شبه الجزيرة العربية لوجود الجبال.

أما في فصل الشتاء فنرى المناخ من الرائع من حيث الاعتدال في درجات الحرارة فهي أبرد نسبيا عن المناطق الساحلية إضافة إلى قلة الرطوبة النسبية، مما يجعل المنطقة جاذبة سياحيا لأهالي المدن في الإجازات الأسبوعية أو الأعياد والإجازات الرسمية حيث يقوم السياح بالتخييم في هذه المناطق الجبلية.

أما بالنسبة للأمطار فنرى أنه مع ندرة الأمطار في هذه المنطقة كما
هو الحال في جميع أرجاء دولة الإمارات إلا أن معظم الأمطار تكون شتوية ناتجة عن الرياح الشمالية والشمالية الغربية وتسقط الأمطار في المناطق الجبلية أكثر عن غيرها من المناطق وذلك لوجود الجبال التي تكون كجدار يصد الرياح المحملة بالأمطار مما ينتج عنه نمو بعض النباتات ولأعشاب وتحول الجبال إلى منطقة خضراء جاذبة للسياحة.

الثروات الطبيعية

أنعم الله سبحانه وتعالى على سكان وادي الحلو بالعديد من النعم التي جعلت من السكان يتأقلمون من طبيعة المنطقة ويتمسكون بالعيش فيها.

أ- بالنسبة للنباتات الطبيعية :
تنمو في وادي الحلو العديد من النباتات الطبيعية من مثل الزبيدية والعرجون والحماض والسيداف والسدر والسمر وهذا كله ناتج عن عن خصوبة التربة في أرض الوادي مما كان له الأثر الكبير في الحركة الرئيسية وهي حرفة الزراعة.
فقد كان نتيجة لأن وادي الحلو تقع في مجرى ودي جف، كان له أثر كبير في توافر التربة الزراعية وبالتالي إقامة المزارع التي تحوي العديد من المنتجات الزراعية من مثل : أشجار النخيل، والحمضيات، والعلف وبعض الخضار.

ب- بالنسبة للحيوانات :
نتيجة للطبيعة الجبلية للمنطقة تعيش العديد من الحيوانات البرية من مثل : الثعالب والزواحف كالأفاعي والعقارب والعناكب بأنواعها والصقور والعديد من أنواع الطيور.
أما بالنسبة للحيوانات التي يربيها أهالي المنطقة فتشمل الماعز، الخراف، الأبقار، والدواجن التي تتغذى على منتجات العلف من المزارع.
ج- بالنسبة للمعادن :
تحوي جبال وادي الحلو على العديد من المعادن كالحديد وغيرها من المعادن، ولكن باعتبار أرض وادي الحلو أرضاً بكراً فلا نرى أي استغلال للمعادن في هذه المنطقة.

أثرت هذه العوامل الطبيعية على الجوانب الاجتماعية للسكان فالطبيعة الجبلية جعلت من سكان القرية كأسرة واحدة لا يفرقهم أي شيء، فهم يتعاونون في الأفراح وفي الأحزان.

إنجازات حاكم الشارقه في منطقة وادي الحلو

أولى صاحب السمو الشيخ الدكتور سلطان بن محمد القاسمي حاكم الشارقة منطقة وادي الحلو الكثير من الاهتمام نظراً لبعدها عن المدن وقلة الخدمات بها، فمن ضمن الإنجازات التي قام بها في المنطقة :

1- المساكن الشعبية :
نظراً لقدم المساكن التي توجد بالمنطقة فقد أمر سمو حاكم الشارقة ببناء مساكن شعبية للمواطنين كان عددها 80 مسكنا اتسعت لجميع الأسر بالمنطقة إضافة إلى أنه يوجد مساكن إضافية للذين سيتزوجون قريباً.

المدارس :
حرصاً من صاحب السمو على تشجيع التعليم وتوفيره ً لكل فرد فقد قام بإنشاء مدرسة مشتركة للبنيين والبنات ولكن مع زيادة اهتمام سموه فقد تم إنشاء مدرسة منفصلة للبنات من الصف الرابع حتى الصف الثاني عشر تم افتتاحها عام 1997م وهي مدرسة عائشة بنت عثمان للتعليم الثانوي.
كما تم إنشاء مدرسة جديدة للبنيين من الصف الأول حتى الصف الثاني عشر وقد تم افتتاحها عام 2001م أطلق عليها اسم مدرسة وادي الحلو للتعليم الأساسي والثانوي.

إضافة إلى مدرسة الحصين للتعليم الأساسي والتي تشمل صفي الروضة والأول والثاني والثالث الأساسي للبنات كما قام سموه بمد المدارس بالمختبرات والأجهزة المدرسية.

3- نادي فتيات وادي الحلو :
تحت رعاية صاحبة السمو الشيخة جواهر بنت محمد القاسمي تم افتتاح مركز فتيات وادي الحلو عام 2002م والذي يشمل العديد من الأنشطة لفتاه وادي الحلو ومدينة الشارقة من خلال الإطلاع على الأنشطة الثقافية المتنوعة الأخرى والإفادة منها.
4- مركز طفل وادي الحلو:
افتتح هذا المركز حديثاً في عام 2003م والذي يقوم بأنشطة دينية وثقافية وفنية وموسيقية للأطفال من عمر 6 إلى 12 سنة.

5- مركز شرطة وادي الحلو :
وهذا المركز له دور كبير في الحفاظ على الأمن في المنطقة ورصد الحوادث والإبلاغ عنها.
6-العيادة الصحية :

نظراً لبعد منطقة وادي الحلو عن المدن وخدماتها فقد تم إنشاء عيادة صغيرة للسيطرة على الحالات الطارئة ومعالجة أهالي المنطقة.
7- الطرق المعبدة :

باعتبار منطقة وادي الحلو تقع موقعاً متوسطاً بين المنطقة الشرقية والشمالية بالدولة فنرى اهتمام صاحب السمو الشيخ الدكتور سلطان بن محمد القاسمي بتشييد الطرق المعبدة الواصلة بين المنطقتين الشرقية والشمالية.
وبذلك نرى مرور الطرق الرئيسية التي شيدت في العام 2002م إضافة إلى الجسور والنفق الذي يعتبر أكبر نفق في دولة الإمارات.

