Metromedia (also often MetroMedia) was an American media company that owned radio and television stations in the United States from 1956 to 1986 and controlled Orion Pictures from 1988 to 1997. Metromedia was established in 1956 after the DuMont Television Network ceased operations and its owned-and-operated stations were spun off into a separate company. Metromedia sold its television stations to News Corporation in 1985 (which News Corp. then used to form the nucleus of Fox Television Stations), and spun off its radio stations into a separate company in 1986. Metromedia then acquired ownership stakes in various film studios, including controlling ownership in Orion. In 1997, Metromedia closed down and sold its media assets to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

History

Origins
The company arose from the ashes of the DuMont Television Network, the world's first commercial television network. DuMont had been in economic trouble throughout its existence, and was seriously undermined when ABC accepted a buyout offer from United Paramount Theaters in 1953. The ABC-UPT deal gave ABC the resources to operate a national television service along the lines of CBS and NBC. DuMont officials quickly realized the ABC-UPT deal put their network on life support, and agreed in principle to merge with ABC. However, it was forced to back out of the deal when minority owner Paramount Pictures raised antitrust concerns. UPT had only spun off from Paramount four years earlier, and there were still doubts about whether the two companies were really separate.

By 1955, DuMont realized it could not compete against the other three networks and decided to wind down its operations. Soon after DuMont formally shut down network service in 1956, the parent firm DuMont Laboratories spun off the network's two remaining owned and operated stations, WABD in New York City and WTTG in Washington, D.C., to shareholders as the DuMont Broadcasting Corporation. The company's headquarters were co-located with WABD in the former DuMont Tele-Centre (which was later renamed the Metromedia Telecenter) in New York.

In 1957, DuMont Broadcasting purchased two New York area radio stations, WNEW (now WBBR) and WHFI (later WNEW-FM and WWFS), and later that year changed its name to the Metropolitan Broadcasting Corporation to distance itself from its former parent company. The following year, Paramount sold its shares in Metropolitan Broadcasting to Washington-based investor John Kluge, enough to give Kluge controlling interest. Kluge installed himself as chairman, and later increased his holdings to 75 percent. WABD's call letters were later changed to WNEW-TV to match its new radio sisters.

Expansion

Metropolitan Broadcasting's first acquisitions included WHK-AM-FM in Cleveland (in 1958); the Foster & Kleiser outdoor advertising firm (in 1959); and KOVR in Stockton, California, Benedict Gimbel Jr.-owned WIP-AM-FM in Philadelphia, WTVH-TV (now WHOI) in Peoria, Illinois, and WTVP television (now WAND) in Decatur, Illinois (all in 1960). In 1961 Metropolitan purchased KMBC-AM-TV in Kansas City, Missouri. Later that year the company's name was changed to Metromedia; the Metropolitan Broadcasting name was retained for its broadcasting division until 1967.

In separate 1963 deals the company expanded into Los Angeles, buying first KTTV and later KLAC and the original KLAC-FM (now KIIS-FM). The company would later engineer a swap of FM facilities; the second KLAC-FM (later KMET and now KTWV) was established in 1965. Metromedia also entered the realm of live entertainment by purchasing the Ice Capades (in 1963) and the Harlem Globetrotters (in 1967). Later in the decade Metromedia opened a television production center in Los Angeles, known as Metromedia Square, which served as the studio facility for numerous network programs. Metromedia also owned a TV production and distribution company called Metromedia Producers Corporation (MPC), established in 1968 from Wolper Productions. MPC produced and syndicated various programs and TV movies, most notably the game show Truth or Consequences and the 1972-86 version of The Merv Griffin Show. Metromedia spent the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s increasing its television and radio station portfolio, and continued to expand its syndication business. In 1976, it teamed up with MTM Enterprises to launch a first-run syndicated variety show.

Metromedia entered the record business in 1969 with the launch of the Metromedia Records label, whose biggest-selling artist was Bobby Sherman. The label was also notable as having issued the first two studio albums of Peter Allen, Peter Allen (1971) and Tenterfield Saddler (1972). The label was closed in 1974. Allen's Tenterfield Saddler, the title song of which has become an Australian standard, was acquired and reissued by A&M Records in 1978.

In 1976, similar to the more successful SFM Holiday Network of syndicated stations launched two years later, Metromedia teamed up with Ogilvy and Mather for a proposed linking of independent TV stations termed MetroNet. The proposed programming would consist of several Sunday night family dramas, on weeknights a half-hour serial and a gothic series similar to Dark Shadows, and on Saturdays a variety program hosted by Charo. The plans for MetroNet failed when advertisers balked at Metromedia's advertising rate, which was only slightly lower than the Big Three's and low national coverage, leaving for another similar operation, Operation Prime Time. In 1979, Metromedia Producers Corporation had also reached a deal with Bob Stewart Productions for an exclusive co-producing agreement.

In 1982, Metromedia made its biggest broadcasting purchase when it acquired WCVB-TV in Boston for $220 million, which at the time was the largest amount ever spent on a single television station property. Two years later, John Kluge bought out Metromedia's shareholders and took the company private.

Also around this time, Metromedia attempted to bring to the air a national newscast for independent stations (much as the rival Tribune Company had created Independent Network News in 1980), planned for launch in the fall of 1983. Unlike INN, the program was planned to be offered as a hybrid, hour-long local/national newscast, fed to affiliates by satellite as a headlines block and three other segments, which could be aired by local stations in whatever order the stations deemed alongside locally produced news content. Also as part of this plan, Metromedia established full news departments for KRIV in Houston and what was then KRLD-TV in Dallas (another news department was planned for WFLD in Chicago, but that department ultimately didn't launch until 1987, after the Murdoch buyout). Metromedia attempted to hire Charles Kuralt away from CBS News to serve as anchor. Kuralt chose to stay to with CBS; John Hart was also considered as an anchor, but ultimately the planned newscast never came to fruition.

In 1985, it made an attempt to revive the comedy Oh, Madeline as The Madeline Kahn Show for first-run syndication, but the deal never came to fruition.

1985-86 divestitures
On May 4, 1985, Kluge announced the sale of Metromedia's television stations, and Metromedia Producers Corp., to News Corporation (owned by Australian newspaper publisher Rupert Murdoch) and 20th Century Fox Film Corporation (owned jointly by Murdoch and Marvin Davis) for $3.5 billion. With the exception of WCVB-TV (which was subsequently sold to the Hearst Corporation), all of the former Metromedia stations formed the nucleus of the Fox Broadcasting Company (which began operations on October 9, 1986), while MPC was folded into 20th Century Fox Television. The transactions became official on March 6, 1986. Because of these transactions, and the fact that Metromedia was originally spun off from the DuMont Television Network, radio personality Clarke Ingram has suggested that the Fox network is a revival or at least a linear descendant of DuMont.

Kluge also sold Metromedia's outdoor advertising firm, the Harlem Globetrotters, and the Ice Capades in 1985, its cellular phone and yellow pages divisions to the Southwestern Bell Corporation (now known as the second incarnation of AT&T,  due to SBC's acquisition of AT&T Corporation in 2005) and spun off the radio stations into a separate company (which took on the Metropolitan Broadcasting name)

Legal battles
In retaliation for a lawsuit brought by Paul Winchell, who sought the rights to his children's television program Winchell-Mahoney Time, which was produced at KTTV in Los Angeles during the mid-1960s, it is believed that KTTV management destroyed the program's video tapes. In 1989 Winchell was awarded nearly $18 million as compensation for Metromedia's capricious behavior.

In 1983, Christine Craft, a former evening news co-anchor at KMBC-TV in Kansas City, sued Metromedia on claims of fraud and sexual discrimination. After spending eight months at KMBC-TV in 1981, she was demoted to reporting assignment after a focus group study claimed Craft was "too old, too unattractive and not deferential to men" in the eyes of viewers. Craft declined the reassignment and subsequently resigned from the station. Craft initially won her case, though she lost on appeal at the U.S. Supreme Court.

Ownership of film studios
On May 22, 1986, Metromedia acquired a 6.5% stake in Orion Pictures Corporation; a movie and television studio. By December, the stake in Orion's ownership was increased to 9.3% to 12.6% and on April 12, 1988, to 44.1% On May 20, 1988, Metromedia acquired Sumner Redstone's share for $78 million, holding a majority stake in Orion Pictures worth nearly 67%. In 1995, Kluge merged Orion, MCEG Sterling Entertainment (producer of the Look Who's Talking series), the holding company Actava, and Metromedia into a new Metromedia International Group. In November 1995, Metromedia announced that it would acquire Motion Picture Corporation of America (MPCA) for $32 million, followed by The Samuel Goldwyn Company for $115 million in February 1996. On April 11, 1997, Metromedia sold Orion/Goldwyn and MPCA to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) for $573 million and was closed on July 10 of the same year. In 1998, MPCA broke apart from MGM becoming independent again.

Activities following film sale
Following the sale of the film business to MGM, Metromedia still owned Metromedia Restaurant Group (which it had renamed from S&A Restaurant Group, which was acquired from Grand Metropolitan) in 1990 as well as Metromedia Fiber Network. The latter went bankrupt a few years later and became AboveNet, while the former went bankrupt in 2008.

Typeface
Beginning in 1967, Metromedia's television stations began utilizing a sans-serif typeface for their on-air logo. The typeface was a proprietary one called Metromedia Television Alphabet, which was as distinctive as the typeface employed by Group W unit of Westinghouse Electric for its TV and radio stations beginning in 1963. Metromedia Television Alphabet was used for the channel numbers of its television stations until 1977, when another typeface modeled slightly after the Futura family was introduced.

Former Metromedia stations
Stations are listed alphabetically by state and city of license.

Two boldface asterisks appearing following a station's call letters (**) indicate a station that was built and signed-on by Metromedia or its predecessor companies. This list does not include WDTV (now KDKA-TV) in Pittsburgh or KCTY in Kansas City. Although DuMont owned the two stations at some point, Metromedia never owned either of these two stations.

Television stations

Radio stations

Television syndication
This is a list of television programs that were produced and/or syndicated by Metromedia Producers Corporation (MPC):

 Allen Ludden's Gallery (1969)
 The Ann Sothern Show (1958–1961)
 B.A.D. Cats
 Charlie's Angels
 Chopper One
 The Cross-Wits (1975–1980) (co-produced with Ralph Edwards Productions)
 Crusader Rabbit (1950–1952, 1956–1959)
 Dusty's Trail (1973–1974) (co-produced with Redwood Productions and Writer First Productions)
 Dynasty (distributor, 1985–1986)
 Expedition Danger
 Family
 Firehouse (1974) (co-produced with Stonehenge Productions)
 Groovie Goolies and Friends
 The Great Space Coaster (co-produced with Sunbow Productions)
 Hart to Hart
 Here We Go Again (1973)
 Hit Man (co-produced with Jay Wolpert Productions)
 Jane Goodall and the World of Animal Behavior
 Jeopardy! (original version - distributor, 1974)
 Kids Are People Too (1978–1982)
 Little Gloria... Happy at Last (1982; mini-series)
 Mayberry RFD (distributor)
 The Merv Griffin Show (distributor/co-producer, 1972–1983)
 Movin' On (distributor)
 My Favorite Martian (distributor)
 National Geographic Specials (1964–1971)
 The New Avengers (U.S. distributor)
 The New Howdy Doody Show (1976–1977)
 Primus (1971–1972) (co-produced with Ivan Tors Films)
 Queen for a Day (1969–1970)
 S.W.A.T.
 Small Wonder (production company, 1985–1986) Soul Train (syndicated by Tribune Entertainment then Trifecta Entertainment & Media; rights now owned by Paramount Media Networks)
 Star Search (production company, 1983–1986)
 Starsky & Hutch Strange Paradise Strike Force The Super (1972)
 Super Pay Cards (1981–1982; distributor)
 Susie (1953–1957)
 T. J. Hooker That Girl (distributor)
 Thicke of the Night (distributor)
 Too Close for Comfort (1980–1987) (co-produced with D.L. Taffner Productions)
 Truth or Consequences (distributor, 1966–1978) (co-produced with Ralph Edwards Productions)
 The Undersea World of Jacques Cousteau Untamed World (co-produced with the CTV Television Network)
 Vauldeville Vega$ (1978–1981) (distributor)
 Wild Times (1980; mini-series)
 Winchell-Mahoney Time (1965–1968)
 Wonderama'' (1955–1977, 1980–1983)

Notes

References
https://github.com/microsoft/WindowsAppSDK/issues/3089#issue-1430110636

External links

New York Times 1986 announcement of Metromedia liquidation
Metromedia Radio, a Web based radio station holds the WNEW tape archive and trademark rights to the Metromedia name and Soundmark rights to the WNEW and Metromedia Radio jingles

Defunct broadcasting companies of the United States
Defunct television broadcasting companies of the United States
Defunct radio broadcasting companies of the United States
Fox Broadcasting Company
Publishing companies established in 1956
DuMont Television Network
Defunct radio networks in the United States
Fox Television Stations
The Walt Disney Company subsidiaries
1956 establishments in New York City
1997 disestablishments in New York (state)
Mass media companies disestablished in 1997
Publishing companies disestablished in 1997
Mass media companies established in 1956

Metromedia


O Grupo de Forcados Amadores de Azambuja é um grupo de forcados sedeado em Azambuja, no Ribatejo. O Grupo foi fundado a 27 de Outubro de 1967.

História
O Grupo foi fundado em 1967. Os 8 elementos fundadores foram: Fernando Barreto (Cabo), Pedro Andrade, Afonso Guerra, José António Félix ,João Alves, Fernando Libano, Isaac Lopes e Carlos Azevedo. Contaram com a preciosa ajuda do aficionado César Fernandes.

A estreia do Grupo decorreu numa corrida realizada a 27 de Outubro de 1967 na vila de Azambuja.

A estreia do Grupo decorreu na Praça de Toiros da Terrugem, no concelho de Elvas, a 3 de Junho de 2000. O novo Grupo, sob o comando do Cabo fundador Ivan Nabeiro, pegou 4 novilhos das ganadarias Goes e Brito Limpo.

Durante a sua história o grupo conta com participações em dezenas de corridas realizadas em Espanha e França.

