Joseph Steven Sakic (; born July 7, 1969) is a Canadian professional ice hockey executive and former player. He played his entire 21-year National Hockey League (NHL) career, which lasted from 1988 to 2009, with the Quebec Nordiques/Colorado Avalanche franchise. Named captain of the team in 1992 (after serving as a co-captain in 1990–91), Sakic is regarded as one of the greatest team leaders in league history and was able to consistently motivate his team to play at a winning level. Nicknamed "Burnaby Joe", Sakic was named to play in 13 NHL All-Star Games and selected to the NHL First All-Star Team at centre three times. Sakic led the Avalanche to Stanley Cup titles in 1996 and 2001, being named the most valuable player of the 1996 playoffs, and honoured as the MVP of the NHL in 2001 by the hockey writers and his fellow players. He is one of six players to participate in the first two of the team's Stanley Cup victories, and won a third Stanley Cup with the Avalanche in 2022 while serving as the team's general manager. Sakic became the third person, after Milt Schmidt and Serge Savard, to win a Stanley Cup with the same franchise as a player and general manager.

Over his career, Sakic was one of the most productive forwards in the game, scored 50 goals twice and earning at least 100 points in six different seasons. His wrist shot, considered one of the best in the NHL, was the source of much of his production as goalies around the league feared his rapid snap-shot release. At the conclusion of the 2008–09 NHL season, he was the eighth all-time points leader in the NHL, as well as 14th in all-time goals and 11th in all-time assists. During the 2002 Winter Olympics, Sakic helped lead Team Canada to its first ice hockey gold medal in 50 years, and was voted as the tournament's most valuable player. He represented the team in six other international competitions, including the 1998 and 2006 Winter Olympics.

Sakic retired from the NHL in 2009, and had his jersey number #19 retired prior to the Avalanche's 2009–10 season opener. In 2012 Sakic was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2013 Sakic was inducted into the Canada Sports Hall of Fame. In 2017, Sakic was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. He was also inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame in 2017.

Following the end of his playing career, Sakic continued with the Avalanche organization in a management capacity, first serving as executive advisor and alternate governor from 2011 to 2013. He was promoted to executive vice president of hockey operations on May 10, 2013, and named general manager the following year. After overseeing a team rebuild culminating in the franchise's third Stanley Cup victory in 2022, Sakic won the Jim Gregory General Manager of the Year Award. The team announced shortly thereafter that he was being promoted to president of hockey operations.

Early life
Sakic was born in Burnaby, British Columbia, to Marijan and Slavica Šakić  (originally Šakić, ), immigrants from Croatia. Growing up in Burnaby, he did not learn to speak English well until kindergarten, having been raised with Croatian as his mother tongue. At the age of four, Sakic attended his first NHL game, a match between the Vancouver Canucks and Atlanta Flames; after watching the game, Sakic decided that he wanted to become a hockey player. As a smaller player, he was forced to use skill rather than size to excel, and modelled himself after his idol, Wayne Gretzky. After showing exceptional promise as a young hockey player in Burnaby, Sakic was referenced as a new Wayne Gretzky in the making. He scored 83 goals and 156 points in 80 games for Burnaby while attending school at Burnaby North Secondary. Soon after, he was added to the Lethbridge Broncos of the Western Hockey League (WHL) for the last part of the 1985–86 season.

During the 1986–87 season, the Broncos relocated to Swift Current, Saskatchewan, becoming the Swift Current Broncos. Sakic, playing in his first full season, scored 60 goals and 73 assists for 133 points. These totals saw him named the Rookie of the Year of the WHL. But while Sakic enjoyed success on the ice, he and his team faced a tragedy on the night of December 30, 1986. The Broncos were driving to a game against the Regina Pats, and due to bad weather conditions, the bus crashed after the driver lost control on a patch of black ice outside of Swift Current. While Sakic was unharmed, four of his teammates (Trent Kresse, Scott Kruger, Chris Mantyka, and Brent Ruff) were killed. This incident had a lasting impact on the young Sakic, who declined to talk about the crash throughout his career. The next year, in 1987–88, Sakic was named the WHL Most Valuable Player and Canadian Major Junior Player of the Year. He scored 160 points (78 goals, 82 assists), tying him with Theoren Fleury of the Moose Jaw Warriors for the WHL scoring title.

NHL career

Quebec Nordiques
Sakic was drafted 15th overall by the Quebec Nordiques in the 1987 NHL Entry Draft, a pick the Nordiques received when they traded away Dale Hunter and Clint Malarchuk to the Washington Capitals. Rather than make the immediate jump, he told the Nordiques management he would prefer to spend the 1987–88 season in Swift Current to prepare for the NHL. He made his NHL debut on October 6, 1988, against the Hartford Whalers and registered an assist. His first NHL goal came two days later against goaltender Sean Burke of the New Jersey Devils. During the season, he wore #88 because his preferred number, #19 was already taken by a teammate, Alain Côté. While considered a front-runner for the Calder Memorial Trophy as rookie of the year due to his rapid scoring pace, an ankle injury that forced him to miss 10 games in December and the resulting scoring slump helped quash any hopes of winning the award. He would finish his rookie season with 62 points in 70 games, and finishing eighth in voting for the Calder; defenceman Brian Leetch, who won the rookie scoring race with 28 goals and 48 assists, won with forty-two first-place votes, while Sakic only received two third-place votes.

In 1989–90, his second NHL season, Sakic was able to switch his number back to his familiar #19 (Alain Côté had retired over the summer), and scored 102 points, which was ninth overall in the league, becoming the first player in NHL history to score 100 points on a last place team. At the start of the next season, 1990–91, he was named co-captain along with Steven Finn (Sakic was captain for home games, Finn for away games) and again passed the 100 point mark, improving to 109 points and sixth overall in the league, but would slip during 1991–92 to 94 points, having missed 11 games. Early on in the season, Sakic showed some of his leadership qualities, even while Mike Hough was serving as captain, as he stood firm in the Eric Lindros holdout issue. With Lindros holding out against the Nordiques, who were one of the worst teams in league, Sakic commented, "We only want players here who have the passion to play the game. I'm tired of hearing that name. He's not here and there are a lot of others in this locker room who really care about the game." Lindros was traded a year later, ending the situation and bringing in a number of quality players, which vastly improved the Nordiques. During their first four seasons with Joe Sakic, the Nordiques finished last place in the Adams Division and last in the entire league for three straight years, from 1989 to 1991.

Starting with the 1992–93 season, Sakic became the sole captain of the franchise. Under his leadership, the Nordiques made the playoffs for the first time in six years and set a franchise record for wins and points in the process (since broken by the 2000–01 Colorado Avalanche team). Sakic reached the 100-point plateau, the third time he did so in five years, by scoring 48 goals and 105 points in the regular season, and added another six points in the playoffs. In the shortened 1994–95, after the 1994–95 NHL lock-out, Sakic was eight points behind Jaromír Jágr for the scoring title with a fourth-place finish, and helped the Nordiques win the division title, their first since the 1985–86 season.

Colorado Avalanche
In May 1995, the Nordiques announced that the team had been sold and were relocating from Quebec. Before the start of the 1995–96 season, the franchise moved to Denver, Colorado, and was renamed the Colorado Avalanche. Sakic led the team to a Stanley Cup championship in its first year, scoring 120 points in 82 regular-season games and 34 points in 22 playoff games. He was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the 1996 NHL playoffs. During the run for the Cup, Sakic again proved himself to be an effective team leader. Although his Nordiques had missed the playoffs in five of his first seven years in the NHL, he scored 18 goals, including six game-winners, and 34 points. He was one goal off from the record for goals in a playoff year, and his game-winning goals established a new record.

In the 1996–97 season, Sakic only played in 65 games due to a lacerated calf, yet still managed to score 74 points as the Avalanche earned their first Presidents' Trophy and third straight division title. He had another great playoff season with eight goals and 17 assists, and took the Avalanche all the way to the conference finals, where they eventually lost to the Detroit Red Wings in six games. As a free agent during the summer of 1997, Sakic signed a three-year, $21 million offer sheet with the New York Rangers as a restricted free agent. Under the collective bargaining agreement at the time, the Avalanche had one week to match the Rangers' offer or let go of Sakic in exchange for five first-round draft picks as compensation. While it seemed as if the Avs could not afford to keep Sakic as they had already committed large amounts of salary to Peter Forsberg and Patrick Roy, an unlikely lifeline would appear in the form of the movie Air Force One, produced by Avalanche owners COMSAT and a blockbuster hit that summer. Its profits enabled Colorado to match the offer, which instigated a salary raise for many NHL players.

Injuries would again limit Sakic's playing time in the 1997–98 season. While playing in his first Olympics with Team Canada, Sakic hurt his knee and was forced to miss 18 games with the Avalanche. In the 64 games he did play in, he still scored 63 points, enough to earn him his seventh All-Star appearance. He finally rebounded from his injury problems in the 1998–99 season, finishing fifth in the league in scoring with 41 goals and 96 points in only 73 games. He led the Avalanche all the way to within one game of the Stanley Cup Finals, where they lost to the eventual champion Dallas Stars. After the season ended, Sakic was ranked number 94 on The Hockey News''' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players.

During the 1999–2000 season, Sakic reached several career milestones. Injuries limited him to only 60 games, but he still managed to lead the team in scoring with 81 points. On December 27, 1999, against the St. Louis Blues, Sakic earned an assist to become the 56th player in NHL history to reach 1,000 career points. Later in the season, on March 23, 2000, he scored a hat trick against the Phoenix Coyotes, and became the 59th player to score 400 career goals. It also gave him 1,049 points with the Quebec/Colorado franchise, passing Peter Šťastný as the all-time leader on the team.

Sakic eclipsed the 100 point mark again in 2000–01, finishing with 118 along with a career-best 54 goals, both being second-best in the league. He won the Hart Memorial Trophy, the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy and the Lester B. Pearson Award (the latter presented to him by former Nordiques mentor Peter Šťastný), while also being a finalist for the Frank J. Selke Trophy. He led the Avalanche to their second Stanley Cup championship, defeating the defending title holders New Jersey Devils in seven games. Memorably, after receiving the Cup from the NHL commissioner, Sakic broke with tradition by not hoisting it first as most captains do, instead passing the Cup straight to Ray Bourque, a player who had waited a record-breaking 22 seasons to win the Stanley Cup.

Sakic led the Avalanche in scoring again in the 2001–02 season, finishing sixth in the league with 79 points. On March 9, 2002, he played in his 1,000th career game. The Avalanche once again reached the Western Conference Finals, but lost to the eventual Cup-winning Detroit Red Wings. The following year, Sakic appeared in only 58 games and finished with just 58 points. He rebounded the following year, finishing third in the league with 87 points. It also marked the first time since the 1993–94 season that his team did not win the division title, which was won by the Vancouver Canucks.

Following the 2004–05 NHL lock-out, the Avalanche were forced to lose many of their key players in order to stay below the salary cap. Even with the loss of teammates Peter Forsberg and Adam Foote, Sakic still helped the Avalanche get into the playoffs, where they eventually lost to the Anaheim Ducks in the conference semi-finals. In June 2006, Sakic signed a one-year, $5.75 million deal to keep him with the Avalanche for the 2006–07 season. Upon the retirement of Steve Yzerman a month later, on July 3, 2006, Sakic became the League leader for most NHL career points scored among active players.

Sakic had another strong season in the 2006–07. He scored his 600th career goal on February 15, 2007, against the Calgary Flames, becoming the 17th player in history to reach the milestone and third that year. On the final day of the regular season, he scored his 100th point, reaching the milestone for the sixth time in his career. At the same time, Sakic became the second-oldest NHL player to score 100 points in a season at age 37, alongside hockey legend Gordie Howe. Despite his efforts as well as a late-season charge, Sakic and the Avalanche missed the playoffs for the first time in 11 years, finishing one point behind the eighth placed Calgary Flames. On May 1, the NHL announced that Sakic was named as one of the three finalists of the Lady Byng Trophy, but it was eventually awarded to Pavel Datsyuk of the Detroit Red Wings.

