is an action video game developed by Nintendo and HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo. The original arcade version was released for the Nintendo VS. System internationally as Vs. Balloon Fight, while its Nintendo Entertainment System counterpart was released in Japan in 1985 and internationally in 1986.

The gameplay is similar to the 1982 game Joust from Williams Electronics. The home Nintendo Entertainment System version was ported to the NEC PC-8801 in October 1985, the Sharp X1 in November 1985, the Game Boy Advance as Balloon Fight-e for the e-Reader in the United States on September 16, 2002, and as part of the Famicom Mini Series in Japan on May 21, 2004. It was later rereleased through Nintendo's Virtual Console and NES Classic Edition. It was released on Nintendo Switch Online in 2018.

Gameplay

The player controls an unnamed Balloon Fighter with two balloons attached to his helmet. Repeatedly pressing the A button or holding down the B button causes the Balloon Fighter to flap his arms and rise into the air. If a balloon is popped, the player's flotation is decreased, making it harder to rise. A life is lost if both balloons are popped by enemy Balloon Fighters, if the player falls in the water, gets eaten by the large piranha near the surface of the water, or is hit by lightning.

There are two modes of play: the 1-player/2-player game where the goal is to clear the screen of enemies, and Balloon Trip where the goal is to avoid obstacles in a side-scrolling stage. The original arcade game does not include Balloon Trip, but all the level layouts are completely different so as to take advantage of vertical scrolling in addition to some minor gameplay differences.

1-player/2-player game
Defeat all of the enemies on screen to clear the stage. This mode can be played alone or co-operatively with a second player. Each player starts with three extra lives. The 3DS Balloon Fight port comes with the Download Play option, that allows you to play along with a friend that has another 3DS system.

Enemy Balloon Fighters float around the screen and the player must hit their balloons to defeat them. The enemy can also fall into the water or be eaten by the fish while flying close to the water's surface. If an enemy is defeated or falls into the water, a bubble will rise up the screen which can be hit for extra points. As play progresses through the stages, the number of enemies and platforms increases.

Every three stages is a bonus stage, where the goal is to burst all of the balloons that float up the screen from the chimneys at the bottom.

Balloon Trip
A single-player game where the goal is to avoid the lightning sparks and collect the balloons, aiming to move up the ranks and compete for the high score. The player starts with one life.

Ports, sequels, and references
The home Nintendo Entertainment System version was ported to the NEC PC-8801 in October 1985, the Sharp X1 in November 1985, the Game Boy Advance as Balloon Fight-e for the e-Reader in the United States on September 16, 2002, and as part of the Famicom Mini Series in Japan on May 21, 2004. It can also be played in Animal Crossing for the GameCube.

Nintendo released a Game & Watch version of the same name, based on the NES version's Balloon Trip mode. The protagonist is "a Balloon Man". Unlike Balloon Fighters, Balloon Men use rocket suits instead of flapping their hands to elevate while holding balloons.

A sequel to Balloon Fight called Balloon Kid was released in October 1990 in North America and on January 31, 1991, in Europe for the Game Boy, which expands from the game's roots and revamped it into a full platforming adventure. This title was not released in Japan on the Game Boy, but colorized versions titled as Hello Kitty World (published by Character Soft) for the Famicom and Balloon Fight GB for the Game Boy Color were later released only in Japan.

In September 2001, the game was ported to the Sharp Zaurus series of PDAs.

Balloon Fighter and Flipper trophies are obtainable in Super Smash Bros. Melee, and the Flipper is also a usable item, replacing the Bumper from the previous game. The Balloon Fighter was considered for a playable role during the development of Melee, but the Ice Climbers were chosen instead. The original background music for the Balloon Trip in Balloon Fight can be heard in Melees Icicle Mountain stage as alternate music. The giant fish makes a cameo appearance in Super Smash Bros. Brawl. It appears on the Ice Climber-based stage, the Summit, where it tries to attack the players from the sea. In addition, a remixed version of the main theme, titled "Balloon Trip" is available for the Summit stage as well. Stickers of the Balloon Fighter and the Balloon Fight Enemy can be collected in Brawl. In addition, the Villager from the Animal Crossing series uses the Balloon Fighter's helmet as one of his special moves in Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U. In the 3DS version of the same game, a stage based on Balloon Fight appears with the original 8-bit graphics; the same stage returns in Super Smash Bros. Ultimate and Balloon Fighter appears as a Spirit in said game.

In the WarioWare, Inc. series, some of 9-Volt's games are based on Balloon Fight. In WarioWare: Smooth Moves, there is also a minigame functioning as a three-dimensional version of Balloon Trip; players use the Wii Remote only for the microgame version, and also use the Nunchuk in the complete 3D Balloon Trip.

The original tech demo for Yoshi Touch & Go was called Yoshi's Balloon Trip. Balloon Fight is the theme for Touch Mode in Tetris DS, although the mode itself has almost nothing to do with the game other than the music and decorative graphics.

On April 12, 2007, Club Nintendo released Tingle's Balloon Fight for the Nintendo DS, an exclusive game featuring Tingle, a Nintendo character who originated from The Legend of Zelda series. The game is a remake of the home version, featuring the "Balloon Fight" and "Balloon Trip" modes. The levels are expanded slightly to utilize both screens, similar to the arcade game except based entirely around the NES levels. A gallery that contained concept art was also included, where each piece could be unlocked by completing specific in-game tasks.

The Balloon Fighter appears in Super Mario Maker as an unlockable Mystery Mushroom costume as part of an update.

Balloon Fight has been re-released as part of Nintendo's Virtual Console. The game was released in Europe on June 8, 2007, followed by a release in North America on July 16, and Japan on November 12. The game was released on Virtual Console for Nintendo 3DS as part of that system's Ambassador Program in September 2011.

In Nintendo Land, there is an attraction called Balloon Trip Breeze that is very similar to Balloon Trip from the original Balloon Fight.

The game was released on the Wii U Virtual Console service on January 23, 2013, in North America until February 23, as part of a promotion celebrating the 30th anniversary of the release of the original Nintendo Famicom. Balloon Fight became the first Wii U Virtual Console title to be released. In November 2016, the game (alongside 29 other games) was included in the NES Classic Edition (Nintendo Classic Mini in Europe).

The NES version of Balloon Fight was re-released as one of the launch titles for Nintendo Switch Online on September 18, 2018.

The original arcade version, Vs. Balloon Fight, was ported by Hamster Corporation and released on the Nintendo Switch Arcade Archives on December 27, 2019.

Release
Similar to other early Nintendo titles, the exact date of the console release is difficult to pinpoint. It was first scheduled for June 1986, was later changed to August, but very likely came out in September.

List of Balloon Fight games, ports and sequels

Notes

References

External links
 IGN's coverage of Balloon Fight (Famicom Mini Series)

1984 video games
Action games
Arcade video games
Game & Watch games
Game Boy Color games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
MSX games
NEC PC-8801 games
Nintendo arcade games
Nintendo games
Nintendo Research & Development 1 games
Nintendo Vs. Series games
PlayChoice-10 games
Sharp X1 games
Virtual Console games
Virtual Console games for Wii U
Video game clones
Video games scored by Hirokazu Tanaka
Video games designed by Yoshio Sakamoto
Video games developed in Japan
Nintendo Switch Online games
Virtual Console games for Nintendo 3DS
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Hamster Corporation games

Balloon Fight


Poul Hansen (født 23. marts 1922, død 14. juni 2017) var en dansk politiker, som var borgmester i Vallensbæk Kommune fra 1967 til 1993 for Det Konservative Folkeparti.

Referencer

Borgmestre fra Det Konservative Folkeparti
Tidligere borgmestre fra Danmark

Poul Hansen (borgmester)


අපි නොදන්න ලයිව් යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සිරස ටීවී හී විකාශනය වූ ප්‍රහසන වැඩසටහනකි. පොඩි මල්ලී සහ චූටි මල්ලී යන නාමික චරිත යොදාගනිමින් එය ගාමින්ද ප්‍රියවිරාජ් සහ සුනෙත් චිත්‍රානන්ද විසින් ඉදිරිපත් කරනු ලැබිණි. වැඩසටහන කෙටියෙන් අල (ALA) ලෙසද හඳුන්වනු ලබයි.

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි
අපි නොදන්න ලයිව්, යූ ටියුබ් වල
අපි නොදන්න ලයිව් ෆේස් බුක් කණ්ඩායම
අපි නොදන්න ලයිව් ෆේස් බුක් පිටුව

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රූපවාහිනී වැඩසටහන්

අපි නොදන්න ලයිව්


El si-yo, 시조 (sijo en transcripción inglesa; en coreano ɕidʑo; escrito en alfabeto hangul 시조, y en hanja 時調) es un género poético tradicional y clásico de Corea. Consta de tres versos con una media de entre catorce y dieciséis sílabas, sumando un total de entre cuarenta y cuatro y cuarenta y seis sílabas.

El si-yo se estructura de manera que el primer verso establece una introducción de la materia a tratar, el segundo la desarrolla y el tercero ofrece una suerte de conclusión. Este tercer verso consta a su vez de dos partes. La primera mitad debe sorprender por su significado o sonoridad.

Hay dos grandes tradiciones, una de raigambre taoísta, en la que prevalece el efecto sorpresa entre la primera y la segunda parte, y otra confuciana, de talante moralista. Aquella suele ser imaginativa, hedonista, políticamente incorrecta a menudo. Los buenos modales y la identificación con la familia y la sociedad dan la nota entre los seguidores de Confucio.

Selección de textos

Los siguientes ejemplos son versiones que no siguen la medida silábica.

Anochece y flota el otoño en el río
dejó caer el anzuelo y no pican
no regresa vacía la barca con la luna Príncipe Wolmyong ().

