ජාතික නිදහස් දිනය

16 වැනි සියවස තරම් අතීතයේ සිට, ලොව පුරා ජාතීන්ගේ ආර්ථික සාර්ථකත්වය යටත් විජිතයන් මත රඳා පැවතිණි.  මෙහි ප්‍රතිපලයක් ලෙස පෘතුගාලය,නෙදර්ලන්තය වැනි රටවල් ඔවුනගේ අනසක අග්නිදිග ආසියාව කරා පැතිරවීම කෙරෙහි සිය අවධානය යොමු කරන ලදී. තමා සතු සම්පත් වලින් පොහොසත් යටත්විජිතයන්හි පෘතුගීසීහු ස්වදේශිකයන්ව ස්තාපිත කලහ.මේ නිසාවෙන් ශ්‍රී ලංකාව වැනි දුපත් කෙරෙහි ලෝකවාසීන්ගේ අවධානය යොමු විය. අප රට තුළ ඇති සම්පත් මඟින් බොහෝ ධනය ඉපැයිය හැකි බව පෘතුගීසීන්ට අවබෝධ විය. මේ හේතුව නිසාවෙන්  පෘතුගීසීන්ගේ ව්‍යාපාරික අවධානය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ යටත් විජිත ප්‍රදේශ වෙත එල්ල විය. මේ අතර ලන්දේසීන්ට ද ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ යෝග්‍යතාවය පිළිබඳව සැලවීම හේතුවෙන්  පෘතුගීසීන් සහ ලන්දේසීන් අතර ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පාලනය පිළීබඳ තරඟයක් ඇතිවිය.

පෘතුගාලය සහ නෙදර්ලන්තය ශ්‍රී ලංකාව යටත් කර ගැනීමෙන් අනතුරුව මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය ද සිය බලය අග්නිදිග ආසියාව කරා පැතිරවීම ආරම්භ කරන ලදී. බලවත් වූ ආර්ථික සහ හමුදා ශක්තියක් පැවති මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය පෘතුගීසි හා ලන්දේසි ප්‍රතිවාදීන් මෙල්ල කලේය.එහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙස ශ්‍රී ලංකාව මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයේ ද ආධිපත්‍යයටද  නතු වූ අතර 1815 වන විට  මුළු දිවයිනේම පාලනය මහා බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය අතට පත් විය. බ්‍රිතාන්‍යය ජාතිකයන් විසින් මෙම දිවයින "සිලෝන්" යන නාමයෙන් නම් කරන ලදී. බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය පාලන කාලය තුළදී  ශ්‍රී ලංකා වේ සමීපත්, ජනතාව  හා භූමිය බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය සමාගම් වල නිෂ්පාදන ධාරිතාව වැඩි කරගැනීමට යොදා ගන්නා ලදී.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ස්වෛරීභාවය දිනාගැනීමේ අරමුණින් ලාංකීය මධ්‍යම පාන්තිකයින් වසර 30 ක පමණ කාලයක සිට සාමකමි අරගලයක නිරත විය. ගොන්ගාලේ ගොඩබණ්ඩා.වීර පුරන් අප්පු වැනි ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨ විරුවන් නිදහස ලබා ගැනීමේ සටනට නොබියව සටන් කළ අය වේ. ශ්‍රී  ලංකාවේ නිදහස් අරගලයට ලැබෙන සහාය තව තවත් වැඩිවිය.  ඒ අනුව, වර්ෂ 1948 පෙබරවාරි මස  4 වැනි දින ශ්‍රී ලංකාව බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය අධිරාජ්‍යයෙන් මිදී ඩොමීනියන් රාජ්‍යයක් බවට පත් වූ අතර වර්ෂ 1972  දී ශ්‍රී ලංකාව බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයට සම්බන්ධ නොවන ස්වාධීන රාජ්‍යයක් බවට පත් විය.

