Afonso Celso de Assis Figueiredo, llamado Visconde de Ouro Preto, (Ouro Preto, 21 de febrero de 1836 — Río de Janeiro, 21 de diciembre de 1912), fue un abogado y político brasilero que dirigió el último gabinete ministerial en ejercicio del Imperio de Brasil en 1889.

Elegido senador del Imperio por la provincia de Minas Gerais, entró al Parlamento de Brasil en 1879, ocupando los cargos de secretario de Policía, inspector de la Tesorería Provincial y procurador. Partidario de la monarquía y del liberalismo, fue ministro de Marina y de Hacienda, habiéndose adherido también al abolicionismo. En premio a sus servicios, don Pedro II le dio a Assis Figueiredo el título de Vizconde de Ouro Preto en junio de 1888, fecha cuando asumió el poder su gabinete de ministros.

Siguiendo políticas favorables a la consolidación de la monarquía imperial Assis Figueiredo trató de mantener la adhesión de las élites terratenientes al Imperio. Ello resultó difícil pues la abolición de la esclavitud sin pago de indemnizaciones, como resultado de la Ley Áurea de mayo de 1888, había causado la impopularidad de la monarquía entre las élites políticas y financieras. Assis Figueiredo fue el último jefe de gobierno del Imperio y en tal condición quedó arrestado por la revuelta republicana del 15 de noviembre de 1889, partiendo de inmediato al exilio.

Pronto se le permitió volver a Brasil, donde se desempeñó como profesor de derecho civil en la Facultad Libre de Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais de Río de Janeiro, dedicando el resto de su vida a la enseñanza. Falleció en Río de Janeiro en 1912.

Referencias
 Biografía en el sitio web del Ministério de Hacienda de Brasil
 O Visconde de Ouro Preto, Afonso Celso De Assis Figueiredo''

Monárquicos de Brasil
Vizcondados de Brasil
Primeros ministros de Brasil
Ministros de Hacienda de Brasil
Ministros de la Marina de Brasil
Nacidos en Ouro Preto
Profesores de Derecho de Brasil

Vizconde de Ouro Preto


Chrysocolaptes is a genus of birds in the woodpecker family Picidae that are found in South and Southeast Asia.

The genus was introduced by  English zoologist Edward Blyth in 1843. The type species was subsequently designated as the Javan flameback (Chrysocolaptes strictus) by Scottish ornithologist Edward Hargitt in 1890. The genus name combines the Ancient Greek khrusos meaning "gold" and kolaptēs meaning "chiseller". The genus belongs to the tribe Campephilini in the subfamily Picinae and is sister to the orange-backed woodpecker, the only species in the genus Reinwardtipicus.

Species
The genus contains these nine species:

References

Bird genera
Taxa named by Edward Blyth

Chrysocolaptes


An Syngonanthus in uska genus han Liliopsida. An Syngonanthus in nahilalakip ha familia nga Eriocaulaceae.

Ilarom nga taxa

 Syngonanthus acephalus
 Syngonanthus albopulvinatus
 Syngonanthus allenii
 Syngonanthus amapensis
 Syngonanthus amazonicus
 Syngonanthus androsaceus
 Syngonanthus angolensis
 Syngonanthus anomalus
 Syngonanthus anthemidiflorus
 Syngonanthus appressus
 Syngonanthus aquaticus
 Syngonanthus arenarius
 Syngonanthus atrovirens
 Syngonanthus auripes
 Syngonanthus bartlettii
 Syngonanthus bellus
 Syngonanthus bianoensis
 Syngonanthus bicolor
 Syngonanthus biformis
 Syngonanthus bisumbellatus
 Syngonanthus blackii
 Syngonanthus bracteosus
 Syngonanthus cabralensis
 Syngonanthus cachimboensis
 Syngonanthus canaliculatus
 Syngonanthus capillaceus
 Syngonanthus caulescens
 Syngonanthus chapadensis
 Syngonanthus chrysanthus
 Syngonanthus costatus
 Syngonanthus cowanii
 Syngonanthus crassinervius
 Syngonanthus davidsei
 Syngonanthus decorus
 Syngonanthus densiflorus
 Syngonanthus densifolius
 Syngonanthus densus
 Syngonanthus diamantinensis
 Syngonanthus dichroanthus
 Syngonanthus duidae
 Syngonanthus egleri
 Syngonanthus exilis
 Syngonanthus fenestratus
 Syngonanthus ferrensis
 Syngonanthus filipes
 Syngonanthus fischerianus
 Syngonanthus flaviceps
 Syngonanthus flavidulus
 Syngonanthus fuscescens
 Syngonanthus garimpensis
 Syngonanthus glandulifer
 Syngonanthus goyazensis
 Syngonanthus gracilis
 Syngonanthus grao-mogolensis
 Syngonanthus helminthorrhizus
 Syngonanthus heteropeploides
 Syngonanthus heterotrichus
 Syngonanthus hirtellus
 Syngonanthus hondurensis
 Syngonanthus humbertii
 Syngonanthus humboldtii
 Syngonanthus hygrotrichus
 Syngonanthus insularis
 Syngonanthus inundatus
 Syngonanthus itambeensis
 Syngonanthus lagopodioides
 Syngonanthus lanatus
 Syngonanthus lanceolatus
 Syngonanthus laricifolius
 Syngonanthus latifolius
 Syngonanthus leprieurii
 Syngonanthus lisowskii
 Syngonanthus llanorum
 Syngonanthus longibracteatus
 Syngonanthus longipes
 Syngonanthus lundellianus
 Syngonanthus macrocephalus
 Syngonanthus macrolepis
 Syngonanthus manikaensis
 Syngonanthus marginatus
 Syngonanthus micropus
 Syngonanthus minutifolius
 Syngonanthus minutulus
 Syngonanthus minutus
 Syngonanthus multipes
 Syngonanthus mwinilungensis
 Syngonanthus nanus
 Syngonanthus ngoweensis
 Syngonanthus niger
 Syngonanthus nigroalbus
 Syngonanthus nitens
 Syngonanthus oblongus
 Syngonanthus oneillii
 Syngonanthus ottohuberi
 Syngonanthus pakaraimensis
 Syngonanthus paleaceus
 Syngonanthus pallens
 Syngonanthus pauciflorus
 Syngonanthus peruvianus
 Syngonanthus philcoxii
 Syngonanthus philodicoides
 Syngonanthus pittieri
 Syngonanthus planus
 Syngonanthus plumosus
 Syngonanthus poggeanus
 Syngonanthus pulchellus
 Syngonanthus pulcher
 Syngonanthus pulvinellus
 Syngonanthus quadrangularis
 Syngonanthus reclinatus
 Syngonanthus retrorsociliatus
 Syngonanthus retrorsus
 Syngonanthus rhizonema
 Syngonanthus robinsonii
 Syngonanthus schlechteri
 Syngonanthus schwackei
 Syngonanthus sclerophyllus
 Syngonanthus setifolius
 Syngonanthus sickii
 Syngonanthus simplex
 Syngonanthus sinuosus
 Syngonanthus spadiceus
 Syngonanthus spongiosus
 Syngonanthus surinamensis
 Syngonanthus tenuipes
 Syngonanthus tenuis
 Syngonanthus tiricensis
 Syngonanthus trichophyllus
 Syngonanthus umbellatus
 Syngonanthus upembaensis
 Syngonanthus wahlbergii
 Syngonanthus weddellii
 Syngonanthus welwitschii
 Syngonanthus verticillatus
 Syngonanthus widgrenianus
 Syngonanthus williamsii
 Syngonanthus xinguensis
 Syngonanthus yacuambensis

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Syngonanthus

Syngonanthus


Schloss Tigring steht etwas außerhalb der Ortschaft Tigring in der Gemeinde Moosburg in Kärnten. Das unter Johann Ernst Teutenhofen in den 1660er Jahren anstelle eines Gutshofes errichtete Schloss, dient seit 1967 als Bezirksaltersheim.

Der dreigeschossige Bau mit Mittelrisalit besitzt in der Mitte der Nordseite Treppenflügel. Der dreiachsige überhöhte Mittelteil an der südlichen Hauptfassade wird durch einen Dreiecksgiebel mit gemaltem Wappen und rahmenden Pilastern akzentuiert. Die Fenster des zweiten Geschosses weisen abwechselnd dreieckige und korbbogige Giebel auf.
Das Stiegenhaus ist tonnengewölbt.
Ein Raum des Erdgeschosses und zwei Räume des ersten Obergeschosses sind mit Deckenstuck von 1660 ausgestattet. Der Stuck des einen Raumes bildet eine Wappenkartusche mit dem Wappen der Teutenhofen, Festons, Ranken, geflügelten Hermen und in den Ecken Hähnen. Im zweiten Raum sind acht Adler, deren Flügel jeweils ein Medaillon einschließen, dargestellt.

Literatur
 Dehio-Handbuch. Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs. Kärnten, S. 957, Anton Schroll, Wien 2001; ISBN 3-7031-0712-X
 Bianca Kos: "Ein Traum - Das Biedermeier", Band 99, S. 64, Verlag des Geschichtsvereines für Kärnten, Klagenfurt 2010; ISBN 978-3-85454-117-2

Weblinks

Tigring
Baudenkmal (Kärnten)

Schloss Tigring


Semperviveae, tribus tustikovki ili žednjakovki kojemu pripadaju dva roda sa 59 vrsta. Tipični rod je  Sempervivum iz južne i jugoistočne Europe, Maroka i zapadne Azije (uključujući Kavkaz).

Rodovi
 Sempervivum L. (47 spp.)
 Petrosedum Grulich (12 spp.)

Izvori

Sempervivoideae

Semperviveae


Je M'en Fous Bilader, Ferhan Şensoy'un 1970 yılında yarı Fransızca yarı Türkçe yazdığı oyun.
Şensoy'un kurduğu Galatasaray Oyuncuları isimli amatör toplulukla Haldun Taner'in himayesinde, Devekuşu Kabare Tiyatro'sunun salonunda prova edilen oyun sadece bir kez Fenerbahçe tesislerinde, Galatasaray'ın bir akşam yemeğinde sergilendi.