A inauguração da nova Praça de Toiros Dr. Luís Ortigão Costa, em Azambuja, impactou positivamente na actividade do Grupo. Inaugurada em 2011, a nova praça permite ao Grupo actuar com regularidade na sua terra.

Cabos
Fernando Barreto (1967–1971)
José António Félix (1971–1976)
Francisco Vassalo (1976–1986)
Carlos Leonardo (1986–1997)
Pedro Núncio (1997–2001)
Luís Silva (2001–2003)
José Quitério (2003–2004)
Joaquim Carvalho (2004–2006)
Fernando Coração (2006–2015)
André Letra (2016–presente)

Elvas

Grupo de Forcados Amadores de Azambuja


Perseverance (hrv. ustrajnost, upornost) je marsovski rover proizveden u Laboratoriju za mlazni pogon kao dio NASA-ine misije Mars 2020. Perseverance nosi sedam znanstvenih instrumenata za proučavanje marsovske površine u krateru Jezero. Ima ukupno 23 kamere i dva mikrofona. S roverom je lansiran helikopter Ingenuity koji je izvršio prvi let na drugom planetu 19. travnja 2021. godine. Rover je lansiran 30. srpnja 2020. u 7:50 EDT (11:50 UTC) s Cape Canaverala na raketi Atlas V, a potvrda da je rover uspješno sletio na Mars primljena je 18. veljače 2021.

Perseverance je napravila ista skupina inženjera koja je napravila Curiosity, i oba su rovera jako slična. Inženjeri su redizajnirali Perseverance-ove kotače kako bi bili robustniji nego od Curiosity-a, koji su pretrpjeli neke štete.  Rover posjeduje robotsku ruku s pet zglobova dugu 2.1 m. Ruka će se koristiti za analizu geoloških uzoraka s marsovske površine. RTG ima masu od 45 kilograma i sadrži 4.8 kilograma plutonijevog dioksida kao izvora stalnog opskrbe toplinom koja se pretvara u električnu energiju. Proizvodnja električne energije iznosi oko 110 W pri pokretanju, s malim smanjenjem tijekom misije. Sličan način napajanja korišten je kod misije Viking.

Glavni ciljevi
Rover Perseverance će na Marsu:

 Istražiti geološki raznoliko mjesto slijetanja
 Procijeniti mogućnost drevnog života
 Potražiti znakove drevnog života, posebno u stijenama za koje se zna da vremenom čuvaju znakove života
 Prikupiti uzorke stijena i tla koji bi bili vraćeni na Zemlju budućom NASA-inom misijom
 Demonstrirati tehnologiju za buduće robotske i ljudske misije

Galerija

Vidi također

 Curiosity
 Spirit
 Opportunity
 Sojourner
Ingenuity

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Mars 2020: Službena web-stranica
 NASAfacts - Mars 2020/Perseverance

NASA
Marsovi roveri

Perseverance


Elizabeth "Bess" Virginia Truman (født Wallace 13. februar 1885, død 18. oktober 1982) var USA's førstedame i perioden 1945 til 1953, hvor hendes mand, Harry S. Truman var præsident.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

USA's førstedamer
Amerikanere i 1800-tallet
Amerikanere i 1900-tallet

Bess Truman


Otoci u Australiji:
 Nepean (otok u Norfolku)
 Nepean (otok u Queenslandu), otoci Torresovog prolaza

Nepean


Alfonso Nieto Tamargo (Oviedo, Asturias, 23 de mayo de 1932-Pamplona, Navarra, 2 de febrero de 2012) fue un abogado (Doctor en Derecho) y periodista español. Fue rector de la Universidad de Navarra (1979-1991).

Biografía
Estudió en el Colegio de la Inmaculada de Gijón y se licenció en Derecho en 1954 por la Universidad de Oviedo obteniendo el premio extraordinario fin de carrera "Francisco Beceña". En 1957 se doctoró en Derecho en la misma universidad, donde fue profesor ayudante y adjunto de derecho mercantil hasta 1961. Tras realizar estudios de postgrado en la Sorbonne, Barcelona y Heidelberg, obtuvo el título de periodista y se incorporó como profesor a la Facultad de Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de Navarra.

Entre 1969 y 1972 fue director del Instituto de Periodismo de la Universidad de Navarra, y desde 1972 hasta 1974, decano de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Información. En 1974 se incorporó como profesor de Empresa Informativa a la Facultad de Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, y dos años después obtuvo la Cátedra, siendo el primer catedrático de Empresa Informativa en España.

Tras ocupar el cargo de vicerrector de la Universidad de Navarra durante dos años (1977-1979), fue rector de la universidad (1979-1991).

Premios
 Journal of Media Economics Award of Honor (1998)
 Medalla de Oro de la Universidad de Navarra (2002)
 Doctor honoris causa por la Universidad Austral de Buenos Aires (2002)
 Doctor honoris causa por la Facultad de Comunicación Institucional de la Pontificia Universidad de la Santa Cruz (Roma), (16 de abril de 2007)
 Cruz de Carlos III El Noble de Navarra (2009).

Publicaciones
Publicó 14 libros, entre los que destacan, por orden cronológico:
 El concepto de empresa periodística (1967)
 La empresa periodística en España (1973)
 La prensa gratuita (1984)
 Cartas a un empresario de la información (1987)
 Concentración informativa en España: Prensa diaria (1989)
 Empresa informativa (1993)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 El catedrático Alfonso Nieto recibe la Cruz de Carlos III el Noble de Navarra del Gobierno de Navarra
 Alfonso Nieto, in memoriam
 Fallece el presidente de "Rome Reports", Alfonso Nieto Tamargo

Antiguos alumnos del Colegio de la Inmaculada (Gijón)
Alumnos de Derecho de la Universidad de Oviedo
Profesores de la Universidad de Oviedo
Catedráticos de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Catedráticos de la Universidad de Navarra
Rectores de la Universidad de Navarra
Nacidos en Oviedo
Nieto
Fallecidos en Pamplona

Alfonso Nieto Tamargo


Antonio Prior Martínez, nascido em Torreagüera  a 12 de agosto de 1913 e falecido a 11 de julho de 1961, foi um ciclista espanhol, profissional entre 1933 e 1943. Se nacionalizou francês em 1949. O seu irmão Francisco também foi ciclista.

Palmarés
 1936
 Trofeo Masferrer
 Seis dias de Buenos Aires (com Rafael Ramos)

 1937
 3 etapas da Volta a Marrocos

Resultados nas grandes voltas

Ligações externas
 Ficha de Antonio Prior em sitiodeciclismo.net

Ciclistas da Espanha

Antonio Prior


සලෝහිතත්වය ("ලේ නෑකම") යනු, අනෙකෙකු මෙන්ම එකම ඤාතිත්වය දැරීමෙහි ලක්ෂණයයි. එනයින් බලන කල, සලෝහිතත්වය යනු, අනෙකුත් පුද්ගලයෙකු මෙන්ම එකම පූර්වජයෙකු වෙතින් පැවත ඒමෙහි ඌරුවයි.

සලෝහිතත්වය


Mary (født cirka 1894, død 13. september 1916) var en fem tons tung indisk elefant, også kendt som "Morderiske Mary", der optrådte i det amerikanske cirkus Sparks World Famous Shows. Den dræbte en dyrepasser i Kingsport (Tennessee) og blev efterfølgende hængt i den nærliggende by Erwin. Dens død er undertiden blevet fortolket som en advarsel mod dyrplageri i begyndelsen af 1900-tallet.

Red Eldridges død
Den 11. september 1916 blev en hjemløs mand ved navn Red Eldridge, som havde et job med at feje på et hotel, ansat som dyrepasser i Sparks World Famous Shows-cirkusset. Han blev dræbt af Mary i Sullivan County (Tennessee) om aftenen den følgende dag.

Omstændighederne om drabet er uklare, idet der foreligger flere modstridende beretninger om det, men den følgende er refereret flere gange. Eldridge blev, skønt han ikke var kvalificeret til dette, sat til sammen med andre assistenter at føre elefanterne hen til en grøft for at drikke, og han red på Mary. På tilbagevejen fik Mary øje en halv vandmelon, der lå på vejen, og tog den for at æde den. Eldridge, der var helt ukendt med pasning af elefanter, prøvede at få Mary til at gå videre ved at stikke en spids kæp ind i dens krop. Dette blev Mary så irriteret over, at hun med snablen hev Eldridge ned fra ryggen og kastede ham ind i en større genstand, muligvis et vandtrug. Efterfølgende trådte hun på hans hoved, som blev knust.

En lokal avis beskrev episoden sådan, at Mary efterfølgende stødte sin stødtand ind Eldridges krop og med et gevaldigt sving med hovedet kastede liget ind blandt tilskuerne. Dette lyder dog ikke troværdigt, idet billedet af elefanten fra hængningen viser, at Mary enten ikke havde stødtænder, eller at de var ganske korte, sådan som det er almindeligt blandt indiske elefanter.

Henrettelsen
Hvad der skete efterfølgende står hen i usikkerhed som følge af sensationspræget journalistik og mytedannelse. De fleste vidner er enige om, at Mary ret hurtigt blev rolig og i hvert fald ikke angreb tilskuerne, som begyndte at råbe "Dræb elefanten! Dræb elefanten!". I løbet af få minutter forsøgte en lokal smed, Hench Cox, at skyde Mary, men hans fire skud gjorde kun begrænset skade. Senere truede ledere i nabobyerne med ikke at give cirkusset tilladelse til at optræde, hvis Mary var med. Cirkusdirektør Charlie Sparks måtte modstræbende indse, at den eneste måde i en fart at imødegå den potentielt ruinerende situation for cirkusset var at slå den nu sårede elefant ihjel offentligt.

Den følgende dag 13. september, en tåget og regnfuld dag, blev Mary transporteret med tog til Erwin i Unicoi County, hvor en forsamling på mere end 2.500 mennesker (herunder de fleste af byens børn) var mødt frem. Elefanten blev nu hængt mellem kl. 16 og 17 fra en kran, der var monteret på en togvogn. Første forsøg gik galt, idet kæden brast, hvorved Mary styrtede til jorden og brækkede sin hofte, mens snesevis af børn flygtede i panik. Den voldsomt kvæstede elefant døde i andet forsøg og blev efterfølgende begravet ved siden af jernbanesporet. Inden da undersøgte en dyrlæge liget af Mary og kunne konstatere, at hun havde lidt af en alvorlig tandpine, præcis det sted hvor Eldridge havde stukket sin kæp ind.

Der blev i bladet Argosy flere år senere sat spørgsmålstegn ved autenticiteten af det berømte foto af hængningen (stærkt retoucheret), men andre fotografier taget ved samme lejlighed sandsynliggør, at det stammer fra begivenheden.

Eftermæle
Mary har siden sin død optrådt i forskellige kunstneriske sammenhænge, især i skønlitteratur og sange.

Referencer

Berømte elefanter

Mary (elefant)


Dieser Artikel behandelt die russische Fußballnationalmannschaft bei der Europameisterschaft 2012 in Polen und der Ukraine. Die russische Mannschaft nahm zum vierten Mal an einer EM-Endrunde teil und schied zum dritten Mal in der Vorrunde aus. Der Vorgänger, die sowjetische Mannschaft nahm sechsmal teil und die beiden Mannschaften sind zusammengerechnet damit nach Deutschland häufigster Teilnehmer. 1960 konnte die UdSSR bei der ersten, noch als "Europapokal der Nationen" firmierenden Austragung den Titel gewinnen.

Qualifikation
Russland absolvierte die Qualifikation zur Europameisterschaft in der Qualifikationsgruppe B.

Spielergebnisse

Abschlusstabelle

Bester Torschütze war Roman Pawljutschenko mit vier Toren.

Vorbereitung

Die russische Mannschaft bestritt unmittelbar vor der EM noch drei Testspiele: Am 25. Mai spielte sie in Moskau erstmals gegen Uruguay (1:1, Tor: Alexander Kerschakow), am 29. Mai in Nyon gegen Litauen (0:0) und am 1. Juni in Zürich gegen Italien (3:0, Tore: Alexander Kerschakow und 2× Roman Schirokow), dem einzigen Testspiel bei dem zwei EM-Teilnehmer gegeneinander antraten.

Spiele Russlands

EM-Vorrunde
Bei der Auslosung wurden die Russen, sowie Griechenland und Tschechien dem als Gruppenkopf der Gruppe A gesetzten Gastgeber Polen zugelost. Gegen Tschechien gab es bisher erst ein Spiel: In der EM-Vorrunde 1996 trennten sich beide mit 3:3, wobei den Tschechen durch das 3:3 in der 90. Minute der Viertelfinaleinzug gelang. Gegen Polen spielte Russland zuletzt am 22. August 2007. In Moskau trennten sich beide 2:2. Auch die Gesamtbilanz gegen Polen war mit je einem Sieg, einem Remis und einer Niederlage vor der EM ausgeglichen. Gegen Griechenland ist die Bilanz mit 3 Siegen, 5 Remis und 1 Niederlage vor der EM positiv. Beide trafen zuletzt vor der EM am 11. November 2011 in Piräus aufeinander und trennten sich 1:1. Bei der letzten EM gewann Russland in der Vorrunde mit 1:0 gegen Griechenland und vier Jahre zuvor war Russland die einzige Mannschaft die gegen den späteren Europameister gewinnen konnte, das 2:1 war aber für das Erreichen des Viertelfinales nicht mehr von Bedeutung. Die Russen waren zu dem Zeitpunkt schon ausgeschieden.

Vorrundengruppe A:

Alle Spiele finden in Polen statt.

Kader
Am 11. Mai 2012 benannte Nationaltrainer Dick Advocaat, der nach der EM – wie schon vor der EM bekanntgegeben – zurücktrat, den vorläufigen Kader für die Fußball-Europameisterschaft 2012.  Am 20. Mai wurde der zuletzt verletzte Wassili Beresuzki aus dem Kader gestrichen. Am 24. Mai musste zudem Roman Schischkin aufgrund einer Gastritis aus dem Kader gestrichen werden. Im russischen Kader standen wie im niederländischen Kader mit je 13 Spielern die meisten Spieler mit EM-Endrunden-Erfahrung.

Einzelnachweise

Russland
2012

Fußball-Europameisterschaft 2012/Russland


An Pescatoria bella in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Pescatoria bella in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pescatoria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Colombia. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Pescatoria

Pescatoria bella


Vila Tončić je zgrada u Splitu, Hrvatska. Nalazi se na adresi Slavićeva 44.

