Lucie Désirée Arnaz (born July 17, 1951) is an American actress and singer. She is the daughter of actors Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz.

Early life
Arnaz was born at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles, California, the daughter of actors Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz, and is the sister of actor Desi Arnaz Jr.
She lived for a few years in New York City from the age of 10, and attended St. Vincent Ferrer School, along with her brother, and later attended the Roman Catholic Immaculate Heart High School in Los Angeles.

Career

Television
Having had walk-on roles on her mother's television series The Lucy Show, Arnaz made her acting debut in a continuing role in the series Here's Lucy from 1968 to 1974. She played Kim Carter, the daughter of the eponymous Lucy—who was played by Arnaz's real-life mother, Lucille Ball.

Arnaz branched out into television roles independent of her family from the mid-1970s. In 1975, she played murder victim Elizabeth Short in an NBC telefilm of Who Is the Black Dahlia?,
 and she starred with Lyle Waggoner and Tommy Tune in Welcome to the "World", The Wonderful World of Disney special commemorating the grand opening of Space Mountain at Walt Disney World in Orlando, Florida. In 1978, she appeared in an episode of Fantasy Island as a woman desperately trying to save her marriage. She has continued to make appearances in a number of popular television series over the years, including Murder, She Wrote, Marcus Welby, M.D., Sons and Daughters (CBS, 1991), and Law & Order.

Arnaz also had a short-lived series of her own, The Lucie Arnaz Show, on CBS in 1985. The reviewer for The New York Times described the show as "the always ingratiating Miss Arnaz as a psychologist who not only writes an advice column, but also takes calls from listeners on her own radio program."

Another eponymous series, this one a late-night-style talk show, aired for one season from 1995 to 1996. It was unsuccessful, but The Rosie O'Donnell Show would use the same format a year later to much greater success, prompting Arnaz's agent to pitch a revival that would not be picked up.

Arnaz won an Emmy Award in 1993 for Outstanding Informational Special for her documentary about her parents, Lucy and Desi: A Home Movie.

Theatre

Arnaz has had a lengthy career in musical theatre. In June 1978 she played the title role in Annie Get Your Gun at the Jones Beach Theatre on Long Island, New York. This was the first production at Jones Beach Theatre after the death of longtime producer Guy Lombardo. In 1981, she played the lead female role in Educating Rita at The Cape Playhouse in Dennis, Massachusetts.

She made her Broadway debut in February 1979 in the musical They're Playing Our Song. Arnaz won the Theatre World Award
 and the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Sonia Walsk. In 1986, she won the Sarah Siddons Award for her tour with Tommy Tune in the international company of the musical My One and Only.

She has numerous other theater credits, both in the United States and abroad: Seesaw (first national company, 1974), Whose Life Is It Anyway?, The Guardsman (Paper Mill Playhouse, Millburn, New Jersey, January 1984), The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True (Concert at Lincoln Center, 1995, televised), Sonia Flew (Coconut Grove Playhouse, Florida, April 2006), The Witches of Eastwick (London, Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, June 2000), Vanities (Mark Taper Forum, Los Angeles, 1976 as "Kathy"), Neil Simon's Lost in Yonkers (Broadway), Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (Broadway, May 23, 2006, to September 3, 2006), and Terence McNally's Master Class (Seacoast Repertory Theatre, Portsmouth, New Hampshire, April to May 1999).

In 2010, Arnaz performed (along with Raúl Esparza and Valarie Pettiford) in and directed Babalu: A Celebration of the Music of Desi Arnaz and his Orchestra. A Miami, Florida performance was given in July 2010.

She toured in Pippin in 2014, playing the role of Berthe, the title character's grandmother. She appeared on Broadway in Pippin, from October 9, 2014, to November 9, 2014.

Film
Arnaz made feature-film appearances, including The Jazz Singer (1980) in which she co-starred with Neil Diamond and Laurence Olivier. She earned a nomination for the 1981 Golden Globe Award, Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture. She also appeared in the 1982 comedy drama One More Try opposite her future husband, Lawrence Luckinbill.

Other works

 Arnaz was a Trustee on the Board of The American Theatre Wing for 15 years (1999–2014).
 In October 2008, Arnaz and longtime family friend, Hollywood columnist and Turner Classic Movies host Robert Osborne participated in a tribute to Arnaz's mother, Lucille Ball, at the Paley Center For Media in New York City. The program, "Lucie and Lucy: Lucie Arnaz Shares Treasures From The Family Video Collection", included a discussion between Osborne and Arnaz about Ball, and also focused on Ball's last long-running series, Here's Lucy (which was celebrating its 40th anniversary), as well as several of Ball's television specials and guest appearances during the 1970s, which Arnaz had recently donated to the Paley Center for Media.

Preserving Lucille Ball's legacy

 From about 2002 to 2007, Arnaz was the president of the board of directors of the Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center in Jamestown, New York. She resigned over a dispute with the executive director over the future direction of the Center.
 Arnaz appeared live on stage in Jamestown at the Reg Lenna Center for the Arts on August 3, 2012, to promote the Lucille Ball Festival of New Comedy in which new comedians are invited to perform. She gave tribute to both her parents and expressed a desire to further expand the Festival of New Comedy and expand the Jamestown, New York, Lucy Fest. Comedians who performed at the 2012 Festival of New Comedy included Billy Gardell, Paula Poundstone and Tammy Pescatelli. She gave the history behind the Lucy-Desi Museum and Lucy-Desi Playhouse, and the 2011 birthday centenary for Lucille Ball (which was recorded in the Guinness Book of World Records for the highest number of people dressed like Lucille Ball in one place at one time).
 At that time, Arnaz announced intent to start using the recently renovated Jamestown Train Station to further the mission and vision of the Lucille Ball Festival of New Comedy. Lucie Arnaz praised and appeared on stage with the new executive director of the Lucille Ball-Desi Arnaz Center and applauded her work and dedication to the festival. This work culminated in the opening of the National Comedy Center in Jamestown on August 1, 2018.

In 2021, Arnaz, along with her brother, served as an executive producer of the biopic Being the Ricardos, a film written and directed by Aaron Sorkin focusing on her parents' professional and personal relationship during the time of I Love Lucy.

Personal life
Arnaz was married to Philip Vandervort Menegaux from July 17, 1971, to April 1976. On  June 22, 1980, she married actor-writer Laurence Luckinbill. Luckinbill and Arnaz live in Palm Springs, California.

Arnaz and Luckinbill have three children: Simon, Joseph and Katharine Luckinbill. Luckinbill also has two sons from his previous marriage: Nicholas and Benjamin Luckinbill.

Arnaz attended an all-girls Catholic high school, mainly because of its drama program. She is a member of Unity.

Stage
 Once Upon a Mattress (Kenley Players, 1973)
 Seesaw (tour, 1974)
 Vanities (Los Angeles, 1976)
 Bye Bye Birdie (The Melody Top, 1977)
 Annie Get Your Gun (Jones Beach Theater, NY, 1979)
 They're Playing Our Song (Broadway, 1979)
 My One and Only (tour, 1986)
 Lost in Yonkers (Broadway, 1992)
 Wonderful Town (California, 1997 and 1999)
 Master Class (New Hampshire, 1999)
 The Witches of Eastwick (London, 2000)
 Dirty Rotten Scoundrels (Broadway, 2006)
 Pippin (Broadway and tour, 2014)

Filmography
 Billy Jack Goes to Washington (1976)
 The Jazz Singer (1980)
 Second Thoughts (1983)
 Down to You (2000)
 Wild Seven (2006)
 Smoking/Non-Smoking (The Pack – original title) (2011)
 The Thought Exchange (2012)

Television
Source: Archive of American Television:

 The Lucy Show (1962–1963) – Cynthia
 Password (1964) - episode "Lucille Ball vs. Lucie Arnaz" (S03E33). Herself at age 12.5, appearing alongside her mother, stepfather Gary Morton, and brother
 Here's Lucy (1968–1974) – Kim Carter
 Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (1972) Episode 604 – Herself
 The Wonderful World of Disney: Welcome to the "World" (1975)
 Who Is the Black Dahlia? (1975) – Elizabeth Short
 Marcus Welby, M.D. (1975)
 Death Scream (1975)
 Fantasy Island (1978)
 The Mating Season (1980, CBS)
 Washington Mistress (1982)
 One More Try (1982-CBS unsold pilot)
 The Lucie Arnaz Show (1985)
 Murder, She Wrote (1988)
 Who Gets the Friends? (1988, CBS)
 Sons and Daughters (1991, CBS)
 Abduction of Innocence: A Moment of Truth Movie (1996)<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/459296/Abduction-of-Innocence-A-Moment-of-Truth-Movie/ Abduction of Innocence"] tcm.com, accessed December 3, 2015</ref>
 Bonne Nuit (1999) as Patrice
 Law & Order – episode "Bitch", as Jackie Scott, a cosmetics mogul (2003)
 Will & Grace'' - episode "We Love Lucy", as Factory Boss (2020)

References

External links

 Official website

1951 births
Living people
Actresses from Los Angeles
American child actresses
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American television actresses
American radio actresses
American female dancers
20th-century American dancers
Lucie
Immaculate Heart High School (Los Angeles) alumni
Singers from Los Angeles
Hispanic and Latino American dancers
Hispanic and Latino American women singers
American entertainers of Cuban descent
American people of English descent
American people of French descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Scottish descent
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
20th-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American dancers

Lucie Arnaz


1990-91 තරගසමයේ දී ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ, ඉන්දියානු ක්‍රිකට් සංචාරය සමන්විත වූයේ එක් ටෙස්ට් තරගයකින් සහ තරග තුනකින් යුත් එක්දින තරගමාලාවකින්ය. ඉන්දියාව එකම ටෙස්ට් තරගය මෙන්ම එක්දින තරගාවලිය 2-1 ලෙස ජය ගත්තේය

ටෙස්ට්  තරගමාලාව

එකම ටෙස්ට් තරගය

එක්දින තරඟමාලාව

1 වන එදිජා

2 වන එදිජා

3 වන එදිජා

ක්‍රිකට්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ ක්‍රිකට්

ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමේ ඉන්දියානු තරග සංචාරය 1990


Modulacija (lat. modulatio, od modulari: mjeriti), u tehnici, je postupak kojim se neko svojstvo jedne fizičke veličine mijenja u skladu s promjenama druge veličine. U telekomunikacijskoj tehnici i tehnici automatskoga vođenja procesa modulacijom se prenose različite informacije i podatci. Modulacija se izvodi tako da se jedna od veličina (parametara) električnoga, zvučnog ili svjetlosnoga signala ili elektronskoga toka (općenito nazvanih prijenosnim signalom ili nosiocem) mijenja podudarno s podatcima koje valja prenijeti, predočenima modulacijskim signalom. Najveću primjenu ima modulacija električnoga signala. Modulacijom se informacijski signal nanosi na prijenosni signal one vrste koja je za određeni zahtjev najprikladnija.

Vrste modulacije
U radijskim komunikacijama (radiodifuzija) prijenosni je signal harmonijskoga, odnosno sinusnog oblika. Povijesno je najstarija modulacija amplitude ili amplitudna modulacija (engl. Amplitude Modulation, AM), pri kojoj se amplituda harmonijskih titraja visoke frekvencije mijenja u ovisnosti o razini modulacijskoga signala. Slično nastaju modulacija frekvencije ili frekvencijska modulacija (engl. Frequency Modulation, FM) i modulacija faze ili fazna modulacija (engl. Phase Modulation, PM) harmonijskih titraja. Za prijenos digitalnih podataka koriste se inačice sljedećih modulacijskih postupaka: diskretna modulacija amplitude, diskretna modulacija frekvencije i diskretna modulacija faze, a česte su i složenije diskretne modulacije: kvadraturna modulacija amplitude, modulacija minimalnim pomakom frekvencije i slično.

U radarskoj tehnici, mjernoj tehnici i drugom primjenjuje se modulacija impulsnoga signala, pa se modulacijskim signalom djeluje na amplitudu impulsa (modulacija amplitude impulsa), trajanje impulsa (modulacija širine impulsa), položaj impulsa (modulacija položaja impulsa) i tako dalje.

