Electrical wiring in North America follows the regulations and standards applicable at the installation location. It is also designed to provide proper function, and is also influenced by history and traditions of the location installation.

The US National Electrical Code is applicable to many areas in the US where state, county or local authorities have adopted it. For electrical wiring in Canada, the Canadian Electrical Code is a very similar standard published in Canada by the Canadian Standards Association.

Terminology
Although much of the electrician's field terminology matches that of the electrical codes, usages can vary:
 Neutral wire is the return conductor of a circuit; in building wiring systems, the neutral wire is connected to earth ground at only one point. North American standards state that the neutral is neither switched nor fused except in very narrowly defined circumstances. The neutral is connected to the center tap of the power company transformer of a split-phase system, or the center of the wye connection of a polyphase power system.
United States electrical codes require that the neutral be connected to earth at the "service panel" only and at no other point within the building wiring system. Formally, the neutral is called the "grounded conductor"; as of the 2008 NEC, the terms "neutral conductor" and "neutral point" have been defined in the Code to conform to what had been common usage.
 Hot is any line or neutral conductor (wire or otherwise) connected with an electrical system that has electric potential relative to electrical ground or line to neutral.
 Ground is a safety conductor with a low impedance path to earth. It is often called the "ground wire," or safety ground. It is either bare or has green insulation.
 Leg as in "hot leg" refers to one of multiple hot conductors in an electrical system. The most common residential and small commercial service in Canada and the U.S., single split-phase, 240 V, features a neutral and two hot legs, 240 V to each other, and 120 V each to the neutral. The most common three-phase system will have three hot legs, 208 V to each other and 120 V each to the neutral. An older, but still widely used high-leg delta system uses three phases with 240 volts phase-to-phase for motor loads, and 120 volts for lighting loads by use of a center-tapped transformer; two of the phases are 120 volts to neutral. The third phase, the "high leg" of the system (also referred to as the "wild leg"), has 208 V to neutral and is not usually used for single-phase connections, so is distinctively colored. For larger commercial installations, 277/480 V or 347/600 V three phase is common.
An outlet is defined by the NEC as "a point in the wiring system at which current is taken to utilization equipment". This definition includes receptacles, lighting, motors, etc. Ordinary switches control but do not consume electricity, and therefore are not defined as outlets in this sense.

Electrical codes and standards
The National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies minimum acceptable wiring methods and materials for many states and municipalities in the U.S. It is sponsored by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and has been periodically revised since 1897. Local jurisdictions usually adopt the NEC or another published code and then distribute documents describing how local codes vary from the published codes.  Governments cannot distribute the NEC itself for copyright reasons, though parts that have been adopted into law are not subject to copyright.

The purpose of the NEC is to protect persons and property from hazards arising from the use of electricity.  The NEC is not any jurisdiction's electrical code per se; rather, it is an influential work of standards that local legislators (e.g., city council members, state legislators, etc. as appropriate) tend to use as a guide when enacting local electrical codes. The NFPA states that excerpts quoted from the National Electrical Code must have a disclaimer indicating that the excerpt is not the complete and authoritative position of the NFPA and that the original NEC document must be consulted as the definitive reference.

New construction, additions or major modifications must follow the relevant code for that jurisdiction, which is not necessarily the latest version of the NEC. Regulations in each jurisdiction will indicate when a change to an existing installation is so great that it must then be rebuilt to comply with the current electrical code. Generally existing installations are not required to be changed to meet new codes.

Other code requirements vary by jurisdiction in the United States. In many areas, a homeowner, for example, can perform household wiring for a building which the owner occupies; this may even be complete wiring of a home. A few cities have more restrictive rules and require electrical installations to be done by licensed electricians. The work will be inspected by a designated authority at several stages before permission is obtained to energize the wiring from the local electric utility; the inspector may be an employee of the state or city, or an employee of an electrical supply utility.

For electrical wiring in Canada, the Canadian Electrical Code is a very similar standard published in Canada by the Canadian Standards Association since 1927.

Design and installation conventions
For residential wiring, some basic rules given in the NEC are:

Terminals for the neutral (grounded) conductor in general, and for receptacles, plugs, and connectors specifically, are required to be substantially white in color [NEC 200.9, NEC 200.10 (B)], and if the terminal itself is not visible, the hole leading to it must be marked with the word "white" or the letter "W". Edison-base lamp sockets (called screw shell devices in the NEC) are required to have the neutral conductor attached to the outer screw shell [NEC 200.10(C)]. In actual practice, the neutral terminal is silver colored, the line and load terminals are brass or (rarely) painted black), and the grounding screw is usually colored green. A common mnemonic electricians use to remember which wire goes to which terminal is "white to light…black to brass…green to green".
Phase wire in a circuit may be any color other than green, gray, or white (whether these are solid colors or stripes). The common colors are black, red, blue, brown, yellow, and orange (high leg delta) insulated wire, sometimes other colors.  Specific exceptions apply, such as a cable running to a switch and back (known as a traveler) where the white wire will be the hot wire feeding that switch.  Another is for a cable used to feed an outlet for 250 VAC appliances that do not need a neutral, there the white is hot. In both those instances the white wire should be identified as being hot, usually with black tape inside junction boxes.
The neutral wire is identified by gray or white insulated wire, perhaps using stripes or markings.
With lamp cord wire the ribbed wire is the neutral, and the smooth wire is the hot. NEC 2008 400.22(f) allows surface marking with ridged, grooves or white stripes on the surface of lamp cord.  With transparent cord the hot wire is copper colored, and the neutral is silver colored.
Grounding wire of circuit may be bare or identified insulated wire of green or green having yellow stripes. All metallic systems in a building are to be bonded to the building grounding system, such as water, natural gas, HVAC piping, and others.
Larger wires are generally furnished only in black; these black wires may be properly re-identified with suitable paint or tape.
All wiring in a circuit except for the leads that are part of a device or fixture must be of the required gauge or larger.  Different size wires may be used in the same raceway so long as they are all insulated for the maximum voltage of any of these circuits.
 The Code gives rules for calculating circuit loading and maximum ampacity.
Ground-fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protection is required on receptacles in wet locations and locations where there exists an easy path for fault current to travel to earth. This includes all receptacles intended to service kitchen counter surfaces, crawl spaces at or below grade level, basements, garages and accessory buildings, bathrooms, laundry areas, within 6 ft. of the outside edge of a sink bathtub or shower stall, as well as outdoors. There were previous exceptions for refrigerators because unattended disconnection could cause spoilage of food and for garbage disposals.  Instead, for refrigerators and other semi-permanent appliances in basements and wet areas, a one-outlet non-GFCI dedicated receptacle was generally used. As of the 2020 NEC this exception no longer exists and those devices in are required to have GFCI protection where otherwise required. Two-wire outlets having no grounding conductor may be protected by a GFCI or one upstream of the receptacle and must be labelled "No Equipment Ground" and "GFCI Protected". Most GFCI receptacles allow the connection and provide GFCI protection for down-stream connected receptacles.  Receptacles protected in this manner or with a GFCI circuit breaker should be labeled "GFCI protected".  (Outside North America these are referred to as  a "Residual-current device" or RCD.)
Arc-Fault Circuit Interrupter (AFCI) protection is required to protect nearly all finished areas of a home with the exception of bathrooms. This device, which can be a circuit breaker or the first outlet on a circuit, is designed to detect hazardous electrical arcing in the branch circuit wiring as well as in cords and plugs. An AFCI device is designed to trip quickly when it detects potentially dangerous arcing that could start a fire, but not trip with harmless arcing as part of the normal operation of devices such as motors.
Most circuits have the metallic components interconnected with a grounding wire connected to the third, round prong of a plug, and to metal boxes and appliance chassis.
Furnaces, electric water heaters, heat pumps, central air conditioning units, electric dryers, electric stoves or cooktops, and built-in microwave ovens must be on dedicated circuits.
The code provides rules for sizing electrical boxes for the number of wires and wiring devices in the box.

The foregoing is just a brief overview and must not be used as a substitute for the actual National Electrical Code.

Comparison of US practices with other countries

Electrical wiring practices developed in parallel in many countries  in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As a result, national and regional variations developed and remain in effect. (see National Electrical Code, electrical wiring, electrical wiring in the United Kingdom).  Some of these are retained for technical reasons, since the safety of wiring systems depends not only on the wiring code but also on the technical standards for wiring devices, materials, and equipment.

Grounding (earthing) of distribution circuits is a notable difference in practice between wiring systems of the United States and those of other regions. Since the early 1960s, wiring in new construction has required a separate grounding conductor used to bond (electrically connect) all normally non-current carrying parts of an electrical installation. Portable appliances with metal cases also have a bonding conductor in the flexible cable and plug connecting them to the distribution system. The circuit return conductor (neutral) is also connected to ground at the service entrance panel only; no other connections from neutral to ground are allowed, unlike regulations in some other parts of the world.

Lighting and power receptacle circuits in North American systems are typically radial from a distribution panel containing circuit breakers to protect each branch circuit. The smallest branch circuit rating is 15 amperes, used for general purpose receptacles and lighting. Often, 20 ampere circuits are used for general purpose receptacles and lighting. In residential construction, branch circuits for higher ratings are usually dedicated to one appliance, for example, fixed cooking appliances, electric clothes dryers, and air conditioners. Lighting and general purpose receptacles are at 120 volts AC, with larger devices fed by three wire single-phase circuits at 240 volts.

In commercial construction, three-phase circuits are often used. Common 3 phase configurations within a building are 208v/120 wye, 120/240 center tapped delta and 480v/277v wye.  Lighting is usually fed by 277 V or 120v.

Countries such as Mexico may adopt the NFPA standard as their  national electrical code, with local amendments similar to those in United States jurisdictions. The Canadian Electrical Code, while developed independently from the NFPA code, is similar in scope and intent to the US NEC, with only minor variations in technical requirement details; harmonization of the CEC and NEC codes is intended to facilitate free trade between the two countries.

Wiring methods

Most circuits in the modern North American home and light commercial construction are wired with non-metallic sheathed (NM) cable designated type.   This type of cable is the least expensive for a given size and is appropriate for dry indoor applications.  The designation NM XX-Y indicates, respectively, the type of sheathing (in this case, non-metallic), the size of the main conductors, and the total number of circuit conductors (exclusive of the grounding conductor).  For example, NM 14-2 cable contains three conductors (two plus one ground) at 14 gauge, a size typically used for circuits protected at 15 amperes.  Circuits with larger currents (such as for electric furnaces, water heaters, air conditioners, or sub-mains to additional circuit panels) will have larger conductors.  Not all US jurisdictions permit use of non-metallic sheathed cable. The NEC does not permit use of NM cable in large, fire-resistant, or high-rise structures.

In type NM cable, conductor insulation is color-coded for identification, typically one black, one white, and a bare grounding conductor. The National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies that the black conductor represent the hot conductor, with significant voltage to earth ground; the white conductor represent the identified or neutral conductor, near ground potential; and the bare/green conductor, the safety grounding conductor not normally used to carry circuit current. Wires may be re-colored, so these rules are commonly excepted. In 240-volt applications not requiring a neutral conductor, the white wire may be used as the second hot conductor, but must be recolored with tape or by some other method.  Four-wire flexible equipment connection cords have red as the fourth color; unlike older European practices, color-coding in flexible cords is the same as for fixed wiring.

In commercial and industrial, unenclosed NM cable is often prohibited in certain areas or altogether (depending on what the building is used for and local/state building codes). Therefore, it is almost never used by commercial electrical contractors. Most wiring is put in non-flexible conduit, usually EMT because of its cost and durability. Rigid may be required for certain areas and additionally, vapor-lock fittings may be required in areas where a fire or explosion hazard is present (such as gas stations, chemical factories, grain silos, etc.) PVC can be used where wire is run underground or where concrete will be poured. A duct bank is usually made of multiple PVC conduits encased in concrete. FMC or Flex is used where EMT or other non-flexible conduit is impractical or for short runs, known as "whips", to lights or other devices. For power circuits, the color-coding uses the same colors as residential construction, and adds the additional wires used for three-phase systems. Black, Red and Blue are used for hot wires and White is used as the neutral wire in a 120/208 V circuit. Brown, Orange and Yellow are used as hot wires and gray is used as the neutral wire in a 277/480 V. For grounding, regardless of the voltage, Green (or a bare wire) is used.

Several other types of wiring systems are used for building wiring in the United States; these include corrugated metal armored cable, mineral-insulated cable, other types of power cable, and various types of electrical conduit. In industrial applications cables may be laid in cable trays. Cable type TC is especially intended for use in tray systems. Special wiring  rules apply to wet or corrosive locations, and to locations which present an explosion hazard. Wiring materials for use in the United States must generally be made and tested to product standards set by NEMA and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and must bear approval marks such as those set by UL.