Opis
Vila je sagrađena 1922. godine. Arhitekti su bili Kamilo Tončić i Karel Beneš. Uz nju je perivoj. Kraj nje prolazio je nekad usjek pruge, koja je danas pod zemljom.

Jedinstvena ambijentalna cjelina izgrađena je 1922. za Kamila Tončića, autora najznačajnijih secesijskih građevina u Splitu, ravnatelja Obrtne škole, utemeljitelja Etnografskog muzeja i prvog ravnatelja Galerije umjetnina. Projekt vile izradio je češki arhitekt Karel Beneš, profesor splitske Obrtne škole, ali ga je Tončič izmijenio. Sam je projektirao interijer vile i elemente vrta, fontanu, klupe, stupove i vaze koje su izradili učenici Obrtne škole. Prostornom organizacijom i arhitektonskim oblikovanjem vila Tončić ima obilježja kasnosecesijskoga sloga, iako s obzirom na godinu izgradnje potpuno zakašnjelog.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-4895 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao profana graditeljska baština.

Izvori

Zgrade u Splitu
Zaštićene stambene građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji

Vila Tončić u Splitu


එම කාලයේ බොහෝ මනෝ චිකිත්සකයින් මෙන්ම එලිස් ඔහුගේ උසස් උපාධි කටයුතු අවසන් වීමෙන් පසු මනෝ විශ්ලේෂණයේ වැඩිදුර පුහුණුවක් ලැබීය. ඔහු සිග්මන්ඩ් ප්‍රොයිඩ්ගේ න්‍යායන් කෙරේ කැමැත්ක් දැක්විය. ඔහුගේ Ph.D උපාධිය ලබා ගැනීමත් සමඟම රිචර්ජ්ඩ් හල්බෙක්ගේ අධීක්ෂණය යටතේ (මොහු විශ්ලේෂණ පුහුණුවේ පුරෝගාමියකු සහ Richard Hulbeck  පර්යේෂණයේ ආරම්භකයා වන Hermann Rorschach ගේ ගෝලයෙකි.) පුද්ගල විශ්ලේෂණය සඳහා වැඩමුළුවක් ආරම්භ කෙරිණි. ඇල්ප්‍රඩ් ඇඩ්ලර්, එරිච් ප්‍රෝම් සහ හැරී ස්ටැක් සුල්වියන් වැන්නන්ගේ නිබන්ධයන් Ellis ගේ මනෝ විද්‍යාත්මක ආකෘති හැඩ ගැස්වීම සඳහා බලපෑම් කළ නමුදු මොහුගේ චින්තනය සඳහා වඩාත්ම බලපෑමක් කලේ කරන් හොනී විසිනි. Ellis "ඇල්ෆ්‍රඩ් කෝරිස්ක්" සහ ඔහුගේ ග්‍රන්ථය "විද්‍යාව සහ ප්‍රකෘති සිහිය" සහ සහේතුක චිත්තවේගී ප්‍රති කර්මය සඳහා දර්ශනවාදය බිහි කිරීම සඳහා ද සම්මාන ලබා ඇත.

1953 ජනවාරිහි දී ම‍නෝ විශ්ලේෂණයේ පථයේ ඔහු ලැබූ විවේකය අවසන් වීමත් සමඟ තමා සහේතුක චිකිත්සකයෙක් ලෙස හැඳින්වීමට පටන් ගත්තේය. 1955 දී ඔහු තම සහේතුක ප්‍රතිකර්මයේ නව ප්‍රවේශණය ආරම්භ කරන ලදී. එම ප්‍රතිකාරයේ දී චිකිත්සකයා විසින් තම රෝගියාගේ චිත්ත වේගී විඩාවන් සඳහා හේතු වන ඔහු තුළම ඇති විශ්වාසයන් හඳුනා ගැනීමට උදව් සපයයි. එමඟින් ඔහු තුළ ඇති අනර්ථකාරී විශ්වාසයන් සහ හැසිරීම් ඒවායේ දෘඪ බව සහ අහේතුක බව පෙන්වා දීම මඟින් වෙනස් කිරීමට උත්සාහ කරයි. ඔහු විසින් සියල්ලටම හේතු වනුයේ "තමා සියලු අනිත් අංග සම්පූර්ණ වීම" තමා සියල්ලන්ගෙන් ආදරය ලැබීම" වැනි ප්‍රධාන අහේතුක චින්තනයන් නිසා බව විශ්වාස කරන ලදී. තවද සහේතුක විශලේෂණය මඟින් පුද්ගලයින්ට තමා තුළ ඇති අහේතුක චින්තනයන් හඳුනාගෙන වඩා සහේතුක (තර්කානුකූල) අවස්ථාවකට පත්වි හැකි බව විශ්වාස කරන ලදී. 1954 දී ඔහු තමාගේ උපක්‍රම අන් චිකිත්සකයින්ට ඉගැන්වීමට පටන් ගනී. 1957 දී එලිස් විසින් චිකිත්සකයින් රෝගීන්ගේ චින්තනය සහ චර්යාවන් වෙනස් කිරීම මඟින් ස්නායු ව්‍යාධීන්ට ප්‍රතිකාර කරන බවට ප්‍රකාශ කිරීම මඟින් ඥාණාත්මක චර්යා ප්‍රතිකර්මයේ මූලික අඩිතාලම දැමීය. එයට වසර දෙකකට පසු ඔහුගේ නව ක්‍රමයන් එලි දක්වමින් "ස්නායු ව්‍යාධිකයකු සමඟ ජීවත් වන ආකාරය" ග්‍රන්ථය එලි දැක්වීය. ඔහු මෙම නව ප්‍රවේශණයේ පිළිබඳ විස්තර ඇමරිකානු මනෝ විද්‍යා සංගමයේ සමුළුවක දී ගෙන හැර දක්වන ලදී. එකල්හි එයට වැඩි අවධානයක් යොමු නොවුව ද කිහිප දෙනෙක් විසින් අනාගතයේ එය කාලීන චින්තනයක් වන බව හඳුනා ගන්නා ලදී. එම කාලයේ දී ව්‍යාප්ත වී තිබුණ පර්යේෂණාත්මක චර්යා වාදය සහ ශායනික මනෝ විද්‍යාවේ ප්‍රොයිඩ් , ජුන්ග්, ඇල්ඩර් සහ පර්ලිගේ මනෝ විශ්ලේෂණාත්මක න්‍යායන් සඳහාය.එලිස්ගේ ප්‍රවේශණය ඥාණාත්මක, චිත්ත වේග, චර්යාව යන ක්‍රම ගැන අවධානය යොමු කළ ද ඥාණාත්මක විෂයේ ඔහුගේ ඇති බලවත් ආකර්ෂණය නිසා ඇල්ෆ්‍රඩ් ඇඩ්ලර් හැර අනෙකුත් මනෝ විද්‍යාඥයින්ගේ බලවත් නොකැමැත්තට හේතු විය. එමනිසා ඔහුට ප්‍රකාශනයන්හි දී සහ සමුළුවන්හි දී විවිධ එදිරිවාදිකම්වලට මුහුණ දීමට සිදු විය.

ඔහුගේ ප්‍රවේශණයට සෙමින් හැඩ ගැස්වීමට වුව ද ඔහු තමාගේම ආයතනයක් ඇරඹීමට සමත් විය. ඔහුගේ සහේතුක ජීවිතයක් සඳහා වන ආයතනයට 1959 දී ලාභ සඳහා නොවන සංවිධානයක් මඟින් ආධාර ලබා දුණි. 1968 දී නිව් යෝර්ක් ජනපද රාජ්‍යාධිකාරී කමිටුව මඟින් පුහුණු ආයතනයක් සහ මනෝ විද්‍යාත්මක සායනයක් ලෙස නම් කරන ලදී. ඔවුන්ගේ මානසික ස්වස්ථායී පණත අනුව මනෝ චිකිත්සකයා හදිසි අවස්ථාවක දී ප්‍රතිකාර කිරීම සඳහා ද මෙමගින් ඉඩ ලැබුණි. එම නිසා එලිස් විසින් මූලිකව මනෝ විද්‍යාත්මක පාලකයන් සහ මූලධර්ම මත පදනම් වූ ආයතනයක් බිහි කිරීම සඳහා පුරෝගාමී වීමෙන් සම්මතයන් බිඳ දැමීය.

1965 දී එලිස් විසින් සමලිංගිකත්වය හේතු සහ ප්‍රතිකාර යන්නෙන් ග්‍රන්ථයක් එලි දැක්විය. ඔහුට අනුව සමලිංගිකත්වය රෝගයක් ලෙස ට ද එය සුව කළ හැකි රෝගයක් බවට ද ප්‍රකාශ කළේය. ඔහු මෙය ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කළේ සමලිංගිකත්වය ගැහැනු සහ පිරිමි දෙවර්ගයම පොදු ලෙස හඳුනාගෙන් පළ කළ කින්සේ (Kinsey) ප්‍රකාශනවලට දස වසරකට පසුවය. 1973  ඇමරිකානු මනෝ චිකිත්සක සංගමය සමලිංගිකත්වය මානසික රෝගයක් නොවන බව ද එය ප්‍රතිකාර අවශ්‍ය නොවන තත්වයක් බව ද ප්‍රකාශ කළෝය. එමනිසා 1976 දී එලිස් ඔහුගේ "ලිංගිකත්වය සහ නිදහස් මිනිසා ග්‍රන්ථයේ" සමලිංගිකත්වය බොහෝ විට සුව කළ හැකි වුව ද එය ස්වභාවයෙන්ම හොඳ හෝ ඉතා නරක තත්වයක් (ආගමික මතයන්ට හැර) නොවන නිසා බොහෝ විට ප්‍රතිකාර සඳහා බඳුන් නොකළ යුතු ලෙසට ඔහුගේ මුල් මතය වෙනස් කළේය. නමුත් පාලනය කළ නොහැකි සමලිංගිකත්වය ප්‍රතිකාර කළ යුතු තත්වයක් බවට විවාද කලේය.

2003 දී සහේතුක චිත්වේගී චර්යා ප්‍රතිකාර පිළිබඳ සංගමය විසින් එම ක්‍රමය බිහි කිරීම සහ වර්ධනය සඳහා එලිස් වෙත සම්මානයක් පිරි නැමීය. බිල් ක්ලින්ටන් සහ දලයි ලාමාගේ මූලික සහභාගීත්වයේන සැමරුණු මෙම අවස්ථාවේ දී ඔහු 90 වැනි උපන්දිනය ද සැමරීය. ඔහු මෙම සංගමයේ ගරු කටයුතු සාමාජිකයෙකු ද වෙති.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Ellis#Development_of_Rational_Emotive_Behavior_Therapy_.28REBT.29

හේතුවාදී චිත්ත වේගී චර්යා ප්‍රතිකාරයේ වර්ධනය


شيرو هاماغوتشي (浜口史郎 هاماغوتشي شيرو) هو ملحن ياباني ولد في 19 نوفمبر 1969 في فوكوكا، فوكوكا.

أعماله في الأنمي

مسلسلات أنمي تلفزيونية
 ون بيس (بالتعاون مع كوهيه تاناكا)
 روزاريو + فامباير (بالتعاون مع كوهيه تاناكا)
 روزاريو + فامباير CAPU2 (بالتعاون مع كوهيه تاناكا)
 إيرغايتز (بالتعاون مع أكيفومي تادا)
 كيدي غريد
 فاينل فانتسي: أنليميتد (بالتعاون مع أكيفومي تادا)
 الرمية الكبرى
 الرمية الكبرى: بطولة الصيف
 إيوول: أبسنت ويذاوت ليف
 جويلبيت
 جويلبيت توينكل
 جويلبيت سنشاين
 هاناساكو إيروها
 جيرلز أند بانتزر
 كارنفال (بالتعاون مع كيجي إيناي)
 مثيرو المشاكل يأتون من عالم آخر, أليس كذلك؟
 تاري تاري
 جاليلي دونا
 شيروباكو
 بلياديس نهاية اليوم الدراسي
 هاروتشيكا
 فيلق كوتوبوكي الجوي في البرية

أوفا أنمي
 الرمية الكبرى: أساسيات الأساسيات

أفلام أنمي
 ون بيس: مغامرة الطريق المسدود (بالتعاون مع كوهيه تاناكا)
 ون بيس: السيف المقدس الملعون (بالتعاون مع كوهيه تاناكا)
 ون بيس: أميرة الصحراء والقراصنة (بالتعاون مع كوهيه تاناكا, ياسونوري إيواساكي, كازوهيكو ساواغوتشي ومينورو ماروو)
 ون بيس: معجزة الساكورا في الشتاء (بالتعاون مع كوهيه تاناكا)
 ون بيس: سترونغ وورلد (بالتعاون مع كوهيه تاناكا)
 ون بيس Z (بالتعاون مع كوهيه تاناكا)
 ذكريات طيار
 تماغوتشي: أسعد قصة في الكون

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ملحنو أنمي
ملحنون وملحنات يابانيون
ملحنون يابانيون
ممثلو الأداء الصوتي لشخصيات ون بيس
مواليد 1969
مواليد في فوكوكا (فوكوكا)
موزعون موسيقيون يابانيون
موسيقيو ألعاب الفيديو
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام يابانيون

شيرو هاماغوتشي


Rasmus Marvits (født 14. juni 1978) er dansk tidligere fodboldspiller. Han spillede senest for Lyngby BK.

Karriere
Den 21. juni 2005 blev det offentliggjort, at Marvits skiftede til AC Horsens. Her skrev han under på en toårig kontrakt.

Lyngby Boldklub
Det blev i juli 2007 offentliggjort, at Marvits havde skrevet under på en treårig aftale med Lyngby Boldklub, som han også spillede for i perioden fra 1997 til 2001.

