Karin Ptaszek-Kochis, f. Ptaszek (født 24. december 1971) er en dansk tennisspiller, der var professionel på ITF Women's Circuit i perioden 1994-96, og som vandt fire ITF-titler i double og en titel i single. Ptaszek repræsenterede endvidere Danmark i Fed Cup i 25 holdkampe i perioden 1988-96. Fra 1997 til 2000 spillede hun for Brigham Young University, med hvem hun vandt to nationale holdmesterskaber.

Ptaszek har vundet 24 individuelle Danmarksmesterskaber i tennis, heraf syv i damesingle, ni i damedouble og otte i mixed double. Hun vandt den første titel som 19-årig i 1990, mens den sidste DM-titel blev vundet i 1999.

Efter sin professionelle karriere har Ptaszek uddannet sig og arbejdet i USA som lærer og tennistræner.

Internationale resultater

Karin Ptaszek spillede som professionel på ITF Women's Circuit i perioden 1994-96, hvor hun vandt fire ITF-titler i double og en titel i single og i alt vandt $ 46.280 i præmiepenge. Hendes største resultat var doublesejren i $25.000-turneringen i Brest i 1994 sammen med Els Callens. De fire øvrige titler blev vundet i $10.000-turneringer, der på det tidspunkt var den laveste kategori af turneringer på ITF Women's Circuit.

Hendes højeste placeringer på WTA's verdensrangliste opnåede hun i 1994 med en placering som nr. 265 i single og en 230.-plads i double.

Single

Turneringssejre (1)

Finalepladser (1)

Double

Turneringssejre (4)

Finalepladser (0)

Fed Cup

Ptaszek repræsenterede Danmark i Fed Cup i 25 holdkampe i perioden 1988-96, og hun er dermed den spiller, der har spillet fjerdeflest holdkampe for Danmark, kun overgået af Eva Dyrberg (40), Tine Scheuer-Larsen (35) og Karina I. Jacobsgaard (28).

I Fed Cup spillede hun i alt 39 enkeltkampe, i hvilke hun opnåede 23 sejre og 16 nederlag, heraf 13 sejre og 11 nederlag i single samt 10 sejre og 5 nederlag i double. Karin Ptaszek og Tine Scheuer-Larsen er den doublekonstellation, der gennem tiden har vundet flest kampe (5) for Danmarks Fed Cup-hold.

Nationale resultater

Karin Ptaszek har vundet 24 individuelle Danmarksmesterskaber i tennis i perioden fra 1990 til 1999, heraf syv i single, ni i damedouble og otte i mixed double, og hun ligger dermed på 14.-pladsen i statistikken over spillere, der gennem historien har vundet flest DM-titler.

 Udendørs-DM i tennis
 Damesingle
  Guld (4): 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995.
 Damedouble
  Guld (5): 1990, 1991 (m. Henriette Kjær-Nielsen), 1993 (m. Sofie Albinus), 1994, 1995 (m. Tine Scheuer-Larsen).
 Mixed double
  Guld (5): 1991, 1992, 1997, 1998, 1999 (m. Christian Camradt).

 Indendørs-DM i tennis
 Damesingle
  Guld (3): 1991, 1992, 1996.
 Damedouble
  Guld (4): 1991 (m. Henriette Kjær-Nielsen), 1993, 1994, 1996 (m. Tine Scheuer-Larsen).
 Mixed double
  Guld (3): 1992, 1994, 1996 (m. Christian Camradt).

Fra 1997 til 2000 spillede Karin Ptaszek for Brigham Young University, med hvem hun vandt to nationale holdmesterskaber.
 NCAA Women's Tennis Championship, Division II
 Hold
  Guld (2): 1999, 2000 (Brigham Young University).

Privatliv

Karin Ptaszek-Kochis er gift med Matt Kochis, og sammen har de to børn: Dylan og Kylie.

I perioden 1997-2009 uddannede Karin Ptaszek sig i markedsføring og ledelse på forskellige universiteter i USA.
 Bachelor i international business management fra Brigham Young University, Hawaii (1997-2000).
 MBA i markedsføring og ledelse fra Loyola University, Chicago (2002-06).
 PA Certified Business Teacher fra Immaculata University, Chester County (2007-09).

Hun har siden 2012 arbejdet som klubpro i Whitford Country Club nær Philadelphia, USA.

Kilder

 ITF - Karin Ptaszek
 WTA - Karin Ptaszek
 Fed Cup - Karin Ptaszek
 LinkedIn - Karin Ptaszek-Kochis
 Viking Athletics - Karin Ptaszek-Kochis
 Whitford Country Club - Racquets Pros

Tennisspillere fra Danmark
Tennistrænere fra Danmark
Tennisspillere fra HIK Tennis

Karin Ptaszek


Hipsometar (grč. ὕψος: visina), u meteorologiji, je mjerni instrument za određivanje nadmorske visine. Osniva se na određivanju vrelišta poznate tekućine izložene okolnomu zraku: dizanjem u visinu snizuje se tlak zraka, a ujedno i vrelište tekućine, pa se mjerenjem vrelišta, uz poznatu ovisnost vrelišta o tlaku, može odrediti i nadmorska visina. Instrument je osobito točan na velikim visinama.

Hipsometar u šumarstvu

U šumarstvu, hipsometar je visinomjer, mjerni instrument za mjerenje visine stabla. Konstrukcija se osniva na trigonometrijskome načelu ili na jednostavnim geometrijskim načelima sličnosti trokuta. Najstariji je i najjednostavniji takav instrument takozvani nosni križ. U šumarstvu je najpraktičniji Christenov visinomjer.

Izvori

Mjerni instrumenti

Hipsometar


Daratumumab, ou o aportuguesado Daratumumabe ou DALINVI, vendido sob a marca Darzalex, é um medicamento de anticorpo monoclonal anticancerígeno. Ele se liga ao CD38, que é superexpresso em células de mieloma múltiplo . O daratumumab foi originalmente desenvolvido pela Genmab, mas agora está sendo desenvolvido em conjunto pela Genmab juntamente com a Janssen Biotech, subsidiária da Johnson & Johnson, que adquiriu os direitos de comercialização mundial do medicamento da Genmab.

Daratumumab recebeu status de medicamento de terapia inovadora em 2013, para mieloma múltiplo . Foi concedido o status de medicamento órfão para mieloma múltiplo, linfoma difuso de grandes células B, linfoma folicular e linfoma de células do manto .

Usos médicos
Em novembro de 2015, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dos EUA aprovou o daratumumab para o tratamento do mieloma múltiplo em pessoas que receberam pelo menos três terapias anteriores. Em maio de 2016, o daratumumab também foi aprovado condicionalmente pela Agência Europeia de Medicamentos para o tratamento do mieloma múltiplo.

Em novembro de 2016, o FDA aprovou o daratumumabe em combinação com lenalidomida ou bortezomibe e dexametasona para o tratamento de pessoas com mieloma múltiplo que receberam pelo menos uma terapia anterior.

Em maio de 2018, a FDA ampliou a aprovação do daratumumabe para uso em combinação com bortezomibe, melfalano e prednisona para incluir o tratamento de pessoas com mieloma múltiplo recém-diagnosticado que não são elegíveis para transplante autólogo de células-tronco.

A Comissão Europeia concedeu uma autorização de introdução no mercado em 20 de maio de 2016.

Na União Europeia é indicado como monoterapia para o tratamento de adultos com mieloma múltiplo recidivante e refratário, cuja terapia prévia incluiu um inibidor de proteassoma e um agente imunomodulador e que demonstraram progressão da doença na última terapia.

Efeitos colaterais
O tratamento do mieloma múltiplo com daratumumab aumenta potencialmente a suscetibilidade do paciente a infecções bacterianas e virais, devido à morte das células natural killer (que são a principal defesa do sistema imunológico inato contra o vírus). Daratumumab frequentemente causa reativação do citomegalovírus humano (CMV) por um mecanismo desconhecido. Reações relacionadas à injeção (tipo inflamação) também são comuns.

Interações

Com teste de compatibilidade sanguínea
O daratumumabe também pode se ligar ao CD38 presente nos glóbulos vermelhos e interferir nos testes de rotina para anticorpos clinicamente significativos. As pessoas mostrarão um painel de anticorpos pan-reativos, incluindo um autocontrole positivo, que tende a mascarar a presença de quaisquer anticorpos clinicamente significativos. O tratamento das células do painel de anticorpos com ditiotreitol (DTT) e a repetição dos testes anularão eficazmente a ligação de daratumumab ao CD38 na superfície dos glóbulos vermelhos; no entanto, o DTT também inativa/destrói muitos antígenos na superfície dos glóbulos vermelhos ao romper as ligações dissulfeto . O único sistema de antígeno afetado que está associado a anticorpos comuns e clinicamente significativos é Kell, tornando o teste de prova cruzada com hemácias K-negativas uma alternativa razoável quando a transfusão urgente é indicada. Portanto, é aconselhável fazer uma triagem de anticorpos de linha de base e fenotipagem de Rh & Kell (tipo e triagem) antes de iniciar a terapia. Se a triagem de anticorpos for negativa, prossiga com as transfusões de fenótipo correspondente durante a terapia. Se a triagem de anticorpos for positiva, dê sangue negativo para o antígeno específico. A incompatibilidade pode persistir por até 6 meses após a interrupção do medicamento. Além disso, os centros de hemotransfusão devem ser notificados rotineiramente ao enviar tal amostra.

Com teste de citometria de fluxo
O daratumumabe também pode interferir na avaliação por citometria de fluxo do mieloma múltiplo, causando uma aparente falta de plasmócitos.

Farmacologia

Mecanismo de ação
Daratumumab é um anticorpo monoclonal IgG1k dirigido contra CD38 . CD38 é superexpresso em células de mieloma múltiplo. O daratumumab liga-se a uma sequência de aminoácidos do epítopo CD38 diferente do anticorpo monoclonal anti-CD38 isatuximab . O daratumumab liga-se ao CD38, causando a apoptose das células por meio de citotoxicidade celular dependente de anticorpos, citotoxicidade dependente de complemento, inibição da transferência mitocondrial ou fagocitose celular dependente de anticorpos .

Estes efeitos são dependentes dos mecanismos efetores imunes da região cristalizável do fragmento . A citotoxicidade celular dependente de anticorpos é por meio de células natural killer .

Ao contrário do isatuximab, que causa apoptose diretamente, o daratumumab apenas induz a apoptose indiretamente.

As células de mieloma múltiplo com níveis mais elevados de CD38 apresentam maior lise celular mediada por daratumumab do que células com baixa expressão de CD38. A enzima CD38 resulta na formação da substância imunossupressora adenosina, de modo que a eliminação de células contendo CD38 aumenta a capacidade do sistema imunológico de eliminar o câncer.

História
Resultados preliminares encorajadores foram relatados em junho de 2012, a partir de um ensaio clínico de Fase I/II em participantes com recaída de mieloma múltiplo . Os resultados do estudo atualizados apresentados em dezembro de 2012 indicam que o daratumumab continua a mostrar atividade anti-mieloma de agente único promissora. Um estudo de 2015 comparou a monoterapia 8 e 16 mg/kg em intervalos mensais a semanais.

Daratumumab recebeu status de revisão prioritária pela Food and Drug Administration (FDA) dos EUA para mieloma múltiplo como terapia combinada (segunda linha).

Ensaios de fase III com daratumumabe para mieloma múltiplo mostram grande promessa na terapia combinada com lenalidomida e dexametasona, bem como com bortezomibe e dexametasona .