Troncho una rama del sauce y se la envío a mi amante
si la planta junto a la ventana que alumbra su cama
me verá y me tendrá de nuevo en cada brote Atribuido a la cortesana Jong Rang: se conservan poemas suyos desde el .

abandonaron el barco de guerra
y un infante de la marina
abandonado dejó una zapato, ¡está muy claro! Yi Sang (1910-1931) sabía ser cáustico. Es un poema póstumo suyo dado a conocer en 1976 por Yoda Junichi, también poeta.

Acaba de regalarle el hijo una corbata
con barquitos de vela que navegan al vaivén
de las mareas de su barriga sobresaliente José M. Prieto. En éste y en los dos siyos que siguen rinde homenaje a Yi Sang-Bom -poeta coreano del - e ilustra la tendencia a redistribuir las sílabas en varios versos.

Una vez por semana le toca abrir
la puerta del cementerio de su pueblo
y con la escoba al hombro
canturrea nombres de amigos que están
a la altura de sus tobillos.

por una nota que alguien dejó caer
a la puerta del monasterio
conocen los nuevos usos del móvil:
Ahora podéis hablar con Dios
con foto y sin esfuerzo Religioso es el siyo del poeta Ko Un, candidato al Premio Nobel de Literatura o de la Paz durante más de una década.

Un mosquito me ha picado
¡gracias!
¡¡estoy vivo!! Su argumento es vital y racional; es el de René Descartes: pienso luego existo.

Bibliografía

 Lee Hyekyung-Mercedes,El género poético coreano Siyo. Estudio comparatista y Antología crítica, Universidad de Alicante, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 2010, 855 págs. (Tesis dirigida por el Prof. P. Aullón de Haro).

Poesía
Poesía de Corea

Sijo


Esta é uma lista de programas originais distribuídos pela OPTO, que é uma plataforma digital de streaming de vídeos e áudios sob demanda, desenvolvida e operada pelo Grupo Impresa.

O serviço da OPTO oferece duas versões: uma gratuita e outra paga. Na versão gratuita os utilizadores poderão assistir aos maiores sucessos da SIC, tais como séries, novelas, documentários, entre outros tipos de programas. Já na versão premium, inclui ainda o acesso a conteúdos exclusivos, incluindo programas e séries, antestreias de episódios de novelas que passam na SIC e informação à medida, com noticiários diários com a duração de 10, 15 ou 20 minutos.

Lançados
Com a revelação que a SIC iria lançar uma plataforma de streaming, com o nome OPTO, a 24 de novembro de 2020, foi anunciada a primeira série da plataforma, intitulada de A Generala, sendo lançados os dois primeiros episódios no dia da abertura da plataforma. A partir daí, seguiram-se outras séries (e também minisséries), tanto do género drama ou comédia, como O Clube, Esperança, A Lista, entre outras…

Drama

Comédia

Em desenvolvimento

Informação

Documentários

OPTO

Lista de programas originais distribuídos pela OPTO


Parmesan peyniri (İtalyanca:  Parmigiano Reggiano), sert ve soluk sarı renkli, inek sütünden üretilen ve 12-36 ay boyunca olgunlaştırılan bir İtalyan peyniri. Peynir, Parma ili (Parmigiano) ile Reggio Emilia ilinden ismini almıştır ve bu bölgelere ek olarak, Modena ili ile Bologna'nın Reno Nehri batısında kalan tarafları ve Mantova'nın Po güneyindeki kısımlarında üretilmektedir. Yüksek oranlarda glutamat içeren parmesan peyniri, başka bir İtalyan sert peynir çeşidi olan Grana Padano ile benzerlik gösterir.

Parmesan ve Parmigiano Reggiano isimleri İtalya ve Avrupa Birliği'nin belirlediği yasalar çerçevesinde coğrafi işaret (Denominazione di Origine controllata) ile korunmaktadır.

Üretim

Parmesan üretiminde kullanılacak süt, akşam sağılmış, kreması sıyrılmış ve bir gece bekletilmiş süt ile sabahleyin sağılmış, taze ve tam yağlı sütün karıştırılması ile elde edilir. Bu süt geleneksel olarak sadece çimen veya saman ile beslenen ineklerden sağılmaktadır. Süt daha sonra bakır ısıtıcılara alınır. Bakır ısıtıcıların süte bakır iyonu bırakması ile peynire ekstra tat kattığı düşünülmektedir.

Bu esnada süte starter kültürü olarak çeşitli termofilik laktik asit bakterilerini ihtiva eden peynir altı suyu eklenir ve sıcaklık 33-35 °C çıkartılır. Buzağı kökenli peynir mayasının eklenmesi ile süt kesilmeye bırakılır. Oluşan kesmik, her biri pirinç tanesi boyunda olacak şekilde küçük parçalara bölünür ve sıcaklık 55 °C'ye çıkartılarak yaklaşık 45-60 dakika beklenir. Yoğunlaşmış kesmik süzülür ve ikiye bölünerek kaplara yerleştirilir. Üretimde kullanılan variller 1100 L süt barındırır ve bu sütten iki tekerlek peynir üretilir. Her tekerlek yaklaşık 45 kg parmesan ihtiva eder. Oluşan peynir altı suyu geleneksel olarak, Prosciutto di Parma  (bir çeşit domuz jambonu) üretiminde kullanılacak domuzları beslemek için kullanılır.

Peynir paslanmaz çelik kaplara konulur ve baskı uygulanarak tekerlek şeklini koruması sağlanır. 1-2 gün sonra baskı durdurulur, peynirin etrafına üzerinde üretim tesisinin adı, üretim tarihi ve pek çok kez Parmigiano-Reggiano yazılı olan plastik bir katman yerleştirilir ve bu bilgilerin peynirin üzerine çıkması için yeniden çelik kaplarda baskılanmaya götürülür. 1 gün sonra, bilgiler peynir yüzeyine işledikten sonra baskı durdurulur, tekerlekler tuzu emmeleri için tuzlu su çözeltisine alınır ve burada 20-25 gün bekletilir. Bu işlemin ardından tekerlekler, en az 12 ay sürecek olgunlaştırma işlemi için özel odalara alınır. Peynirler tahta raflara yerleştirilir, her 7 günde bir bu raflar temizlenir ve tekerlekler döndürülür.

12 ay sonra her peynir tekerleği Consorzio Parmigiano-Reggiano kuruluşunun kalite kontrolünden geçer. Peynirler, uzman bir kişi tarafından üzerine vurularak içerisindeki boşluk  ve çatlak olup olmadığı konusunda denetlenir. Kalite kontrol testini geçen peynirlerin dış kabuğuna kuruluşun logosu damgalanır. Testi geçemeyen peynirler, satın alan kişiyi alınan peynirin yüksek kaliteli parmesan peyniri olmadığı konusunda uyarmak üzere çizgiler ile işaretlenir. Ortalama olarak peynirler 2 yıl boyunca olgunlaştırılır. Stravecchio adı altında satılan parmesanlar 3, stravecchiones adı altındakiler ise 4 yıl kadar olgunlaştırılmış olabilir.

Kullanım
Parmesan, genellikle servis anında yemeklerin üzerine rendelenir. Sezar salatada da kullanılır. İtalya'da parmesan peyniri risotto ve makarnaları bağlamakta kullanılır.

Yaz peynirleri makarna soslarına, özellikle fesleğen temelli pesto adlı sosa çok uygundur. İtalyanlar bu peynirin çok sağlıklı olduğuna inandıkları için bebeklerin mamasına katarlar. Parmesan, pastörize sütten yapılmadığı için vitaminler ve elementler açısından da çok zengindir. Özellikle protein, kalsiyum, fosfor ve B vitaminleri açısından esaslı bir kaynaktır.

Ayrıca bakınız

 Grana Padano

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

İtalyan peynirleri
Umami arttırıcılar

Parmesan peyniri


الشارف بلدية بولاية الجلفة الجزائرية.حيث يعود تاريخ إنشائها إلى سنة 1300 م وهي تحتل موقعا إستراتيجيا هاما وكانت تسمى «تاولفين» أسسها سيدي علي بن محمد وأستضافه أولاد سيدي بوزيد ليتزوج منهم ويستقر بهذه المنطقة، ونظرا لكونها محاذية للطريق الوطني رقم: 46 الذي هو همزة وصل بين ولاية الجلفة وولايات الغرب والجنوب الذي بإمكانه أن يؤهلها اقتصاديا بعدما تمت الموافقة على تعديل مخطط التهيئة والتعمير الذي ركز على توسيعها. ومن جهة أخرى تعتبر بوابة الولاية من الجهة الغربية
وحدودها كمايلي :
 شرقا: مقر الولاية
 غربا : بلديتي القديد والإدريسية
 شمالا : بلدية الزعفران
 جنوبا: بلدتي الدويس وبن يعقوب

كما انها تتربع على مساحة قدرها:1400 كلم2 مربع تقريبا ويبلغ عدد سكا نها 24000 نسمة وتتميز بطا بعها الفلاحي كما تزخر بثروات لاباس بها منها السياحية كمطقة الحمام المعدني الذي اثبتث الدراسات ان مياهها غنية بعناصر علاجية كون مخزون مياهها بجانب بركان وهذا ما تلاحظه من خلال الطابع الجغرافي للمنطقة كما أنه تمت الموافقة عليه من طرف وزارة الساحة كمعلم سياحي ذو أهمية بالغة وتجري به الأشغال لتوسعته وتهيئته. وما يضفيه من رونق على المنطقة، السد المائي الذي أصبح وجهة للسياح والصيادين بالقرب من الحمام وثروة غابية لاباس بها مزروعة كدرع لمقاومة التصحر وزحف الرمال، وثروة حيوانية لكون غطائها النباتي شبه صحرواي ويغلب عليه الطابع الرعوي الجلفة.

تظم البلدية مجموعة من القرى الريفية والتي تحمل في الغالب أسماء أمازيغية ك: التوازي، توزارة، تزروقت....

