Philip George Zimbardo (; born March 23, 1933) is an American psychologist and a professor emeritus at Stanford University. He became known for his 1971 Stanford prison experiment, which was later severely criticized for both ethical and scientific reasons. He has authored various introductory psychology textbooks for college students, and other notable works, including The Lucifer Effect, The Time Paradox, and The Time Cure. He is also the founder and president of the Heroic Imagination Project.

Early life
Zimbardo was born in New York City on March 23, 1933, to a family of Italian immigrants from Cammarata in Sicily. Early in life he experienced discrimination and prejudice, growing up poor on welfare and being Italian. He was often mistaken for other races and ethnicities such as Jewish, Puerto Rican or black. Zimbardo has said these experiences early in life triggered his curiosity about people's behavior, and later influenced his research in school.

He completed his B.A. with a triple major in psychology, sociology, and anthropology from Brooklyn College in 1954, where he graduated summa cum laude. He completed his M.S. (1955) and Ph.D. (1959) in psychology from Yale University, where Neal E. Miller was his advisor. While at Yale, he married fellow graduate student Rose Abdelnour; they had a son in 1962 and divorced in 1971.

He taught at Yale from 1959 to 1960. From 1960 to 1967, he was a professor of psychology at New York University College of Arts & Science. From 1967 to 1968, he taught at Columbia University. He joined the faculty at Stanford University in 1968.

Stanford prison study

Background
In 1971, Zimbardo accepted a tenured position as professor of psychology at Stanford University. With a government grant from the U.S. Office of Naval Research, he conducted the Stanford prison study in which male college students were selected (from an applicant pool of 75).

After a mental health screening, the remaining men were randomly assigned to be "prisoners" or "guards" in a mock prison located in the basement of the psychology building at Stanford.
Prisoners were confined to a 6' × 9' cell with black steel-barred doors. The only furniture in each cell was a cot. Solitary confinement was a small unlit closet.

Zimbardo's goal for the Stanford Prison study was to assess the psychological effect on a (randomly assigned) student of becoming a prisoner or prison guard.

A 1997 article from the Stanford News Service described the experiment's goals in more detail:
Zimbardo's primary reason for conducting the experiment was to focus on the power of roles, rules, symbols, group identity and situational validation of behavior that generally would repulse ordinary individuals. "I had been conducting research for some years on deindividuation, vandalism and dehumanization that illustrated the ease with which ordinary people could be led to engage in anti-social acts by putting them in situations where they felt anonymous, or they could perceive of others in ways that made them less than human, as enemies or objects," Zimbardo told the Toronto symposium in the summer of 1996.

Experiment
Zimbardo himself took part in the study, playing the role of "prison superintendent" who could mediate disputes between guards and prisoners. He instructed guards to find ways to dominate the prisoners, not with physical violence, but with other tactics, verging on torture, such as sleep deprivation and punishment with solitary confinement. Later in the experiment, as some guards became more aggressive, taking away prisoners' cots (so that they had to sleep on the floor), and forcing them to use buckets kept in their cells as toilets, and then refusing permission to empty the buckets, neither the other guards nor Zimbardo himself intervened. Knowing that their actions were observed but not rebuked, guards considered that they had implicit approval for such actions.

In later interviews, several guards told interviewers that they knew what Zimbardo wanted to have happen, and they did their best to make that happen.

Less than two full days into the study, one inmate pretended to suffer from depression, uncontrolled rage and other mental dysfunctions. The prisoner was eventually released after screaming and acting in an unstable manner in front of the other inmates. He later revealed that he faked this "breakdown" to get out of the study early to focus on school. This prisoner was replaced with one of the alternates.

Results

By the end of the study, the guards had won complete control over all of their prisoners and were using their authority to its greatest extent.  One prisoner had even gone as far as to go on a hunger strike. When he refused to eat, the guards put him into solitary confinement for three hours (even though their own rules stated the limit that a prisoner could be in solitary confinement was only one hour). Instead of the other prisoners looking at this inmate as a hero and following along in his strike, they chanted together that he was a bad prisoner and a troublemaker. Prisoners and guards had rapidly adapted to their roles, stepping beyond the boundaries of what had been predicted and leading to dangerous and psychologically damaging situations. Zimbardo himself started to give in to the roles of the situation. He had to be shown the reality of the study by Christina Maslach, his girlfriend and future wife, who had just received her doctorate in psychology. Zimbardo reflects that the message from the study is that "situations can have a more powerful influence over our behaviour than most people appreciate, and few people recognize [that]."

At the end of the study, after all the prisoners had been released and the guards let go, everyone was brought back into the same room for evaluation and to be able to get their feelings out in the open towards one another. Ethical concerns surrounding the study often draw comparisons to the Milgram experiment, which was conducted in 1961 at Yale University by Stanley Milgram, Zimbardo's former high school friend. Zimbardo and Maslach married in 1972, a year after the study.

More recently, Thibault Le Texier of the University of Nice has examined the archives of the experiment, including videos, recordings, and Zimbardo's handwritten notes, and argued that "The guards knew what results the experiment was supposed to produce ... Far from reacting spontaneously to this pathogenic social environment, the guards were given clear instructions for how to create it ... The experimenters intervened directly in the experiment, either to give precise instructions, to recall the purposes of the experiment, or to set a general direction ...In order to get their full participation, Zimbardo intended to make the guards believe that they were his research assistants.".  Since his original publication in French, Le Texier's accusations have been taken up by science communicators in the United States. In his book Humankind - a hopeful history (2020) historian Rutger Bregman points out the charge that the whole experiment was faked and fraudulous; Bregman argued this experiment is often used as an example to show people easily succumb to evil behavior, but Zimbardo has been less than candid about the fact that he told the guards to act the way they did. More recently, an APA psychology article reviewed this work in detail  and concluded that Zimbardo encouraged the guards to act the way they did, so rather than this behavior appearing on its own, it was generated by Zimbardo.

Prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison

Zimbardo reflects on the dramatic visual similarities between the behavior of the participants in the Stanford prison experiment, and the prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib. He did not accept the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Myers', claim that the events were due to a few rogue soldiers and that it did not reflect on the military. Instead he looked at the situation the soldiers were in and considered the possibility that this situation might have induced the behavior that they displayed. He began with the assumption that the abusers were not "bad apples" and were in a situation like that of the Stanford prison study, where physically and psychologically healthy people were behaving sadistically and brutalizing prisoners. Zimbardo became absorbed in trying to understand who these people were, asking the question "are they inexplicable, can we not understand them". This led him to write the book The Lucifer Effect.

The Lucifer Effect

The Lucifer Effect was written in response to his findings in the Stanford Prison Experiment. Zimbardo believes that personality characteristics could play a role in how violent or submissive actions are manifested. In the book, Zimbardo says that humans cannot be defined as good or evil because we have the ability to act as both especially at the hand of the situation. Examples include the events that occurred at the Abu Ghraib Detention Center, in which the defense team—including Gary Myers—argued that it was not the prison guards and interrogators that were at fault for the physical and mental abuse of detainees but the Bush administration policies themselves. According to Zimbardo, "Good people can be induced, seduced, and initiated into behaving in evil ways. They can also be led to act in irrational, stupid, self-destructive, antisocial, and mindless ways when they are immersed in 'total situations' that impact human nature in ways that challenge our sense of the stability and consistency of individual personality, of character, and of morality."(Zimbardo, The Lucifer Effect, p. 211)

In The Journal of the American Medical Association, there are seven social processes that grease "the slippery slope of evil":
 Mindlessly taking the first small step
 Dehumanization of others
 De-individuation of self (anonymity)
 Diffusion of personal responsibility
 Blind obedience to authority
 Uncritical conformity to group norms
 Passive tolerance of evil through inaction or indifference

Time
In 2008, Zimbardo published his work with John Boyd about the Time Perspective Theory and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) in The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time That Will Change Your Life. In 2009, he met Richard Sword and started collaborating to turn the Time Perspective Theory into a clinical therapy, beginning a four-year long pilot study and establishing time perspective therapy. In 2009, Zimbardo did his Ted Talk  "The Psychology of Time"  about the Time Perspective Theory. According to this Ted Talk, there are six kinds of different Time Perspectives which are Past Positive TP (Time Perspective), Past Negative TP, Present Hedonism TP, Present Fatalism TP, Future Life Goal-Oriented TP and Future Transcendental TP.

In 2012, Zimbardo, Richard Sword, and his wife Rosemary authored a book called The Time Cure.

Time Perspective therapy bears similarities to Pause Button Therapy, developed by psychotherapist Martin Shirran, whom Zimbardo corresponded with and met at the first International Time Perspective Conference at the University of Coimbra, Portugal. Zimbardo wrote the foreword to the second edition of Shirran's book on the subject.

Heroic Imagination Project

As of 2014 Zimbardo is heading a movement for everyday heroism as the founder and director of the Heroic Imagination Project (HIP), a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting heroism in everyday life. The project is currently collecting data from former American gang members and individuals with former ties to terrorism for comparison, in an attempt to better understand how individuals change violent behavior. This research portion of the project is co-headed by Rony Berger, Yotam Heineburg, and Leonard Beckum.  He published an article contrasting heroism and altruism in 2011 with Zeno Franco and Kathy Blau in the Review of General Psychology.

Social intensity syndrome (SIS)
In 2008, Zimbardo began working with Sarah Brunskill and Anthony Ferreras on a new theory called the social intensity syndrome (SIS). SIS is a new term coined to describe and normalize the effects military culture has on the socialization of both active soldiers and veterans. Zimbardo and Brunskill presented the new theory and a preliminary factor analysis of it accompanying survey at the Western Psychological Association in 2013. Brunskill finished the data collection in December 2013. Through an exploratory component factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency and validity tests demonstrated that SIS was a reliable and valid construct of measuring military socialization.

Other endeavors
After the prison experiment, Zimbardo decided to look for ways he could use psychology to help people; this led to the founding of The Shyness Clinic in Menlo Park, California, which treats shy behavior in adults and children. Zimbardo's research on shyness resulted in several bestselling books on the topic. Other subjects he has researched include mind control and cultic behavior.

Zimbardo is the co-author of an introductory Psychology textbook entitled Psychology and Life, which is used in many American undergraduate psychology courses. He also hosted a PBS TV series titled Discovering Psychology which is used in many college telecourses.

In 2004, Zimbardo testified for the defense in the court martial of Sgt. Ivan "Chip" Frederick, a guard at Abu Ghraib prison. He argued that Frederick's sentence should be lessened due to mitigating circumstances, explaining that few individuals can resist the powerful situational pressures of a prison, particularly without proper training and supervision. The judge apparently disregarded Zimbardo's testimony, and gave Frederick the maximum 8-year sentence. Zimbardo drew on the knowledge he gained from his participation in the Frederick case to write a new book entitled The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil, about the connections between Abu Ghraib and the prison experiments.

Zimbardo's writing appeared in Greater Good Magazine, published by the Greater Good Science Center of the University of California, Berkeley. Zimbardo's contributions include the interpretation of scientific research into the roots of compassion, altruism, and peaceful human relationships. His most recent article with Greater Good magazine is entitled: "The Banality of Heroism", which examines how ordinary people can become everyday heroes. In February 2010, Zimbardo was a guest presenter at the Science of a Meaningful Life seminar: Goodness, Evil, and Everyday Heroism, along with Greater Good Science Center Executive Director Dacher Keltner.