Radiodifuzija

Radiodifuzija je oblik neusmjerenih elektronskih radiokomunikacija s pomoću radijskih, televizijskih ili kabelskih mreža, namijenjenih velikomu broju korisnika koji ispunjavaju prijamne uvjete. Pojam se odnosi i na radiokomunikacijsku uslugu u kojoj je odašiljanje radijskih signala namijenjeno izravnomu javnom prijamu; može uključivati odašiljanje zvuka, televizijskoga signala i druge vrste odašiljanja. Radiodifuzija zvuka radiodifuzijska je usluga ograničena na radijske emisije, dok je radiodifuzija televizijskoga signala radiodifuzijska usluga koja uključuje slikovne (vizualne) emisije zajedno s pratećim zvukom. Radiodifuzijsko odašiljanje provodi se radioodašiljača smještenima na tlu i (ili) na umjetnom satelitu. U radiodifuziju pripada i kabelska distribucija, u kojoj se televizijske i radijske emisije distribuiraju mrežom kabela do utvrđenoga broja korisnika (pretplatnika).

Radioodašiljač

Radioodašiljač ili radiopredajnik je uglavnom tranzistor ili integrirani sklop (nekad elektronska cijev), takozvani elektronski oscilator, koji emitira neprigušeni val visoke frekvencije, i to tako da mu je stalna amplituda i frekvencija. Takav val se zove val nosilac. Da bi mogao prenijeti govor ili zvuk, to jest titranje niske frekvencije, treba na val nosilac djelovati tako da se na njemu izvrše promjene u ritmu zvučnih titraja. To se djelovanje na val nosilac vrši preko mikrofona. Ovakva superpozicija niskih, akustičnih ili audiofrekvencija valu nosiocu zove se modulacija. Osim amplitude možemo kod vala nosioca mijenjati frekvenciju i fazu, pa se time mogu postići razne vrste modulacije.

Radioprijamnik

Radioprijamnik ili radio prijamnik je elektronski uređaj sastavljen od niza elektroničkih sklopova s pomoću kojih se iz električnog signala, što ga u anteni inducira modulirani radioval, izdvaja (demodulira) i pojačava dio signala, odnosno informacijski signal koji sadrži željenu informaciju (radioodašiljač). Električni signal koji iz antene stiže u prijamnik izrazito je male električne snage pa ga treba pojačati i do nekoliko stotina tisuća puta kako bi se dobila snaga dovoljna za njegovu daljnju obradu.

Demodulacija
Obrnuti postupak, to jest izdvajanje podataka ili informacije iz moduliranoga signala i ponovno dobivanje izvornog oblika modulacijskoga, odnosno informacijskog signala, naziva se demodulacija.

Modulator
Modulator je sklop, najčešće elektronički, za ostvarivanje modulacije kojim se jedno od svojstava prijenosnoga signala mijenja u skladu s nekim drugim signalom. Izvedbe modulatora u velikoj mjeri ovise o vrsti prijenosnoga signala (sinusni oblik ili impuls) i o vrsti modulacijskoga signala (analogni signali kao na primjer govor ili slika, diskretni signali kao na primjer digitalni podatci).

Izvori

Telekomunikacije
Radio

Modulacija


Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals. Its parts include Taylor & Francis, Routledge, F1000 Research and Dovepress. It is a division of Informa plc, a United Kingdom–based publisher and conference company.

Overview

Founding
The company was founded in 1852 when William Francis joined Richard Taylor in his publishing business. Taylor had founded his company in 1798. Their subjects covered agriculture, chemistry, education, engineering, geography, law, mathematics, medicine, and social sciences.

Francis's son, Richard Taunton Francis (1883–1930), was sole partner in the firm from 1917 to 1930.

Acquisitions and mergers
In 1965, Taylor & Francis launched Wykeham Publications and began book publishing. T&F acquired Hemisphere Publishing in 1988, and the company was renamed Taylor & Francis Group to reflect the growing number of imprints. Taylor & Francis left the printing business in 1990, to concentrate on publishing. In 1998 it went public on the London Stock Exchange and in the same year bought its academic publishing rival Routledge for £90 million. Acquisition of other publishers has remained a core part of the group's business strategy. It merged with Informa in 2004 to create a new company called T&F Informa, since renamed back to Informa. Following the merger, T&F closed the historic Routledge office at New Fetter Lane in London, and moved to its current headquarters in Milton Park, Oxfordshire.

In 2017, T&F sold assets from its Garland Science imprint to W. W. Norton & Company and then ceased to use that brand.
In 2017, after collaborating for several years, T&F bought specialist digital resources company Colwiz. In January 2020, T&F bought open research publishing platform F1000.

Activities
In 2018 Informa PLC reported that Taylor & Francis publishes more than 2,700 journals, and about 7,000 new books each year, with a backlist of over 140,000 titles available in print and digital formats. It uses the Routledge imprint for its publishing in humanities, social sciences, behavioural sciences, law and education, and the CRC Press imprint for its publishing in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

As the academic publishing arm of Informa, Taylor & Francis Group accounted for 30.2% of group revenue and 38.1% of adjusted profit in 2017.
Taylor & Francis is generally considered the smallest of the 'Big Four' science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) publishers (Reed-Elsevier, Wiley-Blackwell, Springer, and Taylor & Francis). Informa (including the Taylor & Francis imprint) was ranked by Simba Information as the leading global academic publisher in the areas of humanities and social sciences, in Global Social Science & Humanities Publishing 2016-2020.

The company's journals are delivered through the Taylor & Francis Online website and its ebooks through the Taylor & Francis website.   Taylor & Francis offers Open Access publishing options in both its books and journals.
Its digital content services include Routledge Handbooks Online,
the Routledge Performance Archive, and the Routledge Encyclopedia of Modernism.

Taylor & Francis is a member of several professional publishing bodies including the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association, the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers, the Association of Learned & Professional Society Publishers and The Publishers Association.

Taylor & Francis is a signatory of the SDG Publishers Compact, and has taken steps to support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). These include replacing plastic with responsibly-sourced paper packaging to mail journals and achieving CarbonNeutral® publication certification for their print books and journals.

The old Taylor and Francis logo depicts a hand pouring oil into a lit lamp, along with the Latin phrase alere flammam – "to feed the flame [of knowledge]". The modern logo is a stylised oil lamp in a circle.

Company figures
The group has about 1,800 employees in at least 18 offices worldwide. Its head office is in Milton Park, Abingdon in the United Kingdom, with other offices in Stockholm, Leiden, New York, Boca Raton, Philadelphia, Kentucky, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Beijing, Shanghai, Taipei, Melbourne, Sydney, Cape Town, Tokyo and New Delhi.

Taylor & Francis reported a mean 2017 gender pay gap of 24.2% for its UK workforce, while the median was 8%. The fact that the average pay for women is significantly worse than the median pay (compared to men's) shows that women are underrepresented in the positions with the highest pay.

Evaluation and controversies
As of May 2022, 836 Taylor & Francis journals are listed in the Norwegian Scientific Index of which 753 have a rating of "level 1" (meets academic standard), 70 have a rating "level 2" (the highest level, indicating rigorous academic quality), one has a rating of "level X" (decision on rating in progress), and 13 have a rating of "level 0" (indicating non-academic quality).

Taylor & Francis has faced criticism for its use of author licensing agreements, and several of  their journals have been criticized or retracted papers due to concerns over review and publishing practices.

Journal protests
In 2013, the entire board of the Journal of Library Administration resigned in a dispute over author licensing agreements.

Academic practices
In 2016, Critical Reviews in Toxicology was accused by the Center for Public Integrity of being a "broker of junk science". Monsanto was found to have worked with an outside consulting firm to induce the journal to publish a biased review of the health effects of its product "Roundup".

In 2017, Taylor & Francis was strongly criticized for removing the editor-in-chief of International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, who accepted articles critical of corporate interests. The company replaced the editor with a corporate consultant without consulting the editorial board.

In 2017 as part of the Grievance studies affair hoax articles, the T&F journal Cogent Social Sciences accepted one of  "The conceptual penis as a social construct" that had previously been rejected by another Taylor & Francis journal, Norma: International Journal for Masculinity Studies, which suggested the study would be a good fit for Cogent Social Sciences. When the authors announced the hoax, the article was retracted. In 2018, another Grievance studies affair article "Human reactions to rape culture and queer performativity at urban dog parks in Portland, Oregon" was published in Gender, Place & Culture, which was also retracted later that year.

In December 2018, the journal Dynamical Systems accepted the paper Saturation of Generalized Partially Hyperbolic Attractors only to have it retracted after publication due to the Iranian nationality of the authors. The European Mathematical Society condemned the retraction and later announced that Taylor & Francis had agreed to reverse the decision. Previous instances of Taylor & Francis journals discriminating against Iranian authors were reported in 2013.

In 2022 there has been much debate about the Accelerated Publication service offered by Taylor & Francis for some of its biomedical journals. For $7,000, a scientist can expedite the peer review process and be published in as few as three weeks.

Manipulation of bibliometrics
Self-citation is a practise that can inflate the seeming prestige of a journal or group. In 2020, six T&F journals that exhibited unusual levels of self-citation, and as a consequence their journal impact factor suspended from Journal Citation Reports. An April 2022 article in the T&F journal Accountability in Research outlined some of the factors leading to consistent suspension from Journal Citation Reports.

Acquired companies and discontinued imprints

See also
Taylor & Francis academic journals

References

Further reading

External links

Academic publishing companies
Book publishing companies of the United Kingdom
Companies based in Oxfordshire
British companies established in 1852
Publishing companies established in 1852
Vale of White Horse
1852 establishments in England

Taylor & Francis


Bríet Ísis Elfar (f. 22. mars 1999), þekkt sem einfaldlega Bríet, er íslensk söngkona. Meðal þekktra laga hennar eru "Esjan", "Feimin(n)", "Rólegur kúreki", "Sólblóm", "Fimm", "Djúp sár gróa hægt" og "Flugdreki".

Ævi
Bríet fæddist í Reykjavík; foreldrar hennar eru Benedikt Elfar og Ásrún Laila Awad, en móðurafi hennar Ómar Ahmed Hafez Awad er af egypskum uppruna og flutti til Íslands árið 1965. Bríet stundaði nám við Laugarlækjarskóla og fór svo í Menntaskólann við Hamrahlíð.

Fyrsta lagið hennar, "In Too Deep", kom út 2018.

Bríet semur lög sín með Pálma Ragnari Ásgeirssyni, sem kenndur er við StopWaitGo og Rok-Records.

Platan Kveðja, Bríet kom út árið 2020. 8 lög af þeirri plötu náðu inn á Topp 10 lista Spotify á Íslandi.

Hún tók þátt í Jólagestum Björgvins árið 2020 en þar tók hún bæði lag sitt, Rólegur kúreki, og dúett með Loga Pedro, Úti er allt of kalt.

Breiðskífur
 22.03.99 (2018)
 Kveðja, Bríet (2020)

Smáskífur
 "In Too Deep" (2018)
 "Feimin(n)" (2018)
 "Hata að hafa þig ekki hér" (Samsung Sessjón) (2018)
 "Carousel" (feat. Steinar) (2018)
 "Dino" (2019)
 "Day Drinking" (2019)
 "Esjan" (2020)
 "Heyrðu mig" (2020)

Sem meðflytjandi
 Friðrik Dór & Bríet - "Hata að hafa þig ekki hér" (2018)
 Bubbi Morthens - "Ástrós" (feat. Bríet) (2021)

Tilvísanir

Íslenskir tónlistarmenn
Íslenskar konur

Bríet (söngkona)


Pilă voltaică, adesea numită și pila Volta, este prima baterie, un tip de pilă electrică inventată de Alessandro Volta în 1799. Această invenție constă dintr-o coloană verticală compusă dintr-o succesiune de un disc de cupru metalic - un disc de hârtie îmbibată în soluție salină - un disc de zinc (ansamblul numit celulă voltaică). La extremitățile coloanei era atașat câte un fir metalic între care se producea un curent electric continuu de joasă intensitate.

După inventarea sa, pila voltaică a oferit posibilitatea realizării unor experimente în domeniul electrochimiei, precum: descompunerea electrică a apei în elementele componente, oxigen și hidrogen (proces numit electroliză) de către William Nicholson și Anthony Carlisle (1800) și descoperirea și izolarea elementelor chimice sodiu (1807), potasiu (1807), calciu (1808), bor (1808), bariu (1808), stronțiu (1808) și magneziu (1808) de către Humphry Davy.