Ligações externas

Medicamentos órfãos
Marcas da Johnson & Johnson
Fármacos que atuam no sistema imunológico

Daratumumab


Akiko Urasaki (Naha, Japan, 16. prosinca 1986.), poznatija po svom umjetničkom imenu Awich (エーウィッチ Awhich), japanska je reperica, pjevačica, pjesnikinja i redateljica videospotova. Umjetničko ime je uzela kao skraćenicu od Asia Wish Child, što je doslovni prijevod, s japanskog na engleski jezik, njenog osobnog imena Akiko (亜希子).Reperica - Awich  The Japanese Rap (pristupljeno 21. ožujka 2018.)</ref>

Rođena je u Nahi, gradu na otoku Okinawi u Japanu. Srednju školu je završila na Okinawi, dok je titulu prvostupnice poduzetništva i marketinga stekla u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama. Tijekom boravka u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, udala se i dobila dijete (Toyomi Jah'mira) s Amerikancem koji je poginuo 2011. godine, odmah nakon što je završila studij. Nakon toga se zajedno s djetetom vratila u Japan gdje je osnovala producentsku kuću Cipher City kako bi promovirala lokalne glazbenike.Frank, Alex: Upoznajte Akiko Urasaki, repericu s Okinawe koja je naučila engleski jezik slušajući Tupacove pjesme - i poslušajte njenu novu pjesmu Vogue, 30. rujna 2014. (pristupljeno 21. ožujka 2018.)</ref>

Počela je pisati poeziju i pjesme s trinaest godina, a njen prvi doticaj s hip-hop glazbom bio je album Tupaca Shakura All Eyez on Me. Engleski jezik naučila je slušajući svog idola, gledajući njegove intervjue te čitajući knjige. Godine 2006. objavila je svoj prvi album, odnosno EP Inner Research. Iste godine otišla je studirati u Atlantu, Georgiju. Godinu kasnije objavila je prvi studijski album Asia Wish Child. Sljedeći studijski album 8 objavila je tek deset godina kasnije, u suradnji s Chakijem Zuluom.

Diskografija
Studijski albumi
 Asia Wish Child (2007.)
 8 (2017.)

EP-ovi
 Inner Research (2006.)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Awich na Discogsu

Japanski pjevači
Japanski književnici
Japanski pjesnici
Hip hop glazbenici

Awich


لجنة كينغ - كراين  هي لجنة تحقيق عيّنها الرئيس الأمريكي وودرو ويلسون في أثناء انعقاد مؤتمر الصلح في باريس عام 1919 للوقوف على آراء أبناء سورية وفلسطين في مستقبل بلادهم. وقد اختار ولسون لرئاسة هذه اللجنة هنري كينغ، رئيس كلية أوبرلين بولاية أوهايو، وتشارلز كراين، وهو رجل أعمال بارز من شيكاغو. وبعد أن طافت هذه اللجنة في مختلف المدن السورية والفلسطينية ما بين 10 حزيران و21 تموز وضعت تقريراً أعلنت فيه أن الأكثرية المطلقة من العرب تطالب بدولة سورية مستقلة استقلالاً كاملاً، وترفض فكرة إنشاء وطن قومي لليهود في فلسطين.

الوضع العام
في مؤتمر باريس للسلام، سعت مجموعات من الدول الإمبريالية مثل فرنسا وبريطانيا إلى تقسيم الإمبراطورية العثمانية فيما بينها باستخدام نظام الانتداب بينما سعى القادة المناهضون للإمبريالية مثل الرئيس وودرو ويلسون والأمير فيصل بن الحسين لمعارضة مثل هذه الخطط. بدأ المؤتمر في عام 1919. في أعقاب الحرب العالمية الأولى، كان المشاركون مرهقين ومتعبين ومهتمين بشكل خاص بمصير الإمبراطورية العثمانية التي نافستهم بالحرب.

كان للفرنسيين على وجه الخصوص مطالبات واسعة النطاق في الشرق الأوسط. منذ أوائل عام 1900، بدأ الفرنسيون في بناء العلاقات والمطالبات على أسس سياسية وأخلاقية واقتصادية. لقد خلقوا دورًا لأنفسهم باعتبارهم الحامي التقليدي للمسيحيين اللبنانيين. دعم الفرنسيون الموارنة في لبنان بالإرساليات والمدارس، وعمّقوا علاقتهم مع المجتمع الديني المسيحي.  خشي العديد من المسيحيين اللبنانيين من الهيمنة كأقلية دينية ودعموا الانتداب الفرنسي. أعطى هذا المصداقية السياسية الفرنسية في المنطقة.

بالنهاية سيطر الرأسماليون الفرنسيون على 63٪ من الدين العام العثماني. هذا الارتباط الاقتصادي جعل فرنسا قلقة للغاية بشأن مصير الإمبراطورية العثمانية. كان الفرنسيون مصرين على أنه بسبب علاقتهم الفريدة مع سوريا، يجب أن يكونوا أحد الدول التي تحصل على تفويض في سوريا.

المفاوضات السرية

تحالف الفرنسيون مع البريطانيين للضغط على مطالبهم.  بينما لم يكن لدى البريطانيين نفس الصلة بالشرق الأوسط، كانوا لا يزالون مهتمين بتوسيع إمبراطوريتهم الاستعمارية الحالية والدفاع عنها. في ما أصبح يعرف باتفاقية سايكس بيكو، اتفق الفرنسيون والبريطانيون على تقسيم الشرق الأوسط بين البلدين بعد الحرب. عندما وصلوا إلى مؤتمر باريس للسلام، تفاوضت هذه الاتفاقية على الشرق الأوسط شبه مستحيل.  عندما اقترح الدبلوماسيون الأمريكيون لجنة كينج كرين للتحقيق في المشاعر الشعبية في سوريا الكبرى، استقبلها الدبلوماسيون الفرنسيون والبريطانيون بموافقة عامة، ولكن خلف الكواليس كانت النتيجة قد حُسمت بالفعل.  كما انخرط البريطانيون في مفاوضات سرية مع القوى العربية في مراسلات حسين مكماهون قبل انعقاد المؤتمر. في اتفاقية سايكس بيكو وفي وعد بلفور. عندما حان الوقت لاختيار الانتداب، شعر العرب أنهم لم يعودوا قادرين على الثقة في بريطانيا العظمى بسبب دعمهم للصهيونية.

الصهيونية والاستيطان اليهودي المبكر

كانت الصهيونية موضوعًا شائعًا ومثيرًا للجدل بين المؤرخين لسنوات عديدة. وبحسب الكاتب نديم روحانا، فإن "جوهر اللقاء حدث إذن بين مجموعة من الأشخاص الذين يعيشون في وطنهم ومجموعة من الأشخاص الذين قدموا من مناطق أخرى من العالم مسترشدين بفكر تدعي أن وطنهم هو وطنهم فقط. الصهيونية في عين روحانا دارت حول نظام الإقصاء الذي وصل فيه الصهيوني وسرق الأراضي التي أقاموا عليها. هذا التفسير مفهوم بالنظر إلى طبيعة دولة إسرائيل المستقبلية، لكنه ليس كذلك إعطاء صورة كاملة للشعب اليهودي في فلسطين.

تختتم الكاتبة دينا بورات حجة روحانا بالقول: «لم يدرس أي من القادة الصهاينة الذين تلقوا تعليمهم في أوروبا اللغة العربية تقريبًا... لم يتقن العرب اللغات الأوروبية أو العبرية التي يتحدث بها المستوطنون. خلق عدم وجود لغة مشتركة هوة موجودة اليوم». سبب المسافة بين المجموعتين يكمن في عدم الاستيعاب الثقافي.  هاتان النظرتان تثبتان أن المواجهة بين الصهاينة والعرب كانت واحدة حيث تم تجاهل الاختلافات الثقافية أو استغلالها.  استغل البريطانيون على وجه الخصوص التنافس بين هذه المجموعات مع وعد بلفور. قام وعد بلفور بمواءمة أهداف الصهيونية مع أهدافهم الإمبراطورية.

مؤتمر باريس للسلام 1919
تم اقتراح هذه اللجنة من قبل الولايات المتحدة كجهد دولي لتحديد ما إذا كانت المنطقة مستعدة لتقرير المصير ولرؤية أي الدول، إن وجدت، يريد السكان المحليون التصرف كقوى إلزامية . الدعم من الدول الأخرى، مع العديد من التأخيرات المزعومة. [بحاجة لمصدر] أدرك الأمريكيون تدريجياً أن البريطانيين والفرنسيين قد توصلوا بالفعل إلى صفقاتهم الخاصة حول مستقبل المنطقة، وأن المعلومات الجديدة لا يمكن أن تؤدي إلا إلى تعكير صفو الترتيبات الجارية. لذلك، قامت الولايات المتحدة وحدها برعاية اللجنة.

تأخر النشر
لم يكن القصد من نشر التقرير حتى أقر مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي بالفعل معاهدة فرساي، وهو ما لم يفعله أبدًا.  ونتيجة لذلك، تم إصدار التقرير للعامة فقط في عام 1922، بعد موافقة مجلس الشيوخ ومجلس النواب عبر قرار مشترك لصالح إنشاء «وطن قومي يهودي» في فلسطين على غرار وعد بلفور.  انقسم الرأي العام عندما علم أن الأغلبية العربية طلبت تفويضًا أمريكيًا مع جمعية تأسيسية منتخبة ديمقراطيًا.

التقرير
Its publication was initially suppressed for various reasons, and later reported by the وزارة الخارجية that publication "would not be compatible with the public interest". The Commission's report was ultimately published in the December 2, 1922 edition of the Editor & Publisher magazine.

 Report of the American Section of the International Commission on Mandates in Turkey, Paris, August 28, 1919, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919, Volume XII, Field Missions of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, Document 380, Paris Peace Conf. 181.9102/9 (Office of the Historian)
 King Crane Commission, "King-Crane report on the Near East," Editor and Publisher 55 no. 27 (winter 1922)

 World War I Document Archive
 IPCRI
 HRI
 King-Crane Commission Digital Collection, كلية أوبرلين Archives

المراجع

الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا ولبنان في 1919
الولايات المتحدة في 1919
تاريخ سوريا
تاريخ فلسطين
تبعات الحرب العالمية الأولى
تبعات الحرب العالمية الأولى في تركيا
علاقات دولية في 1919
ما بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى في الولايات المتحدة
وثائق فلسطين الانتدابية

لجنة كينغ - كراين


Luxeuil Abbey (), the Abbaye Saint-Pierre et Saint-Paul, was one of the oldest and best-known monasteries in Franche-Comté, located in what is now the département of Haute-Saône in Franche-Comté, France.

History

Columbanus
It was founded circa 590 by the Irish missionary Saint Columbanus. Columbanus and his companions first settled in cells at Annegray, in the commune of Voivre, Haute-Saône. Looking for a more permanent site for his community, Columbanus decided upon the ruins of a well-fortified Gallo-Roman settlement, Luxovium, about eight miles away. The Roman town had been ravaged by Attila in 451, and was now buried in the dense overgrown woodland that had filled the abandoned site over more than a century, but the place still had the advantage of the thermal baths ("constructed with unusual skill", according to Columbanus' early biographer, Jonas of Bobbio) down in the valley, which still give the town its name of Luxeuil-les-Bains. Jonas described it further: "There stone images crowded the nearby woods, which were honoured in the miserable cult and profane former rites in the time of the pagans".

With a grant from an officer of the palace at Childebert's court, an abbey church was built with a sense of triumph within the heathen site and its "spectral haunts".

