The SUM-N-2 Grebe, also known as Kingfisher E and SUM-2, was a rocket- and pulsejet-powered anti-ship and anti-submarine missile developed by the United States Navy in the late 1940s. Intended to allow a ship to deliver a torpedo at a significant distance from the launch location, it proved impractical in trials, and did not enter operational service.

Design and development
Grebe was developed as part of Project Kingfisher, a program administered by the National Bureau of Standards for the development of a family of torpedo-carrying missiles, allowing underwater-striking weapons to be delivered at stand-off distance from their launching platform. The program developed three air-launched weapons, initially designated Kingfisher C, D, and F; the sole surface-launched member of the family to reach the development stage was Kingfisher E, with development work beginning in 1946.

Kingfisher E, redesignated SUM-2 in September 1947 and SUM-N-2 Grebe in 1948, was a bulky yet conventionally-configured missile resembling a small unmanned aircraft, with a high-mounted, straight wing of  span and a twin tail empennage configuration. Constructed by the Goodyear Aircraft Company under subcontract to the Bureau of Standards, the missile was  in length,  in diameter and weighed  at launch. Power was provided initially by a solid-propellant rocket, giving a range of  at Mach 0.5; later in the design process a variant with a pulsejet sustainer engine was designed, weighing  and boosting the missile's range to  at a cruising speed of Mach 0.26.

The original specification for the missile called for the Mark 35 torpedo to serve as the SUM-N-2's payload; later, to reduce weight, the design was changed to use the Mark 41 torpedo. Several forms of guidance were evaluated, although none had been definitively selected by the end of the program; the torpedo utilized acoustic homing for terminal guidance.

Operational history
Given the cover designation of "AA Target Mk 52 Mod 2", testing of the XSUM-N-2 prototype missiles began in early 1950. Twenty airframes were constructed for use in the testing program; by 1953, however, the program had been cancelled; the stated reason for the cancellation was that the missile outranged the sonar equipment that was required to find targets for it, thus making it infeasible to use at its maximum range. Although the concept of a torpedo-carrying pilotless aircraft failed to find favor with the U.S. Navy, the later French Malafon and Australian Ikara missiles are remarkably similar in concept and configuration; the U.S. Navy would later develop the RUR-5 ASROC, a rocket-delivered torpedo (or a pure missile in the nuclear version), for attacking submarines at range.

In 1972, one Grebe was refurbished for evaluation as part of studies into cruise missile development.

Surviving examples
A Grebe, in "Type IV" configuration, is on display at the United States Naval Undersea Museum in Keyport, Washington.

References

Citations

Bibliography

Anti-submarine missiles of the United States
Aerial torpedoes
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company

SUM-N-2 Grebe


An Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides in uska species han Actinopterygii nga syahan ginhulagway ni Nichols ngan Raven hadton 1928. An Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cairnsichthys, ngan familia nga Melanotaeniidae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nadudultan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cairnsichthys

Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides


Thamnea ustulata is 'n meerjarige, blomdraende struik wat deel is van die Bruniaceae familie. Die spesie is endemies aan die Wes-Kaap en kom van die Sederberg tot by die Waaihoekberge voor.

Bronne
 REDLIST Sanbi
 Plants of the World Online

ustulata
Flora van Suid-Afrika
Endemiese plante van Suid-Afrika

Thamnea ustulata


Kahenera sa mga alasiwsiw ang Pachyceracris. Ang Pachyceracris sakop sa kabanay nga Acrididae.

Ang kladogram matud sa Catalogue of Life mao:

Ang mga gi basihan niini

Insekto
Pachyceracris

Pachyceracris


Kom og dansa er en dansk børnefilm fra 2015 instrueret af Andrias Høgenni.

Handling
En kvinde finder ud af, at hendes mand har været hende utro. Elskerinden viser sig dog at være kørestolsbundet.

Medvirkende
 Mariann Hansen
 Sóley Danielsen

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kortfilm fra Danmark
Filmskolefilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2015

Kom og dansa


Racibórz er ein býur í Póllandi, sum hevur umleið 55.818 íbúgvar (2014).

RTP Unia Raciborz er eitt fótbóltsfelag frá Racibórz fyri kvinnur, tær spæla í Ekstraliga. Tær hava vunnið fimm pólsk meistaraheiti og hava luttakið í UEFA Women's Champions League.

Býir og bygdir í Póllandi

Racibórz


Ruth Vibeke Scharling (født 1938) er en dansk politiker fra Det Konservative Folkeparti, der var borgmester i Thisted Kommune fra 1994 til 1997.

Scharling afløste venstremanden Svend Thorup, der ikke genopstillede, og blev den første kvindelige borgmester i Thisted Kommune. Ved valget kæmpede hun mod en anden kvinde, nemlig Venstres Kirsten Lodberg, om borgmesterposten. Ruth Scharling stod ved konstitueringen efter kommunalvalget i 1993 i spidsen for den såkaldte 13-mandsgruppe, der bestod af Konservative, Socialdemokratiet, Fremskridtspartiet samt den lokale Thyliste, og som havde som mål at sætte Venstre, der traditionelt havde haft magten i Thisted, fra bestillingen, og sikre et systemskifte. Det brogede flertal blev dog sat under pres i løbet af valgperioden, hvor Ruth Scharling som borgmester måtte kæmpe mod en skrantende økonomi samt mytteri i kommunalbestyrelsen. Til gengæld sørgede Ruth Scharling for at gøre borgmesterembedet mere synligt uden for rådhuset, hvor hun stod for en mere åben og ligefrem stil end sin forgænger.

Referencer

Tidligere borgmestre fra Danmark
Borgmestre fra Det Konservative Folkeparti

Ruth Scharling


Kaliwatan sa alasiwsiw ang Perloccia evittata. Una ning gihulagway ni Sjöstedt ni adtong 1930. Ang Perloccia evittata sakop sa kahenera nga Perloccia, ug kabanay nga Acrididae. Walay nalista nga matang nga sama niini.

Ang mga gi basihan niini

Insekto
Insekto sa State of Queensland
Perloccia

Perloccia evittata


Kaliwatan sa insekto ang Anaphothrips swezeyi. Una ning gihulagway ni Dudley Moulton ni adtong 1928. Ang Anaphothrips swezeyi sakop sa kahenera nga Anaphothrips, ug kabanay nga Thripidae.

Kini nga matang hayop na sabwag sa:
 Hawaii

Walay nalista nga matang nga sama niini.

Ang mga gi basihan niini

Insekto
Insekto sa Hawaii
Anaphothrips

Anaphothrips swezeyi


The 2018 FIBA 3x3 World Cup, hosted by the Philippines, was an international 3x3 basketball event that featured separate competitions for men's and women's national teams. The tournament ran between 8 and 12 June 2018 in Bocaue, Bulacan, just north of Manila. It is co-organized by FIBA.

Background

It was announced on 5 December 2017 that the tournament would be held at the Philippine Arena in Bocaue, Bulacan, which is just north of Metro Manila. Since the final would be held on Philippine Independence Day, cultural events were also planned alongside the tournament proper. The Philippine Arena will also be used for the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup.

The tournament was officially launched on 18 January 2018 at the Bonifacio High Street in Taguig. The official logo for the event was also unveiled during the ceremony.

Medalists

Participating teams
The FIBA 3x3 Federation Ranking on 17 January 2018 was used as basis to determine the participating FIBA member associations. The hosts, the Philippines, qualified automatically for both the men's and women's events, while the defending champions, Serbia for men's and Russia for women's, also qualified automatically. The top 20 teams in the men's and women's Federation Rankings qualified with the following conditions: a maximum of 10 teams from a single continent could qualify and at least 30 FIBA member associations must participate. The 40 qualifying teams (20 each for the men's and women's tournaments) had to confirm their participation by 30 November 2017. FIBA confirmed the participation of 37 member associations on 18 January 2018.

Main tournaments

Men

Women

Individual contests

Dunk contest

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 (1)
 (1)
 (2)
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Skills contest

Shoot-out contest

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References

External links

2018
2018–19 in Philippine basketball
FIBA 3x3 World Cup
2018
Sports in Bulacan
3x3 basketball in the Philippines
June 2018 sports events in the Philippines

2018 FIBA 3x3 World Cup


Paramelambrotus whiteheadi là một loài côn trùng trong họ Ascalaphidae thuộc bộ Neuroptera. Loài này được Tjeder miêu tả năm 1992.

Chú thích

Tham khảo

Paramelambrotus

Paramelambrotus whiteheadi


An Iressa neoleuca in uska species han Lepidoptera nga ginhulagway ni Clarke hadton 1971. An Iressa neoleuca in nahilalakip ha genus nga Iressa, ngan familia nga Cosmopterigidae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Iressa

Iressa neoleuca


Desnjak () je naseljeno mjesto u sastavu općine Ljutomer, regija Pomurska, Slovenija.

Historija

Do teritorijalne reorganizacije u Sloveniji nalazio se u sastavu stare općine Ljutomer.

Stanovništvo

Na popisu stanovništva 2011. godine, Desnjak je imao 142 stanovnika.

Reference

Vanjski linkovi

Naselja u Sloveniji
Naselja u Pomurskoj regiji

Desnjak


Drzeworyżak (Oecomys) – rodzaj ssaków z podrodziny bawełniaków (Sigmodontinae) w obrębie rodziny chomikowatych (Cricetidae).

Zasięg występowania
Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące w Ameryce Środkowej i Południowej.

Morfologia
Długość ciała (bez ogona) 71–170 mm, długość ogona 80–184 mm, długość ucha 10–24 mm, długość tylnej stopy 19–31 mm; masa ciała 12–104 g.

Systematyka
Rodzaj (w randze podrodzaju w obrębie Oryzomys) zdefiniował w 1906 roku angielski zoolog Oldfield Thomas na łamach The Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Na gatunek typowy Thomas wyznaczył (oryginalne oznaczenie) drzeworyżaka dwubarwnego (O. bicolor).

Etymologia
Oecomys:  oikos 'dom'; μυς mus, μυος muos 'mysz'.

Podział systematyczny
Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki:
 Oecomys bicolor  – drzeworyżak dwubarwny
 Oecomys flavicans  – drzeworyżak żółty
 Oecomys speciosus  – drzeworyżak okazały
 Oecomys trinitatis  – drzeworyżak długowłosy
 Oecomys roberti  – drzeworyżak amazoński
 Oecomys tapajinus
 Oecomys concolor  – drzeworyżak jednobarwny
 Oecomys auyantepui  – drzeworyżak gujański
 Oecomys rex  – drzeworyżak królewski
 Oecomys matogrossensis
 Oecomys rutilus  – drzeworyżak rudy
 Oecomys paricola  – drzeworyżak brazylijski
 Oecomys superans  – drzeworyżak większy
 Oecomys phaeotis  – drzeworyżak ciemny
 Oecomys mamorae  – drzeworyżak dziuplowy
 Oecomys sydandersoni  – drzeworyżak szarogłowy
 Oecomys franciscorum
 Oecomys catherinae  – drzeworyżak nadrzeczny
 Oecomys cleberi  – drzeworyżak samotny

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Bawełniaki

Drzeworyżak


Szczelina Zawaliskowa nad Kufą – jaskinia w Dolinie Chochołowskiej w Tatrach Zachodnich. Wejście do niej znajduje się w północnych stokach Kominiarskiego Wierchu, ponad Doliną Dudową, w grzbiecie nad Kufą, na wysokości 1685 metrów n.p.m. Długość jaskini wynosi 6 metrów, a jej deniwelacja 3,5 metrów.

