L'Histoire d'Annette Zelman (anciennement L'Affaire Annette Zelman) est un téléfilm français réalisé en 2022 par Philippe Le Guay sur un scénario d'Emmanuel Salinger. Il retrace l'histoire d'Annette Zelman, morte à 20 ans en août 1942, à Auschwitz.

Cette adaptation du livre de Laurent Joly Dénoncer les Juifs sous l'occupation est une coproduction de la société Nilaya Productions et de France Télévisions, réalisée avec la participation de TV5 Monde et le soutien de la région Île-de-France, en partenariat avec la Fondation pour la mémoire de la Shoah et de la Fondation Rothschild.

Vassili Schneider a reçu le « Prix jeune espoir masculin Adami » au Festival de la fiction TV de La Rochelle 2022 pour son rôle dans le film.

Synopsis
En octobre 1941, Paris vit sous le régime du couvre-feu. Annette Zelman et ses amis Bella, Claude et Jean passent des journées entières à discuter de poésie et de littérature au café des Arts à Saint-Germain-des-Prés. Annette est attirée par Claude mais Bella veille au grain.

Annette est une jeune fille passionnée par l'art et la littérature qui suit des cours de dessin à l'Académie des beaux-arts dirigée par Paul Landowski.

Jean est très amoureux d'elle et elle finit par lui céder. Elle lui apprend quelques rudiments de yiddish et le présente à sa famille, où il est accepté chaleureusement.

À son tour, Jean décide de présenter Annette à sa famille, qui fait partie de la haute bourgeoisie catholique de Paris. Il l'amène donc à une soirée donnée pas ses parents, où Annette entend, horrifiée, les propos antisémites tenus par le parrain de Jean, l'acteur Robert Le Vigan  qui rentre d'une tournée en Allemagne et explique que . Sont également présents Charles Laville, l'organisateur de l'exposition Le Juif et la France ainsi que l'avocate Juliette Goublet, qui défendait jadis les communistes mais exprime aujourd'hui à Laville son admiration pour son exposition.

Annette et Jean décident de se marier, mais les parents de Jean s'y opposent en raison de l'origine d'Annette.

Pendant ce temps, l'exécution par les Allemands du fils d'un fournisseur de Moshé Zelman incite la famille à passer la ligne de démarcation pour s'installer à Limoges. Annette refuse de les suivre et reste à Paris.

Robert Le Vigan, le parrain de Jean propose à Hubert Jausion de contacter un ami, l'inspecteur Jalby, qui travaille à la Gestapo, directement sous les ordres du capitaine SS Theodor Dannecker responsable aux affaires juives. Jausion rencontre Dannecker et Jalby au siège de la Gestapo et les sollicite afin "d'envoyer un signal" à la jeune Juive. Annette est arrêtée à l'académie et amenée à la préfecture de police pour suspicion d'activités subversives. Vu les conditions de détention très dures, Hubert Jausion retourne à la Gestapo pour faire machine arrière mais Danecker est à Berlin et Jalby refuse de bouger en l'absence de son chef. Hubert Jausion va ensuite voir en vain Fernand de Brinon, le délégué de Vichy en zone occupée.

Le 7 juin 1942 l'ordonnnance obligeant les Juifs à porter l'étoile en zone occupée entre en vigueur. Quelques jours plus tard, Annette est tranférée au camp des Tourelles, où elle confie à Jean que les conditions sont meilleures qu'à la préfecture : elle partage sa cellule avec une seule fille et la nourriture est mangeable.

Hubert Jausion décide de recourir à l'avocate Juliette Goublet qui connaît Dannecker personnelement : elle propose d'intervenir mais exige une concession : Jean et Annette doivent renoncer à ce mariage, ce qu'Annette refuse. Mais Jean signe le document puis convainc Annette. Mais Maître Goublet se met au service du Reich en prenant la direction de la section féminine des Jeunes de l'Europe nouvelle et part en Allemagne. Hubert Jausion se rend alors à la Gestapo et se propose en otage contre le terrorisme à la place d'Annette mais Jalby lui explique que la question ne se pose plus en ces termes et qu'il n'y a plus rien à faire pour Annette, car les Allemands sont en train d'organiser un transfert massif des populations israélites vers l'Est de l'Europe.

Jean part à Limoges rejoindre la famille Zelman, qu'il considère désormais comme sa vraie famille.

Les deux années suivantes, Jean réside chez les Zelman pour finir son roman, comme Annette le lui avait demandé. Il obtient un contrat auprès des éditions Gallimard : parfois, il travaille toute la nuit et, le matin, Michèle, la jeune sœur d'Annette qui est en fait la narratrice du film, tapait le manuscrit à la machine.

Les mois passent sans nouvelles d'Annette. Camille et Guy, les fils Zelman, partent se battent avec les Alliés pour combattre les nazis. Jean se dit prêt à parcourir l'Allemagne et la Pologne pour retrouver la femme qu'il aime.

À la libération de Paris, Jean décide de travailler pour le journal Le Franc Tireur afin de couvrir l'avancée des Alliés en Lorraine. Le détachement qu'il accompagne tombe dans une embuscade, beaucoup de soldats meurent et Jean est porté disparu.

En avril 1945, les parents Zelman apprennent qu'Annette avait été déportée à Auschwitz et était morte un mois après son arrivée dans le camp.

Fiche technique

 Titre original français : L'Histoire d'Annette Zelman
 Genre : Drame
 Production : Patricia Boutinard Rouelle
 Sociétés de production : Nilaya Productions et France Télévisions
 Réalisation : Philippe Le Guay
 Scénario : Emmanuel Salinger
 Musique : Bruno Coulais
 Décors : Valérie Grall
 Costumes : Jean-Daniel Vuillermoz
 Photographie : Pénélope Pourriat
 Son : Vincent Guillon
 Montage : Monica Coleman
 Maquillage : Lise Gaillaguet
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : français
 Format : couleur
 Durée :
 Dates de première diffusion :
 France :  sur France 2

Distribution

Famille Zelman
 Ilona Bachelier : Annette Zelman
 Guilaine Londez : Kaïla, mère d'Annette
 Daniel Cohen : Moishe, père d'Annette
 Louise Legendre : Michèle Zelman, sœur d'Annette
 Michèle Kersz Zelman : elle-même en 2022
 Noé Genetet : Camille  Zelman
 Clément Labopin : Guy  Zelman

Famille Jausion
 Vassili Schneider : Jean Jausion
 Julie Gayet : Christiane Jausion, mère de Jean
 Laurent Lucas : Hubert Jausion, père de Jean

Amis d'Annette et de Jean
 Simon Thomas : Claude
 Eugénie Derouand : Bella

Allemands et collabos
 Florian Steiner : le capitaine SS Theodor Dannecker
 Samuel Churin : inspecteur Jalby de la Gestapo
 François Creton : l'acteur Robert Le Vigan, parrain de Jean Jausion
 Isabelle Mazin : l'avocate Juliette Goublet
 Éric Frey : Charles Laville, organisateur de l'exposition Le Juif et la France
 Alexandre Sigrist : Santoni

Autres personnages
 Jacques Bachelier : Paul Landowski, directeur de l'académie des beaux-arts

Production

Genèse et développement
En 1978, dans Le Mémorial de la déportation des Juifs de France, de Serge Klarsfeld, quelques lignes évoquent un destin individuel, l'un des rares noms, parmi les 76 000 cités, à faire l'objet d'un commentaire : « Dans ce convoi n° 3 est partie une jeune fille de 20 ans, Annette Zelman, Française coupable non seulement d'être juive, mais d'oser aimer et être aimée par un Français non juif ».

En 2022, à l'occasion de la commémoration de la rafle du Vélodrome d'Hiver en juillet 1942, France Télévisions réalise une fiction adaptée du livre de Laurent Joly Dénoncer les Juifs sous l'occupation, retraçant l'histoire vraie d'Annette Zelman, jeune Française coupable non seulement d'être juive, mais d'oser aimer et être aimée par un Français non juif.

Le téléfilm, produit par Nilaya, est scénarisé par Emmanuel Salinger et réalisé par Philippe Le Guay.

Annoncé initialement sous le titre L'Affaire Annette Zelman, le téléfilm est présenté sous le titre L'Histoire d'Annette Zelman au Festival de la fiction TV de La Rochelle 2022.

Attribution des rôles
Le réalisateur Philippe Le Guay précise dans sa note d'intention : .

Le réalisateur précise encore : .

Tournage
Le tournage du téléfilm se déroule du  au  en Île-de-France et à Nancy, ainsi qu'à la Batterie de l'Éperon, à Frouard.

Diffusions et audience
En France, le téléfilm, diffusé le  sur France 2, est regardé par  : avec 16,6 % de part de marché, France 2 s'impose ce soir-là comme leader des audiences.

Accueil critique
Émilie Gavoille, Pierre Langlais et Marjolaine Jarry de l'hebdomadaire Télérama voient dans L'Histoire d'Annette Zelman .

Dans le magazine Moustique, David Hainaut parle d'.

Distinction
Le 17 septembre 2022, le jury du Festival de la fiction TV de La Rochelle 2022, présidé par la comédienne Sandrine Bonnaire, décerne le « Prix jeune espoir masculin Adami » à Vassili Schneider pour son rôle dans L'Histoire d'Annette Zelman.

Références

Liens externes

Téléfilm français des années 2020
Téléfilm de France Télévisions
Téléfilm dramatique
Victime de la Shoah en France
Victime française de la Shoah
Téléfilm diffusé en 2023

L'Histoire d'Annette Zelman


An Colpodium versicolor in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian von Steven, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Johannes Theodor Schmalhausen. An Colpodium versicolor in nahilalakip ha genus nga Colpodium, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Colpodium

Colpodium versicolor


Sri Thanonchai (Thai: ) ist eine Figur aus der thailändischen Volksliteratur, die ähnlich dem deutschen Till Eulenspiegel handelt und auch heute noch populär ist. Die meisten Episoden von Sri Thanonchai sind in der Zentralregion angesiedelt, wo die Figur wohl auch ihren Ursprung hat.

Die Figur des Sri Thanonchai
Gemäß den Erzählungen wurde Sri Thanonchai als Sohn einer Familie von Bauern in der Gegend von Ayutthaya geboren, nachdem die spätere Mutter sich nach langer Kinderlosigkeit im Gebet an den Gott Indra wandte. Kurze Zeit darauf brachte die Mutter einen weiteren Sohn zur Welt, auf den Sri Thanonchai sehr eifersüchtig reagierte. Sri Thanonchai erweist sich als klug und gewitzt, aber auch zu  recht drastischen Streichen aufgelegt. Er wird an den Hof des Königs berufen, wo seine Possen zwar sehr oft Hofschranzen verärgern, er aber immer wieder seine Haut retten kann. Schließlich kehrt er in sein Elternhaus zurück.

Über den Tod von Sri Thanonchai wird nur in wenigen Versionen seiner Lebensgeschichte aufgeklärt: nach einer verlorenen Wette mit einem Hofbeamten bricht ihm das Herz und er geht daran zugrunde.

Publikationsgeschichte

Die älteste gedruckte Fassung der Geschichten um Sri Thanonchai wurde um 1890 publiziert, also rund 50 Jahre nach der Etablierung der thailändischen Druckerpresse.

Die Erzählungen von Sri Thanonchai sind nicht nur in ganz Thailand verbreitet, sondern darüber hinaus auch in Laos (dort Chieng Mieng (Xieng Mieng) genannt), Kambodscha (Thanon-Chai) und Vietnam bekannt.

Die laotische Erzählungen folgen weitgehend den thailändischen Versionen, mit einer Ausnahme: Chieng Mieng stand dabei im Dienste des laotischen Königs, als sich ein Angriff der Siamesen abzeichnete. Der König zog den Schlaukopf zu Rate, der empfahl, alle Löcher und Gruben der Stadt Vientiane fest zu verschließen, so dass die Siamesen nicht eindringen konnten. Auf diese Weise wurden jedoch der mythischen Schlange Naga sämtliche Wege versperrt, wie sonst üblich den Laoten zu Hilfe zu kommen. Vientiane fiel an Siam. Von den laotischen Erzählungen gibt es eine französische Übersetzung.

Die kambodschanischen Erzählungen um Thanon-Chai (Thmenh Chey) weichen von den thailändischen beträchtlich ab. Auch von diesen gibt es eine französische Übersetzung.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Ampha Otrakul: Thailändisch-deutsche Begegnung. Aufsätze und Vorträge über Sprache, Literatur und Kultur. Hrsg. von der Deutschabteilung der Chulalongkorn-Universität u. d. Schirmherrschaft Ihrer Kgl. Hoh. Kronprinzessin Maha Chakro Sirindhorn, Bangkok [1995]. ISBN 9748364526.