In April 2007, Sakic signed on for a 19th NHL season with the Colorado Avalanche, signing a one-year deal for 2007–08. Sakic commented on the deal, saying "at this stage in my career, I prefer to do one-year deals as I evaluate my play year-to-year." Upon signing Sakic to the deal, Avalanche General Manager François Giguère said, "Joe is the heart of this organization and his leadership and value to this team and especially our young players is unquestioned." On October 7, 2007, he scored a goal and had an assist against the San Jose Sharks, moving past Phil Esposito into eighth place on the NHL career points list with 1,591. Nineteen days later, Sakic scored a goal and assisted Ryan Smyth for an overtime game-winning goal against the Calgary Flames, reaching his 1,600th point in the NHL. On December 27, 2007, it was announced that Sakic underwent hernia surgery to accelerate the recovery of an injury that had forced him to miss the previous 12 games after a 232 consecutive games played streak. The operation caused him to miss a career-high 38 games. He was activated off of the injured reserve on February 24 and played that night, scoring an assist. On March 22, 2008, Sakic recorded his 1,000th career assist against the Edmonton Oilers, becoming the 11th player in NHL history to reach this milestone.

In June 2008, Sakic had a talk with Colorado General Manager François Giguère and said that he is uncertain with his future with the Avalanche. However, it was announced on August 27, 2008, that Sakic decided to sign a one-year contract with the team. Injuries limited Sakic's playing time in 2008–09. A herniated disk in his back forced him to stop playing in early November, after playing in 15 games, in which Sakic scored 12 points. While at home letting his back heal, Sakic broke three fingers in a snow-blower accident. He announced his retirement on July 9, 2009 The Avalanche retired his jersey, #19, prior to their 2009–10 season opener on October 1, 2009, with a "C" on the banner to represent his lengthy service as team captain (having been the only captain of the Avalanche until he retired). Sakic was also named the inaugural member of the Avalanche Alumni Association.

All-Star Games
Sakic was voted into the NHL All-Star Game 13 times and played in 12 of them, serving as a captain for two of them, the last in 2007. He had at least one point in 11 of them. The only one that he missed entirely was the 1997 All-Star Game, due to an injury. Sakic won the Most Valuable Player award in the 2004 All-Star Game after scoring a hat trick, despite the Western Conference losing the game. He is the all-time assist leader in All-Star Games with 16 assists and is third place in all-time all-star scoring with 22 points, behind Mario Lemieux (23 points) and Wayne Gretzky (25 points). His best record in an All-Star Game was in 2007, when he scored four assists for the winning team; however the MVP award was given to Daniel Brière, who had a goal and four assists.

International play

Sakic had an extensive international hockey career, representing Canada at seven international competitions. After being drafted by the Nordiques in 1987, he went on and helped Canada win the 1988 World Junior Championship. His next tournament was the 1991 World Championships, where Canada won the silver medal and Sakic contributed eleven points in ten games. He tried out for the 1991 Canada Cup Canadian team, but was the first player to be cut, being cited for his weak leg strength. Sakic was bitter about the experience, feeling he was not given a good enough chance to prove himself, and called the whole experience "a complete waste of time."

Sakic's first successful professional tournament was the 1994 World Championships, where Canada won its first gold medal in the tournament since 1961. Sakic's seven points in eight games were a crucial part of the team's success. During the 1996 World Cup of Hockey, he played only a minor role in Canada's second-place finish as he scored one goal and two assists in six games. However, the tournament allowed him to showcase that he was indeed a dominant player who had simply been overlooked.

Sakic's first Olympic appearance came in 1998 at Nagano, Japan, the first tournament in which NHL players participated. Bothered by a knee injury, he only scored three points in four games, as the Canadian squad failed to meet expectations and finished in fourth. His second Olympic appearance came in 2002 in Salt Lake City; led by his strong play, the Canadian team reached the gold medal match against Team USA, in which Sakic scored four points and helped Canada win its first gold medal in 50 years. He was later named MVP of the tournament with a cumulative tally of four goals and six assists and became one of the first Canadian members of the Triple Gold Club. Sakic also played a part in Canada's triumph in the 2004 World Cup of Hockey, where he scored six points in six games.

On December 21, 2005, Sakic was named captain of Canada for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Once again, Canada was heavily favoured and given high expectations, but they failed to medal, finishing seventh overall. Sakic finished the tournament with three points.

Executive career
After he retired, Sakic decided to take time off from hockey and spent time with his family. In 2011, two years after his retirement, Sakic returned to the Avalanche to work in their front office. He was named an executive advisor and alternate governor for the team, effective at the end of the 2010–11 season. In his role as an advisor, Sakic would advise the team in hockey-related matters, and as an alternate governor, would represent the team at Board of Governors meetings.

On June 26, 2012, Sakic was selected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame on November 12, 2012, along with Mats Sundin, Pavel Bure and Adam Oates. Sakic was the only member of his class who won the Stanley Cup during his career.

On May 10, 2013, the Avalanche promoted Sakic to executive vice president of hockey operations. In this expanded role, Sakic had the final say on all matters regarding hockey personnel. During Patrick Roy's time as head coach, they shared most of the duties normally held by a general manager. General Manager Greg Sherman remained in his post, but served mainly in an advisory role to Roy and Sakic. This de facto arrangement was formalized the following season, when Sakic was formally named general manager and Sherman was demoted to assistant general manager.

Sakic's tenure as general manager faced early adversity, notably in the 2016–17 season where the team finished in last place and managed only 48 points in the standings. He admitted later that he was at points expecting to be sacked by the team ownership in the midst of the poor results. Despite finishing last, the team did not win any of the top three lottery picks in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, dropping to fourth. This seeming misfortune would later prove beneficial, as it led to the Avalanche selecting future Norris Trophy-winning defenceman Cale Makar at fourth overall. The poor season also initiated a trade request from star player Matt Duchene that Sakic would ultimately parlay into several assets, including defencemen Sam Girard and Bowen Byram. In later years he would make additional trades for Nazem Kadri, Devon Toews, and Artturi Lehkonen, and sign Valeri Nichushkin as a free agent. The Avalanche won the Presidents' Trophy for the 2020–21 season, but faltered in the second round of the playoffs for the third consecutive season. They finished second in the regular season the following year, but won the Stanley Cup. Sakic became only the third person, after Milt Schmidt and Serge Savard, to win a Stanley Cup with the same franchise as a player and general manager. In recognition of his work for the 2021–22 season, Sakic received the Jim Gregory General Manager of the Year Award afterward.

On July 11, 2022, the Avalanche announced that Sakic would be ceding the general manager title to longtime assistant Chris MacFarland and assuming a new role as president of hockey operations.

Personal life
Sakic and his wife Debbie have three children: son Mitchell, born in 1996, and fraternal twins, son Chase and daughter Kamryn, born in October 2000. They met at a local high school while he was playing in Swift Current, and they frequently return to the town during the off-season. Sakic is an avid golfer, and competed in the celebrity Pro Am golf tournament in Lake Tahoe in the summer of 2006. Each summer during his playing career, he also hosted his own charity golf tournament which benefited the Food Bank of the Rockies. His charity work, was estimated to have provided more than seven million meals to poor children and families, and earned him an NHL Foundation Player Award in 2007.

Sakic is a fan favourite in his hometown of Burnaby, where a street has been named Joe Sakic Way in his honour. Throughout British Columbia, he is known as "Burnaby Joe"; in Colorado, he is known as "Super Joe." His younger brother Brian joined the Swift Current Broncos during Joe's final season with the team, and later played for the Flint Generals of the United Hockey League. Sakic also has an uncredited role in the movie Happy Gilmore as a "player at hockey tryouts".

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

All-Star games

Legacy

Milestones
Sakic recorded his 1,000th career point on December 27, 1999, against the St. Louis Blues. He became the 11th player to reach 1,500 points, doing so on October 25, 2006, with an assist against the Washington Capitals, and the sixth to do so with one franchise. Gordie Howe, Wayne Gretzky, Mario Lemieux, Ray Bourque, and Steve Yzerman are the others who achieved this feat.

Sakic played his 1,000th career game on March 9, 2002, against the Los Angeles Kings. His 500th career goal came against the Vancouver Canucks on December 11, 2002. In a February 15, 2007, game against the Calgary Flames, Sakic scored his 600th career goal. He also earned his 900th assist, the 16th player to do so, against the Flames in a game on March 12, 2006.

During the final game of the 2006–07 season, Sakic scored his 100th point of the year. This made him, at age 37, the second oldest player in NHL history, after Gordie Howe, to record 100 points in a regular season. He became the longest active tenured captain in the league, with fifteen seasons leading the Nordiques/Avalanche franchise, after the retirement of Steve Yzerman at the conclusion of the 2005–06 regular season. On March 22, 2008, against the Edmonton Oilers, Sakic recorded the 1,000th assist of his career, the 11th player to do so. The gloves he wore in the game were later sent to the Hockey Hall of Fame.

Alongside Bobby Clarke, Wayne Gretzky, and Mark Messier, Sakic is one of four players to captain his team to a Stanley Cup championship and win the Hart Memorial Trophy in the same year. Sakic is also a member of the Triple Gold Club, a term used in ice hockey to describe players who have won an Olympic gold medal, a World Championship gold medal and the Stanley Cup.

Records
In his 20-year career with the Nordiques and Avalanche, Sakic has obtained nearly all of the franchise scoring records, including most all-time goals (625), assists (1,016) and points (1,641). He also holds the franchise record for most games played (1,363), and is on several notable NHL records which are most All-Star game assists (16) and most playoff overtime goals (8).

Leadership

Throughout his career, Sakic was one of the top scorers in the league, but in his early years, he was criticized for not leading his team to playoff success. While in Quebec, the Nordiques were one of the worst teams in the league, finishing last in their division five out of the seven years Sakic was with the team, including three straight years of being last overall in the league. After leading the Avalanche to the Stanley Cup in 1996 with his 34 playoff points, Sakic began to be seen as capable of leading a team to success, and he was seen as one of the league's premier players.

Though Sakic was a quiet individual, he was able to motivate his team to play at higher levels, which earned him the respect of his peers and executives. The first signs of Sakic's leadership began to show while still a member of the Swift Current Broncos of the WHL. After the bus crash that killed four of his teammates, Sakic was seen as the leader of the team, acknowledging that the experience changed his outlook on life. Early in his career with the Nordiques (when Mike Hough was still captain), with the team hoping to rebuild around their top draft pick Eric Lindros, and holding onto Lindros' rights for the season when he refused to sign, Sakic suggested that the team could progress without Lindros, saying, "We only want players here who have the passion to play the game. I'm tired of hearing that name. He's not here and there are a lot of others in this locker room who really care about the game." Lindros was traded a year later, bringing in a number of quality players, which vastly improved the Nordiques. Sakic's leadership qualities led him to be courted by other teams, such as in the summer of 1997, when the New York Rangers offered him a large contract in order to replace departed captain Mark Messier, though the Avalanche ultimately matched the offer and retained Sakic.

One of the most defining actions of Sakic's career was at the conclusion of the 2001 playoffs. Defying the NHL tradition of the captain being the first to skate around with the Stanley Cup, Sakic passed it off to teammate Ray Bourque. Bourque, one of the best defensemen to ever play, had been traded to the Avalanche the year before after spending 21 years with the Boston Bruins and setting the record for most games played without winning the Cup. Sakic's handing of the Stanley Cup exemplified his classiness and how he performed through actions rather than words.

When an eye injury forced Steve Yzerman (who normally wore number 19 for Canada) to miss the 2004 World Cup of Hockey, Sakic and Joe Thornton both refused the number out of respect for their injured countryman, even though both players each wore the number 19 for their respective NHL clubs and who were now eligible to wear it for Team Canada in Yzerman's absence.

Sakic's leadership qualities and abilities helped carry the Avalanche in the years after their 2001 Stanley Cup, which saw the team lose key players to retirement and free agency, especially after the 2004–05 lock-out.

Awards

WHL and CHL

NHL

InternationalAll awards taken from NHL.com ''

Other
 In October 2022, he was inaugurated in the Croatian-American Sports Hall of Fame.

