Solapur () is a city located in the south-western region of the Indian state of Maharashtra, close to its border with Karnataka. Solapur is located on major highway, rail routes between Mumbai, Pune, Bangalore and Hyderabad, with a branch line to the cities of Kalaburagi and Vijayapura in the neighbouring state of Karnataka. Solapur International Airport is under construction.
It is classified as A1 Tier and B-1 class city by House Rent Allowance (HRA) classification by the Government of India. It is the seventh biggest Metropolis Urban Agglomeration and 11th most populated city in Maharashtra as well as 43rd largest urban agglomeration and 49th most populous city in India.

Solapur leads Maharashtra in production of beedi. Solapuri Chadars and towels are famous not only in India but also at a global level, however there has been a significant decline in their exports due to quality issues. "Solapuri chadars" are the famous and first product in Maharashtra to get a Geographical Indication tag It has been a leading centre for cotton mills and power looms in Maharashtra. Solapur had the world's second-largest and Asia's largest spinning mill. The National Research Centre on Pomegranate (NRCP) of India is located in Solapur. and pomegranate farming is done on a large scale in Solapur District. The Science Centre in Kegaon (Solapur) is the third largest and prominent scientific association in Maharashtra. The Raichur-Solapur Power Transmission line of 765 kV power capacity suffices the power grid accessing need of the southern states of Karanataka and Andhra Pradesh. The first waste-to-energy electricity plant in Maharashtra is situated in Solapur.

The Gramadevata (Chief deity) of the city is Shri Shivyogi Siddheshwar. The "Nandidhwaj" procession on the Hindu festival of Makar Sankranti and on account of it an annual fair locally known as Gadda Yatra attracts large crowds and is associated with the marriage of Lord Siddheshwar. In 1992, the Solapur Municipal Corporation extended its area up to  by merging its suburbs.
Solapur has the Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary.

Etymology and history

The Solapur (anciently called sonnalage) District was ruled by various dynasties such as Andhrabhratyas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Yadavas and Bahamanis. 'Solapur' spelled in (Marathi: सोलापूर is believed to be derived from the combination of two words: Sola / सोला in Hindi means "sixteen" and "Pura / पुर" means "village".

The present city of Solapur was considered to be spread over sixteen villages viz. Aadilpur, Ahmedpur, Chapaldev, Fatehpur, Jamdarwadi, Kalajapur, Khadarpur, Khandervkiwadi, Muhammadpur, Ranapur, Sandalpur, Shaikpur, Solapur, Sonallagi, Sonapur and Vaidakwadi and all these villages are now merged with Solapur Municipal Corporation.

It is evident from the inscriptions of Shivayogi Lord Siddheshwar of the time of the Kalachuristis of Kalyani, that the town was called 'Sonnalage', an old Kannada name, which came to be pronounced as 'Sonnalagi'. The town was known as Sonnalagi even up to the times of Yadavas. A Sanskrit inscription dated (Sanskrit:शके १२३८) Śakē 1238, after the downfall of the Yadavas found at Kamati in Mohol shows that the town was known as Sonalipur.

One of the inscriptions found in Solapur fort shows that the town was called Sonalpur while another inscription on the well in the fort shows that it was known as Sandalpur. Subsequently, the British rulers pronounced Solapur as Solapur and hence the name of the district. The present Solapur district was previously part of Ahmednagar, Pune and Satara districts. In 1838 it became the Sub-district of Ahmednagar. It included Barshi, Mohol, Madha, Karmala, Indi, Hippargi and Muddebihal Sub-divisions. In 1864 this Sub-district was abolished. In 1871 this district was reformed joining the Sub-divisions viz. Solapur, Barshi, Mohol, Madha and Karmala and two Subdivisions of Satara district viz. Pandharpur, Sangola and in 1875 Malshiras Sub-division was also attached. After the State reorganisation in 1956 Solapur was included in Bombay State and it became a full-fledged district of Maharashtra State in 1960.

The municipal corporation building was built by Rao Saheb Mallappa Warad. He was also one of the first to bring the farming tractor to India. It was his wish that the building should be used for some public purpose and thus the building was made the municipal council. The building is also called Indra Bhawan which means 'Abode of Indra' (Lord Indra). Mallappa Warad was also one of the ten members of 'Chamber of Merchants' under Queen Victoria.

The Solapur Municipal Council was the first municipal council to hoist the indian national flag on the Municipal Council building in 1930. Taking the spirit of Dandi March from Mahatma Gandhi, the freedom fighters of Solapur hoisted the National Flag on 6 April 1930 on the Municipal Council building. This was the first and the unique incidence of such kind throughout the country.

During the Indian independence movement, the people of Solapur enjoyed full freedom on 9–11 May 1930. However, this resulted in the executions of Mallappa Dhanshetti, Abdul Rasool Qurban Hussein, Jagannath Bhagwan Shinde and Shrikisan Laxminarayan Sarada, who were hanged by the British Government on 12 January 1931, in the prison at Pune. This resulted in the city becoming recognized as "The City of Hutatmas" literally "The City of Martyrs".

The Padmashalis are one of the largest community in Solapur. The rise of Moghul rule and there after Britishers who came to India for doing cloth business has lot of impact on weaving technology. The cloth manufactured at Birmingham, England can sell at cheaper rate in India and the qualities of their cloth were much better than our hand woven cloths on Gunta Maggam (Pit-loom). Since there is no buyer for our hand woven cloths, the domestic textile industry suffered losses. The Britisher established East India Company at Calcutta and spread their business across the India. They have also ruled our country till 1947. The impact of cloth business compelled Padmashalis to move to different places in India. Maharashtra is adjacent to Telangana, Andhra Pradesh; most of them started moving in search of their livelihood. Earlier days there were no transportation available; people started walking from Telangana and stayed for days together wherever in the en route to Mumbai. In this course some of them even settled in most parts of Maharashtra like Nanded, Jalna, Aurangabad, and Nasik, Ahmednagar, Solapur, Pune and even interior parts of the villages. Their
basic occupation was weaving; hence most of them have chosen weaving job in cotton mills. Gradually the strength has increased and it can be witnessed that about 400 to 500 Padmashalis could be seen in each mill in Mumbai. Most of the people in Solapur are started there Textile.

There is also one of the oldest Ganesh temples, Ajoba Ganpati temple, which started celebrating the Ganesh festival in 1885.

Toponymy
The inscriptions of chief deity of Solapur Shivyogi Shri. Siddheshwar of the time of the Kalachuri (Basavakalyan) suggest that the town was called "Sonnalage" which came to be pronounced as "Sonnalagi". A Sanskrit inscription dated Shake 1238, after the downfall of the Yadavas found at Kamati in Mohol shows that the town was known as Sonalipur. One of the inscriptions found in Solapur fort shows that the town was called Sonalpur. It was the main commercial hub of the Devagiri Yadavas and an important trading city. The town was known as Sonnalagi even up to the times of the Yadavas of Devagiri.

Culture
Solapur is a city with tri-linguistic blend of Kannada, Marathi and Telugu language multi-cultural features. Most of the People follow Marathi Culture and Tradition. It also has cultural impact of neighbouring states Karnataka and Telangana.

Demographics
As per 2011 census of Solapur city and as per provisional reports of the Census of India, the population of Solapur in 2011 was 951,118, of whom 482,194 were male and 468,924 were female.

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 73.13% of the population in the district spoke Marathi, 9.28% Kannada, 6.47% Hindi, 4.49% Telugu and 3.94% Urdu as their first language.

Solapur's population, with the inclusion of its suburbs, increased to 1,250,000 reorganized in 2012. (http://solapur.gov.in/htmldocs/1977/people_population.html, http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16.html)

In 2011, the total literates in Solapur city are 710,180 of whom 390,335 are males while 319,845 are females. The average literacy rate of Solapur city is 83.88 percent of which male and female literacy was 91.31 and 76.30 percent respectively.

Hinduism is the majority religion in Solapur city with 75.73% followers. Islam is the second most popular religion, with approximately 20.64% following it. Buddhism 1.62% Jainism by 1.00%, Christianity 0.73%, others, no religion and not stated 0.28%.

Geography and climate

Solapur is located at . It has an average elevation of 458 metres (1502 feet). It is bordered by Ahmednagar district on the north; Osmanabad district on the north and northeast.

Kalaburagi district on the southeast and Bijapur Districts on the south of Karnataka State, Sangli district on the south and southwest; Satara district on the west, and Pune district on the northwest. It is situated at a distance of  from the Maharashtra State Capital of Mumbai by road and train.

Solapur is at a distance of  from Pune and  from Hyderabad. Solapur is situated on the Deccan plateau.

Solapur falls under the category of dry (arid and semiarid) climate according to the Köppen climate classification. The city experiences three distinct seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. Typical summer months are from March to May, with maximum temperatures ranging from . The warmest months in Solapur are April and May. The typical maximum temperatures being  or more. The highest temperature ever recorded is  in May 1988. Although summer does not end until May or even the midst of June, the city often receives locally developed heavy thundershowers in May (although humidity remains high). The monsoon lasts from June to the end of September, with moderate rainfall. The city of Solapur receives an average rainfall of  per year. Winter begins in November and lasts until the end of February, with the temperatures occasionally dropping below . Solapur lies very close to the seismically active zone around Killari, Latur District, about  east of the city.

Civic administration

The civic administration of the city is managed by the Solapur Municipal Corporation, which was established on the Maharashtra Day of 1 May 1964 in the building constructed by Mallappa Warad in 1930. The corporation oversees the engineering works, health, sanitation, water supply, administration and taxation in the city. It is headed by a mayor who is assisted by municipal commissioner and elected representatives. The city is divided into 135 wards and 6 zones. The corporation members also known as corporators are elected by the citizens of Solapur every five years. The corporators, in turn, elect the mayor. Its activities include developing new layouts and roads, town-planning and land-acquisition.
As Solapur is one of the most important city for the transportation towards south and north India, here it's essential for the State and Central Government to develop this District.

Sports

 Tennis - Annually  women's professional tennis ITF Championship held at Solapur, it is known as Solapur Open women's ITF $25K Tennis tournament. It is hard Court tournament, happens at outdoor tennis courts. It is grade T2 championship. 2021 US Open championship Emma Raducanu participated in it in 2019.
 Cricket - Indira Gandhi Stadium in Solapur, formerly known as Park Stadium, hosts Ranji Trophy matches and is the home venue for Maharashtra cricket team.
 Wrestling -  Indian styled wrestling is played in this town and town's wrestlers emerged as victorious in state level tournaments.

Economy
Solapur is located at an important junction of the north–south railway line which provides good transportation infrastructure for trade and industry.  There are a number of medium and small-scale and medium industries found in the district, and it is one of the prime centers of the handloom and powerloom industry, cotton mills and the beedi industry. Rapier Terry Towels is now also an emerging industry in Solapur. Solapur is well known for the bed sheets produced here and has a reputation for the same. Textiles are an important aspect of the economy. As the epic growing part in the industrial sector, Sanghvi Towels are known as the parents of Rapier industries. They introduced the city how to go with the flow of changing demands of the Terry Towels market, following it many business houses have changed to Rapier Industries and now Rapier Chaddar Looms have been also introduced to the weaving sector by Bomdyal Textiles. The city is home to Precision Camshafts Limited one of the largest manufacturers in camshafts in the world. In the agricultural field, the district has a well-established market in oilseeds. The major crops grown in the district include jowar, wheat and sugarcane.

Environment
Solapur is one of the most-polluted cities in Maharashtra due to the effluent chemicals produced as the waste products from the textile industries in its region. As many vehicles in the city utilise diesel fuel, it also generates tremendous smog emitted by sugar factories and heavy textiles industries in the city's suburb. Various efforts are being made by Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB) to reduce air pollution and its environmental effects. The city has launched a GO-GREEN scheme by planting trees in the city and developing greenery with the help of various eco-friendly people in the city.
CNG will be available shortly soon in MIDC Chincholi and some major area in Solapur .

Transport

Rail

Solapur railway station is the main railway hub within the city. The Solapur Railway Division is an important division connecting South India to Western & North west India. Trains from Ahmedabad, Jaipur, New Delhi, Mumbai, Pune etc., ply to Southern states (Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu & Kerala) via Solapur.Government has decided to make solapur railway station as the high tech station in Maharashta.

Hotgi Junction and Kurduvadi Junction are two junction railway stations present in the Solapur district.

Road

Solapur internal city transport is managed by SMT (Solapur Municipal Transport), but the buses operated by SMC are limited to less than 100 buses.

Solapur is well connected by road with major cities of Maharashtra as well as the adjoining State Capital of Hyderabad and important cities in Karnataka by four National Highways – NH 9 highway connecting Pune with Vijaywada via Hyderabad but the Solapur-Omerga stretch of NH65 is a bit uncomfortable as the quality of roads still remains below par/Under construction, Suryapet, NH-52 connecting Solapur to Kaithal, Mangalore, Karnataka and NH-211 connecting Solapur to Dhule. Ratnagiri-Nagpur National highway NH-204 passes through city, connecting Solapur to other important cities in Maharashtra like Nagpur, Sangli, Kolhapur and Nanded. Recently sanctioned National Highways- (Solapur - Kalaburagi) and Ratnagiri-Solapur-Nanded-Yavatmal-Nagpur. (Solapur-Bijapur) Road section in NH-13 is proposed to be improved by its four laning. The Solapur-Aurangabad national highway project is completed recently and the new four laning has reduced the time and cost in travelling from Solapur to Aurangabad.