Electrochimie
Tensiunea electromotoare de contact dintre metalele (folosite pe post de) electrozi este datorată concentrației diferite a electronilor, aceasta producând un proces de difuzie a electronilor între cele 2 metale până la stabilirea unui echilibru termodinamic caracterizat prin apariția unei diferențe de potențial electric (localizate într-un strat subțire de la suprafața de contact dintre metale) care compensează efectul difuziei.

Forța electromotoare

Vezi și
 Baterie electrică
 Biobaterie
 Element galvanic
 Bateria de la Bagdad
 Condensator electric
 Pilă de combustie enzimatică
 Pilă de combustie
 Pilă Karpen
 Pilă Leclanché
 Celula Daniell
 Potențial termodinamic
 Supercondensator

Referințe

Bibliografie

Vasile Tutovan, Electricitate și magnetism, vol I, Editura Tehnică, 1984

Lectură suplimentară

Igor Tamm, Bazele teoriei electricității, Editura Tehnică, 1952, p. 206-219 (subcapitolul III.5)
 ***, Dicționar de fizică, Editura Enciclopedică Română, 1972

Baterii

Pilă voltaică


Tingvoll er sveitarfélag í Mæri og Raumsdalur í Noregi. Fjöldi íbúa í sveitarfélaginu 2.960 (2022).

Stjórnsýslumiðstöðin í Tingvoll sveitarfélaginu er þéttbýlið Tingvollvågen, sem er eina þéttbýlið í sveitarfélaginu.

Sveitarfélagið Tingvoll er staðsett á skaga (Tingvollhalvøya) og sveitarfélagið liggur að Sunndal í suðaustri.
Sveitarfélög í Mæri og Raumsdal

Tingvoll (sveitarfélag)


In mathematics, the barycentric subdivision is a standard way to subdivide a given simplex into smaller ones. Its extension on simplicial complexes is a canonical method to refine them. Therefore, the barycentric subdivision is an important tool in algebraic topology.

Motivation
The barycentric subdivision is an operation on simplicial complexes. In algebraic topology it is sometimes useful to replace the original spaces with simplicial complexes via triangulations: The substitution allows to assign combinatorial invariants as the Euler characteristic to the spaces. One can ask if there is an analogous way to replace the continuous functions defined on the topological spaces by functions that are linear on the simplices and which are homotopic to the original maps (see also simplicial approximation). In general, such an assignment requires a refinement of the given complex, meaning, one replaces bigger simplices by a union of smaller simplices. A standard way to effectuate such  a refinement is the barycentric subdivision. Moreover, barycentric subdivision induces maps on homology groups and is helpful for computational concerns, see Excision and Mayer-Vietoris-sequence.

Definition

Subdivision of simplicial complexes
Let  be a geometric simplicial complex. A complex  is said to be a subdivision of  if

 each simplex of  is contained in a simplex of
 each simplex of  is a finite union of simplices of

These conditions imply that  and  equal as sets and as topological spaces, only the simplicial structure changes.

Barycentric subdivision of a simplex
For a simplex  spanned by points , the barycenter is defined to be the point  . To define the subdivision, we will consider a simplex as a simplicial complex that contains only one simplex of maximal dimension, namely the simplex itself.  The barycentric subdivision of a simplex can be defined inductively by its dimension.

For points, i.e. simplices of dimension 0, the barycentric subdivision is defined as the point itself.

Suppose then for a simplex  of dimension  that its faces   of dimension  are already divided. Therefore, there exist simplices  covering . The barycentric subdivision is then defined to be the geometric simplicial complex whose maximal simplices of dimension  are each a convex hulls of  for one pair  for some , so there will be  simplices covering .

One can generalize the subdivision for simplicial complexes whose simplices are not all contained in a single simplex of maximal dimension, i.e. simplicial complexes that do not correspond geometrically to one simplex. This can be done by effectuating the steps described above simultaneously for every simplex of maximal dimension. The induction will then be based on the -th skeleton of the simplicial complex. It allows effectuating the subdivision more than once.

Barycentric subdivision of a convex polytope

The operation of barycentric subdivision can be applied to any convex polytope of any dimension, producing another convex polytope of the same dimension. In this version of barycentric subdivision, it is not necessary for the polytope to form a simplicial complex: it can have faces that are not simplices. This is the dual operation to omnitruncation. The vertices of the barycentric subdivision correspond to the faces of all dimensions of the original polytope. Two vertices are adjacent in the barycentric subdivision when they correspond to two faces of different dimensions with the lower-dimensional face included in the higher-dimensional face. The facets of the barycentric subdivision are simplices, corresponding to the flags of the original polytope.

For instance, the barycentric subdivision of a cube, or of a regular octahedron, is the disdyakis dodecahedron. The degree-6, degree-4, and degree-8 vertices of the disdyakis dodecahedron correspond to the vertices, edges, and square facets of the cube, respectively.

Properties

Mesh
Let   a simplex and define . One way to measure the mesh of a geometric, simplicial complex is to take the maximal diameter of the simplices contained in the complex.  Let  be an - dimensional simplex that comes from the covering of  obtained by the barycentric subdivision. Then, the following estimation holds:

. Therefore, by applying barycentric subdivision sufficiently often, the largest edge can be made as small as desired.

Homology
For some statements in homology-theory one wishes to replace simplicial complexes by a subdivision. On the level of simplicial homology groups one requires a map from the homology-group of the original simplicial complex to the groups of the subdivided complex. Indeed it can be shown that for any subdivision  of a finite simplicial complex  there is a unique sequence of maps between the homology groups   such that for each  in  the maps fulfills  and such that the maps induces endomorphisms of chain complexes. Moreover, the induced map is an isomorphism: Subdivision does not change the homology of the complex.

To compute the singular homology groups of a topological space  one considers continuous functions  where  denotes the -dimensional-standard-simplex. In an analogous way as described for simplicial homology groups, barycentric subdivision can be interpreted as an endomorphism of singular chain complexes.  Here again, there exists a subdivision operator  sending a chain  to a linear combination  where the sum runs over all simplices  that appear in the covering of  by barycentric subdivision, and  for all of such . This map also induces an automorphism of chain complexes.

Applications
The barycentric subdivision can be applied on whole simplicial complexes as in the simplicial approximation theorem or it can be used to subdivide geometric simplices. Therefore it is crucial for statements in singular homology theory, see Mayer-Vietoris-sequence and excision.

Simplicial approximation
Let ,  be abstract simplicial complexes above sets , . A simplicial map is a function  which maps each simplex in  onto a simplex in .  By affin-linear extension on the simplices,  induces a map between the geometric realizations of the complexes. Each point in a geometric complex lies in the inner of exactly one simplex, its support. Consider now a continuous map .  A simplicial map  is said to be a simplicial approximation of  if and only if each  is mapped by  onto the support of  in . If such an approximation exists, one can construct a homotopy  transforming  into  by defining it on each simplex; there, it always exists, because simplices are contractible.

The simplicial approximation theorem guarantees for every continuous function  the existence of a simplicial approximation at least after refinement of , for instance by replacing  by its iterated barycentric subdivision. The theorem plays an important role for certain statements in algebraic topology in order to reduce the behavior of continuous maps on those of simplicial maps, as for instance in Lefschetz's fixed-point theorem.

Lefschetz's fixed-point theorem
The Lefschetz number is a useful tool to find out whether a continuous function admits fixed-points. This data is computed as follows: Suppose that  and  are topological spaces that admit finite triangulations. A continuous map  induces homomorphisms  between its simplicial homology groups with coefficients in a field . These are linear maps between - vectorspaces, so their trace  can be determined and their alternating sum

is called the Lefschetz number of . If , this number is the Euler characteristic of . The fixpoint theorem states that whenever ,  has a fixed-point. In the proof this is first shown only for simplicial maps and then generalized for any continuous functions via the approximation theorem.

Now, Brouwer's fixpoint theorem is a special case of this statement. Let  is an endomorphism of the unit-ball. For  all its homology groups  vanish, and  is always the identity, so , so  has a fixpoint.

Mayer-Vietoris-Sequence
The Mayer- Vietoris- Sequence is often used to compute singular homology groups and gives rise to inductive arguments in topology. The related statement can be formulated as follows:

Let  an open cover of the topological space  .

There is an exact sequence

where we consider singular homology groups,   are embeddings and  denotes the direct sum of abelian groups.

For the construction of singular homology groups one considers continuous maps defined on the standard simplex . An obstacle in the proof of the theorem are maps  such that their image is nor contained in  neither in .  This can be fixed using the subdivision operator: By considering the images of such maps as the sum of images of smaller simplices, lying in  or  one can show that the inclusion  induces an isomorphism on homology which is needed to compare the homology groups.

Excision
Excision can be used to determine relative homology groups. It allows in certain cases to forget about subsets of topological spaces for their homology groups and therefore simplifies their computation:

Let  be a topological space and let  be subsets, where  is closed such that . Then the inclusion  induces an  isomorphism  for all

Again, in singular homology, maps  may appear such that their image is not part of the subsets mentioned in the theorem. Analogously those can be understood as a sum of images of smaller simplices obtained by the barycentric subdivision.

References

Algebraic topology
Geometric topology
Triangulation (geometry)
Simplicial homology

Barycentric subdivision


Robert Lane "Bob "Saget (17. maí 1956 – 9. janúar 2022) var bandarískur leikari og uppistandari.

Frá 1989 til 1997 var hann kynnir þáttarins America's Funniest Home Videos.

Saget, Bob
Saget, Bob

Bob Saget


Die Blasiuskapelle in Briach ist eine Kapelle im Weiler Briach in der Gemeinde Baienfurt im oberschwäbischen Landkreis Ravensburg.

Geschichte, Lage und Bauwerk
Im Jahre 1252 gelangte Briach in den Besitz der Abtei Weingarten. Die geostete Kapelle befindet sich, etwas versteckt mitten im Weiler Briach. Man erreicht sie über die Abzweigung von der Landstraße 314 auf der Höhe des Sterkshofes über die K 7949 in Richtung Köpfingen. Bauwerk und Grundstück der Kapelle gehören der Diözese Rottenburg-Stuttgart. Die Kapelle liegt zwischen einem Wohnhaus und einem landwirtschaftlichen Anwesen.

Im Chor der Kapelle finden sich Reste romanischen Mauerwerks. Ihre Entstehung fiel in die Auseinandersetzung zwischen den Welfen und Staufern um das Herzogtum Schwaben. Am Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts wurde die Kapelle maßgeblich verändert, nach Westen verlängert, die Fenster im Schiff - drei an der Längswand und eines am Westgiebel - wurden zu Rundbogenfenstern erweitert und eine flachere biberschwanzgedeckte Sakristei hinzugefügt. Die Sakristei im Osten hat drei Querovalfenster. Auf dem östlichen First befindet sich ein barocker Turmhelm mit Glocke. Die aus vergoldetem Blech bestehende Dachreiterspitze ist mit einem Heilig-Blut-Reliquiar im Strahlenkranz bestückt. In dem Dachreiter befindet sich ein Glockenstuhl nebst Glocke.

Die Blasiuskapelle wurde im Oktober 2013 von der Denkmalstiftung Baden-Württemberg als "Denkmal des Monats" ausgezeichnet.

Innenausstattung

Der aus der Spätgotik stammende Altar wurde im Jahre 1852 neu gefasst. Das Altarblatt zeigt eine Szene aus dem Leben des heiligen Blasius. Über den Altarskulpturen der Heiligen Agatha (links) und des heiligen Blasius befindet sich eine Mondsichelmadonna mit Kind aus dem Jahr 1520. Die Holzskulpturen links und rechts des Altars zeigen eine stehende Madonna mit Kind aus der ersten Hälfte des 16. Jahrhunderts in der Art von Multscher, ohne Schleier und eine 65 cm hohe  Blasiusfigur aus der ersten Hälfte des 14. Jahrhunderts. Die aus Laubholz geschaffene Blasiusskulptur ist somit eine der ältesten Figuren in Baienfurt.

Acht Tafelbilder befinden sich in der Kapelle. Sie befassen sich mit den Themen und Personen Kreuzigung. Kreuzabnahme, Marienkrönung, Schmerzensmutter, St. Nepomuk, St. Josef, Gnadenbild Mariahilf sowie Maria vom Blut.

