The Crazylegs Classic is an annual eight-kilometer running race and two-mile walk held each spring in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. The course starts at the Wisconsin State Capitol and ends at Camp Randall Stadium. The race, first held in 1982, was named in honor of Elroy "Crazylegs" Hirsch. Proceeds from the race benefit University of Wisconsin–Madison athletics programs.

The idea for the race was hatched in late 1981 by Tom Grantham, Ken Sparks, and Rich Backus, who wanted to raise money to support Wisconsin athletics. As admirers of Hirsch, who was then serving as UW–Madison's athletic director, they asked his permission to name it the "Crazylegs Run" in his honor. Grantham continues to serve as general chairman on the Crazylegs Classic Executive Committee.

The first race in 1982 attracted 1,525 runners and raised $9,500. The event grew in popularity and the walk was added in 1987 with 676 walkers the first year. The event has grown, reaching a record high of 20,415 registrants in 2010. Since its inaugural race, it has attracted more than 229,000 runners and walkers.

Runner's World magazine has rated the Crazylegs Classic as one of America's Best 100 Events. Readers participating in the Capital Times/Wisconsin State Journal Reader's Choice Award survey have voted the classic the #1 Favorite Local Running Event every year since 1995.

In 2002, the Road Runners Club of America chose the Crazylegs Classic one of twenty "Great Races! Great Places!" events.

The scenic race course is considered a "runner's delight," starting opposite the State Capitol Building, going down Wisconsin Avenue, moving onto the campus over Observatory Drive to Picnic Point and returning down University Avenue to Camp Randall where it ends at the 50 yard line.

References

External links
Crazylegs Classic website

Long-distance running competitions
Sports in Madison, Wisconsin
Foot races in Wisconsin

Crazylegs Classic


Søndre Ringvej  er en tosporet ringvej, der går igennem det sydlige Give.

Ringvejen er med til at lede trafikken uden om byen og ud til bl.a. Midtjyske Motorvej (primærrute 18), der går mod Herning og Vejle, samt motortrafikvejen Farrevej (primærrute 30), der går mod Billund og Billund Lufthavn, så byen ikke bliver belastet af for meget gennemkørende trafik.

Vejen forbinder Diagonalvejen i vest med Torvegade i øst og har forbindelse til Hyldevang og Ringivevej.

Kilder

Give
Bygninger, konstruktioner og anlæg i Vejle Kommune
Ringveje i Danmark

Søndre Ringvej (Give)


Aerolindigia, rod mahovnjača iz porodice Brachytheciaceae, dio reda Hypnales. Jedina je vrsta A. capillacea raširena po Meksiku, Južnoj Americi, Haitima, Dominikanskoj Republici i Madagaskaru .

Raste na visinama od 1200 do 2100 metara na granama i deblima drveća, obično po oblačnim šumama.

Izvori

Brachytheciaceae

Aerolindigia


Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus veya Pompey (29 Eylül MÖ 106 - 29 Eylül MÖ 48), Roma Cumhuriyeti'nin son dönemlerinde askeri ve politik liderdi. İtalya'nın kasabalarından gelen Pompey, kendini Roma asilzadeleri arasına sokabildi. Kendisine Magnus kognomenini de Lucius Cornelius Sulla vermişti.

Pompey Marcus Licinius Crassus'a karşı ve Gaius Julius Caesar'a da dosttu. Üç politikacı Roma cumhuriyetinin son dönemlerinde önemli rol oynamışlar, aralarındaki ortaklığa da Birinci Triumvirlik ismiyle tanımlamışlardır. Crassus öldükten sonra, Pompey ve Caesar tüm Roma topraklarının hakimiyeti için tartışırlar.

Pompey MÖ 65 yılında, şimdiki Şebinkarahisar-Bayramköy bölgesinde, Pontus Kralı  VI. Mithridates'in ordusu ile yaptığı savaşta, Roma ordusuna komuta etti. Mitridates'in ordusunu yendi, ülkesini Roma'ya bağlı bir devlet haline getirdi. Ardından Şebinkarahisar-Bayramköy bölgesine, zafer kazanma evi anlamına gelen "Nicopolis" kentini kurdu. Athena (günümüzde Pazar) şehri de Pompey tarafından kuruldu.

Pompey kazandığı savaşlardan sonra Roma'da önemli bir statü kazanmıştır. Caesar ile büyük dostlukları bulunmasına rağmen Caesar'ın  Galya Savaşlarını kazanmasının ardından orduyu dağıtmadan MÖ 49 yılında Roma'ya doğru harekete geçmesi sonucunda Pompey ve Caesar 'ın araları açılmıştır.Başlayan iç savaş sonucunda Caesar, Cumhuriyet'in başkenti Roma'ya yaklaşınca Pompey ve onun tarafındaki senatörler önce İtalya' nın güneyine ardından da gemilerle Yunanistan'a geçmişler ve orada büyük bir ordu kurmuşlardır. Caesar'ın ordusu, Pompey ve diğer senatörlerin oluşturduğu orduyu MÖ 48 yılında yapılan Pharsalus Muharebesi'nde bozguna uğratmıştır. Bu yenilgi üzerine Pompey hala kendi taraftarlarının yoğunlukta olduğunu düşündüğü Mısır'a doğru yola çıkmıştır.

Mısır'da bir ordu kurup yeniden Caesar 'ın karşısına çıkmayı düşünen Magnus Pompey bilmeden ölümüne doğru yelken açmıştır. Mısır'a gittiğinde gemisinden iner inmez başı kesilerek öldürülmüştür. Pompey'in ardından Mısır'a gelen Caesar, Pompey'i öldüren kişiyi infaz etmiştir. Bazı kaynaklarda bunun nedeni olarak; Pompey'in bir senatör olması ve böyle bir ölümü haketmemesi olarak açıklanmıştır.

Kaynakça

MÖ 106 doğumlular
Marche doğumlular
MÖ 48 yılında ölenler
Pompeii (gens)
MÖ 1. yüzyıl Romalıları
Romalı devlet adamları
Romalı senatörler
Roma Cumhuriyeti hükûmeti
Romalı generaller
Cicero
Suikast sonucu ölen siyasetçiler

Pompeyus


Düşünce kuruluşları (), sosyal, politik, ekonomik ve kültürel alanlarda bilgi ve analiz üretir. İlgili bilgileri takip eder, tasnif eder ve ihtiyaç halinde sunar. Türkiye için yeni bir alandır.

İngilizce think tank kavramının karşılığı olarak, Türkiye'de düşünce kuruluşları, düşünce merkezleri veya stratejik düşünce merkezleri kavramları da kullanılmaktadır. Ancak son dönemlerde düşünce kuruluşları kavramı ağırlık kazanmış ve yerleşmiştir.

Türkiye'de düşünce kuruluşlarının çoğu 2000'li yıllardan sonra kurulmuştur. Yine Türkiye'de düşünce kuruluşlarının %90'ı İstanbul ve Ankara merkezli olarak kurulmuştur. Bu durum, iki şehrin politik, ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel bir merkez olmasıyla ve yüksek öğrenimin de buralarda yoğunlaşmış olmasıyla yakından ilgilidir.

Türkiye'de bulunan düşünce kuruluşları alfabetik sıra ile şunlardır:

Kaynakça
3. Babur, M. M. (2021). Bir temsil alanı olarak Türkiye'de düşünce kuruluşları. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal

Bilimler Dergisi, 23(1), 1-19.

4. Babur, M. M. (2022). Bilgi, iktidar ve politika alanının inşası: Türkiye'de düşünce kuruluşları. Ankara: Nobel Bilimsel Yayınları
Düşünce kuruluşları listesi

Düşünce kuruluşları listesi

Türkiye'deki düşünce kuruluşları listesi


Luigi Cadorna (født 4. september 1850, død 21. december 1928) var en militær leder og generalstabschef for den italienske hær under 1. verdenskrig i årene fra 1914 til 1917, da han blev afskediget til fordel for Armando Diaz efter det katastrofale slag ved Caporetto. Cadorna opnåede rangen som løjtnant i 1868 og fik hurtigt sin ilddåb i slaget om Rom i 1870. Herefter steg den unge Cadorna støt i rang, indtil han blev generalstabschef for den italienske hær i juli 1914, da hans forgænger Alberto Pollo pludseligt og uventet døde. Dermed stod Cadorna i spidsen for det italienske militær ved Italiens indtræden i 1. verdenskrig i maj 1915, hvor Cadorna fik kommandoen for Italiens primære front i krigen, nemlig den Italienske Front, der strakte sig langs den italiensk-østrigske grænse fra Dolomitterne i vest til Isonzo-flodens (i dag Soča-flodens) udmunding i Adriaterhavet. Selvom Cadorna nød tidlige sejre i 1915 og 1916 mest grundet den dårlige koordination i de østrig-ungarske offensiver langs fronten, vendte krigslykken for italienerne og Cadorna i 1917, da det Tyske Kejserrige begyndte at sende soldater fra Rumænien og Rusland til Østrig-Ungarns støtte, hvilket resulterede i det afgørende slag ved Caporetto, hvor de samlede tysk-østrigske tropper angreb 25 kilometer ind i Italien bare på den første dag, og hvor selv Venedig var i fare for at blive erobret. Herefter blev Cadorna fyret og erstattet af en af sine største modstandere, Armando Diaz.

Referencer

Italienere i 1900-tallet
Italienere i 1800-tallet
Generaler fra Italien

Luigi Cadorna


Potočna pirevina (plivajuća pirevina, plivajuća šenika, pačja trava; lat. Glyceria fluitans), vrsta jednosupnica iz porodice trava. Jedna je od nekoliko vrsta pirevina koje rastu u Hrvatskoj.

G. fluitans je vodena trajnica, helofit ili hemikriptofit koji raste po cijeloj Europi i zapadnom Sibiru, a uvezena je i u obje Amerike.

Izvori

Meliceae
Flora Europe
Flora Hrvatske
Flora Maroka

Potočna pirevina


The United Kingdom competed at the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004, where they were represented by Cory Spedding with the song "The Best Is Yet To Come".

Before Junior Eurovision

National final
A national final was held by Independent Television (ITV) to select the UK entry for the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004. The final, broadcast on digital channel ITV2, was held on 4 September 2004 at the Granada Studios in Manchester and was presented by Holly Willoughby, Stephen Mulhern and Michael Underwood. Regional televoting was held to select the winner from the eight competing acts.

At Junior Eurovision
The 2004 Eurovision Song Contest was initially to be held in Manchester. However, ITV abandoned the project due to finance and scheduling problems. It was therefore moved to Lillehammer in Norway.

On the night of the contest, Cory Spedding performed 13th in the running order of the contest, following Latvia and preceding Denmark. At the close of the voting Cory received 140 points, placing 2nd of the 18 competing entries, beaten by María Isabel of Spain.

In the United Kingdom, the show was televised on digital channel ITV2 (due to poor viewing figures the previous year) with commentary by Matt Brown. The British spokesperson, who announced the British votes during the final, was national finalist Charlie Allan. A delayed broadcast, consisting of highlights, was aired on ITV1 the following afternoon.

Voting

References

United Kingdom
2004
Junior Eurovision Song Contest

United Kingdom in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2004


Gymea  is a suburb in southern Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Gymea is located 26 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire. The postcode is 2227, which it shares with adjacent suburb Gymea Bay.

History
The Gymea Lily, Doryanthes excelsa is a 6m tall perennial that is prevalent in the area. It was named by the local Dharawal people and became the inspiration for the suburb's name, by government surveyor W.A.B. Geaves in 1855. The Gymea Lily has been adopted as a symbol of the area and features on the crest of many local organisations. Development in the area has eradicated most of the lilies but many can still be found, a few kilometres south, in the Royal National Park.

By the 1920s, steam trams operated between Cronulla and Sutherland, via Gymea. The railway station on the line to Cronulla opened in 1939.

Population
In the 2016 Census, there were 7,589 people in Gymea. 75.7% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 4.2%, China 1.6% and New Zealand 1.6%. 83.1% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 1.6%, Greek 1.5% and Cantonese 1.3%. The most common responses for religion in were Catholic 29.5%, No Religion 25.5% and Anglican 21.1%.

Commercial area
Gymea is primarily a low density, residential suburb. Located close to Gymea railway station, the suburb's shopping strip is known as Gymea Shopping Village. Over the last decade it has become a popular shopping and 'café culture' district with many cafés, restaurants, boutiques and gourmet food shops opened along Gymea Bay Road. The Gymea Hotel is also located on Gymea Bay Road. It was opened in 1959 and was originally called the Gymea Rex Hotel.

