Omnium Gatherum dvadeseti je studijski i prvi dvostruki album australskog rock-sastava King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard. Objavljen je 22. travnja 2022. Najavljen je 8. ožujka te godine, a mogao se prednaručiti od 22. ožujka. Prvi je studijski uradak skupine od početka pandemije koronavirusa na kojem svi njezini članovi zajedno sviraju uživo. Kao što je bio slučaj s prijašnjim albumima, na uratku se nalaze pjesme različitih žanrova, a među njima su psihodelična glazba, progresivni rock, heavy metal i synthpop, ali i eksperimenti s hip-hopom (kojem se sastav prvi put posvetio na prijašnjem uratku Made in Timeland). Dobio je uglavnom pozitivne kritike, ali su recenzenti bili podijeljenih mišljenja u vezi s njegovim trajanjem i dosljednošću pjesama.

Snimanje
Tijekom rada na albumu Fishing for Fishies skupina je snimala u kući članova grupe Tropical Fuck Storm. Ta su dva sastava zajedno snimila veću improviziranu pjesmu pod imenom "Hat Jam" (ime je dobila po tome što su različiti glazbenici tijekom snimanja nosili šešire); dio procesa prikazan je u dokumentarnom videozapisu How to Gut a Fishie objavljenom 21. travnja 2019. na YouTubeu. Obje su skupine iskoristile dijelove navedene pjesme; King Gizzard uvrstio je njezine dijelove na "The Dripping Tap", prvi singl s Omnium Gatheruma, a Tropical Fuck Storm određene je dijelove objavio na EP-u Satanic Slumber Party koji je objavio s King Gizzardom. U to je vrijeme u ograničenoj nakladi objavljen i Hat Jam, ploča na kojoj se nalaze i "The Dripping Tap" i Satanic Slumber Party.

Dana 30. svibnja 2021. skupina je objavila videozapis koji prikazuje njezin nastup u Sydneyu te godine; osim što su inačice pjesama na tom koncertu istog dana objavljene na koncertnom albumu Live in Sydney '21, u samom se videozapisu pojavila najava za album Butterfly 3000 koju je popratila snimka glazbe od 15 sekundi. Premda se vjerovalo da je riječ o djeliću pjesme s tog uratka, naposljetku se uspostavilo da je riječ o neobjavljenoj pjesmi "Magenta Mountain" s Omnium Gatheruma.

Sastav je 10. kolovoza na Twitteru izjavio da je završio sa snimanjem idućeg albuma, a u objavu je uvrstio emojije dijamanta i pijuka. Pet dana poslije objavio je još dva emojija: kapljicu vode i slavinu koja puni čašu. Te su objave sugerirale da se ti znakovi odnose na nadolazeći album.

Dana 30. listopada članovi skupine odsvirali su tada neobjavljenu pjesmu u Sidney Myer Music Bowlu u sklopu događaja Play On Victoria. Idućeg je dana na Twitteru objavio snimku zaslona na kojoj se nalaze stihovi te pjesme ("Gaia").

U siječnju 2022. grupa je nastavila objavljivati emojije na Twitteru, a objave obožavatelja u kojima se nalaze pogođeni nazivi pjesama označivala je sa "sviđa mi se". Također je pritisnula srce na objavu u kojoj se nalazi pitanje hoće li objaviti dvostruki album.

Mjesec dana poslije izjavila je da će 5. ožujka održati jednokratni trosatni koncert u Melbourneu pod imenom Return of the Curse of Timeland. Na tom je koncertu odsvirala četiri pjesme s Omnium Gatheruma: "Magenta Mountain", "The Garden Goblin", "The Dripping Tap" i "Gaia".

Prvi je studijski uradak skupine od početka pandemije koronavirusa na kojem su svi glazbenici svirali zajedno u studiju; dijelove pjesama na albumima K.G., L.W. i Butterfly 3000 svaki je član snimao odvojen od ostalih glazbenika.

Hip-hop-pjesme na uratku nastale su nakon što je Mackenzie naučio kako semplirati različite gramofonske ploče koje je kupio na Discogsu; na tim je pjesmama repao Ambrose Kenny-Smith. The Guardian je izjavio da su eksperimenti s tim žanrom bili "jedna od rijetkih spornih točaka među članovima sastava".

Glazbeni stil
Na Omnium Gatherumu sastav se okušao u različitim žanrovima, a među njima nalaze se: psihodelična glazba, progresivni rock, heavy metal, synthpop, narodna glazba, džez, ritam i blues te soul. "The Dripping Tap" progresivna je improvizirana pjesma koja spaja krautrock, thrash metal, psihodelični soul, neo soul, acid rock i noise. "Magenta Mountain" i "Kepler-22b" žanrovski pripadaju dream popu, neopsihodeliji i psihodeličnom popu koji stilski podsjeća na pjesme s albuma Butterfly 3000 i odlikuju se "gegajućim ritmovima pod prekrasnim harmonijama"; prva pjesma sadrži elemente elektropopa, a druga elemente acid jazza. "Gaia" i "Predator X" pripadaju žanrovima heavy metala i acid rocka te se nadovezuju na glazbeni stil prisutan na albumu Infest the Rats' Nest (u pjesmi "Predator X" izravno se upućuje na pjesmu "Perihelion" s tog uratka), a u prvoj se navedenoj pjesmi spajaju žanrovi thrash metala, psihodeličnog metala, grind metala, death metala i psihodeličnog proga.

"Ambergris" je skladba koja spaja jazz-funk i lounge-funk, a "Candles" se nadovezuje na chill-out s kraja devedesetih godina 20. stoljeća. "Sadie Sorceress" i "The Grim Reaper" uvode elemente hip-hopa u glazbeni stil skupine, a u potonjoj se pjesmi nalaze i elementi mikrotonske glazbe i psihodelije. Pjesma "The Garden Goblin" svrstava se u twee pop, lo-fi, progresivni pop i psihodelični pop, a skladba "Evilest Man" odlikuje se političnim acid rockom i nadovezuje se na pjesmu "Cyboogie" s albuma Fishing for Fishies. "The Funeral", završna pjesma, nadahnuta je loungeom te sadrži bliskoistočne gitarske melodije i završetak tipičan za žanr ethereal wavea. Pred kraj te pjesme pojavljuje se zvuk otkucaja koji se ponavlja svake sekunde; riječ je o tempu koji je identičan motivu "sata koji otkucava" na prijašnjem albumu Made in Timeland.

Objava
Uradak je najavljen 8. ožujka 2022., a istog je dana sastav objavio osamnaestominutnu pjesmu "The Dripping Tap" kao prvi singl; riječ je o najdužoj pjesmi skupine do danas i prvoj pjesmi od albuma Fishing for Fishies iz 2019. na kojoj se nalazi snimljena izvedba svih šest članova. Stu Mackenzie u najavi je izjavio da će Omnium Gatherum biti najduži studijski album sastava do sada i da je riječ o "prekretnici" jer će "promijeniti način na koji pišemo i snimamo pjesme, barem na neko vrijeme"; dodao je da skupina "ulazi u 'razdoblje improviziranja'".

"Magenta Mountain", drugi singl s albuma, objavljen je 29. ožujka, a uz njega je objavljen i spot koji prikazuje izvedbu te pjesme na koncertu Return of the Curse of Timeland održanom 5. ožujka. "Kepler-22b", treći singl, objavljen je 19. travnja s popratnim glazbenim spotom.

Popis pjesama

Recenzije

Na Metacriticu, sajtu koji prikuplja ocjene recenzenata raznih publikacija i na temelju njih uratku daje prosječnu ocjenu od 0 do 100, uradak je na temelju sedam recenzija osvojio 72 boda od njih 100, što označava "uglavnom pozitivne kritike".

U recenziji za časopis Clash Sam Walker-Smart dao mu je devet bodova od njih deset te ga je nazvao "izvanrednom ulaznom točkom u 'Gizzverse'" i "uratkom bez neupadljivih pjesama koji je možda najbolje djelo koje je King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard objavio". Nathan Whittle u recenziji za Louder Than War nazvao ga je "destilacijom svega onoga u čemu je skupina odlična i, kao što je uobičajeno, oblikovan je prema njezinim standardima". Dodao je da "dokazuje kako sastav uživa u novoj slobodi, skinuti su mu okovi samonametnutih ograničenja prema kojima su albumi nastajali na temelju zasebnih stilova". Dao mu je pet zvjezdica od njih pet. Alfie Verity iz Gigwisea dao mu je sedam zvjezdica od njih deset; pohvalio je činjenicu da članovi sastava i dalje eksperimentiraju na dvadesetom albumu, ali da albumu "nedostaje ključna nit među pjesmama" i da "na određenim dijelovima nestaje sjaj".

Jack Doherty dao mu je pet od deset bodova u recenziji za Loud and Quiet; kritizirao je različitost glazbenih stilova na albumu izjavivši da se uradak "ruši jer ne može iznenaditi i za sobom ostavlja zvuk skupine koja više nema kamo ići". U recenziji za AllMusic Tim Sendra dao mu je dvije i pol zvjezdice od njih pet i zaključio je: "To je prvi doista razočaravajući album koji je sastav objavio i prvi na kojem više zvuči kao da mu ponestaje benzina nego kao da radi punom parom." U recenziji za Consequence Jordan Blum nazvao ga je "širokopojasnim, raznovrsnim i barem malo samozadovoljnim, no upravo je zbog toga izvrstan". Kyle Kersey dao mu je tri zvjezdice od njih pet u recenziji za časopis Under the Radar i napisao je: "Album je kao čitavo djelo malo previše skače naokolo da bi mogao biti dorastao najusredotočenijem radu [sastava], a i njegovo je trajanje masivno. No kao švedski stol čudnih zvukovnih preobraženja prilično je zabavan."

Zasluge

King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizard
 Ambrose Kenny-Smith – vokali ; orgulje ; udaraljke ; Wurlitzer ; usna harmonika ; saksofon ; sintesajzer ; melotron ; gitara ; vibrafon ; snimanje
 Michael Cavanagh – bubnjevi ; udaraljke ; snimanje
 Cook Craig – gitara ; vokali ; sintesajzer ; klavijatura ; bas-gitara ; turntable ; melotron ; udaraljke ; Wurlitzer ; snimanje ; produkcija
 Joey Walker – gitara ; vokali ; udaraljke ; sintesajzer ; bas-gitara ; turntable ; melotron ; baglama ; flauta ; snimanje ; miksanje ; produkcija
 Lucas Harwood – bas-gitara
 Stu Mackenzie – vokali ; gitara ; bas-gitara ; orgulje ; klavir ; udaraljke ; sintesajzer ; klavijatura ; melotron ; clavinet ; turntable ; flauta ; vibrafon ; Wurlitzer ; vocoder ; snimanje ; miksanje ; produkcija

Dodatni glazbenici
 Millicent Smith – vokali
 Amy Findlay – bubnjevi
 Madeline Wright – zvukovi tuluma
Ostalo osoblje
 Jason Galea – ilustracije, omot albuma, fotografija
 Joseph Carra – mastering

Ljestvice

Bilješke

Izvori

Albumi iz 2022.
Albumi King Gizzard & the Lizard Wizarda

Omnium Gatherum


Jævning er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1985, der er instrueret af Franco Invernizzi.

Handling
BZ'ernes egen film om deres huse på Nørrebro, kommunens saneringspolitik og politiets rydninger: I 1982 var en del huse besat i den sorte firkant på Nørrebro. Sagen drejede sig om bolignød, Københavns Kommunes saneringspolitik, en verdensomspændende tilstand af krise og krige osv. I januar 1983 blev alle de besatte huse ryddet ved en stor politiaktion.

Dokumentarfilm om BZ-aktioner ved Allotria og Bazuka og politiets senere rydning af bygningerne.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 1985

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark

Jævning (film)


المتورقة العملاقة  هي أحد أنواع المتورقات التي تصيب الكبد.