Opis jaskini
Jaskinię stanowi idący stromo do góry, szczelinowy korytarzyk zaczynający się w niewielkim trójkątnym otworze wejściowym, a kończący zawaliskiem. W końcu korytarzyka znajduje się niewielki kominek.

Przyroda
W jaskini brak jest nacieków. Ściany są suche, rosną na nich porosty.

Historia odkryć
Jaskinia była prawdopodobnie znana od dawna. Jej pierwszy plan i opis sporządziła I. Luty przy pomocy K. Recielskiego w 2003 roku.

Przypisy

Jaskinie polskich Tatr
Jaskinie Tatr Zachodnich

Szczelina Zawaliskowa nad Kufą


Ervenik Zlatarski je naseljeno mjesto u sastavu grada Zlatara, Krapinsko-zagorska županija, Republika Hrvatska.

Historija

Do teritorijalne reorganizacije u Hrvatskoj nalazio se u sastavu stare općine Zlatar Bistrica. Naselje je nastalo novom teritorijalnom organizacijom u Hrvatskoj. Bivše naselje Ervenik Zlatarski je podijeljeno 2001. godine između grada Zlatara i općine Zlatar Bistrica. Za narodnosni sastav 1991. godine pogledati pod Ervenik Zlatarski.

Stanovništvo

Na popisu stanovništva 2011. godine, Ervenik Zlatarski je imao 35 stanovnika.

Napomena: U 2001. nastalo dijeljenjem naselja Ervenik Zlatarski između grada Zlatara i općine Zlatar Bistrica. Od 1857. do 1991. sadrži podatke za bivše naselje Ervenik Zlatarski.

Popis 1910.

Za sastav stanovništva na popisu 1910. godine, pogledati pod: Ervenik Zlatarski.

Literatura

  Savezni zavod za statistiku i evidenciju FNRJ i SFRJ, popis stanovništva 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981. i 1991. godine.
 Knjiga: "Narodnosni i vjerski sastav stanovništva Hrvatske, 1880-1991: po naseljima, autor: Jakov Gelo, izdavač: Državni zavod za statistiku Republike Hrvatske, 1998., , ;

Reference

Vanjski linkovi

Naselja u Hrvatskoj
Naselja u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji

Ervenik Zlatarski (Zlatar)


O relatório mundial de envelhecimento e saúde (RMES), publicado em 2015 pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, revê o estado da arte e lacunas no conhecimento sobre o envelhecimento das populações  e providencia um novo enquadramento de saúde pública para fomentar o envelhecimento Saudável  em torno do conceito de capacidade funcional.

Existe um resumo oficial do relatório em português que pode ser consultado no site da Organização Mundial da Saúde.

Envelhecimento Saudável
O envelhecimento Saudável  é definido como o processo de desenvolvimento e manutenção da capacidade funcional que permite o bem-estar na idade avançada. 1  Os conceitos-chave relacionados com o construto de envelhecimento Saudável  incluem: capacidade intrínseca, ambientes e capacidade funcional.

 Capacidade Funcional é definida como todas as capacidades que permitem a uma pessoa ser ou algo que valoriza.  É determinada pela combinação da capacidade individual intrínseca, fatores ambientais relevantes, assim como as interações entre o indivíduo e esses fatores;
 Capacidade intrínseca  e a soma de todas as capacidades físicas e mentais que uma pessoa pode utilizar em qualquer momento. Estas incluem herança genética, características pessoais (sexo, grupo étnico etc.) e uma multiplicidade de características de saúde incluído doenças, lesões , bem como as alterações fisiológicas e psicológicas decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento.
 Ambientes incluem todos os fatores físicos e sociais que constituem o mundo em que vivemos, como são exemplo as acessibilidades, pessoas e seus relacionamentos, atitudes e valores, sistemas e políticas de saúde e de apoio social, e os serviços que as implementam.

Ao utilizar este conceitos, a moldura reconhece que grande parte da variabilidade que vemos ao nível da longevidade e capacidade intrínseca na idade mais avançada  pode ser explicada pela interação entre o indivíduo e os ambientes que ele(a) experienciou ao longo da sua vida. O ambiente é considerado um influenciador mais forte na capacidade funcional, pois determina se em qualquer nível de capacidade intrínseca os indivíduos  podem ainda fazer as coisas que são importantes para eles.

O Envelhecimento Saudável  não se centra na ausência de doença, mas sim na capacidade das pessoas realizarem coisas que valorizam mesmo na presença de doença.  Como tal, o Envelhecimento Saudável  e importante para todos, independentemente de quem sejam ou onde vivam.

Principais achados
 Quer a proporção, quer o número absoluto de pessoas maiores nas populações mundiais estão aumentando a um ritmo muito superior que no passado. Entre 2015 e 2050, o número de pessoas com idade acima dos 60 anos quase duplicará de 12% para 22%. Em 2020, existirão mais pessoas com mais de 60 anos de idade do que crianças com menos de 5 anos.
 O envelhecimento das populações será uma grande tendência a nível mundial - incluindo o sul global. Em 2050, 80% das pessoas maiores viverão em países de renda baixa ou média.
 Existe pouca evidência que sugira que esse aumento da esperança média de vida será acompanhado de boa saúde.  Ainda que as taxas de incapacidade severa tenham decrescido nos países de renda mais alta nos últimos 30 anos, não houve qualquer mudança significativa no que concerne a incapacidade moderada ou leve. Isto  sugere que as pessoas mais velhas não usufruem de melhor saúde nos últimos anos de vida comparativamente às gerações anteriores.
 A extensão pela qual indivíduos e sociedades podem beneficiar do envelhecimento populacional dependerá grandemente da saúde das pessoas maiores.

Principais mensagens do relatório
 "Não há mais pessoa tipicamente velha". As populações mais velhas são caracterizadas por uma enorme diversidade.
 "A diversidade na população de adultos maiores (pt: idosos) não é aleatória". Grande parte deriva dos ambientes físicos e sociais em que as pessoas vivem . As pessoas com mais limitações são também aquelas que têm menos recursos para geri-las.
 " A idade avançada não implica dependência".O idadismo e a discriminação etária ignoram as contribuições importantes que as pessoas maiores oferecem a sociedade, incluindo para a economia.
 "O envelhecimento da população aumentará os custos com cuidados de saúde - porém não tanto quanto esperado".
 "70 não é o novo 60 - mas poderia ser". Actualmente as pessoas maiores não usufruem de boa saúde durante mais tempo , mas esforços poderão ser conduzidos para que tal aconteça.
 "Visão prospectiva, não retrospectiva". O envelhecimento da população está a  acontecer ao mesmo tempo que outras grandes mudanças sociais. Isto pode implicar que envelhecer no futuro será bastante diferente das experiências de gerações anteriores.
 "O gasto com populações mais velhas é um investimento, não um custo."

Recomendações
O RMES define áreas prioritárias abrangentes para a tomada de ação que incluem informações mais detalhadas constantes do relatório, organizadas em torno de 4 temas:

1.Alinhar os sistemas de saúde às necessidades das populações maiores que atendem neste momento.  A medida que envelhecem, a pessoas tendem a ter necessidades de saúde mais complexas com uma tendência ao declínio funcional e o aumento da probabilidade de ter uma ou mais doenças crônicas. Os serviços de saúde actuais estão muito vocacionados para curar condições ou sintomas agudos carecendo de coordenação entre os profissionais da saúde, configurações e tempo.

 As abordagens-chave para proporcionar cuidados de saúde adaptados às necessidades de pessoas maiores são:

1) Desenvolver e garantir o acesso a serviços que proporcionam cuidados centrados e integrados para os adultos maiores;

2) Orientar os sistemas em torno de capacidades intrínsecas;

3) Garantir a existência de uma força de trabalho de profissionais de saúde sustentável e adequadamente treinada.

2. Desenvolver sistemas para fornecer cuidados de longo prazo.   Os sistemas de cuidados de longa duração possuem muitos benefícios. Reduzem o uso inadequado de sistemas de cuidados agudos, ajudam as famílias a evitarem gastos exorbitantes com saúde e permitem que as mulheres assumam outros papéis sociais que não apenas de cuidadores. Contribuem assim para a coesão social, ao mesmo tempo que garantem dignidade a pessoas idosas que dependam de cuidados. As abordagens-chave identificadas para o desenvolvimento deste tipo de cuidados são:

1) Estabelecer as bases necessárias para um sistema de cuidados de longo prazo;

2) Construir e manter uma força de trabalho sustentável e adequadamente treinada;

3) Garantir a qualidade dos cuidados de longo prazo.

3. Criar ambientes favoráveis à população de adultos maiores. Um ambiente amigo das pessoas mais velhas e aquele que vai ao encontro das suas necessidades básicas; que permite a sua aprendizagem, desenvolvimento e tomada de decisões; que possibilita a manutenção da sua mobilidade; que fomenta a criação e manutenção de relações; que cria oportunidades para que as pessoas mais velhas continuem a dar o seu contributo.

As abordagens-chave para criá-lo passam por:

1) Combater o idadismo (discriminação etária);

2) Permitir a autonomia;

3) Apoiar o Envelhecimento Saudável em todas as políticas e em todos os níveis de governação.

4. Melhorar a medição, a monitorização (br: monitoramento)  e a compreensão sobre envelhecimento saudável  poderá contribuir para um melhor entendimento dos problemas de saúde experienciados pelas pessoas maiores e a utilidade de intervenções para geri-los.

Três abordagens cruciais para melhorar estes fatores são:

1) Acordo sobre métricas, medidas e abordagens analíticas para o Envelhecimento Saudável;

2) Melhorar a compreensão do status de saúde e necessidades de populações idosas e o quão bem as suas necessidades estão sendo atendidas;

3) Aumentar a compreensão das trajetórias do Envelhecimento Saudável e o que pode ser feito para melhorá-las.

Acompanhamento
Em maio de 2016, a Estratégia Global e Plano de Ação da OMS sobre envelhecimento e saúde foi adotada na 69ª World Health Assembly, sendo estabelecida de acordo com os resultados do RMES.  Esta estratégia fornece um modelo para o desenvolvimento de uma ação concertada, no âmbito do Envelhecimento Saudável , dos estados-membros da OMS, secretariado, e outros parceiros ao longo do período de 15 anos que foi estabelecido para alcançar os objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável.