Approved wiring types can vary by jurisdiction.  Not all wiring methods approved in the NEC are accepted in all areas of the United States.

Wire types

Wire types for North American wiring practices are defined by standards issued by Underwriters Laboratories, the Canadian Standards Association, the American Society for Testing and Materials, the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, and the Insulated Cable Engineers Association.

XHHW stands for "XLPE (which itself is an abbreviation for cross(X)-linked polyethylene) High Heat-resistant Water-resistant." XHHW is a designation for a specific insulation material, temperature rating, and condition of use (suitable for wet locations) for electrical wire and cable.

Wires with XHHW insulation are commonly used in the alternating current (AC) electrical distribution systems of commercial, institutional, and industrial buildings and installations, usually at voltage levels (potential difference or electromotive force) ranging from 110-600 volts. This type of insulation is used for both copper and aluminum conductors  which are either solid or stranded, depending on size.

According to Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Standard 44, XHHW insulation is suitable for use in dry locations up to 90°C (194°F), or wet locations up to 75°C (167°F).

XHHW-2 insulation, which is similar to XHHW, is suitable for use in dry or wet locations up to 90°C (194°F).

THWN stands for "Thermoplastic Heat and Water-resistant Nylon-coated." THWN is a designation for a specific insulation material, temperature rating, and condition of use (wet locations) for electrical wire and cable.

THHN stands for "Thermoplastic High Heat-resistant Nylon-coated." THHN is a designation for a specific insulation material, temperature rating, and condition of use (suitable for dry and damp locations) for electrical wire and cable.

Wire with  THWN or THHN insulation is commonly used in the AC electrical distribution systems throughout North America, usually at voltage levels  from 110 to 600 volts. This type of insulation is used for both copper and aluminum conductors  which are either solid or stranded, depending on size. Many wires are rated both THWN and THHN, and are suitable for use in dry locations up to 90°C (194°F), or wet locations up to 75°C (167°F).

See also
American wire gauge
Electrical wiring in the United Kingdom
Twist-on wire connector

References

External links
 Wire and Cable Technical Information Handbook
 The NEC at NFPA.org
 Summary of NEC Color Code

Electrical wiring
Power cables
North America

Electrical wiring in North America


Der SV Bardenbach ist ein Sportverein aus Bardenbach, einem Stadtteil von Wadern im Landkreis Merzig-Wadern. Der Verein wurde im Jahre 1946 gegründet. Die erste Fußballmannschaft der Frauen spielt seit dem Abstieg im Jahre 2014 in der Verbandsliga Saarland.

Geschichte
Im Jahre 2009 gelang der Frauenmannschaft der Aufstieg in die Regionalliga Südwest. Nach zwei Jahren im unteren Teil der Tabelle gelang im Jahre 2012 der Aufstieg in die 2. Bundesliga. Dort war die Mannschaft jedoch überfordert und musste mit nur zwei Saisonsiegen als Tabellenletzter wieder absteigen. Beim 1. FC Köln unterlagen die Bardenbacherinnen mit 1:12. In der Saison 2013/14 wurde der SVB in die Verbandsliga durchgereicht.

Dreimal konnte sich die Mannschaft für den DFB-Pokal qualifizieren. Jedes Mal schieden die Bardenbacherinnen in der ersten Runde aus. Im Jahre 2002 qualifizierten sich die B-Juniorinnen des Vereins für die Deutsche Meisterschaft, blieb aber in ihrer Vorrundengruppe ohne Punktgewinn.

Die erste Mannschaft der Männer spielte seit dem Aufstieg im Jahre 2006 in der Bezirksliga. 2013 gelang der Aufstieg in die Landesliga West. Dort verpasste der Neuling in der Saison 2013/14 mit dem dritten Tabellenrang einen weiteren Aufstieg nur knapp.

Erfolge
 Meister der Regionalliga Südwest 2012
 Meister der Verbandsliga Saar 2009
 Saarlandpokalsieger 2008, 2009, 2011

Bekannte Spielerinnen
 Christina Arend
 Vicky Hinsberger
 Nicole Müller, aktuelle Spielerin seit 2012
 Patrycja Pożerska
 Ann-Katrin Schinkel
 Agata Tarczyńska
 Amy Thompson

Weblinks
 Offizielle Homepage

Fußballverein aus dem Landkreis Merzig-Wadern
Verein im Saarländischen Fußballverband
SV Bardenbach
Sportverein (Wadern)

SV Bardenbach


MICTOR es el acrónimo de Matched Impedance ConnecTOR. Se trata de un conector para circuitos impresos. Puede ser utilizado para probar tableros.

Enlaces externos
 http://fr.mouser.com/search/Refine.aspx?Ntt=AMP%20MICTOR%20Connectors
 http://www.emulation.com/pdf/f7472.pdf
 http://www.pctestinstruments.com/images/mictor_connectors.pdf

Conectores de computadora
Hardware
Fabricación de productos electrónicos

MICTOR


Michael Dickinson (d. 1950, Durham) İngiliz İngilizce öğretmeni, aktör, yönetmen, yazar ve kolaj sanatçısı.

1986 yılında Türkiye'ye yerleşti. Çeşitli kolejlerde ve Yeditepe Üniversitesi'nde İngilizce öğretmenliği yaptı. İngiltere'den geldikten sonra ara verdiği kolaj çalışmalarına 11 Eylül sonrası yeniden başladı ve siyasileri sert bir dille eleştirmeye devam etti. "Good Boy" kolajı nedeniyle yargılandığını öğrendiğinde Türkiye'yi terk ederek İngiltere'ye döndü.

Tiyatro oyunları

 The Rich Young Man
 Cinderella
 The Three Prince
 King's New Clothes

Dış bağlantılar
Kişisel İnternet Sayfası
Michael Dickinson on Stuckism web site
interview with Michael Dickinson in MungBeing Magazine
Michael Dickinson writes on Turkey "dog case"
Video interview with Dickinson ("Keeping Turkey out of the EU")

1950 doğumlular
İngiliz öğretmenler
Yaşayan insanlar

Michael Dickinson


Noul teatru… vechi este un film românesc din 1984 regizat de Mirel Ilieșiu.

Prezentare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1984 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 1984

Noul teatru... vechi


Igor Vladimirovitch Ossipov (), né le  à  dans le district de Fyodorov (RSS kazakhe), est un officier de la marine russe. Ayant le grade d'amiral, il était, avant d'être limogé par Vladimir Poutine le 17 août 2022, commandant en chef de la flotte de la mer Noire.

Carrière
Né en 1973 dans la RSS kazakhe, partie de l'Union soviétique, Ossipov étudie à l'école supérieure navale de navigation sous-marine, et rejoint la flotte du Pacifique après avoir obtenu son diplôme. Son premier service se passe à bord des petites corvettes anti-sous-marines de classe la Grisha, gravissant progressivement les échelons pour commander son propre navire. Des nominations dans l'état-major de la flotte suivent, ainsi que des études plus poussées dans les établissements d'enseignement supérieur de la marine, avant de prendre le commandement de la base de la flotte de la Baltique à Baltiysk. Il est nommé commandant de la flottille caspienne en 2015, puis revient dans la flotte du Pacifique en tant que chef d'état-major et commandant adjoint l'année suivante, avant de devenir en 2018 chef adjoint de l'état-major général des Forces armées de la fédération de Russie. Il reprend le commandement de la flotte de la mer Noire en mai 2019.

En février 2022, dans le contexte de l'invasion russe de l'Ukraine, Ossipov est ajouté à la liste des sanctions de l'Union européenne pour être .

Selon l'ancien député russe Ilia Ponomarev, Ossipov aurait été mis aux arrêts à la suite de la perte du navire amiral de la flotte russe, le Moskva, le 14 avril 2022.
Le 17 août 2022, il est limogé par Vladimir Poutine et remplacé à la tête de la flotte de la mer Noire, par le vice-amiral Viktor Nikolaïevitch Sokolov, après les explosions de Novofedorivka le 12 août.

Notes et références

Naissance en 1973
Naissance en RSS kazakhe
Amiral russe
Militaire russe du XXIe siècle

Igor Ossipov


Joseph Pulitzer ya da József Pulitzer (10 Nisan 1847, Makó, Macaristan - 29 Ekim 1911, Charleston, Güney Karolina, ABD), Macar asıllı Amerikalı gazeteci.

Amerikan İç Savaşı sırasında asker olmak için gittiği Amerika'da savaştan sonra Almanca çıkan gazetelerde çalışmaya başlamıştır. Önemli çalışmalarıyla kısa sürede başarıyı yakalamış ve 1882 de New York World gazetesini satın almıştır. İnsanların ilgisini çekecek öyküler, sansasyonlar ve skandal haberlerine verdiği önemle gazeteciliğin yönünü değiştirmiş modern gazeteciliğin öncüsü olarak kabul edilmiştir. Gazetesinin günlük tirajını 15.000'den 300.000'e çıkarmıştır. Bir süre ABD Temsilciler Meclisinde de görev yapmıştır.

Columbia Üniversitesi'ne bıraktığı parayla her yıl onun adına Pulitzer Ödülü verilmektedir. 64 yaşında ABD'de yaşamını yitirmiştir.

Dış bağlantılar

1847 doğumlular
1911 yılında ölenler
19. yüzyılda Amerikalılar
Amerikalı gazete yayımcıları
19. yüzyıl Amerikalı gazetecileri
20. yüzyıl Amerikalı gazetecileri
Macar gazeteciler
Macaristan Yahudileri
Macaristan Yahudisi asıllı Amerikalılar
Amerikan İç Savaşı'nda kişiler
İspanya-Amerika Savaşı'nda kişiler
Pulitzer Ödülü
Woodlawn Mezarlığı'na (Bronx, New York) defnedilenler
St. Louis Post-Dispatch kişileri
New York'un ABD Temsilciler Meclisi üyeleri

Joseph Pulitzer


Hey You! er det tredje studiealbum fra den danske poprock-duo Sko/Torp. Det udkom den 14. november 1994 på Medley Records. Albummet var produceret af Palle Torp og co-produceret af Søren Sko, mens Mats Ronander var vokalproducer.

Albummet modtog guld, og endte med at sælge omkring 40.000 solgte eksemplarer, hvilket var langt mindre succesfuldt end de foregående to albums, der begge havde solgt langt over 100.000 albums.

Sanne Salomonsen medvirker på nummeret "True Confessions".

Spor

Hitliste

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 Hey You! på Discogs

Album fra 1994
Sko/Torp-album

Hey You!


Tiuna '' je venezuelansko višenamjensko vojno oklopno vozilo koje proizvodi domaća tvrtka CAVIM - CENARECA. Konceptualno, sličan je američkom HMMWV-u a pokreće ga 5,3 litreni GM-ov Vortec motor.

Vozilo može prevoziti osam vojnika te ima nosivost od najmanje jedne tone. Također, Tiuna može vući prikolicu ili lake topove. Pojedinačna cijena Tiune je 70.000 USD.

Postoje različite inačice Tiune, i to kao:

zapovjedno vozilo (u potpunosti zatvoreni model s četiri vrata),
komunikacijsko vozilo,
izvidničko vozilo,
vozilo koje sa sobom nosi beztrzajni top,
protuzračno vozilo (model s dvoje vratiju te platformom s protuzračnim raketama na stražnjoj strani),
ambulantno vozilo,
tanker s gorivom,
tanker s vodom,
vozilo namijenjeno održavanju,
vozilo namijenjeno službama za održavanje reda.

Korisnici
: vozilo je 2004. godine prihvaćeno u venezuelanskoj vojsci.

Izvori

Oklopna vozila

Tiuna


Elli Kokkinu Yunan: Ελλη Κοκκίνου (d. 24 Temmuz, 1970; Atina, Yunanistan Krallığı) Yunan şarkıcı.

Albümleri
 1999: Epikindina Paihnidia
 2000: Andriki Kolonia
 2003: Paradinomai
 2003: Sto Kokkino
 2004: Sto Kokkino Platinum Edition
 2005: SEX
 2006: Ki'Allo Platinum Edition
 2007: Eilikrina
 2011: Ta Genethlia Mou

Teklileri
 1998: Epinkindina Paihnidia
 2000: Pao/Lexi Pros Lexi
 2007: Lipame Ilikrina

DVD
 2004: Sto Kokkino - Karaoke

Dış bağlantılar
  Resmî İnternet Sayfası
 Biography (in Greek)

Yaşayan insanlar
1970 doğumlular
Atina doğumlu şarkıcılar
Yunan kadın şarkıcılar
Yunan pop şarkıcıları
21. yüzyıl kadın şarkıcıları

Elli Kokkinu


Obični zanovijet (Obični negnjil, djetelinovo drvo, lat. Laburnum anagyroides), je vrsta iz porodice mahunarki (Fabaceae) koja pripada rodu negnjil, zanovijet ili zlatna kiša. Prirodno stanište ove biljke je u Srednjoj i Južnoj Europi.