مراجع

أمراض حيوانية
حيوانات وصفت في 1855
طفيليات
متورقة
مثقوبات

متورقة عملاقة


ඉතිහාසය

ශ්‍රීමත් ලූඩ්විග් ගට්මන් 1948 වර්ෂයේදී ක්‍රීඩා තරගයක් සංවිධානය කරන ලදී. මෙම තරඟ ස්ටෝක් මැන්ඩවිල් තරඟ ලෙස හඳුන්වනු ලැබූ අතර, ඊට දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධයේදී සුෂුම්නාව ආබාධිත වූ අයත්, වර්ෂ 1952 දී නෙදර්ලන්ත තරඟකරුවනුත් සහභාගී වීම නිසා අන්තර්ජාතික තත්වයට පත්කරන ලදී. පළමු ලෝක ආබාධිත මලල ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල වර්ෂ 1960  රෝමයේදී පැවැත්විණි.එයට ආබාධිත වූ මලල ක්‍රීඩා කරුවන් රැසකගේ සහභාගීත්වය ලැබිණි, එය 9 වන ස්ටෝක් මැන්ඩවිල් තරඟාවලියද වේ. ශීත සෘතුවේදී පවත්වන ආබාධිත මලල ක්‍රීඩා තරඟාවලිය පළමු වරට පවත්වන ලද්දේ ස්විඩනයේ ඕර්න්ස්කොල්ඩ්ස්වික් හිදීයි.ඒ වර්ෂ 1976 දී ය. 1988 දී, ග්‍රීෂ්ම ආබාධිත මලල ක්‍රීඩා උළෙල එම වසරේ ඔලිම්පික් ක්‍රීඩාවලට සමගාමීව පවත්වන ලදී. මෙම ක්‍රියාමාර්ගය අන්තර්ජාතික ඔලිම්පික් කොමිටියේ 2001/6/21 සම්මුතියෙන් අනතුරුව නිල ප්‍රතිපත්තියක් බවට පත්විය. මෙම ක්‍රීඩා ඔලිම්පික් තරඟ අවසානයෙන් දින තුනකට පසුව එම සත්කාරක නගරයේම එම පහසුකම් යටතේම පවත්වනු ලබයි. ඔලිම්පික් ක්‍රීඩා පැවැත්වීමට අවසර ඉල්ලන නගර, තම ඉල්ලීමට මෙම ක්‍රීඩාද ඇතුලත්කළ යුතු අතර, ක්‍රීඩා දෙකම එකම සංවිධායක මණ්ඩලයකින් පාලනය කරනු ලබයි.

සටහන්

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ආබාධිත මලල ක්‍රීඩා තරඟාවලිය


Sinan Tuzcu (d. 10 Temmuz 1977, Gaziantep), Türk oyuncu, senaristtir.

Hayatı ve kariyeri
Bilkent Üniversitesi Turizm ve Otel İşletmeciliği ön lisans eğitiminden sonra 2004 yılında Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı Tiyatro Ana Sanat Dalından mezun olmuştur. Okul sonrası Londra'da Arcola Theatre bünyesinde çalıştı.

2005 yılında televizyonda Ihlamurlar Altında dizisinde canlandırdığı "Ömer" karakteriyle tanındı. 2006 yılında, ilk sahnelenişinden 60 yıl sonra yeniden sahnelenen "Ayşe" adlı operette başrolü oynadı. Bu oyunda başrolü paylaştığı Dolunay Soysert ile 9 Temmuz 2006'da evlendi. 2008-2009 sezonunda BKM ve İstanbul Halk Tiyatrosu ortak yapımı olarak sahnelenen "Sürmanşet" adlı oyunu yazmıştır.

2014 yılında Kanal D ve Star TV'de yayınlanan Urfalıyam Ezelden dizisinin tasarımını ve senaristliğini yaptı, 2016 yılında atv'de yayınlanan Kehribar dizisinin hikâyesini ve senaryosunu Ali Aydın'la beraber yazmıştır. Aynı yıl Dolunay Soysert ile olan evliliğinden boşandı.

Son tiyatro çalışmasını 2020 yılında Duru Tiyatro bünyesindeki ve Emre Kınay yönetimindeki "Yüzleşme" adlı oyunla yapmıştır.

Filmografisi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Yaşayan insanlar
1977 doğumlular
Gaziantep doğumlu sanatçılar
Bilkent Üniversitesinde öğrenim görenler
Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarında öğrenim görenler
Türk erkek tiyatro oyuncuları
Türk erkek sinema oyuncuları
Türk erkek dizi oyuncuları
21. yüzyılda Türk erkek oyuncular

Sinan Tuzcu


John Duncan Young (* 22. September 1823 in Owingsville, Bath County, Kentucky; † 26. Dezember 1910 in Mount Sterling, Kentucky) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1873 und 1875 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
John Young besuchte die öffentlichen Schulen seiner Heimat. Nach einem anschließenden Jurastudium und seiner 1854 erfolgten Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt begann er in Owingsville in diesem Beruf zu arbeiten. Später wurde er auch in der Landwirtschaft tätig. Während der Regierungszeit von Präsident Franklin Pierce (1853–1857) war Young amtierender US Marshal für Kentucky. Zwischen 1858 und 1862 sowie nochmals in den Jahren 1866 und 1867 fungierte er als Richter im Bath County. Politisch wurde er Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei. Im Jahr 1866 war er erstmals in den Kongress gewählt worden; dort wurde ihm aber sein Sitz verweigert.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1872 wurde Young dann im damals wieder eingerichteten zehnten Wahlbezirk von Kentucky in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1873 sein neues Mandat antrat. Da er im Jahr 1874 auf eine weitere Kandidatur verzichtete, konnte er bis zum 3. März 1875 nur eine Legislaturperiode im US-Repräsentantenhaus absolvieren. Nach seiner Zeit im Kongress betätigte sich Young zunächst wieder in der Landwirtschaft. Zwischen 1884 und 1889 war er Eisenbahnbeauftragter seines Heimatstaates. Danach war er von 1890 bis 1895 erneut Richter im Bath County. Er starb am 26. Dezember 1910 in Mount Sterling.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Kentucky
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
Richter (Kentucky)
Rechtsanwalt (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1823
Gestorben 1910
Mann

John Duncan Young


La Universidad de Belice es una institución de educación superior multi-campus que funge como la universidad nacional de Belice. Ofrece programas de licenciaturas, certificados, diplomas, carreras técnicas y posgrados. El campus central de la universidad se ubica en la capital Belmopán, con campus adicionales en Belice y Punta Gorda.

Los colores oficiales son el púrpura y el dorada; la mascota es el «Jaguar Negro» y su lema es: «La educación empodera a una nación».

Historia
La evolución de la universidad beliceña inicia en 1977 con la fundación del Comité por los Estudios de Sexta Forma (en inglés: Comitte for Sixth Form Studies), como respuesta a un creciente interés y consternación por la oferta existente de educación terciaria en el país. En el año 2000 culmina el segundo intento por coordinar la educación superior de Belice. Durante este año, la evolución de la universidad resultó en el establecimiento de tres instituciones: el Colegio de Artes, Ciencias y Tecnología (en inglés: Belize College of Arts, Science, and Technology); el Colegio Universitario de Belice (University College of Belize) y la Universidad de Belice (University of Belize).

Campus

Campus central, Belmopán

El campus central de la universidad se encuentra en la capital Belmopán, en la aglomeración Corner Stann Creek. Anteriormente, las instalaciones eran utilizadas como centro de extensión. Actualmente, las oficinas administrativas, así como la mayor parte de los programas ofrecidos por la universidad, se ubican en este campus. De la misma manera, alberga el Centro Regional de Idiomas (en inglés: Regional Language Center), donde estudiantes de diversos países latinoamericanos acuden a aprender inglés, lengua oficial de Belice y único país en Centroamérica en hacerlo.

Campus agrícola (Granja central)
Localizado en el Distrito de Cayo, en el poblado de Central Farm, fue anteriormente el sitio de la Escuela de Agricultura de Belice. Ofrecía programas bianuales en Ciencias Aplicadas a la Agricultura y Recursos Naturales. Después de la amalgación (en la que, junto a otras cuatro escuelas, pasó a formar parte del sistema nacional de universidades beliceñas), se mantuvo intacta como el Departamento de Agricultura dentro de la universidad.

Política de admisión
La universidad cuenta con requisitios distintos para cada tipo de programa ofrecido:

Carrera técnica (Associate's Degree): Puntaje GPA mínimo de 2.5 o superior en inglés y matemáticas). Cuatro pases en materias CXC, que deben incluir inglés y matemáticas. Puntaje combinad de 890 en el SAT o ACT.
Licenciatura (Bachelor's Degree): Carrera técnica de instituciones afiliadas, con los mismos puntajes señalados arriba. Se permite la transferencia de créditos en promedios superiores a C+.
Diploma: Licenciatura en alguna institución afiliada.

Divisiones de estudio
La universidad está organizada en cuatro facultades distintas, cada una dotada de diversos departamentos. Cada departamento ofrece programas de grado de asociado hasta licenciaturas. Los programas de Maestría con ofrecidos en colaboración con la Universidad de las Indias Occidentales, la Universidad de Guyana y la Universidad Anton de Lom de Suriname.

Educación y Artes
 Centro Regional de Idiomas
 Departamento de Artes
 Departamento de Educación
 Centro de Historia y Antropología

Administración y Ciencias Sociales

 Departamento de Negocios y Contaduría
 Departamento de Ciencias Sociales

Ciencia y tecnología
 Departamento de Agricultura
 Departamento de Ingeniería
 Departamento de Tecnologías de la Información
 Departamento de Ciencia

Enfermería, Salud y Trabajo Social
 Departamento de Salud
 Departamento de Enfermería
 Departamento de Trabajo Social

Referencias

Belice
Ciudad de Belice
Belmopán

Universidad de Belice


AC şu anlamlara gelebilir:

 AC (otomobil), bir otomobil markası
 AC Schnitzer, BMW marka otomobilleri ve motosikletleri modifiye eden otomotiv firması
 Chevrolet AC : 1929-1931 yılları arasında 70 HP gücünde motorla üretilmiş otomobil modeli
 AC 130 : Kara birliklerine yakın destek sağlamak için tasarlanmış uçak modeli
 AC (elektrik) : Elektrik ve elektronikte Alternatif akımın kısaltması(Alternative current)
 Ac (element) : Aktinyum elementinin sembolü,
 AC : Klimanın İngilizce kısaltması (Air Conditioning),
 AC : Latince milattan önce'nin kısaltması,
 AC : Almanya, Hollanda ve Belçika sınırında yer alan Alman kasabası Aachen'in plaka ismi,
 Milan : Associazione Calcio Milan, İtalya'nın Milano kentinde kurulu spor kulübü,
 Assassin's Creed : Assassin's Creed oyun serisinin kısaltması.

.ac
 .ac : Ascension Adası'nın internet kod harfleri.

AC


Abade de Vermoim Portekiz'de Vila Nova de Famalicão belediyesine bağlı olan, 0,33 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 351 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Vila Nova de Famalicão

Abade de Vermoim


Slip mine hænder er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2015 instrueret af Ala'A Mohsen.

Handling
Med sorg i stemmen og et mørkt udtryk i ansigtet fortæller 42-årige Haider om sit liv i fangenskab under oprøret i Irak i 1991. Saddam Hussein havde netop opgivet krigen og forladt et krigsramt land i knæ. Selvom fortiden er dunkel og fyldt med smerte, ser Haider fremad med håbet om et trygt og værdigt liv for sine børn her i Danmark.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Filmskolefilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2015

Slip mine hænder


La antigua Catedral de San Salvador del Congo (en portugués: Catedral de São Salvador do Congo; conocida popularmente en kikongo como kulumbimbi), construida a finales del  en la capital del Reino del Congo, fue una de las primeras catedrales católicas en el África subsahariana.

Historia

Antecedentes
En sus viajes por la costa africana a inicios de los años 1480, el navegante portugués Diego Cao escuchó relatos acerca de un gran imperio que dominaba el comercio en la región. Hacia 1482 o 1483 la carabela portuguesa, capitaneada por Diogo Cão alcanzó la desembocadura del río Congo, e hizo una visita al manicongo Nzinga Nkuwu (luego llamado João I) en M'Banza Kongo, ciudad fundada ese mismo año y por aquel entonces capital del Reino del Congo, convenciéndole de que abriese su país a los portugueses, país bajo el reinado de Juan II. Cao volvió a Portugal, llevando distintos emisarios del reino africano.

En Lisboa, estos emisarios fueron bautizados y convertidos al catolicismo antes de volver a su reino, al que llegaron  el 19 de diciembre de 1490, a bordo de tres navíos, enviados por Portugal, bajo el mando de Gonçalves de Sousa; junto a ellos también viajaron numerosos misioneros católicos bajo el papado de Inocencio VIII, así como artesanos carpinteros y soldados portugueses, llevando también con ellos mercancías y regalos para agasajar la corte congoleña.

Construcción
La construcción como simple iglesia de la que luego sería catedral, fue iniciada hacia 1491, bajo João I, concretamente, y de acuerdo con los documentos de la época, entre el 6 de mayo de 1491 y el 6 de julio del mismo año; posteriormente sería reparada y ampliada hacia 1534, bajo el reinado de Afonso I. Hacia 1570, bajo el reinado de Álvaro I del Congo, los pueblos jagas del este tomaron brevemente la ciudad, incendiando la iglesia, que más tarde fue reconstruida.