ශ්‍රී ලංකා නිදහස් දිනය


Abelisauridae este un grup de dinozauri din care fac parte Abelisaurus, Aucasaurus și Carnotaurus.

Cel mai mare dintre aceștia era Carnotaurus, care avea fălci  puternice, făcute pentru a rupe carne. Carnotaurus este cunoscut datorită cutelor de piele, capului pătrat și coarnelor (de aici denumirea). Era un alergător de cursă lungă.

Cel mai mic era Aucasaurus. Avea dimensiunile unei mașini și se hrănea cu ouăle și puii sauropodelor, care au trăit acum 84 milioane de ani.

Primul abelisaurid care a apărut a fost Abelisaurus. Acesta vâna  sauropode, ca Agustinia, un sauropod robust ce avea de-a lungul șirii spinării plăci osoase. Toți acești dinozauri au trăit pe teritoriul de astăzi al Argentinei.

Legături externe

Abelisauridae at The Theropod Database

Abelisauridae


Viscount Soulbury, of Soulbury in the County of Buckingham, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 July 1954 for the Conservative politician Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Baron Soulbury at the end of his term as Governor-General of Ceylon. He was son of Herwald, son of James and brother of Rev Alexander Ramsbotham. He had already been created Baron Soulbury, of Soulbury in the County of Buckingham, on 6 August 1941, also in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He was succeeded by his elder son, James, the second Viscount, who lived most of his life in Sri Lanka and gave his maiden speech 13 December 1984. The second Viscount was succeeded by his younger brother, Peter. Better known as Sir Peter Ramsbotham, he was a distinguished diplomat and notably served as British Ambassador to the United States between 1974 and 1977. Sir Peter's son, Oliver, fourth Viscount, succeeded in 2010.

Viscounts Soulbury (1954)
Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury (1887–1971)
James Herwald Ramsbotham, 2nd Viscount Soulbury (1915–2004)
Peter Edward Ramsbotham, 3rd Viscount Soulbury (1919–2010). He did not use the title.
 Professor Oliver Peter Ramsbotham, 4th Viscount Soulbury (b. 1943). He does not use the title.

The heir apparent is the present holder's son, the Hon. (Edward) Herwald Ramsbotham (b. 1966).

Line of Succession

  Herwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount Soulbury (1887 - 1971)
  Peter Edward Ramsbotham, 3rd Viscount Soulbury (1919 - 2010)
  Oliver Peter Ramsbotham, 4th Viscount Soulbury (born 1943)
 (1) Hon. Edward Herwald Ramsbotham (b. 1966)
 (2) Hon. Benedict Oliver David Ramsbotham (b. 1967)
 (3) Hon. Alexander Meredith Ramsbotham (b. 1969)
 (4) Hon. Simon Edward Ramsbotham (b. 1949)
 (5) David James Peter Ramsbotham (b. 1981)

References

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.

Viscountcies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1954
Noble titles created for UK MPs

Viscount Soulbury


Magomadas (sardinski: Magumàdas) je grad i općina (comune) u pokrajini Oristanu u regiji Sardiniji, Italija. Nalazi se na nadmorskoj visini od 263 metra i ima 666 stanovnika. Prostire se na 9,02 km². Gustoća naseljenosti je 74 st/km².Susjedne općine su: Bosa, Flussio, Modolo i Tresnuraghes.

Izvori

Općine u pokrajini Oristano

Magomadas


An Juncus sherei in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Miyam. ngan Hideaki Ohba. An Juncus sherei in nahilalakip ha genus nga Juncus, ngan familia nga Juncaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Juncus

Juncus sherei


Cergy-Préfecture is a railway station in Cergy, France. The station was opened on  and receives trains from Paris-Saint-Lazare as well as the RER.

The station is underground and has two platforms. The entire area above and around the station is built up and the département council has its offices next to the station (hence the station's name). The station is at the heart of a transport interchange at level -1 with the bus station at ground level. Level 1 is a large concrete slab plaza with shops and living apartments.