السكان
ينحدر غالبية سكان هذه المنطقة من البدو الرحل الذين كانوا يرتحلون باستمرار بين الصحاري والاعراق حيث ان جزئ كبير منهن استقر شمال الصحراء الكبرى بالجزائر وليبيا وتونس والمغرب
وتعكس لنا طريقة عيشهم باعتمادهم بدرجة كبيرة على رعي الاغنام وتربية الإبل والماعز وغيرها مما اعتاد عليه البدو الرحل

المناخ
كون بلدية الشارف تقع غرب ولاية الجلفة وتمر عليها نفس السلسلة الجبلية فهي تتمتع بنفس المناخ القاري البارد شتاء والحار صيفا
بحيث تشهد صقوط الثلوج شتاء وتدني درجات الحرارة إلى مادون الصفر

الطابع النباتي
تزخر البلدية بالعديد من الأنواع النباتية كالحلفاء التي باتت منقرضة في ولاية الجلفة
تتركز غابات الصنوبر والبلوط في المناطق ذات الارتفاع فوق 1200 م على سطح البحر وخصوصا بالوجه الشمالي لجبال الشارف في حين ينتشر العرعار في التضاريس الوعرة الصخرية لتحل محله مجتمعات الحلفاء تدريجيا في الهضاب المنبثقة عنها في حين أن الزراعات المسقية تتركز على الأراضي الخصبة على أطراف الوديان وفي المنخفضات كما تنتشر الزراعات غير المسقية خصوصا زراعة القمح والشعير

المصادر

شارف

الشارف


Mjesečev plato, Plato Mjeseca, prirodna znamenitost na otoku Krku. Smješten je na jugozapadu Krka iznad kanjona Vrženice. Turisti su ovaj predio nazvali "Mjesečeva površina" ili "Planina Mjeseca".

To je zaravan na brdu iznad Baške koja podsjeća na Mjesečevu površinu. Nalazi se na 380 metara nadmorske visine. Do platoa se može stići turističkom stazom od Baške. Krajolik je ovdje posve goli kamen bez ikakva hlada. Na uzvišenjima je spektakularan pogled. Raslinje je submediteransko.

Najviši vrh ove krško-kamenite zaravni je Diviška na 471 metar nadmorske visine. Naizgled je kamena pustinja. Nastala je djelovanjem erozije, prirodnih sila poput snažne bure, kvarnerskih kiša te čovjeka koji je u ovom škrtom okruženju tražio mogućnost svog opstati. Ovdje su na ispaši stada ovaca. Ovce se za ljetnih vrućina sklanjaju u kržljavim šumarcima ograđenih suhozidima koji se protežu u nedogled i razdvajaju pastirske posjede. Ovdje su mrgari - mjesta gdje pastiri obavljaju obilježavanje, prebrojavanje, striženje i mužnju ovaca.

S lokalne ceste D102 iznad autobusnog kolodvora i velikog parkirališta lijevo se asfaltnom cestom ide tristotinjak metara do križanja cesta ispod groblja i crkve Sv. Ivana ponad Baške, od kuda se na Mjesečev plato može stići iz dvaju pravaca. Otamo vodi planinarska staza imena "Šetnica do Mjeseca i nazad". Od crkve Sv. Ivana šetnica vodi kroz gustu borovu šumu. Borovi su ovdje umjetni, posađeni za poslijeratnih radnih akcija. Nakon tri kilometra kroz šumu stiže se na Mjesečev plato. Iz borove šume se na plato izlazi kroz jedan otvor u suhozidu (zatok). Plato se prostire ispod Stražice i Zakama do pod Hlam. Pješačka staza krškoj goleti vodi do križanja puteva, od koji jedan vodi na vidikovac Zakam i u Bašku, a drugi na vrh Hlam i ka lokvi Diviškoj. Dalje prema obali prostire se posebni ornitološki rezervat Kuntrep.

Galerija

Izvori

Baška
Hrvatske turističke atrakcije

Mjesečev plato


En España está legislado el principio de que las Corporaciones Locales deben contar en sus propias Haciendas con los suficientes recursos económicos para llevar a cabo los cometidos que la Ley les atribuye.
Es comúnmente aceptada la relación entre este principio y el de autonomía. El Tribunal Constitucional de España ha calificado este principio como "presupuesto indispensable para el ejercicio de la autonomía local".

Referencias

Bibliografía
Manuel Medina Guerrero. El Principio de Suficiencia Financiera Local: su protección constitucional. 2003.

Derecho tributario

Principio de suficiencia financiera local


මහින්ද යාපා අබේවර්ධන (දෙමළ:மஹிந்த யாப்பா அபேவர்தன, ඉංග්‍රීසි:Mahinda Yapa Abeywardena) (උපත 1945 ඔක්තෝබර් 10) යනු ශ්‍රී ලාංකික දේශපාලනඥයෙක්, පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී, හිටපු අමාත්‍ය මණ්ඩලයේ ඇමතියෙක් වන අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ වත්මන් කථානායකවරයා.  1983 වර්ෂයේ හක්මණ දිස්ත්‍රික්කය එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂය වෙනුවෙන් පාර්ලිමේන්තුට පත් වූ අබේවර්ධන එහි එතුමාගේ 30 වසර දේශපාලන වෘත්තීය ආරම්භ වුණා.  තරුණ මන්ත්‍රීවරය හැටියට අබේවර්ධන 1987 වසරේ ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ නව පළාත් සභා ක්‍රමයක් ස්ථාපිත කිරීම සඳහා වූ 1987 ඉන්දු - ශ්‍රී ලංකා ගිවිසුමට එරහිව ඔහු පළ කර.. ඔහු සහ කඹුරුපිටියේ පාර්ලිමේන්තු මන්ත්‍රී චන්ද්‍රකුමාර විජය ගුණවර්ධන පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේදී පනතට විරුද්ධව ඡන්දය ප්‍රකාශ කළ අතර ඊට විරුද්ධව ඡන්දය දුන් ආණ්ඩු පක්ෂයේ මන්ත්‍රීවරුන් දෙදෙනා පමණක් විය.

පසුව ඔහු ගාමිණී දිසානායක සහ ලලිත් ඇතුලත්මුදලි (ඉන්දු ලංකා ගිවිසුමට විරුද්ධ මන්ත්‍රීවරුන්) සමග අත්වැල් බැඳගත් නිසා ඔවුන්ද  එක්සත් ජාතික පක්ෂයෙන්  ඉවත් වී ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී එක්සත් ජාතික පෙරමුණ පිහිටුවා ගත්හ.ඉන්පසුව මහින්ද යාපා අබේවර්ධන ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී එක්සත් ජාතික පෙරමුණ යටතේ දකුණු පළාත් සභාවට ඉදිරිපත් කරා හා එතුමා මැතිවරණයෙන් ජයග්‍රහණ කරා. අනතුරුව 11993 වසරේ ඔහු දකුණු පළාත් සභාවේ විපක්ෂ නායක හැටියට පත් වුනාඉන්පසුව, ඔහු 1994 වසරේ දකුණු පළාතේ ප්‍රධාන අමාත්‍යවරයා ලෙස පත් විය. 1994 සිට 2001 දක්වා ප්‍රධාන අමාත්‍ය ලෙස දෙවරක් තේරී පත් වූ අබේවර්ධන සේවා කරා.

ඔහු 2001 මහ මැතිවරණයට තරඟ කිරීම සඳහා නිලයෙන් ඉවත් වී විපක්ෂයේ මන්ත්‍රීවරයෙකු වී 2004 දක්වා සේවය කළේය. 2004 මහ මැතිවරණයෙන් පසු ඔහු සෞඛ්‍ය ආරක්ෂණ නියෝජ්‍ය අමාත්‍යවරයා වූ අතර පසුව සංස්කෘතික කටයුතු සහ ජාතික උරුමයන් පිළිබඳ කැබිනට් අමාත්‍යවරයා බවට පත් විය. 2010 මහ මැතිවරණයෙන් පසු ඔහු කෘෂිකර්ම අමාත්‍යවරයා ලෙස පත් විය. වසර කිහිපයක් කෘෂිකර්ම අමාත්‍යවරයා ලෙස කටයුතු කර ඇති ඔහු 2013 වසරේ ඉතාලියේ රෝමයේ පැවති එක්සත් ජාතීන්ගේ FAO සමුළුවේ 38 වැනි සැසියේදී උප සභාපතිවරයා ලෙස තේරී පත් විය  2015 දී ඔහු ඉල්ලා අස්වී විපක්ෂයට යන තෙක් කෙටි කාලයකට නැවතත් පාර්ලිමේන්තු කටයුතු අමාත්‍යවරයා ලෙස පත් විය. ඔහු ශ්‍රී ලංකා පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ එක්සත් ජනතා නිදහස් සන්ධානයේ මාතර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ නියෝජිතයෙකි. ඔහු පදිංචිව සිටින්නේ දෙහිවල කළුබෝවිලය .

මේකත් බලන්න

 ශ්‍රී ලංකා කැබිනට් මණ්ඩලය

මූලාශ්‍ර

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ 12වන පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ මන්ත්‍රීවරු
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ 11වන පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ මන්ත්‍රීවරු
ශ්‍රී ලාංකික බෞද්ධයෝ
ජීවමාන ජනයා
1945 උපත්

මහින්ද යාපා අබේවර්ධන


République () is a station on Lines 3, 5, 8, 9 and 11 of the Paris Métro. It is located under the Place de la République, at the tripoint border of the 3rd, 10th and 11th arrondissements. It is an important interchange station; its 16.6 million users (2019) make it the seventh busiest out of 302 on the Métro network.

Location
The station is located under Place de la République, the platforms established:
 on Line 3, under the eastern part of the square along the east–west axis of the Avenue de la République (between Temple and Parmentier stations);
 on Line 5, north-west of the square on a north-west/south-east axis, at the end of the Boulevard de Magenta (between Jacques Bonsergent and Oberkampf);
 on Line 8 and Line 9, west of the square on a north-west/south-east axis, at the end of Boulevard Saint-Martin (between Strasbourg–Saint-Denis on the one hand—not including the current ghost station Saint-Martin—and on the other hand Filles du Calvaire for Line 8 or Oberkampf for Line 9);
 on Line 11, north-east along a north-east/south-west axis, at the start of the Rue du Faubourg-du-Temple (between Arts et Métiers and Goncourt).