معرض الصور

مراجع

المصادر والمراجع
 دکتر:عبد الله، مرسی، محمد (الإمارات العربیة وجیرانها) دار القلم: کویت، عام 1981 للميلاد.
 دکتر: المجد، کمال، احمد، (دولة الإمارات العربیة المتحدة، دراسة مسحیة شاملة).، شرکه المصریة للطباعة والنشر: عام 1978 للميلاد.
 دکتر: رحمه، عبد الله، بن عبد الرحمن، " (الإمارات فی ذاکرة ابنائها) "، عام 1990 للميلاد.
 لفتنانت کونیل، سیر آرنولد ویلسون، ،  «(تاریخ عمان والخلیج)»  ،. انتشار عام 1988 للميلاد.
 دکتر: المجد، کمال، احمد، (دولة الإمارات العربیة المتحدة، دراسة مسحیة شاملة) .، الشركة المصریة للطباعة والنشر: القاهرة، عام 1978 للميلاد.
 شبكة مدينة كلباء

أماكن مأهولة في الشارقة
إمارة الشارقة
جغرافيا الإمارات العربية المتحدة
قرى إمارة الشارقة

وادي الحلو


Graham's Magazine a fost o revistă americană din secolul al XIX-lea cu sediul la Philadelphia, ce a fost fondată de George Rex Graham și publicată din 1841  până în 1858. Ea a fost denumită alternativ Graham's Lady's and Gentleman's Magazine (1841-1842, și iulie 1843 - iunie 1844), Graham's Magazine of Literature and Art (ianuarie 1844 - iunie 1844), Graham's American Monthly Magazine of Literature and Art (iulie 1848 - iunie 1856), și Graham's Illustrated Magazine of Literature, Romance, Art, and Fashion (iulie 1856 - 1858).

Revista a fost fondată după fuziunea între Burton's Gentleman's Magazine și Atkinson's Casket în 1840. Publicând povestiri, recenzii critice și articole despre muzică, precum și informații despre modă, Graham a dorit ca revista să se adreseze tuturor segmentelor de public, atât bărbați, cât și femei. El a oferit o plată mare de 5 dolari pe pagină, atrăgându-i cu succes pe unii dintre cei mai cunoscuți scriitori de la acea vreme. De asemenea, el a devenit cunoscut pentru gravurile și lucrările sale de artă. Graham's a fost prima revistă din Statele Unite ale Americii care a revendicat drepturi de autor pentru fiecare număr.

Edgar Allan Poe a devenit redactor al Graham's în februarie 1841 și în curând a publicat recenzii critice dure pentru care a devenit cunoscut. Aici a fost publicată pentru prima dată povestirea "Crimele din Rue Morgue", recunoscută acum ca prima povestire polițistă. După ce Poe a plecat de la această revistă, succesorul său a fost Rufus Wilmot Griswold, un om care-l disprețuia pe Poe. Graham's a început să respingă materialele trimise de Poe și a pierdut șansa de a publica poemul "Corbul". Graham a părăsit revista pentru un timp în 1848, iar aceasta și-a încetat apariția în cele din urmă în anul 1858.

Istoric
În decembrie 1840, Graham achiziționase deja Burton's Gentleman's Magazine pentru 3.500 de dolari, plătind câte un dolar pentru fiecare din cei 3.500 de abonați, și a fuzionat-o cu o altă revistă recent achiziționată, Atkinson's Casket, care avea doar 1.500 de abonați. Casket, ce avea subtitlul "Flowers of Literature, Wit, and Sentiment", exista din anul 1826  și, în ciuda numărului mic de abonați, avea o situație financiară înfloritoare.

Graham a intenționat ca noua sa revistă să devină populară atât printre bărbați, cât și printre femei, publicând articole despre modă, fotografii, muzică, povestiri scurte și comentarii critice. El a sperat, de asemenea, să atragă atât publicul de masă, cât și pe cei cu gusturi mai rafinate. Graham nu era un scriitor el însuși, scriind doar o secțiune de pe ultima pagină a fiecărui număr numită "Graham's Small Talk", și s-a bazat foarte mult pe contribuitori. În acest scop, Graham s-a asigurat că revista este populară în rândul scriitorilor, plătind 5 dolari pentru fiecare pagină a revistei. Alte reviste plăteau la acel moment doar 1 dolar pe pagină.Încercarea sa de a-i atrage pe cei mai buni colaboratori a funcționat; astfel au colaborat la această revistă William Cullen Bryant, Nathaniel Hawthorne, James Russell Lowell, Christopher Pearse Cranch, Fitz-Greene Halleck, George D. Prentice, Alice, Horace Binney Wallace și Phoebe Cary. Nu toți scriitorii, cu toate acestea, au fost plătiți. Într-o notiță din numărul din mai 1841 scria:

James Fenimore Cooper a fost, se pare, cel mai bine plătit colaborator al lui Graham's, el primind 1.600 de dolari pentru seria "The Islets of the Gulf, or Rose-Budd", publicată ulterior ca Jack Tier, or The Florida Reefs. El a primit alți 1.000 de dolari pentru o serie de biografii ale comandanților navali valoroși. Graham's a fost considerată la un moment dat ca având lista celor mai valoroși colaboratori pe care i-a avut vreodată o revistă americană. Graham's a afirmat că costul economic al mai multor numere ale revistei a ajuns la 1.500 de dolari doar în ceea ce privește drepturile de autor.

Graham's ar fi fost prima revistă din America care și-ar fi înregistrat drepturi de autor pentru fiecare număr. Prin martie 1842, Graham's Magazine avea un tiraj de 40.000 de exemplare. Această creștere a reflectat piața americană aflată în schimbare. John Sartain credea că succesul revistei se datora ilustrațiilor sale care apăreau în fiecare număr. Saturday Evening Post a informat că ediția din august 1841 a revistei Graham's costa 1.300 de dolari din cauza acestor "ornamente". The Post a raportat la 30 aprilie 1842: "este îndoielnic dacă gravuri de o asemenea frumusețe au împodobit vreodată o operă americană". Gravurile tipice din Graham's reproduceau poduri, gospodine fericite și scene care se axau pe viața domestică liniștită și promovau căsătoria. Colectivul redacțional a crescut și a inclus "două doamne redactor", Ann S. Stephens și Emma Catherine Embury.