Os objetivos definidos para o período de 2016 a 2019 incluem implementar a evidência disponível para maximizar a capacidade funcional, preenchendo as lacunas na evidência e estabelecendo parcerias que permitam garantir uma Década de Envelhecimento Saudável  de 2020-2030.

Nota: Este artigo foi redigido primariamente em português europeu. Sempre que possível foram também introduzidos termos técnicos específicos em português do Brasil (br:), ou vice-versa (pt:) para facilitar a leitura de todos os usuários lusófonos.

Gerontologia

Relatório Mundial de Envelhecimento e Saúde


Luka Loczoszwili, gruz. ლუკა ლოჩოშვილი (ur. 29 maja 1998 w Tbilisi, Gruzja) – gruziński piłkarz, grający na pozycji obrońcy.

Kariera piłkarska

Kariera klubowa
Wychowanek Akademii Piłkarskiej Dinama Tbilisi. 18 listopada 2016 rozpoczął karierę piłkarską w tbiliskim klubie. 30 sierpnia 2017 podpisał kontrakt z Dynamem Kijów. 20 marca 2018 wrócił do Dinama Tbilisi, ale na zasadach wypożyczenia. 7 lutego 2019 został wypożyczony do MŠK Žilina. 17 stycznia 2020 za obopólną zgodą kontrakt został rozwiązany. Piłkarz wrócił do Dinama Tbilisi, a 24 sierpnia 2020 przeszedł do austriackiego Wolfsbergera.

Kariera reprezentacyjna
W 2017 debiutował w młodzieżowej reprezentacji Gruzji. Wcześniej występował w juniorskich reprezentacjach Gruzji.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Urodzeni w 1998
Ludzie urodzeni w Tbilisi
Gruzińscy piłkarze
Piłkarze Dynama Kijów
Piłkarze Dinama Tbilisi
Piłkarze MŠK Žilina
Piłkarze Wolfsberger AC

Luka Loczoszwili


Kabanay sa mga alasiwsiw ang Pyrgomorphidae. Ang Pyrgomorphidae sakop sa kapunoang-banay nga Pyrgomorphoidea, kahanay nga Orthoptera, kahutong nga insekto, ka-ulo nga daghagtiil, ug kaginharian nga mananap. Ang kabanay nga Pyrgomorphidae pagsakop 487 kaliwatan, segun Catalogue of Life.

Pyrgomorphidae mao ang ika kabanay nga sa kapunoang-banay nga Pyrgomorphoidea.

Matang nga nahiubos

 Acanthopyrgus
 Acropyrgus
 Afrosphenella
 Algete
 Ambositracris
 Anarchita
 Annandalea
 Apodesmoptera
 Arbuscula
 Atractomorpha
 Aularches
 Brunniella
 Buergersius
 Burmorthacris
 Buyssoniella
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Ang mga gi basihan niini

Insekto
Pyrgomorphidae

Pyrgomorphidae


Purna Chandra Malik ( 5 October 1946, Rayan in Burdwan district (West Bengal)) is a leader of Communist Party of India (Marxist) from West Bengal. He served as member of the Lok Sabha representing Durgapur (Lok Sabha constituency). He was elected to 8th, 9th and 10th Lok Sabha.

References

India MPs 1991–1996
People from Purba Bardhaman district
1946 births
Living people
India MPs 1989–1991
India MPs 1984–1989
Lok Sabha members from West Bengal

Purna Chandra Malik


The Wild Olive er en amerikansk stumfilm fra 1915 af Oscar Apfel.

Medvirkende
 Myrtle Stedman som Miriam Strange.
 Forrest Stanley som Norrie Ford.
 Mary Ruby som Evie Wayne.
 Charles Marriott som Wayne.
 Edmund Lowe som Charles Conquest.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Stumfilm fra USA
Amerikanske film fra 1915
Dramafilm fra USA

The Wild Olive


Cyrtanthus leptosiphon is 'n blomdraende plant en geofiet wat hoort tot die familie Amaryllidaceae en is endemies aan die Wes-Kaap en kom van Swellendam tot by die Buffeljagsrivier voor. Dit het 'n voorkomsgebied van 48 km² en daar is nog tussen sewe en nege subpopulasies oor. Die populasies word op ongeveer 700 plante geskat. Die spesie het reeds 50% van sy habitat verloor weens landbou aktiwiteite en word steeds bedreig deur stedelik ontwikkeling rondom Swellendam en die aanlê van nog landerye langs die Buffeljagsrivier.

Bronne
 REDLIST Sanbi
 Plants of the World Online

Cyrtanthus
Flora van Suid-Afrika
Endemiese plante van Suid-Afrika

Cyrtanthus leptosiphon


Lucrécia Barberini (; 24 de outubro de 1628 – 24 de agosto de 1699) era uma nobre italiana e que, por casamento, veio a ser Duquesa de Módena e Régio.

Era um membro da Família Barberini, sendo a terceira e última mulher do duque Francisco I de Módena.

Biografia
Lucrécia era a mais velha dos cinco filhos nascidos do casamento de Tadeu Barberini, Príncipe de Palestrina e de Ana Colonna, uma filha de Filipe I Colonna, Príncipe de Paliano.

Era irmã de Maffeo Barberini e do Cardeal Carlos Barberini.
Era também sobrinha-neta do Papa Urbano VIII e, entre os seus tios, incluíam-se três Cardeais: Francisco Barberini, Antonio Barberini e Jerónimo Colonna.

O seu primo, Lourenço Onofre Colonna, Príncipe de Paliano, casara com Maria Mancini; sobrinha do Cardeal Mazarino, primeiro-ministro da França.

Duquesa de Módena
A 14 de outubro de 1654 Lucrécia casou com Francisco I de Módena. Deste casamento veio a nascer apenas um filho, o futuro duque Reinaldo d'Este.

O casamento foi celebrado em Loreto na Basilica della Santa Casa. Este casamento teve um forte significado político uma vez que celebrava as tréguas entre a Casa d'Este e os Barberini que tinham tomado lados opostos durante as Guerras de Castro. De facto, quer Francisco I quer o seu pai tinham-se aliado aos Farnésio e lutado contra as tropas de Tadeu Barberini.

Descendência
Do seu casamento com Francisco I de Módena nasceu um filho:
Reinaldo III de Módena (1655-1737), que veio a herdar a coroa de Módena e Régio , tendo casado com Carlota Felicidade de Brunsvique-Luneburgo, com geração.

Bibliografia

Casa de Este
Lucrécia
Duquesas de Módena
Duquesas de Régio
Italianos do século XVII
Mulheres do século XVII

Lucrécia Barberini


Ang Nayak Shēlah ngalan niining mga mosunod:

Apganistan

 Nayk Shēlah, suba nga anhianhi, Helmand,
 Nayak Shēlah (suba nga anhianhi sa Apganistan), Wilāyat-e Ghōr,

Pagklaro paghimo ni bot 2015-12
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Apganistan

Nayak Shēlah


Hồng Thủy là một xã thuộc huyện A Lưới, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế, Việt Nam.

Xã Hồng Thủy có diện tích 113,1 km², dân số năm 1999 là 2.051 người và mật độ dân số đạt 18 người/km².

Hành chính
Tính đến cuối năm 2019 (theo Nghị quyết 31/NQ-CP của Chính phủ), xã Hồng Thủy có 5 thôn:
Tru Pỉ
Kê 1
Kê 2
La Ngà
Pâr Ay

 2 thôn Pire 1 (thôn 6), Pire 2 (thôn 7) chuyển giao cho xã A Bung, huyện Đakrông, tỉnh Quảng Trị.

Chú thích

Tham khảo

Xã, phường, thị trấn biên giới Việt Nam - Lào

Hồng Thủy, A Lưới


Lake Clarendon State School is a heritage-listed state school at 35 Lake Clarendon Road, Lake Clarendon, Lockyer Valley Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1901 to 1902 by Patrick Fagan. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 12 June 2015.

History
Lake Clarendon State School, located about  northeast of Gatton, opened in 1902. The timber school residence and teaching building were erected in 1901-2 (the latter was extended in the late 1970s), and a playshed was added in 1906. An open-air school building () was also moved to Lake Clarendon from Glen Cairn State School . The place is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education and its associated architecture in Queensland, and retains excellent examples of standard government designed school buildings that were an architectural response to prevailing government educational philosophies.

Traditionally the land of the Jagera people, the Lake Clarendon area was once part of Lake Clarendon Station - previously part of the Grantham pastoral run, which was reduced by government resumptions in the late 1860s and 1870s. Although the Lake Clarendon area was opened to selection around 1870, William and Walter Vanneck, who had taken up Grantham Station, took an interest in Lake Clarendon after the resumptions, and brought out the initial Lake Clarendon selectors to form a grazing property. The  Lake Clarendon Estate was repurchased from Walter Vanneck for £2 an acre by the government in 1899, and farm blocks were sold from November that year. The better agricultural land sold for £5 an acre, and the rich flats, after some initial hardships caused by the Federation drought, were soon growing lucerne, maize, onions, potatoes and pumpkins.

A state school was a natural result of successful closer settlement. In 1899 a school reserve of ,  was surveyed just south of the lake reserve. The provision of state-administered education was important to the colonial governments of Australia, and the establishment of schools was considered an essential step in the development of early communities and integral to their success. Locals often donated land and labour for a school's construction and the school community contributed to maintenance and development. Schools became a community focus, a symbol of progress, and a source of pride, with enduring connections formed with past pupils, parents, and teachers.

At Lake Clarendon, a Building Committee was elected at a public meeting at the school reserve in August 1900, and soon applied for a state school. Local fundraising, which included dances, raised almost £90, out of the £120 required, by November 1900. The Minister for Education approved a state school at Lake Clarendon in January 1901, the land was granted to the Secretary of Public Instruction in June 1901, and tenders for the new school's buildings (school room and residence) and fencing were sought by August 1901.

To help ensure consistency and economy, the Queensland Government developed standard plans for its school buildings. From the 1860s until the 1960s, Queensland school buildings were predominantly timber-framed, an easy and cost-effective approach that also enabled the government to provide facilities in remote areas. Standard designs were continually refined in response to changing needs and educational philosophy and Queensland school buildings were particularly innovative in climate control, lighting, and ventilation. Standardisation produced distinctly similar schools across Queensland, with complexes of typical components.

In 1893 the Department of Public Works took over the design of schools from the Department of Public Instruction. Plans were at first based on earlier designs by architect Robert Ferguson - simple, lowset timber schools, with improved ventilation features, gabled roofs and front and back verandahs. The Works Department experimented with different combinations of roof ventilators, ceiling and wall vents, larger windows, dormer windows and ducting. Lake Clarendon's teaching building was one of the earlier designs of this period (Type C/T1, built from 1897-1909). It was built as a pair with the residence, and had exposed internal stud framing, verandahs front and back, high window sills, and an enclosed hat and lavatory annexe off the rear verandah. Ventilation features included the distinctive fleche on the roof - a feature shared with the residence - and louvres at the apex of the gables. The school room's dimensions were ; verandahs were  wide, and the hat and lavatory annexe was ). The residence (Type C/R3) had three bedrooms and a living room to either side of a central hallway, with front and rear verandahs, and the semi-detached rear kitchen wing included a bathroom and storeroom.

