Hipotez testi, bir hipotezin doğruluğunun istatistiksel bir güvenilirlik aralığında saptanması için kullanılan yöntem.

Hipotez testleri bir örneklem ortalaması ile bu örneklemin çekilmiş olduğu düşünülen ortalama değer etrafındaki farkın anlamlı olup olmadığını (yani önemli bir fark olup olmadığını) saptayan testlerdir.

Eğer iki ana kütlenin ortalamaları arasındaki fark sınanıyorsa bunlardan çekilen örneklemlerin ortalamaları üzerinde hipotez testleri yapılarak farkın doğru olup olmadığı anlaşılabilir.

Hipotez testleri için temel varsayımlar
 Örneğe alınan birimler birbirlerinden bağımsız olarak seçilmiş olmalıdırlar.
 Ana kütle normal dağılıma sahip olmalıdır.
 İki ana kütle söz konusu ise bunların varyansları eşit olmalıdır.

Hipotez testinin aşamaları
 Hipotezlerin oluşturulması nasıl yapacağım?
 Anlam düzeyinin (α- alfa) belirlenmesi.
 Örnekleme dağılımının belirlenmesi.
 Ret alanının ve kritik değerin belirlenmesi.
 Karşılaştırmalar, sonuç ve yorum.

Sıfır hipotezi (Ho)

Null, Yokluk Hipotezi, İstatistiksel Hipotez => :Örneklemden elde edilen ortalama ile anakütleye ait ortalamanın farkı "sıfır","0" sayılabilir. Yani anakütle üzerinde yapılan deformasyonların anakütle aritmetik ortalamasını değiştirmeyeceği görüşünü savunur. Bu görüş savunulurken istatistiksel anlamlılık denilen (%99 %97 veya %95) yanılgı payı göz önüne alınır. Zaten yapılan işlemlerden sonra farkın çok küçük de olsa sıfırdan farklı olduğu görülür

Karşıt Hipotez (H1)

Alternatif, Araştırma Hipotezi.:Yani yapılan deformasyonun anakütle aritmetik ortalamasını değiştireceği öngürüsüdür.

Karşılaşılabilecek durumlar

 "Ho doğrudur": Hipotez testi sonunda biz doğru olduğunu buluyoruz. Yani "reddedemiyoruz" diyoruz. Reddettiğimizde yapacağımız hatayı biliriz ama kabul ettiğimizde yapacağımız hatayı bilemeyeceğimiz için yorumlarken "reddedemiyoruz" diyoruz. ((1-α) güven katsayısı ile bu çıkardığımız sonuç doğrudur.)
 "Ho doğru" olmasına karşın hipotez testi sonunda biz onun yanlış olduğunu zannedip Ho'ı reddediyoruz. (I. tür hata veya α hata)
 "H0 hatalı veya yanlıştır": Biz onu doğru reddedemedik. Hata! (II. tür hata veya β hata)
"H0 hatalı veya yanlıştır": Biz onun yanlış olduğunu bulduk; H0'ı reddettik. ((1-β) veya testin gücü ile bu çıkardığımız sonuç doğrudur .

"Güç", bir hipotez testinin isabetliliği için önemli bir kriterdir ve her zaman maksimize edilmek istenir. Güç'ün 1 çıkması o testin ideal olduğunu gösterir ama pratikte "Güç = 1" olan testlere çok nadir rastlanır.

I. Tür - α ve II. Tür - β tipi hatalar bilinçli olarak yapılan hatalardır. Burada bu hataların bilinçli yapılmasının sebebi olaylara bir de tersinden bakma gereksiniminden dolayıdır.

Özetle:

Olasılıklar
α: Hatalı karar, Ho doğru, biz onu yanlış diye reddediyoruz. (I. Tip Hata)

β: Hatalı karar, Ho yanlış, biz onu doğru diye kabul ediyoruz.

(1-α) : Doğru bir Ho hipotezini kabul etmemiz olasılığı olup buna testin güvenilirlik düzeyi denir.

(1-β) : Yanlış bir H0 hipotezini reddetmemiz olasılığı olup buna testin gücü denir.

Hipotez testi yaparken, α ve β hatalarını en aza indirmek için örneklemdeki birim sayısını olabildiğince fazlalaştırmak gerekir. α hatası yapma olasılığı azalırsa β hatası yapma olasılığı artar. İki hatanın olasılığından biri azalırken diğeri artar. Aynı testte hem α hem de β hatası beraber yapılamaz. Hatasız bir test yapmak mümkün değildir. %1,0 doğru karar verilemez. Normal dağılım asimtotik olup x-ekseni ile kesişmediği için çok küçük de olsa bir risk söz konusudur.

Tek Anakütle Ortalaması İçin Test
Burada araştırma sorunu tek bir anakütle parametresi (anakütle ortalaması) hakkındadır. Bu anakütle ortalama değeri tam olarak bilinmemekte ve belirlenen bir hipotez değerde  (Mü sıfır diye okunur) olduğu varsayılmaktadır. Hipotez testi anakütle ortalamasına verilen değer hakkındadır. "Sıfır hipotez" değeri bu parametre için belirtilen değerde olduğudur ve yani
Ho : μ = μo
alternatif hipotez ise
Ho : μ <> μo
Bir anakütleden "basit olasılık örnekleme yöntemi" kullanarak "n" örneklem büyüklüğü olan bir örneklem ele geçirilir; istenilen değerler ölçülür ve  (x bar diye okunur) değerindeki örneklem ortalaması bulunur. Hipotez testi yönteminde araştırma hedefi bu örneklemin söz konusu anakütleden çekilmiş olup olamayacağını ya da kaynağı olan anakütleden çekilmiş olabilmesinin olasılığının ne olabileceğini ortaya koymaktır.

Örnek
Bir alçı dolum makinesi μo=20 kg ortalama ağırlıklı alçı dolumu yaparken arıza yapar. Tamirci getirip tamir ettirilir. Acaba yine μo=20kglık dolum yapabilecek midir?

Deneme yapıp görmek gerekir.

40 torba basit örneklem yöntemine göre seçilip bu 40 alçı torbası ağırlıkları şöyle ölçülmüştür:

 = 19,8 kg,  = 20,5 kg,  = 21,2 kg,  = 18,9 kg, ...,  = 20,8 kg

Örneklem istatistikleri şöyle hesaplanmıştır:

n = 40 torba

Örneklem ortalaması:  = 21,4 kg

Örneklem standart sapması: σ = 3,2 kg

 =

 -> 21,4±0,506 kg

Buradan sonra hipotez testleri sürecine geçilir.

Hipotezler

Ho: Elimizdeki örneklem anakütle ortalaması "Mo = 20kg" olan bir anakütleden çekilmiş bir rassal örneklem olup, örneklem ortalaması X- değeri anakütle ortalamasına eşit olarak kabul edilebilir. Aradaki 1,4 kg lık fark ise tesadüfe bağlanabilecek, önemli olmayan, anlam taşımayan çok küçük bir farktır. Dolayısıyla X- = Mo yazabiliriz. Yani elimizdeki örneklemin ait olduğu anakütle ortalamasını M ile gösteririz.

H1: Bu örneklem "Mo = 20kg" olan bir anakütleden çekilmiş bir rassal örneklem olamaz. Aradaki 1,4 kg lık fark tesadüfe bağlı değil, ayarlamanın yapılmamış olması nedeni ile gerçekleşmiştir. Bu kadarlık farkın tesadüfen ortaya çıkmış olması olasılığı çok küçüktür. Dolayısıyla dolum ayarı iyi olmadığı için istenenden daha hafif ya da daha ağır dolumlarla karşılaşmamız olasıdır. Bu örneklemin çekilmiş olduğu anakütle 20 kg olamaz. Örneklemimiz kendine ait başka bir anakütleden çekilmiş olmalıdır.

İstatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyinin belirlenmesi (Risk düzeyi, Yanılgı Payı, Hata payı)

α nın saptanması.
Hatasız bir test yapamayacağımız için her testte bir miktar yanılma riskimiz vardır. Bunu 0,05; 0,01; 0,005; 0,0001;... gibi bir düzey olarak benimseyebiliriz. Yanılma payımız küçüldükçe, teste olan güven düzeyimiz yükselir. O nedenle istatistikçiler olabildiğince az yanılma ile test yapmak isterler. Yine de α =0,05 ve α=0,01 düzeyleri en çok kullanılanlardır.

α=0,05 olsun. Testin güven düzeyi = 1 - α = 0,95 olur.

Örnekleme dağılımının belirlenmesi
Elimizdeki veriler tartma yoluyla elde edilmiş sürekli, nitelik, nicel bir değişkene aittir. Bu tip veriler genelde normal dağılım gösterirler. Yani örneklemimiz "normal dağılım" lı bir anakütleden çekilmiştir. Anakütle sonsuz büyüklüktedir. Seçim iadesiz seçimdir ve tamamen rassal bir süreçle yapılmıştır. Yani torbaların ağırlıkları birbirini etkilememiştir. n>30 olduğu için büyük bir örneklem ile çalışıyoruz. Aynı anakütleden n=40 birimli pek çok sayıda örneklem çekmiş olsak, bunların X- ortalama dağılımı bir normal dağılım olur. Bu ortalamaların ortalaması anakütle ortalamasını verir. "kg" biriminden kurtulmak için X- ortalama değerlerini standardize edersek, verilerimiz z değerlerine dönüşür ve dağılımımız bir standart normal dağılım olan z dağılımı na dönüşür.

Ret alanının belirlenmesi
Kritik değerin saptanması

Ret alanı demek; normal dağılım eğrisi altında seçtiğimiz güven alanı (Ho'ın kabul alanı) dışında kalan Ho'ın reddedilmesini sağlayan küçük alanlardır. Ret alanı çift yönlü olabilir. (eksi taraf, artı taraf) veya tek taraflı olabilir. (Yani ya sol tarafta ya da sağ tarafta) Bunun anlaşılması için H1 hipotezine bakarız.

Test istatistiği

Elimizdeki örnekleme ait zh değeri örneklemin bir istatistiğidir. Bu istatistik yardımıyla hipotez testini sonuçlandıracağız. O nedenle, zh değerine Test İstatistiği adını veriyoruz.

 = (21,4-20)/0,51 = 2,74

Karşılaştırma, sonuç ve yorum
Bir hipotez testinde; zh < zα ise; Ho kabul edilir. Bu elimizdeki X-in, M ye yakın kabul edilebilecek bir konumda (Ho'ın kabul alanında) bulunduğunu gösterir.