Poe ca redactor
Graham l-a angajat pe Edgar Allan Poe pe post de critic și redactor în februarie 1841 cu un salariu anual de 800 de dolari. Poe și-a suspendat planul de publicare a propriei sale reviste, The Penn, pentru a lucra pentru Graham, care a promis să-i subvenționeze proiectele antreprenoriale ale lui Poe într-un termen de un an, dar nu a făcut-o niciodată. Poe a fost nemulțumit de conținutul revistei Graham's; nu i-au plăcut în mod particular "imaginile demne de dispreț, ilustrațiile de modă, muzica și poveștile de dragoste" pentru care era cunoscută revista. Graham, cu toate acestea, a fost conștient de statutul lui Poe ca scriitor și critic și era sigur că el va crește popularitatea revistei. El l-a prezentat astfel pe noul său redactor în paginile revistei: "Dl. POE este prea bine cunoscut în lumea literară pentru a avea nevoie de un cuvânt de recomandare".

Poe a avut un asistent care-l ajuta în corespondența cu colaboratorii, lăsându-i suficient timp liber pentru a scrie propriile sale povestiri. Poe a avut, de asemenea, o relație excelentă cu Graham și a profitat de controlul editorial pe care l-a primit. În această revistă au apărut pentru prima oară "Crimele din Rue Morgue", "O pogorâre în Maelström", "The Island of the Fay", "Masca Morții Roșii" și altele. El a recenzat, de asemenea, The Old Curiosity Shop de Charles Dickens, Twice-Told Tales de Nathaniel Hawthorne, precum și scrieri ale lui Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Washington Irving și mulți alții. El și-a construit o reputație de critic literar aspru, făcându-l pe James Russell Lowell să sugereze că Poe ar fi confundat uneori "flaconul său de acid prusic cu cel de cerneală". În Graham's, Poe a lansat, de asemenea, seria Literati of New York, în care analiza operele celor mai cunoscute personalități culturale din New York, dar care l-a expus pe Poe criticii gratuite a acestor personalități. Ziarul Philadelphia Inquirer cataloga articolul lui Poe în octombrie 1841 drept "cel mai singular și, în același timp, cel mai interesant articol" al revistei.

Poe a renunțat la postul său de la Graham's în aprilie 1842, dar a continuat ocazional să trimită contribuții. În 1847 a acceptat în mod voluntar o reducere da plății uzuale la 4 dolari pe pagină pentru a acoperi o datorie pe care i-o datora lui Graham.

Deși el și-a calificat inițial salariul ca "generos" ["liberal" în engleză], Poe s-ar fi plâns mai târziu de plata insipidă ["nambypamby"] de 800 de dolari pe an în comparație cu câștigurile presupuse ale lui Graham de 25.000 de dolari. Potrivit unei povești probabil apocrife, Poe ar fi revenit la birou în aprilie 1842, după o absență scurtă pe motiv de boală, și l-ar fi găsit acolo pe Charles Peterson, un alt redactor, așezat la biroul său și realizându-i sarcinile. Supărat, Poe ar fi demisionat pe loc. Pe atunci, cu toate acestea, prezența sa avea un impact semnificativ asupra revistei Graham's. La un an după plecarea lui Poe, redactorul George Lippard din Philadelphia afirma: "Domnul Poe a fost cel care a făcut Graham's Magazine ceea ce era acum un an; era intelectul său cel care a dat acestei reviste acum slabe și șubrede un ton de rafinament și vigoare mentală".

După plecarea lui Poe
Rufus Wilmot Griswold, un critic și antologist binecunoscut, ca și marele rival al lui Poe, a preluat redactarea revistei după plecarea lui Poe în aprilie 1842. Înlocuirea sa a fost atât de rapidă că timp de mai mulți ani a circulat un zvon că Poe a mers la lucru într-o zi și l-a văzut acolo pe Griswold așezat deja pe scaunul lui. Deși această poveste nu este adevărată, angajarea lui Griswold și plecarea lui Poe au fost destul de controversate. Așa cum a scris Jesse E. Dow în Index din Washington: "Am fi dat mai mult pentru o unghie de la piciorul lui Edgar A. Poe decât pentru sufletul lui Rueful Grizzle [joc de cuvinte pentru numele lui Griswold], afară de cazul în care ne-am fi dorit o strecurătoare de lapte. Iată sentimentele noastre". Griswold ar fi fost plătit cu un salariu de 1000 de dolari pe an, cu 200 de dolari mai mult decât fusese plătit Poe. În calitate de redactor, Griswold a avut ceva succes, el încheind un contract cu Henry Wadsworth Longfellow pentru a publica o perioadă numai în Graham's. Longfellow a fost plătit cu aproximativ 50 de dolari pentru fiecare poem publicat. Graham's a fost, de asemenea, prima revistă care a publicat piesa The Spanish Student a lui Longfellow în 1842; el a fost plătit cu 150 de dolari.

Prin septembrie 1842, Graham a fost nemulțumit de activitatea lui Griswold și i-a făcut o ofertă lui Poe pentru a se întoarce, dar el a respins-o. Mai târziu, în 1844, Poe a oferit prima publicare a poemului "Corbul" lui Graham, care a refuzat-o. Potrivit unor relatări, Graham i-ar fi dat 15 dolari lui Poe ca un act de caritate prietenesc, dar nu i-ar fi plăcut poezia. Graham s-a revanșat față de Poe ceva mai târziu prin publicarea eseului "Filozofia compoziției", în care Poe vorbea despre sursele sale de inspirație pentru celebrul său poem și despre teoriile sale cu privire la scrierea de calitate. Joseph Ripley Chandler și Bayard Taylor au fost, de asemenea, pentru scurte perioade ca redactori adjuncți ai revistei în 1848, iar Edwin Percy Whipple a fost principalul său critic literar pentru un timp.