Ferhan Şensoy oyunları
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan tiyatro oyunları
Afiş aranan tiyatro oyunları
1970 tiyatro oyunları

Je M'en Fous Bilader


A nu se confunda cu Întâlnire cu Meduza de Mircea Opriță
"Întâlnire cu Meduza" (engleză: A Meeting with Medusa) este o nuvelă științifico-fantastică scrisă de autorul britanic Arthur C. Clarke.  A apărut inițial în revista Playboy din decembrie  1971. "" a fost publicată în colecția de povestiri The Wind from the Sun (1972). În 1972 a primit Premiul Nebula pentru cea mai bună nuvelă și Premiul Seiun pentru cea mai bună povestire străină a anului.

În limba română a fost tradusă de Mihai-Dan Pavelescu  și a apărut în colecția de povestiri Lumina întunericului din 2002 în Colecția Sci-Fi a Editurii Teora.

Prezentare

Având loc parțial pe Pământ și parțial în atmosfera lui Jupiter, "Întâlnire cu Meduza" spune povestea lui Howard Falcon, căpitanul unui nou tip de aeronavă experimentală bazată pe heliu. Atunci când un accident provoacă prăbușirea navei, Falcon este rănit grav și durează un an pentru a se reface complet.

Mai târziu, Falcon dorește lansarea unei expediții pentru a explora atmosfera lui Jupiter. După câțiva ani și multe încercări, expediția a fost lansată, iar Falcon, la conducerea navei Kon-Tiki, o navă-balon cu hidrogen fierbinte, coboară prin atmosfera superioară a lui Jupiter.

Pe măsură ce nava coboară prin diferite straturi de nori, Falcon descoperă că atmosfera susține cel puțin două forme mari de viață. O formă de viață este o creatură uriașă (Meduza din titlul) de aproximativ o milă lungime, iar cealaltă rasă este asemănătoare diavolului de mare, cu o lățime de o sută de metri, care se pare că vânează Meduzele. În atmosferă se mai află un fel de plancton de aer microscopic și bioluminescent.

Meduza începe să-și manifeste interesul față de Kon-Tiki, iar pentru siguranța proprie și a expediției, Falcon folosește energia de urgență și evadează în atmosfera superioară.

După întoarcerea sa, cititorului îi este dezvăluit faptul că, din cauza accidentului, o mare parte din corpul lui Falcon a fost înlocuit cu proteze, transformându-l într-un cyborg cu viteză de reacție sporită, ceea ce îl face să se simtă distanțat de ceilalți oameni.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 1972 în literatură
 Saturn Rukh, un roman hard science fiction din 1997 de Robert L. Forward.

Povestiri americane
Povestiri de Arthur C. Clarke
Povestiri din 1971
Povestiri științifico-fantastice
Premiul Nebula
Jupiter în ficțiune
1971 în științifico-fantastic

Întâlnire cu Meduza


A Bolsa de Valores de Zagreb ou ZSE (em    ) é uma bolsa de valores localizada em Zagreb, Croácia. É a única bolsa de valores da Croácia. A bolsa negocia ações de empresas croatas, bem como títulos e letras comerciais.

A ZSE foi criada em 1991 como sucessora da "Bolsa de Valores de Zagreb para os bens e valores", que foi co-fundada por Samuel David Alexander em 1907. Em março de 2007, incorporou a VSE, formando um único mercado de capitais croata, líder na região por capitalização de mercado e volume de negócios. Em 31 de dezembro de 2016, a capitalização de mercado total da ZSE era de 232,4 bilhões de kn (€ 30,8 bilhão).

A bolsa tem pregões pré-mercado das 09h00 às 10h00 e pregões normais das 10h00 às 16h00 em todos os dias da semana, exceto sábados, domingos e feriados previamente declarados pela bolsa.

A Bolsa de Valores de Zagreb está localizada no arranha-céu Eurotower no cruzamento das ruas Vukovarska e Lučićeva.

A Bolsa de Valores de Zagreb é membro da Federação das Bolsas de Valores Euro-Asiáticas.

A Bolsa de Valores de Zagreb publica os seguintes índices:

 CROBEX, ações
 CROBIS, títulos

CROBIS
CROBIS é o índice oficial de títulos da Bolsa de Valores de Zagreb. O índice atualmente acompanha dez títulos bulleted com taxas de juros fixas, cada um com um valor nominal mínimo de € 75 milhões e com uma taxa de vencimento de pelo menos 18 meses. As revisões do índice são realizadas quatro vezes por ano.

Referências

Ligações externas

 CROBIS no site da Bolsa de Valores de Zagreb
 Gráfico CROBIS em Rast.hr
Bolsas de valores da Europa

Bolsa de Valores de Zagreb


Meanguera steht für:
 Meanguera (Morazán), Stadt im Departamento Morazán in El Salvador
 Isla Meanguera del Golfo, größte bewohnte Insel von El Salvador
 Meanguera del Golfo, die offizielle Bezeichnung der Gemeindeverwaltung auf der Insel
 Meanguera Canal 5, ein Fernsehsender in El Salvador

Meanguera


Loton Park est une maison de campagne près d'Alberbury, Shrewsbury dans le Shropshire, sur le cours supérieur de la rivière Severn. Il s'agit d'un bâtiment classé Grade II*. C'est le siège de la famille Leighton depuis 1391 .

Il se trouve dans 400 acres de parc qui comprend l'un des deux parcs à cerfs privés à rester dans le Shropshire et se distingue par sa population de Milan royal.

Histoire

Le domaine est mentionné dans le Domesday Book. Le noyau de la maison actuelle date du , bien que d'importants travaux de rénovation aient été effectués tout au long du . Les ruines d'un ancien château, construit en 1340, subsistent dans le parc .

La façade nord est construite en 1712 par Sir Edward Leighton,  baronnet, qui déplace son siège familial à cet endroit depuis le château de Wattlesborough, et est haut shérif du Shropshire en 1727. En 1805, le  baronnet reçoit le prince régent et le duc de Clarence à Loton. Baldwin Leighton (6e baronnet) est blessé pendant la guerre d'indépendance américaine, est brigadier au Portugal et gouverneur du château de Carrickfergus .

La maison est actuellement la maison de Sir Michael Leighton,  baronnet.

Le domaine est également important dans le sport automobile en tant qu'emplacement du Loton Park Hill Climb.

Architecture
Loton Hall est un bâtiment classé Grade II *, daté d'environ 1670. Une maison de campagne, à l'origine avec un plan en U, une grande aile est ajoutée au sud-est en 1872-1873. La maison est construite en briques rouges avec des pansements en grès rouge et gris et un toit en tuiles. La partie antérieure a une plinthe, des pierres d'angle, des pignons chanfreinés, à chape et à parapet avec faîteaux. Elle comprend deux étages, un sous-sol et des combles, et une façade de cinq travées, les travées extérieures en saillie et à pignon. Au centre se trouve une loggia-porche à trois travées qui a des arcs avec des impostes, des colonnes toscanes, un entablement et une balustrade. Au-dessus, la fenêtre centrale présente des colonnes corinthiennes et un fronton triangulaire brisé contenant un cartouche, et au-dessus se trouve une demi-lucarne à pignon. La dernière aile à droite a un étage avec des combles et neuf baies, et contient des pignons, des fenêtres à meneaux et à impostes et une baie vitrée à pans coupés sur toute la hauteur  .

Références

Liens externes

Monument classé de Grade II* dans le Shropshire

Loton Park


En skruedybel eller skruedyvel (anglisering (wall) plug, tysk Dübel) er en hul dybel som isættes et hul med formålet at fordele en skrues tryk, så skruen bedre forankres i fx en mur, grundet skruedyblens friktion og ydre fortanding med hullets inderside.

Skruedybler, som skal anvendes i lofter eller til ting som varmer, skal være brandsikre og lavet af varmebestandige materialer (klasse A). Skruedybler af plast vil smelte ved varmepåvirkning og fastgøringer vil derfor svigte.

Historie
Skruedyblen blev opfundet af John Joseph Rawlings mellem 1910 og 1911 og patenteret i 1911. Han grundlagde sit firma The Rawlplug Company i 1919. The Rawlplug Company skruedybler blev navngivet rawlplugs og dette navn er stadig varemærkebeskyttet. Rawlplugs og rawlplug ses hyppigt stavet forkert på dansk som rawplugs og rawplug.

Skruedybel varianter
 Plastdybel, plastdyvel, plastdübel - skruedybel lavet af plast.
 Nylondybel, nylondyvel, nylonplug, nylondübel - skruedybel lavet af nylon.
 Gipsdybel, gipsdyvel - skruedybel beregnet til forankring i gipsplader.
 Universaldybel, universaldyvel, universalplug - virker typisk til bl.a. beton, letbeton, tegl, gipsplader.
 Hulrumsdybel, hulrumsdyvel
 Kipdybel, kipdyvel, vippedybel, vippedyvel - anvendes typisk i loft eller væg, når der er hulrum over/bag. Egnet til stor last.
 klapdybel, klapdyvel - anvendes typisk i loft eller væg, når der er hulrum over/bag. Egnet til stor last.
 pladeekspansionsdybel, pladeekspansionsdyvel, pladeekspansionsplug

Se også
 Ankerbolt

Kilder/referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 12. maj 2010, idenyt.dk: Rawlplugs - sådan vælger du den rigtige
 17. dec 2008, ing.dk: Mystik omkring det nedfaldne loft på Næstved Handelsskole

Fastgøringsemner
Snedkeri
Byggeteknik

Skruedybel


වාමන Vamana ( සංස්කෘත : वामन) විෂ්ණු දෙවියන්ගේ පස්වන අවතාරය ලෙස සැලකේ.වාමන දෙවියන් විෂ්ණු දෙවියන්ගේ දශාවතාර වලින් එක් අවතාරයකි.

වාමන


منطقة معرة النعمان منطقة سورية إدارية تتبع محافظة إدلب  ومركزها مدينة معرة النعمان، بلغ تعداد سكان المنطقة 371,829 نسمة حسب التعداد السكاني لعام 2004 .