Zimbardo, who officially retired in 2003, gave his final "Exploring Human Nature" lecture on March 7, 2007, on the Stanford campus, bringing his teaching career of 50 years to a close. David Spiegel, professor of psychiatry at the Stanford University School of Medicine, called Zimbardo "a legendary teacher", saying that "he has changed the way we think about social influences."

Zimbardo has made appearances on American TV, such as The Daily Show with Jon Stewart on March 29, 2007, The Colbert Report on February 11, 2008 and Dr. Phil on October 25, 2010.

Zimbardo serves as advisor to the anti-bullying organization Bystander Revolution and appears in the organization's videos to explain the bystander effect and discuss the evil of inaction.

Since 2003, Zimbardo has been active in charitable and economic work in rural Sicily through the Zimbardo-Luczo Fund with Steve Luczo and the local director , which provides scholarships for academically gifted students from Corleone and Cammarata.

In 2015, Zimbardo co-authored a book "Man (Dis)connected: How Technology Has Sabotaged What It Means To Be Male", which collected research to support a thesis that males are increasingly disconnected from society. He argues that a lack of two-parent households and female-oriented schooling have made it more attractive to live virtually, risking video game addiction or pornography addiction.

Recognition
In 2012, Zimbardo received the American Psychological Foundation Gold Medal for Lifetime Achievement in the Science of Psychology.

In 2011, he received an honorary doctorate degree from SWPS University in Warsaw.

In 2003, Zimbardo and University of Rome La Sapienza scholars Gian Vittorio Caprara, and Claudio Barbaranelli were awarded the sarcastic Ig Nobel Award for Psychology for their report "Politicians' Uniquely Simple Personalities".

Works
 Influencing attitude and changing behavior: A basic introduction to relevant methodology, theory, and applications (Topics in social psychology), Addison Wesley, 1969
 The Cognitive Control of Motivation. Glenview, IL:  Scott, Foresman, 1969
 Stanford prison experiment: A simulation study of the psychology of imprisonment,  Philip G. Zimbardo, Inc., 1972
 Influencing Attitudes and Changing Behavior. Reading, MA:  Addison Wesley Publishing Co.,  1969,
 Canvassing for Peace:  A Manual for Volunteers. Ann Arbor, MI:  Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 1970, ISBN
 Influencing Attitudes and Changing Behavior (2nd ed.).  Reading, MA: Addison Wesley., 1977, ISBN
 Psychology and You, with David Dempsey (1978).
 Shyness: What It Is, What to Do About It, Addison Wesley, 1990,
 The Psychology of Attitude Change and Social Influence. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991,
 Psychology (3rd Edition), Reading, MA:  Addison Wesley Publishing Co.,  1999,
 The Shy Child : Overcoming and Preventing Shyness from Infancy to Adulthood, Malor Books, 1999,
 Violence Workers: Police Torturers and Murderers Reconstruct Brazilian Atrocities. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002,
 Psychology - Core Concepts, 5/e, Allyn & Bacon Publishing, 2005,
 Psychology And Life, 17/e, Allyn & Bacon Publishing, 2005,
 The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil, Random House, New York, 2007,
 The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time That Will Change Your Life, Simon & Schuster, New York, 2008,
 The Journey from the Bronx to Stanford to Abu Ghraib, pp. 85–104 in "Journeys in Social Psychology: Looking Back to Inspire the Future", edited by Robert Levine, et al., CRC Press, 2008.
 Salvatore Cianciabella (prefazione di Philip Zimbardo, nota introduttiva di Liliana De Curtis). Siamo uomini e caporali. Psicologia della dis-obbedienza. Franco Angeli, 2014. . siamouominiecaporali.it
 Maschi in difficoltà, Zimbardo, Philip, Coulombe, Nikita D., Cianciabella, Salvatore (a cura di), FrancoAngeli Editore, 2017.
 Man (Dis)connected, Zimbardo, Philip, Coulombe, Nikita D., Rider/ Ebury Publishing, United Kingdom, 2015,
 Man Interrupted: Why Young Men are Struggling & What We Can Do About It. Philip Zimbardo, Nikita Coulombe; Conari Press, 2016.

See also
 Human experimentation in the United States
 List of social psychologists
 Banality of evil

References

External links

 Zimbardo's official website
 The Heroic Imagination Project
 Philip G. Zimbardo Papers (Stanford University Archives)

 Philip Zimbardo on the Lucifer Effect, in two parts
 "Critical Situations: The Evolution of a Situational Psychologist - A Conversation with Philip Zimbardo" , Ideas Roadshow, 2016

1933 births
American people of Italian descent
American social psychologists
Brooklyn College alumni
Crowd psychologists
Living people
New York University faculty
Presidents of the American Psychological Association
Stanford University Department of Psychology faculty

Philip Zimbardo


NGC 3593 es una galaxia espiral localicada en la Constelación de Leo. Con frecuencia, pero no siempre, se le considera un miembro del grupo de galáxias del Triplete de Leo.

Enlaces externos
 HubbleSite NewsCenter: Pictures and description on NGC 3593

Referencias

NGC 3593
3593
Constelación de Leo
Triplete de Leo

NGC 3593


Aaron Gate (* 26. November 1990 in Auckland) ist ein neuseeländischer Bahn- und Straßen-Radrennfahrer sowie Olympionike (2016).

Sportliche Laufbahn
2006 wurde Aaron Gate neuseeländischer Jugendmeister im Teamsprint, gemeinsam mit Myron Simpson und Colin Black; zwei Jahre später errang er bei den Junioren-Bahnweltmeisterschaften in Kapstadt die Bronzemedaille in der Mannschaftsverfolgung. 2011 wurde er Ozeanienmeister und gewann den Lauf des Bahnrad-Weltcups 2011/2012 in Cali in der Mannschaftsverfolgung, gemeinsam mit Sam Bewley, Marc Ryan und Jesse Sergent. Im selben Jahr wurde er Sechster des irischen Etappenrennens An Post Rás.

2012 gewann Gate eine Etappe der New Zealand Cycle Classic und wurde Siebter in der Gesamtwertung. Gemeinsam mit Bewley, Westley Gough und Ryan errang er bei den Bahnradsport-Weltmeisterschaften 2012 in Melbourne die Bronzemedaille in der Mannschaftsverfolgung.

2016 wurde Aaron Gate für die Teilnahme an den Olympischen Spielen in Rio de Janeiro nominiert, wo er gemeinsam mit Pieter Bulling, Regan Gough und Hayden Roulston Platz vier in der Mannschaftsverfolgung belegte. Im Juli 2018 konnte der damals 27-Jährige die Bergwertung bei der 70. Austragung der Österreich-Radrundfahrt für sich entscheiden. Im Jahr darauf gewann er das New Zealand Cycle Classic.

Bei der Bahnrad-WM 2020 holte er sich in Berlin jeweils die Silbermedaille in der Mannschaftsverfolgung (mit Campbell Stewart, Corbin Strong, Jordan Kerby und Regan Gough) sowie zusammen mit Campbell Stewart im Zweier-Mannschaftsfahren. 2020 und 2021 errang Gate weitere nationale Titel auf der Bahn, und 2021 wurde er bei den Bahnweltmeisterschaften in Roubaix Vize-Weltmeister im Omnium. Bei den Ozeanienmeisterschaften 2022 auf der Bahn gewann er vier Wettbewerbe und zudem das Einzelzeitfahren auf der Straße.

Für 2024 erhielt Gate einen Vertrag beim spanischen Team Burgos-BH.

Erfolge

Bahn
2008
  Weltmeisterschaft – Mannschaftsverfolgung (Junioren) mit Jason Christie, Ruaraidh McLeod und Michael Vink

2011
  Ozeanienmeister – Mannschaftsverfolgung mit Sam Bewley, Marc Ryan und Jesse Sergent
  Bahnrad-Weltcup Cali – Mannschaftsverfolgung mit Sam Bewley, Marc Ryan und Jesse Sergent

2012
  Neuseeländischer Meister – Scratch
  Weltmeisterschaft – Mannschaftsverfolgung mit Sam Bewley, Westley Gough und Marc Ryan
  Olympische Sommerspiele – Mannschaftsverfolgung mit Sam Bewley, Marc Ryan und Jesse Sergent

2013
  Bahn-Weltmeisterschaften – Omnium
  Neuseeländischer Meister – Einerverfolgung, Punktefahren, Madison mit Myron Simpson, Scratch

2014
  Bahn-Weltmeisterschaften – Mannschaftsverfolgung mit Pieter Bulling, Dylan Kennett und Marc Ryan
  Commonwealth Games – Punktefahren

2016
  Ozeanienmeisterschaft – Punktefahren

2017
  Weltmeisterschaft – Omnium
  Ozeanienmeister – Omnium
  Ozeanienmeisterschaft – Punktefahren

2019
  Weltcup 2018/19 in Cambridge – Zweier-Mannschaftsfahren (mit Campbell Stewart)
  Weltcup 2019/20 in Cambridge – Zweier-Mannschaftsfahren (mit Campbell Stewart)
  Weltcup in Brisbane – Omnium

2020
  Neuseeländischer Meister – Einerverfolgung
  Weltmeisterschaft – Mannschaftsverfolgung (mit Corbin Strong, Campbell Stewart, Jordan Kerby und Regan Gough), Zweier-Mannschaftsfahren (mit Campbell Stewart)

2020/21
  Neuseeländischer Meister – Omnium, Zweier-Mannschaftsfahren (mit Campbell Stewart)

2021
  Neuseeländischer Meister – Punktefahren, Einerverfolgung
  Weltmeisterschaft – Omnium

2022
  Ozeanienmeister – Einerverfolgung, Scratch, Punktefahren, Omnium
  Commonwealth Games – Punktefahren, Einerverfolgung, Mannschaftsverfolgung (mit Campbell Stewart, Jordan Kerby, Nick Kergozou und Tom Sexton)
  Weltmeisterschaft – Omnium

2023
  Weltmeister – Punktefahren
  Weltmeisterschaft – Zweier-Mannschaftsfahren (mit Campbell Stewart), Mannschaftsverfolgung (mit Campbell Stewart, Tom Sexton und Nick Kergozou)

Straße
2012
 eine Etappe New Zealand Cycle Classic

2015
 zwei Etappen An Post Rás

2016
 eine Etappe und Punktewertung An Post Rás

2018
 Bergwertung Österreich-Rundfahrt

2019
 Gesamtwertung und eine Etappe New Zealand Cycle Classic
 eine Etappe Belgrade-Banja Luka

2020
 eine Etappe New Zealand Cycle Classic

2021
 Gravel and Tar Classic
  Neuseeländischer Meister – Einzelzeitfahren

2022
  Ozeanienmeister – Einzelzeitfahren
 Gesamtwertung und eine Etappe Griechenland-Rundfahrt
 eine Etappe Luxemburg-Rundfahrt

2023
 eine Etappe Griechenland-Rundfahrt

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Radsportler (Neuseeland)
Weltmeister (Radsport)
Ozeanienmeister (Radsport)
Neuseeländischer Meister (Radsport)
Olympiateilnehmer (Neuseeland)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2016
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2020
Sieger bei den Commonwealth Games (Radsport)
Bahnradfahrer
Neuseeländer
Geboren 1990
Mann
Teilnehmer an den Commonwealth Games (Neuseeland)

Aaron Gate


الخط الأخضر هو أحد خطوط قطارات الركاب التابعة لشبكة مترو دبي في الإمارات العربية المتحدة، إكتمل بناؤه في مارس 2010، حيث يضم 20 محطة (20 تم بناؤهم)، بطول 22.5 كم على امتداد خور دبي.