See also
 List of NHL statistical leaders
 List of NHL players with 1000 points
 List of NHL players with 500 goals

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian people of Croatian descent
Colorado Avalanche executives
Colorado Avalanche players
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Hart Memorial Trophy winners
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey players at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
IIHF Hall of Fame inductees
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Lester B. Pearson Award winners
Lethbridge Broncos players
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League first-round draft picks
National Hockey League general managers
National Hockey League players with retired numbers
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic ice hockey players for Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Quebec Nordiques draft picks
Quebec Nordiques players
Ice hockey people from Burnaby
Stanley Cup champions
Swift Current Broncos players

Joe Sakic


Amanda Holden (født 16. februar 1971) er en engelsk tv-præsentator, skuespillerinde og sanger. Hun har været dommer på ITV's Britains Got Talent siden showet startede i 2007.

Eksterne henvisninger

Tv-værter fra Storbritannien
Skuespillere fra Storbritannien

Amanda Holden


An Aristida meridionalis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johannes Jan Theodoor Henrard. An Aristida meridionalis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Aristida, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Aristida

Aristida meridionalis


An Brachiaria distachya in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Otto Stapf. An Brachiaria distachya in nahilalakip ha genus nga Brachiaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Brachiaria

Brachiaria distachya


Lotte New York Palace Hotel combina la histórica Mansión Villard con una moderna torre de 55 pisos. Ubicado en el centro del Midtown de Manhattan, específicamente en la esquina de la Calle 50 con la Avenida Madison, está al frente de la Catedral de San Patricio de Nueva York, y a pocos pasos del Rockefeller Center y Saks Fifth Avenue. El hotel aparece constantemente en el serie Gossip Girl.

Historia
En 1882, Henry Villard, un conocido financista ferroviario, contrató a McKim, Mead & White para crear seis casas privadas que rodearan un patio en la Avenida Madison. La prominente firma arquitectónica creó las casas en un estilo neo-renacentista italiano, parecido al Palazzo della Cancellaria en Roma.

En la primavera de 1974, Harry Helmsley propuso un hotel de 55 pisos en el sitio de las casas Villard, denominado The Helmsley Palace Hotel. Para construir su torre-hotel, Helmsley contrató a Emery Roth & Sons, quienes crearon su diseño de bronce oscuro, vidrio reflectante y aluminio anodizado para combinar con las casas Villard y su entorno.

En 1981, The Helmsley Palace Hotel fue inaugurado, y Helmsley operó ese hotel hasta 1992, cuando cambió de nombre a The New York Palace Hotel y quedó bajo la administración de una sociedad privada limitada.

Durante la administración de Helmsley, Leona Helmsley, esposa del dueño, mantuvo un estilo administrativo estricto e intolerante que involucraba despedir a empleados por errores triviales, hecho que le valió el apodo "Reina del Mal".

El hotel posteriormente fue adquirido por el Sultán de Brunéi con la venia de la Corte de Bancarrotas de los Estados Unidos. El sultán, a través de su empresa de desarrollo, Amedeo Limited, encargó a Lee Jablin y Harman Jablin Architects para realizar una renovación completa del hotel y las casas Villard.

En mayo de 2015, Lotte Hotels & Resorts, una propietaria y operadora surcoreana de hoteles de lujo, llegó a un acuerdo para adquirir el hotel por $805 millones de dólares por Northwood Investors. Lottle Hotels & Resorts completó la adquisición el 28 de agosto de 2015. El hotel fue renombrado como Lotte New York Palace Hotel.

Descripción del hotel

Patio y vestíbulo
Lo que antes era la entrada a la Mansión Villard en la avenida Madison es ahora el famoso patio del New York Palace. Durante la restauración, fue rediseñado para incorporar motivos del piso de varias catedrales italianos del siglo XV.

El vestíbulo de mármol de dos pisos une la Mansión Villard con el hotel. Entrando al vestíbulo desde el patio, existe una gran escalera que conduce al nivel inferior del vestíbulo y un par de escaleras a ambos lados del vestíbulo llevan al segundo piso. La chimenea roja de Verona, una original característica tomada desde el ala sur de la Mansión Villard, está ubicada en el segundo piso.

Restaurantes
Gilt es un restaurante con 52 asientos que fue inaugurado en diciembre de 2006, que reemplazó a Le Cirque 2000. Uno de los nuevos diseñadores de interiores francés, Parick Jouin, rediseñó el histórico interior. Con un menú americano moderno que ofrece platos aclamados, Gilt ha recibido aclamación de la crítica en todo el mundo. En 2007, Gilt recibió cuatro estrellas de Crain's New York y en 2008, Gilt fue galardonado con dos estrellas Michelin.

Istana está ubicado en el vestíbulo del hotel, el cual está adyacente a la entrada por la Calle 51. El comedor está situado a ambos lados del pasillo del vestíbulo y sirve cocina de estilo bistró.

Habitaciones
Lotte New York Palace Hotel tiene 805 habitaciones para huéspedes, 88 suites, un spa de 650 m², 3.200 m² de espacio para reuniones y banquetes, un centro de negocios, y cuatro suites Penthouse Triplex.

Lotte New York Palace ofrece dos niveles distintos de alojamiento en habitaciones de huéspedes. The Main House está ubicado en los pisos 9 a 29. Los cuartos de The Executive Level están ubicados en los pisos 30 a 39 y tienen acceso a The Tower Club. The Towers Rooms ocupan la parte superior del hotel entre los pisos 40 a 54 y posee cuartos y suites en estilo clásico o art déco, además de servicio de mayordomo.

Referencias

Bibliografía

AIA Guide to New York City, Norval White & Elliot Willensky, Crown Publishers, Fourth Edition, 2000.
Blue Guide New York, Carol von Pressentin Wright, Somerset Books, 2008.
The New York Times, Sunday, June 9, 1996, "Playing The Palace: The Good Old Days".
The New York Times, Thursday, May 1, 1997, "Stanford White Runs Away and Joins the Circus", Suzannah Lessard.

Enlaces externos

 The New York Palace Hotel (sitio oficial)

Rascacielos hoteles de Nueva York
Arquitectura de Estados Unidos de 1981
Hoteles de Estados Unidos del siglo XX
Edificios y estructuras de Manhattan
Obras de McKim, Mead & White
Madison Avenue

Lotte New York Palace Hotel


Maël de La Lande de Calan, né le  à Marseille, est un homme politique et un auteur français.

Président du conseil départemental du Finistère depuis 2021, il est conseiller départemental (DVD) du canton de Saint-Pol-de-Léon depuis 2015 et conseiller municipal de Roscoff depuis 2014.

Biographie

Famille et formation
Maël de Calan est le fils de Dominique de Calan, homme d'affaires qui fut le « numéro deux » de l'UIMM. Il est le petit-fils du comte Olivier de La Lande de Calan, qui fut maire de Sibiril.

Maël de Calan fait ses études à Paris à l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po) puis à l'École des hautes études commerciales de Paris (HEC) dont il sort diplômé.

Maël de Calan est marié depuis 2016 et père de deux filles.

Premiers engagements
Son engagement politique commence à Sciences Po, où il est élu président de la section Union pour un mouvement populaire (UMP), avant d'être nommé responsable des Jeunes UMP de Paris. Il participe à la campagne présidentielle de Nicolas Sarkozy en 2012 comme rapporteur du groupe économie du projet présidentiel.

Avec d'autres trentenaires actifs au sein de l'UMP, il fonde en  « La Boîte à idées », groupe de réflexion appartenant à l'aile modérée du parti, qui compte au sein de son comité politique des personnalités telles qu'Alain Juppé, Bruno Le Maire, Benoist Apparu, Xavier Bertrand ou Édouard Philippe. La Boîte à idées compte parmi les inspirateurs et théoriciens de la Primaire de la droite et du centre.

La Boîte à idées est l'une des six motions présentées au congrès du  de l'UMP et recueille 9,2% des suffrages ( voix), soit moins que les 10% nécessaires pour être officiellement reconnue comme l'un des courants du parti. Toutefois, Maël de Calan est nommé au bureau politique de l'UMP comme Secrétaire national au projet. La Boîte à idées va alors évoluer vers le statut de think tank dénonçant la dérive droitière d'une partie de l'UMP.

Il apporte son soutien à Bruno Le Maire qui se présente à la présidence de l'UMP à la fin de l'année 2015, face à Nicolas Sarkozy.

De porte-parole d'Alain Juppé à candidat à la présidence des Républicains
Dans le cadre de la Primaire de la droite et du centre, Maël de Calan, proche d'Alain Juppé, devient son conseiller économique et son porte-parole. Il sera souvent présenté comme étant la « carte jeune » d'Alain Juppé et coordonne la rédaction du programme du candidat.

En , en pleine campagne des primaires, il publie La vérité sur le programme du Front National (préfacé par Alain Juppé). Ce  lui vaudra d'être considéré comme la  et lui vaudra de débattre face à plusieurs représentants du Front National, et notamment face à Florian Philippot

À la suite de la victoire de François Fillon le , il annonce son soutien au vainqueur de la Primaire. Au second tour de l'élection présidentielle, face à Marine Le Pen, il appelle à voter pour Emmanuel Macron.

Le , il est investi par Les Républicains pour être le candidat de la droite et du centre dans la quatrième circonscription du Finistère. Il échoue de peu au second tour en étant battu de  par Sandrine Le Feur (LREM) avec un score de 47,86 %.

Maël de Calan est candidat au congrès du  des Républicains pour assurer la présidence du parti gaulliste, et récolte 9,25 % des voix contre 74,64 % à Laurent Wauquiez, qui est élu dès le premier tour, et 16,11 % à Florence Portelli. Il annonce le soir même son souhait de rester membre du parti.

Dans la foulée de ce congrès, Valérie Pécresse, dont il est proche, le nomme premier vice-président de son nouveau mouvement politique, Soyons libres, créé le .

Engagement dans le Finistère

Militantisme et premières élections
En 2012, il vient travailler en Bretagne à Roscoff comme directeur du développement d'une start-up locale. Parallèlement, il dirige la campagne législative d'Agnès Le Brun, maire de Morlaix.

Sur le plan local, il est candidat aux élections municipales à Roscoff en 2014 sur la liste (DVD) menée par Joseph Séité, maire sortant, ce qui lui vaut d'être élu conseiller municipal, puis réélu conseiller municipal, d'opposition cette fois, sur la liste menée par Daniel Hyrien en 2020.

Maël de Calan est ensuite élu en 2015 conseiller départemental du canton de Saint-Pol-de-Léon en binôme avec Aline Chevaucher, maire de Plouénan. Il est alors élu président de l'Alliance pour le Finistère, groupe réunissant les  départementaux d'opposition issus de la droite et du centre.

Dans le cadre de la défense de son territoire, il est à l'initiative dès  (avec sa collègue et binôme départementale Aline Chevaucher, ainsi qu'avec le maire de Saint-Pol-de-Léon Nicolas Floch) d'une pétition pour sauver le centre de réadaptation de Perharidy, à Roscoff. Les nombreux signataires se réunissent en mars pour une grande marche, ils sont alors près de .

Il est également président de la fédération Les Républicains du Finistère de  à , date à laquelle il ne se représente pas pour laisser Philippe Paul lui succéder.

Président du conseil départemental
Président de l'Alliance pour le Finistère et donc leader de l'opposition départementale, Maël de Calan mène la campagne d'union des binômes de la droite et du centre dans la perspective des élections départementales de 2021. L'Alliance pour le Finistère remporte alors  du Département et devient donc majoritaire, faisant ainsi basculer le Finistère à droite pour la première fois depuis 1998.

Maël de Calan est élu président du Conseil départemental du Finistère le jeudi  lors de la première séance plénière de la nouvelle mandature.

Passion
Passionné de voile, Maël de Calan navigue pendant huit mois comme matelot sur Pen Duick VI.

Ascendance

Publications
 La tentation populiste, éditions de l'Observatoire, 29 août 2018, 144 p.
 La vérité sur le programme du Front National, éditions Plon, 4 mai 2016, 100 p.
 Participation à : Éric Woerth et la boîte à idées, Une crise devenue française, éditions de l'Archipel, 10 juin 2015, 240 p.