Under the intellectual and spiritual stimulation of the Irish monks, the abbey at Luxeuil, dedicated to Saint Peter, soon became the most important and flourishing monastery in Gaul. The community was so large that choir followed choir in the chanting of the office, and at Luxeuil the laus perennis imported from Agaunum went on day and night.

Most of the earliest rule that was observed at Luxeuil derived from Celtic monastic traditions, whether or not written down by Columbanus, supplemented increasingly by the more formalized Benedictine Rule that was followed throughout the West, which provided for the abbot's orderly election, his relations with his monks, and the appointment of monastic officials and their delegated powers. In 603, a synod accused Columbanus of keeping Easter by the Celtic date, but his severity and the inflexible rule he had established may have been the true cause of friction with the Burgundian court.

Eustace of Luxeuil
Columbanus was exiled from Luxeuil by Theuderic II of Austrasia and the dowager Queen Brunehaut. He was succeeded as abbot by Saint Eustace of Luxeuil, the head of the monastic school, which under Eustace and his successor Saint Waldebert, established a high reputation. The extensive library and the great scriptorium are first attested under Abbot Waldebert (629–670).

The school and example of Luxeuil contributed significantly to the conversion of the Burgundians. Luxeuil sent out monks to found houses at Bobbio, between Milan and Genoa, where Columbanus himself became abbot, and monasteries at Saint-Valéry and Remiremont. To Luxeuil came such monks as Conon, abbot of Lérins Abbey to prepare for the reform of his monastery, and Saints Wandregisel and Philibert, founders respectively of the abbeys of Fontenelle and Jumièges in Normandy, who spent years in studying the rule observed in monasteries which derived their origin from Luxeuil.

Saracen, Viking and Hungarian raids
About 732, a raiding party of Moors under the general Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, governor of Al-Andalus, penetrating from Arles deep into Burgundy, briefly took possession of Luxeuil and massacred most of the community, including Abbot Mellinus. The few survivors rebuilt the abbey. In 816, under the reforming government of the eighteenth abbot, Saint Ansegisus, the Emperor Louis the Pious renewed its charters, restored the church and monastic buildings, and reformed discipline. The monastery and the small town that clustered around its walls were devastated by the Vikings in about 886.  In 917, it was sacked by the Hungarians.

Modern period
From the 15th century the institution of non-resident commendatory abbots encouraged the decline of discipline. The Emperor Charles V curtailed the power of Luxeuil's abbots.

In 1634, however, the commendatory abbots ceased, and Luxeuil was joined to the reformed Congregation of St. Vanne. From the report of the "Commission des Réguliers", drawn up in 1768, the community appears to have been numerous and flourishing, and discipline well kept.

French Revolution
At the French Revolution the monks were dispersed. Most of the abbey's site is built over by the modern town, but the fine Gothic church, built in the 14th century, was not destroyed; neither were the cloisters and conventual buildings, which until the "Association Laws" of 1901 were used as a seminary for the diocese of Besançon, and still remain in existence. The church itself, now known as the Basilica of St. Pierre (), has for many years served as the parish church of Luxeuil-les-Bains.

List of abbots
For a list of abbots, see Henri Baumont, Étude historique sur l'abbaye de Luxeuil (590–1790) (Luxeuil, 1895), appendix I.

 590–610 : St Columbanus
 610–625 : Eustace
 625–670 : St Waldebert
 670–6?? : Vindologus
 6??–665 : Berthoald
 665–682 : Ingofrid
 682–6?? : Cunctan
 6??–6?? : Rusticus
 6??–700 : Sayfrocius (Sayfarius)
 700–7?? : Ado
 7??–7?? : Arulf
 7??–7?? : Rendinus
 7??–7?? : Regnebert
 7??–7?? : Gerard I
 7??–7?? : Ratto
 7??–730 : Vinlincrannus (Vuikeranus)
 730–731 : St Mellinus
 731–746 : vacancy
 746–7?? : Frudoald
 7??–7?? : Gaylembus
 7??–764 : Airibrand
 764–7?? : Boso
 7??–785 : Grimoald
 785–786 : Andrew I
 786–7?? : Docto
 7??–8?? : Siliernus
 8??–817 : Dadinus
 817–834 : St Ansegisus
 834–834 : Drogo
 834–855 : Fulbert
 856–888 : St Gibart
 ???–??? : Eudes I
 948–983 : Guy I
 983–1018 : Aalongus
 1018–10?? : Milo
 10??–1049 : William I
 1049–10?? : Gerard II
 10??–10?? : Roger
 10??–10?? : Robert
 10??–10?? : Guy II
 1090–1023 : Thibaud I
 1123–1136 : Hugh I
 1136–1139 : Josserand
 1139–1147 : Stephen I
 1147–1160 : Gerard III
 1160–1165 : Peter I
 1165–1178 : Sifroi
 1178–1186 : Bouchard
 1186–1189 : Gerard IV
 1189–1201 : Olivier d'Abbans
 1201–1204 : Frederick
 1204–1209 : Hervé
 1209–1219 : Hugh II
 1219–1234 : Simon
 1234–1265 : Thibaud II
 1265–12?? : Régnier
 12??–1271 : Hugh III
 1271–1287 : Charles I
 1287–1308 : Thibaud III de Faucogney
 1308–1314 : Stephen II
 1314–1319 : vacancy
 1319–1345 : Eudes II de Châtillon
 1345–1351 : Fromond de Corcondray
 1351–1363 : Guillaume II de Saint-Germain
 1364–1382 : Aymon de Mollans
 1382–1416 : Guillaume III de Bussul
 1416–1416 : Pierre II de Lugney
 1416–1424 : Étienne III Pierrecy de L'Isle
 1424–1427 : Guy III Pierrecy de L'Isle
 1427–1431 : Jean I d'Ungelles
 1431–1449 : Guy IV Briffaut
 1449–1468 : Jean II Jouffroy
 1468–1495 : Antoine I de Neuchâtel
 1495–1533 : Jean III de La Palud de Varambon
 1534–1541 : François I de La Palud de Varambon
 1542–1560 : François II Bonvalot
 1560–1586 : Antoine II Perrenot de Granvelle
 1587–1600 : Louis de Madruce
 1600–1601 : André II d'Autriche
 1601–1622 : Antoine III de La Baume
 1622–1631 : Philippe de La Baume
 1633–1642 : Jérôme Coquelin
 1642–1671 : Jean–Baptiste Ier Clerc
 1671–1671 : Claude–Paul de Bauffremont
 1671–1671 : Emmanuel Privey
 1671–1680 : Jean–Baptiste II Joseph-Hyacinthe de Bauffremont
 1680–1733 : Charles II  Emmanuel de Bauffremont
 1733–1741 : vacancy
 1741–1743 : René de Rohan-Soubise
 1743–1790 : Jean IV Louis-Aynard de Clermont-Tonnerre

See also

List of Merovingian monasteries
Merovingian architecture
Merovingian art

Notes

External links
 Catholic Encyclopedia article: Luxeuil
  Northvegr: Roman ruins of the baths at Luxeuil

Benedictine monasteries in France
Merovingian architecture
Christian monasteries established in the 6th century
Buildings and structures in Haute-Saône
Irish monastic foundations in continental Europe
Churches in Haute-Saône

Luxeuil Abbey


Crkva sv. Luke Evanđelista u Kolanu jest župna crkva sagrađena 1441. godine. Nalazi se u Kolanu na Pagu

Opis
Sagrađena je 1441. godine.  Župnik Luka Sabalić obnovio je crkvu 1705. godine podigavši je za jedan metar te zamijenivši joj krovne crjepove. Crkva je duga 12, široka 5, a visoka 8 metara. Okružena je grobljem. Zvona su nabavljena 1875. i uzdižu se iznad glavnog ulaza s dva zvonika. U središtu crkve nalaze se tri oltara. U sredini je kip svetoga Luke, a po strani su kipovi sv. Ivana Krstitelja i sv. Josipa te sv. Ćirila i Metoda. Manji kip sv. Josipa na konju nalazi se na vrhu oltara. Bočni su oltari Djevice Marije Karmelske i Srca Isusova. Godine 2007. župna su crkva i okoliš obnovljeni.

Izvori

Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj
Pag
Crkve sv. Luke

Crkva sv. Luke Evanđelista u Kolanu


This is a list of the U.S. Billboard magazine Hot 100 number-ones of 1991. The longest running number-one single of 1991 is "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" by Bryan Adams, which attained seven weeks at number-one. ("Black or White" by Michael Jackson would also spend a total of seven weeks at #1, but only four of those weeks were in the 1991 calendar year.)

That year, 14 acts earn their first number one song, such as Surface, C+C Music Factory, Freedom Williams, Timmy T, Londonbeat, Hi-Five, Extreme, EMF, Color Me Badd, Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch, Loleatta Holloway, Karyn White, The New Power Generation, and P.M. Dawn. Mariah Carey and Paula Abdul were the only acts to hit number one more than once, with Mariah Carey having the most with three and Paula Abdul having two.

The November 30 chart ("Set Adrift on Memory Bliss") was the first Hot 100 to be compiled with Soundscan data.

Chart history

Number-one artists

See also
1991 in music
List of Cash Box Top 100 number-one singles of 1991
List of Billboard number-one singles

References

Additional sources
Fred Bronson's Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition ()
Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-2008, 12 Edition ()
Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Nineties ()
Additional information obtained can be verified within Billboard's online archive services and print editions of the magazine.

United States Hot 100
1991

List of Billboard Hot 100 number ones of 1991


An Encyclia knowlesii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ruben Primitivo Sauleda ngan R.M.Adams. An Encyclia knowlesii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Encyclia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Bahamas. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Encyclia

Encyclia knowlesii


La deuxième saison de District Z, aussi appelée District Z :  est une émission de télévision française diffusée sur TF1, du  au  (pour les deux premiers épisodes). Elle est animée par Denis Brogniart et tournée à Plailly, dans l'Oise, non loin du Parc Astérix.

Production et organisation
Denis Brogniart présente l'émission. Il possède le rôle d'envoyé du , accueille les candidats, leur explique les règles et leur donne des conseils.

L'émission est produite par Arthur, et sa société de production Satisfaction.

Lieu de tournage
Le tournage s'est déroulé du 7 au . Comme pour la saison passée, il a eu lieu à Plailly, dans l'Oise, à proximité du Parc Astérix.

Participants et bilan par épisode
Le tableau ci-après présente les célébrités participantes, ainsi que l'association défendue et les gains emportés :

Audiences et diffusion
En France, l'émission est diffusée les samedis, sur TF1, à partir du . Un épisode dure environ  (publicités incluses), la diffusion débute à  pour se terminer à . Chaque épisode est découpé en deux parties d' et de , diffusées juste en suivant.

En raison d'audiences jugées mauvaises, la saison est déprogrammée dès le . Les trois épisodes restant à diffuser le seront à une date non communiquée.

Légende :

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 District Z - TF1
 Denis Brogniart - Arthur
 Émission de télévision

Liens externes

Saison de District Z
2021 à la télévision en France

Saison 2 de District Z


Magnúss saga lagabœtis es una de las sagas reales escrita en nórdico antiguo; trata sobre la vida y reinado de Magnus VI de Noruega. De la obra solo han sobrevivido algunos fragmentos.

La saga fue escrita por el caudillo y también historiador islandés Sturla Þórðarson. Sturla visitó Noruega en 1278 y se supone que inició el trabajo sobre la saga a requerimiento del mismo rey Magnus. Anteriormente Sturla se había encargado de escribir la saga sobre el padre de Magnus, Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar. Existen indicios que la narrativa continuó hasta la muerte del rey Magnus, lo que significa que siguió escribiéndose desde Islandia, finalizando en algún momento entre 1280 (año de la muerte de Magnus) y 1284 (año de la muerte de Sturla).