Literarische Figur
Kinder- und Jugendliteratur
Roman, Epik
Literatur (Thai)

Sri Thanonchai


ستقام مسابقة كرة المضرب في أولومبيات بكين بين 10 و17 أغسطس. المباريات ستلعب في ملعب أولمبيك جريت تنس سينتر. الأرضية ستكون من النوع الصلب, والبتحديد من نوع DecoTurf.

المسابقات
ستكون هناك أربع مسابقات رئيسية وهي:
 فردي رجال
 زوجي رجال
 فردي سيدات
 زوجي سيدات

وانقضت ألعاب الرجال بفوز روسيا بالميدالية الذهبية وإسبانيا بالفضية وروسيا بالميدالية البرونزية.

مقر الحدث
 ملعب جرين تنس سينتر

السعة
 الملعب المركزي - 10000 مقعد.
 ملعب رقم 1 - 4000 مقعد.
 ملعب رقم 2 - 2000 مقعد.
 الملاعب المتبقية - 7 ملاعب مكونة من 200 مقعد لكل واحدة.
الأرضية - DecoTurf II

الجدول

ترتيب النقاط

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 من موقع اتحاد كرة المضرب الدولي

أحداث الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2008
بطولات كرة مضرب
بطولات كرة مضرب في الصين
كرة المضرب في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية

كرة المضرب في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2008


Encontrados es una ciudad venezolana, es la capital del Municipio Catatumbo del estado Zulia y de la parroquia Encontrados. Recibe su nombre por estar en el punto de encuentro entre los ríos Zulia y Catatumbo. Encontrados se encuentra en la subregión sur del lago de Maracaibo. Es apodada como "Capital Mundial de los Relámpagos".

Historia
En el año 1530, después que Ambrosio Alfinger funda a Maracaibo, emprende una expedición hacia el sur por Perijá, antes llamada serranía de Itotes, en Ocaña y muere al enfrentarse a los indígenas chitareros. Su lugarteniente Nicolas Federmann sigue hasta los valles de Cúcuta, desde donde regresa a Maracaibo siguiendo el curso del río Zulia que vierte sus aguas al río Catatumbo; este encuentro de los ríos lo llaman "los ríos encontrados".

Lo que originó el nombre del centro poblado. Los expedicionarios informaron sobre la existencia de esta gran vía fluvial y la calidad de sus tierras. Así la Real Compañía Guipuzcoana realizó actividades en esta zona, extrayendo madera, resinas y productos agrícolas, pecuarios y pesqueros como: coco, pescado salado, piezas de cacería, maíz y cacao, originando numerosas haciendas; es entonces cuando se fundó a Encontrados como centro de acopio y comercialización.

La construcción del Gran ferrocarril del Táchira entre San Félix y Encontrados, en 1896 trajo un período de prosperidad para la población.
La producción petrolera se dio a comienzos del siglo XX a través del señor Teodoro Gutiérrez, llegando a funcionar al poco tiempo la Colón Development Company, obteniendo las concesiones en 1913.

El fenómeno de El Relámpago o Faro del Catatumbo
Es muy oportuno señalar que una vez formado el petróleo en nuestro subsuelo zuliano, empezó con ello una serie de fenómenos físico-químicos resultantes de la emanación de gases y que al expandirse en la atmósfera diera lugar al muy mencionado como singular fenómeno, denominado el relámpago del Catatumbo. Si en ello tuvo que ver la presencia del aceite negro, este fenómeno tuvo que presentarse a finales del cretáceo y principios de nuestra era cuaternaria; al menos así se ha de presumir, si nos atenemos a las explicaciones del mundo científico que le ha dado explicación al fenómeno.

Conocido también como el faro de Maracaibo, es un fenómeno que se puede observar todas las noches hacia el suroeste de la barra de Maracaibo. Su ubicación está posiblemente asentada sobre la confluencia de los ríos Zulia y Catatumbo.

Este fenómeno consiste en un relámpago de luz que en forma periódica y muy brillante, se presenta todas las noches en la parte celeste del área indicada. Este fenómeno es ajeno a cualquier clase de ruido atmosférico, aun cuando la voz popular afirma la existencia de un ruido sordo, subterráneo en el lugar en que aparentemente se presenta el fenómeno.

Parece ser que el relámpago se produce a una altura muy considerable, que tal vez sea de unos 10 km aproximadamente. Por ello es siempre localizado y observado desde sitios muy distantes como Aruba y la península de Paraguaná. Los pasajeros de aviones comerciales que viajan frente a las costas venezolanas pueden observar a plenitud este interesante fulgor, y para los aviadores es excelente guía que les indica que ya están próximos a Maracaibo o a Maiquetía. Igualmente los navegantes y pescadores que se desplazan por las aguas del Golfo de Venezuela lo tienen como faro natural que les indica la ruta a seguir. No hay todavía una explicación clara sobre el Relámpago del Catatumbo, aun cuando los científicos trata de explicarlo como la acumulación de gases de naturaleza altamente inflamable, que al desprenderse en masas muy abundantes y densas hacia la atmósfera y entrar en contacto con cargas electromagnéticas, tiene como resultado inmediato el incendio intermitente de la chispa conocida como El Relámpago del Catatumbo o faro de Maracaibo. Este fenómeno natural aparentemente es único en el mundo. Debe haber algo especial en la atmósfera de la región en la que se forma, pues no hay noticia que en otros países petroleros del mundo se haya presentado en alguna oportunidad este fenómeno tan atrayente. De la época de la Conquista y de la Colonia apenas si hay algunas referencias esporádicas acerca de su presencia; pero en todo caso, los pueblos aborígenes lo tomaban como una manifestación de las divinidades que ellos adoraban.

Producción
La cría de ganado vacuno, porcino y aviar, y la producción de leche y queso son las principales actividades económicas de Encontrados.

Clima
Se caracteriza por tener un clima húmedo y caluroso. La precipitación se incrementa de norte a sur de este a oeste en un promedio de 2000 mm. La causante de humedad en el municipio es la sobresaturación de agua.

Hidrografía

Encontrados se encuentra en la confluencia de los ríos Zulia y Catatumbo de donde viene su nombre, ambos son navegables durante todo el año por lo que son una importante vía de comunicación y proporcionan recursos pesqueros.

Vías de comunicación

Las principales vías son las calles Piar, Padilla, San Juan, Urdaneta, La Ceiba, Colón y las Avenidas Bolívar y Unión. La carretera Santa Bárbara – Encontrados que comunica a Encontrados con las poblaciones vecinas de Boca Zulia, San Felipe, Valderrama, San Martín, Santa Bárbara y San Carlos, es por donde pasaba el ferrocarril.

Economía local

Además de la actividad agropecuaria, la Agricultura y la producción de lácteos y la pesca son actividades económicas importantes.
Sin mencionar el consumo de aguardiente, principal actividad recreacional de los lugareños.

Festividades

Se celebran las fiestas de Nuestra Señora del Carmen el 16 de julio, Santa Bárbara el 4 de noviembre.

La fiesta de Nuestra Señora del Carmen tiene lugar cada año el 16 de julio y los de Santa Bárbara y San Carlos el 4 de noviembre.

Sitios de referencia

 Iglesia Nuestra Señora del Carmen. Avenida Bolívar
 Muelle del Catatumbo
 Parque Costanero. Av. Bolívar con calle Urdaneta.
 Aeropuerto de Encontrados. Km 4 via el Guayabo Encontrados
 Ferrocarril y terminal de Pasajero. El Vigía – Encontrados.
 Calle la Cruz.
 Inavi o urbanización las Madrina.
 Estadio Municipal Asael Hernández.
 Escuela Básica DR. Albero Roncajolo

Referencias

 Atlas del Estado Zulia. Emilio Strauss, William Fuenmayor, José Romero.

Enlaces externos
 Página de la alcaldía de Catatumbo.

Encontrados

Encontrados


An Rhynchospora velloziiformis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Tetsuo Michael Koyama. An Rhynchospora velloziiformis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhynchospora, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rhynchospora

Rhynchospora velloziiformis


Samantha Reed Smith (født den 29. juni 1972, død den 25. august 1985) var en amerikansk skolepige, fredsaktivist og børneskuespillerinde fra Manchester, i den amerikanske delstat Maine, som blev berømt under den kolde krig mellem USA og Sovjetunionen. Hun skrev i 1982 et brev til den nylige udpegede generalsekretær for Sovjetunionens kommunistiske parti, Jurij Andropov, som i 1983 svarede og inviterede Samantha til at komme og besøge Sovjetunionen, hvilket hun accepterede.

Samantha Smith tiltræk sig mediernes opmærksomhed i begge lande som en såkaldt "Goodwill-ambassadør", blev kendt som Amerikas yngste ambassadør og deltog også efterfølgende i fredsskabende aktiviteter i Japan. Med hendes fars hjælp skrev hun en bog om sit besøg i Sovjetunionen, Journey to the Soviet Union (dansk: Rejsen til Sovjetunionen), og blev senere en børneskuespillerinde da hun var vært i børneprogrammet 1984 United States presidential election på Disney Channel og spillede en hovedrolle i serien Lime Street. Hun døde i et flystyrt, Bar Harbor Airlines Flight 1808, sammen med sin far 25. august 1985 i en alder af 13 år.

Historisk sammenhæng
Da Jurij Andropov efterfulgte Leonid Bresjnev som leder af Sovjetunionen i november 1982, trykte de vestlige aviser mange forside-fotografier og artikler om ham. De fleste var negative og kritiserende, og gav dermed en opfattelse af ham som en ny trussel mod den vestlige verdens stabilitet. Andropov havde været Sovjets ambassadør i Ungarn under opstanden i Ungarn i 1956 og leder af KGB fra 1967 til 1982. Han var i Vesten kendt for at have knust foråret i Prag og for den brutale undertrykkelse af dissidenter såsom Andrej Sakharov og Aleksandr Solsjenitsyn. Han startede, som generalsekretær, med at styrke KGB's styrker og undertrykke dissidenter. Ifølge Vasilij Mitrokhin opfattede Andropov kampen for menneskerettigheder som en del af et større komplot for at underminere grundlaget for den sovjetiske stat.

Igennem denne periode var der store anti-atomprotester rundt omkring i Europa og Nordamerika. Den 20. november 1983 udsendte kanalen ABC en post-atomkrigsdramatisering, som hed "The day after", der blev kendt som en af de største mediebegivenheder i årtiet.

De to supermagter havde nu forladt deres strategi om détente, og som svar på Sovjetunionens opstilling af atombevæbnede mellemdistancemissiler rettet mod Europa traf NATO den såkaldte Dobbeltbeslutning, der gav Sovjetunionen fire år til at trække missilerne tilbage, og i fald dette ikke skete, så ville NATO opstille et stort antal krydsermissiler og Pershing-missiler i Europa. Sovjetunionen var på tredje år involveret i krigen i Afghanistan, hvilket også bidrog til den internationale spænding. Time Magazine offentliggjorde 22. november 1982 en udgave med et billede af Andropov på forsiden. Da Samantha Smith så denne udgave, spurgte hun sin mor: "Hvis folk er så bange for ham, hvorfor er der så ikke nogen, der skriver et brev til ham og spørger, om han vil have en krig eller ej?" Hendes mor svarede derefter "Hvorfor gør du ikke det?"

Liv
Samantha Smith blev født 29. juni 1972 i den lille by Houlton i Maine, på grænsen mellem Canada og USA. Hendes mor hed Jane Goshorn, og faderen hed Arthur Smith. Hun var blot 5 år gammel, da hun skrev et brev til Dronning Elizabeth II for at udtrykke sin beundring for monarken. Da Samantha Smith i 1980 færdiggjorde anden klasse bosatte familien sig i Manchester i Maine, hvor hun fortsatte på Manchester Elementary School. Hendes far var instruktør ved Ricker College i Houlton, før han underviste i litteratur og skrivning på Universitet i Maine i Augusta, imens hendes mor arbejdede som socialrådgiver ved Maine Department of Human Services.

I november 1982, da Samantha Smith var 10 år gammel, skrev hun sit brev til den sovjetiske leder Jurij Andropov i håb om at forstå, hvorfor forholdene mellem USA og Sovjetunionen var så spændte:

 Engelsk version af brevet:

Dear Mr. Andropov,

My name is Samantha Smith. I am ten years old. Congratulations on your new job. I have been worrying about Russia and the United States getting into a nuclear war. Are you going to vote to have a war or not? If you aren't please tell me how you are going to help to not have a war. This question you do not have to answer, but I would like to know why you want to conquer the world or at least our country. God made the world for us to share and take care of. Not to fight over or have one group of people own it all. Please lets do what he wanted and have everybody be happy too.