Auf dem Bild der Schmerzensmutter sind die Namen dreier gefallener Soldaten verzeichnet. Die gesamte Ausstattung der Kapelle verweist auf den Besitzer der Kapelle, die ehemalige Abtei Weingarten und die Gründerfamilie des Klosters, die Welfen. Der einschiffige Saalbau wurde im Jahre 1980 renoviert und farblich ausgestattet mit weißen Wänden, grauen Stuckprofilen, rosa Kehlen und Spiegelflächen.

Am Blasiustag (3. Februar) findet eine Prozession der Kirchengemeinde Baienfurt zur Blasiuskapelle statt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Baienfurt
Kirchengebäude im Landkreis Ravensburg
Briach
Baienfurt
Baienfurt
Baienfurt
Blasiuskirche
Kirchengebäude in Europa
Kapelle in Baden-Württemberg

Blasiuskapelle (Briach)


485 (CDLXXXV) salı günü başlayan bir yıldır.

Olaylar
 Antakya patriği Peter Fullo Batı Romalı piskoposlar tarafından aforoz edildi.

Doğumlar
 Cassiodorus, Romalı devlet adamı ve keşiş

Ölümler
 17 Nisan - Proklos, Yunan filozof (d. 412)
 Asclepigenia, Atinalı filozof (d. 430)

485


Haliç Konferansı, 19 Mayıs 1924 tarihinde şu an Kuzey Saha Deniz Komutanlığı olan Bahriye Nezareti binasında, Musul meselesinin ve Türkiye ile Irak arasındaki sınırının çözüme kavuşturulması için Türkiye ile İngiltere arasında yapılan toplantılar silsilesidir.

Bu konferansta İngiltere Türkiye'den Hakkâri'ye kadar uzanan toprakları talep etmiştir.

Toplantılara Türkiye Cumhuriyeti adına Meclis Başkanı Ali Fethi Bey, Diyarbakır Mebusu Fevzi Bey, Ordu Mebusu Faik Bey, Hâricîye Hukuk Müşaviri Nusret Bey ve Yarbay İshak Avni Bey katılmış, İngiliz heyetine ise Sir Percy Cox başkanlık etmiştir.

Kaynakça

Musul
1924 konferansları

Haliç Konferansı


Leo Neuberger bio je hrvatski graditelj, projektant, arhitekt i građevinski poduzetnik židovskog porijekla.

Životopis
Od 1927. do 1941. vodi uspješnu građevinsku firmu u Zagrebu (u kojoj od 1927. do 1932. godine kao pripravnik surađuje arhitekt Zlatko Neumann) i važan je član Zagrebačke inženjerske komore. Gradio je brojne stambene i poslovne zgrade te obiteljske vile u  Pakracu,  Lipiku,  Novoj Gradiški,  Čakovcu, Zagrebu,  Rijeci i  Pragu.
Po uspostavi NDH sa suprugom Magdom rođenom Rado i kćerkom Mirjam preuzeo je židovski znak. Pokušao je spašavanje prelaskom na katoličanstvo, ali mu je poduzeće oduzeto i izgubio je svako namještenje. U srpnju 1941. zaveden je u popis vlastima NDH neophodno potrebnih stručnjaka, ali ni to mu nije pomoglo. Cijela obitelj bila je uhićena i deportirana u Auschwitz u  kolovozu 1942. ili svibnju 1943.

Građevinska i arhitektonska ostvarenja
 Trokatna ugrađena najamna stambena - kuća Deutsch, Vukotinovićeva 5 u Zagrebu, Hrvatska, 1929. – 1931. projekt:  Z. Neumann
 Stambena jednokatnica - Vila Panian, Bosanska ulica 10 u Zagrebu, Hrvatska, 1929-1930, projekt: L. Neuberger
 Trokatna uglovna ugraðena najamna stambena zgrada - kuća Pordes, Hrvojeva 10 u Zagrebu, HR, 1929. – 1931.,projekt:  Z. Neumann i L. Neuberger
 Stambena zgrada Gustava Wellera u Petrinjskoj 33 u Zagrebu, Hrvatska, 1932., projekt:  S. Florschütz i L. Neuberger
 Zgrada Zagrebačke tvornice papira, Zavratnica 17 u Zagrebu, Hrvatska, 1935., projekt: L. Neuberger
 Stambena uglovnica - zgrada Kern, Ulica Antuna Bauera 29/Ulica kralja Zvonimira 11 u Zagrebu, Hrvatska, 1936. – 1934. projekt: L. Neuberger

Izvori

Arhitekti i graditelji u Hrvatskoj
Životopisi, Zagreb
Hrvatski arhitekti
Židovi u Hrvatskoj

Leo Neuberger


Silvije Bonacci Čiko (Kaštel Kambelovac, 1893.  1966.), hrvatski slikar iz Kaštel Kambelovca.

Rodio se je u Kaštel Kambelovcu. Studirao na Akademiji u Beču. Slikarstvo je specijalizirao u Parizu kod Marcela Lenoira. Živio je u Beogradu, Zagrebu i u Biogradu na moru.

Izvori

Hrvatski slikari
Životopisi, Kaštela

Silvije Bonacci Čiko


Țapina este o unealtă formată dintr-o cange de oțel fixată într-o coadă de lemn, folosită la manevrarea buștenilor.

Unelte

Țapină


José Gerardo Huenante Huenante (Puerto Montt, 1 de noviembre de 1988-desaparecido: ibidem, 3 de septiembre de 2005) fue un joven de origen mapuche que desapareció tras ser detenido por un radiopatrullas de Carabineros de Chile. De acuerdo a un informe de la Universidad Diego Portales, su caso corresponde a la primera desaparición forzosa desde la transición a la democracia. Sin embargo, el Gobierno de Chile ha desestimado esta calificación del caso. La Fiscalía Militar cerró la causa de secuestro por falta de antecedentes y a septiembre de 2017 tenía abierta solo una investigación por falsificación de instrumento público; paralelamente, el Ministerio Público está llevando el caso a raíz de las querellas presentadas por la familia y el Instituto Nacional de Derechos Humanos.

Incidente, desaparición e investigación
Los hechos ocurrieron la madrugada del 3 de septiembre de 2005 cuando, según testigos, Huenante, que estaba en la avenida Vicuña Mackenna del sector Mirasol de Puerto Montt, fue subido al radiopatrullas N°1375, un Nissan V16 con los colores institucionales de Carabineros perteneciente a la 5.ª Comisaría de esa ciudad. Desde entonces se desconoce el paradero del adolescente desaparecido a los 16 años de edad, que tenía solo de educación los estudios de primero a quinto básico (Educación Primaria) en Escuela Los Ulmos, localidad de Los Muermos, a 45 kilómetros de Puerto Montt. Vivía con una tía y antes de ser detenido, había trabajado siete meses envolviendo erizos en envases plásticos de 100 gramos en la empresa puertomontina Roxana.

Sergio Coronado, fiscal del Ministerio Público de Puerto Montt, logró, gracias a la declaración de los dos testigos del caso, que el Juzgado de Garantía dictara orden de detención contra los tres carabineros que iban en el radiopatrullas: el sargento 2º Juan Ricardo Altamirano Figueroa, el cabo 1º Patricio Alejandro Mena Hernández, y el cabo 2º César Antonio Vidal Cárdenas como responsables del secuestro y desaparición del menor. Sin embargo, y a pesar de que el abogado Luis Correa Bluas el 25 de marzo de 2009 interpuso una querella criminal contra de todos quienes resulten responsables, los principales sospechosos no fueron encarcelados y, aunque inicialmente se les dio de baja, fueron reintegrados en diciembre de 2010.

El hecho ha sido investigado por la Brigada de Derechos Humanos de la PDI. Algunas de las pruebas que ha considerado la Fiscalía son las siguientes: versiones contradictorias y 16 declaraciones que no calzan, adulteración del libro de detenidos —esa noche marcaron dos detenidos pero luego enmendaron el número y escribieron uno—; además, no cuadra la justificación de kilometrajes recorridos esa noche por el radiopatrullas 1375.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Informe especial sobre Huenante de TV 24horas, septiembre de 2017

Nacidos en Puerto Montt
Detenidos desaparecidos en Chile
Víctimas de violación de los derechos humanos en Chile
Mapuches

José Huenante


Marko Milanović Litre (Zagreb, 26. siječnja 1988.), hrvatski političar, saborski zastupnik Hrvatskih suverenista, član predsjedništva Hrvatske konzervativne stranke, glavni tajnik Hrvatskog boćarskog kluba Oluja.

Životopis
Marko Milanović Litre je najmlađi od troje sinova Marija i Ljiljane. Odrastao je u Zagrebu gdje je završio osnovnu školu Ante Kovačića, opću gimnaziju i Visoku školu tržišnih komunikacija "Agora".

Politička karijera
Pri kraju srednjoškolskog obrazovanja uz privolu roditelja, kao maloljetnik, počinje politički djelovati unutar Hrvatske stranke prava na lokalnoj razini u Gradskoj četvrti Stenjevec. Nakon nekoliko godina napušta HSP i priključuje se Hrvatskoj stranci prava dr. Ante Starčević s kojom je izabran u gradsku organizaciju stranke, te postaje tajnik, a kasnije i predsjednik podružnice Stenjevec.

Jedan je od osnivača Hrvatske konzervativne stranke i Hrvatskih suverenista, kao i autor vizualnih identiteta stranaka.

Na lokalnim izborima 2017. godine kao kandidat Hrvatske konzervativne stranke izabran je u vijeće Gradske četvrti Stenjevec.

Na parlamentarnim izborima 2020. godine postaje zastupnik u Hrvatskom saboru kao zamjena za europarlamentarnu zastupnicu Ružu Tomašić, s osvojenih 19 preferencijalnih glasova.

Član je saborskog Odbora za međuparlamentarnu suradnju; Odbora za pomorstvo, promet i infrastrukturu; Odbora za obitelj, mlade i sport, te zamjenik člana Izaslanstva Hrvatskoga sabora u Parlamentarnoj dimenziji Srednjoeuropske inicijative.

Izvori

Hrvatski političari od 1989.

Marko Milanović Litre


Chloanthes, rod biljaka medićevki iz potporodice Prostantheroideae, kojemu pripada 4 endemske vrste u Australiji. Hamefiti ili nanofanerofiti.

Vrste
 Chloanthes coccinea Bartl.
 Chloanthes glandulosa R.Br.
 Chloanthes parviflora Walp.
 Chloanthes stoechadis R.Br.

Izvori

Prostantheroideae

Chloanthes


La microrregión de las Sierras de Sudeste es una de las microrregiones del estado brasileño del Rio Grande do Sul perteneciente a la mesorregión Sudeste Rio-Grandense. Su población fue estimada en 2005 por el IBGE en 121.504 habitantes y está dividida en ocho municipios. Posee un área total de 16.512,614 km².

Municipios
 Amaral Ferrador
 Caçapava do Sul
 Candiota
 Encruzilhada do Sul
 Pinheiro Machado
 Piratini
 Santana da Boa Vista

Microrregiones de Río Grande del Sur

Microrregión de las Sierras de Sudeste


Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Cumhurbaşkanlığına bağlı olarak çalışan, ulaştırma ve altyapı işlerinden sorumlu olan bakanlık.

Tarihçe

Cumhuriyetin ilk dönemlerinde birlikte yürütülen Nâfıa Vekaleti, bir bölümü de İktisat Vekaletine bağlı olarak yürütülen haberleşme ve münakale (ulaşım) hizmetleri 27 Mayıs 1939 tarihinde Münakalât Vekaleti adı altında tek çatıda toplandı. 1945 yılından itibaren Ulaştırma Bakanlığı adını aldı.

II. Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra ulaştırma ve haberleşmede ihtiyacın artması sonucu 26 Haziran 1945 tarihinde 4770 sayılı Kuruluş Kanunu ile Ulaştırma Bakanlığının hizmet ve yetki sınırları genişletildi.

13 Aralık 1983 tarihinde 182 sayılı Kanun Hükmünde Kararname ile hızlı gelişen ulaşım ve haberleşme sektörüne yeni bürokratik düzenlemeler yapıldı.