Solo ha llegado una hoja de manuscrito original, de una copia del . Por otro lado, algunos pasajes fueron copiados en anales islandeses y gracias a eso llegó el redactado hasta nuestros tiempos.

Los fragmentos nos muestran algunos destellos de narrativa realista, escrita en orden cronológico, una reminiscencia de los trabajos de Sturla en Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar. No se sabe si la narración comenzó con la entronación de Magnus tras la muerte de su padre, continuando así la narrativa de Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar, o si se inició con el nacimiento de Magnus, ya que la primera parte de la saga no se ha conservado.

Magnúss saga lagabœtis fue una de las últimas sagas reales que fueron escritas y el rey Magnus el último monarca que tuvo una saga propia.

Enlaces externos
 Los fragmentos de Magnúss saga lagabœtis (en nórdico antiguo)

Sagas reales

Magnúss saga lagabœtis


Die evangelische Kirche St. Trinitatis ist eine der größten Dorfkirchen Thüringens und die Pfarrkirche von Herbsleben.

Geschichte
Wenn man davon ausgeht, dass Herbsleben einmal Königssitz gewesen ist, muss die Kirche einige Vorgängerbauten gehabt haben, möglicherweise erfolgte die Kirchengründung unter Bonifatius und Wigbertus als Marienkirche um 730 n. Chr.

Herbsleben war bis zur Reformation Sitz eines Erzpriesters. Im Jahre 1602 – Jahreszahl an der Nordseite des Turms – wurde die Kirche grundlegend umgebaut und in Trinitatiskirche umbenannt. Bei einem Großbrand im Ort im Jahre 1818, dem das Schloss und viele Häuser, Scheunen und Stallungen zum Opfer fielen, brannte auch die Kirche nieder und wurde bis 1820 wieder aufgebaut.

Ausstattung
Der 46 m hohe Kirchturm hat seine heutige Gestalt seit 1913.

Die Kanzel, heute in der Mitte an der Empore im Altarraum angebracht, befand sich ursprünglich an der nördlichen unteren Empore. In den 1960er Jahren erhielt die Kirche eine Winterkirche im Erdgeschoss des Turms. 1983 und 2005 wurde die alte Winterkirche modernisiert. Der Gräfenhainer Künstler Gert Weber (* 1951) schuf das dreiteilige Altarbild aus Acrylglas.

Ab 1992 erfolgte die Außensanierung. Im Jahr 2000 wurden im Vorraum zur Winterkirche Toiletten eingebaut, um den Anforderungen als Radfahrerkirche Rechnung zu tragen. Ebenso wurde die Sakristei gegenüber (ehemals Kohlenlager) renoviert.

Orgel
Die Orgel, die beim Brand 1818 zerstört wurde, war im 18. Jahrhundert von Tobias Heinrich Gottfried Trost erbaut worden. Nach dem Brand erhielt die Kirche eine neue Inneneinrichtung sowie eine neue Orgel aus der Werkstatt der Familie Hesse aus Dachwig. 1920 wurde die Orgel durch einen Neubau von Hugo Böhm ersetzt.

Friedhof
Die Kirche wird vom ehemaligen Friedhof flankiert, der heute als Parkplatz und als Marktplatz genutzt wird. Der heutige Friedhof befindet sich südöstlich der Kirche in etwa 200 m Entfernung. Die Südseite der Kirche trägt Epitaphe mit Darstellungen Herbslebener Dynastien.

Ausstellung
Die untere der beiden Emporen birgt Exponate aus der Kirchen- und Ortsgeschichte.

Ehrung
Im Jahre 2005 wurde die Kirche einer der acht Preisträger des Jahres beim Thüringer Denkmalschutzpreis (Kategorie Einzeldenkmale).

Bilder der Kirche

Einzelnachweise

Quellen
 Informationsmaterial in der Kirche

Weblinks

 Informationen zur Kirche auf der Website des Kirchenkreises Gotha

Herbsleben
Herbsleben
Erbaut in den 1820er Jahren
Herbsleben
Herbsleben

St. Trinitatis (Herbsleben)


The College of Education and Human Sciences (CEHS) is one of nine colleges at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln (NU) in Lincoln, Nebraska, United States. The college was established on June 6, 2003 when the College of Human Resources and Family Sciences was merged with Teachers College. CEHS uses facilities across NU's City Campus and East Campus. Sherri Jones has served as dean of the college since 2019.

CEHS includes seven departments: teaching, learning, and teacher education; educational administration; educational psychology; child, youth and family studies; nutrition and health sciences; special education and communication disorders; and textiles, merchandising and fashion design.

History

The College of Education and Human Sciences at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln was established on June 6, 2003 when the University of Nebraska Board of Regents approved the merger of the College of Human Resources and Family Sciences and Teachers College.

In 2020, the university demolished Mabel Lee Hall and on the site constructed Caroline Edwards Pope Hall to house many CEHS programs. The $38 million, 126,590-square foot facility is named in honor of Caroline Pope, a longtime professor in the college who died in 2018. It was opened in September of 2022 in advance of hosting its first classes in January of 2023.

Programs

Child, Youth, and Family Studies
The University of Nebraska offered its first home economics class in 1905. The program gradually expanded and by 1962 included five departments: Family Economics and Management, Home Economics Education, Human Development and the Family, Textiles, Clothing and Design, and Food and Nutrition. In the 1970s, similar departments from NU and Omaha were merged.

NU established a nursery school in 1925, one of the first of its kind in the country. Three years later, a building specifically designed to house the child development lab was constructed under the guidance of program director Ruth Staples. Staples led the lab, which was later named in her honor, for nearly three decades. The program was moved to East Campus in 1969; in 2017, the university announced initial planning had begun to construct a new building for the Ruth Staples Child Development Lab.

Nutrition and Health Sciences
In 1891, the University of Nebraska established the Department of Health and Human Performance when physical training became mandatory for female students. Many of the school's early facilities were relocated from the Home Economics Building to the Nebraska Coliseum upon its completion in 1925; a standalone Food and Nutrition Building was completed in 1943 and was later renamed for longtime program director Ruth M. Leverton. The department is now primarily located across three East Campus buildings: Ruth Leverton Hall, Filley Hall, and the Gwnedolyn A. Newkirk Human Sciences Building.

The Nutrition and Health Science department includes the school's athletic training and nutrition science programs, both of which work closely with NU's athletics teams. In 2022, the university opened the Scarlet Hotel on Nebraska Innovation Campus, which will serve as the home of the Hospitality, Restaurant and Tourism Management program.

Teachers College
The University of Nebraska first offered pedagogy classes in 1888 and formally established Teachers College in 1908. Enrollment in the college grew rapidly following a statewide referendum in 1914 that required public school teachers to be college-educated, and in 1919 a new facility was completed to house Teachers College. The building (also named "Teachers College") was located on what was then the east edge of campus; though it has undergone significant modifications, the Teachers College building is still in use as part of the Canfield Administration Building North. The Teachers College program was relocated to the corner of 14th and Vine Streets in the 1950s and includes several of CEHS's pedagogy departments.

Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design

The Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design department was established at Nebraska in 1898 as the School of Domestic Science. Rosa Bouton led the program in its early years, and it quickly grew from twenty-seven students to approximately three hundred when she resigned in 1912. The School of Domestic Science initially focused on educating women in areas such as sewing, cooking, and finance, but expanded as opportunities for college women did. Eventually, the textiles school was split from the home economics school and joined what is now CEHS.

In 2020, chancellor Ronnie D. Green announced the Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design program was likely to be eliminated as part of budget cuts attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic. The school reversed course months later following "department restructuring."

International Quilt Museum
The Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design school operates the International Quilt Museum, which houses the largest known public collection of quilts in the world. The museum was founded in 1997 as the International Quilt Study Center and Museum following a donation of approximately 950 quilts from Ardis and Robert James. The center opened a new facility in 2008 just off NU's East Campus.

External links
College of Education and Human Sciences
Child, Youth and Family Studies
Educational Administration
Educational Psychology
Nutrition and Health Sciences
Special Education and Communication Disorders
Teaching, Learning and Teacher Education
Textiles, Merchandising and Fashion Design

References

University of Nebraska–Lincoln

College of Education and Human Sciences (University of Nebraska–Lincoln)


Güz pamukçukurdu tırtılı (Alsophila pometaria), Geometridae familyasına ait, yaklaşık 2,5 cm boyunda bir tırtıl türü.

Bu güve tırtılı, yumurtadan yeni çıktığında yaprağın ince damarları arasındaki dokuyla beslenir, pupa evresine yaklaşırken, yaprağın kalın damarları arasındaki tüm dokuları yer.

Özellikle beslendikleri ağaçlar, elma, karaağaç, çitlembik, akçaağaç, meşe, ceviz ve söğüttür.

Dış bağlantılar

Mühendis kelebekleri

Güz pamukçukurdu tırtılı


Somnambulist conocido tanto en América Latina como en España bajo la traducción literal de Sonámbulo es el decimoprimer episodio de la primera temporada de la serie de televisión estadounidense Ángel. Escrito por Tim Minear y dirigido por Winrich Kolbe. Se estrenó originalmente el 18 de enero de 2000.

Argumento
Ángel está comenzando a tener extraños y aterradores sueños en los que aparentemente asesina a personas como en alguna ocasión lo hizo como Ángelus. Algo que parece paralelo a los recientes asesinatos que han empezado a desatarse en Los Ángeles, pues todas las víctimas han perecido de la misma manera: desangrándose.

Wesley es el primero en percatarse de eso gracias a la vasta investigación que realizó sobre el vampiro cuando empezó a trabajar como vigilante en Sunnydale. Según sus archivos Ángelus a finales del  marcaba a sus víctimas con una cruz en la mejilla izquierda, de la misma manera que las víctimas han sido encontradas en la actualidad. En un principio Wesley tiene problemas para persuadir a Cordelia, pero cuando Ángel admite que puede ser el responsable como un sonámbulo, ambos encadenan al vampiro a una cama con la esperanza de probar la inocencia de su jefe. A la mañana siguiente es publicada la noticia de la aparición de otro cuerpo; lo que significa que Ángel no es el asesino. No obstante con la noticia Ángel se percata que el asesino es Penn, un vampiro que creó hace años y que lo acompañó en la época de sus caracterizadas mutilaciones.

Ángel se entera de que Kate está investigando los asesinatos de Penn y decide ayudarla en la investigación con la esperanza de interceptar a su "creación" antes que la policía y exterminarlo. Ángel le da a Kate un dibujo del rostro de Penn y la descripción de su próxima víctima. A pesar de desconfiar del conocimiento que Ángel posee sobre el asesino, Kate obedece y consigue detener a Penn antes de asesinar a un joven. Sin embargo también lo persigue hasta un edificio donde contempla horrorizada a Ángel y a Penn como son en realidad: unos vampiros.

El hecho deja desconcertada a Kate, quien deja de confiar en Ángel, y comienza una investigación sobre vampiros para poder detener los asesinatos de la ciudad, una investigación que la lleva a aprender la historia de Ángelus. Por otra parte, un enfurecido Penn se compromete a torturar a Ángel matando a personas de forma más "original" luego de descubrir que su adorado creador es un luchador del bien. Con ayuda de Wesley, Ángel consigue descifrar el plan de Penn, quien ha decidido engendrar a Kate como vampira. Afortunadamente Ángel consigue detener el plan de su creación y ambos comienzan una feroz batalla en la que Kate se forzada a intervenir clavandolé una estaca al corazón de Penn que a la vez atraviesa parte del abdomen de Ángel. Kate le confirma al vampiro que decidió no matarlo pero queda en claro que la relación de ambos no volverá a ser la misma.