Most Queensland state schools incorporated a teacher's residence on the site, particularly in rural areas. In Australia, only Queensland offered free accommodation to teachers, the government policy applying to male teachers (only) from as early as 1864. This was partial recompense for a low wage, an incentive for teacher recruitment in rural areas and provided onsite caretakers. Refinement of the standard residence design occurred over time, with each modification responding to teacher complaints and Teachers' Union agitation. The more spacious residence used at Lake Clarendon, with a wide dining verandah between the house and kitchen wing, was a response to complaints about earlier designs having narrow verandahs.

Residences designed by the Department of Public Works' architects, and constructed to the high standard demanded by the state, were typically of a higher-quality in design, materials and construction than most similarly-scaled private residences. The detached teacher's residence was located within the school grounds at a distance from the teaching buildings, usually with a separate, fenced yard with gardens and trees. The designs ranged from one to four bedrooms and evolved simultaneously with the teaching buildings to keep up with modern needs and styles.

Contractor Patrick Fagan had finished the school buildings, at a cost of £783 16s, by 1 June 1902. The school opened in early June 1902, with an enrolment of 31 boys and 24 girls, and the Queensland Times, Ipswich Herald and General Advertiser soon reported that the teaching building and residence were splendid buildings, and "beyond a doubt for architectural style and finish they rank foremost in the Lockyer district". The teaching building was utilised for a welcoming social and dance for the new head teacher, William James Walton, and his wife. The area's first telephone was located at the school residence, which served as a post and receiving office from 1903, and a post office from 1906. The area's first public telephone for the district was installed on the verandah of the teaching building in 1911.

The School Committee (which replaced the Building Committee in 1904) was soon raising money for additions to the school. Arbor Day 1905 included an evening social to raise funds for a "weather shed" (playshed). The locals initially expected to only have to raise one-fifth of the cost of the playshed, but they were upset when told the government expected half the money to be raised locally.

The Queensland education system recognised the importance of play in the school curriculum and, as school sites were typically cleared of all vegetation, the provision of all-weather outdoor space was needed. Playsheds were designed as free-standing shelters, with fixed timber seating between posts and earth or decomposed granite floors that provided covered play space and doubled as teaching space when required. These structures were timber-framed and generally open sided, although some were partially enclosed with timber boards or corrugated galvanised iron sheets. The hipped (or less frequently, gabled) roofs were clad with timber shingles or corrugated iron. Playsheds were a typical addition to state schools across Queensland between s and the 1950s, although were less frequently constructed after , with the introduction of highset school buildings with understorey play areas. Lake Clarendon State School finally obtained a ten-post  playshed in 1906, following the acceptance of John Doyle's tender for  that April. It was enclosed on the west and south sides in 1911, and was moved to its present position in 1951, from its original position  behind the school.

An Arbor Day planting of trees in front of the Lake Clarendon teaching building is shown in a 1909 photograph, and the mature tree in front of the teaching building appears to be the last survivor of four trees, planted between the teaching building and the road and forming an avenue, visible on aerial photography from 1933.

From 1893 the Department of Public Works greatly improved the lighting of classroom interiors. Achieving an ideal or even adequate level of natural light in classrooms, without glare, was of critical importance to educators and consequently it became central to the design and layout of all school buildings. From around 1909 windows were rearranged and enlarged to provide a greater amount of gentle, southern light into the room and desks were rearranged so that the light would fall onto students' left hand sides to avoid throwing shadows onto the pages; this presupposed that all students were right-handed. This often meant a complete transformation of the fenestration of existing buildings. Windows were larger and sills were lowered to let in more light generally. Smaller classrooms were preferred as they were easier to light correctly. Interiors became lighter and airier and met with immediate approval from educationalists. At Lake Clarendon, casement windows were added just below the existing gable windows of the school room .

The residence was also modified to meet changing requirements. In 1936 a sleep-out and extra room were added to the northwest side. French doors replaced the original bedroom windows on that side, and new doorways were added from the front and rear verandahs into the addition. A small toilet enclosure was later added to this space. The laundry on the southeast side of the residence existed by 1951, and the garage on the southeast side of the residence existed by 1974.

Other alterations occurred at Lake Clarendon State School. In  the hats and lavatory annexe at the rear of the original teaching building was converted into a small library. A tennis court, originally located just northeast of the school residence, was moved to its current site northwest of the teaching building . During the late 1960s the teaching building was refurbished to improve light and ventilation, and the pupils were taught in the playshed for 5 months. In 1970 an old school building (Block B) was moved from Atkinson's Lagoon State School (operated 1885-1968), for grades 4-7. This building is not of cultural heritage significance.

In the mid-1970s the school's Parents and Citizens' (P&C) Association bought a former open-air school building (Block C) from Glen Cairn State School (operated 1926-72). This now rare building (Type C/T7, 1914–20) was originally built for Ropeley East State School (operated 1915-55) before it was moved to Glen Cairn. Constructed by Alec MacDonald , it measured , and initially had canvas blinds instead of wall cladding along two sides, and part of the third side; while the remainder of the walls were clad with  vertical tongue and groove boards.

Open-air school buildings had been introduced as a standard design in 1913. This design was developed in response to contemporary medical thought related to the need for adequate ventilation and high levels of natural light for health, coupled with the need to build cheap, portable schools. The open-air type achieved maximum ventilation and natural light; it contained only one large room. Some had only one wall, the western verandah wall. The other sides were open with only adjustable canvas blinds for enclosure. Open-air school buildings proved to be inadequate and were discontinued in 1923, although many had been constructed across Queensland in 10 years. The open sides provided limited weather protection and climate control, and the canvas blinds deteriorated quickly. All open-air school buildings in Queensland were modified to provide better enclosure. At some point the canvas blinds on the open-air building at Lake Clarendon were replaced with timber cladding and sliding windows.

In the late 1970s a pre-school was added at Lake Clarendon. The original teaching building was extended to the southeast for a new classroom, and then a kitchen and staff room, in 1977-8. Since 1991, new structures have been added to the school; in front of the older school teaching buildings (shaded play areas), as well as to the rear (southwest) and to the west. In 2012 part of the school grounds became a car park, and the remaining grounds cover .

Since establishment the school has been a key social focus for the local community, with the grounds and buildings having been the location of many social events over time. The first Arbor Day at the school occurred in 1904, and the event attracted the largest gathering yet seen in the district: 500-600 people, with ample food and a brass band supplied. Large community events occurred for the school's Golden Jubilee in 1952, and its 75th Jubilee in 1977. The school was also used by the public for various events until a CWA Hall became available nearby.

In 2015, Lake Clarendon State School retains its original teaching building, residence, and playshed, and the rare open-air school building. The school is important to the town and district, having operated since 1902, and generations of Lake Clarendon students have been taught there.

Description
Lake Clarendon State School occupies a flat,  site on the corner of the main thoroughfares of Lake Clarendon Road and Lake Clarendon Way in the town of Lake Clarendon, approximately  northeast of Gatton. The school comprises a number of lowset, timber-framed buildings with corrugated metal-clad roofs, which are set well back from the road and are positioned at the northern end of the school site. At the northern edge of these buildings and addressing Lake Clarendon Road, are the weatherboard-clad, concrete-stumped Department of Public Works (DPW) teaching building (1901–1902, extended 1977–1978) and DPW school residence (1901–1902, extended 1936). Constructed as a matching pair with similar architectural features, the northern elevations of these two buildings are aligned. Two out-buildings, a garage and laundry, are located to the east of the residence. An open-air school building (1914, moved onto the site c.1974) and playshed (1906) are located southwest of the DPW teaching building. The school is conspicuous in its rural setting, with well-established grounds that contain several mature trees.

Department of Public Works School Residence (1901–1902, extended 1936)
The DPW school residence is highly intact. The building has a hipped-roof core (1901–1902) with a verandah at the front (north) and a dining room at the rear (south, former verandah), a gable-roof kitchen wing (1901–1902), and a western enclosed sleep-out (1936). An original, metal roof fleche is featured on the roof of the core. Packed weatherboards are in the gable ends of the kitchen wing and end walls of the stove-alcove for ventilation. Corrugated metal-clad, timber-framed hoods shelter windows on the eastern side.

The building retains most of its early timber joinery. Windows include two-light sashes in the core, and six-light casements in the sleep-out. Early doors within the core include low-waisted doors (internal) and half-glazed French doors (front verandah wall and to the sleep-out space); and most doors have early hardware and centre-pivoting fanlights. Other doors within the sleep-out space are high-waisted doors with early hardware. Original braced-and-ledged doors of wide beaded boards access the kitchen wing and storeroom.

The front verandah features stop-chamfered timber posts and a three-rail balustrade, clad externally with modern flat sheeting. Its verandah wall is single-skin with chamferboard cladding and externally-exposed stud framing and cross-bracing.

Internally, all ceilings are clad in vertically jointed (VJ), tongue-and-groove (T&G) boards. Skirtings and cornices are narrow timber with simple profiles. The core is centred on a hallway that runs north-south; with a bedroom and living room to the east and two bedrooms to the west. Its exterior walls are internally lined with wide, horizontal beaded-boards; and the interior partitions are single-skin with post and belt rails supporting vertical beaded-boards. Square ceiling vents within the core are sheeted over. The southern dining room's walls are lined with VJ boards and modern flat sheeting, and the space retains a stop-chamfered timber post from the original verandah fabric. Lightweight modern partitions form a small store room at the western end of the space (not of cultural heritage significance). The kitchen wing, on the southern side of the dining room, contains a generous stove alcove in the kitchen (now a pantry), a bathroom and a storeroom. It is internally lined in VJ boards, with wide beaded-boards in the store room. The sleep-out is lined with VJ boards; the eastern wall retains formerly exterior, weatherboard cladding. The sleep-out is a long space, with a small room and modern toilet enclosure at the south end.

Residence Out-Houses – Garage (pre-1974) and Laundry (pre-1951)
The garage and laundry are both single-skin, north-facing structures with skillion roofs and internally-exposed stud framing and cross-bracing. The larger and northernmost building, the garage, is clad in VJ boards and has a concrete slab floor. The laundry is clad in weatherboards and has a timber floor. Both buildings have unlined eaves and louvred windows in timber frames.