Samantha Smith

 Dansk oversættelse af brevet:

Kære Hr. Andropov,

Mit navn er Samantha Smith. Jeg er 10 år gammel. Tillykke med dit nye job. Jeg er bekymret for, at Rusland og USA vil indgås i en atomkrig med hinanden. Skal i have en afstemning om at gå i krig eller ej? Hvis du ikke har tænkt dig at gøre det, kan du så forklare, hvordan du vil hjælpe med at forhindre en krig. Dette spørgsmål behøver du ikke at besvare, men jeg vil gerne vide, hvorfor du vil overtage verden eller i hvert fald vores land. Gud skabte denne verden for os, så vi kunne dele og tage os af den. Ikke så vi kunne kæmpe om den eller have en gruppe af mennesker eje det hele. Lad os gøre som han ville have, så alle kan også være glade.

Samantha Smith

Hendes brev blev trykt i den sovjetiske avis Pravda. Hun fik besked og Samantha blev glad for at høre om nyheden, men havde stadig ikke modtaget et svar fra selve Jurij Andropov. Derfor skrev hun endnu et brev, nu til den amerikanske ambassadør i Sovjetunionen, for at spørge om hr. Andropov ville svare. D. 26. april 1983 modtog hun et svar fra Andropov:

 Engelsk version af brevet:

Dear Samantha,

I received your letter, which is like many others that have reached me recently from your country and from other countries around the world.

It seems to me – I can tell by your letter – that you are a courageous and honest girl, resembling Becky, the friend of Tom Sawyer in the famous book of your compatriot Mark Twain. This book is well known and loved in our country by all boys and girls.

You write that you are anxious about whether there will be a nuclear war between our two countries. And you ask are we doing anything so that war will not break out.

Your question is the most important of those that every thinking man can pose. I will reply to you seriously and honestly.

Yes, Samantha, we in the Soviet Union are trying to do everything so that there will not be war on Earth. This is what every Soviet man wants. This is what the great founder of our state, Vladimir Lenin, taught us.

Soviet people well know what a terrible thing war is. Forty-two years ago, Nazi Germany, which strove for supremacy over the whole world, attacked our country, burned and destroyed many thousands of our towns and villages, killed millions of Soviet men, women and children.

In that war, which ended with our victory, we were in alliance with the united states: together we fought for the liberation of many people from the Nazi invaders. I hope that you know about this from your history lessons in school. And today we want very much to live in peace, to trade and cooperate with all our neighbors on this earth — with those far away and those near by. And certainly with such a great country as the United States of America.

In America and in our country there are nuclear weapons — terrible weapons that can kill millions of people in an instant. But we do not want them to be ever used. That's precisely why the Soviet Union solemnly declared throughout the entire world that never — never — will it use nuclear weapons first against any country. In general we propose to discontinue further production of them and to proceed to the abolition of all the stockpiles on Earth.

It seems to me that this is a sufficient answer to your second question: 'Why do you want to wage war against the whole world or at least the United States?' We want nothing of the kind. No one in our country–neither workers, peasants, writers nor doctors, neither grown-ups nor children, nor members of the government–want either a big or 'little' war.

We want peace — there is something that we are occupied with: growing wheat, building and inventing, writing books and flying into space. We want peace for ourselves and for all peoples of the planet. For our children and for you, Samantha.

I invite you, if your parents will let you, to come to our country, the best time being this summer. You will find out about our country, meet with your contemporaries, visit an international children's camp –Artek – on the sea. And see for yourself: in the Soviet Union, everyone is for peace and friendship among peoples.

Thank you for your letter. I wish you all the best in your young life.

Y. AndropovWarner, Gale; Shuman, Michael (1987). Citizen diplomats: pathfinders in Soviet-American relations and how you can join them. Continuum. p. 285. .

 Dansk oversættelse:

Kære Samantha,
Jeg har modtaget dit brev, samt mange andre som er kommet til mig for nyligt fra dit og andre lande i verden. Det ser ud som om - ud fra dit brev - at du er en modig og ærlig pige, ligesom Becky, vennen af Tom Sawyer i den berømte bog af Mark Twain. Denne bog er meget kendt og elsket i vores land af alle drenge og piger.

Du skriver at du er nervøs for at der kommer en krig mellem vores to lande. Og du spørger om vi gør noget for at forhindre det.Dit spørgsmål er den vigtigeste ud af de mange spørgsmål enhver tænkende mand kan fremstille. Jeg vil besvare dig, seriøst og ærligt. Ja, Samantha, vi i den sovjetiske union prøver alt hvad vi kan for at undgå at der opstår en krig. Det er hvad alle sovjetiske mænd ønsker. Det er hvad grundlæggeren af vores stat, Vladimir Lenin, lærte os. De Sovjetiske mennesker ved udmærket godt hvor forfærdeligt krig er. 42 år siden angreb Nazi-tyskland vores land, brændte og ødelagde tusindevis af landsbyer, dræbte millioner af soviet mænd, kvinder og børn.I den krig, som endte med vores sejr, kæmpede vi sammen med amerikanerne: sammen kæmpede vi for liberationen af de mange mennesker som var under besættelse af Nazityskland. Det håber jeg du har lært i dine historietimer i skolen. I dag ønsker vi at kunne leve i fred, forhandle og arbejde sammen med alle vores naboer - med dem langt væk og dem tæt på, og naturligvis også med sådan et smukt land som USA.
I USA og i vores land er der atomvåben - forfærdelige våben som kan dræbe millioner af mennesker øjeblikkeligt. Men vi vil aldrig have at de skal blive brugt. Derfor har Sovjetunionen erklæret over for hele verden at vi aldrig nogensinde vil bruge atomvåben mod et land først. I generelt forslår vi at stoppe produktionen af disse våben og afskaffe alle lagre på vores planet. Til mig er dette et tydeligt svar til dit andet spørgsmål: "hvorfor ønsker i at overtage hele verden eller i hvert fald USA?" Det ønsker vi intet af. Ingen i vores land - ingen arbejdere, bønder, digtere eller doktorer, ingen voksne eller børn eller nogen fra regeringen - vil have en stor eller 'lille' krig. Vi vil have fred. Vi ønsker blot at kunne vokse hvede, bygge og opfinde, skrive bøger og flyve ud i rummet. Vi ønsker fred for os selv og for alle på planeten. For vores børn og for dig, Samantha. Jeg inviterer dig, hvis dine forældre tillader det, at besøge vores land, den bedste tid ville være nu her til sommer. Du vil lære om vores land, møde med børn på din alder og besøge en international børne camp - Artek - på havet. Så kan du se for dig selv at i Sovjetunionen, er alle for fred og venskab mellem mennesker. Tak for dit brev. Jeg ønsker dig det bedste i dit unge liv.

Y. Andropov.

Et hav af medier fulgte. Samantha Smith blev b.l.a. interviewet af Ted Koppel og Johnny Carson og der blev rapporteret om hendes rejse hver aften på de store amerikanske netværker. 7. juli 1983 fløj hun til Moskva med sine forældre, og tilbragte to uger som Andropovs gæst. På sin rejse besøgte hun Moskva, Leningrad og var i Artek, den vigtigste sovjetiske pionerlejr, i byen Gurzuf på Krimhalvøen. Hun skrev i sin bog at i Leningrad blev hun og hendes familie forbløffet over venligheden af folket og over de gaver som mange havde lavet til dem. Ved en sovjektisk pressekonference, erklærede Samantha Smith at russerne var "ligesom os". Hun havde valgt, i Artek, at blive sammen med de sovjetiske børn, i stedet for at acceptere de privilegerede indkvarteringer som var tilbudt. For at gøre kommunikation nemmere blev lærere og børn, som var i stand til at snakke flydende engelsk, valgt til at bosætte sig i samme bygning som hende. Samantha Smith delte en sovesal med ni andre piger, og brugte tiden på at svømme, tale og lære russiske sange og danse. Imens hun var der, fik hun mange venner, bl.a. Natasha Kashirina fra Leningrad som kunne snakke flydende engelsk.

Andropov kunne desværre ikke mødes med hende imens hun var på besøg, dog talte de flere gange over telefonen. Det blev senere opdaget at Andropov var blevet alvorligt syg og havde trukket sig tilbage fra offentligheden på dette tidspunkt. Samantha Smith fik også et telefonopkald fra den russiske kosmonaut, Valentina Tereshkova, som var den første kvinde i rummet. Samantha opdagede dog ikke hvem hun talte til, og kom til at ligge på blot efter en lille samtale. Medierne fulgte konstant med hendes lange rejse. Fotografier og artikler om hende blev udgivet af de vigtigste Sovjet aviser, igennem og efter hendes rejse. Samantha Smith blev berømt i Sovjetunionen og blev omfattet som en positiv figur. I USA begyndte nogle folk at mistænke begivenheden, og opfatte det som et typisk USA-stil PR-stunt.

Da Samantha Smith kom hjem til USA 22. juli 1983 blev hun fejret af indbyggerne af Maine med roser, rød løber og en limosine. Alt imens hendes popularitet fortsatte med at vokse i sit eget land, USA . På det tidspunkt var der nogle skeptiske kritikere som havde teorier om at Samantha Smith ubevidst fungerede som et redskab for sovjetisk propaganda. I december 1983, med titlen "Amerikas yngste ambassadør", blev hun inviteret til Japan, hvor hun mødte med den japanske statsminister Yasuhiro Nakasone og deltog i Børnenes Internationale Symposium i Kobe. I sin tale i Kobe foreslog hun at børnebørnene af Sovjetunionens og USA's ledere burde udveksles i to uger hvert år og argumenterede for at landene derfor ikke ville bombe hinanden. Hendes rejse inspirerede andre udvekslinger af goodwillambassadører, herunder en 11-årig sovjetisk pige, Katja Lytjeva, som rejste til USA. Senere skrev Samantha Smith bogen Journey to the Soviet Union hvis bogomslag indholdte et billede af hende i Artek, som var hendes yndlingsdel af rejsen.

Samantha Smith fortsatte sin rolle som mediestjerne da hun i 1984, faktureret som en speciel korrespondent, var vært i et børneprogram for Disney Channel ved navn Samantha Smith goes to washington...Campaign '84. Programmet handlede om politik, hvor Samantha interviewede flere kandidater til det amerikanske præsidentvalg, bl.a. George McGovern og Jesse Jackson. I det samme år var hun gæst i programmet "Charles in Charge" og spillede rollen Kim, sammen med en anden berømt gæst stjerne, Julianne McNamara. Hendes berømmelse resulterede i, at Samantha Smith blev målet for stalkeren Robert John Bardo, den mand, der senere stalkede og myrdede My Sister Sam-skuespillerinden Rebecca Schaeffer. Bardo rejste til Maine i et forsøg på at møde Samantha Smith men blev stoppet af politiet og taget hjem.

I 1985 havde hun (sammen med Robert Wagner) en delt hovedrolle i serien Lime Street.

Død
Den 25. august 1985 var Samantha Smith og hendes far var på vej hjem, om bord på  efter de havde filmet et indslag til tv serien, Lime Street. Ved et forsøg på at lande ved Lewiston-Auburn Regional Airport i Auburn, Maine ramte flyet (en Beechcraft 99) nogle træer 4007 fod (1221 m) fra banen, styrtede og dræbte alle 6 passagerer samt 2 i besætningen. Der var meget spekulation bagefter vedrørende hvilken årsag der var til ulykken. Beskyldninger om uærligt spil cirkulerede rundt i Sovjetunionen. En undersøgelse blev foretaget og den officielle rapport (som havde ingen beviser på uærligt spil) blev offentliggjort. Som angivet i rapporten, skete ulykken omkring klokken 22:05 EDT og at området hvor flyet styrtede befandt sig en mil (1,6 km) syd-vest fra lufthavnen, ved 44°02′22″N 70°17′30″W. Den fortsætter, "Den relativ stejl fly sti-vinkel og attitude (orientering af flyet i forhold til horisonten, bevægelsesretning f.eks.) og hastigheden af flyet, da den ramte jorden, gjorde det umuligt for vedkommende om bord på flyet at overleve." Hovedkonklusionerne i rapporten var at det var en regnfuld nat, piloterne var uerfarne og en utilsigtet, dog ikke ualmindelig og normalt ikke kritisk, jordradar fejl opstod.

Ved Samantha Smiths begravelse i Augusta, Maine, deltog omkring 1000 mennesker, og hun blev mindet i Moskva som en fredshelt. Blandt deltagerne var der Robert Wagner og Vladimir Kulagin fra den sovjetiske ambassade i Washington, der oplæste en personlig kondolence fra Mikhail Gorbatjov.

 Engelsk version af beskeden:

Everyone in the Soviet Union who has known Samantha Smith will forever remember the image of the American girl who, like millions of Soviet young men and women, dreamt about peace, and about friendship between the peoples of the United States and the Soviet Union.

 Dansk oversættelse af beskeden:

Alle i Sovjetunionen som har kendt til Samantha Smith vil for evigt huske det billede af en amerikansk pige som, ligesom millioner af unge Soviet mænd og kvinder, drømte om fred, og om venskab mellem folket af USA og Sovjetunionen.

Præsident Ronald Reagan sendte kondolencer til Samantha Smiths mor:

 Engelsk version af Ronald Reagans brev:

Perhaps you can take some measure of comfort in the knowledge that millions of Americans, indeed millions of people, share the burdens of your grief. They also will cherish and remember Samantha, her smile, her Idealism and unaffected sweetness of spirit.