History
The station opened on 19 October 1904 as part of the first section of Line 3 between Père Lachaise and Villiers. The Line 5 platforms opened on 15 November 1907 with the extension of the line from Jacques Bonsergent (then called Lancry) to Gare du Nord. The Line 8 platforms opened on 5 May 1931 with the extension of the line from Richelieu–Drouot to Porte de Charenton. The Line 9 platforms opened on 10 December 1933 with the extension of the line from Richelieu-Drouot to Porte de Montreuil. The Line 11 platforms opened on 28 April 1935 with the opening of the line from Châtelet to Porte des Lilas.

Name
It is named after the Place de la République, which was named to commemorate the First, Second and Third French Republics in 1879.

Renovation
The platforms of Line 3 were among the first to receive a metallic bodywork after 1952, while those of Line 5 were renovated after 1969 by adopting the Mouton-Duvernet style with vertically-aligned multi-toned tiles, cutting radically with the dominant white of the original metro, as well as the light frames characteristic of this type of arrangement, which was then supplemented with Motte style seats and red sit-stand bars. Larger Mouton style tiles placed vertically also cover certain outlets of the access corridors to Lines 3 and 11. The platforms of Lines 8, 9 and 11 were modernised in Andreu-Motte style, in yellow for the first two stations and red for the third as was done to a third of other the stations on the network between 1974 and 1984, while those on Line 3 lost their metal panels after 1988 in favour of a Ouï-dire decoration, in this case blue.

As part of the RATP Renouveau du métro programme, the station's corridors and the platforms on Line 5 were modernised on 28 June 2010, which notably allowed the renewal of lighting and earthenware tiles, the installation of new signage, a sales and comptoir-club counter, as well as the creation of four automatic ticket machines, anticipating the redevelopment programme by the City of Paris of the Place de la République. These latest above ground works are suspected to be the cause of numerous water leakages in the station, destroying the repairs completed three years earlier. The cost of repairs is estimated at eight million euros.

From 30 June to 3 August 2018, the platforms of Line 11 are the first of the latter to be raised and tiled for their adaptation as part of its extension to Rosny-Bois-Perrier.

Usage
The station is the seventh in the Métro network in terms of traffic, with 18,327,920 incoming passengers in 2018.

Passenger services

Access
The station has nine entrances:
 Place de la République, Rue René-Boulanger;
 Boulevard Saint-Martin, even numbers side;
 Boulevard Saint-Martin, odd numbers side;
 Boulevard Magenta;
 Place de la République, Rue du Faubourg-du-Temple;
 Place de la République, Rue du Faubourg du Temple side;
 Place de la République;
 Place de la République, statue side;
 Republic Square, Rue du Temple,

Station layout

Note: tracks toward Oberkampf (Line 5 and Line 9) run in the same direction.

Platforms
The Line 3 station has a standard configuration with two platforms separated by metro tracks. The decoration is in the Ouï-dire style in a blue colour. The frames for lighting, in the same colour, are supported by curved supports in the shape of a scythe. Indirect lighting is bicolour (very pale blue and white), unlike other lighting strips of this style where it is a vivid multicolour. The white ceramic tiles are flat and cover the walls, the vault, and the tunnel exit. The advertising frames are white and cylindrical, and the platforms are equipped with Motte style seats as well as blue sit-stand benches.

The station on Line 5 is also styled in a classic layout. The decoration is in the style used for most Métro stations. The lighting strips are white and rounded in the Gaudin style of the Renouveau du métro des années 2000; the bevelled white ceramic tiles cover the walls, the vault, and the tunnel exit. The advertising frames are in white ceramic and the seats are green Akiko style.

The stations of Lines 8 and 9 are made up of two half-stations per line, those of Line 9 framing those of Line 8. The platforms of these two lines, slightly curved at the western end, are furnished in the style Andreu-Motte and have a yellow light canopy, benches in flat orange-yellow tiling (except the platform for Pont de Sèvres almost deprived of benches but with a corridor opening treated with the same tiles) as well as yellow Motte seats. These arrangements are combined with white bevelled tiling for the two lines, while the staircase surrounds and the surface of the bench seats on the platform towards Pont de Sèvres are treated with white flat tiling. The advertising frames are metallic.

Finally, the station on Line 11 is also of standard configuration. It is decorated in the Andreu-Motte style with two red lighting frames, benches and outlets of the corridors are of flat tiles of the same colour and red Motte seats. The walls, the vault and the tunnel exits are covered with flat white tiles. The advertising frames are metallic, and the platforms are tiled in anthracite grey.

For each stopping point, the vault is elliptical, and the name of the station is written in Parisine font on enamelled plates.

Bus connections
The station is served by lines 20, 56, 75 and 91 of the RATP bus network as well as, at night, by lines N01, N02, N12, N23, N141 and N142 of the Noctilien bus network.

Nearby
 Place de la République
 Bourse du Travail

Gallery

References

Roland, Gérard (2003). Stations de métro. D'Abbesses à Wagram. Éditions Bonneton.

External links

Paris Métro stations in the 3rd arrondissement of Paris
Paris Métro stations in the 10th arrondissement of Paris
Paris Métro stations in the 11th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1904

République station


Jamón Jamón este un film de comedie spaniol din 1992 regizat de Bigas Luna. Rolurile principale sunt interpretate de actorii Penélope Cruz și Javier Bardem.

Distribuție
 Penélope Cruz - Silvia
 Javier Bardem - Raúl Gonzales
 Jordi Mollà - José Luis
 Stefania Sandrelli - Concgita, mama lui José Luis
 Anna Galiena - Carmen, mama Silviei
 Juan Diego - Manuel, tatăl lui José Luis
 Tomás Martín - José Gabrieles - prietenul lui Raúl

Referințe

Filme din 1992
Filme regizate de Bigas Luna
Filme în limba spaniolă
Filme spaniole
Filme de comedie
Filme de comedie din anii 1990

Jamón Jamón


A light machine gun (LMG) is a light-weight machine gun designed to be operated by a single infantryman, with or without an assistant, as an infantry support weapon. LMGs firing cartridges of the same caliber as the other riflemen of the same combat unit are often referred to as squad automatic weapons.

Characteristics
While early light machine guns fired full-powered rifle cartridges, modern light machine guns often fire smaller-caliber rifle cartridges than medium machine guns – generally the same intermediate cartridge fired by a service's standard assault rifle – and are usually lighter and more compact. Some LMGs, such as the Russian RPK, are modifications of existing designs and designed to share the same ammunition. Adaptations to the original rifle generally include a larger magazine, a heavier barrel to resist overheating, a more robust mechanism to support sustained fire and a bipod.

A light machine gun is also defined by its usage as well as its specifications: some machine guns – notably general-purpose machine guns – may be deployed either as a light machine gun or a medium machine gun. Deployed on a tripod and used for sustained fire, it is a medium machine gun; if deployed with a bipod with the operator in a prone position and firing short bursts, it is a light machine gun.

Light machine guns are also designed to be fired from the hip or on the move as a form of suppressive fire intended to pin down the enemy. Marching fire is a specific tactic that relies on this capability.

Lighter modern LMGs have enabled them to be issued down at the fireteam level, with two or three at the section/squad level.

Ammunition feed
Many light machine guns (such as the Bren gun or the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle) were magazine-fed. Others, such as the Hotchkiss M1922, could be fed either from a belt/strip or from a box magazine. Modern light machine guns are designed to fire smaller caliber rounds and, as such, tend to be belt-fed (from a container attached to the gun) or from a detachable high-capacity drum magazine, but some, such as the FN Minimi, will also accept standard rifle magazine feeding as an auxiliary measure when belted ammunition has been exhausted.

History
In 1903, French military theorists noticed that the heavy machine guns of the day were of little use in infantry assaults. They determined that "the machine gun must learn to walk". They researched the possibility of a light machine gun which could be carried by troops. A marching fire tactic was theorised, using incidental suppressive fire, with the advancing troops considered a deadlier threat than the un-aimed bullets, causing the enemy to fall back. The prototype guns were not approved for production, and none were in service when World War I began. The French quickly brought the prototypes to mass production to boost the firepower of advancing infantry.

By the end of World War II, light machine guns were usually being issued on a scale of one per fire team or squad, and the modern infantry squad had emerged with tactics that were built around the use of the LMG to provide suppressive fire.

Selected examples

The following were either exclusively light machine guns, had a light machine gun variant or were employed in the light machine gun role with certain adaptations.

See also
 Medium machine gun
 Heavy machine gun
Automatic rifle
 Squad automatic weapon
 General-purpose machine gun
 Assault rifle

References

Danish inventions

Light machine gun


Margecany este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Gelnica din regiunea Košice. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 1.915 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Margecany este atestată documentar din 1235.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Margecany


Balneoterapija (lat. balneum: kupelj + terapija)  je kompleksna terapijska disciplina koja za liječenje i rehabilitaciju koristi mineralne vode u prirodnim lječilištima (toplicama).

Jedna od najstarijih terapijskih metoda i prvih načina liječenja; jedina terapijska metoda koja je ostala nepromijenjena kroz stoljeća u svim zemljama, a tek u sadašnje doba dobiva svoje znanstveno priznanje.
Balneoterapija se preporučuje pacijentima s različitim tegobama i bolovima. Najčešće se ova vrsta terapije savjetuje pacijentima koji imaju problema s mišićno-koštanim sustavom a također se preporučuje bolesnicima sa bolestima živčanog sustava. Djelotvorna je i kod bolesti probavnog sustava i kod endokrinoloških bolesti.
Danas su posvuda u svijetu toplice (prirodna lječilišta) preoblikovane u suvremene rehabilitacijske centre, centre za zdravstveni turizam, aktivni odmor i rekreaciju.