نواحي منطقة معرة النعمان
ناحية مركز معرة النعمان
ناحية كفر نبل
ناحية خان شيخون
ناحية سنجار
ناحية التمانعة
ناحية حيش

المراجع

منطقة معرة النعمان
معرة

منطقة معرة النعمان


Arabian bezeichnet:

 Monique Arabian,  französische Balletttänzerin und -lehrerin
 Arabian (Automarke), ehemalige US-amerikanische Automarke
 Arabian Prince (* 1965), US-amerikanischer Rapper und Produzent

Arabian


Les xinos sont des particules élémentaires hypothétiques, superpartenaires des  et donc des jauginos. Superpartenaires de bosons, ce seraient, selon les règles de la supersymétrie, des fermions de spin  et de masse non nulle. Ils n'ont pas encore été détectés.

Articles connexes
 Wino (particule)
 Yino (particule)
 Zino (particule)

Supersymétrie

Xino


Pat Duncan (born April 8, 1960) is a Canadian politician from Yukon. Duncan served as leader of the Yukon Liberal Party from 1998 to 2005 and as the sixth premier of Yukon from 2000 until 2002. Duncan was the first Liberal premier of the Yukon and the first female premier in the Yukon, the second woman in Canadian history to win the premiership of a province or territory through a general election, the first to do so by defeating an incumbent premier, and the first to do so by defeating a male opponent.

Duncan was appointed to the Senate of Canada on December 12, 2018.

Life before politics
Duncan was born in Edmonton, Alberta in 1960, and moved with her family to Whitehorse, Yukon in 1964. She graduated from Carleton University with a Bachelor of Arts in political science.

Professional background
Prior to entering politics, Duncan was a small business owner. She also served as executive director of the Whitehorse Chamber of Commerce. In the mid-1980s, Duncan served as a special assistant to Progressive Conservative Deputy Prime Minister Erik Nielsen. Duncan remained in this position until Nielsen's retirement in 1987.

Yukon politics
Duncan was first elected to the Yukon Legislative Assembly in the 1996 general election. Duncan was elected as a Liberal to represent the Porter Creek South riding, a riding located in Whitehorse. In the 1996 general election, Piers McDonald (New Democratic Party) won a majority government. Duncan was one of three Liberals elected. Liberal leader at the time, Ken Taylor, was unsuccessful in winning his Mount Lorne riding.

In 1998, Duncan was elected leader of the Yukon Liberal Party. From 1998-2000, Duncan served as the Leader of the Official Opposition in the legislature. In the 2000 general election Duncan led the Yukon Liberal Party to a majority government, defeating New Democratic incumbent Piers McDonald. The Liberals were elected in 10 ridings and received 42.7% of the popular vote. Early in 2002, the Liberal majority was reduced to a minority after the defection of three Liberal MLAs, Mike McLarnon, Don Roberts and Wayne Jim. The catalyst for the defections was reported to be Duncan's allegedly heavy-handed and secretive leadership style.

On October 4, 2002, only two years into Duncan's five-year term, she called a general election for November 4, 2002. The rationale for the election was to achieve certainty in the legislature, however many Yukoners were angered at the quick election. The Yukon Liberals were reduced to only one seat after the election - Duncan's own riding of Porter Creek South. Yukon Party leader Dennis Fentie, a former NDP MLA, led his new party to victory. The Liberals were reduced to third party status with Duncan as the sole Liberal MLA.

At the 2005 Yukon Liberal Party leadership convention, Duncan was defeated by Arthur Mitchell by a margin of 357 votes to 303. Citing health concerns, she did not seek re-election in the 2006 general election.

Electoral record

Yukon general election, 2002

| style="width: 130px" |Liberal
|Pat Duncan
|align="right"|408
|align="right"|51.7%
|align="right"|-12.5%

|NDP
|Paul Warner
|align="right"|80
|align="right"|10.1%
|align="right"|-0.7%
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="left" colspan=3|Total
!align="right"|789
!align="right"|100.0%
!align="right"|–

Yukon general election, 2000

|-

| style="width: 130px" |Liberal
|Pat Duncan
|align="right"|607
|align="right"|64.2%
|align="right"|+21.3%

|NDP
|Mark Dupuis
|align="right"|103
|align="right"|10.8%
|align="right"|-7.0%
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="left" colspan=3|Total
!align="right"|945
!align="right"|100.0%
!align="right"|–

Yukon general election, 1996

|-

| style="width: 130px" |Liberal
|Pat Duncan
|align="right"|435
|align="right"|42.9%
|align="right"|+15.0%

|NDP
|Mark Dupuis
|align="right"|181
|align="right"|17.8%
|align="right"|-7.8%
|- bgcolor="white"
!align="left" colspan=3|Total
!align="right"|1013
!align="right"|100.0%
!align="right"|–

References

Yukon Liberal Party MLAs
Premiers of Yukon
1960 births
Living people
Women MLAs in Yukon
University of Ottawa alumni
Canadian female first ministers
Politicians from Whitehorse
Politicians from Edmonton
Yukon Liberal Party leaders
Members of the Executive Council of Yukon
Women members of the Senate of Canada
20th-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian politicians
Independent Canadian senators
Canadian senators from Yukon
20th-century Canadian women politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians

Pat Duncan


Bahçeşehir, İstanbul'un Başakşehir ve Esenyurt ilçesinde yer alan bir semt. Küçükçekmece Gölü'nün kuzeybatısında yer alan TOKİ tarafından toplu konut projeleri çerçevesinde yapılaşmaya açıldığı son 15 yıl içinde planlı bir şekilde büyüyerek bir uydu kent halini alan Başakşehir, Türkiye'nin ilk uydukenti olarak tanımlanmıştır.

Bahçeşehir, nüfus yapısı açısından yüksek sosyoekonomik sınıfın egemen olduğu bir semt olarak tanımlanmıştır. Sahip olduğu çeşitli iş yerleri ve ofislerle de bir iş ve ticaret merkezi olma özelliği de taşımaktadır.

Tarihçe

Bahçeşehir'e ilk yerleşim 1994 yıllarında başlamış olup, o zamanki Emlak Bankası ve Mesa Nurol tarafından yapılmıştır. Bahçeşehir projesi 4.703.000 m²'lik alan içerisinde, toplam 15.400 konutun oluşacağı bir uydu kent projesi olarak planlanmıştır. Bahçeşehir'de yapılan son konutlar TOKİ tarafından yapılmıştır

Bahçeşehir projesi, 1996 yılında Birleşmiş Milletler Habitat II Konferası çerçevesinde, "Kurumsal Uygulamalar ve Projeler" ödülüne, 1997 yılında da Kanada'da "Yeni Kentsel Yerleşim Anlayışı" ödülüne layık görülmüştür.

Demografi
Bahçeşehir 1. kısmın 2021 verilerine göre 35.379 nüfusu vardır. Bahçeşehir 2. Kısımın ise 2021 verilerine göre 57.585 nüfusu vardır. Esenkent'in nüfusu ise 2022 verilerine göre 9710 nüfusu vardır. Bu verilere bakılarak Bahçeşehir semtinin 102.674 nüfusu olduğunu söyleyebiliriz.

Ulaşım
Bahçeşehir toplu konut alanı TEM Otoyolu ile İstanbul'un her semtine kesintisiz yollar ile bağlanmaktadır. Türkiye'yi Avrupa'ya bağlayan İstanbul-Edirne demiryolunun yaklaşık 3 kilometrelik kısmı bu alanın içinden geçmekte, Ispartakule tren istasyonu burada bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca, 23 Mayıs 2022 tarihi itibarı ile Bahçeşehir'den Halkalı Marmaray İstasyonu'na günde ikişer sefer olmak üzere yeni bir hat (B2 Halkalı - Bahçeşehir Banliyo Treni) hizmete girmiştir. Bölgede ulaşım genel olarak İETT otobüsleriyle sağlanmaktadır.

Altyapı

Bugüne kadar tamamlanmış ve faaliyete geçmiş 1 fen ve teknoloji lisesi, 4 özel ilk-orta öğretim okulu, 2 devlet ilköğretim okulu, 1 devlet lisesi, 2 özel lise, 2 sağlık merkezi (resmi-özel), karakol, amfitiyatro, PTT santralı ile kültür-eğlence ve alışveriş merkezleri semt sakinlerinin hizmetindedir.

Bahçeşehir'de kişi başına 12 m² yeşil alan düşmekte ve ağaçlandırmanın devamlılığını sağlamak için de 40.000 m²'lik bir alan fidanlık olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yeşil alanların sulanmasına kaynak sağlamak amacı ile atık su arıtma tesisi kurulmuştur, tesisin ana amacı hem çevre kirliliğini önlemek hem de yeşil alanların sulanmasına yardımcı olmaktır. Büyük bir yapay gölet, Bahçeşehir'in 300.000 m²'lik yeniden yapılanma alanı içerisinde yer almaktadır. Bahsi geçen 26.000 m²'lik göletin de yer aldığı komplekste, çeşitli restoranlar, özel kulüpler, bar, disko, çay bahçesi ve atlı spor alanı gibi tesisler bulunmaktadır.

Belediye
12 Aralık 1998 tarihinde Hoşdere köyünde "Bahçeşehir" adıyla belde belediyesi kuruldu. Kuruluşundan kısa bir süre sonra belediye, Avrupa Çevre Diploma (2001) ve Avrupa Şeref Bayrağı (2005) ödülleriyle ödüllendirilmiştir. Türkiye'de ilk kez aile hekimliği uygulaması, ilk kez bir kentteki bütün öğrenci, çocuk ve gençlerin "Çevre Müfettişi" olarak belediye başkanının yetkileriyle donatılmasıyla gönüllülüğünün sağlanması, PazarTürk isimli Türkiye'nin ilk modern halk pazarının kurulması ve bir kamu kurumunda ilk kez İSO 9001 Kalite Standartlarının uygulanması gibi birçok yeniliklere imza atılmıştır. Bu proje ve uygulamaları ile birlikte dönemin Bahçeşehir Belediye Başkanı, 2004 yerel seçimlerinde %74.2 oy oranı ile yeniden seçilmiştir.

Bahçeşehir Belediye Başkanları
 Kemal Aydın - Anavatan Partisi (1999-2009)

Bahçeşehir, 2008 yılında çıkarılan yasalar sonucunda belediye statüsünü kaybetmiştir. Şu anda Başakşehir ilçesine bağlıdır.