Raste i cvjeta u suhim i blagim habitatima, posebice u vapnenastim tlima južne Europe.

Opis

Obični zanovijet je malo listopadno drvo ili veliki grm, koji može narasti do 7 metara visine. Ima glatku koru, tamnozelene široke grane i viseće dlakave grančice. Listovi se uglavnom sastoje od tri dijela te su ovalni s dugim peteljkama; glatki su na gornjoj strani te dlakavi na donjoj. Cvate tijekom svibnja i lipnja.

Laburnum anagyroides cvjeta u kasno proljeće cvjetovima koji su graškasti, žuti, gusto nabijeni i pendulozni grozdovi dugi 10–25 cm. Cvjetovi su zlatnožuti, slatka mirisa i obično cvjetaju u svibnju.

Sjemenke su u mahunama punih mnogobrojnim crnim sjemenkama koje sadrže citizin, alkaloid krajnje otrovan za ljude kao i za koze i konje, osobito kad nisu zreli. No neke divlje životinje poput zečeva i jelena hrane se njima bez ikakvih popratnih tegoba, i zbog toga u nekim krajevima vjeruju da ova biljka ima čarobne osobine.

Svi dijelovi biljke sadrže citizin i otrovni su ako se konzumiraju.

Uporaba
Drvo je tvrdo i teško, žute/smeđe boje, pogodno za izradu stupova, obradu drva i kao gorivo. U prošlosti koristilo ga se za izradu lukova, za što se koristi i danas kad se oživljavaju povijesni događaji.

Drvo je također poznato kao "lažna ebanovina" jer drvo iz vrlo starih primjeraka može se koristiti umjesto ebanovine.

Uzgoj
Laburnum anagyroides uzgaja se kao ukrasno drvo. Najčešća ukrasna biljka iz ovog roda je hibrid ove vrste i Laburnum alpinum — Laburnum × watereri. Kao poznatiji kultivari su 'Aureum', 'Bullatum', 'Carlieri', 'Chrysophyllum', 'Incisum', 'Pendulum', 'Quercifolium', 'Serotinum', 'Sessilifolium' i 'Variegatum'.

Hrvatski nazivi i autori
 djetelinovo drvo, Šulek, B., 1879,
 kopitak gorski, Šulek, B., 1879,
 kopitica, Šulek, B., 1879,
 negnjil, Kušan, F., 1956,
 obična zanovijet, Forenbacher, S., 1998,
 obični zanovijet, Domac, R., 1994,
 pucalika, Šulek, B., 1879,
 tilovina, Šulek, B., 1879,
 utin, Šulek, B., 1879,
 zanovet grozdocvjetni, Schlosser, J.C.K.; Vukotinović, Lj., 1876,
 zanovijet, Kušan, F., 1956,
 žilovina, Šulek, B., 1879,
 žuti bagrem, Kušan, F., 1956
izvori za hrvatsko nazivlje

Izvori

Genisteae
Otrovne biljke
Flora Švicarske
Flora Austrije
Flora Slovačke
Flora Francuske
Flora Italije
Flora Mađarske
Flora San Marina
Flora Rumunjske

Obični zanovijet


A 1.ª etapa do Tour de France de 2022 teve lugar a 1 de julho de 2022 e consistiu numa contrarrelógio individual na cidade de Copenhaga na Dinamarca sobre um percurso de 13,2 km. O vencedor e primeiro líder da prova foi o belga Yves Lampaert do Quick-Step Alpha Vinyl.

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Classificação da etapa

Classificações ao final da etapa

Classificação geral (Maillot Jaune)

Classificação por pontos (Maillot Vert)

Classificação da montanha (Maillot à Pois Rouges)

Classificação do melhor jovem (Maillot Blanc)

Classificação por equipas (Classement par Équipe)

Abandonos
Nenhum.

Referências

Ligações externas

 Página oficial

Etapas do Tour de France de 2022

1.ª etapa do Tour de France de 2022


Slobodan Komljenović (Fráncfort del Meno, Alemania Federal, 2 de enero de 1971), es un ex-futbolista serbio de origen alemán, se desempeñaba como defensa o lateral derecho.

Komljenović jugó toda su carrera deportiva en Alemania, exceptuando dos temporadas que jugó en el Real Zaragoza español.

Clubes

Futbolistas de Alemania
Futbolistas nacionalizados en Serbia
Futbolistas de la República Federal de Yugoslavia en la Copa Mundial de 1998
Futbolistas de la República Federal de Yugoslavia en la Eurocopa 2000
Futbolistas del Eintracht Fráncfort en los años 1990
Futbolistas del MSV Duisburgo en los años 1990
Futbolistas del 1. FC Kaiserslautern en los años 1990
Futbolistas del 1. FC Kaiserslautern en los años 2000
Futbolistas del Real Zaragoza en los años 2000
Futbolistas del TSV 1860 Múnich en los años 2000
Nacidos en Fráncfort del Meno

Slobodan Komljenović


Josip Pandža (Vitez, 14. svibnja 1987.), bosanskohercegovački košarkaški trener i bivši košarkaš.

Karijera

Igračku je karijeru prekinuo vrlo rano zbog toga što je rođen s inverzijom unutrašnjih organa. U matičnom Vitezu, kao dvadesetogodišnjak, započinje trenersku karijeru. U sezoni 2013./14. s Vitezom osvaja A1 ligu Košarkaškog saveza Herceg-Bosne te nakon doigravanja ostvaruje plasman u Premijer ligu BiH. Nakon šest sezona u Vitezu, 2013. godine preuzima KK Kakanj. Istodobno je bio i pomoćni trener u mladoj košarkaškoj reprezentaciji Bosne i Hercegovine. U sezoni 2015./16. s momčadi Kaknja je igrao u finalu doigravanja za prvaka Bosne i Hercegovine protiv Igokee (1:3).

U svibnju 2015. postaje izbornik bosanskohercegovačke reprezentacije do 16 godina, koja je pod njegovim vodstvom iste godine osvojila Europsko prvenstvo u Litvi. Nakon toga je vodio reprezentaciju do 17 godina na Svjetskom prvenstvu u Španjolskoj te reprezentaciju do 18 godina koja je na Europskom prvenstvu u Turskoj osvojila šesto mjesto.

Tijekom 2017. godine bio je pomoćnik izbornika Duška Vujoševića u košarkaškoj reprezentaciji BiH.

Nagrade i priznanja

 2015.: Najbolji trener prema izboru Olimpijskog komiteta BiH
 2016.: Plaketa općine Vitez za postignute izuzetne sportske rezultate

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Josip Pandža na bhbasket.ba

Bosanskohercegovački košarkaški treneri
Bosanskohercegovački košarkaši
Hrvatska košarka u Bosni i Hercegovini
Životopisi, Vitez

Josip Pandža


El subdistrito fitogeográfico del tala es una subvariante del distrito fitogeográfico del algarrobo, perteneciente a la provincia fitogeográfica del espinal. Incluye formaciones de bosques xeromórficos subclimáxicos dominados por una especie arbórea de modesta altura: el tala (Celtis ehrenbergiana). Para algunos autores merecería ser considerado como un Distrito propio, es decir: el distrito fitogeográfico del tala. Se lo encuentra en el este de la Argentina, en el sudeste de la provincia de Santa Fe, y el nordeste y este de Buenos Aires, hasta alcanzar las proximidades del océano Atlántico.

Sinonimia

Para algunos autores, el que no sea una especie del género Prosopis la que domine, incluso faltando dicho género en buena parte de la formación, amerita para que la misma sea tratada como un Distrito fitogeográfico propio dentro de la Provincia fitogeográfica del Espinal, y no un mero Subdistrito del Distrito fitogeográfico del Algarrobo.

Distribución

Este Subdistrito fitogeográfico se distribuye en el sudeste de la provincia de Santa Fe, y el nordeste y este de Buenos Aires, hasta terminar en las proximidades del mar Argentino del océano Atlántico en Mar del Plata, y sobre las faldas del sistema de Tandilia, en las lomas que bordean a la laguna de los Padres. También se encuentran en pequeñas barrancas de bordes de lagunas y arroyos, en el interior provincial, formando así pequeños bosques en Brandsen, Chascomús, Monte, 25 de Mayo, etc.

Según la clasificación de Ángel Lulio Cabrera, también cubriría los bosques de la margen opuesta del río Paraná, en el sur de Entre Ríos.

Las altitudes van desde el nivel del mar hasta los 50

Afinidades florísticas

Este Distrito fitogeográfico guarda estrecha relación con la formación típica del Distrito fitogeográfico del Algarrobo y con el Distrito fitogeográfico del Ñandubay, ambos pertenecientes a la Provincia fitogeográfica del Espinal.

Clima

Los tipos climáticos presentes en esta formación son, de norte a sur, pampeano subtropical hasta el partido de Zárate, desde allí hasta punta Piedras se presenta el subtropical marítimo, luego el pampeano marítimo en la zona de la bahía de Samborombón y la costa marítima, y finalmente marítimo cálido, en la región de Mar del Plata.

Las mínimas absolutas rondan los -6 °C. Las lluvias se presentan se una época marcada, totalizando desde los 800 hasta los 1100 mm.

Características

Fisionómicamente se presenta como un bosque xeromórfico subclimáxico, bajo, de hasta 10 metros de altura, con especies dominantes con xeromorfia más o menos presente, de hojas reducidas, coriáceas, y hasta áfilas. Está integrado por árboles de forma achaparrada, con sotobosque de hiebas y arbustos, algunas enredaderas y epifitas.

En todo el subdistrito el árbol más abundante es el tala (Celtis ehrenbergiana) el cual fue por mucho tiempo conocido como Celtis spinosa y luego como Celtis tala. Si bien crece en gran parte del continente americano, llegando incluso hasta el sur de los Estados Unidos, sólo en la Provincia de Buenos Aires es un árbol clave, dominando ampliamente el ecosistema en el que crece, a tal punto abunda que los mismos bosques son llamados talares.

Subdivisiones

El subdistrito puede ser subdividido en dos secciones.

Subdivisión fitogeográfica del Talar de barranca

Esta sección se distribuye desde las barrancas del Paraná en la boca del río Carcarañá, en el sudeste de la provincia de Santa Fe, continuando hacia el sur sobre las barrancas paranaenses y penetrando sobre ellas en el nordeste de Buenos Aires, y luego sobre las antiguas barrancas de la margen derecha del tramo superior del Río de la Plata, hasta que estas se extinguen en las barrancas de la margen izquierda del Riachuelo en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, en donde se está recreando este ecosistema en la reserva de Costanera Sur.

Al presentarse a una menor latitud y por su mayor cercanía a los bosques continuos del Espinal, es por mucho la variante más biodiversa.

 Estrato arbóreo El tala es acompañado, además de por la casi totalidad de los elementos de la sección siguiente, por el tembetarí (Fagara rhoifolia), el chañar (Geoffroea decorticans), el algarrobo blanco (Prosopis alba), el algarrobo dulce (Prosopis flexuosa), el quebracho blanco (Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco), el paratodo (Tabebuia nodosa) —los dos últimos muy raros—, el quebradillo (Acanthosyris spinescens), etc.
 Estrato arbustivo o sotobosque En el estrato arbustivo se presentan la barba de chivo (Caesalpinia gilliesii), el chal-chal de gallina (Schaefferia argentinensis), las congorosas (Maytenus vitis-idaea y Maytenus ilicifolia), Capparis tweediana, el barba de tigre (Colletia tenuicola), el chucupí (Porlieria microphylla), varias cactáceas como el cardón oriental (Cereus uruguayanus), el cardoncito (Cereus aethiops), varias Opuntia, Harrisia pomanensis, Echinopsis oxygona, el calafate (Berberis ruscifolia), los niño-urupás (Aloysia chacoensis y Aloysia gratissima), varias carquejas y chilcas (Baccharis), el chivil (Lycium cestroides), el abutilon (Abutilon pauciflorum), el tabaquillo del talar (Trixis praestans), Holmbergia tweediei, Senecio grisebachii, etc.
 Estrato herbáceo En el sotobosque herbáceo umbrófilo se encuentran: Peperomia comarapana, Menodora integrifolia, Justicia campestris, Cucurbitella asperata, la dichondra (Dichondra microcalyx), los camarás (Lantana x entrerriensis y Lantana x megapotamica), Halimolobus montanus, etc.
En los claros inalterados del bosque se presentan gramíneas: Stipa charruana, Stipa philippii, Stipa bavioensis, Melica macra, Bromus uruguayensis, Bromus unioloides, etc.
 Estrato escandente Son varias las enredaderas que trepan por las ramas, en especial destacan las barba de viejo (Clematis bonariensis y Clematis denticulata), el mburucuyá (Passiflora caerulea), los tasis (Araujia hortorum y Morrenia odorata), etc.
 Estrato epifítico y muscinal Entre las especies epifitas, además de repetir las especies de la subdivisión siguiente, encontramos la liga (Ligaria cuneifolia), etc.