Fue elevada al estatus de catedral en 1596, ya bajo el rey Álvaro II del Congo. Este mismo monarca intentó en 1613, a través del papa Paulo V, que el rey de Portugal se hiciera cargo del costo del mantenimiento de los obispos y los canónigos de la catedral.

Decadencia
La ciudad fue saqueada en varias oportunidades durante las guerras civiles que siguieron a la Batalla de Mbwila de 1665, la primera de ellas en 1668, y fue abandonada en 1678, tras ser arrasada por las tropas del pretendiente al trono Pedro III, quedando la catedral en ruinas. La urbe fue reocupada brevemente por los distintos príncipes en disputa, así: por Manuel I (con el apoyo de la Princesa de Soyo) en 1690, por João II en 1696 y un poco más tarde, ese mismo año, por Pedro IV, cuyas tropas, durante su breve estancia, despejaron el área de la catedral y de la plaza central de la ciudad. En los primeros años del , el mismo Pedro IV del Congo, envió colonos a ocupar la antigua capital ahora abandonada, pero no fue sino hasta 1705 cuando se estableció una población permanente en la ciudad, con los seguidores de la líder religiosa Beatriz Kimpa Vita, líder de la herejía antonianista, quien se instaló en los restos de la catedral y los convirtió en su residencia. La ciudad fue restablecida como capital del Reino por Pedro IV en 1709, pero la catedral, ya en ruinas, no fue rehabilitada.

Siglos  y
De acuerdo con un testimonio de 1879, por aquel entonces la fachada oeste se había caído y el techo había desaparecido. El altar mayor estaba cubierto de pequeños helechos, pero en buenas condiciones. Había una capilla de la Virgen en el lado norte de la nave, y una sacristía en el lado sur del presbiterio. En la actualidad sólo permanecen algunas de las estructuras de la nave central.

Las ruinas de la antigua catedral fueron visitadas por el papa Juan Pablo II en junio de 1992, durante su visita a Angola.

Actualidad
En 2010 se anunció un plan de restauración de los restos de la antigua catedral y del conjunto arquitectónico anexo de cara a ser considerado por la UNESCO como Patrimonio de la Humanidad, abarcando el área conocida con el nombre de Cidade Velha.

Referencias

Bibliografía
 Patrício Batsîkama; A Catedral de São Salvador de Angola: História e Memória de um Lugar Mítico; diciembre de 2011; Tesis de Doctorado en Antropología por la Universidade Fernando Pessoa; Porto, Portugal.

Enlaces externos
Report on the Mission to de Historic Town of Mbanza Kongo, Zaire Province, Angola for a preliminary assessment of Heritage significance, UNESCO.
Ruin of M'banza Kongo - UNESCO World Heritage Centre.

San Salvador
San Salvador
Edificios y estructuras de Angola
Historia del Reino del Congo
Arquitectura del siglo XV
Congo

Antigua catedral de San Salvador del Congo


In astronomy, an octaeteris (, plural: octaeterides) is the period of eight solar years after which the moon phase occurs on the same day of the year plus one or two days.

This period is also in a very good synchronicity with five Venusian visibility cycles (the Venusian synodic period) and thirteen Venusian revolutions around the Sun (Venusian sidereal period). This means, that if Venus is visible beside the Moon, after eight years the two will be again close together near the same date of the calendar.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Comparison of differing parts of the octaeteris
! Astronomical period
! Number in anoctaeteris
! Overall duration(Earth days)
|-
| Tropical year
|align=right|  8
|   2 921.93754
|-
| Synodic lunar month
|align=right|  99
|   2 923.528230
|-
| Sidereal lunar month
|align=right|  107
|   2 923.417787
|-
| Venusian synodic period
|align=right|  5
|   2 919.6
|-
| Venusian sidereal period
|align=right|  13
|   2 921.07595
|}

The octaeteris, also known as oktaeteris, was noted by Cleostratus in ancient Greece as a  day cycle. The octaeteris is the calendar used for the Olympic games; if one Olympiad was 50 months long, the next would be 49 lunar months long. This octaeteris calendar is used for the Olympic dial of the Antikythera mechanism, to determine the time of the Olympic games and other Greek festivities.

The 8 year short lunisolar cycle was probably known to many ancient cultures. The mathematical proportions of the octaeteris cycles were  The Three Kings panel also contains more accurate ratios, ratios related to other planets, and apparent astronomical symbolism.

See also
Metonic cycle
 Eclipse cycle

References

Ancient Greek astronomy
Calendars
Time in astronomy

Octaeteris


Conacul Ugron din Cristuru Secuiesc este un monument istoric aflat pe teritoriul orașului Cristuru Secuiesc. În Repertoriul Arheologic Național, monumentul apare cu codul 83543.02.01, 83543.02.02.

Cu ocazia săpării unei gropi pentru var și a fundațiilor noilor clădiri s-a descoperit material arheologic medieval. În urma săpăturilor de salvare au fost descoperite o bucată de obsidian, netrataă, și fragmente ceramice din epoca arpadiană și din evul m

Note

Monumente istorice din județul Harghita

Conacul Ugron din Cristuru Secuiesc


Sunrise puede referirse a:

Empresas
 Sunrise (f. 1972), estudio de animación y empresa de producción japonesa
 Sunrise (f. 2000), empresa suiza de telecomunicaciones

Música
 Sunrise, canción de Norah Jones (2004);
 (Reach Up for The) Sunrise, canción de Duran Duran (2004);

Divisiones administrativas

en Estados Unidos
 Sunrise (Alaska)
 Sunrise (Florida)
 Sunrise (Luisiana)

Sunrise (desambiguación)


Ella Rosa Giovianna Oliva Grasso (née Tambussi; May 10, 1919 – February 5, 1981) was an American politician and member of the Democratic Party who served as the 83rd Governor of Connecticut from January 8, 1975, to December 31, 1980, after rejecting past offers of candidacies for Senate and Governor. She was the first woman elected to this office and the first woman to be elected governor of a U.S. state without having been the spouse or widow of a former governor. She resigned as governor due to her battle with ovarian cancer.

Grasso started in politics as a member of the League of Women Voters and Democratic speechwriter. She was first elected to the Connecticut House of Representatives in 1952 and later became the first female Floor Leader in 1955. She was then elected as Secretary of the State of Connecticut in 1958 and served until 1971. Grasso went on to serve two terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1970 to 1974. Then she was elected Governor in 1974 and re-elected in 1978.

Early life
Ella Rosa Giovianna Oliva Tambussi was born in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, to Italian immigrant parents Maria Oliva and James Giacomo Tambussi, a mill worker. Ella Tambussi learned to speak fluent Italian from her parents. She attended Chaffee School in Windsor. Although she excelled at Chaffee and was named most likely to become mayor in the school year book, Tambussi claimed she often felt out of place as someone from a poor mill town. She went on to study sociology and economics at Mount Holyoke College, in South Hadley, Massachusetts, where she earned her B.A. in 1940. Two years later, she earned a master's degree, also from Mount Holyoke.

After graduation, Grasso served as a researcher for the War Manpower Commission in Washington, D.C., rising to the position of assistant director of research before leaving the Commission in 1946. She married Thomas Grasso, a school principal, in 1942; they had two children, Susanne and James.
Together the Grassos owned a movie theater in Old Lyme. In the summers, the couple would operate the theater, with Ella Grasso selling tickets at the box office.  During Grasso's tenure in the United States House of Representatives, her family remained in Connecticut while Grasso commuted home from Washington, D.C., on weekends. Thomas Grasso retired when his wife became governor.

Career

Early politics
Grasso's entry into politics came in 1942 when she joined the League of Women Voters. In 1943, she became a speechwriter for the Connecticut Democratic Party. After graduating from Mount Holyoke College she joined the Republicans until she switched in 1951 to the Democratic Party to support incumbent Governor Chester Bowles. Through the Connecticut Democratic Party, she met and became an ally of John Moran Bailey. Bailey would become a key figure in Grasso's career, recognizing her as someone who could appeal to voters, particularly women and Italian voters in the state.

In 1952, Grasso was elected to the Connecticut House of Representatives and served until 1957. She became first woman to be elected Floor Leader of the House in 1955. As a state representative, Grasso worked to eliminate counties as a level of government in Connecticut.

Secretary of State
In 1958 she was elected Secretary of the State of Connecticut and was re-elected in 1962 and 1966. She was an architect of the state's 1960 Constitution. In 1961 she chose not to attend the national convention for the National Association of Secretaries of State in Arizona despite the trip being state funded, as she considered it to be of negligible value and would only approve other officials to go to national conventions that would benefit the state.

In 1962 the Supreme Court ruled in Baker v. Carr that the 14th Amendment applies to state apportionment and that federal courts are open to lawsuits challenging state legislative districts leading to further lawsuits over redistricting. After Reynolds v. Sims the Joint Committee on Constitutional Conventions to hear proposals for a constitutional convention by the Connecticut General Assembly to bring the state constitution in line with federal rulings. A special election was ordered to choose the eighty four delegates that would attend the convention and Grasso was elected as one. As Secretary of State, Grasso swore in the eighty four delegates divided equally among both parties and was selected as Democratic floor leader by the forty two Democratic delegates.

She was the first woman to chair the Democratic State Platform Committee and served from 1956 to 1968. She served as a member of the Platform Drafting Committee for the 1960 Democratic National Convention. She was the co-chairman for the Resolutions Committee for the Democratic National Conventions of 1964 and 1968.

U.S. House of Representatives
During the 1970 election cycle she was considered a candidate for higher statewide or federal office. After Senator Thomas J. Dodd was censured in 1967 his seat was left up and Ella was considered a possible candidate for the 1970 Senate race with the Democratic Town Committees of Windsor Locks, Glastonbury, and New Milford voting to endorse her if she would announce a Senate campaign. Thomas L. Loy, her Republican opponent for Secretary of State in 1962, asked her to run for governor. Stephen Minot, a novelist who had run for Congress in 1966, asked her to run for the Sixth House District. Sitting Sixth District Congressman Thomas Meskill chose to run for governor leaving his district open and on March 17, 1970, Ella announced that she would run for the Democratic nomination for that district. Grasso faced Republican Richard Kilborn in the general election and narrowly defeated him by 4,063 votes.

During her tenure, she served on the Veterans' Affairs and Education and Labor House committees. In December 1971 she and other House members signed a telegram to President Nixon protesting Operation Linebacker II and asking to halt all bombing in Vietnam; Grasso was the only representative from Connecticut to sign the telegram.

She was reelected to the House in 1972 against John F. Walsh with 140,290 votes to his 92,783 votes.

Governorship
In 1973 a gubernatorial poll conducted by the AFL–CIO projected that Grasso would defeat incumbent Governor Meskill by 46% to 39% and a campaign committee was later organized although Grasso had not yet announced her intention to run. On January 8, 1974, she announced that she would run for the governorship and filed with the secretary of state.

In order to secure the gubernatorial nomination, a candidate would need to receive the support of 607 out of 1,213 delegates to the state convention with multiple primaries being held beforehand to select the delegates. She participated in a difficult primary against Attorney General Robert Killian who received the support of multiple party leaders, but after narrowly winning the seventy delegates of Hartford by two thousand votes she effectively secured the nomination with her pledged delegates. Democratic Party leader John Moran Bailey preferred Killian as the party nominee and hoping to avoid a primary that would negatively effect the Democratic nominee's chance in the general election Bailey convinced Killian to drop out in exchange for the lieutenant gubernatorial nomination. By the time of the gubernatorial nomination balloting all of her opponents had dropped out except for Norwalk Mayor Frank Zullo who dropped out during the convention, and as she was the only candidate to receive at least twenty percent of the delegate votes appearing on the primary ballot no primary was held. On July 20, 1974, she was given the Democratic nomination by the delegates with acclamation. Her opponent was Republican Representative Robert Steele who she defeated by 200,000 votes. Grasso became the first woman to be elected governor who was not the wife or widow of a previous governor.

Upon taking office, Connecticut had an $80 million budget deficit so Grasso promised fiscal responsibility. In 1975 she laid off 505 state employees, decreased her promise of giving $25 million to cities with federal revenue sharing money to $6 million, returned to the state treasury a $7,000 raise she was legally required to take and sold the state's limo and plane.

During the 1976 presidential election she supported Senator Henry M. Jackson in the primaries and was presented as a possible vice presidential nominee for the Democratic Party with the Young Democrats of Connecticut attempting to convince her to present herself as a possible vice presidential candidate although municipal leaders angry over the decreased federal revenue sharing funds promised to prevent her nomination and she stated that she was not interested. She later served as co-chair of the national convention.

Following John Moran Bailey's death there was no longer someone strong enough to forestall a primary challenge between Grasso and Lieutenant Governor Robert K. Killian. In December 1978 Killian announced his gubernatorial campaign, but after defeating her primary challenge, Grasso was re-elected in 1978 with little difficulty against Representative Ronald A. Sarasin.

