العصر الجليدي أو آيس إيج بحسب لفظه الإنجليزي ، فيلم رسوم متحركة أمريكي أنتج في العام 2002.

القصة
في العصر الجليدي قبل آلاف السنين، عند رحيل الحيوانات إلى المناطق الدافئة، يلتقي ماموث بحيوان الكسلان، وتهاجم مجموعة من النمور بعض البشر ليأكلوا الطفل الذي معهم، فتهرب به أمه بعيداً فيسقطان في نهر، وتجرفهما المياه إلى اليابسة حيث تضع الأم طفلها هناك وتموت، فيأخذ الطفل كلاً من الماموث والكسلان لإرجاعه إلى أهله، فينضم لهما أحد النمور، في رحلتهم.

الممثلون

النسخة العربية الفصحى
 عادل أبو حسون - سد
 مروان فرحات - ماني
 منذر فارس - دييغو
 مأمون الرفاعي
 يحيى الكفري
 محمد خير أبو حسون
 محمد مصطفى
 شهناز سليم
 حنان شقير

انظر أيضًا
 سبيريت: حصان من سيمارون

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 الموقع الرسمي

 بداية فيلم آيس إيج

أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية في عقد 2000
عصر الجليدي
أفلام أحداثها في عصور ما قبل التاريخ
أفلام أخرجها كارلوس سالدانا
أفلام أطفال فانتازيا في عقد 2000
أفلام أطفال كوميدية في عقد 2000
أفلام أمريكية
أفلام أولى للمخرج لعام 2002
أفلام استديوهات بلو سكاي
أفلام الطريق الأمريكية
أفلام العصر الجليدي (سلسلة)
أفلام إخراجية أولى
أفلام إنتاج 2002
أفلام باللغة الإنجليزية
أفلام تضم شخصيات مؤنسة
أفلام توينتيث سينتشيري فوكس
أفلام حركة حاسوبية أمريكية
أفلام حركة حاسوبية في 2002
أفلام خيالية في عقد 2000
أفلام خيالية للأطفال
أفلام رسوم متحركة
أفلام رسوم متحركة أمريكية في عقد 2000
أفلام رسوم متحركة تونتيث سينتشوري فوكس
أفلام رسوم متحركة عن الحيوانات
أفلام رسوم متحركة عن السناجب
أفلام رسوم متحركة عن الصداقة
أفلام رسوم متحركة في 2002
أفلام سجلها ديفيد نيومان
أفلام صنعت باستخدام صور الحاسوب
أفلام طريق إنتاج عقد 2000
أفلام عن الفيلة
أفلام فانتازيا 2002
أفلام كوميديا
أفلام كوميدية في 2002
أفلام متممة
أفلام من إخراج كريس ويدج
عصر الجليدي
نياندرتالات في الأعمال الخيالية

العصر الجليدي (فيلم)


Tarim (rijeka), rijeka u Kini
 Tarimska kotlina, endoreični bazen, čiji je rijeka Tarim glavni vodotok
 Tarim (grad), grad u Jemenu
 Tarim (okrug), okrug u Jemenu

Tarim


Polis, 2007, Türkiye yapımı aksiyon-polisiye türünde sinema filmidir. Yönetmenliğini Onur Ünlü yapmıştır.

Konusu
Musa Rami mesleğinin zirvesinde bir cinayet masası polisidir. Bugünlerde kafasını meşgul eden iki şey vardır. Birisi kendisinden kırk yaş küçük üniversite öğrencisi Funda'ya olan aşkı, bir diğeri de ünlü mafya ailesi İzmitlilerin Rami ailesine yönelik bitmek bilmeyen tehditleri. Musa Rami iyi bir baba, iyi bir polis ve iyi bir aşıktır ve görünen o ki Musa Rami işi, aşkı ve ailesi arasında sıkışıp kalacaktır. Aynı günlerde aldığı bir haber ise Musa Rami'yi tamamen altüst eder.

Oyuncular
 Haluk Bilginer (Musa Rami)
 Özgü Namal (Funda)
 Ragıp Savaş (Komiser Yılmaz)
 Sermiyan Midyat (Nihat)
 Emre Karayel (Bekir)
 Settar Tanrıöğen (Hayri)
 Kaan Çakır (Tayfun İzmitli)
 Aylin Çalap (Sevgi)
 Sinan Çalışkanoğlu (Haluk)
 Yeşim Ceren Bozoğlu (Derya)
 Emel Pala (Perihan)
 Neşe Sayles (Yo yo ma)
 Engin Benli (Volkan İzmitli)
 Murat Cemcir (Komiser Hüseyin)
 Gözde Akyıldız (Ece)

Müzik
 DUO Mehmet Erdem & Özgür Akgül, Alpuşka Alp Erkin Çakmak ve Ceza& Soniq

Ödüller
 18. Ankara Uluslararası Film Festivali, Ulusal Uzun Film Yarışması "En İyi Erkek Oyuncu" Ödülü (Haluk Bilginer)

Yurtdışı festivaller
 Copenhagen International Film Festival 2007, European Thrills Section
 MARFICI 2007 - Arjantin, Sins and Crimes Section
 Kahire Film Festival, Turkish Cinema
 19ème Quinzaine du Cinéma Turc à Srasbourg, Turkish Cinema
 Moscow International Film Festival - 2008, Reflections

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmi Internet Sitesi
 Resmi Fragman
 Yapımcı Firma Film Sayfası
 TurkishFilmChannel - Filmin internet dağıtım sayfası (İngilizce)

2006 çıkışlı Türk filmleri
Onur Ünlü'nün yönettiği filmler
2000'lerde polisiye macera filmleri
2000'lerde komedi-macera filmleri
2000'lerde kara komedi filmleri
2000'lerde polisiye aksiyon filmleri
İstanbul'da çekilmiş filmler
Kocaeli'de çekilmiş filmler
Türk kara komedi filmleri
Türk polisiye aksiyon filmleri
2000'lerde Türkçe filmler
Türk polisiye macera filmleri
2006 çıkışlı komedi filmleri

Polis (film)


චීනය විසින් නිපදවන ලද ගුවන්යානා ලැයිස්තුව:

පොදු කෙටි යෙදුම්

කෘෂිකාර්මික ගුවන් යානා

බෝම්බ හෙලන යානා

ප්‍රහාරක ගුවන් යානා

විදුලි ගුවන් යානා

බිම් ප්‍රහාරක ගුවන් යානා

Trainers

ප්‍රවාහන හා මගී ගුවන් යානා

හෙලිකොප්ටර්

මූලාශ්‍ර

China

Aircraft
Chinese military-related lists

චීන ගුවන්යානා ලැයිස්තුව


Goni (sardisk: Gòni) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Sud Sardegna i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 383 meters højde og har 483 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 18,60 km² og grænser til kommunerne Escalaplano, Ballao, Orroli, Silius og Siurgus Donigala.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Sud Sardegna

Goni


Francia Antártica (o bien en francés: France Antarctique) fue una colonia francesa en Sudamérica localizada al sur del ecuador, en lo que actualmente es el Estado de Río de Janeiro, en Brasil, que existió entre 1555 y 1567 y mantuvo el control de la costa desde la bahía de Guanabara hasta el cabo Frío. Fundada como refugio para los hugonotes, fue finalmente destruida por los portugueses en este último año.

Historia

Primeros contactos

Las tierras que hoy componen la República Federativa de Brasil fueron descubiertas por los europeos en abril de 1500, gracias a una flota comandada por Pedro Álvares Cabral en nombre del Reino de Portugal. Dicha flota llegó al actual Porto Seguro de Bahía, pero a excepción de Salvador de Bahía —la primera capital brasileña— el resto del territorio aún permanecería inexplorado durante los siguientes 50 años.

Existen teorías no probadas que hablan de viajes tempranos de los normandos franceses a América, como la que sostiene que Jean Cousin alcanzó la desembocadura del Amazonas en 1488, cuatro años antes que Cristóbal Colón. El primer viaje documentado fue el de Binot Paulmier de Gonneville en 1504 a bordo de L'Espoir, en el cual se trajo de vuelta un nativo llamado Essomericq. Gonneville afirmó que cuando visitó la zona, comerciantes franceses de Saint-Malo y Dieppe ya habían estado comerciando en esa zona por varios años.

Los franceses continuaron comerciando en Brasil, especialmente cargando troncos de palo brasil por su uso como tinte rojo para textiles. En 1550 en la coronación de Enrique II de Francia, alrededor de 50 hombres desnudos simularon una batalla entre los indios tupinambá (aliados de los franceses) y los tabajares.

Colonización

El 1 de noviembre de 1555 el vicealmirante francés Nicolas Durand de Villegaignon, tratando de ayudar a los hugonotes a encontrar un refugio contra la persecución, lideró una pequeña flota de dos naves y 600 soldados con colonos hugonotes y tomó posesión de la pequeña isla de Sergipe, en la bahía de Guanabara, en frente de las costas de la actual ciudad de Río de Janeiro, en donde construyó una fortificación llamada «Fort Coligny». El mismo fue bautizado en honor de Gaspard de Coligny, un almirante hugonote que apoyó la expedición a fin de proteger a sus correligionarios.

A la colonia en tierra firme, Villegaignon le dio el nombre de Henriville, en honor de Enrique II de Francia, quien sabía y había aprobado la expedición proporcionando la flota para el viaje. Villegaignon aseguró la posición pactando alianzas con los tamoio y los tupinambá, tribus indígenas que estaban luchando contra los portugueses.

Sin embargo, el Reino de Francia falló en usar las alianzas tejidas por Villegaignon para expandir el poder francés en el Nuevo Mundo, tal y como estaba haciendo Jacques Cartier en la Nueva Francia. Todos estos asentamientos se encontraban en violación de la bula papal de 1493, redefinida más adelante como el Tratado de Tordesillas, que había repartido el Nuevo Mundo entre Castilla y Portugal.

Llegada de los calvinistas

Sin hallar resistencia por parte de los portugueses, que en un primer momento no advirtieron la llegada francesa, Villegaignon se dedicó a expandir la colonia haciendo un llamado de más colonos en 1556. Envió una de sus naves, la Grande Roberge, a Honfleur, portando cartas para el rey Enrique II, para Gaspard de Coligny y según algunas fuentes, para el líder protestante Juan Calvino.

Tras la llegada de la petición, el rey Enrique financió tres naves que puso bajo el mandato de Legendre de Boissy, señor de Bois-le-Comte, un sobrino de Villegaignon. Se le unieron 14 calvinistas de Ginebra liderados por Philippe de Corguilleray, incluyendo a los teólogos Pierre Richier, Guillaume Chartrier y el escritor Jean de Léry quien más tarde escribiría la historia de la colonia. Los nuevos colonos (en torno a 300) incluían 5 mujeres jóvenes para ser desposadas y 10 niños para ser entrenados como intérpretes. Llegaron en marzo de 1557. La flota estaba compuesta por:
 La Petite Roberge, con 80 soldados y marineros a mando del vicealmirante Legendre de Boissy.
 La Grande Roberge, con 120 a bordo, capitaneada por el señor de Sainte-Marie dit l'Espine.
 La Rosée con unas 90 personas lideradas por el capitán Rosée.

Tras la llegada de los nuevos colonos, surgieron disputas doctrinales entre Villegaignon y los calvinistas, especialmente en relación con la Eucaristía, y en octubre de 1557 los calvinistas fueron expulsados de la isla de Coligny. Se establecieron entre los tupinamba hasta enero de 1558, cuando algunos de ellos se las arreglaron para regresar a Francia en barco con Jean de Léry, otros cinco regresaron a la isla de Coligny mientras que tres de ellos fueron ahogados por Villegaignon por rechazar retractarse.

Intervención portuguesa

El almirante Villegaignon había regresado a Francia en 1558, disgustado con las tensiones religiosas que habían surgido entre los calvinistas y los católicos. En 1560 Mem de Sá, el nuevo gobernador general de Brasil recibió del gobierno portugués la orden de expulsar a los franceses. Con una flota de 26 barcos de guerra y 2.000 soldados, el 15 de marzo de 1560 atacó durante tres días y destruyó «Fuerte Coligny», pero fue incapaz de expulsar a sus habitantes y defensores ya que habían huido a tierra firme y pudieron continuar viviendo y trabajando con la ayuda de los indígenas.

Urgido por dos influyentes sacerdotes jesuitas que habían llegado a Brasil llamados José de Anchieta y Manuel da Nóbrega, Mem de Sá ordenó a su sobrino Estácio de Sá, armar una nueva fuerza de ataque. Este último fundó la ciudad de Río de Janeiro el 1º de marzo de 1565 y luchó contra los franceses durante dos años más. Ayudado por un refuerzo militar enviado por su tío, el 20 de enero de 1567 impuso la derrota final sobre los franceses y los expulsó de Brasil, pero murió un mes más tarde por las heridas sufridas en la batalla.

Posteriormente en el siglo siguiente y en respuesta a los dos intentos franceses de afianzar su conquista en territorio brasileño —el otro sería con la Francia Equinoccial en donde fundaran a la ciudad de Saint Louis o San Luis el 8 de septiembre de 1612— la Corona portuguesa redoblaría sus esfuerzos expansionistas en Brasil reconquistando dichos territorios en noviembre de 1615, y el 13 del corriente del mismo año fundaron al este de Río de Janeiro la ciudad de Cabo Frío, y al oeste de São Luís erigirían la ciudad de Belém, el 12 de enero de 1616.