Notes et références

Président du conseil général du Finistère
Conseiller départemental du Finistère
Conseiller municipal du Finistère
Personnalité des Républicains
Élève de HEC Paris
Élève de l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris
Naissance en avril 1980

Maël de Calan


Hrytsko Hryhorenko, (), née  Alexandra Yevhenivna Soudovshchykova-Kosach le  dans un village de l'oblast de Kostroma et morte le  à Kiev, est une poétesse, féministe, juriste et traductrice ukrainienne francophone. Elle a traduit notamment les œuvres de Jules Verne en ukrainien. Elle était membre du cercle littéraire Pleiada (Pléiades).

Biographie
Fille de Yevhen Soudovshchykov, professeur de russe, et de Hanna Khoynatska, elle est née dans le nord de la Russie où ses parents avaient été exilés pour leurs activités pro-ukrainiennes. Après la mort de son père en 1868, elle retourne avec sa mère à Kiev.

Elle y fit ses études et rejoignit un cercle littéraire, la Pleiada (les Pléiades), qui étudiait la littérature ukrainienne et traduisait des auteurs étrangers en ukrainien.

Elle a écrit de la poésie en ukrainien, en russe et en français. Elle a également traduit des écrivains ukrainiens en français et des écrivains français, suédois et anglais en ukrainien.

En 1893, elle épouse Mykhaylo Kosach. Il a été contrainte de déménager en Estonie pour poursuivre ses études en raison de ses opinions politiques, alors Alexandra et sa mère ont déménagé à Tartu. Là, elle a commencé à écrire de la prose et a publié son premier recueil d'histoires Nashi lyudy na seli (La vie de nos paysans) en 1898.

En 1901, ils sont retournés à Kharkiv, où son mari est devenu professeur à l'Université nationale de Kharkiv. Malheureusement, il mourut deux ans plus tard. Elle a alors déménagé à Kiev avec sa fille. Elle a obtenu un diplôme en droit et a travaillé dans un tribunal. Elle s'est également impliquée dans le mouvement des femmes.

Hrytsko Hryhorenko est morte à Kiev le . Elle est enterrée dans l'ancien cimetière de Koudryavske.

Ses œuvres complètes (en deux volumes) ont été publiées à Kharkiv en 1930.

La plus grande partie de l'héritage littéraire de Hrytsko Hryhorenko est consacrée à exposer les conditions difficiles et la décadence morale de la vie paysanne au tournant des  . Elle a détaillé les mesures désespérées auxquelles les paysans, en particulier les femmes, étaient poussés par l'adversité. En effet, ses œuvres ont été écrites avec un réalisme brutale que les critiques et les lecteurs de son époque ont réagi négativement à ses écrits, l'accusant d'être trop pessimiste et de s'attarder uniquement sur le côté obscur de la vie. Ses écrits ultérieurs, dans lesquels elle examinait l'impact des changements technologiques et sociaux sur les individus de tous les niveaux de la société, n'étaient pas moins émouvants et francs.

Réferences

Liens externes

 Ressources historiques ukrainiennes
 Auteure ukrainienne

Femme de lettres ukrainienne
Poétesse ukrainienne
Traductrice ukrainienne
Écrivain ukrainien francophone
Féministe ukrainienne
Juriste ukrainien du XIXe siècle
Juriste ukrainien du XXe siècle
Naissance en avril 1867
Naissance dans l'oblast de Kostroma
Décès en avril 1924
Décès à Kiev
Traducteur ukrainien du XIXe siècle
Traducteur ukrainien du XXe siècle
Poète ukrainien du XIXe siècle
Poète ukrainien du XXe siècle

Hrytsko Hryhorenko


The Mermaid Inn er en historisk pub, der er indrettet i en Listed building af anden grad på Mermaid Street i den gamle bye Rye i East Sussex, England. Det er en af debedst kendte pubber i det sydøstlige England, og blev etableret i 1100-tallet, og har en lang turbulent historie. Den nuværende bygning er fra 1420, og den har tilføjelser fra 1500-tallet i tudortil, men kælderen fra 1156 er fortsat bevaret. Pubben har en stærk forbindelse til Hawkhurst Gang, som var en gruppe smuglere der brugte den i 1730'erne og 1740'rene som deres tilholdssted og til at smugle varer til den nærliggende Olde Bell Inn via en hemmelig tunnel. Rye blomstrede i denne periode som en del af cinque Ports. Nogle af smuglerne siges at spøge på pubben.

Restauranten er en AA Rosette-vindende britisk og fransk køkken, og har middelalderlig kunst og interiør fra Slade School of Fine Art. Den har været ejet af Judith Blincow siden 1993.

Referencer

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

 Official site
 Reviews: TripAdvisor The Times Beer In The Evening

Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i England
Rye (East Sussex)
Etableret i 1156
Pubber i Storbritannien

The Mermaid Inn


Stadtgespräch ist eine US-amerikanische Kriminalkomödie aus dem Jahr 1935. Regisseur John Ford inszenierte den Film für Columbia Pictures nach der Erzählung Jail Breaker von W. R. Burnett, die im August 1932 im Magazin Collier's veröffentlicht wurde.

Handlung
Arthur Ferguson Jones, Angestellter der Werbeagentur Seaver and Carpenter, hat gerade eine Gehaltserhöhung bekommen, als er sich zum ersten Mal in seinem Arbeitsleben verspätet. Da Jones Reue zeigt, kann er seinen Posten behalten, während seine Kollegin Wilhelmina Clark, in die er heimlich verliebt ist, wegen ihrer Verspätung gefeuert wird. Clark wird auf ein Zeitungsbild aufmerksam, das den entflohenen Mordverdächtigen Manion zeigt. Manion und Jones sehen sich auffallend ähnlich, was auch dem unterwürfigen Hoyt klar wird. Hoyt, in Erwartung einer Belohnung, liefert Jones der Polizei aus. Seaver kann jedoch seinen Angestellten vor dem Gefängnis bewahren. Um weitere Irrtümer auszuschließen, beschafft er Jones einen speziellen Ausweis für die Polizei.

Carpenter ermutigt Jones, der sich nebenbei als Schriftsteller betätigt, seine Geschichte niederzuschreiben. Der Reporter Healy soll ihm dabei helfen und die Geschichte als Serie herausbringen. Seaver, Carpenter und Jones feiern ihren Geschäftsabschluss mit mehreren Drinks. Der angetrunkene Jones fordert Seaver auf, Clark wieder einzustellen. Als Jones nach Hause kommt, wird er von Manion erwartet. Der Verbrecher will den Spezialausweis an sich bringen, damit er bei seinen kriminellen Aktivitäten vor der Polizei geschützt ist.

Zum ersten Mal begegnen Jones die Menschen ehrerbietig. Nur Clark hat mittlerweile begonnen, sein Leben zu kontrollieren. Zudem lebt er in ständiger Angst vor Manion. Manion verlangt, dass die Serie ihn von jedem Verdacht reinwaschen soll, was die Behörden alarmiert. Jones soll in Schutzhaft genommen werden. Manion gibt sich als Jones aus und ermordet seinen Konkurrenten Martin. Seaver, Clark und auch Jones Tante Agatha fallen dem Verbrecher in die Hände, der die beiden als Geiseln hält. Manion will nun Jones töten, um seine Identität annehmen zu können.

Während Manion noch mit einer Freundin unterwegs ist, kommt Jones zum Versteck von Manions Bande, die ihn nun für ihren Boss hält. So erfährt Jones von Manions Plan. Jones, der eine frühere Gelegenheit, den Verbrecher zu töten, nicht wahrgenommen hat, bringt die Männer dazu, auf den zurückkehrenden Manion zu schießen, den sie irrtümlich für Jones halten. Danach kann Jones die Bande einsperren und die Geiseln befreien. Hoyt, der ständig Jones verfolgt, weil er immer noch glaubt, Manion vor sich zu haben, hat die Polizei alarmiert, die nun die Bande festnimmt. Jones und Clark heiraten und verbringen ihre Flitterwochen in Shanghai.

Kritik
Das Lexikon des internationalen Films bezeichnete den Film als "bis auf das konventionelle Happy-End eine amüsante Gesellschaftssatire, die Bürgertum und Polizei auf die Schippe nimmt und deren subversiver Humor auch heute noch zu unterhalten weiß."

Andre Sennwald von der New York Times schrieb, der Film sei scharf geschrieben, witzig gemacht und glänze mit einer famosen Doppelrolle von Edward G. Robinson.

Dave Kehr vom "Chicago Reader" hob den Witz und die Leichtigkeit des Films hervor.

Hintergrund
Der Film wurde am 22. Februar 1935 in den USA uraufgeführt. In Österreich wurde er 1936 unter dem Titel Die ganze Stadt spricht davon aufgeführt. In Deutschland wurde er am 10. November 1972 im Rahmen einer Fernsehpremiere erstmals gezeigt.

In einer kleinen Rolle als Bankangestellte ist Lucille Ball zu sehen. Francis Ford, Bruder des Regisseurs John Ford, spielt einen Reporter, Bess Flowers die Sekretärin Miss Gower. Walter Long, bekannt aus Langfilmen mit Laurel und Hardy, spielt einen Sträfling, Joe Sawyer ist als Nick und John Wray als Harry, beide Mitglieder in Manions Bande, zu sehen.

Edward G. Robinson wurde von Warner Bros. ausgeliehen. Für ihn, bislang als Gangster in Kriminalfilmen eingesetzt, war das Mitwirken in einer Komödie Neuland. Nach Der kleine Cäsar (1930) war es sein zweiter Film nach einer Vorlage von W. R. Burnett.

1998 entstand mit Duplicate ein Remake. Der Bollywoodfilm von Mahesh Bhatt diente als Vehikel für den indischen Filmstar Shah Rukh Khan.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

John Ford
Filmtitel 1935
US-amerikanischer Film
Schwarzweißfilm
Kriminalfilm
Filmkomödie
William-Riley-Burnett-Verfilmung

Stadtgespräch (1935)


වම් අත සහ දකුණු අත යන අත් දෙකින් එකක් සූක්‍ෂම හැසිරවීම් සඳහා වැඩි හැකියාවක් දැක්වීම මිනිසා සතු ලක්‍ෂණයකි. අත් දෙකින් වඩාත් සූක්‍ෂම අත සුරත නම්වේ. බහුතරයකගේ සුරත දකුණු අත වන අතර සුළුතරයකගේ වම් අත සුරත වේ.

වදන
හුරු අත යන හෙල වචන පසු කලෙක සුරත ලෙස වරනැගී ඇත.

සුරත


ශ්‍රීමත් ෆ්‍රැන්සිස් ඩ්රේක්, උප අද්මිරාල් ( – 27 ජනවාරි 1596) යනු,  ඉංග්‍රීසි  මුහුදු කපිතන්වරයෙක්,  මුහුදු කොල්ල කපිතාන්වරයෙක්, යාත්‍රිකයෙක්, වහල් වෙළෙන්දෙක්, සහ එළිසබෙතානු යුගයෙහි දේශපාලනඥයෙකු විය. ලොව වටා දෙවන පර්යන්තයාත්‍රණය, 1577 සිට  1580 දක්වා ඩ්රේක් විසින් සිදුකෙරිණි.

එංගලන්තයේ පළමුවන එළිසබෙත් රැජිණ විසින් 1581දී ඩ්රේක් වෙත නයිට් පදවිය පිරිනැමිණි. 1588දී ස්පාඤ්ඤ නැව් කණ්ඩායමට එරෙහිවූ ඉංග්‍රීසි නැව් සමූහයේ දෙවන ප්‍රධාන අණ දෙන නිලධාරි වූයේ ඔහුය. 1596 ජනවාරි මාසයේදී අතීසාරය වැළඳීමෙන් ඔහු මිය ගියේ  අසාර්ථක ලෙසින්  සන් ජුවම්, පුවටෝ රිකෝ ප්‍රහාරයට ලක් කිරීමෙන් පසුවය.