A high point of her career was her decisive handling of a particularly devastating snowstorm in February 1978. Known as "Winter Storm Larry" and now known as "The Blizzard of 78" this storm dropped around 30 inches of snow across the state, crippling highways and making virtually all roads impassable. She "Closed the State" by proclamation, forbade all use of public roads by businesses and citizens, and closed all businesses, effectively closing all citizens in their homes. This relieved the rescue and cleanup authorities from the need to help the mounting number of stuck cars and instead allowed clean-up and emergency services for shut-ins to proceed. The crisis ended on the third day, and she received accolades from all state sectors for her leadership and strength.

In March 1980, she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer and resigned the governorship on December 31. Shortly before her resignation the mayor and city council of Torrington, Connecticut, signed a proclamation thanking her for her service as governor, secretary of state, and representative.

Death and legacy
On February 5, 1981, less than a year after being diagnosed with ovarian cancer and less than six weeks after leaving office, Grasso died at Hartford Hospital after suffering a heart attack and organ failure after falling into a coma earlier in the day. She was survived by her husband and their two children. Following her death she was laid in state from February 8 to 9 at the Connecticut State Capitol and was later buried in St. Mary's Cemetery in Windsor Locks.

In 1981, President Ronald Reagan posthumously awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and the National Women's Hall of Fame inducted her in 1993. She was a member of the inaugural class inducted into the Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame in 1994; the Ella Tambussi Grasso Center for Women in Politics is located there.

Metro North named Shoreliner I car 6252 after her. Ella T. Grasso Southeastern Technical High School in Groton is named after her. The Ella T. Grasso Turnpike in Windsor Locks is named after her, as are Ella Grasso Boulevard in New Britain, the Ella T. Grasso building in the University of Connecticut's Hilltop Apartments, and Ella T. Grasso Boulevard (often referred to by New Haven locals simply as "The Boulevard") in New Haven.

Over two years after her death, Arch Communications Corp. won a construction permit for Hartford's channel 61 in September 1983; James Grasso was minority partner in Arch Communications. Arch Communications Corp. planned to memorialize Grasso by using the call letters "WETG" for channel 61, as Grasso's initials were ETG, however, Channel 61 came on the air September 17, 1984, as WTIC-TV, and was dedicated in Grasso's honor.

Electoral history

See also
 List of female governors in the United States
 Women in the United States House of Representatives

References

Further reading
 Lieberman, Joseph I. (1981). The Legacy: Connecticut Politics, 1930–1980.
 Purmont, Jon E. (2012). Ella Grasso: Connecticut's Pioneering Governor.

External links
Brief biography
Ella T. Grasso Papers at Mount Holyoke College Archives and Special Collections
Connecticut State Library Bio
Photo of Grasso's Statue on the Connecticut State Capitol buildingthe first woman to be represented there
 Brief Bio of Governor Grasso

|-

|-

|-

|-

1919 births
1981 deaths
People from Windsor Locks, Connecticut
Loomis Chaffee School alumni
Mount Holyoke College alumni
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American women politicians
American people of Italian descent
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut
Democratic Party governors of Connecticut
Female members of the United States House of Representatives
Democratic Party members of the Connecticut House of Representatives
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Secretaries of the State of Connecticut
Women state governors of the United States
Women state legislators in Connecticut
Deaths from cancer in Connecticut
Deaths from ovarian cancer
Burials in Connecticut

Ella Grasso


Metropollination er en film instrueret af Esben Tønnesen og Anders Hybel Bräuner.

Handling
I et sterilt forretningsmiljø sidder en ung kvinde alene og keder sig foran en computer. Da hun beslutter at forlade kontoret irriteres og skræmmes hun af folks indelukkethed, men i hvert fald én anden person længes - som hun - efter kontakt med andre.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Danske film fra 2001

Kortfilm fra Danmark

Metropollination


An Cryptanthus bromelioides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christoph Friedrich Otto ngan Albert Gottfried Dietrich. An Cryptanthus bromelioides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cryptanthus, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cryptanthus

Cryptanthus bromelioides


Carlos Ernesto Soria (* 1. März 1949 in Bahía Blanca, Provinz Buenos Aires, Argentinien; † 1. Januar 2012 in General Roca, Provinz Río Negro, Argentinien) war ein argentinischer Rechtsanwalt und Politiker der Peronistischen Partei, der zuletzt Gouverneur der Provinz Río Negro war.

Leben
Soria studierte nach dem Schulbesuch Rechtswissenschaften an der Universidad de Buenos Aires und war nach seiner anwaltlichen Zulassung als Rechtsanwalt tätig.

Seine politische Laufbahn begann er, als er am 10. Dezember 1983 erstmals zum Mitglied der Abgeordnetenkammer (Cámara de Diputados) und dort bis zum 21. September 1999 die Provinz Río Negro vertrat. Im Anschluss wurde er Minister für Justiz und Sicherheit in der Regierung der Provinz Buenos Aires, gab dieses Amt allerdings schon nach wenigen Wochen am 10. Dezember 1999 an Aldo Rico ab. Stattdessen wurde er wiederum zum Mitglied der Abgeordnetenkammer gewählt, in der er nunmehr bis zum 2. Januar 2002 die Provinz Buenos Aires vertrat.

Am 2. Januar 2002 ernannte Präsident Eduardo Duhalde zum Minister für die Nachrichtendienste (Secretaría de Inteligencia). In dieser Funktion war er bis zu seiner Ablösung durch Miguel Ángel Toma am 10. Juli 2002 zuständig für das System der Geheimdienste Argentiniens, das Sistema de Inteligencia Nacional.

Bei den Gouverneurswahlen vom 30. August 2003 kandidierte er erstmals für das Amt des Gouverneurs der Provinz Río Negro, unterlag aber mit 30,2 Prozent dem Kandidaten der Unión Cívica Radical (UCR) und bisherigen Bürgermeister der Stadt General Roca, Miguel Saiz, der 32,6 Prozent der Wählerstimmen erhielt, während der Drittplatzierte Julio Arriaga von der Provinzpartei Encuentro por los Rionegrinos auf 20,5 Prozent der Wählerstimmen kam. Am 10. Dezember 2003 wurde Soria dann als Nachfolger von Miguel Saiz zum Bürgermeister von General Roca gewählt und behielt dieses Amt bis zum 9. Dezember 2011.

Bei den Gouverneurswahlen am 25. September 2011 wurde er als Kandidat Frente para la Victoria, einer Wahlallianz innerhalb der Peronistischen Partei, mit 49 Prozent der Wählerstimmen zum Gouverneur der Provinz Río Negro gewählt, während sein Gegenkandidat César Barbeito von der Concertación para el Desarrollo rund 36 Prozent der Stimmen erhielt. Er bekleidete diese Funktion nach seiner Vereidigung am 9. Dezember 2011 bis zu seinem Tod durch einen Kopfschuss im Schlafzimmer seines Landsitzes am 1. Januar 2012. Nach seinem Tod übernahm der bisherige Vizegouverneur Alberto Weretilneck kommissarisch das Amt des Gouverneurs. Einen Tag nach seinem Tod wurde seine Ehefrau Susana Freydoz wegen des Verdachts der Tötung festgenommen.

Weblinks
 Eintrag in rulers.org
 Murió el gobernador Rionegrino Carlos Soria: Soria se encontraba con su mujer en la habitación donde murió. In: La Nación vom 1. Januar 2012
 Murió Carlos Soria, conmoción en Río Negro (rionegro.com, 1. Januar 2012)
 Argentinien: Gouverneur Carlos Soria im Ehebett erschossen. In: Hamburger Abendblatt vom 2. Januar 2012

Mitglied der Abgeordnetenkammer (Argentinien)
Bürgermeister (General Roca)
Gouverneur (Argentinien)
Rechtsanwalt (Argentinien)
Argentinier
Geboren 1949
Gestorben 2012
Mann

Carlos Soria


Baron Archibald, of Woodside in the City of Glasgow, was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 12 July 1949 for George Archibald. He subsequently served as Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard under Clement Attlee. His son, the second Baron, disclaimed the peerage ten days after his succession in 1975. He was an economist. The peerage became extinct on his death in 1996.

Barons Archibald (1949)
George Archibald, 1st Baron Archibald (1898–1975)
George Christopher Archibald, 2nd Baron Archibald (1926–1996) (disclaimed 1975)

References

Extinct baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1949

Baron Archibald


Carlo da Camerino era el nombre de un supuesto pintor italiano activo en las Marcas a finales del  y principios del . En realidad, las obras a él atribuidas fueron pintadas por Olivuccio di Ciccarello. Carlo da Camerino nunca existió y su presencia en los libros de historia del arte se debe a un error de interpretación del crítico Federico Zeri. En una tabla fechada en 1396 y conservada en la iglesia de San Miguel Arcángel de Macerata Feltria, aparece la inscripción
ALV......DECI..CARELLU DA CAMERINO PIN...
que Zeri leyó como:
CAROLLU DA CAMERINO PINXIT (Carlo da Camerino lo pintó).
A raíz de esta atribución, se adjudicaron a este supuesto pintor otras obras de estilo similar, que parecían ejecutadas por la misma mano, entre otras la Virgen con el Niño de Mondavio, del año 1400.

En 2002 se hizo en Camerino una exposición sobre el Quattrocento. El historiador Matteo Mazzalupi reinterpretó la inscripción como
ALVUCCIU DE CICCARELLU DA CAMERINO PINXIT (Olivuccio di Ciccarello da Camerino lo pintó).

A partir de entonces se ha aceptado la nueva lectura y todas las obras atribuidas a Camerino han pasado a considerarse propias de Olivuccio di Ciccarello.

Bibliografía
 MAZZALUPI, Matteo: «Carlo da Camerino, il pittore inesistente», L'Appennino camerte, LXXXII, n.20, 18 de mayo de 2002, pág. 5.
 ROWLEY, Neville «», Recueil de textes issus de la Journée d'étude franco-italienne Actualité des recherches en Histoire d'Art. France-Italie, MSH Alpes, 2008; pág. 8.

Pintores de Italia del siglo XV

Carlo da Camerino


María del Pilar Mercado Cordero (Santurce, San Juan, 4 de agosto de 1939 - Ciudad de México, 1 de enero de 2006), conocida artísticamente como Mapita Cortés, fue una actriz de cine y televisión en México y modelo puertorriqueña-estadounidense, país en donde ganó el título de Miss Puerto Rico 1957.

Trayectoria

Infancia
Fue hija de Alfredo Mercado y de Aída Cordero. Desde pequeña destacó por sus aptitudes artísticas, y en su adolescencia realizó sus primeras participaciones en el programa Mapy y Papy, donde actuaban sus tíos maternos, los destacados actores María del Pilar Cordero, más conocida como Mapy Cortés, y Fernando Cortés. Fue en honor de su tía que sus padres la bautizaron con el mismo nombre: María del Pilar. Es madre de Luis Gatica y abuela del también actor Alfredo Gatica.

Miss Puerto Rico 1957
Gracias a su notable belleza, empezó a desfilar en pasarelas y distintos programas de televisión, hasta que su salto a la fama se produjo al ser coronada Miss Puerto Rico 1957. En el concurso Miss Universo, celebrado en Long Beach, California, no quedó entre las semifinalistas, pero recibió el título "Miss Amistad".

Actuación
Con la ayuda constante de sus tíos Mapy Cortés y Fernando Cortés, quienes se fueron a vivir a México, comenzó a estudiar actuación en el instituto de Andrés Soler. Adoptó el nombre artístico de su tía Mapy, pero para evitar confusiones se lo acuñó en diminutivo: »Mapita«, y el apellido de su tío, Cortés.

Cine
Comenzó su carrera de actriz, la cual se efectuó totalmente en México, siendo su primera película Los tres vivales en 1958, dirigida por Rafael Baledón y actuando a lado de Julio Aldama, Eulalio González "Piporro", Irma Dorantes y Emma Roldán. Su siguiente película fue Las mil y una noches también de 1958, al lado de estrellas como Germán Valdés "Tin Tan" y María Antonieta Pons. Luego actuó en títulos como La edad de la tentación al lado de Gastón Santos, Alfonso Mejía y Fernando Luján, y dirigida por Alejandro Galindo; Señoritas al lado de Mario Cid, Sonia Furió y Emilia Guiú y dirigida por Fernando Méndez; y Misterios de ultratumba, la cual se convertiría en todo un clásico del cine mexicano. Fue nuevamente dirigida por Fernando Méndez y donde alternó con Gastón Santos, Rafael Bertrand, Antonio Raxel y Beatriz Aguirre. Mapita también participó en cuatro películas dirigidas por su tío, éstas fueron Tres lecciones de amor en 1958, a lado de Carlos Agostí, Rosita Arenas y Blanca de Castejón; Dormitorio para señoritas, también de 1958, a lado de Manolo Fábregas, Lorena Velázquez, Manuel "El loco" Valdés y su tía Mapy; Variedades de medianoche en 1959 al lado de Julio Aldama, Pedro de Aguillón y Kippy Casado; y Vacaciones en Acapulco en 1960 la cual sería su última película, donde alternó con Antonio Aguilar, Fernando Casanova, Rafael Bertrand, Pedro de Aguillón y Sonia Furió.