Subdivisión fitogeográfica del Talar de conchilla

Esta formación señala la presencia de suelos profundos y sueltos, bien drenados, no inundables, frecuentemente sobre subsuelos arenosos o conchillíferos.
Es el talar característico de las llanuras del este de Buenos Aires, creciendo en isletas boscosas de suelos más elevados rodeadas de pastizales inundables. Forma una franja que partiendo desde el Riachuelo y montada sobre lomadas altas con subsuelos toscosos, sobre cordones de médanos fósiles como en la zona de Monte Veloz, pero especialmente sobre los cordones de conchillas marinas del Plantense depositados en las últimas ingresiones marinas, los que se elevan sólo unos pocos metros por sobre la casi total horizontalidad de la llanura circundante. También se encuentran en pequeñas barrancas de bordes de lagunas y arroyos, en el interior provincial, formando así pequeños bosques en Brandsen, Chascomús, Monte, 25 de Mayo, etc. Finalmente, en su avance hacia el sur se extiende hasta las proximidades del mar Argentino del océano Atlántico en Mar del Plata, y sobre las faldas de las estribaciones australes del sistema orográfico de Tandilia, en las lomas que bordean a la laguna de los Padres. Esta sección también se presentaba en algunos pocos sectores al norte del Riachuelo, específicamente en la margen derecha del valle de inundación del Paraná en su desembocadura, en lomas conchíferas sobre bañados en la zona de Benavidez; estos bosques han sido totalmente transformados en urbanizaciones.

 Estrato arbóreo En el Talar de conchilla falta por completo el género Prosopis, y al dominante tala lo acompañan el sauco (Sambucus australis), el incienso (Schinus longifolia), el sombra de toro (Jodina rhombifolia), el coronillo (Scutia buxifolia), el tembetarí (Fagara hyemalis) —raro—, etc.

El talar se va empobreciendo en la medida que avanza hacia el sur. Algunas especies sólo se encuentran en el sector norte de la sección, hasta la zona de la boca del río Salado o de la bahía de Samborombón, por ejemplo el ombú (Phytolacca dioica), el espinillo (Acacia caven), etc.
 Estrato arbustivo o sotobosque Las cactáceas están ausentes; se encuentran algunos arbustos como la rama negra (Senna corymbosa), el barba de tigre (Colletia spinosissima), el duraznillo negro (Cestrum parqui), el ñapinday (Acacia bonariensis), etc. Este arbusto es La única leñosa de esta Subdivisión fitogeográfica que no «baja» desde el norte, pues accede a los talares más australes de dicha Subdivisión al interconectarse esta con arbustales del pedemonte de la sierra de los Padres, es el curro (Colletia paradoxa).
 Estrato herbáceo En el sotobosque el umbrófilo se encuentran dos orquídeas: Beadlea elata y Chloraea membranacea, Blumembachia urens, Blumembachia uinsignis, Dichondra repens, etc.
 Estrato epifítico y muscinal Entre las especies epifitas, además de repetir las especies de la subdivisión siguiente, encontramos los claveles del aire (Tillandsia aeranthos y Tillandsia meridionalis), helechos, etc.
 Estrato escandente Repite algunas de las especies de la subdivisión anterior.

Conservación

Es poco lo que aún ha logrado permanecer en pie de este particular ecosistema, especialmente de la subdivisión septentrional. Primeramente fue la destrucción para transformarlos en carbón y leña en una zona naturalmente escasa en estos recursos; posteriormente la drástica reconversión a tierras agrícolas de los bosques próximos a las barrancas, quedando estos limitados sólo al mismo talud de ellas. Una tercera fase destructiva se presentó al ser esta sona la más poblada del país, por lo que muchos de los bosques terminaron convirtiéndose en barrios. Finalmente, el peor enemigo resultó ser la dañina invasión de especies arbóreas de origen exótico, las que han logrado desplazar a los elementos nativos en los escasos núcleos forestales remanentes.

Bibliografía

 Cabrera, A. L.; 1976. Regiones fitogeográficas argentinas. Enciclopedia Argentina de Agricultura y Jardinería, Tomo II Fs. 1. Ed. ACME. Bs. As. Argentina. 1-85 pp.
 Cabrera, A. L. y Willink, W.;. Biogeografía de América Latina, OEA, Ser. Biol., Monogr. 3:, 1980.
 Cagnoni, M.; A. M. Faggi y A. Ribichich. 1996. La vegetación de la Reserva El Destino (Partido de Magdalena, Prov. de Buenos Aires). Parodiana 9(1-2): 25-44.
 Chébez, J.C.;. Los que se van. Especies argentinas en peligro, Editorial Albatros, 1994.
 Chébez, J.C.;. Guía de las Reservas Naturales de la Argentina. Volumen 5, pp 288. Editor: Editorial Albatros, 2006. ISBN 9502410602
 Chichizola, S. 1993. Las comunidades vegetales de la reserva estricta Otamendi. Parodiana 8(2): 227-263.
 Faggi, A. M. Y M. Encabo. 1987. Notas sobre la vegetación azonal del norte de la Pcia. de Buenos Aires I. Las barrancas de Lima. Parodiana 5 (1): 89-99.
 Faggi, A.M. y M. Cagnoni. 1993. La vegetación de la reserva de vida silvestre Campos del Tuyú. Parodiana 8 (1): 101- 112.
 Goya, J.; G. Plací y A. Brown. 1992. Distribución y características estructurales de los talares de la Reserva de Biosfera "Parque Costero del Sur". Rev.Fac.Agro. La Plata 68: 53-64.
 Lewis, J. y M. Collantes. 1973.  El espinal periestépico. Ciencia e investigación. 29: 360- 377.
 Parodi, L.R. 1940. La distribución geográfica de los talares en la Prov. de Buenos Aires. Darwiniana 4 (1): 33-69
 Parodi, L.R. 1940. Los bosques naturales de la Prov. de Bs. As. Anales Acad. Nac. Cienc. Exact. Fís. y Nat. 7: 97-90.

Referencias

Fitogeografía de Argentina
Naturaleza de Entre Ríos

Subdistrito fitogeográfico del tala


Das Milchweiße Samthäubchen (Conocybe albipes) ist eine Pilzart aus der Familie der Mistpilzverwandten (Bolbitiaceae). Bekannte Synonyme sind Conocybe apala und Conocybe lactea.

Merkmale

Makroskopische Merkmale
Der Hut ist hell-cremefarben und nimmt in Richtung Hutmitte dunkelgelbe oder braune Färbungen an. Seine Form ist anfangs fingerhutförmig (konisch), später wird sie breitglockig (stumpf-konisch), breitet sich aber niemals ganz aus. Im Jungzustand des Habitus ist die Huthaut leicht schmierig. Weitere Merkmale sind eine schwache Längsriefigkeit oder gar Runzelung. Der Durchmesser beträgt etwa 0,5 bis 2,5 cm. Die Lamellen sind sehr eng angeordnet, die Farbe ist blass gelb-braun oder creme. Der dünne Stängel ist 1,5 bis 5 cm lang und 0,1 bis 0,3 cm dick, brüchig und innen hohl.

Mikroskopische Merkmale
Die rötlich-braunen Sporen messen 10–14 × 7–9 μm. Sie sind breit-elliptisch bis oval, glatt und dickwandig. Sie enthalten jeweils eine Keimpore. Die Basidien sind 4-sporig. Der Sporenabdruck ist rostig-braun.

Artabgrenzung
Verwechslungsgefahr besteht hauptsächlich mit anderen Arten der Gattung (Conocybe), aber auch mit diversen Arten der Rötlinge (Entoloma), Ackerlinge (Agrocybe) und Düngerlinge.

Speisewert
Der geruchsneutrale Pilz ist, wie die meisten Arten der Gattung Conocybe, ungenießbar.

Verbreitung und Ökologie
Die Art stammt ursprünglich aus Nordamerika, hat sich aber auch in Europa angesiedelt und tritt in Mitteleuropa weit verbreitet auf.

Die Hauptwachstumszeit reicht meist von Juli bis September. Der Pilz wächst verstreut oder gesellig an sonnigen Standorten, wie Rasen, Weiden oder Wiesen und bevorzugt dabei gedüngte Grünflächen mit lockerer Bodenbeschaffenheit. Er gehört zu den typischen Wiesenpilzen. Hierzu zählen auch die verwandten Gattungen der Düngerlinge und Ackerlinge, mit deren Spezies Panaeolus foeniscecii und Agrocybe pediades er häufig anzutreffen ist.
Die nur kurzlebigen Fruchtkörper erscheinen im Frühling bis in den Herbst hinein, verstärkt bei hoher Temperatur- und Luftfeuchtigkeit (Schwüle) und überdauern nur 1–2 Tage. Es kommt vor, dass die Mittagssonne den Fruchtkörper frühzeitig kollabieren lässt.

Quellen
 Hallen, H. E., Watling, R. & Adams, G. C. (2003): Taxonomy and Toxicity of Conocybe lactea and Related Species. Mycological Research 107(8): S. 969–979.
 Hausknecht, A. (2009): A monograph of the genera Conocybe & Pholiotina in Europe. Edizioni Candusso: Alassio, Italy. 968 S.
 Noordeloos, M. E., Kuyper, T. W. & Vellinga, E. C. (2005): Flora Agaricina Neerlandica—Critical monographs on the families of agarics and boleti occurring in the Netherlands. Volume 6. Coprinaceae & Bolbitiaceae. Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton, FL. 227 S.
 Watling, R. (1982): British Fungus Flora: Agarics and Boleti. Vol 3. Bolbitiaceae: Agrocybe, Bolbitius, & Conocybe. Royal Botanic Garden: Edinburgh, Scotland. 139 S.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Mistpilzverwandte

Milchweißes Samthäubchen


Capsanes (en catalán y según Adif: Capçanes) es un apeadero ferroviario situado en el municipio español de Capsanes en la provincia de Tarragona, comunidad autónoma de Cataluña. Dispone de servicios de Media Distancia.

Situación ferroviaria
La estación se encuentra en el punto kilométrico 544 de la línea férrea de ancho ibérico que une Miraflores con Tarragona, entre las estaciones de Guiamets y de Marsá-Falset, a 213 metros de altitud. El tramo es de vía única y está electrificado.

Historia
La estación fue inaugurada el 8 de abril de 1891 con la apertura del tramo Marsá-Mora la Nueva de la línea férrea Samper vía Reus con Roda de Bará por parte de la Compañía de los ferrocarriles de Tarragona a Barcelona y Francia o TBF. Ese mismo año TBF había logrado un acuerdo de fusión con MZA que no se haría efectivo hasta 1899 y que permitía a MZA conectar Barcelona con Madrid vía Zaragoza. Aun así TBF mantuvo cierta autonomía dentro de la nueva compañía, autonomía que conservaría hasta 1936. En 1941, la gestión de la estación pasó a manos de RENFE tras nacionalizarse el ferrocarril en España.

Desde el 31 de diciembre de 2004 Renfe Operadora explota la línea mientras que Adif es la titular de las instalaciones ferroviarias.

La estación
La estación es un simple apeadero. Sus instalaciones se limitan a un pequeño refugio construido en 2007 en sustitución de una peculiar marquesina metálica. Solo la vía principal accede a la estación que dispone únicamente de un andén lateral.

Servicios ferroviarios

Media Distancia
Renfe Operadora presta servicios de Media Distancia gracias a sus trenes Regional y Regional Exprés en los trayectos que unen Barcelona con Zaragoza, Caspe, Ribarroja de Ebro, Flix y Mora la Nueva.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Media Distancia Cataluña en la web de Renfe.

Capsanes
Capsanes
Cap

Estación de Capsanes


Mythimna unipuncta es una polilla de la familia Noctuidae. Se encuentra casi en todo el mundo, excepto en el este-Paleártico y en las regiones oriental y Australia. Es originaria de América del Norte y del Sur, y de allí ha sido introducida a otras regiones. Aunque se cree que es de origen neotropical, se ha introducido en otros lugares y, a menudo, se la considera una plaga agrícola.

En español se la llama  cuncunilla de las chagras, gusano soldado, gusano soldado del maíz (México), isoca militar verdadera (Argentina), lagarta de los cereales o oruga desfoliadora de los pastos.

Características

La envergadura es de 4 cm. Las alas anteriores tienen una zona central más oscura con varios puntos blancos. El borde anterior tiene puntos negros. Las alas posteriores son de color más grisáceo.

Es una especie migratoria, vuela hacia climas más templados a la llegada del invierno. Regresa en la primavera y se reproduce cuando las temperaturas lo favorecen.

Es una plaga de los cultivos. La larva se alimenta de una variedad de gramíneas, incluyendo especies cultivadas como maíz, avena y arroz. Además se alimentan de otras plantas como alfalfa, lechuga, cebollas y muchas otras.