9 Kasım 1986 tarih ve 3322 sayılı kanunla DLH (Demiryollar Limanlar ve Hava Meydanları İnşaatı Genel Müdürlüğü) Bayındırlık Bakanlığından Ulaştırma Bakanlığı bünyesine katıldı.

10 Ağustos 1993 tarih ve 491 sayılı Kanun Hükmünde Kararname ile Denizcilik Müsteşarlığı kurulmuş ve deniz sektörü ile Ulaştırma Bakanlığının ilgisi kesildi.

27 Kasım 2002 tarih ve 24949 sayılı Resmî Gazete'de yayımlanan "Kuruluşların Bağlı ve İlgili Oldukları Bakanlıkların Değiştirilmesi İle İlgili İşlem" uyarınca Deniz Müsteşarığı ve KİT Statüsündeki Kıyı Emniyeti ve Gemi Kurtarma İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü de Ulaştırma Bakanlığına bağlandı.

1 Kasım 2011 tarih ve 28102 mükerrer sayılı Resmî Gazete'de yayımlanan "Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığının Teşkilat Ve Görevleri Hakkında Kanun Hükmünde Kararname" uyarınca ismi Ulaştırma, Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı olarak değişti ve 2 Kasım 2011 tarihli ve 28103 Resmî Gazete'de yayımlanan tezkere ile İzmir milletvekili Binali Yıldırım bakan olarak atandı.

Anayasada yapılan değişikliklere uyum sağlanması amacıyla bazı kanun ve kanun hükmünde kararnamelerde değişiklik yapılması hakkındaki 703 sayılı KHK ile bakanlığın adı Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı olarak değiştirildi.

Görevleri
Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığının görev ve yetkileri şunlardır:
 Ulaştırma, denizcilik, haberleşme ve posta iş ve hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesi, kurulması, kurdurulması, işletilmesi ve işlettirilmesi hususlarında, ilgili kurum ve kuruluşlarla koordinasyon içerisinde, milli politika, strateji ve hedeflerin belirlenmesi amacıyla çalışmalar yapmak ve belirlenen hedefleri uygulamak.
 Havacılık sanayi ve uzay teknolojilerinin geliştirilmesi, kurulması, kurdurulması, işletilmesi ve işlettirilmesi, havacılık sanayi ve uzay biliminin geliştirilmesi ile uzaya yönelik yeteneklerin kazanılması hususlarında, ilgili kurum ve kuruluşlarla koordinasyon içerisinde, milli havacılık sanayi ve uzay teknolojileri ile uzay politika, strateji ve hedeflerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerekli çalışmaları yapmak.
 Uzaya ilişkin ulusal egemenlik kapsamındaki hakların kullanımına karar vermek, bu hakların yönetimi ve kullandırılmasına yönelik usul ve esasları belirlemek ve bu haklarla ilgili ulusal yükümlülüklerin gereklerini yerine getirmek.
 Ulaştırma ve denizcilik iş ve hizmetleriyle ilgili altyapı, şebeke, sistem ve hizmetleri; ticari, ekonomik ve sosyal ihtiyaçlara, teknik gelişmelere uygun olarak planlamak, kurmak, kurdurmak, işletmek, işlettirmek ve geliştirmek.
 Ulaştırma, denizcilik, haberleşme ve posta iş ve hizmetlerinin ekonomik, seri, elverişli, güvenli, kaliteli, çevreye kötü etkisi en az ve kamu yararını gözetecek tarzda serbest, adil ve sürdürülebilir bir rekabet ortamında sunulmasını sağlamak.
 Evrensel hizmet politikalarının, ilgili kanunların hükümleri dahilinde ülkenin sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik ve teknolojik şartlarına göre belirlenmesi için gerekli çalışmaları yapmak, evrensel hizmetin yürütülmesini sağlayacak esasları tespit etmek, uygulanmasını takip etmek.
 Bilgi toplumu politika, hedef ve stratejileri çerçevesinde; ilgili kamu kurum ve kuruluşlarıyla gerekli işbirliği ve koordinasyonu sağlayarak e-Devlet hizmetlerinin kapsamı ve yürütülmesine ilişkin usul ve esasları belirlemek, bu hizmetlere ilişkin eylem planları yapmak, koordinasyon ve izleme faaliyetlerini yürütmek, gerekli düzenlemeleri yapmak ve bu kapsamda ilgili faaliyetleri koordine etmek.
 Uydu ve hava araçları tasarım ve test merkezleri, uydu, fırlatma araç ve sistemleri, hava araçları, simülatörler, uzay platformları dahil havacılık sanayi, uzay teknolojileri ve uzayla ilgili her türlü ürün, teknoloji, sistem, araç ve gereçleri yapmak, yaptırmak, kurmak, kurdurmak, işletmek, işlettirmek, geliştirmek ile bunların yurt içinde tasarımı, üretimi, entegrasyonu ve gerekli testlerinin yapılmasını sağlamak amacıyla plan, proje ve çalışmalar yapmak, bu amacın gerçekleşmesini uygun teşviklerle desteklemek, bu teşviklere ilişkin usul ve esasları belirlemek, bu hususlarda ilgili ticari, sanayi ve eğitim kuruluşları ile kamu kurum ve kuruluşları arasında gerekli işbirliği ve koordinasyonu sağlamak.
 Ulaştırma, denizcilik, haberleşme, posta, havacılık ve uzay teknolojileri iş ve hizmetlerinin gerektirdiği uluslararası ilişkileri yürütmek, anlaşmalar yapmak ve bu alanlarda uluslararası mevzuatın gerektirmesi halinde mevzuat uyumunu sağlamak.
 Kanunlarla veya Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleriyle verilen diğer görevleri yapmak.

Bağlı birimler

Merkez teşkilatı
 Altyapı Yatırımları Genel Müdürlüğü
 Avrupa Birliği ve Dış İlişkiler Genel Müdürlüğü
 Denizcilik Genel Müdürlüğü
 Haberleşme Genel Müdürlüğü
 Hukuk Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü
 Ulaştırma Hizmetleri Düzenleme Genel Müdürlüğü
 Personel Genel Müdürlüğü
 Tersaneler ve Kıyı Yapıları Genel Müdürlüğü
 Bilgi İşlem Dairesi Başkanlığı
 Denetim Hizmetleri Başkanlığı
 Destek Hizmetleri Dairesi Başkanlığı
 Döner Sermaye İşletme Dairesi Başkanlığı
 İç Denetim Birimi Başkanlığı
 Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı
 UDH Araştırmaları Merkezi Başkanlığı
 Ulaşım Emniyeti İnceleme Merkezi Başkanlığı
 Ana Arama Kurtarma Koordinasyon Merkezi
 Etik Komisyonu
 Ulaştırma Ekonomik Takip ve Denetim Sistemi
 Ulaştırma Sektörel Operasyonel Programı

Taşra teşkilatı
 Bölge müdürlükleri

Liman başkanlıkları
 Denizdibi Tarama Başmühendislikleri

Sürekli kurullar / Bağlı kuruluşlar
 Kaza Araştırma ve İnceleme Kurulu
 Demiryolu Koordinasyon Kurulu
 İnternet Geliştirme Kurulu
 Sivil Havacılık Genel Müdürlüğü
 Karayolları Genel Müdürlüğü

İlgili kuruluşlar
 DHMİ Genel Müdürlüğü
 Kıyı Emniyeti Genel Müdürlüğü
 TCDD İşletmesi Genel Müdürlüğü
 TCDD Taşımacılık A.Ş. Genel Müdürlüğü
 Türkiye Raylı Sistem Araçları Sanayii A.Ş.

İlişkili Kuruluşlar

 Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu
 PTT A.Ş. Genel Müdürlüğü
 Türksat A.Ş. Genel Müdürlüğü

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Türkiye, Ulaştırma ve Altyapı
Türkiye, Ulaştırma ve Altyapı
Türkiye merkezli ulaşım kuruluşları

1939'da Türkiye'de kurulan oluşumlar

Ulaştırma ve Altyapı Bakanlığı


José Luis Moreno puede referirse a:

 José Luis Moreno (1947-), empresario y ventrílocuo español;
 José Luis Moreno Barroso Joselu (1991-), futbolista español;
 José Luis Moreno Torres (1968-), político español.

José Luis Moreno (desambiguación)


Nelle Harper Lee (28. apríl 1926 – 19. febrúar 2016) var bandarískur rithöfundur sem er fræg fyrir skáldsöguna To Kill a Mockingbird frá 1960. Bókin er ein af sígildum skáldsögum bandarískra bókmennta. Hún vann Pulitzer-verðlaunin árið 1961 og hefur verið kölluð besta skáldsaga 20. aldar.

To Kill a Mockingbird er lauslega byggð á atburðum og fólki sem Lee upplifði sem barn í bænum Monroeville í Alabama. Bókin fjallar um kynþáttahyggju og stéttaskiptingu í bandaríska suðrinu séð með augum tveggja barna. Æskuvinur Lee, Truman Capote, er fyrirmynd einnar persónu í bókinni. Lee aðstoðaði Capote við rannsóknir fyrir skáldsöguna Með köldu blóði sem kom út 1966. Andstætt Capote var Lee ekki hrifin af frægðinni, kom nánast aldrei fram opinberlega og veitti engin viðtöl. Hún tók þátt í gerð kvikmyndahandrits eftir sögunni, en kvikmyndin hlaut Óskarsverðlaun árið 1962.

Árið 2015 kom út skáldsagan Go Set a Watchman, sem á að gerast 20 árum eftir To Kill a Mockingbird, en er í raun eldra uppkast af sömu bók. Útgáfan var umdeild þar sem Harper Lee hafði áður haldið því fram að hún myndi aldrei gefa út aðra bók.

Tilvísanir

Bandarískir rithöfundar

Harper Lee


Quirico Viviani, né en  à Farra di Soligo et mort en  à Padoue, est un écrivain et philologue italien.

Biographie
Quirico Viviani nait à Farra di Soligo dans le Trévisan en 1780. D'une famille peu aisée, il fait peu études. Cependant, grâce à un protecteur éclairé, Melchiorre Cesarotti, il peut les continuer. En 1807, il fait paraître un premier ouvrage : Les Chants militaires, Brescia, 1807. L'ouvrage, empreint d'une certaine vivacité, mais aussi d'une grande sincérité juvénile, a assez de succès pour que Viviani se sente encouragé à continuer. Il fait suivre ce premier essai d'un nouveau recueil de poésies où il insère quelques morceaux de prose. Cet autre ouvrage est suivi de divers écrits, parmi lesquels un Discours en faveur des pauvres écrit en 1817, un autre, sur le caractère des institutions scientifiques du  ; puis, des maximes, des réflexions, des portraits, etc. Viviani donne ensuite la Divine Comédie de Dante, d'après le manuscrit bartholinien mis au jour par les frères Mattiuzzi. Viviani ne néglige rien, ni soins ni voyages, pour rendre excellente cette édition. Il parcourt presque toute l'Italie, visite les bibliothèques et dépôts littéraires, surtout ceux de Milan et de Florence. A quelque temps de là, Viviani donne une traduction des Bucoliques de Virgile. Il fait suivre cette version de notes substantielles et d'une table de diverses leçons tirées de deux manuscrits antiques. En 1815, Viviani publie une traduction du roman du comte de Saint-Leu (Louis Bonaparte) intitulé Marie ou les Hollandais ; il donne ensuite un roman de sa façon, ayant pour titre : Les Hôtes de Resia, Udine, 1827. Enfin il fait paraître le Manuel philosophique de la langue italienne, mais il n'a pas le temps de terminer cette œuvre : il meurt en novembre 1835, à peine âgé de 50 ans. On doit à Viviani une édition des Nouvelles de Barbieri, Udine, 1823, in-4° ; — une édition de la Madonna Dianora de Boccace, Udine, 1829, d'après un manuscrit du .

Annexes

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Écrivain italien du XIXe siècle
Naissance en 1784
Décès en novembre 1835
Décès à Padoue

Quirico Viviani


An Sporobolus festivus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ferdinand von Hochstetter ngan Achille Richard. An Sporobolus festivus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Sporobolus, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Sporobolus

Sporobolus festivus


Izvori

 Sportsko društvo GRAFIČAR Osijek 1926. – 1981., monografija NK Grafičar Osijek

1971-72
1971-72
Osijek

Područna nogometna liga NSP Osijek 1971./72.