Véase también
Historia de Río de Janeiro

Notas y referencias

Bibliografía

 , Francis; Pioneers of France in the New World, University of Nebraska Press, 1996.
 , André; Les singularités de la France antartique, 1558, new ed. (Paul Gaffarel, ed.) 1878.

Antiguas colonias francesas en América
Colonización francesa de América
Nueva Francia
Historia de Río de Janeiro
Historia colonial del Brasil
Estados y territorios fundados en 1555
Estados y territorios desaparecidos en 1567
Estados y territorios desaparecidos de Brasil

Francia Antártica


Joseph-Marie Canivez OCSO (* 20. November 1878 in Binche; † 24. November 1952 in der Abtei Scourmont, Chimay) war ein belgischer Trappistenmönch und Historiker.

Leben
Sein Vater war Optiker; die Familie mit fünf Kindern war katholisch und tief gläubig. Von seinem zwölften bis zu seinem achtzehnten Lebensjahr besuchte Canivez (mit Taufnamen Ovide) ein "kleines Seminar" mit Hinblick auf eine Zukunft als Geistlicher. Nach seinem Schulabschluss trat er ins Noviziat der Jesuiten in Arlon ein. Anderthalb Jahre später verließ er diesen Orden und entschied sich für das Leben als Trappist. Sechs Monate später, im September von 1899 und im Alter von 20 Jahren, bat er um Aufnahme in das Noviziat von Scourmont.

Am 8. Oktober 1905 wurde er zum Priester geweiht. Sein späteres Ordensleben sollte geprägt sein von Aufgaben als Professor, Zeremoniar, Novizenmeister der Chormönche und Succentor (Zweiter Kantor). Von 1924 bis zu seinem Lebensende war er Bibliothekar seines Klosters.

Er entfaltete eine rege wissenschaftliche Tätigkeit. Ab 1927 war Canivez Mitarbeiter beim Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques. In diesem Zusammenhang verfasste er 351 Artikel. Besonders die Einträge zu Bernhard von Clairvaux und dem Kloster Cîteaux sind Standardliteratur geworden.

Das Lebenswerk, wofür sein Name bis heute steht, war das achtbändige Statuta capitulorum generalium ordinis Cisterciensis (Louvain 1933–1941). Darin sind alle Beschlüsse des Generalkapitels des Zisterzienserordens bis zur Französischen Revolution erhalten und mit einem Register erschlossen.

Sein Schüler Brouette bemerkte in seinem französischen Nachruf:

Veröffentlichungen
 Statuta capitulorum generalium ordinis Cisterciensis ab anno 1116 ad annum 1786, hrsg. von Josephus-Maria Canivez, Löwen, (= Bibliothèque de la Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique 9–14, online).
 1. Ab anno 1116 ad annum 1220 (1933)
 2. 1221–1261 (1934)
 3. 1262–1400 (1935)
 4. 1401–1456 (1936)
 5. 1457–1490 (1937)
 6. 1491–1546 (1938)
 7. 1546–1786 (1939)
 8. Indices (1941)

Literatur
 Émile Brouette: Dom Joseph-Marie Canivez, Historien de L'Ordre de Cîteaux, in: Cîteaux - Commentarii cistercienses 23, 1972, S. 122–128 (mit ausführlicher Bibliographie; Deutsche Übersetzung).

Weblinks

 Eintrag auf Cistopedia

Einzelnachweise

Trappist
Kirchenhistoriker
Bibliothekar (Belgien)
Belgier
Geboren 1878
Gestorben 1952
Mann
Geschichte des Zisterzienserordens

Joseph-Marie Canivez


Egan v Canada, [1995] 2 SCR 513 was one of a trilogy of equality rights cases published by a very divided Supreme Court of Canada in the spring of 1995. It stands today as a landmark Supreme Court case which established that sexual orientation constitutes a prohibited basis of discrimination under section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Background
The plaintiffs—James Egan, a long-time LGBTQ rights activist, and John Norris Nesbit—were a gay couple who had been in a conjugal relationship since 1948. Upon reaching age 65 in 1986, Egan became eligible to receive Old Age Security and a guaranteed income supplement from the government under the Old Age Security Act.

The Old Age Security Act provides that a spouse of the pensioner may receive a spousal allowance should their combined income fall below a certain amount. When Nesbit reached 65, he applied to the Department of National Health and Welfare for a spousal allowance. However, he was refused on the basis that "spouse", defined in section 2 of Old Age Security Act, did not include a member of the same sex.

Joseph J. Arvay, Q.C., represented the plaintiffs, who delivered a motion for a declaration of unconstitutionality to the Federal Court of Canada (Trial Division). They alleged the definition of "spouse" under the Old Age Security Act constituted an infringement of their right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law, entrenched in section 15 of the Charter, and that such an infringement was discriminatory on the basis of sexual orientation. They also alleged the section 15 violation could not be saved under section 1. Nesbit and Egan asked the Court to remedy the alleged Charter violation by reading the definition of spouse so as to include same-sex couples.

Judgment of the Federal Court of Canada, Trial Division
The trial judge held that although the definition of "spouse" as defined in section 2 of the Old Age Security Act created a distinction, it was merely a distinction between spouses and "non-spouses" (e.g., siblings), the latter being a group which Parliament had allegedly not intended to confer similar benefits upon. The trial judge held the distinction between spouses and "non-spouses" had nothing to do with sexual orientation and therefore could not constitute discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. The application was dismissed. This decision was appealed by the plaintiff to the Federal Court of Appeal.

Judgment of the Federal Court of Appeal
On April 29, 1993, the Federal Court of Appeal affirmed the trial judge's judgment and dismissed the appeal by a 2–1 majority.

Reasons of Robertson JA
Robertson JA held the definition of "spouse", as defined by section 2 of the Old Age Security Act, did not discriminate against the appellants, Egan and Nesbit, by virtue of the fact the definition merely created a "distinction" between spouses and non-spouses. Robertson held the issue in the case was not solely concerned over the question of who may receive spousal allowances, but was in actuality "an indirect challenge to the common law and statutory concept of marriage". Our "present understanding of the law of discrimination", Robertson argued, precluded the conclusion "the common law limitations of marriage to persons of the opposite sex" constitutes discrimination under section 15 of the Charter.

Reasons of Mahoney JA
In a concurring judgment, Mahoney JA adopted the reasoning of the trial judge, holding the definition of "spouse" in the Old Age Security Act did not discriminate against the appellants. Mahoney noted there were a broad range of "non-spouses" who lived together. They too are denied a spousal allowance, but on the basis of their "non-spousal status". Mahoney JA held the Charter challenge was misplaced: in his view, the discrimination the appellants alleged was due to "the failure of the definition to comprehend the concept of common law marriage between persons of the same sex" and not on the basis of their sexual orientation.

Reasons of Linden JA
In dissent, Linden JA accused the other two justices of engaging in exercises of circular reasoning:
The issue before this Court is whether the definition of spouse in the Old Age Security Act creates a distinction in the distribution of benefits which is discriminatory on the basis of sexual orientation. That issue cannot be resolved simply by stating that the distinction drawn by the Act is based on the definition of spouse rather than on sexual orientation. It is, after all, the definition of spouse that is being attacked as discriminatory.

Linden concluded the definition of "spouse" under the Old Age Security Act created a distinction between heterosexuals and homosexuals which constituted discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Linden also concluded the exclusion of same-sex couples from the definition of "spouse" did not minimally impair the appellants' section 15 rights.

Judgment of the Supreme Court of Canada
In a 4–1–4 vote, the Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the appeal and upheld the constitutionality of the impugned definition of "spouse" in the Old Age Security Act.

Majority reasons
Writing for the majority (Lamer CJ and La Forest, Gonthier and Major JJ), La Forest J held the exclusion of same-sex couples from the definition of "spouse" in the impugned Old Age Security Act did not violate section 15 of the Charter. La Forest J said the controlling issue in section 15 cases is whether a legislative distinction (based on a protected ground) is "irrelevant" to the objective of the legislation in question and therefore discriminatory. He recognized the objective of the Old Age Security Act was the "support and protection of legal marriage", an institution which he described as:

firmly anchored in the biological and social realities that heterosexual couples have the unique ability to procreate, that most children are the product of these relationships, and that they are generally cared for and nurtured by those who live in that relationship. In this sense, marriage is by nature heterosexual.

La Forest J said sexual orientation is inextricably relevant to the objective of the impugned Act given the heterosexual nature of marriage. Therefore, he held it was not discriminatory under section 15 of the Charter.

La Forest J added in obiter that had he found the impugned definition discriminatory, he would have upheld it under section 1 of the Charter "for the considerations set forth in my reasons in McKinney, supra, especially at pp. 316-18 ..."

Concurring reasons
Concurring only in the result, Sopinka J disagreed with the plurality's reasoning that section 2 of the Old Age Security Act was not discriminatory. Sopinka J also endorsed the section 15 analysis performed by Cory J. However, Sopinka J argued the Canadian government must be afforded some "flexibility in extending social benefits" and that the government need not be "pro-active in recognizing new social relationships":

It is not realistic for the Court to assume that there are unlimited funds to address the needs of all. A judicial approach on this basis would tend to make a government reluctant to create any new social benefit schemes because their limits would depend on an accurate prediction of the outcome of court proceedings under s. 15(1) of the Charter.

Sopinka J cites McKinney v University of Guelph in defence of his reasoning, noting there are situations in which legislatures may take an "incremental" approach to address novel issues.

Dissenting reasons
The remaining four justices dissented, all rejecting the "irrelevance" approach as articulated by La Forest J and the "incremental" doctrine suggested by Sopinka J.

Cory and Iacobucci JJ
In joint reasons, Cory and Iacobucci JJ articulated a section 15 analysis closely following the approach laid out in Andrews. Iacobucci, in turn, wrote the Section 1 analysis.

In his section 15 analysis, Cory J disputes this was a case revolving around the concept of "adverse effect discrimination", that is, a neutral law which discriminates against a group only by the effect of the same application. Rather, he conceded that the law being challenged—the definition of "spouse" in lieu of section 2 of the Old Age Security Act—"is, quite simply, not facially neutral" at all. Rather, since the impugned Act defines a spouse only in opposite sex terms, it "draws a clear distinction between opposite-sex couples and same-sex couples".

To be discriminatory within the meaning of section 15 of the Charter, Cory J argued the distinction only had to be made on an enumerated or analogous ground protected by section 15. As such, the appellant did not have to prove the distinction on such a basis is irrelevant to the objective of the legislation.

In this case, Cory J asserted there "can be no doubt that the distinction is related to the personal characteristic of sexual orientation":

It may be correct to say that being in a same-sex relationship is not necessarily the defining characteristic of being homosexual. Yet, only homosexual individuals will form a part of a same-sex common law couple. It is the sexual orientation of the individuals involved which leads to the formation of the homosexual couple. The sexual orientation of the individual members cannot be divorced from the homosexual couple. To find otherwise would be as wrong as saying that being pregnant had nothing to do with being female. The words "of the opposite sex" in the definition of "spouse" specifically exclude homosexual couples from claiming a spousal allowance.

Cory J argued this distinction was not based on anything other than the appellants' sexual orientation and was therefore discriminatory.

Regarding the section 1 analysis, Iacobucci J identified the objective of the impugned legislation as "the alleviation of poverty in elderly households". He held this to be a "pressing and substantial" government objective under the Oakes test. However, Iacobucci J held the section 15 violation (the exclusion of same-sex couples from the definition of "spouse") was not rationally connected to that goal:

If there is an intention to ameliorate the position of a group, it cannot be considered entirely rational to assist only a portion of that group. A more rationally connected means to the end would be to assist the entire group, as that is the very objective which is sought.

Further, Iacobucci balked at the notion the cost of extending such monetary benefits may be justified as a reasonable limitation. He deplored the evidence adduced in support of this notion as "highly speculative and statistically weak" at best. Regardless, he endorsed the view in Schachter that "budgetary considerations cannot be used to justify a violation under s. 1".

Finally, Iacobucci J asserted the suggestion there is precedent for an "incremental approach" as a misrepresentation of the Court's view in McKinney. He noted the Court's decision in McKinney was far more complex, having the potential to affect "the entire composition of the workforce; the ability of younger people to secure jobs; access to university resources; promotion of academic freedom, excellence and renewal; collective bargaining rights; and the structure of pension plans". In contrast, he argued the case at hand created no such issue. In addition, he argued the "incremental" approach offered by Sopinka J introduced "two unprecedented and potentially undefinable criteria into s. 1 analysis". He said such a level of deference to the legislatures carries the potential to completely undermine the effectiveness of the Charter.

L'Heureux-Dubé
L'Heureux-Dubé J wrote her own dissent expounding on what she thought ought to be the appropriate approach in both the sections 15 and 1 analyses. First and foremost, she is extremely critical of the "irrelevance" approach expounded by La Forest. She contends that the approach defeats the very purpose of the equality rights in Section 15 of the Charter, noting that the objective of the Act in question may be discriminatory per se, but would survive constitutional scrutiny.

L'Heureux-Dubé argues that, for the purpose of the Section 15 analysis, the appellant also need not prove that the distinction is made on one of the enlisted grounds in Section 15 or an analogous ground thereof:

It is plain from the language of s. 15 that its fundamental purpose is to guarantee to all individuals a certain kind of equality: equality without discrimination. By implication, where "discrimination" is not present, then the Charter guarantee of equality is satisfied. The nine "grounds" enumerated after this basic guarantee of freedom from discrimination are particular applications and illustrations of the ambit of s. 15. They are not the guarantee itself.