ඔහුගේ වික්‍රමයන් ජනප්‍රවාදගත වූ අතර, එනිසාම ඉංග්‍රීසි ජාතිකයන්ට ඔහු වීරයෙක් වූ නමුදු  ස්පාඤ්ඤ ජාතිකයන්ට ඔහු  මුහුදු කොල්ලකාරයෙක් වූ අතර ඔවුනතර ඔහු හැඳින්වුනේ  එල් ඩ්රාක් ලෙසිනි.  දෙවන පිලිප් රජ,  ඔහුගේ මරණය ගෙන දෙන්නෙකුට, 20,000 ඩූකාට් ත්‍යාගයක්, එනම් නූතන සම්මතයන් ප්‍රකාර,   £4 මිලියන (US$6.5M) පමණ පිරිනැමූ බව කියැවේ.

ආශ්‍රිත

බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ජාතිකයෝ

ෆ්‍රැන්සිස් ඩ්රේක්


An Eulophia epidendraea in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni J.König ngan Anders Jahan Retzius, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Cecil Ernest Claude Fischer. An Eulophia epidendraea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eulophia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eulophia

Eulophia epidendraea


B.F.'s Daughter  é um filme de drama de 1948 dirigido por Robert Z. Leonard e estrelado por Barbara Stanwyck e Van Heflin. Foi adaptado do romance homônimo de 1946 de John P. Marquand.

Elenco

Produção
As filmagens ocorreram entre meados de setembro e final de outubro de 1947. De acordo com uma notícia publicada pelo The Hollywood Reporter, a atriz Katharine Hepburn foi considerada para o papel de protagonista no filme.

Lançamento
Nos Estados Unidos, o filme foi lançado nos cinemas em 2 de abril de 1948, tendo estreado anteriormente em Nova York em 24 de março de 1948.

Adaptação para rádio
Em 11 de dezembro de 1950, o Lux Radio Theatre transmitiu uma adaptação para o rádio de BF's Daughter, com Barbara Stanwyck reprisando seu papel no filme.

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1948
Filmes em  língua inglesa
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes dirigidos por Robert Z. Leonard
Filmes da Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Filmes de drama dos Estados Unidos
Filmes com trilha sonora de Bronisław Kaper
Filmes baseados em romances de autores dos Estados Unidos

B.F.'s Daughter


Síndos, en , auparavant appelé Tekelí (), est un village du dème de Délta, district régional de Thessalonique, en Macédoine-Centrale, Grèce. Il est le siège du dème de Délta.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du village compte .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Village en Macédoine-Centrale

Síndos


Das Zentrum für Komparative Theologie und Kulturwissenschaften (ZeKK/Center for Comparative Theology and Cultural Studies) wurde  im November 2009 als neue interdisziplinäre Forschungseinrichtung an der Universität Paderborn gegründet. Der Grundgedanke ist die Zusammenarbeit unterschiedlicher Theologien und Kulturwissenschaften in einem Forschungsverbund, die sich im Diskurs als gleichberechtigte Partner durch ihre unterschiedlichen Perspektiven, Erfahrungen und Methoden bereichern. An der Arbeit des ZeKK beteiligen sich neben den Instituten für Evangelische und Katholische Theologie sowie Theologen aller anderen großen Weltreligionen auch alle anderen Fächer der Fakultät der Kulturwissenschaften.

Organisation
Das ZeKK wird von einem interreligiös besetzten Team von Wissenschaftlern aus den Theologien und den Kulturwissenschaften geleitet. Das Team des ZeKK besteht aus muslimischen und christlichen wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeitern, die in Forschung und Lehre eng miteinander zusammenarbeiten und auf diese Weise die Gestalt der Theologie fortentwickeln. Kooperationspartner des ZeKK sind unter anderem das Eko-Haus und die "Schura Paderborn", der Dachverband von Vertretern der muslimischen Verbände in Paderborn.

Konzept
Komparative Theologie bedeutet, interreligiösen Dialog aus der Binnenperspektive der Religionen heraus zu führen. Es ist das Anliegen des ZeKK, Theologen auf wissenschaftlicher Basis über konkrete Themen miteinander ins Gespräch zu bringen. Auf diese Weise steht das gemeinsame Arbeiten an einer Thematik im Vordergrund und die Möglichkeit, voneinander lernen, aber auch Unterschiede anerkennen und respektieren zu können. Darin unterscheidet sich der Ansatz der Komparativen Theologie von dem Ansatz der Vergleichenden Religionswissenschaft, in der Religionen aus der Außensicht heraus verglichen werden.
Durch die Integration kulturwissenschaftlicher Aspekte und Perspektiven  wird der Ansatz der Komparativen Theologie insofern erweitert, als dass auch gesellschaftliche und kulturelle Themenfelder verstärkt in den Fokus gerückt werden  und so Wechselwirkungen aufgedeckt werden können. Auf diese Weise entwickeln sich die im ZeKK verbundenen Theologien der verschiedenen Religionen in einer fruchtbaren Spannung von Außen- und Innenperspektiven. Die Kulturwissenschaften wenden sich sonst oft vernachlässigten religionsbezogenen Fragestellungen zu und eröffnen so neuartige religionsbezogene Forschungsfelder (z. B. Islam in der Literatur).

Ziele
Die Forschungseinrichtung setzt sich im Sinne des Ansatzes der Komparativen Theologie für die Förderung der Dialogfähigkeit der Religionen und für die Entwicklung eines wertschätzenden Umgangs miteinander ein. Das Gespräch der Religionen und Theologien ist dabei der Vernunft verpflichtet und will emanzipatorische Potenziale für unsere demokratischen Systeme freisetzen, den sozialen Zusammenhalt im Einsatz für Benachteiligte stärken und die Fähigkeit zum friedlichen Zusammenleben fördern.

Studium
Seit dem Wintersemester 2009/2010 ist es möglich, das Fach "Komparative Theologie der Religionen" im Zwei-Fach-Bachelor-Studiengang an der Universität Paderborn zu studieren. Seit dem Wintersemester 2014/2015 gibt es den darauf aufbauenden Masterstudiengang "Theologien im Dialog". Wie viele Studenten die beiden Studiengänge haben, ist unbekannt.

Veröffentlichungen
 Reinhold Bernhardt, Klaus von Stosch (Hrsg.): Komparative Theologie. Interreligiöse Vergleiche als Weg der Religionstheologie. Zürich 2009.

Siehe auch
 Interreligiöser Dialog
 Centrum für Religiöse Studien

Weblinks
 Offizielle Homepage
 Reihe: Beiträge zur Komparativen Theologie.

Fußnoten

Organisation (interreligiöser Dialog)
Forschungseinrichtung in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Theologische Institution
Bildung und Forschung in Paderborn
Gegründet 2009
Organisation (Paderborn)
Universität Paderborn


Anarko-komünizm, komünist anarşizm, anarşist komünizm ya da liberter komünizm; kapitalizmin ancak toplumsal bir devrimle ortadan kalkacağını ve bunun da sınıf eksenli bir mücadeleyle gerçekleşeceğini, sosyalist akımların aksine komünal hayat düzenine erişebilmek için sosyalist devrimi ve devletin proletarya tarafından ele geçirilmesini değil, doğrudan komün hayata geçilmesi gerektiğini savunan ideoloji. Marksistlerden farklı olarak devrimden sonra iktidarın devletin tekelinde toplanmasına karşı çıkar. Bunun devlet iktidarına sahip olanlar ve olmayanlar arasında ayrışmaya yol açacağını, iktidara sahip olanların yozlaşacağını ve toplumun çıkarına göre davranmak yerine iktidarlarını koruma, kuvvetlendirme yoluna gideceklerini savunur. Anarşist komünistler bunun yerine tüm kararların toplumun tamamının katılımıyla alınmasını savunur.

Aynı zamanda devrimci örgütlenme modeli konusunda da Marksist ve burjuva partilerden farklılaşır. Toplumun tabandan örgütlenmesini savunduğu gibi devrime giden süreçte anarşist komünizmi savunan bir örgütün de hiyerarşik olmaması, içinde herhangi bir otorite barındırmamasını savunur.

Tarihsel gelişim

Anarşist komünizm fikri 1870'lerde, kolektivist modelin eleştiri süreciyle beraber gelişti.

Anarşizm, Uluslararası Emekçiler Birliği (IWPA veya I. Enternasyonal, 1864-72) içinde doğmuş ve gelişmiştir. İlk anarşistler genelde kolektivistlerdi; Enternasyonal içinde Marx tarafından savunulan biçimiyle "komünizme" karşıydılar. Kolektivizm, bir iş yerinde çalışan işçilerin üretim araçlarını ele geçirmesi ve onları beraberce idare etmesini öngörüyordu.

Anarşist komünizm, sadece emek araçlarının ortaklaştırılmasının yeterli olmadığını, aynı zamanda emeğin ürünlerinin de toplumun tamamı için ortaklaştırılması ve "Herkesten yeteneğine göre, herkese ihtiyacı kadar" ilkesi doğrultusunda dağıtılması gerektiğini vurguluyordu.

1880'de, Jura Federasyonu konferansında, (temel olarak Fransızca konuşan İsviçre Jura'sının anti-otoriter emekçiler federasyonu), ilk defa anarşist bir konferans ekonomik örgütlülük olarak komünizme sıcak bakılmış oldu. İtalyan devrimci Carlo Cafiero bu konferansta komünist tezleri şöyle savunmuştur: "Bir kimse komünist olmadan anarşist olamaz. Gerçekten de, sınırlamaya dair en ufak bir ipucu, otoriterliğin tohumlarını taşıyacaktır. Ve bunu seri bir şekilde türeyen kanunlar, mahkemeler ve jandarma olmaksızın düşünemeyiz. Komünist olmak durumundayız çünkü kolektivist safsatayı anlayamayan insanlar, Reclus ve Kropotkin arkadaşların da belirttiği gibi komünizmi kusursuz bir şekilde kavrayıp benimseyebilirler. Komünist olmak zorundayız çünkü bizler anarşistiz, çünkü anarşi ve komünizm devrimin iki asıl ilkesidir."

Komünizm, hem üretimi ve dağıtımı hem de toplumsal olarak üretilen serveti ortaklaştırmamız gerektiğini söyleyen öğretidir. Komünizm, yerine dünya çapında sınıfsız bir toplumun alacağı sınıflı sistemin ve ücretli köleliğin kaldırılmasını hedefler. Anarşist komünistlerin düşüncelerine göre, gerçek komünizmin tek hedefi devletin yıkılmasıdır; çünkü devlet, egemenlik ve sınıf hükümdarlığı üzerine kurulu politik örgüttür.

Anarşist/komünist eylemciler

 Peter Kropotkin
 Nestor Makhno
 Errico Malatesta
 Carlo Cafiero
 Emma Goldman
 Buenaventura Durruti

Kaynakça
 About Anarchism, Nicolas Walter, Freedom Press.
 Carlo Cafiero, Anarchy and Communism (report to the Jura Federation's Congress of 1880).
 Anarşizm - Anarşiden Anarşizme (MS.300-1939), Robert Graham, Versus Kitap, Mayıs 2007
 Anarşizm Bir Düşünce ve Hareketin Tarihi, George Woodcock, Kaos Yay., Ocak 1997

Dipnotlar

Dış bağlantılar
 Anarşist Komünist dergi Proleter Teori A
 Toprak ve Özgürlük Kooperatifi
 Anarşizm.org
 Liberter Komünistlerin Örgütsel Platformu
 Nestor Mahno ve Ukrayna İsyanı
 Anarşist Komünizm
 Devrimci Hareketin İnşaası
 Devrimci Anarşist Faaliyet
 Lise Anarşist Faaliyet

Anarko-komünizm


Bzat - ni dage bag barrikaderne er en dokumentarfilm af Bent Staalhøj.

Handling
I Ryesgade-kvarteret bragede det løs i efteråret 1986. BZ'erne tog nogle kondemnerede ejendomme i besiddelse, og pressen satte fokus på konflikten mellem BZ'erne, politi og politikere. Filmen registrerer dag for dag, hvad der skete - fra bz'ernes synspunkt. Samtidig gives et historisk rids af 80'ernes besættelser og de konfrontationer, der fulgte.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Den fulde film på youtube

Danske film fra 1987

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Ungdomsfilm fra Danmark
Dansksprogede film

Bzat - ni dage bag barrikaderne


Stephen Franklin este un personaj principal în universul fictiv al serialului de televiziune ][science-fiction]] Babylon 5. Este interpretat de Richard Biggs. Ocupă funcția de medic-șef al stației spațiale Babylon 5.