Eğer zh > zα ise; Ho reddedilir. Elimizdeki örneklemin, Mo ortalamalı bir anakütleden çekilmiş rassal bir örneklem olmayacağı çünkü böyle bir şeyin gerçekleşmesi olasılığının çok küçük (p<0,05 veya p<0,01) olduğu sonucuna ulaşılır.

Sonuç

 zh = 2,74 > z0,05 = 1,96 --> Ho RET

Bu duruma göre: elimizdeki örneklemin ortalaması, ilgilendiğim anakütlenin ortalamasından çok uzağa düşen bir büyüklüktedir. O nedenle iki ortalama arasındaki farkı z değerine dönüştürdüğümde, bulduğum zh = 2,74 değeri de z0,05 = 1,96 nın ötesine düşmüştür. Yani %5'lik ret alanına düşmüştür. Bu durumda X- = Mo biçiminde ifade ettiğim ve oradan M=Mo düzeyine yükselttiğim Ho hipotezini kabul edemem. Demek ki, bu makine hatalı dolum yapmakta, ortalaması 20 kg olan dolumlar gerçekleştirememektedir. Aynı deneyi n=40 olan 100 örneklem ile tekrarlarsam, bunun 95inde gene aynı sonuçla karşılaşmayı beklerim. Belki yalnızca 5inde makinenin ayarı iyiymiş gibi hatalı bir sonuca ulaşabilirim.

Dolayısıyla; verdiğim kararın doğru olması olasılığı %95 iken hatalı olması olasılığı en fazla %5 tir.

Test sonucundaki değerlendirmeler ve yorum

1) zh<zα olduğunda, Ho hipotezini kabul ediyoruz ve;

 Bu iki örneklemin çekilmiş olduğu anakütle ortalamalarının birbirlerine eşit olduklarını,
 Bu iki anakütlenin aynı anakütleden çekilmiş birer rassal örneklem olduğunu,
 İki örneklem ortalaması arasında gözlediğimiz farkın bir olasılık eseri olarak ortaya çıkmış, istatistik bakımından anlamlı olmayan, önemli olmayan küçük bir fark olduğunu düşünürüz.

2) zh>zα olduğunda, Ho hipotezini reddediyoruz ve;

 Ho hipotezine ait olan düşüncemizin tersini kabul ediyoruz, yani H1'i kabul ediyoruz.
 Bu büyüklükteki zh değerinin olasılığa bağlı olarak ortaya çıkmış olması olasılığı (ihtimali) çok düşüktür. Bu olasılık (p değeri) seçtiğimiz α değerinden de küçüktür. Bu kadar küçük bir olasılıkla ortaya çıkan bu z değerini artık rastgeleliğe değil anakütlenin gerçekten farklı olmasına bağlarız.

Önemli parametrik hipotez sınamaları özeti

Tek örneklem ve tek anakütle parametresi için hipotez sınamaları

İki-örneklem ve iki anakütle parametresi farkı için hipotez sınamaları

Sembollerin tanımlanması
 = örneklem büyüklüğü
 = örneklem ortalaması
 = anakütle ortalaması
 = anakütle standart sapması
 = t istatistiği
 = serbestlik derecesi
 = örneklem 1 büyüklüğü
 = örneklem 2 büyüklüğü
 = örneklem 1 std. sapması
 = örneklem 2 std. sapması
 = oran 1
 = oran 2
 = anakütle 1 ortalaması
 = anakütle 2 ortalaması
 = n1 veya n2 için en küçük değer

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Klasik hipotez test etmenin Bayes tipi görüşle tenkiti
 Uzun zamandan beri istatistikçileri düşündüren klasik hipotez test etmenin tenkitlerinin açığa konulması

İstatiksel çıkarsama
Testler
Çıkarımsal istatistik

Hipotez testi


Lyngørfjorden er en fjord i Tvedestrand kommune  i Agder fylke i Norge. Den  som ligger i området nord for Lyngør, og går  8,5 kilometer mod sydvest fra Teistholmen til Gjesøya syd for Krokvåg.

En række øer danner den sydlige grænse af fjorden. Fra øst mod vest er disse blandt andre Odden, Holmen, Steinsøya og Askerøya (alle fire beboede), Bukkeholmene, østre Lyktene, store Bastholmen og Gjesøya. Syd for  vestenden af Lyngørfjorden ligger Sandøyfjorden.

Kilder og henvisninger

 Dronefilm fra Lyngørfjorden Sønnavind Dronefoto på youtube.com

Fjorde i Agder
Tvedestrand

Lyngørfjorden


Sollerup Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı bölge. 12,98 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Haziran 2005 itibarıyla yaklaşık 486 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Hans-Peter Nissen tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-eggebek.de

Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Sollerup


Marie Ahlers (née le  à Siersleben et morte le  à Berlin-Est) est une femme politique allemande, membre du Reichstag pour le Parti communiste d'Allemagne sous la République de Weimar et membre du Parti socialiste unifié d'Allemagne.

Biographie
Marie Albrecht est née le  à Siersleben, une petite ville au nord-ouest de Halle. Son père est mineur. Elle fréquente l'école primaire puis travaille comme ouvrière agricole et couturière.

En 1917, elle épouse Hermann Ahlers.

En 1918, elle devient membre du Parti social-démocrate indépendant d'Allemagne (USPD) et l'année suivante elle adhère aux . C'est aussi en 1919 qu'elle est exclue de l'Église catholique. En 1920, elle rejoint la Ligue des jeunes communistes d'Allemagne et le Parti communiste d'Allemagne (KPD), nouvellement créé.

Elle est membre de la direction de l'Association des femmes et des filles rouges, dès sa fondation en 1925, comme section féminine de l'Union des Combattants du front rouge (Roter Frontkämpferbund).

De 1929 à 1933, elle est conseillère municipale à Eisleben et membre du secrétariat élargi des femmes du Comité central du KPD.

En septembre 1930, Marie Ahlers est élue au Reichstag dans la circonscription de Mersebourg et siège jusqu'en mars 1933. Après l'arrivée au pouvoir d'Adolf Hitler, le Parti communiste est interdit et ses militants persécutés. À partir de ce moment là, elle travaille dans l'illégalité, ce qui lui vaut d'être accusée de haute trahison et de trahison d'État et la contraint à vivre dans la clandestinité pendant un certain temps.

Après 1945, Marie Ahlers est une membre importante du parti communiste dans la zone d'occupation soviétique puis dans la République démocratique allemande.

En 1945-1946, elle travaille à Berlin-Tegel dans l'administration du Parti communiste et dirige le comité des femmes antifascistes. En 1946, elle devient membre du Parti socialiste unifié (SED), qui résulte de la fusion controversée du Parti communiste d'Allemagne et du Parti social-démocrate d'Allemagne.

Entre 1948 et 1953, elle est une membre de l'important Freier Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund (Fédération des syndicats allemands libres, FDGB). Entre 1958 et 1963, elle fait partie de la Commission d'audit du Parti socialiste unifié.

À partir de 1930, Marie Ahlers vit avec Gerhard Taubenheim (1891-1973), qu'elle épouse en 1945 et dont elle prend le nom.

Marie Taubenheim meurt le  à l'âge de 70 ans. Son urne est inhumée dans le site funéraire Pergolenweg du Mémorial des socialistes au cimetière central de Berlin-Friedrichsfelde à Berlin.

Distinctions
 1958 : médaille des combattants contre le fascisme 1933 à 1945
 1958 : ordre du mérite patriotique en bronze et en argent en 1963
 1960 : médaille Clara-Zetkin
 1968 : Bannière du Travail

Références et sources

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
  Hermann Weber, Andreas Herbst (éd.), Deutsche Kommunisten. Biographisches Handbuch 1918 bis 1945, 2e éd. revue et corrigée, Berlin, Karl Dietz Verlag, 2008  Lire en ligne
  Andreas Herbst, Taubenheim, Marie, dans , Karlheinz Kuba,  (éd. ), FDGB-Lexikon. Funktion, Struktur, Kader und Entwicklung einer Massenorganisation der SED (1945–1990), Berlin 2009.

Liens externes

Femme politique allemande
Personnalité politique de la République démocratique allemande
Personnalité du Parti social-démocrate indépendant d'Allemagne
Personnalité du Parti communiste d'Allemagne
Député du Reichstag (république de Weimar)
Résistante allemande
Résistant communiste
Récipiendaire de la Bannière du Travail
Récipiendaire de l'ordre du mérite patriotique en argent
Naissance en avril 1898
Naissance dans la province de Saxe
Décès en août 1968
Décès à Berlin-Est
Personnalité inhumée au cimetière central de Berlin-Friedrichsfelde
Décès à 70 ans

Marie Ahlers


Chlamydogramme es un género monotípico de helechos perteneciente a la familia  Dryopteridaceae. Su única especie: Chlamydogramme hollrungii, es originaria de Papúa Nueva Guinea.

Taxonomía
Chlamydogramme hollrungii fue descrita por (Kuhn) Holttum y publicado en The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 39(2): 157. 1986.
Sinonimia
 Acrostichum hollrungii (Kuhn) Baker
 Gymnopteris hollrungii Kuhn
 Hemigramma hollrungii (Kuhn) Copel.
 Leptochilus hollrungii (Kuhn) C. Chr.

Referencias

Dryopteridaceae
Flora de Nueva Guinea
Plantas descritas en 1986
Plantas descritas por Kuhn
Plantas descritas por Holttum

Chlamydogramme hollrungii


Les douze preux de Charlemagne  sont des chevaliers légendaires qui auraient entouré Charlemagne. La pairie, qui a inspiré ces légendes, est apparue bien après, au , sous Philippe Auguste.

Littérature médiévale
Dans la chanson de Roland, les chevaliers sont Roland, Olivier, Gérin, Gérier, Bérenger, Othon, Samson, Engelier, Ivon, Ivoire, Anséïs et Girart de Roussillon.

Cependant, dans plusieurs œuvres dont le Pèlerinage de Charlemagne, une chanson de geste du XIIe siècle, l'archevêque Turpin et Ogier le Danois sont parfois considérés comme faisant partie de cette liste

Littérature moderne
Publié en 1516, le poème Orlando Furioso réécrit la chanson de Roland en modifiant la liste des preux.