Department of Public Works Teaching Building (1901–1902, extended 1977–1978)
The DPW teaching building is accessed via timber stairs to the front (north) verandah. It also has a rear verandah (now enclosed), to which an annexe is attached. The roof is gabled and has an original metal ventilation fleche in the centre, matching that of the residence. The roof overhang over the western end wall has spaced eaves to ventilate the roof space, and a triangular ventilation panel is in the gable apex. The western gable end wall has a large bank of high-level, stop-chamfered timber window frames (containing modern louvres), protected by a timber hood with decorative brackets and battened cheeks. The modern, eastern extension (1977–1978) is not significant.

Both verandahs have raked ceilings with the front verandah retaining its original beaded board lining. The front verandah has a single-skin verandah wall with exposed studwork and cross-bracing, stop-chamfered timber posts and a small surviving section of its early three-rail balustrade. The rear verandah is enclosed with modern flat-sheeting. Doorways and windows in the verandah walls are modern replacements, but occupy their original, symmetrical positions; with the exception of a large, modern opening in the rear wall. The entry door retains its 2-light fanlight.

The interior consists of a large, single classroom with a coved ceiling and stop-chamfered timber tie-beam. Skirtings, cornices and architraves are all narrow with simple profiles. The ceiling and walls are lined in modern flat sheeting, and the timber floors are lined with modern carpet and linoleum. The annexe has been converted into a teacher's room and has a coved ceiling lined with beaded boards. A small section of beaded board cladding is retained in the northern wall, while the remaining walls are clad in modern flat sheeting. A bank of early, vertically centre-pivoting windows (now fixed) in stop-chamfered timber frames remain in the southern wall.

Open-air School Building (1914, moved onto the site c. 1974)
The open-air school building is a small, single-room, hipped-roofed structure on low timber stumps. It has single-skin walls with internally-exposed studs and cross-bracing, and VJ, T&G timber cladding - the boards are narrower on the eastern half of the building. Sliding windows with timber sashes have replaced blinds on the east, south and north sides. Access to the interior is via stairs on the north and south elevations, through braced and ledged, VJ timber doors. The hipped ceiling is lined with VJ, T&G timber boards, and a large timber tie beam is exposed within the space. Modern linoleum covers the timber floorboards.

Playshed (1906)
The playshed is a large 10-post timber structure with a hipped roof clad in corrugated metal sheeting. The posts are braced to the exposed roof framing by brackets. It is partially enclosed with vertically mounted, corrugated metal sheets, and has a modern, concrete slab floor.

Landscape Elements
The school grounds are established and include mature trees and plantings. Of particular importance is a large shade tree (pre-1933) in front of the DPW teaching building – the last surviving evidence of early plantings that emphasised the axial arrangement of the school entrance. The front gate and concrete pathway leading to the staircase of the DPW teaching building indicate the original north-south entry axis.

The DPW residence and DPW teaching building are linked visually by their similar scale, orientation and architectural features; in particular their metal roof fleches, north-facing orientation, construction materials, and alignment of their front verandahs.

The school is prominent in its rural setting and views of the surrounding pastoral areas are obtained from within the school grounds.

Other Structures
Other structures within the cultural heritage boundary, including modern teaching buildings, shade structures, sheds and tennis courts are not of cultural heritage significance.

Heritage listing
Lake Clarendon State School was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 12 June 2015 having satisfied the following criteria.

The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history.

Lake Clarendon State School (established in 1902) is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education and its associated architecture in Queensland. The place retains a collection of good representative examples of standard government designs that were architectural responses to prevailing government educational philosophies.

These standard designs are: the Department of Public Works-designed teaching building (1901–1902), which demonstrates the evolution of timber school buildings to provide adequate lighting and ventilation; and the highly intact residence (1901–1902), which provides evidence of Departmental policy to provide accommodation for married male head teachers as an inducement to teach in country areas and to provide a resident caretaker on the site. The playshed (1906) demonstrates the education system's recognition of the importance of play in the curriculum; and the open-air school building (1914, relocated to Lake Clarendon ) demonstrates medical and educational theories of the period, which valued fresh air. All these buildings are set within school grounds containing mature shade trees, including one early tree in front of the teaching building.

The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage.

Surviving small, lowset, open-air school buildings are rare, as are intact Department of Public Works-designed large teacher's residences.

The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.

Lake Clarendon State School is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of Queensland state schools with their later modifications. These include: timber-framed buildings constructed to standard designs by the Queensland Government; and generous, landscaped sites with mature shade trees, play areas and sporting facilities. The school is a good example of a modest, regional school complex.

The Department of Public Works-designed school residence is an excellent, intact example of the residence type of its period - retaining its lowset, hipped roof, weatherboard-clad form with early joinery; and comprising three bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen with stove alcove, a front verandah and rear dining room, and natural ventilation features, including its ventilation fleche. The 1936 sleep-out addition is a good example of alterations that were commonly made to school residences to meet changing spatial requirements.

The Department of Public Works-designed teaching building is a good example of a regional timber school and is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of its type. It retains its gable roof with ventilation fleche; some early timber joinery; single large classroom with generous verandahs (rear verandah now enclosed); rear annexe; coved ceiling; and single skin verandah walls (only retained at the front).

The open-air school building is a good example of its type, retaining its lowset design, with single-room classroom and hipped roof. The enclosures of the former canvas screen sections demonstrate typical modifications that were made to the type with changing educational philosophies.

The playshed is a good example of its type and retains its hipped timber-framed roof, supported on 10 braced timber posts.

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

Schools have always played an important part in Queensland communities. They typically retain significant and enduring connections with former pupils, parents, and teachers; provide a venue for social interaction and volunteer work; and are a source of pride, symbolising local progress and aspirations.

Lake Clarendon State School has a strong and ongoing association with the Lake Clarendon community. It was established in 1902 through the fundraising efforts of the local community and generations of Lake Clarendon children have been taught there.

See also
 List of schools in West Moreton
 History of state education in Queensland

References

Attribution

Further reading

External links

Queensland Heritage Register
Lockyer Valley Region
Public schools in Queensland
Articles incorporating text from the Queensland Heritage Register

Lake Clarendon State School


Offshorekonstruktion er opsætning af strukturer og faciliteter i et marinmiljø. Denne type konstruktioner anvendes normalt til produktion og overførsel af elektricitet (offshore-vindenergi), olie (boreplatforme til offshore-boring), gas og andre ressourcer.

Offshorekonstruktion


The 2017–18 Eastern Sports Club (basketball) season is the 2nd season of the franchise in the ASEAN Basketball League (ABL).

Roster

Standing

Elimination

Game log

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| Tanduay Alab Pilipinas
| W 92-89
| Christian Standhardinger (26)
| Christian Standhardinger (14)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (9)
| Mall of Asia Arena
| 1–0

|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2
| December 3
| CLS Knights Indonesia
| W 87-78
| Tyler Lamb (25)
| Ryan O'Neil Moss (16)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (6)
| GOR CLS Kertajaya
| 2–0
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 3
| December 8
| Mono Vampire
| W 112-105
| Christian Standhardinger (40)
| Christian Standhardinger (17)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (9)
| Stadium 29
| 3–0
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 4
| December 10
| Singapore Slingers
| W 81-77
| Tyler Lamb (30)
| Standhardinger, Moss (10)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (9)
| OCBC Arena Singapore
| 4–0
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 5
| December 13
| Tanduay Alab Pilipinas
| W 99-96
| Tyler Lamb (32)
| Christian Standhardinger (12)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (7)
| Southorn Stadium
| 5–0
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 6
| December 17
| Formosa Dreamers
| W 120-97
| Tyler Lamb (22)
| Ryan O'Neal Moss (10)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (13)
| Changhua Stadium
| 6–0
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 7
| December 20
| Singapore Slingers
| W 82-79
| Tyler Lamb (25)
| Christian Standhardinger (13)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (8)
| Southorn Stadium
| 7–0

|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 8
| January 9
| Saigon Heat
| L 115-121
| Christian Standhardinger (37)
| Christian Standhardinger (19)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (10)
| Southorn Stadium
| 7–1
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 9
| January 18
| Formosa Dreamers
| W 99-79
| Standhardinger, Lamb (25)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (11)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (11)
| Southorn Stadium
| 8–1
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 10
| January 24
| CLS Knights Indonesia
| W 104-81
| Elliott, Lamb (23)
| Tyler Lamb (12)
| Elliott, Lamb (10)
| Southorn Stadium
| 9–1

|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 11
| February 4
| Saigon Heat
| L 115-118
| Christian Standhardinger (31)
| Christian Standhardinger (18)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (4)
| CIS Arena Saigon
| 9–2
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 12
| February 8
| Westports Malaysia Dragons
| W 104-92
| Tyler Lamb (28)
| Standhardinger, Elliott (11)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (15)
| Southorn Stadium
| 10–2
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 13
| February 13
| Chong Son Kung Fu
| W 88-76
| Christian Standhardinger (23)
| Ryan O'Neal Moss (15)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (8)
| Southorn Stadium
| 11–2
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 14
| February 24
| Formosa Dreamers
| W 93-91
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (31)
| Christian Standhardinger (10)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (7)
| Changhua Stadium
| 12–2

|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 15
| March 9
| Chong Son Kung Fu
| L 85-94
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (24)
| Christian Standhardinger (10)
| Tyler Lamb (5)
| Nanhai Gymnasium
| 12–3
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 16
| March 13
| Chong Son Kung Fu
| L 76-87
| Christian Standhardinger (24)
| Christian Standhardinger (12)
| Marcus Ryan Elliott (6)
| Nanhai Gymnasium
| 12–4
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 17
| March 15
| Mono Vampire
| L 111–119
| Tyler Lamb (32)
| Samuel Maltese Deguara (15)
| Jason Brickman (13)
| Southorn Stadium
| 12–5
|- style="background:#bfb;"
| 18
| March 22
| Formosa Dreamers
| W 99–93
| Christian Standhardinger (33)
| Christian Standhardinger (15)
| Marcus Elliott (10)
| Southorn Stadium
| 13–5
|- style="background:#bfb;"
| 19
| March 25
| Westports Malaysia Dragons
| W 110–96
| Lamb, Elliott (25)
| Christian Standhardinger (10)
| Marcus Elliott (10)
| MABA Stadium
| 14–5
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 20
| March 28
| Chong Son Kung Fu
| L 77–88
| Tyler Lamb (30)
| Christian Standhardinger (14)
| Marcus Elliott (5)
| Southorn Stadium
| 14–6

Playoffs

Game log

|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 1
| April 11
| Tanduay Alab Pilipinas
| L 94–98
| Tyler Lamb (32)
| Christian Standhardinger (15)
| Marcus Elliott (10)
| Southorn Stadium
| 0–1
|- style="background:#fcc;"
| 2
| April 15
| Tanduay Alab Pilipinas
| L 72–79
| Tyler Lamb (25)
| Ryan O'Neil Moss (16)
| Elliott, Lee (3)
| Sta. Rosa Arena
| 0–2

Transactions

Recruited imports

References

Eastern Sports Club (basketball) seasons
Hong Kong Eastern Long Lions Season, 2017-18


Yngve Wahlander (born 15 September 1958) is a Swedish athlete. He competed in the men's shot put at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

References

1958 births
Living people
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Swedish male shot putters
Olympic athletes for Sweden
Place of birth missing (living people)

Yngve Wahlander


Kaliwatan sa kaka sa dagat ang Pycnogonum kussakini. Una ning gihulagway ni Turpaeva ni adtong 2000. Ang Pycnogonum kussakini sakop sa kahenera nga Pycnogonum, ug kabanay nga Pycnogonidae. Walay nalista nga matang nga sama niini.