Retiro
En 1960 conoce al que sería el amor de su vida, el bolerista chileno Lucho Gatica, ambos se casaron en ese mismo año. Mapita toma la decisión de abandonar su carrera artística, que iba en ascenso, para dedicarse a su nueva vida familiar. Con su esposo, Mapita procreó cinco hijos, uno de ellos es el actor Luis Gatica quien ha realizado una exitosa carrera en México. La pareja fue constantemente retratada por la prensa debido a las giras que hacía por el continente el cantante; llegó a considerárseles una de las parejas más glamorosas y famosas. Mapita visitó frecuentemente Chile el país natal de su esposo recibiendo la admiración y el cariño del público chileno por su belleza y sencillez. Con Lucho Gatica permaneció casada por 21 años, hasta principios de los 80, momento en que ambos decidieron tomar caminos distintos.

Al separarse de su marido retomó su carrera de actriz, haciendo participaciones esporádicas en televisión, aunque ya había participado en la telenovela mexicana Pensión de mujeres en 1960, retomó su participación en éstas en 1977 participando en Yo no pedí vivir producida por Irene Sabido; Marionetas en 1986, producida por Eugenio Cobo; y Mi pequeña Soledad en 1990, producida por la actriz Verónica Castro. Esta telenovela sería su último trabajo como actriz antes de retirarse por completo y dedicarse al hogar que había formado con su nuevo compañero, el austríaco Stephan Reich.

Mapita falleció el 1 de enero de 2006 en Ciudad de México a los 66 años de edad, de causas naturales.

Filmografía

Películas
 1958 - Los tres vivales
 1958 - Las mil y una noches
 1958 - Tres lecciones de amor/Las tres caras
 1958 - Póker de reinas
 1958 - La edad de la tentación
 1958 - Misterios de ultratumba
 1958 - Señoritas
 1958 - Escuela de verano
 1958 - Dormitorio para señoritas
 1959 - Variedades de medianoche/El espectro de Televicentro
 1960 - Vacaciones en Acapulco

Telenovelas
 1960 - Pensión de mujeres
 1977 - Yo no pedí vivir
 1986 - Marionetas
 1990 - Mi pequeña Soledad

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Nacidos en Santurce (Puerto Rico)
Actrices de Puerto Rico
Actores de televisión de Puerto Rico
Actores de cine de Puerto Rico
Modelos de Puerto Rico
Actrices de México
Actrices de televisión de México
Actrices de cine de México
Emigrantes puertorriqueños hacia México
Actrices de la Época de oro del cine mexicano
Fallecidos en Ciudad de México

Mapita Cortés


O USS South Carolina foi um couraçado operado pela Marinha dos Estados Unidos e a primeira embarcação da Classe South Carolina, seguido pelo . Sua construção começou em dezembro de 1906 nos estaleiros da William Cramp & Sons na Filadélfia e foi lançado ao mar em julho de 1908, sendo comissionado em março de 1910. Era armado com uma bateria principal de oito canhões de 305 milímetros em quatro torres de artilharia duplas, tinha um deslocamento de quase dezoito mil toneladas e conseguia alcançar uma velocidade máxima de dezoito nós.

O South Carolina passou boa parte de sua carreira atuando no Oceano Atlântico e Mar do Caribe, com suas principais atividades consistindo em exercícios e treinamentos de rotina. Visitou a Europa em 1910 e 1911 e depois participou da Ocupação de Veracruz em 1914. Sua baixa velocidade máxima fez com que fosse colocado para atuar com os obsoletos pré-dreadnoughts durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, primeiro realizando patrulhas de neutralidade e depois escoltando comboios. Foi usado como navio-escola após o conflito até ser descomissionado em 1921 e desmontado.

Características

O South Carolina tinha 138 metros de comprimento de fora a fora, boca de 24,4 metros e calado de 7,4 metros. Seu deslocamento normal era de 16 257 toneladas e o deslocamento carregado podia chegar a 17,9 mil toneladas. Seu sistema de propulsão era composto por dois motores verticais de tripla-expansão alimentados pelo vapor gerado por doze caldeiras Babcock & Wilcox. Este sistema tinha uma potência indicada de 16,5 mil cavalos-vapor (12,1 mil quilowatts), o que permitia uma velocidade máxima de 18,5 nós (34 quilômetros por hora). Sua autonomia era 6 950 milhas náuticas (12 870 quilômetros) a uma velocidade de dez nós (dezenove quilômetros por hora). Sua tripulação era composta por 869 oficiais e marinheiros.

O couraçado era armado com uma bateria principal de oito canhões Marco 5 calibre 45 de 305 milímetros montados em quatro torres de artilharia duplas na linha central, duas na proa e duas na popa, com uma sobreposta a outra. A bateria secundária consistia em 22 canhões calibre 50 de 76 milímetros em casamatas nas laterais do casco. O armamento contra barcos torpedeiros tinha dois canhões Hotchkiss calibre 40 de 47 milímetros e oito canhões de 37 milímetros na superestrutura. Também tinha dois tubos de torpedo submersos de 533 milímetros, um em cada lateral. O cinturão principal de blindagem tinha 305 milímetros de espessura sobre os depósitos de munição, 254 milímetros sobre as salas de máquinas e 203 milímetros em outras áreas. O convés blindado tinha entre 25 e 64 milímetros de espessura. As torres de artilharia tinham frentes de 305 milímetros de espessura e ficavam em cima de barbetas com 254 milímetros. As casamatas eram protegidas por 254 milímetros, enquanto a torre de comando tinha laterais de 305 milímetros.

História

Início de serviço

O batimento de quilha do South Carolina ocorreu 18 de dezembro de 1906 nos estaleiros da William Cramp & Sons na Filadélfia, Pensilvânia. Foi lançado ao mar em 11 de julho de 1908 e batizado por Frederica Ansel, filha de Martin Frederick Ansel, o Governador da Carolina do Sul. Os trabalhos de equipagem terminaram no final de fevereiro de 1910 e o navio foi comissionado na frota em 1º de março, sendo designado para a Frota do Atlântico. Partiu cinco dias depois para realizar seu cruzeiro de testes no Mar do Caribe, incluindo paradas nas Antilhas Dinamarquesas e Cuba. Retornou então para os Estados Unidos e fez uma parada em Charleston, em seu estado homônimo, que durou de 10 a 15 de abril. Em seguida ocorreram seus testes marítimos, realizados próximos dos Cabos da Virgínia e de Provincetown, em Massachusetts. O South Carolina então visitou Nova Iorque, no estado de Nova Iorque, em 17 e 18 de junho com o objetivo de participar de uma recepção em homenagem ao ex-presidente Theodore Roosevelt. O navio passou o resto do ano realizando manobras com a frota, treinamentos de milícia naval e um período de reparos em Norfolk, na Virgínia.

O South Carolina deixou os Estados Unidos em 1º de novembro para uma viagem para a Europa com a 2ª Divisão de Couraçados. Os navios fizeram paradas em Cherbourg na França e Portland no Reino Unido. Eles voltaram para Norfolk em 12 de janeiro de 1911, com o South Carolina entrando no Estaleiro Naval de Norfolk para manutenção. Voltou então para a frota, que realizou treinamentos de batalha próximos do litoral da Nova Inglaterra. O navio fez uma breve parada em Nova Iorque antes de retornar para a 2ª Divisão de Couraçados para mais uma viagem pela Europa. Esta viagem incluiu paradas em Copenhague na Dinamarca, Estocolmo na Suécia e Kronstadt na Rússia. O South Carolina no caminho de volta parou em Kiel na Alemanha, onde o imperador Guilherme II estava sediando a anual Semana de Kiel de regatas. A embarcação chegou em Provincetown em 13 de julho e seguiu para a Baía de Chesapeake, onde realizou treinos de batalha.

O couraçado esteve presente no final de 1911 para uma revista naval em Nova Iorque, em seguida realizando exercícios de treinamento de rotina com a 1ª Esquadra próximo de Newport, em Rhode Island. O navio navegou para o sul em 3 de janeiro de 1912 com o objetivo de participar de mais exercícios de treinamento na Baía de Guantánamo em Cuba, retornando em 13 de março para Norfolk. O South Carolina viajou pela Costa Leste dos Estados Unidos entre março e junho. Neste mês participou de uma recepção em Nova Iorque em ocasião da visita do cruzador de batalha alemão  e dos cruzadores rápidos SMS Bremen e SMS Stettin. O couraçado voltou para o Estaleiro Naval de Norfolk em 30 de junho a fim de passar por reformas. Foi para Nova Iorque no início de outubro para uma breve visita que ocorreu entre os dias 11 e 15. Passou a primeira metade de novembro realizando mais exercícios treinamentos próximo da Nova Inglaterra e dos Cabos da Virgínia. Navegou então para o sul como parte da Divisão de Serviço Especial para uma viagem pelo sul do país, incluindo paradas em Pensacola na Flórida, Nova Orleães na Luisiana, Galveston no Texas e também em Veracruz no México.

Caribe e Primeira Guerra
O South Carolina ficou em Norfolk de 20 de dezembro até 6 de janeiro de 1913. Partiu então para uma viagem pelo Caribe, desta vez parando em Colón no Panamá, na entrada do então quase finalizado Canal do Panamá. A embarcação participou de manobras na Baía de Guantánamo e retornou para Norfolk em 22 de março. Seguiu-se outro cruzeiro pela Costa Leste, que incluiu uma parada em Nova Iorque de 28 a 31 de maio, onde o Monumento Nacional ao USS Maine foi dedicado. O navio brevemente treinou aspirantes da Academia Naval dos Estados Unidos em junho, partindo no final do mês para o México. Navegou próximo de Tampico e Veracruz com o objetivo de proteger interesses norte-americanos durante a Revolução Mexicana. Voltou então para o Estaleiro Naval de Norfolk em setembro para uma reforma que durou até janeiro de 1914.

O couraçado participou de exercícios próximos da ilha de Culebra em Porto Rico. O South Carolina desembarcou um contingente do Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais em 28 de janeiro em Porto Príncipe no Haiti com o objetivo de proteger a embaixada norte-americana durante um período de agitação no país. Ele deixou a cidade em 14 de abril depois das tensões terem se acalmado com a eleição do presidente Oreste Zamor. O navio reabasteceu em Key West na Flórida e em seguida foi para Veracruz, onde participou da ocupação da cidade. Deixou Veracruz em julho e passou os meses seguintes navegando próximo da República Dominicana e Haiti a fim de monitorar as situações políticas de ambos os países. Retornou para Norfolk em 24 de setembro. Nesta altura a Primeira Guerra Mundial já tinha começado na Europa, porém os Estados Unidos ainda estavam neutros.

O South Carolina foi para a Filadélfia em 14 de outubro para uma reforma que durou até 20 de fevereiro de 1915. Navegou em seguida para Cuba para manobras de treinamento de rotina. As tensões entre Estados Unidos e Alemanha cresceram depois do transatlântico britânico  ter sido afundado em maio por um submarino alemão, apesar dos alemães terem concordado em suspender sua campanha de guerra submarina irrestrita. Pelos dois anos seguintes o navio seguiu a mesma rotina: treinamento próximos de Cuba no primeiro trimestre do ano, seguido por manobras próximas de Newport e então uma manutenção periódica no final do ano na Filadélfia. Os Estados Unidos declararam guerra contra a Alemanha em 6 de abril de 1917 porque os alemães tinham retomado mais cedo no ano sua campanha de guerra submarina irrestrita. O South Carolina continuou navegando pela Costa Leste até agosto de 1918.