Kratka povijest balneoterapije

Iskopine u St. Moritzu govore o korištenju mineralnih voda za potrebe liječenja još u brončano doba, kada su se prirodni izvori smatrali sjedištem božanstva, a samo kupanje ili pijenje mineralne vode povezivalo se s religioznim obredom koji je ozdravljivao.

U starom vijeku, rimski liječnik Celije Aurelijan savjetovao je kupanje u termama i pijenje mineralne vode. U to vrijeme prirodni bazeni nastaju oko samih izvora, dok su kod Grka izvori bili kaptirani pa je voda s visine padala na kupače i kao tuš se puštala na bolesni dio tijela kako bi se lakše podnosila njezina visoka temperatura.

Rimljani su poslije razvili tehniku hlađenja hipertermalnih voda u zidnim spremnicima. Oni su kupke u termalnoj vodi, parne kupelji i inhalacije uglavnom imali u prirodnim spiljama.
Kasnije su tehniku gradnje kupki od Rimljana preuzeli Arapi i dali im specifičan oblik koji su naslijedili Turci. Taj se oblik gradnje na istoku sačuvao do danas.

Dajući važnost kupanju u tekućoj vodi, u tim je kupalištima termalna voda padala iz cijevi ili žlijeba u bazen iz kojeg je zatim otjecala prelijevanjem preko njegovih rubova. Uz bazen su građene prostorije za boravak prije i nakon kupki.
U srednjem vijeku, mineralne vode su se manje koristile. Njihov ponovni procvat slijedi u XVIII. stoljeću i traje do današnjih dana.

Potkraj XVIII. st. uz pijenje same vode, sve se više koriste kupke u termalnoj vodi.
Početkom XIX. st. provedene su prve kvantitativne kemijske analize mineralne vode i prva tumačenja ljekovitog djelovanja mineralnih voda osobito termi na ljudski organizam.

Prirodne mineralne vode

Prirodne mineralne vode su prirodni ljekoviti činitelji. To je posebna vrsta podzemnih voda koje izbijaju na površinu zemlje u vidu izvora. Sadrže otopljene minerale ili plinove. Njihovo ljekovito svojstvo prvo je utvrđeno iskustvom, a tek mnogo kasnije kliničkim istraživanjima.

Prirodna mineralna voda mora imati slijedeće karakteristike:
1° izvor vode je prirodan
2° voda ima prehrambeno-fiziološke učinke
3° količina minerala je 1 g/L vode
4° sastav i temperatura ne smiju odstupati više od 20 %
5° voda se ne smije tehnološki obrađivati
6° voda se ne smije dezinficirati

Podjela mineralnih voda
Prema porijeklu:
1° Vadozne mineralne vode…su površinske vode koje nastaju od atmosferskih padalina koje dospijevaju u podzemne nepropusne slojeve
2° Juvenilne mineralne vode…su dubinske vode koje su rezultat magmatske aktivnosti
3° Fosilne mineralne vode…su zarobljene vode čija je količina ograničena

Prema temperaturi:
1° Hladne (< 20 °C)
2° Hipotermalne (20 °C ÷ 34 °C)
3° Izotermalne (34 °C ÷ 37 °C)
4° Hipertermalne (> 38 °C)

Klasifikacija mineralnih voda po Quentinu (1962.)

I. grupa: vode koje sadrže više 1 g/L otopljenih čvrstih tvari:

1° Hidrokarbonatne vode: natrij hidrokarbonatne (alkalne) i kalcij magnezij hidrokarbonatne (zemnoalkalne)

2° Sulfatne vode: natrij-sulfatne (salinične) i magnezij-sulfatne (gorke)

3° Kloridne vode: natrij-kloridne (murijatične ili slane)

II. grupa: vode čiji su sastojci biološki aktivniji u manjim količinama:
1° Sumporovite vode (min. 1 mg/L sumpora)
2° Jodne vode (min. 1 mg/L joda)
3° Željezne vode (min. 10 mg/L željeza)
4° Arsenske vode (min. 0,7 mg/L arsena)
5° Litijske vode (min. 1 mg/L litija)
6° Fluoridne vode (min. 2 mg/L fluora)

III. grupa: mineralne vode sa otopljenim plinovima

1° Ugljenokisele vode...sadrže više od 1 g/L slobodnog ugljik-dioksida

2° Radioaktivne vode...sadrže najmanje 50 Bq/L radioaktivne supstance

IV. grupa: mineralne vode sa sadržajem otopljenih čvrstih tvari manje od 1 g/L

1° Akratoterme ili divlje vode ...imaju temperaturu višu od 20 °C

2° Akratopege...imaju temperaturu ispod 20 °C

Izvorska pitka voda ima iste karakteristike kao i prirodna mineralna voda osim što se od nje razlikuje mineralizacijom.

Termalne vode su vode koje na izvoru imaju temperaturu iznad 20 °C bez obzira imaju li ili nemaju mineralizaciju. Temperatura ovih voda predstavlja najvažnije fizičko svojstvo.

Metode liječenja uz pomoć prirodnih mineralnih voda

Djelovanje prirodnih ljekovitih faktora može biti
1° Preventivno…povećavaju otpornost organizma na faktore koji štetno djeluju
2° Kurativno…smanjuju ili otklanjaju patološke promjene i učestvuju u liječenju

Terapija u toplicama se provodi:
1° Kupanjem u mineralnoj vodi
2° Pijenjem mineralne vode
3° Oblaganjem peloidom ili u peloidnim kupkama
4° Inhaliranjem ljekovitih plinova

Terapija u klimatskim lječilištima se provodi primjenom klimatskih faktora kroz:
1° Aeroterapiju…liječenje klimom
2° Helioterapiju…liječenje prirodnim Sunčevim zračenjem
3° Kupanjem u morskoj vodi
4° Psamoterapiju…terapija toplim pijeskom

Peloidoterapija
Peloid (ljekovito blato) je geološki stvoreni produkt iz neorganskih i/ili organskih tvari, koji se može koristiti za liječenje u obliku kupanja ili oblaganja. On u pravilu sadrži terapijski aktivne tvari (soli, plinove, biostimulatore) i žive mikroorganizme.

Svi peloidi stvaraju homogenu plastičnu masu kada se miješaju sa vodom, dobro prianjaju uz tijelo, imaju relativno veliki toplinski kapacitet i malu toplinsku vodljivost te mogu dugo zadržavati toplinu.

Klasifikacija peloida prema porijeklu
1° Prirodni peloidi…(mulj, sapropel, treset, fango i izvorski peloid) nastaju taloženjem raspadnutih, trulih organskih i neorganskih materija
2° Umjetni peloidi…su prerađevine peloida koje se koriste izvan lječilišta

Djelovanje peloida je toplinsko (mogu se primijeniti na visokoj temperaturi), mehaničko (ispoljava se u peloidnim kupkama) i kemijsko (neke tvari koje se nalaze u peloidu – sumpor, ugljik-dioksid, radon prolaze kroz kožu i ulaze u potkožno tkivo i cirkulaciju i ispoljavaju svoje farmakološko djelovanje).

Uslijed ovih djelovanja peloida dolazi do vazodilatacije (proširenje krvnih žila), povećava se cirkulacija krvi i limfe, dolazi do smanjenja bola i otoka, vrši se regeneracija tkiva, smanjuje se lokalni upalni proces i spazam mišića.

Talasoterapija

Talasoterapija (grč. ϑάλασσα: more + terapija), medicinska primjena svih ljekovitih čimbenika mora i primorja.

Ljekoviti čimbenici su podijeljeni u 3 skupine:
1° Termijsko-higrični sklop… koji čine morska voda i zrak, vjetrovi, Sunčevo zračenje i primjena ugrijanoga pijeska (psamoterapija)
2° Aktinički sklop… koji čini bioaktivno ozračivanje infracrvenim, ultraljubičastim i vidljivim zrakama Sunčeva spektra, djelovanje kojih je u priobalju jače zbog odraza s morske površine
3° Aerični sklop… koji obuhvaća posebnost sastava zraka, tj. odsutnost štetnih tvari, napose smoga, a prisutnost aerosola (natrijeva klorida, magnezija, joda i dr.), eteričnih ulja iz raslinja (lavanda, bor, ružmarin) itd.

Morska voda služi za kupanje, plivanje i vježbanje (zbog veće gustoće pruža veći otpor i ima izrazitiji uzgon). Klima primorskih krajeva koristi se za zračne kupke, sunčanje, inhalacije zraka, a gdje je poželjno (s obzirom na bolest), poduzimaju se šetnje i terenske kure hodanja.

Morska voda je vrlo složenog sastava, od iona kristala i koloida. U njoj je otkriveno nešto manje od 100 kemijskih elemenata i to od kationa: kalij, natrij, kalcij, magnezij, a od aniona: klor, brom, dušični spojevi, fosfati.

Pri kupanju u moru organizam je izložen:
1° Termičkom djelovanju
2° Mehaničkom djelovanju hidrostatskog tlaka i potiska
3° Efektu hidromasaže (udaraca valova, kao i otporu za vrijeme kupanja i plivanja)
4° Kemijskom djelovanju (morska voda djeluje kemijskim sastojcima koji se resorbiraju kroz kožu)

U morskoj vodi su sadržani gotovo svi elementi iz prirode. Jedna litra morske vode ima oko 35 g raznih otopljenih soli.
More ima veliko elektromagnetsko energetsko polje i prirodno puni i obnavlja ljudski energetski sustav. To pridonosi procesu obnove i čišćenja organizma. Morski zrak napunjen negativnim ionima također pomaže detoksikaciji krvi i tkiva i olakšava otklanjanje otpada.
Morska sol ima efekta samo u morskoj vodi. Ne može se zamijeniti morskom soli koja se proizvodi u komercijalne svrhe. Kupovna morska sol je lišena svojih prirodnih minerala i elemenata u tragovima i nema zdrav utjecaj na tijelo. More je jedinstveno i ne može se na nikakav način proizvesti.