Air
Solapur Airport (IATA code: SSE) is located to the south of Solapur city. There aren't any scheduled flights operating out of Solapur Airport. Nearest airport is Gulbarga Airport (90 km). The Government of Maharashtra has planned to upgrade the airport but no on ground works has been done till now .

Utility services
The electrical supply to the city is managed by the Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company Limited and water is supplied from the Ujjani Dam on the Bhima River. CNG will be soon available for vehicle in Solapur as well as piped natural Gas will be available for Domestic, Commercial and industrial use.

Radio stations in Solapur
In the Solapur, both the official state channel Air Solapur on a frequency of 103.4 FM and commercial stations such as Radio City (91.1 FM), Big FM (92.7 FM) and Solapur's Only Live Radio Station 95 MYFM by Dainik Bhaskar Group. are broadcast. List of radio stations.

Notable people

History
 Siddheshwar (Siddarameshwara), Prominent Kannada vachanakara of 12th century. He was instrumental in saving the vachana literature from destruction.

Politics
 Vijaysinh Mohite–Patil, former Deputy Chief-Minister of Maharashtra State
 Praniti Shinde, MLA of Solapur City Central Assembly
 Sushilkumar Shinde, former Home Minister of India
 Ganpatrao Deshmukh India's second longest serving legislator(MLA),Peasant's and worker's Party senior leader.

Business
 Ajit Gulabchand, Indian industrialist
 Walchand Hirachand, Indian industrialist and founder of Walchand group

Sports
 Salil Ankola, member of Indian cricket team in 1992 world Cup; Hindi film actor
 Anagha Deshpande, Indian women's cricket player
 Kedar Jadhav, Indian cricketer; plays for Sunrisers Hyderabad in IPL
 Kiran Navgire, Indian woman's cricket player
 Vandana Shanbagh, Arjuna award winner athlete; represented India at 1988 Olympics
 Prarthana Thombare, tennis player and an Olympian. Former No.1 in national women's doubles.
 Polly Umrigar, cricketer who captained India in 8 test matches.

Arts
 Samita Bangargi, a TV show host and actress in Hindi movies
 Achyut Godbole, Maharashtrian Marathi and English writer
 M. F. Husain, a modern Indian painter of international acclaim and a founding member of Bombay Progressive Artists' Group
 Atul Kulkarni, Indian film actor
 Jayadevi Taayi Ligade, is an Indian writer in the Kannada language. She has written Siddarama purana in Kannada and Marathi languages.
 Nagraj Manjule, film director of Marathi movies
 Dr Jabbar Patel, theatre and film director of Marathi and Hindi movies
 Shashikala, an actress in Marathi and Hindi movies

Science
 Dwarkanath Kotnis, among the physicians dispatched to China to provide medical assistance during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1938

References

External links

Solapur Government Site

Smart cities in India
Cities and towns in Solapur district
Cities in Maharashtra

Solapur


The Dobunni were one of the Iron Age tribes living in the British Isles prior to the Roman conquest of Britain. There are seven known references to the tribe in Roman histories and inscriptions.

Various historians and archaeologists have examined the Dobunni, including Stephen J. Yeates in his book The Tribe of Witches (2008), where he suggests that the latter part of the name possibly derives from *bune, a cup or vessel, with a similar meaning to the later tribal name Hwicce; both being related to the recognisable cult of a Romano-British goddess. This view has been sharply criticised by several archaeologists. Archaeologist Miles Russell suggests that their original name may have been "Bodunni", connecting this with the Celtic word *bouda meaning "Victorious", in the sense of "The Victorious Ones".

Territory

The tribe lived in central Britain in an area that today broadly coincides with the English counties of Bristol, Gloucestershire and the north of Somerset, although at times their territory may have extended into parts of what are now Herefordshire, Oxfordshire, Wiltshire, Worcestershire, and Warwickshire. Their capital acquired the Roman name of Corinium Dobunnorum, which is today known as Cirencester.

Their territory was bordered by the Cornovii and Corieltauvi to the North; the Catuvellauni to the East; the Atrebates and Belgae to the South; and the Silures and Ordovices to the West. Some of these suggestions are, however, speculative.

There is evidence for a cult associated with the tribe in the Romano-British period; the evidence being coterminous with the tribe's territory. Sculpture has been found at Gloucester, Cirencester, Nettleton, Bath, Wellow, and Aldsworth.

Iron Age period
The Dobunni were a large group of farmers and craftspeople, living in small villages concentrated in fertile valleys. A major study of the Iron Age material was carried out by Tom Moore.

Remnants of several fortified camps, otherwise known as hillforts, thought to have been occupied by the Dobunni can be seen in the Bristol area at Maes Knoll, Clifton Down, Burwalls and Stokeleigh – all overlooking the Avon Gorge – and at Kingsweston Down and Blaise Castle.

In the late Iron Age period, southern Britain saw the development of sites generally referred to as oppida (towns). An example of such a site has been recognised for some time at Bagendon, near Cirencester. It has now been realised that the Bagendon site was not as important as first thought, as other extensive sites are now known to have existed at places such as Salmonsbury.

Roman period
Dio Cassius referred to the tribe as "Bodunni", probably a misspelling of the Dobunni. Tributary to the Catuvellauni, they capitulated to the invading Romans when Caratacus and Togodumnus withdrew.

Unlike the Silures, their neighbours in what later became southeast Wales, they were not a warlike people and submitted to the Romans even before they reached their lands. Afterwards they readily adopted the Romano-British lifestyle.

Even though the Dobunni were incorporated into the Roman Empire in AD 43, their territory was probably not formed into Roman political units until AD 96–98. The tribal territory was divided into a civitas centred on Cirencester, and the Colonia at Gloucester. The Colonia was established during the reign of the emperor Nerva (AD 96–98).

At the beginning of the 4th century, Britain was reorganised into, initially, four and then five provinces. The Dobunnic territory lay in the province of Britannia Prima, as described in an inscription found at the base of a Jupiter column. The area remained a Roman civitas until approximately 409.

The Dobunnic territory contained two large towns (Corinium Dobunnorum now Cirencester, and Colonia Nerviana Glevum now Gloucester). Besides this there were numerous smaller towns, and many rich villas.

Stephen Yeates asserts that a study of the religion of the Dobunni has shown that there was a focus on the worship of the natural world. It is possible to identify deities associated with the landscape, for example *Cuda, a mother goddess associated with the Cotswold Hills and its rivers and springs, and Sulis Minerva at Bath. Other cults were defined by social action, such as mining, for example at Lydney Park, and hunting, for example at Pagan's Hill near Chew Stoke.

Sub-Roman period
After the collapse of the Roman Provincial Government, the core of this area retained territorial identity until the Battle of Deorham in 577, (regarded by some as a dubious event) when the Saxons made advances as far as the River Severn. These gains were reversed 50 years later when Penda of Mercia fought the West Saxons at the Battle of Cirencester, and the area came under the influence of Mercia as the sub-kingdom of the Hwicce.  It has been suggested that the area retained a distinct identity as a Christian sub-kingdom, instead of being simply absorbed into Pagan Mercia, as a reward for an alliance against the West Saxons; and that this is evidence of a cultural continuity between the Dobunni Civitas and the Hwicce Kingdom.

Coinage

The Dobunni were one of the tribes believed to have issued coins before Roman arrival and the introduction and adoption of Roman currency. Numismatic evidence suggests that the Dobunni kings subdivided their land between a north and south zone, sometimes becoming unified under a single ruler.

A repeated theme of coins ascribed to the Dobunni is a branched emblem appearing on the obverse. The symbol's significance and origins are unclear although corn, ferns and a derivative of the wreath on the British Q stater have all been suggested.

See also
List of Celtic tribes

References

External links
Dobunni at Romans in Britain
Dobunni at Roman-Britain.co.uk
Tom Moore and Richard Reece, Dobunni, Glevensis 34 (2001).

Celtic Britons
Historical Celtic peoples

Dobunni


Bulgaristan'a İslam'ın girişi Anadolu'dan, henüz daha Osmanlı Devleti kurulmadan önce Sarı Saltuk Baba önderliğinde göç eden, göçebe Alevi-Türkmenlerin ülkeye girişiyle başlamıştır. Osmanlı Devleti'nin son dönemlerine kadar Alevi inancı yoğundur, 2. Mahmud ile birlikte Bektaşilik ve diğer Alevi tarikatler yasaklanmış, Anadolu'da olduğu gibi Balkanlar'da da Sünni İslam ve Sünni tarikatlar yayılmaya başlamıştır, günümüzde Sünni Müslümanlar sayıca üstündür. Aleviler toplam Müslümanların yaklaşık %15'ini oluşturmaktadırlar.

Ülkedeki en büyük Müslüman grubu Türkler oluşturmaktadır, etnik dağılıma göre Müslüman milletler şunlardır;

 Türkler - 713,000;
 Pomaklar - 131,000;
 Romanlar - 103,000;
 Diğerleri - 20,000;

Komünist dönemde İslam'a yasak konmuştur fakat 1989 yılı milat olmak üzere büyük özgürlükler verilmiştir yine de İslam'ın Bulgaristan'da tamamiyle özgür olduğu söylenemez, son dönemlerde ATAKA Partisi Sofya'daki Banyabaşı Camii'sinde ezanın susturulması için kampanya başlatmıştır.

Bulgaristan'da İslam


The 1878 Quebec general election was held on May 1, 1878 to elect members of the 4th Legislative Assembly for the Province of Quebec, Canada. The result was a hung parliament, with no party having a clear majority. Only one seat divided the two major parties, the Quebec Conservative Party and the Quebec Liberal Party.  The balance of power was held by two Independent Conservatives.

The incumbent premier, Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, was able to form a minority government with the support of the Independent Conservatives, even though the Conservative Party had one seat more than the Liberals.

Political events

The election was called in unusual circumstances.  On March 8, 1878, the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, Luc Letellier de Saint-Just, dismissed the Conservative premier, Charles Boucher de Boucherville, in a dispute over proposed railway legislation.   The Lieutenant Governor then appointed Joly de Lotbinière, the leader of the Liberals, as premier.  Since the Conservatives still maintained a substantial majority in the Legislative Assembly, on March 22, 1878 Joly de Lotbinière requested the dissolution of the Assembly and a general election, which Letellier de Saint-Just ordered.

The election was fought in part over economic issues and in part over the actions of the Lieutenant Governor, who was criticised by the Conservatives for having installed Joly de Lotbinière by a coup d'état. One of the leading Conservatives, Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, opened his campaign with the slogan:  "Silence the voice of Spencer Wood [the residence of the Lieutenant Governor] and let the mighty voice of the people speak."  Joly de Lotbinière agreed that the people should decide, and campaigned on the slogan "The province must choose between direct taxation and economy."

Following the election results, Joly de Lotbinière was able to stay in office for one year as the leader of a minority government supported by the Independent Conservatives, even though the Conservative Party had one more seat than the Liberals.  In 1879, he was defeated in the Assembly by the Conservatives, who formed a minority government.

Electoral map

The Legislative Assembly was composed of sixty-five single-member constituencies or "ridings".  The 1878 election was conducted under the pre-Confederation electoral map of the former Province of Canada.  That map had set the boundaries for the sixty-five constituencies of Canada East, which became Quebec. The British North America Act, 1867 provided that the pre-Confederation electoral map would continue to be used for Quebec elections until altered by the Legislature of Quebec.  The map of the sixty-five constituencies was also to be used in federal elections, until altered by Parliament.

Conduct of the election

Secret ballot

The election was conducted under The Quebec Election Act, a provincial statute.  It was the second election where the secret ballot was used in Quebec.

Preparation of voter lists

The Act required that each municipality prepare a voter list in March of each year, based on the valuation of property and ownership used for the tax rolls.  The list was drawn up the secretary-treasurer of each municipality.  The municipal council then reviewed the list and could make corrections to it.  Once approved by the municipal council, the list was in force until the preparation of the list in the next year. Any person who was dissatisfied by their inclusion or exclusion from the list could appeal to the local judge of the superior court or district magistrate, whose decision on the issue was final.

Procedure for the election

The election began with a proclamation issued by the Lieutenant Governor of Quebec, setting the date for nomination of candidates.  The date was the same for all constituencies.  The provincial Clerk of the Crown in Chancery then issued sixty-five writs, directed to the Returning Officer for each constituency, directing them to conduct the election. The Returning Officer would be the registrar or sheriff of the constituency.

On the date set for nominations, the Returning Officer would hold a public meeting to receive nominations.  The meeting was conducted at the most central and convenient location in the constituency, in a court house, city hall or registry office, between noon and one o'clock.

To be nominated, a candidate had to file a nomination paper with the Returning Officer, signed by at least twenty-five supporters eligible to vote in the constituency, and accompanied with a deposit of $200.  The nomination paper and deposit had to be filed on or before the nomination meeting.