Ang mga gi basihan niini

Kaka sa dagat
Pycnogonum

Pycnogonum kussakini


Rognkelsi (frøðiheiti: Cyclopteridae) er ógvuliga klumput í útsjónd og líkist ikki øðrum fiski ið liva kring Føroyar. Í staðin fyri búkfjaðrar hevur rognkelsi eina soguskál undir búkinum. Í gýtingini í mars verður kallfiskurin næstan svartur um bakið og reyðbrúnur um búkin. Rognkelsi kemur inn á grunt vatn at gýta. Eins og hjá smáfiskinum í taranum, ansar kallfiskurin rognkorninum. Kvennfiskurin gýtir fleiri túsund egg í eina stóra rúgvu, sum kallfiskurin síðan verjir. Eggjarúgvan kann liggja so ovarlaga í sjónum, at hon flýtur upp í vatnskorpuna. Kortini heldur kallfiskurin vakt og endar tí mangan við at verða etin av fugli.

Rognkelsi verður innan alivinnuna í Føroyum nýttur til tess at minka um tali av lúsum á aldum laksi. Rognkelsi dámar væl lús og riggar tí væl at seta í aliringar saman við laksunum. Tað hevur víst seg, at ikki øll rognkelsi eta nógvar lýs, og tí verða royndir gjørdar við at ala fram rognkelsi ið eta nógvar laksalýs.

Keldur

Fiskar undir Føroyum
Fiskar

Rognkelsi


Il dilatometro, o dilatometro lineare, è uno strumento che consente di verificare l'aumento di lunghezza di una barra di qualsiasi materiale. Questo strumento è provvisto di aghi che indica il progressivo aumento di lunghezza della barra.

In linea schematica è costituito da: una barretta metallica, fissata a un estremo da un morsetto; un tubo in cui scorre il vapore caldo che riscalda la barretta sovrapposta. Quest'ultima dilatandosi in seguito all'aumento della temperatura, spinge una lancetta lungo un'ampia scala graduata verticalmente.
Opportunamente graduato lo strumento è in grado di misurare gli allungamenti delle barrette di metalli diversi, permettendo quindi di calcolare la dilatazione lineare dei solidi e di conseguenza, tramite apposite formule, il loro coefficiente di dilatazione termica lineare.

Applicazioni
Le applicazioni di questi strumenti scientifici coprono varie tipologie di materiali: leghe metalliche, ceramica, composti refrattari sinterizzati, vetro, polimeri, materiali compositi.
Nel caso della ceramica o dei refrattari può misurare anche la temperatura di sinterizzazione rilevando l'andamento delle variazioni dimensionali.

Anche il tradizionale termometro clinico a mercurio utilizzato comunemente anche in ambito casalingo per misurare la temperatura corporea, è basato sul principio di funzionamento del dilatometro.

Note

Voci correlate
 Dilatometro piatto
 Estensimetro
 Coefficiente di dilatazione termica

Strumenti di misura

Dilatometro


Bill Bowman is a retired NASCAR Grand National Series driver from Aberdeen, Maryland. He raced from 1955 to 1957.

Bowman managed to get four "top ten finishes" after racing for 1,673 laps and earning $1,220 ($ when adjusted for inflation). His average start is 24th and his average finish is 15th place.

Dirt tracks were his favorite racing venue as Bowman managed to finish an average of 11th place. Intermediate tracks were his downfall; giving him difficulties as he finished an average of 35th place there. Darlington Raceway gave Bowman the most grief with an average finish of 35th place while he found pleasure in Forsyth County Fairgrounds and Langhorne Speedway giving him average finishes of 8th place.

Mostly associated with the #71 Chevrolet, Bill Bowman was an independent driver for most of his career.

References

External links

NASCAR drivers
Sportspeople from Maryland

Bill Bowman (racing driver)


Kaliwatan sa ito ang Mystus chinensis. Una ning gihulagway ni Franz Steindachner ni adtong 1883. Ang Mystus chinensis sakop sa kahenera nga Mystus, ug kabanay nga Bagridae.

Kini nga matang hayop na sabwag sa:
 Asya
 Pangmasang Republika sa Tsina

Walay nalista nga matang nga sama niini.

Ang mga gi basihan niini

Isdangtunay
Isdangtunay sa Asya
Isdangtunay sa Pangmasang Republika sa Tsina
Mystus

Mystus chinensis


Personaggio tra i più noti della casata degli Hohenzollern, è noto come il Grande Elettore (in tedesco der Große Kurfürst) per le sue conquiste in campo militare e politico. Strenuo calvinista, associò le proprie fortune a quella della crescente classe commerciale brandeburghese, vedendo nel commercio l'opportunità per far crescere il suo stato, gettando le basi per lo sviluppo della futura potenza della Prussia. Con le politiche interne che attuò nel suo stato, diede un nuovo ruolo al Brandeburgo nella politica dell'Europa centro-settentrionale, preparando il terreno per la proclamazione del regno di Prussia che avverrà sotto suo figlio e successore.

Biografia

I primi anni

Federico Guglielmo era figlio di Giorgio Guglielmo (1595–1640), e di sua moglie, Elisabetta Carlotta principessa del Palatinato (1597–1660). Dalla primavera del 1627 sino all'estate del 1634, visse entro le mura sicure della fortezza di Küstrin con il suo tutore, Johann Friedrich von Kalkum e, occasionalmente, trascorreva dei periodi alla residenza di caccia di suo padre da poco costruita a Letzlingen. Gran parte della sua giovinezza la visse da solo poiché i suoi genitori vivevano di fatto separati. Di lui si occupò invece attivamente suo zio Gustavo II Adolfo di Svezia, che provava per lui grande affetto. Studiò fin da piccolo lingue come il francese e lo svedese oltre al nativo tedesco, e venne cresciuto secondo i principi della religione riformata. La sua preparazione fisica venne incoraggiata dalla partecipazione alle cacce organizzate a corte.

L'apprendistato in Olanda
Mentre i territori dello stato di suo padre venivano devastati da truppe imperiali e svedesi nel corso della guerra dei trent'anni, il quattordicenne principe elettorale venne inviato nei Paesi Bassi dal luglio del 1634, in un periodo in cui l'Olanda viveva uno dei suoi periodi di maggior splendore. Qui Federico Guglielmo completò la propria formazione, imparando la lingua locale e formandosi anche all'artigianato.

Federico Guglielmo venne accolto alla corte dello stadtholder Federico Enrico d'Orange, zio di sua madre, che lo pose a risiedere ad Arnhem. A Leida, frequentò i corsi della locale università e per quattro anni acquisì conoscenze notevoli che influiranno decisamente sul suo carattere e sulle sue azioni future come elettore del Brandeburgo. Nel contempo, Federico Guglielmo acquisì un notevole rispetto e una grande conoscenza dell'Olanda e degli olandesi, uno stato che secondo il suo ideale si presentava altamente sviluppato per l'epoca, una potenza che aveva fatto del commercio l'anima della propria stessa sopravvivenza e che egli sfruttò come modello poi anche per il Brandeburgo dove tutto ciò mancava completamente. Ad Amsterdam apprese i segreti della cantieristica navale. Nell'estate del 1638 fu a Berlino contro la sua volontà per volere di suo padre.

Anche negli anni in Olanda, Federico Guglielmo si dimostrò un individuo risoluto e caparbio, profondamente religioso e intellettualmente vivace. Ammirato profondamente dallo statolder Enrico dei Paesi Bassi, il giovane tedesco si innamorò profondamente della figlia di lui, Luisa Enrichetta, con la quale si sposò in seguito.

La difficile ascesa al trono

Alla morte del padre, nel 1640, il ventenne Kronprinz si ritrovò a salire al trono in uno dei periodi storici peggiori per il Brandeburgo: le città, fortemente provate dalle recente guerra, erano in gran parte spopolate, il commercio ristagnava, le industrie erano distrutte, le campagne desolate e incolte, la popolazione decimata dagli eserciti e dalle epidemie. Berlino, la capitale, contava appena poche migliaia di abitanti. A questo si assommava il fatto che il Brandeburgo, Cleve e Mark erano ancora occupati in gran parte da truppe straniere (gli svedesi nel Brandeburgo, gli olandesi a Cleve e gli imperiali nella contea di Mark). Il ducato di Prussia era considerato una proprietà incerta del sovrano locale dal momento che lo stesso Federico Guglielmo dovette prestare giuramento feudale al re Ladislao IV Vasa quando assunse il suo incarico come reggente. Il suo stesso governo era retto dal potentissimo principe Adamo di Schwarzenberg, il quale era desideroso di potere personale a scapito della figura dell'elettore.

Saggiamente, Federico Guglielmo decise come prima cosa di salvare ciò che poteva essere salvato, concludendo un armistizio con la Svezia e restando neutrale nel conflitto sino al 1648 quando, con la Pace di Vestfalia, gli furono assegnati la Pomerania occidentale e alcuni territori intorno al Brandeburgo. A Cleve recuperò il dominio e coltivò relazioni stabili con i vicini olandesi, presso i quali aveva vissuto e coi quali aveva uno splendido rapporto personale. Col supporto di Johann Gregor Memhardt, che venne da lui nominato capomastro elettorale, Federico Guglielmo ripristinò il sistema di fortificazioni che avevano innanzitutto il compito di proteggere i suoi domini.

Riuscì grazie alla sua tenacia a ripopolare le regioni colpite dalla guerra, accogliendo molti Ugonotti fuggiti dalla Francia.

A livello di politica interna, per prima cosa lavorò per distruggere l'influenza negativa e personale del conte Adamo di Schwarzenberg che, come consiglio segreto, aveva effettivamente diretto gli affari di stato dell'elettorato del Brandeburgo in maniera autocratica. Subito dopo essersi insediato, l'elettore lo destituì dalla sua posizione e l'anno successivo ordinò addirittura il suo arresto, confinandolo quindi nella fortezza di Spandau dove morì quattro giorni dopo.

Il suo matrimonio con la figlia dello stadtholder d'Olanda, oltre ad un ricco patrimonio di dote (120.000 Reichstalers in contanti e gioielli per un valore di 60.000 reichstaler), gli portò uno stuolo di artisti, artigiani, costruttori, agricoltori e mercanti olandesi che contribuirono alla modernizzazione del Brandeburgo e promossero nuovi investimenti nella regione. A Berlino ed a Potsdam, in particolare, si stabilirono vere e proprie "colonie olandesi" che si occuparono dell'ampliamento e della riprogettazione delle fortificazioni, oltre che dell'ampliamento del palazzo cittadino e della costruzione di strade e canali.