Han var i forlejet 2009 udlejet til Brønshøj Boldklub, hvorefter han vendte tilbage til Lyngby Boldklub.
|url=http://www.bold.dk/fodbold/nyheder/Marvits-strandet-paa-reserveholdet/ |title=Marvits strandet på reserveholdet |date=29. juli 2009 |author=Casper Baunsgaard |access-date=28. februar 2017 |publisher=bold.dk}}</ref>

Aprilsnar
I 2008 var Rasmus Marvits central figur i fodboldnyhedssitet bold.dks aprilsnar. I løbet af dagen var der historier om, at han følte sig forbigået af Morten Olsen til landsholdet, at han var overrasket over et resultat i den polske pokalturnering, at han roste, at Randers FC valgte at skifte deres logo ud fra en hest til en søko som led i et samarbejde med Randers Regnskov samt flere andre historier.

Igen i 2016, 2017 og 2018 var Marvits en del af sitets aprilsnar.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
Rasmus Marvits på transfermarkt.com
Rasmus Marvits på superstats.dk

Fodboldspillere fra Danmark
Fodboldspillere fra Lyngby Boldklub
Fodboldspillere fra FC Nordsjælland
Fodboldspillere fra Køge Boldklub
Fodboldspillere fra AC Horsens
Fodboldspillere fra Brønshøj Boldklub

Rasmus Marvits


Objektif, aşağıdaki anlamlara gelebilir:

 Objektif (fotoğrafçılık), fotoğraflanacak konunun odak noktasında film emülsiyonuna veya sensöre, ışığın iletilerek görüntünün oluşmasını sağlayan, mercek veya mercekler topluluğudur.
 Objektif (müzik grubu)
 Objektif (program)

Objektif (anlam ayrımı)


Colonel George Francis Gillman Stanley  (July 6, 1907September 13, 2002) was a Canadian historian, author, soldier, teacher, public servant, and designer of the Canadian Flag.

Early life and education
George F.G. Stanley was born in Calgary, Alberta in 1907 and received a BA from the University of Alberta in Edmonton. He went to Keble College, University of Oxford, in 1929 as the Rhodes Scholar from Alberta, and held a Beit Fellowship in Imperial Studies and a Royal Society of Canada Scholarship.  He earned a BA, MA, MLitt and DPhil.  Always a keen athlete, he played for the Oxford University Ice Hockey Club, which won the Spengler Cup in 1931. At Oxford, he wrote his book, The Birth of Western Canada: A History of The Riel Rebellions, and began his lifelong work on Louis Riel.

Academic career

Beginnings
Stanley returned to Canada in 1936 and was appointed a professor of history at Mount Allison University in New Brunswick. He joined the military upon arriving there and qualified as a lieutenant in the New Brunswick Rangers. He served as an infantry training officer in Fredericton and then proceeded overseas during World War II as historian (rising to Deputy-Director) in the Historical Section at Canadian Army Headquarters in London, England; he was also responsible for administering the War Artist Program, whose staff included Bruno Bobak, Molly Lamb Bobak, Alex Colville, Charles Comfort, Lawren P. Harris and Will Ogilvie. Stanley was discharged as a Lieutenant-Colonel in 1947. He then taught at the University of British Columbia, holding the first chair in Canadian history in Canada.  He came out of military retirement in 1948 to help fight floods in the Fraser Valley and was on the Reserve of Officers until 1967.  He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship (1949) to do research into the history of Canadian government policy in dealing with Aboriginal people.

In 1949, Stanley began teaching at the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC) in Kingston, Ontario, where he remained for twenty years. At RMC, he became head of the History Department, served as the first Dean of Arts for seven years (1962–1969), and began building a faculty in the humanities and social sciences.  He taught the first undergraduate course in military history ever given in Canada and wrote a textbook, entitled Canada's Soldiers, 1604-1954: The Military History of An Unmilitary People (1954), which became required reading for every service person for three decades. His students included John de Chastelain, Jack Granatstein, and Desmond Morton. Thanks in part to Stanley's efforts as RMC Dean of Arts, the Royal Military College of Canada Pipes and drums were equipped in 1965 with most of their highland kit, including the Mackenzie tartan (RMC was established in 1876 when Alexander Mackenzie was prime minister).

While in Kingston he served as secretary and president of the Kingston Historical Society and edited Historic Kingston for several years.  He was president of the Arts Society, director of the Art Collection Society, served on various committees working to save Kingston's old limestone buildings, was president of the St. Andrew's Society, and acted as clerk of his church's vestry council. Stanley was president of the Canadian Historical Association (1955–1956), a member of the Massey Commission's Committee on Historic Sites and Monuments (1950–1951), and a founding member of the Archaeological and Historic Sites Board of Ontario (1953–1969). He was chairman of the federal government's Centennial Publications Committee and acted as chairman of centennial celebrations in Pittsburgh Township, Ontario. While Stanley was at the Royal Military College, he suggested the design for the Canadian flag, which was adopted on 15 February 1965.

In 1969, Stanley returned to Mount Allison University to become founding director of the new Canadian Studies program, the first of its kind in Canada. He was also the first holder of the Edgar and Dorothy Davidson Chair of Canadian Studies (1969–1975). At Mount Allison, Stanley taught courses in Canadian civilization, dealing with literature, music, architecture and culture. He served as a member of the Commission de Planification Académique de l'Université de Moncton (1969–1972), and a member of the advisory panel on the Symons Commission on Canadian Studies (1972–1975). He was a founding member of the Atlantic Canada Institute. He also served as member of the Federal Government Advisory Board on Canadian Military Colleges (1973–1979), on the Council of the New Brunswick Army Cadet League and of the Maritime Automobile Association, and as president of the New Brunswick Council of St. John Ambulance. He was a director of the Canadian Association of Rhodes Scholars (1983–1987) and of SEVEC, served as a member of the Advisory Board of the Canadian War Museum (1988–1990) and as Honorary Colonel of the Royal New Brunswick Regiment (1982–1992), and continued his long-standing role as corresponding member of the Institut d'histoire de l'Amérique française.

Retirement and after

George Stanley retired from teaching in 1975, but remained active in public life.  From 1981 to 1987, he was Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick, a post in which he served with great distinction. While Lieutenant-Governor, Stanley continued to act as General Editor of The Collected Writings of Louis Riel in five volumes, which appeared in 1985 after seven years of work by five Canadian scholars; this project was published ahead of schedule and under budget. Well into his nineties, Stanley continued to research, write, read manuscripts, review books, give interviews and talks, encourage young scholars, and maintain an active interest in the militia, cadets, St. John Ambulance, and SEVEC. He answered a steady flow of letters from school children asking about the Canadian flag. He never missed an opportunity to promote Canadian citizenship and love of country. In 1998, he donated his book collection to the Special Collections of the MacKimmie Library at the University of Calgary; his personal papers are now also deposited there. Stanley died in 2002 and was buried with full military honours in Sackville, New Brunswick.

Influence
In 2003, a former student reflected: "George Stanley was a scholar revered by his peers throughout the world and equally he was held in the same regard by all his former students, many of whom became professional historians and leaders in their fields across Canada. Stanley was the Head of the History Department when I was a young cadet at RMC.  In a highly organized and rigidly structured environment, he stood out to us as the perfect role model - a gentleman, a scholar, a friend and later a confidant.  He led by example and set his students on a path of personal and individual achievement unhampered by his own prejudices and influences. As a result, Stanley sent his students into the world equipped to make up their own minds and not just echo what they had been taught."

Desmond Morton, one of Stanley's students at RMC in the 1950s, a Canadian military historian and author, and formerly the founding director of Montreal's McGill Institute for the Study of Canada observed:  "George's books and their non-conventional wisdom are a great contribution to this country. When you do the unexpected, you make a difference, and George always argued differently -- especially for the rights of French Canada, which wasn't a popular thing to do at the time."

The historian, R.C. [Rod] Macleod of the University of Alberta, has written that: "Much of English Canada's understanding of the formative years of the Canadian West comes from George Stanley's remarkable work, The Birth of Western Canada. Considering that it was one of the earliest works by an academically trained historian in this country, it has stood the test of time remarkably well. No other work of Canadian history published before the Second World War is as regularly read by historians, students and the general public…. [This] subject will always be identified with his name." In 2015, a Supreme Court of Canada decision on language rights cited The Birth of Western Canada.

Serge Bernier, Director of the Directorate of History and Heritage of the Department of National Defence, noted in Stanley's obituary for the Royal Society of Canada: "George Stanley était un grand érudit, mais aussi un « honnête homme ». Plusieurs générations d'historiens canadiens ont été, et sont toujours, influencées par son travail. Des milliers de Canadien(ne)s, étudiant(e)s ou autres, ont appris à connaître et à apprécier ses qualities humaines. La SRC a perdu en George Stanley un de ses plus prestigieux membres, un de ceux qui font que notre Société brille si bien au Canada comme à l'étranger."

Public life
In 1981, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau appointed George Stanley the 25th Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick since Confederation. The mid-1980s were a festive time as New Brunswickers marked their province's bicentennial and many other historic events. During those years, eminent visitors from around the world, such as Queen Elizabeth II and Pope John Paul II, also came to help New Brunswick celebrate. George and Ruth Stanley, with their strong sense of tradition and their comfortable manner with people from all walks of life, brought "a new level of decorum" to this viceregal role. When George Stanley retired from his post as Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick in 1987, a testimonial dinner was given in his honour at CFB Gagetown; the guests at the head table were all Canadian generals, who had flown in to honour their former professor from the Royal Military College.

Family life

In 1946, George Stanley married Ruth L. Hill (1922–2017), ONB, BA, BCL, LLD, DCLJ, MMLJ, FRSA, a Montreal lawyer (she was gold medalist in law at McGill University). They had three daughters: Della M.M. Stanley [Hon. Thomas Cromwell], Professor Marietta R.E. Stanley (1952–2008) [formerly married to Maurice McAtamney], and Laurie C.C. Stanley-Blackwell [John D. Blackwell]. The Stanleys also have two grandchildren: Thomas E.G.S. Cromwell [Megan Ormshaw] and Ruth L.H.Q. Stanley-Blackwell.

Honours
In 1976, George Stanley was made an Officer of the Order of Canada and was promoted to Companion in 1994. He was also the recipient of twelve honorary degrees (Laval, Mount Allison, St. Dunstan's, Alberta, Royal Military College, St. Francis Xavier, University of New Brunswick, Dalhousie, Calgary, Ottawa, Moncton and St. Thomas), in addition to his five earned degrees. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (FRSC) and of the Royal Historical Society (FRHistS). In 1983, he was made an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada (FRHSC). In 1950, he was awarded the Royal Society of Canada's J. B. Tyrrell Historical Medal. In 1955, he was elected president of the Canadian Historical Association; his landmark presidential address, entitled "Act or Pact? Another Look at Confederation," has been frequently reprinted and remains a core reading for students of Canadian history. He was Professor Emeritus of both the Royal Military College and Mount Allison University.

Early in his career, Stanley received an Army Efficiency Medal, but in 1992 he was awarded a Canadian Forces Decoration (CD); at 85, he was almost certainly the oldest Canadian soldier so to be honoured. Stanley was an Honorary Ex-Cadet #H889 of the Royal Military College. He was made a Knight of Justice of the Order of Saint John (and held the Victoria Medal with bar of the Order), a Knight Grand Cross of the "Acadia Commandery of the Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, Grand Priory in Canada", which he helped establish, and a Comendador of the Brazilian Order of São Paulo.  He was a Fellow of the Company of Military Historians and a Paul Harris Fellow of Rotary International. He was a Life Member of the Royal Canadian Legion, the New Brunswick Teachers' Association, the York-Sunbury Historical Society, the Kingston Historical Society, the United Empire Loyalists' Association of Canada, the Military Institute of Fredericton, the Fredericton Garrison Club, and the Union Club of Saint John.  While he was the Queen's Representative in New Brunswick, he was made an honorary citizen of the "Republic of Madawaska".  In 1994, Stanley was awarded a special certificate of merit by the Kingston Historical Society to mark the 100th anniversary of the Society and to recognize his long devotion to their work and to historical research and architectural conservation.

Historical plaques honouring Stanley have been erected in the Public Library, Stoney Creek, Ontario (includes a bronze bust by Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook), in front of the Public Library, Sackville, New Brunswick, at his boyhood home in Calgary, Alberta, and on the Parade Square, Royal Military College, Kingston, Ontario. Sergeant J.A. Scobbie, 1st Battalion, The King's Own Scottish Borderers, composed a march for bagpipes to mark the occasion of Col. Stanley's official visit to Edinburgh Castle in 1986.  Lisa Lapointe has composed and recorded a ballad, entitled "One Single Leaf," honouring Stanley's role in designing the Canadian maple leaf flag. A street is named for him in Sackville, NB. In 2003, the annual George F.G. Stanley Lecture series in Canadian Studies was established at Mount Allison University to honour his legacy to the university. Stanley's name was added the RMC Wall of Honour in 2015. The Dr. George Stanley School was officially opened in Calgary in 2017. As a Canada 150 project, the town of Sackville, New Brunswick, erected in 2018 a life-size bronze sculpture of Stanley designed by Christian Toth.

Designer of the Canadian Flag

On 23 March 1964, Stanley wrote a formal four-page memorandum to John Matheson, a member of the multi-party parliamentary flag committee, suggesting that the new flag of Canada should be instantly recognizable, use traditional colours, and be a simple design. He included a rough sketch of his design in the memorandum.

Stanley had become friends with Matheson in Kingston, Ontario, where their children learned Scottish dancing together. Two months before the Great Flag Debate erupted on 17 May 1964 with Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson's courageous—or strategic—speech at the Royal Canadian Legion's national convention in Winnipeg, Matheson had paid a visit to Stanley at Royal Military College of Canada.  Over lunch at the RMC mess hall, the two discussed heraldry, the history and the future of Canada, and the conundrum of the flag. And as the two men walked across the parade grounds, Stanley gestured toward the roof of the Mackenzie Building and the college flag flapping atop its tower. "There, John, is your flag," Stanley remarked, suggesting the RMC College Flag's red-white-red as a good basis for a distinctive Canadian flag. At the centre, Stanley proposed, should be placed a single red maple leaf instead of the college emblem: a mailed fist holding a sprig of three green maple leaves.

The suggestion was followed by Stanley's detailed memorandum of 23 March 1964 on the history of Canada's emblems, in which he warned that any new flag "must avoid the use of national or racial symbols that are of a divisive nature" and that it would be "clearly inadvisable" to create a flag that carried either a Union Jack or a fleur-de-lis.  His vision provided a sound rationale and brought together all the key components of the new flag design. Stanley wrote the pivotal flag memorandum in his study at Cluny House, Pittsburgh Township, just east of Kingston; this fine stone residence was built in 1820 by Colonel Donald Macpherson (c.1755-1829), a maternal uncle of Sir John A. Macdonald.  Stanley was forbidden by his superiors at RMC from appearing in person before the Parliamentary Flag Committee, which was made up of 15 MPs from various federal political parties.