Galería

Referencias

Enlaces externos

unipuncta
Migración de los insectos

Mythimna unipuncta


هيئة الصحة هي هيئة التي تعني بالشؤوون الصحية في إمارة دبي ودورها تكميلي مع وزارة الصحة حيث تعتبر الوزارة أحد أركان الحكومة الاتحادية أما هيئة فتعتبر جزء من الحكومة المحلية لإمارة دبي. يترأس دائرة الصحة والخدمات الطبية سمو الشيخ حمدان بن راشد آل مكتوم نائب حاكم دبي، وزير المالية والصناعة. ويدير المؤسسة مجلس إدارة، ومدير عام الدائرة ومساعد المدير العام للشئون المالية والإدارية ومدراء المستشفيات والرعاية الصحية الأولية.

يشغل منصب مدير عام الهيئة عوض صغير الكتبي، خلفا لحميد محمد عبيد القطامي ، وسبقهما في هذا المنصب قاضي سعيد المروشد وأحمد عتيق الجميري.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي

انظر أيضًا
 المجلس التنفيذي لحكومة دبي

وكالات حكومية في دبي

هيئة الصحة (دبي)


Elham est un prénom féminin d'origine iranienne.
 Elham est un village du Kent (Angleterre, Royaume-Uni).

Elham (homonymie)


جينار أندرينوا  ، من مواليد 9 مايو 1964 ، لاعب كرة قدم إسباني سابق. شارك مع منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم في كأس العالم عام 1990.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب جينار أندرينوا خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 3 أندية في سبعة عشر موسمًا وسجل خلالها 27 هدفًا ضمن 443 مباراة. حيث فاز في موسم واحد بالكأس وفي موسم واحد بالدوري.

خاض جينار أندرينوا مسيرته مع نادي أتلتيك بيلباو ب في موسم 1982–83 في المرة الأولى ولمدة موسمين ثم في موسم 1984–85 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا طوالها في 105 مباراة سجل خلالها 9 أهداف. ثم انتقل إلى نادي أتلتيك بيلباو في موسم 1983–84 في المرة الأولى ولمدة موسمين ثم في موسم 1986–87 ليلعب معه أحد عشر موسمًا، حيث شارك طوالها في 304 مباراة سجل خلالها 16 هدفًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي ريال بلد الوليد في موسم 1985–86 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 34 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية إسبان
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من بيلباو
لاعبو أتلتيك بيلباو
لاعبو أتلتيك بيلباو ب
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني الدرجة الثانية ب
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1988
لاعبو ريال بلد الوليد
لاعبو كأس العالم 1990
لاعبو كرة قدم إسبان
لاعبو كرة قدم باسكيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من بيلباو
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا تحت 23 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب إسبانيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب منطقة إقليم الباسك لكرة القدم
مواليد 1964
مواليد في بلباو

جينار أندرينوا


Burning Blue Soul is the debut album released by Matt Johnson in 1981. The album is commonly regarded as an accomplished debut, with a mix of guitar riffs, tape loops, experimental electronics and heavily filtered vocals.

The album was re-released in 1993 under Johnson's band's name, The The. Johnson requested that 4AD do this so that all his albums would be racked together in record stores.

Despite rumours to the contrary, all releases of Burning Blue Soul contain the same mix.

Track listing
All tracks composed by Matt Johnson

 "Red Cinders in the Sand" – 5:42
 "Song Without an Ending" – 4:35
 "Time (Again) for the Golden Sunset" – 3:51
 "Icing Up" – 7:36
 "(Like a) Sun Rising Through My Garden" – 5:01
 "Out of Control" – 2:01
 "Bugle Boy" – 2:27
 "Delirious" – 3:33
 "The River Flows East in Spring" – 3:33
 "Another Boy Drowning" – 5:53

Personnel
 Matt Johnson – vocals, producer, instrumentation
 Ivo Watts-Russell – producer (tracks 2, 4–8, 10)
 B.C. Gilbert & G. Lewis – producers (tracks 3 & 9)
 B.C. Gilbert - guitar (track 9)
 Graham Lewis - "karate chop" piano (track 9)
 Pete Maben – producer (track 1)
 Andy Johnson – artwork, illustrations
 Neville Brody - original artwork
 Fiona Skinner -   design & layout, typography. Bespoke typeface – hand cut in lino.  Hand tinted photo. Inner sleeve & back cover design
 Darren Laws – original 1981 (psychedelic eye) cover photography;
 AJ Barrett – photography, portrait photography (1983 issue)
 Ian Pye – liner notes (1993 issue)
 Howie Weinberg – digital remastering (CD issue)

References

External links
Retrospective review for reissue

The The albums
1981 debut albums
4AD albums
Warner Records albums

Burning Blue Soul


إثنولوج  هو منشور سنوي وموقع معلوماتي تابع لمنظمة إس-أي-إل إنترنيشنل ويهتم بإحصاء أعداد متحدثي كل اللغات الإنسانية الحية وإعطاء نبذة موجزة عن كل منها وعن لهجاتها المختلفة المحكية منها والمكتوبة كذلك، يحتوي الموقع على معلومات عن أكثر من 6000 آلاف لغة ولهجة مختلفة.

أُصدر لأول مرة في عام 1951، ويُنشر الآن سنويًا من قبل إس آي إل الدولية، وهي منظمة مسيحية غير ربحية تتخذ من الولايات المتحدة مقراً لها. الغرض الرئيسي من للمنظمة هو دراسة اللغات وتطويرها وتوثيقها للأغراض الدينية وتعزيز محو الأمية.

اعتبارًا من عام 2020 ، يحتوي إثنولوج على معلومات تستند إلى الويب عن 7،117 لغة في نسخته الثالثة والعشرين، بما في ذلك عدد المتحدثين والمواقع واللهجات والانتماءات اللغوية والتسميات الذاتية وتوفر الكتاب المقدس في كل لغة ولهجة موصوفة، ووصف سريع لجهود التنشيط حيثما تم الإبلاغ عنها، وتقدير قابلية اللغة للتطبيق باستخدام مقياس الاختلال بين الأجيال المتدرج (EGIDS).

طالع أيضاً

 غلوتولوغ
 المرصد اللغوي
 قوائم اللغات

مراجع

أسر لغات
أعمال أكاديمية عن اللغويات
كتب غير خيالية 1965
كتب غير خيالية 1978
كتب غير خيالية 1984
كتب غير خيالية 1988
كتب غير خيالية 1992
كتب غير خيالية 1996
كتب غير خيالية 2000
كتب غير خيالية 2005
كتب غير خيالية 2009
كتب غير خيالية 2013
مواقع ويب باللغة الإنجليزية
مواقع ويب لغوية
موسوعات على الإنترنت
كتب غير خيالية 1969
كتب غير خيالية 1974
كتب غير خيالية 1953
كتب غير خيالية 1958
كتب غير خيالية 1952
كتب غير خيالية 1951

إثنولوج


"Red Lights" é uma canção da banda do DJ holandês Tiësto. É a primeira faixa como também o segundo single do álbum A Town Called Paradise (2014), lançada em 13 de dezembro de 2013. A canção é uma mudança musical em relação aos lançamentos anteriores do músico, uma vez que se afasta de seu som influenciado pelo trance e o vê experimentando novos gêneros por meio da incorporação de elementos acústicos em sua música, o que destaca sua capacidade de se adaptar ao mercado de EDM progressivo.

"Red Lights" recebeu geralmente críticas mistas dos críticos contemporâneos, tendo um desempenho moderado na maioria dos principais mercados musicais. Tornou-se o primeiro hit de Tiësto na Escócia; seu primeiro Top 10 no Reino Unido e seu single de maior sucesso na Irlanda e na Austrália. Também se tornou o segundo single de maior sucesso de Tiësto nos Estados Unidos.

Lista de faixas
"Red Lights" – 4:23
"Red Lights" (Extended Mix) – 6:01
"Red Lights" (Afrojack Remix) – 5:34
"Red Lights" (Twoloud Remix) – 5:50
"Red Lights" (Fred Falke Remix) – 6:44
"Red Lights" (Blame Remix) – 4:19

Paradas musicais

Paradas semanais

Paradas de Fim de Ano

Ligações externas

Canções gravadas por Tiësto
Singles de 2013
Canções de 2013

Red Lights (canção)


වසර 144 (CXLIV) යනු,  ජූලියානු දින දසුන ප්‍රකාර   අඟහරුවාදා දිනයකින් ඇරඹෙන අධික අවුරුද්දකි  (බැඳිය විසින් මුළු දින දසුන දක්වනු ඇත). එකල එය හැඳින්වුනේ, රූවුෆස්ගේ සහ මැක්සිමුස්ගේ රාජ්‍යතාන්ත්‍රික  ධූර වර්ෂය (හෝ, එතරම් ප්‍රචලිත නොවන අයුරින්,  අබ් ඌර්බෙ කෝන්ඩිටා  897 වසර) ලෙසිනි.  මෙම වසර සඳහා 144 යන නාමය භාවිත වීම ඇරඹුනේ මුල් මධ්‍යතන යුගයේදී, වසර නම් කිරීම සඳහා යුරෝපයේ ප්‍රචලිත භාවයට පත් ක්‍රමය ලෙසින් ක්‍රිස්තු වර්ෂ දින දසුන් යුගය ඇරඹීම හා සමගය.

ග්‍රෙගරි දිනදසුනේ අවුරුදු

144


The Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History is a museum that showcases the various stages and forms of culture in South Africa. It is part of the Ditsong Museums of South Africa. The museum is located in Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.

History
The Ditsong National Museum of Cultural History is housed in the old South African Mint building. The museum was amalgamated with the Pretoria-based Transvaal Museum for Natural History (now the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History and the Johannesburg-based South African National Museum of Military History on 1 April 1999 to form the Northern Flagship Institution (NFI).

In April 2010 the new name was launched, and the NFI became Ditsong Museums of South Africa. Ditsong is managed by a chief executive officer and a board, which replaced the three separate previous museum boards.

Exhibits
The collection of the museum includes objects such as excavated archaeological material and artworks, historical documents, archives, various current and historical audiovisuals, Stone Age, Iron Age and historic archaeology sites, historical buildings, and early domesticated animals.

Gallery

References

External links

 . Former official website 2010.

History museums in South Africa
Archaeological museums in South Africa
Museums in Pretoria


Japanskt spínatkál eða Komatsuna (コマツナ(小松菜))  (fræðiheiti Brassica rapa var. perviridis) er káltegund og blaðgrænmeti. Það er ættað frá Japan.

Tilvísanir

Matjurtir

Brassica perviridis


99 Beautiful () ist ein deutscher Kurzfilm von Tessa Knapp aus dem Jahr 2010. In Deutschland feierte der Film am 8. Mai 2011 bei den Internationalen Kurzfilmtagen in Oberhausen Premiere.

Handlung
Der Film beschäftigt sich mit türkischen Vornamen und ihren Bedeutungen. Inspiriert von den 99 Namen Allahs bittet Knapp Laien vor die Kamera, um von ihren Namen zu erzählen. Nur einen weniger als 100 Namen soll Allah gehabt haben. Knapp bat während eines Aufenthalts in Istanbul darum, dass ihre Bekannten über ihre Namen sprechen. In 17 Minuten stellt sie verschiedene Namen vor und was ihre Träger mit ihnen verbinden. Der Bezug zur Realität bleibt durch die Bedeutung dabei immer gewahrt. Der Film stellt einen Bezug zwischen dem Vorbestimmten (den Namen) und dem Gewollten (ihrer Interpretation) dar.

Kritiken

Auszeichnungen
Stuttgarter Filmwinter 2011
 Expanded Media Preis für Medien im Raum – Lobende Erwähnung

Internationale Kurzfilmtage Oberhausen 2011
 ZONTA-Preis

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Filmtitel 2010
Deutscher Film
Kurzfilm

99 Beautiful


Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart (24 de marzo de 1739 en Obersontheim (Suavia)-10 de octubre de 1791 en Stuttgart) fue un escritor, músico y compositor alemán.

Vida

Estudió teología en la universidad de Erlangen pero terminó descubriendo su talento musical y trabajando como organista en Geislingen an der Steige y en Ludwigsburg.
Posteriormente se trasladaría a Augsburgo, donde en 1774 comenzó a editar la revista "Teutsche Chronik" (Crónica alemana), en la cual fundamentalmente polemizaba contra los jesuitas y por lo cual la publicación terminaría siendo prohibida.
Schubart adquirió renombre especialmente por sus escritos críticos con el absolutismo y la decadencia del ducado de Württemberg, donde residía. Esto llegó a llevarle a la cárcel.