En Investigaciones Ángel un deprimido Ángel es consolado por Cordelia quien le recuerda que ya no es el mismo vampiro de antes y que su misión redentora va por buen camino.

Elenco

Principal
 David Boreanaz como Ángel.
 Charisma Carpenter como Cordelia Chase.
 Alexis Denisof como Wesley Wyndam Pryce (integrado oficialmente).

Producción

Actuación
El actor Alexis Denisof reemplaza a Glenn Quinn luego de la muerte de Doyle.

Redacción
Después de escribir el primer borrador, Tim Minear tuvo que reescribir ciertas partes que se ajustaran a la llegada de Wesley y la salida de Doyle; la escena final del tejado originalmente era entre Angel & Doyle. El título original del episodio era "The Killer I Created", hasta que un detalle de internet, orilló a Minear a alterar el título. "Fui al sitio de mensajes de Buffy... cambié el título y dije que trataba de sueños y cosas horribles que puedes hacer cuando duermes, algo que decepcionó a los fans," declaró Minear.

Minear hablo sobre Kate finalmente descubriendo que Ángel es un vampiro diciendo: " la clave del episodio." Otra escena comentada, que fue considerada como una destacada, es cuando Kate atraviesa a Ángel para estacar a Penn. Minear lo llama "el momento perfecto. Porque es Ángel abriéndose y de hecho tomando la responsabilidad de todas las cosas horribles que ha hecho en una especie de película con vísceras."

Continuidad
 Kate descubre que Ángel es un vampiro un hecho que cambia la relación de los dos.
 Las fotos de Ángel usadas por la físcalia para poder reconocerlo parecen las mismas que los vídeos de seguridad grabaron durante el desastre emocional de los policías que se desató cuando el pequeño Tony fue arrestado.
 Wesley y Cordelia catalogan la relación de Ángel y Buffy como "incomoda".
 Ángel le comenta a Penn que fue maldecido por los gitanos antes de poder reunirse.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Episodios de la primera temporada de Angel

Somnambulist (Angel)


Læbeplantning er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 1950.

Handling
Råoptagelser til film om beplantning langs jernbaneskinnerne.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1950

Læbeplantning


An Thelasis carnosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Oakes Ames ngan Charles Schweinfurth. An Thelasis carnosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Thelasis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Thelasis

Thelasis carnosa


أكاديمية سانتا تشيشيليا الوطنية  هي معهد موسيقي أسس بمرسوم بابوي أصدره البابا سيكستوس الخامس عام 1585. تعد من أقدم المعاهد الموسيقية في العالم.

مراجع

التعليم في روما
تأسيسات سنة 1585
تأسيسات سنة 1585 في إيطاليا
جمعيات علمية في إيطاليا
مدارس موسيقى في إيطاليا
هيئات تعليمية أسست في عقد 1580

أكاديمية سانتا تشيشيليا الوطنية


Američko katoličko sveučilište (engl. Catholic University of America), privatno je istraživačko i papinsko sveučilište u Washingtonu i jedina visokoškolska ustanova sufinancirana sredstvima Biskupske konferencije Sjedinjenih Država. Utemeljeno je 1887. uz dozvolu pape Lava XIII., a kamen temeljac za gradnju sveučilišta postavio je tadašnji američki predsjednik Stephen Grover Cleveland zajedno s članovima Vlade i Kongresa. Sveučilište je smješteno u washingtonskom naselju Brookland, poznatog i kao »Mali Rim« poradi niza katoličkih ustanova smještenih u njemu. Njeguje suradnju s Kolumbovim vitezovima i drugim katoličkim ustanovama u SAD-u. Sveučilište su tijekom povijesti posjetili pape Ivan Pavao II. (1979.), Benedikt XVI. (2008.) i Franjo (2015.)

U sklopu Sveučilišta djeluje dvanaest sastavnica i 21 istraživački centar, kao i izdavačka kuća Catholic University of America Press. Na Sveučilištu, između ostalih, djeluje i Udruženje američkih katoličkih bibličara koje izdaje ugledni znanstveni časopis Catholic Biblical Quarterly. Unutar Sveučilišta djeluje i nekoliko knjižnica, a među njima i Knjižnica Oliveira Lime, poznata i kao Iberoamerička knjižnica, s najvećom zbirkom knjižne građe na brazilskom portugalskom jeziku izvan Brazila. Prvo je sveučilište u SAD-u koje na kojem je doktorat obranila jedna Afroamerikanka - Marguerite Williams iz geologije 1942.

Sastavnice Sveučilišta uključuju:
 Arhitektonski fakultet
 Conweyev fakultet sestrinstva
 Ekonomski fakultet »Tim i Step Busch«
 Fakultet kanonskog prava (jedini u SAD-u, ustanovila Sveta Stolica 1932.)
 Fakultet strojarstva
 Fakultet teologije i religijskih znanosti
 Filozofski fakultet
 Kolumbov pravni fakultet
 Metropolitan School of Professional Studies
 Nacionalni katolički fakultet socijalnog rada
 Znanstveno-umjetnički fakultet

Povezani članci
 Sveučilište Notre Dame

Vanjske poveznice
 Službene stranice

Američka sveučilišta
Papinska sveučilišta
Washington, D.C.

Američko katoličko sveučilište


Der Arroyo San Francisco ist ein Fluss in Uruguay. Er entspringt im südlichen Teil des Departamentos Lavalleja an der Grenze zum Nachbardepartamento Maldonado. Seine Quelle liegt südöstlich von Minas in der Sierra de Carapé und nordöstlich derjenigen des Arroyo Pan de Azúcar. Der Arroyo San Francisco gehört zum Einzugsgebiet des Río Santa Lucía.

Der Fluss verläuft in überwiegend nordwestliche Richtung. Südlich von Minas wird er an einem 250 Meter langen Staudamm zu einem Stausee aufgestaut. Der etwa eine Million Kubikmeter Wasser enthaltende Stausee gehört zum staatlichen Wasserversorgungsunternehmen OSE. Die dazugehörige Wasseraufbereitungsanlage wurde 1934 eingeweiht und nach dem Ingenieur Carlos Maggiolo benannt.

Nördlich von Minas trifft der Arroyo San Francisco auf den Arroyo Campanero Grande. Der in seinem Verlauf über rund 30 Kilometer führende Arroyo San Francisco wird einerseits als Zufluss des Rió Santa Lucía andererseits als in den Arroyo del Campanero mündend beschrieben.

Einzelnachweise

Fluss im Departamento Lavalleja

Arroyo San Francisco


Karen Julia "Kaz" Carney, MBE (født 1. august 1987) er en engelsk fodboldspiller, der spiller for Chelsea Ladies i FA WSL for Englands kvindefodboldlandshold. Siden hun fik debut på landsholdet i 2005, har hun spillet over 120 landskampe for England. Hun har deltaget ved store turneringer som f.eks. EM i 2005, 2009, 2013 og 2017 og ved VM fodbold i 2007, 2011 og 2015. Hun konkurrerede også for Storbritanniens hold ved sommer-OL 2012.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindelige fodboldspillere fra England
Kvindelige fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra England
Fodboldspillere ved sommer-OL 2012

Karen Carney


Otočje Galápagos
 Galápagos (pokrajina), ekvadorska pokrajina
 Galápagos (1955.), film
 Galápagos (roman), roman Kurta Vonneguta iz 1985.
 Galápagos (dokumentarna serija iz 2006.), britanska dokumentarna serija
 Galápagos (dokumentarna serija iz 200t.), britanska dokumentarna serija

Galápagos (razdvojba)


Gasteria carinata var. carinata, una variedad de Gasteria carinata, es una  planta suculenta perteneciente a la familia Xanthorrhoeaceae. Es originaria de Sudáfrica.

Descripción
Es una planta herbácea perennifolia, suculenta con tallo con hojas de 2 a 5 cm de largo, las hojas, en número de 15-18, están dispuestas en una roseta densa múltiple, y son lanceoladas, de color verde suave y oscuro, con abundante y pequeñas manchas blancas. La inflorescencia en forma de racimo simple, con brácteas pequeñas, lanceoladas.

Taxonomía
Gasteria carinata var. carinata publicación desconocida
Sinonimia
Lista de sinónimos

Referencias

Enlaces externos

carinata var. carinata

Gasteria carinata var. carinata


Gregory C. "Greg" Johnson (* 16. März 1971 in Thunder Bay, Ontario; † 8. Juli 2019 in Detroit, Michigan) war ein kanadischer Eishockeyspieler, der im Verlauf seiner aktiven Karriere zwischen 1988 und 2006 unter anderem 822 Spiele für die Detroit Red Wings, Pittsburgh Penguins, Chicago Blackhawks und Nashville Predators in der National Hockey League auf der Position des Centers bestritten hat. Johnson war zwischen 2002 und 2006 der zweite Mannschaftskapitän in der Franchise-Geschichte der Nashville Predators. Sein Bruder Ryan Johnson war ebenfalls professioneller Eishockeyspieler.

Karriere
Greg Johnson begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler in seiner Heimatstadt bei den Thunder Bay Flyers, für die er in der Saison 1988/89 in der Juniorenliga United States Hockey League aktiv war. Mit seiner Mannschaft gewann er auf Anhieb den Clark Cup, während er selbst zum Stürmer des Jahres der USHL gewählt wurde. Anschließend wurde er im NHL Entry Draft 1989 in der zweiten Runde als insgesamt 33. Spieler von den Philadelphia Flyers ausgewählt, für die er allerdings nie spielte. Stattdessen besuchte er von 1989 bis 1993 die University of North Dakota, für deren Eishockeymannschaft er parallel in der Western Collegiate Hockey Association spielte.

Anfang 1993 gaben ihn die Philadelphia Flyers an die Detroit Red Wings ab. Für das Team aus Michigan gab er in der Saison 1993/94 sein Debüt in der National Hockey League, während er parallel zu sieben Einsätzen für dessen Farmteam Adirondack Red Wings aus der American Hockey League kam. Am 27. Januar 1997 wurde er im Tausch gegen den Schweden Tomas Sandström an die Pittsburgh Penguins abgegeben. Bereits im Oktober desselben Jahres transferierten ihn die Penguins für den Finnen Tuomas Grönman zu den Chicago Blackhawks. Zuletzt spielte der ehemalige Nationalspieler von 1998 bis 2006 für den NHL-Neuling Nashville Predators. Am 14. August 2006 unterschrieb Johnson einen Kontrakt bei den Detroit Red Wings, für die er jedoch nicht mehr zum Einsatz kam, da er zu Beginn der Saison 2006/07 am 11. Oktober 2006 seine Karriere als aktiver Sportler beendete. Zuvor hatte die medizinische Untersuchung im Rahmen der Saisonvorbereitung eine Herzerkrankung ergeben.

Greg Johnson starb im Alter von 48 Jahren in seinem Haus in Detroit. Dies teilte sein früherer Manager, Tom Laidlaw, mit. Zur Todesursache wurden keine Angaben gemacht.