Declinul

În 1848, după unele dificultăți financiare cauzate de investiții proaste în industria cuprului, Graham a vândut revista lui Samuel Dewee Patterson, deși și-a păstrat titlul de redactor. Sartain, ale cărui gravuri au devenit o parte importantă a Graham's, a plecat pentru a-și fonda propriul său jurnal, Sartain's Union Magazine, în 1849. Oamenii care au aflat de dificultățile lui Graham's l-au ajutat să-și recapete o parte din averea sa, iar el și-a răscumpărat acțiunile la revistă în 1850. Competiția cu Harper's New Monthly Magazine începând din acel an a provocat scăderi semnificative ale abonamentelor, precum și lipsa unui drept de autor pe plan internațional. Charles Godfrey Leland a preluat revista atunci când Graham a plecat în 1853 sau 1854 și Graham's Magazine și-a încetat apariția în anul 1858.

Vezi și
Printre alte reviste americane în care Edgar Allan Poe a fost implicat se numără:
 American Review: A Whig Journal
 Broadway Journal
 Burton's Gentleman's Magazine
 Godey's Lady's Book
 Southern Literary Messenger
 The Stylus

Referințe

Legături externe

The Casket and Graham's Magazine at Edgar Allan Poe Society online
Graham's Magazine at Google Book Search

Reviste din Statele Unite ale Americii
Edgar Allan Poe

Graham's Magazine


Tarkhundaradu a fost rege în regiunea Arzawa. A purtat corespondență cu faraonul Egiptului Amenofis al III-lea (1417 - 1379 î.e.n.).

Note

Perioada Amarna

Tarkhundaradu


Azadeh Kian-Thiébaut (nascida em 1958) é uma acadêmica franco-iraniana, professora de Sociologia, diretora do departamento de Ciências Sociais e diretora do Centro de Estudos Feministas e de Gênero da Universidade de Paris. Ela está incluída e reconhecida no projeto da BBC 100 Women.

Biografia
De 1987 a 1990, Azadeh Kian-Thiébaut foi professora de Sociologia Política na Universidade da Califórnia (UCLA), em Los Angeles, nos Estados Unidos. Em 1995, ingressou no corpo docente da Universidade Paris III e, posteriormente, na Universidade Paris VIII, no departamento de Seine-Saint-Denis, na região Île-de-France, na França. Ela é especialista em pesquisa em estudos iranianos e magrebinos e pesquisadora do laboratório iraniano Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). Seus trabalhos notáveis incluem Ter vinte anos no Irã (Alternatives, 1999), Mulheres iranianas entre o Estado Islâmico e a família (Maisonneuve & Larose, 2002) e A República Islâmica do Irã: da Casa do Guia à Razão de Estado (Michalon, 2005). Em 1996, ela publicou o artigo Mulheres iranianas contra o clero: islâmicas e secularistas unidas pela primeira vez, no Le Monde diplomatique, e em 2010 ela publicou o artigo Feminismo islâmico no Irã: uma nova forma de subjugação ou o surgimento da agência? na revista Crítica internacional. Em suas obras, ela critica as leis islâmicas (shari'a) nos países muçulmanos e as vê como uma ameaça aos direitos de igualdade das mulheres.

O Servizio d'informatione religiosa (SIR) a definiu como "a mulher mais ouvida da diáspora iraniana".

Ativismo
Ela está entre as mulheres da diáspora iraniana mais consultadas no mundo para comentar as evoluções sociais e políticas de seu país natal.

Ela descreveu o momento da morte de Mahsa Amini como um ponto de inflexão em que a sociedade civil contradiz abertamente o poder iraniano ("O que há de inédito nesses protestos é que as mulheres estão liderando o cargo") e fez uma apresentação como convidada no Parlamento Europeu, em outubro de 2022, após uma reunião com a presidente do Parlamento Europeu, Roberta Metsola. Ela falou no Les Echos Belgium sobre talibanização do poder no Irã. Ela afirmou que a crise no Irã é uma revolução para mudar o regime, e não apenas um protesto da sociedade civil.

Publicações

 Thiébaut, Azadeh. Secularização do Irã: um fracasso condenado? A nova classe média e a formação do Irã moderno (Travaux et memoires de l'Institut d'Etudes iraniennes). Leuven: Peeters Publishers, 1998.
 Thiébaut, Azadeh. Les femmes iraniennes entre islam, Etat et famille. Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, 2002.
 Eshraghi, Isabelle, Azadeh Thiébaut Thiébaut e Seyyed E. Nabavi. Avoir 20 ans à Téhéran. Paris: Ed. Alternativas, 1999.

Veja também

 100 Mulheres (BBC)
 Mulheres na categoria BBC 100 Mulheres

Professores da Universidade de Paris
Feministas do Irã
Sociólogos do Irão
Pessoas vivas
Nascidos em 1958
Pessoas na lista BBC 100 Mulheres de 2013

Azadeh Kian


Sezgin Burak (15 Mayıs 1935 - 4 Ekim 1978), Türk karikatürist ve çizgi roman sanatçısı.

Hayatı
Türk ve Avrupa basınında değerli eserler veren Sezgin Burak, 15 Mayıs 1935 tarihinde Adapazarı'nda doğdu. İlk karikatürleri, ilkokul sırasında Doğan Kardeş dergisinde yayımlandı. Sezgin Burak, profesyonel olarak ilk eserlerini İstanbul Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi'ne girdiği 1952 senesinde vermeye başladı.

Sırasıyla; "Akbaba"da karikatürler, Aydabir, Yirminci Asır, Bütün Dünya ve Hafta mecmualarında resimler ve kompozisyonlar yaptı. 1957 yılında resim ve dekorasyon öğrenimini tamamlayarak Akademi'den mezun oldu. Aynı yıl Cumhuriyet Gazetesinde, Fakir Baykurt'un Yunus Nadi ödülü kazanan ünlü romanı, "Yılanların Öcü"nü resimledi.

1958'de Cumhuriyet Gazetesi'''nde günlük karikatürler, çeşitli tiyatrolarda sahne dekorları ve aynı gazetede "Alageyik" romanını resimlendirdi. Hayat ve Ses mecmualarında roman ve hikâye resimleri, ayrıca kitap kapakları ve sinema reklamları hazırladı.

1964 yılında Bizimkiler adlı bant karikatür tipini yarattı. Kardeşi Ersin Burak, Sezgin Burak'ın başlattığı Bizimkiler isimli çizgi bandının çizimlerini Sezgin Burak'ın ölümünden sonra devam ettirdi. 1965'te İtalya'da "El Cougar" kahramanını yarattı. 1971 yılında, bu ünlü komik bantı karikatürü yapımcı Lale Oraoğlu tarafından Hüdaverdi-Pırtık film olarak çekildi.