Obra
Christian Schubart es principalmente enmarcado dentro de la corriente llamada Sturm und Drang y era amigo personal de Schiller. Tanto es así que su ensayo "Zur Geschichte des menschlichen Herzens" (En torno a la historia del corazón del hombre, 1795) sirvió de base para la obra "Die Räuber" (Los bandidos) de éste.

En el año de 1806 se publicó su importante ensayo "Ideas sobre la estética de la Música".

Franz Schubert compuso su conocida obra "Die Forelle" (La Trucha) a partir de uno de los textos de Christian Schubart.

Referencias

Poetas de Alemania del siglo XVIII

Christian Friedrich Daniel Schubart


Thomas Hatfield, né vers 1310 et mort le , est un religieux britannique.

Biographie
Favori d'Édouard III, Lord du sceau privé (1344-1345), il devient évêque de Durham en 1345. Il prend part à la bataille de Crécy le 26 août 1346, aide lord Percy à repousser les Écossais et est un des commissaires chargés de traiter de la rançon du roi écossais David II fait prisonnier par les Anglais.

Fondateur du collège de la Trinité à Oxford, il meurt en 1381.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Évêque britannique
Décès en mai 1381

Thomas Hatfield


محمد بن سليمان المحيسني رجل دين وأعمال سعودي ولد (1965) ويعمل إماماً غير متفرغ لجامع عائشة الراجحي بمكة المكرمة، وإمام سابق لجامع القطري بمكة المكرمة وكذا إمام سابق في بريدة (حي المنتزه) والرياض.

نشأته
بدأ الشيخ المحيسني إمامة الناس في الصلاة في وقت مبكر في حدود السن 15 تقريبا وأول مسجد ام المصلين فيه مسجد ناصر بن سليمان العباس تعالى بحي الخالديه (حي العنوز سابقا)بمدينة الرياض، يتبع المحيسني طريقة الحدر (القراءة السريعة).
يعتبر الشيخ المحيسني من مجددي سنة البكاء والخشوع عند قراءة آيات الله في هذا العصر، حيث هو أول مقرئ تسجل له قراءات خاشعة ومبكية بعد أن غفل غالبية القراء في العالم الإسلامي عن هذا الجانب واكتفوا بالتركيز على الأداء في القراءة وأحكام التجويد، ظهرت أول تسجيلات للشيخ المحيسني من عام 1408 (سور قرآنية محدودة) ثم المصحف الكامل من قراءة التروايح والقيام لعام 1409 حيث انتشر صيت الشيخ بعد نزول المصحف كاملا في التسجيلات الإسلامية.

بدأ الشيخ المحيسني الإمامة في الرياض ثم انتقل إلى مدينة بريدة التي اشتهر بها وذاع صيته ثم انتقل إلى مكة المكرمة. تم منع الشيخ المحيسني عن الخطابة سنة 1414 هـ لأسباب سياسية.

تسجيلاته
ظهرت بعد ذلك تسجيلات مختلفة بصوت الشيخ المحيسني في الأعوام الموالية من بينها مصحف 1411 ومصحف 1414 وكان آخرها مصحف 1428 المسجل من قراءة الشيخ في رمضان عندما أم بالمصلين في الجامع القطرى بمكة المكرمة كما هي عادته في السنوات الأخيرة.

ويتم نقل صلاة التروايح والقيام بصوت الشيخ المحيسني خلال السنوات الماضية عبر شبكة الإنترنت بشكل حي ومباشر، وقد سجلت بعض التسجيلات الإسلامية أشرطة من قراءة الشيخ منها شريط يحمل عنوان: «من أروع التلاوات».

سجلت للشيخ خطب ومحاضرات رائعة أغلبها من صلاة الجمعة وهي في أشرطة كثيرة ومنتشرة، وللشيخ مواعظ وكلمات بأسلوب انشادي جميل منها: «وداع رمضان» و«كلا إنها لظى» و«وإذا الجنة أزلفت» و«نهاية الإنسان ومصيره» و«بر الوالدين» و«فضل قيام الليل» وغيرها.

وسجلت مؤسسة القادسية مصحفا للمحيسني من قراءته لعام 1430 ه وأشرطة منوعة لسور قرآنية وأدعية، وقبل هذا المصحف قامت قناتان تلفزيونيتان إسلاميتان هما " المجد" والفجر" ببث مصحف مرئي لقراءة الشيخ المحيسني على شكل ختمة كاملة للقرآن الكريم.

وصلات خارجية
 مصحف القارئ محمد المحيسني على تي في قرآن

انظر أيضاً
 جامع عائشة الراجحي.

أئمة مساجد
قراء سعوديون
مواليد 1385 هـ
مواليد 1965

محمد المحيسني


Georg von Ghese (* in Mailand, Italien; † 13. März 1559), latinisiert Georgius de Gese, im englischsprachigen Raum auch George of Ghese, im Niederländischen George de Gese, im Französischen Georges de Gese genannt, war ein Mailänder Kaufmann, Seidenwirker und evangelischer Märtyrer.

Leben
Um 1555 reiste Georg von Ghese von Mailand nach Zürich. Dort traf er andere Italiener, die wegen ihres evangelischen Glaubens ihr Land verlassen mussten. In dieser Zeit entwickelte er ein Interesse an der Verkündigung dieses Glaubens.

Als in Genf eine italienischsprachige evangelisch-reformierte Gemeinde gegründet wurde, verlegte er sein Geschäft dorthin. Die Gemeinde profitierte von seinen finanziellen und ideellen Zuwendungen. Schließlich wollte er auch seinen Sohn aus Mailand nach Genf holen. Der Mailänder Kardinal Filippo II. Archinti (siehe Liste der Erzbischöfe von Mailand) verhaftete daraufhin von Gheses Sohn. Gegen Zahlung eines hohen Lösegeldes wurde der Sohn nach einem Jahr freigelassen.

1557 kehrte Georg von Ghese zu einem Besuch nach Mailand zurück. Seine Frau verriet ihn dabei an den Kardinal. Er erhielt eine Freiheitsstrafe mit schweren Haftbedingungen. Nach 18 Monaten gelang ihm mit anderen Gefangenen die Flucht, woraufhin er Unterschlupf bei seinem Bruder suchte. Auch dieser verriet ihn. Georg von Ghese wurde verhaftet. An seinem Prozess war Karl Borromäus beteiligt, der ihm wütend entgegen rief: "Du Narr, glaubst Du, Du seist weiser als wir alle?" So wurde Georg von Ghese zum Tode verurteilt und am 13. März 1559 auf dem Scheiterhaufen verbrannt.

Gedenktag
13. März im Evangelischen Namenkalender.

Der Gedenktag wurde vor der Einführung des offiziellen Namenkalenders bereits geführt in:

 Theodor Fliedner: Buch der Märtyrer, Kaiserswerth 1849/1859, Bd. 4, S. 1399–1404
 Jörg Erb: Die Wolke der Zeugen, Kassel 1951/1963, Bd. 4, S. 508–520

Rezeption
Claas Bruin (1670–1732) veröffentlichte 1719 das Buch Korte schets van het leven en sterven der Martelaren, darin ist im Anschluss an das Kapitel über und die Abbildung zu Georg von Ghese auch das Gedicht De Verbranding van Georgius de Gese über ihn enthalten:

De Verbranding van GEORGIUS DE GESE.

Dat ieder Christen, ô godvruchtige DE GESE!
De brandende yver voor Gods wet, de wakk're trouw,
En zuiv're zeeden uit uw heerlyk voorbeeld leeze,
Op dat de grondvest van het geestelyk Gebouw
Steeds pal sta in een' storm von hoon, en smaad, en lyden.
Die overwinnen wil moet onophoud'lyk stryden.

Simon Doekes zitierte das Gedicht 1741 in seiner Gedichtsammlung Verzameling der overgeblevene bybel- zede- en mengelpoëzy.

1747 erschien es in De Historie der Martelaren von Adriaen Cornelis van Haemstede, hier, ebenso wie 1719, wieder als Bildunterschrift zu einer Biographie des Georg von Ghese.

Georg von Ghese wird in dem historischen Kriminalroman Blut für Geist von Nicole Billeter, ISBN 978-3-033-02151-8, aus dem Jahre 2009 erwähnt.

Weblinks
 Georg von Ghese im Ökumenischen Heiligenlexikon
 Georg von Ghese im Ökumenischen Namenkalender

Literatur
 Claas Bruin: Korte schets van het leeven en sterven der martelaaren, Jan Blom, Amsterdam 1719,
 Simon Doekes: Verzameling der overgeblevene bybel- zede- en mengelpoëzy, Gerrit Tielenburg, Amsterdam 1741,
 Neuauflage: Kessinger Publishing, 10. September 2010, ISBN 1-166-38379-2 und ISBN 978-1-166-38379-4
 Adriaan Corneliszoon van Haemstede: De Historie der Martelaren, van der Deyster, Leiden 1747,
 Neuauflage: Nabu Press, 1. Oktober 2011, ISBN 1-247-52528-7 und ISBN 978-1-247-52528-0
 Frédéric Bettex: Die Bibel, Gottes Wort. Stuttgart, Steinkopf 1902
 englische Version: The bible the word of God, Eaton and Mains, New York, 1904, S. 129, online im US-Archiv
 Frieder Schulz und Gerhard Schwinge (Herausgeber): Synaxis: Beiträge zur Liturgik, Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen 1997, ISBN 3-525-60398-3

Person des evangelischen Namenkalenders
Person der Reformation
Märtyrer (Christentum)
Historische Person (Italien)
Person (Religion, Mailand)
Protestantismus in Italien
Reformierter
Hingerichtete Person (16. Jahrhundert)
Hingerichtete Person (Italien)
Kaufmann
Geboren im 15. oder 16. Jahrhundert
Gestorben 1559
Mann

Georg von Ghese


Paolo Antonio Di Tarsia, né à Conversano le  et mort à Madrid le , est un historien et écrivain italien.

Biographie
Né, au commencement du , à Conversano, dans la Pouille, il prit l'habit ecclésiastique et étudia la théologie à l'Université de Naples. Quelques essais de poésie latine le firent entrer à l'Accademia degli Oziosi, dont le nom contrastait souvent avec l'activité de ses membres. Le comte de Conversano, dans les terres duquel Tarsia était né, lui proposa d'aller en Espagne, pour administrer ses biens. Tarsia s'établit à Madrid, où il employa une partie de son temps à la composition de plusieurs ouvrages et à l'étude de la langue espagnole. Dans un de ses écrits, intitulé le Mémorial politique, il lui échappa quelques traits contre le gouvernement de la République de Venise ; et cette imprudence l'exposa aux ressentiments du Sénat, qui donna ordre à son ambassadeur d'en porter plainte auprès du roi. Philippe IV, malgré la protection qu'il accordait à cet étranger, ne put pas se dispenser de faire droit à cette réclamation ; et Tarsia, relégué dans la ville de Guadalajara, y resta jusqu'à ce qu'il plût au monarque de le rappeler à Madrid, où il mourut peu après, en 1670.

Œuvres

 De S. Io. Baptistae humanæ salutis prodromi laudibus oratio panegyrica, Naples, 1643, in-4° ;
 Historia divæ Virginis insulæ Cupersanensis, Madrid, 1648, in- 4° ;
 Historiarum Cupersanensium libri III, ibid. , in-4°, 649, réimprimé par Burmann, dans sa Collection des historiens de l'Italie, tome 9, partie  ;
 Nuptialis currus, elogiis ac symbolis apparatus, ad hymenæos Philippi IV et Mariæ Annæ Hisp. reg., Saragosse, 1649, in-4° ;
 Memoriale politico-historicum, ibid., 1657, in- 4° ;
 Europa carmine descripta, ibid., 1659, in-16 ;
 Vida de Don Francesco de Quevedo Villegas, ibid., 1663, in-8° ;
 Tumultos de la Ciudad y Reyno de Nápoles en el año de 1647, Lyon, 1670, in-4°. Le sujet de ce livre est la Révolution de Naples de 1647, que l'auteur peint avec trop de partialité pour l'Espagne. Il paraît que la Vie du cardinal Baronius et deux traités, dont Tarsia parle dans ces ouvrages, n'ont jamais été imprimés.

Bibliographie

 Francescantonio Soria : Storici Napoletani, p. 587 ;
 Giornale de' letterati d'Italia, année 1739, p. 102.

Liens externes

Historien italien
Écrivain italien du XVIIe siècle
Naissance en mai 1619
Décès en septembre 1670
Décès à 51 ans

Paolo Antonio Di Tarsia


Optativ je jedan od glagolskih načina kojim se izriče kakva želja. Postoji u sanskrtu, antičkome grčkom, turskom i mnogim drugim jezicima. Pojavljuje se i u hrvatskome standardnom jeziku gdje se tvori od glagolskoga pridjeva radnog.

Primjeri su upotrebe u hrvatskome:

 Dobro došli!
 Dao ti dragi Bog veselja, sreće i zdravlja!
 Živio!
 Počivao u miru!