إحصاءات

 يضم 20 محطة، 18 جديدة، 12 منها مرفوعة على جسور، و 6 تحت الأرض.
 يمتد بطول 22.5 كم، منها 7.9 كم تحت الأرض.
 معدل السرعة حوالي 90 كم/ساعة.
 التوقف في كل محطة سيستغرق حوالي 20-30 ثانية.
 يخدم الخط 25 قطاراً (بدون سائق).

محطات مهمة
محطتي الإتحاد وبرجمان توفران خدمة الانتقال بين الخطوط، حيث أنه في كل من المحطتين الخط الأحمر والخط الأخضر سيلتقيان.
مستودع القاطرات الرئيسي سيكون في محطة الإتصالات.

التوسعة
توسعة الخط الأخضر قد تم الموافقة عليها سابقاً، حيث أنه في التصاميم الأولية، كان طول الخط 17.6 كم لينتهي عند محطة مدينة دبي الطبية، أما في التصميم الحالي، فقد تم زيادة الطول إلى 22.5 كم، ليمتد إلى محطة الخور.

المصادر

تأسيسات سنة 2011 في الإمارات العربية المتحدة
خطوط سكك حديدية افتتحت في سنة 2011
مترو دبي

الخط الأخضر (مترو دبي)


Idheze Irri is one of the towns in the Isoko South Local Government area of Delta State, Nigeria.

The town has an estimated population of over 14,500 inhabitants. The area is surrounded by swampland.

The town has several oil wells that are run by Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) and Italy Eni Agip. The presence of crude oil pipelines across the region and frequent crude oil spills have been largely responsible for soil damage. This has led to large-scale frustrations with the oil companies, and has resulted in skirmishes and kidnappings for ransom in some neighboring communities. Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC) responds by sponsoring projects such as clean water supply in Idheze Irri town.

On entering the town from the direction of Ozoro, a neighboring town, you will encounter a shrine and a river called Orobe.

Idheze Irri has two primary schools Idheze primary school and a secondary school (Idheze grammar school). The major occupation of the citizens is farming.

Populated places in Isoko South

Idheze


Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu (d. 28 Aralık 1934; Bozüyük, Bilecik) Türk asker. Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin 23. Genelkurmay Başkanı.

Askerî kariyeri
28 Aralık 1934'te Bozüyük'te doğdu. Lise tahsilini Işıklar Askerî Lisesi'nde tamamladı ve 1955 yılında topçu subayı olarak Kara Harp Okulundan mezun oldu. Akabinde 1957 yılında Topçu ve Füze Okulu'nu mezuniyetini takip eden sekiz yıl boyunca çeşitli topçu birliklerinde takım ve batarya komutanı olarak görev yapan Kıvrıkoğlu, 1965-1967 yıllarında Kara Harp Akademisi'nde kurmaylık eğitimini tamamladı. 1967-1968 yıllarında 39. Tümen Topçu Komutanlığı'nda (Dörtyol, Hatay) batarya komutanı olarak, 1968 ile 1970 yılları arasında ise 9. Piyade Tümen Komutanlığı'nda (Sarıkamış) karargâh subayı olarak görev yaptı. 1970 yılında Silahlı Kuvvetler Akademisi'nden mezuniyetini müteakip, Napoli'deki NATO'ya bağlı askeri kanat Güney Avrupa Müttefik Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı Karargahı Harekât Başkanlığı'nda plan subayı olarak görev yaptı, 1972-1973 yıllarında İstanbul'da Kara Harp Akademisi'nde öğretmenlik yaptı. Daha sonra Genelkurmay Personel Başkanlığı'nda, general amiral şubede kısım âmiri ve Kara Kuvvetleri Personel Başkanlığı'nda, kurmay şube müdürü olarak görev yaptı. 1975 ile 1978 yıllarında Kara Kuvvetleri Genel Plan ve Prensipler Başkanlığı'nda savunma araştırma şube müdürlüğü, 1978 ile 1980 yılları arasında ise Kara Harp Okulu öğrenci alay komutanlığı görevlerini yürüttü.

1974 yılında Roma'da NATO Savunma Kolejini de bitirdi ve akabinde 1980 yılında tuğgeneral rütbesine terfi etti. Bu rütbesinde 1980-1983 yıllarında Mons'ta NATO Avrupa Müttefik Kuvvetleri Yüksek Karargahı harekât merkez amirliği, 1983 ile 1984 yıllarında ise 3. Tugay komutanlığı ve 11. Tugay komutanlığı görevlerinde bulundu.

1984 yılında tümgeneral rütbesine terfi etti. Bu rütbede 1984-1986 yıllarında NATO Güneydoğu Avrupa Müttefik Kara Kuvvetleri (LSE) kurmay başkanlığı, 1986-1988 yıllarında ise Sarıkamış'ta 9. Piyade Tümen komutanlığı görevlerini yürüttü.

1988 yılında korgeneral rütbesine terfi etti. Bu rütbede 1990 yılına kadar genelkurmay personel başkanlığı, 1990 ile 1993 yıllarında ise 5. Kolordu komutanlığı ve Millî Savunma Bakanlığı müsteşarlığı görevlerinde bulundu, 1993 yılında orgeneral rütbesine terfi etti. 1996 yılına kadar NATO Güneydoğu Avrupa Müttefik Kara Kuvvetleri (LSE) Komutanlığı görevini sürdürdü. 1996 yılında 1. Ordu komutanlığı görevine getirildi ve bu görevinden ile 1997 yılında kara kuvvetleri komutanlığına yükseldi.

Kara kuvvetleri komutanlığı

1997 ile 1998 yılları arasında kara kuvvetleri komutanlığı görevini yürüttü. Komutanlığı döneminde siviller, kamu görevlileri ve güvenlik güçlerine karşı saldırılar düzenleyen PKK'ya karşı hava ve kara destekli birçok operasyon yapıldı. En bilinenleri Çekiç ve Şafak Harekâtı'dır. Yine görev süresinde Kıbrıs'taki bir tatbikat sırasında serseri bir kurşun kendisini sıyırdı ve fakat hemen arkasında oturan Albay Vural Berkay'a isabet ederek ölümüne neden oldu.

Genelkurmay başkanlığı
30 Ağustos 1998 tarihinde Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Genelkurmay Başkanı olarak atandı. Komutanlığı döneminde Murat Operasyonu gerçekleştirildi ve 28 Şubat Süreci başladı, kamuoyunda tartışmalara neden olan Andıç Skandalı patlak verdi. Bu görevini emekli olduğu 30 Ağustos 2002 tarihinde kadar sürdürdü.

28 Şubat süreci
Genelkurmay başkanlığı döneminde Süleyman Demirel'in cumhurbaşkanlığında 28 Şubat 1997'de toplanan Millî Güvenlik Kurulu (MGK) kararları ile yalnız üç ay görev yapabilen 54. Türkiye Hükûmeti ve Türkiye'deki muhafazakâr kesime karşı başlayan 28 Şubat süreci için 54. Türkiye Hükûmeti'nin Anayasa Mahkemesi tarafından kapatılmasının ardından göreve gelen yeni başbakan Bülent Ecevit'in 28 Ocak 1999 tarihinde Hürriyet gazetesine verdiği röportajında "28 Şubat geride kaldı" sözlerine karşı Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu 2 Şubat 1999 tarihinde düzenlenen Millî Güvenlik Kurulu toplantısında 28 Şubat kararlarını uygulamadığı ve irticayla yeterince mücadele etmediği gerekçesiyle Ecevit hükümetini eleştirerek, takip eden ilk MGK toplantısında "İrtica bin yıl sürecek olsa, 28 Şubat da bin yıl sürer!" dedi.

Ödülleri
 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Şeref Madalyası
 Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Üstün Hizmet Madalyası
 Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri Şeref Madalyası
 ABD Liyakat Madalyası,
 Pakistan Nişan-ı İmtiyaz Madalyası
 Romen Yıldızı Nişanı
 Polonya Cumhuriyeti 1 nci Derece Üstün Hizmet Madalyası
 Kore Birleşik Millî Güvenlik Madalyası
 Kazakistan Cumhuriyeti Dostluk Madalyası
 Azerbaycan Bayrağı Madalyası
 Macaristan Liyakat Madalyası
 Gürcistan Şeref Nişanı
 Azerbaycan Şeref Madalyası
 Arnavutluk Cumhuriyeti Altın Kartal Şeref Madalyası

Özel hayatı
Olcay Kıvrıkoğlu ile evlenmiş ve iki oğlu olmuştur. İngilizce bilmektedir. 1988 yılında oğlu Haluk Kıvrıkoğlu 29 yaşında, 15 Mart 2015 tarihinde 59 yıllık eşi Olcay Kıvrıkoğlu 79 yaşında hayatını kaybetti. Kıvrıkoğlu, Fenerbahçe taraftarı ve kongre üyesidir.

Kaynakça

Yaşayan insanlar
1934 doğumlular
Bozüyük doğumlular
Işıklar Askerî Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Kara Harp Okulunda öğrenim görenler
28 Şubat süreci
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Şeref Madalyası sahipleri
Romanya Yıldızı Nişanı sahipleri
Gürcistan Şeref Nişanı sahipleri
Topçu subaylar

Hüseyin Kıvrıkoğlu


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 III. Donald, İskoç kralı (ö. 1099)

Ölümler
 4 Haziran - II. Konrad, Kutsal Roma İmparatoru (d. y. 990)

1039


A country's gross external debt (or foreign debt) is the liabilities that are owed to nonresidents by residents.  The debtors can be governments, corporations or citizens.  External debt may be denominated in domestic or foreign currency.  It includes amounts owed to private commercial banks, foreign governments, or international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.

External debt measures an economy's obligations to make future payments and, therefore, is an indicator of a country's vulnerability to solvency and liquidity problems.  Another useful indicator is the net external debt position, which equals gross external debt less external assets in the form of debt instruments. A related concept is the net international investment position (net IIP).  Provided that debt securities are measured at market value, the net external debt position equals the net IIP excluding equity and investment fund shares, financial derivatives, and employee stock options.

Definition
According to the  International Monetary Fund's External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users, "Gross external debt, at any given time, is the outstanding amount of those actual current, and not contingent, liabilities that require payment(s) of principal and/or interest by the debtor at some point(s) in the future and that are owed to nonresidents by residents of an economy."