1966'da Milano'da düzenlenen Avrupa Reklam Yarışması'nda iki birincilik aldı.

1966'da İtalya'nın Milano şehrinde ünlü çizgi roman kahramanı Tarkanın ilk eskizlerini hazırladı. Tarkan çizgi romanı, 14 Nisan 1967'de Hürriyet gazetesinde günlük olarak yayımlanmaya başladı. Daha sonra Tarkan'ın maceraları, sinemaya da aktarılarak beş adet film çevrildi.

1968 ve 1969 yıllarında Yaşar Kemal'in İnce Memed romanını, 1970'te ise Ağrı Dağı Efsanesi romanını resimlendirdi. 1976'da Çoban Çantası'' adlı resimli romanını yarattı.

Son olarak çeşitli akrilik ve yağlı boya çalışmaları da yapan sanatçı, 1978 yılında İstanbul'da kendisini dördüncü kattan atarak yaşamına son verdi.

Resimler

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0120695/
 http://www.tarkan.com.tr/index.php/tr/

1935 doğumlular
1978 yılında ölenler
Türk karikatüristler
Türk çizgi romancılar
Türkiye'de intihar edenler
Düşme sonucu ölenler

Sezgin Burak


Oakland is the academic and healthcare center of Pittsburgh and one of the city's major cultural centers. Home to three universities, museums, hospitals, shopping venues, restaurants, and recreational activities, this section of the city also includes two city-designated historic districts: the mostly residential Schenley Farms Historic District and the predominantly institutional Oakland Civic Center Historic District, as well as the locally-designated Oakland Square Historic District.

In addition, the Pittsburgh Bureau of Fire operates Fire Station No. 14 on McKee Place and Fire Station No. 10 on Allequippa Street.

Neighborhoods

Oakland is officially divided into four neighborhoods: North Oakland, West Oakland, Central Oakland, and South Oakland. Each section has a unique identity, and offers its own flavor of venues and housing. Oakland is Pittsburgh's second most populated neighborhood with 22,210 residents, a majority of these residents being students. Scattered amongst Oakland's four neighborhoods are 29 distinct flights of city steps – many of which are open and in a safe condition. These Steps of Pittsburgh quickly connect pedestrians to public transportation and provide an easy way to travel through this densely populated area. As of 2020, two of these public stairways, Joncaire Street (Central Oakland) and Louisa Street (West Oakland), also contain runnels which allow cyclists to easily transport a bike up or down the flight.

North Oakland
North Oakland can be loosely defined as the area of Oakland between Neville and Bouquet Streets, encompassing all of Craig Street and running north to Polish Hill. The Cathedral of Learning, the engineering or midsection of the University of Pittsburgh campus, and the Craig Street business district are in North Oakland.

RAND's Pittsburgh center is located in North Oakland as well as the long time RIDC business incubator on Henry Street. The Islamic Center of Pittsburgh, the largest mosque in the city, is located in North Oakland.  This sector is also home to the Schenley Farms Historic District and many mid-rise condominium and apartment buildings.

Central Oakland
Central Oakland is bordered by Schenley Park, the Boulevard of the Allies, Fifth Avenue, and Halket Street. Many students at the University of Pittsburgh who decide to live off-campus reside in this neighborhood. Many of its homes are historic masonry structures dating from the turn of the century. The area is often mistakenly called South Oakland. Its Main Business District runs along Forbes and Fifth Avenue, and contains a diversity of restaurants, retailers, and financial services. These businesses are organized by the Oakland Business Improvement District (OBID). Smaller business districts in Central Oakland provide additional dining options along Atwood Street and Semple Street. It is also the location of the relatively isolated and historic neighborhood of Panther Hollow which runs along Boundary Street in Junction Hollow as well as the Oakland Square Historic District.

South Oakland
South Oakland runs along the Monongahela River and forms a triangular shape between the Monongahela River, the Boulevard of the Allies, and the western bank of Junction Hollow. Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC and the Pittsburgh Technology Center are major landmarks of this neighborhood. The neighborhood is split between a riverfront flood plain to the southwest and a plateau to the northeast. The plateau is divided into two primarily residential areas which are separated from one another by Bates Street, which runs up a valley from the flood plain to the plateau. The residents of the neighborhood on the north side of Bates Avenue call their neighborhood Oakcliffe. The flood plain was previously packed with industrial sites such as the Pittsburgh Works Consolidated Gas Co. and the Jones & Laughlin Steel Co., but presently, the Pittsburgh Technology Center hosts facilities such as the Entertainment Technology Center of Carnegie Mellon University.

Some residents of Central Oakland think of their neighborhood as being part of South Oakland. However, the border between Central Oakland and South Oakland is further south than they believe. The area between Forbes Avenue and Boulevard of the Allies is officially part of Central Oakland. Articles in some news media have made this error; for example, a column about street cleanliness near the University of Pittsburgh used the term "South Oakland" to describe an area entirely within the boundaries of Central Oakland.

South Oakland is reputed to be a student neighborhood, but only 36.9% of its population is between the ages of 18 and 24, compared to Central Oakland's figure of 74.1%. The difference is largely because the area between Forbes Avenue and the Boulevard of the Allies houses many undergraduate students. While it is commonly considered to be in South Oakland, it is actually the heart of Central Oakland.

South Oakland was the childhood home of Andy Warhol, and later the residence of fellow pop artist Keith Haring.  Haring had his first art show while living in Oakland. NFL Hall of Fame Quarterback Dan Marino was also born in Oakland, not far from Warhol's home. Dan Marino Field on Frazier Street was named in honor of its native son. Although they were not contemporaries, Warhol and Marino grew up on the same block with their former houses only a few doors apart.

West Oakland
West Oakland is bordered by Fifth Avenue in the south, DeSoto Street in the east, the Birmingham Bridge to the west, and Aliquippa Street to the north. While the smallest of the Oakland districts, the neighborhood hosts a range of commercial and residential dwellings.

Among notable commercial operations exists Carlow University and most of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, including UPMC Presbyterian and UPMC Montefiore.