İlçe Olma Tartışması

Belediye statüsünü kaybedip yaklaşık 30 km ötedeki Başakşehir'e bağlanmaya itiraz eden Bahçeşehirliler, başta Bahçeşehirliler Derneği (BADER) olmak üzere çeşitli STK'lar aracılığıyla bu durumu dile getirdi. Buna karşılık 2011 yılında CHP milletvekili Ferit Mevlüt Aslanoğlu, Bahçeşehir'in ilçe olması için kanun teklifinde bulundu. Fakat kanun teklifi kabul edilmedi.

2023 yılına gelindiğinde Bahçeşehirliler Derneği; coğrafi şartları, demografik yapıları ile kent yaşamına dair talepleri ve sorunları benzer olan Bahçeşehir ile komşu mahalleleri Esenkent, Ispartakule, Tahtakale, Şahintepe, Şamlar, Aşık Veysel, Koza, Orhan Gazi, Deliklikaya, Ömerli, Hadımköy, Hastane, Sazlıbosna ve Yeşilbayır'ın birleşerek Bahçeşehir merkezli yeni bir ilçe kurulması için Change.org'dan bir imza kampanya başlattı.  Kısa sürede binlerce imza toplayan kampanyaya çeşitli siyasi partiler, STK ve muhtarlardan destek geldi.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Başakşehir'in mahalleleri

Bahçeşehir (semt)


Dražiniće (kyrillisch: Дражиниће) ist ein Dorf in Serbien.

Geographie und Bevölkerung
Das Dorf liegt in der Opština Kraljevo, im Okrug Raška. Dražiniće hatte bei der Volkszählung 2002 108 Einwohner, während es 1991 138 Einwohner waren. Nach den letzten drei Bevölkerungsstatistiken fällt die Einwohnerzahl weiter. Die Bevölkerung stellen orthodoxe Serben. Das Dorf besteht aus 29 Haushalten.

Demographie

Belege
 Knjiga 9, Stanovništvo, uporedni pregled broja stanovnika 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002, podaci po naseljima, Republički zavod za statistiku, Beograd, maj 2004, ISBN 86-84433-14-9
 Knjiga 1, Stanovništvo, nacionalna ili etnička pripadnost, podaci po naseljima, Republički zavod za statistiku, Beograd, Februar 2003, ISBN 86-84433-00-9
 Knjiga 2, Stanovništvo, pol i starost, podaci po naseljima, Republički zavod za statistiku, Beograd, Februar 2003, ISBN 86-84433-01-7

Ort in der Opština Kraljevo

Dražiniće


إريش ألفريد «بوبي» هارتمان  (19 أبريل 1922 - 20 سبتمبر 1993) لقبه «بوبي» بين زملائه ولقبه خصومه السوفيت «بالشيطان الأسود». هو طيار مقاتل ألماني أثناء الحرب العالمية الثانية. وهو الطيار البطل الذي حقق أكبر عدد من الانتصارات في تاريخ المعارك الجوية. فهو يدعي تحقيقه لـ 352 انتصارًا جويًا (منها 345 ضد القوات الجوية السوفيتية، 260 منها مقاتلات) خلال 1.404 مهمة قتالية. وشارك هارتمان في الاشتباكات الجوية 825 مرة أثناء خدمته للوفتفافه. واضطر هارتمان إلى الهبوط للأرض بطائرته المحطمة 14 مرة، وترجع أسباب تحطم طائراته الأربعة عشر إلى اصطدامهن بحطام الطائرات التي أصابها فأسقطها أو بسبب عطل ميكانيكي. ويدعي هارتمان إنه لم تسقطه أو تضطره إلى الهبوط نيران أي طائرة معادية.

وكان هارتمان يقود الطائرات الشراعية قبل الحرب. وبعد اندلاع الحرب، التحق باللوفتفافه عام 1940. وأكمل تدريبه كطيار مقاتل عام 1942. وأرسله رؤساؤه للانضمام إلى الجناح 52 ياغدغيشفادر 52 على الجبهة الشرقية. وكان هارتمان محظوظًا بتواجده في الياغدغيشفادر 52 تحت إشراف أكثر طياري اللوفتفافه المقاتلين خبرة. وطور هارتمان من أساليبه في الطيران بإرشادات ونصائح الطيارين في الياغدغيشفادر 52. وحصل على الصليب الحديدي في 25 أغسطس 1944 لتحقيقه 301 نصرًا جويًا.

وحقق أخر انتصاراته الجوية يوم 8 مايو 1945. واستسلم هو ورفاقه في الجناح 52 إلى القوات الأمريكية وانتهى به المطاف بتسليمه للجيش الأحمر. وفي محاولة للضغط عليه لكي يعمل لحساب جيش ألمانيا الشرقية - الصديقة للاتحاد السوفيتي - تم تلفيق تهم جرائم حرب له، وهي تهم اعتبرت باطلة في المحكمة السوفيتية التي حُوكم فيها. ولكن حكم عليه بالسجن لمدة 25 سنة أشغال مؤبدة، وقضى 10 سنوات متنقلاً بين العديد من معسكرات الاعتقال والعمل السوفيتية حتى أفرج عنه عام 1955. وفي 1956، انضم هارتمان إلى سلاح الجو الألماني الجديد في ألمانيا الغربية وأصبح أول قائد للجناح 71 «ياغدغيشفادر 71». واستقال من الجيش الألماني عام 1970 بسبب معارضته لإدخال طائرات إف-104 ستارفايتر الخدمة في سلاح الجو الألماني الغربي «البوندزلوفتفافه» مما أدي لصدامه مع رؤسائه. وقد مات في عام 1993.

بداية

وُلد إريش هارتمان في 19 أبريل 1922 في وايساك، فورتمبرغ. كان أبوه الطبيب ألفريد إريش
هارتمان وأمه إليزابيث فيلهيلمين ماشتهولف. وقد دفع الكساد الاقتصادي الكبير الذي أصاب العالم بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى أبوه إلى العمل في تشانغشا في الصين وقضى إريش طفولته المبكرة هناك. ولكن العائلة أضطرت للعودة مرة أخرى لألمانيا سنة 1928 بسبب الحرب الأهلية الصينية. وخلال الحرب العالمية الثانية، انضم ألفريد - أخو إريش الأصغر - لسلاح الجو الألماني وخدم على طائرة يانكرز 87 في شمال أفريقيا. ولكنه أسر بواسطة القوات البريطانية وقضى أربع سنوات مسجوناً كأسير حرب.

درس إريش في إحدى مدارس الشعب فولكسسكول في فايل إم شونبوك (أبريل 1928 - أبريل 1932)، وفي الغيمنازيم في بوبلينغين (أبريل 1932 - أبريل 1936)، وفي معهد التعليم الوطني السياسي في روتفيل (أبريل 1936 - أبريل 1937)، وفي الغيمنازيم بكورنتال (أبريل 1937 - أبريل 1940) الذي استلم منه شهادة الثانوية العامة «أبيتور». وفي كورنتال، قابل الفتاة التي سيتزوجها فيما بعد - أرسولا «أش» بايتش. وكان عمرها حينئذ 15 عاماً. وكان والديها يعارضان ارتبطاها بإريش في البداية.

بدأت حياة هارتمان في الطيران عندما إنضم لتدريبات بالطائرات الشراعية في سلاح الجو الألماني الوليد. وكانت معلمته أمه التي كانت من أول قائدي الطائرات الشراعية الإناث في ألمانيا. وقد امتلكت العائلة طائرة خفيفة ولكنهم اضطروا إلى بيعها عام 1932 بسبب انهيار الاقتصاد الألماني. ولكن صعود الحزب النازي عام 1933 أدي إلى دعم الحكومة للطيران الشراعي وفي عام 1936، شاركت إليزابيث هارتمان في تأسيس مدرسة طيران في فايل إم شونبوك حيث أصبح إريش فيها أحد المعلمين. وفي عام 1939 حصل على رخصة قيادة طائرات، مما سمح له بقيادة طائرات بمحركات.

حياته العسكرية

بدأ هارتمان تدريبه العسكري في 1 أكتوبر 1940 بفوج الطيران العاشر في بيونيرسكي. وفي 1 مارس 1941 إنضم لمدرسة الطيران الحربي في برلين-غاتو 2 حيث قام بأول طلعة طيران مع مدرب بعد أربع أيام من التحاقه بالمدرسة وبعد ثلاثة أسابيع بدأ الطيران بمفرده. وانهى هارتمان تدريبه الأساسي في أكتوبر 1941 وبدأ التدريب المتقدم في المدرسة الإعدادية للطيران الحربي 2 في 1 نوفمبر 1941. وتعلم هارتمان خطط القتال ومهارات استعمال رشاش الطائرة. وانهى تدريبه المتقدم في 31 يناير 1942 وتعلم قيادة مسرشميت ب‌اف 109 ما بين 1 مارس 1942 و20 أغسطس 1942 في مدرسة الطيارين المقاتلين 2 في زيربست/أنهالت.

ولم يكن هارتمان متدرباً جيداً يطيع أو يحترم مدربيه. ففي 31 مارس 1942، خلال إحدى التدريبات على رشاش الطائرة، تجاهل التعليمات وقام بعمل بحركات استعراضية بطائرته الب‌اف 109 فوق مطار زيربست. فعوقب بالحبس ثلاثة أشهر في غرفته وخصم ثلثي راتبه. وقد حكى هارتمان أن حبسه قد أنقذ حياته:

 إن حبسي في غرفتى هذا الأسبوع قد أنقذ حياتي. فقد كان من المقرر أن أذهب في طلعة جوية في عصر أحد أيام حبسي. وقد أسندت الطلعة إلى زميلي في الغرفة بدلاً مني الذي استخدم الطائرة التي كان من المفروض أن أقودها. وبعد طيرانه بفترة قصيرة، أثناء طيرانه في طريقه لميدان الرماية، تعرضت المحركات لعطل وسقطت الطائرة محطمة ومات زميلي في الحادث.

وبعد ذلك بدأ هارتمان التدريب بجدية. وبدأت مواهبه تتكشف لمدربيه ففي خلال أحد تدريبات الرماية في يونيو 1942، اسقط هدف مظلي بأربعة وعشرين طلقة بدلاً من الخمسين طلقة اللازمة لذلك. وقد أهله تدريبه لقيادة 17 نوع مختلف من الطائرات. وبعد تخرجه أُرسل في 21 أغسطس 1942 إلى غليفيتس بسيليزيا العليا حيث بقى حتى 10 أكتوبر 1942.