Cergy–Préfecture only has two platforms, with the platform situated between both tracks. Walls at platform level were painted with graffiti with messages of peace to discourage vandals. The general ambiance of the station is rather dark, but secure but CCTV monitoring the interchange.

Rail services link Cergy to Cergy-le-Haut and the Western Paris suburbs. Buses serve the ville nouvelle and particularly Pontoise and the rest of Val-d'Oise département.

See also

 List of stations of the Paris RER

External links

Agence des gares

Réseau Express Régional stations
Cergy - Prefecture
Railway stations in Val-d'Oise

Cergy-Préfecture station


Washington/Wells es una estación en las líneas Rosa, Naranja, Marrón y Púrpura del Metro de Chicago. La estación se encuentra localizada en 100 North Wells Street en Chicago, Illinois. La estación Washington/Wells fue inaugurada el 17 de julio de 1995.  La Autoridad de Tránsito de Chicago es la encargada por el mantenimiento y administración de la estación.

Descripción
La estación Washington/Wells cuenta con 2 plataformas laterales y 2 vías.

Conexiones
La estación es abastecida por las siguientes conexiones de autobuses:
 Rutas del CTA Buses
  #11 Lincoln/Sedgwick
  #14 Jeffery Express
  #20 Madison (Owl Service)
  #X20 Washington/Madison Express
  #56 Milwaukee
  #60 Blue Island/26th (Owl Service)
  #124 Navy Pier
  #157 Streeterville

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Estación Washington/Wells
 Líneas y estaciones del Metro de Chicago

Estaciones de Metro de Estados Unidos inauguradas en 1995
Estaciones de la línea Rosa (Metro de Chicago)
Estaciones de la línea Púrpura (Metro de Chicago)
Estaciones de la línea Naranja (Metro de Chicago)
Estaciones de la línea Marrón (Metro de Chicago)

Washington/Wells (Metro de Chicago)


Pontius Pilatus (? - yaklaşık MS 36), MS 26-36 yılları arasında Roma İmparatorluğu'nun Yahudiye eyaletinin valisi. Bazı kaynaklarda savcı olduğu belirtilir.

Pilatus'un hayatı hakkındaki bilgilerin çoğu İncil'den gelmektedir. Yahudilerin binlerce yıldır beklediği kurtarıcı, Mesih olduğunu iddia eden İsa, "halkı isyana teşvik etmek" suçuyla yargılandı. Pontius Pilatus bu mahkemeye başkanlık etti. Yargıç, din adamlarına "Ben İsa'nın kanını almam! Siz ne yaparsanız yapın!" diyerek yargılamadan kaçındığına inanılır. Her ne kadar İncil'in farklı bölümlerinde farklı diyaloglar olsa da, Hristiyan kaynakları özü itibarıyla bu konuda hemfikirdir.

Pontius'un karısı Procula, İsa'yı rüyasında gördüğünü ve rüyasında İsa adına acı çektiğini söyleyerek, eşinden İsa'yı ölüm cezasına çarptırmamasını istedi. Procula'nın bu isteği kabul edilmedi ama Pilatus yargılamadan çekildi. Bu nedenle Procula, Ortodoks kiliselerinde azîze kabul edilir.

Ceza infaz edildi ve İsa, Hristiyan kaynaklarına göre çarmıhta can verip üç gün sonra dirildi. İsa öldüğünde 33 yaşındaydı.

Kaynakça
Oxford Dictionary of English 2e, Pontius Pilate maddesi.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Quod scripsi, scripsi

MÖ 1. yüzyılda doğanlar
36 yılında ölenler
1. yüzyıl Romalıları
Romalı devlet adamları
Yeni Ahit'te adı geçen kişiler
İsa ve tarih
Hristiyanlık tarihi
Yahudiye
Pontius Pilate

Pontius Pilatus


Abū al-Fiḍā' 'Imād ad-Dīn Ismā'īl ibn 'Umar ibn Kathīr al-Qurashī al-Damishqī (Arabic: إسماعيل بن عمر بن كثير القرشي الدمشقي أبو الفداء عماد;  – 1373),  known as Ibn Kathīr (), was a highly influential Arab historian, exegete and scholar during the Mamluk era in Syria. An expert on tafsir (Quranic exegesis) and fiqh (jurisprudence), he wrote several books, including a fourteen-volume universal history titled Al-Bidaya wa'l-Nihaya.