 Dansk oversættelse af Ronald Reagans brev:

Måske kan du føle en mængde af komfort i at vide at millioner af amerikanere, ja millioner af mennesker, deler byrderne af din sorg. De vil også værdsætte og huske Samantha, hendes smil, hendes idealisme og upåvirket sødme af håb.

Samantha og sin fars lig blev kremeret, og deres aske blev begravet på Estabrook kirkegården i Aroostook County, Maine.

Arv

Samantha Smiths bidrag er blevet hædret af både russerne og folket fra hendes hjemstat, Maine. Et monument blev bygget til hende i Moskva. Samantha Smith Alley i Artek Young Pioneer lejren blev navngivet efter hende i 1986. Monumentet som blev bygget til hende blev stjålet af metaltyve i 2003. I 2003 byggede en Voronezh pensionist, Valentin Vaulin, et monument til hende uden hjælp fra regeringen. Sovjetunionen udstedte et særfrimærke med hendes lighed. I 1986 opdagede astronomen Ljudmila Tjernykh asteroiden 3147 som hun gav navnet 3147 Samantha. En dansk komponist, Per Nørgård, skrev i 1985 stykket "Remembering Child" til minde om Samantha Smith. En diamant fundet i Sibirien, et bjerg i den tidligere Sovjetunion, en cultivar af tulipaner og dahliaer og et skib er blevet navngivet efter Samantha Smith. I Maine er den første mandag i juni hvert år kendt som Samantha Smith dagen. En bronzestatue af Samantha Smith nær Maine State Museet i Augusta viser Samantha Smith frigive en due med en bjørneunge, som ligger hvilende ved hendes fødder. Bjørneungen skal repræsentere både Maine og Rusland. Grundskoler i Sammamish, Washington, og i Jamaica, Queens, New York City, er alle blevet navngivet efter Samantha. I oktober 1985 skabte Smiths mor Samantha Smith-stiftelsen som støttede og plejede elev udvekslinger mellem USA og Sovjetunionen (og efter december 1991 de forhenværende sovjetiske stater). Stiftelsen blev formelt opløst i 2014 efter at have været ubrugt i to årtier.

En episode fra 1987 af komedieserien The Golden Girls ved navn "Letter to Gorbachev" fik inspiration fra Samantha Smiths historie. I filmen Superman IV: The Quest for Peace var der en scene hvori en dreng skriver et brev til Superman om at kontrollere atomvåbenkapløbet. Ifølge Christopher Reeve, den amerikanske skuespiller, blev denne scene også inspireret af Samantha Smiths historie.

I midten af 1980'erne, efter Samantha Smiths død, blev en drejebog skrevet til en film med navnet "The Samantha Smith Story" med Robert Wagner som producent. Columbia Pictures Television og R.J. Wagner Productions havde, ifølge medierne, aftalt at producere filmen for NBC sammen med det sovjetiske firma Sovin Film som var interesseret i at medproducere den. I sidste ende valgte Columbia Pictures Television dog ikke at filme det på grund af manglende interesse fra noget netværk.

Spekulation om hvad en overlevende Samantha ville havde gjort som voksen blev i 2003 afvist af hendes mor Jane som umuligt at besvare, idet Samantha kun var tretten da hun døde og hendes ambitioner havde varieret fra en dyrlæge til en ballerina.

I 2008 blev Samantha posthumt tildelt "The peace abbey courage of conscience award" for at "hjælpe med at få en bedre forståelse mellem folk fra USA og USSR, som resulterede i et formindsket spænding mellem de to superkræfter der kunne have kommet i en atomkrig." Peace Abbey har også foreslået "The Peace Literature Project in Honor of Samantha Smith" for "at uddanne eleverne om fred og promovere fredslitteratur for skolebørn i 50 udvalgte pilotskoler i USA."

Elliott Holts roman You are one of them fra 2013 bruger historien om Samantha Smith som en inspiration til den fiktive figur, Jennifer Jones.

På 30-årsdagen til flyulykken i 2015 åbnede Maine State Museum en udstilling med materialer relateret til Samantha, herunder billeder af hendes tid i Artek, traditionelt russisk tøj som hun havde fået som gave, og en udgave af Soviet Life-magasinet med et billede af hende på forsiden.

Se også

 Fredsaktivist
 Sarah York

Henvisninger

Den kolde krig
Personer fra Maine
Fredsbevægelser

Samantha Smith


The corpus luteum (Latin for "yellow body"; : corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in female ovaries involved in the production of relatively high levels of progesterone, and moderate levels of estradiol, and inhibin A. It is the remains of the ovarian follicle that has released a mature ovum during a previous ovulation.

The corpus luteum is colored as a result of concentrating carotenoids (including lutein) from the diet and secretes a moderate amount of estrogen that inhibits further release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thus secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). A new corpus luteum develops with each menstrual cycle.

Development and structure
The corpus luteum develops from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or oestrous cycle, following the release of a secondary oocyte from the follicle during ovulation. The follicle first forms a corpus hemorrhagicum before it becomes a corpus luteum, but the term refers to the visible collection of blood, left after rupture of the follicle, that secretes progesterone. While the oocyte (later the zygote if fertilization occurs) traverses the Fallopian tube into the uterus, the corpus luteum remains in the ovary.

The corpus luteum is typically very large relative to the size of the ovary; in humans, the size of the structure ranges from under 2 cm to 5 cm in diameter.

Its cells develop from the follicular cells surrounding the ovarian follicle. The follicular theca cells luteinize into small luteal cells (thecal-lutein cells) and follicular granulosa cells luteinize into large luteal cells (granulosal-lutein cells) forming the corpus luteum. Progesterone is synthesized from cholesterol by both the large and small luteal cells upon luteal maturation.  Cholesterol-LDL complexes bind to receptors on the plasma membrane of luteal cells and are internalized. Cholesterol is released and stored within the cell as cholesterol ester. LDL is recycled for further cholesterol transport.  Large luteal cells produce more progesterone due to uninhibited/basal levels of protein kinase A (PKA) activity within the cell. Small luteal cells have LH receptors that regulate PKA activity within the cell. PKA actively phosphorylates steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and translocator protein to transport cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The development of the corpus luteum is accompanied by an increase in the level of the steroidogenic enzyme P450scc that converts cholesterol to pregnenolone in the mitochondria. Pregnenolone is then converted to progesterone that is secreted out of the cell and into the blood stream. During the bovine estrous cycle, plasma levels of progesterone increase in parallel to the levels of P450scc and its electron donor adrenodoxin, indicating that progesterone secretion is a result of enhanced expression of P450scc in the corpus luteum.

The mitochondrial P450 system electron transport chain including adrenodoxin reductase and adrenodoxin has been shown to leak electrons leading to the formation of superoxide radical. Apparently to cope with the radicals produced by this system and by enhanced  mitochondrial metabolism, the levels of antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase also increase in parallel with the enhanced steroidogenesis in the corpus luteum.

Like the previous theca cells, the theca lutein cells lack the aromatase enzyme that is necessary to produce estrogen, so they can only perform steroidogenesis until formation of androgens. The granulosa lutein cells do have aromatase, and use it to produce estrogens, using the androgens previously synthesized by the theca lutein cells, as the granulosa lutein cells in themselves do not have the 17α-hydroxylase or 17,20 lyase to produce androgens.
Once the corpus luteum regresses the remnant is known as corpus albicans.

Function
The corpus luteum is essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone, which is a steroid hormone responsible for the decidualization of the endometrium (its development) and maintenance, respectively. It also produces relaxin, a hormone responsible for softening of the pubic symphysis which helps in parturition.

Unsuccessful fertilisation
If the egg is not fertilised, the corpus luteum stops secreting progesterone and decays (after approximately 10 days in humans). It then degenerates into a corpus albicans, which is a mass of fibrous scar tissue.

The uterine lining (endometrium) is expelled through the vagina (in mammals that go through a menstrual cycle). In an estrous cycle, the lining regenerates back to normal size.

Successful fertilisation

If the egg is fertilised and implantation occurs, the syncytiotrophoblast (derived from trophoblast) cells of the blastocyst secrete the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or a similar hormone in other species) by day 9 post-fertilisation.

Human chorionic gonadotropin signals the corpus luteum to continue progesterone secretion, thereby maintaining the thick lining (endometrium) of the uterus and providing an area rich in blood vessels in which the zygote(s) can develop. From this point on, the corpus luteum is called the corpus luteum graviditatis.

The introduction of prostaglandins at this point causes the degeneration of the corpus luteum and the abortion of the fetus. However, in placental animals such as humans, the placenta eventually takes over progesterone production and the corpus luteum degrades into a corpus albicans without embryo/fetus loss.

Luteal support refers to the administration of medication (generally progestins) for the purpose of increasing the success of implantation and early embryogenesis, thereby complementing the function of the corpus luteum.

Content of carotenoids

The yellow color and name of the corpus luteum, like that of the macula lutea of the retina, is due to its concentration of certain carotenoids, especially lutein. In 1968, a report indicated that beta-carotene was synthesized in laboratory conditions in slices of corpus luteum from cows. However, attempts have been made to replicate these findings, but have not succeeded. The idea is not presently accepted by the scientific community. Rather, the corpus luteum concentrates carotenoids from the diet of the mammal.

In animals
Similar structures and functions of the corpus luteum exist in some reptiles. Dairy cattle also follow a similar cycle.

Additional images

Pathology
 Corpus luteum cyst:  hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum.  Commonly regresses spontaneously.

See also
List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

References

Bibliography

External links

  – "The Female Pelvis: The Ovary"
 CT of the abdomen showing a ruptured hemorrhagic copus luteal cyst

Histology
Mammal female reproductive system
Pelvis
Human female endocrine system
Theriogenology

Corpus luteum


Written in My Own Heart's Blood (Brasil: Escrito com o sangue do meu coração) é o oitavo livro da série de romances Outlander de Diana Gabaldon. Centrado na médica do século 20 que viaja no tempo Claire Randall e seu marido guerreiro escocês do século 18 Jamie Fraser, os livros contêm elementos de ficção histórica, romance, aventura e fantasia.

Publicado em 10 de junho de 2014, Escrito com sangue do meu coração continua a história de amor de Claire e Jamie, bem como os arcos da história de vários personagens do romance anterior, An Echo in the Bone.

Gabaldon anunciou o título do romance em setembro de 2011.

Enredo
A evacuação britânica da Filadélfia e a subsequente Batalha de Monmouth são os principais eventos do livro baseado na história real.

Claire se casa com John Gray para se proteger depois que Jamie é presumidamente perdido no mar. John e Jamie brigam quando os detalhes são revelados. O enteado de John, William, fica bravo ao descobrir que é filho biológico de Jamie. O sobrinho de Jamie, Ian, se casa com Rachel Hunter, e o irmão de Rachel, Denzell, se casa com a sobrinha de John, Dorothea, na mesma cerimônia. Os Caçadores são Quakers; seu serviço no Exército Continental, mesmo quando não-combatentes, os leva ao ostracismo por outros Quakers.

Claire é ferida em Monmouth, e Jamie se demite do Exército Continental para permanecer ao seu lado. Depois de passar um tempo em Savannah, eles retornam a Fraser's Ridge, seu assentamento agrícola na Carolina do Norte.

A gráfica e a casa do filho adotivo de Jamie, Fergus, são incendiadas. O filho de Fergus, Henri-Christian, morre tentando escapar das chamas.

No século 20, o neto de Jamie e Claire, Jeremiah, é sequestrado. O genro deles, Roger, conhece o pai de Jamie e o seu próprio quando viaja no tempo para pesquisar. Depois que o menino é recuperado, sua família se junta aos Frasers no século 18.

Personagens
Claire Elizabeth Beauchamp Randall Fraser - Enfermeira/Médica. Nascida em 1918 e casada no século 20 com o professor/historiador Frank Randall, Claire cai pelas pedras em Craigh na Dun, na Escócia, no Beltane (1 de maio), durante sua segunda lua de mel com Frank em 1946, e se encontra no século XVIII em Highlands, Escócia em 1743. Ela é forçada a se casar com James Alexander Malcolm MacKenzie Fraser (Jamie), por quem ela eventualmente se apaixona. Mãe da Faith (natimorta, século 18) e Brianna, mãe adotiva de Fergus e sogra de Marsali. Retornou através das pedras ao século 20 em 1746 para proteger ela e a filha não nascida de Jamie (que nasceu em Boston no século 20). Vinte anos depois, após a morte de Frank Randall, Claire descobre (através da pesquisa de Roger) que Jamie provavelmente não morreu em Culloden, e ela retorna pelas pedras a 1766 para procurá-lo.