In this definition, the IMF defines the key elements as follows:
Outstanding and actual current liabilities Debt liabilities include arrears of both principal and interest.
Principal and interest When the cost of borrowing is paid periodically, as commonly occurs, it is known as an interest payment. All other payments of economic value by the debtor to the creditor that reduce the principal amount outstanding are known as principal payments. However, the definition of external debt does not distinguish between principal payments or interest payments, or payments for both. Also, the definition does not specify that the timing of the future payments of principal and/or interest need be known for a liability to be classified as debt.
Residence To qualify as external debt, the debt liabilities must be owed by a resident to a nonresident. Residence is determined by where the debtor and creditor have their centers of economic interest—typically, where they are ordinarily located—and not by their nationality.
Current and not contingent Contingent liabilities are not included in the definition of external debt. These are defined as arrangements under which one or more conditions must be fulfilled before a financial transaction takes place. However, from the viewpoint of understanding vulnerability, there is analytical interest in the potential impact of contingent liabilities on an economy and on particular institutional sectors, such as the government.

Generally, external debt is classified into four heads:
(1) public and publicly guaranteed debt;
(2) private non-guaranteed credits;
(3) central bank deposits; and
(4) loans due to the IMF.

However, the exact treatment varies from country to country. For example, while Egypt maintains this four-head classification, in India it is classified in seven heads:
(a) Multilateral,
(b) Bilateral,
(c) IMF loans,
(d) Trade credit,
(e) Commercial borrowings,
(f) Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin deposits,
(g) Rupee debt, and
(h) NPR debt.

External debt sustainability

Sustainable debt is the level of debt which allows a debtor country to meet its current and future debt service obligations in full, without recourse to further debt relief or rescheduling, avoiding accumulation of arrears, while allowing an acceptable level of economic growth.

External-debt-sustainability analysis is generally conducted in the context of medium-term scenarios. These scenarios are numerical evaluations that take account of expectations of the behavior of economic variables and other factors to determine the conditions under which debt and other indicators would stabilize at reasonable levels, the major risks to the economy, and the need and scope for policy adjustment. In these analyses, macroeconomic uncertainties, such as the outlook for the current account, and policy uncertainties, such as for fiscal policy, tend to dominate the medium-term outlook.

The World Bank and IMF hold that "a country can be said to achieve external debt sustainability if it can meet its current and future external debt service obligations in full, without recourse to debt rescheduling or the accumulation of arrears and without compromising growth". According to these two institutions, "bringing the net present value (NPV) of external public debt down to about 150 percent of a country's exports or 250 percent of a country's revenues" would help eliminating this "critical barrier to longer-term debt sustainability". High external debt is believed to be harmful for the economy.

Indicators

There are various indicators for determining a sustainable level of external debt. While each has its own advantage and peculiarity to deal with particular situations, there is no unanimous opinion amongst economists as to a sole indicator. These indicators are primarily in the nature of ratios—i.e., comparison between two heads and the relation thereon and thus facilitate the policy makers in their external debt management exercise. These indicators can be thought of as measures of the country's "solvency" in that they consider the stock of debt at certain time in relation to the country's ability to generate resources to repay the outstanding balance.

Examples of debt burden indicators include the
(a) Debt-to-GDP ratio,
(b) foreign debt to exports ratio,
(c) government debt to current fiscal revenue ratio etc.
This set of indicators also covers the structure of the outstanding debt, including:
(d) Share of foreign debt,
(e) Short-term debt, and
(f) Concessional debt ("loans with an original grant element of 25 percent or more") in the total debt stock.

A second set of indicators focuses on the short-term liquidity requirements of the country with respect to its debt service obligations. These indicators are not only useful early-warning signs of debt service problems, but also highlight the impact of the inter-temporal trade-offs arising from past borrowing decisions. Examples of liquidity monitoring indicators include the
(a) Debt service to GDP ratio,
(b) Foreign debt service to exports ratio,
(c) Government debt service to current fiscal revenue ratio
The final indicators are more forward-looking, as they point out how the debt burden will evolve over time, given the current stock of data and average interest rate. The dynamic ratios show how the debt-burden ratios would change in the absence of repayments or new disbursements, indicating the stability of the debt burden. An example of a dynamic ratio is the ratio of the average interest rate on outstanding debt to the growth rate of nominal GDP.

See also
Eurodad
Jubilee Debt Coalition
List of countries by external debt
Net international investment position
Odious debt
Government debt
Sovereign default
The Accumulation of Capital
Debt of developing countries
Global debt

Notes

External links
IMF National Summary Data Pages (see "External Debt" under "External Sector")
IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO)-- September 2003 -- Public Debt in Emerging Markets
 External debt  list in CIA World Factbook
 IMF Guide to understanding External Debt
European Network on Debt and Development reports, news and links on external debt.
Comparison of external debt by country

Debt
Macroeconomic indicators
Financial economics
International macroeconomics

External debt


Svinedrengen og Prinsessen på ærten er en børnefilm fra 1962 instrueret af Bent Christensen, Poul Ilsøe.

Handling

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Børnefilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1962

Svinedrengen og Prinsessen på ærten


La ligne 4 du métro de Nankin  (chinois traditionnel : 南京地鐵四號線 ; chinois simplifié : 南京地铁四号线) est la septième ligne du métro de Nankin. C'est une ligne est-ouest qui relie le district de Qixia avec le district de Pukou à l'ouest, elle est inaugurée le . De Longjiang à Lac Xianlin, la ligne comporte 18 stations et  en longueur.

Histoire

Caractéristiques

Tracé

Liste des stations

Exploitation

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Métro de Nankin

Liens externes

4
Nankin, 4

Ligne 4 du métro de Nankin


Hüsby, Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı bölge. 9,68 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Haziran 2005 itibarıyla yaklaşık 752 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Werner Detlefsen tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.huesby.de

Schleswig-Flensburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Hüsby


Morehead Planetarium and Science Center is located on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. As a unit of the university, Morehead receives about one-third of its funding through state sources, one-third through ticket and gift sales, and one-third through gifts and grants.

First opened in 1949, the planetarium was used to train Gemini and Apollo program astronauts in celestial navigation. Until the late 1990s, it contained one of the largest working Copernican orreries in the world. The facility was donated to the university by alumnus John Motley Morehead III who invested more than $3 million in the facility.

History
Morehead Planetarium opened on May 10, 1949 after seventeen months of construction. The first planetarium in the South, it was the sixth to be built in the United States. Designed by Eggers & Higgins, the same architects who planned the Jefferson Memorial, the $3 million cost of its construction (approximately $ million in today's dollars) made it the most-expensive building in North Carolina at the time. Morehead Planetarium was officially dedicated during a ceremony held on May 10, 1949.

Since Zeiss, the German firm that produced planetarium projectors, had lost most of its factories during World War II, there were very few projectors available at the time. Morehead had to travel to Sweden, where he had previously served as American ambassador, to purchase a Zeiss Model II to serve as the heart of North Carolina's new planetarium.

Let There Be Light was the planetarium's first show.

NASA
From 1959 through 1975 every astronaut in the Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, and Apollo–Soyuz Test Project programs spent hours in celestial navigation training at the planetarium. Morehead technicians developed simplified replicas of flight modules and tools for use in the training, often from plywood or cardboard.  A mockup simulating key parts of the Gemini capsule was constructed from plywood and mounted on a barber chair to enable changes in pitch and yaw.  Several of these items are on display at the planetarium.  That training may have helped save astronauts' lives on occasion.  Astronauts aboard Apollo 12 called upon that training after their Saturn V rocket was hit by lightning twice during ascent, knocking spacecraft systems offline and requiring them to configure navigation systems based on fixes taken manually. Gordon Cooper used his training to make the most-accurate landing of Project Mercury after a power failure affected navigational systems.  Astronauts enjoyed soft drinks, cookies and other snacks during their intense hours-long training session, leading planetarium employees to create the code name "cookie time" to refer to the training sessions.  Occasionally, word of the sessions leaked out and noted clothing designer and Chapel Hill native Alexander Julian recalls meeting Mercury Astronauts during a visit to the planetarium while in junior high.

The first astronaut to train at Morehead, in March 1964, was Neil Armstrong.  Armstrong visited again only months before the 1969 launch of Apollo 11, spending a total of 20 days at Morehead over 11 training sessions, more than any other astronaut.  Astronauts commented that the "large dome" was "highly realistic", calling the facility "superb".

In all, the astronauts who trained at the planetarium were Buzz Aldrin, Joseph P. Allen, William Anders, Neil Armstrong, Charles Bassett, Alan Bean, Frank Borman, Vance D. Brand, John S. Bull, Scott Carpenter, Gerald P. Carr, Eugene Cernan, Roger B. Chaffee, Philip K. Chapman, Michael Collins, Pete Conrad, Gordon Cooper, Walter Cunningham, Charles Duke, Donn F. Eisele, Anthony W. England, Joe Engle, Ronald E. Evans, Theodore Freeman, Edward Givens, John Glenn, Richard F. Gordon Jr., Gus Grissom, Fred Haise, Karl Gordon Henize, James Irwin, Joseph P. Kerwin, William B. Lenoir, Don L. Lind, Anthony Llewellyn, Jack R. Lousma, Jim Lovell, Ken Mattingly, Bruce McCandless II, James McDivitt, Curt Michel, Edgar Mitchell, Story Musgrave, Brian O'Leary, Robert A. Parker, William R. Pogue, Stuart Roosa, Wally Schirra, Rusty Schweickart, David Scott, Elliot See, Alan Shepard, Deke Slayton, Thomas P. Stafford, Jack Swigert, William E. Thornton, Paul J. Weitz, Ed White, Clifton Williams, Alfred M. Worden, and John Young.

Fulldome planetarium
Morehead's planetarium seats about 240 people, with a dome that is  in diameter and  tall. It currently has two different projection systems.

In February 2010, Morehead introduced its new fulldome digital video (FDV) projection system, the largest FDV installation in the southeastern United States. Funding for the new system was provided by GlaxoSmithKline, and the planetarium's star theater is now named the GlaxoSmithKline Fulldome Theater.

Morehead's historic star projector, a Carl Zeiss Model VI, was installed in 1969 and remained in limited use as of April 2011, primarily for field trip groups. This projector displays about 8,900 different stars on the dome overhead. The analog planetarium shows are a combined effort of the Zeiss projector, slide projectors and video projectors working together to form a multimedia experience.  Planetarium officials hope to display at least a portion of the projector somewhere in the center. The projector was removed in August 2011.

Exhibits
On February 23, 2007, Morehead opened its first interactive exhibit, Zoom In: Science at the Extremes. It features current science at the extremes of size and scale, including research done by UNC scientists.

The Ancient Carolinians opened on November 17, 2007. This exhibit explores the lives of the first people to live on the land now known as North Carolina, interpreting the use of 10,000-year-old artifacts from the Hardaway archaeological site. This exhibit is supported in part by the Alcoa Foundation, which donated the artifacts to the university. After January 1, 2009, the exhibit installation was removed so that The Ancient Carolinians could become Morehead's first traveling exhibit.

Science stage
Morehead Planetarium and Science Center offers live, educator-led programs in its Science Stage. Science LIVE! shows present the foundations of science, on a variety of topics, through experiments and demonstrations that often involve volunteers from the audience.

External programs
The DESTINY Traveling Science Learning Program, which was founded by UNC in 2000, became part of Morehead in 2006.

The PLANETS Portable Planetarium Program brings the fulldome planetarium experience to elementary schools that are too far from Morehead to plan a field trip to the center.