În 2258, el a fost repartizat pe Babylon 5 ca chirurg șef după revenirea pe Pământ a Dr. Benjamin Kyle. A stat acolo patru ani.

La sfârșitul seriei, Franklin era încă șeful cercetărilor xenobiologice de pe Pământ. Când Sheridan a aflat că e pe moarte, Franklin a mers pe Minbari pentru o ultimă petrecere. De acolo, Franklin a călătorit pe Babylon 5, unde a asistat la dezafectarea și distrugerea stației. J. Michael Straczynski a spus că Franklin moare în cele din urmă în timp ce explorează o planetă necunoscută, dar nu a dezvăluit detaliile despre exact cum sau când moare.

Deoarece Richard Biggs a murit în mai 2004, personajul său Franklin nu a mai apărut în niciun viitor film sau serial de televiziune Babylon 5. Când Biggs a murit, Straczynski lucra la un scenariu din Babylon 5 intitulat Memoria Umbrelor. Straczynski a decis să nu dea altui actor rolul personajul Franklin și a rescris scenariul pentru a-l scoate din poveste. În antologia Babylon 5: The Lost Tales, se explică că atât Franklin cât și G'Kar - jucat de Andreas Katsulas care a murit în februarie 2006 - au plecat pentru a explora spațiul dincolo de "marginea galactică".

Referințe

Babylon 5
Personaje fictive

Stephen Franklin (Babylon 5)


Hollandsk har flere betydninger:

 Vedrørende Holland (Nederlandene)
 Nederlandsk (sprog) – det sprog, der tales i Nederlandene og Flandern i Belgien.
 Hollandsk (dialekt) – nederlandsk dialekt, der tales i de nederlandske provinser Noord-Holland og Zuid-Holland.

Hollandsk


Uche Alozie Okechukwu (d. 27 Eylül 1967, Lagos), Nijeryalı eski millî futbolcudur.

"Uchechukwu", "Tanrı'nın iradesi" anlamına gelen bir İgbo adıdır. Türkiye'de en uzun süre forma giyen (13 yıl) yabancı oyuncu olarak ve Türk vatandaşlığına geçerek Deniz Uygar adını almıştır.

Nijerya millî takımında yaklaşık 50 maça çıkan Okechukwu, ülkeyi iki Dünya Kupasında ve birçok Afrika Uluslar Kupasında temsil etti ve ikinci turnuvayı bir kez kazandı.

Fenerbahçe takımının defansında uzun yıllar oynayan Uche, Danimarklı futbolcu Jes Høgh ile iyi bir ikili oluşturmuştur. 1998'de Ebru Gündeş'in Sen Allah'ın Bir Lütfusun şarkısının klibinde oynamıştır. Türkiye'de İstanbulspor takımında 3 sene oynadıktan sonra Nijerya'da futbol hayatına devam etmeyi tercih etmiştir. Yaşadığı en büyük talihsizlik ise Fenerbahçe'de oynadığı dönemde yedek kaleci Murat Şahin tarafından ayağının kırılmasıydı. 2000 yılında First Duo sakızı reklamında oynadı.

Başarıları
 Nijerya ile
 Afrika Uluslar Kupası : 1994
 1996 Yaz Olimpiyatları : 1996
 Iwuanyanwu Nationale
 Nijerya Ligi şampiyonluğu : 1987/88, 1988/89
 Brøndby IF
 Danimarka Ligi şampiyonluğu : 1990, 1991
 Fenerbahçe
 Süper Lig: 1995-1996, 2000-2001

Kişisel
 Brøndby IF
 1992 - Danimarka yılın Futbolcusu

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1967 doğumlular
Çift pasaportlu futbolcular
Nijerya asıllı Türkler
Nijeryalı futbolcular
Türk erkek futbolcular
Resim aranan futbolcular
Nijerya millî futbol takımı futbolcuları
Fenerbahçe SK yabancı futbolcuları
İstanbulspor yabancı futbolcuları
1990 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
1992 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
1994 Afrika Uluslar Kupası futbolcuları
1994 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
1995 Kral Fehd Kupası futbolcuları
1996 Yaz Olimpiyatları futbolcuları
1998 FIFA Dünya Kupası futbolcuları
Süper Lig futbolcuları
Türkiye vatandaşlığına kabul edilenler
Yaşayan insanlar
Lagos doğumlu sporcular
Nijeryalı gurbetçi futbolcular
Türkiye'deki gurbetçi futbolcular
Türkiye'deki Nijeryalı gurbetçiler
Defans futbolcuları
Afrika Uluslar Kupası kazanan futbolcular
Brøndby IF futbolcuları
Superliga (Danimarka) futbolcuları
Danimarka'daki gurbetçi futbolcular
Nigeria Professional Football League futbolcuları
Danimarka'daki Nijeryalı gurbetçiler
Ocean Boys FC futbolcuları
Nijeryalı Olimpiyat futbolcuları
Altın Olimpiyat madalyalı Nijeryalı sporcular
1996 Yaz Olimpiyatları'nda madalya kazananlar
Altın Olimpiyat madalyalı futbolcular

Uche Okechukwu


El XXXV Campeonato Mundial de Tiro se celebró en Oslo (Noruega) en el año 1952 bajo la organización de la Federación Internacional de Tiro Deportivo (ISSF) y la Federación Noruega de Tiro.

Las competiciones se realizaron en el Campo de Tiro Løvenskiold de la capital noruega.

Resultados

Masculino

Medallero

Enlaces externos
Resultados oficiales en el banco de datos de la ISSF (en inglés)

Campeonatos mundiales de tiro deportivo

Campeonato Mundial de Tiro de 1952


Ventenatinae, podtribus travovki , dio tribusa Poeae, potporodica  Pooideae

Tipični rod je bodljozub, lat. Ventenata, a priznato je 8 rodova, od kojih 3 imaju predstavnike i u Hrvatskoj.

Rodovi
 Subtribus Ventenatinae Holub ex L. J. Gillespie, Cabi & Soreng
 Apera Adans. (5 spp.), slakoperka
 Bellardiochloa Chiov. (6 spp.), livadarka
 Nephelochloa Boiss. (1 sp.)
 Ventenata Koeler (4 spp.)
 Parvotrisetum Chrtek (1 sp.), zobičica
 Gaudiniopsis (Boiss.) Eig (5 spp.)

Izvori

Poodinae

Ventenatinae


ශ්‍රී ලංකා බටගොයා (Treron pompadora) යනුවෙන් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ Treron ගණයට අයත් පරෙවි විශේෂයකි. ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ මෙම පක්ෂියා සිංහල බසින් පොම්පදෝරු බටගොයා සහ පිටරතු බටගොයා යන නම්වලින් ද හඳුන්වයි. මෙම පක්ෂියා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ වනාන්තරවලින් හමු වේ. බොහෝ අධිකාරීන් විසින් මෙම විශේෂය පොම්පදෝරු බටගොයා සංකීර්ණයෙන් බෙදා වෙන්කර ඇත.

හැසිරීම
සාමාන්‍යයෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකා බටගොයා හැසිරෙන්නේ තනි වශයෙන් හෝ කුඩා කන්ඩායමක් වශයෙනි. පියාසැරිය සාමාන්‍යයෙන් පියාසැරිය වේගවත් සහ ඍජු ය. පියාසැරියේ දී වේගවත් අත්තටු සැලීමේ දී ක්‍රමානුකූල රිද්මයෙන් යුතුව අත්පොලසන් හඬක් වැනි ශබ්දයක් නැගේ. මෙය සාමාන්‍යයෙන් පරෙවීන්ට ලාක්ෂණික ලක්ෂණයකි. මෙම පක්ෂියා ශාක ගණනාවක ඇට වර්ග සහ ඵල මත යැපේ. ගසක් මත කෝටු කැබලි ආධාරයෙන් තනන කැදැල්ලේ සුදු පැහැ බිත්තර දෙකක් දමයි.

ආශ්‍රේයයන්

Collar, N.J. 2011. Species limits in some Philippine birds including the Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes lucidus. Forktail number 27: 29-38.
Rasmussen, P.C., and J.C. Anderton. 2005. Birds of South Asia: the Ripley guide. Lynx Edicions and Smithsonian Institution.

ශ්‍රී ලංකා බටගොයා
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවට ආවේණික පක්ෂීන්
ශ්‍රී ලංකා බටගොයා

ශ්‍රී ලංකා බටගොයා


Kosmos 2087, sovjetski satelit sustava upozorenja o raketnom napadu iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Oko (US-K; Oko br. 6055).

Lansiran je 25. srpnja 1990. godine u 18:13 s kozmodroma Pljesecka, s mjesta 16/2. Lansiran je u visoku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Molnija-M 8K78M Blok 2BL. Orbita mu je 660 km u perigeju i 39.712 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 62,88°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 20707. COSPARova oznaka je 1990-064A. Zemlju obilazi u 718,13 minuta. Bio je mase 1900 kg.

Iz misije je ostalo još nekoliko dijelova koji su se vratili u atmosferu, a kružili su u geotransfernoj (Blok-2BL) i niskoj orbiti.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. 1990 год. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)
N2YO Satellite Database - Tehnical Details - Real Time Satellite Tracking and Predictions (engl.)
Gunter's Space Page US-K (73D6) (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database (engl.)
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2087


ثيوفانيس غيكاس  ، من مواليد 23 مايو 1980 في لاريسا في اليونان ، لاعب كرة قدم يوناني.

يلعب مع نادي باير ليفركوزن الألماني منذ عام 2007.

بدأ باللعب مع منتخب اليونان لكرة القدم في عام 2005. بعد مونديال 2010 أعلن غيكاس نهائية مسيرته مع منتخب اليونان.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب ثيوفانيس غيكاس خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 15 ناديًا في ستة وعشرون موسمًا وسجل خلالها 212 هدف ضمن 477 مباراة. ولم يفز بأي موسم بالكأس أو بالدوري.

خاض ثيوفانيس غيكاس مسيرته مع نادي لاريسا في موسم 1998–99 واستمر معه طيلة ثلاثة مواسم، مشاركًا في 61 مباراة سجل خلالها 16 هدفًا. ثم انتقل إلى  في موسم 2001–02 ليلعب معه أربعة مواسم، حيث شارك في 99 مباراة سجل خلالها 46 هدفًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي باناثينايكوس في موسم 2004–05 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 41 مباراة سجل خلالها 23 هدفًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي بوخوم في موسم 2006–07 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 32 مباراة سجل خلالها 20 هدف. هذا وانتقل لاحقًا إلى نادي باير 04 ليفركوزن في موسم 2007–08 واستمر معه طيلة ثلاثة مواسم، مشاركًا في 50 مباراة سجل خلالها 13 هدفًا. ثم انتقل بعدها إلى نادي بورتسموث في موسم 2008–09 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في مباراة ولم يسجل أي هدف. ليعود وينتقل من جديد، لكن هذه المرة إلى  في موسم 2009–10 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 17 مباراة سجل خلالها 6 أهداف. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي آينتراخت فرانكفورت في موسم 2010–11 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 48 مباراة سجل خلالها 23 هدفًا. ثم لعب في نادي سامسون سبور في موسم 2011–12 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 11 مباراة سجل خلالها 8 أهداف. ليعود ويرتحل عنه إلى نادي بلدية آكهيسار سبور في موسم 2012–13 في المرة الأولى لمدة موسم واحد ثم في موسم 2014–15 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا طوالها في 39 مباراة سجل خلالها 24 هدفًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي قونيا سبور في موسم 2013–14 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 24 مباراة سجل خلالها 13 هدفًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي سيون في موسم 2015–16 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 30 مباراة سجل خلالها 13 هدفًا أيضًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي سيفاسبور في موسم 2016–17 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 10 مباريات سجل خلالها هدفين.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في تركيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في سويسرا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من لاريسا
رياضيون يونانيون مغتربون في ألمانيا
رياضيون يونانيون مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون يونانيون مغتربون في تركيا
رياضيون يونانيون مغتربون في سويسرا
لاعبو آينتراخت فرانكفورت
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري الألماني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإسباني
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري التركي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري التركي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري اليوناني
لاعبو إسكي شهر سبور
لاعبو باناثينايكوس
لاعبو باير ليفركوزن
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2008
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 2012
لاعبو بلدية آكهيسار سبور
لاعبو بوخوم
لاعبو بورتسموث
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو دوري السوبر السويسري
لاعبو سامسون سبور
لاعبو سيواس سبور
لاعبو قونية سبور
لاعبو كأس العالم 2010
لاعبو كأس العالم 2014
لاعبو كأس القارات 2005
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إسبانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في تركيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في سويسرا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون يونانيون
لاعبو كرة قدم من لاريسا
لاعبو كرة قدم يونانيون
لاعبو منتخب اليونان لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي بلدية آكهيسار سبور
لاعبو نادي سيون
لاعبو نادي ليفانتي
لاعبو هرتا برلين
مدربو كرة قدم مغتربون في تركيا
مدربو كرة قدم يونانيون
مدربو كرة قدم يونانيون مغتربون
مدربو نادي بلدية آكهيسار سبور
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1980
مواليد في لاريسا

ثيوفانيس غيكاس


الوكالة الدولية للطاقة المتجددة (إيرينا) (IRENA) هي منظمة حكومية دولية لتشجيع اعتماد الطاقة المتجددة على نطاق العالم. تهدف إلى تسهيل نقل التكنولوجيا والطاقة المتجددة وتوفير الخبرة للتطبيقات والسياسات. إيرينا تشكلت في 26 يناير 2009 من جانب 75 دولة. الميزانية السنوية الأولى هي 25 مليون يورو.