James Alexander Malcolm MacKenzie Fraser - Lord de Lallybroch (Escócia) e Fraser's Ridge, Carolina do Norte. Ex-detento da Prisão de Ardsmuir. Marido do século XVIII de Claire, a quem ele carinhosamente chama de "Sassenach". Pai de Faith (natimorto - mãe: Claire), Brianna (mãe: Claire), pai adotivo de Fergus (com Claire), pai biológico de William Ransom (mãe: Geneva Dunsany), ex-padrasto de Marsali e Joan (mãe: ex -esposa Laoghaire), .Lord John William Gray - veterano aposentado da Revolta de 1745 e da Guerra dos Sete Anos. O ex-governador da Prisão de Ardsmuir. Amigo de longa data de Jamie e Claire. Padrasto de William Ransom, irmão de Harold Grey, Duque de Pardloe, e tio de Benjamin, Henry, Adam e Dorothea Grey.

Tenente Lord William Ransom - O 9º Conde de Ellsmere, enteado de Lord John Grey e filho ilegítimo de James Fraser e Geneva Dunsany. Primo dos filhos de Hal Grey, Duque de Pardloe, bem como dos filhos de Jenny e Ian Murray.

Ian Murray - filho de Jenny e Ian Murray, sobrinho de Jamie e Claire, e primo de Fergus, Brianna e William. Adotado no Mohawk, mas retornou ao Ridge com Rollo, seu cão meio-lobo.

Brianna Ellen MacKenzie - Filha de Jamie e Claire nascida no século 20 em Boston e criada por Claire e Frank Randall. Chega no século 18 em 1769. Ela se casa com Roger e eles têm dois filhos: um filho, Jeremiah, conhecido como "Jemmy" e uma filha, Amanda Claire Hope MacKenzie (Mandy).

Roger MacKenzie - Ex-professor e historiador de Oxford, cantor folclórico, ministro e professor de gaélico. Descendente do século XX de Geillis Duncan e Dougal MacKenzie, sobrinho-neto e filho adotivo do Rev. Reginald Wakefield (Outlander), e genro de Jamie e Claire. Chega no século 18 em 1769. Casado com Brianna e pai de Jemmy e Mandy. A família vive na atual Lallybroch, a casa da família Fraser.

Jeremiah Alexander Ian Fraser MacKenzie - filho de Roger e Brianna, nascido na Carolina do Norte colonial do século 18, que como seus pais, a avó Claire e a irmã Amanda, podem viajar no tempo.

Fergus Claudel Fraser - Impressora, batedor de carteiras e espião francês. O filho adotivo de Jamie e Claire. Aparece pela primeira vez em Dragonfly in Amber. Casado com Marsali e pai de Germaine, Joan, Félicite e Henri-Christian.

Marsali Fraser - filha de Laoghaire, enteada e nora de Jamie e nora de Claire. Aparece pela primeira vez na Voyager. Casada com Fergus e mãe de Germain, Joan, Félicité e Henri-Christian.

Henri-Christian Fraser - o filho mais novo de Fergus e Marsali, uma pessoa pequena.

Janet "Jenny" Fraser Murray - A única Lady de Lallybroch, no século 18, casada com Ian Murray Sr. e irmã mais velha de James Fraser, mãe de Jamie, Maggie, Katherine, Michael, Janet e Ian.

Denys Randall-Isaacs - O filho de Alex Randall, filho putativo de Jonathan "Black Jack" Randall, e ancestral de Frank Randall, marido de Claire Fraser no século 20.

Perseverance "Percy" Wainwright Beauchamp - Espião inglês casou-se e entrou para uma família nobre francesa. Ex-amante (e mais tarde, meio-irmão) de Lord John Grey.

Dr. Denzell Hunter - médico Quaker servindo no Exército Revolucionário Americano.

Rachel Hunter - enfermeira Quaker ajudando seu irmão servindo no Exército Revolucionário Americano. Interesse amoroso do jovem Ian Murray.

Rob Cameron - Colega de Brianna no Conselho Hidroelétrico do Norte da Escócia

Referências

 Reese, Jennifer (November 27, 2007). "Book Review: Lord John and the Hand of Devils (2007)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 30, 2013.
 "Official site: Written in My Own Heart's Blood". DianaGabaldon.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2014. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
 "Book Eight Has a Title!". DianaGabaldon.com. September 5, 2011. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
Livros do século XXI
Livros dos Estados Unidos
Livros em inglês

Written in My Own Heart's Blood


قبل بلوغه الأربعين من العمر وتكليفه بالرسالة، عرف محمد  رسول ونبي الإسلام كمثال للكمال البدني والفكري والخلقي، حسبما يذكر مكسيم رودينسون في كتابه محمد. أخلاقه الحميدة أكسبته احترام الجميع، كما عرف برفضه لعبادة الأصنام والممارسات الوثنية التي كانت مكة أحد مراكزها في المنطقة. ومنذ بداية الدعوة المحمدية كانت زوجته خديجة تسانده في دعوته. بدأت الدعوة بمخاطبة الأهل والأصحاب بموضوع هذا الدين الجديد المكمل والمتمم لما سبقه. فاقتنع به البعض وساند محمد  فيه وأعرض عنه الآخرون.

نزول الوحي

كان محمد يذهب إلى غار حراء في جبل النور على بعد نحو ميلين من مكة فيأخذ معه السويق والماء فيقيم فيه شهر رمضان. وكان يختلي فيه قبل نزول القرآن عليه بواسطة أمين الوحي جبريل ويقضى وقته في التفكر والتأمل.

تذكر كتب السيرة النبوية أن الوحي نزل لأول مرّة على محمد  وهو في غار حراء، حيث جاء الوحي جبريل، فقال: اقرأ، قال:«ما أنا بقارئ» - أي لا أعرف القراءة، قال:«فأخذني فغطَّني حتى بلغ مني الجهد، ثم أرسلني» فقال: اقرأ، قلت:«ما أنا بقارئ»، قال:«فأخذني فغطَّني الثانية حتى بلغ مني الجهد، ثم أرسلني» فقال: اقرأ، فقلت:«ما أنا بقارئ، فأخذني فغطَّني الثالثة، ثـم أرسلني»، فقال: ، فأدرك محمد  أن عليه أن يعيد وراء جبريل هذه الكلمات، ورجع بها يرجف فؤاده، فدخل على زوجته خديجة، فقال:«زَمِّلُونى زملوني»، فزملوه حتى ذهب عنه الروع، فقال لزوجته خديجة:«ما لي؟» فأخبرها الخبر،«لقد خشيت على نفسي»، فقالت خديجة:«كلا، والله ما يخزيك الله أبداً، إنك لتصل الرحم، وتحمل الكل، وتكسب المعدوم، وتقري الضيف، وتعين على نوائب الحق»، فانطلقت به خديجة إلى ابن عمها ورقة بن نوفل وكان حبراً عالماً قد تنصر قبل الإسلام، وكان يكتب الكتاب العبراني، فيكتب من الإنجيل بالعبرانية، وكان شيخًا كبيراً فأخبره خبر ما رأى، فقال له ورقة:«هذا الناموس الذي أنزله الله على موسى«. وقد جاءه الوحي جبريل أخرى جالسا على كرسي بين السماء والأرض، ففر منه رعباً حتى هوى إلى الأرض، فذهب إلى زوجته خديجة فقال:«دثروني، دثروني، وصبوا علي ماءً بارداً»، فنزلت: ، وهذه الآيات هي بداية رسالته ثم بدأ الوحي ينزل ويتتابع لمدة ثلاثة وعشرين عاماً حتى وفاته. وفي رواية وردت في طبقات ابن سعد وتاريخ الطبري وبلاغات البخاري؛ بعد وفاة ورقة بن نوفل كان الوحي يتقطع، فيصاب محمد بحالة إحباط وحزن شديدين حتى أنه يفكر في الانتحار بإلقاء نفسه من فوق قمم الجبال، لكنه كلما كان يصل لقمة جبل ليلقي نفسه كان يتبدى له جبريل ويقول له:  فيهدأ ويتراجع، لكنه كان يكررها كلما انقطع الوحي. لكن الرأي السني الذي يعتبر أن الانتحار محرم في الإسلام ينكر وقوع هذه الحادثة، حيث أنكر علماء الأزهر على هذه الرواية في كتابهم«حقائق الإسلام في مواجهة المشككين»، وذلك بسبب أن الواقدي عند علماء الحديث هو«متروك الحديث»، وثانيا فإن رواية الطبري فهي مردودة سندا ومتنا لاختلافها مع روايات أخرى، وثالثا ذكر هذه الواقعة قد ورد تحت ضمن بلاغات البخاري ما يعني أنها مجرد خبر بُلغ به وهو ما يعتبره العلماء ليس ضمن الأحاديث صحيحة السند أو المتن التي أخرجها البخاري في صحيحه. وهذا بالإضافة إن هذا البلاغ ليس موصولاً بالنبي محمد. رواية التفكير في الانتحار لتأخر الوحي لم تصح، والزيادة التي في البخاري لا تنسب للصحيح لأنها ليست على شرطه، وقد أثبتها البخاري أنها من قول الزهري لا غيره، فهي بلاغ مقطوع الإسناد لا يصح.

أوائل المسلمين
ممن سبق إلى الإسلام خديجة بنت خويلد، وابن عمه علي بن أبي طالب وكان صبيا ابن عشر سنين يعيش في كفالة محمد  وأسلم بعد النبوة بسنة، جمع الرسول محمد  أهله وأقاربه وعرض عليهم الإسلام فلم يجبه إلا علي. ثم أسلم مولاه الصحابي زيد بن حارثة، وصديقه أبو بكر في أوائل أيام الدعوة. واستمرت الدعوة سراً لمدة ثلاث سنوات ثم نزل الوحي يكلف الرسول بإعلان الدعوة والجهر بها.

موقف زعماء قريش

وفقا لابن سعد، لم تعارض قريش محمد في دعوته إلا بعد أن نزلت آيات في ذم الأصنام وعبادتها. في حين يتمسك مفسري القرآن وبعض كتاب السيرة بأن المعارضة تزامنت مع بدء الدعوة الجهرية للإسلام. كما مثلت زيادة عدد معتنقي الإسلام خطرا على نظام الحياة الدينية في مكة، مما يؤثر سلبا على القوة الاقتصادية لقريش التي تستمدها من حماية الكعبة وأصنامها وخدمة الحجيج وتوافدهم إلى المدينة، فكانت دعوة محمد  تشكل تهديدا بزوال سلطتهم. فقدم كبار تجار قريش على محمد عرضا بالتخلي عن دعوته -وفي رواية ابن سعد التوقف عن شتم آلهتهم- في مقابل مشاركته التجارة ودخوله ضمن صفوفهم، والزواج من بناتهم لبناء مركزه بينهم، بيد أنه رفض. فعرضوا عليه أن يعبد آلهتهم سنة ويعبدون الله سنة بحسب تاريخ الطبري، فأخبرهم أنه سينتظر أمر الله، فنزلت الآيات ، كما نزلت الآيات:  إلى الآية: .

لجؤوا بعد ذلك إلى تشويه صورته قصد إبعاد الناس عنه. فقالوا عن محمد : أنه مصاب بنوع من الجنون، وقالوا: إن له جناً أو شيطاناً يتنزل عليه كما ينزل الجن والشياطين على الكهان، وقالوا شاعر، وقالوا ساحر، وكانوا يعملون للحيلولة بين الناس وبين سماعهم القرآن، ومعظم شبهاتهم دارت حول توحيد الله، ثم رسالته، ثم بعث الأموات ونشرهم وحشرهم يوم القيامة وقد رد القرآن على كل شبهة من شبهاتهم حول التوحيد. لكنهم لما رؤوا أن هذه الأساليب لم تجد نفعاً في إحباط الدعوة الإسلامية استشاروا فيما بينهم، وقرروا القيام بتعذيب المسلمين. فأخذ كل رئيس يعذب من دان من قبيلته بالإسلام، وتصدوا لمن يدخل الإسلام بالتعذيب والضرب والجلد والكي. حتى وصل الأمر إلى إيذاء محمد نفسه وضربوه ورجموه بالحجارة في مرات عديدة ووضعوا الشوك في طريقه.

لما اشتد البلاء على المسلمين أخبرهم الرسول محمد  أن الله أذن لهم بالهجرة إلى الحبشة في عام 615م، فخرج الصحابي عثمان بن عفان ومعه زوجته رقية بنت محمد، وخرج الصحابي أبو حاطب بن عمرو ثم خرج الصحابي جعفر بن أبي طالب فكانوا قرابة 80 رجلاً.