Talasoterapija se primjenjuje u okviru liječenja i rehabilitacije, osobito kod nekih alergijskih, kožnih i reumatskih bolesti, za brži oporavak u rekonvalescenciji, ali se preporučuje i zdravima za rekreaciju, osobito u obliku zdravstvenog turizma.

Povezani članci
 Balneologija
 Balneoklimatologija
 Hidroterapija

 Popis termalnih lječilišta u Hrvatskoj

Literatura

1. "Osnovi balneologije" Nedima Kapidžić Bašić, Tuzla 2012.
2. Talasoterapija. Hrvatska enciklopedija, mrežno izdanje. Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža, 2021. Pristupljeno 29. 6. 2022. http://www.enciklopedija.hr/Natuknica.aspx?ID=60263.
3. http://www.prizelenemzajcu.si/kaj-je-balneoterapija/

  Reumatologija
 Lječilišta

Balneoterapija


ලිඛිත ඉතිහාසය
අංග වැසියන් ගැන මුලින්ම පැහැදිලි ව සදහන් වන්නේ ආතර්ව වේදයේ (V.22.14) හිදී   මගධ වරුන්, ගාන්ධාර වරුන් සහ මුජාවාත වරුන් හා සමග වන අතර, පෙනෙන ආකාරයට ඔවුන් සියල්ල නීච ලෙසින් ගර්භා කොට සැලකූවන් වූහ.

මහා ග්‍රන්ථ අනුව අංග වැසියන්ගේ, කාලිංග වැසියන්ගේ, වංග වැසියන්ගේ, පුන්ද්‍ර වැසියන්ගේ (හෝ පුන්ද්‍ර රාජධානිය - සමහරක් කොටස් වර්තමානයේ නැගෙනහිර බිහාරයේ, බටහිර බෙංගාලයේ සහ බංග්ලාදේශයේ අයත් වෙති), විදර්භ වැසියන්ගේ, සහ වින්ධ්‍යා-වාසීන්ගේ ජනපද පිහිටා තිබුනේ  පූර්ව-දක්ෂිණ කොට්ඨාශයෙහිය.

අංග රාජධානියෙහි මුල් රජවරුන් කිහිප දෙනෙකු පිළිබඳවද මහා ග්‍රන්ථ දක්වා සිටියි. මහාගෝවින්ද සුත්තන්ත හි අංග රාජධානියෙහි ධතරත්ත රජ ගැන සඳහන් කරයි. ජෛන ග්‍රන්ථ අතර ධාධිවාහන සඳහන් වන්නේ අංග රාජධානියේ පාලකයා ලෙසිනි. මහා ග්‍රන්ථ සහ හරිවංශය ඔහු දක්වන්නේ රාජධානියේ  අපිනාමික ස්ථාපකයා වන  අංග ගේ ප්‍රත්‍රයා සහ අනන්තර අනුප්‍රාප්තිකයා ලෙසිනි.  ජෛන ජනශ්‍රැතිය ප්‍රකාර ඔහු ජීවත්වූයේ ක්‍රිස්තු යුගයට පෙර හයවන සියවසෙහි මුල් භාගයෙහිදීය.

ජෛන ප්‍රජනනයේ අංගා වරැන් හා වංගා වරැන් ආර්යය මනුෂ්‍යයන්ගේ මුල්ම කණ්ඩයමට වර්ග කරයි. මහා භාරකයට අනුව අංගා පිහිටා තිබුණෙත් දළ වශයෙන් බගාපු, බිහාරයේ මොන්ගිර් සහ බෙන්ගාලයේ ඇතැම් ප්‍ර‍දේශ වලය. චම්පා නදිය මගධ වල බටහිර මායිමත් අංගා වල නැගෙනහිර මායිමත් වෙන්කරන ලදි. අංගා වල උතුරැ මායිම වුයේ ද ගංගා නදියයි. කලින් මාලිනි ලෙස හදුන්වන ලද එහි අගනගරය වූ චම්පා චම්පා නදිය හා  ගංගා නදිය හමුවන ස්ථානයට නුදුරින් ගංගා නදියේ දකුණු ඉවුරේ පිහිටා තිබුණි. එය ආදි කාලීන ඉන්දියාවේ තිබූ ශක්තිමත් ම හා ප්‍රධාන නගර 6 න් එකක් විය. එය වෙළද වා වානිජ කටයුතු සදහා ප්‍රධාන මධ්‍යස්ථානයක් වු අතර එහි වෙළන්දන් ඈත පිහිටි ස්වර්ණභූමියට යාත්‍රා කරන ලදි. බිම්බිසාර රාජ්‍යය යටතේ අංග, මගධ රාජ්‍යයේ කොටසක් විය.

ආශ්‍රිත

අංග වැසියන්


Kevin Tsai (; * 1. März 1962 in Taipei, Taiwan) ist ein Fernsehmoderator, Schriftsteller und Regisseur aus Taiwan.

Leben
Tsai ist Sohn des Anwalts Cài Tiānduó () aus Shanghai. Er studierte ab 1984 Englisch an der Tunghai-University. Später erwarb er einen Master an der UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. Danach arbeitete er beim Radiosender Voice of Taipei und danach beim Lifestyle-Magazin GQ Taiwan. Seit 2004 moderiert er mit Xidi Hsu die Fernsehsendung Kangxi Lai Le. Daneben veröffentlichte er als Schriftsteller mehrere Bücher.

Einzelnachweise

Fernsehmoderator
Autor
Literatur (Taiwan)
Literatur (Chinesisch)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Taiwaner
Geboren 1962
Mann

Kevin Tsai


The Forest Seasons treći je studijski album finskog simfonijskog melodičnog death metal sastava Wintersun. Album je 21. srpnja 2017. godine objavila diskografska kuća Nuclear Blast. Sastav je kao inspiraciju za naziv albuma naveo Četiri godišnja doba, koncert za violinu i orkestar talijanskog skladatelja Antonija Vivaldija.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje
Wintersun
 Jari Mäenpää − glavni i zborski vokali, gitara, bas-gitara, programiranje bubnjeva, klavijature, glazbeni uzorci, produkcija, snimanje, inženjer zvuka, miksanje, mastering, fotografija
 Teemu Mäntysaari – prateći i zborski vokali
 Jukka Koskinen – prateći i zborski vokali
Dodatni glazbenici
 Heri Joensen – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Markus Toivonen – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Jukka-Pekka Miettinen – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Mathias Nygård – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Olli Vänskä – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Perttu Vänskä – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Jussi Wickström – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Kasper Mårtenson – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Jesper Anastasiadis – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Aleksi Sihvonen – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Daniel Freyberg – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Micko Hell – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Mikko Salovaara – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
 Mitja Harvilahti – zborski vokali (na pjesmi 2)
Ostalo osoblje
 Gyula Havancsák – naslovnica

Izvori

Fusnote
Pjesma "Awaken from the Dark Slumber (Spring)" podijeljena je na dva dijela: "The Dark Slumber" i "The Awakening".
Pjesma "Eternal Darkness (Autumn)" podijeljena je na četiri dijela: "Haunting Darkness", "The Call of the Dark Dream", "Beyond the Infinite Universe" i "Death".

Finski glazbeni albumi
Albumi iz 2017.

The Forest Seasons


The Bathurst-class corvettes were a class of general purpose vessels designed and built in Australia during World War II. Originally classified as minesweepers, but widely referred to as corvettes, the Bathurst-class vessels fulfilled a broad anti-submarine, anti-mine, and convoy escort role.

A total of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes were built, at eight Australian shipyards: 36 were paid for by the Australian government and 24 were built on British Admiralty orders. Of these UK-owned vessels, 20 were officially commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), and manned by RAN personnel, while four served in the Royal Indian Navy; none of the UK-owned vessels was commissioned into the Royal Navy. An order for three more Bathursts, to be constructed in India, was cancelled before they were laid down.

Although the Bathursts were designed for the anti-submarine and anti-mine roles, they also served as troop and supply transports, provided air defence for convoys and disabled ships, participated in shore bombardments, and undertook hydrographic surveys. Three ships were lost during the war: one to an air attack and two to collisions with friendly merchant ships. (Following the war, a fourth vessel sank after hitting a mine while sweeping the Great Barrier Reef.)

After the war, the Admiralty ships were sold to the Turkish Navy, Royal Netherlands Navy, and civilian operators, while several RAN-owned vessels were transferred to the Royal New Zealand Navy, temporarily reactivated to facilitate National Service Training, or sold to civilians. Four of the Dutch Bathursts were transferred to the Indonesian Navy; one of these was destroyed in 1956 by anti-government rebels. The rest of the RAN and Admiralty ships were sold for scrap to help fund other projects. Two vessels are preserved as museum ships.

Background
In 1937, in an initially-unrelated development, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) approved the procurement of three net-laying boom defence vessels. However, in February 1938, the ACNB also identified a need for a class of general purpose, 'local defence vessels' that were easy to construct and operate. (This need emerged from plans for a training tender attached to the RAN anti-submarine warfare training school.) The ships had to be capable of both anti-submarine and minesweeping duties. Consequently, the number of  boom defence vessels ordered was reduced to two, and resources for the third were re-allocated to a prototype local defence vessel.

During July 1938, the RAN Director of Engineering, Rear Admiral Percival McNeil, was instructed to develop plans for a local defence vessel, with a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least , and a range of . McNeil completed his drawings in February 1939; his proposal called for a 680-ton vessel, with a speed of , and a range of . McNeil's unbuilt prototype – sometimes known as HMAS Kangaroo – more closely resembled a sloop than the original concept of a local defence vessel; the increase in size and speed also meant the vessel would have been more versatile than originally envisioned. It would have been equipped with a 4-inch gun, ASDIC and either depth charge launchers or minesweeping equipment, depending on operational requirements. In the meantime, however, the order for three net-laying vessels was re-instated before construction of McNeil's prototype could begin. (The second of these Bar-class boom vessels to be commissioned was instead named .)