وفي حزيران-يونيو- 2009 اختيرت أبوظبي، عاصمة دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة، لإستضافة المقر الرئيسي الرئيسي للأمانة العامة للوكالة الدولية للطاقة المتجددة «أيرينا»، وهذه هي المرة الأولى التي تقوم فيها وكالة دولية باختيار مدينة في منطقة الشرق الأوسط كمقر لها. وستحتضن «مدينة مصدر»، أول مدينة في العالم حيادية الكربون وخالية من النفايات والمعتمدة بالكامل على الطاقة المتجددة، مقر الوكالة الرئيسي.

تاريخ
...

الطاقات المتجددة
الطاقة المتجددة، هو من أهم الحلول للتحديات الراهنة التي تواجه مستقبل الطاقة في العالم. الفائدة في استخدام مصادر الطاقة المتجددة قد زاد في السنوات الأخيرة بسبب المخاوف البيئية بشأن الاحترار العالمي وتلوث الهواء، وتخفيض التكاليف في مجال تكنولوجيات الطاقة المتجددة، وتحسين الكفاءة والموثوقية.

أهداف إيرينا
المأذون بها من جانب الحكومات في جميع أنحاء العالم، إيرينا تهدف إلى ان تصبح القوة الدافعة الرئيسية في تعزيز الانتقال السريع نحو الانتشار الواسع والاستخدام المستدام للطاقة المتجددة على نطاق عالمي:
العالمية بوصفها صوت لمصادر الطاقة المتجددة، إيرينا ستقدم المشورة والدعم العملي لكل من الدول الصناعية والبلدان النامية، ومساعدتها على تحسين الأطر التنظيمية وبناء القدرات. الوكالة في تسهيل الوصول إلى جميع المعلومات ذات الصلة، بما فيها بيانات موثوقة عن إمكانات الطاقة المتجددة، وأفضل الممارسات، وآليات مالية فعالة للدولة من أحدث الخبرات التكنولوجية.

أهداف
تهدف إيرينا لتصبح القوة الدافعة الرئيسية في تعزيز الانتقال نحو استخدام الطاقة المتجددة على نطاق عالمي:
بصفتها الصوت العالمي للطاقات المتجددة، وإيرينا تقديم المشورة والدعم لكل من الدول الصناعية والنامية العملية، ومساعدتهم على تحسين الأطر التنظيمية وبناء القدرات. فإن وكالة تيسير الوصول إلى جميع المعلومات ذات الصلة بما في ذلك البيانات الموثوقة عن إمكانات الطاقة المتجددة، وأفضل الممارسات، والآليات المالية الفعالة ودولة من بين الفن الخبرة التكنولوجية.
توفر إيرينا المشورة والدعم للحكومات بشأن سياسة الطاقة المتجددة، وبناء القدرات، ونقل التكنولوجيا. سوف تشارك إيرينا في تنسيق مع منظمات الطاقة المتجددة القائمة، مثل REN21.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي

طاقة متجددة
منظمات أسست في 2009
منظمات حكومية دولية أسست عبر معاهدة
منظمات دولية
منظمات دولية في الشرق الأوسط

الوكالة الدولية للطاقة المتجددة


Halil Nimetullah Öztürk, yazar.
 Halil Öztürk (siyasetçi), siyasetçi ve avukat.

Halil Öztürk


Gediz, Kütahya ilinin bir ilçesi. İlçe Kütahya'nın 90 kilometre güney batısında yer alır. Daha yakın bir il olan Uşak'a ise 45 km mesafededir. İlçe merkezinin nüfusu 31.12.2020 itibarıyla 24.669, kasaba ve köyler nüfusu ise 25.118 olmak üzere ilçenin toplam nüfusu 49.787'dir. Yüzölçümü 1442 km², deniz seviyesinden yüksekliği ise 736 metredir. Kütahya ilinin genelinin aksine daha ılıman bir iklim görülür; Kütahya'nın sıcaklık ortalamaları en yüksek olan ilçesidir. İlçede Murat Dağı kaplıcaları ve Ilıca kaplıcaları bulunur.

Tarihi

MÖ 1000 ve MÖ 700'lü yıllarda  (Yaklaşık 3000 yıl önce) Frigler tarafından kurulan ve antik adı "Kadoi" veya "Kodis"dir. Daha sonra Ünlü Hükümdar İskender'in Makedonya hükümdarlığında "Kadus", Roma Döneminde "Kadi" adını aldığını basılmış sikkelerden anlaşılmaktadır. Türklerin Selçuklu ve Germiyanoğulları hakimiyetinden sonra 1429'da Osmanlılar tarafından yönetilmeye başlanmıştır.

Gediz yıllar boyunca doğal afetlerle anıla gelmiştir. Köprünün ve kalenin depremle ikiye bölünmesi ile göl suyunun sele dönüşmesi, çeşitli toprak kaymaları, resmî kayıtlara göre 1086 kişinin hayatını kaybettiği 28 Mart 1970 Cumartesi saat 23:06'da gerçekleşen Gediz depremi ve 1911'de şehrin tamamen yanması ile sonuçlanan yangın bunlardan sadece bilinenleridir.

5 Ağustos 1970'de Bakanlar kurulu ile Gedizin yerleşim yeri 7 km güneybatıya doğru yeniden inşa edilmiştir. Günümüzde Eskigediz ve Gediz olmak üzere iki yerleşim yeri bulunmaktadır.

Çevre ilçe ve illerden getirilen ürünlerin (tarhana, peynir vb.) satıldığı Gediz Pazarı Gediz'in tarihinde türküsü ile ün kazanmıştır.

Nüfus
Gediz ilçe merkezi nüfusu 1935'te 5549'dur.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Gediz Depremi
 Gediz Muharebeleri

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 YerelNET
 Gediz Belediyesi web sitesi

Gediz, Kütahya


O Torneo Federal A do Campeonato Argentino de Futebol de 2022, também conhecido como Torneo Federal A 2022, foi a décima edição do certame, equivalente à terceira divisão do futebol argentino para clubes indiretamente afiliados à Associação do Futebol Argentino (AFA). A organização do campeonato esteve a cargo do Conselho Federal do Futebol Argentino (CFFA), órgão interno da AFA, responsável pela organização do futebol no interior da Argentina, e contou com a participação de 34 clubes. A temporada que começou em 26 de março e terminou em 12 de novembro, outorgou um único acesso para a segunda divisão de 2023, em contrapartida, rebaixou quatro clubes para o Torneo Regional Federal (quarta divisão) de 2023.

O campeão da edição foi o Club Atlético Racing, da cidade de Córdoba, que levantou seu primeiro título do torneio e foi o único promovido à Primera Nacional de 2023.

Regulamento
O regulamento dividiu a competição em duas fases: uma fase classificatória no no sistema de pontos corridos com jogos de ida e volta e uma fase eliminatória no sistema "mata-mata" (play-off) em jogos únicos. Na fase classificatória, os participantes foram colocados em duas zonas de 17 times cada: Norte e Sul. Ao final da fase de pontos corridos, os oito melhores times de cada zona se classificaram para a fase seguinte. Enquanto isso, os dois piores colocados de cada zona foram rebaixados para o Torneo Regional Federal. Em caso de igualdade na pontuação durante a etapa classificatória, são critérios de desempate: 1) melhor saldo de gols; 2) mais gols pró; 3) confronto direto (pontos, saldo de gols e gols pró).

A fase final foi dividida em quatro etapas: oitavas de final, quartas de final, semifinal e final. Em caso de igualdade no placar ao final dos 90 minutos do tempo regulamentar, o vencedor foi decidido mediante a cobrança de pênaltis.

Os cinco melhores colocados na classificação final de cada zona participarão da primeira fase da Copa de Argentina de 2023.

Participantes

Distribuição geográfica

Fase classificatória

Classificação da Zona Sul

Classificação da Zona Norte

Fase final

Oitavas de final

Quartas de final

Semifinal

Final

Premiação

Ver também
 Copa Diego Armando Maradona de 2022
 Primera Nacional de 2022
 Primera B de 2022
 Primera C de 2022
 Primera D de 2022
 Copa da Argentina de 2022

Ligações externas
 Página do Torneo Federal A no site da Associação do Futebol Argentino (AFA)
 Notícias do Torneo Federal A no portal esportivo TyC Sports
 Notícias, classificação e artilharia do Torneo Federal A no portal esportivo Mundo Ascenso
 Notícias, classificação e artilharia do Torneo Federal A no portal esportivo Ascenso del Interior
 Página do Torneo Federal A de 2022 no portal esportivo Transfermarkt

C
Futebol de 2022 na Argentina

Campeonato Argentino de Futebol de 2022 – Terceira Divisão (Torneo Federal A)


Kazuki Teshima (født 7. juni 1979) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Kyoto Sanga FC.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kazuki Teshima


29448 Pappos este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
29448 Pappos este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Prescott (Arizona) de Paul G. Comba. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,39 ua, o excentricitate de 0,30 și o înclinație de 1,4° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 29001-30000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1997
Centura de asteroizi

29448 Pappos


يمكن أن يشير مصطلح رعاية إلى:

 اقتصادية

 اجتماعية

 برنامج قسائم رعاية الطفل، مبادرة حكومية خاصة بالمملكة المتحدة.

 طبية

 نظام رعاية صحية
 رعاية صحية أولية
 رعاية ذاتية
 رعاية مزمنة
 رعاية تلطيفية
 رعاية الكنجارو
 رعاية الأطفال الأسرية
 فريق رعاية المسنين الطبية
 رعاية وجيزة

 أخرى
 رعاية المجتمعات، أحد أنواع الشبكات الاجتماعية.

رعاية (توضيح)


Die Pädagogische Hochschule Schaffhausen (PHSH) in Schaffhausen/Kanton Schaffhausen ist eine Aus- und Weiterbildungsstätte für Lehrpersonen. Sie ist Partnerschule der Pädagogischen Hochschule Zürich.

Die Lehrerbildung geht im Kanton Schaffhausen bis ins Jahr 1827 zurück. Die PHSH ging 2003 aus dem Pädagogischen Seminar Schaffhausen hervor. Gründungsrektor der PHSH war Eduard Looser. Die PHSH ist seit 2021 durch die Schweizerische Konferenz der Kantonalen Erziehungsdirektoren (EDK) akkreditiert.

Die Hochschule bietet die Grundausbildung für Lehrpersonen der Vorschulstufe (Kindergarten) und der Primarstufe (1. bis 6. Klasse) an. Abschluss ist das schweizerisch anerkannte Lehrdiplom für die Vorschulstufe und/oder die Primarstufe sowie ein international anerkannten Bachelor-Grad.