International
Mit der kanadischen Nationalmannschaft nahm Johnson im Juniorenbereich an der Junioren-Weltmeisterschaft 1991 teil, bei der er mit seiner Mannschaft die Goldmedaille gewann. Im Seniorenbereich stand er im Aufgebot der Nationalmannschaft bei der Weltmeisterschaft 1993 sowie den Olympischen Winterspielen 1994 in Lillehammer. Bei den Winterspielen 1994 gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft die Silbermedaille.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen

International
 1991 Goldmedaille bei der Junioren-Weltmeisterschaft
 1994 Silbermedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen

Karrierestatistik

International
Vertrat Kanada bei:
 Junioren-Weltmeisterschaft 1992
 Weltmeisterschaft 1993
 Olympischen Winterspielen 1994

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Eishockeynationalspieler (Kanada)
Eishockeyspieler (North Dakota Fighting Hawks)
Eishockeyspieler (Adirondack Red Wings)
Eishockeyspieler (Detroit Red Wings)
Eishockeyspieler (Pittsburgh Penguins)
Eishockeyspieler (Chicago Blackhawks)
Eishockeyspieler (Nashville Predators)
Olympiateilnehmer (Kanada)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1994
U20-Junioren-Weltmeister (Eishockey)
Kanadier
Geboren 1971
Gestorben 2019
Mann

Greg Johnson


Samer Majali () is a Jordanian businessman and was the CEO of Gulf Air from 2009 until his resignation was announced on 2 December 2012. He served as the CEO until 31 December 2012 and currently is the CEO of Royal Jordanian.

Biography

Majali has also served as the CEO of Royal Jordanian airlines from 2002-2009, and was credited for transforming the airline into one of the most successful in the region. Under his management, the airline recorded its first ever net profit. Upon his successful management of RJ, he was persuaded by the Government of Bahrain to assume the position of CEO of Gulf Air in 2009. His career began in 1979.

He attended Dean Close School and Cranfield University in England.

References

External links
  A biography of Samer Majali (archived) Global Travel Tourism

Living people
Jordanian businesspeople
Year of birth missing (living people)
People educated at Dean Close School
Alumni of Cranfield University
Royal Jordanian people

Samer Majali


Aksu, Kars ilinin Susuz ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün eski adı 1889 ve 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Ağzıaçık olarak geçmektedir. 2009 yılından sonra bugünkü adını almıştır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Kars il merkezine 30 km, Susuz ilçe merkezine 10 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus
Köyde 1886 yılında 143 Türk ve 33 Kürt yaşamaktaydı.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Susuz belde ve köyleri

Aksu, Susuz


Warren Brown (* 11. Mai 1978 in Warrington, Grafschaft Cheshire) ist ein britischer Schauspieler.

Leben
Warren Brown wurde 1978 im nahe Manchester gelegenen Warrington in Nordwestengland geboren. Zunächst strebte er eine Profikarriere als Thaiboxer an. Sein Filmdebüt gab er 2004 in der Fernsehserie Shameless. Sein schauspielerischer Durchbruch gelang ihm im folgenden Jahr in der Seifenoper Hollyoaks, wo der jugendlich aussehende Warren Brown trotz seiner damals 27 Jahre den jungen Studenten Andy Holt mimte. Diese Darstellung und seine Rolle in dem im Irakkrieg angesiedelten Dreiteiler Occupation bescherten ihm Nominierungen für britische Fernsehpreise. Warren Brown hat sich fast ausschließlich auf Darstellungen in Fernsehserien festgelegt. Hierzulande erlangte er größere Bekanntheit durch die tragende Rolle des DS Justin Ripley in der 2012 im ZDF ausgestrahlten BBC-Krimiserie Luther. Mit Luther-Regisseur Sam Miller hatte er bereits 2010 für den BBC-Vierteiler Single Father zusammengearbeitet. Seit 2017 ist er in der Serie Strike Back zu sehen.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Filme
 2011: Up There
 2012: Byzantium
 2015: Kicking Off – Alles tanzt nach meiner Pfeife! (Kicking Off)

Fernsehserien
 2004–2005: Shameless
 2005–2006: Hollyoaks
 2006: Jane Hall
 2007–2008: Grownups
 2008: Dead Set
 2009: Die Besatzer (Occupation; Miniserie)
 2010: Single Father
 2010–2013: Luther
 2012: Inside Men
 2012: Good Cop
 2013: Agatha Christie's Marple
 2015–2017: X Company (Fernsehserie, 28 Episoden)
 2017–2020: Strike Back
 2020: Doctor Who

Weblinks

 Offizielle Seite von Warren Brown (englisch)

Filmschauspieler
Brite
Geboren 1978
Mann

Warren Brown


إنغريد كوتر Ingrid Kötter (ولد في 23 يونيو 1934 في هاغن في فيستفالن بلقب جوبل) هي مؤلفة كتب أطفال وشباب. كما تكتب للتلفاز وكذلك مسرحيات إذاعية وأشعار وروايات.

وصلات خارجية

أشخاص يحتمل أن يكونوا أحياء
كتاب وكاتبات ألمان
مواليد 1934
مواليد في هاغن

إنغريد كوتر


est un genre éteint de fougères arborescentes préhistoriques.

Liste des espèces
 Sigillaria boblayi
 Sigillaria brardi
 Sigillaria cumulata
 Sigillaria davreuxi
 Sigillaria elegans
 Sigillaria elongata
 Sigillaria laevigata
 Sigillaria mammiliaris
 Sigillaria orbicularis
 Sigillaria ovata
 Sigillaria principes
 Sigillaria rugosa
 Sigillaria sauveuri
 Sigillaria schlotheimiana
 Sigillaria tesselata

Notes et références

Liens externes

†
†
Genre de plantes préhistoriques (nom scientifique)
Taxon fossile décrit en 1822

Sigillaria


The Jiyun (Chi-yun; ) is a Chinese rime dictionary published in 1037 during the Song Dynasty. The chief editor Ding Du (丁度) and others expanded and revised the Guangyun. It is possible, according to Teng and Biggerstaff (1971:147), that Sima Guang completed the text in 1067. The Jiyun has 53,525 character entries (Teng & Biggerstaff, 1971: 147), approximately twice as many as the Guangyun, and likewise has 206 rime groups.

See also
Rime dictionary
Rime table

References
 Teng, Ssu-yü and Biggerstaff, Knight. 1971. An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works, 3rd ed. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Chinese dictionaries
Song dynasty literature
Middle Chinese
Traditional Chinese phonology
11th-century Chinese books

Jiyun


.mw ist die länderspezifische Top-Level-Domain (ccTLD) des Staates  Malawi. Sie wurde am 3. Januar 1997 eingeführt und wird vom Malawi Sustainable Development Network Programme verwaltet.

Eigenschaften
Domains dürfen zwischen einem und 63 Zeichen lang sein und werden ausschließlich auf zweiter Ebene vergeben. Adressen wie .de.mw stellen keine offiziellen Second-Level-Domains dar, sie werden privat gehandelt. Im internationalen Vergleich spielt .mw eine untergeordnete Rolle.

Weblinks
 Website der Vergabestelle

Einzelnachweise

Malawi
Länderspezifische Top-Level-Domain

.mw


Lesogórskaya  es una stanitsa del raión de Apsheronsk del krai de Krasnodar, en Rusia. Está situada en las vertientes septentrionales del Cáucaso Occidental, en la orilla derecha del río Pshish (400 m al sur de la desembocadura del Granatka), afluente del Kubán, 18 km al noroeste de Apsheronsk y 69 km al sureste de Krasnodar, la capital del krai. Su población era de 805 habitantes en 2010.

Pertenece al municipio Tvérskoye.

Historia

Fue fundada con el nombre de Nikolenkovo.

Transporte

En la localidad se halla la plataforma Nikolenkovo de la línea Armavir-Tuapsé de la red del ferrocarril del Cáucaso Norte.

Enlaces externos y referencias

Este artículo contiene datos geográficos extraídos de Google Earth y el mapa de Rusia de Yandex.ru, accesible desde este enlace.
Este artículo es en parte una traducción de su correspondiente en la edición en ruso de Wikipedia, Лесогорская.
Mapa topográfico en maps.vlasenko.net .

Localidades del raión de Apsheronsk del krai de Krasnodar

Lesogórskaya


The Buyid dynasty (), also spelled Buwayhid (), was a Shia Muslim Iranian dynasty of Daylamite origin, which mainly ruled over Iraq and central and southern Iran from 934 to 1062. Coupled with the rise of other Iranian dynasties in the region, the approximate century of Buyid rule represents the period in Iranian history sometimes called the 'Iranian Intermezzo' since, after the Muslim conquest of Persia, it was an interlude between the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate and the Seljuk Empire.

The Buyid dynasty was founded by 'Ali ibn Buya, who in 934 conquered Fars and made Shiraz his capital. His younger brother Hasan ibn Buya conquered parts of Jibal in the late 930s, and by 943 managed to capture Ray, which he made his capital. In 945, the youngest brother, Ahmad ibn Buya, conquered Iraq and made Baghdad his capital. He received the laqab or honorific title of Mu'izz al-Dawla ("Fortifier of the State"). The eldest, 'Ali, was given the title of 'Imad al-Dawla ("Support of the State"), and Hasan was given the title of Rukn al-Dawla ("Pillar of the State").

As Daylamite Iranians, the Buyids consciously revived symbols and practices of Iran's Sasanian Empire. Beginning with Imad al-Dawla, some of the Buyid rulers used the ancient Sasanian title of Shahanshah (), literally "king of kings". The Buyids had many inscriptions carved at the Achaemenid ruins of Persepolis, thus suggesting a form of veneration of the site, which the Buyids thought was built by the mythical Iranian king Jamshid.

The Buyid dynasty reached its zenith under Adud al-Dawla (), who is remembered for his open-mindedness and building projects such as the Band-e Amir near Shiraz. Under him, the Buyid realm stretched from the Byzantine border in Syria in the west to the borders of Khorasan in the east.

Although the Buyids were initially Zaydi Shi'a, for political advantages they became Twelver Shi'a following the Greater Occultation of the twelfth Imam in 941. Regardless, the Buyids were known for supporting the Sunni Abbasid caliphs and being tolerant of the Sunni population, who formed the majority of their realm. They were, by contrast, unfriendly towards the Isma'ili Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.

Contrary to the Samanids, who ruled over a mostly Sunni Muslim population in Central Asia, the Buyid realm was populated by many Zoroastrians and Christians. Because of this, many records written under the Buyids were composed in Middle Persian, Syriac and Arabic.

Origins
The word Būya (Arabic Buwayh) is a Middle Persian name ending in the diminutive  (Middle Persian -ōē, modern Persian -ūyeh, Arabic -uwayh). The Buyids were descendants of Panah-Khusrow, a Zoroastrian from Daylam. He had a son named Buya, who was a fisherman from Lahijan, and later left Zoroastrianism and converted to Islam. Buya later had three sons, named Ahmad, 'Ali, and Hasan, who would later carve out the Buyid kingdom together. The Buyids claimed royal lineage from Bahram V (), the King of Kings (shahanshah) of the Sasanian Empire.

History

Rise (934–945)
The founder of the dynasty, 'Ali ibn Buya, was originally a soldier in the service of the Daylamite warlord Makan ibn Kaki, but later changed his adherence to the Iranian ruler Mardavij, who had established the Ziyarid dynasty, and was himself related to the ruling dynasty of Gilan, a region bordering Daylam. 'Ali was later joined by his two younger brothers, Hasan ibn Buya and Ahmad ibn Buya. In 932, 'Ali was given Karaj as his fief, and thus was able to enlist other Daylamites into his army. However, 'Ali's initiative proved too much for Mardavij, who planned to have him killed, but 'Ali was informed of Mardavij's plan by the latter's own vizier. The brothers, with 400 of their Daylamite supporters, then fled to Fars, where they managed to take control of Arrajan. However, the Buyids and the Abbasid general Yaqut shortly fought for control of Fars, with the Buyids eventually emerging victorious. This victory opened the way for the conquest of the capital of Fars, Shiraz.