Rather, L'Heureux-Dubé preferred an approach giving substantial judicial discretion, in which the appellant must demonstrate that there is (1) "a legislative distinction", (2) that this distinction leads to a denial of any equality right as per Section 15, and (3) that the distinction is "discriminatory". That is if the distinction is:

capable of either promoting or perpetuating the view that the individual adversely affected by this distinction is less capable, or less worthy of recognition or value as a human being or as a member of Canadian society, equally deserving of concern, respect, and consideration.

In her analysis, L'Heureux-Dubé registers her accord with Cory's finding that there is a legislative distinction being made. Furthermore, she concludes that the distinction denies the appellants the equal benefit of the law as a couple. Regarding the status of the appellants, she agrees with Cory that they are clearly part of a  "highly socially vulnerable group, in that they have suffered considerable historical disadvantage, stereotyping, marginalization and stigmatization within Canadian society." As for the nature of the interest affected, L'Heureux-Dubé asserts that the appellants have been "directly and completely excluded, as a couple, from any entitlement to a basic shared standard of living for elderly persons cohabiting in a relationship analogous to marriage." She characterizes the interest involved as "an important facet of full and equal membership in Canadian society." The message this denial gives, L'Heureux-Dubé argues, seems undeniable:

Given the marginalized position of homosexuals in society, the metamessage that flows almost inevitably from excluding same-sex couples from such an important social institution is essentially that society considers such relationships to be less worthy of respect, concern and consideration than relationships involving members of the opposite sex.

She finds, therefore, that the exclusion of same-sex couples is indeed discriminatory and in violation of Section 15 of the Charter.

Regarding the Section 1 analysis, L'Heureux-Dubé registers her agreement with the analysis of Iacobucci and characterizes the "incremental" approach, suggested by Sopinka, as undermining the values that Section 1 sought to protect.

McLachlin
McLachlin wrote a succinct dissent registering her "substantial agreement with the reasons of Justices Cory and Iacobucci".

Significance of Egan v. Canada as a precedent

Victory for gay rights
Although the Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the appeal, Egan v. Canada created an important precedent for gay rights activists. The Court unanimously held that sexual orientation is an analogous ground under Section 15 of the Charter and is therefore a prohibited ground of discrimination. Writing for the plurality, La Forest noted:

I have no difficulty accepting the appellants' contention that whether or not sexual orientation is based on biological or physiological factors, which may be a matter of some controversy, it is a deeply personal characteristic that is either unchangeable or changeable only at unacceptable personal costs, and so falls within the ambit of s. 15 protection as being analogous to the enumerated grounds.

This excerpt has been frequently cited by the Courts in the fallout of Egan. The Supreme Court of Canada in particular has explicitly quoted it with approval in M. v. H. and in Vriend v. Alberta, and has similarly referred to it in Little Sisters Book and Art Emporium v. Canada, Trinity Western University v. British Columbia College of Teachers, and Chamberlain v. Surrey School District No. 36.

The Ontario Court of Appeal also cited this passage in Halpern v. Canada.

Confusion surrounding the conflicting approaches in Egan
While it is normally true that majority reasons are usually controlling under the doctrine of stare decisis (precedent), Egan v. Canada would appear to be an exception. The "irrelevance" approach which prevailed by plurality in Egan was also rejected by the majority of the Supreme Court in Miron v. Trudel, [1995] 2 S.C.R. 418, in which the more "orthodox" Andrews approach prevailed by plurality.

The difficulty in determining the ratio decidendi that Egan established is illustrated by the case Re Rosenberg et al. v. Attorney General of Canada. The case is virtually identical:

Nancy Rosenberg, the plaintiff, challenged the definition of "spouse" in the Income Tax Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. 1, as a violation of Section 15 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Counsel for the Attorney General of Canada conceded that the definition of "spouse" in the Income Tax Act, in light of Egan, violated Section 15 of the Charter. Nonetheless, they contended that since Egan could not be distinguished from the case at hand, the violation must be upheld under Section 1 of the Charter as matter of stare decisis. The plaintiffs, by contrary, argued that Iacobucci's Section 1 analysis was controlling, pointing out that the plurality in Egan had only addressed the Section 1 issue obiter and it was, therefore, not binding under the doctrine of stare decisis. The Court held that Section 15 was indeed violated, but was nonetheless saved by Section 1 of the Charter.

On appeal, however, the Ontario Court of Appeal unanimously held that Egan clearly established that the exclusion of same-sex couples from the definition of "spouse" was a Section 15 violation. In addition, the Court held that Vriend served as the deathblow to the "incremental" approach suggested by Sopinka. Therefore, the violation could not be saved under Section 1 of the Charter and it was no longer necessary to consider whether the Trial Judge had erred in her application of stare decisis.

Confusion surrounding the conflicting approaches laid out in Egan has subsided with the formulation of a new Section 15 analysis established by a unanimous Supreme Court in Law v. Canada (Minister of Employment and Immigration).

Dissenting reasons adopted
In a landmark decision, M v H, the Supreme Court of Canada employed the new Law doctrine. Like Egan, it was contended that the exclusion of same-sex couples from a similar definition of "spouse", as per Section 29 of the Family Law Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. F.3, was a Section 15 violation. The Court held, 8-1, that the exclusion of same-sex couples in the definition of "spouse" was indeed a Section 15 violation and could not be saved under Section 1 of the Charter.

See also
1995 in gay rights
M. v. H.

References

External links

 Text of the Federal Court of Appeal decision

Supreme Court of Canada cases
Section Fifteen Charter case law
Canadian LGBT rights case law
Labour relations in Canada
1995 in LGBT history
1995 in Canadian case law

Egan v Canada


La place de Bir-Hakeim, initialement place de Bourgogne, est une place de Bordeaux, en France.

Situation et accès
La place est située au bord de la Garonne, sur la rive gauche, au débouché du pont de pierre.

Elle est desservie par plusieurs lignes de tramway et de bus.

Histoire
La façade à programme des quais (de la Cour des Aides jusqu'au quai de la monnaie) est commandée au  par l'intendant Tourny, pour donner à Bordeaux . Au milieu de ce projet, une place en hémicycle est projetée au niveau de la porte des Salinières, une porte médiévale ouvrant sur l'ancien fossé de l'hôtel de ville (actuel cours Victor Hugo).

Le dessin des façades des maisons uniformes est l'œuvre de l'architecte Ange-Jacques Gabriel, à qui Tourny demande également de reconstruire une nouvelle porte monumentale (porte de Bourgogne), réalisée par André Portier. Les travaux débutent en 1750.

En 1751, la dédicace de la porte est faite en l'honneur de Louis, duc de Bourgogne (1751-1761), premier fils du dauphin Louis, fils aîné de Louis XV. Quatre ans plus tard, en 1755, les travaux de la place sont achevés.

La place porte le nom de Bourgogne jusqu'en 1947, où elle est renommée Bir-Hakeim, afin de commémorer la résistance des hommes du général Koening (Forces françaises libres), dans le désert libyen, face aux Allemands du général Rommel, en juin 1942.

La place de Bir-Hakeim autrefois

Patrimoine
La porte de Bourgogne est classée aux monuments historiques, et tous les immeubles de la place sont inscrits.

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Liste des monuments historiques de Bordeaux
 Place de Stalingrad
 Pont de pierre
 Place de la Bourse

Place à Bordeaux
Architecture classique à Bordeaux

Place de Bir-Hakeim (Bordeaux)


Marvila, Portekiz'de Lizbon belediyesine bağlı olan, 6,29 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 38.766 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Lizbon'ın bucakları

Marvila (Lizbon)


Erling "Eje" Lindström (* 9. August 1937 in Sundsvall) ist ein ehemaliger schwedischer Eishockeyspieler und -trainer.

Karriere
Erling Lindström begann seine Karriere als Eishockeyspieler beim Wifsta/Östrands IF, für dessen Profimannschaft er von 1953 bis 1960 in der Division 1, der damals höchsten schwedischen Spielklasse, aktiv war. Anschließend spielte der Stürmer drei Jahre lang für den Grums IK, ehe er von 1964 bis 1966 für den AIK Solna auflief, bei dem er anschließend seine Karriere im Alter von nur 29 Jahren beendete.

Von 1970 bis 1976 war Lindström Cheftrainer beim Timrå IK.

International
Für Schweden nahm Lindström an den Weltmeisterschaften 1957, 1958 und 1959 teil. Bei der WM 1957 gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft die Goldmedaille. Als bestes europäisches Team wurde Schweden zudem Europameister. Bei der WM 1958 gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft die Bronzemedaille.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1957 Goldmedaille bei der Weltmeisterschaft
 1958 Bronzemedaille bei der Weltmeisterschaft

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Schweden)
Eishockeytrainer (Timrå IK)
Europameister (Eishockey)
Weltmeister (Eishockey)
Geboren 1937
Mann
Schwede
Mitglied der Schwedischen Eishockey-Ruhmeshalle
Eishockeyspieler (AIK Solna)

Erling Lindström


Gulf Harbour est une banlieue de la cité d'Auckland, située dans l'Île du Nord de la Nouvelle-Zélande.

Situation
C'est une zone en développement s'étendant sur , allant de l'extrémité de la péninsule de Whangaparaoa, en direction de l'extrémité nord de la ville d'Auckland. C'est l'une des plus grandes marinas et un des principaux parcours de golf de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Elle est considérée comme le lieu idéal pour la retraite pour les personnes aisées d'Auckland.

Le site est aussi connu sous le nom de «Hobbs Bay», car il fut vendu au début des années 1970 par les propriétaires des terrains : la famille Hobb, qui possède toujours certaines des zones côtières et en particulier la plage de «  ».
Située près d'Army Bay, elle est caractérisée par des maisons individualisées et uniques qui donnent aux occupants une vue particulière et reflète la convivialité de la communauté de « army bay ».

Municipalités limitrophes

Population
La population était de  selon le ), en augmentation de  par rapport à celui de 2001 .
Lors du recensement de 2013, elle était de , au sein de , avec un âge moyen de  et un revenu moyen de .
Elle a une réputation de résidence de personnes riches, confirmée par les données de , qui montrent la Marina de Gulf Harbour comme l'une des banlieues d'Auckland avec le plus haut revenu médian, qui atteint .
Toutefois, le recensement de 2013 montre que la Marina de Gulf Harbour a aussi  avec un âge médian de  et un revenu médian de .

Accès
Un service de ferry fonctionne entre Gulf Harbour et la basse ville d'Auckland.

Éducation
 L'école «  » est une école primaire allant de l'année 1 à  8, avec un effectif de .
 Le  est une école secondaire privée allant de l'année 7 à 13, avec un effectif de  . Elle a ouvert en 2003.

 L'école «Wentworth Primary School» est une école primaire privée, qui a ouvert en  sur le même site .
Les  sont mixtes. Les  ont un taux de décile de 10, mais l'école de «Wentworth Primary» n'a plus maintenant de taux de décile officiel.

Voir aussi

 Liste des villes de Nouvelle-Zélande

Notes et références

Liens externes
  Gulf Harbour School website
  Wentworth College website
  Wentworth Primary website

Ville en Nouvelle-Zélande
District de Rodney
Banlieue d'Auckland

Gulf Harbour


Die Flat Foot Stompers spielten in der Zeit von 1974 bis 2011 im Großraum Stuttgart traditionellen Jazz im Stil von King Oliver, Bix Beiderbecke, Red Nichols und Louis Armstrong.

Teilnahme an Jazzfestivals
Die Flat Foot Stompers waren regelmäßig auf Tournee in Deutschland, der Schweiz, Holland, England und Schottland. Sie nahmen an bedeutenden internationalen Jazz Festivals teil, z. B.
 Jazz Festival in Edinburgh, im Rahmen des Edinburgh Festival Schottland 1988
 Dixieland Jubilee, Sacramento, Kalifornien 1984, 1987, 2002
 Classic Jazz Festival in Los Angeles, Kalifornien 1990, 1993
 International Dixieland Festival in Dresden 1989, 2008
 Jazz Festival in Munster, Frankreich 2007

Es gibt mehrere Alben von den Flatfoot Stompers, von denen die bei Timeless Records verlegte CD Flat Foot Stompers and Friends noch im Handel erhältlich ist.

Die Musiker
Dies ist die letzte Formation der Band: Peter Bühr (Klarinette, Saxophon, Moderation), Ernst Eckstein (Cornet), Wolfram Grotz (Piano), Jochen Lamparter (Banjo und Gesang), Will Lindfors (Drums), Roland Müller (Posaune und Gesang), Uli Reichle (Tuba).
Bekannte Jazzmusiker, die zusammen mit den Flat Foot Stompers aufgetreten sind, waren Wild Bill Davison, Peanuts Hucko, Bob Haggart (2001) und The World's Greatest Jazz Band (1985).

Trennung 2011
Die Musiker der Flat Foot Stompers trennten sich 2011 und gründeten zwei neue Oldtime-Jazz-Gruppen, die in der Folge unter den Namen SunnySideUp Jazzfellows und Peter Bühr and his Flat Foot Stompers auftraten.