La diplomazia
Durante la guerra dei trent'anni, Federico Guglielmo si sforzò di mantenere, con un esercito minimo, un delicato equilibrio tra le forze protestanti e cattoliche che combattevano in tutto il Sacro Romano Impero. Da questi impietosi inizi Federico Guglielmo riuscì a ricostruire i suoi territori devastati dalla guerra. In contrasto con le dispute religiose che hanno sconvolto gli affari interni di altri stati europei, il Brandeburgo-Prussia ha beneficiato della politica di tolleranza religiosa adottata da Federico Guglielmo. Con l'aiuto delle sovvenzioni francesi, costruì un esercito per difendere il paese. Nella Seconda Guerra del Nord, fu costretto ad accettare il vassallaggio svedese per il Ducato di Prussia secondo i termini del trattato di Königsberg, ma con il progredire della guerra riuscì a ottenere piena sovranità per il ducato prussiano nei trattati di Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg e Oliva, lasciando l'imperatore del Sacro Romano Impero come suo unico privilegio per le sue proprietà imperiali.

Nel conflitto per l'eredità della Pomerania, Federico Guglielmo dovette accettare due battute d'arresto. Sebbene abbia avuto successo militarmente nella Pomerania svedese, ha dovuto piegarsi alle richieste della Francia e restituire i suoi guadagni in Svezia nel trattato di Saint-Germain-en-Laye.

La nascita del nuovo esercito e la Guerra d'Olanda

Nel 1653, dopo estenuanti trattative durate un anno, Federico Guglielmo ottenne dagli Junker i fondi necessari per la creazione di un piccolo esercito permanente. Venne infatti creato il Generalkriegskommissariat (Commissariato generale della guerra), un organo incaricato di riscuotere in tutto lo stato le tasse di guerra. In cambio la nobiltà, che fino ad allora si occupava della riscossione di tutte le imposte, ottenne una serie di privilegi e di esenzioni fiscali ma, cosa più importante, vedeva rafforzata la propria giurisdizione sui contadini. Federico Guglielmo ottenne la corona del ducato di Prussia a seguito della Seconda Guerra del Nord, nella quale si alleò con la Svezia di Carlo X, sconfiggendo Russia e Danimarca.

Federico Guglielmo fu un comandante militare di vasta fama nella sua epoca, ed il suo esercito permanente sarebbe diventato in seguito il modello per quello prussiano. È noto per la sua vittoria congiunta con le forze svedesi nella Battaglia di Varsavia, che, secondo Hajo Holborn, segnò "l'inizio della storia militare prussiana", ma gli svedesi lo attaccarono per volere del re Luigi XIV e invasero il Brandeburgo dopo che questi aveva inviato 20.000 uomini in Renania per accordi che in precedenza aveva preso proprio con gli amici olandesi che ora erano in guerra col Re Sole.

Dopo aver marciato per 250 chilometri in 15 giorni, colse di sorpresa gli svedesi e riuscì a sconfiggerli sul campo nella battaglia di Fehrbellin, distruggendo il mito dell'invincibilità militare svedese. In seguito distrusse un altro esercito svedese che invase il Ducato di Prussia nel 1678. È noto per il suo uso delle direttive generali e della delega decisionale ai suoi comandanti, che in seguito diverranno la base per la dottrina tedesca di Auftragstaktik, ed è noto per l'utilizzo della mobilità rapida per sconfiggere i suoi nemici.

Il consolidamento dello stato

Poste le basi del suo nuovo stato, Federico Guglielmo si preoccupò della politica interna e di risistemare l'economia del Brandeburgo accogliendo i vari esuli delle nazioni confinanti, promuovendo la costruzione di nuove industrie, di strade, di dighe e di canali, facendo bonificare le paludi per l'agricoltura, rafforzando la burocrazia ed accentuando l'importanza dell'elettore di Berlino, unica figura che accomunava gli eterogenei territori tedeschi a lui sottomessi. Rinforzò inoltre l'esercito con l'introduzione di nuove macchine belliche e raddoppiò gli effettivi in servizio; all'aristocrazia concesse poteri latifondisti, militari ed uffici pubblici.

Nel 1680, allo scopo di ottenere il rimborso di un prestito di 1,8 milioni di talleri dalla Spagna o comunque rivalersi nei confronti della potenza ispanica per pari importo, diede inizio alla guerra ispano-brandeburghese, una guerra di corsa condotta da squadre della Marina brandeburghese, che attaccavano navi e convogli mercantili spagnoli per appropriarsi del carico, che veniva poi venduto. Tuttavia, dopo i primi successi di modesta portata, la sua squadra principale fu sonoramente sconfitta dalla flotta spagnola a Capo San Vincenzo, nel Portogallo meridionale, nel 1681 e Federico, anche a seguito delle proteste delle altre potenze europee, pose fine al conflitto.

Nel 1685 accolse gli esuli ugonotti dalla Francia.

Morì il 9 maggio 1688 nel suo palazzo di Potsdam e la sua salma venne posta nella cripta degli Hohernzollern del Duomo di Berlino. Gli succedette il figlio Federico I di Prussia.

Matrimoni

Primo matrimonio
Sposò, il 7 dicembre 1646 a L'Aia, Luisa Enrichetta d'Orange (1627–1667), figlia di Federico Enrico d'Orange. Ebbero sei figli:

 Guglielmo Enrico (21 maggio 1648-24 ottobre 1649);
 Carlo Emilio (1655–1674);
 Federico (1657–1713);
 Amalia (1656-1664);
 Enrico (19 novembre-26 novembre 1664);
 Luigi (1666–1687), sposò la principessa Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł.

Secondo matrimonio
Sposò, il 13 giugno 1668, Sofia Dorotea di Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1636–1689), figlia di Filippo di Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg e di Sofia Edvige di Sassonia-Lauenburg. Ebbero sette figli:

 Filippo Guglielmo (1669–1711), magravio di Brandeburgo-Schwedt;
 Maria Amalia (1670–1739), sposò in prime nozze Carlo di Meclemburgo-Güstrow, ebbero un figlio, e in seconde nozze Maurizio Guglielmo di Sassonia-Zeitz, ebbero cinque figli;
 Alberto Federico (1672–1731), margravio di Brandeburgo-Schwedt, sposò Maria Dorotea di Curlandia, ebbero sette figli;
 Carlo (1673–1695), margravio di Brandeburgo-Schwedt;
 Elisabetta Sofia (1674–1748), sposò in prime nozze Federico Casimiro Kettler, ebbero due figli, in seconde nozze Cristiano Ernesto, margravio di Brandeburgo-Bayreuth, non ebbero figli e in terze nozze Ernesto Luigi I di Sassonia-Meiningen, non ebbero figli;
 Cristiano Ludovico (1677–1734), margravio di Brandeburgo-Schwedt.

Ascendenza

Onorificenze

Note

Bibliografia
 Carsten, Francis L. "The Great Elector and the foundation of the Hohenzollern despotism." English Historical Review 65.255 (1950): 175–202. Online
 Carsten, Francis L. "The Great Elector" History Today (1960) 10#2 pp. 83–89.
 Clark, Christopher M.  Iron kingdom: the rise and downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947 (Harvard UP, 2006).
 Citino, Robert. The German Way of War. From the Thirty Years War to the Third Reich (UP Kansas, 2005).
 Holborn, Hajo.  A History of Modern Germany: Vol 2: 1648–1840  (1982).
 McKay, Derek. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia (Routledge, 2018), standard scholarly biography
 Mühlbach, L. The reign of the Great Elector (1900) online free
 Richardson, Oliver H. "Religious Toleration under the Great Elector and Its Material Results." English Historical Review 25.97 (1910): 93–110 Online.
 Schevill, Ferdinand. The Great Elector (U of Chicago Press, 1947), outdated biography
 Wilson, Peter H. "The Great Elector. (Shorter Notices)." English Historical Review 117#472 (2002) pp. 714+. online review of McKay.
 Johannes Arndt: Der Große Kurfürst, ein Herrscher des Absolutismus? Über die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen monokratischer Herrschaft im 17. Jahrhundert. In: Ronald G. Asch, Heinz Duchhardt (Hrsg.): Der Absolutismus – ein Mythos? Strukturwandel monarchischer Herrschaft in West- und Mitteleuropa (ca. 1550–1700). Köln u. a. 1996, S. 249–273.
 Peter Bahl: Der Hof der Großen Kurfürsten. Studien zur höheren Amtsträgerschaft Brandenburg-Preußens (= Veröffentlichungen aus den Archiven Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Beiheft 8). Böhlau, Köln 2001, ISBN 3-412-08300-3.
 Barbara Beuys: Der Große Kurfürst. Der Mann, der Preußen schuf. Rowohlt 1979, ISBN 3-499-17820-6.

 Hans-Joachim Giersberg, Claudia Meckel und Gerd Bartoschek. (Redaktion): Der Große Kurfürst. Sammler, Bauherr, Mäzen. Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm 1620–1688. (Katalog zur Ausstellung) Neues Palais in Sanssouci, 10. Juli bis 9. Oktober 1988. Potsdam 1988.
 Bruno Gloger: Friedrich Wilhelm – Kurfürst von Brandenburg. Biographie. Verlag Neues Leben, Berlin 1985.
 Gerd Heinrich (Hrsg.): "Ein sonderbares Licht in Teutschland". Beiträge zur Geschichte des Großen Kurfürsten von Brandenburg (1640–1688) (= Zeitschrift für Historische Forschung. Beihefte 8). Berlin 1990.
 Georg Hiltl: Der Große Kurfürst und seine Zeit. Velhagen & Klasing, Bielefeld/Leipzig 1880 (Digitalisat).
 Hans Huth: Otto Friedrich von der Groebens Abenteuer in Afrika. Zur ersten deutschen Kolonialgründung unter dem Großen Kurfürsten, in: Jahrbuch "Der Bär von Berlin", hrsg. v. Verein für die Geschichte Berlins, 25. Jahrgang, Berlin 1976.
 Ludwig Hüttl: Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg, der Große Kurfürst 1620–1688. Eine politische Biographie. Süddeutscher Verlag, München 1981, ISBN 3-7991-6108-2.
 Martin Lackner: Die Kirchenpolitik des Großen Kurfürsten (= Untersuchungen zur Kirchengeschichte, Band 8). Luther-Verlag, Witten 1973, ISBN 3-7858-0166-1.
 Leopold von Ledebur: Schauplatz der Thaten oder Aufenthalts-Nachweis des Kurfürsten Friedrich Wilhelm des Großen. Berlin 1840 (E-Kopie).
 Jürgen Luh: Der Große Kurfürst: Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg – Sein Leben neu betrachtet. Siedler, München 2020, ISBN 978-3-8275-0096-0.
 Jürgen Luh, Michael Kaiser, Michael Rohrschneider (Hrsg.): Machtmensch Familienmensch. Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg. Aschendorff, Münster 2020, ISBN 978-3-402-13419-1.
 Ernst Opgenoorth: Friedrich Wilhelm, der Große Kurfürst von Brandenburg, Band 1: Eine politische Biographie 1620-1660, Band 2: Eine politische Biographie 1660–1680. Musterschmidt, Göttingen/Zürich 1971/1978, ISBN 3-7881-1668-4.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Casa Hohenzollern
Federico
Duchi di Prussia
Elettori di Brandeburgo
Principi di Brandeburgo
Sepolti nel Duomo di Berlino

Federico Guglielmo I di Brandeburgo


Kaliwatan sa insekto ang Goniocotes reticulatus. Una ning gihulagway ni Kéler ni adtong 1939. Ang Goniocotes reticulatus sakop sa kahenera nga Goniocotes, ug kabanay nga Philopteridae. Walay nalista nga matang nga sama niini.