إلى الخطوط الأمامية

نُقل هارتمان إلى الجناح 52 المرابط في مايكوب على الجبهة الشرقية في الاتحاد السوفيتي. وكان الجناح مسلحاً بطائرات مسرشميت ب‌اف 109، ولكن هارتمان مثله مثل العديد من الطيارين في الجناح أعطوا مهمة قيادة طائرات اليونكرز 87 ستوكا إلى مروبل. وصادفت أول طلعة لهارتمان عطل في فرامل الطائرة مما أدي تحطم الطائرة الستوكا وتدمير برج المراقبة. وكان هارتمان يتبع المجموعة الثالثة للجناح 52 الذي يقودها الرائد هوبيرتوس فون بونين، وكانت تحت امرة الرقيب أول ذو الخبرة إدموند روسمان. كما إن هارتمان شارك الطلعات الجوية مع طيارين خبراء أخرى ن مثل ألفريد غريسلافيسكي وهانز دامرز ويوسف زفيرنيمان. وقد أدرك غريسلافيسكي بعد بضع أيام من التدريبات الجوية المكثفة أن هارتمان طيار فذ على الرغم من أنه يحتاج إلى الكثير ليتعلمه. ولكن روسمان هو من علم هارتمان أساسيات الهجوم الخاطف وهو الأسلوب الذي أدى بهارتمان إلى ابتكار أسلوبه الخاص «شاهد - قرر - هاجم - إكسر».

بدأ هارتمان أولى مهامه القتالية في 14 أكتوبر 1942، كطيار تابع لجناح روسمان، عندما واجه مع زملائه عشرة طائرات معادية تحلق أسفلهم. وكان هارتمان متحمساً جداً لبدء القتال وتحقيق أولى انتصاراته الجوية. فحلق بأقصى سرعته نحو طائرات العدو حتى ابتعد عن الجناح. واشتبك مع إحدى مقاتلات العدو ولكنه لم يستطلع أن يصيبها بأي طلقة، واصطدم بها تقريباً. ثم هرب تحت السحاب للاختباء. وانتهت مهمته الأولى بارتطام طائرته بالأرض بعد نفاذ الوقود. وعوقب هارتمان على خرقه لقواعد الاشتباك الأساسية بالعمل مع الطاقم الأرضي لمدة ثلاثة أيام. وبعد أثنين وعشرين يوماً، استطاع هارتمان تحقيق أولى انتصاراته الجوية، بإسقاطه طائرة إليوشن 2 تابعة للفوج الجوي التابع لحرس الهجوم الأرضي السابع. وبحلول نهاية 1942، استطاع هارتمان إضافة انتصار أخر لقائمة انتصاراته.

ولُُقب هارتمان بـ«بوبي» بسبب ملامحه الطفولية وبوبي هو اسم تدليل يعني الولد الصغير في اللغة الألمانية. وقد اعتاد والتر كروبينيسكي، الطيار البطل الذي كان زميلاً لهارتمان في الجناح، أن يقول له عندما يناديه: «هاي!، بوبي، اقترب أكثر!».

وفي 25 مايو 1943، استطاع إسقاط طائرة لافوشكين لا-5 قبل الارتطام بطائرة سوفيتية أخرى، ولكنه استطاع السيطرة على طائرته المحطمة. وفي 7 يوليو 1943، في المعركة الجوية الكبيرة التي حدثت خلال معركة كورسك، استطاع إسقاط سبع مقاتلات سوفيتية معادية. ومع بداية شهر أغسطس وصلت قائمة انتصاراته للرقم 50، ومع نهاية الشهر أضاف 48 أخرى. وفي الشهر الذي تلاه عُين هارتمان قائد السرب التاسع التابع للسرب 52.

وفي أولى سنوات خدمته، كان لديه القليل من الاحترام للطيارين الروس. فأدعى بأن معظم مهادف مدافع الطائرات السوفيتية غير مضبوطة وأن الطيارون يرسمونها على زجاج الطائرة باليد.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أسرى الحرب الألمان في الحرب العالمية الثانية الذين احتجزهم الاتحاد السوفيتي
أسرى حرب ألمان
أشخاص من ولاية فورتمبرغ الشعبية الحرة
أعضاء شباب هتلر
ألمان مغتربون في الصين
متقلدو وسام الفارس الصليبي الحديدي بأوراق البلوط والسيوف والماس
ضباط ألمانيا النازية
طيارو سلاح الجو الألماني
طيارو لوفتوافا
طيارون عسكريون ألمانيون
طياري الحرب العالمية الثانية الألمان الممييزين
عسكريون ألمان في الحرب العالمية الثانية
متلقو الصليب الذهبي الألماني
مزلق الطياريين
مواليد 1922
وفيات 1993
أفراد عسكريون من بادن-فورتمبيرغ

إريش هارتمان


The Cantiaci or Cantii were an Iron Age Celtic people living in Britain before the Roman conquest, and gave their name to a civitas of Roman Britain. They lived in the area now called Kent, in south-eastern England. Their capital was Durovernum Cantiacorum, now Canterbury.

They were bordered by the Regni to the west, and the Catuvellauni to the north.

Julius Caesar landed in Cantium in 55 and 54 BCE, the first Roman expeditions to Britain. He recounts in his De Bello Gallico v. 14:

Rulers

Pre-Roman Iron Age
Julius Caesar named five Celtic tribes inhabiting the land that would become the "heartland of the Catuvellauni": the Ancalites, the Bibroci, the Cassi, the Cenimagni, and the Segontiaci, each with their own "king" or chieftain. He found their way of life to be very similar to their cousins in Gaul with whom they were close – the invasion of Britain may have been triggered by the Britons' supply of arms to the Gauls, who were being subjugated by the Romans.

Caesar mentions four kings, Segovax, Carvilius, Cingetorix, and Taximagulus, who held power in Cantium at the time of his second expedition in 54 BCE. The British leader Cassivellaunus, besieged in his stronghold north of the Thames, sent a message to these four kings to attack the Roman naval camp as a distraction. The attack failed, a chieftain called Lugotorix was captured, and Cassivellaunus was forced to seek terms.

In the century between Caesar's expeditions and the conquest under Claudius (starting in 43 CE), kings in Britain began to issue coins stamped with their names. The following kings of the Cantiaci are known:

Dubnovellaunus: May have been an ally or sub-king of Tasciovanus of the Catuvellauni, or a son of Addedomarus of the Trinovantes; presented himself as a supplicant to Augustus  7 BCE.
Vosenius, ruled until c. 15 CE.
Eppillus, originally king of the Atrebates: Coins indicate he became king of the Cantiaci c. 15 CE, at the same time as his brother Verica became king of the Atrebates.
Cunobelinus, king of the Catuvellauni: Expanded his influence into Cantiaci territory.
Adminius, son of Cunobelinus: Seems to have ruled on his father's behalf, beginning c. 30 CE. Suetonius tells us he was exiled by Cunobelinus c. 40 CE, leading to Caligula's aborted invasion of Britain.
Anarevitos, known only from a coin discovered in 2010, probably a descendant of Eppillus and ruling c. 10 BCE – 20 CE.

Sub-Roman period
According to Nennius, Gwrangon was King of Kent in the time of Vortigern, until Vortigern took away the kingdom and gave it to Hengist; but Nennius is regarded as an untrustworthy source, and "Gwrangon seems to have been transported by the story-teller into Kent from Gwent" and "is turned into an imaginary King of Kent, secretly disposed of his realm in favour of Hengist, whose daughter Vortigern wished to marry".

See also
Iron Age tribes in Britain
List of Celtic tribes

References

Bibliography

Julius Caesar, De Bello Gallico
Suetonius, Lives of the Twelve Caesars
John Creighton (2000), Coins and power in Late Iron Age Britain, Cambridge University Press

External links
Cantiaci at Roman-Britain.co.uk
The History Files: Cantiaci / Cantii

Tribes involved in Julius Caesar's invasions of Britain
History of Kent

Cantiaci


Saint-Méloir-des-Ondes () ist eine französische Gemeinde mit  Einwohnern (Stand ) im Département Ille-et-Vilaine in der Region Bretagne. Die Bewohner werden Méloriens und Méloriennes genannt.

Geografie
Die Gemeinde liegt an der Baie du Mont-Saint-Michel, die das Gemeindegebiet im Osten begrenzt. Saint-Méloir-des-Ondes befindet sich südöstlich von Saint-Malo. Die Nachbargemeinden sind Saint-Coulomb und Cancale im Norden, Saint-Benoît-des-Ondes im Südosten, La Gouesnière und Saint-Père-Marc-en-Poulet im Süden, Saint-Jouan-des-Guérets im Südwesten und Saint-Malo im Westen.

Zur Gemeinde gehören die Weiler La Beuglais, La Ville Bague und Le Grand Porcon.

Der Bahnhof "Saint-Méloir - La Gouesnière - Cancale" an der Bahnstrecke Rennes–Saint-Malo befindet sich in La Gouesnière.