Dans le poème de Boiardo et d'Arioste, les douze preux de Charlemagne sont Orlando (Roland), neveu de Charlemagne et héros en chef parmi les paladins ; Oliver, le rival de Roland; Ferumbras (Fierabras), un Sarrasin est devenu chrétien; Astolpho, descendant de Charles Martel et cousin d'Orlando; Ogier le Danois; Ganelon le traître, qui apparaît dans L'Enfer de Dante Alighieri ;  Rinaldo (Renaud de Montauban) ; Malagigi (Maugris), un sorcier; Florismart, un ami d'Orlando; Guy de Bourgogne ; Namo (Naimon ou Namus), duc de Bavière, conseiller de confiance de Charlemagne ; et Otuel, un autre sarrasin converti.

Enumération des preux

Roland
Roland (736-778) est un chevalier franc ayant inspiré la Chanson de Roland.

Olivier

Olivier est un chevalier légendaire mort à la bataille de Roncevaux en 778.

Gérin

Gérier

Turpin
Turpin est un personnage légendaire, archevêque, compagnon de Charlemagne et de Roland de Roncevaux dans la Chanson de Roland et plusieurs textes médiévaux. Dans la Chanson de Roland, il est davantage dépeint comme un baron que comme un archevêque, prenant notamment part aux combats. Il est peut-être inspiré de Tilpin, archevêque de Reims au , ce qui lui vaut de figurer parmi les douze pairs de Charlemagne.

Mais il ne rend jamais visite à son diocèse et même après la défaite de Roncevaux, il ne se rend pas à Reims.

Béranger
Attention à ne pas le confondre avec  de Frioul.

Ce chevalier légendaire est probablement inspiré de  de Neustrie quoique ce dernier dont on ignore la date de naissance est mort 82 ans après Charlemagne.

Othon

Samson

Engelier

Ivon

Ivoire

Anséïs
Après la mort de Roland à la bataille de Roncevaux, Anséïs aurait été le seul à accepter de rester en Espagne pour défendre cette région des invasions mauresques.

Girart de Roussillon

Ogier le Danois

Notes et références

Chevalier français
Légende de Roland
Histoire au Moyen Âge
Charlemagne
Pair de Charlemagne

Douze preux de Charlemagne


1. ŽNL Brodsko-posavska u sezoni 2016./17. predstavlja prvi rang županijske lige u Brodsko-posavskoj županiji, te ligu petog ranga hrvatskog nogometnog prvenstva.  Sudjelovalo je 13 klubova, a ligu je osvojila momčad Sikirevaca.

Ljestvica

Posavina Velika Kopanica odustala prije početka natjecanja.

Rezultatska križaljka
podebljan rezltat - igrano u prvom dijelu lige (1. – 13. kolo)
rezultat normalne debljine - igrano u drugom dijelu lige (14. – 26. kolo)
 prekrižen rezultat  - poništena ili brisana utakmica

{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center"
!kratica !!klub !!BAT !!GUN !!MLAC !!MLAS !!OML !!POD !!POSR !!SIK !!SLAB !!SLANK !!TOM !!ZAD !!ZVO
|-
|BAT ||align="left"|Batrina
|bgcolor="gainsboro"| ||6:3 ||0:1 ||3:1 ||2:0 ||6:0 ||1:0 ||0:2 ||5:3 ||2:1 ||2:0 ||2:1 ||3:3
|-
|GUN ||align="left"|Gundinci
|3:1 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||2:3 ||1:1 ||2:1 ||6:0 ||1:1 ||0:3 ||2:1 ||4:1 ||2:1 ||1:2 ||3:2
|-
|MLAC ||align="left"|Mladost Cernik
|3:1 ||5:2 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||0:1 ||1:1 ||4:0 ||6:0 ||0:0 ||4:2 ||4:0 ||1:0 ||2:2 ||3:0
|-
|MLAS ||align="left"|Mladost Sibinj
|1:0 ||0:0 ||4:0 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||2:2 ||3:1 ||0:3 ||0:2 ||1:0 ||0:1 ||0:0 ||0:1 ||0:0
|-
|OML ||align="left"|Omladinac Gornja Vrba
|6:1 ||0:1 ||0:0 ||0:2 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||3:0 ||4:0 ||1:4 ||4:5 ||1:0 ||3:0 ||0:3 p.f. ||5:0
|-
|POD ||align="left"|Podvinje
|0:2 ||2:1 ||1:5 ||1:7 ||0:2 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||0:2 ||1:7 ||1:4 ||0:5 ||0:8 ||1:6 ||2:6
|-
|POSR ||align="left"|Posavac Ruščica
|1:2 ||1:3 ||2:3 ||2:4 ||0:1 ||2:0 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||0:4 ||1:4 ||1:4 ||2:1 ||0:0 ||0:1
|-
|SIK ||align="left"|Sikirevci
|4:0 ||3:2 ||2:0 ||4:1 ||1:3 ||11:0 ||1:0 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||3:3 ||2:0 ||7:0 ||2:0 ||2:1
|-
|SLAB ||align="left"|Slavonac Bukovlje
|3:2 ||8:1 ||2:1 ||0:0 ||0:0 ||5:0 ||1:1 ||3:1 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||2:1 ||4:2 ||2:2 ||4:1
|-
|SLANK ||align="left"|Slavonac Nova Kapela
|3:1 ||1:2 ||1:2 ||4:1 ||5:1 ||4:0 ||5:0 ||0:3 ||1:5 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||1:0 ||2:1 ||1:0
|-
|TOM ||align="left"|Tomislav Donji Andrijevci
|2:2 ||5:0 ||4:1 ||2:2 ||4:3 ||5:1 ||2:0 ||1:1 ||2:2 ||2:0 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||2:0 ||1:0
|-
|ZAD ||align="left"|Zadrugar Oprisavci
|2:1 ||1:0 ||5:1 ||3:2 ||0:1 ||3:0 ||4:0 ||1:1 ||3:0 ||3:0 ||2:1 || bgcolor="gainsboro" | ||4:0
|-
|ZVO ||align="left"|Zvonimir Donja Vrba
|5:1 ||1:1 ||0:0 ||3:2 ||3:3 ||4:0 ||2:0 ||2:2 ||0:2 ||2:3 ||1:0 ||2:2' || bgcolor="gainsboro" |
|}Ažurirano 28. srpnja 2017. godine''

Povezani članci
 1. ŽNL Brodsko-posavska
 MŽNL Slavonije i Baranje 2016./17.
 1. ŽNL Požeško-slavonska 2016./17.
 1. ŽNL Vukovarsko-srijemska 2016./17.

Vanjske poveznice
 Županijski nogometni savez Brodsko-posavske županije

Izvori
 zns-bpz.hr, 1. ŽNL Brodsko-posavska 2016./17., ljestvica , pristupljeno 28. srpnja 2017.
 zns-bpz.hr, 1. ŽNL Brodsko-posavska 2016./17., rezultati , pristupljeno 28. srpnja 2017.
 rsssf.com, Hrvatska 2016./17., 5. rang - 1. ŽNL

2016-17
Brodsko-posavska-1

1. ŽNL Brodsko-posavska 2016./17.


Ian Buruma () este un scriitor, redactor și istoric neerlandez, care trăiește și lucrează în Statele Unite ale Americii. În luna mai 2017 a fost numit redactor al The New York Review of Books, începându-și activitatea în septembrie 2017.

Multe din scrierile sale sunt axate pe cultura Asiei, în special cea a Chinei și a Japoniei din secolul al XX-lea. El a fost profesor de drepturile omului și de jurnalism la Bard College din 2003 până în 2017.

Viața și cariera
Buruma s-a născut și a crescut la Haga, Țările de Jos, dintr-un tată neerlandez și o mamă englezoaică. El a studiat istoria și literatura chineză la Universitatea din Leiden, și apoi, cinematografia japoneză la Universitatea Nihon din Tokyo, Japonia. Soția lui este istorica japoneză Hotta Eri.

A locuit în Japonia din 1975 până în 1981, unde a lucrat ca fotograf, realizator de filme documentare și critic de film. În cursul anilor 1980, a editat secțiunea culturală a Far Eastern Economic Review din Hong Kong. Mai târziu, a călătorit prin Asia, lucrând ca scriitor independent. Buruma este membru al Consiliului European pentru Relații Externe. Buruma a contribuit cu numeroase articole la revista The New York Review of Books începând din 1985. A avut burse la Wissenschaftskolleg din Berlin (1991) și la Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars din Washington, D.C. (1999) și a predat la St Antony's College din Oxford, Marea Britanie. În anul 2000 a ținut conferința anuală Huizinga (despre "Neoromantismul scriitorilor din exil"), în Pieterskerk din Leiden, Țările de Jos.

Din 2003 până în 2017 Buruma a fost profesor de democrație, drepturile omului și jurnalism la Bard College din New York. În mai 2017 a fost numit redactor al revistei The New York Review of Books, preluând funcția de redactor în septembrie 2017, ca succesor al redactorului fondator Robert B. Silvers, care a deținut această poziție până la moartea sa, în martie 2017. A obținut mai multe premii pentru cărțile sale, inclusiv Premiul de carte al revistei Los Angeles Times și Premiul pentru arta eseului al PEN/Diamonstein-Spielvogel pentru Theater of Cruelty. A deținut o serie de poziții academice și editoriale și a fost numit un "intelectual european bine-privit".

Buruma este un nepot al regizorului englez de film John Schlesinger, publicând o carte de interviuri cu acesta.

Opinii politice
Buruma a susținut participarea convinsă a Marii Britanii în cadrul Uniunii Europene pentru că ei sunt "cei mai puternici campioni în Europa ai unei abordări liberale a politicii și comerțului".

Premii
În 2008 Buruma a fost distins cu Premiul Erasmus, care este decernat unei persoane care este acordat anual unei persoane sau instituții care a adus o contribuție excepțională culturii, societății sau științelor sociale din Europa sau din lumea întreagă.

În aprilie 2012, el a fost distins cu Premiul Abraham Kuyper pentru excelență în teologie reformată și viață publică al Seminarului Teologic Princeton.