His tafsir is recognized for its critical approach to Isra'iliyyat, especially among Western Muslims and Wahhabi scholars. His methodology largely derives from his teacher Ibn Taymiyyah, and differs from that of other earlier renowned exegetes such as Tabari. For that reason, he is mostly considered an Athari, despite being a Shafi'i jurist.

Biography
His full name was  () and had the laqab (epithet) of  ( "pillar of the faith").
His family trace its lineage back to the tribe of Quraysh. He was born in Mijdal, a village on the outskirts of the city of Busra, in the east of Damascus, Syria, around about AH 701 (AD 1300/1). He was taught by Ibn Taymiyya and Al-Dhahabi.

Upon completion of his studies he obtained his first official appointment in 1341, when he joined an inquisitorial commission formed to determine certain questions of heresy.

He married the daughter of  Al-Mizzi, one of the foremost Syrian scholars of the period, which gave him access to the scholarly elite. In 1345 he was made preacher (khatib) at a newly built mosque in Mizza, the hometown of his father-in-law. In  1366, he rose to a professorial position at the Great Mosque of Damascus.

In later life, he became blind. He attributes his blindness to working late at night on the Musnad of Ahmad Ibn Hanbal in an attempt to rearrange it topically rather than by narrator.
He died in February 1373 (AH 774) in Damascus. He was buried next to his teacher Ibn Taymiyya.

Creed

The records from modern researchers such as Taha Jabir Alalwani, Yazid Abdu al Qadir al-Jawas, and Barbara Stowasser has demonstrated important similarities between Ibn Kathir and his influential master Taqi al-Din Ibn Taymiyyah, such as rejecting logical exegesis of Qur'an, advocating a militant jihad and adhering to the renewal of one singular Islamic ummah. Furthermore, these scholars assert that like Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Kathir is to be categorised as an anti-rationalistic, traditionalistic and hadith oriented scholar. According to Jane McAuliffe in regards of Qur'anic exegesis, Ibn Kathir uses methods contrary to former Sunni scholars, and followed largely the methodology of Ibn Taymiyyah. Barbara Freyer contends that this anti-rationalistic, traditionalistic and hadith oriented approaches held by Ibn Kathir were shared not only by Ibn Taymiyyah, but also by Ibn Hazm, Bukhari independent Madhhab, and also scholars from Jariri, and Zahiri Maddhabs. According to Christian Lange, although he was a Shafi, he was closely aligned with Damascene Hanbalism. David L. Johnston described him as "the traditionist and Ash'arite Ibn Kathir".

Taha Jabir Alalwani, Professor and President of Cordoba University in Ashburn, Virginia maintains that these traditionalistic views of Ibn Kathir claimed by Salafists were rooted further to the generation of Sahaba Salaf, where Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, one of The ten to whom Paradise was promised also taught this view. Contemporary researchers notes that these anti rationalistic, anti Ash'arite methods of Ibn Kathir shared with his teacher Ibn Taimiyyah; were proven in his tafseer regarding the Day of Resurrection and Hypocrisy in Qur'an.