If only one nomination was received, the Returning Officer would declare that person to be elected, and immediately report the result to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery with the return of the writ. If two or more candidates were nominated, voting would occur one week after the nomination date set in the writ.  The Returning Officer would establish polling stations throughout the constituency.  On polling day, the polls would open in each station and voters would cast their ballots in the locked ballot box.  When the polls closed, the deputy returning officers would unlock the ballot box, count the ballots in the presence of the candidates or their agents, and prepare a record of the vote.  The deputy returning officer would then place all of the records and ballots in the ballot box, lock it, and deliver the ballot box to the Returning Officer.

Once all the ballot boxes were received, the Returning Officer would open all the ballot boxes in the presence of witnesses and total the votes from each polling station.  The Returning Officer would declare the candidate with the most votes elected.  If there was a tie between the top two candidates, the Returning Officer was required to give a written casting vote immediately to decide the election.  In no other circumstances could the Returning Officer vote.

The Returning Officer would then prepare a complete report of the results of the election, along with his return of the writ, and forward it all to the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery.

Results

The election resulted in a hung parliament: neither of the parties had a majority.  Two Independent Conservatives were elected, who held the balance of power.

See also
 List of premiers of Quebec
 Politics of Quebec
 Timeline of Quebec history
 List of political parties in Quebec
 4th Quebec Legislature

References

Quebec general election
Elections in Quebec
General election
Quebec general election

1878 Quebec general election


La Pièce en ut majeur, aussi appelée Contemplation, op. 157, est une œuvre de la compositrice Mel Bonis, datant de 1935.

Composition
Mel Bonis compose sa Pièce en ut majeur pour orgue à pédales. Le manuscrit, dédié à Albert Trotrot-Dériot, porte la date de 1935 et est intitulé . L'œuvre est publiée par la Schola Cantorum la même année. Elle est rééditée par les éditions Carrara en 1971, puis par les éditions Armiane en 2011.

Analyse
L'œuvre porte des éléments de modernité. Le titre est d'une dénomination très en vogue à l'époque. Elle a une structure tripartite de type ABA'.

Réception

Discographie

Références

Sources

Liens externes

Œuvre de Mel Bonis
Œuvre pour orgue
Œuvre réalisée en 1935

Pièce en ut majeur (Contemplation)


Folkets Parti () er et islandsk politisk parti grundlagt af den synshandicappede jurist og X-Factor deltager Inga Sæland, med bedre vilkår for de fattige og handicappede som sine vigtigste mærkesager. Partiet er desuden imod EU-medlemskab, samt tilhængere af en protektionistisk landsbrugs- og fiskeripolitik og en restriktiv indvandrerpolitik.

Folkets Parti stillede op til altingsvalget i 2016., hvor de fik 3,5% af stemmerne og dermed ikke klarede spærregrænsen på 5,0%. Ved altingsvalget året efter fik de 6.9% og kom de ind med fire mandater.

Partiet kom i modvind, da Sæland fremkom med indvandrerkritiske ytringer og optog en fremtrædende indvandrerkritiker på sin kandidatliste ved Altingsvalget i 2017. Sæland tog siden afstand fra disse kommentarer og argumenterede for øget omsorg for flygtninge. New York Times refererede til parti som "kæmpende imod indvandring, fattigdom og korruption".

Valgresultater

Altinget

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger
 Folkets Parti

Politiske partier i Island

Folkets Parti


Bella Savitsky Abzug (født 24. juli 1920 i New York City i New York, død 31. marts 1998 i New York City i New York), hun havde tilnavnet Battling Bella, var en amerikansk advokat, medlem af Repræsentanternes Hus, social aktivist og en leder af kvindebevægelsen.

Advokater fra USA
Kvindernes æresgalleri i USA
Feminister fra USA
Personer fra New York City

Bella Abzug


An Brachiaria meziana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Albert Spear Hitchcock. An Brachiaria meziana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Brachiaria, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Brachiaria

Brachiaria meziana


Rezan Has Lisesi, İstanbul, Küçükyalı'da eğitim veren öğretim kurumu.

Tarihçe
1967-1968 öğretim yılında 5298 m² bahçe içinde 1500 m² kapalı alan (Derslik, kapalı spor salonu, müzik odası, resim atölyesi, iş bilgisi odası, laboratuvar, kantin, televizyon ve video salonu) üzerinde ortaokul olarak öğretime başlamıştır. Çevrenin artan ihtiyacı karşısında 1973-1974 öğretim yılında 50. Yıl Küçükyalı Lisesi olarak öğretime geçmiştir.

1986-1987 öğretim yılında Kadir Has tarafından yaptırılan Kadir Has Lisesi'nin eğitime başlaması üzerine bünyesindeki liseyi bu kuruma aktarmış, ortaokul olarak eğitim-öğretime devam etmiştir.

1986 yılında iş insanı Kadir Has'ın eşi Rezan Has'ın büyük çapta ortaokulu restore etmesiyle kendi ismi verilerek Rezan Has Ortaokulu olmuştur. Yine çevrenin liseye olan talebinin artması üzerine 1993-1994 öğretim yılında kademeli olarak liseye dönüşmüştür. Bugün ise 1300 öğrenciyi barındıran 18 dersliği, laboratuvarı, bilgisayar odası, kütüphanesi, resim odası, müzik odası, kapalı spor salonu, 5 idare odası, öğretmenler odası, memur odası, dernek odası ve doğalgazla ısınan büyük bir komplekstir.

Başarılar
Türkiye'de ilke imza atan okul 1985-1986 öğretim yılında Kız Voleybol Takımı olarak 50. Yıl Küçükyalı Lisesi adıyla Dünya Şampiyonu olmuştur.

Dış bağlantılar

Maltepe'deki liseler
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan sayfalar

Rezan Has Lisesi


Mathias Tanner, né le  à Pilsen, en Bohème (Tchéquie) et décédé le  à Prague, est un prêtre jésuite tchèque, théologien, historien et écrivain. Il occupa plusieurs fonctions de gouvernement parmi les Jésuites de Tchéquie.

Biographie
Né, en 1630, à Pilsen, dans la Bohême, il entre dans l'ordre jésuite à seize ans (23 septembre 1646) et fait son noviciat à Brno (Moravie). A la fin de sa formation spirituelle et académique le jeune Mathias est ordonné prêtre (probablement) en 1659, à Prague. Son premier poste est à Olomouc où il enseigne l'éthique et la philosophie (1662-1670) et également et la théologie à Prague à partir de 1668.

De 1671 à la fin de sa vie le père Tanner fut supérieur religieux des Jésuites de son pays dans différentes maisons et institutions. A Prague, il fut par deux fois recteur (1671-1672, 1682-1686) du collège Saint-Ignace et recteur (1672-1675) de l'Université (le 'Clementinum'), deux fois supérieur (1679-1682, 1689-1692) de la maison professe, et deux fois Supérieur provincial (1676-1679 et 1686-1689). S'il a enseigné la philosophie à Olomouc le père Tanner est surtout connu comme professeur de théologie et d'Écriture Sainte. En tant que provincial des Jésuites il visita Rome en 1675.

Il publia un traité en l'honneur de l'Eucharistie. Fréquemment engagé dans des controverses avec les protestants il défend dans son Dialogus controversisticus de 1669) la possibilité qu'un pasteur protestant converti au catholicisme  puisse être ordonné prêtre du vivant de sa femme (avec son consentement).

Ses œuvres historiques ne sont pas originales, elles dépendent de recherches faites par d'autres. C'est pourtant ces écrits-là qui perpétuent sa mémoire. Il était également très zélé comme prédicateur, de confesseur et directeur de 'congrégations mariales' et conseiller de ceux qui se tournaient vers lui. Il a été le premier supérieur à permettre l'admission du tchèque aux examens, « parce que la langue tchèque », disait-il « est très importante dans la province ». Son frère aîné, Jan Tanner, était également jésuite.

Écrits
Le père Tanner était grand promoteur de la langue tchèque dont il permettait l'usage lors des examens. Il laissa également quelques opuscules en langue tchèque, parmi lesquels on cite une histoire du mont Olivet (près de Stambourg, en Moravie).

Cruentum Christi sacrificium incruento missæ sacrificio explicatum, Prague, 1666.
Dialogus controversisticus, Prague, 1669.
Societas Jesu usque ad sanguinis et vitæ profusionem in Europa, Asia, Africa et America militans ; sive vitæ et mortes eorum qui in causa fidei interfecti sunt, ibid., 1675, in-fol., fig.
 Historia societ. Jesu ; sive vitæ et gesta præclara PP. Soc., ibid., 1694.

Notes et références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Naissance en février 1630
Naissance à Plzeň
Décès en février 1692
Décès à Prague
Jésuite tchèque
Personnalité bohémienne du XVIIe siècle
Décès à 61 ans

Mathias Tanner


Étienne Bertrand Weill (né le  à Paris et mort le  à Jérusalem) est un photographe franco-israélien.

Il s'est illustré dans la photographie abstraite, dont il a été l'un des pionniers/maîtres avec ses Métaformes, dont certaines ont été acquises par des musées français et étrangers.

Biographie

Jeunesse
Né en 1919 à Paris dans un milieu juif assimilé, il est le fils de Raphaël Weill (traducteur de littérature anglaise) et de Jeanne Ullmann, mère au foyer. Il est tôt attiré par l'art, mais ayant un frère aîné et deux oncles peintres, Louis Ullmann et Édouard Moyse (1827-1907), il se tourne vers la photographie qu'il étudie à l'École nationale de photographie et de cinéma Louis Lumière.

Pendant la guerre
En 1942, il s'engage dans la Résistance où ses talents de dessinateur lui permettent de faire des faux-papiers pour sauver des enfants puis il rejoint le maquis des Éclaireurs israélites de France. À la fin de la guerre il poursuit le combat dans la Première armée des Vosges et en Alsace.

En 1942, sa mère sera arrêtée et internée à Drancy, puis assassinée le 25 mars 1943  à Sobibór .

Les débuts de la carrière
Dès son retour à la vie civile, la photographie représente son nouvel engagement, nourri par des intérêts divers : photographies d'architecture, d'art – en devenant surtout le photographe attitré de Jean Arp, et humaniste. Ces photographies seront publiées dans des revues telles L'Architecture d'aujourd'hui, dirigée par André Bloc, ou Cahiers d'Art de Christian Zervos. Il réalise des portraits (Jean-Paul Sartre, Eugène Ionesco, des reportages dans le monde ouvrier (La vie d'un métallo parisien, La fanfare de Renault, La manif…)

C'est sa rencontre avec le mime Marcel Marceau en 1947 qui marque une étape fondatrice dans son itinéraire, l'orientant vers la photographie de mime puis de théâtre et de danse. Il sera le seul photographe accepté par Étienne Decroux, travaillera également avec Jean-Louis Barrault, Madeleine Renaud.

Les Métaformes, œuvres de la maturité
Photographier des corps en mouvement l'amène à concevoir un dispositif très simple, riche de possibilités plastiques — un mobile qu'il met en mouvement et éclaire pour le photographier. À partir des années 1960, avec les Métaformes, le nom qu'il donnera aux œuvres ainsi élaborées, il devient l'un des maîtres de la photographie abstraite et s'inscrit ainsi dans l'art cinétique, l'un des grands mouvements artistiques de la modernité. Il présente l'une de ces œuvres pour la première fois dans une exposition organisée par le groupe Espace en 1957 à Biot.

Ces métaformes, véritables «musiques pour les yeux» selon Maurice Fleuret, le conduiront à pousser sa recherche vers la composition de suites cinétiques associées à la musique, dans un rapport non illustratif mais visant à ouvrir un imaginaire ici détaché de la réalité; elles seront également parties intégrantes de concerts-spectacles, de récitals de poésie, de spectacles de danse et de mime, présentés au: Musée d'art moderne de la Ville de Paris en 1971 et 1976, Théâtre de la Ville à Paris (où en 1971, l'une de ses suites cinétiques fait prélude à Hymnen, de Stockhausen, chorégraphie du Ballet contemporain, dans une scénographie de Gérard Fromanger), l'Opéra de Paris, où en 1979, fut créé Diachronies, musique de Béla Bartók, chorégraphie de Janine Charrat, scénographie et costumes d'Étienne Bertrand Weill, ainsi que dans de nombreux festivals internationaux. Il réalisera également un court métrage expérimental, produit par l'ORTF, Variations I & II, qui a reçu une mention spéciale au festival de Jérusalem du film d'amateur et du court métrage.

Parallèlement, de 1975 à 1986, il enseigne la photographie à l'Université Panthéon-Sorbonne et fera partie du jury de l'agrégation d'Arts plastiques.

Vie personnelle
Il épouse Jacqueline Marguliès en 1948, et cinq filles naissent de ce mariage. Le couple s'installe définitivement à Jérusalem en 1987, où Étienne Bertrand Weill continue à travailler jusqu'à sa mort en 2001.