Geschichte
Zufällig entdeckte Werkzeuge deuten darauf hin, dass das Gebiet bereits seit frühgeschichtlichen Zeiten von Menschen besiedelt war. Zur Zeit der römischen Besatzung kreuzten sich hier zwei wichtige Römerstraßen. Ausgrabungen deuten auf die Existenz eines Vicus hin. Der Name Saint-Méloir wurde erstmals im Jahr 1032 erwähnt. Alain III. bestätigte damals in einem Dokument, dass seine verstorbenen Eltern in dem Ort eine Kirche namens Saint-Méloir gestiftet haben. Es ist also von einer Errichtung der Kirche um das Jahr 1000 auszugehen. Sie trägt den Namen des Mélar, einem bretonischen Heiligen, der im 6. Jahrhundert lebte. Im Mittelalter entstanden zahlreiche Dämme, sodass eine Ausweitung der Landwirtschaft möglich wurde. Es wurde vielfach Wein angebaut, bis ins 20. Jahrhundert hinein war auch der Anbau von Tabak verbreitet. Damals umfasste das Gemeindegebiet noch einen Großteil der heutigen Gemeinde Saint-Benoît-des-Ondes. Im November 1515 wurde in Saint-Méloir erstmals ein Taufregister geführt. Als der Ort gegen Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts zum Schauplatz der Hugenottenkriege wurde, wurde die lokale Burg zerstört. Die geografische Nähe zu Saint-Malo ermöglichte es den Bewohnern von Saint-Méloir, sich an den Raubzügen der Piraten zu beteiligen. Andererseits erwarben zahlreiche Bewohner der Stadt Landhäuser in Saint-Méloir. 1789 wurden im Zuge der Französischen Revolution auch in Saint-Méloir Cahiers de Doléances verfasst. Durch die Revolution musste die Kirche schließen. 1793 erhielt die Gemeinde als Folge der Revolution den Namen Méloir Richeux. Im 19. Jahrhundert wurde die alte Kirche abgerissen, die neue wurde 1860 eingeweiht.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung

Sehenswürdigkeiten
Im Ortszentrum befindet sich die aktuelle Kirche aus dem Jahr 1860. Früher existierten außerdem drei Kapellen. Rund um den Ortskern befinden sich zahlreiche Landhäuser, so genannte Manoirs. Nahe der Küste befinden sich drei Schlösser. Der Bau des Château du Vaulérault wurde von Ludwig XIV. in Auftrag gegeben. Wenig weiter südlich befindet sich das Château de Beauregard. Ganz im Süden befindet sich das zerstörte Château Richeux.

Siehe auch: Liste der Monuments historiques in Saint-Méloir-des-Ondes

Literatur
 Le Patrimoine des Communes d'Ille-et-Vilaine. Flohic Editions, Band 1, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-84234-072-8, S. 282–287.

Weblinks

 Die Gemeinde auf cassini.fr

Einzelnachweise

Ort in der Bretagne
Ersterwähnung 993

Saint-Méloir-des-Ondes


NGC 5653 est une galaxie spirale située dans la constellation du Bouvier. Sa vitesse par rapport au fond diffus cosmologique est de , ce qui correspond à une distance de Hubble de . NGC 5653 a été découverte par l'astronome germano-britannique William Herschel en 1785. Cette galaxie a aussi été observée par l'astronome américain Truman Safford le  et elle a été inscrite à l'Index Catalogue sous la cote IC 1026.

NGC 5653 présente une large raie HI et c'est une galaxie lumineuse dans l'infrarouge (LIRG). Selon la base de données Simbad, NGC 5653 renferme également des régions d'hydrogène ionisé.

À ce jour, neuf mesures non basées sur le décalage vers le rouge (redshift) donnent une distance de , ce qui est à l'intérieur des valeurs de la distance de Hubble.

Groupe de NGC 5653
NGC 5653 est la principale galaxie d'un groupe de galaxies qui porte son nom. Le groupe de NGC 5653 compte au moins 15 membres. Les autres galaxies du groupe sont NGC 5629, NGC 5635, NGC 5639, NGC 5641, NGC 5642, NGC 5657, NGC 5659, NGC 5672, NGC 5709 (= NGC 5703), NGC 5735, IC 4397, UGC 9253, UGC 9268 et UGC 9302.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du New General Catalogue

Liens externes

 NGC 5653 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

5653
Constellation du Bouvier
Galaxie spirale
Objet céleste découvert en 1785
Objet céleste découvert par William Herschel

NGC 5653


A ravenstone is a place of execution, akin to gallows.

Ravenstone may also refer to:

 Ravenstone (brand), a destination gift shop and online retailer

Ravenstone, Buckinghamshire, City of Milton Keynes, England
Ravenstone, Leicestershire, England
Ravenstone with Snibston, a civil parish in Leicestershire
Ravenstone (band)

Ravenstone


was a town located in Iishi District, Shimane Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 2,968 and 2300.77 persons per km². The total area was 1.29 km².

On January 1, 2005, Tonbara, along with the town of Akagi (also from Iishi District), was merged to create the town of Iinan.

Geography
The Kando River (神戸川) runs through Tonbara. Mt. Kotobiki (琴引山) is to the southeast, between Tonbara and Akagi in Iinan.

External links
Official website of Iinan

Dissolved municipalities of Shimane Prefecture

Tonbara, Shimane


العقار قد تعني الآتي:

 العَقَار  في القانون، هي الأشياء الثابتة كالأراضي والمباني التي لا يمكن نقلها دون تلف.
 العَقَّار  هي مادة كيميائية فعالة بيولوجياً تؤثر في وظائف الكائنات الحية.

عقار (توضيح)


මහා බිසෝ බණ්ඩාර දේවිය ( Maයනු මායාදුන්නේ රජගේ දියණියයි. පළමුවන  රාජසිංහ රජ ගේ නැගණියයි.සුරීය දේවියගේ සොයුරියයි.වීදිය බණ්ඩාරගේ නෑණන්ඩීයි.සීතාවක රාජධානිය යේ රැජිණිනියකි(1593-1594).නිකපිටියේ බණ්ඩාර කුමාරයා රාජ්‍යත්වයට පත් වන තෙක් රාජ්‍ය විචාරිය.

මහා බිසෝ බණ්ඩාර දේවිය


Judith Trepp (* 1941 in New York City) ist eine amerikanisch-schweizerische Malerin und Bildhauerin. Sie ist Vertreterin der Abstrakten Kunst.

Leben
Judith Trepp wurde als Judith Sklar in Manhattan (New York) geboren. Sie studierte am Bard College, wo sie mit dem Abstrakten Expressionismus in Berührung kam. Seit 1970 lebt und arbeitet die Künstlerin abwechselnd in der Schweiz und den USA.

Werke
In ihren Gemälden sieht man den Einfluss des Abstrakten Expressionismus, Bauhaus und Minimalismus. Trepps Werk ist charakterisiert durch den Dialog von Ruhe und Bewegung, von Fläche und Linie. Minimalistisch wirkende Schichtungen des Malgrunds werden kombiniert mit gestischen, expressiven Pinselstrichen.

Ausstellungen
 2011: Provincetown Art Museum (Solo Show), Provincetown MA, USA

Literatur
 Moderne Kunst und Neue Literatur. Ulrike Ulrich und Judith Trepp, 2004. Edition Art Forum Ute Barth, Zürich  ISBN 3-9522855-1-X
 Katalog "Judith Trepp - Beyond Line", Provincetown Art Museum, Provincetown Ma, USA 2011 ISBN 0-9797983-9-6

Weblinks
 ARTNET

 Ausstellungshinweis PAAM (Provincetown Art Museum) 2011 (PDF; 736 kB)
 Fredi Schiff Levin Lecture Series (PAAM 2011)
 Website der Künstlerin

Bildhauer (Schweiz)
Maler (Schweiz)
Bildhauer (Vereinigte Staaten)
Maler (Vereinigte Staaten)
Schweizer
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1941
Frau

Judith Trepp


Ruska ustavna kriza iz jeseni 1993. bila je politička kriza i u manjoj mjeri vojni sukob koji je nastao iz spora oko ustavnih ovlasti između ruskog predsjednika Borisa Jeljcina i ruskog parlamenta. Na vrhuncu krize, Rusiji je prijetilo propadanje u stanje građanskog rata što se zbog ruskog nuklearnog naoružanja sa zabrinutošću gledalo na zapadu.

Uzroci krize

Poslije raspada SSSR-a, te nakon što je Jeljcin postao prvi predsjednik Ruske Federacije, pokrenuo je niz radikalno-liberalnih reformi koje su "šok terapijom" trebale transformirati rusko gospodarstvo u modernu kapitalističku državu. Naličje tih reformi bilo je takvo da su mnogi ljudi ostali bez posla a zbog gospodarske krize koju je naslijedila iz osamdesetih godina, u državi se dogodila i značajna kriminalizacija društva. Istovremeno, ruskom građanstvu koje nije imalo iskustva s kapitalističkim sustavom, ponuđena je vaučerska privatizacija, po kojoj su građani dobivali vaučere koji su im garantirali dio vasništva u nekoj kompaniji. Budući da obični Rusi često nisu znali što raditi s njima, vaučere su često prodavali u bescjenje sumnjivim poduzetnicima, iz čega je nastala prva (odnosno Jeljcinova) generacija ruskih oligarha. Suprotno od njih, obično je stanovništvo zapadalo u sve veće siromaštvo, pa primjerice, ekonomistica Natalija Rimaševskaja piše da je "po parametrima potrošnje, rusko društvo bilo odbačeno 20 godina unazad, što je uzrokovalo teški društveni šok". Takvo stanje dovelo je do toga da sve popularniji postajali političari koji su pozivali na zaustavljanje reformi poput tadašnjeg predsjednika parlamenta Aleksandra Ruckoja i Ruslana Hazbulatova.

Izvori

Povijest Rusije
Raspad SSSR-a

Ruska ustavna kriza 1993.


The Qutb Minar complex are monuments and buildings from the Delhi Sultanate at Mehrauli in Delhi, India. Construction of the Qutub Minar "victory tower" in the complex, named after the religious figure Sufi Saint Khwaja Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki, was begun by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who later became the first Sultan of Delhi of the Mamluk dynasty (Gulam Vansh). It was continued by his successor Iltutmish (a.k.a. Altamash), and finally completed much later by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a Sultan of Delhi from the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1412) in 1368 AD. The Qubbat-ul-Islam Mosque (Dome of Islam), later corrupted into Quwwat-ul Islam, stands next to the Qutb Minar.

Many subsequent rulers, including the Tughlaqs, Alauddin Khalji and the British added structures to the complex. Apart from the Qutb Minar and the Quwwat ul-Islam Mosque, other structures in the complex include the Alai Darwaza gate, the Alai Minar and the Iron pillar.
Inside the complex lie the tombs of Iltutmish, Alauddin Khalji and Imam Zamin.

Today, the adjoining area spread over with a host of old monuments, including Balban's tomb, has been developed by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as the Mehrauli Archaeological Park, and INTACH has restored some 40 monuments in the Park. It is also the venue of the annual 'Qutub Festival', held in November–December, where artists, musicians and dancers perform over three days.