A partir de setembro o South Carolina e os antigos pré-dreadnoughts da Frota do Atlântico, por suas baixas velocidades, começaram a escoltar comboios para a França. O couraçado partiu em 6 de setembro com o  e  para protegerem o comboio de tropas HX. Os três deixaram o comboio dez dias depois no meio do Oceano Atlântico e voltaram para os Estados Unidos, enquanto outras escoltas continuaram acompanhando-o até a Europa. O South Carolina perdeu sua hélice de estibordo no dia 17, o que o forçou a reduzir sua velocidade máxima para onze nós (vinte quilômetros por hora). O motor de bombordo parou de funcionar no dia 20 depois de uma válvula de aceleração quebrar. Ele conseguiu voltar a navegar usando uma válvula auxiliar, porém vibrações severas o forçaram a ficar parado por seis horas até que a válvula principal fosse consertada. As embarcações finalmente chegaram nos Estados Unidos quatro dias depois e o couraçado foi para Filadélfia passar por reparos. O South Carolina ficou participando de exercícios de artilharia até a Alemanha assinar um armistício em 11 de novembro, que encerrou a guerra. A embarcação iniciou em meados de fevereiro de 1919 sua primeira de quatro viagens de ida e volta para Brest na França com o objetivo de trazer soltados norte-americanos de volta para casa. A última viagem ocorreu em julho e no decorrer delas o navio transportou mais de quatro mil homens. Depois disso seguiu para o Estaleiro Naval de Norfolk passar por reformas.

Fim de carreira

O South Carolina embarcou um contingente de aspirantes da Academia Naval para um cruzeiro de treinamento para o Oceano Pacífico. O navio iniciou sua viagem em 5 de junho de 1920, chegando no Pacífico através do Canal do Panamá. Parou no Havaí e então continuou até a Costa Oeste dos Estados Unidos, fazendo visitas a Seattle em Washington e São Francisco e São Diego na Califórnia. Deixou a Costa Oeste em 11 de agosto e chegou em Annapolis em Maryland no dia 2 de setembro. Os aspirantes desembarcaram e o navio seguiu para a Filadélfia, onde permaneceu por sete meses. O couraçado voltou para o mar no início de abril de 1921 para treinamentos próximos de Culebra e depois para exercícios na Baía de Chesapeake. Um novo cruzeiro de treinamento para aspirantes começou em 29 de maio, desta vez para a Europa. Paradas incluíram Cristiania na Noruega e Lisboa em Portugal. Passou pela Baía de Guantánamo no caminho de volta para Annapolis, chegando em 30 de agosto, partindo para a Filadélfia no dia seguinte.

Os Estados Unidos, Reino Unido e Japão lançaram enormes programas de construção navais nos anos imediatamente após o fim da Primeira Guerra Mundial. Todos os três concordaram que uma corrida armamentista naval não era de seus interesses, assim reuniram-se a partir de novembro de 1921 na Conferência Naval de Washington para discutir limitações armamentistas. O resultado foi o Tratado Naval de Washington, assinado em fevereiro de 1922. Os termos do tratado ditavam que o South Dakota deveria ser desmontado. Ele já tinha sido descomissionado em 15 de dezembro de 1921, mas só foi ser formalmente removido do registro naval em 10 de novembro de 1923. Foi vendido para desmontagem em 24 de abril de 1924.

Toda a prataria do couraçado tinha sido encomendada pelo estado da Carolina do Sul. Ela foi entregue ao ramo da Carolina do Sul das Filhas da Revolução Americana depois que o navio foi tirado de serviço para ser exibida na antiga Casa da Alfândega do estado. A prataria foi escondida no porão do edifício depois do início da Segunda Guerra Mundial para ser mantida em segurança. Foi recuperada em 1947 e enviada para a Mansão do Governador da Carolina do Sul, onde permanece em exibição até hoje.

Referências

Bibliografia

Ligações externas

Classe South Carolina
Navios de 1908
Navios construídos na Pensilvânia
Navios construídos pela William Cramp & Sons
Couraçados da Marinha dos Estados Unidos

USS South Carolina (BB-26)


Fordaq est une plateforme de négoce en ligne et un quotidien international d'informations spécialisées sur la filière bois, diffusé en 14 langues dans 191 pays.

Histoire
Fordaq est un quotidien international d'informations spécialisé sur la filière bois, créé en 2000 à Bruxelles en Belgique. Les informations sont diffusées en 14 langues dans 191 pays.

L'entreprise lance en 2003 un site de vente en ligne, au développement limité. Après le rachat en 2006 du site IBH ("Internationale Holzbörse"), un réseau allemand international de négoce du bois créé en 1995 et implémenté en ligne en 1996, soit l'un des premiers sites de vente en ligne, Fordaq devient le premier site spécialisé dans le négoce du bois, où il partage son influence avec le site généraliste chinois Alibaba.

Description
Fordaq est une .

Cette plateforme permet l'accès à un annuaire, à des informations quotidiennes en ligne, à des agendas de ventes de bois en Europe, résultats des ventes, information sur les foires et salons du bois.

Des analyses et études sont également constituées pour donner des tendances sur les secteurs de la filière bois sur la scène mondiale. Les analyses sont reprises et déployées à travers des médias spécialisés et économiques.

C'est aussi une source de données douanières et réglementaires au niveau mondial.

Bibliographie

Notes et références

Annexes

Articles connexes

 Industrie du bois | Bois (matériau de construction)
 Gestion durable des forêts
 Forêt
 Écolabel | Écosociolabel
 Filière verte
 Cellulose
 Meuble
 Industrie papetière
 Pâte à papier

Liens externes
 Site officiel

Presse écrite en Belgique
Titre de presse créé en 2000
Arbre
Sylviculture
Bois
Économie de la forêt
Bois d'œuvre
Économie du bois
Charpenterie
Construction en bois
Grume
Sciage
Commerce électronique
Média de la filière bois

Fordaq


Lago Kandy es un lago en el corazón de la ciudad montañosa de Kandy, Sri Lanka. Fue construido en 1807 por el rey de Sri Vikrama Rajasinha de Sri Lanka junto al Templo del Diente. Con los años fue reducido de tamaño. Es un lago bajo protección, con actividades como la pesca, prohibidas. Hay muchas leyendas y folklore sobre el lago. Uno de ellos es que la pequeña isla en su centro fue utilizada por los Reyes helm para el baño y estaba conectado al palacio por un túnel secreto.

Véase también
 Geografía de Sri Lanka
 Geografía de Asia

Referencias

Enlaces externos
Mapa de localización

Lagos de Sri Lanka

Lago Kandy


Mariahilf (), Viyana'nın 6. merkez ilçesidir.

1000 yıllarında eski Roma Yolları'ndan biri de buradan geçmekteydi ve ilk yerleşimler de bu yol etrafında başlamıştır. O zamanlar bu bölgeye Schöff deniyormuş ama zamanla bu isim unutulmuş ve 1680'li yıllarında buraya yapılan Mariahilf adlı küçük bir kiliseden dolayı bu isimle anılır olmuştur. Mariahlif'i oluşturan bölgelerin geçmişi de en az bu ilçe kadar eskidir.

Gumpendorf 1130 yılında tarih sayfasına çıkmış ve buraya o zamanlar Romalılar tarafından gözetleme kuleleri inşa edilmiştir, 1798 yılında da Viyana'ya satılmıştır.

Magdalenengrund ise eskiden sadece üzüm bağları vardı ve ilk 1698 yıllarında yerleşime açılmıştır.

Laimgrube adı ilk kez 1291 yılında tarih sayfalarında görülmüş sürekli ismi değiştiği için geçmişinin 10. yüzyıla dayandığı tahmin edilmektedir, bu bölge eskiden tuğla üretim merkezi olarak tanınmıştır.

Windmühle'nin ise geçmişi ruhanidir, eskiden burada çeşitli Katolik tarikatlarına ait manastırlar bulunmaktaydı fakat bu dini binalar 1529 yılında I. Viyana Kuşatması'nda tahrip edilmiş ve yerine de yenileri yapılmamıştır. İmparator I. Ferdinand burasını birçok yel değirmeni (Alm. Windmühle) yapması karşılığında Johann Francolin adlı bir kişinin hizmetine vermiştir ama bir adet yel değirmeni yapılmıştır.

Bu 5 bölge 1850 yılında Mariahilf adı altında Viyana'ya bağlanmıştır fakat zamanla Wieden ve Neubau adlı diğer merkez ilçelerin ayrılması ile 1862 yılında kendi başına 6. merkez ilçe olarak kalmıştır.

Görülecek yerler
 Linke Wienzeile Evleri - Linke Wienzeile 40 adresindeki bazı yapıların dış yüzeyi ünlü mimar Otto Wagner tarafından bir dantel gibi işlenmiştir.
 Haus des Meeres - Birçok deniz canlısının bulunduğu Akvaryum Evi de diyebileceğimiz beton bir bina (Flagturm).
 Raimund Tiyatrosu - Viyana Sahneler Derneği'ne ait bir tiyatro salonu.
 Theater an der Wien - Viyana Sahneler Derneği'ne ait bir başka tiyatro salonu.
 Fillgraderstiege - Avrupa'nın en güzel 4. patika merdiven çıkışı.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Mariahilf (Almanca)

Viyana'nın ilçeleri

Mariahilf


Jarebika (oskoruša, lat. Sorbus), veliki biljni rod kojem pripada 360 vrsta listopadnih grmova i drveća iz porodice Rosaceae.

U Hrvatskoj raste oko osam vrsta, brašnava oskoruša ili mukinja, planinska oskoruša, mukinja planinska, patuljasta mukinja ili patuljasta jarebika ili mukinjica, domaća oskoruša, oskoruša divja ili brekinja i Velebitska oskoruša.

Ime roda dolazi po latinskoj rijeći sorbum, što je bio naziv za plodove oskoruše.