يقول الطبري أن محمداً  «كان حريصا على صلاح قومه محبا لمقاربتهم، وشق عليه مقاطعة قومه له وإعراضهم عنه»، وقد نقل الطبري رواية عن ابن حميد عن سلمة عن محمد بن كعب القرظي قيل فيها:«أن النبي محمد تمنى أن ينزل الله عليه ما يقرب بينه وبين قومه، فكان يوما يصلي بالمسلمين بسورة النجم، فلما انتهى إلى:   ألقى الشيطان على لسانه -أو ألقاها الشيطان بنفسه على مسامع الكفار حسب تفسير ابن كثير والقرطبي- كلمات وهي: ، حتى أتم السورة ثم سجد فسجد معه المسلمين وكل من كان في المسجد من قريش وكل من سمع بذلك». وتقول الرواية أن محمد  قام بالتراجع لاحقا عن ذلك الجزء وحزن وخاف خوفا شديدا من الله لكنه عفا عنه وأنزل عليه الآيات: . وتعرف تلك الحادثة بقصة الغرانيق، التي ذكرها بعض المؤرخين مثل ابن سعد والطبري وابن الأثير وابن المطهر. إلا أن الرواية المذكورة في صحيح البخاري:ج2/ص32 بدون ذكر حادثة الغرانيق،: ، وهي الرواية التي أيدها وابن كثير الذي اعتبر قصة الغرانيق مرسلة وسندها غير صحيح. ويوافقه في ذلك الرأي السني الرسمي الذي يعتبرها قصة مكذوبة من وضع الزنادقة وقد ذكر أخرون سبب أخر لسجود المشركين غير قصة الغرانيق مثل الآلوسي الذي قال أن سجودهم لم يكن لمدح ألهتهم ولكن لدهشة أصابتهم وخوف اعتراهم عند سماع السورة وهى فيها ذكر كيف أهلك الله الأقوام السابقة لتكذيبهم أنبيائهم مثل قوم عاد وثمود ونوح ومن شدة الأيات وخوفهم استشعروا أن يحدث ذلك معهم فلما رأوا المسلمين يسجدون ظنوا أن الهلاك سيحل بهم فسجدوا خوفا من ذلك، وصلت الأخبار للمسلمين بالحبشة أن قريشاً قد أسلموا -نظرا لسجودهم-، فقدم مكة منهم جماعة فوجدوا الاضطهاد مستمرا فمكثوا بمكة إلى أن هاجروا إلى المدينة.

مقاطعة قريش للمسلمين

لما انتشر الإسلام وذاع، اتفق زعماء قريش على مقاطعة بني هاشم وبني المطلب ابني عبد مناف فلا يبايعوهم ولا يناكحوهم ولا يكلموهم ولا يجالسوهم حتى يسلموا إليهم محمد ، وكتبوا بذلك صحيفة وعلقوها في سقف الكعبة. فانحاز إلى الشعب بنو هاشم وبنو المطلب مسلمين كانوا أو غير مسلمين إلا أبا لهب فإنه ظاهر قريش. استمرت المقاطعة قرابة ثلاث سنوات فلم يقربهم أحد في الشِعب. ثم سعى في نقض تلك الصحيفة أقوام من قريش فكان القائم في أمر ذلك هشام بن عمرو فأجابته قريش، وأخبرهم محمد  أن الله قد أرسل على تلك الصحيفة الأكلة فأكلت جميع ما فيها إلا المواضع التي ذكر فيها الله.

عام الحزن

توفي كل من زوجته خديجة وعمه أبو طالب -أكبر مؤيدي ومساندي محمد- في عام 619 م فسُمٍّي بعام الحزن. فتولى أبو لهب قيادة بني هاشم من بعد أبي طالب، وبعدها انحسرت حماية بني هاشم لمحمد  وازداد أذى قريش له. مما دفعه للخروج إلى الطائف ليدعوهم آملاً أن يؤوه وينصروه على قومه، لكنهم آذوه ورموه بالحجارة ورفضوا دعوته ولم يسلم إلا الطفيل بن عمرو الدوسي (الذي دعا قومه فأسلم بعضهم وأقام في بلاده حتى فتح خيبر ثم قدم بهم في نحو من ثمانين بيتاً). عاد محمد إلى مكة تحت حماية المطعم بن عدي. وفقاً للمعتقد الإسلامي فإن الملائكة عرضت على النبي محمد  أن يهلكوا أهل الطائف إلا أنه رفض وقال: «عسى أن يخرج من أصلابهم أقوام يقولون ربنا الله».

هوامش ومصادر

تاريخ إسلامي
علامات الساعة الصغرى
محمد

البعثة النبوية


Saxa-Gotha () a fost unul dintre ducatele saxone deținute de ramura ernestină a Casei de Wettin. Reședința ducală a fost înălțată la Gotha.

Ducatul a fost înființat în 1640, când Ducele Wilhelm de Saxa-Weimar a creat o subdiviziune pentru fratele său mai mic Ernest I cel Pios. Ducele Ernest și-a stabilit reședința la Gotha, unde a construit Schloss Friedenstein între 1643 și 1654. În același timp, Ducatul de Saxa-Eisenach a fost creat pentru al treilea frate, Albert al IV-lea.

Albert a murit în 1644 și Ernest a moștenit mari părți din ducatul său, deși nu și teritoriul de bază din jurul reședinței de la Eisenach și de la Wartburg, care a revenit fratelui său mai mare, Wilhelm de Saxa-Weimar. Ernest a putut include, de asemenea, mai multe moșii ale Casei de Henneberg care s-a stins în 1660. În cele din urmă, în 1672 el a primit cea mai mare parte din Saxa-Altenburg prin soția sa, Elisabeta Sofia, după ce ultimul duce de Altenburg, Friedrich Wilhelm al III-lea, a murit fără moștenitori. Ernest va fi numit Duce de Saxa-Gotha-Altenburg.

Când Ernest a murit în 1675, el a lăsat celor șapte fii ai săi un teritoriu extins în mod semnificativ. La început, fiul cel mare, Frederic, a domnit împreună cu frații săi, până în 1680 când ducatul a fost împărțit. Zona din jurul orașului Gota și de asemenea Altenburg au revenit lui Frederic, care a reținut pentru el titlul de Duce de Saxa-Gotha-Altenburg.

Duci de Saxa-Gotha
 Ernest I cel Pios (1640–75), Duce de Saxa-Gotha-Altenburg din 1672
 Frederic I, Duce de Saxa-Gotha-Altenburg (1675-1691), a domnit împreună cu frații săi până în 1680:
 Albert al V-lea, a devenit Duce de Saxa-Coburg
 Bernhard I, a devenit Duce de Saxa-Meiningen
 Heinrich, a devenit Duce de Saxa-Römhild
 Christian, a devenit Duce de Saxa-Eisenberg
 Ernest, a devenit Duce de Saxa-Hildburghausen
 Johann Ernest al IV-lea, a devenit Duce de Saxa-Saalfeld

Când Casa de Saxa-Gotha și Altenburg s-a stins în 1825, ducatul de Saxa-Gotha-Altenburg a fost împărțit. Saxa-Gotha a revenit Ducelui de Saxa-Coburg-Saalfeld care în schimb a cedat Saalfeld către Saxa-Meiningen. Ducele de Saxa-Hildburghausen a primit Saxa-Altenburg și a cedat districtul de Hildburghausen către Saxa-Meiningen.

După abolirea monarhiei germane la sfârșitul Primului Război Mondial ducatul a devenit parte a noului stat creat Thuringia în 1920.

Duci de Saxa-Gotha
Casa de Wettin

Saxa-Gotha


Nuhu'anh (Wood Man, Woodsman), Šumski čovjek je dlakavi šumski divlji čovjek nalik bigfootu koji se kreće nečujno i rijetko se otkriva ljudima. Često krade stvari ili čini druge manje nestašluke. U nekim pričama Šumski ljudi hvataju atabaskansku djecu ili progone ljude i pokušavaju se pariti s njima. U nekim plemenima, kao što je Ahtena, kaže se da postoji samo jedan Šumski čovjek, koji je besmrtni mitološki lik. U drugim plemenima se kaže da postoje šumski ljudi oba spola. Oni se mogu preklapati s Bush Indijancima u folkloru nekih zajednica, ali većina Atabaskanaca ih smatra različitim bićima-- Bush Indijanci su agresivniji, sličniji ljudima i žive u plemenima, dok su Šumski ljudi samotnjaci, prikriveni i ne ubijaju ljude.

Izvori

Indijanska mitologija (šumski duhovi)
Ahtena mitologija
Koyukon mitologija

Nuhu'anh


Superman: Red Son is a three-issue prestige format comic book mini-series published by DC Comics that was released under their Elseworlds imprint in 2003. Author Mark Millar created the comic with the premise "What if Superman had been raised in the Soviet Union?" It received critical acclaim and was nominated for the 2004 Eisner Award for best limited series.

The story mixes alternate versions of DC super-heroes with alternate-reality versions of real political figures such as Joseph Stalin and John F. Kennedy. The series spans approximately 1953–2001, save for a futuristic epilogue.

In Red Son, Superman's rocket ship lands on a Ukrainian collective farm rather than in Kansas. As an adult he becomes a state-sponsored superhero whose civilian identity is kept a state secret, and who in Soviet radio broadcasts, is described not as fighting for "truth, justice, and the American Way", but as "the Champion of the common worker who fights a never-ending battle for Stalin, socialism, and the international expansion of the Warsaw Pact".

Publication history
The ideas that made up the story came together over a long stretch of time. Millar said:

By 1992, he had already developed many of the plot points:

Grant Morrison has given interviews about giving Mark Millar the idea of sending Superman back to the past, as was used in the end of Red Son.

Certain images from the series are taken from famous comic book covers or panels. A splash panel from the first issue references Superman's pose on the cover of Superman #1. Another panel showing riots in the U.S. mimics the cover to Action Comics #1, which was the first appearance of Superman.

Plot
The Soviet Union reveals Superman to the world in 1953. The news of a superpowered alien under Soviet control causes panic in the United States, shifting the focus of the Cold War arms race from nuclear weapons to metahumans. CIA agent James Olsen recruits Lex Luthor, a scientist employed by S.T.A.R. Labs, to destroy Superman. Luthor's first act is to cause Sputnik 2 to plummet towards Metropolis. After Superman diverts the satellite away from the city, Luthor retrieves traces of Superman's genetic material from the satellite and uses them to create a monstrous clone of Superman, whom Lex Luthor names Superman Two.

Meanwhile, Superman meets Wonder Woman at a diplomatic party, and she becomes smitten with him. Pyotr Roslov, the head of the NKVD and Joseph Stalin's illegitimate son, is angry that Superman has turned his father's attention away from him and ended his chances of advancement within the Soviet regime. Pyotr shoots a dissident couple in front of their son for printing anti-Superman propaganda. Stalin dies from cyanide poisoning, and Superman initially refuses command of the Communist Party. However, a chance meeting with Lana Lazarenko, his childhood sweetheart, changes his mind. Superman chooses to use his powers for the greater good and turn his country into a utopia.

The U.S. government sends "Superman Two" to engage Superman, and their duel causes an accidental nuclear missile launch in Great Britain. The clone sacrifices itself to save millions. Luthor murders his research staff at S.T.A.R. Labs and founds LuthorCorp, dedicating his life to destroying Superman.

By 1978, the United States is on the verge of social collapse whereas the prosperous Soviet Union has peacefully expanded its influence to nearly every corner of the globe. The cost of this progress is an increased infringement on individual liberties, with Superman fast becoming a Big Brother-like figure, and the introduction of a brain surgery technique that turns dissidents into obedient drones, or "Superman Robots". Superman now works with Wonder Woman to save lives as well as govern the Soviet state. Wonder Woman has become increasingly enamored of Superman, but he considers her simply as a comrade, and is oblivious to her love for him.

Luthor plans to shrink Moscow, but this plan fails when Brainiac, his collaborator, shrinks Stalingrad instead. Superman intervenes and retrieves both Brainiac's central processing unit and the tiny city, putting an end to the Brainiac-Luthor cooperation. He is unable to restore Stalingrad and its inhabitants to their proper size. This becomes his one failure and a source of great guilt.

Luthor's third plan involves the vigilante Batman, who was the boy orphaned by Pyotr. Batman joins forces with LuthorCorp and Pyotr, now head of the KGB. They capture Wonder Woman and use her as bait for Superman, hoping to sap his powers with rays that imitate sunlight from Superman's home planet. The plan works, but Superman convinces Wonder Woman to break free of the lasso that she is tied up with and destroy the generators running the lamps emitting the solar energy. She does, severely injuring herself in the process, but the lamps stop running and Superman's powers return. Scared that Superman was going to lobotomize him and turn him into a robot, Batman kills himself as a martyr to his cause. Pyotr is turned into a Superman robot, and Wonder Woman no longer has feelings for Superman, as he shows little to no regard for her injured condition.

Luthor enacts his fourth plan when he finds a mysterious green lantern in an alien ship that crashed at Roswell, New Mexico. Brainiac is reprogrammed into Superman's aide, and the construction of a Fortress of Solitude, located in Siberia and referred to as "The Winter Palace", begins. Superman's reign continues with no crime, poverty, or unemployment, but with an ever-present state authority. Superman is committed to "winning the argument" with the U.S., and repeatedly refuses Brainiac's suggestions of an invasion. Stalingrad remains his one failure, now contained within a protective glass "bottle".