Alai Darwaza

The Alai Darwaza is a main gateway from southern side of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque. It was built by the second Khalji Sultan of Delhi, Ala-ud-din Khalji in 1311 AD, who also added a court to the pillared to the eastern side. The domed gateway is decorated with red sandstone and inlaid white marble decorations, inscriptions in Naskh script, latticed stone screens and showcases the remarkable craftsmanship of the Turkish artisans who worked on it. This is the first building in India to employ Islamic architecture principles in its construction and ornamentation.

The Slave dynasty did not employ true Islamic architecture styles and used false domes and false arches. This makes the Alai Darwaza, the earliest example of first true arches and true domes in India. It is considered to be one of the most important buildings built in the Delhi sultanate period. With its pointed arches and spearhead of fringes, identified as lotus buds, it adds grace to the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque to which it served as an entrance.

Qutb Minar

The Qutb Minar is inspired by the Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan, it is an important example of early Afghan architecture, which later evolved into Indo-Islamic Architecture. The Qutb Minar is 72.5 metres (239 ft) high, making it the tallest minaret in the world built of bricks. It has five distinct storeys, each marked by a projecting balcony carried on muqarnas corbel and tapers from a diameter 14.3 metres at the base to 2.7 metres at the top, which is 379 steps away. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with surrounding buildings and monuments.

Built as a Victory Tower, to celebrate the victory of Muhammad Ghori over the Rajput king, Prithviraj Chauhan, in 1192 AD, by his then viceroy, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, later the first Sultan of Mamluk dynasty. Its construction also marked the beginning of Muslim rule in India. It was built using red sandstone and marble. Inscriptions record that 27 Hindu and Jain temples were torn down and used for its creation. Even today the Qutb remains one of the most important "Towers of Victory" in the Islamic world. Aibak however, could only build the first storey, for this reason the lower storey is replete with eulogies to Muhammad Ghori. The next three floors were added by his son-in-law and successor, Iltutmish. The minar was first struck by lightning in 1368 AD, which knocked off its top storey, after that it was replaced by the existing two floors by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, a later Sultan of Delhi from 1351 to 1388, and faced with white marble and sandstone enhancing the distinctive variegated look of the minar, as seen in lower three storeys. Thus the structure displays a marked variation in architectural styles from Aibak to that of Tughlaq dynasty. The inside has intricate carvings of the verses from the Quran.

The minar made with numerous superimposed flanged and cylindrical shafts in the interior, and fluted columns on the exterior, which have a 40 cm thick veneer of red and buff coloured sandstone; all surrounded by bands of intricate carving in Kufic style of Islamic calligraphy, giving the minar the appearance of bundled reeds. It stands just outside the Quwwatul mosque, and an Arabic inscription suggests that it might have been built to serve as a place for the muezzin, to call the faithfuls for namaz. Also marking a progression in era, is the appearance of inscriptions in a bold and cursive Thuluth script of calligraphy on the Qutb Minar, distinguished by strokes that thicken on the top, as compared to Kufic in earlier part of the construction.

Inscriptions also indicate further repairs by Sultan Sikander Lodi in 1503, when it was struck by lightning once again. In 1802, the cupola on the top was thrown down and the whole pillar was damaged by an earthquake. It was repaired by Major R. Smith of the Royal Engineers who restored the Qutub Minar in 1823 replacing the cupola with a Bengali-style chhatri which was later removed by Governor General, Lord Hardinge in 1848, as it looked out of place, and now stands in the outer lawns of the complex, popularly known as Smith's Folly.

After an accident involving school children, entry to the Qutub Minar is closed to public since 1981, while Qutub archaeological area remains open for public. In 2004, Seismic monitors were installed on the minar, which revealed in 2005 Delhi earthquake, no damage or substantial record of shakes. The reason for this has been cited as the use of lime mortar and rubble masonry which absorbs the tremors; it is also built on rocky soil, which further protects it during earthquakes.

Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque

The Quwwat-ul-Islam () mosque, also known as the Qutub Mosque or the Great Mosque of Delhi, was commissioned by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, founder of the Mamluk or Slave dynasty and built using spolia from 27 temples. It was built over the site of a large temple located in the centre of a citadel.

It was the first mosque built in Delhi after the Islamic conquest of India and the oldest surviving example of Ghurids architecture in Indian subcontinent. The construction of this Jami Masjid (congregational mosque), started in the year 1193 AD, when Aibak was the commander of Muhammad Ghori's garrison that occupied Delhi. To leave the imprint of his religion to the new territory, Aibak decided to erect a mosque epitomising the might of Islam and chose his site, the heart of the captured Rajput citadel of Qila Rai Pithora. The Qutub Minar was built simultaneously with the mosque but appears to be a stand-alone structure, built as the 'Minar of Jami Masjid', for the muezzin to perform adhan, call for prayer, and also as a qutub, an Axis or Pole of Islam. It is reminiscent in style and design of the Adhai-din-ka Jhonpra or Ajmer mosque at Ajmer, Rajasthan, also built by Aibak during the same time, also constructed by demolishing earlier temples and a Sanskrit school, at the site.

Of the site selected by Aibak for the construction of a mosque, Ibn Battuta, the 14th century Arab traveller, says, before the taking of Delhi it had been a Hindu temple, which the Hindus called elbut-khana, but after that event it was used as a mosque'. Archaeological Survey of India states that the mosque was raised over the remains of a temple and, in addition, it was also constructed from materials taken from other demolished temples, a fact recorded on the main eastern entrance. According to a Persian inscription still on the inner eastern gateway, the mosque was built by the parts taken by destruction of twenty-seven Hindu temples built previously during the reigns of the Tomaras and Prithviraj Chauhan, and leaving certain parts of the temple outside the mosque proper. Historical records compiled by Muslim historian Maulana Hakim Saiyid Abdul Hai attest to the iconoclasm of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. This pattern of iconoclasm was common during his reign. Some medieval Muslim historians and travellers often ascribed the construction of the complex to Mamluk Sultan Iltutmish, rather than to Qutb ud-Din Aibak as is commonly accepted. Ibn Batuta also states that near the eastern gate of the mosque were two very big idols of copper connected together by stones. Every one who left the mosque treaded over them.

The mosque is one of the earliest extant mosques in India. The original dimensions of the mosque had a courtyard measuring  by . The prayer hall, located on the west measures  by . The mosque has grey colonnades made of greystone with three bays in east and two bays deep on the north and the south. Extensions were made to the mosque during 1296 when its dimensions in north and south were extended by . The famous iron pillar is located on the stone pavement in front of it, while Qutub Minar is located west of the main entrance. The central arch of the mosque is ogee in shape and is  wide and  tall. The side arches are smaller in size. The screen is sculpted with religious texts and floral patterns. Desai believes that the mosque was not constructed in scientific style but in Corbel style as indicated by the variations in the pattern of the arches.

The mosque is built on a raised and paved courtyard, measuring  × , surrounded by pillared cloisters added by Iltutmish between 1210 and 1220 AD. The stone screen between prayer hall and the courtyard, stood 16 mt at its highest was added in 1196 AD, the corbelled arches had Arabic inscriptions and motifs. Entrances to the courtyard, also uses ornate mandap dome from temples, whose pillars are used extensively throughout the edifice, and in the sanctuary beyond the tall arched screens. What survives today of the sanctuary on the western side are the arched screens in between, which once led to a series of aisles with low-domed ceilings for worshippers. Expansion of the mosque continued after the death of Qutb. Qutbuddin's successor Iltutmish, extended the original prayer hall screen by three more arches. By the time of Iltutmish, the Mamluk empire had stabilised enough that the Sultan could replace most of his conscripted Hindu masons with Muslims. This explains why the arches added under Iltutmish are stylistically more Islamic than the ones erected under Qutb's rule, also because the material used wasn't from demolished temples. Some additions to the mosque were also done by Alauddin Khalji, including the Alai Darwaza, the formal entrance to the mosque in red sandstone and white marble, and a court to the east of the mosque in 1300 AD.

The mosque is in ruins today but indigenous corbelled arches, floral motifs, and geometric patterns can be seen among the Islamic architectural structures. To the west of the Quwwat ul-Islam mosque is the tomb of Iltutmish which was built by the monarch in 1235.

Iron pillar

The iron pillar is one of the world's foremost metallurgical curiosities. The pillar, 7.21-metre high and weighing more than six tonnes, was originally erected by Chandragupta II Vikramaditya (375–414 AD) in front of a Vishnu Temple complex at Udayagiri around 402 AD, and later shifted by Anangpal in the 10th century CE from Udaygiri to its present location. Anangpal built a Vishnu Temple here and wanted this pillar to be a part of that temple.

The estimated weight of the decorative bell of the pillar is 646 kg while the main body weighs 5,865 kg, thus making the entire pillar weigh 6,511 kg. The pillar bears an inscription in Sanskrit in Brahmi script dating 4th century AD, which indicates that the pillar was set up as a Vishnudhvaja, standard of god, on the hill known as Vishnupada in memory of a mighty king named Chandra, believed to Chandragupta II. A deep socket on the top of this ornate capital suggests that probably an image of Garuda was fixed into it, as common in such flagpoles.

Tombs

Tomb of Shams al-Din Iltutmish
The tomb of the Delhi Sultanate ruler, Iltutmish, a second Sultan of Delhi (r. 1211–1236 AD), built 1235 CE, is also part of the Qutb Minar Complex in Mehrauli, New Delhi. The central chamber is a 9 mt. sq. and has squinches, suggesting the existence of a dome, which has since collapsed. The main cenotaph, in white marble, is placed on a raised platform in the centre of the chamber. The facade is known for its ornate carving, both at the entrance and the interior walls. The interior west wall has a prayer niche (mihrab) decorated with marble, and a rich amalgamation of Hindu motifs into Islamic architecture, such as bell-and-chain, tassel, lotus, diamond emblems.

In 1914, during excavations by Archaeological Survey of India's (ASI) Gordon Sanderson, the grave chamber was discovered. From the north of the tomb 20 steps lead down to the actual burial vault.

Tomb of Imam Zamin

The Tomb of Imam Zamin is a 16th-century tomb located in the Qutb Minar complex, Mehrauli, Delhi in India. It houses the tomb of Mohammad Ali (popularly known as Imam Zamin), an Islamic cleric who migrated from Turkestan to India during the reign of Sikandar Lodi. The tomb was built by Ali himself during the reign of Mughal emperor Humayun. This tomb has no relation with the other monuments of the complex.