Düchelsdorf, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Herzogtum Lauenburg iline bağlı köy. 3,01 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 154 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Hans Voß tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.amt-berkenthin.de

Herzogtum Lauenburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Düchelsdorf


Jeg elsker dig, skat er en dansk kortfilm fra 2006 med instruktion og manuskript af Jesper Maintz Andersen.

Handling

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2006

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Jeg elsker dig, skat


فندق المدينة أوبروي، أحد أكبر فنادق المدينة المنورة وأقربها للمسجد النبوي الشريف.
تطل معظم غرف الفندق، وعددها 326 غرفة، مباشرة على المسجد النبوي الشريف، ويبعد حوالي 15 دقيقة عن المطار.

تتميز قاعات الحفلات والمؤتمرات في الفندق بملائمتها لجميع الأغراض كحفلات الأفراح والولائم، وتتسع لحوالي 800 شخص، كما تتسع قاعات الاجتماعات لأكثر من 1000 شخص، وهي مزودة بأحدث الوسائل السمعية والبصرية. ومن هذه القاعات قاعة الزمرد، قاعة العقيق، قاعة الفيروز.

يوفر الفندق خدمات مميزة لرجال الأعمال كتوفير الإنترنت والفاكس على مدار الساعة، كما يقدم خدمات أخرى لكافة النزلاء كالنادي الصحي وخدمة جليسة الأطفال وغيرها.

انظر أيضًا
 فندق المدينة شيراتون
 فندق دار الإيمان

مراجع

فنادق المدينة المنورة
مبان ومنشآت في المدينة المنورة

فندق أوبروي المدينة


El Carnival Breeze' es un crucero de la clase Dream propiedad de la Carnival Cruise Line. Entró en servicio en junio de 2012. Su buque gemelo es el Carnival Dream que entró en servicio el 21 de septiembre de 2009 y el Carnival Magic el 1 de mayo de 2011.

 Diseño
El Carnaval Breeze es el tercer barco de la clase Dream, Sus buques gemelos son el Carnival Dream y el Carnival Magic. Ha sido construido por Fincantieri, en Monfalcone, Italia. Esta clase es actualmente la más grande construida por Fincantieri. Tiene el mismo diseño que sus buques gemelos.

Elementos característicos de la clase Dream'', como la cubierta de paseo de media milla exterior con jacuzzis colgantes. El barco será el primero en tener por completo la experiencia "Fun Ship 2.0".

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Sitio oficial

Buques de pasajeros
Cruceros (buque de pasajeros)
Barcos de 2012

Carnival Breeze


La península de Hanko (; ), también escrito Hango, es una pequeña península en el mar Báltico en la que está el punto más meridional de Finlandia continental. Es el último pedazo de la cresta Salpausselkä, y la vegetación se compone principalmente de arbustos de pino. La península es conocida por su hermoso archipiélago y largas playas de arena.

La ciudad de Hanko se encuentra en la península. Ha jugado un papel importante en tiempos de guerra. Aquí están por ejemplo, las fortificaciones Hanko, que forman parte de la fortaleza naval de Pedro el Grande. Durante la guerra civil finlandesa, el ejército alemán desembarcó aquí en abril de 1918. Después de la Guerra de Invierno, la península fue arrendada a la Unión Soviética durante 30 años como una base naval. Sin embargo, los soviéticos evacuaron a sus 25.000 soldados de la zona durante la guerra de la continuación y fue recuperada por los finlandeses en diciembre de 1941.

Véase también
Geografía de Finlandia
Geografía de Europa

Referencias

Penínsulas del mar Báltico
Penínsulas de Finlandia

Península de Hanko


Jürgen Marcus, cuyo nombre real es Jürgen Beumer (Herne, 6 de junio de 1948-Múnich, 29 de mayo de 2018) fue un cantante alemán de Schlager.

Jürgen Marcus formó parte de varios grupos musicales en los años 1960. En 1969 interpretó el papel de "Claude" en la comedia musical "Hair" y en 1970 participó en la versión alemana de "El Cóndor Pasa".

Fue elegido por RTL (Radio Télévision Luxembourg) para representar a Luxemburgo en el Festival de la Canción de Eurovisiòn de 1976 con el título Chansons pour ceux qui s'aiment, compuesto por Jack White, y con letra de Fred Jay y Vline Buggy. Terminó en el puesto 14 con un total de 17 puntos.

Falleció el 29 de mayo de 2018 víctima de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.

Selección de sencillos
 Nur Du (1970)
 Du bist mein ganzes Leben (1971)
 Nur Liebe zählt (1971)
 Warum kann ich deine Liebe nicht vergessen? (1971)
 Eine neue Liebe ist wie ein neues Leben (1972)
 Ein Festival der Liebe (1973)
 Schmetterlinge können nicht weinen (1973)
 Irgendwann kommt jeder mal nach San Francisco (1973)
 Grand Prix d'amour (1974)
 Ich hab' die Liebe nicht erfunden (1974)
 Ein Engel, der mich liebt (1975)
 Ein Lied zieht hinaus in die Welt (1975)
 Auf dem Karussell fahren alle gleich schnell (1975)
 Komm mit - auf die Sonnenseite der Straße (1976)
 Chansons pour ceux qui s´aiment (1976)
 Der Tingler singt für euch alle (1976)
 Auf dem Bahnhof der vielen Gleise (1976)
 Die Uhr geht vor - du kannst noch bleiben (1976)
 Lass mich doch raus aus deiner Jacke (1977)
 Das weiß die ganze Nachbarschaft (1977)
 Was hast du heute abend vor? (1977)
 Davon stirbt man nicht! (1978)
 Lucia-ah (1979)
 Schlaf heute hier (1979)
 Ein Lächeln (1980)
 Unser Leben (1980)
 Engel der Nacht (1981)
 Du (1981)
 Wenn du liebst (1981)
 Ich würde gerne bei dir sein (1982)
 Das Lied vom Glücklichsein (1982)
 Die Sterne lügen nicht (1983)
 Ich lieb dich mehr (1984)
 Ich hab dich gesehn (1986)
 Liberation Day (1988)
 Nochmal mit dir (2004)
 Ich glaub' an die Welt - Álbum (2004)
 Ich glaub' an die Welt (2004)
 Ich bereue nichts (2005)
 Geh mit der Sonne (2005)
 Nur mein Herz weint (2006)

Referencias

Enlaces externos
(en alemán) Página web oficial de Jürgen Marcus
(en francés) Eurovision-info.net - Festival de Eurovision de 1976

Cantantes masculinos de Alemania
Cantantes de Schlager
Participantes en Eurovisión 1976
Fallecidos en Múnich
Nacidos en Herne
Representantes de Luxemburgo en Eurovisión

Jürgen Marcus


An Whiteochloa multiciliata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Michael Lazarides. An Whiteochloa multiciliata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Whiteochloa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Whiteochloa

Whiteochloa multiciliata


Grobnica leoparda (talijanski: Tomba dei Leopardi) je etruščanska grobna komora, tako nazvana zbog sučeljenih leoparda naslikanih iznad scene banketa. Grobnica se nalazi u okviru nekropole Monterozzi i datira oko 480–450. pr. Kr. Slika je jedan od najbolje očuvanih freski iz Tarquinije, i poznata je po "živahnim bojama i animiranim prikazima bogatim gestama".

Banketeri su "elegantno odjeveni" muško-ženski parovi koje poslužuju dva gola dječaka koji nose pribor za posluživanje. Žene su prikazane svijetle puti, a muškarci tamnopute, u skladu s rodnim konvencijama uspostavljenim na Bliskom Istoku, Egiptu i arhaičnoj Grčkoj. Raspored tri para predočava triklinij rimske blagovaonice. Glazbenici su na zidovima s lijeve i desne strane banketa. S desne strane, ovjenčanih likova i glazbenika prilazi banketu; slijeva se šest glazbenika i nosača darova pojavljuje u još veličanstvenijoj povorci.

Čovjek na krajnjem desnom kauču drži jaje, simbol regeneracije, a ostali banketeri drže vijence. Ovakvi prizori obično predstavljaju pokojnikov pogrebni domjenak ili obiteljski objed koji bi se održavao na godišnjicu njegove smrti. Predstavlja se kao slavlje života, dok su etrurski prizori banketa u ranijim grobnicama imali sumorniji karakter. Čini se da se prizor odvija na otvorenom, među vitkim drvećem i raslinjem, možda pod krošnjama.

Iako su likovi izrazito etrurski, umjetnik središnjeg banketa oslanja se na trendove u grčkoj umjetnosti i označava prijelaz iz arhaičnog u ranoklasični stil u etrurskoj umjetnosti. Povorke slijeva i zdesna izrazitije su arhaične i izvodili su ih različiti umjetnici.
Grobnica je otkrivena 1875. godine. Dvadesetih godina 20. stoljeća David Herbert Lawrence je sliku opisao u svojim putopisnim esejima Skice etrurskih mjesta:
 Zidovi ove male grobnice ples su pravog užitka. Čini se da u sobi još uvijek žive Etruščani iz šestog stoljeća prije Krista, živopisni ljudi koji prihvaćaju život i koji su zacijelo živjeli u stvarnosti. Dolaze plesači i svirači glazbe, krećući se u širokom frizu prema prednjem zidu grobnice, zidu okrenutom prema nama dok ulazimo s tamnih stepenica i gdje se banket odvija u punom sjaju. ... Dakle, sve je u boji, a čini se da uopće nismo pod zemljom, već u nekoj veseloj komori prošlosti.

Umjetnički se slika smatra manje sofisticiranom i gracioznom od one koja se nalazi u Grobnici Bigasa ili Grobnici Tricliniuma.

Povezani članci
 Grobnica plesača

Izvori

Arheološki lokaliteti u Italiji

Grobnica leoparda


Kamışcık, aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir.

 Kamışcık, Göksun - Kahramanmaraş ili Göksun ilçesine bağlı mahalle
 Kamışcık, Çekerek - Yozgat ili Çekerek ilçesine bağlı köy

Kamışcık


قائمة بالأبطال في 1909 البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية لكرة المضرب (المعروفة الآن باسم أمريكا المفتوحة):

الكبار

فردي رجال

 ويليام لارنيد هزم  ويليام كلوثير 6-1 6-2 5-7 1-6 6-1

فردي سيدات

 هازل هوتشكيس ويتمان هزم  ماود برجر والاش 6-0, 6-1

مراجع

الرياضة في بنسيلفانيا في 1909
الرياضة في رود آيلاند في 1909
الولايات المتحدة في 1909
رود آيلاند في 1909
أحداث أغسطس 1909 الرياضية
أحداث يونيو 1909 الرياضية
البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية (كرة مضرب) حسب السنة
كرة المضرب في 1909
كرة مضرب أمريكية في 1909

البطولات الوطنية الأمريكية 1909 (كرة مضرب)


Olsenbanden Juniur og Sølvgruvens hemmelighet (deutscher Titel: "Die Olsenbande Junior und das Geheimnis des Silberstollens") ist ein norwegischer Kinder- und Familienfilm von Arne Lindtner Næss aus dem Jahr 2007. Der Film aus der Filmreihe der Olsenbande Junior wurde von Nordisk Film und TV 2 produziert sowie hatte am 2. Februar 2007 in Norwegen seine Kinopremiere.

Handlung

Im Sommer 1960 macht die Schulklasse von Egon Olsen einen Badeausflug, sie fahren gemeinsam mit einem Bus von Oslo zu dem Ingierstrand-Bad von Oppegård. Am Strand versucht Biffen mit seiner Bande Kjell vor Valborg unmöglich zu machen. Dazu kommt dann auch noch, dass Herman Hermansen (Sohn von Kriminalkommissar Hermansen) mit seinem reichen jungen Freund Preben von Klem mit einem Motorboot Valborg und Ingrid auf eine Spritztour einlädt. Sie versuchen die Mädchen auszuspannen. Benny und Egon versuchen das zu verhindern und wollen dazu das Boot am Kai dazu festbinden, um Preben und Herman bei ihrer Abfahrt zu blamieren. Als Egon gerade das Boot festmacht, fährt das Motorboot aber los. Egon, der noch an dem Seil hängt, wird dadurch auf die See gezogen und zieht dabei unglücklicherweise seinen Klassenlehrer Kvasshaug samt Liegestuhl mit. Egon Olsen muss dadurch wieder einmal in den Arrest des Waisenhauses Lykkebo.