The residential makeup is diverse and consists of a number of long-time, permanent residents living alongside students completing their undergrad and graduate degrees. Many permanent residents have called West Oakland home dating back to around 1990, when a program to incentivize first time home buyers actively brought the neighborhood to life. Entertainment and residential life has a catalyst through The Corner, which hosts social events of all kinds. Here you can find pop up art displays to jazz nights, afterschool programs, and more.

Not Oakland

Although the campus of Carnegie Mellon University and parts of Schenley Park, including Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens and Flagstaff Hill are popularly referred to as being in Oakland, and are located with the 15213 zip code, they are actually part of the adjacent neighborhood of Squirrel Hill North. The border between Oakland and Squirrel Hill runs along Junction Hollow.

History
The name first appeared in 1839 in a local paper, Harris' Intelligencer. The area got its name from the abundance of oak trees found on the farm of William Eichbaum, who settled there in 1840. Oakland developed rapidly following the Great Fire of 1845 in Downtown Pittsburgh, with many people moving out to suburban territory. By 1860, there was considerable commercial development along Fifth Avenue.

In 1868, Oakland Township, just two years after seceding from Pitt Township, was annexed to the City of Pittsburgh. Twenty-one years later, Mary Schenley gave the city 300 acres in Oakland for a park. Officials bought another 100 acres from her for "Schenley Park." And Mary Schenley gave another gift: land for Schenley Plaza. At Schenley Plaza, industrialist Andrew Carnegie built a library, museum and concert hall complex, which opened in 1895.

In 1917, Teddy Roosevelt visited the neighborhood.

Oakland has long been considered Pittsburgh's university center. Carnegie Mellon University is the result of a 1967 merger of the Carnegie Institute of Technology, founded in Oakland in 1900 by Andrew Carnegie, and Mellon Institute, founded in 1913 by Andrew W. and Richard B. Mellon to conduct industrial research. The University of Pittsburgh, which is heir to the Pittsburgh Academy that was incorporated in 1787, relocated to Oakland in 1909 from its campus that was then in Allegheny.

Some of the most impressive architecture in Oakland is on Pitt's campus. In 1925, work began on what was then the world's tallest educational building, the 42-story Cathedral of Learning. Although the Cathedral of Learning is now the fourth-tallest educationally purposed building in the world, it remains the world's second tallest university building, the tallest educational building in the Western Hemisphere, and the second tallest gothic-styled building in the world. Oakland is also home to the university's French-Gothic revival Heinz Memorial Chapel and St. Paul Cathedral, the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh. It is also home of the main branch of the Carnegie Library, the Carnegie Museum, and Phipps Conservatory.

Baseball fans might know Oakland for the beloved Forbes Field, which was built in 1909 as the third home to the Pittsburgh Pirates and first home to the Pittsburgh Steelers. While Forbes Field was closed in 1970, some remnants of the ballpark still stand. Pirates fans gather on the site each year on the anniversary of Bill Mazeroski's World Series winning home run on October 13, 1960.

The Decade nightclub was a staple of the neighborhood in the 1970s and 1980s.

Surrounding neighborhoods
North Oakland has eight borders with the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Bloomfield to the northeast, Shadyside and Squirrel Hill North to the east, Central Oakland to the south, West Oakland to the southwest, the Terrace Village region of the Hill District to the west, the Upper Hill District to the northwest Polish Hill to the north-northwest.  North Oakland also runs catty-corner (without a direct border) with Lower Lawrenceville to the north with its meeting point in the middle of the Bloomfield Bridge.

Central Oakland has five Pittsburgh neighborhood borders, including North Oakland to the north, Squirrel Hill North to the northeast, Squirrel Hill South to the east, South Oakland to the south and southwest, and West Oakland to the northwest.

South Oakland has six land borders, including the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Central Oakland to the northeast, Squirrel Hill South to the east, Greenfield to the southeast, Hazelwood to the south-southeast, Bluff to the west, and West Oakland to the northwest.  Across the Monongahela River, South Oakland runs adjacent with Pittsburgh's South Side Flats neighborhood.

West Oakland has six borders with the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of North Oakland to the northeast, Central Oakland to the southeast, South Oakland to the south and south-southeast, Bluff to the southwest, and the Crawford-Roberts and Terrace Village regions of the Hill District to the west and northwest, respectively.

Sites
The neighborhood is the location of the massive Carnegie culture complex, originally funded by Andrew Carnegie, which includes the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Carnegie Museum of Art, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, and Carnegie Music Hall.
Oakland is home to St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Cathedral, sponsor of the annual Greek Food Festival, as well as St. Paul Cathedral, mother church of the Diocese of Pittsburgh, and the neighboring Pittsburgh Chinese Church, and St. George Orthodox Cathedral, the seat of the bishop of the Diocese of Charleston, Oakland, and the Mid-Atlantic.
Oakland's University of Pittsburgh Medical Center pioneered modern organ transplant surgery (home of Dr. Thomas Starzl).  In 1955, the first effective polio vaccine was developed by Dr. Jonas Salk at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine.
Oakland was, at various points, the home of many professional Pittsburgh sports team, including the hockey Pittsburgh Pirates (NHL), Pittsburgh Steelers and the baseball Pittsburgh Pirates. They played at now-defunct venues such as the Duquesne Gardens, Pitt Stadium, and Forbes Field.
The Pittsburgh Symphony and many touring plays and musical acts performed at the also now-defunct Syria Mosque.  The Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera also called the neighborhood home, performing until 1961 at Pitt Stadium. The Pittsburgh Playhouse was founded in Oakland.
WQED, Pittsburgh's PBS station and the first community-sponsored television station in the United States, has been located in Oakland since 1954, although it moved from its original building to a new, larger one in 1970. WQED's first building, which had originally been the manse of a neighboring church, is now the Music Building of the University of Pittsburgh's main campus. Mr. Rogers' Neighborhood, the nationally syndicated children's show, was taped at WQED's studios in Oakland.
WDTV-TV, now KDKA-TV, the region's first television station, went on the air at the Syria Mosque in Oakland on 11 January 1949. The event, aired on all four TV networks of the time DuMont, CBS, NBC, and ABC, was the first to "network" East Coast and Midwest TV stations into a modern "television network" of Pittsburgh and 13 other cities from Boston to St. Louis.
Oakland is less than  from Downtown Pittsburgh, and as a whole is bordered by Shadyside, Squirrel Hill, the Hill District, Greenfield, Bloomfield, and Bluff.