The Stanley proposal was placed on a wall of the Flag Committee's meeting room in Ottawa with hundreds of other flag designs, and eventually was selected as one of the final three designs for consideration. In a classic Canadian compromise, the Stanley design, which was supported by the sole NDP member (Reid Scott) on the Flag Committee, beat out John Diefenbaker's flag (a combination of fleurs-de-lis, a maple leaf and the Union Flag) and the Pearson Pennant (three red leaves conjoined on a stem set against a white background with blue bars on either side—a flag proposal designed by Alan Beddoe).

Stanley's design was slightly modified by Jacques Saint-Cyr, a graphic artist with the Canadian Government Exhibition Commission (and ironically a Quebec sovereigntist), who reduced the number of points on the stylized maple leaf from 13 to 11. The Stanley design was officially adopted as the national flag of Canada (replacing the Canadian Red Ensign) by the House of Commons on 15 December 1964 and by the Senate on 17 December 1964, and proclaimed by H.M. Queen Elizabeth II, taking effect on 15 February 1965.  At 2:00 am on 15 December 1964, following the historic vote in the House of Commons to adopt Stanley's maple leaf design as Canada's new flag, Matheson wrote to Stanley: "Your proposed flag has just now been approved by the Commons 163 to 78. Congratulations. I believe it is an excellent flag that will serve Canada well."

Many Canadians did not yet share this sentiment. Shortly before the official flag raising on Parliament Hill in Ottawa on 15 February 1965 (February 15 was declared National Flag of Canada Day in 1996), Stanley received an anonymous death threat. Unperturbed, he attended the ceremony in a colourful and quintessentially Canadian Hudson's Bay coat, which stood out dramatically in a sea of dark formal attire worn by the other dignitaries.

Support for the new flag grew quickly, including in Quebec. As Matheson noted in his book Canada's Flag (1980), "when in June 1965, Dr. George F.G. Stanley of [the] Royal Military College ... was granted an honorary doctorate at Université Laval, he was loudly applauded by the student body when the Canadian flag was referred to in his citation. The applause interrupted the citation." French-Canadian nationalists had long demanded that the Union Jack (Union Flag) be removed from any future Canadian flag.

Some debate lingered over whether Stanley or Saint-Cyr should get credit for the flag, but it was settled in 1995 when Prime Minister Jean Chrétien officially recognized Stanley as the designer of Canada's flag.  Stanley also suggested the name for the Canadian pale, an original vexillological and heraldic device first used in the Maple Leaf flag.

In a feature article for The Canadian Encyclopedia, entitled "The Stanley Flag," Richard Foot observed: "The main players in the flag saga are now gone. Pearson died in 1972, Stanley in 2002 and Matheson in 2013. But what they created has lasted for nearly half a century and counting – flown from the top of the Peace Tower and from thousands of public and private buildings across the country, from embassies around the world, and recently, at Olympic medal ceremonies in Sochi, Russia. The Stanley flag is now a universally-recognized Canadian symbol."  Former Governor-General David Johnston has written in a "letter" to George Stanley, "Our flag dares us to press on with the unfinished work of our country: to be ever more free and fair, just and inclusive; to be keener of mind and kinder of heart. ... Amazing what the right flag – your flag, our flag – can do."

Opposition to immigration in 1938
In their book, None Is Too Many: Canada and the Jews of Europe 1933-1948 (1982), Irving Abella and Harold Troper quote a letter George Stanley wrote on 29 December 1938 to the federal Conservative leader, Robert James Manion, in support of a speech Manion had recently given in Quebec, opposing any immigration "so long as any Canadian remained unemployed." As a novice academic, Stanley had returned to Canada from the University of Oxford in 1936 during the Great Depression and was distressed by the destitution he encountered, particularly in his native western Canada. At that moment (late December 1938), he found it difficult to sympathize with "those who shed tears over the fate of Jews in Europe and who raised funds for the assistance of foreign refugees ... [while they] ignore the distress on their own doorstep. ... Charity begins at home."

Defenders of Stanley on this matter generally note that his opinions, while wrong in retrospect, were also largely irrelevant as Stanley had little personal control over Canadian immigration policy. The exact nature of the Nazi regime was not entirely clear at the time, with many wrongly assuming that their anti-Jewish rhetroic would eventually cool rather than escalate to mass murder.  The Canadian government of the era turned away the MS St. Louis from Halifax in June 1939 and sent it back to Europe, where many of the Jewish refugees on board would eventually be murdered in the Holocaust. Stanley served in the Canadian military during World War II, a cause to which he was profoundly committed. One of his responsibilities was supervising the Canadian War Artists, some of whom made depictions of the concentration camps to the world after they were liberated.

Selected works of G.F.G. Stanley
 The Birth of Western Canada: A History of The Riel Rebellions (1936). Reprint (1992) U. of Toronto Press.
 Canada's Soldiers, 1604-1954: The Military History of An Unmilitary People (1954) Macmillan, Toronto.
 Louis Riel, Patriot or Rebel? (1954) Canadian Historical Association.
 In Search of the Magnetic North: A Soldier-surveyor's Letters from the North-west, 1843-1844 (1955) Toronto, Macmillan.
 In the Face of Danger: The History of the Lake Superior Regiment (1960)
 For Want of a Horse: Being a Journal of the Campaigns against the Americans in 1776 and 1777 conducted from Canada (1961) Tribune Press.
 Louis Riel (1963). Ryerson Press. 1st Paperback Edition, 1972. 5th Printing 1969. .
 The Story of Canada's Flag: A Historical Sketch (1965) Ryerson Press.
 New France: The Last Phase, 1744-1760 (1968) McClelland and Stewart.
 A Short History of the Canadian Constitution (1969) Ryerson Press
 The War of 1812: Land Operations (1983) Macmillan of Canada.
 The Collected Writings of Louis Riel/Les Ecrits Complets de Louis Riel (1985) University of Alberta Press. (Text in French and English)
 Toil And Trouble: Military Expeditions To Red River (1989) Dundurn Press Ltd.
 Battle in the Dark: Stoney Creek, June 6, 1813 (1991).
 The Role of the Lieutenant-Governor: A Seminar (1992).

Footnotes

External links
 Col. the Hon. George F.G. Stanley (1907-2002): A Bio-Bibliographical Website
 The Dr. George F.G. Stanley Book Collection, University of Calgary Libraries
 The Dr. George F.G. Stanley fonds, University of Calgary Libraries
 Fonds George Francis Gillman Stanley, Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa
 The Annual George F.G. Stanley Lecture in Canadian Studies, Mount Allison University

Canadian Rhodes Scholars
Alumni of Keble College, Oxford
1907 births
2002 deaths
Writers from Calgary
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Canadian Anglicans
Lieutenant Governors of New Brunswick
Companions of the Order of Canada
University of Alberta alumni
Flag designers
Academic staff of Mount Allison University
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society
People from Sackville, New Brunswick
Academic staff of the Royal Military College of Canada
20th-century Canadian historians
Presidents of the Canadian Historical Association

George Stanley


Pasul Branisko (în , în  sau foarte rar Purzelgrund, în , în limbajul popular Chvalabohu) este o trecătoare montană situată în partea de est a Slovaciei. Ea traversează munții Branisko și este situată pe drumul de la Poprad la Prešov, peste hotarul care separă regiunile Spiš și Šariš. În partea de sus a trecătoarei există o perspectivă bună asupra regiunii Spiš (castelul Spiš, Spišské Podhradie), iar atunci când vremea este bună poate fi văzut, de asemenea, masivul Tatra Mare. La aproximativ 12 km distanță se află satul Spišské Podhradie.

La 5 februarie 1849, în timpul Revoluției Maghiare de la 1848-1849, a avut loc în pasul Branisko o luptă între trupele imperiale și honvezii maghiari, care s-a încheiat cu victoria maghiară. În 1945 trecătoarea Branisko a fost eliberată în cadrul operațiunii militare din Carpații de Vest, la care a participat, de asemenea, Corpul 1 al Armatei Cehoslovace.

Circulația prin trecătoare a fost dificilă din cauza serpentinelor de pe rampa de vest. În 2003 a fost dat în folosință tunelul Branisko (în prezent cu un singur tub) pe traseul autostrăzii D1.

Note

Legături externe

 Poloha na turistickej mape

Branisko

Pasul Branisko


The MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock was first given out in , one of the four original genre categories added to the VMAs that year. In its first year, the award was called Best Heavy Metal Video, and from 1990 to 1995, it was renamed Best Metal/Hard Rock Video. The category underwent a third, brief name change in 1996, when it was renamed Best Hard Rock Video. In 1997, the award acquired its most enduring name, Best Rock Video, which it retained until 2016. The following year, the word "Video" was removed from all genre categories at the VMAs (despite nominations still going to specific videos), giving this award its current name: Best Rock.

Like all other genre categories at the VMAs, this category was retired briefly in , when the VMAs were revamped and most original categories were eliminated. In 2008, though, MTV brought back this award, along with several of the others that had been retired in 2007.

Aerosmith is the most frequent winner of this award, with a total of four wins between 1990 and 1998. The Foo Fighters are the most nominated acts in this category, having received ten nominations. Closely following them are Aerosmith and Linkin Park, with eight nominations. In 1995, White Zombie's bassist Sean Yseult became the first woman to win this award, while in 2014, New Zealand singer Lorde became the first female solo act to win this male-dominated category.

Recipients

1980s

1990s

2000s

2010s

2020s

See also
 MTV Europe Music Award for Best Rock

Notes

References

MTV Video Music Awards
Rock music awards
Awards established in 1989

MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock Video


Gordon Square is a public park square in Bloomsbury, London, England. It is part of the Bedford Estate and was designed as one of a pair with the nearby Tavistock Square. It is owned by the University of London.

History and buildings

The square was developed by master builder Thomas Cubitt in the 1820s, as one of a pair with Tavistock Square, which is a block away and has the same dimensions. As with most London squares the central garden was originally for the private use of the residents of the surrounding houses, but it now belongs to the University of London and is open to the public. The square is named after the second wife of the 6th Duke of Bedford, Lady Georgiana Gordon, daughter of Alexander Gordon, 4th Duke of Gordon. The university owns many of the buildings in the square and in early 2005 it submitted an application for a refurbishment of the square, including the reinstatement of railings similar to the originals. The work was completed in 2007. The west side of the square is dominated by the listed church of Christ the King and next to it the home of Dr Williams's Library.

The Institute of Archaeology, a department of University College London, is on the north side of the square. The Campaign for Science and Engineering and UCL Urban Laboratory resides in Gordon House, at the square's north-west corner. Gordon Street leads from the north-west corner with the Bloomsbury Theatre close by. The Warburg Institute (part of the School of Advanced Study) is located on the south-west corner of the square, across Tavistock Place.

Nos. 16–26, on the western side of the square, were not completed until 1855, and they represent some of the last buildings created by Thomas Cubitt. They now mostly house UCL academic departments. For example, No. 22 houses the Department of Science and Technology Studies.

Passfield Hall, a halls of residence for undergraduates at the London School of Economics, is on the north side of the square.

Notable residents

The economist John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946) lived at 46 Gordon Square, marked by a blue plaque. Before Keynes moved in, the same house was occupied by a young Virginia Woolf (1882–1941) and her siblings (including the noted painter and interior designer Vanessa Bell)  and frequented by other members of the Bloomsbury Group. The writer and biographer Lytton Strachey lived at No. 51. Houses 43 to 46 are now occupied by the School of Arts, Birkbeck, University of London.

See also
Other squares on the Bedford Estate in Bloomsbury included:
 Bedford Square
 Bloomsbury Square
 Russell Square
 Tavistock Square
 Torrington Square
 Woburn Square

References

External links

 Virtual Tour from UCL
 LondonTown.com information
 Christ the King church, Gordon Square

1820s establishments in England
Squares in the London Borough of Camden
UCL Institute of Archaeology
University of London
Bloomsbury Group locations
Bloomsbury
Garden squares in London

Gordon Square


වනජීවී සංරක්ෂණය වඳ වී යාම වැළැක්වීම සඳහා වන සතුන් සහ ඔවුන්ගේ වාසස්ථාන ආරක්ෂා. වනජීවීන්ට ඇති ප්‍රධාන තර්ජන අතර වාසස්ථාන විනාශය/දඩයම් කිරීම/පරිසර දූෂණය සහ දේශගුණික විපර්යාස ඇතුළත් වේ.

වන ජීවීන්ට තර්ජන

ජනාවාස විනාශය හා ඛණ්ඩනය වීම

වන සංරක්ෂණ දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව සිවිල් ආරක්ෂක බලකායේ සුපිරි වෙළඳ සැල් ගොඩනැංවීමේ කටයුතු පිළිබඳ අධිකාරිය විසින් අනුමත කරන ලද අයදුම්පත වැඩිදුර හදාරන්න වන සංරක්ෂණ දෙපාර්තමේන්තුවට නිර්දේශ ලබා දීම සඳහා සියලුම කටයුතු පිළිබඳ උපදේශක ආරක්ෂක බලකායේ වාර්ෂික ස්ථාන මාරුවීම් සමාලෝචන කමිටු තීරණ ගැනීම හා විකිණීම සඳහා සියලුම අයබදු ගැනීම හා එක්සත් ජනපදය විසින් පකිස්තාන මුස්ලිම් ලීගය පැපුවා නිව් ගිනියා රාජ්‍යයේ නම ලද අයදුම්පත සමග කටයුතු කිරීම සඳහා වූ ජාතික සමුළුව සඳහා සියලුම කටයුතු පිළිබඳ කාරක සභාව පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ උසස් කිරීම සඳහා වූ එක් සර්ගම් සඳහා සියලුම කටයුතු පිළිබඳ උපදේශක කාරක සභාව පාර්ලිමේන්තුවේ.