Als Egon schließlich wieder herauskommt, stehen schon Kjell und Benny vor dem Waisenhaus bereit, um Egon abzuholen. Zu ihrem Entsetzen wird Egon aber schon von Preben von Klem, einem reichen Söhnchen, mit einem Rolls-Royce und dessen Chauffeurin abgeholt. Preben fährt mit Egon direkt zu seiner elterlichen Villa am Stadtrand von Oslo. Egon soll Prebens prall gefülltes Sparschwein aus dem Franz Jäger Berlin-Tresor seiner Eltern herausholen, damit er das Geld für sich verjubeln kann. Egon wird aber von Preben hereingelegt. Als er die Beute aus dem Tresor geholt hat, löst Preben die Alarmanlage aus. Egon nimmt bei seiner panischen Flucht aus Prebens Villa noch ein herumliegendes Dokument mit, das aus dem Tresor gefallen ist. Kriminalkommissar Hermansen, der in der Nachbarschaft wohnt, wird durch seinen Sohn Herman, der Egon bei Preben beobachtet hat, informiert und nimmt die Verfolgung auf. Mit Hilfe von Benny und Kjell, die Egon heimlich gefolgt sind, kann er aber entkommen. Egon wird aber nun als vermeintlicher Einbrecher und Dieb von der Polizei gesucht.

Für diesen Reinfall schwört Egon Preben Rache und will mithilfe von Kjell und Benny seinen Plan dazu umsetzen. Als geeigneter Anlass bietet sich dazu die Geburtstagsparty von Preben von Klem an. Er lädt zu seiner Feier hauptsächlich ebenfalls Kinder aus reichen und prominenten Familien ein, aber auch junge attraktive Mädchen wie Valborg und Ingrid. Die Olsenbande ist natürlich nicht eingeladen. Das Grundstück der Villa seines Vaters ist allerdings mit sehr hohen Mauern umgeben. Weiterhin engagiert Preben die Biffen-Bande (Biffen, Knut und Johnny) als seinen privaten Sicherheitsdienst für die Einlasskontrolle vor der Villa Maximillian von Klem, damit nur geladene Gäste hereinkönnen. Egon hat auch dazu einen Plan. Kjell soll als enttäuschter Liebhaber von Valborg, der sich unbedingt ihretwegen Zutritt zu der Party verschaffen will, die Biffenbande bei ihrer Einlasskontrolle entsprechend ablenken, um so beim Ein- und Ausschleusen von Egon und Kjell in das Villengrundstück zu helfen. Benny und Egon können dadurch unbemerkt in das Grundstück der Villa eindringen und später auch so wieder ausbrechen. Benny verkleidet sich zusätzlich noch als reiches Schnöselkind, und so gelingt es ihm, sich unter die Gäste zu mischen.

Egon schafft es ebenfalls, in die Villa unbemerkt einzubrechen, und stiehlt sich die vereitelte Beute, das Sparschwein von Preben, aus dessen Zimmer. Benny hängt das Sparschwein im Partyzelt über Prebens Geburtstagstorte auf, getarnt unter vielen Luftballons. Im geeigneten Moment, als alle Gäste dort versammelt sind und Preben gerade seine Torte anschneiden will, trennt Benny den Strick durch. Prebens Sparschwein fällt so mitten in die Torte und beschmutzt alle anwesenden Gäste. Preben wird vor seinem Vater und den anwesenden Gästen blamiert sowie vor Kriminalkommissar Hermansen als Lügner enttarnt. Durch die Blamage Prebens auf der Party ist Egon als vermeintlicher Dieb wieder rehabilitiert. Das Sparschwein von Preben nimmt die Olsenbande bei einer weiteren günstigen Gelegenheit trotzdem wieder mit an sich. Egon Olsen hat außerdem, als er sich während seines Einbruches in der Villa in einem Schrank verstecken musste, die Eltern von Preben bei einem Zwiegespräch mit ihrem Sohn belauscht. Sie stellen Preben zur Rede über seinen vorgetäuschten Sparschwein-Diebstahl und befragen ihn nach der seitdem verschwundenen Karte aus dem Tresor. Olsen erfährt so genau, dass das gesuchte Schriftstück eine Schatzkarte ist. Der vermeintliche Schatz, das sollen die verschwundenen norwegischen königlichen Kronjuwelen bzw. Insignien sein, sie sollen sich in dem stillgelegten Silberbergbaustollen in Saggrenda bei Kongsberg befinden. Die von Klems schließen auch darauf, dass Egon Olsen (bzw. die Olsenbande) die Karte jetzt hat und ebenfalls den Schatz heben will.

Die Olsenbande und Dynamit-Harry begeben sich nach Kongsberg zum stillgelegten Silberbergbau. Mit Hilfe einer alten Draisinen-Lore gelangen sie in das Innere des Bergwerkes, bis 300 Meter unter der Erde. Mittlerweile werden sie auch von den Eltern Prebens gesucht, Maximalian von Klem und seiner Frau Monica von Klem, die ebenfalls nach Kongsberg fahren, um den Schatz vor der Olsenbande zu heben oder – falls sie ihn zuvor finden – diesen abzunehmen. Sie werden schließlich durch den ganzen Silberstollen durch die von Klems verfolgt. Nach einigen Abenteuern nach Indiana-Jones-Manier finden sie schließlich im Stollen endlich die gesuchten Kronjuwelen. Im Laufe der weiteren Verfolgungsjagd im Silberbergwerk verliert die Olsenbande den gefundenen Schatz an die von Klems, kann ihnen aber entkommen. Die von Klems müssen allerdings mit der von der Olsenbande benutzten Draisine aus dem Stollen fahren, da Benny den Zündschlüssel ihrer motorisierten Diesel-Grubenlokomotive gestohlen hat.

Die Olsens können nun mit der schnelleren Grubenbahn, mit der die von Klem in den Kongsberger Stollen eingedrungen sind, ebenfalls nach draußen fahren. Dadurch gelingt es ihnen, die Hand-Draisine von Frau und Herrn von Klem einzuholen und diese von hinten mit ihrer Lok aufzugabeln. Valborg und Ingrid, die sich Sorgen um die Olsenbande machen, sowie auch andere Kinder sind mit dem Bus des Osloer Eisverkäufers Syvertsen nach Kongsberg zu dem Eingang des Stollens gefahren. Hermansen und sein Assistent Holm, die von der Schatzsuche in Kongsberg zufällig Wind bekommen haben, treffen ebenfalls vor Ort ein. Sie nehmen Maximillian und Monica von Klem fest, nachdem diese draußen angekommen sind und mit ihrer Draisine gegen einen Prellbock fahren. Egon versöhnt sich wieder mit Preben und gibt ihm sein Sparschwein zurück. Die Olsenbande sind als ehrliche Schatzsucher wieder voll rehabilitiert und Prebens Eltern als Betrüger und Diebe enttarnt, außerdem ist Valborg mit Kjell wieder versöhnt. In einer Nacht- und Nebelaktion darf Egon die von ihm gefundenen Kronjuwelen bei einem konspirativen Treffen dem norwegischen Königshaus zu Händen des Hofmarschalles Kåe übergeben.

Anmerkungen
Der Film ist eine direkte Fortsetzung von Olsenbanden jr. på Cirkus ("Die Olsenbande Junior im Zirkus") aus der Olsenbande Junior (Norwegen)-Filmreihe und 2007 wurde diese mit dem Film Olsenbanden jr. Det sorte gullet ("Die Olsenbande Junior und das schwarze Gold") weitergeführt. Der Film wurde mittlerweile auch auf DVD veröffentlicht. In Frankreich wurde der Film im Kino und Fernsehen unter dem Titel: Olsen et sa bande: le mystère de la mine d'argent veröffentlicht. Eine deutschsprachige Veröffentlichung existiert zu diesem Film bisher noch nicht.

Weblinks

 Olsenbanden jr. Sølvgruvens hemmelighet auf Filmweb.no (norwegisch)
 Olsenbanden jr Sølvgruvens hemmelighet Olsenbanden jr. Sølvgruvens hemmelighet auf filmfront.no (norwegisch)
 Olsenbanden jr. Sølvgruvens hemmelighet auf vg.no (norwegisch)
 Olsenbanden Jr. Solvgruvens hemmelighet auf oslokino.no

Einzelnachweise

Filmtitel 2007
Norwegischer Film
Kinderfilm
Kriminalfilm
Filmkomödie
Heist-Movie

Olsenbanden jr. Sølvgruvens hemmelighet


Srinivasa Ramanujan (Erode, Indija, 22. prosinca 1887. – Kumbakonam, Indija 26. travnja 1920.) - indijski matematičar u vrijeme Britanske Indije, prirodni matematički genij, čudo od djeteta, jedan od najinteligentnijih i najplodnijih matematičara, koji je široj javnosti ostao uglavnom nepoznat i nepriznat. O njemu je snimljen britanski film "Čovjek koji je spoznao beskonačnost".

Iako nije imao gotovo nikakvo formalno obrazovanje iz čiste matematike, dao je značajan doprinos matematičkoj analizi, teoriji brojeva, beskonačnim nizovima i kontinuiranim razlomcima, uključujući rješenja za matematičke probleme koji su se tada smatrali nerješivima. U matematiku se zaljubio sa samo 15 godina, sa 16 je već dobio stipendiju na sveučilištu u Madrasu, no matematika ga je toliko zanimala da je zanemario sve ostalo i stipendiju iste godine i izgubio. Ostao je siromah i u tom svojem siromaštvu nastavio se baviti matematikom. Kako je oskudijevao s papirom za pisanje, dokaze je izvodio u glavi, a samo je konačna rješenja zapisivao na papir. Za 3 godine napisao je 4000 teorema, od kojih su mnogi i danas nedokazani.

Ramanujan je u početku razvio vlastito nezavisno matematičko istraživanje. Prema Hansu Eysencku: "Pokušao je zainteresirati vodeće profesionalne matematičare za svoj rad, ali uglavnom nije uspio. Ono što im je morao pokazati bilo je previše novo, previše nepoznato i dodatno predstavljeno na neobične načine; nisu se htjeli obazirati na to". Tražeći matematičare koji bi mogli bolje razumjeti njegovo djelo, 1913. započeo je pismenu korespondenciju s engleskim matematičarom G. H. Hardyjem na Sveučilištu Cambridge u Engleskoj. Prepoznavši Ramanujanov rad kao izvanredan, Hardy mu je organizirao putovanje u Cambridge. Hardy je u svojim bilješkama komentirao, da je Ramanujan iznjedrio revolucionarne nove teoreme, uključujući one koji su ga "potpuno razoružali; nikada prije nije vidio ništa poput njih" i neke nedavno dokazane, ali vrlo napredne rezultate.

Tijekom svog kratkog života, Ramanujan je neovisno prikupio gotovo 3.900 rezultata (uglavnom identiteta i jednadžbi). Mnogi su bili potpuno novi; njegovi originalni i krajnje nekonvencionalni rezultati, poput Ramanujanove theta funkcije, particijskih formula i lažnih theta funkcija, otvorili su čitava nova područja rada i nadahnuli veliku količinu daljnjih istraživanja. Gotovo sve njegove tvrdnje do sada su se pokazale točnim. Ramanujan Journal, znanstveni časopis, osnovan je kako bi objavljivao radove iz svih područja matematike pod utjecajem Ramanujana, a njegove bilježnice – koje sadrže sažetke njegovih objavljenih i neobjavljenih rezultata – analizirale su se i proučavale desetljećima nakon njegove smrti kao izvor novih matematičkih ideja. Još 2012. istraživači su nastavili otkrivati, da su puki komentari u njegovim spisima o "jednostavnim svojstvima" i "sličnim rezultatima" za određena otkrića sami po sebi bili duboki i suptilni rezultati teorije brojeva koji su ostali neslućeni gotovo stoljeće nakon njegove smrti. Postao je jedan od najmlađih članova Kraljevskog društva i tek drugi indijski član, i prvi Indijac koji je izabran za člana Trinity Collegea u Cambridgeu. O njegovim pismima, Hardy je izjavio da je jedan pogled dovoljan da pokaže da ih je mogao napisati samo matematičar najvišeg kalibra, uspoređujući Ramanujana s matematičkim genijima poput Eulera i Jacobija.