Fachbereiche
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Weblinks
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Einzelnachweise

Schaffhausen
Organisation (Schaffhausen)
Gegründet 2003
Bildung (Kanton Schaffhausen)

Pädagogische Hochschule Schaffhausen


El Sistema de Nomenclatura de Hidrocarburos con Puentes (Bridged polycycles en inglés) es un método para nombrar hidrocarburos derivados de monocíclicos que presentan una cadena lateral de carbono que se vuelve a conectar en el monociclo para formar un nuevo compuesto cíclico. Al repetirse esta operación se pueden generar triciclos, tetraciclos, pentaciclos, etc. Si la cadena lateral se cicla en el carbono de inicio, se obtiene un compuesto espiro; si se cicla en una posición vecina al carbono de inicio, se obtiene un compuesto bicíclico fusionado. Si se cicla sobre otra posición distinta a las mencionadas previamente, se obtiene un hidrocarburo bicíclico con puentes.

Este sistema de nomenclatura para nombres de compuestos policíclicos fue desarrollado primeramente para los compuestos bicíclicos por Adolf von Baeyer en 1900. y se extendió a los sistemas tricíclicos por Buchner y Weigand.

Sistema de nomenclatura de von Baeyer

Definiciones y terminología

Se considera que un sistema policíclico contiene una serie de anillos igual al número mínimo de cortes necesarios para convertir el sistema en un compuesto de cadena abierta. El número de anillos se indica con el prefijo apropiado, biciclo-(no diciclo), triciclo, tetraciclo, etc.

Un puente es una cadena de átomos o un enlace covalente que conecta a dos carbonos endocíclicos (es decir, que se encuentran incluidos en el ciclo)

Una cabeza de puente es un átomo del sistema policíclico que se une a tres o más átomos del esqueleto (excepto el hidrógeno). Es un átomo común entre los puentes.

Las dos cabezas de puente deben ser seleccionadas como cabezas de puente principal. En estas dos cabezas de puente deben estar vinculados por lo menos tres puentes. El puente principal es un puente que conecta las dos cabezas de puente principal.

Un puente es secundario si no está incluido en el ciclo principal o el puente principal.

Sistemas bicíclicos

 Los sistemas bicíclicos necesitan dos cortes para obtener un compuesto acíclico:

 Los sistemas bicíclicos saturados se nombran de acuerdo a los siguientes pasos:

1. Se cuenta el número de carbonos del todo el sistema y se asigna el nombre del alcano lineal correspondiente, precedido del prefijo "biciclo-":

2. Se identifican las cabezas de puente:

3. Se cuentan los carbonos de cada puente:

4. Entre el prefijo "biciclo-" y el nombre del alcano se ordena en orden descendente la serie de números de carbonos de cada puente separados por puntos y toda la serie va encerrada en corchetes.

 El sistema de numeración empieza por una de las cabezas de puente y sigue por el puente más largo hasta la segunda cabeza de puente. A partir de este punto, se prosigue por el segundo puente hasta llegar otra vez a la primera cabeza de puente. Se concluye numerando el puente con el número más bajo de carbonos desde la primera cabeza hasta la última.

 Los sustituyentes generados de estos sistemas se indican con la valencia libre ubicada con el localizador establecido conforme a la numeración original:

 Las insaturaciones presentes se nombran dando al alqueno la ubicación más baja posible respetando la numeración original del compuesto saturado. Cuando una cabeza de puente presenta una insaturación, se indica además entre paréntesis el segundo carbono vinílico con la posición más baja posible. El benceno puede ser nombrado como un trieno:

Extensión de Buchner y Weigand

Sistemas policíclicos
Para nombrar un sistema policíclico, además de la identificación del número de ciclos y las cabezas de puentes, se deben tomar en cuenta las siguientes consideraciones:

1) Se busca primero el compuesto bicíclico que contenga los puentes más largos (Puentes principales). El resto de los puentes se denominan puentes secundarios. Para saberlo, se elimina un puente no equivalente y se suman los puentes restantes. Se hace la misma prueba con el resto de los puentes y la suma más alta es la que da el biciclo indicado:

2) Una vez identificado el compuesto bicíclico principal, se enumera sin contar los puentes secundarios:

3) Se identifican los puentes y los números localizadores donde se encuentran enlazados:

4) El nombre se construye yuxtaponiendo:
- el prefijo numeral correspondiente con el número de ciclos: "triciclo-", "tetraciclo-", "pentaciclo-", etc.
- la serie de números de puentes encerrados entre corchetes en orden descendente separados por puntos. Los tres primeros puentes deben ser los del biciclo principal, mientras que los puentes secundarios se indican escribiendo el número de carbonos del puente y, como subíndices y separados por comas, los números localizadores del puente con respecto al ciclo principal.

Los puentes secundarios independientes se citan antes que los que se encuentran sobre otro puente:

Si hay una elección posible de puentes secundarios independientes en la primera cita, el prioritario será el más largo posible. A continuación, si procede una segunda cita, es el que sigue en longitud y así sucesivamente:

La numeración de los puentes secundarios dependientes se mantiene lo más baja posible:

El anillo principal debe contener tantos átomos de carbono como sea posible, dos de los cuales deben servir como cabeza de puente para el puente principal. El puente principal será tan grande como sea posible:

El anillo principal se dividirá lo más simétricamente posible por el puente principal:

Los superíndices localizadores de los puentes secundarios se eligen lo más bajos posible. Los superíncides localizadores de los puentes secundarios deberán ser lo menores posible cuando se consideran como un conjunto en orden numérico ascendente; se toma la decisión en el primer punto de diferencia:

Sistemas de nomenclatura alternativos

Nombres sistemáticos para puentes
Cuando los sistemas policíclicos fusionados presentan además un puente, el nombre de éste se subordina al del sistema de fusión. Los puentes se nombran citando los dos localizadores donde se encuentra el puente con respecto al sistema de numeración del sistema fusionado y el nombre del puente, el cual tiene el mismo nombre del hidrocarburo sin enlazar:

Si hay presentes puentes de diferentes tipos, estos se citan en orden alfabético. Si el puente se conecta con una doble ligadura, se denomina con la terminación "-ilideno":

No se puede combinar nomenclatura de fusión con la nomenclatura de von Baeyer. Por lo tanto, los ciclos generados deben dar prioridad a la nomenclatura de fusión y posteriormente se nombran los puentes como sustituyentes. A continuación se enunciarán los casos en donde haya más de una elección para el nombre del policilco.

a. Se debe escoger el mayor número de anillos fusionados antes de cerrar el sistema con el puente:

b. El sistema de anillos fusionados debe incluir tanto el máximo número como los anillos de mayor tamaño:

c. Cuando hay una elección para los números de posición de los puntos de unión en varios puentes individuales, se asignan los números más bajos a las cabezas de puente en el orden de citación de los puentes y los átomos puente se numeran de acuerdo a los números más bajos y siguiendo el orden de numeración del sistema fusionado. Si los puentes se repiten, los pares de localizadores se separan con dos puntos (:):

d. Cuando el puente está formado por un sustituyente bivalente de un anillo aromático, se asignan los números más bajos a los átomos de carbono que constituyen el puente más corto y la numeración procede alrededor del anillo:

Sistemas especiales

Existen nombres triviales o semisistemáticos para diversos sistemas policíclicos, ya sea por su interés en síntesis orgánica, en química teórica o productos naturales. A continuación se mostrarán los más comunes.

Terpenos
Diversos sistemas terpénicos presentan esqueletos policíclicos en sus estructuras. La numeración está basada en su origen biosintético. Cabe mencionar al bornano, canfano, pinano, cedrano, taxano, giberelano y kaurano.

Barrelenos
Un Barreleno es un compuesto bicíclico orgánico con un nombre von Baeyer biciclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5,7-trieno. Fue sintetizado y descrito por H. E. Zimmerman en 1960 y su nombre se debe a que recuerda a un barril. Es un aducto de Diels-Alder. Debido a su geometría molecular inusual, el compuesto es de considerable interés para los químicos teóricos. Esta estructura presenta aromaticidad de Möbius

Los tripticenos conceptualmente son barrelenos fusionados con benceno:

Otros nombres triviales
El Adamantano o (triciclo[184.108.40.206,7]decano) es un compuesto cristalino incoloro con un olor parecido al alcanfor.  Tiene la fórmula C10H16, es un cicloalcano y también el diamantoide más simple. Se descubrió en el petróleo en 1933. Su nombre deriva del griego adamantinós (relacionado con el diamante) debido al parecido de su estructura con la piedra preciosa. El adamantano es el isómero más estable de C10H16.

El Twistano (Nombre IUPAC: triciclo[4.4.0.03,8]decano) es un isómero del adamantano. El twistano fue nombrado así por la forma en la que su anillo tiene una conformación permanentemente forzada a un "bote retorcido (twist-boat en inglés).

El Canastano (Basketane en inglés) debe su nombre a su similitud con una canasta. Tiene el nombre sistemático pentaciclo[4.4.0.02,5.03,8.04,7]decano Este compuesto fue sintetizado simultánea e independientemente en 1966, por Masamune y por Dauben y Whalen.

El Pagodano debe su nombre a la similitud referida como una pagoda. Su nombre IUPAC es undecaciclo[9.9.0.01,5.02,12.02,18.03,7.06,10.08,12.011,15.013,17.316,20]icosano. El nombre general "pagodano" se reserva para todos los compuestos que conserven la misma jaula central de 16 carbonos. Cada miembro de este grupo puede ser considerado como el resultado de conectar 8 átomos de esta jaula en pares por cada cuatro cadenas de alcano. El miembro general es denominado como [m.n.p.q]pagodano, en donde m, n, p y q son el número de carbonos de estas cuatero cadenas. La fórmula general es C16+sH12+2s, en donde s= m+n+p+q. En particular, el compuesto base C20H20 tiene esos carbonos conectados por 4 metilenos (m=n=p=q=1), y por lo tanto, el nombre semisistemático del primer pagodano es [126.96.36.199]pagodane.

Los "Betweenanenos" (betweenanenes en inglés) son alquenos bicíclicos que presentan una doble ligadura entre la cabeza de puente y una unión trans para cada ramificación del doble enlace, así que pueden ser denominados como trans-biciclo[m.n.0]alqu-1(m+2)-enos

Estructuras históricas del benceno
Mientras se elucidaba la estructura del benceno, diversas estructuras policíclicas fueron propuestas. Sus nombres triviales son denominadas como "benceno de" seguido del autor que la propuso:

Poliedranos o hidrocarburos platónicos

Los hidrocarburos platónicos son la representación molecular de geometrías de sólido platónico, con los vértices reemplazados por átomos de carbono y las aristas reemplazadas por enlaces químicos. No todos los sólidos platónicos tienen su contraparte molecular:

 La tetravalencia del carbono excluye un icosaedro (5 aristas encontrándose en cada vértice) como objetivo factible;
 La tensión angular prohíbe un octaedro. Dado que cuatro aristas se encuentran en cada esquina, no debería haber átomos de hidrógeno, y esta molécula octaédrica hipotética sería un alótropo C6 del carbono elemental, y no un hidrocarburo.

Por otra parte, los siguientes hidrocarburos platónicos han sido sintetizados:

 Tetraedrano (C4H4) o triciclo[1.1.0.02,4]butano ;
 Cubano (C8H8)o pentaciclo[4.2.0.02,5.03,8.04,7]octano;
 Dodecaedrano (C20H20).

Paddlanos y propelanos

Los paddlanos son hidrocarburos tricíclicos saturados con dos átomos de carbono como cabeza de puente unidos a través de cuatro puentes. Su nombre genérico sistemático es triciclo[m.n.o.p1,(m+2)] alcanos. Se ha definido una nomenclatura semisistemática para referirlos como [m.n.o.p] paddlanos (Cuando p=0, se denominan propelanos).

Véase también

 Sistema de nomenclatura de fusión
 Nomenclatura de hidrocarburos monocíclicos

Referencias

Nomenclatura de compuestos orgánicos

Nomenclatura de hidrocarburos policíclicos con puentes