Expositions posthumes
 2002 Hommage à Étienne Bertrand Weill, Centre Suzanne Dellal, Tel-Aviv, Israël
 2005 Centre Culturel de la Visitation, dans le cadre du Festival Mimos Exposition de photographies d'Étienne Decroux faites par Étienne Bertrand Weill, Périgueux
 2005 «L'œil moteur», art optique et cinétique, Musée d'Art Moderne de Strasbourg
 2008 Acteurs en scène, Bibliothèque nationale de France
 2008 "Etienne Bertrand Weill 1919-2001 - Lumières et Mouvements", Galerie Hautefeuille, Paris
 2012 Vertige du corps, BnF François-Mitterrand, Paris
 2014 Maria Wettergren Gallery, Paris
 2015 «La photographie française du », Pordenone, Italie
 2016 Trajets de Lumière, Maria Wettergren Gallery, Paris
 2017  Exposition "Le Pouvoir du geste" avec un hommage au mime Marcel Marceau, un Musée pour le mime, Strasbourg
 2019 Vers d'autre rives, Maria Wettergren Gallery, Paris
 2021 Noir & Blanc, Grand Palais, Paris

Principales expositions personnelles
 1956 Galerie d'Orsay, Paris Le monde du théâtre
 1957 Première exposition d'une metaforme avec le groupe Espace
 1957 Librairie Al ferro di Cavallo, Rome, Italie
 1957 Centre Français d'Études et d'Information, Milan, Italie
 1957 Galerie Lilienhof, Fribourg en Brisgau
 1962 Maison des Beaux Arts, Paris: Métaformes,
 1962 Université de Sarrebruck, Allemagne fédérale
 1964 Institut Français de Cologne
 1964 Université de Sarrebruck, Allemagne
 1964 Salon d'Art Sacré: Magnificat
 1964 Alliance Française de Buenos-Ayres: ''Libre Expression"
 1964 Ambassade de France, Tel-Aviv, Israël
 1966 Cloître de la Cathédrale de Vaison la Romaine
 1968 Semaine culturelle de Bolbec, Lillebonne et N.D. de Gravenchon
 1969 Palais de l'Europe, Menton
 1971 Théâtre Récamier, Jean-Louis Barrault, Paris
 1972 Musée d'Holstebro, Danemark
 1973 Galerie Knoll, Nîmes
 1973 Festival de Collias
 1975 Inaugurations du Nouveau Centre des Arts et Loisirs du Vésinet
 1975 Ambassade de France, Tel-Aviv, Israël
 1976 Galerie Saint Roch
 1976 Aéroport d'Orly
 1976 Galerie Lilienhof, Fribourg en Brisgau
 1977 C.A.E.S.-C.N.R.S. Meudon-Bellevue
 1978 Ambassade de France, New-York
 1978 Musée Guimet, Paris
 1978 Musée de Poitiers
 1980 Musée des Beaux Arts, Besançon
 1980-1982 Universités américaines de Georgie, de Murcie, du Kansas de Pennsylvanie, de l'État de New-York.
 1980-1982 Centres Culturels du Maine, de Caroline du Nord, de Californie et du Wisconsin.
 1983 "Le mime Étienne Decroux et son École", Métaformes, Cinémathèque de Montréal.
 1978 Théâtre de Winnipeg, Canada
 1989 Théâtre de Chicago (mime et théâtre)
 1993 Festival du Movement Theater International et Galerie Esther Klein, Philadelphie

Principales exposition collectives
 1946 to 1959 E.B.Weill participe à tous les salons nationaux et internationaux du Cabinet des Estampes (Bibliothèque Nationale) et de la Société Française de Photographie
 1949  Salon National de la Photographie
 1950  Salon National de la Photographie,
 1950  Salon International d'Art Photographique
 1950 Société Française de Photographie
 1951  Salon International d'Art Photographique
 1951 Société Française de Photographie
 1951  Salon National de la Photographie
 1953  Salon National de la Photographie
 1953  Salon des Artistes Décorateurs
 1954  Salon des Artistes Décorateurs
 1955  Salon National de la photographie
 1956  Salon National de la Photographie
 1957 Salon International de Bièvres
 1958 Exposition collective Membre du Groupe Espace, Biot.
 1958 Librairie Galerie Eliane Norberg, Paris Masques & Photographies avec Thérèse Le Prat & Nina Vidrovitch
 1959  Biennale Internationale du Centre National de la Photographie
 1963 "Laboratoire des Arts`', participation à l'équipe dirigée par Jean-Louis Renucci,
 1963 Premier prix de la Biennale de Paris
 1965 Expressions photographiques 65
 1965 Groupe Libre expression
 1966 Salon d'Art Sacré
 1966 Interpress-Photo 66, Exposition Internationale, Moscou
 1966 Alliance Française de Buenos-Ayres, Libre Expression
 1966 International exhibition of pictorial photography, Édimbourg
 1967 Exposition d'Art cinétique, organisée par Frank Popper au Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris
 1968  Festival de la Photographie, Besançon
 1968 Cinétisme, Spectacle, environnement, Grenoble
 1968  de l'image, Exposition de Gens d'images au Théâtre de l'Ouest Parisien, Boulogne Billancourt
 1969 Espace et Lumière, Exposition de la Société des Artistes Décorateurs, Grand Palais, Paris
 1969 Salon des Artistes Décorateurs Le vent se lève
 1970 Projet du groupe ''Laboratoire des Arts'' pour l'animation du Pavillon Français à Osaka
 1970 Festival Européen de l'image photographique, Pau octobre 70
 1970 Le Dynamisme, Premier salon franco-belge, Werwicq-sud
 1971 Exposition des scénographies du Ballet Théâtre Contemporain, Grenoble, Angers, Rennes, Reims et huit pays d'Amérique Latine
 1971  Salon Franco Belge
 1971-72 Exposition itinérante organisée par Valentine Faugère à Nairobie (Kenya), Blantyre(Malawi ), Dar es Salam (Tanzanie), Accra (Ghana), Cotonou (Bénin), Lomé (Togo), Tananarive (Madagascar)
 1973  Festival d'Art contemporain de Royan
 1975 Espace et Lumière, Aspects de la recherche photographique
 1975 "Les peintres Musicalistes``, Galerie Hexagramme, Paris Exposition itinérante en Australie, Nouvelle Calédonie, à l'Ile Maurice, au Malawi, Dahomey
 1975 Biennale du Noir et Blanc, La Garenne Colombes
 1976 Biennale d'Ibizza
 1976 Paris de rêves
 1976 Expositions Nationales de Biot
 1977 Festival de Théâtre Musical de Poitiers «L'espace et les Espaces
 1977 Festival Européen de l'image photographique, Pau
 1977 Inauguration du Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris
 1979 Les photographes de l'Imaginaire", Palais de la découverte, Paris
 1979 Palazzo dell'Arte, Panorama della fotografia francese'', Club des 30x40, Milano, Italie
 1979 Paris Libre Expression V
 1982 Une autre photographie", Maison des Arts, Créteil
 1983 Salon des Photographes professionnels, Porte de Versailles
 1984 La photographie créative", Pavillon des Arts au Forum des Halles
 1985-87 Le Bougé, Edimbourg, Londres, Musée de Beaune, Australie
 1987 Le temps d'un mouvement``, Musée d'Art moderne de Paris
 1999 Exposition Renaud Barrault dans la Galerie de l'Hôtel de Ville, Paris

Principaux concerts et spectacles
 Soirées Musique pour les Yeux, Concerts-spectacles, Films,
 Projections pour des Spectacles de Poésie et de Danse
 1964 Variations I & II', métaformes d'Étienne Bertrand Weill, musique Gilbert Amy, film , produit par le Service de la Recherche de l'ORTF.
 1964 Projection de Variations Centre Culturel de Royaumont et a l'Institut Français de Cologne.
 1965 Théâtre du Vieux Colombier Paris, soirée poétique de Bernard Mermod et création du ''Bateau Ivre'', poe d`Arthur Rimbaud.
 1965 Institut Français de Sarrebruck : Variation I & II et du Bateau Ivre,
 1965 Festival de Vaison la Romaine, projections pour Sol de Compiègne', poe de Robert Desnos.
 1966 Université de Fribourg en Brisgau, Projections pour la Ballade de l`Etranger, mimodrame de Charles Bensoussan
 1968 Centre International de Séjour, Paris, projections de Anaklasis, musique de Penderecki
 1969 Palais de l'Europe à Menton, création de la Fête des Belles Eaux', Projections pour la musique d'Olivier Messian et d'Adagio et la musique de Bela Bartok
 1969 Théâtre de la Musique, Paris, en collaboration avec Jacques Noël, projections pour Bip dans la vie moderne et future de Marcel Marceau, *
 1970 Dixie Festival International de l'Image, Epinal: Grand prix Leitz France pour Adagio
 1970 Maison de la Culture de Grenoble prélude de projections pour Hymnen, musique de Stockhausen dansé par le Ballet Théâtre Contemporain *
 1971 Théâtre de la Ville, Paris, reprise de Hymnen', projections sur  de base ; ce spectacle tournera ensuite dans diverses Maisons de la Culture en France et dans toute l'Amérique Latine
 1971 Semaines Musicales Internationales de Paris, création de Dorian Horizon, musique de Toru Taqkemitsu
 1971 ''Musique pour les Yeux'', présenté par Maurice Fleuret à l'ARC, Musée de la Ville de Paris
 1972 Musée d'Holstebro, Danemark: ''Musique pour les Yeux''
 1972 Graphexpo, Paris, Projections dans une structure gonflable-
 1973 Festival de Collias: concert-spectacle avec le Trio Deslogéres, ''Vision des Temps Immémoriaux'', musique d'Antoine Tisné et d'un mouvement du ''Quatuor pour la Fin du Temps'', musique d'Olivier Messian-
 1974 Rencontre Internationales d'Arles, concert-spectacle avec le Trio Deslogères, création de''Tarquinia'', musique de Charles Chaysnes
 1974 Festival d'Amboise, création de ''Rondo Mobile'', musique de Marcel Goldmann, chorégraphie d'Alain Davesne
 1974 Festival Estival de Paris : ''Musique pour les Yeux''
 1975 Théâtre des Champs Élysées projections pour Bip dans la Vie moderne et future, Spectacle Marcel Marceau
 1976 Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris : Nouvelle soirée ''Musique pour les Yeux'', création de Rhétos, musique d'Hubert Stuppner et de Chtaslivi, Musique de Solange Ancona, danse Muriel Jaër
 1977 Tournée de concerts-spectacles avec le Trio Deslogères en Israël : Musée de Tel-Aviv Université de Jérusalem,
 1977 Centre Culturel de Chatillon sous Bagneux: Nouvelle soirée ''Musique pour les Yeux'', création du Trio en Quatorze Variations, musique de Beethoven
 1977 Musée Guimet, au cours d'un concert de l'ACIC, présentation de Chtaslivi et de Dorian Horizon
 1977 Centre Mandapa, Paris :''' quatre soirées de danse et projections avec Muriel Jaër
 1977 Festival du Théâtre Musical de Poitiers : spectacle Muriel Jaër et Étienne Bertrand Weill
 1977 Troisie ''Festival de Bolzano'', Italie et Deuxie ''Automne Musical de Come'' Italie:
 1978 Projections pour la Danse du Feu dans "L'Amour Sorcier", musique de Manuel de Falla, chorégraphie de Raphaël Agilar présenté à la Maison de la Culture d'Amiens, en Allemagne, en Hollande et Autriche
 1978 Semaines Musicales Internationales d'Orléans "Musique pour les Yeux"` avec le Trio Deslogères et Muriel Jaër*
 1979 "Diachronies" pour le Ballet National de l'Opéra, musique de Béla Bartók, chorégraphie de Janine Charrat, scénographie images et costumes d'Étienne Bertrand Weill.
 1981 Centre Culturel du Soleil d'Or, Paris: Spectacle Danse, projections Muriel Jaër Étienne Bertrand Weill, projections ''Chant Silencieux''
 1981 Semaines Musicales Internationales d'Orléans; musique, danse et projections avec Muriel Jaër, le Trio Deslogères et Étienne Bertrand Weill: prélude en silence, Hymnen, Rhétos, Tarquinia, Chtaslivi
 1982 ''Shadow of a Mind'', projections pour un spectacle de mime de T. Daniel à Chicago
 1982 Projections pour ''Combat dans les Ténèbres'' de Marcel Marceau au Théâtre des Champs Élysées, Paris
 1982 Participation au Festival International de l'Avant-garde, FIAG, Paris
 1982 ''Heures musicales de Vernon'', concert spectacle avec le Trio Deslogères, création de Tarquinia ( mouvement)
 1982 Centre Geoges Pompidou: Trente ans de cinéma expérimental en France: projection de ''Variations I & II''
 1983 Participation au Festival: ''Trente années de Cinéma Expérimental en France'', Centre Pompidou, Paris, Lyon, Lille, Montréal
 1983 Projections à l'Université du Québec, Montréal et au Théâtre de Winnipeg
 1983 "Shadow of a Mind" est présenté au Festival International d'Istanbul et à Lubliana..
 1984 ''Future Shokk'' à Winnipeg, images et scénographie pour un spectacle de Giuseppe Condello
 1985 ''Interférences'', recherche visuelle et musicale avec Marie-Françoise Lacaze au Colloque International ''Corps, Espace, Temps'' à Marly-le-Roi
 1990 Théâtre de Jérusalem, 22 mars: Tsoar
 1991 Pau (France) juillet: ''Interférence, Penderecki'', ''Zeloa'' Musique de M.F.Lacaze
 1992 Habama, 30 janvier à Jerusalem: Penderecki, Alliance Française à Jérusalem: Bartok, Penderecki, Bethoven
 1994 Auditorium du Musée d'Israël, Jérusalem ;mars Soirée: ''Musique pour les Yeux''
 1998 ''Tsaadim': Chorégraphie et danse Tamara Mielnick, Musique de Steve Peskoff, Création visuelle d'Étienne Bertrand Weill, (cinq représentations salle Gérard Behar à Jérusalem)
 1999 Six spectacles de "Tsaadim" à Jérusalem et deux au Centre Suzanne Dellal à Tel Aviv