Transport
Gymea railway station is on the Cronulla branch of the Illawarra railway line, part of the Sydney Trains network, which provides regular rail services to the city. Gymea railway station is on Gymea Bay Road, in the middle of the main shopping area. Adjacent stations are Kirrawee and Miranda. Private buses, principally operated by U-Go Mobility also service the local area and provide school student transport.

Education
The suburb has one public primary school, Gymea North Public School; a Catholic primary school, St Catherine Labouré Primary; a secondary school, Gymea Technology High School; and the Sydney Montessori School for pre-primary, primary and secondary students. Many children in Gymea attend schools in Gymea Bay, especially Gymea Bay Public School(the largest primary school in the Sutherland Shire), and Kirrawee. Gymea is also home to a campus of the Sydney Institute of TAFE.

Churches
 St Paul's and St Barnabas Anglican Church
 St Catherine Labouré Catholic Church
 St Stylianos Greek Orthodox Church (officially known as St Stylianos, Saints Peter and Paul, St Gregory of Palamas)
 Gymea Baptist Church
 Gymea People's Church

Culture

Art
Gymea is home to the Hazelhurst Regional Gallery and Arts Centre, which features art galleries, art studios, a theatrette, gardens, meeting rooms, gallery shop and cafe. A number of special events are held at the gallery throughout the year.

Sport
Like many suburbs in the Sutherland Shire, Gymea maintains an active culture of youth sport and has well-established cricket, rugby league, swimming (Gymea Bay Amateur Swimming Club), football (Gymea United FC, which is currently the largest club in the Oceania region), and netball clubs.

Pop culture
Australian writer Scot McPhie named his collection of poetry published in 1999 'Gymea', after living near the suburb in the 1990s. 2SSR broadcasts from Gymea TAFE.

Events
 The Gymea Village Fair is held every year in the last Sunday in October. The streets are closed for stalls, arts and crafts, rides and music.

Plant Nursery
The Sutherland Shire Council's Plant Nursery, with local plants propagated by Bushcare volunteers, is in Gymea.  Plants are available for revegetation and landscaping.

References

Suburbs of Sydney
Sutherland Shire

Gymea, New South Wales


أحمد نجيب الهلالي هو رئيس آخر وزارة مصرية في عهد الملكية وأحد رجال السياسة والقضاء البارزين في هذا العصر. ولد في أكتوبر 1891 بأسيوط وتوفي عام 1958.

بداياته
حصل على البكالوريا من المدرسة التوفيقية ثم التحق بدراسة القانون في مدرسة الحقوق وتخرج منها عام 1912. عمل بالمحاماة ثم عين في النيابة وتدرج في مناصب القضاء في قسم قضايا الملكية الخاصة. ثم أصبح أستاذا بكلية الحقوق عام 1923 ثم مستشارا ملكيا وبعدها سكرتيرا عاما لوزارة المعارف ثم مستشارا قانونيا للوزارة ثم مستشارا بقضايا الحكومة لوزارة الداخلية.

في الوزارة
عين وزيرا للمعارف في وزارة توفيق نسيم والتي أيدها حزب الوفد وأعادت دستور 1923 ثم انضم إلى حزب الوفد وأعيد وزيرا للمعارف عام 1937 قبل سقوط الوزارة. في فبراير 1942 عاد للمرة الثالثة وزيرا للمعارف وأقر مجانية التعليم الابتدائي التي نادى بها طه حسين المستشار الفني لوزارة المعارف في ذلك الوقت.

في يناير 1950 رفض الهلالي الاشتراك في الوزارة الوفدية واعتزل الحياة السياسية. في صيف 1951 ظهرت له اتصالات ببعض رجال السراي والإنجليز ثم خرج عن عزلته بعد إلغاء معاهدة 1936 بتصريح هاجم فيه الوزارة فقرر الوفد فصله من الحزب.

تولى الوزارة في مارس 1952 رافعا شعار التطهير قبل التحرير وشن هجوما على الوفد واعتقل جمعا من العناصر الوطنية وحل البرلمان وأعلن الأحكام العرفية وفرض الرقابة على الصحف، وعّين في عهده محمد عبد الرؤوف باشا المفتش نائبًا، و كانت المرة الأولي التي يُعين فيها نائبًا لرئيس مجلس الوزراء. سقطت هذه الوزارة في 2 يوليو 1952. أعيد نجيب الهلالي باشا إلى الوزارة في 22 يوليو 1952 ثم استقال بعد 18 ساعة فقط لقيام ثورة 23 يوليو.

بعد الثورة اعتزل السياسة حتى توفي في ديسمبر 1958. وخلف وراءه نجله أحمد نبيل الهلالي الذي سار على دربه في دراسة القانون والعمل بالمحاماة والعمل السياسي.

انظر أيضًا
 رؤساء وزراء مصر

مراجع

أشخاص من أسيوط
رؤساء وزراء مصر القرن 20
رؤساء وزراء مصريون
سياسيو حزب الوفد
محامون في القرن 20
محامون مصريون
مستشارو هيئة قضايا الدولة (مصر)
مواليد 1309 هـ
مواليد 1891
مواليد في أسيوط
وزراء تعليم مصريون
وزراء معارف مصريون
وفيات 1958
محامون مصريون في القرن 20

أحمد نجيب الهلالي


Tephra is fragmental material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition, fragment size, or emplacement mechanism.

Volcanologists also refer to airborne fragments as pyroclasts. Once clasts have fallen to the ground, they remain as tephra unless hot enough to fuse into pyroclastic rock or tuff. Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed. When a volcano explodes, it releases a variety of tephra including ash, cinders, and blocks. These layers settle on the land and, over time, sedimentation occurs incorporating these tephra layers into the geologic record. Often, when a volcano explodes, biological organisms are killed and their remains are buried within the tephra layer. These fossils are later dated by scientists to determine the age of the fossil and its place within the geologic record.

Overview

Tephra is unconsolidated pyroclastic material produced by a volcanic eruption. It consists of a variety of materials, typically glassy particles formed by the cooling of droplets of magma, which may be vesicular, solid or flake-like, and a varying proportions of crystalline and mineral components originating from the mountain and the walls of the vent. As the particles fall to the ground, they are sorted to a certain extent by the wind and gravitational forces and form layers of unconsolidated material. The particles are further moved by ground surface or submarine water flow.

The distribution of tephra following an eruption usually involves the largest boulders falling to the ground quickest, therefore closest to the vent, while smaller fragments travel further – ash can often travel for thousands of miles, even circumglobal, as it can stay in the stratosphere for days to weeks following an eruption.
When large amounts of tephra accumulate in the atmosphere from massive volcanic eruptions (or from a multitude of smaller eruptions occurring simultaneously), they can reflect light and heat from the sun back through the atmosphere, in some cases causing the temperature to drop, resulting in a temporary "volcanic winter". The effects of acidic rain and snow, the precipitation caused by tephra discharges into the atmosphere, can be seen for years after the eruptions have stopped. Tephra eruptions can affect ecosystems across millions of square kilometres or even entire continents depending on the size of the eruption.

Classification
Tephra fragments are classified by size:

 Ash – particles smaller than 2 mm (0.08 inches) in diameter
 Lapilli or volcanic cinders – between 2 and 64 mm (0.08 and 2.5 inches) in diameter
 Volcanic bombs or volcanic blocks – larger than 64 mm (2.5 inches) in diameter

The use of tephra layers, which bear their own unique chemistry and character, as temporal marker horizons in archaeological and geological sites, is known as tephrochronology.

Etymology
The word "tephra" and "pyroclast" both derive from Greek: The word  () means "ash", while pyroclast is derived from the Greek  (), meaning "fire", and  (), meaning "broken in pieces".

Environmental impacts
The release of tephra into the troposphere impacts the environment physically and chemically. Physically, volcanic blocks damage local flora and human settlements. Ash damages communication and electrical systems, coats forests and plant life reducing photosynthesis, and pollutes groundwater. Tephra changes below- and above-ground air and water movement. Chemically, tephra release can impact the water cycle. Tephra particles can cause ice crystals to grow in clouds which increases precipitation. Nearby watersheds and the ocean can experience elevated mineral levels, especially iron, which can cause explosive population growth in plankton communities. This, in turn, can result in eutrophication.

Disciplines and fossil record
In addition to tephrochronology, tephra is used by a variety of scientific disciplines including geology, paleoecology, anthropology, and paleontology, to date fossils, identify dates within the fossils record, and learn about prehistoric cultures and ecosystems. For example, carbonatite tephra found at Oldoinyo Lengai (a volcano in the East African Rift Valley) has buried and preserved fossilized footprints of humans near the site of the eruption. Under certain conditions, volcanic blocks can be preserved for billions of years and can travel up to 400 km away from the eruption. Volcanic eruptions around the world have provided valuable scientific information on local ecosystems and ancient cultures.

Volcanoes

Africa
Africa's volcanoes have had an impact on the fossil record. Geographically a part of Africa, El Hierro is a shield volcano and the youngest and smallest of the Canary Islands. The most recent El Hierro eruption occurred underwater, in 2011, and caused earthquakes and landslides throughout the Canary Islands. Instead of ash, floating rocks, 'restingolites' were released after every eruption. After the 2011 eruption, fossils of single-celled marine organisms were found in the restingolites verifying the origin theory that Canary Island growth comes from a single buoyant jet of magma from the Earth's core instead of cracks in the ocean floor. This is reflected in the decreasing age of the islands east to west from Fuerteventura to El Hierro.  There are about 60 volcanoes in Ethiopia, located in east Africa. In Southern Ethiopia, the Omo Kibish Rock Formation is composed of layers of tephra and sediment. Within these layers, several fossils have been discovered.  In 1967, 2 Homo sapiens fossils were discovered in the Omo Kibish Formation by Richard Leaky, a paleoanthropologist. After radiocarbon dating, they were determined to be 195 thousand years old. Other mammals discovered in the formation include Hylochoerus meinertzhageni (forest hog) and Cephalophus (antelope).

Asia
In Asia, several volcanic eruptions are still influencing local cultures today. In North Korea, Paektu Mountain, a stratovolcano, first erupted in 946 AD and is a religious site for locals. It last erupted in 1903. In 2017, new fossil evidence was discovered that determined the date of Paektu Mountain's first eruption, which had been a mystery. A team of scientists directed by Dr. Clive Oppenheimer, British volcanologist, discovered a larch trunk embedded within Paektu Mountain. After radiocarbon dating, the larch was determined to be 264 years old which coincides with the 946 AD eruption. Its tree rings are being studied and many new discoveries are being made about North Korea during that time.

In northeastern China, a large volcanic eruption in the early Cretaceous caused the fossilization of an entire ecosystem known as the Jehol Biota when powerful pyroclastic flows inundated the area. The deposits include many perfectly preserved fossils of dinosaurs, birds, mammals, reptiles, fish, frogs, plants, and insects.

Europe
Europe's volcanoes provide unique information about the history of Italy. Mount Vesuvius, a stratovolcano, last erupted in March 1944, located in southern Italy. In 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted covering the city of Pompeii in molten lava, ash, pumice volcanic blocks, and toxic gases. The entire eruption lasted 12 to 18 hours. Afterwards, everything was perfectly preserved and fossilized by the volcanic ash and has provided valuable information about the Roman culture. Also, in Italy, Stromboli volcano, a stratovolcano, last erupted in July 2019.

North America

Several volcanic eruptions have been studied in North America. On 18 May 1980, Mount St. Helens, a stratovolcano in Washington state, erupted, spreading five hundred million tons of tephra ash across Washington, Oregon, Montana and Idaho causing earthquakes, rockslides, and megatsunami which severely altered the topography of nearby areas. In Yellowstone National Park, eruption-related flooding caused trees to collapse and wash into lake beds where they fossilized. Nearby forests were flooded, removing bark, leaves, and tree limbs. In 2006, the Augustine Volcano in Alaska erupted generating earthquakes, avalanches, and projected tephra ash approximately two hundred and ninety kilometers away. This dome volcano is over forty thousand years old and has erupted 11 times since 1800.