Jupiter Fellowship
Each year, the Jupiter Committee (a volunteer group that assists in planning the Jupiter Ball fundraising gala for Morehead) awards the Jupiter Fellowship.  This award goes to the student employee(s) who submits the best proposal for a Morehead program, activity or innovation. The fellowship funds the implementation of the proposal.

Morehead Observatory
Morehead Observatory, located on the east end of the top floor of the Morehead building, houses a  Perkin-Elmer reflecting telescope operated by the UNC Physics and Astronomy Department.  Faint object observing is still possible with narrow wavelength filters to block the city lights of Chapel Hill.  The observatory supports research programs in bright star spectroscopy and optical counterparts of Gamma Ray Bursts.

See also
 North Carolina Science Festival

References

External links

 More about the Morehead Planetarium

Planetaria in the United States
Science museums in North Carolina
Museums in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill landmarks
University museums in North Carolina
Eggers & Higgins buildings
NASA Museum Alliance
Morehead family
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill buildings

Morehead Planetarium and Science Center


Shunichi Kumai var en japansk fodboldspiller.

Japans fodboldlandshold

|-
|1934||2||0
|-
!Total||2||0
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Eksterne henvisninger

Japan National Football Team Database

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Shunichi Kumai


M97 or M-97 may refer to:

 Messier 97, a planetary nebula in the constellation Ursa Major
 Winchester Model 1897, a pump-action shotgun
 M-97 (Michigan highway), a state highway in Michigan
 Morehead-Rowan County Clyde A. Thomas Regional Airport (FAA LID: M97), a public airport located northwest of Morehead, Kentucky, United States

M97


Hrvoje Marinović, hrvatski kuglač.

Karijera
Na SP u Rumunjskoj 2018. osvojio je srebro u mješovitom tandemu i broncu u kombinaciji.

Izvori

Hrvatski kuglači

Hrvoje Marinović


بلدية فالينزويلا ، هي إحدى بلديات مقاطعة قرطبة إحدى مقاطعات إسبانيا، و التي تقع في منطقة الأندلس جنوب إسبانيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها 1.355 نسمة وفقاً لإحصائية سنة (2007).

مراجع

بلديات قرطبة

فالينزويلا (قرطبة)


Olaylar

Doğumlar
 19 Eylül
 VI. Leon, Bizans İmparatoru (ö. 912)
 Aleksandros, Bizans İmparatoru (ö. 913)
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 I. Robert, Fransa Kralı (ö. 923)

Ölümler
 21 Nisan - Bardas, Bizans soylusu ve yüksek dereceli bakan
 tarihi bilinmeyen
 Müstaîn, Abbâsî halifesi (d. 836)

866


Engjaklukka (fræðiheiti: Campanula bononiensis) er tegund af klukkuætt (Campanulaceae), og vex í vestur- og mið-Asíu, Kákasus og Síbderíu, og mestallri Evrópu (nema Skandinavía, Bretlandseyjar, Spánn, Portúgal og Ísland).

Tilvísanir

Bláklukkur

Engjaklukka


بهرام الرابع إمبراطور فارس 388م - 399م. من آل ساسان.

انظر أيضا
 قائمة شاهنشاهات الإمبراطورية الساسانية
شجرة عائلة الساسانيين

مصادر

مراجع

تاريخ محافظة كرمان
حكام الإمبراطورية الساسانية
شخصيات من الشاهنامة
ملكيون ساسانيون في القرن 4
ملكيون قتلوا في القرن 4
ملوك الشرق الأوسط في القرن 4
ملوك ساسانيون
ملوك فرس مغتالون
مواليد القرن 4
وفيات 399
حكام كرمان

بهرام الرابع


Granični prijelaz Masnaa međunarodni je granični prijelaz između zemalja Libanona i Sirije. Povezuje carinske punktove Masnaa (Libanon) i Jdeidat Yabous (Sirija). Ničija zemlja u duljini od 8 km pustog neutralnog teritorija razdvaja dvije postaje graničnog prijelaza. To je glavni granični prijelaz između ove dvije zemlje, a povezuje glavne gradove Beirut i Damask.

Recentna povijest
Granica je u svojoj povijesti bila mnogo puta zatvorena i bila je predmetom stalnih kontroverzi, uglavnom zbog svoje manje uloge u bliskoistočnim neprijateljstvima. Dana 29. travnja 2010., američko sigurnosno izaslanstvo posjetilo je prijelaz, što je izazvalo zabrinutost libanonske vlade i militanata Hezbollaha koji djeluju izvan Libanona.

Izvori

Masnaa
Granice Libanona
Građevine u Libanonu

Granični prijelaz Masnaa


Sylvia Melland (1906-1993) foi uma pintora e gravurista britânica.

Infância e educação
Melland nasceu em Altrincham, Cheshire. Ela estudou no Manchester College of Art, na Escola Byam Shaw (de 1925 a 1928), na Euston Road School (entre 1937 e 1939) e na Central School (entre 1957 e 1960).

Carreira
Melland começou a sua carreira artística como pintora, mas mudou-se inteiramente para a gravura na década de 1960. Melland era membro da Associação Internacional de Artistas, um grupo antifascista.

O seu trabalho encontra-se incluído nas colecções da Manchester Art Gallery, do British Museum e do Tate Museum.

Mortos em 1993
Pintoras do Reino Unido
Nascidos em 1906
Artistas do Reino Unido
Mulheres do século XX

Sylvia Melland


229440 Filimon este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
229440 Filimon este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Altschwendt de Wolfgang Ries. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,66 ua, o excentricitate de 0,04 și o înclinație de 21,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 229001-230000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 2005
Centura de asteroizi

229440 Filimon


Fotorama - Grønlandsekspeditionen er en dansk dokumentarisk stumfilm fra 1921 med ukendt instruktør.

Handling
I forbindelse med kryolitskibet FOX II's afrejse fra Danmark den 16. maj 1921 optages nogle spillefilmscener på kajen. Skuespillere ses gående mod skibet og stående på kajen. Ombord er filmdirektør Eduard Schnedler-Sørensen, Peter Freuchen og skuespiller Carl Hillebrandt. Man skal optage en "filmekspedition" på Grønland i samarbejde med Knud Rasmussen. Peter Freuchen med blomster. Mange tager afsked med de rejsende. Der vinkes. Skibet sejler ud af Københavns Havn. Trekroner Søfort ses i baggrunden.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1921
Dokumentariske optagelser
Stumfilm fra Danmark
Danmark i 1920'erne
Film om Grønland

Fotorama - Grønlandsekspeditionen


حسين علي زكي حسين (1 مارس 1979-) لاعب كرة يد مصري، ولد في مدينة الإسكندرية، لقبته الصحف العالمية بـ «الكونكورد المصري».

لعب في بداياته مع الزمالك المصري وحقق معه 4 بطولات دوري و6 بطولات دوري الكأس و4 بطولات أفريقية وشارك مع منتخب الشباب المصري وحقق معه المركز الثالث في كأس العالم 96 واختير أفضل لاعب في العالم، أما في كأس العالم 99 نال جائزة أفضل هداف.

حقق العديد من الانجازات مع الفراعنة حيث حقق المركز الرابع في بطولة العالم 2001 واختير ضمن أفضل 7 لاعبين في العالم كما نال جائزة أفضل لاعب سنتر هاف وفي العام 2003 حقق المركز الثاني في قائمة هدافي كأس العالم.. انضم في العام 2001 إلى فريق بي إم ثيوداد ريال الإسباني وحقق معه بطولة اندية ابطال أوروبا وكأس أوروبا وبطولة الدوري الإسباني وكأس الأمير 3 مرات فضلا عن انجازه الشخصي باختياره أفضل محترف في الفريق كما انه استطاع الفوز بكأس العالم للأندية مع فريق السد القطري خلال السنة (2002) التي لعبها مع النادي معاراً من نادي ريال سوسيدات الإسباني وانتقل بعدها للعب في نادي ريال سرقسطة «بي أم أراجون» وصنف كأفضل لاعب وهداف في العام 2005 وضمن أفضل 10 لاعبين في الدوري الإسباني وبعدها انتقل للعين الإماراتي وحقق معه المركز الثاني ثم انتقل إلى نادي اهلي دبي عام 2011 واستطاع هناك حصد بطولة أندية الخليج 2013 وفضية بطولة أندية أسيا كما ساهم بقوة في تتويج النادي كبطل الدوري الإماراتي 3 مرات وبطل كأس السوبر 3 مرات وبطل كأس الاتحاد 3 مرات ولازال حتى الآن يلعب في نادي اهلي دبي

حياته

كانت بداية حسين زكي في نادى شركة النحاس المصرية بمنطقة فلمنج بالإسكندرية، تولى إدارة الشركة أحد المديرين (الميرغنى) وكان اخوه يعمل مديرا فنيا لكره اليد بالنادى الاولمبى
وافتتح النشاط الرياضى بهذا النادى الصغير الاشبه بمركز شباب وانفقت الشركة على هذا النشاط وبداوا (ك عليوه - ك صلاح) في تعليم كرة اليد للأطفال من عمر 5 سنوات وفجأة اكتسح النادى الصغبر مسابقات الناشئين لكرة اليد على مستوى الجمهورية وقهروا أكبر الاندية في مصر واصبح الأطفال الصغار عمالقة كرة اليد في مصر
حسين زكي - خالد حسن وغيرهم هم نتاج انفاق شركات القطاعين العام والخاص على الانشطة الرياضية.

الجوائز
جائزة أفضل لاعب سنتر هاف في العام 2003

ما بعد الاعتزال
عمل كمدرب لمنتخب مصر للناشئين تحت 19 سنة وحصل معهم على كاس العالم للناشئين سنة 2019

انظر أيضا
 بطولة العالم لكرة اليد للناشئين 2019
 منتخب مصر لكرة اليد للناشئين

روابط خارجية

مراجع

كرة اليد في 2019
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
لاعبو كرة يد أولمبيون من مصر
لاعبو كرة يد في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2000
لاعبو كرة يد في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2004
لاعبو كرة يد في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2008
لاعبو كرة يد مصريون
مدربو كرة يد مصريون
مواليد 1399 هـ
مواليد 1979

حسين زكي


الكونت دي مونت كريستو: رواية ألكسندر دوما

الكونت دي مونت كريستو

كونت مونتي كريستو (توضيح)


Careware, charityware, goodware, helpware je programska podrška za koju autor traži da se novac uplati u dobrotvorne svrhe. Donationware je sličan koncept.

Usporedi
plati koliko želiš
darovna ekonomija
freemium
freeware
shareware
demo
abandonware
vaporware
shovelware (crapware, garbageware)
adware
donationware
otvoreni kod
nagware
glossyware
beerware

Izvori

Vrste programske podrške

Careware


A Metrópole da Crimeia () é a metrópole da Igreja Ortodoxa Russa no território da Crimeia. Desde a sua criação é dirigida pelo Metropolita Lázaro (Schvets) de Simferopol e Crimeia.

História
Estabelecida em 7 de junho de 2022 por decisão do Santo Sínodo da Igreja Ortodoxa Russa no território da República da Crimeia e na cidade federal de Sebastopol. Inclui as eparquias de Dzhankoi, Simferopol e Teodosia, que anteriormente faziam parte da Igreja Ortodoxa Ucraniana.