Weblinks

 Jazzfestival in Munster (F)

Einzelnachweise

Jazzband
Deutsche Band

Flat Foot Stompers


Klaus Wagenbach () a fost un editor german. El a fondat editura care-i poartă numele: Verlag Klaus Wagenbach. După ce a condus-o timp de 38 de ani, în 2002, cea de-a treia lui soție, Susanne Schüßler, a preluat conducerea editurii, împreună cu fiica lor, Nina Wagenbach.

Biografie
Klaus Wagenbach a fost al doilea fiu al omului de afaceri și politicianului Joseph Wagenbach, care s-a căsătorit cu telefonista Margarete Weibdacker.

Wagenbach a lucrat din 1949 în biroul editurilor germane Suhrkamp și S. Fischer, unde a învățat meseria de editor sub îndrumarea lui Fritz Hirschmann de la editura Samuel Fischer. Această activitate i-a facilitat apropierea de literatura lui Franz Kafka, după ce viața scriitorului german i-a trezit interesul.

Începând din 1951 a studiat filologia germană, istoria artei și arheologia la Universitatea din München, apoi și-a finalizat doctoratul cu o teză despre Franz Kafka, elaborată sub îndrumarea lui Wilhelm Emrich, la Frankfurt pe Main. Din 1957, Klaus Wagenbach a fost lector de literatură modernă la Modernen Buch-Club din Darmstadt, iar la sfârșitul anului 1959 a devenit lector de literatură germană la editura S. Fischer din Frankfurt pe Main.

S-a mutat ulterior în Berlinul de Vest și a fondat în 1964 o editură proprie, împreună cu Katharina, soția lui. I-a dedicat lui Kafka mai multe cărți fundamentale, cu noi surse, și a fost în contact cu scriitori germani ai generației sale precum Günther Grass. A fost un editor progresist și inovator, l-a susținut pe poetul Erich Fried și a fost un prieten al editorului italian Giangiacomo Feltrinelli.

În 2010 a publicat cartea de memorii Die Freiheit des Verlegers; Erinnerungen, Festreden, Seitenhiebe.

Opera
 Franz Kafka. Eine Biographie seiner Jugend 1883–1912. Francke, Berna, 1958. Renovada: Wagenbach, Berlín 2006, ISBN 978-3-8031-3620-6
 Franz Kafka, in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten dargestellt von Klaus Wagenbach, Rowohlt, Reinbek bei Hamburg, Oktober 1964. ISBN 3-499-50091-4 (35ª ed. 2001). Tr.: Kafka, Madrid, Alianza, 1981 ISBN 978-84-206-1241-6
 Franz Kafka. Überarbeitete Neuausgabe. Rowohlt, Reinbek, 2002. ISBN 978-3-499-50649-9
 Franz Kafka. Bilder aus seinem Leben. Wagenbach, Berlín, 1983 (reed. Berlín 1995, ISBN 978-3-8031-3547-6). Tr.: Franz Kafka: imágenes de su vida, Galaxia Gutenberg, 1998 ISBN 978-84-8109-216-5
 Kafkas Prag. Ein Reiselesebuch. Wagenbach, Berlín 1993, ISBN 978-3-8031-1141-8 . Tr.: La Praga de Kafka, Quinteto, 2008 ISBN 978-84-9711-073-0
 Der Verlag Klaus Wagenbach. Wie ich hineinkam und wie er zwischen 1965 und 1980 aussah. En: Rita Galli (ed.), Ausgerechnet Bücher. Einunddreissig verlegerische Selbstporträts, Ch. Links Verlag, Berlín 1998, ISBN 3-86153-167-4, S. 96 - 105, (Online-Quelle).
 Die Freiheit des Verlegers; Erinnerungen, Festreden, Seitenhiebe, Wagenbach, Berlín, 2010, ISBN 978-3-8031-3632-9

Lucrări editate (selecție)
 Atlas. Deutsche Autoren über ihren Ort. Wagenbach, Berlín 1965; renovada en Berlín 2004, ISBN 978-3-8031-3188-1
 Kafka-Symposion. Wagenbach, Berlin 1965 (En bolsillo: dtv, Munich 1969)
 Tintenfisch – Jahrbuch für Literatur Wagenbach, t. 1 ss, Berlín 1968 y ss.
 Vaterland, Muttersprache. Deutsche Schriftsteller und ihr Staat von 1945 bis heute. Wagenbach, Berlín, 1979. Renovado en 2004, ISBN 978-3-8031-3110-2
 Italienische Liebesgeschichten. Wagenbach, Berlín, 1991, ISBN 978-3-8031-1125-8
 Deutsche Orte. Wagenbach, Berlín, 1991
 Amore! oder Der Liebe Lauf. Wollust, Seitenpfade, Irr- und Unsinn. Wagenbach, Berlín, 1996, ISBN 978-3-8031-1160-9
 Wie der Hund und der Mensch Freunde wurden. Italienische Kindergeschichten. Wagenbach, Berlín, 1999, ISBN 978-3-8031-1181-4
 Nach Italien! Anleitung für eine glückliche Reise Wagenbach, Berlín, 2000, ISBN 978-3-8031-1188-3
 Die weite Reise. Mittelmeergeschichten. Wagenbach, Berlín 2002, ISBN 978-3-8031-2432-6
 Franz Kafka. Ein Lesebuch (mit Bildern). Rowohlt (rororo nº 23444), Reinbek 2003, ISBN 978-3-499-23444-6
 Mein Italien, kreuz und quer, Wagenbach, Berlín, 2004, ISBN 978-3-8031-3192-8
 Warum so verlegen? Über die Lust an Büchern und ihre Zukunft. Almanaque aniversario. Wagenbach, Berlín, 2004, ISBN 978-3-8031-2487-6

Despre Wagenbach
 Michael Krüger: Ein unverbesserlicher Optimist. Zum sechzigsten Geburtstag des Verlegers und Kafka-Forschers Klaus Wagenbach. În: FAZ, 11 iunie 1990.
 Inge Feltrinelli: Wir tanzten auf allen Festen. Listig und frei: Zum 80. Geburtstag des Verlegers Klaus Wagenbach. În: Die Zeit, 8 iulie 2010.
 Heinrich von Berenberg: Bilanzen studieren? Gedichte lesen! În: Der Tagesspiegel, 11 iulie 2010.

Premii
 1979: Deutscher Kritikerpreis
 1985: Premiul Montecchio
 1990: Premio Nazionale per la Traduzione
 1990: Bundesverdienstkreuz
 2001: Bundesverdienstkreuz Erster Klasse
 2001: Großes Bundesverdienstkreuz
 2002: Cavaler al Legiunii de onoare
 2006: Ehrenpreis des österreichischen Buchhandels für Toleranz în Denken und Handeln
 2006: Medalia Rahel-Varnhagen von Ense
 2010: Kurt Wolff Stiftung

Note

Legături externe
  Klaus Wagenbach  în Catalogul Bibliotecii Naționale a Germaniei (Informații despre Klaus Wagenbach • PICA • Căutare pe site-ul Apper)
  </span>Klaus Wagenbach în Perlentaucher
 "Aus ganzem Herzen links", Berliner Zeitung, 11 de julio 2005 "Zum 75. Geburtstag des Begründers der Toscana-Fraktion und unabhängigen Berliner Verlegers."
 "Die Diktatur des Lektorats." Retrato de Klaus-Wagenbach por Günter Kaindlstorfer, [Der Standard, 14 de agosto 1992

Interviuri
 "Otto ist der Beste", Der Tagesspiegel, iulie 10, 2005
 "Kritische Ausgabe.  Zeitschrift für Germanistik & Literatur" , Nr. 2, 2004, hrsg. vom Germanistischen Seminar der Universität Bonn im Interviu mit Wagenbach:"Kafkas dienstälteste, lebende Witwe" zice domnul über Langzeitstudenten im 28. Semestru, das Verlegen, mor Dominikanische Republik, Glenn Miller und über die Germanistik im "entnazifizierten" Deutschland der 50er Jahre. (PDF)
 "Warum sollte man astăzi Kafka lesen?" arta, ianuarie 2007
 "Dieser kleine Finger ist weiblich", în Der Tagesspiegel, 14 iunie 2010

Nașteri în 1930
Decese în 2021
Editori germani
Eseiști germani
Decorați cu Ordinul Crucea Federală de Merit a Republicii Federale Germania
Oameni din Berlin

Klaus Wagenbach


هري هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء البترون في محافظة الشمال. تبعد 67 كم شمال العاصمة بيروت

أعلامها
 ياسين الأيوبي، (1937) عالِم أدبي وشاعر وناقد.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة لبنان الشمالي
مدن لبنان

هري


Hašani su naseljeno mjesto u općini Bosanska Krupa, Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine, BiH.

Povijest

Nakon potpisivanja Daytonskog mirovnog sporazuma izdvojeno je istoimeno naseljeno mjesto koje je pripalo općini Krupa na Uni koja je ušla u sastav Republike Srpske.

Stanovništvo

Popisi 1971. – 1991.

Popis 2013.

Izvori

Naselja u Unsko-sanskoj županiji
Bosanska Krupa

Hašani (Bosanska Krupa, BiH)


Russ Tamblyn () este un  din Statele Unite ale Americii. Este cel mai cunoscut pentru rolul titular din filmul din 1958 Tom Thumb și pentru interpretarea lui Riff în filmul muzical din 1961 West Side Story.

Biografie

Filmografie

Premii și nominalizări

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1934
Nașteri pe 30 decembrie
Actori americani

Russ Tamblyn


مخيم سبينة، هو أحد مخيمات اللاجئين الفلسطينيين في سوريا، يقع إلى جانب مدينة سبينة على بعد 14 كيلومترا إلى الجنوب من دمشق.تأسس عام 1948 على مساحة من الأرض تبلغ 0,03 كيلومتر مربع. سكن المخيم النازحون من حرب عام 1948، بالإضافة إلى الفلسطينيين الذين التجأوا إلى مرتفعات الجولان ثم نزحوا منها نتيجة النزاع العربي الإسرائيلي عام 1967.

بسبب المواجهات العسكرية التي وقعت في المخيم عام 2013، نزح كافة سكانه البالغ عددهم 22,600. ثم غادر بعض العائلات البلاد بحثا عن الملجأ في البلدان المجاورة. واستعادت القوات الحكومية السيطرة على المخيم في أواخر 2013. وبقي المخيم مغلقا طيلة أربعة أعوام تقريبا وكانت المساكن والبنية التحتية قد تعرضت لأضرار بالغة.

وفي أيلول 2017، تمكن المدنيون من العودة إلى منازلهم. وفي عام 2018 أعيد تأهيل كافة منشآت الأونروا، بما في ذلك ثلاثة مدارس ومكتب صحة البيئة ومكتب العاملين الاجتماعيين ومركز التوزيع الغذائي والمركز الصحي ومركز المجتمع. كما قدمت الوكالة أيضا الدعم للاجئي فلسطين من خلال نقل المياه وإزالة الأنقاض من الشوارع الرئيسة والممرات.

بحسب الإحصاءات للعام الدراسي 2020-2021، بلغ عدد الطلاب المسجلين أكثر من 3,766 طفل في ستة مدارس تابعة للأونروا. كما عاد أكثر من 16,000 شخص من أصل 22,600 شخص  إلى المخيم اعتبارا من آذار 2021، فيما بقي أربعة آلاف آخرون يقيمون في المنطقة المحيطة بالمخيم.

عمل غالبية اللجئيت سابقا في المصانع والمنشآت الصناعية، أو كعمال بالمياومة في مزارع يمتلكها سوريون. وعملت النساء في الغالب كخادمات منزليات في دمشق من أجل دعم دخل الأسرة. لكن  تلك الفرص تضاءلت خلال النزاع ولا يزال معدل البطالة مرتفعا للغاية مع موارد مالية محدودة.

ومثل باقي المناطق في سوريا، فإن النزوح والبطالة والتضخم ومخاطر الحماية والأمن تعد من ضمن الشواغل الرئيسة التي يتشارك بها لاجئو فلسطين والسوريون على حد سواء. لقد أدى النزاع المستمر منذ 10 سنوات إلى زيادة حالات الزواج المبكر وعمالة الأطفال وتعاطي المخدرات والعنف والمشاكل النفسية. وعلى الرغم من القيود المالية، عززت الأونروا جهودها للقيام بأنشطة وقائية وتوعوية ولتقديم الدعم النفسي والاجتماعي من خلال مدارسها والمركز المجتمعي. تفاقم الوضع مرة أخرى بسبب جائحة كوفيد-19.

مراجع

مخيمات اللاجئين الفلسطينيين في سوريا

مخيم سبينة


Bunicul și doi delincvenți minori este un film românesc polițist din 1976 regizat de Maria Callas Dinescu. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Octavian Cotescu, Elisabeta Jar-Rozorea și Silviu Stănculescu.

Rezumat

Un ofițer de poliție investighează dispariția băiatului unui coleg. Cheia lui pare a fi prietenul "cu pielea închisă la culoare" al băiatului de care nimănui nu-i pasă, inclusiv poliției.