Overexploitation

හොර දඩයම සහ දඩයම් කිරීම

Culling

පරිසර දූෂණය

දේශගුණික විපර්යාස

විශේෂ සංරක්ෂණය

ලෙදර්බැක් මුහුදු කැස්බෑවා

වනජීවී සංරක්ෂණය


Jazvine  su naseljeno mjesto u općini Busovača, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Stanovništvo

1991.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 1991. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 383

 Hrvati - 375
 Jugoslaveni - 8

2013.

Nacionalni sastav stanovništva 2013. godine, bio je sljedeći:

ukupno: 458

 Hrvati - 456
 Srbi - 1
 ostali, neopredijeljeni i nepoznato - 1

Izvori

Naselja u županiji Središnja Bosna
Busovača

Jazvine (Busovača, BiH)


Jenkinsville bezeichnet mehrere

Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten:
 Jenkinsville (Kentucky)
 Jenkinsville (South Carolina)
 Jenkinsville (Tennessee)
 Jenkinsville (Wisconsin)

Jenkinsville


My Dreamhack er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2013 instrueret af Abbi Moreno.

Handling
Filmen følger Michael Friis under en Counter-Strike turnering i Sverige.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2013

My Dreamhack


Johann Ludwig Daniel Karl Lehnerdt (auch: Lehnert; * 11. April 1803 in Wilsnack; † 16. Dezember 1866 in Magdeburg) war ein deutscher evangelischer Theologe.

Leben
Der Sohn des Schlächtermeisters Carl Jacob Johann Christian Lehnert und dessen Frau Catharina Maria Elisabeth Gerlof, in seiner Prignitzer Heimat am Joachimsthalschen Gymnasium im Jahr 1821 die Hochschulreife. Nachdem er im selben Jahr an der Universität Berlin ein Theologiestudium aufgenommen hatte, wechselte er am 19. Oktober 1822 an die Universität Heidelberg und setzte zurückgekehrt nach Berlin 1823 seine Studien fort. Nach seiner universitären Ausbildung betätigte er sich als Hauslehrer bei einem Herrn von Jagow. An der Universität Marburg erwarb sich Lennerdt 1828 den akademischen Grad eines Lizentiaten der Theologie, habilitierte sich 1829 an der Universität Königsberg als Privatdozent und wurde 1832 außerordentlicher Professor an der dortigen theologischen Fakultät.

Nachdem er dort um 1832/33 zum Doktor der Theologie ernannt worden war, übernahm er 1835 eine ordentliche Professur der praktischen Theologie. Er trat zugleich eine Pfarrstelle an der Löbenichtschen Kirche und wurde zum Konsistorialrat ernannt. 1837 übernahm er die Pfarrstelle an der Königsberger Altstadtkirche und er wurde zugleich Superintendent. In jener Tätigkeit etablierte sich Lehnerdt als Vertreter der lutherischen Kirche, der eine konfessionelle Vereinigung der reformierten mit der lutherischen Kirche unterstützte. In Königsberg beteiligte er sich auch an den organisatorischen Aufgaben der Hochschule und wurde im Wintersemester 1840/41 zum Rektor der Alma Mater gewählt.

Er war in Königsberg zudem Mitherausgeber des Fachjournals der Preußischen Provinzialkirchenblätter, Vorstandsmitglied im Krankenhaus der Barmherzigkeit und setzte sich für die Waisenkinder in Preußen ein. Seine vielfältigen Aktivitäten als Königsberger Kirchen- und Dogmengeschichtler brachten ihm 1851, als Nachfolger von August Neander, einen Ruf an die Universität Berlin ein. Hier war er als Professor der kirchengeschichtlichen Abteilung 1854/55 und 1857/58 Dekan der theologischen Fakultät. 1858 ernannte man ihn zum ersten Prediger am Dom in Magdeburg, zum Konsistorialdirektor und Generalsuperintendenten der evangelischen preußischen Kirchenprovinz Sachsen. In dieser Tätigkeit wirkte er bis zu seinem Lebensende.

Lehnert hatte 1835 in Königsberg Louise Wilhemine Schieferdecker geheiratet.

Werke
 Quaestiones Ioannea. Illustratur locus ex Epist. Ioann. I, cap. V, 14 seqq. Königsberg 1832
 Commentatio de nonnullis Christi effatis unde ipse quid quantumque tribuerit miraculis cognosci liceat. Königsberg 1833
 Commentationis de Andreae Osiandri, Theologi, Regiomontani, ratione ac modo concionandi. Königsberg 1835
 Auctarium. Königsberg 1835, 1845
 De Andrea Osiandro, Theologo Norimbergensi atque Regiomontano, commentatio Historica Theologica. Königsberg 1837, Part. 1 (Online), 1837, Part II; PartI u. II (Online) u. 1841
 Anecdota ad historiam controversiae ab Andrea Osiandro factae pertinentia. Königsberg 1841, Part 1; 1844 Part III (Online)
 Der Dekalog und die evangelischen Gymnasien. Eine theologisch-pädagogische Erörterung. Königsberg 1843
 Die Augsburgische Confession, vom Jahre 1530 als das Grundbekenntniß der evang.-protest. Kirche. 1843
 Christliche Glaubens- und Lebens-Sätze aus dem ersten Briefe Petri. Ein Erinnerungsblatt für die Hörer der in der Trinitatiszeit 1846 über den ersten Brief Petri gehaltenen Predigten. 1846
 Acht Predigten zur Verständigung über die gegenwärtigen Lebensfragen der evangelischen Kirche und ihre heilsame Lösung. Königsberg 1848 (Online)
 Vorwärts! Heißt die Losung der evangelischen Kirche. Predigt über Philipp. 3, 12-16. Vor der Löbenichtschen Gemeinde zu Königsberg. Königsberg 1848
 So bestehet nun in der Freiheit, damit uns Christus befreiet hat. Predigt über Joh. 8, 31-36, am ersten Sonntage nach Trinitatis 1848 vor der Löbenichtschen Gemeinde zu Königsberg gehalten. Königsberg 1848

Literatur
 Veronika Albrecht-Birkner: Pfarrerbuch der Kirchenprovinz Sachsen. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig, 2007, ISBN 9783374021376, Bd. 5, S. 318

Weblink

Einzelnachweise

Generalsuperintendent (Kirchenprovinz Sachsen)
Historiker
Evangelischer Theologe (19. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Albertus-Universität Königsberg)
Rektor (Albertus-Universität Königsberg)
Hochschullehrer (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin)
Deutscher
Geboren 1803
Gestorben 1866
Mann

Johann Ludwig Daniel Karl Lehnerdt


Šimširolike (lat. Buxales), biljni red iz razreda dvosupnica (Magnoliopsida) koji se sastoji od dvije porodice, od kojih je jedna ograničena na Madagaskar i Komore, to je porodica Didymelaceae s rodom Didymeles. Glavna porodica Buxaceae ili šimširovke, nosi ime po rodu šimšir (Buxus), a ostali su Haptanthus, Notobuxus, pahisandra (Pachysandra), sarkokoka ili 'božićni šimšir' (Sarcococca) i Styloceras.

Šimširi (Buxus) su rod otrovnih, vazdazelenih grmova, od kojih je u Hrvatskoj prisutan samo vazdazeleni šimšir (Buxus sempervirens), poznat i kao šimšir pitomi, pušpan, mrča pitoma i dr. Pahisandra (Pachysandra) su rod vazdazelenih puzećih trajnica i polugrmova iz istočne Azije i Sjeverne Amerike, a postoje tri vrste. Sarkokoka, 'božićni šimšir', su vazdazeleni mirisni grmovi, ima ih desetak vrsta a rašireni su po istočnoj i jugoistočnoj Aziji.

Šimširolike su jedini predstavnik nadreda Buxanae.

Porodice
 Buxaceae Dumort.
 Didymelaceae Leandri

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Dvosupnice
Biljni redovi

Šimširolike


AP şu anlamlara gelebilir:

Kurumlar
 Adalet Partisi, Türkiye'de 1961-1980 yılları arasında faaliyet göstermiş siyasi parti
 Avrupa Parlamentosu
 Associated Press
 Audemars Piquet

Terimler
 Access Point (bilişim terimi)
 Acetone peroxide (kimya terimi)

AP


Raftsundet (nordsamisk: Ráktanuorri) er et 20 kilometer langt sund i Hadsel og Vågan kommuner i Nordland fylke  i Norge. Det går fra Ingelsfjorden i nord til Ulvågsundet og Øyhellsundet i syd og skaber forbindelse mellem Hadselfjorden og Vestfjorden. Det befærdes af Hurtigruten og  er hovedruten for skibstrafikken mellem Lofoten og Vesterålen. Turistattraktionen Trollfjorden ligger i Raftsundet.

Natten til 22. september 1954 kom nordgående et skib på hurtigruten, «Nordstjernen» ud af kurs i Raftsundet og ramte Seiholmen ved Hanøya helt mod nord i sundet. Skibet sank efter 20 minutter og fem mennesker omkom.

Geografi
Øerne vest for Raft- og Ulvågsundet tilhører Lofotarkipelet og Hinnøya ligger på østsiden. Regionalt ligger de nordlige 17 km i Vesterålen og den  sydligste del i Lofoten.

Fjeldene som omgiver sundet er omkring tusind meter på Austvågøya med blandt andet Olsanestinden (999 moh.), Svartsundtindan (1 050 moh.) og Trolltindan - mens de på Hinnøya går  op mod ca. 650 moh. med korte, lavere liggende dale mellem højderne som giver plads for lidt bebyggelse. Berggrunnen tilhører  hvoraf omkring halvdelen udgør Raftsundmangeritten. Vest for Ulvøya og Brakøya skærer Grunnfjorden og Trollfjorden sig ind mellem fjeldene. På østsiden går Tennfjorden og midtveis i sundet Raftvågen. Bredden er på mellem 3,4 km i sydenden og ca. 220 meter ved Trongstraumen. Ved Digermulen fortsætter to sunde mod syd: Øyhellsundet på vestsiden af Stormolla og Ulvågsundet på østsiden.

Bosætning
Der er spredt bebyggelse langs hele Raftsundets østside med Kongselva, Tengelfjord, Raften og på Ulvøya i Hadsel. Digermulen i Vågan er den største af Raftsundbygdene. Det tidligere handelssted Hanøy ligger ved indløbet i nordvest.

Trafik
Se også artiklen Lofast
Fylkesvej 868 (Nordland) langs østsiden af Raftsundet går fra Europavej E10 ved Raftsundbroen til Digermulen. Den blev åbnet i 1976 og havde kun forbindelse til andet vejnet med færgeforbindelser fra Kongelva til Kaljord og fra Digermulen til Svolvær. Da Raftsundbroen, som krydser sundet syd for Hanøy, åbnede i 1998 fik bygderne vejforbindelse østover til Svolvær. Ved åbningen af Lofast og Raftsundtunnelen i 2007 åbnede der også forbindelse østover mod Lødingen. Der går nu bilfærge fra Hanøy, via Brottøya og Lonkan, til Kaljord og fra Digermulen til Stormolla.

Turisme
Flere selskaber tilbyder fjordcruise fra forskellige udgangspunkter til Raftsundet og Trollfjorden og hurtigruten har en afstikker ind i fjorden når vejret tillader det. I Raften er der en opstillingsplads for campingvogner og autocampere hvor skibstrafikken kommer tæt forbi.

Kejser Vilhelm 2. af Tyskland ankrede op ud for Digermulen i 1899 og kom senere tilbage flere gange. Dette bidrog til at gøre området kendt i udlandet, og førte til at Raftsundet blev det første sted for cruiseturisme i Lofoten.

Raftsundet i kunst og litteratur
En række kunstnere har op gennem historien brugt Raftsundet som motiv. Af kendte maleri findes Gunnar Bergs Trollfjordslaget, den tyske Themistokles von Eckenbrechers Raftsund fra 1906, Adelsteen Normanns Sommernatt i Raftsundet og flere værker af Karl Erik Harr.

Theodor Kittelsen lavede kunst og postkort med motiver fra Raftsundet, og omtalte det som «...et Billede fra en Eventyrfantasi, her må Stedet være, hvor Prinsessen blev bergtagen.» og Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson brugte følgende ord på at beskrive naturen: «Fjellformasjonene er så forrevne at intet Billede i min sjel fra Mytologiens eller Dramaets krets slår til for rett å utsi den forstenede Bevegelse jeg så på…».

Sagnene fra området fortæller blandt andet hvordan Trollsjøen blev til Trollfjorden ved et øksehug. Et andet sagn fortæller at Austvågøya og Hinnøya en gang hang sammen ved Trongstraumen og at et hug åbnede «Raftvalen» og gjorde sundet sejlbart.

Se også
Trollfjordslaget
Tjeldsundet

Referanser

Noter

Kilder
NRK Nordlands fylkesleksikon: Raftsundet. Besøgt 06. april 2012.

Henvisninger
 NRKs nett-tv: DS «Nordstjernen» forliser i Raftsundet – Kort reportasje med tilbakeblikk.
 Vrakdykking.com DS «Nordstjernen»s forlis.
 Helgelandske: Rutetider for Raftsundfergen. Besøgt 06. april 2012.

Vesterålen
Lofoten
Vågan
Hadsel

Nordlands geografi

Raftsundet


صبحي بركات الخالدي (1889 - 1939) سياسي ترأس الاتحاد السوري (1922-1925) الذي مهد الطريق لتأسيس دولة سوريا التي كان رئيسها الأول، فصبحي بركات بذلك هو أول رئيس للدولة السورية التي تأسست في عهد الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا ولبنان وما زالت مستمرة حتى اليوم.

كان صبحي بركات من الأعيان البارزين في أنطاكية زعيماً للمقاومة ضد الفرنسيين فيها خلال الثورة التي مهدت للحرب التركية-الفرنسية. بعد انتهاء الحرب انتقل بركات إلى حلب (عاصمة دولة حلب التي أنشأها الفرنسيون) واتخذ منها مقرا لنشاطه السياسي. لغة صبحي بركات التي تحدثها منذ ولادته كانت التركية، ولم يكن يستطيع التلفظ بأكثر من بضع كلماتٍ عربيةٍ متتابعةٍ صحيحة القواعد.