Vrste

 Sorbus albopilosa T.T.Yu & L.T.Lu
 Sorbus alnifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch
 Sorbus ambrozyana C.K.Schneid.
 Sorbus americana Marshall
 Sorbus amoena McAll.
 Sorbus arachnoidea Koehne
 Sorbus armeniaca Hedl.
 Sorbus aronioides Rehder
 Sorbus astateria (Cardot) Hand.-Mazz.
 Sorbus atrata Hedrén & J.Levin
 Sorbus atrosanguinea T.T.Yu & H.T.Tsai
 Sorbus aucuparia L.
 Sorbus bissetii McAll.
 Sorbus brevipetiolata T.H.Nguyên & Yakovlev
 Sorbus bulleyana McAll.
 Sorbus burtonsmithiorum Rushforth
 Sorbus californica Greene
 Sorbus caloneura (Stapf) Rehder
 Sorbus carmesina McAll.
 Sorbus cashmiriana Hedl.
 Sorbus chengii C.J.Qi
 Sorbus cinereopubescens McAll.
 Sorbus colchica Zinserl.
 Sorbus commixta Hedl.
 Sorbus coronata (Cardot) T.T.Yu & H.T.Tsai
 Sorbus corymbifera (Miq.) T.H.Nguyên & Yakovlev
 Sorbus coxii McAll.
 Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C.K.Schneid.
 Sorbus detergibilis Merr.
 Sorbus discolor (Maxim.) Maxim.
 Sorbus domugledica Kárpáti
 Sorbus dunnii Rehder
 Sorbus eburnea McAll.
 Sorbus eleonorae Aldasoro, Aedo & C.Navarro
 Sorbus ellipsoidalis McAll.
 Sorbus epidendron Hand.-Mazz.
 Sorbus esserteauana Koehne
 Sorbus fansipanensis McAll.
 Sorbus faohraei Hedrén & J.Levin
 Sorbus ferruginea (Wenz.) Rehder
 Sorbus filipes Hand.-Mazz.
 Sorbus folgneri (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder
 Sorbus foliolosa (Wall.) Spach
 Sorbus forrestii McAll. & Gillham
 Sorbus frutescens McAll.
 Sorbus gilgitana McAll.
 Sorbus glabriuscula McAll.
 Sorbus globosa T.T.Yu & H.T.Tsai
 Sorbus glomerulata Koehne
 Sorbus gonggashanica McAll.
 Sorbus gracilis (Siebold & Zucc.) K.Koch
 Sorbus granulosa (Bertol.) Rehder
 Sorbus guanii Rushforth
 Sorbus guanxianensis T.C.Ku
 Sorbus hajastana Gabrieljan
 Sorbus hedlundii C.K.Schneid.
 Sorbus helenae Koehne
 Sorbus hemsleyi (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder
 Sorbus henryi Rehder
 Sorbus herculis Kárpáti
 Sorbus heseltinei Rushforth
 Sorbus himalaica Gabrieljan
 Sorbus hudsonii Rushforth
 Sorbus hunanica C.J.Qi
 Sorbus hupehensis C.K.Schneid.
 Sorbus insignis (Hook.f.) Hedl.
 Sorbus karchungii Rushforth
 Sorbus keissleri (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder
 Sorbus khasiana (Decne.) Rehder
 Sorbus khumbuensis McAll.
 Sorbus kiukiangensis T.T.Yu
 Sorbus koehneana C.K.Schneid.
 Sorbus kohimensis (G.Watt ex C.B.Clarke) Rehder
 Sorbus kongboensis McAll.
 Sorbus kurzii (G.Watt ex Prain) C.K.Schneid.
 Sorbus kusnetzovii Zinserl.
 Sorbus lanata (D.Don) S.Schauer
 Sorbus lanpingensis L.T.Lu
 Sorbus ligustrifolia (A.Chev.) J.E.Vidal
 Sorbus lingshiensis Rushforth
 Sorbus longii Rushforth
 Sorbus luristanica (Bornm.) Schönb.-Tem.
 Sorbus macallisteri Rushforth
 Sorbus macrantha Merr.
 Sorbus maderensis (Lowe) Dode
 Sorbus matsumurana (Makino) Koehne
 Sorbus megalocarpa Rehder
 Sorbus meliosmifolia Rehder
 Sorbus microphylla (Wall. ex Hook.f.) Wenz.
 Sorbus monbeigii (Cardot) N.P.Balakr.
 Sorbus muliensis McAll.
 Sorbus needhamii Rushforth
 Sorbus nubium Hand.-Mazz.
 Sorbus obsoletidentata (Cardot) T.T.Yu
 Sorbus occidentalis (S.Watson) Greene
 Sorbus ochracea (Hand.-Mazz.) J.E.Vidal
 Sorbus oligodonta (Cardot) Hand.-Mazz.
 Sorbus olivacea McAll.
 Sorbus ovalis McAll.
 Sorbus pallescens Rehder
 Sorbus paniculata T.T.Yu & H.T.Tsai
 Sorbus parva McAll.
 Sorbus parvifructa McAll.
 Sorbus persica Hedl.
 Sorbus pontica Zaik.
 Sorbus poteriifolia Hand.-Mazz.
 Sorbus prattii Koehne
 Sorbus × proctoriana T.C.G.Rich
 Sorbus prunifolia W.B.Liao & H.J.Jing
 Sorbus pseudohupehensis McAll.
 Sorbus pseudovilmorinii McAll.
 Sorbus randaiensis (Hayata) Koidz.
 Sorbus reducta Diels
 Sorbus rehderiana Koehne
 Sorbus rinzenii Rushforth
 Sorbus rosea McAll.
 Sorbus rubescens McAll.
 Sorbus rufopilosa C.K.Schneid.
 Sorbus rushforthii McAll.
 Sorbus rutilans McAll.
 Sorbus sambucifolia (Cham. & Schltdl.) M.Roem.
 Sorbus sargentiana Koehne
 Sorbus scalaris Koehne
 Sorbus scopulina Greene
 Sorbus setschwanensis (C.K.Schneid.) Koehne
 Sorbus sharmae M.F.Watson, V.Manandhar & Rushforth
 Sorbus sitchensis M.Roem.
 Sorbus spongbergii Rushforth
 Sorbus subfusca (Ledeb. ex Nordm.) Boiss.
 Sorbus subochracea T.T.Yu & L.T.Lu
 Sorbus subulata (J.E.Vidal) T.H.Nguyên & Yakovlev
 Sorbus takhtajanii Gabrieljan
 Sorbus tamamschjanae Gabrieljan
 Sorbus tenuis McAll.
 Sorbus thibetica (Cardot) Hand.-Mazz.
 Sorbus thomsonii (King ex Hook.f.) Rehder
 Sorbus tianschanica Rupr.
 Sorbus tiantangensis X.M.Liu & C.L.Wang
 Sorbus tiliifolia H.Zare, Amini & Assadi
 Sorbus tsinlingensis C.L.Tang
 Sorbus turkestanica (Franch.) Hedl.
 Sorbus ulleungensis Chin S.Chang
 Sorbus ursina (Wall. ex G.Don) S.Schauer
 Sorbus verticillata Merr.
 Sorbus vestita (Wall. ex G.Don) Lodd.
 Sorbus vilmorinii C.K.Schneid.
 Sorbus wallichii (Hook.f.) T.T.Yu
 Sorbus wardii Merr.
 Sorbus wilsoniana C.K.Schneid.
 Sorbus yondeensis Rushforth
 Sorbus yuana Spongberg
 Sorbus zahlbruckneri (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder
 Sorbus zayuensis T.T.Yu & L.T.Lu

Catalogue of Life: 2019 Annual Checklist:
 Sorbus albopilosa
 Sorbus amabilis
 Sorbus americana
 Sorbus amoena
 Sorbus apicidens
 Sorbus arguta
 Sorbus armeniaca
 Sorbus arnoldiana
 Sorbus astateria
 Sorbus aucuparia
 Sorbus bissetii
 Sorbus brevipetiolata
 Sorbus bulleyana
 Sorbus burtonsmithiorum
 Sorbus calcicola
 Sorbus californica
 Sorbus carmesina
 Sorbus cashmiriana
 Sorbus cibagouensis
 Sorbus cinereopubescens
 Sorbus colchica
 Sorbus commixta
 Sorbus coronata
 Sorbus coxii
 Sorbus cuspidata
 Sorbus decora
 Sorbus discolor
 Sorbus dolichofoliolatus
 Sorbus dumosa
 Sorbus dunnii
 Sorbus eburnea
 Sorbus eleonorae
 Sorbus ellipsoidalis
 Sorbus esserteauiana
 Sorbus fansipanensis
 Sorbus filipes
 Sorbus foliolosa
 Sorbus frutescens
 Sorbus gilgitana
 Sorbus glabriuscula
 Sorbus globosa
 Sorbus glomerulata
 Sorbus gonggashanica
 Sorbus gracilis
 Sorbus groenlandica
 Sorbus guanii
 Sorbus guanxiensis
 Sorbus hajastana
 Sorbus hedlundii
 Sorbus helenae
 Sorbus heseltinei
 Sorbus hudsonii
 Sorbus hugh-mcallisteri
 Sorbus hupehensis
 Sorbus insignis
 Sorbus kachinensis
 Sorbus karchungii
 Sorbus keenanii
 Sorbus khumbuensis
 Sorbus kiukiangensis
 Sorbus koehneana
 Sorbus kongboensis
 Sorbus kurzii
 Sorbus kusnetzovii
 Sorbus lanata
 Sorbus lanpingensis
 Sorbus ligustrifolia
 Sorbus lingshiensis
 Sorbus longii
 Sorbus luristanica
 Sorbus macallisteri
 Sorbus macrantha
 Sorbus matsumurana
 Sorbus medogensis
 Sorbus megacarpa
 Sorbus megalocarpa
 Sorbus microphylla
 Sorbus monbeigii
 Sorbus muliensis
 Sorbus multijuga
 Sorbus needhamii
 Sorbus obsoletidentata
 Sorbus ochracea
 Sorbus oligodonta
 Sorbus olivacea
 Sorbus ovalis
 Sorbus pallescens
 Sorbus parva
 Sorbus parvifolia
 Sorbus parvifructa
 Sorbus paucijuga
 Sorbus paucinervia
 Sorbus persica
 Sorbus pontica
 Sorbus poteriifolia
 Sorbus prattii
 Sorbus prunifolia
 Sorbus pseudohupehensis
 Sorbus pseudovilmorinii
 Sorbus pteridophylla
 Sorbus randaiensis
 Sorbus reducta
 Sorbus rehderiana
 Sorbus rhombifolia
 Sorbus rinzenii
 Sorbus rosea
 Sorbus rubescens
 Sorbus rufopilosa
 Sorbus rushforthii
 Sorbus rutilans
 Sorbus salwinensis
 Sorbus sambucifolia
 Sorbus sargentiana
 Sorbus scalaris
 Sorbus scopulina
 Sorbus setschwanensis
 Sorbus sharmae
 Sorbus shirinensis
 Sorbus sitchensis
 Sorbus spongbergii
 Sorbus subfusca
 Sorbus subochracea
 Sorbus sujoyi
 Sorbus takhtajanii
 Sorbus tamamschjanae
 Sorbus tangoensis
 Sorbus tapashana
 Sorbus tenuis
 Sorbus thibetica
 Sorbus tianschanica
 Sorbus tiantangensis
 Sorbus tiliifolia
 Sorbus tsinlingensis
 Sorbus turkestanica
 Sorbus ursina
 Sorbus uzenensis
 Sorbus vilmorinii
 Sorbus wilsoniana
 Sorbus yokouchii
 Sorbus yondeensis
 Sorbus yuana
 Sorbus yunnanensis
 Sorbus zahlbruckneri
 Sorbus zayuensis

Vanjske poveznice

Izvori

Maleae

Jarebika


Blok za Hrvatsku, hrvatska je desna politička stranka. Sadašnji predsjednk stranke je dr. sc. Zlatko Hasanbegović.

Polazišta
Stranke se deklarirala kao "politička stranka izrasla na starčevićanskim tradicijama kao jasno definiranom i prepoznatljivom nacionalnopolitičkom izrazu prirodnoga i povijesnog prava hrvatskog naroda na vlastitu neovisnu i suverenu državu koja je nužni okvir slobode i prava svakoga Hrvata i svakog stanovnika Hrvatske."

Povijest
Stranka Blok za Hrvatsku osnovana je u Zagrebu 9. studenoga 2019. godine. Nakon razlaza s predsjednicom stranke Neovisni za Hrvatsku Brunom Esih u srpnju 2019. godine, Zlatko Hasanbegović napustio je tu stranku i s jednim dijelom članova bivše stranke osnovao je stranku Blok za Hrvatsku.

Izborni rezultati

Izvor: Državno izborno povjerenstvo

Povezani članci
 Stranka prava

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranačka stranica
 Facebook

Hrvatske političke stranke od 1989.

Blok za Hrvatsku


Die Saison 1934/35 war die vierte und letzte reguläre Saison der Central Hockey League (CHL). Meister wurden die St. Paul Saints.

Teamänderungen
 Die Duluth Hornets stellten den Spielbetrieb ein.
 Die Hibbing Miners stellten den Spielbetrieb ein.

Modus
In der regulären Saison absolvierten die drei Mannschaften jeweils zwischen 47 und 48 Spiele. Aufgrund der geringen Teilnehmerzahl spielte man in einem gemeinsamen Spielplan mit den Mannschaften der American Hockey Association. Für einen Sieg erhielt jede Mannschaft zwei Punkte, bei einem Unentschieden einen Punkt und bei einer Niederlage null Punkte.

Reguläre Saison

Tabelle
Abkürzungen: GP = Spiele, W = Siege, L = Niederlagen, T = Unentschieden, GF = Erzielte Tore, GA = Gegentore, Pts = Punkte

Weblinks
 Die Spielzeit bei hockeydb.com

Saison der Central Hockey League (1931–1935)
Eishockeysaison 1934/35

Central Hockey League 1934/35


Kvizoramin Srećko, prvi hrvatski magazin za enigmatsku promociju je bio hrvatski zagonetački list iz Zagreba. Prvi broj izašao je u prosincu  godine. Izlazio je mjesečno kao posebno izdanje Kvizorame do 1997. godine. Izdavač je bio Zrenik. ISSN je 1330-8939. Glavni urednik bio je Želimir Kušić.

Izvori

Zagrebački tisak
Hrvatski enigmatski tjednici

Kvizoramin Srećko


Ibrahim I () a fost un sultan al Imperiului Otoman între 1640 și 1648.

A fost fiul sultanului Ahmed I și al sultanei Kösem. Când avea doar doi ani, tatăl său a murit din cauza unor probleme gastrice, tronul fiind ocupat de unchiul lui Ibrahim, Mustafa I, fratele mai mic al lui Ahmed I. Prințul Ibrahim a devenit sultan în 1640, după moartea fratelui său, Murad al IV-lea.

Pasiunile sale excentrice au făcut să fie poreclit Ibrahim nebunul. În timpul domniei sale trezoreria statului s-a golit, mita și șantajul s-au generalizat la toate nivelurile administrației, iar valoarea monedei s-a degradat. Domnia lui dezastruoasă a luat sfârșit în 1648, el fiind executat în timpul unei revolte a corpului ienicerilor.

A fost căsătorit cu Hümaşah Sultan, singura sa soție legală, cu care a avut un fiu pe nume Orhan, care a trăit însă numai câteva luni.

Note

Sultani ai Imperiului Otoman

Ibrahim I


Les Naucoridae sont une famille d'insectes aquatiques hémiptères hétéroptères (punaises) népomorphes.

Description

Ce sont des punaises aquatiques, au corps aplati dorso-ventralement, légèrement convexe, ovoïdes-elliptiques, de couleur brun-noir à brun jaune. La tête est transverse et opistognathe, avec des antennes courtes de quatre articles, généralement invisibles depuis en dessus, un rostre court, qui ne dépasse pas le prosternum, des yeux grands qui touchent, voire recouvre les angles antérolatéraux du pronotum. Celui-ci est grand, subtrapézoïdal. Le scutellum, grand, est triangulaire. Les pattes antérieures sont ravisseuses, avec des fémurs aplatis et très élargis et les pattes arrière sont souvent modifiées pour la nage avec des franges ciliées. Les tarses antérieurs ont un à deux articles et sont souvent fusionnés avec le tibia. Les tarses médians et postérieurs ont deux articles. L'abdomen ne présente pas de processus respiratoire à son apex. Les membranes n'ont pas de veines. Leur taille est de .