South America

In South America, there are several historic active volcanoes. In southern Chile, the Chaitén volcano erupted in 2011 adding 160 meters to its rim. Prehistoric weapons and tools, formed from obsidian tephra blocks, were dated at 5,610 years ago and were discovered 400 km away. Due to the location of the subduction zone of the eastern Pacific's Nazca Plate, there are twenty one active volcanoes in southern Peru. In 2006, fossils, found under a layer of volcanic ash in Peru, were excavated by a team of paleontologists led by Mark D. Uhen, professor at George Mason University. The fossils were identified as 3 different types of archaeocetes, prehistoric whales, and are older than 36.61 million years which, as of 2011,  makes them the oldest whale fossils discovered.

References

External links

Volcanic materials identification

Igneous petrology

de:Pyroklastisches Sediment
pl:Materiał piroklastyczny
sv:Pyroklastiskt material

Tephra


Belalan, Samsun ilinin Kavak ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarih

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 63 km, Kavak ilçesine 13 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kavak'ın mahalleleri

Belalan, Kavak


Agape International Missions (AIM) est une organisation non gouvernementale à but non lucratif, non confessionnelle, qui travaille pour sauver, guérir et autonomiser les survivants du trafic sexuel au Cambodge.

Historique
AIM a été fondée par Bridget et Don Brewster, un ancien pasteur de l'Adventure Christian Church en Californie, en 1989, et a commencé ses activités au Cambodge en 2006. L'organisation a ouvert son premier centre d'accueil et de restauration pour les anciens enfants esclaves sexuels dans le village de Svay Pak, au Cambodge.

Organisation et missions
AIM a du personnel en Californie et en Asie du Sud-Est et mène des initiatives de logement, d'éducation, de santé, d'emploi, de réadaptation et de soins communautaires au Cambodge. The AIM Apparel est un site de vente au détail qui vend des bijoux et d'autres produits fabriqués par des survivants et soutient les initiatives de l'organisation. AIM a reçu le sceau d'or de la transparence de GuideStar USA, Inc. en 2019. Charity Navigator a attribué à AIM la note la plus élevée de 4 étoiles sur 4 et une note de 100 sur 100 pour la responsabilité et la transparence.

AIM dispose d'une équipe SWAT, autorisée par le gouvernement cambodgien, qui mène des enquêtes, fait des descentes dans des lupanars et des établissements de sexe indirect (c'est-à-dire des cafés en plein air, des salons de massage, des salons, des bars de karaoké, des espaces de vente au détail et des sites non commerciaux), sauve des victimes de la traite sexuelle, et arrête les auteurs aux côtés des forces de l'ordre cambodgiennes. AIM sauve également des filles et des femmes victimes de trafic sexuel à destination de la Chine.

Les victimes secourues reçoivent un soutien, une éducation, des opportunités d'emploi, et plus encore, elles sont prises en charge afin de sortir de la  prostitution enfantine.

Références

Phnom Penh
Mission chrétienne
Association ou organisme de lutte contre la traite des êtres humains

Agape International Missions


ASCII (İngilizce: American Standard Code for Information Interchange, Türkçe: Bilgi Değişimi İçin Amerikan Standart Kodlama Sistemi) Latin alfabesi üzerine kurulu 7 bitlik bir karakter kümesidir. İlk kez 1963 yılında ANSI tarafından standart olarak sunulmuştur.

ASCII'de 33 tane basılmayan kontrol karakteri ve 95 tane basılan karakter bulunur. Kontrol karakterleri metnin akışını kontrol eden, ekranda çıkmayan karakterlerdir. Basılan karakterler ise ekranda görünen, okuduğumuz metni oluşturan karakterlerdir. ASCII'nin basılan karakterleri aşağıda belirtilmiştir.

ASCII yazdırma karakterleri

32-126 arası sayılar klavyenizde bulabileceğiniz ve bir belgeyi görüntülediğinizde veya yazdırdığınızda görünen karakterlere atanmıştır. 127 SİL komutunu gösterir.

ASCII yazdırma karakterleri tablosu

ASCII tablosu

Genişletilmiş ASCII yazdırma karakterleri

Genişletilmiş ASCII karakterler ek karakter talebini karşılar. Genişletilmiş ASCII'de (aşağıdaki grafikte görüntülenen 0-32 arası sayılar) yer alan 128 karaktere ek olarak 128 karakter daha bulunur, böylece toplam karakter sayısı 256'ya ulaşır. Bu ek karakterlerle bile, birçok dilde 256 karaktere katılamayan simgeler vardır. Bu nedenle, bölgesel karakter ve simgeleri karşılamak için ASCII çeşitlemeleri vardır.

Örneğin, Kuzey Amerika, Batı Avrupa, Avustralya ve Afrika dillerine ait yazılım programlarında ISO 8859-1 olarak da bilinen ASCII tablosu kullanılır.

Genişletilmiş ASCII yazdırma karakterleri tablosu

 Ondalık Karakter     Ondalık 	Karakter
 128 	Ç 		192 	└
 129 	ü 		193 	┴
 130 	é 		194 	┬
 131 	â 		195 	├
 132 	ä 		196 	─
 133 	à 		197 	┼
 134 	å 		198 	╞
 135 	ç 		199 	╟
 136 	ê 		200 	╚
 137 	ë 		201 	╔
 138 	è 		202 	╩
 139 	ï 		203 	╦
 140 	î 		204 	╠
 141 	ì 		205 	═
 142 	Ä 		206 	╬
 143 	Å 		207 	╧
 144 	É 		208 	╨
 145 	æ 		209 	╤
 146 	Æ 		210 	╥
 147 	ô 		211 	╙
 148 	ö 		212 	Ô
 149 	ò 		213 	╒
 150 	û 		214 	╓
 151 	ù 		215 	╫
 152 	ÿ 		216 	╪
 153 	Ö 		217 	┘
 154 	Ü 		218 	┌
 155 	¢ 		219 	█
 156 	£ 		220 	▄
 157 	¥ 		221 	▌
 158 	₧ 		222 	▐
 159 	ƒ 		223 	▀
 160 	á 		224 	α
 161 	í 		225 	ß
 162 	ó 		226 	Γ
 163 	ú 		227 	π
 164 	ñ 		228 	Σ
 165 	Ñ 		229 	σ
 166 	ª 		230 	µ
 167 	º 		231 	τ
 168 	¿ 		232 	Φ
 169 	⌐ 		233 	Θ
 170 	¬ 		234 	Ω
 171 	½ 		235 	δ
 172 	¼ 		236 	∞
 173 	¡ 		237 	φ
 174 	« 		     238     ε
 175 	» 		239 	∩
 176 	░ 		240 	≡
 177 	▒ 		241 	±
 178 	▓ 		242 	≥
 179 	│ 		243 	≤
 180 	┤ 		244 	⌠
 181 	╡ 		245 	⌡
 182 	╢ 		246 	÷
 183 	╖ 		247 	≈
 184 	╕ 		248 	≈
 185 	╣ 		249 	∙
 186 	║ 		250 	·
 187 	╗ 		251 	√
 188 	╝ 		252 	ⁿ
 189 	╜ 		253 	²
 190 	╛ 		254 	■
 191 	┐ 		255

ASCII yazdırma dışı denetim karakterleri

ASCII tablosundaki 0-31 arasındaki sayılar, yazıcı gibi bazı çevresel aygıtları denetlemek için kullanılan denetim karakterlerine atanmıştır. Örneğin, 12 form besleme/yeni sayfa işlevine ayrılmıştır. Bu komut yazıcıya bir sonraki sayfanın başına atlama bilgisi verir.

ASCII yazdırma dışı denetim karakterleri tablosu
 Ondalık 	Karakter 		Ondalık 	Karakter
 0 	boş 		                16 	veri bağlantısından çık
 1 	başlık başlangıcı 		17 	aygıt denetimi 1
 2 	metin başlangıcı 		18 	aygıt denetimi 2
 3 	metin sonu 		        19 	aygıt denetimi 3
 4 	aktarım sonu 		        20 	aygıt denetimi 4
 5 	sorgu 		                21 	olumsuz bildirim
 6 	bildirim 		        22 	zaman uyumlu boşta kalma
 7 	zil 		                23 	aktarım bloğu sonu
 8 	geri al 		        24 	iptal
 9 	yatay sekme 		        25 	ortam sonu
 10 	satır besleme/yeni satır 	26 	değiştir
 11 	dikey sekme 		        27 	çık
 12 	form besleme/yeni sayfa 	28 	dosya ayırıcısı
 13 	satır başı 		        29 	grup ayırıcısı
 14 	dışarı kaydır 		        30 	kayıt ayırıcısı
 15 	içeri kaydır 		        31 	birim ayırıcısı

Dış bağlantılar
  Ascii.uzerine.com
 The ASCII subset of Unicode
 The Evolution of Character Codes, 1874-1968
 Scanned copy of American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASA standard X3.4-1963

ASCII


Palheiro da Terra es un islote a cerca de 850 metros al noroeste de la isla de Salvaje Grande (en portugués: Selvagem Grande), en las Islas Salvajes (Ilhas Selvagens), Región Autónoma de Madeira, al oeste de Portugal.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización de la Isla

Palheiro da Terra

Palheiro da Terra


جزيرة فلوريس هي جزيرة من المجموعة الغربية (جروبو Ocidental) من جزر الازور. تبلغ مساحتها 143 كيلومتر مربع، ويبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 3907 نسمة. تم اكتشافها سنة 1452 عن طريق البحار ديقو دي تيفي وإبنه جواو. ولما اعلموا لكريستوفر كولومبس عن اكتشافهم أعطاهم كجائزة امتياز احتكار تجارة السكر في جزر ماديرا.

في الجزيرة سبع بحيرات صغيرة بشبهو فوهات البراكين، فيه كهف كبير, أبعاده 50 متر ارتفاع و 25 مترا عرض، الشلالات موجودة بكثرة عدى عن الينابيع الساخنة، أعلى قمة في الجزيرة على ارتفاع 914 متر فوق سطح البحر.
وهي من المناطق النشطة بركانيا في حوض البح المتوسط

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة لجزر فلوريس:

مراجع

الأزور
براكين طبقية في البرتغال
جبال البرتغال
جزر الأزور

جزر فلوريس


Olaylar
 Prusya ve İtalya, Avusturya'ya saldırarak Yedi Hafta Savaşı'nı başlattılar
 11 Mart - İlk özel Türkçe gazete olan Tercüman-ı Ahval yayınına son verdi.
 7 Haziran - İzmir-Aydın arasında kurulan ilk demiryolu hattı açıldı
 3 Temmuz – Sadowa Muharebesi (veya Königgrätz Muharebesi) ile Yedi Hafta Savaşı sona erdi. 23 Ağustos'ta Prag Antlaşması imzalandı.
 Avrupa ile Amerika arasındaki ilk başarılı telgraf kablosu atlantiğe Great Eastern gemisi tarafından döşendi.
 Rus yazar Dostoyevski'nin en büyük romanı kabul edilen Suç ve Ceza yayımlandı.
 Norveçli tiyatro yazarı Henrik İbsen'in Brand adlı eseri yayımlandı.

Doğumlar
 26 Nisan - Adelheid Steinmann, Alman politikacı ve kadın hakları aktivisti (ö. 1925)
 10 Haziran - Arthur Castrén, Fin siyasetçi (ö. 1946)
 10 Eylül - Jeppe Aakjær, Danimarkalı yazar (ö. 1930)
 9 Ekim
 Philippe Berthelot, Fransız diplomat (ö. 1934)
 Emine Nazikeda, VI. Mehmed'in eşi (ö. 1941)
 12 Kasım - Sun Yat-sen, modern Çin'in kurucusu, devrimci lider (ö. 12 Mart 1925)

Ölümler
 15 Ocak - Massimo d'Azeglio
 3 Şubat - François-Xavier Garneau
 9 Mart - Alphonse-Marie-Marcellin-Thomas Bérenger
 5 Nisan - Thomas Hodgkin
 21 Nisan - Jane Welsh Carlyle
 26 Nisan - Hermann Goldschmidt
 13 Mayıs - Ippolito Caffi
 7 Haziran - Şef Seattle
 20 Temmuz - Bernhard Riemann
 1 Ağustos - John Ross
 11 Ağustos - Philippe Buchez
 26 Ağustos - Joseph Weydemeyer
 26 Eylül - Carl Jonas Love Almqvist
 25 Eylül/7 Ekim - Aleksandr Filippoviç Kaşevarov
 18 Ekim - Manuel Bulnes
 ?? Kasım - Sabah II Al-Sabah
 19 Kasım - Francesco Della Suda
 18 Aralık - Salomon Rafael Kamondo
 31 Aralık - Ateş Mehmet Paşa

???
 Garabet Amira Balyan
 Han Mahmud
 Âşık Seyrani

1866


Yelis (Yéilis, Yeilis, Ye'lis), Yelis je Kojot, kulturni heroj Indijanaca Coos, Alsea, Yaquina i drugih plemena s obale Oregona. Iako se Yelis u nekim pričama kod Coosa ponaša kao varalica, on je također ozbiljnija transformatorska figura koja uči ljude kako živjeti i pomaže oblikovati svijet za njih, pa je stoga bio cijenjen lik među plemenima Oregonske obale.