Bibliographie (sélection)
 Jean Hermann, Les Métaformes d'Étienne Bertrand Weill, Jeune photographie N° 58, janvier 1958.
 E.B.Weill, Les Métaformes, Aujourd'hui, art et architecture, N° 35, février 1962.
 Jacques Michel, Réalités invisibles, Le Monde, 30 mars 1962.
 H.Galy-Carles, Weill Aujourd'hui, art et architecture, N° 37, avril 1962.
 Jean Arp "Un Commerce de Lumières forgé avec le Surnaturel", publié dans ''Jours Effeuillés'' N.R.F. Paris 1966, page 157.
 Baum und Zeit im Bild vereint, Badishe Volkeszeitung, 8 avril 1965.
 Michel F.Braive : La photographie dans le mouvement artistique actuel Connaissance des Arts, Paris, novembre 1965.
 Frank Popper, Naissance de l'Art Cinétique, page 45.Editions Gautier Villars, Paris, 1967,
 Frank Popper, Les Métaformes d'Étienne Bertrand Weill, Plaisir de France, N° 44, juin 1969.
 Métaformes et suites cinétiques, XVe anniversaire de Gens d'Images, 1969.
 Jean Claude Gautrand, Étienne Bertrand Weill, sculpteur de lumière, Photo Tribune N° 1, 1970.
 Léon Abramovicz, Étienne Bertrand Weill, Métaformes, Tribune Juive, mars 1971.
 Charles Dobzinski, Le monde inconnu de Métaformes, Les Lettres Françaises, N° 1419, 19 janvier 1972.
 Entretien avec Étienne Bertrand Weill 1969, publié à l'occasion de Graphexpo 1972.
 Étienne Bertrand Weill; Images of trajectories of mobiles by means of photographs and cinema: Metaforms, Leonardo, pp. 301-306, Vol. 5,
 Pergamon Press Oxford, New_York 1972
 Kinetic Art, theory and practice by Frank Malina, Dover publications inc. New-York, 1974.
 Regards sur la photographie créative française, Photographie Nouvelle, N° 59, 1972, Paris.
 Roberto A. Salbitani :Étienne Bertrand Weill, Progresso Photographico, Milan N° 4, avril 1974.
 Gilbert Béville, Les Métaformes d'Étienne Bertrand Weill Revue Française de l'Electricité, N° 252, 1976.
 E.B.Weill, Intervention au sujet du film d'Agam au Colloque des Intellectuels Juifs de langue française, ''Le modèle de l'Occident'', actes du Colloque, 1976.
 Martine Voyeux: La photo spectacle, interview d'Étienne Bertrand Weill, Photocinéma, N° 72, octobre 1978.
 Joëlle Naïm, Étienne Bertrand Weill, L'Arche, N° 517, mars 2001
 L'œil moteur, art optique et cinétique, Musée d'Art Moderne de Strasbourg 2005
 Lapelletrie Fabrice: Diplôme d'études d'Art, 2010
 Lapelletrie Fabrice: Le spectacle musical de Métaformes. Revue d'Histoire de l'Art, Paris N° 62
 Étienne Bertrand Weill, danseur d'images | Cosimo Chiarelli - Academia.edu

Notes et références

Liens externes

Photographe israélien
Photographe français du XXe siècle
Photographe de danse
Naissance en novembre 1919
Naissance dans le 16e arrondissement de Paris
Décès en janvier 2001
Décès à Jérusalem
Décès à 81 ans

Étienne Bertrand Weill


سانت فوي سيلفري هي إحدى دوائر الثمانية في مدينة كيبك.

تم إنشاء الدائرة في 2002 بعد مشروع إعادة تنظيم كيبك. مدينة سيلفري وأغلب مساحة مدينة سانت فوي تشكلان هده الدائرة.
سانت فوي سيلفري تقع في الجنوب الغربي من دائرة كيبك المحافظة بموازاة نهر سانت لورانت وتضم الدائرة الأحياء التالية
 المدينة الجامعية
 سيلفري
 سانت لويس، كيبك
 بلاتو
 نقطة سانت فوي

تعتبر الدائرة كمدخل مدينة كيبك لكثرة الجسور فيه.

اصل التسمية

سانت فوي
في 1669 قام الاب شومونوت بتاسيس لي هورونس من اجل تكريم نوتر دام دي فوي التي ماتت في القرن الثالث بعد مدة تعديب طويلة من قبل الإمبراطور ماكسيميان قرب طريق فالون.

سيلفري
في 1678 نويل برولارت دي سيلفري وهو أحد فرسان القديس يوحنا قام باول رحلة مالطية إلى موقع سيلفري لدى سمي تيمنا به.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 Page de l'arrondissement sur le site de la ville de Québec

مدينة كيبك

سانت فوي سيلفري


How Soon Is Now? ist ein Lied der britischen Rockband The Smiths. Ursprünglich war es nur als B-Seite der Single William, It Was Really Nothing im Jahre 1984 veröffentlicht worden, wurde aber im darauffolgenden Jahr im Vereinigten Königreich als eigenständige Single aus dem Album Meat Is Murder ausgekoppelt. 2007 nannte Co-Autor Johnny Marr How Soon Is Now? in einem Interview mit der Musikzeitschrift Uncut das wohl langlebigste Lied der Band. Obwohl es sich von anderen Liedern von The Smiths unterscheidet, zählt es bis heute zu ihren bekanntesten Stücken. Viel Lob erhielt die Band für den Liedtext von How Soon Is Now?. Dennoch erzielte das Lied nicht so gute Chartpositionen, wie Marr und Morrissey erwartet hatten.

Entstehung
Johnny Marr schrieb das Lied im Juni 1984 und nahm es im Juli desselben Jahres in den Londoner Jam Studios auf. Der Aufbau des Liedes ist recht simpel: Es besteht lediglich aus einer Strophe, die zweimal wiederholt wird, sowie einem Refrain und einer Bridge. Besonders markant ist der Gitarrenklang zu Beginn des Liedes, der schnell anschwillt und an Lautstärke zunimmt.

Veröffentlichung
Rough Trade Records, das Plattenlabel der Gruppe, lehnte eine Veröffentlichung von How Soon Is Now? als Single zunächst ab, da Konzernchef Geoff Travis den Klang des Stücks für nicht repräsentativ für die anderen Lieder der Band hielt. Daher erschien es im August 1984 nur als B-Seite der Single William, It Was Really Nothing und im November auf dem Kompilationsalbum Hatful of Hollow. In den Vereinigten Staaten hingegen erschien das Lied über Sire Records als Single mitsamt Musikvideo, erreichte aber nicht die Charts. Geoff Travis hatte eigentlich damit gerechnet, dass das Lied sich zu einem Top-10-Hit entwickeln würde, und erklärte den Nicht-Einstieg in die US-Charts mit schlechter Promotion. Auch Morrissey zeigte sich enttäuscht über das schlechte Abschneiden der Single in den USA.

Trotz des Misserfolgs in Übersee wurde How Soon Is Now? am 28. Januar 1985 schließlich in Großbritannien als eigenständige Single veröffentlicht. Doch auch in den britischen Charts schnitt das Lied schlechter ab als erwartet und erreichte nur Platz 24 der UK Top 40. John Porter, Produzent der Single, führte als Hauptgrund für den erneuten Misserfolg an, dass alle The-Smiths-Fans das Lied bereits kennen würden und die Single daher nicht kauften. Warner Bros. Records veröffentlichte die Single im September 1992 erneut in Großbritannien, diesmal erreichte sie Platz 16 der UK Singlecharts.

Musikvideo
Sire Records fertigte ein unautorisiertes Musikvideo zur Promotion des Liedes an. Es besteht aus Videoausschnitten von Liveauftritten der Band und zeigt außerdem ein tanzendes Mädchen und den Industriekomplex einer Stadt. Der Band selbst gefiel das Musikvideo nicht, und Morrissey und Marr versuchten eine Veröffentlichung zu verhindern. Als das Plattenlabel mit der Aufkündigung des Künstlervertrages drohte, fügten sich beide schließlich.

Coverversionen
Im Laufe der Jahre wurde das Stück mehrfach gecovert. Die US-amerikanische Band Love Spit Love nahm das Lied für den Soundtrack zum Film Der Hexenclub auf. Später wurde diese Coverversion als Titelmusik der Fernsehserie Charmed – Zauberhafte Hexen verwendet. Im Jahr 2000 coverte die Rockband Snake River Conspiracy den Titel und erreichte damit Platz 38 der Modern Rock Track Charts des Billboard Magazine, sowie im Folgejahr Platz 83 in den britischen Singlecharts. Am erfolgreichsten war die Coverversion des russischen Gesangsduos t.A.T.u.

Coverversion von t.A.T.u.
t.A.T.u. coverten das Lied auf ihrem ersten englischsprachigen Album 200 km/h in the Wrong Lane, das Ende 2002 weltweit veröffentlicht wurde. Am 6. Juli 2003 wurde How Soon Is Now? als dritte und letzte Single des Albums ausgekoppelt und erschien in Europa und Russland. Als B-Seite ist das Stück Ne wer, ne boisja enthalten, mit dem t.A.T.u. beim Eurovision Song Contest 2003 den dritten Platz belegten. Am 20. Februar 2007 erschien die CD A Tribute to The Smiths, auf der t.A.T.u.s Coverversion von How Soon Is Now? als Titelsong enthalten ist.

Musikvideo
In Anlehnung an das Musikvideo von The Smiths besteht auch das Musikvideo zu t.A.T.u.s Coverversion aus Videozusammenschnitten. Zu sehen ist das Duo bei Liveauftritten in Osteuropa, in ihrem Alltagsleben sowie während der Studioaufnahmen zum Lied. Es wurde von den beiden Sängerinnen Jelena Katina und Julija Wolkowa selbst zusammengestellt und ist damit das erste Musikvideo des Duos, bei dem nicht deren Manager Iwan Schapowalow Regie führte. Das Musikvideo war jedoch nicht sehr erfolgreich und wurde kaum von europäischen oder russischen Musiksendern gespielt.

Kritik
Die Meinungen über t.A.T.u.s Coverversion gingen weit auseinander. Während Johnny Marr sie als "einfach blöd" bezeichnete, nannte Morrissey sie "absolut großartig". James Delingpole vom Daily Telegraph bezeichnete t.A.T.u.s Coverversion sogar als "besser als das Original".

Erfolg
t.A.T.u.s letzte Single von ihrem englischsprachigen Debütalbum war mäßig erfolgreich. In Deutschland und Österreich erreichte die Single die Top-40, in der Schweiz die Top-30. Am erfolgreichsten war das Lied in Nordosteuropa: In Russland und Schweden schaffte es How Soon Is Now? auf Platz zehn, in Finnland auf Platz acht der Hitparade. Ebenfalls die Charts erreichen konnte das Lied in Australien (Platz 37), in den Niederlanden (Platz 20) und Belgien (Platz 27). In Großbritannien konnte sie sich nicht in den Charts platzieren, während sie in Japan Platz 56 der Radio-Airplay Charts erreichte und sich in diesen fünf Wochen lang hielt.

Chartplatzierungen

Einzelnachweise

Lied 1985
Rocksong
The Smiths
T.A.T.u.-Lied

How Soon Is Now?


A greve da Polícia Rodoviária Federal de 2008 foi uma greve dos sindicatos categoria durante o governo Lula que exigia reajuste salarial, aumento do número de vagas na corporação e a exigência de ensino superior para a ingressão no órgão.

A PRF passava por problemas históricos pela falta de aumento do efetivo, e os sindicatos passaram a exigir reparações através de ameaças de greve. O governo Lula aceitou algumas das propostas junto com outras exigências feitas por sindicatos de outras áreas, como o Ministério da Educação e as Forças Armadas, através da Medida Provisória (MP) nº 431/08, mas após a paralisação na volta do feriado de Corpus Christi e as greves que se sucederam, acabou por aceitar quase todas as exigências do setor. No fim, a MP sofreu 260 alterações através de emendas parlamentares.