Godine 1919. loše zdravlje, za koje se sada vjeruje da je bila hepatična amebija (komplikacija zbog dizenterije prije mnogo godina) - natjeralo je Ramanujana na povratak u Indiju, gdje je umro 1920. u dobi od 32 godine. Njegova posljednja pisma Hardyju, napisana u siječnju 1920. pokazuju da je i dalje nastavio smišljati nove matematičke ideje i teoreme. Njegova "izgubljena bilježnica", koja sadrži otkrića iz posljednje godine njegova života, izazvala je veliko uzbuđenje kod matematičara, kada je ponovno otkrivena 1976. godine.

O njemu je snimljen britanski film "Čovjek koji je spoznao beskonačnost" 2015. godine, temeljen na istoimenoj knjizi Roberta Kanigela iz 1991. godine. Indija je njemu u čast 22. prosinca (njegov rođendan) proglasila Nacionalnim danom matematike.

Izvori

Indijski znanstvenici
Matematičari

Srinivasa Ramanujan


William Melville Martin (August 23, 1876 – June 22, 1970) served as the second premier of Saskatchewan from 1916 to 1922. In 1916, although not a member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Martin was elected leader of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party, succeeding Premier Walter Scott and thus became Premier of Saskatchewan.

Prior to entering provincial politics, Martin had been a member of the federal Parliament for two terms, as a member of the Liberal Party of Canada.

On his retirement from politics, he was appointed to the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal, serving first as a puisne justice and then as Chief Justice of Saskatchewan.

Early life

Martin was born in Norwich, Ontario.  In 1898, he earned an honours degree in Classics from the University of Toronto, and then a Teacher Certificate from the Ontario School of Pedagogy. After teaching for two years, he attended Osgoode Hall Law School and qualified as a lawyer.

In 1903, he moved to Regina and joined the law firm of his cousin, James Balfour.  The Balfour and Martin families had been active in Liberal politics in Ontario, and the Balfour law firm was similarly active in Liberal politics in Saskatchewan.

In 1905, Martin married Violette Florence Thompson of Mitchell, Ontario.  The couple had three sons.

Member of Parliament

Martin was elected to the House of Commons for Regina in the 1908 Canadian federal election.  As a Liberal, he supported the government of Sir Wilfrid Laurier.  He was a strong representative for western interests, including expansion of railway infrastructure, regulation of freight rates, incorporation of grain grower associations, and other farmer interests.  He also commented on law reform issues and matters related to the North-West Mounted Police.

He was re-elected in the 1911 Canadian federal election, as a strong supporter of the Liberal platform for "Unrestricted Reciprocity" (free trade) with the United States. However, the Liberal government was defeated by the Conservative Party under Robert Borden, largely on the reciprocity issue.

Premier of Saskatchewan
The Saskatchewan Liberal Party had held office under Premier Walter Scott since Saskatchewan had joined Confederation in 1905.  By 1916, the Liberal government was facing allegations of corruption and Premier Scott was having mental health problems.  The government was also involved in a bitter dispute over funding for separate schools. Martin, as an outsider to provincial politics, was recruited by the provincial Liberals to help distance them from allegations of corruption and to respond to the school funding issue.  In 1916, he was elected as leader of the provincial party, becoming premier.  He resigned his seat in the House of Commons and was then acclaimed in a by-election to the Legislative Assembly, in a seat vacated by a Liberal member. Although Martin became premier in 1916, he did not become President of the Executive Council of Saskatchewan until 1917, the only premier who was not President of the Executive Council throughout his term as premier.

To deal with the school issue, Martin himself took the education portfolio.  He was the Minister of Education for most of his time as premier.  He was also the Minister of Railways and the Minister of Telephones and Telegraphs, reflecting the importance of infrastructure developments in the young province.

Martin brought farmers' advocate Charles A. Dunning into the cabinet in an attempt to revitalise the Liberals and maintain support from farmers, appointing him to the important position of Provincial Treasurer, a position Dunning was to hold for almost ten years.  Dunning had been an active member of the Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association, and the general manager of the highly successful Saskatchewan Co-operative Elevator Company. Martin also instituted reforms to clean up the government. These changes were successful in cleansing the government's image, and Martin led the government to re-election in the 1917 election, winning 51 of 59 seats.

That same year, there was a federal election which was fought largely on the issue of conscription to raise troops for the Canadian army fighting in France.  Many federal Liberals joined in a coalition with the federal Conservatives to form a Union government.  Martin supported those Liberals who joined the Union government.

The United Farmers and Progressive movements were riding a national wave of agrarian discontent which undercut the Liberals across Canada, and threatened to engulf the Saskatchewan Liberals as well. Martin successfully embraced the populist movement.  In addition to bringing in Dunning in 1916, by 1920 he severed ties with the federal Liberal Party of Canada. He also recruited another farm leader into the government, federal Progressive MP John Archibald Maharg. Like Dunning, Maharg had strong roots in the farm co-operative community.  He was the president of both the Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association and the Saskatchewan Co-operative Elevator Company. Maharg agreed to support the government, but as an independent member, not as a Liberal.  With these strong farm representatives supporting his government, Martin and the Liberals kept farm support and were able to resist the Progressive challenge in the 1921 election.  The Martin government was returned to power, although with a reduced majority of 46 Liberals in the 63 seat Assembly.  Martin kept Dunning on as Provincial Treasurer and appointed Maharg as Minister of Agriculture, a key position in a province with a farm-based economy.

A political crisis developed, however, during the federal election of late 1921.  The federal Progressives continued to oppose the federal Liberals.  Premier Martin participated in the federal election at the local level, campaigning for the federal Liberals, particularly the Liberal candidate in Regina, Martin's old seat.  Martin also stated that he could not personally support a number of the Progressives' policy proposals. Martin's support for the federal Liberals angered the Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association, which began to explore the possibility of forming a new farmer-based party. Maharg accused Martin of acting in bad faith and resigned from Cabinet.  He crossed the floor and eventually became the Leader of the Opposition.

Maharg's resignation, the threat that the Grain Growers would start a farmer party, and the issue of supporting the federal Liberals, all led to a political crisis within the provincial Liberal party.  Martin lost support and eventually resigned in 1922, at the age of 46.  He was replaced as party leader and as premier by Charles Dunning.

Judicial career

Martin retired from politics in 1922 and was appointed a judge of the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal. In 1941 he was appointed Chief Justice of Saskatchewan, a post he held until his retirement in 1961 at the age of 84.

While on the Court of Appeal, he also served as a commissioner on the Royal Commission on Reconveyance of Land to British Columbia, which contributed to the re-transfer of the Railway Belt and Peace River Block from the federal government to the province of British Columbia.

Legacy
Martin Collegiate, a high school in Regina, is named in his honour.

Electoral record

Martin ranks tenth out of the fifteen premiers of Saskatchewan for time in office.  He served one continuous term, from October 20, 1916, to April 5, 1922, and was in office for .  He was elected three times to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan.  Prior to entering provincial politics, Martin was elected twice to the federal House of Commons, serving for . His total electoral service, federal and provincial, was .

Martin led the Saskatchewan Liberals in two general elections, winning both.  He stood for election at the constituency level five times, three times provincially and twice federally.  He was acclaimed once and elected four times in contested elections.  He was never defeated at the polls.

Saskatchewan general elections, 1917 and 1921

Martin led the Liberal Party in two general elections, winning a majority government both times (1917 and 1921).

1917 General election

Half a year after becoming Premier, Martin led the Liberals in the general election of 1917.  In spite of the corruption allegations which had dogged the Liberals, he managed to win a majority government, defeating the Conservatives led by Wellington Willoughby, as well as candidates of third parties, none of whom won a seat.  One independent candidate was elected.

1 Premier when election was called;  Premier after the election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when the election was called;  Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3After the general election was held, there were special elections amongst Saskatchewanians serving overseas in the Great War.  Three additional members were elected:  one from Saskatchewanians serving in Great Britain, one from Saskatchewanians serving in France, and one from Saskatchewanians serving in Belgium, for a total of 62 members in the 4th Legislative Assembly.

1921 General election

In 1921, Martin led the Liberals into a second general election and again won a majority government, albeit with a smaller share of the popular vote and a reduction in the number of seats in the Assembly. The political opponents of the government fractured badly, leading to Saskatchewan's first major multi-party election. The Conservative Party entered the election without a formal leader, as the previous leader, Donald Maclean, had accepted a federal judicial appointment just two months before the election.

1 Premier when election was called;  Premier after the election.

Saskatchewan constituency elections, 1916 to 1921

Martin stood for election to the Legislative Assembly three times, once in a by-election and in two general elections, all in the riding of Regina City.  He was acclaimed in the by-election, and won the next two elections, which were contested.

1916 By-election:  Regina City

The by-election was called on the resignation of the sitting Liberal member, James Franklin Bole, to allow Premier Martin to win a seat in the Assembly.

E Elected.

1917 General election:  Regina City

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1921 General election:  Regina City

E Elected. The constituency returned two members at that time.
X Incumbents.  Cross and Bagshaw had both been soldier-members of the Legislative Assembly from 1917 to 1921.  Cross was elected by Canadian soldiers in Great Britain, while Bagshaw was elected by Canadian soldiers in Belgium.  Since they were both members at large they are listed as incumbents, although neither had held the Regina seat prior to the 1921 election.

Federal constituency elections, 1908 and 1911

Martin stood for election to the House of Commons twice, in the riding of Regina, Saskatchewan.  He was elected both times.

1908 General election:  Regina

E Elected.

1911 General election:  Regina

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

References

External links
 University of Regina Archer Library — Saskatchewan Politics Research Guide: William Melville Martin

1876 births
1970 deaths
Premiers of Saskatchewan
Attorneys-General of Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan Liberal Party MLAs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Saskatchewan
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Judges in Saskatchewan
Canadian Presbyterians

William Melville Martin


كمل كلامك هو الألبوم الثاني والعشرين للفنان المصري عمرو دياب، تم إصداره عام 2005 من إنتاج شركة روتانا للصوتيات والمرئيات..

مشاكل مع روتانا
بعد طرح الألبوم نشأت خلافات مؤقتة بين المغني والشركة بسبب ما وصف بأنه ضعف في التسويق والدعاية الكافية للألبوم. انتهى الخلاف لاحقاً وقام عمرو دياب بتجديد عقده الاحتكاري مع الشركة.

المبيعات
تصدر الألبوم المبيعات في كثير من سباقات الألبومات الرسمية والفيرجن ميغا ستور وكان أكثر الألبومات مبيعا في شركة روتانا حيث بيع منه أكثر من مليون ونصف نسخة منذ صدوره في عام 2005.

قائمة الأغاني

فريق العمل
 غناء: عمرو دياب
 توزيع: طارق مدكور/ عادل حقي/ فهد
 وتريات: يحيى الموجي
 جيتار: اوسو/ خوان سيرو / بينو
 بيانو: نادر حمدي
 رق: هشام العربي
 ناي: رضا بدير
 طبلة: عصام عبد الراضي
 قانون: ماجد سرور
 تصميم البوستر والغلاف: خالد رشدي

مراجع

ألبومات 2005
ألبومات باللغة العربية
ألبومات شركة روتانا
ألبومات عمرو دياب

كمل كلامك (ألبوم)


Zmaj je leteća aerodinamički oblikovana naprava koju u zraku održava struja vjetra, a njezinim se položajem u zraku upravlja s tla pomoću uzice. Obično je jednostavne konstrukcije od nosiva drvenog ili kakva drugoga kostura preko kojega je razapet papir ili tkanina. Bio je poznat već u staroj Kini, a u današnje se doba rabi ponajprije kao igračka ili sportski rekvizit.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Kites in many countries
 History of kites
 The earliest depiction of kite flying in European literature in a panorama of Ternate (Moluccas) 1600.
 Mathematics and aeronautical principles of kites.
 Kitecraft and Kite Tournaments (1914)—A free public domain e-book
 Kite Museum in India

 Eyes on Brazil

Zrakoplovi
Igračke

Zmaj (letjelica)