Scrieri
  with Donald Richie

 Tokyo: Form and Spirit (1986) with James Brandon, Kenneth Frampton, Martin Friedman, Donald Richie
 God's Dust: A Modern Asian Journey (1989)
 Great Cities of the World: Hong Kong (1991)
 Playing the Game (1991) novel
 The Wages of Guilt: Memories of War in Germany and in Japan (1994)
 Introduction for Geisha: The Life, the Voices, the Art (1998) by Jodi Cobb
 Voltaire's Coconuts, or Anglomania in Europe (UK title) (1998) or Anglomania: a European Love Affair (US title) (1999)
 The Missionary and the Libertine: Love and War in East and West (2000) compilation
 De neo-romantiek van schrijvers in exil ("Neoromanticism of writers in exile") (2000)
 Bad Elements: Chinese Rebels from Los Angeles to Beijing (2001)
 Inventing Japan: From Empire to Economic Miracle 1853–1964 (2003)
 Occidentalism: The West in the Eyes of Its Enemies (2004) with Avishai Margalit
 Murder in Amsterdam: The Death of Theo Van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance (2006)  winner of The Los Angeles Times Book Prize for the Best Current Interest Book.
 Conversations with John Schlesinger (2006)
 Commentary on the History of China for the time period of The Last Emperor, The Criterion Collection 2008 DVDs (ASIN: B000ZM1MIW, ).
 The China Lover (2008) novel
 Taming the Gods: Religion and Democracy on Three Continents (2010) , with some historical examples of the value the separation of religion and national governance with the separation of church and state as one example.
 Grenzen aan de vrijheid: van De Sade tot Wilders (Limits to Freedom: From De Sade to Wilders) (2010)  – Essay for the Month of Philosophy in the Netherlands.

 Theater of Cruelty (2014)
 Their Promised Land: My Grandparents in Love and War (2016)
 Eseuri
 Theater of Cruelty: Art, Film, and the Shadows of War
 China's class ceiling, published in the Los Angeles Times
 The Pilgrimage from Tiananmen Square, The New York Times (1999)

Note

Legături externe
 Official Website, cu curriculum vitae
 Column archive at Project Syndicate
 Column archive at The Guardian
 Column archive at The New York Review of Books

 Article archive  at Journalisted
 Interviuri
 Voices on Antisemitism Interview with Ian Buruma from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
 Ian Buruma discusses A Murder in Amsterdam  FORA.tv

Nașteri în 1951
Cadre didactice universitare ale Bard College
Eseiști neerlandezi
Neerlandezi expatriați în Statele Unite
Jurnaliști neerlandezi
Absolvenți ai Universității din Leiden
Neerlandezi în viață
Nașteri pe 28 decembrie

Ian Buruma


Rita Roland (* 5. Oktober 1914; † 17. August 1998 in Los Angeles, Kalifornien; eigentlich Viktoria Rosenstein) war eine US-amerikanische Filmeditorin.

Leben
Roland begann Ende der 1930er Jahre in Europa als Editorin beim Film zu arbeiten, so unter anderem für die niederländische Produktion Boefje (1939) von Douglas Sirk. Nachdem sie den Zweiten Weltkrieg und den Holocaust überlebt hatte, wanderte sie mit ihrem Ehemann, dem Produzenten und Regisseur Heinz Josephson, in die Vereinigten Staaten aus. Ab 1963 war sie für MGM in Hollywood tätig, wo sie für Filme wie Träumende Lippen (1965) mit Sidney Poitier oder Dominique – Die singende Nonne (1966) mit Debbie Reynolds zum Einsatz kam. Weitere Filme, bei denen sie für den Schnitt verantwortlich war, waren Die nackten Tatsachen (1967) mit Tony Curtis und Claudia Cardinale sowie Wo warst Du als das Licht ausging? (1968) mit Doris Day.

Ab 1972 arbeitete sie häufig für das US-amerikanische Fernsehen. Für den Fernsehfilm Die Entführung des Lindbergh-Babys wurde sie 1976 erstmals für den Emmy nominiert, den sie im darauffolgenden Jahr für Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years gewinnen konnte. 1978 und 1983 gewann sie jeweils einen Eddie Award der American Cinema Editors. 1985 zog sie sich aus dem Filmgeschäft zurück. Sie starb 1998 im Alter von 83 Jahren in Los Angeles an einem Schlaganfall.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1939: Boefje
 1948: Nederlands in 7 lessen
 1964: Hotel für Liebespaare (Honeymoon Hotel)
 1965: Kurven-Lilly (Girl Happy)
 1965: Träumende Lippen (A Patch of Blue)
 1966: Dominique – Die singende Nonne (The Singing Nun)
 1966: Sag niemals ja (Spinout)
 1967: Die nackten Tatsachen (Don't Make Waves)
 1968: Wo warst Du als das Licht ausging? (Where Were You When the Lights Went Out?)
 1968: Bullen – wie lange wollt ihr leben? (The Split)
 1969: More – mehr – immer mehr (More)
 1969: Alexandria – Treibhaus der Sünde (Justine)
 1973: Der weite Weg nach Westen (Pioneer Woman) (TV-Film)
 1975: Einmal ist nicht genug (Once Is Not Enough)
 1976: Die Entführung des Lindbergh-Babys (The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case) (TV-Film)
 1978: Der Clan (The Betsy)
 1979: Good Luck, Miss Wyckoff
 1980: Der starke Wille (Resurrection)
 1981: The Bronx (Fort Apache, The Bronx)
 1982: Ein Piano für Mrs. Cimino (A Piano for Mrs. Cimino) (TV-Film)
 1984: Dollmaker – Ein Traum wird wahr (The Dollmaker) (TV-Film)
 1985: Die Kids von Orlando (The New Kids)

Auszeichnungen
Emmy
 1976: Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester Schnitt für Die Entführung des Lindbergh-Babys
 1977: Emmy in der Kategorie Bester Schnitt (zusammen mit Michael S. McLean) für Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years
 1982: Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester Schnitt für Ein Piano für Mrs. Cimino
 1984: Nominierung in der Kategorie Bester Schnitt für Dollmaker – Ein Traum wird wahr

American Cinema Editors
 1977: Nominierung für den Eddie Award (zusammen mit Michael S. McLean) für Sybil
 1978: Eddie Award (zusammen mit Michael S. McLean) für Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years
 1983: Eddie Award für Ein Piano für Mrs. Cimino
 1985: Nominierung für den Eddie Award für Dollmaker – Ein Traum wird wahr

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmeditor
Pseudonym
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1914
Gestorben 1998
Frau

Rita Roland


Nene Dorgeles, né le  à Kayes (Mali), est un footballeur international malien qui joue au poste d'attaquant au Red Bull Salzbourg.

Biographie

En club
Nene Dorgeles est formé par l'Académie Jean-Marc Guillou puis dans son pays natal, au Guidars FC, avant de rejoindre le Red Bull Salzbourg en .

Il est dans un premier temps intégré à l'équipe partenaire de Salzbourg, le FC Liefering, où il joue son premier match en professionnel, le  contre le SC Austria Lustenau, en championnat. Il est titularisé et son équipe l'emporte par trois buts à un. Il inscrit son premier but le  suivant, contre le SV Horn. Son équipe s'impose largement par six buts à deux ce jour-là. Le 19 novembre 2021, il se met en évidence en étant l'auteur d'un doublé sur la pelouse du SV Horn (victoire 2-3 à l'extérieur).

En , Nene Dorgeles est prêté au SV Ried. Le 19 février 2022, il inscrit ses deux premiers buts en Bundesliga, lors de la réception du WSG Tirol, permettant à son équipe de l'emporter 3-2.

À l'aube de la saison 2022-2023, le , il est prêté cette fois au KVC Westerlo pour une année sans option d'achat.

En équipe nationale
En , Nene Dorgeles est convoqué pour la première fois avec l'équipe nationale du Mali. Il honore sa première sélection contre la Tunisie le , en étant directement titularisé. Son équipe s'incline toutefois par un but à zéro ce jour-là.

Statistiques

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur international malien
Naissance en décembre 2002
Naissance à Kayes
Joueur du SV Ried
Joueur du KVC Westerlo

Nene Dorgeles


The London Conference was held in London, in the United Kingdom, in 1866. It was the third and final in a series of conferences that led to Canadian Confederation in 1867. Sixteen delegates from the Province of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick gathered to set out the final outline of the proposed Canadian Confederation, resulting in the British North America Act, 1867 (now the Constitution Act, 1867).

Upon the conclusion of the discussions by the delegates, the British government directed that a bill be drafted to implement the resolutions of the Conference.  Introduced in 1867, the British North America Act, 1867 was passed by both Houses of Parliament and then received royal assent from Queen Victoria on March 29, 1867.  It was proclaimed in force on July 1, 1867, creating the Dominion of Canada.

The Conference

The London Conference began on December 4, 1866. It was a continuation of the Quebec Conference held in 1864, which had produced the Quebec Resolutions.  The conference was held at the Westminster Palace Hotel, just across the street from the British Parliament buildings.  John A. Macdonald was the chairman of the conference.

Delegates
In 1866, the Province of Canada was composed of Canada East (now Quebec), and Canada West (now Ontario).  The Province of Canada sent a total of six delegates, but for the purposes of the Conference, they were treated as two separate delegations.

Canada East
Canada East sent three delegates:  George-Étienne Cartier, Alexander Tilloch Galt, and Hector-Louis Langevin.

Canada West
Canada West sent three delegates:  William Pearce Howland, John A. Macdonald, and William McDougall.

New Brunswick
New Brunswick sent five delegates:  Charles Fisher, John Mercer Johnson, Peter Mitchell, Samuel Leonard Tilley, and Robert Duncan Wilmot.

Nova Scotia
Nova Scotia sent five delegates:  Adams George Archibald, William Alexander Henry, Jonathan McCully, John William Ritchie, and Charles Tupper.

Major issues

Inter-colonial railway
One of the major issues when the Conference opened was the proposed Inter-Colonial Railway linking the Province of Canada to the Maritimes.  This issue was quickly resolved when Macdonald stated that the Province of Canada agreed that the obligation to build the railway should be included in the legislation.

Structure of the Senate
The composition of the proposed Senate continued to be a major issue, with a suggestion from the British government that the Senate be elected, not appointed.

Denominational schools
A major issue of contention was the education system, with Roman Catholic bishops lobbying for guarantees protecting the separate school system. This was opposed by delegates from the Maritimes, and the compromise reached was Section 93 of the act, which guaranteed separate school systems in Quebec and Ontario but not in Nova Scotia or New Brunswick.

See also
 Charlottetown Conference, 1864
 Quebec Conference, 1864
 Anti-Confederation Party

References

Further reading

External links
 Canadian Confederation: The London Conference, December 1866 - March 1867 at Library and Archives Canada

Canadian Confederation
Constitutional conventions (political meeting)
Diplomatic conferences in the United Kingdom
19th-century diplomatic conferences
1866 in international relations
1866 in Canada
Conferences in London
1866 conferences
1866 in London
December 1866 events
1860s political events
19th-century political conferences

London Conference of 1866


العباسية ، منطقة من مناطق محافظة الفروانية في الكويت. وهو اسم غير رسمي لجزء من منطقة جليب الشيوخ ، وهو منسوب لرجل الأعمال المعروف عباس حبيب المسيلم الرشيدي عضو المجلس التأسيسي حيث كانت المنطقة في الأساس قطعة أرض قسمها وباعها سنة 1965م.