Contexto
Até então, a Polícia Rodoviária Federal era uma das piores remuneradas entre as carreiras públicas de nível superior. A diferença salarial entre a PRF e a Polícia Federal era de 47%. Além disso, houve uma grande expansão da malha rodoviária brasileira e do número de veículos, mas o efetivo da PRF quase não aumentou desde os anos 70, contando com apenas cerca de 10 mil agentes por todos o país. A categoria passou a ficar sobrecarregada e surgiu um sentimento de falta de reconhecimento.

O Diretor-Geral da Polícia Rodoviária Federal (PRF), Hélio Cardoso Derenne, assumiu em 2003 após a exoneração do general Álvaro Henrique Vianna de Moraes, que foi acusado de se envolver em uma série de escândalos, incluindo superfaturamento, descumprimento de decisão judicial e destruição de provas. Derenne, porém, tinha cargo mantido por contatos com o PMDB da região Sul do país, e foi quotado para ser candidato a prefeito em Balneário Camboriú.

Reivindicações

 Reajuste da tabela salarial
 Aumento do número de vagas na PRF
 Exigência de nível superior para ingressar na organização

MP nº 431/08
Em dezembro de 2007, o Governo Federal já havia assinado um Termo de Compromisso prometendo cumprir as exigências da categoria. No dia 3 de fevereiro de 2008, o Ministro da Justiça Tarso Genro admitiu a falta de efetivo e anunciou a criação de 3 mil vagas na PRF.  Também foi assinado outro Termo de Compromisso em março após ameaça de greve durante a Semana Santa onde o aumento salarial de 30% deveria se dar em quatro partes, começando por março de 2008 e terminando em julho de 2010, e de que seria implementado a obrigatoriedade do ensino superior. No dia 14 de maio, o então presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva assinou a Medida Provisória (MP) nº 431/08, cujo relator foi Geraldo Magela (PT-DF), que criou oficialmente as vagas na PRF. O presidente não aumentou o nível de escolaridade, mas, durante a greve da PRF, a medida foi alterada na Câmara e passou a exigir ensino superior, além de renomear e reconfigurar as classes de carreira da PRF e reajustar o salário. Posteriormente, a MP passou pelo Senado, com riscos de sofrer sansões por parte do presidente. No dia 22 de setembro, Lula cedeu e o concurso público de 9 de dezembro de 2007 foi o último a exigir apenas ensino médio para o ingresso na corporação.

A MP foi fruto de uma ampla negociação entre a base governista com os sindicatos, com a representação da PRF liderada por Alice Portugal (PCdoB-BA), que coordenava a Frente Parlamentar em Defesa da Polícia Rodoviária. A MP chegou a ter o total de 260 emendas parlamentares e não apenas afetou a PRF, mas outros setores dos servidores públicos, como as Forças Armadas e o Ministério da Educação.

Também nessa época, foi fortalecida a discussão sobre a Proposta de Emenda à Constituição (PEC) 248/04, de Mauro Lopes (PMDB-MG), ex Diretor-Geral da PRF. A PEC permitiria que a PRF pudesse atuar não apenas na fiscalização das rodovias, mas também em seu policiamento. Na prática isso já acontecia, baseado no Decreto 1.655/95, mas a constitucionalidade do ato poderia ser questionada.

Atualmente, a proposta ainda não foi aceita. Ela passou pela Comissão de Constituição e Justiça e de Cidadania em 2014, porém foi arquivada em 2007 e desarquivada em 2019.

Paralisações

Semana Santa
A PRF ameaçou suspender suas ações durante a Semana Santa por exigir um aumento salarial de 46%, enquanto o governo queria que fosse de 17%. O Governo Federal firmou um Termo de Compromisso onde o reajuste seria de 30%, e as atividades da PRF ocorreram como o previsto.

Corpus Christi
Durante o feriado de Corpus Christi, a PRF já havia realizado a Operação Tartaruga, onde reduziu a fiscalização de maneira proposital, porém a PRF do Paraná ameaçou não participar. O Governo Federal havia anunciado que atenderia as reivindicações da categoria através de um Projeto de Lei (PL) já enviado ao Congresso, mas a Federação Nacional dos Policiais Rodoviários Federais (FENARF) afirmou não ter sido comunidaca da medida.

No dia 25 de maio de 2008,  no dia seguinte ao feriado, os policiais rodoviários federais realizaram paralisações por 24 horas para garantir o cumprimento das reivindicações da categoria pelo Governo Federal. Foi anunciado que apenas acidentes graves ou com vítimas seriam atendidos. A paralisação serviu de advertência para mostrar a capacidade da categoria. A PRF da Bahia chamou a data do Dia do Repúdio.

De acordo com a FENARF, a paralisação foi aderida por cerca de 80% da categoria, afetando todos os estados e o Distrito Federal. A categoria afirmou ainda que entraria em greve no dia 30 de maio caso não houvesse repercussão positiva.

Após a volta do Corpus Christi, a cate oria se dividiu, mas a fiscalização foi afrouxada e foi anunciado que não seriam enviados dados sobre acidentes e infrações de trânsito. Apenas alguns estados, como o Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, emitiram dados sobre as ocorrências durante o feriado. A diretoria da PRF, porém, negou que houve paralisação das atividades.

No total, a PRF registrou 1.345 acidentes, 867 feridos e 86 mortos durante o feriado. No dia da paralisação, foram registrados cinco acidentes que deixaram cinco feridos no Distrito Federal.

Greve
No dia 30, a PRF dos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Espírito Santo e no Distrito Federal foram aos seus postos mas não trabalharam, pela primeira parcela do ajuste salarial em teoria começar em julho, mesmo com as medidas não tendo sido postas em prática. No mesmo dia, o Governo Federal concordou com as exigências da categoria, incluindo a exigência do ensino superior para ingressantes na organização e rejuste salarial para novembro.

Os setores voltaram a trabalhar, mas no dia 17 de junho entraram em greve por exigir o ensino superior completo para a ingressão na organização e reajuste salarial imediato, além da apresentação de dados concretos sobre as medidas que seriam tomadas. O estado da Bahia se juntou à greve, tendo uma adesão de 100%, de acordo com Sindicato dos Policiais Rodoviários Federais (SINPRF/BA). No dia 2 de junho, 20 chefes da PRF na Bahia entregaram seus cargos em repúdio à Medida Provisória (MP) nº 431/08, exigindo a obrigatoriedade ensino superior. No dia 12, a PRF do Rio Grande do Norte se juntou à greve,  que se extendeu até o dia 18 de julho. No mesmo dia, o Distrito Federal também findou a greve.

Polícia Rodoviária Federal
2008 na política do Brasil
Greves no Brasil

Greve da Polícia Rodoviária Federal de 2008


A série Samsung Galaxy Z (também conhecidos como Samsung Galaxy dobráveis em alguns mercados) é uma linha de  fabricados pela Samsung Electronics.

A Samsung inaugurou a série Galaxy Z de smartphones dobráveis com o lançamento do Galaxy Z Flip em 2020, estabelecendo um novo padrão para os dispositivos móveis do futuro.

Celular que se dobra: um protótipo inovador
Em 2018, a Samsung divulgou o seu modelo experimental de celular dobrável, denominado Samsung Galaxy X. No ano seguinte, o produto foi fabricado e comercializado com o novo nome de Samsung Galaxy Z.

Modelos
A série Samsung Galaxy Z inclui os seguintes modelos:

Samsung Galaxy Z Fold – o primeiro smartphone dobrável da Samsung, lançado em 2019, que se dobra horizontalmente e tem uma tela interna de 7,3 polegadas e uma tela externa de 4,6 polegadas.
Samsung Galaxy Z Flip – o segundo smartphone dobrável da Samsung, lançado em 2020, que se dobra verticalmente e tem uma tela interna de 6,7 polegadas e uma tela externa de 1,1 polegadas.
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 2 – o sucessor do Galaxy Z Fold, lançado em 2020, que tem uma tela interna de 7,6 polegadas com taxa de atualização de 120 Hz, uma tela externa de 6,2 polegadas e câmeras melhoradas.
Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 3 – o sucessor do Galaxy Z Flip, lançado em 2021, que tem uma tela interna de 6,7 polegadas com taxa de atualização de 120 Hz, uma tela externa de 1,9 polegadas e resistência à água IPX8.
Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3 – o sucessor do Galaxy Z Fold 2, lançado em 2021, que tem uma tela interna de 7,6 polegadas com taxa de atualização de 120 Hz e suporte à S Pen, uma tela externa de 6,2 polegadas e resistência à água IPX8.

Telefones celulares da Samsung
Dispositivos com sistema operativo Android

Samsung Galaxy Z


Batalhão Internacional de Manutenção da Paz Sheikh Mansur () é um dos dois batalhões voluntários chechenos (o outro é o Batalhão Dzhokhar Dudayev) que luta contra a Rússia e os separatistas apoiados pela Rússia na guerra russo-ucraniana. É nomeado após Sheikh Mansur, um comandante militar checheno e um líder islâmico que lutou contra a expansão imperialista russa no Cáucaso durante o final do século XVIII. O batalhão é composto principalmente de voluntários chechenos, muitos dos quais são veteranos da Primeira Guerra Chechena e da Segunda Guerra Chechena.

História

Criação

O batalhão foi fundado em 2014, na Dinamarca. Foi criado pela Free Caucasus Organization, que foi criada em 2006 na Dinamarca por emigrantes políticos de países/regiões do Cáucaso e da Europa. Em outubro de 2014, o Free Caucasus GPA Presidium anunciou a criação de um batalhão com o nome de Sheikh Mansur que participará da guerra no leste da Ucrânia comandada pelo muçulmano Cheberloyevsky (um veterano das duas guerras checheno-russas). o batalhão foi formado após a separação de uma facção do batalhão Dudayev, devido a líderes decidirem a necessidade de atuar em duas frentes importantes que na época eram Kramatorsk e Mariupol . Foi o segundo batalhão checheno, depois do batalhão Dzhokhar Dudayev anteriormente formado, que se provou bem e recebeu aprovação e apoio das autoridades ucranianas.

Sanções
O governo ucraniano e o presidente Zelensky extraditaram combatentes do batalhão e aplicaram sanções contra eles em 2021, apesar de sua firme posição pró-Ucrânia. Em 2018, Timur Tumgoev, veterano da guerra do Donbass e membro do batalhão foi extraditado para a Rússia. De acordo com vários relatos, ele foi torturado e condenado a 16 anos de prisão. Vários combatentes ainda estão ameaçados de extradição, como Akhmed Ilaev e Ali Bakaev. Essas extradições e sanções foram criticadas por vários comandantes ucranianos, como Dmytro Yarosh, que culpou o FSB russo e elementos do governo ucraniano.

Participação na guerra russo-ucraniana
O batalhão participou da Guerra em Donbas . No impasse de Shyrokyne, o batalhão Sheikh Mansur, juntamente com outras forças ucranianas, lutou contra separatistas apoiados pela Rússia na vila de Shyrokyne, a leste de Mariupol, em 2015. O batalhão foi dissolvido em setembro de 2019; como uma das últimas unidades compostas puramente por soldados voluntários. No entanto, o batalhão foi relatado como ativo novamente durante a invasão russa da Ucrânia em 2022, o Batalhão Sheikh Mansur e o Batalhão Dzhokhar Dudayev estavam mantendo a defesa perto de Kiev e participando de operações partidárias durante a Batalha de Kiev. Eles foram posteriormente implantados em Mariupol.

Comandantes

 Comandante do Batalhão - Muslim Cheberloyevsky
 Chefe do Estado-Maior do batalhão - Muslim Idrisov

Veja também

 Kadyrovites
 Batalhão Dzhokhar Dudayev
 Invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia em 2022
 Batalhões voluntários ucranianos
 Guerra Russo-Ucraniana

Invasão da Ucrânia pela Rússia (2022–presente)
Chechênia

Batalhão Sheikh Mansour


X Window, MIT'de geliştirilen grafik kullanıcı arabirimi (1984)
 Microsoft Windows

Windows (anlam ayrımı)


Tanrı İstemezse, sözleri Ali Avaz'a müziği Mustafa Sayan'a ait, Müslüm Gürses Nisan 1982 tarihinde yayımlanan Tanrı İstemezse albümünde, daha sonra 5 Ağustos 1998 tarihinde yayımlanan Müslüm Gürses'in seslendirdiği klasikleşmiş şarkılarından oluşan Gönlünüze Taht Kuran Şarkılarla Müslüm Gürses Klasikleri albümünde yer verilen şarkıdır. İlk olarak Uzay Plak etiketi ile daha sonra da Elenor Müzik etiketi ile yayımlanmıştır. Şarkı başta Müslüm Gürses ve Gökhan Güney, Ümit Besen, Cengiz Kurtoğlu, Sezen Aksu olmak üzere Bülent Ersoy ve Ebru Gündeş gibi pek çok sanatçı tarafından seslendirilmiştir. Aynı şarkı Ata Demirer tarafından Eyyvah Eyvah filminde seslendirilmiştir.

Diğer önemli yorumlar

Gökhan Güney
Aynı şarkıyı Gökhan Güney 1982 yılında, Müslüm Gürses'in Tanrı İstemezse albümünün altyapısının üzerine seslendirmiş, Dost Yaraları albümünde de yayımlanmıştır.