Estrutura
Três dioceses foram incluídas na metrópole:

 Diocese de Dzhankoi;
 Diocese de Simferopol;
 Diocese Teodosiana.

Metropolita

 Lázaro (Shvets) (7 de junho de 2022 -)

Referências

Dioceses da Igreja Ortodoxa Russa
Crimeia

Metrópole da Crimeia


Hypagophytum, monotipski rod biljaka iz porodice Crassulaceae. Jedina vrsta je H. abyssinicum iz Etiopije i Eritreje

To je višegodišnja sukulentna biljka s podzemnim gomoljastim korijenjem. Raste na planinama sjeverne Etiopije i susjednim područjima Eritreje, na nadmorskoj visini od 2 250 do 3 500 m. Naraste do visine od oko 10 cm. Cvjetovi su bijeli.

Rod je opisan 1930.

Sinonimi
 Crassula malladrae (Chiov.) Chiov.
 Sedum abyssinicum (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Raym.-Hamet
 Sedum malladrae Chiov.
 Sempervivum abyssinicum Hochst. ex A.Rich.

Izvori

Crassuloideae

Hypagophytum


تهجين العمارة بالطبيعة (Ibridazioni architettura/natura) هو كتاب للمؤلف كارلو بوتسي (Carlo Bozzi)، التي نشرته Meltemi Editore في عام 2003.

مقدمة
عمارة الأنسان بنوعيتها كانت الشيء الأخر بالنسبة للطبيعة، والتي لا تزال السيناريو المرجعي الثابت .
هذه المسافة الهائلة تحدت دائما المعماريين ، الذين، أولاً، لاحظوا ودرسوا الطبيعة، ثم حاولوا تقليدها، أو حتى بطريقة فكرية حاولوا فهم مبادئها، وأخيراً حاولوا إقامة تحالف معها (تقريباً بتواطؤ)، واضعين أنفسهم في رحمها ، أو حتى باستخدامها كعنصر من عناصر التكوين المعماري، وأخيرا بالوصول إلى الطفرات التي هي ما يسمى ألأن البنية الحيوية.

وهذه الخطوات لها علاقة بالتقييم الأساسي للتناسب الشكلي في عملية التصميم :في تصميم تحت التربة (Hypogeum)، التي قدمت في السنوات الأخيرة عددا كبيرا من التجارب ، وغالبا بدافع احتياجات بيئية وبيولوجية ومناخية, تخفي اتجاها إلى درجة الصفر للشكل ، نوع من الصمت في نطاق الإدراك الحسي ألمقترح. من الديناميات التي وقعت مؤخرا التي تنص على إعادة تطبيع المناطق الحضرية ، وفسح المجال أمام أي وجود للطبيعة حتى ولو كان مصطنعة.

على الأسقف تظهر طبقات تربة, تغطى الواجهات بوضع شبكات التي عليها تنمو النباتات المتسلقة ، أو حتى نباتات بلاستيكية . وبهذا تمزج الطبيعة مع العمارة ، تغطيها, تمر خلالها وتهجنها: البحث يتحرك نحو أشكال تلوث شديد مستعار من الفن المعاصر التي يفترض أن تكون العمارة مختلطة أو انها لا تعتبر تغطية على الإطلاق.

مصادر

 تهجين العمارة بالطبيعة (Ibridazioni architettura/natura)
 Ibridazioni architettura/natura

كتب 2003

تهجين العمارة والطبيعة


Storekvina Station (Storekvina stasjon) er en jernbanestation på Sørlandsbanen, der ligger i Kvinesdal kommune i Norge. Stationen består af et spor og en perron med en stationsbygning i gulmalet træ. Der kører taxi til/fra Liknes i forbindelse med togene, idet der dog skal bestilles i forvejen.

Stationen åbnede 17. december 1943, da banen blev forlænget fra Kristiansand til Sira. Stationsbygningen var opført året før efter tegninger af Gudmund Hoel ved NSB Arkitektkontor. I 1969 blev strækningen fjernstyret, men det kom ikke til at berøre Storekvina, idet stationens krydsningsspor blev taget ud af drift 1. juni 1969. Stationen var bemandet for ekspedition af passagerer og gods indtil 1. juni 1986.

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Sørlandsbanen
Etableret i 1943
Jernbanestationer i Agder

Storekvina Station


An Cyrtosia septentrionalis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Leslie Andrew Garay. An Cyrtosia septentrionalis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cyrtosia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cyrtosia (Orchidaceae)

Cyrtosia septentrionalis


Levende ord - fællesskab og demokrati er en dokumentarfilm instrueret af Dola Bonfils efter manuskript af Dola Bonfils.

Handling
Hvad betyder ordet demokrati her i slutningen af det 20. århundrede? Er demokratiet i krise i Danmark? Filmen følger en insisterende nysgerrig Ebbe Kløvedal Reich. Først i dialog med danske politikere. Senere på rejse i Afrika, hvor Kløvedal er fast besluttet på at sætte sine forestillinger og fordomme om ideelle samfundsindretninger på prøve. Kløvedal besøger Naam-bevægelsen i Burkina Faso, hvis stifter Bernard Ouedraogo har udviklet et kvalitativt demokrati på basis af ideer og praksis, der minder om den danske andelsbevægelse. Men er vi parate til at lære af afrikanerne?

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1996

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Levende ord - fællesskab og demokrati


يا سلام، هو الألبوم الثالث لنانسي عجرم. صدر في 24 فبراير 2003 وهو من إنتاج كل من Relax In وMegastar.

تعاونت عجرم في الألبوم لأول مرة مع طارق مدكور وعادل عياش وسمير صفير وسليم سلامة وطوني سابا.

يعتبر الألبوم نقطة تحوّل في مسيرة عجرم حيث يمثّل خروجاً عن الصوت الكلاسيكي لإصداراتها السابقة وهما ألبومي: محتجالك (1998)، وشيل عيونك عني (2001). وبصرف النظر عن اتباعها نمطاً غنائياً جديداً فإنها أيضاً اعتمدت صورة خارجية مختلفة، تمثلت في فتاة بريئة شقيّة ومثيرة.

تلقى الألبوم عند صدوره الكثير من النقد الإيجابي من خبراء الموسيقى العربية، وأشاد بعضهم بتأليفه واتجاهه الموسيقي الذي أضفى على عجرم سمة مختلفة. وبفضل ألبوم «يا سلام» حصلت عجرم على العديد من الجوائز بما في ذلك جائزة الموريكس دور وجائزة الأسد الذهبي.

صوِّر من الألبوم ثلاث أغنيات هي: أخصمك آه، والتي أثارت الكثير من الانتقادات والجدل، لكنها حققت نجاحاً عالمياً. كما صورت أغنية يا سلام وهي الأغنية التي حملت عنوان الألبوم، وحققت نجاحاً كبيراً في أرجاء الوطن العربي. كذلك صورت أغنية «سحر عيونو» والتي أيضاً حظيت بشهرة كبيرة في مختلف البلدان العربية واحتلت المراتب الأولى في العديد من الإحصاءات، ونالت أيضاً شهرة عالمية حيث تم اقتباس لحن الأغنية لسمير صفير وتوزيعها لطارق مدكور في أغنية لفنانة أثيوبية تدعى «بونغو فلافا سينا هالي».

قدمت عجرم العديد من الأغاني من الألبوم في عروض وبرامج، مثل «الهوا هوانا» على تلفزيون دريم مع هالة سرحان. ومهرجان شم النسيم في مصر، ومهرجان جرش في الأردن.

دعماً للألبوم شرعت عجرم في أول جولة لها في الشرق الأوسط. وأعيد إصدار الألبوم في العام 2007.

الأغاني

الجوائز
1- أفضل مغنية عربية، وأفضل كليب عن أغنية «أخصمك آه» في مهرجان الفيديو كليب الدولي في مصر.

2- أفضل مغنية لبنانية وأفضل كليب عن أغنية «يا سلام» في الموريكس دور.

3- جائزة الأسد الذهبي لأصغر مغني عربي.

4- جائزة إل جي للموسيقى عن فئة الشرف.

5- أفضل مغنية عربية في مجلة زهرة الخليج.

مراجع

أغان مصرية
ألبومات 2003
ألبومات نانسي عجرم

يا سلام


Schloss Eckersdorf steht für folgende Schlösser:

 Schloss Bożków in Bożków, Polen
 Schloss Fantaisie in Eckersdorf-Donndorf, Bayern
 Plassenberger Schloss in Eckersdorf, Bayern

Schloss Eckersdorf


(« lézards à dos raide ») est un clade éteint de dinosaures de la famille des Abelisauridae dérivés, connu uniquement par des restes fossiles sud-américains. Ils représentent certains des plus grands membres des Abelisauridae, avec une longueur moyenne de 7 à 9 mètres. Le clade est défini comme le clade le plus inclusif contenant Carnotaurus mais pas Ilokelesia, Skorpiovenator ou Majungasaurus.

Classification

Traits distinctifs
Furileusauria se distingue par plusieurs traits exclusifs aux membres de ce clade. Ce sont :

 la présence d'une pointe dans la zone médiane de la face postérieure du processus ventral du postorbitaire
 la présence d'un bourrelet suivi d'une encoche profonde dans le contact postorbitaire-squamosal
 l'absence de fenêtre entre les frontal, postorbitaire et lacrymale
 une projection antérieure de l'extrémité distale des épiphophyses cervicales
 le bord postérieur des postzygapophyses au niveau de l'articulation intervertébrale des vertèbres dorsales
 une morphologie en forme de croissant de l'extrémité distale des processus transverses des vertèbres caudales antérieure et moyenne
 les apophyses transverses des vertèbres caudales antérieures élargies distalement et seulement projetées vers l'avant
 une marge externe convexe des processus transverses des vertèbres caudales antérieures
 crête cnémiale du tibia avec un processus renversé

Phylogénie
Dans la description de l'abélisauridé Llukalkan, les auteurs ont effectué une analyse phylogénétique pour tester les affinités du nouveau taxon. L'arbre de consensus strict simplifié de l'analyse est présenté ci-dessous.

Liens externes

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Theropoda
Genre de dinosaures non aviens (nom scientifique)
Taxon fossile décrit en 2016
Paléontologie au Brésil
Paléontologie en Argentine

Furileusauria


Palästina nahm in London an den Olympischen Spielen 2012 teil. Es war die insgesamt fünfte Teilnahme an Olympischen Sommerspielen. Vom Palestine Olympic Committee wurden fünf Athleten in drei Sportarten nominiert, darunter Vertreter aus dem Westjordanland und Jerusalem, aus dem Gazastreifen und ein palästinensischer Flüchtling, der in Kairo lebt. Aufgrund der Bewegungseinschränkungen, welche die israelische Besatzungsmacht der palästinensischen Bevölkerung auferlegt, konnte das Team erst nach der Ankunft in London am Flughafen Heathrow erstmals zusammentreffen.

Fahnenträger bei der Eröffnungsfeier war der Judoka Maher Abu Rmilah.