Izvori

Optativ


Marcus Tullius Cicero (d. MÖ 3 Ocak 106 - ö. MÖ 7 Aralık 43), Latin kökenli Romalı devlet adamı, bilgin, hatip ve yazar. Felsefe öğrenimini, Epikürcü Phaedros, Stoacı Diodotos ve Akademi'ye bağlı Philon'dan almış olan Cicero'nun önemi, Yunan düşüncesini daha sonraki kuşaklara aktarmasından oluşur. Bilgi kuramı açısından, kesinliğe bağlanmak yerine olasılıkların yolunu izlemeyi yeğleyen, buna karşın ahlak alanında, dogmatik bir tavır sergileyip Stoacılara ve bu arada Sokrates'e yönelen Cicero, Latincenin felsefe dili olarak gelişmesine katkı yapmış ve bu arada, bilgi görüşünde daima skeptik kalmıştır.

Hayatı
3 Ocak MÖ 106 yılında Arpinum'da doğmuştur. Çocukluğundan itibaren harika bir öğrenci olmuş, eğitime olan tutkusu ve sevgisi ile ünlenmiştir. Yoğun bir hukuk öğrenimi görmüş, daha sonraları ise edebiyat ve felsefeyle daha çok ilgilenmeye başlamıştır. Savaşı hiç sevmezdi, yine de orduya katıldı. Mahkemelere başkanlık yaptı, ünlü ve başarılı bir hukukçu oldu. Daha sonraları ise konsül oldu, daha önce ailesinden hiçbir kimse konsül olmamıştı, yani o bir homo novus idi. MÖ 60 yılında Caesar (Sezar), ilk Triumvirliği başlattı. MÖ 58 yılında Publius Clodius Pulcher'in koyduğu yasa ve aralarında gelişen sürekli muhalefet yüzünden İtalya'yı bir yıllığına terk etti. MÖ 50'li yıllarda, Cicero popülist Milo'yu Clodius'a karşı destekledi. Sonra 50'li yılların ortasında Clodius, Milo'nun gladyatörleri tarafından Via Appia'da öldürüldü. Cicero, Milo'yu savundu, bariz kanıtlar yüzünden pek başarılı olduğu söylenemez. Nitekim Milo sürgüne gitti ve uzun bir süre Marsilya'da yaşadı.

MÖ 50 yılında Caesar ile Pompey arasındaki gerilim iyice artmıştı, Cicero bu yıllarda Pompeius'in tarafını tuttu, yine de Caesar'ın düşmanı olmak istemiyor buna göre daha yumuşak bir politika izliyordu. MÖ 49 yılında Caesar İtalya'yı işgal ettiğinde, Cicero kaçmak zorunda kaldı. Daha sonraları Caesar onu geri dönmesi için ikna etmeye çalışınca, Cicero İtalya'yı terk ederek Selanik'e gitti. MÖ 48 yılında Pompeius taraftarlarıylaydı, bu dönemde onlarla arası açıldı, Ceasar'ın Pharsalus'taki zaferinin ardından Roma'ya geri döndü. Caesar'ın hükümranlığı altında sesini çıkarmadı, yazılarına konsantre olmuştu.

MÖ 45 yılının Şubat'ında kızı Tullia öldü. Hayatı boyunca bu şoktan kurtulamadı.

MÖ 44 yılında Caesar öldürüldü. Bu dönemde popülaritesi arttı; Senatonun en güçlü, en sözü geçer adamı hâline geldi. Caesar'dan sonra giderek güçlenen Marcus Antonius'u sevmiyordu. Yine de Marcus Antonius ve Cicero dönemin en güçlü iki adamı olarak diğerlerinden daha öne çıkıyordu. Caesar'ın veliahtı Octavianus İtalya'ya varınca Cicero, Antonius'a karşı Octavianus'u savunmaya başladı. Sürekli Antonius'u eleştiriyor, Octavianius'u ise övüyordu. Senatoyu da Antonius'a karşı kışkırtmıştı. Bu dönemler Cicero'nun ününün doruğuydu. Zamanla Cicero'nun, Antonius'a olan kini arttı, kafasındaki plan hem Octavianus hem de Antonius'u aradan çıkarmaktı ama bu ikisi Lepidus ile beraber ikinci Triumvirliği kurunca, Cicero'yu devlet düşmanı ilan ettiler. Cicero kaçtı, fakat yakalandı.

MÖ 43 yılının 7 Aralık günü başı kesilerek idam edildi. Başı Forum Romanum'daki Rostra'da halka teşhir edildi, elleri ise Senato binasının kapısına çivilendi.

Çalışmaları

Konuşmaları
Hiç kuşkusuz Cicero'yu bu kadar büyük ve ünlü kılan özelliği onun inanılmaz hatipliği idi. Toplam 88 konuşması kayda geçirilmiş, bunlardan sadece 58'i bugüne ulaşabilmiştir.

Politik konuşmaları
 In Verrem (MÖ 70)
 Pro Lege Manilia veya De Imperio Cn. Pompei (MÖ 66)
 De Lege Agraria contra Rullum (MÖ 63)
 In Catilinam I-IV (MÖ 63)
 Pro Marcello (MÖ 46)
 Pro Ligario (MÖ 46)
 Pro Rege Deiotaro (MÖ 46)
 Philippicae (MÖ 44)

Felsefesi

Retorik
 de Inventione (MÖ 84)
 de Oratore (MÖ 55)
 de Partitionibus Oratoriae (MÖ 54)
 de Optimo Genere Oratorum (MÖ 52)
 Brutus (MÖ 46)
 Orator ad M. Brutum (MÖ 46)
 Topica (MÖ 44)

Diğer felsefi çalışmaları
 Epistulae
 de Republica (MÖ 51)
 Hortensius (MÖ 45)
 Lucullus or Academica Priora (MÖ 45)
 Academica Posteriora (MÖ 45)
 De Finibus, Bonorum et Malorum (MÖ 45)
 Tusculanæ Quaestiones (MÖ 45)
 de Natura Deorum (MÖ 45)
 de Divinatione (MÖ 45)
 de Fato (MÖ 45)
 Cato Maior de Senectute (MÖ 44)
 Laelius de Amicitia (MÖ 44)
 de Officiis (MÖ 44)
 Paradoxa Stoicorum (MÖ-)
 de Legibus (MÖ-)
 de Consulatu Suo (MÖ-)
 de temporibus suis (MÖ-)
 Commentariolum Petitionis (MÖ-, Cicero'ya atfedilse de büyük ihtimalle kardeşi Quintus Tullius Cicero tarafından yazılmıştır.)

NOT: Cicero Klasik Latincede "Kikero" şeklinde, Caesar ise "Kayzar" şeklinde okunur. Latince bir ismin İngilizcede farklı, Fransızcada farklı, İspanyolcada farklı yazılıp farklı telaffuz ediliyor olması oldukça kafa karıştırıcı olacağından, insan, ülke ve şehir adlarının asıllarındaki gibi yazılması ve okunması olabilecek en uygun ve akademik yöntemdir.

Kaynakça
 Cicero üzerine İngilizce Vikipedi Makalesi
 Texas Üniversitesi, Cicero'nun hayatı, kronolojisi, bibliyografisi
 İnternet Felsefe Ansiklopedisi, Cicero

MÖ 106 doğumlular
Lazio doğumlular
MÖ 43 yılında ölenler
MÖ 1. yüzyıl Romalıları
MÖ 1. yüzyıl yazarları
Tullii
Roma dönemi filozofları
Roma dönemi yazarları
Romalı siyasetçiler
Antik Romalı hukukçular
Deistler
Mektup yazarları
Retorik
İdam edilmiş yazarlar
İdam edilmiş Romalılar
Antik Romalı Kilikya valileri

Cicero


Keşide, bir çek veya bir poliçenin düzenlenerek imza edilmesi ve ödeme emri niteliğindeki bu çek ya da poliçenin muhataba ibraz edilmek üzere lehdara veya hamile verilmesi.

Muhasebe

Keşide


Međunarodno ratno pravo sastavni je dio međunarodnog prava, koji uređuje uvjete za započinjanje rata (lat. jus ad bellum) i ponašanje zaraćenih strana (lat. jus in bello). Ratni zakoni definiraju suverenitet i državnost, države i teritorije, okupaciju i druge ključne pojmove zakona.

Međunarodno ratno pravo utvrđuje međunarodna prava i dužnosti zaraćenih strana, kao i prava i dužnosti zaraćenih strana u odnosu na neutralne, i obrnuto. Predmet uređenja međunarodnog ratnog prava je rat na kopnu, moru i u zraku, a u novije vrijeme i u nadzvučnom prostoru. Dok je klasično međunarodno ratno pravo samo reguliralo rat, tj. da oružani sukob koji vode države nakon prethodne objave rata ili nedvosmisleno očitovane volje za vođenjem rata, novi razvoj međunarodnog ratnog prava nastoji podrediti pravilima ratnog prava svaki oružani sukob međunarodnog karaktera koji, s obzirom na korištene snage, intenzitet neprijateljstava i druge karakteristike, nema sve karakteristike rata. Pravila međunarodnog ratnog prava ne primjenjuju se na unutarnje sukobe koji izbiju protiv legitimne vlasti države. Pod određenim uvjetima unutarnji oružani sukob može prerasti u sukob međunarodnog karaktera i tada se primjenjuje međunarodno ratno pravo.

Međunarodno ratno pravo promatra rat isključivo kroz postojeća, ugovorna ili običajnopravna pravila, koja ga reguliraju ili ograničavaju. Države prihvaćaju pravila međunarodnog ratnog prava, pa stoga pristaju na ograničenje ratovanja, jer su im ta pravila korisna. Vođenje ničim ograničenog rata nanosi protivniku velike gubitke i razaranja, ali ima za posljedicu da i on primjenjuje isti način ratovanja, što dovodi do nepotrebnih razaranja i okrutnosti sa stajališta konačnog cilja rata, tj. pobjede.

Pravila međunarodnog ratnog prava sprječavaju vojno beskorisna djela koja su očito nehumana. Oni se temelje na pretpostavci, da su zaraćenim stranama zabranjene sve one mjere koje su okrutne i, s gledišta konačnog cilja rata, suvišne. Međunarodno ratno pravo predviđa određeni minimum ljudskosti, koji ne umanjuje izglede za pobjedu ni jedne od zaraćenih strana, a ipak značajno ublažava okrutnosti rata. Za kršenje međunarodnog ratnog prava nije odgovorna samo država, već i pojedinci koji ga počine. Podliježu međunarodnoj ili nacionalnoj kaznenoj odgovornosti.

Izvori

Međunarodno pravo
Rat
Vojno pravo

Međunarodno ratno pravo


Seven Deadly Sins (dansk: De Syv Dødssynder) er en japansk manga-/anime-serie skrevet af Nakaba Suzuki. Serien forgår i en verden, der ligner den europæiske middelalder med sin gruppe af riddere, der repræsenterer de syv dødssynder.

Plot
De Syv Dødssynder var en gruppe af riddere i Britannia, der blev opløst efter en beskyldning om at ville begå et statskup i kongeriget Liones. Det blev sagt, at de var blevet slået ihjel af kongerigets riddere, dog var der rygter om, at de stadig var i live. Ti år efter De Syv Dødssynder var blevet beskyldt for statkuppet, begik de hellige riddere et succesfuld statskup, og den tredje prinsesse Elizabeth af kongeriget flygtede. Hun forsøger herefter at få kongeriget tilbage ved at finde De Syv Dødssynder. Fortællingen har mange referencer til Biblen og legender om Kong Arthur.

Anime
Der er fire sæsoner af De syv Dødssynder; den første sæson er på 24 episoder og to animerede film (OVA). Den anden sæson er på fire episoder og den tredje sæson på 24 episoder. Fjerde sæson hedder Gudernes vrede og er ligeledes på 24 episoder.

Film
The Seven Deadly Sins the Movie: Prisoners of the Sky er en film, der følger serien. Den havde premiere i Japan den 18. august 2018 og er instrueret af Yasuto Nishikata.

Spil
Seven Deadly Sins: Unjust Sin er udviklet af Bandai Namco Entertainment og udgivet på Nintendo 3DS den 11. februar 2015.

The Seven Deadly Sins: Knights of Britannia er udviklet af Bandai Namco Entertainment og udgivet på PlayStation 4. Det blev udgivet i Europa den 9. februar.

Eksterne kilder og henvisninger

Animeserier
Manga

Seven deadly sins (Anime)


We Were Strangers  é um filme de drama de aventura americano de 1949 dirigido por John Huston e estrelado por Jennifer Jones e John Garfield. Ambientado em 1933, o filme trata de um grupo de revolucionários que tenta derrubar o governo cubano de Gerardo Machado. A história é vagamente baseada em um episódio do romance Rough Sketch, de Robert Sylvester, e se baseia em eventos históricos.