"Regizoarea, care lasă impresia că subiectul «i-a mers la inimă», a găsit o cale de a-l trata, cum spune poetul, «la mijloc de bun și rău...». A apropiat, adică, extremele, filmul nu este nici prea grav, nici prea destins, este, în schimb, sensibil, recomandând aptitudinile de această factură ale regizoarei; semnalele de adalrmă privind problema răspunderii părinților față de copii sunt păstrate, dar sunetul lor se estompează sau devine liric." (Călin Căliman, Contemporanul, 1976)

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

 Octavian Cotescu — "Bunicul", maior de miliție
 Elisabeta Jar-Rozorea — Eleonora Apostol, mama lui Vasile
 Silviu Stănculescu — Nicolae Apostol, muncitor la uzină, tatăl lui Vasile
 Draga Olteanu-Matei — Rodovica, gazda "Bunicului"
 Jean Constantin — Vârlan, fost infractor, vecinul "Bunicului"
 Sanda Toma — Aneta Blidaru, soția lui Anton, mama lui Tudor
 Ovidiu Iuliu Moldovan — Anton Blidaru, soțul Anetei, tatăl lui Tudor
 Constantin Diplan — ing. Barbu, prietenul de la uzină al lui Apostol
 Ferenc Fábián — cpt. Alexiu, ofițer de miliție, tatăl lui Andrei (menționat Fábian Ferenc)
 Eugenia Bosînceanu — soția lui Alexiu, mama lui Andrei
 Nae Gh. Mazilu — plt. maj. Panaitescu, milițian, șoferul "Bunicului" (menționat Nae Mazilu)
 Bogdan Călin — Andrei Alexiu, elev la Liceul de muzică "G. Enescu", prietenul lui Vasile (menționat Călin Bogdan)
 Eugen Preda — Vasile Apostol, elev la Liceul de muzică "G. Enescu", prietenul lui Andrei (menționat Preda Eugen)
 Constantin Codrescu — judecătorul de divorțuri
 Ernest Maftei — paznicul Liceului de muzică "G. Enescu"
 Constantin Fugașin — Doru, fiul cpt. Alexiu, fratele mai mare al lui Andrei
 Silviu Lambrino — avocatul
 Ion Anghelescu Moreni
 Gheorghe Aramă
 Moț Negoescu
 Ion Anghel — barcagiu pe Lacul Herăstrău
 Lucia Rîpeanu — Safta, soția lui Vârlan
 Virginia Rogin — diriginta elevilor Apostol și Alexiu
 Anca Pandrea
 Constantin Bîrliba
 Alin Burea
 Constantin Drăgușin
 Rodica Popescu Bitănescu (menționată Rodica Popescu)
 Costin Azimioară
 Romana Teodorof — Alina, fiica cpt. Alexiu, sora lui Doru și a lui Andrei
 Bogdan Gamaleț — Tudor Blidaru, adolescentul fugit de acasă pe care Doru îl întâlnește în gară
 Bogdan Florian — Teofil Goanță, șeful clasei în care învață elevii Apostol și Alexiu
 Septimiu Călin — Pavel Apostol, fratele mai mic al lui Vasile (menționat Călin Septimiu)
 Jean Lorin Florescu — Gogu Pomișor, medicul legist de la morgă (nemenționat)
 câinele Callo — câinele lup alsacian al "Bunicului"

Primire
Filmul a fost vizionat de 2.043.285 de spectatori în cinematografele din România, după cum atestă o situație a numărului de spectatori înregistrat de filmele românești de la data premierei și până la data de 31 decembrie 1989 alcătuită de Centrul Național al Cinematografiei.

Note

Vezi și
 1976 în film

Legături externe

Filme din 1976
Filme regizate de Maria Callas Dinescu
Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme de acțiune
Filme polițiste românești

Bunicul și doi delincvenți minori


البروتيوميات هي الدراسة الشاملة لجميع أصناف وأنواع البروتينات، خاصة ما يتعلق ببنية البروتين ووظائفها.
البروتينات تشكل الجزء الحيوي الأساسي من أي متعضية حية، باعتبارها المكون الرئيسي للمسارات الاستقلابية الرئيسية في أي خلية. تمت صياغة مصطلح البروتيوميات "proteomics" على أساس شبهه من الجينوميات genomics أو علم الجينوم على أساس أن هذا العلم تطور نتيجة تطور الجينوميات لمتابعة دراسة الجينات عن طريق دراسة التشابه والتطور بين نواتج الجينات «البروتينات». البروتيوم كمصطلح بشكل مشابه للجينوم يمثل المجموعة الكاملة للبروتينات ضمن الحيوية بما يتضمن التعديلات التي تتم على مجموعات معينة من البروتينات، والتي يتم إنتاجها من قبل متعضية حية أو نظام حيوي. هذا البروتيوم قد يتغير مع الزمن والعمر أو حتنى نتيجة متطلبات معينة، أو نتيجة التوتر الذي تخضع له المتعضية.

انظر أيضا
 معلوماتية حيوية
 تاريخ علم الأحياء
 بروتيوميات مناعية
 أتمتة المختبرات
 ميتابولوميات
 ميتابولوم

قواعد بيانات البروتينات
 يونيبروت
 يونيبروت
 بنك بيانات البروتينات

مصادر ومراجع

قراءات

 Belhajjame, K. et al. Proteome Data Integration: Characteristics and Challenges. Proceedings of the UK e-Science All Hands Meeting, ISBN 1-904425-53-4, September 2005, Nottingham, UK.
 Twyman, R. M. 2004. Principles of proteomics. BIOS Scientific Publishers, New York. ISBN 1-85996-273-4.(covers almost all branches of proteomics)
 Westermeier, R. and T. Naven. 2002. Proteomics in practice: a laboratory manual of proteome analysis. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. ISBN 3-527-30354-5.(focused on 2D-gels, good on detail)
 Liebler, D. C. 2002. Introduction to proteomics: tools for the new biology. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. ISBN 0-585-41879-9 (electronic, on Netlibrary?), ISBN 0-89603-991-9 hardback, ISBN 0-89603-992-7 paperback.
 Wilkins MR، Williams KL، Appel RD، Hochstrasser DF. Proteome research: new frontiers in functional genomics. Berlin Heidelberg, Springer Verlag; 1997, ISBN 3-540-62753-7.

 Rediscovering Biology Online Textbook. Unit 2 Proteins and Proteomics. 1997-2006.
 Weaver. R.F. Molecular Biology. Third Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. 2005. pgs 840-849.
 Campbell and Reece. Biology. Sixth Edition. Pearson Education Inc. 2002. pg 392-393.
 Hye A, Lynham S, Thambisetty M, et al. " Proteome-based plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease." Brain 129: 3042-3050, (2006).
 Perroud B, Lee J, Valkova N, et al. "Pathway Analysis of Kidney Cancer Using Proteomics and *Metabolic Profiling." Biomed Central: 65-82, (24 November 2006).
 Macaulay IC, Carr P, Gusnanto A, et al. "Platelet Genomics and Proteomics in Human Health and Disease." The Journal of Clinical Investigation 115: 3370-3377, (December 2005).
 Rogers MA, Clarke P, Noble J, et al. "Proteomic Profiling of Urinary Proteins in Renal Cancer by Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption Ionization, and Neural-Network Analysis: Identification of Key Issues Affecting Clinical Potential Utility." Cancer Research 63: 6971-6983, (15 October 2003).
 Vasan RS. "Biomarkers of cardiovascular disease: molecular basis and practical considerations" Circulation. 2006;113:2335-2362.
 "Myocardial Infarction". http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/MYOCARD/MYOCARD.html  (Retrieved 29 Nov 2006)
 World Community Grid. http://www.worldcommunitygrid.org (Retrieved 29 Nov 2006)
 Introduction to Antibodies - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). http://www.chemicon.com/resource/ANT101/a2C.asp. (Retrieved 29 Nov 2006)
 Decramer S et al "Predicting the clinical outcome of congenital unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction in newborn by urinary proteome analysis" Nature Medicine 2006; 12:398-400 Article
 Mayer, U. (2008) Protein Information Crawler (PIC): Extensive spidering of multiple protein information resources for large protein sets. Proteomics, 8: 42-44 PubMed

وصلات خارجية
 PatternLab for proteomics: a tool for analyzing shotgun proteomic spectral counting data
 Protein Information Crawler (PIC) - Software for extensive spidering of multiple protein information resources for large protein sets
 Springer Protocols in proteomics

أوميكس
علم الجينوم
مطيافية الكتلة

بروتيوميات


Sin After Sin treći je studijski album britanskog heavy metal sastava Judas Priest. Objavljen je 8. travnja 1977. godine, a objavila ga je diskografska kuća Columbia Records. Producent albuma je Roger Glover, basist sastava Deep Purple. Prvi je album sastava koji je objavio veći izdavač i jedini na kojem je bubnjeve svirao Simon Phillips, studijski glazbenik koji je zamijenio izvornog bubnjara Alana Moorea.

O albumu
Nakon što je diskografska kuća Gull Records objavila prva dva albuma skupine, Judas Priest nije bio zadovoljan njezinom financijskom potporom. Prethodni album Sad Wings of Destiny privukao je pozornost diskografske kuće CBS Records (drugo ime Columbia Records) i uz pomoć Davida Hemmingsa sastav je potpisao ugovor s Columbia Recordsom.

Snimanje albuma počelo je u siječnju 1977. u studiju Ramport u Batterseaju. Probe su se održavale u Pinewood Studiosu u Londonu. Basist sastava Deep Purple, Roger Glover, bio je producent albuma, a Mark Dodson inženjer zvuka, no nakon jedne sesije grupa je otpustila Glovera i sama pobrinula za produkciju. U to je vrijeme bubnjar Alan Moore napustio sastav, a zamijenio ga je dodatni glazbenik Simon Phillips, koji se odbio pridružiti Judas Priestu. Snimanje je dovršeno u veljači iste godine. Album sadrži obradu pjesme "Diamonds & Rust" glazbenice Joan Baez; Glover je potaknuo skupinu da snimi tu obradu.

Nakon snimanja albuma grupi se pridružio bubnjar Les Binks s kojim je Judas Priest snimio dva albuma – Stained Class i Killing Machine. Album Sin After Sin diskografska kuća Columbia objavila je 8. travnja 1977. godine. Album je postao jedan od najuspješnijih uradaka sastava i završio je na 23. mjestu britanske ljestvice albumi. Sin After Sin također je jedan od prvih albuma sastava koji je dobio zlatnu nakladu.

Popis pjesama

Osoblje

Judas Priest
Robert Halford – vokali, produkcija
Glenn Tipton – gitara, produkcija
K. K. Downing – gitara, klavir (na pjesmi "Here Come the Tears"), produkcija
Ian Hill – bas-gitara, produkcija
Dodatni glazbenici
Simon Phillips – bubnjevi

Ostalo osoblje
Roger Glover – produkcija
Roslav Szaybo – umjetnički smjer
Bob Carlos Clarke – fotografije, dizajn
Mark Dodson – inženjer zvuka

Izvori

Albumi iz 1977.
Albumi sastava Judas Priest

Sin After Sin


عماطور هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء الشوف في محافظة جبل لبنان.
قرية لبنانية تضم عدداً كبيراً من حملة الشهادات الجامعية والاكاديميه والدراسات العليا باختصاصات مختلفه في لبنان، من الأوائل في لبنان مقارنة بعدد السكان،

هي قرية مشايخ العقل وعاصمه الشوف الثقافيه وآخرهم الشيخان محمد عبد الصمد ومحمد أبوشقرا وقرية عدد كبير من الاعلاميين اللبنانيين والسياسيين ورجال الدين والكتاب والاطباء والمزارعين والمهندسين والقضاة والمحامين والشعراء والمثقفين بالإضافة إلى موظفين كبار الدولة في لبنان والعالم العربي والإسلامي، منهم ضابط الشرطة داود أبو شقرا.

سميت عماطور لكثرة عدد الينابيع فيها أكثر من 365 ينبوع ويسكنها الموحدون الدروز والمسيحيين من الروم الكاثوليك الملكيين والموارنة، ترتفع 850 متر عن سطح البحر وفيها حرج اخضر كبير يشكل متنفسا بيئيا للقرية التي يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 4 آلاف نسمة، تحدها بعذران عين قني ومزرعة الشوف وحارة جندل كما أنه تلاقي وادي مرج بسري إلى حدود منطقة جزين.

مجتمع عماطور من أكثر المجتمعات انفتاحاً وثقافة وتنوعا وبرزوا وتبوءوا مناصب عده في الدولة وخارجها في الشوف الاعلى، وبيئة البلدة تشبه مثيلاتها في قرى القضاء. يضم المجتمع العماطوري نخبا اجتماعية وعددا كبيرا من المهاجرين إلى الدول العربية والإسلامية وحتى الدول الغربية. عماطور أو «عين ماء الطور» كما ورد اسمها في الكتب والمراجع القديمة تشتهر بزراعة العنب والعديد من الفواكه الموسمية وفيها معصرة للزيتون ومدرسة رسمية خرجت العديد من الكوادر الثقافية في البلدة.

تقع بلديّة عمّاطور في قضاء الشوف أحد أقضية محافظة جبل لبنان، هذه المحافظة هي واحدة من ثمان محافظات يتشكل منها لبنان الإداري. وتبعد عمّاطور حوالي 58 كلم (36.0412 ميل) عن بيروت عاصمة لبنان. وتمتد على مساحة تُقدَّر بـ 585 هكتاراً (5.85 كلم²- 2.2581 ميل² (2).

الهيئات المحلية وصلاحياتها

عمّاطور بلديّة تتمتّع بمجلسٍ بلديّ من 12 عضو (1)، يتمّ انتخابهم لمدّة ستّ سنوات من خلال الاقتراع العام المباشر، (مرجع: سير الأعمال في المجلس البلديّ).