Teilnehmer nach Sportarten

Judo

Leichtathletik

Schwimmen

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Palastina
Sommerspiele 2012

Olympische Sommerspiele 2012/Teilnehmer (Palästina)


La tête de Mérelle est un sommet du massif des Vosges culminant à  d'altitude, dans la commune de Gérardmer, dans le département des Vosges, en France.

Accès
Un sentier de randonnée partant du lac au stade du lieu-dit Ramberchamp permet d'accéder à la tête de Mérelle, ainsi que la route forestière D 69 en direction du hameau du Phény.

Depuis le haut de la tour, une vue panoramique sur le lac, la ville et le domaine skiable s'offre au promeneur.

Histoire
La tour, qui a une hauteur de 15 mètres, a été construite en juillet 1964 par un groupe de Scouts de France. Elle est composée d'un escalier en colimaçon de 85 marches.

Notes et références

Articles connexes
 Lac de Gérardmer
 Cascade de Mérelle

Mérelle
Mérelle

Tête de Mérelle


Radyo Viva, 12 Haziran 1999'da yayına başlayan İstanbul merkezli ulusal radyo istasyonu. Erol Aksoy tarafından kurulmuştur. Türkçe Pop ve fantezi müzik tarzında yayın yapmaktadır. 1999 yılında İstanbul'da 90.1 frekansından yayına başladı. 2007 yılından itibaren İstanbul frekansı 90.0 olarak değiştirilmiştir. Kurulduğu günden bugüne "Türkçe müziğin keyfi" sloganıyla yayın yapan radyo kanalıdır.

2004 yılında Cine5 ve Show Radyo ile beraber Radyo Viva'ya TMSF tarafından el kondu. 2011 itibarı ile, TMSF tarafından İlbak Holding'e satıldı. Bir dönem şirin medya bünyesinde kısa bir süre yer aldı. 2018 yılında kardeş istasyonu Show Radyo ile beraber TV100'ünde sahibi olan Necat Gülseven'e ait 3N Medya bünyesine katılmış halen bu gruba bağlı olarak yayınlarını ulusal çapta sürdürmektedir.

Programcılar
 Ömer Erişmen
Vural Özkan
Rıza Esendemir
Serdar Ortaç
Dr.Erol Köse

Eski DJ'ler
 Meltem
 Ezgi
 Ersin
 Erkut
 Hüseyin
 Fırat
 Onur Deveci (Radyo Viva tarihinin en çok reyting alan yayıncısıdır)
 Müge
 Sema
 Ece
 Eser
 Kadir
 Meral
 Burçin
 Hakan

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

Türkiye radyo kanalları
1999'da kurulan radyo kanalları
Avrupa ve Amerika Holding

Radyo Viva


Sven Teutenberg (18 de agosto de 1972 en Düsseldorf) es un ex ciclista profesional alemán.

Biografía

Comenzó su carrera profesional en 1994 en el equipo holandés WordPerfect y posteriormente Novell en 1995, antecesores del Rabobank. Empezó a destacarse como esprínter logrando un tercer lugar en la París-Tours de ese año.

En 1996 fichó por el US Postal estando en el equipo hasta 1998, año en que coincidió con Lance Armstrong. De allí pasó al Gerolsteiner en 1999 donde estuvo dos temporadas.

Festina en 2001 y  Phonak en 2002 fueron sus siguientes equipos y al año siguiente (2003) recaló en un conflictivo Team Coast (Team Bianchi desde mayo) que al desaparecer a fines de ese año, dejaron a Teutenberg sin equipo para 2004.

Tras dos años como amateur, volvió a mediados del 2006 en el equipo austríaco Vorarlberg (renombrado Team Volksbank en 2007). Culminó su carrera deportiva a mediados de 2009 en el equipo sudafricano MTN Cycling Team

Compitió en un Tour de Francia, el de 2001 culminando en la posición 81.ª. Tomó parte del Giro de Italia una sola vez, en 2002 abandonando en la sexta etapa. Cinco veces estuvo presente en la Vuelta a España, de las cuales en cuatro completó el recorrido y en 1997 obtuvo la posición 111.º como su mejor resultado. Precisamente en la Vuelta a España fue donde consiguió sus mejores resultados de etapa. Logró varios podios como en 2001, logrando un tercer lugar en la etapa León-Gijón detrás de Erik Zabel y Óscar Freire o en 2002, nuevamente tercero en la etapa Jaén-Málaga detrás de Mario Cipollini y Erik Zabel.

Su hermana, Ina Teutenberg, también es ciclista profesional en el equipo femenino Specialized-Lululemon (ex HTC Highroad Women); y su hermano, Lars Teutenberg, también es ciclista aunque amateur logrando varios éxitos como el Récord de la hora en bicicletas especiales.

Palmarés
1993
 Circuito Franco-Belga, más 1 etapa
 1 etapa de la Vuelta a Baviera
 International Cycling Classic

1994
 2 etapas del Tour DuPont

1996
 Rutas de América, más 2 etapas
 1 etapa del Teleflex Tour
 1 etapa del Tour DuPont

1997
 Tour de Düren

1998
 1 etapa de la Vuelta a Renania-Palatinado

2000
 1 etapa de la Vuelta a Baviera

2001
 3 etapas de la Vuelta a Chile

2003
 1 etapa del Tour de Hesse

Equipos
  Wordperfect (1994)
  Novell Software (1995)
  US Postal Service (1996-1998)
  Gerolsteiner (1999-2000)
  Festina (2001)
  Phonak Hearing System (2002)
  Team Coast/Team Bianchi (2003)
  Team Vorarlberg/Team Volksbank (2006-2007)
 Team Vorarlberg (2006)
 Team Volksbank (2007)
  MTN Cycling Team (2009)

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en sitiodeciclismo.net
 Ficha en memoireducyclisme.net

Ciclistas de Alemania
Hermanos ciclistas
Nacidos en Düsseldorf

Sven Teutenberg


«تيرز أون ماي بيلو»  أو دموع على وسادتي، هي أغنية دو واب من تأليف سيلفستر برادفورد وآل لويس عام 1958.أول من غنى الأغنية هم فريق ليل أنتوني أند إمبريالز ومن إنتاج إند ريكوردز وكانت أولى تسجيلات تلك الفرقة. وكان تسجيلهم الأصلي قد حقق نجاحا كبيرا على قائمة بيلبورد، حيث وصلت للمركز الرابع في تلك السنة، وكانت أول أغنية للفريق تبيع أكثر من مليون نسخة. وكانت أغنية ناجحة على الوجهين، إذ حققت أغنية الوجه الآخر النجاح أيضا وهي بعنوان «تو بيبولز إن ذا ورلد». ورغم أن الأغنية كانت معرّفة بفريق ليتل أنتوني، فقد تم تقليدها من العديد من الفنانين، ومنهم كايلي مينوغ التي تصدرت قائمة الأغاني البريطانية عام 1990.

مراجع

أغان عن بكاء
أغان منفردة 1958
أغان منفردة أولى
أغان منفردة حققت المركز الأول في المملكة المتحدة
أغان منفردة في 1989
أغان منفردة في 1990
أغاني 1958
أغاني كايلي مينوغ

تيرز أون ماي بيلو


Entwine, Fin bir doom metal grubudur.

Entwine'ın hikâyesi 1995 yılına kadar gider. A.Hanttu (bateri), T-I Mikkola (gitar,vokal) ve T.Taipale (bas gitar) beraber bir grup kurmaya karar verdiler. İlk zamanlarda Death metal yapmaya başladılar ama bir süre yapmak istedikleri müziğin bu olmadığının farkına varıp biraz daha melodik ve melankoli içeren müzik yapmaya karar verdiler ve Gothic Metal'e kaydılar bunun içinde yeni bir vokaliste ihtiyaçları vardı.Vokalistle beraber ikinci bir gitarist ve klavyeci daha aldılar gruba.

1997 yılında grup 4 parçalık bir kaset çıkarttışar "Divine Infinity" gotik kökenli atmosferik metal olarak adlandırabileceğimiz bu albüm ile grup Finlandiya'da oldukça iyi tanınan Riitta Heikkonen'i gruba klavyeci olarak dahil etti.

1999 Yılında grup Spinefarm Records ile anlaşma yaptı ve aynı yılın eylül ayında "The Treasures Within Hearts" piyasaya sürüldü.Metal müzik piyasasından çok iyi tepkiler alan bu albüm sayesinde grup uzun bir Avrupa turnesine çıktı. 2000 nisan ayında Entwine basistlerini değiştirmeye kadar verdiler. Yeni Vokalist Mika Tauriainen ve bas gitarist Joni Miettinen gruba katıldı (Mayıs 2000). Hemen ardından stüdyoya kapanan Entwine'ın 3 ay sonra ikinci albümleri "Gone" piyasaya sürüldü. Çektikleri video klip "New Dawn" ile şöhretlerini iyice arttıran grup "Jaani Kähkönen" adlı gitaristi konserlerinde kullanmak için kadrolarına kattılar.

Grup 2002 yılının Ocak ayında Astia-Stüdyolarına kapandı ve hummalı çalışmalarının ardından "Time Of Despair" albümleri ortaya çıktı. Günümüzde gotik müziğin önderlerinden olan Entwine 2004 yılında "Bitter Sweet" adlı 2 şarkılık bir CD ve "DIEversity" adlı albümlerini yayınladı. Grup, DIEversity albümüyle, farklı bir türe doğru kaydığını göstermiş oldu. Kendi tarzlarını yaratmaya başladıklar bu albüm, Entwine'ın en çok beğenilen albümü haline geldi.

2005 yılına gelindiğinde ise 2006'da çıkacak olan 'Fatal Design' adlı albümünden ilk parçasını yayınladı: Break Me. Ve 2006 yılında albüm piyasaya sürülerek, Dieversity albümündeki değişimin oturduğunu, dinleyenlerine sundu. Albümden başka 'Surrender' ve 'Chameleon Halo' adlı singlelar çıktı.

Diskografi

Albümleri
 The Treasures Within Hearts (1999)
 Gone (2001)
 Time of Despair (2002)
 DiEversity (2004)
 Fatal Design (2006)
 Painstained (2009)
 Chaotic Nation (2015)

EPler
 Sliver (2005)

Singlelar
 New Dawn (2000)
 The Pit (2002)
 Bitter Sweet (2004)
 Surrender (2006)
 Chameleon Halo (2006)
 The Strife (radio only single 2008)
 Save Your Sins (2010)
 Plastic World (2015)

Demolar
 Addicted to Homicidal Enjoyment (1995) (released as "Kaamos")
 Divine Infinity (1997)

Dış bağlantılar

 Entwine's official website

Fin hard rock grupları
Fin gotik metal grupları
1995'te kurulan müzik grupları

Entwine


Der Bahnhof Dresden Flughafen ist der Flughafenbahnhof von Dresden. Der Bahnhof wurde am 25. März 2001 zusammen mit der 1,15 km langen Verlängerung der Bahnstrecke Klotzsche–Grenzstraße zum Flughafen Dresden eröffnet. Der Bahnhof war der erste und bis zur Eröffnung des Leipziger City-Tunnels einzige Tiefbahnhof Sachsens.

Beschreibung
Aufgrund des gestiegenen Fluggastaufkommens nach der Wende wurde mit einem Neubau eines Flughafenterminals begonnen. Dieses sollte in Tieflage einen Bahnhof erhalten.