Other attractions

Museums and galleries
Carnegie Museum of Art
Carnegie Museum of Natural History
Kimbo Art Gallery and International Jazz Hall of Fame (Pitt Union)
Dental and Pharmacy Museums (Salk Hall)
Miller Gallery at Carnegie Mellon University
Nationality Rooms
Nicholas Lochoff Cloister and University Arts Gallery (Pitt)
Soldiers and Sailors National Military Museum and Memorial
Stephen Foster Memorial

Music and theater
Bellefield Hall
Carnegie Mellon Philharmonic
Carnegie Mellon University Kiltie Band
Carnegie Music Hall
Friday Nite Improvs
Heinz Chapel Choir
Opera Theater of Pittsburgh
Petersen Events Center
Pitt African Music and Dance Ensemble
Pitt Jazz Ensemble
Pitt Men's Glee Club
Purnell Center for the Arts
Scotch'n'Soda
Stephen Foster Memorial
Studio Theatre (Cathedral of Learning)
University of Pittsburgh Orchestra
University of Pittsburgh Stages
University of Pittsburgh Varsity Marching Band

National Register of Historic Places
Cathedral of Learning
Carnegie Institute and Library
Henry Clay Frick Training School for Teachers
Schenley Farms Historic District
Schenley High School building
Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall
Mellon Institute
Phipps Conservatory
Pittsburgh Athletic Association

Churches
Bellefield Presbyterian Church
Cathedral of Saint Paul in Pittsburgh
First Baptist Church
Heinz Memorial Chapel (University of Pittsburgh)
St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Cathedral
The Ryan Catholic Newman Center: Oratory of St. Philip Neri
 Church of the Ascension

Education and hospitals
Carlow University
Carnegie Mellon University
Fanny Edel Falk Laboratory School
Pittsburgh Public Schools
Pittsburgh Science and Technology Academy
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
University of Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian (UPMC)

Libraries
Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh (Main)
Grace Library (Carlow University)
Hillman Library (University of Pittsburgh)
Hunt Library (Carnegie Mellon University)

Parks and gardens
Cathedral of Learning Lawn
Kraus Campo
Petersen Events Center Lawn
Phipps Conservatory & Botanical Gardens
Soldiers and Sailors Lawn
Schenley Park
Schenley Plaza

Sculpture and memorials
Christopher Lyman Magee Memorial
"Dippy"
Forbes Field remnants and plaza
The Hiker
Light Up
Man
A Song to Nature
Ode to Space
 University of Pittsburgh Panthers
Stephen Foster
Walking to the Sky

Notable people
 Lester Goran, writer and professor, University of Miami
 Dan Marino, former Miami Dolphins quarterback and Pro Football Hall of Fame member

Gallery

See also

List of Pittsburgh neighborhoods
 University Park, Pennsylvania – home to Penn State University
 University City, Philadelphia – home to University of Pennsylvania
 Cecil B. Moore, Philadelphia – home to Temple University

Notes

References

External links

Interactive Pittsburgh Neighborhoods Map

Neighborhoods in Pittsburgh
Academic enclaves
Economy of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks
Pittsburgh

Oakland (Pittsburgh)


Krusåvej  er en to sporet omfartsvej og er en forsættelse af Omfartsvejen og går øst om Løgumkloster. Vejen er en del af sekundærrute 401 der går imellem Døstrup og Tinglev og sekundærrute 429 der går imellem Løgumkloster og Rødekro.

Den er med til at lede trafikken der skal mod Tinglev og Rødekro uden om Løgumkloster, så byen ikke bliver belastet af for meget trafik.

Vejen forbinder Omfartsvejen i vest, med Krusåvej i øst og har forbindelse til Jørgensgaardvej og Stationsvej.

Kilder

Løgumkloster
Omfartsveje i Danmark

Krusåvej (Løgumkloster)


القَوْصَرَة في  هي وعاء من قصب أو أعواد مشبّكة يُجعل فيه التمر ونحوه.
 قوصرة، وهي جزيرة إيطالية تقع بين صقلية وتونس.
 قوصرة، وهي (في التقسيم الإداري الإيطالي) بلدية  إيطالية تضم جزيرة قوصرة.
 قوصرة، وهو مصطلح في فن العمارة.

قوصرة (توضيح)


Beyören, Samsun ilinin Havza ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin adı, daha önce Beyviran olup zamanla değişmiştir.

Uzun bir tarihi geçmişe sahip olan Beyören mahallesinin 18. yüzyıl başlarında ünlü seyyah Evliya Çelebi tarafından da ziyaret edildiği bilinmektedir.

Bir rivayete göre; çok eski dönemlerde bölge krallıkla yönetiliyormuş. Kral, Tavşan dağı eteklerinde bir kilise inşaatına başlar ve inşaat devam ederken sefere gitmesi gerekir. Sefere giderken o bölgedeki görevi Varvara isminde kızına bırakır. Ve kilise inşaatını bitirmesini söyler. Varvara, kilise inşaatını yarım bırakır. Şu anda Merzifon'da bulunan Kara Mustafa Paşa Hamamı'nı yaptırır. Şu anda Beyören mahallesinde bulunan Varvara isimli çeşmeyi yaptırır.

Yıllar sonra kral seferden döner. Kızına sorar "kiliseyi tamamladın mı?" diye ve "hayır" cevabını alır. Merzifon'da bir hamam, Beyviran'da bir çeşme yaptırdığını söyler. Kral; "Benim emirlerimi dinlemeyen, kızım dahi olsa cezasını veririm." der ve kızı Varvarayı askerlerine teslim eder.

Şu anda Varvara'nın kabrinin Tokat ilinin Niksar ilçesinde bir dağda olduğu rivayet edilmektedir.Bu Varvara isimli çeşme hâlen duruyor ve birçok hastalığa ,derde deva olduğu bilinmektedir.Aynı  zamanda Raspınarı isimli ve Şirin Çeşme isimli çok güzel çeşmeler bulunmakta ve her yıl geleneksel yayla şenliği yapılmaktadır..