السكان والناخبين

تبعا لبعض التقديرات يسكن مدينة عمّاطور 2030 نسمة. خلال الانتخابات الأخيرة التي جرت عام. 2004، بينت اللوائح عدد المسجلين فيها: 3947 ناخبا، شارك منهم 2269 (1)

المعالم السياحية والطبيعية في البلدة
تقع عماطور على سفح جبل، وسط غطاء نباتي خلاب مكوّن من أحراش سنديان وملول. تضم البلدة مجموعة من المواقع السياحية البيئية والتاريخية وأبرزها: بيوت نموذجية في المنطقة تعود بعضها إلى القرن التاسع عشر _ مقامات دينية من مجالس ومزارات وكنائس ودار وخلوة - آثار أعمدة من الغرانيت الأسود تعود لبقايا معبد قديم يقع في مرج عماطور - جسر البليط جنوبي البلدة - ينابيع وعيون مثل: عين العريش، عين الفقر - مجرى نهر الباروك - حرش عماطور وتبلغ مساحته حوالي 400 ألف متر مربع - معاصر قديمة للزيتون - آبار قديمة. كذلك تتميّز عماطور بوجود أندية رياضية وثقافية واجتماعية.

أعلام
 ضاهر عثمان أبو شقرا (١٨٠١-١٨٨١) عضو مجلس إدارة جبل لبنان الكبير .عن جزين عام ١٨٦٤ إبان عهد المتصرفية
 منصور عبد الصمد (1876 - 25 أغسطس 1953) سياسي لبناني، قائمقام ومتصرّف عثماني ونائب في دولة جبل الدروز.
 منال عبد الصمد (28 مارس 1975 -) سيّاسية لُبنانيّة، شغلت منصب وزير الإعلام في حكومة حسان دياب منذ 21 يناير 2020 حتى 9 أغسطس 2020.
 محمد أبو شقرا (1910-1991) الشيخ محمد أبو شقرا رجل دين من طائفة الموحدين الدروز في لبنان، تولى منصب مشيخة العقل من العام 1970 حتى وفاته عام 1991.

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء الشوف
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
تجمعات الروم الملكيين في لبنان
تجمعات درزية في لبنان
تجمعات مارونية في لبنان
قرى لبنان

عماطور


Das Gebäude mit dem Namen Stern-Apotheke war ein denkmalgeschütztes Bauwerk aus dem 16. Jahrhundert in Kempten im Allgäu. Die alte Stern-Apotheke wurde trotz ihres Schutzstatus 1961 im Zuge der sogenannten Altstadtsanierung, eines bundesweiten städtebaulichen Pilotprojekts, und wegen angeblicher Baufälligkeit abgerissen und durch einen modernen historisierenden Betonneubau ersetzt. Das Gebäude befindet sich neben dem Ponikauhaus, einem Prunkbau der ehemaligen Reichsstadt.

Beschreibung und Geschichte
Das dreigeschossige Haus besaß auf der zum Rathausplatz hin gelegenen Traufseite eine durch fünf Fensterachsen gegliederte Neorenaissancefassade. Das steile, viergeschossige Satteldach wurde architektonisch durch vier Gaubenreihen gegliedert. Gegen die Heinrichgasse, einen schmalen Verbindungsweg vom Stadttheater zum Rathausplatz, befanden sich zum Teil vermauerte rundbogige und spitzbogige Lichtschlitze. Der von Michael Petzet als bemerkenswert beschriebene spätgotische Giebel hatte zwei große Spitzbogenblenden unter dementsprechenden Dreieckfeldern in den Zwickeln. Das Seitenportal des frühen 17. Jahrhunderts bestand aus Pilastern unter einem Dreiecksgiebel. Im Erdgeschoss gab es Zimmer mit Bandelwerkstuck aus der Zeit von 1730.

Vor dem Abriss hat die Sozialbau Kempten GmbH das Haus im Jahr 1960 erworben. Die Nordseite des Rathausplatzes wurde daraufhin zwischen 1961 und 1965 neu bebaut (Entwurf Sozialbau Kempten, Dipl.-Ing. Gerd Selzer). Die bei der Stern-Apotheke im Jahr 1962 vollendete Baumaßnahme erfolgte damals in Übereinstimmung mit dem Bayerischen Landesamt für Denkmalpflege. Nach Vorstellung der Stadtplaner sollten sich die neuen, historisierenden Sgraffito-Fassaden von Franz Weiß anstelle der alten, zum Teil stark veränderten Bürgerhäuser harmonischer in das Stadtbild einfügen, was jedoch 1990 als missglückt beschrieben wurde. Als Problem wurde auch die Fassade der Gründerzeit gesehen. Neben der Stern-Apotheke steht noch ein weiteres Wohn- und Geschäftsgebäude, welches im Zuge dieser Baumaßnahme errichtet wurde. In dem modernen Betonbau befinden sich heute Büroräume. Die neue Stern-Apotheke bestand bis in das Jahr 2014.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Baudenkmal in Kempten (Allgäu)
Umgenutztes Bauwerk in Kempten (Allgäu)
Zerstört in den 1960er Jahren
Erbaut im 16. Jahrhundert
Erbaut in den 1960er Jahren
Abgegangenes Bauwerk in Kempten (Allgäu)

Stern-Apotheke (Kempten)


Balkan Cephesi, I. Dünya Savaşı dahilinde Balkanlar'da meydana gelen muharebeleri kapsayan cephedir. I. Dünya Savaşı, Avusturya-Macaristan ve Sırbistan arasında yaşanan çatışmalarla başlamış olması açısından Balkanlar'da çıkmıştır. Balkan Cephesi'ndeki savaşa sonradan Rusya, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, İtalya ve Bulgaristan gibi ülkeler de katılmıştır.

Rusya'nın savaşa katılmaktaki amacı, Bulgaristan ve Avusturya-Macaristan'ı savaş dışı bırakıp Balkanlar'ı ele geçirmek ve sıcak denizlere inmek olmuştur. İtalya savaştan önce Almanya ve Avusturya-Macaristan ile yakınlaşmış ancak savaş başladığında tarafsız kalmıştır. Londra Antlaşması'nın imzalanması sonucunda, Arnavutluk ve Dalmaçya'da güç kazanmayı amaçlayan İtalya, Almanya ve Avusturya-Macaristan'a savaş ilan etmiştir. Bulgaristan'ın savaşa katılmasında Rusya ve Balkan ülkelerine karşı duyduğu güvensizliğin artması, Avusturya-Macaristan ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu ile yakınlaşması ve Makedonya'da ilerlemeyi hedeflemesi gibi nedenler etkili olmuştur. Yunanistan'ın temel amacı ise Megali İdea'yı gerçekleştirmek üzerine kurulmuştur.

Avusturya-Macaristan ve Sırbistan arasındaki savaşta, Sırbistan 1915'in sonlarına kadar büyük bir direniş göstermiştir. Rusya'nın Avusturya-Macaristan üzerinde kurduğu baskı, Sırbistan'ın direnişinin uzun sürmesinde etkili olmuştur. Bulgaristan'ın savaşa katılmasıyla Arnavutluk'a çekilen Sırp birlikleri, savaşın Balkanlar'ın kalanında da yayılmasına neden olmuştur. İtalya, Sırp birliklerinin Yunanistan başta olmak üzere çeşitli bölgelere tahliye edilmesine yardımcı olmuştur.

Romanya'nın İtilaf Devletleri'nin yanında savaşa katılması, cephedeki çatışmaların daha da şiddetlenmesine neden olmuştur. Alman ve Avusturya-Macaristan birlikleri, Romanya'nın büyük çoğunluğunu işgal edip durumu İttifak Devletleri lehine döndürmeye çalışmıştır. Rusya ve Romanya, cephedeki etkinliğini yitirmiştir.

1917'de Yunanistan, İtilaf Devletleri'nin yanında savaşa katılmıştır. İtilaf Devletleri, kısa sürede Büyük Britanya ve Fransa'nın da aralarında olduğu birçok ülkeden birlikler toplamış ve kuzeye doğru bir saldırı başlatmıştır. Bu saldırı sonucunda, Bulgaristan barış görüşmelerine başlamış ve savaştan çekilme kararı almıştır. Sırbistan, yeniden İtilaf Devletleri'nin kontrolüne geçmiştir.

Bulgaristan'ın savaştan çekilmesiyle Almanya ve Osmanlı İmparatorluğu arasındaki iletişim kesilmiş, İttifak Devletleri'nin cephede başarısız olmasının önü açılmıştır. 1918'in ortalarında, İtilaf Devletleri'nin zaferi kesinleşmiştir.

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Balkan Cephesi'nde Makedonya'daki cephelere 25.000 asker ve Romanya'daki cephelere 21.000 asker göndermiştir. Romanya'da Osmanlı İmparatorluğu yaklaşık 19.000 kadar zayiat vermiştir.

Kaynakça

I. Dünya Savaşı Balkan Cephesi


Der Standard este un ziar cotidian național din Austria, care este publicat la Viena, deși el este produs în Tulln an der Donau din Austria Inferioară, datorită impozitelor mai mici din acel stat federal.

Istorie și profil
Der Standard a fost fondată de Oscar Bronner ca un ziar financiar și a publicat prima sa ediție în 19 octombrie 1988. Compania media germană Axel Springer a achiziționat o participație în compania care edita ziarul în 1988 și a vândut-o în anul 1995.

Bronner rămâne editorul ziarului, Rainer Schüller este redactor-șef interimar. Der Standard se consideră un ziar — într-un sens european (din punct de vedere social și cultural, dar nu și economic) — liberal și independent. Părțile terțe au descris ziarul ca având o orientare liberală cu nuanțe de stânga. Până în 2007, redactor-șef al cotidianului a fost Gerfried Sperl, după care i-a succedat în acest post Alexandra Föderl-Schmid.

În 2002 Der Standard a fost unul dintre cele patru ziare cotidiane de calitate cu distribuție la nivel național, alături de Salzburger Nachrichten, Die Presse și Wiener Zeitung. Deși Der Standard este destinat a fi un ziar național, el a avut în trecut o incontestabilă tendință de a se concentra doar asupra Vienei. Acest lucru a fost atenuat prin deschiderea de birouri redacționale în alte state federale (în prezent în Stiria, Austria Superioară și Carintia) și prin introducerea secțiunile regionale. Der Standard este un ziar din care mass-media internațională citează adesea, atunci când este necesară o opinie din partea presei austriece. Acesta este unul dintre ziarele de calitate cele mai bine vândute din Austria și a ajuns pe 18 iunie 2005 la cea de-a 5000-a ediție.

Der Standard este publicat de Standard Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. H. În august 2008, compania nou-înființată Bronner Online AG a cumpărat 49% din acțiunile acestei companii, care deținuse anterior grupul Süddeutscher Verlag. Bronner Family Foundation a deținut mult timp 41% din acțiuni, iar Oscar Bronner deținea restul de 10%. Süddeutscher Verlag a intrat în companie în decembrie 1998; anterior, între 1988 și 1995, Axel Springer Verlag deținea 50% din acțiuni.

Începând cu anul 2005, ziarul a colaborat cu The New York Times și a publicat The New York Times International Weekly în zilele de luni, care este un supliment de șase pagini ce oferă articole selectate din the Times în limba engleză. Der Standard participă la Atomium Culture, Platforma Permanentă pentru Excelență Europeană, care aduce laolaltă unele dintre cele mai reputate afaceri, ziare și universități europene, pentru a crește răspândirea cunoștințelor peste frontiere, în toate sectoarele și pentru publicul larg.

Potrivit analizei media austriece din 2007, Der Standard avea 352.000 de cititori în Austria, o pondere de 5% din toți cititorii de presă. Cu o pondere de 19,4%, el este ziarul cel mai citit de persoanele cu studii universitare. O ediție online (Der Standard digital) este disponibil ca e-paper pe bază de abonament.

Tiraj
Tirajul Der Standard a fost de 104.000 de exemplare în 2002. În anul 2004 tirajul său a fost de 106.000 de exemplare.

Ziarul avea un tiraj de 118 000 de exemplare în 2007, de 117.131 de exemplare în 2008, 108.772 exemplare în 2009, de 104.004 de exemplare în 2010, de 72.693 de exemplare în 2011 și de aproximativ 86.000 de exemplare în 2013.

derStandard.at
Der Standard operează propriul portal web — derStandard.at — din februarie 1995 și susține că aceasta a fost prima apariție a unui ziar de limbă germană pe Internet. În trimestrul IV din 2011, potrivit Die Österreichische Webanalyse, derstandard.at a avut un număr de cititori de 1.135.000 de utilizatori unici (2.379.231 clienți unici în decembrie 2011) și, în consecință, este una dintre cele mai mari și cele mai urmărite portaluri web din Austria. Articolele publicate on-line pot fi comentate de către utilizatorii înregistrați. Portalul diestandard.at publică articole cu privire la problemele femeilor și la feminism. În 2011, derStandard.at a generat un profit mai mare decât ediția tipărită a Der Standard.

Referințe

Legături externe
 derstandard.at (in German)
 Der Standard digital (Subscription-only e-paper - in German)
 diestandard.at (in German)

Ziare în limba germană
Ziare din Austria

Der Standard


, né le  et mieux connu sous son pseudonyme ZUN, est un compositeur et développeur de jeux vidéo japonais. Il est surtout connu pour avoir développé et publié la série de jeux vidéo Touhou Project grâce au groupe de dojin Team Shanghai Alice, dont il est le seul membre.