Ümit Besen
Aynı şarkıyı Ümit Besen 20 Şubat 1984 tarihinde yayımlanan Yıkılan Gurur albümünde seslendirmiştir.

Sezen Aksu
Aynı şarkıyı Sezen Aksu tarafından 8 Mayıs 2002 tarihinde yayımlanan Şarkı Söylemek Lazım albümünde seslendirilmiştir. DMC Müzik etiketi ile yayınlanmıştır.

Arabesk şarkılar
Pop şarkıları
1982 şarkıları
1984 şarkıları
2002 şarkıları

Tanrı İstemezse (şarkı)


تالزمت هي جماعة قروية في إقليم بولمان بجهة فاس مكناس. وهي تضم ... نسمة، حسب الإحصاء العام للسكان والسكنى لسنة 2014.

دواوير الجماعة
 آيت لحسن
 آيت أيوب
 آيت بنعيسى

التعليم

الصحة

الرياضة

النقل والطرق

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة في إقليم بولمان
جماعات قروية في المغرب
جماعات قروية في إقليم بولمان
جماعات قروية في جهة فاس مكناس

تالزمت


Louis Myers (* 18. September 1929 in Byhalia, Mississippi; † 5. September 1994 in Chicago, Illinois) war ein US-amerikanischer Bluesmusiker (Gitarre, Mundharmonika), der vor allem als Mitglied der Band The Aces bekannt wurde.

Biografie
Wie sein Bruder Dave kam Louis Myers 1941 mit der Familie aus Mississippi nach Chicago. Beide lernten durch Lonnie Johnson den Chicago Blues kennen, nachdem sie zuvor bereits von ihrem Vater Amos Myers gelernt hatten, den Country Blues auf der Gitarre zu spielen. Als Teenager trat Louis trat mit Bluesmusikern wie Othum Brown und Arthur "Big Boy" Spires auf.

Mit seinem Bruder Dave (Gitarre, Mundharmonika) bildete Louis das Duo "The Little Boys". Dave spielte auf seiner E-Gitarre den Rhythmus, während Louis die Leadgitarre spielte. Zusammen mit Junior Wells (Mundharmonika) und Fred Below (Schlagzeug) entstanden daraus schließlich "The Aces". Mit Little Walter anstelle von Wells spielten sie bis Mitte der 1950er als "Little Walter & His Jukes" eine ganze Reihe von Hits ein.

1954 verließ Louis die Band, um als Sessionmusiker zu arbeiten. In den 1970ern gingen die Myers-Brüder wieder als "The Aces" auf Tour. 1978 brachte Louis mit I'm a Southern Man sein erstes Album unter eigenem Namen heraus. Während der Aufnahmen zu seinem letzten Album, Tell My Story Movin', erlitt Louis Myers 1991 einen Schlaganfall. Er starb am 5. September 1994 in Chicago.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

US-Amerikaner
Blues-Musiker
Gitarrist
Mundharmonikaspieler
Geboren 1929
Gestorben 1994
Mann

Louis Myers


René Dörfel (* 7. August 1969) ist ein ehemaliger deutscher Fußballspieler.

Werdegang
Der Abwehrspieler Dörfel begann seine Karriere bei Traktor Haldensleben. Über den 1. FC Magdeburg kam er zu Motor Schönebeck und wechselte im Jahre 1990 zum damaligen Oberligisten Arminia Bielefeld. Mit der Arminia qualifizierte er sich 1994 für die neu geschaffene Regionalliga West/Südwest und schaffte ein Jahr später den Aufstieg in die 2. Bundesliga. 1996 stieg Dörfel mit der Arminia in die Bundesliga auf. Insgesamt 115 Spiele absolvierte er für die Arminia, davon acht in der 2. Bundesliga, und erzielte sechs Tore.

1996 wechselte Dörfel gemeinsam mit Armin Eck, Peter Quallo und Stefan Studtrucker für insgesamt 2,2 Millionen D-Mark auf Leihbasis zum Regionalligisten FC Hessen Kassel. Nach der Insolvenz des Vereins wechselte Dörfel zu Kickers Emden, wo er bis 2004 spielte. Es folgten jeweils eine Spielzeit beim FC Norden und dem TuS Pewsum, wo er im Jahre 2006 seine Spielerkarriere beendete. Derzeit ist René Dörfel Cheftrainer in der Ostfrieslandliga beim Turnerbund Twixlum.

Weblinks

 Spieler-ABC - alle Ligaspieler seit 1963 auf blaue-daten.de

Einzelnachweise

Mann
Geboren 1969
Fußballspieler (Arminia Bielefeld)
Deutscher
Fußballspieler (1. FC Magdeburg)
Fußballspieler (KSV Hessen Kassel)
Fußballspieler (Kickers Emden)

René Dörfel


කෙන්ගල්ල අම්බලම ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දැකගත හැකි ඉපැරණි අම්බලම් අතුරින් එකකි. එය මහනුවර පල්ලෙකැලේ හරහා දිගන වෙත ගමන් කිරීමේදී හමුවන කෙන්ගල්ල කුඩා නගරයේ බස් නැවතුම්පල අසල පිහිටා තිබෙයි.

ඉදිකිරීම
1739 සිය 1815 දක්වා මහනුවර රාජධානිය පාලනය කල නායක්කාර රාජ වංශිකයන්ට සම්බන්ධ, ඉන්දීය, තමිල්නාඩුවේ තන්ජූර් හී සිට පැමිණි දමිල වගාකරුවෙකු විසින් 1907 වර්ෂයේදී මෙම අම්බලම ඉදිකරනු ලැබූ බව සඳහන් වෙයි.

අකෘතිය
ගල් බිමක් සහ ගල් කුළුණු ආධාරයෙන් ඉදිකොට ඇති මෙම අම්බලමේ වහලය උළු සෙවිලි කොට තනා තිබෙයි. අම්බලම කාමර දෙකකින් සමන්විත වන අතර, එක් කාමරයක් පුරුෂ පාර්ශවය උදෙසාත්, අනෙක් කාමරය කාන්තා පාර්ශවය උදෙසාත් ඉදිකොට තිබෙන්නට ඇතැයි විශ්වාස කෙරේ. නමුත් එම කාමර ද්විත්වය උසස් පැළැන්තියේ අය සහ පහත් කුලයන්ගේ පිරිස වෙත වෙන් කර තබන ලද්දක් බව තවත් මතයකින් ප්‍රකාශ කෙරේ.

මූලාශ්‍ර

අම්බලම්

කෙන්ගල්ල අම්බලම


Top Speed  é um filme pre-Code estadunidense de 1930, do gênero comédia musical, dirigido por Mervyn LeRoy, estrelado por Joe E. Brown, Bernice Claire e Jack Whiting, e co-estrelado por Frank McHugh e Laura Lee. O roteiro de Humphrey Pearson e Henry McCarty foi baseado na peça teatral homônima de 1929, de Harry Ruby, Guy Bolton e Bert Kalmar.

Sinopse
Elmer Peters (Joe E. Brown) e Gerald Brooks (Jack Whiting), funcionários em férias de fim de semana, estão fugindo de um xerife local depois que Elmer tenta pescar em uma área proibida. Os dois homens chegam a um hotel caro onde resgatam Virginia Rollins (Bernice Claire) e Babs Green (Laura Lee), que acabaram de se envolver em um acidente de carro. Gerald se apaixona por Virginia e Elmer se apaixona por Babs, e os dois fugitivos decidem ficar no hotel pelo resto do fim de semana. Elmer começa a se gabar para os hóspedes e funcionários do hotel; em breve, todos acreditam que ele e Gerald são milionários, e que Gerald é um experiente piloto de barcos.

O pai de Virginia possui uma lancha, e planeja participar de uma grande competição. Depois que demite seu piloto, a quem ele pegou aceitando um suborno, ele é convencido por Virginia a deixar Gerald pilotar o barco. Um concorrente, Spencer Colgate (Edmund Breese), descobre que Gerald é uma fraude e ameaça expô-lo, a menos que ele aceite US$ 30.000 para participar da corrida. Gerald, incapaz de recusar a quantia, concorda.

Elenco
 Joe E. Brown como Elmer Peters
 Bernice Claire como Virginia Rollins
 Jack Whiting como Gerald Brooks
 Frank McHugh como Tad Jordan
 Laura Lee como Babs Green
 Edmund Breese como Spencer Colgate
 Wade Boteler como Xerife
 Rita Flynn como Daisy
 Billy Bletcher como Ipps
 George 'Gabby' Heyes como Funcionário da União Ocidental
 Al Hill como Briggs
 Edwin Maxwell como J.W. Rollins
 Cyril Ring como Vincent Colgate

Produção
O filme foi concluído como um musical completo, repleto de sequências musicais. No entanto, devido ao crescente desfavor do público em relação a esse gênero (começando no final de 1930), a Warners optou por fazer muitos cortes no filme e grande parte da trilha sonora original está faltando ou severamente cortada. O recorte da Warner sobrevive na coleção da Biblioteca do Congresso dos Estados Unidos.

Preservação
 O filme sobrevive apenas na versão cortada que foi lançada no final de 1930 pela Warner Bros., com a maioria dos números musicais removidos. Devido à apatia pública contra os musicais, a Warner optou por cortar a maioria das sequências antes de lançar o filme.
 O filme foi lançado como um musical completo fora dos Estados Unidos, onde nunca ocorreu uma reação negativa contra os musicais. Não se sabe se uma impressão dessa versão mais longa ainda existe.
 A trilha sonora completa para International Sound Version (que inclui todas as músicas originais) sobrevive Arquivo de Cinema e Televisão da UCLA.

Músicas
 "If You Were a Traveling Salesman and I Were a Chambermaid" – por Joe E. Brown e Laura Lee
 "Knock Knees" – por Joe E. Brown, Laura Lee e Coral
 "Looking for the Lovelight in the Dark" – por Bernice Claire, Jack Whiting e Coral
 "As Long as I Have You and You Have Me" – cortada do filme; originalmente por Bernice Claire e Jack Whiting
 "Goodness Gracious" – cortada antes do lançamento nos Estados Unidos
 "I'll Know and She'll Know" – cortada antes do lançamento nos Estados Unidos
 "Keep Your Undershirt On" – cortada antes do lançamento nos Estados Unidos
 "What Would I Care?" – cortada antes do lançamento nos Estados Unidos
 "Sweeter Than You" – cortada antes do lançamento nos Estados Unidos
 "Reaching For the Moon" – cortada antes do lançamento nos Estados Unidos

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1930
Filmes de comédia musical da década de 1930
Filmes de comédia musical dos Estados Unidos
Filmes dirigidos por Mervyn LeRoy
Filmes da First National Pictures
Filmes baseados em peças de teatro
Filmes baseados em obras de autores dos Estados Unidos
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes em língua inglesa

Top Speed


Pholiota  squarrosa (Martin Vahl, 1770 ex Paul Kummer, 1871), din încrengătura Basidiomycota în familia Strophariaceae și de genul Pholiota este o ciupercă de comestibilitate restrânsă. Ea este denumită în popor bureți solzoși, fiind în primul rând un soi saprofit, mai rar parazit care provoacă în al doilea caz un putregai alb al lemnului neînsemnat. Se dezvoltă în România, Basarabia și Bucovina de Nord în număr mare, mereu în tufe cu multe exemplare, pe trunchiuri aflați în putrefacție ori copaci vii, prin păduri de foioase, foarte rar în cele de conifere, dar de asemenea în parcuri și livezi. Ca parazit crește preferat la baza de meri și poate fi găsit, de la câmpie la munte, din (august) septembrie până în decembrie.

Descriere

 Pălăria: are un diametru de 4-12 (15) cm, este cărnoasă, la început emisferică, apoi convexă, pentru mult timp cu marginea răsucită în jos, aplatizând odată cu vârsta, atunci adesea cu un gurgui central tocit sau ascuțit. Cuticula este netedă și mată pe vreme uscată, dar ceva unsuroasă pe timp umed, fiind de culoare foarte variată care tinde de la gri-albicios, peste gălbui, până la ocru-roșcat. În urma vălului parțial, suprafața ei este acoperită permanent de scvame brun-roșiatice, turtite, zdrențuite care nu se desprind la atingere.
 Lamelele: sunt relativ subțiri, inegale, stau destul de dens, fiind aderate, câteodată ușor decurente la picior. Coloritul este inițial albicios până galben deschis, apoi galben-maroniu până brun-măsliniu.
 Piciorul: este relativ lung cu o înălțime de  5-12 (15) cm și o grosime de 0,8-1,5 cm, albicios-gălbui, cilindric precum subțiat spre bază, fiind împăiat, tare, fibros, cu scuame de culoare mai închisă care urcă spiralat, dar neted spre pălărie. Tulpina are un inel păros, fibros și franjurat la margine, în culoare  asemănător cu scvamele.
 Carnea: este consistentă, palid-galbenă, spre baza piciorului de culoare mai închisă care nu se colorează după tăiere. Mirosul este puternic, variază cumva, cu tonuri de usturoi, ridiche, lămâie, ceapă sau chiar Cannabis, gustul fiind mai mult sau mai puțin  de ridichi.
 Caracteristici microscopice: are spori galben-maronii, elipsoidal-cilindrici, netezi, hialini (translucizi), cu o mărime de 6-8 × 4-5,5 microni. Pulberea lor este brun-roșiatică.
 Reacții chimice: Buretele se colorează cu Hidroxid de potasiu maroniu și cu sulfat de fier imediat verde închis.