Although McNeil's "Kangaroo class" was never built, his general concept attracted interest in Australian naval circles, as it offered advantages over existing minesweeper and anti-submarine classes and could be built in Australia with local resources, with the exception of weapons and some specialised instrumentation. Although not perfectly suited for any specific role, the all-round general capability for minesweeping, anti-submarine warfare, patrol, and escort duties was seen as a good short-term solution until better vessels could be requisitioned or constructed.

In September 1939, following the outbreak of war, there was a new procurement process for seven ships of a design based on McNeil's concept. Additional orders were soon placed by both the ACNB and the British Admiralty, and a total of 60 Bathurst-class ships were built, including 36 ordered by the RAN for home duties and 24 paid for by the Admiralty. Of these British-ordered vessels, 20 vessels were commissioned into the RAN and crewed by Australian personnel, on the understanding that they would be attached to Royal Navy fleets; a further four vessels were commissioned into the Royal Indian Navy.

The Bathurst class were officially classified as "Australian Minesweepers" (AMS) to hide their intended primary role in anti-submarine duties, although the Bathursts were popularly referred to as corvettes.

Design

Each ship's company varied in size: the standard complement was 85, including 6 commissioned and 12 to 13 non-commissioned officers. Over 20,000 personnel served on a Bathurst during the war: the early ships were primarily manned by reservists, while the majority of the 'Hostilities Only' personnel recruited during the war served on a Bathurst-class vessel sometime during their career. Sailors were accommodated in ten-man messdecks, which were small, poorly lit rooms that were perpetually damp from seawater and sweat. In anything but calm weather, hatches and portholes would have to be closed: sunlight and fresh air was a rarity inside the hull. Because of the conditions, high rates of sickness (particularly pneumonia and tuberculosis) were experienced. Officers slept in cabins with bunks (as opposed to hammocks), and ate and relaxed in each ship's wardroom, complete with bar and steward service. The difference in conditions between officers and sailors prompted tensions between these two groups.

Six large escort vessels based on a scaled-up version of the Bathurst design were considered for construction in mid-1941, but the design was determined to be inferior to the .

Armament and equipment
The most common armament for Bathurst-class corvettes was a 12-pounder gun or a 4-inch Mark XIX high-angle gun, three Oerlikon 20 mm cannons, two Lewis .303 machine guns, and two .303 Vickers machine guns. The corvettes carried up to 40 depth charges, which were deployed by 4 throwers and 2 chutes. Many of the 12-pounder carrying corvettes were refitted with the 4-inch during their service life, while one of the Oerlikons was often replaced with a Bofors 40 mm gun. Bathursts equipped with the 4-inch main gun were primarily allocated to northern waters, because of the increased air threat and the greater anti-aircraft capabilities of the 4-inch compared to the 12-pounder gun mounted on other corvettes.

Due to the variety of shipyards constructing the corvettes, as well as the varying roles the Bathursts were pressed into, there was no true standardisation of armament. Some ships varied significantly from the common armament profile, while an individual ship's weapons outfit could vary significantly for different periods of her career. At one stage,  carried six Oerlikon cannons, a number later reduced to four. By comparison, the outfit of  consisted of a single 4-inch gun and a single 40 mm gun.

The Bathursts were equipped with modified Type 128 asdic equipment, redesigned to be used without a gyroscopic stabiliser. Minesweeping equipment also varied across the class: ships equipped with the newer 'LL' minesweeping gear were distributed as evenly as possible throughout major Australian ports.

Each was fitted with a triple expansion steam engine (usually fabricated by railway workshops) to drive two propellers at a theoretical maximum speed of , although this required ideal conditions and was rarely achieved.

Construction

Construction of the ships required a significant expansion of the Australian shipbuilding industry. This was achieved by bringing disused dockyards back into production and establishing new facilities. The lead shipyard was Cockatoo Docks & Engineering Company in Sydney, which laid down the first ship, , in February 1940, and produced a further seven vessels. The other seven shipyards involved were Walkers Limited in Maryborough, Queensland (7 ships), Evans Deakin & Company in Brisbane (11 ships), Mort's Dock & Engineering Company in Sydney (14 ships), Poole & Steel in Sydney (7 ships), State Dockyard at Newcastle, New South Wales (1 ship), HMA Naval Dockyard at Williamstown, Victoria (8 ships), and BHP at Whyalla, South Australia (4 ships). Each ship cost approximately A£250,000 to build.

The initial rate of construction was slow, due to a variety of factors: delays in equipment delivery from overseas, industrial problems, a lack of qualified labour, and the difficulty of naval overseers in supporting all eight shipyards at once primary among them. The initial prediction was that two vessels per month would enter service through 1941, but by June 1940, only five of the seventeen ordered so far had been laid down, and the RAN was advised at the end of 1940 that only seven would be completed December 1940. The prioritisation of Admiralty orders by the Australian government meant that RAN-ordered ships were further delayed, although the Admiralty later allowed the first four of their ships to remain in local waters until replacements entered service. Rate of construction increased by late 1941, although the increasing need of shipbuilding resources for repairs as the war progressed slowed the rate of construction back down. The corvette's build time was comparable to that of an ; the fourteen-month construction time for  was equal to or faster than the individual build time of half the corvettes.

Three additional Bathursts were to be built for the Royal Indian Navy by Garden Reach of Calcutta. All three were laid down on 3 May 1943, but were cancelled and broken up on the slipways in March 1945. Instead, three Flower-class corvettes were transferred from the Royal Navy to India.

Role
The two main purposes the ships were intended for were minesweeping and anti-submarine escort. However, the corvettes found themselves performing a wide range of duties, including troop and supply transport, bombardment, assault landings support, survey and hydrography mapping, and providing aid to disabled ships. The Bathursts were seen as 'maids of all work' by the RAN, even though the design was inappropriate for some roles; being too small, too slow, or inadequately armed or equipped. It was not until March 1943 that sufficient ships were available to take the individual variations and capabilities of the Bathursts into account: prior to this, they were the first (and often only) available vessel.

Because of the dual, conflicting roles of local defence vessel and ocean-going escort, Bathursts based in Australia were under two different controllers for the first part of the Pacific War; operationally under the US Navy's Naval Commander South West Pacific Area Forces (COMSOUWESTPAC), and administratively under the Naval Officer In Charge (NOIC) of the ship's homeport. Following multiple incidents where a ship would be assigned to two different tasks simultaneously; conflicts between local needs, escort schedules, and maintenance requirements; and protests from the NOIC in Fremantle and Darwin, the Australian-based corvettes were placed completely under NOIC control in May 1942. Instead of directly assigning ships to convoys, COMSOUWESTPAC would indicate that ships would be needed from a particular port for escort duties, leaving the NOIC of that port free to allocate available ships.

Bathurst-class ships were assigned up to three different pennant numbers during the course of their career. With the exception of , all of the Bathurst-class corvettes were given numbers with the 'J' flag superior, designating them as minesweepers. Ships of the class that served with the British Pacific Fleet, like many other ships serving with the fleet, had their pennant numbers changed to ones with a 'B' flag superior. At the end of World War II, a reorganisation of the pennant system saw the Bathursts given new numbers with 'M' as the flag superior, which was the new designator for minesweepers.

Operational history

World War II
In the early part of their war service, Bathursts were involved in the evacuation of several locations which fell to the initial Japanese advance, and in the transportation of supplies and reinforcements to Australian and Dutch guerrilla operations in Timor.  was the only ship of the class destroyed by enemy action; she was sunk by torpedoes from Japanese aircraft on the afternoon of 1 December 1942 while transporting personnel of the Netherlands East Indies Army to Betano, Timor.

The Bathursts were involved in several attacks on submarines during the war. On 20 January 1942, the  was sunk outside Darwin. This, the first RAN kill of a full-size submarine, was credited to , with sister ships  and  assisting. On 11 September 1943,  assisted in the destruction of the German submarine . On 11 February 1944, the corvettes  and , along with the Indian sloop , were responsible for the sinking of the  in the Bay of Bengal.

In November 1942, an Indian Bathurst, , along with the Dutch tanker  she was escorting, engaged and sank the Japanese commerce raider , and drove off her sister ship .

In early 1943, HMA Ships  and  were modified to serve as hydrographic survey ships. The corvettes were assigned to Task Group 70.5 of the United States Seventh Fleet, and were used to survey waters prior to several amphibious landings during the war.

Eight corvettes were deployed to the Mediterranean in May 1943. Their anti-aircraft armament made them appropriate for escort duties during the Allied invasion of Sicily. A month later, four Bathursts were part of an eight-ship escort for a 40-strong convoy to Gibraltar when it was attacked by 50 German torpedo bombers; the corvettes' air defence destroyed nine aircraft, and only two merchant ships received damage. During their time in the Mediterranean, several corvettes reached the Atlantic Ocean.

In early 1945, eighteen Bathurst-class corvettes were assigned to the British Pacific Fleet. Eight of these ships cleared Victoria Harbour before the BPF arrived in Hong Kong at the end of the Japanese occupation, while three-, , and -were present in Tokyo Bay when the Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed.

The poor working and living conditions aboard the ships, combined with the heavy and often difficult workloads, led to mutinous acts aboard four ships during the war: , , , and . The incidents in Geraldton and Lithgow were minor and resolved without disciplinary charges, while the 'mutiny' aboard Toowoomba was caused by a lack of communication: after a hard day loading supplies, the sailors did not respond to an order to assemble on the quarterdeck as they felt they had laboured enough that day, but changed their mind when informed that the order to assemble was so the captain could thank them for their efforts, and reward them with drinks. However, the Pirie mutiny was far more serious: the ship's company were unable to respect their commanding officer, who was an ineffective leader but an overly strict disciplinarian with a superiority complex. This lack of respect was compounded while repairs were made to the corvette following an air attack off Oro Bay in April 1943, when the captain forced the rest of the company to live aboard, while he took residence at a hotel. A lack of pay, mail, and shore leave contributed to the sailors' frustration, and in response, 45 junior sailors refused to report for duties on 9 May until they could present their grievances to the commander. In response, he had the ship surrounded by armed guards and disabled the main gun. A Board of Inquiry failed to identify any ringleaders, and the problem was handed back to Piries commander to solve as he saw fit: fourteen men were charged with mutiny, with ten sent to prison. Relationships between commander and company did not improve until he was replaced at the end of 1943 for his botched handling of the event.