Répartition et habitat
Cette famille est cosmopolite, principalement tropicale, mais s'est également étendue aux régions tempérées des deux hémisphères.

Elles vivent dans des mares ou des lacs, ou des cours d'eau lents à modérés.

Biologie
Ces punaises sont des prédateurs généralistes subaquatiques, qui se nourrissent de divers invertébrés, des larves de libellules, des mollusques, des corixidae, des larves de diptères (moustiques et autres).

Elles pondent leurs œufs sur des éléments végétaux ou des cailloux immergés.

La plupart des naucorides respirent en retenant de l'air sous leurs ailes, et en l'absorbant par des spiracles.

Systématique

Les Naucoridae sont classés dans la super-famille des Naucoroidea, avec les Potamocoridae et les Aphelocheiridae, deux familles auparavant considérées comme des sous-familles des Naucoridae. La monophylie des Naucoridae a été confirmée, mais son organisation interne en sous-familles et en tribus reste discutée. En effet, leurs caractères morphologiques peuvent découler d'un héritage commun ou d'évolutions convergentes, ce qui rend la classification délicate, de même que le phénomène d'espèces cryptiques.

Depuis la révision de Sites, elle contient huit sous-familles (auparavant six), 46 genres et 416 espèces, mais plusieurs espèces restent à décrire. La tribu des Ilyocorini est élevée au rang de sous-famille, les Ilyocorinae, et une nouvelle sous-famille est créée, les Macrocorinae. Les tribus des Sagrocorini et des Tanycricini sont supprimées, et d'autres créées (les Ctenipocorini, les Heleocorini, les Laccocorini, les Afronaucorini, les Asthenocorini, et les Idiocarini). De même, certains genres sont synonymisés, alors que d'autres sont créés.

De nombreux fossiles ont été découverts, les plus anciens remontant au Norien (Trias supérieur, -228 à -208 millions d'années) et au Pliensbachien (Jurassique inférieur, -191 à -183 millions d'années).

Liste des sous-familles, des tribus et des genres
Selon Sites :

Genres fossiles
Selon  :

Liens externes

Notes et références

Famille d'Hétéroptères (nom scientifique)
Nepomorpha
Taxon décrit en 1815

Naucoridae


STS-74 was the fourth mission of the US/Russian Shuttle-Mir Program, and the second docking of the Space Shuttle with Mir. Space Shuttle Atlantis lifted off from Kennedy Space Center launch pad 39A on 12 November 1995. The mission ended 8 days later with the landing of Atlantis back at Kennedy. It was the second in a series of seven straight missions to the station flown by Atlantis.

The shuttle delivered a pair of solar arrays along with the Russian-built Mir Docking Module to allow docking with the station by the space shuttle without moving ''Mirs Kristall module. During the three-day docking, the Russian, Canadian, and American crew transferred supplies and equipment between Atlantis and Mir, moved several long-term experiments, and upgraded the station with new equipment, particularly during the installation of the docking module.

Crew

Mission background

The crew's preparation for the mission had begun some thirteen months earlier in 1994, with the crew being trained in the operation of the space shuttle, the mating and docking procedures that would be required as Atlantis approached Mir later in the mission, and the management of the various scientific experiments being carried on the orbiter during the mission.

Preparation of Atlantis itself for mission STS-74 began with the replacement of three thrusters in Atlantiss right-hand Orbital Maneuvering System pod in bay 2 of the Orbiter Processing Facility on 25 August 1995. Installation of the three Space Shuttle Main Engines (SSMEs) on Atlantis was completed on 5 September 1995, as were closeout operations on the Russian docking module.

On 7 November, engineers determined that there was no additional work needed to verify the solid rocket boosters for flight, following discovery of small cracks in the hold-down posts attached to boosters that had flown earlier that year. Close inspections of the STS-74 stack determined that no such cracks were present on the boosters to be used for the mission.

Pad 39A was cleared on 9 November in preparation for loading of the onboard cryogenic tanks with the cryogenic oxygen and hydrogen reactants that provided electricity through the three onboard fuel cells, and water for the flight as a by-product.

The initial launch attempt, scheduled for 11 November 1995 at 7:56 am EST (12:56 UTC) was postponed due to poor weather at the Transatlantic Abort (TAL) site. The original launch window was 6 min 57 secs and the countdown had begun on schedule. The crew was on board when the postponement was called at the T-minus 5 minute mark at approximately 7:51 am EST (12:51 UTC).

Mission timeline

12 November (launch and flight day 1)

Following a poll of the mission management team at 7:12 am EST in which all stations (with the exception of the Shuttle Range Officer) returned a "go for launch" and the eventual clearance of the range for launch at 7:20 am EST, Atlantis raced into the sky at the beginning of a 10-minute, 9-second launch window following a flawless countdown with no unscheduled holds. The shuttle lifted off the pad at 7:30:43 am EST; the main engines were shut down at 7:39 am EST.

About 43 minutes after launch, a 2-minute and 13 second engine firing changed the shuttle's path into a 162 nautical mile circular orbit. Once on orbit, the five crew members began configuring Atlantis for on-orbit operations. Atlantiss payload bay doors were opened about 90 minutes into the flight, followed by a "go" for on-orbit operations.

Approximately three hours into the flight, Commander Ken Cameron and Pilot Jim Halsell fired the orbiter's reaction control thrusters in the first of a series of rendezvous burns that refined Atlantiss path towards Mir. Shortly after the burn, the first Canadian mission specialist, Chris Hadfield, activated the Russian-built docking module, housed in the shuttle's payload bay, ready for the docking of the module with Atlantis's Orbiter Docking System on flight day 2.

13 November (flight day 2)

The five-member crew aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis spent the bulk of their first full day in space readying the orbiter and its payloads for the  mating of the Russian docking module to the Orbiter Docking System in advance of the 15 November docking to Mir. Both the module and the docking system were located in Atlantiss payload bay.

Mission specialists Jerry Ross and Bill McArthur inspected the spacesuits they would don should a spacewalk become necessary during the mating or docking operations. Following the space suit inspection, Mission Specialist Chris Hadfield powered up the orbiter's robot arm in preparation for the next day's transfer of the docking module over to Atlantiss docking system. All systems affiliated with the robot arm operated as expected and were ready to support the mating.

The crew members also checked out the Advanced Space Vision System, a precise alignment system for the robot arm that was tested on STS-74. The OSVS, which was used during the mating operation, consisted of a series of large dots placed on the exterior of the docking module and the docking system.

The day's schedule also included the installation and alignment of the centerline camera in the centre of the Orbiter Docking System. The camera later assisted Commander Ken Cameron in final piloting tasks as Atlantis moved towards and docked with Mir. At 5:00 am CST (11:00 UTC) on day 2, Atlantis was about 4,000 statute miles behind Mir, and was closing in to the space station at a rate of about 380 statute miles per orbit.

Cameron, Hadfield and other available crew members also spent the morning answering questions posed by Canadian reporters located in Montreal and Toronto. Hadfield, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut, was the fourth Canadian astronaut to fly on the shuttle.

With all of the systems that were to put the Russian Docking Module in place for a flight day 4 link-up with Mir checked out and ready to go, the STS-74 crew settled down for 8 hours of sleep that afternoon.

14 November (flight day 3)

[[Image:Docking Module (STS-74).jpg|thumb|The Mir Docking Module, positioned in ''Atlantiss payload bay, ready to be docked to the Kristall module of space station Mir]]
On flight day 3, the STS-74 crew members successfully mated the 15-foot Russian built docking module with the shuttle's Orbiter Docking System. No problems were reported during the mating operation.

Chris Hadfield, a Canadian Space Agency astronaut and STS-74 mission specialist, used the shuttle's robot arm to hoist the docking module out of the aft portion of the payload bay, rotated it to a vertical position, and moved it to within five inches of the Orbiter Docking System. At that point, the shuttle fired its downward steering jets and moved the shuttle toward the docking module. Once the two spacecraft were locked together, the docking ring on the Orbiter Docking System retracted, and a series of hooks and latches were engaged to ensure an airtight seal between the two spacecraft.

The mating was confirmed at 1:17 am CST, with Atlantis over eastern Europe on its 30th orbit. Shortly after the capture, Commander Ken Cameron expressed the crew's appreciation for the training that prepared them for the docking module installation.

At about 3:00 am CST, the crew received a go from ground flight controllers to ungrapple the robot arm from the docking module. Shortly after that, crew members raised the orbiter's cabin pressure from 10.2 pounds per square inch to 14.7 psi. The cabin's pressure was lowered in the event that a problem during the mating process necessitated an emergency spacewalk.

Crew members also mounted a centerline camera into the top hatch of the docking module. The camera later provided the primary visual cue for Cameron as he maneuvered Atlantis to its docking with Mir on flight day four.

By 5:00 am EST, Atlantis was trailing Mir by about 1,450 statute miles and closing at a rate of about 180 statute miles every orbit. A series of rendezvous jet firings later further refined the closing rate, leading up to a docking with Mir at 06:27:38 UTC on 15 November.

15 November (flight day 4 and docking)Atlantis finally docked to Mir's Kristall module using the docking module's top androgynous unit on flight day 4. The tension was high aboard Atlantis as Cameron maneuvered the shuttle towards Mir using the orbiter's thrusters. Atlantis docked with Mir at 06:27:38 UTC following a faultless set of orbital maneuvers. After all the required checks had been completed and the hatches had been opened, the five shuttle astronauts moved into Mir, ready to carry out three days of combined operations with Mirs resident crew, Russian cosmonauts Yuri Gidzenko and Sergei Avdeyev (carrying out the Mir EO-20 expedition) and ESA astronaut Thomas Reiter (flying on the Euromir 95 expedition). The two crews greeted each other with handshakes and hugs before carrying out a traditional gift exchange, with flowers and chocolates being swapped between the crews.

16–19 November (flight days 5–8)

During the three days of combined Shuttle-Mir operations, Atlantiss crew transferred various items from the shuttle to the space station, including water, supplies, and equipment, along with two new solar arrays (one Russian and one jointly-developed) to upgrade Mir.

The crew also transferred various experiment samples, equipment for repair and analysis and products manufactured on Mir back to Atlantis for transfer back to Earth, along with the University of California Berkeley Trek Experiment which had been flying on orbit aboard Mir for the previous four years.

Meanwhile, flying aboard Atlantis was the GPP payload which consisted of two experiments – the GPP experiment and the Photogrammetric Appendage Structural Dynamics Experiment (PASDE). The payload was managed by Goddard Space Flight Center's Special Payloads Division. The GPP studied the Earth's thermosphere, ionosphere and mesosphere energetics and dynamics using broadband spectroscopy. GPP also studied spacecraft interactions with the atmosphere by observing shuttle and Mir glow, shuttle engine firings, water dumps and fuel cell purges.

Three PASDE canisters, located throughout the cargo bay, also photogrammetrically recorded structural response data of the Mir solar arrays during the docked phase of the mission. This data was later analyzed on the ground to verify the use of photogrammetric techniques to characterize the structural dynamics of the array, thus demonstrating that this technology would result in cost and risk reduction for the International Space Station.

At 08:15:44 UTC on 18 November, Atlantis undocked from the docking module's bottom androgynous unit, leaving the docking module permanently attached to the Kristall module, where it provided clearance between the shuttle and Mirs solar arrays during subsequent dockings.

20 November (flight day 9 and landing)

Flight day 9 consisted primarily of preparations for landing, and the landing itself. Atlantiss deorbit burn was performed on orbit 128 at around 11:00 am EST (16:00 UTC), leading to a landing at Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida, on Runway 33 of the Shuttle Landing Facility.

The main landing gear touched down at 12:01:27 pm EST (17:01:27 UTC) on 20 November, a mission elapsed time (MET) of 8 days 4 hours 30 minutes and 44 seconds. Nose gear touched down at 8 days 4 hours 30 minutes 54 seconds (12:01:37 pm EST – 17:01:37 UTC) and Atlantis wheels stopped at a MET of 8 days 4 hours 31 minutes 42 seconds (12:02:24 pm EST – 17:02:24 UTC), bringing the 73rd space shuttle mission to a close.

A second landing opportunity had been planned in case of bad weather, for a KSC landing at 1:37 pm EST with a deorbit burn at 12:36 pm on orbit 129, but it was not required.

See also

 List of human spaceflights
 List of human spaceflights to Mir
 List of Space Shuttle missions
 Outline of space science

References

External links
 NASA mission summary
 STS-74 Video Highlights

Space Shuttle missions
Spacecraft launched in 1995

STS-74