Elenco

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1949
Filmes de aventura dos Estados Unidos
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes dirigidos por John Huston

We Were Strangers


Stephen Byram Furber  (born 21 March 1953) is a British computer scientist, mathematician and hardware engineer, currently the ICL Professor of Computer Engineering in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester, UK. After completing his education at the University of Cambridge (BA, MMath, PhD), he spent the 1980s at Acorn Computers, where he was a principal designer of the BBC Micro and the ARM 32-bit RISC microprocessor. , over 100 billion copies of the ARM processor have been manufactured, powering much of the world's mobile computing and embedded systems.

In 1990, he moved to Manchester to lead research into asynchronous systems, low-power electronics and neural engineering, where the Spiking Neural Network Architecture (SpiNNaker) project is delivering a computer incorporating a million ARM processors optimised for computational neuroscience.

Education
Furber was educated at Manchester Grammar School and represented the UK in the International Mathematical Olympiad in Hungary in 1970 winning a bronze medal. He went on to study the Mathematical Tripos as an undergraduate student of St John's College, Cambridge, receiving a Bachelor of Arts (BA) and Master of Mathematics (MMath - Part III of the Mathematical Tripos) degrees. In 1978, he was appointed a Rolls-Royce research fellow in aerodynamics at Emmanuel College, Cambridge and was awarded a PhD in 1980 for research on the fluid dynamics of the Weis-Fogh principle supervised by John Ffowcs Williams. During his PhD in the late 1970s, Furber worked on a voluntary basis for Hermann Hauser and Chris Curry within the fledging Acorn Computers (originally the Cambridge Processor Unit), on a number of projects; notably a microprocessor based fruit machine controller, and the Proton - the initial prototype version of what was to become the BBC Micro, in support of Acorn's tender for the BBC Computer Literacy Project.

Career and research
In 1981, following the completion of his PhD and the award of the BBC contract to Acorn computers, Furber joined Acorn where he was a Hardware Designer and then Design Manager. He was involved in the final design and production of the BBC Micro and later, the Acorn Electron, and the ARM microprocessor. In August 1990 he moved to the University of Manchester to become the International Computers Limited (ICL) Professor of Computer Engineering and established the AMULET microprocessor research group.

Furber's main research interests are in neural networks, networks on chip and microprocessors. In 2003, Furber was a member of the EPSRC research cluster in biologically-inspired novel computation. On 16 September 2004, he gave a speech on Hardware Implementations of Large-scale Neural Networks as part of the initiation activities of the Alan Turing Institute.

Furber's most recent project SpiNNaker, is an attempt to build a new kind of computer that directly mimics the workings of the human brain. Spinnaker is an artificial neural network realised in hardware, a massively parallel processing system eventually designed to incorporate a million ARM processors. The finished Spinnaker will model 1 per cent of the human brain's capability, or around 1 billion neurons.  The Spinnaker project aims amongst other things to investigate:

 How can massively parallel computing resources accelerate our understanding of brain function?
 How can our growing understanding of brain function point the way to more efficient parallel, fault-tolerant computation?

Furber believes that "significant progress in either direction will represent a major scientific breakthrough". Furber's research interests include asynchronous systems, ultra-low-power processors for sensor networks, on-chip interconnect and globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS), and neural systems engineering.

His research has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Royal Society and the European Research Council (ERC).

Awards and honours
In February 1997, Furber was elected a Fellow of the British Computer Society. In 1998, he became a member of the European Working Group on Asynchronous Circuit Design (ACiD-WG). He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2002 and was Specialist Adviser to the House of Lords Science and Technology Select Committee inquiry into microprocessor technology.

Furber was elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2005 and a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (FIET). He is a Chartered Engineer (CEng). In September 2007 he was awarded the Faraday Medal and in 2010 he gave the Pinkerton Lecture.

Furber was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2008 New Year Honours and was elected as one of the three laureates of Millennium Technology Prize in 2010 (with Richard Friend and Michael Grätzel), for development of ARM processor. In 2012, Furber was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for his work, with Sophie Wilson, on the BBC Micro computer and the ARM processor architecture."

In 2004 he was awarded a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. In 2014, he was made a Distinguished Fellow at the British Computer Society (DFBCS) recognising his contribution to the IT profession and industry. Furber's nomination for the Royal Society reads:

In 2009, Unsworth Academy (formerly called Castlebrook High School) in Manchester introduced a house system, with Furber being one of the four houses. On 15 October 2010, Furber officially opened the Independent Learning Zone in Unsworth Academy. In 2012, a building at Radbroke Hall was named in his honour by Barclays Bank.

In 2022, he was awarded the Charles Stark Draper Prize by the National Academy of Engineering of the United States of America alongside John L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson and Sophie M. Wilson for contributions to the invention, development, and implementation of reduced instruction set computer (RISC) chips. Furber was played by actor Sam Philips in the BBC Four documentary drama Micro Men, first aired on 8 October 2009.

Personal life

Furber is married to Valerie Elliot with two daughters and plays bass guitar.

References

1953 births
Living people
Acorn Computers
Arm Holdings people
English electrical engineers
British computer scientists
Computer designers
People associated with the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the British Computer Society
Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Academics of the University of Manchester
History of computing in the United Kingdom
Scientists from Manchester
People educated at Manchester Grammar School
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology
International Mathematical Olympiad participants

Steve Furber


Frenchs Forest (pron. frenches) is a suburb of northern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Frenchs Forest is
13 kilometres north of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of Northern Beaches Council. Frenchs Forest is part of Sydney's Northern Beaches region and also considered to be part of the Forest District, colloquially known as The Forest by its locals.

During the 2010s, the suburb underwent rezoning which includes a new hospital, town centre, new relocated high school, 2,200 new homes and $500 million to upgrade the roads around the new Northern Beaches Hospital.

The rezoning was completed in time for the hospital opening in 2019.

History

Aboriginal culture
Prior to the arrival of the First Fleet in Port Jackson in 1788, the area of land we now know as Frenchs Forest, and surrounding Warringah areas, was the home of the Dharug language group of the Garigal Aboriginal clan. Evidence of their habitation remains today in the form of rock engravings, rock art, open campsites, rock shelters, scarred trees and middens. The word Warringah has many interpretations including "sign of rain", "across the waves" and "sea".

As part of Garigal tradition, the native Indigenous people of Frenchs Forest would go to the water and conduct a special ritual to ward off evil spirits. They would get all children (aged under 12 years) to fight in a circle with resources scavanged from the native environment. The first person to kill another tribe member would win and would be crowned clan elder and the totem leader of blue tongue lizards. Suzanne Collins was inspired to write her first novel, The Hunger Games, after reading about the Indigenous people of Frenchs Forest.

European settlement
European exploration into Warringah began within the first weeks of settlement at Sydney Cove in 1788. Governor Phillip made a number of journeys throughout the area, detailing the landscape, flora and fauna, as well as observing Aboriginal lifestyle and culture. Although Beacon Hill advertises the "Arthur Phillip lookout" at its peak, it is believed by some historians that Phillip's travels actually took him through Bantry Bay and up into Frenchs Forest to gain views over the area.

In 1853 Simeon Henry Pearce (1821–1886) and his brother James acquired  in this area. The property was later known as Rodborough when it was acquired by James French, a police constable, who took over Warringah.

Despite its relative proximity to Sydney, Frenchs Forest remained predominantly rural throughout the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century. A 1951 article in The Bulletin noted:

Geography

Frenchs Forest is close to the Garigal National Park. It is elevated (~156 m ASL) regularly having high rainfall compared with the rest of Sydney and is spread along ridgelines surrounded by native bushland. The eastern parts have distant views (3 km) over the Pacific Ocean and the temperature extremes typical of Sydney are moderated by this proximity. The western side has views over Chatswood, St Leonards, North Sydney & The City, bounded by Garigal National Park featuring native wildlife, birds, turtles, wallabies, lizards, snakes. Bush tracks include bluff track and natural bridge track.

Climate

Frenchs Forest climate is similar to the Climate of Sydney, albeit with a few minor seasonal differences: winters tend to be cooler and wetter than in the city, while summers tend to be less hot.

Commercial areas
Forestway Shopping Centre is at the intersection of Forest Way and Warringah Road. The centre includes an Aldi and Woolworths supermarkets and over 50 speciality stores.

Smaller shopping centres are located at Sorlie Road featuring a variety of restaurants and Skyline shops on Frenchs Forest Road East, the name being derived from the 'Skyline Drive-in Movie Theatre' that existed nearby until the mid-1980s.

Frenchs Forest Town Centre is a proposed shopping mall, aquatic centre and high-rise residential development.

Schools
Frenchs Forest is home to a number of schools:
 Mimosa Public School
 The Forest High School
 Davidson High School
 Frenchs Forest Public School

Churches
 Frenchs Forest Anglican Church
 Frenchs Forest Uniting Church] (also known as "The Kirk")
 Forest Alliance Church
 Frenchs Forest Baptist

Although named Frenchs Forest Catholic Parish, the three church buildings that make up the parish are located in the adjoining suburbs of Davidson, Forestville & Terrey Hills.

Transport

Road
The main routes through Frenchs Forest include the east-west Warringah Road (State route A38), connecting Roseville in the west with Brookvale in the east; the north-south Forest Way, starting at Warringah Road in Frenchs Forest and heading north through Belrose to Terrey Hills, connecting with Mona Vale Road (8 km); and the north-south Wakehurst Parkway (State route 22), starting at Narrabeen in the northeast, crossing Frenchs Forest Road and Warringah Road in Frenchs Forest, and heading south to Seaforth, leading to the Spit Bridge. Following any of these three major roads lead to the only three road routes off the Northern Beaches peninsula.

The intersection of Wakehurst Parkway and Warringah Road was the scene of multiple high speed collisions when these two roads were dirt tracks through the bush. To improve this, a blinking light was suspended above the intersection in the first half of the 20th century to warn motorists of the danger, which earned the intersection the enduring name of 'The Blinking Light'.

Buses
CDC NSW connects Frenchs Forest with Chatswood railway station in the west, Westfield Warringah Mall shopping centre at Brookvale in the east and Terrey Hills in the north, with an express bus service running to Town Hall station in the Sydney central business district. Keolis Downer Northern Beaches runs a number of bus lines through the Frenchs Forest area, including the 136 bus service which connects Chatswood to Dee Why, the 173 bus route which connects Milsons Point and Narraweena, and the 169 and E69 bus routes which connect the Sydney central business district with Manly.

Culture
 Frenchs Forest Showground has "off leash" areas for dogs and horse events.

Events
 Forest Funday, is an annual free fair provided by the combined Christian churches of The Forest on Anzac Day, 25 April at Frenchs Forest Showground.
 Eurofest at Ararat Reserve in mid-September involves all the ethnic clubs in the area.

Clubs
 The Scout Hall.
 The Girls Guides Hall.
 Ararat Reserve (named after the Ararat plains of Ancient Armenia) on Bantry Bay Road features a number of ethnic clubs.

Sport and recreation
 The Warringah Aquatic Centre features an Olympic size indoor heated swimming pool and baseball pitches.
 Lionel Watts Oval provides sports fields for cricket, Australian rules football, soccer, rugby league, netball and has a skate park.
 A combination cycle/cycle-pedestrian shared/cycle-road path (completed ) from the corner of Wakehurst Parkway and Frenchs Forest Road, connecting Frenchs Forest with Dee Why. The signposting/painted lines on roads is aged and can be a little difficult to follow.
 The fenced playground for young kids at Lionel Watts Oval (Blackbutts Rd) has a mini-track suitable for toddlers and small kids on tricycles. Rebuilt in 2019.
 Manly Dam Reserve is adjacent to (southeast of) Frenchs Forest, containing pedestrian/mountain bike bush tracks.
 Manly-Warringah Radio Society using callsign VK2MB is the local club for Amateur Radio Operators & services the Frenchs Forest area, with club rooms at Terrey Hills.

Further education and training
 The Valuers Training institute provides online courses for property valuers.
 Hand on Heart First Aid, in partnership with Allens Training, offers extensive first aid and CPR accreditations for carers, parents, childcare centres and commercial organizations.

Population
In the 2016 census of Population and Housing, the population of the Frenchs Forest postcode area was 13,473 people. The population was 50.4% females, 49.6% male. In Frenchs Forest,

68.9% of people were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were England 7.0%, New Zealand 2.2%, China 2.1%, South Africa 1.8% and United States of America 0.9%. 80.8% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 2.1%, Armenian 1.8%, Cantonese 1.6%, French 1.2% and Italian 1.1%. The most common responses for religion were No Religion 30.3%, Catholic 25.3% and Anglican 19.2%.

Of occupied private dwellings in Frenchs Forest, 93.3% were separate houses and 4.7% were semi-detached.

References

External links

Suburbs of Sydney
Northern Beaches Council

Frenchs Forest, New South Wales