'Ali also allied with the landowners of Fars, which included the Fasanjas family, which would later produce many prominent statesmen for the Buyids. 'Ali also enlisted more soldiers—including Turks, who were made part of the cavalry. 'Ali then sent his brother Ahmad on an expedition to Kerman, but was forced to withdraw after opposition from the Baloch people and the Qafs. However, Mardavij, who sought to depose the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad and recreate a Zoroastrian Iranian Empire, shortly wrested Khuzestan from the Abbasids and forced 'Ali to recognize him as his suzerain.

Luckily for the Buyids, Mardavij was assassinated shortly thereafter in 935, which caused chaos in the Ziyarid territories, a perfect situation for the Buyid brothers; Ali and Ahmad conquered Khuzistan, while Hasan captured the Ziyarid capital of Isfahan, and, in 943, captured Rey, which became his capital, thus conquering all of Jibal. In 945, Ahmad entered Iraq and made the Abbasid Caliph his vassal, at the same time receiving the laqab Mu'izz ad-Dawla ("Fortifier of the State"), while 'Ali was given the laqab Imād al-Dawla ("Support of the State"), and Hasan was given the laqab Rukn al-Dawla ("Pillar of the State").

Height of power and Golden age (945–983)

In addition to the other territories the Buyids had conquered, Kerman was conquered in 967, followed by Oman (967), the Jazira (979), Tabaristan (980), and Gorgan (981). After this, however, the Buyids went into a slow decline, with pieces of the confederation gradually breaking off and local dynasties under their rule becoming de facto independent.

Decline and fall (983–1062)
The death of Adud al-Dawla is considered the start of the decline of the Buyid dynasty; his son Abu Kalijar Marzuban, who was in Baghdad when he died, at first kept his death secret to ensure his succession and avoid civil war. When he eventually made the death of his father public, he was given the title of "Samsam al-Dawla". However, Adud's other son, Shirdil Abu'l-Fawaris, challenged his authority, and the feared civil war occurred anyway. Meanwhile, a Kurdish Marwanid chieftain named Badh ibn Dustak seized Diyabakr and forced Samsam al-Dawla to recognize him as the vassal ruler of the region. Furthermore, Mu'ayyad al-Dawla, son of and successor to Rukn al-Dawla, also died during this period. Mu'ayyad al-Dawla was succeeded by his brother Fakhr al-Dawla, who, with the aid of Mu'ayyad al-Dawla's vizier Sahib ibn 'Abbad, became the ruler of Mu'ayyad al-Dawla's possessions. Another son of Adud al-Dawla, Abu Tahir Firuzshah, established himself as the ruler of Basra and took the title of "Diya' al-Dawla", while another son, Abu'l-Husain Ahmad, established himself as the ruler of Khuzistan, taking the title of "Taj al-Dawla".

Shirdil Abu'l-Fawaris (known by his title of "Sharaf al-Dawla") quickly seized Oman from Samsam al-Dawla, and, in 983, the Turkic troops of Samsam al-Dawla mutinied against him and some left Iraq for Fars, but most of them were persuaded by his relative Ziyar ibn Shahrakawayh to stay in Iraq. However, Iraq was in a grim state, and several rebellions occurred, which he managed to suppress, the most dangerous being that of Asfar ibn Kurdawayh, who tried to make Abu Nasr Firuz Kharshadh (known by his title of "Baha' al-Dawla") the ruler of Iraq. During the same period, Samsam al-Dawla also managed to seize Basra and Khuzistan, forcing his two brothers to flee to Fakhr al-Dawla's territory.

During the mid-11th century, the Buyid amirates gradually fell to the Ghaznavids and Seljuk Turks. In 1029, Majd al-Dawla, who was facing an uprising by his Daylami troops in Ray, requested assistance from Mahmud of Ghazna. When Sultan Mahmud arrived, he deposed Majd al-Dawla, replaced him with a Ghaznavid governor and ended the Buyid dynasty in Ray.

In 1055, Tughril conquered Baghdad, the seat of the caliphate, and ousted the last of the Buyid rulers. Like the Buyids, the Seljuks kept the Abbasid caliphs as figureheads.

Government
The Buyids established a confederation in Iraq and western Iran. This confederation formed three principalities: one in Fars, with Shiraz as its capital, the second one in Jibal, with Ray as its capital, and the last one in Iraq, with Baghdad as its capital. However, during their late period, more principalities formed in the Buyid confederation. Succession was hereditary, with rulers dividing their land among their sons.

The title used by the Buyid rulers was amir, meaning "governor" or "prince". Generally, one of the amirs would be recognized as having seniority over the others; this individual would use the title of amir al-umara, or senior amir. Although the senior amīr was the formal head of the Būyids, he did not usually have any significant control outside of his amirate; each amir enjoyed a high degree of autonomy within his territories. As mentioned above, some stronger amirs used the Sassanid title of Shahanshah. Furthermore, several other titles such as malik ("king"), and malik al-muluk ("king of kings"), were also used by the Buyids. On a smaller scale, the Buyid territory was also ruled by princes from other families, such as the Hasanwayhids.

Military

During the beginning of the Buyid dynasty, their army consisted mainly of their fellow Daylamites, a warlike and brave people of mostly peasant origin, who served as foot soldiers. The Daylamites had a long history of military activity dating back to the Sasanian period, and had been mercenaries in various places in Iran and Iraq, and even as far as Egypt. The Daylamites, during a battle, normally bore a sword, a shield, and three spears. Furthermore, they were also known for their formidable shield formation, which was hard to break through.

However, when the Buyid territories increased, they began recruiting Turks into their cavalry, who had played a prominent role in the Abbasid military. The Buyid army also consisted of Kurds, who, along with the Turks, were Sunnis, while the Daylamites were Shi'i Muslims. However, the army of the Buyids of Jibal was mainly composed of Daylamites.

The Daylamites and Turks often quarrelled with each other for dominance within the army. To compensate their soldiers, the Buyid amīrs often distributed iqtāʾs, or the rights to a percentage of tax revenues from a province (tax farming), although the practice of payment in kind was also frequently used. While the Turks were favoured in Buyid Iraq, the Daylamites were favoured in Buyid Iran.

Culture

Language
Contrary to the Samanids, the Buyids did not adopt Dari (also known as New Persian) as their official language. Instead, Arabic served as the lingua franca of their realm, while Middle Persian was occasionally used as a secondary court language. Although the Buyids were of Iranian stock, they supported writing in Arabic, and also used the language in their correspondence, as well as poetry.

It is uncertain why the Buyids did not promote the use of New Persian. According to the historians Edmund Herzig and Sarah Stewart in their book Early Islamic Iran (2011), it may have been due to three factors; the Buyids had been influenced during their stay in Baghdad and thus aspired to be important supporters of Arabic writing; New Persian may have been discouraged by the Zoroastrian priests, who still wrote in Middle Persian in regions such as Fars; New Persian may have been very different/at odds with the dialects of western Iran, and was only mostly welcomed in eastern Iran.

However, New Persian was still used as language of poetry at the Buyid courts. Many prominent poets in the Buyid realm wrote in New Persian, such as Abu Muhammad Mansur ibn Ali al-Mantiqi al-Razi, Khusrawi Sarakhsi and Abu Zayd Muhammad ibn Ali al-Ghada'iri al-Razi. The Persian vizier Sahib ibn Abbad (died 995), who was the leading figure at the Buyid court at Ray for a lengthy period, wrote only in Arabic, which he preferred instead of his native tongue. However, he also accepted New Persian panegyrics that were dedicated to him.

The Buyids also promoted the use of fahlaviyat, a designation for poetry composed in the local northwestern Iranian dialects and languages. Due to having a large Zoroastrian and Christian population, many records written under the Buyids were composed in Middle Persian, Syriac and Arabic.

Naming traditions, celebrations and identity

While the brothers that established the Buyid kingdom had the Arabic names of Ali, Hasan, and Ahmad, the second Buyid generation notably had Iranian names, such as Kamrava, Marzuban, Bahram and Khusraw. The Buyids had many inscriptions carved at the Achaemenid ruins of Persepolis, thus suggesting a form of veneration of the site, which the Buyids thought was built by the mythical Iranian king Jamshid. Adud al-Dawla celebrated the ancient Iranian festivals of Sadeh and Mehregan, and like many previous Islamic rulers—including the caliphs—he most likely celebrated Nowruz as well. He used Nowruz as a model for two newly created festivals, which were celebrated annually in the town of Fana Khusraw-gird.

Under the Buyids, the idea of "Iranshahr" (Iran) appears in geographical works, which were all written in Arabic by mostly Iranian authors. The geographer Istakhri, who was active in the late 10th-century and wrote; "The best cultivated (ma'mur), fairest and most fertile part of the world, and the most established in its political life is the kingdom of Iranshahr."

Herzig and Stewart adds that;

Religion
Like most Daylamites at the time, the Buyids were Shia and have been called Twelvers. However, it is likely that they began as Zaydis. Moojen Momen explains this transition from Zaydism to Twelverism, by noting that, since the Buyids were not descendants of Ali, the first Shi'i Imam, Zaydism would have required them to install an Imam from Ali's family. So, Buyids tended toward Twelverism, which has an occulted Imam, a more politically attractive option to them.

The Buyids rarely attempted to enforce a particular religious view upon their subjects except in matters where it would be politically expedient. The Sunni Abbasids retained the caliphate but were deprived of all secular power. In addition, to prevent tensions between the Shia and the Sunnis from spreading to government agencies, the Buyid amirs occasionally appointed Christians to high offices instead of Muslims from either sect.

Architecture

Under the supervision of the Buyids, large construction and engineering projects took place, such as irrigation systems and agricultural developments, all of which led to an increase in income. In comparison to other local rulers in Iraq, particularly the Baridis and Hamdanids, it was clear that the Buyids had a liking to construction projects. When Mu'izz al-Dawla arrived in Iraq, the country had been ravaged as a result of local struggles over control of Baghdad. Under his instructions, the Baduriya dam on the Rufayl river was restored, subsequently resulting in lower prices of common foods, such as bread. This also inspired people to migrate to Baghdad.

It was during the reign of Adud al-Dawla that most of the Buyid construction and restoration projects took place. Under him, Shiraz became so crowded that the garrison had no place to roam, which led Adud al-Dawla to have a special quarter created, Fana Khusraw-gird ("Fana Khusraw made it"), a name which deliberately reflected the name of towns established by the Sasanian kings. The town of Firuzabad, considered to be linked to the Sasanian king Ardashir I (), was revamped by Adud al-Dawla, possibly done in order to stress his claim to Sasanian ancestry. One of Adud al-Dawla's lasting building projects was the mausoleum erected on the burial place of Ali.

Buyid rulers

Major rulers
Generally, the three most powerful Buyid amirs at any given time were those controlling Fars, Jibal and Iraq. Sometimes a ruler would come to rule more than one region, but no Buyid rulers ever exercised direct control of all three regions.

Buyids in Fars
 Imad al-Dawla (934–949)
 'Adud al-Dawla (949–983)
 Sharaf al-Dawla (983–989)
 Samsam al-Dawla (989–998)
 Baha' al-Dawla (998–1012)
 Sultan al-Dawla (1012–1024)
 Abu Kalijar (1024–1048)
 Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun (1048–1051)
 Abu Sa'd Khusrau Shah (1051–1054)
 Abu Mansur Fulad Sutun (1051–1062)

Buyids in Ray
 Rukn al-Dawla (935–976)
 Fakhr al-Dawla (976–980)
 Mu'ayyad al-Dawla (980–983)
 Fakhr al-Dawla (restored) (984–997)
 Majd al-Dawla (997–1029)

Buyids in Iraq
 Mu'izz al-Dawla (945–967)
 'Izz al-Dawla (966–978)
 'Adud al-Dawla (978–983)
 Samsam al-Dawla (983–987)
 Sharaf al-Dawla (987–989)
 Baha' al-Dawla (989–1012)
 Sultan al-Dawla (1012–1021)
 Musharrif al-Dawla (1021–1025)
 Jalal al-Dawla (1025–1044)
 Abu Kalijar (1044–1048)
 Al-Malik al-Rahim (1048–1055)

Minor rulers
It was not uncommon for younger sons to found collateral lines, or for individual Buyid members to take control of a province and begin ruling there. The following list is incomplete.