أماكن مأهولة في الكويت

العباسية (الكويت)


La Diseuse de mal-espérance est une œuvre dramaturgique du béninois Florent Couao-Zotti, écrivain, auteur de romans, de nouvelles, de pièces de théâtre et de bandes dessinées. Le livre sort en 2001 aux éditions L'Harmattan et Ndze, et compte 88 pages. Il est inspiré du roman historique de Victor Hugo, Notre-Dame de Paris.

Résumé
La Diseuse de mal-espérance est une réflexion que l'auteur mène sur la spécificité de l'Afrique et sa tragédie, à travers son héroïne principale, Oulima, liseuse des lignes de la main. Dans cette pièce de théâtre, Oulima, belle, élégante, longiligne, fine est une femme à la beauté fatale qui la tête de tous les hommes. Du curée qui rêve de la posséder dans sa cathédrale à l'inspecteur de police chargé de l'arrêter, tous tombent sous son charme.

A propos de ce livre, l'auteur révèle:

Réception critique

Ce livre a fait l'objet de plusieurs études dont celle de Akimou Assani, universitaire au département des langues et de linguistique université de Jos au Nigeria. Dans son article intitulé   « Un homme, une société, un regard : Brève incursion dans l'univers romanesque de Florent Couao-Zotti », dans la Revue Ivoirienne de Langues Étrangères, n°2, 2012, l'auteur dit de cette pièce de théâtre, quelle est un hymne à l'amour de l'humain et une apologie de la beauté du cœur contre celle de l'apparence. Il y fait le rapprochement entre les personnages de Nôtre Dame de Paris de Victor Hugo et ceux de La Diseuse de mal-espérence. Il y montre par exemple la similitude entre Quasimodo et Modo. Dans le journal Le Temps, quotidien généraliste francophone de dimension nationale en Suisse, le même rapprochement entre les deux œuvres est fait.

Références

Articles connexes
 L'Homme dit fou et la Mauvaise Foi des hommes
 Florent Couao-Zotti
 Littérature béninoise

Roman béninois
Roman de langue française
Roman paru en 2001
Œuvre littéraire se déroulant au Bénin

La Diseuse de mal-espérance


Alain Marie Pascal Prost, (d. 24 Şubat 1955 Loire, Fransa) Fransız yarış pilotudur. 4 kez dünya şampiyonluğu alarak Formula 1'in en çok şampiyon olmuş 5 pilotu arasında yer alır.

Formula 1
Prost, 1985, 1986, 1989 ve 1993 yıllarında dünya şampiyonu oldu. Toplamda 199 F1 Grand Prix yarışına katılan Prost, 51 yarış galibiyeti, 798,5 şampiyona puanı kazandı. Aynı zamanda 41 en hızlı tur zamanına imza attı.

Renault
Kariyerinin ilk F1 Grand Prix birinciliğini 1981 yılında Dijon' da düzenlenen Fransa Grand Prix' nde yine bir Fransız takımı olan Renault ile kazandı.Renault ile geçirdiği üç tam sezonunda 8 galibiyet daha kazanan Prost, takım içerisindeki anlaşmazlıklar nedeniyle McLaren' e geçti.

McLaren
Takım ile geçirdiği 6 sezonda 30 F1 Grand Prix birinciliği ve 3 dünya şampiyonluğu kazandı.

1987 yılında 28. F1 Grand Prix galibiyetini kazanarak Jackie Stewart' ın rekorunu kırdı.

Scuderia Ferrari
1990 yılında takımla 5 yarış kazanarak yine şampiyonluğa aday oldu. Sezonun son yarışı Suzuka' da düzenlenen Japonya Grand Prix'inde yarışa başlangıç pozisyonunda Ayrton Senna vardı. Yarış başladığında Prost'un aracını Senna'nın aracının üzerine sürmesi sonucunda ikisi de yarış dışı kaldı. Senna yarıştan önceki puan avantajı sayesinde son dünya şampiyonluğunu elde etti.

1991 yılında Ferrari ile olan anlaşmazlıklarını halka açık bir şekilde dile getirmesi nedeniyle takım tarafından kovuldu.

Williams F1
1992 yılını yarışmadan geçiren Prost, 1993' te Williams takımına geçerek son dünya şampiyonluğunu kazandı. Aynı yıl emekliliğini açıklayarak sporu bıraktı. Alain Prost, Formula 1 tarihine en çok yarış ve puan kazanan pilot olarak geçti. Bu rekorlar daha sonra Michael Schumacher ve daha da sonra Lewis Hamilton tarafından kırıldı.

Prost Grand Prix
1997 yılında Ligier F1 takımını satın alarak adını Prost Grand Prix olarak değiştirdi. Ancak pistte gösterdiği başarıyı bir iş insanı olarak gösteremedi ve 2002 yılında takımını satarak Formula 1' den tamamen ayrıldı.

Kişisel
Alain Prost kariyeri boyunca çeşitli lakaplar ile anıldı: "Profesör", "Hesap Makinesi", "Rio Kralı" (Rio De Jenerio' da yapılan Brezilya Grand Prix'ini 5 kez kazandığı için) ve "Hızlı Çocuğu" (Niki Lauda tarafından söylenmişti)

Ayrıca bakınız
 Prost-Senna rekabeti

1955 doğumlular
Fransız Formula 1 pilotları
McLaren pilotları
Ermeni asıllı Fransızlar
Loire doğumlu sporcular
Ayrton Senna
Formula Renault pilotları
Porsche pilotları
Honda Racing Corporation yarışçıları
Ferrari pilotları
Williams pilotları
Yaşayan insanlar
Formula 1 Dünya Sürücüler Şampiyonları
Uluslararası Motor Sporları Onur Listesi üyeleri

Alain Prost


سلطنة الصبيحي هي إحدى «الكانتونات التسعة» التي وقعت اتفاقات حماية مع بريطانيا العظمى في أوائل القرن 19 وأصبحت جزءاً من محمية عدن البريطانية. أصبحت سلطنة الصبيحي جزء من الجمهورية اليمنية

مراجع

تأسيسات القرن 19 في اليمن
تاريخ اليمن
دول سابقة في الشرق الأوسط
دول يمنية بعد الإسلام
سلطنات سابقة
محمية عدن

سلطنة الصبيحي


An Dieffenbachia longispatha in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Adolf Engler ngan Kurt Krause. An Dieffenbachia longispatha in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dieffenbachia, ngan familia nga Araceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dieffenbachia

Dieffenbachia longispatha


Amir Waithe (Ciudad de Panamá, 27 de noviembre de 1989) es un futbolista  Profesional de nacionalidad Panameña, juega de delantero.

Selección nacional
Es internacional con la Selección de fútbol de Panamá, ha jugado 7 partidos internacionales y ha logrado anotar 2 tantos. Su debut se produjo en la victoria frente a Dominica de 5 a 0.

Participaciones en selección nacional

Goles internacionales

{| class="wikitable"
! Núm. !! Fecha !! Lugar !! Rival !! Gol !! Resultado !! Competición
|-
| 1 || rowspan="2" |8 de octubre de 2011 || rowspan="2" |Parque Windsor, Roseau, Dominica||rowspan="2" |  || 0-1 ||rowspan="2" | 0-5 ||rowspan="2" | Eliminatoria Mundial 2014
|-
| 2|| 0-5
|}

Clubes

Palmarés

Títulos nacionales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 .

Futbolistas de Panamá
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Panamá
Futbolistas del San Francisco Fútbol Club
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-23 de Panamá
Futbolistas de la Liga Deportiva Alajuelense
Futbolistas de la Asociación Deportiva Carmelita
Futbolistas del Tauro Fútbol Club
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Plaza Amador
Nacidos en Ciudad de Panamá

Amir Waithe


Mafalda Arnauth (* 4. Oktober 1974 in Lissabon) ist eine portugiesische Fado-Sängerin.

Werdegang

Bis 2005
Mafalda Arnauth studierte Tiermedizin in Lissabon und sang Fado in ihrer Freizeit. Nach und nach häuften sich ihre Auftritte in Fado-Lokalen und bei anderen Gelegenheiten. Ihre eigentliche Laufbahn als Sängerin begann 1995, als der Fadista João Braga sie zu einem seiner Konzerte im Teatro São Luiz in Lissabon einlud.

Ihr Debüt-Album nahm sie 1999 für die EMI/Valentim de Carvalho auf, produziert von João Gil. Sie überzeugte damit sowohl das Publikum (gute Verkaufszahlen) als auch die Kritik (Preis für die "beste neue Stimme" 1999 von der Musikzeitschrift BLITZ, Nominierung für den Globo de Ouro-Preis als "beste Interpretin" 2000 des Fernsehsenders SIC). Der Fado begann gerade, durch eine Vielzahl neuer Interpreten und Spielarten neue Attraktivität zu gewinnen, und Mafalda Arnauth war einer der neuen Namen, die diese einsetzende Entwicklung weiter trugen.

Das Nachfolgealbum 2001 wurde unter anderem von Amélia Muge produziert und zeitgleich in Portugal und den Niederlanden veröffentlicht. Mit Blick auf dieses Album, Esta Voz Que Me Atravessa, schreibt Andreas Dorschel: "sanftester Stimmgebung fähig, balaciert sie [Mafalda Arnauth] diese traumwandlerisch mit Momenten einer Rauheit aus, die an die legendäre Herkunft des Fado aus der Halb- und Unterwelt gemahnt".

Nach Esta Voz Que Me Atravessa wurde Mafalda Arnauth die erste portugiesische Musikerin, die von Virgin Records international vertreten wird. 2003 schrieb sie einen Fado für den Film Os Imortais von Regisseur António-Pedro Vasconcelos, und trat auch in einer Szene kurz damit auf. Auf die Veröffentlichung ihres dritten Albums 2003 hin häuften sich Mafalda Arnauths Konzerte in Portugal und dem europäischen Ausland; auch in der Türkei und in Macau trat sie auf. Ihre Auftritte in der Londoner Royal Albert Hall und im Concertgebouw (Amsterdam) vor 2400 Menschen hinterließen bei ihr in dieser Phase nach eigener Aussage am meisten Eindruck.