In 2001, the U.S. elects Luthor and Olsen as President and Vice President, respectively. Using his scientific expertise, massive economic capital and dictatorial powers, Luthor returns prosperity to his country. This is only a part of a more general plan to provoke Superman into invading the United States. Luthor shows Olsen two of his greatest discoveries: the Phantom Zone, a place that super-hearing cannot reach; and the Green Lantern Corps.

Luthor confronts Superman in the Winter Palace. Brainiac yanks Luthor deep into the recesses of the Fortress to be converted surgically into a Superman Robot, claiming that Lex would convince Superman to commit suicide in less than 14 minutes. Superman agrees that his hand has been forced, and prepares to attack.

First Lady Lois Luthor visits Paradise Island to forge an alliance with the Amazon empire, now ruled by an embittered and vengeful Wonder Woman. Superman attacks the East Coast, confronting and defeating the Green Lantern Marine Corps, which is led by Colonel Hal Jordan. The Amazon forces, commanded by Wonder Woman, attack Superman but are quickly defeated, along with a collection of "super-menaces" (including the Atomic Skull, the Parasite and Doomsday) that Luthor had put together over the years. Brainiac's spaceship cuts the U.S. Pacific Fleet to pieces, and the two superbeings meet at the White House. They are greeted by Lois Luthor with the last weapon, a small note written by Lex that reads: "Why don't you just put the whole world in a bottle, Superman?"

Realizing he has meddled in affairs that he had no place in, Superman orders Brainiac to end the invasion. Brainiac, however, reveals it has never been under Superman's control, and instead attacks Superman with green radiation. Brainiac is shut down from inside by Luthor, who evaded the surgery. As the singularities powering Brainiac's ship threaten to collapse, Superman rockets it into space, where it explodes. The Earth is saved, but Superman is apparently dead.

The Soviet Union falls into chaos, but is soon brought back under control thanks to the Batmen (resistance members who began wearing the costume after Batman's death). Luthor integrates many of Superman's and Brainiac's ideas into the new philosophy of "Luthorism" and forms a "Global United States". This becomes the defining moment for mankind's future as it enters an unprecedented age of peace and stability. A benevolent world government is formed and maintained. Luthor presides over a string of scientific achievements, including the curing of all known disease, and colonization of the solar system. Luthor lives for over 1,000 years.

At Luthor's funeral, it is revealed that Superman survived the explosion of Brainiac's ship and is apparently immortal. Superman attends the funeral wearing a business suit and thick glasses essentially identical to the appearance of Clark Kent, an identity he never adopted in this timeline. Luthor's widow, Lois, sees this mysterious figure in the crowd and, other than an eerie sense of deja vu, suspects nothing. Superman walks quietly away from the ceremony, planning to live among humans rather than ruling over them.

Billions of years in the future, Earth is being torn apart by tidal stresses from the sun, which has become a red giant. Luthor's distant descendant, Jor-L, sends his infant son, Kal-L, rocketing back into the past. The final panels of the comic book depict the landing of Kal-L's timeship in a Ukrainian collective in 1938, effectively causing a predestination paradox (and, thus, making Superman a descendant of Luthor and Lois).

Collected editions

In 2004 the story was collected into a 160-page trade paperback. (Titan Books, March 2004, )

In 2009, it was collected into a 168-page hardcover Deluxe Edition. (Titan Books, December 2009, )

In other DC Comics
In The New 52 (a reboot of DC's continuity), the alternate Earth depicted in Superman: Red Son has been designated Earth-30. The Superman of Earth-30 also appeared in the Countdown: Arena series in 2007, in which he came into conflict with the Cold War U.S.-based Supermen of Earth-31 (The Dark Knight Returns) and Earth-15 (Chris Kent). In 2008, Earth-30 and its Soviet Superman also appeared in the Countdown to Final Crisis: The Search for Ray Palmer storyline, where it was one of the alternate Earths visited by Jason Todd, Donna Troy and Kyle Rayner to locate Earth-0's absent Atom (Ray Palmer). Characters from Superman: Red Son also appeared in the Action Comics and Detective Comics tie-ins to the "Convergence" storyline, in which they are forced to fight against the heroes from the original Earth-Two's Metropolis. A promotional comic, Kentucky Fried Chicken Presents: The Colonel Corps had the Colonel Sanders of Earth-30 ("Comrade Sanders") joining with Colonels from other universes to take on Earth-3's evil Colonel Sanders. This Sanders wore an ushanka.

In the alternate 1940 setting of DC Comics Bombshells, Stargirl and Supergirl are both Soviet aviators in the Night Witches, which was seen as a nod to Superman: Red Son.

In March 2018, the Batman featured in this story made a cameo appearance in the sixth issue of the Dark Nights: Metal comic book series.

Merchandise
Figures based on characters from the series include Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman, President Superman and Green Lantern. A boxset was released in 2008 featuring Superman, Wonder Woman, Batman, and a remolded Bizarro.

In other media

Live action

Television
 The fourth season of Supergirl adapts concepts from the story. In the third season finale, Supergirl is exposed to black kryptonite, which creates a clone of her. Her clone ends up in Siberia and is secretly trained by the Soviet military in Kaznia under the codename Snowbird. When the clone is exposed to Kryptonite gas, Lex Luthor cures her and adopts her as Red Daughter. Red Daughter, using the alias Linda Lee, works with Lex until he is arrested. Following this, Red Daughter frames Supergirl by attacking the White House disguised as her. Kara and Lex's sister Lena travel to Kaznia, where they discover Red Daughter's origins. When Kara attempts to convince the President of the United States about Red Daughter's true nature, she is kidnapped and placed in a room with Red Daughter to be executed. However, the clone is exposed to kryptonite while Kara escapes. Red Daughter disguises herself as Kara and threatens her adoptive mother under Lex's orders, who had escaped prison. Kara goes to confront Red Daughter, who supposedly kills her with Lex's help, but Red Daughter later finds out Lex had betrayed Kaznia and framed himself a public hero by killing Red Daughter in front of the world. Red Daughter is revealed to be alive and being held captive at Shelly Island, where he uses her powers, among those of other kidnapped aliens, to power up a satellite to destroy Argo City in order to kill Superman. During a confrontation between Lex and Kara, Red Daughter sacrifices herself to save the latter after learning of the former's true nature.
 A different version of Pyotr Roslov appears in season seven episode "Due Process" of Arrow, portrayed by Bruce Blain. He is a former KGB agent, who works as a criminal and is Anatoly Knyazev's colleague. Pyotr has a connection with Ricardo Diaz and ARGUS sends Anatoly to get a data from his computer in the stockroom storage to discover Diaz's plan. When retrieving data, Pyotr discovers his intentions and intends to kill him, but ARGUS kills all criminals and him. ARGUS discovers that Diaz wanted to buy two aerial explosives from him to destroy Star City.

Animation

Film
 In 2013, James Tucker expressed interest in making an animated movie adaptation of Red Son for DC Universe Animated Original Movies. The animated adaptation of the comic was later released as part of this line above. Jason Isaacs starred as Superman opposite Amy Acker as Lois Lane, Diedrich Bader as Lex Luthor, and Paul Williams as Brainiac, with Roger Craig Smith as Batman and Vanessa Marshall as Wonder Woman. Also appearing are William Salyers as Joseph Stalin, Jim Meskimen as John F. Kennedy, Phil Morris as James Olsen, Sasha Roiz as Hal Jordan, Phil LaMarr as John Stewart, Travis Willingham as Superior Man, and Winter Zoli as Svetlana. Anna Vocino, Greg Chun, Jim Ward and Jason Spisak were also in the film. The film was released digitally on February 25, 2020 and on 4K Ultra HD and Blu-ray on March 17.
 In 2017, Jordan Vogt-Roberts had pitched a live-action adaptation for Superman: Red Son to Warner Bros. Pictures but the studio had passed it on.

Television
 In the Justice League Action episode "Keeping Up with the Kryptonians", Mr. Mxyzptlk sends Superman to Kasnia, where he becomes a variation of Red Son Superman.

Video games
 The video game Injustice: Gods Among Us features DLC costumes for Superman, Wonder Woman, Solomon Grundy, Green Lantern, Batman, and Deathstroke as well as missions that are based on the Red Son storyline.
 Said costumes are unlockable in the iOS variation of Injustice: Gods Among Us, again for Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, Deathstroke and Solomon Grundy.
 The Red Son SteelBook special edition of Injustice: Gods Among Us, released in the United Kingdom, includes the three character skins for Superman, Wonder Woman and Solomon Grundy and 20 missions set in the Red Son timeline.
 The game Batman: Arkham Origins has the Red Son Batman skin in the game's DLC and is a skin in the iOS version of the game.
 Superman's Red Son outfit appears as a costume variant in Injustice 2. In Green Arrow's ending, the Red Son version of Batman is part of a Multiverse Justice League with Earth-23 Superman, Flashpoint Wonder Woman, and the game's version of Green Arrow.

Miscellaneous
 As part of its motion comics series, DC/Warner released a 12-part adaptation of the story on iTunes, with a new episode being released every week beginning in late July 2009. The Superman: Red Son motion comic was animated by New Zealand-based Karactaz Animation and featured a select voice cast based in the Los Angeles region. It had received positive reviews from the motion comics community and has since been released in made-to-order DVD form by WBShop.com.

See also
 List of Elseworlds publications
 Superman: True Brit

References

Further reading
 Zenker, Gary (2013), Ultimate DC Comics Action Figures and Collectibles Checklist, White Lightning Publishing ()

External links

  (motion comics adaptation)

Comics by Mark Millar
Comics set in the Soviet Union
Alternate history comics
Fiction set in 1938
Fiction set in 1953
Fiction set in 1978
Fiction set in 2001
Cultural depictions of Joseph Stalin
Cultural depictions of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Cultural depictions of John F. Kennedy
Cultural depictions of Richard Nixon
DC Comics adapted into films

Superman: Red Son


Codsall es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de South Staffordshire, en el condado de Staffordshire (Inglaterra).

Geografía

Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Codsall tiene una superficie de 12,38 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Codsall tenía 7496 habitantes (47,52% varones, 52,48% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 605,49 hab/km². El 16,53% eran menores de 16 años, el 73,13% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 10,34% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 44,19 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 20,74% estaban solteros, el 63,39% casados, y el 15,87% divorciados o viudos.

Según su grupo étnico, el 97,97% de los habitantes eran blancos, el 0,68% mestizos, el 1,05% asiáticos, el 0,19% negros, y el 0,11% de cualquier otro. La mayor parte (97,19%) eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 1,09% de la población, mientras que el 1,72% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. El cristianismo era profesado por el 85,3%, el budismo por el 0,05%, el hinduismo por el 0,48%, el judaísmo por el 0,07%, el islam por el 0,35%, el sijismo por el 0,36%, y cualquier otra religión por el 0,11%. El 7,74% no eran religiosos y el 5,55% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

Había 3036 hogares con residentes, 47 vacíos, y 3 eran alojamientos vacacionales o segundas residencias.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Staffordshire
Parroquias civiles de Staffordshire

Codsall


Hrvatsko kulturno-umjetničko društvo Husino, kulturno-umjetničko društvo Hrvata s Husina. Osnovano je 1935. godine. Radi neprekidno punih 74 godine. Osvojili su nagrade na domaćim i međunarodnim smotrama folklora. HKUD je iznjedrio i amatersko kazalište.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Facebook HKUD Husino: album 74. godišnjica od osnivanja HKUD Husino

Husino
Hrvatska kulturno-umjetnička društva

HKUD Husino


En modeuge er en begivenhed i modebranchen, som varer omkring en uge, hvor i modeskabere, mærker eller modehuse fremviser deres seneste kollektioner til medier og købere. Disse begivenheder har indflydelse på trends for de indeværende og kommende sæsoner.

De mest prominente modeuger afholdes i verdens modehovedstader, de fire store modeuger, som modtager majoriteten af medierne dækning er: New York, London, Milano og Paris.

Modebranchen er blevet flerfoldig i det 21. århundrede og andre betydelige modeuger er Berlin, Los Angeles, Madrid, Rom, São Paulo, Shanghai og Tokyo.

Der afholdes modeuge i København to gange årligt.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

 Fashion Week Online
 Vogue

Uge
Kulturelle begivenheder

Modeuge


Las Primarias del Partido Republicano de 2012 en Arizona se hicieron el 28 de febrero de 2012. Las Primarias del Partido Republicano fueron unas Primarias, con 29 delegados para elegir al candidato del partido Republicano para las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2012. En el estado de Arizona estuvieron en disputa 29 delegados.

Elecciones

Resultados
Solamente 23 candidatos aparecieron en las boletas electorales, en la cual, 11 son residentes del estado. Arizona sólo tuvo 29 delegados porque cambió su primaria al 28 de febrero.