Izvori

Indijanska mitologija (prevaranti)
Indijanska mitologija (transformeri)
Alsea mitologija
Kusan
Yaquina

Yelis


Hammarland is a municipality of Åland, an autonomous territory of Finland.

The municipality has a population of
() and covers an area of  of
which
is water. The population density is
.

The municipality is unilingually Swedish.  of its population has Swedish as their native language, making Hammarland one of the municipalities with the highest percentage of Swedish-speakers in Finland.

Märket, the westernmost point of Finland, is an exclave of Hammarland.

The most significant main road of Hammarland is the Highway 1 between Mariehamn and Eckerö.

References

External links

 Municipal of Hammarland – Official website The official website of Hammarland]

Municipalities of Åland

Hammarland


Die evangelische Kirche ist ein denkmalgeschütztes Kirchengebäude in Donop, einem Stadtteil von Blomberg im Kreis Lippe (Nordrhein-Westfalen).

Geschichte und Architektur
Die Kirche unterstand ursprünglich dem Patrozinium des hl. Paulus. Der kleine Saalbau mit eingezogenem Chorquadrat wurde im 12. Jahrhundert aus Bruchstein gemauert. Der quadratische Westturm ist etwas jünger. Die Rundbogenfenster wurden Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts vergrößert. Der querarmartige Südanbau stammt vermutlich vom Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts. An der Nordseite der Kirche unter einem Schleppdach befindet sich das Grabgewölbe der Familie von Donop zu Altendonop. Es wurde 1703 gebaut und 1810 erweitert. Neben dem Eingang wurde ein großer Wappengrabstein der Familie von Donop von 1681 angebracht. Im Innenraum ruhen Kreuzgratgewölbe über Schildbögen auf abgestuften Eckvorlagen. In die Turmhalle wurde ein Längstonnengewölbe eingezogen. Die Wand- und Gewölbemalereien stammen überwiegend vom Anfang des 16. Jahrhunderts. Sie wurden von 1964 bis 1966 aufgedeckt und ergänzt. Es wurden u. a. gemalte Wandbehänge, Kapitelle und Gewölberippen gefunden.

Ausstattung
 Die Kanzel vom Anfang des 17. Jahrhunderts wurde 1728 renoviert und 1939 umgebaut.
 Der romanische Taufstein wurde 1992 zur Kelchform ergänzt.
 Die Orgel wurde 1970 unter Verwendung des Orgelprospektes von 1691 gebaut, das neue Brustwerk wurde mit Teilen der Emporenbrüstung von 1689 verkleidet.
 Die Herrschaftsempore mit gedrechselten Säulen und beschnitzten Brüstungsfeldern wurde um 1670 vermutlich von Cordt Scheffer gebaut. Die Empore wurde 1965 in den Südanbau umgesetzt.
 Eine Glocke vom 14. Jahrhundert und eine von 1650.

Literatur
 Georg Dehio, unter wissenschaftlicher Leitung von Ursula Quednau: Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler. Nordrhein-Westfalen II Westfalen. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin/München 2011 ISBN 978-3-422-03114-2

Weblinks
 Geschichte und Fotos (abgerufen am 21. März 2012)

Baudenkmal in Blomberg
Donop
Donop
Erbaut im 12. Jahrhundert
Denkmal des Monats in Westfalen-Lippe
Donop

Evangelische Kirche Donop


السمة (cognomen ) كان الاسم الثالث لمواطن من روما القديمة، بموجب اتفاقيات التسمية الرومانية. في البداية، كان لقب، لكنه فقد هذا الغرض عندما أصبح وراثي. تم استخدام السمة بشكل وراثي لزيادة الاسم الثاني (اسم العائلة، أو اسم العشيرة) من أجل تحديد فرع معين داخل الأسرة أو الأسرة داخل العشيرة. كما اتخذ المصطلح معاني معاصرة أخرى.

انظر أيضًا
 اصطلاحات التسمية الرومانية

المراجع

روابط خارجية
 Harold Whetstone Johnston (revised Mary Johnston), The Private Life of the Romans, 1932, Chapter 2: Roman Names

أسماء
اصطلاحات التسمية الرومانية

سمة (الرومان)


Alice Carter Cook ( - ), (née Alice Carter ), est une botaniste et auteure américaine dont les collections de plantes sont maintenant détenues par la Smithsonian Institution et l'Académie des sciences naturelles de Philadelphie. Alice Cook est la première femme à obtenir un doctorat en botanique dans une université américaine.

Biographie
Alice Carter est né à New York le 8 avril 1868 de Samuel Thompson Carter et Alantha Carter (née Pratt). Son père est un ecclésiastique à Huntington, New York .

Alice Carter étudie au Mount Holyoke Seminary avant de s'inscrire à l'Université de Syracuse pour son doctorat. Elle obtient son diplôme en 1888, recevant le premier doctorat en botanique pour une femme d'une université américaine.

Alice Carter enseigne à Mount Holyoke pendant trois ans avant de fréquenter l'Université Cornell où elle obtient une maîtrise en botanique en 1892. Cette même année, elle épouse le botaniste Orator Fuller Cook. Le couple voyage ensuite en expéditions en Afrique et aux îles Canaries.

Alice Carter Cook travaille avec la botaniste Henrietta Hooker. Alice a deux fils et deux filles; son fils Robert Carter Cook est généticien et démographe.

Elle meurt le 14 juin 1943. Ses collections de plantes sont données à la Smithsonian Institution et à l'Académie des sciences naturelles.

Ouvrages
En plus des publications botaniques, Cook rédige plusieurs articles dans le Popular Science Monthly et le Ladies' Home Journal .

Alice Cook écrit également un profil anthropologique des peuples autochtones des îles Canaries et publié des poèmes, des nouvelles et deux pièces de théâtre .

Références

Liens externes

 Notes de terrain d'Alice Carter Cook, 1893-1897 dans les archives de la Smithsonian Institution
 Cook, Alice (A.Cook) . Index des botanistes (Author name) . Herbiers de l'Université de Harvard
 Cook, Alice Carter . plantes mondiales, JSTOR

Étudiant du Mount Holyoke College
Étudiant de l'université de Syracuse
Botaniste américain du XIXe siècle
Botaniste américain du XXe siècle
Naissance en avril 1868
Décès en juin 1943
Femme botaniste
Naissance à New York
Décès à 75 ans

Alice Carter Cook


Korea Train eXpress (), often known as KTX (), is South Korea's high-speed rail system, operated by Korail. Construction began on the high-speed line from Seoul to Busan in 1992. KTX services were launched on April 1, 2004.

From Seoul Station the KTX lines radiate with stops at Seoul Station, Yongsan station towards Busan and Gwangju. A new line from Wonju to Gangneung was completed in December 2017 to serve the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang.

The current maximum operating speed for trains in regular service is , though the infrastructure is designed for . The initial rolling stock was based on Alstom's TGV Réseau, and was partly built in Korea. The domestically developed HSR-350x, which achieved  in tests, resulted in a second type of high-speed trains now operated by Korail, the KTX Sancheon. The next generation KTX train, HEMU-430X, achieved 421.4 km/h in 2013, making South Korea the world's fourth country after  Japan, France and China to develop a high-speed train running on conventional rail above 420 km/h.

History

Origins of the project
The Seoul-Busan axis is Korea's main traffic corridor. In 1982, it represented 65.8% of South Korea's population, a number that grew to 73.3% by 1995, along with 70% of freight traffic and 66% of passenger traffic. With both the Gyeongbu Expressway and Korail's Gyeongbu Line congested as of the late 1970s, the government saw the pressing need for another form of transportation.

The first proposals for a second Seoul-Busan railway line originated from a study prepared between 1972 and 1974 by experts from France's SNCF and the Japan Railway Technical Service on a request from the IBRD.  A more detailed 1978-1981 study by KAIST, focusing on the needs of freight transport, also came to the conclusion that separating long-distance passenger traffic on a high-speed passenger railway would be advisable, and it was adopted in the following Korean Five Year Plan.

During the following years, several feasibility studies were prepared for a high-speed line with a Seoul–Busan travel time of 1 hour 30 minutes, which gave positive results.  In 1989, following the go-ahead for the project, the institutions to manage its preparation were established: the Gyeongbu High Speed Electric Railway & New International Airport Committee, and the High Speed Electric Railway Planning Department (later renamed HSR Project Planning Board).  In 1990, the planned Seoul–Busan travel time was 1 hour 51 minutes, the project was to be completed by August 1998, and costs were estimated at 5.85 trillion South Korean won in 1988 prices, 4.6 trillion of which were to be spent on infrastructure, the remainder on rolling stock.

As planning progressed, the Korea High Speed Rail Construction Authority (KHSRCA) was established in March 1992 as a separate body with its own budget responsible for the project.  In the 1993 reappraisal of the project, the completion date was pushed back to May 2002, and cost estimates grew to 10.74 trillion won.  82% of the cost increase was due to a 90% increase in unit costs in the construction sector, mostly labour costs but also material costs, and the remainder due to alignment changes.  To finance the project, the option of a build-operate-transfer (BOT) franchise was rejected as too risky.  Funding included direct government grants (35%), government (10%) and foreign (18%) loans, domestic bond sales (31%) and private capital (6%).

Creation of the system

Start of high-speed line construction

KHSRCA started construction of the Seoul–Busan Gyeongbu high-speed railway (Gyeongbu HSR) on June 30, 1992, on the  long section from Cheonan to Daejeon, which was intended for use as test track.

Construction started before the choice of the main technology supplier, thus alignment design was set out to be compatible with all choices.  Of the planned  line,  would be laid on bridges, and another  in tunnels.  However, plans were changed repeatedly, in particular those for city sections, following disputes with local governments, while construction work suffered from early quality problems.  Planned operating speed was also reduced from  to the  maximum of high-speed trains on the market.  Three competitors bid for the supply of the core system, which included the rolling stock, catenary and signalling: consortia led by GEC-Alsthom, today Alstom, one of the builders of France's TGV trains; Siemens, one of the builders of Germany's ICE trains; and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, one of the builders of Japan's Shinkansen trains.  In 1994, the alliance of GEC-Alsthom and its Korean subsidiary Eukorail were chosen as winner.

The technology was almost identical to that found on the high-speed lines of France's TGV system.  Track-related design specifications included a design speed of  and standard gauge.

Phase 1: Seoul–Daegu and conventional line upgrades

Following the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, the government decided to realise the Gyeongbu HSR in two phases. In a first phase, two-thirds of the high-speed line between the southwestern suburbs of Seoul and Daegu would be finished by 2004, with trains travelling along the parallel conventional line along the rest of the Seoul–Busan route. The upgrade and electrification of these sections of the Gyeongbu Line was added to the project, and also the upgrade and electrification of the Honam Line from Daejeon to Mokpo, providing a second route for KTX services. The budget for the first phase was set at 12,737.7 billion won, that for the entire project at 18,435.8 billion won in 1998 prices.  While the share of government contributions remained unchanged, the share of foreign loans, domestic bond sales and private capital changed to 24%, 29% and 2%.

The infrastructure and rolling stock were created in the framework of a technology transfer agreement, which paired up Korean companies with core system supplier Alstom and its European subcontractors for different subsystems. Alstom's part of the project amounted to US$2.1 billion or €1.5 billion.

Well ahead of the opening of the Gyeongbu HSR for regular service, in December 1999,  of the test section, later extended to , was finished to enable trials with trains.  After further design changes, the high-speed tracks were finished over a length of , with  of interconnections to the conventional Gyeongbu Line, including at a short interruption at Daejeon. The high-speed section itself included  of viaducts and  of tunnels. Conventional line electrification was finished over the  across Daegu and on to Busan, the  across Daejeon, and the  from Daejeon to Mokpo and Gwangju. After 12 years of construction and with a final cost of 12,737.7 billion won, the initial KTX system with the first phase of the Gyeongbu HSR went into service on April 1, 2004.