2005 verließ sie die EMI/Valentim de Carvalho, bei der noch eine Best Of-Zusammenstellung erschien.

Ab 2005
In ihr nächstes Album ("Diário", "Tagebuch") brachte Mafalda Arnauth nach eigenen Angaben ihre bisherigen Erfahrung, aber auch Einflüsse von Amália, Bethânia, Aznavour, Piazzolla und anderen ein. Sie wandte sich hier weiter vom dunklen, mystischen Bild des Fado ab.

2006 tourte sie durch die Benelux-Staaten, um das dort erscheinende "Diário" vorzustellen. Sie trat aber auch auf dem Iberoamerika-Gipfel in Uruguay und in Costa Rica auf, in Angola und einem vollen Centro Cultural de Belém. 2007 erschien "Diário" in Frankreich und Spanien, wieder begleitet von ausgiebigen Konzertreisen, unter anderem durch die Cité de la musique in Paris.

Unter dem Namen "Flor do Fado" ("Fadoblume") entwickelte sie ein Konzertprogramm, das sie erstmals bis nach Mexiko und in das heimische Teatro da Trindade brachte. 2008 nahm sie ein passendes Album dazu auf.

Sie nahm nun an anderen, sehr verschieden ausgerichteten Projekten teil. So stellte sie die Titelmelodie für eine Telenovela (der Neuverfilmung der ersten portugiesischen Telenovela "Vila Faia"), nahm die Einladung von Kepa Junkera zu einem Projekt traditioneller baskischer Lieder an, und trat in der Bar Barretto in São Paulo auf. Sie sang zusammen mit Pablo Milanés sein Para Vivir auf einem spanischen Benefizkonzert und arbeitete sowohl live als auch im Studio mit der galicischen Folkband Milladoiro zusammen.

2009 veröffentlichte sie "Flor do fado" auch in Italien und in Frankreich, wo sie es im Les Trois Baudets vorstellte. Im gleichen Jahr realisierte sie zusammen mit den Sängerinnen Susana Félix, Viviane und Luanda Cozetti das Tribut-Projekt für den verstorbenen Lyriker und Fado-Texter Ary dos Santos, "Rua da Saudade", wobei Lieder hier in zeitgemäßem, Popmusik-angelehntem Sound neu interpretiert wurden.

2010 gab sie ein Konzert von Klassikern und Standards in den Burgmauern des Castelo de São Jorge oberhalb der traditionellen Viertel Lissabons. Auf ihren anschließenden Konzerten sang sie unter anderem auf dem HFA-Festival in Simbabwe und dem Coliseu dos Recreios in Lissabon. Sie bereitete dabei mit ihrer Liederauswahl auch das neue Album vor. "Fadas" ("Feen") erschien noch 2010 bei Polygram/Universal und beschäftigte sich mit dem Wirken bedeutender Frauen im Fado, neben einer Version eines Piazzollas-Stückes mit Text von Eládia Blásquez.

Diskografie

Studioalben

Weitere Alben
 1999: Mafalda Arnauth
 2001: Esta voz que me atravessa
 2005: Talvez se Chame Saudade – Best Of
 2009: Rua da Saudade (als eine von 4 Sängerinnen im Tribut-Projekt für Ary dos Santos)
 2013: Terra da Luz

Weblinks
 Offizielle Webseite (engl. und port.)
 Umfangreiche Sammlung von Artikeln und Interviews (port.)
 Mafalda Arnauth bei Discogs

Einzelnachweise

Musiker (Portugal)
Fadosänger
Person (Lissabon)
Portugiese
Geboren 1974
Frau
Tierarzt

Mafalda Arnauth


14425 Fujimimachi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
14425 Fujimimachi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Nyukasa de Masanori Hirasawa și Shohei Suzuki. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,18 ua, o excentricitate de 0,23 și o înclinație de 5,8° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 14001-15000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1991
Centura de asteroizi

14425 Fujimimachi


Cheadle es una parroquia civil y una villa del distrito de Staffordshire Moorlands, en el condado de Staffordshire (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Cheadle tiene una superficie de 24,83 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Cheadle tenía 12 166 habitantes (49,01% varones, 50,99% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 489,97 hab/km². El 20,02% eran menores de 16 años, el 71,85% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 8,13% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 39,73 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 23,51% estaban solteros, el 59,77% casados, y el 16,71% divorciados o viudos.

El 98,54% de los habitantes eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 0,63% de la población, mientras que el 0,83% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. Según su grupo étnico, el 99,2% eran blancos, el 0,38% mestizos, el 0,24% asiáticos, el 0,07% negros, y el 0,09% chinos. El cristianismo era profesado por el 85,91%, el budismo por el 0,09%, el hinduismo por el 0,02%, el judaísmo por el 0,02%, el islam por el 0,07%, y cualquier otra religión, salvo el sijismo, por el 0,15%. El 7,14% no eran religiosos y el 6,59% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

Había 4889 hogares con residentes, 191 vacíos, y 7 eran alojamientos vacacionales o segundas residencias.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Staffordshire
Parroquias civiles de Staffordshire

Cheadle (Staffordshire)


Surprise Surprise is a British light entertainment television programme for ITV that originally ran from 6 May 1984 to 26 December 2001 with Cilla Black as the host. The show returned from 21 October 2012 to 26 July 2015 and was hosted by Holly Willoughby.

Format
The show was hosted by Cilla Black, and filmed in front of a studio audience. Its premise involved surprising members of the public with long-held wishes, setting up tricks to fool members of the public, making prank calls to people and reuniting guests with long-lost loved ones. Black was assisted for eight series by Bob Carolgees, famous for his glove puppetry act Spit the Dog, while Gordon Burns and Tessa Sanderson were roving reporters. Other featured acts were "Cilla-grams," where Black would perform a song in a musical sketch relevant to the surprise a person was receiving. (Example: a soldier was celebrating his 21st birthday, so the featuring song Black sang was "Celebration" by Kool & The Gang.)

The concept of the first series had been to film surprising and often unusual moments similar to those previously seen on Game for a Laugh, but the format was not successful. However, the final item in the last episode of the first series featured a successful surprise reunion, which led executive producer Alan Boyd to change the format slightly so that all items in subsequent series involved surprises, rather than just being surprising. Although including many pre-filmed inserts, the first series and some early episodes of the second series were televised live in their entirety, but thereafter all episodes were pre-recorded.

From 1984 to 1988, the show was broadcast on Sunday evenings. From 1989 to 1992, the show moved to Fridays, before returning to the Sunday evening timeslot from 1993 to 1996. The final series of the original run in 1997 was broadcast on Friday evenings. Between 1998 and 2001, a one-off special episode was produced per year which aired on Mother's Day from 1998 until 2000, and then at Christmas for 2001.

Over the years, the show had many special guests, some of whom appeared live, including Neil Diamond. Many variety acts were also featured on the show. The Spice Girls made their live debut on an episode in 1996.

Revival
In March 2012, it was announced that Holly Willoughby would host a revamped one-off episode of Surprise Surprise for ITV, although a full series was later announced. The series had six hour-long episodes, with episode 1 airing on 21 October 2012. A second series followed this in 2013, a third in 2014 and a fourth in 2015.

In the show, Willoughby is joined by various locations reporters, these have included Marvin Humes, Mark Wright, Dave Berry, Peter Andre and Matt Johnson.

In one 2013 episode, Cilla Black made a surprise appearance on the show, singing a bit of the original theme as the show went to commercials (after Holly made the comment that the producers just wouldn't let her sing the song).

A previously unbroadcast episode of the show which was hosted by Black and featured appearances from Irish band Westlife and singer Gareth Gates, which was originally produced in 2003 to celebrate the series' 20th anniversary, was broadcast on ITV3 on 27 December 2015, four months after Black's death. It wasn't broadcast in 2003 due to Black's departure from ITV that year.

Theme songs
Cilla Black introduced and closed each show by singing a theme song. The theme song from series one to eight was written by Kate Robbins and was often imitated by Black impersonators, beginning "The more the world is changing, the more it stays the same...". The track was included on Black's 1985 album Surprisingly Cilla, and as a single through Towerbell Records. A new song was written from series nine until the show's conclusion in 2001, and the 2003 birthday special: "Reaching out, holding hands, reliving memories... Life is full, full of surprises...And the nicest surprise in my life is you!"

Around 2022, the song enjoyed a modest resurgence on the social media app TikTok.

The revived series updated its theme for 2013. This theme uses a remixed instrumental version of the chorus from Black's original song "Surprise, Surprise".

Transmissions

Series
Original

Revival

Specials
Original

Revival

Awards

International versions

Notes

References

External links
Official Twitter page
Surprise Surprise at itv.com

1984 British television series debuts
2015 British television series endings
1990s British television series
2000s British television series
British reality television series
British television shows featuring puppetry
Cilla Black
ITV (TV network) original programming
London Weekend Television shows
Television series by ITV Studios
British television series revived after cancellation
English-language television shows

Surprise Surprise (British TV series)


Comandamentul III Teritorial a fost o structură militară de tip teritorial cu misiuni de asigurare a mobilizării și de generare a forțelor de rezervă pentru unitățile din compunerea Corpului III Armată. Comandamentul avea în subordine cercurile de recrutare: Ploiești, Mizil, Buzău, Râmnicu Sărat, Focșani, Tecuci, Galați și Bârlad. La mobilizare și pe toată perioada războiului, comandamentul trebuia să asigure completarea efectivelor unităților active din  Diviziei 5 Infanterie, Diviziei 6 Infanterie  și Diviziei 13 Infanterie. Totodată, comandamentul înființa la război următoarele unități de rezervă:  Regimentul 47 Infanterie,  Regimentul 72 Infanterie,  Regimentul 48 Infanterie,  Regimentul 49 Infanterie,  Regimentul 50 Infanterie,  Regimentul 64 Infanterie,  Regimentul 51 Infanterie,  Regimentul 52 Infanterie și  Regimentul 23 Artilerie.

La decretarea mobilizării din 14/27 august 1916, comandantul comandamentului, generalul de brigadă Alexandru Socec a fost mutat comandant al Diviziei 13 Infanterie iar în funcția de comandant al Comandamentului III Teritorial a fost numit generalul de divizie (rz.) Constantin Cica. În subordinea sa au intrat nou înființatele Comandamente Teritoriale ale Diviziilor 5 și 6 Infanterie, comandate de generalii de brigadă (rz.) Benone Anastasiu și Constantin Orezeanu.