En 2010, le Livre Guinness des records nomme le Touhou Project la "série de shoot'em up créée par des fans la plus prolifique jamais créée". ZUN est aussi connu comme "Hakurei Kannushi" (博麗神主), nom qu'il utilise par exemple sur les réseaux sociaux.

Jeunesse
ZUN est né à Hakuba le 18 mars 1977 et se décrit comme un "enfant de campagne normal". Sa première exposition aux jeux vidéo remonte à 1982-1983, lorsqu'il joue au Game & Watch et aux jeux d'arcade des stations de ski de Hakuba. Plus tard, ses parents lui achètent un Famicom Disk System (module complémentaire pour le Nintendo Entertainment System exclusif au Japon). ZUN a affirmé que SonSon, Super Mario Bros. et Street Fighter II sont les jeux qui l'ont le plus marqué pendant cette période. Comme ZUN est né peu de temps après la mort de son grand-père et que ses parents passaient la plupart de leur temps à travailler, il est principalement élevé par sa grand-mère, qui est particulièrement stricte et choisit de fortement règlementer le temps qu'il peut passer à jouer à des jeux vidéo.

Le premier intérêt de ZUN pour le développement de jeux vidéo lui vient pendant ses années aux lycée. Alors que la plupart des shoot 'em up utilisent un thème militaire ou de science-fiction, ZUN veut un jeu avec un personnage principal miko et une esthétique shintoïste. ZUN fait partie du club d'orchestre de son école et souhaite aussi créer de la musique pour les jeux vidéo. Comme il ne connait personne d'autre qui fabrique des jeux dans lesquels il peut mettre sa musique, il décide de créer ses propres jeux à cette fin. Vers 2001, il postule au Comiket en tant que groupe de musique sous le nom de Shanghai Alice Ensemble, mais est rejeté.

En 2012, ZUN épouse une programmeuse de jeux mobiles, avec qui il a un fils et une fille.

ZUN aime boire de la bière et revendique en boire au moins une fois par jour. Il crée sa propre bière (parfois appelée bière Touhou), et écrit des critiques de bières dans Comptiq. Sa marque préférée est Kirin.

Carrière
ZUN fréquente l'Université de Tokyo Denki, où il se spécialise en mathématiques, et c'est à l'université qu'il a créé le premier jeu Touhou, Highly Responsive to Prayers. Les cinq premiers jeux Touhou sont développés pour la série d'ordinateurs PC-9800, dont ZUN possède le modèle PC-9821. Bien que ZUN ait fait quelques jeux avant cela, le premier étant une copie de Puyo Puyo, ceux-ci n'ont jamais été publiés et sont supposés être perdus.

Après l'université, ZUN travaille comme programmeur chez Taito de 1998 à 2007. Il obtient notamment le poste en montrant à son intervieweur les jeux Touhou qu'il avait créés. Au cours de sa carrière chez Taito, ZUN aide à travailler sur Greatest Striker, Magic Pengel: The Quest for Color, Bujingai, Graffiti Kingdom et Exit, ainsi que sur d'autres jeux qui ont finalement été annulés. Il décide de partir car il n'aime pas travailler dans l'entreprise, et Touhou a alors déjà suffisamment de succès pour vivre de ses jeux. Cependant, il évoque ne pas avoir initialement prévu que Touhou devienne l'œuvre de sa vie.

Alors que les jeux Touhou sont initialement créés comme un projet de passionné, ZUN constate qu'ils ont du succès (Highly Responsive to Prayers et sa suite, The Story of Eastern Wonderland) au Comiket de 1997. Il apporte un total combiné de  et est surpris de pouvoir tous les vendre. Les jeux Touhou sont vendus via Comiket jusqu'en 2004, date à laquelle la convention Reitaisai est fondée. La même année, ZUN écrit Curiosities of Lotus Asia, des nouvelles parues dans divers magazines, qui sont ensuite rassemblées dans une anthologie en 2010. C'est le premier de plusieurs œuvres littéraires situées dans l'univers Touhou. Silent Sinner in Blue, le premier manga officiel de Touhou, est publié en 2007.

Philosophie de conception
ZUN critique l'industrie du jeu vidéo, affirmant que les jeux sont devenus plus faciles et moins complexes mécaniquement lorsqu'ils tentent de plaire à un public plus large. Cependant, il note que le marché des jeux de dojin permet au danmaku (littéralement « rideau de projectiles », ensemble de projectiles à éviter dans les jeux de shoot 'em up) et à d'autres genres de niche de prospérer.

ZUN travaille seul, et chaque jeu Touhou est créé à partir de zéro, y compris le moteur. La seule exception à cela sont les jeux de combat, dont le premier est Immaterial and Missing Power, créé en 2003 avec le groupe dojin Twilight Frontier. Dans la postface du jeu, ZUN mentionne qu'il n'aime pas avoir à gérer d'autres travailleurs et qu'il produit des choses "six fois plus confortablement" lorsqu'il le fait seul.

ZUN reconnaît que bien que les personnages de Touhou aient des histoires élaborées, peu de détails leur sont donnés dans le jeu, affirmant que "le danmaku est la façon dont l'histoire et les personnages sont communiqués".

Références

Liens externes

Concepteur japonais de jeux vidéo
Compositeur de musique de jeu vidéo
Touhou Project
Naissance en mars 1977

ZUN (développeur)


An ostiarius, a Latin word sometimes anglicized as ostiary but often literally translated as porter or doorman, originally was a servant or guard posted at the entrance of a building. See also gatekeeper.

In the Roman Catholic Church, this "porter" became the lowest of the four minor orders prescribed by the Council of Trent.  This was the first order a seminarian was admitted to after receiving the tonsure.  The porter had in ancient times the duty of opening and closing the church-door and of guarding the church, especially to ensure no unbaptised persons would enter during the Eucharist. Later on, the porter would also guard, open and close the doors of the sacristy, baptistry and elsewhere in the church.

The porter was not a part of holy orders administering sacraments but simply a preparatory job on the way to the major orders: subdiaconate (until its suppression, after the Second Vatican Council by Pope Paul VI), diaconate and the priesthood. Like the other minor orders and the subdiaconate, it is retained in societies such as the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter.

History
In the Roman period, an ostiarius was a slave whose duty was to guard the entrance of an upper class citizen's house. A basilica originally served as a Roman court of law, and it was the duty of the ostiarius to regulate the approach of litigants to the judge.

When, from the end of the second century, the Christian communities began to own houses for holding church services and for purposes of administration, church ostiaries are soon mentioned, at least for the larger cities. They are first referred to in the letter of Pope Cornelius to Bishop Fabius of Antioch written in 251, where it is said that there were then at Rome 46 priests, 7 deacons, 7 subdeacons, 42 acolytes, and 52 exorcists, lectors, and ostiaries, or doorkeepers. According to the statement of the Liber Pontificalis, an ostiary named Romanus suffered martyrdom in 258 at the same time as St. Lawrence.

In Western Europe the office of the ostiary was the lowest grade of the minor clergy. In a law of 377 of the Codex Theodosianus intended for the Vicariate of Italy, the ostiaries are also mentioned among the clergy who have a right to personal immunity. In his letter of 11 March 494, to the bishops of southern Italy and Sicily, Pope Gelasius says that for admission into the clergy it was necessary that the candidate could read (must, therefore, have a certain amount of education), for without this prerequisite an applicant could, at the most, only fill the office of an ostiary.

In Rome itself this office attained to no particular development, as a large part of these duties, namely the physical work necessary in the church building, what is now probably the duty of the sexton, was at Rome performed by the mansionarii. The clergy of the three lower grades (minor orders) were united at Rome into the Schola cantorum (choir) and as such took part in the church ceremonies. There are no special prayers or ceremonies for the ordination of the lower clergy in the oldest liturgical books of the Roman Church.

For the Gallican Rite, short statements concerning the ordination of the lower orders, among them that of the ostiaries, are found in the "Statuta ecclesiæ antiqua" a collection of canons which appeared at Arles about the beginning of the sixth century. The "Sacramentarium Gelasianum" and the "Missale Francorum" contain the same rite with the prayers used on this occasion.

According to these the ostiaries are first instructed in their duties by the archdeacon; after this he brings them before the bishop who takes the keys of the church from the altar and hands them to the candidate for ordination with the words: "Fulfil thine office to show that thou knowest that thou wilt give account to God concerning the things that are locked away under these keys." Then follows a prayer for the candidate and a prayer for the occasion that the bishop pronounces over him. This ceremony was also at a later date adopted by the Roman Church in its liturgy.

In Latin Western Europe, outside of Rome, in the late Roman era and the one following, the ostiaries were still actually employed as guardians of the church buildings and of their contents. This is shown by the epitaph of one Ursatius, an ostiary of Trier. An ostiary of the church of Salona is also mentioned in an epitaph. Later, however, in the Latin Church the office of ostiary universally remained only one of the degrees of ordination and the actual work of the ostiary was transferred to the laity (sacristans, sextons, etc.).

In the ordination of ostiaries their duties are thus enumerated in the Pontifical: "Percutere cymbalum et campanam, aperire ecclesiam et sacrarium, et librum ei aperire qui prædicat" (to ring the bell, to open the church and sacristy, to open the book for the preacher). The forms of prayer for the ordination are similar to those in the old Gallican Rite.

In the East there were also doorkeepers in the service of the Church. They are enumerated as ecclesiastical persons by the Council of Laodicea (c. 343–381). Like the acolytes and exorcists, they were only appointed to serve the church, but received no actual ordination and were not regarded as belonging to the ecclesiastical hierarchy. According to the "Apostolic Constitutions" belonging to the end of the fourth century the guarding of the door of the church during the service was the duty of the deacons and subdeacons. Thus the doorkeepers exercised their office only when service was not being held.

The minor order no longer exists officially in the Eastern Catholic Churches and was abolished in the Roman Catholic Church by Pope Paul VI in his apostolic letter, Ministeria quaedam of August 15, 1972.

See also
Romanus Ostiarius

References

Ecclesiastical titles
Minor orders

Ostiarius


تقع مدينة سلحب إلى الجنوب الغربي من سهل الغاب وعلى امتداد السفح الشرقي لجبال اللاذقية وتتوضع البلدة القديمة فوق تل ترابي محاط بالسهول الزراعية الواسعة .
ويلتقي ضمنها نهري أبو قبيس وينابيع دير شميل و اللقبة حيث يجتمعان معاً في رافد واحد إلى نهر العاصي شمالاً .

ومع مرور الزمن أصبحت المدينة مركزا للتجمع السكاني من مختلف أنحاء القطر وتوسعت رقعتها لتشمل مساحة /330/ هـ بدءاً من مفرق طريق عام مصياف – السقيلبية شرقاً وحتى بداية السفوح الشرقية لسلسلة جبال اللاذقية ومدخل وادي أبو قبيس السياحي غرباً .

حدود المدينة الإدارية
من الشمال مجرى نهر العاصي وأتوستراد سلحب – اللاذقية والحدود الإدارية لقرية العشارنة وقرية نهر البارد , ومن الجنوب الحدود الإدارية لقرية الصارمية وقرية دير شميل .
عدد سكان المدينة (20,577) نسمة وفقاً لأمانات السجل المدني في 1/1/2011 . لكنَّ العدد الفعلي والذي يشمل السكان المقيمين الذين لم ينقلوا قيدهم في السجل المدني إلى المدينة يقارب 35 ألف نسمة .
تعتبر مدينة سلحب البوابة الرئيسية لموقع وادي أبو قبيس السياحي وينابيع دير شميل وبحيرة سد سلحب التخزيني ومعسكر الشبيبة المركزي وقلعة أبو قبيس الأثرية .

مركز الناحية
مدينة سلحب مركز ناحية تتبع منطقة الغاب في محافظة حماة.
تبعد مدينة سلحب عن مدينة حماة /48/ كم غرباً وعن مدينة مصياف /27/ كم شمالاً وعن مدينة السقيلبية /18/ كم جنوباً وعن الساحل السوري /45/ كم شرقاً .

بلغ عدد سكان مدينة سلحب 20,577 ألف نسمة وفقاً لإحصائيات السجل المدني نهاية عام 2010. ومعظم السكان علويون.

الدوائر والمنشآت
 مركز مجلس المدينة
 مركز للناحية ومخفر الشرطة
مشفى وطني
 محكمة صلح
 مديرية نقل فرعية
 فرع حوض العاصي
 مركز للجيش الشعبي
 مجمع تربوي
شعبة تجنيد
مستوصف صحي
 5 مراكز امتحانية لطلبة الشهادة الثانوية
 مكتب لمصرف توفير البريد
 فرع للمصرف الزراعي
 جمعية تعاونية استهلاكية
 صالة للخزن والتبريد
 صالة تجزئة
 شركة سكر سلحب
 معمل للخميرة
 مركز أعلاف
 مركز لتجميع الحبوب
 صوامع الحبوب
 وحدة إرشادية عدد اثنان
 جمعية فلاحية
 مشتل للغراس الحراجية
 جمعية خيرية
 جمعية تعاونية سكنية عدد أربعة
 مركز للهاتف
 مركز للبريد
 مركز للعمران
 مركز للمياه
 مركز للكهرباء
 مخبز آلي
 مركز إطفاء حراجي
 مركز ثقافي
 مركز انطلاق للسيارات
 فندق سياحي يتبع لمجلس المدينة
 نادي كرة قدم
 نادي لرفع الأثقال

في المجال الصحي

 مشفى وطني أقيم بالعمل الشعبي من قِبل أبناء سلحب والمناطق المجاورة لها.
 مستوصف للصحة المدرسية
 مستوصف صحي عدد اثنين
مركز رعاية صحية تابع للهلال الأحمر العربي السوري ، تم تقديمه بالعمل الشعبي مِن قِبل أهالي سلحب.