Phase 2: Daegu–Busan, extra stations, urban sections
The Daegu–Busan section of the Gyeongbu HSR became a separate project with the July 1998 project revision, with a budget of 5,698.1 billion won, with funding from the government and private sources by the same ratios as for phase 1.  In August 2006, the project was modified to again include the Daejeon and Daegu urban area passages, as well as additional stations along the phase 1 section. For these additions, the budget as well as the government's share of the funding was increased.

Construction started in June 2002.  The  line, which follows a long curve to the northeast of the existing Gyeongbu Line, includes 54 viaducts with a total length of  and 38 tunnels with a total length of .  The two largest structures are the  Geomjeung Tunnel, under Mount Geumjeong at the Busan end of the line; and the  Wonhyo Tunnel, under Mount Cheonseong south-west of Ulsan, which will be the longest and second longest tunnels in Korea once the line is opened.

A long dispute concerning the environmental impact assessment of the Wonhyo Tunnel, which passes under a wetland area, caused delays for the entire project.  The dispute gained nationwide and international attention due to the repeated hunger strikes of a Buddhist nun, led to a suspension of works in 2005, and only ended with a supreme court ruling in June 2006.  With the exception of the sections across Daejeon and Daegu, the second phase went into service on November 1, 2010.  By that time, 4,905.7 billion won was spent out of a second phase budget, or 17,643.4 billion won out of the total.

The two sections across the urban areas of Daejeon and Daegu, altogether , will be finished by 2014. As of October 2010, the total cost of the second phase was estimated at 7,945.4 billion won, that for the entire project at 20,728.2 billion won.  The last element of the original project that was shelved in 1998, separate underground tracks across the Seoul metropolitan area, was re-launched in June 2008, when an initial plan with a  long alignment and two new stations was announced.

Further upgrades of connecting conventional lines

The electrification and the completion of the re-alignment and double-tracking of the Jeolla Line, which branches from the Honam Line at Iksan and continues to Suncheon and Yeosu, began in December 2003, with the aim to introduce KTX services in time for the Expo 2012 in Yeosu.  The upgrade will allow to raise top speed from .  The section of the perpendicular Gyeongjeon Line from Samnangjin, the junction with the Gyeongbu Line near Busan, to Suncheon is upgraded in a similar way, with track doubling, alignment modifications and electrification for .  The until Masan was opened on December 15, 2010.  The upgrade is to be complete until Jinju by 2012 and Suncheon by 2014. The top speed of the AREX line, Seoul's airport link, is to be raised from  for the KTX.

The Ulsan–Gyeongju–Pohang section of the Donghae Line is foreseen for an upgrade in a completely new alignment that circumvents downtown Gyeongju and connects to the Gyeongbu High Speed Railway at Singyeongju Station, allowing for direct KTX access to the two cities.  On April 23, 2009, the project was approved by the government and a ground-breaking ceremony was held.  The altogether  line is slated to be opened in December 2014.

On September 1, 2010, the South Korean government announced a strategic plan to reduce travel times from Seoul to 95% of the country to under 2 hours by 2020. The main new element of the plan is to aim for top speeds of  in upgrades of much of the mainline network with view to the introduction of KTX services. The conventional lines under the scope of the plan include the above, already on-going projects, and their extensions along the rest of the southern and eastern coasts of South Korea, lines along the western coast, lines north of Seoul, and the second, more easterly line between Seoul and Busan with some connecting lines.

Further high-speed lines

Honam HSR
Until 2006, the first plans for a second, separate high-speed line from Seoul to Mokpo were developed into the project of a line branching from the Gyeongbu HSR and constructed in two stages, the Honam High Speed Railway (Honam HSR). The budget for the  first stage, from the new Osong Station on the Gyongbu HSR to Gwangju·Songjeong Station, was set at 8,569.5 billion won.  The second stage, the  remaining to Mokpo, was to be finished by 2017 with a budget of 2,002.2 billion won.  The Osong-Iksan section of the first phase is also intended for use as high-speed test track for rolling stock development, to be fitted with special catenary and instrumented track.  The ground-breaking ceremony was held on December 4, 2009. As of September 2010, progress was 9.6% of the  project budget then estimated at 10,490.1 billion won for the first phase, which was due for completion in 2014, while the estimate for the entire line stood at 12,101.7 billion won.

Suseo HSR
First plans for the Honam HSR foresaw a terminus in Suseo station, southeast Seoul.  The branch to Suseo was re-launched as a separate project, the Suseo High Speed Railway (Suseo HSR), in June 2008.  Detailed design of the  line is underway since September 2010, with opening planned by the end of 2014.  For the longer term, new high-speed lines from Seoul to Sokcho on the eastern coast, and a direct branch from the Gyeongbu HSR south to Jinju and further to the coast are under consideration. In conjunction with the award of the 2018 Winter Olympics to PyeongChang in July 2011, KTX service via the eastern coast line was anticipated; the expected travel time there from Seoul is 50 minutes.

Jeju Island
In January 2009, the Korea Transport Institute also proposed a  line from Mokpo to Jeju Island, putting Jeju 2 hours 26 minutes from Seoul. The line would include a  bridge from Haenam to Bogil Island and a  undersea tunnel from Bogil Island to Jeju Island (with a drilling station on Chuja Island), for an estimated cost of US$10 billion.  As the proposal was popular with lawmakers from South Jeolla Province, the government is conducting a feasibility study, but the Jeju governor expressed skepticism. The Seoul-Jeju route has been mentioned as the world's busiest air route with 9.9 million passengers in 2011.
 However, Jeju Gov. Won Hee-ryong opposed this plan since it would ruin the island's identity and make the Jeju economy more dependent on the mainland.

Rolling stock

KTX-I

The initial KTX-I trainsets, also known as simply KTX or as TGV-K, are based on the TGV Réseau, but with several differences. 46 trains were built - the initial twelve in France by Alstom, the remainder in South Korea by Rotem.  The 20-car electric multiple units consist of two traction heads, which are powered end cars without passenger compartments, and eighteen articulated passenger cars, of which the two extreme ones have one motorised bogie each. A KTX-I was built to carry up to 935 passengers at a regular top speed of , later increased to .

KTX-Sancheon

For less frequented relations and for operational flexibility, a 2001 study proposed a train created by scaling down the planned commercial version of the HSR-350x, by shortening the train, removing powered bogies from intermediate cars, and lowering top speed.
Hyundai Rotem received orders for altogether 24 such trains, called KTX-II, in three batches from July 2006 to December 2008.

Design speed is , and revenue service speed is .  The power electronics uses newer technology than the HSR-350x, and the front is a new design, too.  The trainsets, of which two can be coupled together, consist of two traction heads and eight articulated passenger cars, and seat 363 passengers in two classes, with enhanced comfort relative to the KTX-I.  The domestic added value of the trains was increased to 87%, compared to 58% for the KTX-I. Imported parts include the pantographs, semiconductors in the power electronics, front design, couplers and final drives.

The train was developed on the basis of the transferred TGV technology, but more advanced technology was used for the new motors, power electronics and additional brake systems, while the passenger cars were made of aluminum to save weight, and the nose was a new design with reduced aerodynamic drag.  Test runs were conducted between 2002 and 2008, in the course of which HSR-350x achieved the South Korean rail speed record of  on December 16, 2004.

The KTX-II was officially renamed as KTX-Sancheon (Hangul: KTX-산천) after the Korean name of the indigenous fish cherry salmon before the first units started commercial service on March 2, 2010.

However within weeks of its initial launch, mechanical and design flaws began to appear, in some cases causing trains to stop running and forcing passengers to leave the train and walk back to the station, and in one particular case derailing from the tracks on February 11, 2011. Although the trains were designed to be a domestically built replacement for the French built Alstrom trains, due to over 30 malfunctions since March 2, 2010, Korail asked manufacturer Hyundai-Rotem to recall all 19 of the trains in operation after finding cracks in two anchor bands in May 2011.
 Following the recall, the KTX-Sancheon trains were put back in service.

In addition to the 24 initial KTX-Sancheon trains, which form the KTX-Sancheon Class 11, new batches have been ordered and delivered since, to provide service on the new Honam, Suseo and Gyeonggang lines. For the opening of the Honam HSR line, 22 trainsets, named Class 12, were delivered ahead of the 2015 opening. In addition, 10 trainsets have been delivered to provide service on the Suseo line, scheduled to open in December 2016 (Class 13), and 15 trainsets (Class 14) have been ordered for the Gyeonggang Line, which opened in late 2017 ahead of the 2018 Winter Olympics

KTX-Eum

The KTX-Eum entered service on Jungang Line on January 4, 2021, operating between electrified section of Cheongnyangni and Andong. A further order of 14 six-car units was placed in December 2016, both orders are to be delivered in 2020–2021.

List of KTX lines

Current lines

Future lines

Defunct lines

Operation

Following a phase of test operation, regular KTX service started on April 1, 2004, with a maximum speed of  achieved along the finished sections of the Gyeongbu HSR. In response to frequent passenger complaints regarding speeds on the video display staying just below the advertised 300 mark, operating top speed was raised to  on November 26, 2007.

Services

KTX services are grouped according to their route, and within the groups, the stopping pattern changes from train to train.  KTX trains not deviating from the Seoul–Busan corridor are operated as the Gyeongbu KTX service. In 2004, the new service cut the route length from , and the fastest trains, serving four stations only, cut the minimum Seoul–Busan travel time from the Saemaul's 4 hours 10 minutes to 2 hours 40 minutes.  With the extension of the Gyeongbu HSR, from November 1, 2010, the minimum Seoul–Busan travel time reduced to 2 hours 18 minutes, over a travel distance of .  From December 1, 2010, Korail added a pair of non-stop trains with a travel time of 2 hours 8 minutes.  Once the sections across Daejeon and Daegu are completed, cutting the Seoul–Busan travel distance to , plans foresee a further improvement of the four-stop travel time to 2 hours and 10 minutes.

Because both KTX and conventional trains in South Korea share a rail gauge (unlike in Japan), KTX trains can run on both networks dramatically increasing the number of destinations served.

Some Gyeongbu KTX services use parts of the conventional line paralleling the high-speed line. From June 2007 until October 2010, some trains left the Gyeongbu HSR between Daejeon and Dongdaegu to serve Gimcheon and Gumi before the opening of an extra station for the two cities on the high-speed line. From November 1, 2010, when most Gyeongbu KTX services began to use the new Daegu–Busan high-speed section, some trains remained on the Gyeongbu Line on that section, and additional trains began to use the Gyeongbu Line on the Seoul–Daejeon section to serve Suwon.

KTX trains using the Gyeongbu HSR only from Seoul to Daejeon and continuing all along the Honam Line are operated as the Honam KTX service.  In 2004, the new service with a route length of  between Yongsan in Seoul and Mokpo cut minimum travel time from 4 hours 42 minutes to 2 hours 58 minutes.  By 2017, this time is to be cut further to 1 hours 46 minutes.

On December 15, 2010, the new Gyeongjeon KTX service started with a minimum travel time of 2 hours 54 minutes over the  long route between Seoul and Masan.  The service is to be extended to Jinju by 2012. A fourth line, the Jeolla KTX service will connect Seoul to Yeosu in 3 hours 7 minutes from September 2011.  From 2014, with the completion of the first phase of the Honam HSR, the travel time is reduced further to 2 hours 25 minutes.  From 2015, KTX trains are to reach Pohang from Seoul in 1 hour 50 minutes.

Tickets and seats

Type of seats
KTX offers two classes: First Class and Standard Class. Tickets also specify whether a seat is forward-facing or backward-facing according to the direction of travel. First Class seats are arranged 2+1 across the train and Standard Class seats are configured 2+2. There are special reserved Family seats, which are grouped in four, including 2 forward-facing and 2 backward-facing seats. There are reserved seats and unassigned seats.  KTX trains have no restaurant cars or bars, only seat service. From 2006, one car of selected KTX services functions as a moving cinema.

Ticket prices

KTX fares were designed to be about halfway between those for conventional trains and airline tickets.  The fare system implemented at the start of service in April 2004 deviated from prices proportional with distance, to favour long-distance trips.  On April 25, 2005, fares were selectively reduced for relations under-performing most.