În anul 1917 la comanda comandamentului s-a aflat generalul de divizie Constantin Tănăsescu, iar Comandamentele Teritoriale ale Diviziilor 5 și 6 Infanterie au fost comandate de generalul de brigadă (rz.) Claudian Floru Ionescu și generalul de brigadă Constantin Teodorescu.

Note

Bibliografie
  ***, România în războiul mondial 1916-1919, vol I-IV, Monitorul Oficial și Imprimeriile Statului, București, 1934-1941
 ***, Marele Cartier General al Armatei României. Documente 1916 – 1920, Editura Machiavelli, București, 1996
 ***, Istoria militară a poporului român'', vol. V, Editura Militară, București, 1989

Vezi și
Participarea României la Primul Război Mondial
Corpul III Armată

Unități militare române din Primul Război Mondial

Comandamentul III Teritorial (1916-1918)


Ali al-Husayni al-Sistani (; ; born 4 August 1930), is a Twelver Shia Iranian–Iraqi Grand Ayatollah and marja'. One of the most senior scholars in Shia Islam, he has been described  as the spiritual leader of Shia Muslims worldwide (as of 2003), "the undisputed leader of Iraq's Shias", included in top positions  of "The Muslim 500: The World's Most Influential Muslims", from 2009 to 2023, and  named one of the 100 most influential people in the world by Time magazine in 2004 and 2005.

Biography

Early life
Sistani was born in either 1929 or 1930 in Mashhad, to a family of religious clerics who claim descent from Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of Muhammad. His father was Mohammad-Baqir al-Sistani and his mother was the daughter of Ridha al-Mehrebani al-Sarabi.

Sistani began his religious education as a child, first in Mashhad in his father's hawzah, and continuing later in Qom. In Qom he studied under Grand Ayatollah Hossein Borujerdi. Later in 1951, Sistani traveled to Iraq to study in Najaf under Grand Ayatollah Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei. Sistani rose to the rank of mujtahid in 1960 at thirty-one.

Grand Ayatollah

When Ayatollah Khoei died in 1992, Abd al-A'la al-Sabziwari briefly became the leading marja'. However, when he died in 1993, al-Sistani ascended to the rank of Grand Ayatollah through formal peer recognition of his scholarship. His role as successor to Khoei was symbolically cemented when he led funeral prayers for Khoei, and he also inherited most of Khoei's network and following.

Baath Party
During the years of Saddam Hussein's rule of Iraq through the Arab nationalist and Sunni dominated Baath Party, al-Sistani was untouched during the violent Baathist repression and persecution that killed many clerics including Mohammad al-Sadr in 1999, for which Saddam denied any involvement. Al-Sistani's mosque was forcefully shut down in 1994 and did not reopen until the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq.

Role in contemporary Iraq
Since the overthrow of the Baath Party of Iraq in 2003, Sistani has played an increasingly prominent role in regional religious and political affairs and he has been called the "most influential" figure in post-invasion Iraq.

Shortly after the US invasion began, Sistani issued a fatwa advising Shia clergy to become engaged in politics to better guide the Iraqi people toward "clearer decisions" and to fight "media propaganda." As the summer of 2003 approached, Sistani and his followers began petitioning the occupying forces for a constitutional convention. Later, Sistani called for a democratic vote of the people to form a transitional government. Observers described the move as being a path leading directly to Shia political dominance over Iraq's government, as Shia Muslims make up approximately 65% of the total Iraqi population. Subsequently, Sistani criticized plans for an Iraqi government for not being democratic enough.

In early August 2004, Sistani experienced serious health complications related to a previously diagnosed heart condition. He traveled to London to receive medical treatment. It was, reportedly, the first time that Sistani had left Iraq in decades, and may have been due, in part, to growing concerns for his safety from sectarian violence. Though still recovering, Sistani returned later in the month to broker a military truce at the Imam Ali Mosque in Najaf where Muqtada al-Sadr and the Mahdi Army had been cornered by American and Iraqi forces. Sadr, who rose rapidly to prominence through a series of independent military actions beginning in 2004, has since actively challenged Sistani's more progressive influence over Shia in the region.

Sistani's edicts reportedly provided many Iraqi Shia cause for participating in the January 2005 elections—he urged, in a statement on October 1, 2004, that Iraqis recognize the election as an "important matter," additionally, Sistani asked that the elections be "free and fair ... with the participation of all Iraqis." Soon after, al-Sistani issued a fatwa alerting Shia women that they were religiously obligated to participate in the election, even if their husbands had forbidden them from voting. In an issued statement Sistani remarked that "truly, women who go forth to the polling centers on election day are like Zaynab, who went forth to Karbala."

He has consistently urged the Iraqi Shia not to respond in kind to attacks from Sunni Salafists, which have become common in Sunni-dominated regions of Iraq like the area known as the "Triangle of Death," south of Baghdad. Even after the destruction of the Shia Al-Askari Mosque in Samarra in February 2006, his network of clerics and preachers continued to urge calm and told their followers that "it was not their Sunni neighbors who were killing them but foreign Wahhabis." Sistani's call for unity after the bombing of the mosque helped to control a potentially dangerous situation, preventing the country from entering in a bloody sectarian war. Sistani did the same when the same mosque was bombed again in 2007.

An alleged plot to assassinate Sistani was foiled on January 29, 2007, when three Jund al-Samaa gunmen were captured at a hotel near his office. It is believed to have been part of a larger attack against several targets in Najaf.

In an online open poll 2005, Ali al-Sistani was selected as the 30th topmost intellectual person in the world on the list of Top 100 Public Intellectuals by Prospect (UK) and Foreign Policy (US).

On 13 June 2014, Sistani appealed that Iraqis should support the government against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant militant group, which had taken over Mosul and Tikrit and was threatening Baghdad. Later in June 2014, Sistani revised his statement and issued a fatwa calling for "citizens to defend the country, its people, the honor of its citizens, and its sacred places," against the ISIL.

Sistani said the Iraqi government and police were liable for killing protestors during the 2019–2021 Iraqi protests. He requested that the government prosecute those who gave the command to shoot protesters. The ayatollah rarely voices his opinion on politics except in extreme unrest. The protests have been described as Iraq's worst violence since ISIL was militarily defeated in 2017. A month later in November 2019, in response to the death of three Iraqi protesters, Sistani said "No person or group, no side with a particular view, no regional or international actor may seize the will of the Iraqi people and impose its will on them."

Shia patronage
As the leading cleric in Najaf, Sistani oversees sums amounting to millions of US dollars. His followers offer him a fixed part of their earnings (khums), which is used for educational and charitable purposes. Sistani's office has reported that it supports 35,000 students in Qom, 10,000 in Mashhad, and 4,000 in Isfahan. It also oversees a network of representatives (wakil) "who promote his views in large and small ways in neighborhoods, mosques, bazaars, and seminaries from Kirkuk to Basra."

In Iran, due to the post-invasion opening of the Iraqi cities of Najaf and Karbala to Iranians, many Iranians are said to return from pilgrimage in Iraq as supporters of Sistani.

Ayatollah Sistani sent nearly 1,000 aid packages, mostly food, but also other basic needs, to Balkhab, Afghanistan during the Balkhab uprising to help out the displaced Hazaras.

Religious and political views

According to scholar Vali Nasr, Al-Sistani, like his mentor Al-Khoei,  sees Islamic scholars "mainly as teachers and defenders of the faith". In government he saw the "role of Islam as providing values and guidelines for social order" rather than rule.

He "was not shy" in confronting US occupation authorities about issues such as who had the authority to write Iraq's new constitution and kept them at arm's length, but also avoided "Khomeini-style  denunciations" of the United States as the 'Great Satan'. His supporters' demonstrations were "impressively large but peaceful". He opposes both secularism and Shi'i sectarianism.

For Iraq, he "put forth a simple model of government" based "on the principle of majority rule … accountable and representative government that would reflect and protect Shia identity".

At the same time he is conservative in matters of religious law, "unaffected" by the ideas of "modernism".

Though his differences with Iraq's larger and more powerful neighbor the Islamic Republic of Iran and their theory of Velayat-e-faqih are "profound", Sistani has avoided "entanglements" with them and with the rivalries of Iranian politics, politics and clerics in Lebanon,  and "never tried to promote a rivalry" between his religious center of Najaf and the Iranian center in Qom, a reflection, Nasr believes, of Sistani's reluctance to become involved in politics.

In October 2023, during the Israel–Hamas war, Al-Sistani condemned Israel; and called on the world to stand up to the "terrible brutality" in besieged Gaza.

Guardianship of Islamic Jurists (Wilayat al-Faqih)
Perhaps because of his great influence, what exactly the position of Al-Sistani is on Ayatollah Khomeini's  theory of rule of the Islamic jurist is disputed.

A number of sources include him as opposing the concept. Al-Monitor news service lists him as one of the  "four leading Marja' of Najaf (Bashir al-Najafi, Muhammad al-Fayadh, Muhammad Saeed al-Hakim being the others) who oppose Ruhollah Khomeini's concept" of rule by Islamic jurisprudent.  Researcher Hayder Al-Khoei writes that pro-Islamic Republic of Iran propagandists have gone to the trouble of publishing books with fabricated quotes by Sisani in favor of rule by jurists as one of their "propaganda campaigns" in Najaf, to obscure the fact that "al-Sistani, like the vast majority of Shia clerics based in the city of Najaf, is well-known for his opposition to Wilayat al-Faqih".

Journalist Ali Muhammad quotes political analyst Abdul Wahhab al-Hussaini concerning Khomeini's follower and successor Ali Khamenei:

Vali Nasr calls his differences with ruling clerics in Iran "profound", and his model of government based on majority rule. Ali Mamouri Medi Khalaji talks of him "explicitly" referring to "velayat-e insan (state guardianship by the people), as opposed to velayat-e faqih (guardianship of the jurist)".

But according to the pro-Khomeini organization Ahl-ul-bayt Islamic Mission, there has been a "West-based campaign" to manipulate "Shi'i public opinion" concerning the "character of Sayed 'Ali al-Sistāni and jurists of the Najaf seminary" and to claim the "existence of a quietist and apolitical tradition of Shi'ism among the jurists".

An archived question and answer from his website has this to say on the subject:

On the specific question of obedience to a supreme leader, according to "Ayatollah Watch", Sistani has said that any pronouncement given by a supreme leader "supersedes all (including those given by other Maraji') unless the pronouncements are proven to be wrong or the pronouncements are proven to be against what is in the Qur'an or in Religious Tradition".