Ala-ud-din Khilji's tomb and madrasa

At the back of the complex, southwest of the mosque, stands an L-shaped construction, consisting of Alauddin Khilji's tomb dating ca 1316 AD, and a madrasa, an Islamic seminary built by him. Khalji was the second Sultan of Delhi from Khalji dynasty, who ruled from 1296 to 1316 AD.

The central room of the building, which has his tomb, has now lost its dome, though many rooms of the seminary or college are intact, and since been restored. There were two small chambers connected to the tomb by passages on either side. Fergusson in his book suggested the existence, to the west of the tomb, of seven rooms, two of which had domes and windows. The remains of the tomb building suggest that there was an open courtyard on the south and west sides of the tomb building, and that one room in the north served as an entrance.

It was the first example in India, of a tomb standing alongside a madrasa. Nearby stands the Alai Minar, an ambitious tower, he started constructing to rival the Qutb Minar, though he died when only its first storey was built and its construction abandoned thereafter. It now stands, north of the mosque.

The tomb is in a very dilapidated condition. It is believed that Ala-ud-din's body was brought to the complex from Siri and buried in front of the mosque, which formed part of the madrasa adjoining the tomb. Firoz Shah Tughluq, who undertook repairs of the tomb complex, mentioned a mosque within the madrasa.

Alai Minar of Khalji

Alauddin Khalji started building the Alai Minar, after he had doubled the size of Quwwat ul-Islam mosque built before 1300AD. He conceived this tower to be two times higher than Qutb Minar in proportion with the enlarged mosque. The construction was however abandoned, just after the completion of the  first-story core; soon after the death of Alauddin in 1316, and never taken up by his successors of Khalji Dynasty. The first storey of the Alai Minar, a giant rubble masonry core, still stands today, which was evidently intended to be covered with dressed stone later on. Noted Sufi poet and saint of his times, Amir Khusro in his work, Tarikh-i-Alai, mentions Ala-ud-din's intentions to extend the mosque and also constructing another minar.

Other monuments
A short distance west of the enclosure, in Mehrauli village, is the Tomb of Adham Khan who, according to legend drove the beautiful Hindu singer Roopmati to suicide following the capture of Mandu in Madhya Pradesh. When Akbar the Great became displeased with him due to allegations of corruption and political disagreements, Akbar personally struck him down and had him twice heaved off a terrace in the Agra Fort to ensure his death . Several archaeological monuments dot the Mehrauli Archaeological Park, including the Balban's tomb, Jamali Kamali Mosque and Tomb.

There are some Mughal summer palaces in the area: the Zafar Mahal, the Jahaz Mahal next to Hauz-i-Shamsi lake, and the tombs of the later Mughal emperors of India, inside a royal enclosure near the dargah shrine of Sufi saint, Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki. Here an empty space between two of the tombs, sargah, was intended for the last Mughal emperor of India, Bahadur Shah Zafar who died in exile in Rangoon, Burma, in 1862, following his implication in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Also standing nearby is the Moti Masjid mosque in white marble.

Gallery

See also
 Indian architecture
 Islamic architecture
 Mehrauli Archaeological Park

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

 The World heritage complex of the Qutub, by R. Balasubramaniam. Aryan Books International, 2005. .

External links

 Entry in the UNESCO World Heritage Site List
 Qutub Minar
 Quwwat Al-Islam Mosque
 Corrosion resistance of Delhi iron pillar
 Nondestructive evaluation of the Delhi iron pillar Current Science, Indian Academy of Sciences, Vol. 88, No. 12, 25 June 2005 (PDF)
 Photo gallery of the Qutb complex

Monuments of National Importance in Delhi
Architecture of the Delhi Sultanate
Tourist attractions in Delhi
Mosques in Delhi
Mehrauli
World Heritage Sites in India

Qutb Minar complex


Gondol har flere betydninger:

En bådtype, se gondol (bådtype).
En beholder til passagerer eller varer på et luftskib.
En beholder til passagerer og varer under en ballon.
En beholder til passagerer eller varer  på en gondolbane.
En beholder til passagerer i visse tivoliforlystelser, fx pariserhjul.
Et stativ til udstilling af varer.

Gondol


سحابة صيف،  مسلسل اجتماعي معاصر، يعالج معاناة المهجرين من الفلسطينيين والعراقيين وأهل الجولان، والذين يسكنون جميعاً مع أهالي دمشق والمحافظات في مناطق المخالفات والسكن العشوائي. ويصور المسلسل همومهم ومعاناتهم إضافة إلى تعاونهم.

يعرض المسلسل لبعض النماذج السلبية التي تستغل الظروف السيئة لهؤلاء المنكوبين ولكنها تلقى جزاءها في النهاية، كما يكشف المسلسل حالات الفساد في مكاتب السفر والسياحة وشركة الطيران وبالأخص من قبل بعض الانتهازيين فيها.

مراجع

مسلسلات تلفزيونية سورية

سحابة صيف (مسلسل)


أسامة المشيني (1950 - 31 مايو 1985)، ممثل أردني، اشتهر بأدوار مختلفة في مسلسلات عقد الثمانينيات في الأردن.

الولادة والنشأة
ولد أسامة إسحاق عودة المشيني في عمان في عام 1950 لعائلة فنية أردنية من أصل فلسطيني، فوالده الإذاعي إسحاق المشيني وشقيقاه كل من الفنان نبيل المشيني والفنان غسان المشيني. جذبته الانشطة المدرسية الفنية وظهرت بوادر موهبته من خلال بعض الأعمال المسرحية والاحتفالات التي تقيمها المدرسة. واستمر في دراسته ففضل دراسة الفرع الأدبي على الفرع العلمي، لانسجامه مع اهتماماته الفنية والادبية.

مسيرته الفنية
خلال المرحلة الثانوية بدأ بالتمثيل المحترف على خشبة المسرح وعمل مع رائد المسرح الأردني هاني صنوبر وأفاد منه كثيراً، حيث قدم معه مسرحية أفول القمر عام 1968م، وكان لهذه المسرحية رواج ملحوظ، حيث قدمت أسامة المشيني للجمهور، ولنخبة الفنانين والمثقفين، وبذلك تقدم خطوة واسعة نحو احتراف التمثيل، وأصبح عضواً في فرقة أسرة المسرح الأردني التي أسسها هاني صنوبر، عند تأسيس دائرة الثقافة والفنون، التي كانت تقوم بعمل وزارة الثقافة، بل كانت البؤرة التي ولدت منها وزارة الثقافة في ثمانينيات القرن الماضي.

قدم أسامة المشيني عدداً من الأعمال المسرحية، قبل أن يزدهر المسلسل التلفزيوني، ويأخذه من الخشبة إلى فضاء الشاشة الصغيرة، حيث قدم مسرحية موتى بلا قبور عام 1968م أيضاً، وفي العام 1970م لعب دوراً مهماً في مسرحية سيدة الفجر التي أنتجتها دائرة الثقافة والفنون الأردنية، وقد كان لسحر العمل في التمثيل، ومتطلبات التفرغ له، خاصة في الدخول المبكر لأسامة لهذا العالم، أن حال بينه وبين إكمال دراسته الجامعية مكتفياً بشهادة الثانوية العامة في الفرع الأدبي.

من أعمال أسامة التلفزيونية مسلسل «عروة بن الورد» (أواخر السبعينيات من القرن الماضي) الذي حاز جائزة ليبية بعد وفاة بطله، والمسلسل البدوي «راس غليص» الذي أنتجه التلفزيون الأردني عام 1976، وهو من تأليف الدكتور أحمد عويدي العبادي، إضافة لمسلسل التاريخي سيف بن ذي يزن.

ومن أعماله الإذاعية مسلسل «الأبواب المغلقة» مع السيدة قمر الصفدي، وهو مأخوذ عن قصة بهذا الاسم للقصاص المصري الراحل أمين يوسف غراب.

قدم أعمالاً مميزة في تاريخ الدراما العربية، مثل مسلسلات «تل العناب» و» المعتمد بن عباد» و» محاكمة عبد الله بن المقفع» و» شمس الأغوار».
سافر أسامة إلى دولة الكويت، عندما كان شقيقه نبيل المشيني يعمل مذيعاً في التلفزيون الكويتي، ونظراً لما تمتع به من سمات شخصية، وقدرات تمثيلية، اختير لتمثيل دور مهم في مسلسل قيس ولبنى الذي أنتجته الكويت، مع مخرج مصري وعدد من نجوم الدراما العربية، وكان ذلك عام 1974م، ويعد هذا العمل عتبة صلبة تقدم من خلالها لبطولة مسلسلات تاريخية واجتماعية كبيرة.

تسابقت شركات الإنتاج للعمل معه، فقد أنتجت مؤسسة الخليج عددا من المسلسلات، التي شوهدت على نطاق واسع من خلال شاشات عربية كثيرة، وكانت هذه الأعمال ذات صبغة أردنية في الغالب، وتعد أعمالاً أردنية بإنتاج عربي، وبمشاركة عربية، ومن هذه الأعمال رأس غليص 1975م، ومسلسل الخنساء 1977م، ومسلسل عروة بن الورد 1978م، ومسلسل «شجرة الدر» 1979م، وأنتجت أبو ظبي مسلسل أبو فراس الحمداني 1980م.

وفاته
توفي في الولايات المتحدة في 31 مايو 1985 عندما أطلق عليه الرصاص أحد أقاربه فقضى نحبه وهو في عنفوان الشباب، ونقل جثمانه إلى الأردن حيث كان في استقباله العديد من الفنانين الأردنيين وعائلته ومحبيه. أطلقت وزارة الثقافة الأردنية في عام 1989 على المسرح الذي في جبل اللويبدة اسم مسرح أسامة المشيني تكريما له.

وصلات وروابط
ومضات ثقافية من حياة الراحل أسامة المشيني، لوزارة الثقافة الأردنية.

مصادر ومراجع

وصلات خارجية

ممثلون وممثلات أردنيون
مواليد 1950
وفيات 1405 هـ
وفيات 1985

أسامة المشيني