From November 1, 2006, due to rising energy prices, Korail applied an 8-10% fare hike for various train services, including 9.5% for KTX.  The price of a Seoul-Busan Standard Class ticket increased to 48,100 won.  From July 1, 2007, KTX fares were hiked another 6.5%, while those for the slower Saemaeul and Mugunghwa services on the parallel conventional route were raised by 3.5 percent and 2.5 percent, respectively.  However, new reduced weekday and unassigned seat fares were also introduced.

After the November 1, 2010, start of service on the Daegu–Busan section of the Gyeongbu HSR, the fare for KTX trains using the new section was set about 8% higher than for the old route via Miryang, while that for the new services via Suwon was set lower.

Discounts
Korail's standard discounts for children, disabled, seniors and groups apply on KTX trains, too. For frequent travellers, Korail's standard discount cards, which are categorised according to age group, apply with the double of the standard discount rates; while discount cards for business and government agency workers apply with the normal rate; both types of discounts are up to 30%.  Season period tickets with discounts of up to 60% can also apply to KTX trains.

Discounts for family seats (37.5%) and backward facing seats (5%) are specific to the KTX.  In addition to Korail's small general discounts for tickets purchased in a vending machine, via cell phone or the internet, discounts of 5–20% apply to a limited number of seats on KTX trains when purchased in advance.  For travellers who transfer to other long-distance trains towards destinations beyond KTX stops, transfer tickets with 30% discount apply.  Korail pays a refund for late KTX trains, which reaches 100% for trains with a delay above one hour.

Korea Rail Pass, a period ticket Korail offers to foreigners, also applies to KTX.  For passengers using the Korea-Japan Joint Rail Pass, a joint offer of Korail, Japanese railways and ferry services, the discount on KTX trains is 30%.

Passenger numbers and usage

Forecasts

When the project was launched, KTX was expected to become one of the world's busiest high-speed lines. The first study in 1991 forecast around 200,000 passengers a day in the first year of operation, growing to 330,000 passengers a day twelve years later.  In forecasts prepared after the decision to split the project into two phases, the expected first year ridership of Gyeongbu KTX services was reduced by about 40%. With the estimate for the Honam KTX services added to the plan, opening year forecasts ranged between 150,000 and 175,000 passengers a day.  Actual initial ridership after the opening of the first phase in 2004 was well short of initial expectations at around half of the final forecast.

In October 2010, before the opening of the second phase, Korail expected ridership to rise from the then current 106,000 to 135,000 passengers a day.

Ridership evolution

KTX was introduced on 1 April 2004. In the first 100 days, daily passenger numbers averaged 70,250, generating an operational revenue of about 2.11 billion won per day, 54% of what was expected.  On January 14, 2005, Prime Minister Lee Hae Chan stated that "the launch of KTX was a classic policy failure" due to construction costs significantly above and passenger numbers well below forecasts. However, ridership increased by over a third on the Gyeongbu KTX and over a half on the Honam KTX in two years. Financial break-even was forecast at a ridership level of around 100,000 passengers a day, which was expected by the end of 2006.

The 100 millionth rider was carried after 1116 days of operation on April 22, 2007, when cumulative income stood at 2.78 trillion won.  KTX finances moved into the black in 2007. The next year, with revenues equal to US$898 million and costs equal to US$654 million, KTX was Korail's most profitable branch.

By the sixth anniversary in April 2010, KTX trains travelled a total 122.15 million kilometres, carrying 211.01 million passengers.  Punctuality gradually improved from 86.7% of trains arriving within 5 minutes of schedule in 2004 to 98.3% in 2009.  In 2009, the average daily ridership was 102,700. As of April 2010, the single-day ridership record stood at 178,584 passengers, achieved on January 26, 2009, the Korean New Year.

By the tenth anniversary KTX had travelled a total 240 million kilometres, carrying 414 million passengers.

Market share and effect

The introduction of high-speed services had the strongest effect on long-distance relations with a significant portion of the journey on the high-speed line, like Seoul–Busan: KTX took both the majority of the market and the bulk of rail passengers in the first year already, increasing the total share of rail from around two-fifths to a market dominating two-thirds by 2008.  On long-distance relations with significant distances along conventional lines and resulting more modest travel time gains, that is along the Honam Line, the KTX and overall rail market share gain decreases with distance.  On medium-distance relations like Seoul–Daejeon, KTX gained market share mostly at the expense of normal rail express services and air traffic, and helped to increase the total share of rail. On short-distance intercity relations line Seoul–Cheonan, due to the modest gains in time and the location of KTX stops outside city cores, KTX gains were at the expense of conventional rail, while intercity rail's modal share was little changed.

By 2007, provincial airports suffered from deficits after a drop in the number of passengers attributed to the KTX. With lower ticket prices, by 2008, KTX has swallowed up around half of the airlines' previous demand between Seoul and Busan (falling from 5.3 million passengers in 2003 to 2.4 million). Though some low-cost carriers failed and withdrew from the route, others still planned to enter competition even at the end of 2008. Budget airlines achieved a 5.6% growth in August 2009 over the same month a year earlier while KTX ridership decreased by 1.3%, a trend change credited to the opening of Seoul Subway Line 9, which improved Gimpo International Airport's connection to southern Seoul.

In the first two months after the launch of the second phase of the Gyeongbu HSR, passenger numbers on flights between Gimpo and Ulsan Airports dropped 35.4% compared to the same period a year earlier, those between Gimpo and Pohang Airports 13.2%.  Between Gimpo Airport and Busan's Gimhae International Airport, airline passenger numbers remained stable (+0.2%), as a consequence of a budget airline competing with large discounts and aggressive marketing.  In the first month of Gyeongjeon KTX service, express bus services between Seoul and Masan or Changwon experienced 30–40% drops in ridership.

Technical and operational issues

State of infrastructure
Lawmakers criticised the safety of Korail's tunnels after the Ministry of Construction and Transportation submitted data to the National Assembly on June 13, 2005.  The ministry added fire prevention standards to high-speed line design standards only in November 2003, thus they weren't applied to the by then finished tunnels of the first phase of KTX.  Consequently, few tunnels had emergency exits, and in high-speed railway tunnels, the average walking distance in case of an emergency was , with a maximum of , against a norm of emergency exits every  in other countries.  A contingency plan for fires in KTX tunnels was incorporated into a national disaster manual in November 2005.

On October 5, 2008, it was revealed by lawmakers that inside Hwanghak Tunnel, from December 2004, inspectors have monitored the progression of several cracks and minor track displacements, which continued after maintenance work in March–April 2007 and again in March 2008.  The operator claimed that a February 2007 on-site inspection found the problems not safety-relevant, but pledged further maintenance, and an investigation into the causes was launched.  Tunnel reinforcement was under way in 2010.

Incidents and accidents

Operation irregularities mostly concerned the rolling stock, but also signalling, power glitches and track problems. The number of incidents decreased from 28 in the first month to 8 in the fifth.  The failure rate decreased sharply by the fifth year of operation.  Later, in the first eight months of regular service until October 2010, KTX-II trains broke down 12 times.  Causes for breakdowns in the first years of operation involved inexperienced staff and insufficient inspection during maintenance.

Lawmakers from the Grand National Party published an investigation in October 2006 and expressed concern about the practice to use parts from other trains for spare parts, but Korail stated that that is standard practice in case of urgency with no safety effect, and the supply of spare parts is secured.  Korail is also conducting a localisation program to develop replacements for two dozen imported parts.

On June 13, 2007, near Cheongdo on the upgraded Daegu–Busan section, a damper acting between two cars of a KTX train got free at one end due to a loose screw and hit the trackbed, throwing up ballast that hit cars and caused bruises to two people on the parallel road, until the train was stopped when passengers noticed smoke.

On November 3, 2007, an arriving KTX-I train collided with a parked KTX-I train inside Busan Station, resulting in material damage of 10 billion won and light injuries to two persons.  The accident happened because the driver had fallen asleep and disabled the train protection system, and led to the trial and conviction of the driver.  The railway union criticised single driver operation in conjunction with the two and a half hours rest time the driver had between shifts.

On February 11, 2011, a KTX-Sancheon train bound for Seoul from Busan derailed on a switch in a tunnel  before Gwangmyeong Station, when travelling at around . No casualties were reported, only one passenger suffered slight injury, but KTX traffic was blocked for 29 hours while repairs were completed. Preliminary investigation indicated that the accident resulted from a series of human errors. Because workers improperly repaired a point along the tracks. Investigators found that the derailment was caused by a switch malfunction triggered by a loose nut from track, and suspected that a repairman failed to tighten it during maintenance the previous night. The switch's detectors signalled a problem earlier, however, a second maintenance crew failed to find the loose nut and didn't properly communicate the fact to the control center, which then allowed the train on the track. The rail union criticised Korail's use of hired repairmen. there were no problems with the train according to investigation.

On July 15, 2011, 150 passengers were evacuated from a train when smoke started coming out of the train when it arrived at Miryang station at 11:30 AM. On July 17, 2011, at around 11 AM, a train stopped abruptly and stranded some 400 passengers in the  Hwanghak Tunnel for over an hour. The train resumed service after emergency repairs to a malfunctioning motor. A Korail spokesperson stated that the reason for the stop was due to "faults in the motor block that supplies power to the wheels". The same day, the air conditioning broke down on another train leaving Busan at 1:45 PM. Over 800 passengers were transferred to another train at Daejeon when the problem could not be fixed.

On December 7, 2018, a KTX train carrying 198 passengers derailed about five minutes after leaving Gangneung for Seoul injuring 15 passengers.  The train was traveling at about 103 km/h when almost all of its cars left the rails.

On January 5, 2022, a KTX-Sancheon train bound for Busan from Seoul carrying 303 passengers and crew derailed at 12:58 PM while passing a tunnel in Yeongdong of North Chungcheong Province, about 215 kilometers south of Seoul, injuring 7 passengers. The train was traveling at about 200 km/h when it partially derailed, resulting in a bogie wheel from car number 4 running off the track before being violently ejected from the train, throwing up ballast and causing structural damage to train cars. Subsequent KTX traffic was rerouted via the standard line, resulting in severe delays. Initially, it was believed that the derailment was caused by the train colliding with debris while passing Yeongdong Tunnel. However, evidence gathered from further investigation show that the missing bogie wheel was found inside Otan Tunnel, which is about 4 km before Yeongdong Tunnel, leading the investigating team to believe the train derailed due to faults within the wheel bogie assembly rather than from impact with debris. The exact cause and sequence of the derailment is still under investigation.

Passenger comfort and convenience

Passenger surveys in the first months found that the limited capacity of bus connections and the lack of subway connections for intermediate stations, especially the newly built stations Gwangmyeong and Cheonan-Asan, was the problem mentioned most often.  A better connection to Cheonan-Asan Station was provided by an extension of Seoul Subway Line 1 along the Janghang Line, opened on December 14, 2008.  Gwangmyeong Station was linked to the same subway line by a shuttle service on December 15, 2006, but it made little impact due to the longtime differences between KTX and subway train schedules.

The noise level in the trains during tunnel passages was also subject to passenger complaints. This was referred to as a tunnel effect; it referred to both noise and vibration of the train when traveling through two specific tunnels. The tunnel effect was specifically noted as a reason for passenger dissatisfaction. Sound waves that are generally dispersed in an open environment are reflected against the tunnel walls, which causes the sound waves to come in contact with the passenger cabin and produces noise.

A reduction by 3–4 dB was achieved by retrofitting all trains with longer mud flaps at car ends until May 2006 to smooth the airflow at the articulated car joints. However, measurements in 2009 found significantly higher interior noise levels at some locations in two tunnels. Window thickness and sound insulation was improved in the KTX-II. The rails for high-speed trains like the KTX are welded together via a special techniques that make the rail a solid continuous rail; this method reduces the noise volume, which is produced by the wheels' contact with the rail, but it is not fully eliminated.

The isolation of KTX-I trains against pressure variations during tunnel passages was insufficient for some passengers, leading to efforts to reinforce pressurization in newer generations of trains. Pressure variations have been known to cause passengers to experience ringing in their ears; the ventilation systems on the passenger cabins are sealed when the train enters a tunnel in order to reduce the pressure changes. Pressure variations were not the only train cabin-associated complaint; KTX passengers were also known to have been negatively affected by inconsistent speeds of the trains.