في المجال التربوي
عدد المدارس الثانوية والمهنية :/3/ ثلاثة وعدد طلابها /2031/ طالب .
عدد المدارس الإعدادية :/4/ أربعة وعدد طلابها /3024/طالب .
عدد المدارس الابتدائية: /7/ سبعة وعدد طلابها /3083/طالب .
عدد رياض الأطفال: /2/ اثنان +/5/ روضات خاصة .

في المجال الزراعي
تشتهر مدينة سلحب بالمزروعات التالية : الحبوب بكافة أنواعها - القطن - الشوندر السكري - التبغ - الخضار بكافة أنواعها - العنب والتين والزيتون والجوز وأشجار فاكهة مختلفة.

في مجال النقل
عدد آليات النقل الركاب /100/ ميكرو باص و باص لنقل الركاب يومياً من المدينة واليها على الخطوط التالية :
 سلحب - مصياف .
 سلحب - حماة .
 سلحب - اللاذقية .
 سلحب - دمشق .
 سلحب - السقيلبية .
 سلحب - حلب .
 سلحب - حمص .
 سلحب - الدالية .
 سلحب – نهر البارد .
 سلحب – أبو قبيس .

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة في منطقة السقيلبية
بلدات حماة
تجمعات علوية في سوريا
محافظة حماة
مدن سوريا

سلحب


Come with Us is the fourth studio album by English electronic music duo the Chemical Brothers, released in January 2002 by record labels Virgin and Freestyle Dust in the UK and Astralwerks and Ultra in the US. It features Richard Ashcroft (ex-the Verve) and Beth Orton as guest vocalists.

The album debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart. It was certified Gold by the BPI on 1 February 2002.

Background
The Chemical Brothers' second and third albums, Dig Your Own Hole and Surrender, brought them international fame. The band had a worldwide tour for Surrender beginning in 1999, continuing until summer 2000, when they played festivals such as Glastonbury Festival and Creamfields.

Following this, the duo created a new track, premiered in December 2000, when they supported U2. Tom Rowlands seemed to initially have mixed feelings about the song, saying it had "quite a lot of percussion, big, sweeping sort of stuff. Live conga playing, quite spaced out. It's like Body & Soul, but really, really hard and twisted, it's like high-impact, full-on, but with more organic sounds, and quite intense, without the good vibe." The track was popular with fans, however, and was eventually issued as the white label release "Electronic Battle Weapon 5", in June 2001.

Recording
Work on a new album began in 2000, when it was initially titled Chemical Four. The record explores new gear, such as the Parker MIDI Fly guitar. When asked if it would be a "back-to-roots" album, following their change in style with Surrender, Ed Simons said, "The first three or four numbers do remind me of those days when we were so excited about putting together little grooves and beats – that whole cut-up era of hip hop. We had Grand Wizard Theodore DJing at our gigs then. Like that scratch segment in 'Afrika', those tiny segments where it sounds like a DJ cutting in, those sorts of things used to really excite us. But some of the music is totally removed from that. 'Hoops' is totally different than anything we – or anyone – have ever done". The album took eighteen months to record.

In making the record, the string arpeggios and the hard MIDI notes came first. "Then it was about finding the right sounds and building from that point", says Simons. The album's drum programming started with doing the snare sound, then a kick, and a bit of "high-end ssshhhhhh". The duo said they "took the actual individual drum sounds, then wrote the chords. We always sample tiny fragments of sound as a starting point. But there were more definite tunes and ideas and melodies from the start of this album than before". They also experimented with Emagic Logic Audio, which proved successful in the album's production as it never crashed, unlike Steinberg Cubase, which the band had used previously.

Release
During the month of release, the Chemical Brothers received retrospective respect from publications such as Muzik magazine. Promotion for the album started in September 2001, and concluded in November 2002.

Come with Us was released on 28 January 2002 in the UK, following the single "It Began in Afrika", a variation of the band's "Electronic Battle Weapon 5", which was issued in September 2001 and appears on the album, as well as the release of the single "Star Guitar". The tracks proved successful, both reaching number 8 on the UK Singles Chart. The album itself entered at number 1, being the band's third consecutive number 1 album. As well as these two singles, the track "Galaxy Bounce", popularized on the Lara Croft: Tomb Raider soundtrack in the summer of 2001, also appears on the album,

In its opening week on the Billboard chart, the record sold 30,000 copies.

Singles and EPs
"It Began in Afrika" was released in June 2001 as "Electronic Battle Weapon 5", exclusively for DJs to test in clubs. It was officially issued as the first single on 10 September 2001 and reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart. The version on the album is a six-minute edit that segues into "Galaxy Bounce". "Star Guitar" was released on 14 January 2002 and reached number eight on the UK Singles Chart. "Come with Us" and "The Test" were released as a double A-side single on 22 April 2002, reaching number 14 on the UK Singles Chart. In Japan, the names in the title of the single were reversed. "Hoops" was released on 1 June 2002 in remixed form as "Electronic Battle Weapon 6", exclusively for DJs to test in clubs.

At the time of their Japan tour, the tie-in extended play titled Come with Us/Japan Only EP was released exclusively in that country, on 17 July 2002. The AmericanEP was issued exclusively to in the United States on 19 November 2002, in promotion of the North Amerika tour. "Come with Us" and "The Test" were also issued as separate promo singles in addition to the retail double A-side.

Reception

Initial critical response to Come with Us was generally positive. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 72, based on 23 reviews. Kludge included it on their list of best albums of 2002.

Andy Puleston of the BBC said that "years ago Tom and Ed assured us 'the brother's gonna work it out'. If you've ever felt that they had yet to make good on this promise then, as far as Come with Us is concerned there was never a truer word spoken." His review also acknowledged the success of "It Began in Afrika", saying that by "removing shrubs, laying concrete and generally paving the way for this album, "Afrika" conquered Ibiza, Notting Hill Carnival and contrived a craving amongst those with an affinity for a big, bouncy kick drum."

AllMusic said that "After forgetting the key on 1999's Surrender amidst handling all of the celebrity guests, they got back to business with Come with Us", and that "from the vocal sample introducing the opener ("behold...they're coming back"), it's clear Rowlands and Simons know the importance of this fourth album, and it detonates like a bomb blast, as though the duo knew that Come with Us had to be bigger and badder than all the bombastic breaks they'd dropped in the past."

Following the album's release, the band embarked on two tours, the Go with Them tour and the North Amerika tour.

Track listing

 As with all other albums by the Chemical Brothers, some of the tracks segue into the next. These are 2 into 3 and 7 into 8.

Personnel
 The Chemical Brothers – production

Additional musicians
 Jared Faber – drums ("Come with Us")
 Steve Dub – engineering, additional guitar
 Greg Fleming – assistance
 Kate Gibb – artwork
 Beverley Skeete – vocals on "Star Guitar"
 Richard Ashcroft – vocals on "The Test"
 Beth Orton – vocals on "The State We're In"
 Shovell – percussion on "It Began in Afrika"

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

Certifications

Release history

References

2002 albums
The Chemical Brothers albums
Astralwerks albums
Virgin Records albums

Come with Us


13424 Margalida este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
13424 Margalida este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Costitx de Rafael Pacheco și Ángel López. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,52 ua, o excentricitate de 0,19 și o înclinație de 5,1° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 13001-14000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

13424 Margalida


Albert Gallatin Hawes (* 1. April 1804 bei Bowling Green, Caroline County, Virginia; † 14. März 1849 bei Yelvington, Kentucky) war ein US-amerikanischer Politiker. Zwischen 1831 und 1837 vertrat er den Bundesstaat Kentucky im US-Repräsentantenhaus.

Werdegang
Albert Hawes entstammte einer bekannten Politikerfamilie. Sein Bruder Richard Hawes (1797–1877) war zwischen 1837 und 1841 Kongressabgeordneter und während des Bürgerkrieges von 1862 bis 1865 konföderierter Gegengouverneur von Kentucky. Aylett Hawes (1768–1833), der zwischen 1811 und 1817 den Staat Virginia im US-Repräsentantenhaus vertrat, war sein Onkel. Albert Hawes war auch ein Großonkel von Harry B. Hawes (1869–1947) der zwischen 1921 und 1933 für den Staat Missouri in beiden Kammern des Kongresses saß. Außerdem war er ein Cousin von Aylett Hawes Buckner (1816–1894), der ebenfalls Missouri im Kongress vertrat.

Im Jahr 1810 kam Albert Hawes mit seinen Eltern nach Kentucky. Die Familie ließ sich im Fayette County nahe Lexington nieder. Dort besuchte er die öffentlichen Schulen. Später studierte Hawes an der Transylvania University in Lexington. Danach zog er in die Nähe von Hawesville im Hancock County, wo er in der Landwirtschaft arbeitete. Außerdem begann er als Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei eine politische Laufbahn.

Bei den Kongresswahlen des Jahres 1830 wurde Hawes im elften Wahlbezirk von Kentucky in das US-Repräsentantenhaus in Washington, D.C. gewählt, wo er am 4. März 1831 die Nachfolge von Thomas Chilton antrat. Zwei Jahre später wurde er im zweiten Distrikt erneut in den Kongress gewählt. Dort folgte er am 4. März 1833 auf Thomas Alexander Marshall. Nach einer weiteren Wiederwahl konnte er bis zum 3. März 1837 insgesamt drei Legislaturperioden im Kongress absolvieren. Seit dem Amtsantritt von Präsident Andrew Jackson im Jahr 1829 wurde innerhalb und außerhalb des Kongresses heftig über dessen Politik diskutiert. Dabei ging es um die umstrittene Durchsetzung des Indian Removal Act, den Konflikt mit dem Staat South Carolina, der in der Nullifikationskrise gipfelte, und die Bankenpolitik des Präsidenten. Während seiner Zeit im Repräsentantenhaus war Hawes Vorsitzender des Ausschusses zur Kontrolle der Ausgaben des Postministeriums.

Nach seiner Zeit im Kongress betätigte sich Albert Hawes wieder in der Landwirtschaft. Er starb am 14. März 1849 nahe Yelvington.

Weblinks

Mitglied des Repräsentantenhauses der Vereinigten Staaten für Kentucky
Mitglied der Demokratischen Partei (Vereinigte Staaten)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1804
Gestorben 1849
Mann

Albert Gallatin Hawes


São Pedro e Santiago Portekiz'de Torres Vedras belediyesine bağlı olan, 29,25 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 17.548 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Torres Vedras

São Pedro e Santiago


Marcelo Alejandro Horacio Guinle (Santa Fe, -Comodoro Rivadavia, 8 de junio de 2017) fue un abogado y político argentino. Ocupó varios cargos ejecutivos y legislativos, y judicial a nivel nacional y en la provincia de Chubut. Fue Senador Nacional por Chubut entre 2001 y 2015.

Biografía
Guinle se recibió de abogado en 1974 en la Universidad Católica Argentina, y en el año 2000 recibió el título de escribano por la Universidad de Moron.

Estuvo casado con Lilia Castillo, teniendo tres hijos y cuatro nietos.

Se desempeñó como abogado en forma privada y fue asesor legal de YPF entre 1974 y 1979. Fue juez civil, comercial y laboral de la Circunscripción Judicial sud, con asiento en Comodoro Rivadavia (ciudad donde reside). Guinle fue además juez de la cámara de apelaciones, con asiento en Trelew y juez de la cámara de apelaciones en Comodoro Rivadavia.

En 2016 había sido designado, con mandato hasta marzo de 2018, como presidente del Superior Tribunal de Justicia de la provincia de Chubut, cargo que ejerció hasta su muerte.

Actividad política
Guinle ocupó varios cargos políticos en la provincia de Chubut. En 1986 fue nombrado secretario de gobierno de la municipalidad de Comodoro Rivadavia, entre 1987 y 1989 fue ministro de gobierno, educación y justicia de la provincia de Chubut. Formó parte de la convención nacional constituyente para reformar la Constitución Nacional en 1994. Entre 1995 y 1999 fue intendente de Comodoro Rivadavia. En 1999 se presentó como candidato a gobernador de la provincia, pero no resultó elegido.

En 2001 fue elegido por primera vez senador nacional por la provincia de Chubut, reelecto en 2003 obteniendo más del 47 % de los votos y sacando una diferencia de más de 10 puntos a su inmediato seguidor, el radical Norberto Massoni. El 4 de diciembre de 2003 fue elegido presidente provisional del senado transformándose en el segundo hombre en la línea de sucesión del presidente Néstor Kirchner.

En junio de 2009, fue elegido nuevamente senador nacional por la provincia de Chubut para el periodo 2009-2015.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Datos en el sitio del Honorable Senado de la Nación Argentina

Intendentes de municipios de la provincia de Chubut
Senadores nacionales de Argentina por la provincia de Chubut
Políticos del Partido Justicialista
Políticos del Frente para la Victoria
Abogados de Argentina
Alumnado de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
Santafesinos (capital)
Convencionales constituyentes de Argentina en 1994

Marcelo Guinle