Yet another interpretation of his statements comes from Sadegh Zibakalam, who states that al-Sistani has consistently avoided supporting a strict interpretation of the theory of velayat-e faqih, especially of absolute guardianship, and has not explicitly offered any substantive affirmation of the theory as a whole (including limited guardianship); thereby creating "a major lacuna" in the "grand ideological scenario" of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Criticism and controversy

Al Jazeera
In May 2007, hundreds of Shias demonstrated publicly in Basra and Najaf to protest comments made by television presenter and journalist Ahmed Mansour during a Qatari broadcast of Al Jazeera television programming. While presenting, Bela Hodod (a.k.a. Without Borders), Mansour voiced skepticism of al-Sistani's leadership credentials while directing questions about the Iraqi-born cleric, to his guest, Shia cleric Jawad al-Khalsi. Mansour also suggested that al-Sistani was unaware of contemporary problems in Iraq or of prevailing post-war conditions, and he alleged that Sistani's edicts were largely, written and disseminated by aides. At another point, Mansour asked Khalsi whether the United States was using Iraqi politicians, and also al-Sistani, to promote Western interests in Iraq.

Saudi scholar
In January 2010, during a Jumu'ah khutba (Friday sermon), Saudi scholar Mohamad al-Arefe vehemently criticized al-Sistani by referring to him as an atheist and describing his behavior as "debauched". The remarks prompted a protest by his followers in Iraq, Qom and Lebanon. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki rebuked the Saudi religious authorities. Lebanon-based Islamist militant organization Hezbollah also condemned the attack on al-Sistani, calling the speech "inauspicious," while praising al-Sistani as one of Shia Islam's "most prominent religious references."

Internet
By working with Shia computer programmers and other specialists, al-Sistani sponsored the establishment of The Ahlulbayt Global Information Center, an international web resource, and he has since been called "the electronic grand ayatollah par excellence."

Cyber attacks
On 18 September 2008, hackers attacked hundreds of Shia websites. The attacks were reportedly the work of a Muslim faction known as group-xp, based in the Arabian peninsula and linked to Salafi and Wahhabi movements. They attacked an estimated three hundred Shia internet websites, including The Ahlulbayt (a.s.) Global Information Center. It was later dubbed the "largest Wahhabi hacker attack" in recent years.

After the attack, visitors to the site were greeted by a red attack banner bearing the slogan "group-xp" paired with a message in Arabic denouncing Shia beliefs and officials. Hackers also replaced a video of Sistani with one of comedian Bill Maher mocking Sistani.

However, the attack led to the retaliatory hacking of more than nine hundred Wahhabi and Salafi websites. One such successful attack was documented on video and uploaded to YouTube on 3 October 2008. The hacker, a Shia from the United Arab Emirates using the handle "ShiaZone", was shown logging into email accounts of suspected members of group-xp. The hacked email accounts reportedly yielded group-xp's contact information, information that was subsequently posted on Shia websites.

Public appearances
al-Sistani has notoriously avoided public appearances, despite his widespread fame and not shying away from attention. In practice, al-Sistani never delivers public sermons or speeches and only releases official statements through "official representatives". The statements are later transcribed and posted on Sistani's official webpage, with the Grand Ayatollah's official stamp, indicating the authenticity of the remarks. Though al-Sistani has appeared in a few short videos, he does not say anything in these videos and is usually motionless. The only public recording of Sistani's voice is a short, Persian-language lecture by al-Sistani to students. Another video depicts al-Sistani in the back of a room conversing with a fellow cleric, again in Persian, and faintly captures sparse bits of Sistani's vocalizations.

Sheikh Abdul-Mahdi Al-Karbalai is Sistani's foremost representative and gives speeches in Sistani's stead. Abdul-Mahdi Al-Karbalai is noted for having announced Sistani's famous fatwa (edict) obligating Iraqis to vote, and with the rise of terrorism, to join the military to oppose ISIS.

Meeting with Pope Francis
Pope Francis and Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani met on 6 March 2021 during Pope Francis's visit to Iraq. They met for about 40 minutes in the Shiite cleric's home in Najaf. The visit was prepared with great care to details, including how many meters the Pope would walk to al-Sistani's home and where the two would sit.

Personal life
Al-Sistani is married to the daughter of Muhammad-Hassan al-Shirazi (d. 1972), the grandson of Mirza Shirazi. He has two sons, Muhammad-Ridha and Muhammad-Baqir.

Works

Works translated into English
 Current Legal Issues
 A Code of practice for Muslims in the West
 Hajj Rituals
 Islamic Laws
 Jurisprudence Made Easy
 Contemporary Legal Rulings in Shia Law

Not translated into English
His office states that thirty-two other works exist, but have not been translated into English.

See also

Muhammad Kazim Khurasani
Mirza Husayn Tehrani
Abdallah Mazandarani
Mirza Ali Aqa Tabrizi
Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai
Seyyed Abdollah Behbahani

References

Citations

Bibliography
 Nasr, Vali, The Shia Revival : How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future, W.W. Norton, (2006),

External links

 Official Website (English, French, Urdu, فارسي, Türkçe, عربي)

1930 births
Living people
People from Mashhad
Iranian Shia clerics
Iranian emigrants to Iraq
Iraqi grand ayatollahs
Islamic democracy activists
20th-century Iranian people
20th-century Iraqi people
20th-century Islamic religious leaders
21st-century Iranian people
21st-century Iraqi people
21st-century Islamic religious leaders
Shia Islamists

Ali al-Sistani


The ballata (plural: ballate) is an Italian poetic and musical form in use from the late 13th to the 15th century. It has the musical form AbbaA, with the first and last stanzas having the same texts.  It is thus most similar to the French musical 'forme fixe' virelai (and not the ballade as the name might otherwise suggest).  The first and last "A" is called a ripresa, the "b" lines are piedi (feet), while the fourth line is called a "volta".  Longer ballate may be found in the form AbbaAbbaA, etc.
Unlike the virelai, the two "b" lines usually have exactly the same music and only in later ballate pick up the (formerly distinctly French) first and second (open and close) endings.  The term comes from the verb ballare, to dance, and the form certainly began as dance music.

The ballata was one of the most prominent secular musical forms during the trecento, the period often known as the Italian ars nova.  Ballate are sung at the end of each day of Boccaccio's Decameron (only one musical setting of these poems, by Lorenzo da Firenze, survives).  Early ballate, such as those found in the Rossi Codex are monophonic.  Later, ballate are found for two or three voices.  The most notable composer of ballate is Francesco Landini, who composed in the second half of the 14th century.  Other composers of ballata include Andrea da Firenze, a contemporary of Francesco Landini, as well as Bartolino da Padova, Johannes Ciconia, Prepositus Brixiensis and Zacara da Teramo.  In the 15th century both Arnold de Lantins and Guillaume Dufay wrote ballate; they were among the last to do so.

See also
 Ballo

References

Medieval music genres
Italian music history
Western medieval lyric forms

Ballata


O Club Universitario de Deportes em 2016, participou de duas competições: Campeonato Peruano e Copa Sul-Americana.

Elenco

Competições

Campeonato Peruano

Torneo Apertura

Torneo Clausura

Fase 3
O Universitario terminou na primeira posição e conseguiu se classificar para as semifinais do campeonato peruano e também para a Copa Libertadores.

Semifinais
Melgar se classificou para a final do torneio ao empatar em casa em 2 a 2 com Universitario, já que havia vencido por 2 a 1 no jogo de ida. O resultado foi 2 a 2 e assim o Melgar se classificou para a final e a fase de grupos da Copa Libertadores. Universitario teve que disputar o terceiro lugar contra o Deportivo Municipal.

Terceiro lugar
O Universitario derrotou o Deportivo Municipal e ficou em terceiro lugar no campeonato peruano. Vale destacar que ambos os clubes se classificaram para a Copa Libertadores.

Copa Sul-Americana

Primeira fase

Temporadas do Club Universitario de Deportes
Temporadas 2016 de clubes de futebol

Temporada do Club Universitario de Deportes de 2016


"La det swinge" ("Las-o să se legene") este un cântec interpretat de către  duetul norvegian Bobbysocks. A câștigat Concursul Muzical Eurovision 1985, fiind prima victorie a Norvegiei la acest concurs.

Compoziția și producția
Cântecul este un tribut adus dansului pe muzica rock 'n' roll veche de la radio. Potrivindu-se subiectului, cântecul însuși este scris într-un stil de modă veche, cu o melodie de saxofon la începutul cântecului. Aranjamentul muzical este în stil vechi, având elemente din anii 1980 și 1950.

Background

Cântecul a câștigat Melodi Grand Prix 1985 și, prin urmare, a fost ales pentru a reprezenta Norvegia la ediția din 1985 a Concursului Muzical Eurovision. Pentru interpretare, cele două cântărețe au apărut în jachete violete lucitoare, purtate deasupra unor haine albe și negre. Krogh a purtat o rochie dungată cu alb și negru lungă până la podea.

La Eurovision a fost al treisprezecelea cântec interpretat în acea noapte, urmând piesei Italiei, "Magic Oh Magic", interpretată de Al Bano și Romina Power. După Norvegia s-a interpretat piesa Regatului Unit, "Love Is", interpretată de Vikki Watson. La sfârșitul votării "La det swinge" avea 129 de puncte, astfel aflându-se pe locul 1 din 19.

Urmând victoria lor, single-ul "La det swinge" a ajuns pe locul 1 în clasamentele de single-uri din Norvegia și Belgia. S-a aflat, de asemenea, în clasamentele din Danemarca, Suedia, Elveția, Austria, Irlanda, Regatul Unit, printre altele.

Track listing
"Let it Swing" – 2:50
"La det swinge" – 2:50

Detalii despre clasamente

Cover-uri
Ingela "Pling" Forsman a scris o versiune în suedeză "Låt det svänga", care a fost înregistrată de către artiști și grupuri precum Stefan Borsch, Ingmar Nordströms și Jan Welander, toate în 1985.
Trupa suedeză de heavy metal "Black Ingvars" a făcut un cover al cântecului care a apărut pe albumul lor din 1998, "Schlager Metal".

Note

Legături externe
"Let It Swing/La det swinge" at the Austrian singles chart
"Let It Swing/La det swinge" at the Norwegian singles chart
"Let It Swing/La det swinge" at the Swiss singles chart
"La det swinge" at the Swedish singles chart

Cântece la Concursul Muzical Eurovision 1985

La det swinge