كان بركات بعيداً عن التيار الوطني في دمشق الذي كان يناضل ضد الانتداب الفرنسي لتأسيس دولة سورية موحدة عاصمتها دمشق. جزء مهم من هذا التيار كان يؤمن بالقومية العربية منذ أيام الدولة العثمانية وتمثل بحزب الشعب بزعامة عبد الرحمن الشهبندر في العشرينات والثلاثينات والكتلة الوطنية في الثلاثينات، وهو ما كان بركات قصياً عنه بحكم نشأته وتكوينه. لهذا السبب فضلاً عن ميله لأن تكون حلب عاصمة لسورية فإن بركات كان مكروهاً بدمشق، وقد حاول تجنب ذلك من خلال زواجه بليلى ابنة محمد علي العابد وزير ماليته وأحد أعيان دمشق لكن الزواج كان قصيراً ولم يفلح. خلال الثورة السورية الكبرى (25-1927) اتهم بتأييد القصف الفرنسي لدمشق، فطلب منه الفرنسيون تقديم استقالته لتهدئة الرأي العام الثائر، فاستقال من منصبه كرئيس لسورية في 21/ 12/ 1925.

كان بركات تركيًا من ناحية الأصول، والمهنة، واللغة أكثر مما كان سوريًا؛ وكان يتكلم العربية بصعوبة، وأحاط نفسه بحاشية من التركمان شغلت معظم الوظائف العامة العليا لا سيّما تلك المرتبطة مباشرة بالقصر الجمهوري، وعرف عنه تفضيله لحلب كعاصمة البلاد، وهو ما ساهم في تدني شعبيته رغم ما تمتع به «ذكاء وجاذبية» كما يقول ستيفن لونغريج. فاز بركات بمقعد في المجلس التمثيلي لحلب عام 1922، ومقعد في الجمعية التأسيسية نتيجة انتخابات 1928، وآخر في البرلمان السوري الناتج عن انتخابات 1931، وشغل منصب رئيس البرلمان السوري منذ 1932 وحتى 1936.

منذ سوريا العثمانية كان يتمتع بلقب «بيك» واستمرّ يخاطب به، وأسس عام 1930 الحزب الدستوري بوصفه حزبًا محابيًا للفرنسيين؛ وكانت صداقته مع الجنرال ساراي قد مهدت له إلى رئاسة الدولة السورية، على أنه انتهج سياسات أكثر تقاربًا مع الكتلة الوطنية بعد 1932. ويقول المحامي علاء السيّد إنه عرف عنه «نظافة اليد».

العمل السياسي

قبل الرئاسة
مثل صبحي بركات أنطاكية في المؤتمر السوري العام (حزيران/يونيو1919-تموز/يوليو1920)، وفيه أسهم بإعلان المملكة السورية العربية في 8 آذار/مارس 1920. بعد دخول البلاد عهد الانتداب الفرنسي دعم بركات الفرنسيين، وانتهج سياسة المحاباة تجاههم. في بداية نشاطه كان بركات من الثوار على فرنسا ورفيقًا لإبراهيم هنانو خصوصاً الفترة (أيار/مايو1919- تموز/يوليو1920) إلى أن توسط محمود الشركسي أحد وجهاء حلب لإيقاف قتاله فرنسا، ثم زار بواسطة من الشركسي بيروت والتقى هنري غورو ومذاك أخذ يميل بموقفه إلى جانب الانتداب حتى حُسب على المؤيدين له مما حوّل صداقته لهنانو لعداوةٍ وتنافسٍ شديدين، والحق فقد اتهم بمعاداة فرنسا تأييداً لمصطفى كمال الرئيس التركي لأنه كان يخوض حرباً ضدها في قيليقية، وأنه ما إن عقدت الهدنة بينهما عام 1920 (والتي أدت لاتفاقية أنقرة (20/10/1921) حيث تنازلت فرنسا لتركيا عن أراضي قيليقية أو الأقاليم السورية الشمالية من ولايتي حلب وأضنة العثمانيتين) حتى تخلى عن الثورة ضدها ما أدى لانقطاع إمدادات السلاح والذخيرة من تركيا عن ثورة هنانو.

شارك في انتخابات المجلس التمثيلي لدولة حلب عام 1922، وفاز بأحد المقاعد؛ ثم انتخبه المجلس الأعلى للاتحاد السوري بمنصب رئيس الاتحاد -أي رئيس الدولة- بعد إعلان هنري غورو اتحاداً فيدرالياً بين دولة دمشق ودولة حلب ودولة جبل العلويين (22 حزيران/يونيو1922).

الرئاسة

العمل السياسي، والإداري
بموجب قرار تأسيس الاتحاد فإن هيئة تأسيسية من خمسة عشر عضواً، خمسٍ عن كل دولةٍ، شكلت المجلس الاتحادي، وكان بركات أحد ممثلي دولة حلب، ويوم إعلان الاتحاد التأم أعضاء الهيئة التأسيسية في حلب وانتخبوه رئيسًا لها. جمع رئيس الاتحاد مهام تشكيل ورئاسة الحكومة إلى مهامه، إلى جانب مجالس تمثيلية وحكومات فيدرالية داخل المقاطعات الثلاث المكونة له، ولعل من أبرز إنجازات بركات خلال رئاسته الاتحاد، استحداث الدرك السوري وإصدار العملة الورقية السورية وذلك في آب/أغسطس1922 بموجب اتفاق مع دولة لبنان الكبير ودولة جبل الدروز. بعد تعيين ماكسيم ويغان مفوضاً عاماً واستدعاء هنري غورو استجاب ويغان لمطلب السوريين الدائم بالوحدة وأعلن قيام «الدولة السورية» المكونة من دولتي دمشق وحلب (24 كانون الأول/ديسمبر1924)، وجاء في مرسوم استحداث الدولة أن يكون رئيس المجلس الاتحادي السابق رئيساً للدولة لثلاث سنوات أي أن ولاية بركات ستكون لنهاية 1927؛ وكان أن شكل حكومة بركات الثانية الجنرال ساراي خليفة ويغان، ولم ينمّ عن بركات أي مقاومة أو امتعاض من «اقتراح» المفوض الفرنسي.

شهدت رئاسته تزايداً في حرية العمل السياسي والاجتماعي التي وفرها المفوض الفرنسي الجديد الجنرال ساراي، غير أن ذلك لم ينعكس من أيّ من النواحي السياسية أو الإدارية أو الاقتصادية على الدولة، بل على العكس «فقد ازدادت المحاباة، وتعيين الأقارب، وانتشار الرشاوى في أروقة الحكومة، من أجل تعزيز مواقع أقطاب الحكم». بالمقابل قاد عبد الرحمن الشهبندر الذي أسس حزب الشعب -الرحم الذي انبثقت منه لاحقًا الكتلة الوطنية- معارضة قوية ضد بركات مناديًا بالسيادة، والوحدة الوطنية، والحرية الشخصية التامة، والإصلاحات لاسيّما في القضاء، وقد دعم الكساد الاقتصادي تأثرًا بالأوضاع الاقتصادية العالمية معارضة الشهنبدر القوية لبركات.

الثورة السورية الكبرى
لم يدعم بركات الثورة السورية الكبرى، أو يقرّ مطالبها أو يؤيد البيان الذي أصدره سلطان الأطرش، ونبّه الوزراء والمدراء العامين وموظفي الحكومة للأمر ذاته، بل أصدر في 18 تشرين الأول/نوفمبر 1925 قانونًا بالسجن حتى سنتين وبالغرامة حتى خمسمائة ليرة على «كل من يلقي الذعر في نفوس الشعب، ويشوش الطمأنينة العامة في الصحافة أو المجتمع». صدر هذا القانون بعد ثمانية أيام من استدعاء الجنرال ساراي إلى فرنسا وإنهاء مهامه عقب قصفه دمشق بالمدفعية الثقيلة ما سبب دمارًا هائلاً في الأحياء الدمشقية القديمة ولاسيّما حي الميدان وحي سيدي عامود (الذي احترق وتهدم فسمّي الحي الذي قام على أنقاضه الحريقة). هذا الاستدعاء كان دليل تغيير في السياسة الفرنسية وتراجع حظوة «المعتدلين» الذين يمثلهم بركات لتفسح المفوضية الفرنسية المجال للتفاوض مع «الوطنيين». بكل الأحوال فإن بعض الشخصيات الوطنية ومنها هاشم الأتاسي رفضت الموافقة على العنف، أو جرّ البلاد إلى حرب استنزافٍ ضد فرنسا أو قوات جيش الشرق (الجيش الفرنسي في سوريا ولبنان).

لكن ذلك لم يمنع من أن يطغى على عهد بركات منذ تموز/يوليو1925 طابع انتشار المعارك، والمتاريس، والفوضى، والخطب والمقالات الثائرة في مختلف أنحاء سوريا وحتى لبنان الكبير. خلال استقبال المفوض الجديد الكونت هنري دو جوفنيل في كانون الأول/ديسمبر1925 بدا واضحًا فقدان «الحرارة في اللقاء بين المفوض الفرنسي ورئيس الدولة»، ومع تحسن الوضع الأمني في العاصمة والدعوة لانتخابات مجلسٍ تمثيليٍّ قدّم بركات استقالته (21 كانون الأول/ديسمبر1925) بعدما فشل بإقناع الرأي العام أو استمالته، وفقد جميع حظوته لدى المفوضية الفرنسية حتى إن هنري دو جوفنيل طعن به في تقريره أمام لجنة الانتدابات التابعة لعصبة الأمم، ويبدو أن الفرنسيين أرادوه كبش فداءٍ لسياستهم الفاشلة في سوريا.

يوسف الحكيم المعاصر لتلك الفترة ذكر أنه في استقبال المفوض الفرنسي الجديد في بيروت بدا الوجوم على وجه الرئيس، وبعد اللقاء مباشرةً، استدعى بركات كبير مرافقي الوفد الرئاسي عبد القادر بازارباشي وأمره بالعودة إلى دمشق مع الوفد بالسيارة الرئاسية فورًا، أما بركات فظلّ في بيروت واتجه «سيرًا على الأقدام» إلى فندق النورماندي «بينما أعلنت المفوضية الفرنسية نبأ استقالة الرئيس»؛ وتعيين بيير أليب حاكمًا عسكريًا مؤقتًا حتى أيار/مايو1926، حين خلف بركات في رئاسة الدولة الداماد أحمد نامي.

بعد الرئاسة
رشّح بركات نفسه في انتخابات الجمعية التأسيسية عام 1928 وفاز بأحد المقاعد عن حلب، وبعد إعلان الدستور السوري عام 1930، أعلن بركات تأسيس الحزب الدستوري في شمال سوريا غير أن دعمه للفرنسيين وانخراطه في محاباة التحالفات العائلية جعلت الحزب قليل الجماهيرية. عاد وشارك في انتخابات 1931 وفاز عن حلب أيضًا، وتعرض منزله لهجومٍ أدى إلى ثماني إصابات من قبل مناصري الكتلة الوطنية بعد إعلان النتائج، وذلك عقب خسارة الكتلة الوطنية ذات الزعامات الشعبية الواسعة في حلب -مثل إبراهيم هنانو وسعد الله الجابري- أمام بركات، وهو ما ينحو العديدون لاعتباره ناتجاً عن تدخلٍ فرنسي لمصلحة بركات في الانتخابات. بكل الأحوال فقد اعتدى أنصار الكتلة الوطنية على بركات بالضرب بعد أيام قليلة في أحد فنادق حلب؛ وحاول أكرم حوراني ورفاقه اغتياله في بيروت في العام نفسه.

انتخب المجلس النيابي لعام 1932 بركات رئيسًا له في 11 حزيران/يونيو بأغلبية 51 صوتًا مقابل 17 صوتًا لهاشم الأتاسي، وذلك بموجب تسوية صاغها جميل مردم نصت على تشكيل حكومةٍ مناصفةً بين الانتدابيين (المعتدلين) والكتلة الوطنية، وانتخاب رئيس جمهورية محايد ورئيس مجلس نيابي محسوب على المعتدلين، وما ساهم بوصول بركات هو دعم كتلة «نواب الشمال» المؤلفة من 28 عضوًا (من أصل 68) لترشيحه، لكن ذلك لم يسهم بعودة بركات للسلطة التنفيذية مطلقًا ولم يشكل أي حكومة أخرى. يشار إلى أنه في أعقاب تشكيل حكومة حقي العظم الثالثة (3 حزيرن/يونيو1933) وبروز دور الكتلة الوطنية شعبياً وسياسياً، أخذ بركات يميل نحو الكتلة ووقف معها في معارضة الحكومة في مجلس النواب، وفي 24 تشرين الأول/نوفمبر1934 عندما أصدر المفوض الفرنسي شارل دي مارتيل قرارًا بتعليق عمل البرلمان بعد رفضه التصديق على معاهدة الصداقة والتحالف مع فرنسا شكلت الكتلة الوطنية «لجنة عمل» كان بركات أحد أعضائها، وخلال الإضراب الستيني (1936) في أغلب المدن السورية الذي أدى لتشكيل وفدٍ من الكتلة الوطنية مهمته السفر إلى باريس للتوصل إلى اتفاقيةٍ جديدةٍ ومنصفةٍ مع فرنسا، ومع توضح عزلة الانتدابيين (أو المعتدلين) اعتزل بركات في أنطاكية ولم يعد إلى دمشق، ولم يخض انتخابات برلمان 1936 الذي سيطرت عليه الكتلة، وعندما فُصل لواء إسكندرون عن سوريا (1938) كان مقيمًا في أنطاكية وعندما توفي (1939) كان اللواء قد ضم إلى تركيا وهو ما عارضه بشدة.

انظر أيضًا
 حكومة بركات الأولى.
 حكومة بركات الثانية.
 الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا.
 قائمة رؤساء سوريا.

المراجع

أتراك عثمانيون
أشخاص من حلب
تاريخ محافظة حطاي
رؤساء سوريا
رؤساء مجلس الشعب السوري
سوريون في القرن 20
سوريون من أصل تركي
سياسيون سوريون
سياسيون سوريون في القرن 20
مسلمون سنة سوريون
بركات
مواليد 1889
مواليد في أنطاكية (مدينة تاريخية)
وفيات 1939
وفيات في أنطاكيا (تركيا)

صبحي بركات


Gary Brown (né en 1988), joueur de baseball américain ;
 Gary Brown (1969-2022), joueur américain de football américain ;
 Gary Brown (né en 1971), joueur américain de football américain ;

Homonymie de patronyme
Patronyme anglais

Gary Brown


Akrabalık, bireyleri, kan bağları, evlilik ya da evlat edinme yoluyla birbirine bağlayan bir ilişkidir.