Arizona tuvo una primaria cerrada, con 1,129,651 republicanos registrados al 22 de febrero, en el cual Mitt Romney resultó ser ganador, obteniendo los 29 delegados.
Voter turnout = 38.11%

Resultados con el 100.0% (722 de 722 precintos) de los precintos reportados:

Véase también
 Primarias presidenciales del Partido Republicano de 2012

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Destino 2012 en Univision (en español)
 Calendario de las Primarias en Arizona (en inglés)
 Primarias y Primarias en CNN (en inglés)
 Candidatos a las Primarias (en inglés)

2012
Arizona


24162 Askaci este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
24162 Askaci este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Olathe (Kansas) de Larry Robinson (astronom). Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,78 ua, o excentricitate de 0,02 și o înclinație de 1,8° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 24001-25000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

24162 Askaci


Cornelis (Cor) Goldschmeding (* 7. Juli 1927; † 5. Februar 1995) war ein niederländischer Schachkomponist.

Leben
Goldschmeding studierte Wirtschaftswissenschaften in Amsterdam. Danach arbeitete er für die Handelskammer, zunächst als Adjunkt in Amsterdam, zuletzt in Arnhem als Sekretar (Direktor). Er war im Vorstand des Nederlandse Bond van Probleemvrienden und Präsidiumsmitglied der PCCC.

Schachkomposition
Goldschmeding publizierte seine erste Aufgabe mit 12 Jahren. Sein Gesamtwerk umfasst etwa 700 Schachaufgaben, ein Großteil davon Zweizüger. Sehr erfolgreich war Goldschmeding aber auch mit Dreizügern sowie gelegentlich mit Mehrzügern, Hilfsmatts und Märchenschachaufgaben. 1958 wurde er zum Internationalen Preisrichter für Schachkomposition ernannt.
Großmeister für Schachkomposition war er seit 1988. Typisch für sein Schaffen ist nachfolgende Aufgabe.

Verführung:
1. Sexd4? (droht 2. Lf3 matt)
1. … Te2 2. Sc3 matt
1. … Txf2 2. Se6 matt
1. … Tf7 2. Sxc2 matt
1. … Df8 2. Sd6 matt
aber  1. … hxg3!
Lösung:
1. Sbxd4! (droht 2. Lf3 matt)
1. … Te2 2. Dc6 matt
1. … Txf2 2. Sb5 matt
1. … Tf7 2. Sg5 matt
1. … Df8 2. Sxc2 matt
1. … d2 2. Lxc2 matt
1. … exd4 2. Txd4 matt
Batterieauswahl mit vier Mattwechseln und zweimal Rückkehr im Mattzug.

Satzspiel:
1. … Ta4/Ta3/Ta2/Ta1/Ta6/Tg5 2. Dg5 matt [A]
1. … Tf5 2. Dh6 matt [B]
Verführung:
1. Dg4+? Tg5 2. Dxg5 matt [A] scheitert an 1. … Kxf6!
Lösung:
1. Sd5! (droht 2. Df7 matt)
1. … Kh5 2. Dg5 matt [A]
1. … Kh7 2. Dh6 matt [B]

Literatur
 Eeltje Visserman: Drs. C. Goldschmeding. Nederlandse Bond van Probleemvrienden, Den Haag 1976.

Weblinks

 Kurzporträt von Cornelis Goldschmeding (niederländisch)

Einzelnachweise

Schachkomponist
Niederländer
Geboren 1927
Gestorben 1995
Mann

Cornelis Goldschmeding


What's with Andy? (Sacré Andy ! in French) is an American-Canadian-French animated children's television series loosely based on the semi-autobiographical Just! book series by Australian author Andy Griffiths. The series is produced by CinéGroupe and aired on Teletoon, with various Disney-affiliated foreign studios and networks involved throughout the production of the series.

The main character is Andy Larkin, a mischievous teen and the self-proclaimed "world's greatest prankster". The show follows him as he tries to perform elaborate practical jokes, or pranks, on people in the fictional town of East Gackle, as his best friend, Danny Pickett, helps him out with almost every prank; his antagonists include: his older sister, Jen Larkin; and the bullies Peter Lik and Andrew Leech. He has a crush on a girl named Lori Mackney, whom he usually tries to impress.

The first season features an American cast of voice actors (with the exception of Canadian-born Ian James Corlett) and takes place in the United States. However, starting with the second season, all voice actors and screenwriters are Canadians and the show is set in the Canadian Prairies. Throughout the series, Andy often breaks the fourth wall to address the audience, with the screen freezing in black and white in the first season – a distinctive feature of the show referred to as "Doodle Vision".

Characters

Andrew "Andy" Larkin
Andy is a teenager who loves to prank people as well as annoy his friends and family (especially his sister), but often gets into trouble. His best friend is Danny and he has a crush on Lori. His catchphrase is "Cheque, please!" His name comes from Andy Griffiths, whom he is based on.

Daniel "Danny" Tadeus Pickett
Andy's best friend and right-hand man, helping him out with countless pranks. His last name has always been Pickett. The name "Danny Pickett is taken directly from the Just books. It's revealed in The Unfortunate One, that Danny is an Aries.

Lori Mackney
Andy's crush but she is dismayed by his childishness due to his pranking. It is hinted that she returns Andy's feelings and dislikes Jen because Lori thinks that Jen abuses Andy. She wears a cropped green tank top, blue skirt and slide sandals. She is known as "Lisa" in the books.

The Larkin family
 Mr. Al Larkin: Andy and Jen's father and Freida's husband who also used to be a prankster, known as "The Mystery Prankster", aka "The Mystery Prankster of East Gackle" (he hides this fact from his family). However, he was cured of pranking by school counselor, Mrs. Murphy.
 Mrs. Freida Larkin: Andy and Jen's mother and Al's wife. She knows nothing about her husband's past as a prankster.
 Jennifer "Jen" Larkin: Andy's older sister who is always cranky and irritable. She blames her younger brother Andy for almost everything and finds his pranks childish and unfunny. She is unaware of her father's past as a prankster.
 Spank Larkin: Andy's fat and lazy dog. Spank frequently yawns, especially after going for a walk. He also appears to have flatulence problems.
 Norman Larkin: Andy's grandfather and Al's father who is also a prankster, implying that the male side of the Larkin family comes from a long line of pranksters (apparently with the exception of Al, but in the episode "Mind Games" it was revealed that he also used to be a prankster, possibly even greater than his son or father).

Recurring/minor characters
 Teri: Jen's best friend.
 Jervis Coltrane: A Canadian French snob who has a crush on Lori Mackney and dreams of being the Prime Minister of Canada.
 Peter Lik and Andrew Leech: Peter and Andrew are Andy's and Danny's nemeses. They are usually referred to as Lik and Leech.
 Craig Bennett: Jen's crush and one of the best athletes of East Gackle.
 Martin Bonwick: He is a stereotypically nervous nerd who very often gets bullied.
 Victor "Vic" Muskowitz (Mush): The pizza delivery man of East Gackle who is a good friend of Andy and Danny and he sometimes helps them with pranks.
 Steve Rowgee Jr.: A dumb police officer who is the incompetent son of Steve Rowgee Sr.
 Steve Rowgee Sr.: A police officer who is an old man, who always commands Steve Rowgee Jr. (his son) and is nicknamed the Iron Fisted Maniac.
 Principal DeRosa: He is the bad-tempered principal of the school in East Gackle and the main antagonist who is obsessed with punishing Andy.
 Mr. Hutchins: One of the many teachers at East Gackle school, Andy likes to prank him more than the other teachers.
 Mayor Henry K. Roth: The mayor of East Gackle.
 Mayor Simms: Mayor of West Gackle and Mayor Henry K. Roth's rival.
 Clyde: The janitor of the school.
 Hazel Strinner: She has a crush on Andy and Lori's protecting friend.
 Louella Berman: Frieda's best friend.
 Mrs. Wibbles: Principal DeRosa's secretary.

Voice actors

Additional voices (first season only)
 Jodi Carlisle
 Tim Conway - Andy's grandfather
 E. G. Daily
 Melissa Disney
 Jeannie Elias
 Barbara Goodson
 Melissa Greenspan
 Jess Harnell
 Maurice LaMarche
 André Sogliuzzo
 Kath Soucie
 Jim Ward

Episodes

Production
The show is based on Andy Griffiths' children's series of Just! books (which were illustrated by Terry Denton), although many episodes are not directly based on the books. Changes from the books to the TV series include Andy's last name, which was originally that of his creator, and other minor name changes, such as Lori's name being Lisa in the books. The book series was based on the early life of Andy Griffiths.

It was originally an interactive Flash movie with completely different voice actors and a promotion for Fox Kids. A TV adaptation was announced by CinéGroupe on March 23, 2001 for broadcast on Teletoon and Fox Family later on in the year. Saban Entertainment participated in production and held distribution rights (Saban International).

The main production of the series moved to Canada in season 2, which was co-produced with the French studio SIP Animation (itself split from Saban Entertainment) and in association with German channel Super RTL. All the voice cast had to be replaced with this move with the exception of Andy Larkin's voice actor Ian James Corlett, as he was Canadian himself. As Saban Entertainment had by then been acquired by Disney, distribution of this season was handled by Disney subsidiary Buena Vista International Television.

In September 2003, the voice of Lori in Season 2, Jaclyn Linetsky, who also played the title character on Caillou, Meg in Mega Babies, and Megan O' Connor in 15/Love, died in a traffic collision during production. She had managed to finish all of Season 2 prior to her death, but for the following season she was replaced by Eleanor Noble.

Season 3 was a collaboration between CinéGroupe and Super RTL, and distributed by the production company directly. The whole series was later added to CinéGroupe distribution partner HG Distribution's catalogue.

Release

Broadcast
What's with Andy? originally aired on Teletoon in Canada. In Australia, where the books originated, it was broadcast on Fox Kids.

United States
In the United States, the series was first shown on September 22, 2001 on Fox Family Channel, later ABC Family. On January 17, 2005, it premiered on Toon Disney, which also had rights to the second but not the third season.

Europe
In Europe, the series was licensed to Fox Kids Europe, with television distribution serviced by Buena Vista International Television. The show aired on Fox Kids networks in the UK, France and Greece, with Super RTL in Germany and TF1 in France having free-TV rights at the time. By June 2003, plans for the series to air on Fox Kids in Central and Eastern Europe were announced, along with plans for a free-TV expansion for the series, with plans to pre-sell the series to Fox Kids in the Netherlands, Mediatrade in Italy, Antena 3 in Spain, SIC in Portugal and RTE in Ireland.

The show continued to air on the network after the rebranding as Jetix.

Home media

VHS
On April 8, 2003, CinéGroupe Star released a set of three VHS tapes called "Double Trouble"/"Sacré Délire", which featured an episode each from this show and The Kids from Room 402, alongside a music video from the Pig City tie-in album "Reggie and the Rashers". Volume 1 featured the episode "It Came from East Gackle", Volume 2 featured the episode "Just Stuffing", and Volume 3 featured the episode "Rhyme Time". The releases were sold in separate English and French versions, respectively.

DVD
All 26 episodes from season 1, as well as the first 7 episodes of season 2, were released on 10 DVD volumes with English audio in the Czech Republic in 2010.

The show was also released on DVD in other European countries, but only in the respective languages (i.e. without the original English audio). All of season 2 (and most of season 1) was released on DVD in Germany, and the entirety of season 1 was released on 5 DVD volumes in Russia.

Streaming
Season 3 was available on the Canadian YouTube channel Encore+ in both English and French until its shutdown in November 2022. This season was previously available in German on Kividoo.

Music
The three German-language theme songs for each season were released on Toggo music CDs volumes 4, 7, and 17 respectively by Sony Music, with the first and third-season songs being extended versions. The original English-language theme was also released on volume 2.

The soundtrack (including themes) from the first two seasons is distributed as production music by Red Brick Songs (formerly Casablanca Media Publishing) in Canada.

Reception
What's with Andy? received very high ratings in a number of countries.

On Teletoon in Canada, it was reported to be the second highest-rated original production as of October 2007. It also had about 40% market share in France (Fox Kids/TF1) and Germany as of 2003. The show won a fall 2002 Super RTL cartoon election poll with 60% of the vote, and obtained the second-highest ratings on the channel in July 2006.

References

External links

2000s American animated television series
2000s American children's comedy television series
2001 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
2000s Canadian animated television series
2000s Canadian children's television series
2001 Canadian television series debuts
2007 Canadian television series endings
2000s French animated television series
2001 French television series debuts
2007 French television series endings
Culture of Montreal
Television shows set in Alberta
American children's animated comedy television series
Canadian children's animated comedy television series
French children's animated comedy television series
American television shows based on children's books
Canadian television shows based on children's books
French television shows based on children's books
Fox Family Channel original programming
Fox Kids
Jetix original programming
Teletoon original programming
English-language television shows
Television series by Saban Entertainment
Teen animated television series

What's with Andy?