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 105, Havza ilçesine 21 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar
 Beyören Köyü

Havza'nın mahalleleri

Beyören, Havza


Battle of Gaza may refer to:
 Battle of Gaza (312 BC), a battle between Egypt and Macedon
 Battle of Raphia or Battle of Gaza, a 217 BC battle between Egypt and the Seleucid kingdom
 Battle of Gaza (1239), a battle of the Barons' Crusade
 First Battle of Gaza (March 26, 1917), a Turkish victory over the British
 Second Battle of Gaza (April 19, 1917), a Turkish victory over the British
 Third Battle of Gaza (October 31–November 7, 1917), a British victory over the Turks
 Battle of Gaza (2007), a struggle between Fatah and Hamas
 Gaza War (2008–2009), a conflict between Israel and Palestinian groups
 2014 Gaza War, a conflict between Israel and Palestinian groups
 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, a conflict between Israel and Palestinian groups
 2023 Israel–Hamas war, large-scale conflict between Israel and Palestinian groups

See also
 Gaza conflict (disambiguation)
 Gaza War (disambiguation)
 Gaza–Israel clashes (disambiguation)
 Gaza Crisis (disambiguation)

Battle of Gaza


Pierre Jouventin, né le  à Marseille, est un expert éthologue, écologue et écrivain.

Il est considéré comme un spécialiste dans les stratégies de reproduction des oiseaux et mammifères, en particulier antarctiques et marins (écologie évolutive, écologie comportementale, biologie de la conservation).

Biographie

Jeunesse et formation
Pierre Jouventin est né le  à Marseille. Il fait un Doctorat d'État en Sciences à l'Université Montpellier II en 1978.

Carrière
De 1985 à 1998, Pierre Jouventin est Directeur du Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (Unité 4701 du CNRS).

De 1990 à 2000, il est membre du Conseil scientifique et du Comité d'éthique de l'Institut français pour la recherche et la technologie polaire, et de 1994 à 1998, il est responsable du groupement de recherche « Écosystèmes polaires & anthropisation » (Programme Environnement du CNRS).

De 1999 à 2001, il est responsable du programme interdisciplinaire Environnement, Vie et Société du CNRS « Les îles australes, observatoires de l'anthropisation accélérée des écosystèmes marins et terrestres ».

De 2000 à 2007, il est responsable de la « Zone-Atelier de Recherches sur l'Environnement Antarctique et Subantarctique » (Réseau d'observatoires à long terme du programme Environnement, Vie et Société du CNRS).

De 1998 à 2017, il est responsable de l'équipe « Écologie comportementale » au Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive de Montpellier (CNRS) & du programme  concernant la Réserve naturelle nationale des Terres australes françaises (ETHOTAAF) de l'Institut Polaire.

Après 2017
Depuis , Pierre Jouventin est retraité de la fonction publique, il donne des conférences et a publié une dizaine de livres de vulgarisation scientifique.

Ayant vécu 4 ans avec une louve et trouvant cet animal fascinant, il se consacre aujourd'hui à la réhabilitation de celui-ci, ainsi qu'à la gestion des animaux sauvages comme le sanglier.

Travaux

Recherches
Pierre Jouventin a effectué en 1969 un premier séjour de 14 mois en Terre Adélie pour étudier les oiseaux et mammifères marins, en particulier le manchot empereur. Puis il a effectué 20 missions en Antarctique-Subantarctique totalisant près de 9 ans sur le terrain.

Il a étudié expérimentalement pendant 30 ans les systèmes d'identification acoustique des animaux coloniaux (signatures vocales des manchots) .

De 1990 à 2000, ses équipes et lui ont réhabilité écologiquement les îles Amsterdam & St-Paul de l'Océan Indien, fortement dégradées par les bovins, rats, lapins introduits par l'homme, et qui mettaient en danger d'extinction des espèces endémiques et nouvelles comme l'albatros d'Amsterdam qu'il a découvert et dont il restait dix couples dans le monde.

Pierre Jouventin a dirigé plusieurs programmes internationaux pluridisciplinaires CNRS sur les ressources de l'Océan Austral.

Grâce au concours d'Hubert Reeves, il a obtenu un rendez-vous avec la Ministre de l'écologie Nelly Olin et l'a convaincue de créer en 2006 la réserve des îles australes incluant les îles Kerguelen qui a été classée en 2019 au Patrimoine Mondial de l'UNESCO.

Il a fait partie, en tant qu'expert de la faune, de la petite délégation française qui a entraîné les autres nations à mettre en réserve le continent antarctique (audition du groupe d'études sur l'Arctique, l'Antarctique et les TAAF au Sénat).

Il a publié plus de 230 articles scientifiques dans les revues internationales à comité de lecture (Rang A) .

Les études de Pierre Jouventin sur les oiseaux et mammifères font autorité et sont fréquemment citées en référence, notamment dans les rapports des réunions consultatives du Traité sur l'Antarctique ratifié par plus de 20 nations.

Découvertes scientifiques
Pierre Jouventin a découvert plusieurs espèces d'oiseaux nouvelles pour la science qui étaient confondues avec d'autres et qu'il a différenciées par l'éthologie (colorations et chants) puis confirmées par la génétique (séquençage ADN).

Il a effectué le premier suivi au monde d'un oiseau par balise satellitaire, une technique devenue commune qui a permis de montrer que les grands albatros parcourent en utilisant les vents plus de  km pour nourrir leur poussin.

Prix
 1982 : Prix Paul Doistau-Émile Blutet de l'Académie des Sciences.
 1997 : Prix Robert Cushman Murphy de la Colonial Waterbird Society .
 2000 : Prix Mottart de l'Académie des Sciences.
 2001 : Grand Prix CNRS du festival international du film scientifique(Nancy).
 2012 : Prix de l'essai Fernand Mery.

Publications

Ouvrages scientifiques
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Ouvrages grand public

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Filmographie
 1985 : Crozet, l'archipel aux 25 millions d'oiseaux.
 1990 : Le paradoxe des Empereurs.
 1990 : L'Oasis dans les glaces.
 1998 : Manchot royal, le retour.
 1999 : La signature vocale des manchots.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Anas marecula
 Albatros d'Amsterdam
 Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi
 Pygoscelis papua.
 Domestication du chien
 Expéditions polaires françaises
 Écologie ou écologisme

Liens externes

Éthologue
Écologue français
Naissance en décembre 1942
Naissance à Marseille

Pierre Jouventin