Some KTX passengers found high-speed travel in backwards facing seats dizzying. Along with dizziness, feelings of nausea, headache, and sleepiness could also be experienced. Motion sickness was also noted as having had a minimal effect on KTX passengers; however, it still made an impact on passenger ride comfort. When the original seats were selected for the KTX trains, the anthropometry of the main consumers, who were largely expected to be Korean, were not considered. The seat design was found to have a significant effect on how passengers on the KTX trains rated the experience of their trip. Among the various factors that were considered to be vectors of discomfort were the angle of joints and specific areas of pressure, which were discovered to be present after an analysis of questionnaires that were completed by recent passengers. The factors of the seats of concern to KTX passengers were the shape, pitch, width, and the amount of legroom between the rows of seats. Swivel seats, which can be turned into the direction of travel, installed only on First Class in KTX-I trains, were made standard on both classes on newer generations of trains.

Studies have shown that term "ride comfort" has been used as an all-encompassing term for the KTX passengers' over all experience on the trains. While the KTX train is based on the French TGV model, it is considered to be more comfortable. The passengers' overall experience with regards to over-all ride comfort has been looked at as a combination of their physical health and emotional state. Fares were not included in the aforementioned questionnaires on ride comfort as there were variations in pricing due to seat arrangement, as well as weekday/weekend rates.

See also

 Tilting Train Express
 Transport in South Korea
 Train to Busan, a horror film in which the KTX features heavily in the plot
 Saemaeul-ho
 Mugunghwa-ho

References
 Citations

 Bibliography

External links

 KTX : Visitseoul - Official Seoul City Tourism

High-speed rail in South Korea
High-speed trains

Korea Train Express


Kenta Suzuki (født 16. september 1985) er en japansk tidligere professionel fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Ventforet Kofu og SC Sagamihara.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Kenta Suzuki


Lyubov Petrovna Orlova (; 29 Haziran 1902 - 26 Haziran 1975), Sovyetler Birliği'nin tanınmış sinema ve tiyatro oyuncusu ve şarkıcıdır.

Orta sınıf bir ailenin çocuğu olarak Moskova yakınlarındaki Zvenigorod şehrinde doğdu ve Yaroslavl şehrinde büyüdü. 7 yaşında Feodor İvanoviç Şalyapin tarafından yeteneği fark edildi.

Ailesi için para kazanması gereken Lübov konservatuvara gidemedi. İlk kocası 1930 yılında tutuklanan Sovyet ekonomist Andrey Berzin'dir. Ancak bu olay kariyerine engel olmaz.

1934'te özellikle Jolly Fellovs adlı komedi filminde oldukça başarılı bir performans sergiler ve Stalin'in sempatisini kazanır. Daha sonra yönetmen Grigori Aleksandrov ile evlenir.

Sonraki yıllarda Sovyet klasikleri içine girecek 4 popüler filmde rol alır. Sirk (1936), Volga-Volga (1938), Parlak Patika(1940) ve Bahar (1947). 1950'li yıllarda Sovyetlerin en çok bilinen film yıldızıdır. Bu yıllardan sonra ayrıca Yuri Zavadski'nin tiyatro yapımlarında rol almıştır.

Filmleri
 Petersburg Gecesi (Петербургская ночь , 1933)
 Jolly Fellovs (Веселые ребята, 1934)
 Sirk (Цирк, 1936)
 Volga-Volga (Волга-Волга , 1938)
 Parlak Patika (Светлый путь , 1939)
 Bahar (Весна, 1946) ( Venice Film Festivali'nde kadın oyuncu özel ödülü)
 Elba'da Buluşma (Встреча на Эльбе , 1950)

Dış bağlantılar

 Biyografi ve fotoğraflar
 Lübov Orlova Müzesi Sitesi

1902 doğumlular
1975 yılında ölenler
20. yüzyılda kadın oyuncular
Sovyet kadın şarkıcılar
Sovyet kadın oyuncular
Rus kadın şarkıcılar
Moskova'da defnedilenler
Novodeviçi Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Pankreas kanserinden ölenler
SSCB Halk Sanatçıları
Rus kadın sinema oyuncuları

Lyubov Orlova


Eimskip, egentlig Eimskipafélag Íslands, er et islandsk rederi etableret i 1914. Det har hovedkontor i Reykjavík og kontorer i 16 andre lande.

Eimskip er Islands ældste rederi. Det koncentrerede sig længe om transport til og fra Island, men er i dag engageret i søtransport verden over. Selskabet ejer efter en fusion i 2004 det færøske rederi Faroe Ship, der tidligere hed Skipafelagið Føroyar.

Eksterne henvisninger
Officielt netsted

Virksomheder fra Island
Etableret i 1914
Transport på Færøerne
Transport på Island

Eimskip


Aman Doktor, Candan Erçetin'in 2005 yılının son günlerinde çıkardığı müzik albümüdür. Albümde, Türk-Yunan ortak kültürüne ait geleneksel şarkıların yeni yorumları yer almaktadır. Şarkıları yarı Türkçe, yarı Yunanca olarak yorumlayan Erçetin, müzikal anlamda ürün yelpazesini oldukça genişletmiş, genel anlamda beğeni ve takdir toplayan bu yedinci stüdyo albümünü, bir "ara albüm" olarak değerlendirmiştir.

Albümün kutulu özel basımında parçalara dair hikâye ve yorumların olduğu, resimlerle desteklenmiş bir kitap da dinleyenlere sunulmuştur.

Sanatçının DMC ile çalıştığı ilk albümüdür. Albümün müzik yapımcısı Tolga Görsev'dir.

Albümdeki şarkılar

Candan Erçetin albümleri
2005 albümleri

Aman Doktor


3 Hürel veya 3 Hür-El, Onur (1948), Haldun (1949) ve Feridun Hürel (1951) kardeşler tarafından 1970 yılında Trabzon'da kurulan Anadolu rock grubu.

İlk isimleri Yankılar'dır. Ancak Yankılar isminin daha önce başka bir grup tarafından kullanıldığını öğrenince isimlerini İstanbul Dörtlüsü olarak değiştirirler. Daha sonra sırayla Trio İstanbul, Oğuzlar, Alizeler ve Biraderler isimlerini kullanırlar.

Müzikle tanışmaları babalarının sınıf geçme hediyesi olarak eve getirdiği akordiyon sayesinde olur.

İlk kez 27 Kasım 1965'te Fatih'de Kamer Düğün Salonu'nda sahne alırlar. Çaldıkları ilk şarkı The Young Ones'dır. 1966 yılında bir arkadaşları ile birlikte İstanbul Dörtlüsü'nü kurarlar.

1967 yılında Oğuzlar isimli gruplarını kurar ve Zeki Müren'in Benim olsan sana verirdim ben canımı parçasını twist formda yorumlayarak Hürriyet Gazetesi'nin düzenlediği Altın Mikrofon Yarışması'na katılırlar.

1967 yılı sonlarında uzun sure kullanacakları Biraderler isimini alırlar. Bu isimle daha ciddi mekanlarda konserler vermeye başlarlar. Ancak isimlerinin duyulmasını sağlayan asıl önemli şey zamanın popüler müzik dergisi olan Diskotek'e verdikleri röportajdır. Bu röportaj konserlerinde sadece kendi bestelerini çalan, sahneye hippi kostümleri çıkan grubun tanınmasında önemli bir rol oynar. Saçları da okulda kendilerine sorun çıkaracak kadar uzundur artık. Feridun kardeş Vefa Lisesi'nden okulu bitirmesine birkaç ay kalmışken atılır. Lise tahsilini Pertevniyal Lisesi'nde tamamlar. Diskotek dergisinin düzenlediği yarışmada ikinci olurlar. 1968'de artık tüm kardeşler lise tahsillerini tamamlamıştır.

70'li yılların başında Feridun Hürel Selçuk Alagöz Orkestrası'nda çalmaya başlar. Selçuk Alagöz'le Türkiye'nin birçok yerinde konserlere katılma fırsatı bulur. Diğer kardeşler Biraderler'le bir Anadolu turnesine katılır ve bu çalışmalarla kazandıkları paralarla yeni enstürümanlar alma fırsatı bulurlar. Daha sonra Onur ve Haldun kardeşler de Selçuk Alagöz Orkestrasına katılacak ve bir 6 ay da beraber çalışacaklardır. Kendi ayakları üzerinde durmak ve kendi özgün müziklerini meydana getirmek için 20 Temmuz 1970'te kendi tabirleri ile Kabataş Vapur İskelesi'nde enstrümanlarla dolu bir minibüste 3 Hürel grubunu kurarlar. Fakir bir ailenin mensubu olan Hürel kardeşler için en büyük engel yeni enstrümanlara sahip olamamaktır. Bu yıllarda daha sonra grubun sembollerinden biri olacak olan babası ile beraber yaptıkları çift saplı saz-gitar diye adlandırdıkları ve günümüze kadar taşıdıkları enstrümanları sahneye çıkar.

İlk 45'likleri Ve Ölüm/Şeytan Bunun Neresinde olur. Yeni plaklarla birlikte ünleri hızla yayılır. Dergi listelerinin üst sıralarında dolaşmaya başlarlar.

Daha sonraki yıllarda Diskotür etiketi taşıyan birçok 45'lik yaparlar. 1973 yılında yaptıkları ilk uzunçalarları ile Türk Popu dergisinin verdiği Altın Plak ödülünü alırlar.

1975'te Onur'un askerliği nedeni ile grup çalışmalarına 6 ay kadar ara verir. Aynı durum 1977 yılında Feridun ve Haldun'un askerliği nedeni ile tekrarlanır ve bu, grubun iki sene müziğe ara vermesine neden olur. Feridun ve Haldun kardeşlerin askerlikleri sırasında annelerini kaybederler. Onur ve Haldun bu dönemden sonra evlenip müziği bırakırken Feridun şansını İngiltere'de denemek ister. Ancak orada aradığını bulamaz. 1981 yılında yurda döner ancak müziği bırakır ve reklamcılık sektöründe çalışmaya başlar. Aynı zamanda İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi ve Yeditepe Üniversitesi'nde öğretim görevlisi olarak görev yapar. Diğer kardeşlerden Haldun Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi ve Acıbadem Üniversitesi'nde öğretim görevlisidir. Onur ise eğitimci olur ve İsmet İnönü İlköğretim Okulunda öğretmenliğe devam eder. Kendisi koyu bir Trabzonsporludur.

Kardeşler 1996'da müzik için tekrar bir araya gelir ve 1996'da Efsane…Yeniden, 1999'da 1953 Hürel adlı iki albüm daha yayınlarlar.

Grup Üyeleri
 Feridun Hürel (Vokal, Gitar, Saksofon)
 Onur Hürel (Bas Gitar)
 Haldun Hürel (Bateri)

Diskografi

45'likler
 1970 Ve Ölüm / Şeytan Bunun Neresinde
 1970 Gurbet Türküsü / Didaydom
 1971 Pembelikler / Ağıt
 1972 Lazoğlu / Gül'e Ninni
 1972 Yara / Döner Dünya
 1973 Ağlarsa Anam Ağlar / Kara Yazı
 1973 Madalyonun Ters Yüzü / Haram
 1973 Canım Kurban / Anadolu Dansı
 1974 Ömür Biter Yol Bitmez / Sevenler Ağlarmış
 1975 Hoptirinom / Mutluluk Bizim Olsun
 1975 Gönül Sabreyle Sabreyle / Küçük Yaramaz
 1976 Boştur Boş / Ben Geçerim Gönül Geçmez

Feridun Hürel Solo 45'lik
 1974 Bir Sevmek Bin Defa Ölmek Demekmiş / Üzülmeye Değmez Hayat

Albümler
 1973 3 Hürel
 1974 Hürel Arşivi
 1996 Efsane…Yeniden
 1999 1953 Hürel

Eşlik Ettikleri 45'likler
 1969 Düğün Alayı / Bir Gölge Gibi - Selçuk Alagöz Orkestrası ile
 1972 Dertli Kaval / Beni Hor Görme Kardeşim - Ersen ile
 1972 Onbeşinde Aldım Sazı / Haram - Aziz Azmet ile
 1972 Aşk Böyledir / Gönüllerde Bahar - Alpay ile
 1972 Masa Üstünde Testi / Kapı Önünde Durdum - Meral Atakök ile
 1974 Bir Mevsim Daha Geçti /Keçi Vurdum Çayıra - Nesrin Sipahi ile

Derleme albümler
 1994 - Volume 1
 1994 - Volume 2
 1998 - Kent Ozanları 1
 2000 - Eski 45'likler
 2008 - 3 Hürel Şarkıları - Sonsuza Kadar

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 3 Hürel'in resmi web sitesi

Türk rock müzik grupları
Anadolu rock grupları
1970'te kurulan müzik grupları
İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi öğretim üyeleri
Resim aranan müzisyenler

3 Hürel


An Carex rorulenta in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Pietro Porta. An Carex rorulenta in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Baleares. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex rorulenta


Regnbuelorien (Trichoglossus moluccanus) er en papegøjeart, som lever i Australien. Den er almindelig langs østkysten fra det nordlige Queensland til South Australia. Den holder til i regnskov, åbne skovområder og i villakvarterer.