Buyids in Basra
 Diya' al-Dawla (980s)

Buyids in Hamadan
 Mu'ayyad al-Dawla (976–983)
 Shams al-Dawla (997–1021)
 Sama' al-Dawla (1021–1024)

Buyids in Kerman
 Qawam al-Dawla (1012–1028)

Buyids of Khuzistan
 Taj al-Dawla (980s)

Family tree

See also

Iranian Intermezzo
List of kings of Persia
List of Shi'a Muslims dynasties

Notes

References

Sources

 Edward Granville Browne, Islamic Medicine, 2002,

States and territories established in the 930s
States and territories disestablished in the 1060s
934 establishments
Medieval Iraq
Dynasties in Persia and Iran
Shia dynasties

Buyid dynasty


Kardelen, Tunceli ilinin Hozat ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün eski adı "Tavuklar"dır. 1530 yılında yapılan tahrirde yerleşimden, "Tavuk" adıyla Çemişgezek sancağının Kirpüzek nahiyesine bağlı bir köy olarak bahsedilmektedir. 16. yüzyıl kayıtlarına göre köyde sadece Müslümanlar yaşamaktadır. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kuruluşuyla da Tavuklar adıyla görülen yerleşimin ismi, 1990'larda Kardelen olarak değiştirilmiştir.

Coğrafya
Tunceli iline 50 km, Hozat ilçesine 6 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Yerelnet

Hozat belde ve köyleri

Kardelen, Hozat


Juana de Moura Corte Real y Moncada (meados do século XVII — Veneza, 28 de julho de 1717) foi uma aristocrata espanhola de origem portuguesa, mas estabelecida na Itália por via dos seus dois matrimonios. Foi princesa consorte de San Gregorio, e, suo jure, duquesa de Nocera e marquesa de Castelo Rodrigo.

Referências

Nobreza da Espanha
Nobreza da Itália

Joana de Moura Corte Real y Moncada


Pilleurs de rêves (titre original : ) est un roman pour jeunes adultes de Cherie Dimaline, auteure de la nation métisse de l'Ontario (Canada), publié le 1er septembre 2017 par Cormorant Books. L'ouvrage est ensuite traduit en français par Madeleine Stratford et publié aux éditions Boréal en 2019.

Résumé
L'histoire se déroule dans un futur dystopique où la plupart des gens ont perdu la capacité de rêver avec des conséquences psychologiques catastrophiques. Les autochtones, qui sont les seules personnes qui peuvent encore rêver, sont chassés pour leur moelle. Leur moelle osseuse détient le remède. Frenchie, le principal protagoniste, qui a perdu sa mère récemment et dont le père est parti, se cache avec son frère Mitch dans la forêt. Des agents de l'école buissonnière, surnommés « les recruteurs », surviennent pour les enlever. Mitch tentent de les semer mais il est capturé en donnant à Frenchie le temps de s'échapper. Frenchie rencontre alors un groupe dirigé par un homme plus âgé, Miigwans, avec lequel il tente de gagner le nord, la terre de ses ancêtres qui est une zone de sécurité, pour sauver les siens.

Contexte de création
Cherie Dimaline est inspirée par les jeunes autochtones avec qui elle travaille. En écrivant Pilleurs de rêves, elle cherche à créer un roman dans lequel ces jeunes peuvent se voir comme des protagonistes et comme des personnes avec un avenir. Elle choisit la figure d'un adolescent pour narrateur en raison de l'intensité émotionnelle doit ressentir et exprimer dans ses actions. Son projet vise à rejoindre et à toucher tant les jeunes autochtones et que les non autochtones, à un âge où ils sont en mesure de comprendre ces thèmes.

Elle traite de ce sujet difficile qu'est le génocide car elle veut que les lecteurs sachent que de tels événements sont arrivés aux peuples autochtones dans le passé. Cherie Dimaline a déclaré qu'elle souhaite que les lecteurs repartent en se disant « Je ne laisserais plus jamais cela se reproduire ». L'auteur incorpore des catastrophes climatiques et des troubles politiques dans le roman, qui se déroule dans une quarantaine d'années après les deux premières décennies du XXIe siècle. Cherie Dimaline a également déclaré qu'elle a écrit le livre afin de faire savoir aux gens que tout le monde doit respecter les histoires des différentes personnes.

Cherie (prononcé comme le mot français pour « chère ») Dimaline grandit dans la communauté métisse de la baie Georgienne, un établissement autochtone près de Penetanguishene, en Ontario.

Pilleurs de rêve abordent un univers fictif symbolique où les autochtones nord-américains sont les seuls à pouvoir encore rêver. Leur moelle osseuse contient le remède aux maux. Il soulève aussi la question de la justice sociale.

« Frenchie  se joint à un groupe d'Amérindiens et ils voyagent constamment vers le nord dans l'espoir d'éviter le gouvernement qui les tue systématiquement » .

Accueil

Réponse critique
L'accueil critique pour Les Pilleurs de rêves est positif et le livre  reçoit les éloges de revue telles que Kirkus Reviews, qui déclaré : « Bien que la présence des femmes dans l'histoire soit minimisée, Miigwans est un véritable héros; en lui, Cherie Dimaline crée un personnage d'une profondeur émotionnelle et d'une tendresse incroyables, reliant les lecteurs à la complexité et à la compassion des peuples autochtones ». Pour Quill & Quire, Jessica Rose écrit que le livre de Cherie Dimaline « plonge les lecteurs dans la vie complexe de personnages riches et nuancés contraints de naviguer dans un monde qui ressemble trop au nôtre ». Dans The Globe and Mail, Shannon Ozirny écrit que « Dimaline prend l'un des tropes les plus connus de la littérature jeunes adultes - la dystopie - et l'utilise pour établir des parallèles explicites entre les horreurs imaginées dans un futur fictif et les véritables horreurs historiques du colonialisme et des pensionnats ». Elle qualifie le livre de « magnifiquement écrit car il est choquant et douloureux ».

Une critique sur Quill & Quire déclare: « Bien que le roman aborde un sujet lourd, The Marrow Thieves il demeure léger grâce à la prose gracieuse, presque fragile de Dimaline ». Elle dit également: « [Dimaline] propose une magnifique voie souterraine pour un monde qui semble avoir été endommagé de façon irréparable. Le récit du passage à l'âge adulte dans le livre, notamment la romance naissante de Frenchie avec la rebelle et courageuse Rose, ajoute des éléments de tendresse et d'espoir ».

Jully Black de Canada Reads 2018 loue et apprécie l'exploration par l'auteure du thème de la famille choisie, où les personnages se sont réunis sans lien de sang et créent leur propre famille reconstituée.

Nominations et prix
Le roman remporte le prix du Gouverneur général pour la littérature jeunesse de langue anglaise 2017, le prix Burt 2018 pour la littérature des Premières Nations, métisses et inuites, le prix Sunburst 2018 pour la fiction pour jeunes adultes et le prix Kirkus 2017 dans la catégorie littérature jeunesse. Il est l'un des livres en compétition pour le concours Canada Reads  et il est répertorié dans les 100 meilleurs livres de 2017 du Globe and Mail . Il est nommé pour le prix White Pine 2018. Le roman fait l'objet d'une traduction française par Madeleine Stratford ayant été présélectionnée pour le prix du Gouverneur général pour la traduction de l'anglais au français 2019.

Suite de l'œuvre
La suite officielle, Chasseurs d'étoiles (Hunting By Stars), sort le 19 octobre 2021. Cette suite poursuit l'histoire de Frenchie, aujourd'hui âgé de dix-sept ans, et de sa famille qu'il a retrouvé.

En septembre 2019, Cherie Dimaline publie un deuxième livre de la série, Sur les terres du loup (), à la suite de Joan, une « femme au cœur brisé dont le mari a disparu il y a un an, pour revenir avec un nouveau nom et sans aucun souvenir de son passé ». En annonçant le livre, Cherie Dimaline affirme : « Empire of Wild est le livre qui vient après The Marrow Thieves parce qu'il est basé sur une histoire traditionnelle que ma grand-mère me racontait tout le temps. L'histoire traditionnelle était une légende métisse. Parlant d'écrire sur une femme en tant que protagoniste, Cherie Dimaline déclare: « J'ai décidé que j'allais écrire sur une vraie femme. Les femmes que je connais, les femmes que j'aime, les femmes qui m'ont élevée, la femme que j'espère être».

Sur les terres du loup sort le 17 septembre 2019  et est généralement bien accueilli par les critiques. Jason Sheehan de NPR fait l'éloge des thèmes et de l'histoire du livre, en disant: «Il est serré, austère, viscéral, beau - riche là où la richesse est justifiée, mais économe là où le désir et le chagrin ont aiguisé chaque mot. Et à travers de multiples narrateurs, des chronologies déconnectées, les géographies étranges de la mémoire et de la narration, Dimaline a créé quelque chose qui est à la fois actuel et intemporel, mythique mais personnel » .

Notes et références

Liens externes

Roman dystopique
Roman canadien paru en 2017
Roman de science-fiction canadien
2017 en science-fiction

Pilleurs de rêves


José María Pellejero Blanch (nacido el 16 de agosto de 1935 en Buenos Aires, Argentina) es un ex-futbolista argentino. Jugaba de centrocampista y su primer club fue Estudiantes de La Plata. Tiene  y desarrolló la mayor parte de su carrera en España.

Carrera

Comenzó su carrera en 1950 jugando para Estudiantes de La Plata. Jugó para el club platense hasta 1952. En 1957 se trasladó a España para formar parte de las filas del Granada CF. Se mantuvo en el equipo hasta 1960. Ese año se fue al Racing de Santander, en donde se mantiene firme hasta 1962. Ese año se trasladó al Elche CF, en donde se retiró definitivamente del fútbol profesional en 1963.
Falleció en Granada el 31 de enero de 1999.

Clubes

Enlaces externos

 Ficha en BDFA

Futbolistas de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Futbolistas del Club Estudiantes de La Plata
Futbolistas del Granada Club de Fútbol en los años 1950
Futbolistas del Granada Club de Fútbol en los años 1960
Futbolistas del Real Racing Club de Santander en los años 1960
Futbolistas del Elche Club de Fútbol en los años 1960

José Pellejero


موقعة هستينكش (14 أكتوبر 1066) تعد هذه المعركة نصرًا حاسمًا للنورمان في حملتهم لغزو إنجلترا، دارت المعركة بين الجيش النورماني بقيادة وليام الفاتح والجيش الإنجليزي بقيادة هارولد جادوينسون عند تل سينلاك على بعد ما يقرب من 10 كم شمال غرب هستينكش.

مراجع

إنجلترا في 1066
التاريخ العسكري سوسيكس
تاريخ سوسيكس
تاريخ شرق سوسكس
تاريخ هيستينغز العسكري
غزو النورمان لإنجلترا
معارك الأنجلوساكسونيين
معارك النورمان
معارك إنجلترا
نزاعات في 1066
هيستينغز
ويليام الفاتح

موقعة هاستنجز