Only three Bathurst-class corvettes were lost during World War II. As well as Armidale, the other two ships were lost following collisions with merchant vessels of the United States:  in June 1943, and  in October 1944.

Post-war

After the war, the 20 Admiralty-owned vessels were disposed of; five to the Turkish Navy, eight to the Royal Netherlands Navy, and one to China, with the rest converted and sold for civilian use or broken up for scrap. Four of the Dutch Bathursts were later sold on to the Indonesian Navy. One of these, , renamed KRI Hang Tuah, was bombed and sunk on 28 April 1958 by a CIA-operated Douglas B-26 Invader operating in support of Permesta rebels opposed to the Guided Democracy in Indonesia established the previous year.

Of the 33 surviving RAN vessels, twelve were formed into the 20th Minesweeping Flotilla and tasked with clearing minefields deployed during the war in the waters of Australia, New Guinea, and the Solomons.  was sunk by an Australian mine in the Great Barrier Reef in September 1947. Several ships were also used to transport soldiers and liberated prisoners of war. The corvettes were then placed in operational reserve, with the intention that they be reactivated for escort work in the event of another war or international crisis. Most were sold off during the 1950s, including four to the Royal New Zealand Navy, to help offset the cost of acquiring and operating two aircraft carriers. Four corvettes (, , , and ) were recommissioned in 1951 as training vessels for the National Service Program.  was reactivated in 1953 for the same purpose. The RAN component of the program ended in 1957.

The last ship to leave RAN service was  on 28 October 1960. The gradual loss of minesweeping-capable ships was not rectified until late 1962, when the RAN purchased six s from the Royal Navy.

The 56 corvettes commissioned as Australian vessels travelled a combined total of  during their service with the RAN. A total of 83 personnel were killed in service across the entire service life of the class.

Operators

World War II
 Royal Australian Navy
 Royal Indian Navy; later Indian Navy

Post-war
 Indonesian Navy
 Royal New Zealand Navy
 Royal Netherlands Navy
 Turkish Navy
 Pakistan Navy
 Civilian operators; one vessel later acquired by People's Liberation Army Navy

Surviving examples and monuments
Of the 60 vessels, only two examples remain.  is a museum ship in Williamstown, Victoria.  is a land-based tourist attraction in Whyalla.

A monument to the 56 Australian-operated corvettes is located at the Royal Australian Navy Heritage Centre, at Garden Island, Sydney. The monument, Corvettes, was unveiled by Rear Admiral Peter Sinclair on 12 November 1995. Also at Garden Island, Sydney, a stained glass window listing the names of the corvettes frames the upper balcony doors of the Naval Chapel.

The Royal Australian Navy Corvettes memorial at the Fremantle War Memorial was dedicated on 7 October 1984.

See also

List of ship classes of the Second World War

Citations

References

Books

News and journal articles

Websites and other media

Ship Histories. Sea Power Centre – Royal Australian Navy.

Further reading

Corvette classes
Mine warfare vessel classes
Ship classes of the Royal Navy

Bathurst-class corvette


Efling stéttarfélag er íslenskt stéttarfélag sem stofnað var í desember árið 1998. Félagið byggir á sterkum rótum en það varð til við sameiningu verkalýðsfélaganna Dagsbrúnar og Verkakvennafélagsins Framsóknar við Starfsmannafélagið Sókn og Félag starfsfólks í veitingahúsum. Við stofnun Eflingar voru um 14 þúsund einstaklingar í félaginu en árið 2018 voru 27 þúsund félagar í Eflingu.

Ári eftir stofnun Eflingar sameinaðist félagið Iðju, félagi verksmiðjufólks í Reykjavík og árið 2009 sameinaðist Verkalýðs- og sjómannafélagið Boðinn Eflingu stéttarfélagi.

Félagsfólk Eflingar starfar á fjölmörgum sviðum atvinnulífsins bæði hjá opinberum stofnunum og í einkageiranum. Má þar nefna störf í mötuneytum og við ræstingar, við ummönnunarstörf, s.s. í heimaþjónustu, á leikskólum og á sjúkrastofnunum. Eflingarfólk sinnir einnig almennum störfum verkafólks á sviði iðnaðar, framleiðslu, flutninga, byggingarvinnu, við vegagerð og hafnarvinnu, landbúnaðarstörf og annast ýmsa vélavinnu sem tengist verklegum framkvæmdum. Almenn störf á veitinga- og gistihúsum eru unnin af Eflingarfólki og einnig öryggisvarsla og almenn störf við bensínafgreiðslu og á dekkjaverkstæðum.

Meðal stærstu vinnuveitenda innan Eflingar stéttarfélags eru Reykjavíkurborg, fjármála- og efnahagsáðuneyti, skipafélögin, Landspítali, ýmis ræstingafyrirtæki, olíufélögin og Kópavogsbær.

Fyrsti formaður Eflingar var Halldór Björnsson en hann gegndi embætti fra stofnun 1998 til 2000.  Sigurður Bessason tók við af Halldóri og gengdi hann formennsku í tæp 20 ár eða til ársins 2018. Núverandi formaður Eflingar er Sólveig Anna Jónsdóttir, sem var kjörin formaður þann 15. febrúar 2022 en var áður formaður frá 2018 til 2021.

Tilvísanir

Stofnað 1998
Íslensk stéttarfélög
Verkalýðsbarátta

Efling stéttarfélag


An Promenaea in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Promenaea in nahilalakip ha familia nga Orchidaceae.

An kladograma hini sumala ha Catalogue of Life:

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Promenaea

Promenaea


Luis Bayón Torres es un escultor brasileño, nacido en Barcelona.

Datos biográficos
Llegó al Brasil cuando contaba 10 años de edad.
Formado en artes plásticas por la Fundación Armando Alvares Penteado, se especializó en Magisterio de Arte por la ECA - Escuela de Comunicación y Artes de São Paulo y en Escultura por la UB - Universidad de Barcelona.

Asiduo del taller del escultor Nicolas Vlavianos allí desarrolló proyectos propios de escultura en hierro y acero inoxidable. Comenzó a tallar la piedra para hacer esculturas cuando conoció al escultor suizo Rinaldo Willi.

En Barcelona fue alumno en las aulas del escultor español Mariano Andrés Vilella, y en São Paulo de Alvaro Franklin.

Es miembro de la APAP, Associação Profissional de Artistas Plásticos de São Paulo.

Ha ejercido como profesor durante más de veinte años, impartiendo conocimientos de Arte, Escultura y Modelado, en el Museo Brasileño de la Escultura y en el Centro Universitario de Bellas Artes de São Paulo.

Notas y referencias

Enlaces externos
 "Vela ao vento" Mármore do Museu de Arte do Parlamento de São Paulo
 Obras de Luis Bayon
 Conquista do espaço Art Canal por Oscar D'Ambrosio

Escultores de Brasil
Escultores del siglo XX
Escultores del siglo XXI
Escultores de Cataluña
Escultores de España del siglo XX
Escultores de España del siglo XXI
Escultores de España en Brasil
Nacidos en Barcelona

Luis Bayón (escultor)


Doğanlar, Çorum ilinin Laçin ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Hamidiye Muhacir, 1960 yılı kayıtlarında ise Hamidiye olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 41 km, Laçin ilçe merkezine 11 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Laçin belde ve köyleri

Doğanlar, Laçin


Musee d'Histoire Naturelle steht für:
 Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris
 Musee d'Histoire Naturelle (Genf)
 Musee d'Historie Naturelle (Neuenburg)

Musee d’Histoire Naturelle


Aufzeichnungen aus Birma (franz. Chroniques Birmanes) ist eine Graphic Novel des kanadischen Zeichners Guy Delisle, die von dessen Erlebnissen in Burma berichtet. Sie ist nach Shenzhen und Pjöngjang sein drittes derartiges Werk.

Inhalt
Guy Delisle begleitet seine Frau Nadége, die bei Ärzte ohne Grenzen arbeitet, nach Burma. Dabei ist auch ihr gemeinsamer Sohn Louis. So verbringt Delisle seine Zeit zunächst vor allem mit der Erziehung, später findet er mehr Zeit dafür, seine Umgebung zu beobachten und zu zeichnen. So erzählt er in kurzen Episoden von den Erlebnissen eines jungen Vaters, den Begegnungen mit der fremden Kultur und den Widrigkeiten in der Militärdiktatur.

Veröffentlichung
Der Comic erschien 2007 in Frankreich bei Delcourt. Es folgte eine deutsche Übersetzung durch Kai Wilksen im Mai 2009 bei Reprodukt sowie auch eine englische bei Drawn and Quarterly.

Rezeption
Kritiken loben die minimalistische Darstellung, die eine klar subjektive Sicht auf das Erlebte deutlich machen. Dabei werden, ohne die Konfrontation zu suchen, die Erfahrungen in einer Militärdiktatur geschildert. Trotz Ironie und kuriosen Erzählungen werde der ernste Hintergrund deutlich. Die Süddeutsche Zeitung schreibt von einer "poetischen Ironie", Die Tageszeitung fasst die Erzählweise Delisles zusammen zu "das sensible Ich und die weite, schöne, schreckliche Welt".

Weblinks
 Aufzeichnungen aus Birma bei Reprodukt
 Beitrag von Amnesty International zum Comic

Einzelnachweise

Frankobelgischer Comic (Werk)
Reiseliteratur
Kultur (Myanmar)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)

Aufzeichnungen aus Birma