In das Flughafenterminal, das den Bahnhof einschließt, wurden 220 Millionen Euro investiert. Der Freistaat Sachsen förderte den Bahnanschluss des Airports mit fast 50 Millionen Euro.

Baubeginn für den Bahnanschluss des Flughafens war am 30. Juli 1998. Bis Sommer 1999 war der aus Betonfertigteilen errichtete Tunnel fertig gestellt. Der an die eingleisige Strecke angeschlossene zweigleisige Kopfbahnhof wurde mit einem 55 cm hohen Mittelbahnsteig und zwei 140 m langen Bahnsteigkanten ausgerüstet. Mit Fertigstellung der Anschlussstrecke und des neuen Terminals am 25. März 2001 wurde der Kopfbahnhof eröffnet. Der Bahnhof liegt im Untergeschoss des Terminals (Ebene K) und ist mit diesem über Treppen, Rolltreppen und Aufzüge verbunden. Daneben existiert als Notausgang ein weiterer Treppenzugang im nördlichen Bereich des Bahnsteiges.

Der Bahnhof besaß nach seiner Fertigstellung zunächst keine elektrischen Fahrleitungen. Für den Betrieb mit Dieseltriebwagen erhielten die Gleise Abgasabsaugvorrichtungen. Zwischen Bahnhof und Flughafenterminal besteht eine Brandabschottung, die im Gefahrenfall geschlossen werden kann.

Erst im Dezember 2004 wurden die Gleise im Bahnhof mit Deckenstromschienen für den elektrischen Eisenbahnbetrieb ausgestattet. Seit dieser Zeit verkehren statt der Dieseltriebwagen lokbespannte Wagenzüge mit elektrischer Lokomotive zum Flughafen.

Im aktuell gültigen Flächennutzungsplan der Stadt Dresden wird im südwestlichen Bereich des Bahnhofs eine Trasse für eine Weiterführung der Bahnstrecke freigehalten. Mit dieser Verbindung soll vom Bahnhof Dresden-Industriegelände aus eine Schleife über den Flughafen gebaut werden, die in die Strecke Dresden–Görlitz Richtung Osten mündet. Konkrete Pläne zur Umsetzung dieses Vorhabens existieren nicht.

Verkehrsangebot
DB Regio bedient den Bahnhof durch die S-Bahn-Linie S2 mit täglich 78 Zugfahrten im 30-Minuten-Takt. Die Fahrzeit vom Flughafen nach Dresden Hbf beträgt 21 Minuten; bis Pirna 46 Minuten.

Im Stadtverkehr bestehen Verknüpfungen zu den Buslinien der Dresdner Verkehrsbetriebe 80 (Bahnhof Dresden-Klotzsche – Flughafen Dresden – Omsewitz; 20-Minuten-Takt) und 77 (Klotzsche-Infineon – Flughafen Dresden – Industriegebiet Nord – Marsdorf; 10/20-Minuten-Takt).

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Flughafen
Dresden Flughafen
Dresden
Dresden Flughafen
Erbaut in den 2000er Jahren
Bauwerk in Klotzsche

Bahnhof Dresden Flughafen


Borrell I. od Pallarsa (španjolski Borrell I de Pallars) (umro prije 994.) bio je španjolski plemić te grof Pallarsa.

Bio je sin grofa Lopea I. i njegove žene, Gotrude od Cerdañe, te brat grofa Ramóna II. i grofa Suñera I., s kojima je vladao Pallarsom.

Oženio je damu Ermentrudu, čiji su roditelji nepoznati.

Ermentruda i Borrell bili su roditelji grofa Ermengola I. od Pallarsa, Isarna, Mirona (Miró), Vilima, Ermengarde i Ave (spomenuta u oporuci svoga oca kao "filia mea Ava"; to jest, "moja kći Ava").

Izvori

Grofovi Pallarsa

Borrell I. od Pallarsa


Aydınlı, Eskişehir ilinin Sivrihisar ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarihçe
Mahallenin adı, 1919 yılı kayıtlarında Polathisar olarak geçmektedir. Daha önceleri Konya'nın Akşehir ilçesi Yunak bucağına bağlıyken, 9 Haziran 1948'de Eskişehir'in Sivrihisar ilçesine bağlandı.

Coğrafya
Eskişehir il merkezine 150 km, Sivrihisar ilçe merkezine 50 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Sivrihisar'ın mahalleleri

Aydınlı, Sivrihisar


Lichtenstein var en tysk radar, der blev anvendt under 2. Verdenskrig på natjagere fra Luftwaffe. Natjageren blev dirigeret tæt på målet fra en leder på jorden, der benyttede jordbaseret radar (ofte Würzburg-Riese i par). Når radaren i flyet kunne se målet, kunne piloten klare resten.

Udvikling
Lichtenstein blev udviklet af Telefunken, og forekom i mindst fire udgaver: FuG 202 Lichtenstein B/C, FuG 212 Lichtenstein C-1, FuG 220 Lichtenstein SN-2 og den sjældent forekommende FuG 228 Lichtenstein SN-3. (FuG er en forkortelse for Funk-Gerät, radioapparat). Det var den eneste vidt anvendte type flymonteret radar, der blev anvendt af Luftwaffes natjagere i løbet af krigen.  Et konkurrerende system, FuG 216 til 218 "Neptun", med en frekvens midt i VHF-området, var tænkt anvendt indtil det mikrobølgebaserede system FuG 240 "Berlin" kunne masseproduceres. Krigen sluttede, mens "Berlin" stadig var under aftestning.

Eksterne henvisninger

 http://www.germanluftwaffe.com/downloads/Bilder/DiverseBilder/DiverseTeile/Antenne/Fug%20202.htm[ Tysksproget side om Lichtensteins UHF-bånd Matratze antenneenhed]
 Detaljer om B/C, C-1 and SN-2 versionerne af Lichtenstein radarapparaterne
 The Century of Radar
 Et billede af en Ju-88 udstyret med Lichtenstein, der blev fløjet til RAF-basen i Woodbridge ved en fejltagelse

Radarer fra 2. verdenskrig
Danmark under 2. verdenskrig
Tysklands militær

Lichtenstein-radar


Ladelund Sogn (på tysk Kirchspiel Ladelund) er et sogn i det nordlige Sydslesvig, tidligere i Kær Herred (Tønder Amt), nu kommunerne Bramstedlund, Ladelund og Vestre i Nordfrislands Kreds i delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

I Ladelund Sogn findes flg. stednavne:
 Adele (Adewatt(hof))
 Bramsted (Bramdstedt)
 Bramstedlund (Bramdstedtlund)
 Bramstedhøj
 Boversted (Boverstedt)
 Bækhus
 Bærbækgaard eller Himmerig
 Hedegaard
 Helved
 Klint
 Kongsager (Königsacker)
 Kovang
 Ladelund
 Ladelund Bjerg
 Ladelund Mølle
 Langvad
 Nyhus (Neuhaus)
 Sleteng
 Snabe
 Speg
 Tykke
 Vestre (på dansk også Væstre, Westre)

Litteratur
 Jens Peter Trap: Statistisk-topographisk beskrivelse af hertugdømmet Slesvig, Kjøbenhavn 1864, side 167
 M. Mørk Hansen og C. L. Nielsen: Kirkelig Statistik over Slesvig Stift: Med historiske og topografiske bemærkninger, 1. bind, Kjøbenhavn 1863, side 218
 Johannes Kok: Det danske folkesprog i Sønderjylland, 2. bind, København 1867

Eksterne henvisninger
 Ladelund Menighed / Kirchengemeinde Ladelund

Noter

Sogne i Sydslesvig

Ladelund Sogn


Iancu Jianu zapciul, scris pe generic Zapciul Iancu Jianu, este un film românesc din 1981 regizat de Dinu Cocea. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Adrian Pintea, Mihai Mereuță și Radu Beligan.

Rezumat

Distribuție

 Adrian Pintea — zapciul Iancu Jianu
 Mihai Mereuță — haiducul Mereanu
 Radu Beligan — boierul Samurcaș, care complotează împreună cu Tudor Vladimirescu
 Stela Furcovici — Ionica, herghelegioaică, fiica lui Vârlan
 Marioara Sterian — Tincuța (Catinca), fiica ispravnicului Calafeteanu
 Elena Sereda — hangița Dobrița, doica lui Iancu Jianu
 Ilarion Ciobanu — Vârlan, țăran ardelean devotat lui Tudor Vladimirescu, tatăl Ionicăi
 Ion Marinescu — boierul Calafeteanu, ispravnicul de Romanați
 Draga Olteanu-Matei — Luța, slujnica țigancă a Tincuței
 Jean Constantin — Corcodel, slujitorul țigan al lui Iancu
 Mihai Pălădescu — Anghel Jianu, fratele lui Iancu
 Florina Cercel — Sultana Jianu, soția lui Anghel
 Geo Nune — Spiru Iamandi, ajutorul lui Iancu
 Irina Petrescu — maica stareță de la Mănăstirea Ciunget
 Emanoil Petruț — slugerul Tudor Vladimirescu
 Dan Nasta - Vodă Caragea, domnul Țării Românești
 Cornel Coman — țăranul cu mustață groasă
 Ion Anghelescu-Moreni
 Constantin Guriță — boierul Izvoranu, creditorul Jienilor
 Ioana Ciomârtan — bunica lui Iancu Jianu
 Virgil Platon — arnăut
 Alexandru Lungu — țăran
 Mihai Badiu — Bocioacă, slujbașul lui Tudor Vladimirescu
 Dorina Done
 Ion Punea
 Costache Diamandi — boier din Divanul Țării Românești
 Constantin Zărnescu
 Ion Focșa
 Dumitru Dimitrie
 Iancu Caracota
 Ileana Focșa
 Elena Zărnescu
 Ninia Zăinescu
 Valeriu Buciu
 Miron Murea
 Gheorghe Gentea
 Emilia Dumitrescu
 Stelian Stancu
 Ioana Radoslavescu
 Petre Tanasievici
 Zephi Alșec
 Cristina Radu
 Mircea Bogdan — boier oltean
 Constantin Brânzea
 Liana Ceterchi
 Enikö Szilágyi — Stăncălia, slujnica de la han (nemenționată)

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 2.276.048 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 2014 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Galerie

Locuri de filmare

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1981 în film

Filme din 1981
Filme regizate de Dinu Cocea
Filme românești
Filme istorice românești
Filme în limba română
Filme de aventură românești
Filme Casa de Filme 1
Filme Româniafilm

Iancu Jianu zapciul


L'Avare est un film français réalisé par André Calmettes, sorti en 1910.

Synopsis

Fiche technique
 Titre : L'Avare
 Réalisation : André Calmettes
 Scénario : Molière
 Pays d'origine : France
 Format : Noir et blanc - 1,33:1 - Film muet
 Genre : comédie
 Date de sortie : 1910

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Adaptations des œuvres de Molière au cinéma et à la télévision

Liens externes

Film français sorti en 1910
Comédie française
Court métrage français
Film français en noir et blanc
Film muet français
Film réalisé par André Calmettes
Adaptation d'une pièce de théâtre de Molière au cinéma

L'Avare (film, 1910)