Akrabalık ilişkilerinde, tanım gereği evlilik ve aile söz konusu olsa da, bu kurumlardan çok daha geniş kapsamlıdır. Çağcıl toplumların büyük bölümünde dolaysız ailenin kapsamını aşan pek az toplumsal yükümlülük olsa da, öteki pek çok kültürde akrabalık, toplum yaşamının çoğu yönü için esastır.

Akrabalık sistemleri, soy ve evlilik yoluyla kurulmuş ve kültürel olarak kabul edilmiş temel bir toplumsal ilişkiler ağıdır. Dünyada çeşitli akrabalık sistemleri vardır. Bu sistemler akrabaların birbirlerine karşı konumlarını, rol ve statülerini ve bunlara bağlı olarak karşılıklı sorumluluk ve beklentilerini belirler. Antroploglar altı farklı akrabalık sisteminin var olduğunu öne sürerler.
Bunlar;
Hawai Sistemi, Eskimo Sistemi, Sudan Sistemi, Omaha Sistemi, Crow Sistemi, Iroquis Sistemi.

Etimoloji
Akraba kelimesi Arapça olup karip (yakın) kelimesiyle aynı kökten türemiştir. 'Yakınlar' demektir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Aile
 Türkçede akrabalık terimleri

Akrabalık


Art on Ice est un gala suisse de patinage artistique. Il combine les performances des meilleurs patineurs artistiques du monde avec celles de stars internationales de la musique. Le gala a lieu chaque année à Zurich, à Fribourg, à Bâle, à Saint-Moritz et à Davos. L'événement, très populaire auprès de la population, est également retransmis à la télévision en différé et est considéré comme le premier événement de ce type au monde.

History
Le spectacle, basé sur une idée d'Oliver Höner, a eu lieu pour la première fois en 1995 sous le titre World Class Figure Skating dans la patinoire de Küsnacht. Un an plus tard, Oliver Höner, en collaboration avec Reto Caviezel, a réalisé le spectacle avec de la musique en direct sous le nom de Art on Ice au Hallenstadion de Zurich. Le spectacle y est désormais présenté quatre soirs de suite, devant environ 10 000 spectateurs à chaque fois. Chaque année, Art on Ice attire environ 80 000 spectateurs. Art on Ice a été présenté à plusieurs reprises à l'étranger, par exemple en Chine, au Japon, en Finlande et en Suède.

En 2020, Art on Ice pourrait fêter son 25e anniversaire avec un grand spectacle et des stars mondiales célèbres. Le gala de patinage artistique a eu lieu en février avant l'épidémie de COVID-19 en Suisse. En 2021, les organisateurs ont dû renoncer aux spectacles habituels en raison de la pandémie de Corona. Toutefois, le dîner-spectacle Art on Ice Special a été proposé en septembre 2021 pour environ 1000 invités. Le plateau de stars correspondait au standard des années précédentes : Victoria Sinitsina, Nikita Katsalapov, Vanessa James, Eric Radford et Alina Zagitova.

Fin novembre 2021, il a été annoncé qu'Art on Ice devrait reporter sa tournée suisse de 2022 à 2023. Suivant le concept de dîner-spectacle de l'automne 2021, le patinage artistique de haut niveau sera toujours proposé. Les 3, 4 et 5 mars 2021, trois dîners-spectacles Art on Ice Special avec des top stars internationales sont prévus au Hallenstadion de Zurich pour 1500 invités chacun.

Parmi les patineurs artistiques qui se sont produits à Art on Ice jusqu'à présent figurent (par ordre chronologique) :

Parmi les musiciens qui se sont produits jusqu'à présent à Art on Ice, on trouve notamment:

 En 2021, en raison de la pandémie de Corona, une spéciale Art on Ice a été organisée avec environ 1000 invités VIP.

Références

Spectacle sur glace

Art on Ice


L'algorithme d'Atlantic City est un algorithme probabiliste en temps polynomial, qui répond correctement au moins 75% du temps (ou, dans certaines versions, une valeur > 50%).

Description
Le terme « Atlantic City » fut introduit pour la première fois en 1982 par J. Finn dans un manuscrit non publié intitulé Comparison of probabilistic tests for primality.

Deux autres classes courantes d'algorithmes probabilistes sont les algorithmes de Monte Carlo et les algorithmes de Las Vegas. Les algorithmes de Monte Carlo sont toujours rapides, mais seulement probablement corrects. D'autre part, les algorithmes de Las Vegas sont toujours corrects, mais seulement probablement rapides.

Inversement, les algorithmes d'Atlantic City, qui sont des algorithmes probabilistes en temps polynomial borné, sont probablement corrects et probablement rapides.

Problème
Un problème classique, des premières années d'enseignement spécialisé en informatique dans l'enseignement supérieur, consiste à comparer le fonctionnement d'un algorithme « Atlantic City » à celui d'un algorithme de « Monte Carlo », comme suit:

Supposons que l'on vous donne un algorithme aléatoire qui résout f : Σ∗ → Σ∗ en un temps moyen polynomial T (n) et avec un écart type de l'erreur ε (c'est-à-dire que l'algorithme produit une approximation  aléatoire, évaluée par ε, de la valeur de f, en un temps d'exécution aléatoire).

Montrer que pour toute constante ε′ > 0, il existe un algorithme de Monte Carlo calculant f avec un temps d'exécution  O(T (n)) et un écart type ε + ε′ sur la solution.

Références

Voir aussi
 Informatique théorique
 Hasard
 Générateur de nombres pseudo-aléatoires

Liens externes
 https://brilliant.org/wiki/randomized-algorithms-overview/

Atlantic City
Méthode algorithmique

Algorithme d'Atlantic City


කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ලයක් යනු කාබොක්සිල් කාණ්ඩයක් (C(=O)OH) අඩංගු වන්නා වූ කාබනික සංයෝගයකි. කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ලවල පොදු සූත්‍රය R–COOH වන අතර, R මඟින් අණුවේ ඉතිරි (බොහෝවිට ඉතා විශාල) කොටස දැක්වේ. කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ල පුළුල් පරාසයක් තිබෙන අතර ඇමයිනෝ අම්ල (ප්‍රෝටීන සැදී ඇති ද්‍රව්‍ය) හා ඇසිටික් අම්ලය (විනාකිරිවල කොටසක් වන අතර පරිවෘත්තියේදී හටගැනේ) ද අයත් වෙයි.

කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ලවල ලවණ හා එස්ටර කාබොක්සිලේට ලෙස හඳුන්වයි. කාබොක්සිල් කාණ්ඩයකින් හයිඩ්‍රජන් ප්‍රෝටෝන ඉවත් වූ විට, එහි සංයුග්මක භෂ්මය විසින් කාබොක්සිලේට් ඇනායනයක් සාදනු ලැබේ. කාබොක්සිලේට් අයන සාම්ප්‍රයුක්ත ව ස්ථායී නිසා මෙම ස්ථායීතාව කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ල ඇල්කොහොලවලට වඩා ආම්ලික කරයි. කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ලය කාබන් ඩයොක්සයිඩ් ලුවිස් අම්ලයේ ඔක්සිහරිත හෝ ඇල්කිල්කෘත ස්වරූපයෙන් දක්නට ලැබෙන අතර සමහර අවස්ථාවලදී කාබන් ඩයොක්සයිඩ් ලැබීමට විකාබොක්සිල්කරණය වේ.

කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ල නිදසුන් හා නාමකරණය
කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ල පොදුවේ ඒවායේ සාමාන්‍ය නම් වලින් හැඳින්වෙන අතර, සමැනින් -ic නිපාතයෙන් අවසන් වේ. IUPAC නිර්දේශිත නාමකරණයේ දී කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ල -oic acid නිපාතය යොදා අවසන් කරයි. කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ල ඇති සංකීර්‍ණ අණු වල නාමකරණයේ දී වෙනත් ආදේශිත කාණ්ඩ තිබුණ ද කාබොක්සිල් කාණ්ඩය සහිත දාමය මව් දාමය ලෙස යොදා ගනියි. උදා- 3-chloropropanoic acid.වෙනත් අයුරකින් එය වෙන මව් දාමයක වෙතොත් "carboxy" හෝ"carboxylic acid" යන්න ආදේශිත කාණ්ඩයක් ලෙස යොදා ගනියි. (උදා-2-carboxyfuran).

භෞතික ලක්ෂණ

ද්‍රාව්‍යතාව

කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ල ධ්‍රැවීය වෙයි. මන් ද යත් ඒවා හයිඩ්‍රජන් බන්ධන ප්‍රතිග්‍රාහකයන් (කාබොනිල් –C=O) හා හයිඩ්‍රජන් බන්ධන දායකයන් (හයිඩ්‍රොක්සිල් –OH) යන දෙලාක්ෂණික වන අතර, ඒවා හයිඩ්‍රජන් බන්ධනයට සහභාගී වෙයි. හයිඩ්‍රොක්සිල් හා කාබනිල් කාණ්ඩ එකතුවෙන් කාබොක්සිල් ක්‍රියාකාරී කාණ්ඩය සෑදෙයි. කාබොක්සිල් අම්ල සාමාන්‍යයෙන් නිර්ධ්‍රැවීය මාධ්‍යයේ දී ඒවායේ ස්වසම්බන්ධනයට ඇති ලැදියාව නිසාවෙන් ද්විඅවයවික යුගල ලෙස පිහිටයි. කුඩා කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ල (කාබන් ගණන 1 සිට 5) ජලද්‍රාව්‍ය වන අතර, ඇල්කිල් කාණ්ඩයේ ජලභීතික සොබාව නිසා විශාල කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ල වඩා ජලඅද්‍රාව්‍ය වේ. මෙම වඩා දිගු දාම අම්ල, ඊතර හා ඇල්කොහොල වැනි අඩුවෙන් ධ්‍රැවීය ද්‍රාවකවල තරමක ද්‍රාව්‍ය ස්වභාවයක් ගනියි.

ආම්ලිකත්වය

ගන්‍ධය
කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ල, වෙසෙසින් එහි නශ්‍ය ව්‍යුත්පන්න සැර ගන්‍ධයකින් යුත් වෙයි. ඉන් පොදුතම වන්නේ ඇසිටික් අම්ලය (විනාකිරි) හා බ්‍යූටිරික් අම්ලය (මිනිස් වමනය) යි. පිළිපස් ලෙස කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ලවල එස්ටරවලට පසන් සුවඳක් තිබෙන අතර සුවඳ විලවුන් වලට භාවිතා කරයි.

ප්‍රතික්‍රියා

යොමු

බාහිර දිගු

 කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ලවල pH අගය හා අනුමාපනය – freeware for calculations, data analysis, simulation, and distribution diagram generation

කාබොක්සිලික් අම්ලය


Das  Naturschutzgebiet Großer und Westufer Kleiner Zeschsee ist ein 107 ha großes Naturschutzgebiet im südlichsten Teil des Gemeindegebietes der Stadt Zossen (Landkreis Teltow-Fläming, Brandenburg). Das Naturschutzgebiet dient der Erhaltung von Niederungs- und Quellbereichen in der Nuthe-Notteniederung. Es wurde 1999 eingerichtet.

Geographische Lage
Das Naturschutzgebiet liegt im südlichen Teil des Ortsteils Lindenbrück der Stadt Zossen bzw. auf der früheren Gemarkung von dessen Gemeindeteil Zesch am See. Es umfasst den Großen Zeschsee, das Westufer des Kleinen Zeschsees sowie deren Randbereiche. Lage und Grenzen sind in der Topographischen Karte 1 : 25.000 eingezeichnet.

Schutzzweck
Die Verordnung über das Naturschutzgebiet "Großer und Westufer Kleiner Zeschsee" wurde vom Ministerium für Landwirtschaft, Umweltschutz und Raumordnung des Landes Brandenburg am 14. Dezember 1999 erlassen. Der Schutzzweck ist die "Erhaltung von Niederungs- und Quellbereichen im regionalen Biotopverbund innerhalb der Nuthe-Notteniederung."

Belege

Geographie (Zossen)
Grosser und Westufer Kleiner Zeschsee
Grosser und Westufer Kleiner Zeschsee


O Ducado de Limburgo () foi um ducado que durou desde 1839 até 1867 em partes da província holandesa de Limburgo no Tratado de Londres. A metade ocidental tornou-se belga e a parte oriental, holandesa. Além de holandesa, era também uma confederação germânica. Ao Ducado de Limburgo pertenciam também as cidades de Maastricht e Venlo.

Antigos ducados
Estados e territórios fundados em 1839
Estados e territórios extintos em 1867
Limburgo (Países Baixos)
Estados da Confederação Germânica
História da Bélgica
História dos Países Baixos

Ducado de Limburgo (1839-1867)


Benny Fomsgaard Andersen (født 1. juni 1963 i Ringkøbing) er en dansk olympisk sejlsportsmand i Star klassen. Andersen deltog i 1992 i Sommer-OL sammen med Mogens Just Mikkelsen.

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Sejlsportsfolk fra Danmark
Deltagere for Danmark ved sommer-OL 1992
Personer fra Ringkøbing

Benny F. Andersen


List of military divisions – List of Finnish divisions in the Winter War

This is a list of Finnish divisions that existed during the Winter War, 1939–1940.
 1st Division
 2nd Division – renamed from 11th Division in 1940
 3rd Division – renamed from 6th Division in 1940
 4th Division
 5th Division
 6th Division – renamed to 3rd Division in 1940
 7th Division – renamed from 10th Division in 1940
 8th Division
 9th Division
 10th Division – renamed to 7th Division in 1940
 11th Division – renamed to 2nd Division in 1940
 12th Division
 13th Division
 21st Division – formed December 19, 1939
 22nd Division – formed December 19, 1939
 23rd Division – formed December 19, 1939

See also
 Finnish Army
 List of Finnish corps in the Continuation War
 List of Finnish corps in the Winter War
 List of Finnish divisions in the Continuation War

References

Winter War
Winter War
Winter War
Finnish divisions, Winter
Winter War
Finnish, Winter War