Regnbuelorier er indført til Perth i Western Australia, Tasmanien, Auckland i New Zealand og Hong Kong.

Taksonomi
Regnbuelorier er ægte papegøjer i overfamilien Psittacoidea i ordenen Psittaciformes. Regnbuelorien blev tidligere regnet for en underart af bjerglorien (Trichoglossus haematodus),  men er nu udskilt som en selvstændig art. Arten omfatter tre underarter: Swainsons lori (Trichoglossus moluccanus moluccanus), Lake Eyre lori (T. m. eyrei) og den nordmolukkanske lori (T. m. septentrionalis).

Rødnakket lori (T. rubritorquis) har længe været regnet for en underart til regnbuelorien, men i dag anser de fleste større autoriteter dem for at være to forskellige arter. Derudover førte en gennemgang i 1997 til en anbefaling om at udskille nogle af de mest markante varianter fra De små Sundaøer som selvstændige arter: rødbrystet lori (T. forsteni), marigoldlori (T. capistratus) og floreslori (T. weberi). Denne anbefaling følges af stadig flere større autoriteter.

Beskrivelse
Regnbuelorien er en mellemstor papegøje med en længde, inklusiv halen, på 25 til 30 cm. Vægten ligger mellem 55 og 157 g. Fjerdragten er i meget klare farver. Hovedet er dybt blåt med en gulgrøn nakke, mens resten af oversiden (vinger, ryg og hale) er grøn. Brystet er orange og bugen blå. I flugten ses et gult bånd på de røde undervinger.

Der er næsten ingen synlig forskel på kønnene, men det er muligt for en erfaren iagttager at se forskel. Hannen har en koncentreret orange farve på brystet i modsætning til hunnen som har lidt gult iblandet det orange. Hannen har også et mere firkantet hoved end hunnen.

Ungfugle har et sort næb, som gradvist bliver orange hos de voksne fugle.

Levevis
Regnbuelorier færdes ofte parvis men samles nogle gange i flokke for derefter at spredes i par igen. Om aftenen samles regnbuelorierne og overnatter i store flokke, som kan tælle titusinder af fugle. Regnbuelorien forsvarer sine fødesteder og redeområde aggressivt mod andre regnbuelorier og andre fuglearter. De jager ikke kun mindre fugle som hvidpandet bjældefugl og buskhonningæder væk, men også større fugle som australsk fløjtefugl.

Føde

Regnbuelorien lever fortrinsvis af frugt, pollen og nektar, og dens tunge er tilpasset denne føde. Tungespidsen har en gruppe fine hår, som er tilpasset indsamling af pollen og nektar fra blomster. Nektar fra eucalyptus, Pittosporum, Grevillea, Spathodea campanulata (afrikansk tulipantræe) og Metroxylon sagu (sagopalme) er en vigtig fødekilde. Regnbuelorien spiser frugter fra figentræer, trema, Mutingia, såvel som papaya og mango allerede åbnet af storflagermus. De spiser også afgrøder som æbler, majs og sorghum.  De er hyppige gæster ved fodersteder i haver, hvor de i bedste fald får nektar (indkøbt i forretninger), solsikkefrø og frugt som æbler, pærer og vindruer. Mange fodrer dog med brød eller brød med honning. Det har ikke tilstrækkeligt med næringsindhold, vitaminer og mineraler og kan føre til problemer med helbredet og fjerdannelsen hos ungfugle.

Mange steder, heriblandt campingpladser og forstadshaver, er vilde lorier så vant til mennesker, at de kan håndfodres. Dyreparker som  Currumbin Wildlife Sanctuary og  Lone Pine Koala Sanctuary i Queensland er kendt for deres mange lorier, som publikum kan håndfodre.

Yngleforhold

Regnbuelorien yngler normalt om foråret (september til december), men det kan variere fra region til region afhængigt af fødemængden og klimaet. Den bygger sin rede i f.eks. huller i høje træer som eucalyptus, palmestammer eller udhængende klipper. Regnbuelorien kan godt have sin rede i samme træ som andre regnbuelorier eller andre fuglearter. Hunnen lægger 1 - 3 æg, som hun udruger på omkring 25 dage.

Regnbuelorier er fortrinsvis monogame og danner par i lange perioder og ofte for hele livet.

Status
Generet er regnbuelorien vidt udbredt og mange steder almindelig. I følge den årlige Birdlife Australia fugletælling, er det den hyppigst observerede fugl i Australien. Den har derfor status som ikke truet hos BirdLife International.

Som skadedyr

Regnbuelorier blev i 1960'erne ved et uheld sluppet løs i den sydvestlige del af Western Australia nær University of Western Australia. De har siden da været betragtet som skadedyr i denne del af Australien. Regnbuelorien er en alvorlig konkurrent til lokale arter både når det gælder føde og redehuller. Arter som blåkronet lori, smalnæbbet ravnekakadu, og ringparakit er hårdt ramt eller helt fortrængt.

I New Zealand havde en bestand af regnbuelorier etableret sig efter at en beboer i Auckland illegalt slap et betydeligt antal fugle fri, som var opdrættet i fangenskab. I 1999 havde en bestand på 150–200 fugle etableret sig, og vist at de kunne klare sig i New Zealands klima og miljø. Department of Conservation, som varetager naturbeskyttelse i New Zealand, frygtede at regnbuelorien ville udkonkurrere lokale honningædere og at den kunne være en trussel for den oprindelige natur på steder som Little Barrier Island. Fuglene blev indfanget i 2000-2002. Siden har man indfanget mindre flokke andre steder i New Zealand, men der er ikke længere levedygtige bestande af vilde regnbuelorier.

Mange frugtplantageejere anser regnbuelorien for at være et skadedyr, da de ofte flyver i flok og kan rydde hele træer for frugt. I bebyggede områder er de upopulære hos nogle, fordi de støjer og klatter på udendørs områder og biler.

Referencer

Kilder
 Artiklen er helt eller delvis oversat fra Wikipedia på engelsk

 World Parrot Trust Parrot Encyclopedia - Species Profiles
 BirdLife Species Factsheet
 Michiana Bird Society lorikeet page
 The Dangers of Feeding Lorikeets (NSW Office of Environment and Heritage)
 Audio field-recording of a pair of Lorikeets
 Rainbow Lorikeet on the Atlas of Living Australia
 Rainbow Lorikeet - Avibase

Eksterne henvisninger

Papegøjer
Fugle fra Australien

Regnbuelori


Gheorghe Sârbu este numele purtat de mai mulți oameni:
Gheorghe Sârbu (1866-1937), delegat la Marea Adunare Națională de la Alba Iulia
 (1869-1934), om politic din Bucovina

Gheorghe Sârbu (dezambiguizare)


FX é uma marca usada por vários canais de televisão diferentes em todo o mundo, de propriedade da Disney International Operations, uma subsidiária da The Walt Disney Company. O FX foi originalmente estabelecido como um canal de televisão a cabo padrão ou premium nos Estados Unidos, mas se expandiu em todo o mundo.

Canais atuais

Canadá
Em 6 de agosto de 2011, a Rogers Sports & Media firmou um contrato de licenciamento com a FX Networks para lançar a FX Canada como um canal de televisão paga. A rede, lançada em 1 de novembro de 2011, apresenta uma mistura de séries originais do FX; adquiriu filmes e séries americanas; e programação canadense original e eventos esportivos (conforme exigido pelas regras de conteúdo canadense impostas pela Comissão de Radiodifusão e Telecomunicações Canadenses). A licença de transmissão da FX Canada exige que 15% de sua programação consista em conteúdo canadense em seu primeiro ano, 20% em seu segundo ano e 25% em seu terceiro ano.

Em 18 de maio de 2018, o Remstar Media Group firmou um contrato de licenciamento separado para transportar um bloco de programação da marca FX em francês no canal Max.

 FX
 FXX

América Latina
 A FX Networks América Latina inclui o FX.

Turquia
O FX foi lançado na Turquia em 14 de abril de 2008 na plataforma digital D-Smart. Também está disponível nas plataformas digitais Teledünya e Tivibu.

Antigos canais

Ásia
Em 2004, a Fox Networks Group Asia e a STAR TV (através de um acordo de distribuição) fizeram uma parceria para lançar o FX Asia. O canal é dividido em quatro serviços: um canal nacional distribuído em grande parte do continente e três canais regionais que atendem a Coréia do Sul e as Filipinas. O canal foi encerrado em 1 de outubro de 2021, com a maior parte de seu conteúdo sendo transferido para o hub de conteúdo Star no Disney+ (para Singapura, Filipinas, Hong Kong e Taiwan) e Disney+ Hotstar (para a região do Sudeste Asiático fora de Singapura e Filipinas).

 FX Southeast Asia
 FX Philippines

Austrália
 FX foi um canal australiano lançado em 26 de fevereiro de 2012. Em 28 de fevereiro de 2018, a FX cessou a transmissão na Foxtel e todos os seus programas foram transferidos para o Fox Showcase.

Grécia
 FX foi um canal grego lançado em 31 de dezembro de 2009. Em 1 de outubro de 2012, o canal foi substituído pela Fox.

Índia
 FX foi um canal indiano operado de 2012 a 2017.

Itália
 FX foi um canal italiano lançado em 21 de maio de 2006. Devido à baixa audiência, o canal foi fechado em 1 de julho de 2011.

América Latina
 A FX Networks América Latina incluía o FXM, que foi encerrado em 1 de abril de 2022.

Oriente Médio
 FX foi lançado no Oriente Médio como um canal aberto junto com o restante dos canais da marca Fox (que incluem National Geographic, Nat Geo Wild, STAR Movies, Fox Movies, Fox Rewayat, Fox Family Movies , Fox Action Movies, STAR World, FOX, FX, Fox Life, Fox Crime, Channel V International e Baby TV). Os canais posteriormente se tornaram criptografados em vez de gratuitos, como parte de beIN network. O canal foi encerrado em 1 de dezembro de 2022 junto com Fox Family Movies e Fox Crime.

Portugal
 FX foi um canal português lançado em 2005. Em novembro de 2015, o canal foi rebatizado como Fox Comedy.

África do Sul
 FX era um canal sul-africano de televisão por satélite, parte da oferta da StarSat em 1 de maio de 2010. Foi fechado em 3 de outubro de 2016, juntamente com o Fox Crime, que fechou em 30 de setembro de 2016, para ser substituído pelo Fox Life

Reino Unido e Irlanda
 FX foi um canal britânico e irlandês lançado em 12 de janeiro de 2004. Em 2013, o canal foi rebatizado como Fox. Mais tarde, fechou em 1 de julho de 2021, com a maior parte de seu conteúdo sendo transferida para o hub de conteúdo Star no Disney+.

Ver também
 FX
 Fox (internacional)
 Fox Crime
 Fox Life
 Fox Sports International

Referências

Canais de televisão Disney
Fox Networks Group
Internacional

FX (internacional)


Atça Parkı, Atça'daki sekiz ana caddenin birleştiği yerde bulunan park, mahallenin merkezi.

Çapı 95 metre bir daire olup 7084,625 metrekarelik bir alanı kaplar. Sekiz ana caddenin birleştiği bu nokta dinlenme ve eğlenme yeridir. İlk önceleri içerisinde çocuk bahçesi, hayvanat bahçesi gibi bölümlerden oluşan parkta, bu gün aile çay bahçesi ve çocuk parkı bulunmaktadır.

Kaynakça
 atca09.com

Aydın'daki parklar

Atça Parkı


14501 Tetsuokojima este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
14501 Tetsuokojima este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Ōizumi de Takao Kobayashi. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,21 ua, o excentricitate de 0,14 și o înclinație de 5,3° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 14001-15000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1995
Centura de asteroizi

14501 Tetsuokojima


NGC 6958 je eliptična galaktika u zviježđu Mikroskopu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6958
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6958 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 6958  DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6950 - 6999

6958
Galaksije u Mikroskopu

NGC 6958