Ang mga gi basihan niini

Insekto
Goniocotes

Goniocotes reticulatus


Ang Daman ngalan niining mga mosunod:

Apganistan

 Dāmān (distrito), Kandahār,
 Dāmān (patag), Kandahār,

Indya

 Daman (kapital sa estado), Union Territory of Damān and Diu, Daman District,

Nepal

 Daman (conseho sa kaayuhan sa balangay), Madhyamanchal, Nārāyanī Zone,

Pakistan

 Dāmān (rehiyon sa tribu), Federally Administered Tribal Areas,

Republikang Sentral Aprikano

 Dama (suba sa Republikang Sentral Aprikano, Ombella-Mpoko, lat 5,28, long 18,08),

Pagklaro paghimo ni bot 2015-12
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Apganistan
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Indya
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Nepal
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Pakistan
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Republikang Sentral Aprikano

Daman


An Lepidarchus adonis in uska species han Actinopterygii nga ginhulagway ni Roberts hadton 1966. An Lepidarchus adonis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Lepidarchus, ngan familia nga Alestidae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nadudultan. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Lepidarchus

Lepidarchus adonis


サザン・ベル(Southern belle)とは、南北戦争前のアメリカ南部において、上流階級の女性の理想(あるべき姿)とされた女性像およびそれに選ばれた女性のことである。「belle」とはフランス語の女性名詞で「美しい女性」という意味であり(男性名詞:beau)、そのため「Southern belle」は直訳すると「南部の美女」ということである。女性がサザン・ベルとして選考されるためには、伝統的にデビュタントボールまたはコティヨン (:en:Cotillion) を通じて社交界にお披露目される必要があり、それに出場できる資格を持った上流階級や貴族の才色兼備な白人女性が選ばれることが多い。この時期、最も著名な「ベル」はケンタッキー州ルイビルのサリー・ワード (:en:Sallie Ward) であった。ルイビル市内のスピード博物館に展示されているワードのポートレートは、しばしばThe Southern Belleと呼ばれ、サザン・ベルの代表とされている。

解説
サザン・ベルはサザン・ホスピタリティ(南部のおもてなし)の精神による洗練された美しさと恋愛感情を誘いながらも上品な振る舞いの縮図とされた。こうしたステレオタイプは今日でも多くの人に強い憧れを抱かせるものとなり、We're Just Like You, Only Prettier、The Southern Belle Primer、The Southern Belle Handbookなどサザン・ベルに関する多数の著書も残され、代表作である「風と共に去りぬ」ではヒロインは伝統的なサザン・ベルの典型的な肖像画として描かれた。また、現代のポップ・カルチャーにおいても、Ya Ya Sisters、GRITS(Girls Raised In The Southの略)、Sweet Potato Queens、Bulldozers disguised as powder-puffsなど、あらゆる呼ばれ方でサザン・ベル像が残っている。アメリカ南部では物や人の外観(見た目)を特に重要視する風潮が強く、
女性の美意識と自尊心は高い。サザン・ベルの最も印象的で明確な特徴は外観であり、彼女らの髪、肌、化粧、衣類、宝石はすべて全体的な外観にとって重要で、それらのどれか一つが特化することなくバランスの良さが大事であると考えられている。今日においてもサザン・ベルの高貴な精神とファッションやライフスタイルなどを敬愛する女性は多く、アメリカ国内にはそのような女性が集まりサザン・ベルのスタイルを再現するなどの活動を行うコミュニティが多数あり、その文化を継承し続けている。

一方、批判的な見方をする者は、サザン・ベルのステレオタイプとは、古い時代の抑圧された、「コルセットをはめた」(厳しく規制された、という意の隠語)若い女性像の象徴であるとしている。

また、南北戦争前のアメリカは奴隷制度社会であり、特に南部地方ではその依存度が高く、黒人奴隷の労働と苦難の恩恵によってサザン・ベル文化が発祥した。南部の白人による白人のための「おもてなし」は、アフリカ系アメリカ人に対して非人道的であることによって達成された部分が大きく、黒人女性はサザン・ベルから除外された。そのような人種差別的な風潮は奴隷制度が廃止された今でもなお存続しており、サザン・ベルがアメリカ南部の白人女性に関連付けられることが多い。女性の肌は白い肌こそが美しい肌とされ、日焼けした黒い肌は望ましくないと考えられた。そのため、屋外では白い肌を守るために帽子や日傘を用いる習慣が定着している。このような差別的な慣習に対抗し、近年では黒人女性のためのベルが台頭しており、それを「ブラック・サザン・ベル」もしくは「サザン・ブラック・ベル」という。

脚注

参考文献
Seidel, Kathryn Lee. The Southern Belle in the American Novel Gainesville, Florida: University Presses of Florida. 1985年. ISBN 0813008115.
Farnham, Christie. The Education of the Southern Belle. New York City: New York University Press. 1994年. ISBN 0814726151.
Flora, Joseph. The Companion to Southern Literature. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. 2002年. ISBN 0807126926.
Perry, Carolyn. The History of Southern Women's Literature. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. 2002年. ISBN 0807127531.

関連項目

デビュタント
コティヨン (:en:Cotillion)
サザン・ホスピタリティ
風と共に去りぬ
奴隷制
ホワイト・フェミニズム
白人至上主義

キャラクター類型
アメリカ合衆国の文化
アメリカ合衆国の歴史 (1776-1865)
女性の歴史
アメリカ合衆国南部

サザン・ベル


Biografia
Mackenzie è nata nel 1989 a Charleston, nella Carolina del Sud. Nel suo albero genealogico compaiono alcuni indiani Cherokee. Nel 1996, a 7 anni, ha ottenuto la parte di Ruthie Camden nella serie televisiva Settimo cielo. Oltre a questo ruolo ha interpretato anche il film indipendente Gideon, con Christopher Lambert, Charlton Heston e Shelley Winters. È inoltre apparsa in numerosi spot televisivi sin dall'età di quattro anni, ed ha interpretato JonBenét Ramsey in Getting Away with Murder: The JonBenét Ramsey Mystery.

I suoi genitori sono divorziati, Mackenzie vive a Los Angeles con la madre Donna, il patrigno Randy, il fratello Chandler (nato nel 1992) e la sorella acquisita Katelyn Salmont (nata nel 1986). L'attrice si dà molto da fare per la ricerca sulla fibrosi cistica. Sua sorella Katelyn, affetta da fibrosi cistica, ha subito un trapianto senza risultati, morendo il 25 dicembre del 2008. Mackenzie e la sua famiglia sono stati inoltre ben felici di apprendere che Settimo cielo avrebbe dedicato una puntata alla malattia. L'episodio Voglia di vivere (Back in the Saddle Again) fa parte della stagione 7: durante l'episodio appare Katelyn, che interpreta se stessa.

Rosman adora molto gli animali, in particolar modo i cavalli, che cavalca sin da bambina. Ha spesso partecipato a concorsi di salto ostacoli e in Belgio ha preso parte al primo concorso ippico internazionale. Mackenzie e la sua famiglia possiedono un ranch fuori Los Angeles. Ha preso parte a La vita segreta di una teenager americana, interpretando il ruolo di Zoe. Nel 2013 ha ottenuto un ruolo nel film TV Ghost Shark, dove interpreta Ava Reid.

Filmografia

Cinema
 Titanic, regia di James Cameron (1997) - Cameo
 Gideon, regia di Claudia Hoover (1998)
 Fading of the Cries, regia di Steven Maguire (2008)
 Proud American, regia di Fred Ashman (2008)
 The Tomb (Ligeia), regia di Michael Staininger (2009)
 Nightcomer, regia di Alain Silver (2013)
 Beneath, regia di Larry Fessenden (2013)

Televisione
 Settimo cielo (7th Heaven) – serie TV, 236 episodi (1996-2007)
 La vita segreta di una teenager americana (The Secret Life of the American Teenager) – serie TV, 4 episodi (2010-2011)
 Ghost Shark, regia di Griff Furst – film TV (2013)

Collegamenti esterni

Attori bambini statunitensi

Mackenzie Rosman


Kaliwatan sa ito ang Rhamdia schomburgkii. Una ning gihulagway ni Pieter Bleeker ni adtong 1858. Ang Rhamdia schomburgkii sakop sa kahenera nga Rhamdia, ug kabanay nga Heptapteridae.

Kini nga matang hayop na sabwag sa:
 Habagatang Amerika

Walay nalista nga matang nga sama niini.

Ang mga gi basihan niini

Isdangtunay
Isdangtunay sa Habagatang Amerika
Rhamdia

Rhamdia schomburgkii


Il giardino di Hoschedé a Montgeron è un dipinto a olio su tela (172x192 cm) realizzato nel 1877 dal pittore francese Claude Monet. È conservato nel Museo dell'Ermitage di San Pietroburgo.

Probabilmente nella primavera del 1876, il pittore, mentre si stava recando a Parigi, incontrò il mercante Ernest Hoschedé, il quale gli commissionò alcuni quadri.

Collegamenti esterni
 Эрмитаж - Sito Ufficiale del Museo dell'Ermitage

Dipinti nell'Ermitage
Giardino di Hoschedé
Paesaggi lacustri

Il giardino degli Hoschedé a Montgeron


Lampranthus ceriseus is 'n vetplant wat hoort tot die genus Lampranthus. Die spesie is endemies aan die Wes-Kaap en vorm deel van die fynbos en strandveld-plantegroei. Dit kom vanaf die Agulhasvlakte tot by Riversdal voor. Dit het 'n voorkomsgebied van kleiner as 8000 km² en daar is minder as tien subpopulasies wat nog bestaan. Die plant het groot gedeeltes van sy habitat afgestaan aan gewasverbouing, ontwikkeling aan die kus en indringerplante.

Bronne
 SANBI Redlist
 Plants of the World Online

Lampranthus
Flora van Suid-Afrika
Endemiese plante van Suid-Afrika

Lampranthus ceriseus