Confuzii
Pholiota squarrosa poate fi confundată foarte ușor, în special cu gemenul ei Armillaria mellea (comestibil, dar nu bine fiert toxic) sau cu Armillaria tabescens (comestibil), mai departe cu unele surate de genul Pholiota, cum sunt Pholiota adiposa (comestibil), Pholiota aurivella, sin. Pholiota cerifera (comestibil), Pholiota flammans (necomestibil, suspect), Pholiota jahnii (necomestibil), Pholiota populnea sin. Pholiota destruens (necomestibil, amar) sau Pholiota squarrosoides (necomestibil).

Periculoasă ar fi confuzia posibilă cu otrăvitoarea Hypholoma lateritium sin. Hypholoma sublateritium sau cu Inocybe dulcamara (otrăvitoare) și Inocybe lanuginosa (otrăvitoare, posibil letală).

Specii asemănătoare

Valorificare
Această ciupercă a fost și este consumată des și declarată comestibilă de mai mulți micologi. Se pare că de asemenea în România este calificată de unii cu predicatul comestibil și foarte gustos până de valoare mediocră, de alții necomestibilă, dar în nici un caz otrăvitoare. Miceliul este de asemenea vändut pentru cultivare.

Declarații, că specia ar fi toxică nu sunt dovedite. Probabil este confundată cu alte soiuri, ce este destul de ușor. Astfel se poate citi în cartea de descriere pentru ciuperci a lui Till E. Lohmeyer, că ar fi necomestibilă, fiind amară, ce nu este adevărat. Probabil a confundat-o cu Pholiota populnea sin. Pholiota destruens.

Analiza lui Robert L. Shaffer din 1965 spune, că ar putea să provoacă probleme gastrointestinale induse prin consumul împreună cu alcool, efectul începând însă mai târziu (de abia după 10 ore) ca de exemplu la Coprinopsis atramentaria.

Deși bureților solzoși sunt, în primul rând murați, destul de gustoși, se impune o anumită prudență privind consumului lor, în special pentru persoane sensibile care încă nu i-au probat. Dați în orișice caz atenție, să nu ingerați cantități prea mari ale ciupercii.

Note

Bibliografie
 Bruno Cetto: "Der große Pilzführer", vol. 1-7, pentru toate ciupercile analizate
 Giacomo Bresadola: "Iconographia Mycologica, vol. XIV, Editura Società Botanica Italiana, Milano 1930, tab. 697
 Rose Marie Dähncke: "1200 Pilze in Farbfotos", Editura AT Verlag, Aarau 2004, ISBN 3-8289-1619-8
 Ewald Gerhard: "Der große BLV Pilzführer" (cu 1200 de specii descrise și 1000 fotografii), Editura BLV Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, ediția a 9-a, München 2018, ISBN 978-3-8354-1839-4
 Jean-Louis Lamaison & Jean-Marie Polese: "Der große Pilzatlas", Editura Tandem Verlag GmbH, Potsdam 2012, ISBN 978-3-8427-0483-1
 J. E. și M. Lange: "BLV Bestimmungsbuch - Pilze", Editura BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Berna Viena 1977, ISBN 3-405-11568-2
 Hans E. Laux: "Der große Pilzführer, Editura Kosmos, Halberstadt 2001, ISBN 978-3-440-14530-2
 Till E. Lohmeyer & Ute Künkele: "Pilze – bestimmen und sammeln", Editura Parragon Books Ltd., Bath 2014, ISBN 978-1-4454-8404-4
 Meinhard Michael Moser: "Röhrlinge und Blätterpilze - Kleine Kryptogamenflora Mitteleuropas", ediția a 5-ea, vol. 2, Editura Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart 1983
 Andreas Neuner: "BLV Naturführer – Pilze", Editura BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München-Bern-Viena 1976, ISBN 3-405-11345-8

Legături externe

 Bureți solzoși, film

Strophariaceae
Ciuperci comestibile
Ciuperci parazite
Ciuperci saprofite
1770 în știință

Pholiota squarrosa


آه من حواء فيلم سينمائى درامى مصرى تم إنتاجه عام 1962، من إخراج فطين عبد الوهاب وبطولة لبنى عبد العزيز ورشدي أباظة.

تمثيل
 لبنى عبد العزيز
 رشدي أباظة
 حسين رياض
 عبد المنعم إبراهيم
 مديحة سالم
 حسين إسماعيل
 عزيزة حلمي

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

أفلام لبنى عبد العزيز
أفلام رشدي أباظة
أفلام حسين رياض
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1962
أفلام مديحة سالم
أفلام عزيزة حلمي
أفلام فطين عبد الوهاب

آه من حواء (فيلم)


Lupta pentru foc (în ) este un roman  belgian despre trecutul preistoric al omenirii. A fost publicat în foileton în anul 1909 (și într-o versiune integrală în 1911 la Éditions Fasquelle). Autorul romanului este menționat pe copertă ca fiind J.-H. Rosny, pseudonimul a doi frați; autorul a fost probabil cel mai în vârstă din cei doi, Joseph Henri Honoré Boex (1856–1940). A fost publicat pentru prima dată în engleză în 1967 și în română la editura Tineretului în anul 1968.

Romanul are loc în trecutul preistoric, iar personajele sale sunt oameni primitivi, povestea are loc cu aproximativ o sută de mii de ani în trecut. Acțiunea romanului se învârte în jurul temei stăpânirii focului de către oameni. Autorul avea deja experiență în scrierea acestui gen de lucrări. Anterior, au fost publicate romanele sale Vamireh (1892) și Eyrimah (1893), dedicate tot vieții oamenilor primitivi.

Povestea din Lupta pentru foc este continuată în romanul Leul uriaș (Le Félin géant) din 1918.

Prezentare

Din generație în generație, viața tribului Oulhamr este organizată în jurul focului - îl păstrează și îl susțin, dar nu știu cum să-l obțină. Ei îl păstrează cu sfințenie în trei cuști păzite zi și noapte de patru femei și doi războinici. În timpul unei confruntări sălbatice cu un trib inamic, focul este distrus, iar șeful tribului Faouhm o promite pe fiica sa Gammla și implicit conducerea tribului celui care va aduce înapoi focul tribului.

Un voluntar se prezintă imediat: Naoh, fiul Leopardului, cel mai mare și mai agil dintre Oulhamr care o spiona și o râvnea de multă vreme pe Gammla. El alege ca însoțitori ai săi alți doi tineri războinici, pe Nam și Gaw, doi tineri războinici ușori și rapizi, în locul unor războinici mai puternici.

Aghoo, fiul lui Aurochs - o brută păroasă care trăiește la margine cu cei doi frați ai săi și cu unele femei terorizate - îl provoacă pe Naoh promițând că el va aduce flacăra. Ei încearcă să pună stăpânire pe Gammla.

A doua zi, fiecare grup începe să se confrunte cu numeroasele pericole ale lumii ostile din jurul lor ... În timpul căutării lor, Naoh, Nam și Gaw, vor trebui să scape de mamuți și alte animale sălbatice, de leul uriaș și tigri, devoratorii de bărbați, pitici roșii și ursul uriaș. După o ultimă luptă împotriva lui Aghoo și a fraților săi, ei aduc în sfârșit focul înapoi tribului Oulhamr.

Ecranizări
O primă ecranizare, La Guerre du feu, a fost realizată în 1915 de regizorul Georges Denola, cu actorii Denola, André Simon, Monsieur Delmy, Herman Grégoire și Léa Piron.

A fost ecranizat ca un lungmetraj cu același nume, La Guerre du feu (Războiul focului), în 1981, de către regizorul Jean-Jacques Annaud. În film joacă actorii Ron Perlman ca Amoukar, Rae Dawn Chong ca Ika, Nameer El-Kadi ca Gaw și Everett McGill ca Naoh.

Filmul Războiul focului a fost nominalizat la șase premii César în 1981, inclusiv cel mai bun scenariu original sau adaptare pentru Gérard Brach, cea mai bună muzică scrisă pentru un film pentru Philippe Sarde, cea mai bună cinematografie pentru Claude Agostini și cele mai bune decoruri pentru Brian Morris, câștigând premiile César pentru cel mai bun film și pentru cel mai bun regizor. În 1983 a câștigat Premiul Oscar pentru cel mai bun machiaj. Tot în 1983, a câștigat cinci categorii la Premiile Genie.

Referințe

Vezi și
 Xipehuzii
 Navigatorii infinitului
 Prizoniera oamenilor mistreți
 Moartea Terrei
 Leul uriaș
 1909 în literatură
 1911 în literatură

Romane istorice
Oameni preistorici în cultura populară
Romane belgiene
Romane științifico-fantastice
Romane fantastice
Romane din 1909
Romane din 1911

Lupta pentru foc


Margaretha Frida Rosalia Peppina Aloisia Passini dite Rita, ou Margarete Passini, née le  à Vienne et morte le  à Graz, est une artiste peintre, céramiste murale et sgraffiteuse autrichienne.

Biographie
Rita Passini est la nièce de Ludwig Passini et la petite-fille de . Elle prend ses premières leçons d'art auprès d'Ivana Kobilca à Sarajevo, et plus tard à Munich, Dachau et Karlsruhe d'Adolf Hölzel, Hans Müller et .

En 1902, elle s'installe à Graz comme cheffe du département des arts et métiers de l'École nationale des arts et métiers. Elle travaille comme céramiste en Italie à Florence, Venise et Capri, et en Espagne à Barcelone et Majorque. Elle effectue des dessins pour la firme Villeroy & Boch. Après 1931, elle entreprend des travaux de commande pour l'école supérieure des arts et métiers de Berlin. Elle réalise aussi des motifs muraux en céramique dans les casinos de la Luftwaffe allemande. Après 1945, elle retourne à Graz où elle s'établit comme artiste indépendante.

Elle influence la peintre , avec qui elle est liée d'amitié. Comme d'autres artistes de l'époque, Rita Passini participe à l'« aktion forum stadtpark » à Graz entre 1958 et 1960.

Son œuvre comprend des peintures à l'huile, des aquarelles, des dessins et des sculptures. À ses débuts, elle peint des portraits dans le style de la Sécession viennoise. Plus tard, son œuvre se diversifie : alternativement ou simultanément, ses motifs sont géométriques-abstraits, réalistes, mythologiques, décoratifs ou symboliques. Elle a aussi créé des objets liturgiques. La plupart de ses céramiques intégrées à des constructions ont été détruites pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Distinctions
 1917 : Prix d'État du graphisme
 1919 : Prix d'État autrichien de peinture
 1919 : Médaille d'argent de la ville de Graz
 1925 : Médaille de bronze à l'Exposition internationale des arts décoratifs et industriels modernes, Paris
 1931 : Prix d'État de la Céramique

Expositions notables
 1912/1917/1918 : Association des artistes styriens
 1925 : Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes, Paris
 1931 : Musée universel de Joanneum, Graz
 1954 : Sécession de Graz
 1960 : Exposition spéciale à la Nouvelle Galerie du Musée universel de Joanneum de Graz

Mouvements artistiques
 Sécession Graz
 Association des artistes de Graz
 Association d'art styrien
 Association des artistes visuels de Styrie

Publications
  R. Passini, Keramik und Malerei, 1969.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
  L. Sches, Register der bildenden Künstler Steiermark. Graz, 1928.
  W. Suida, Die Landesbildergalalerie in Graz. Vienne, 1923.
  Dresslers Kunstbandbuch. 1930 II. B. B.
  E. Hofmann, « Die Malerin und Keramikerin Rita Passini ». In Österreichische Kunst, n° 1, 1932, p. 15–17.
  « Passini, Rita », In: Hans Vollmer (dir.), Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Begründet von Ulrich Thieme und Felix Becker, vol 26 : « Olivier–Pieris », E. A. Seemann, Leipzig, 1932, p. 286.
  Österreichische Kunst. Vienne, 3, 1936, H. 1, p. 15/17.
  Velhagen & Klasings Monatshefte. 52/I, 1937/38, p. 203.
  Die Kunst und das schöne Heim. 59, 1960/61, Beilage, p. 52.
  K. Reichl, Steiermark-Lexikon, Graz, 1955.
  Passini, Rita. In: Hans Vollmer (dir.), Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenden Künstler des XX. Jahrhunderts, vol. 6 : « Nachträge H–Z », E. A. Seemann, Leipzig, 1962, p. 331.
  G. Danzer, « Passini, Rita », In: Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815–1950. 2.

Liens externes

Décès en novembre 1976
Naissance en avril 1882
Naissance à Vienne (Autriche)
Naissance en Autriche-Hongrie
Décès à Graz
Céramiste
Peintre autrichien du XXe siècle
Peintre autrichienne
Graveur autrichien du XXe siècle
Graveuse autrichienne
Décès à 94 ans

Rita Passini