Ibn Kathir states:
<blockquote>"People have said a great deal on this topic and this is not the place to expound on what they have said. On this matter, we follow the early Muslims (salaf): Malik, Awza'i, Thawri, Layth ibn Sa'd, Shafi'i, Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ishaq Ibn Rahwayh, and others among the Imams of the Muslims, both ancient and modern that is, to let (the verse in question) pass as it has come, without saying how it is meant (min ghayr takyif), without likening it to created things (wa la tashbih), and without nullifying it (wa la ta'til): The literal meaning (zahir) that occurs to the minds of anthropomorphists (al-mushabbihin) is negated of Allah, for nothing from His creation resembles Him: "There is nothing whatsoever like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing" Rather this affair is like what the Grand Shaykh of Imam Bukhari Shaykh Naeem ibn Hamaad Khazaa'i said "Whosoever likens Allah to his Creation has done Kufr (disbelieved) and whosoever negates what Allah describes Himself with has also done Kufr (Disbelieved) There is nothing with what Allah describes Himself with nor his Prophet describes Allah with from likening Allah to his Creation (tashbeeh). Whosoever affirms for Allah what has reached Us from the Truthful Ayahs (verses) and Correct Hadeeth (Prophetic narrations) on the way that is befitting the Majesty of Allah while negating from Allah all defects indeed He has traveled the way of guidance." (Tafsir Ibn Kathir  7:54)<ref></ref></blockquote>

 Athari view
These words from Ibn Kathir were argued by Athari scholarship as proof of Ibn Kathir not being Ash'arite. According to Salafi Muslims, since Ibn Kathir does not use logical rationale to reject anthropomorphism, he believed the attributes of God cannot be likened to creatures, while simultaneously affirming the verses and hadith about God's Atttributes such as residence above His Throne and His Exaltation above all creatures. Salafis rebut Ash'arite claims as Formal fallacy regarding Ibn Kathir tafsir, and other claims such as four madhhab schools as supporting Ash'ari and Maturidites are fabrications. For this, they employ the reports from Ahmad ibn Hanbal who rejected the views of those who were allegedly deemed as proto Asharites and Maturidites, the Mutakallim, and deems them as not in Ahl as Sunnah teaching. According to Livnat Holtzman, historically the school of Ahl al-Hadith championed by none other than Ibn Kathir's master, Ibn Taymiyyah, had successfully crushed the interrogation and accusation from Ash'arite rational (Kalam) argumentations during the 13th AD century. while modern scholars such as Marzuq at Tarifi, and  Sa'id Musfir al-Qahtani further posited that Abu al-Hasan al-Ashʿari, the eponym of Asharite school, himself was not fond of his "Asharite followers" and pointed out on his book, al-ibāna, that Abu al Hasan was teaching the method similar to Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Kathir, and rejected the Ahl al Kalam and Maturidites such as Al-Razi.

In summary, Jon Hoover outlined that Ibn Kathir stance according to scholars were orthodox traditionists and rejected the view of Mutakallims, just like the view of Salafi Muslims and their predecessor Ahl al-Hadith school.

 Ash'arite view

In the modern times, Ibn Kathir's creed have sometimes been raised as a subject of  disagreement between the Ash'arites, successor of Ahl al-Ra'y rationalist school and the Salafis, theorized by Jon Hoover as successor of Ahl al-Hadith traditionist school. Some Ash'arite theologians have claimed Ibn Kathir as an Ash'ari, pointing out some of his beliefs and sayings reported from his works, and to the fact that:

 He belonged to the Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence and was a professor of Hadith at the House of Hadith known as "Dar al-Hadith al-Ashrafiyya" which was exclusively established for those aligned to the Ash'ari school of creed, as mentioned by Taj al-Din al-Subki (d. 771/1370) in his Tabaqat al-Shafi`iyya al-Kubra (Comprehensive Biographical dictionary of Shafi'ites) that a condition to teach at the al-Ashrafiyya was to be Ash'ari in 'aqida.
 Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani (d. 852/1449) reported in his al-Durar al-Kaminah (The Hidden Pearls: on the Notables of the Eighth Islamic Century), that a dispute between Ibn Kathir and the son of Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyya broke out over teaching position. It seems Ibn Kathir implied that the dislike for him is due to his Ash'ari roots, and once Ibn al-Qayyim's son confronted him about this and said that even if Ibn Kathir swore to high heavens that he wasn't upon the creed of Ibn Taymiyya, people wouldn't believe him, because his sheikh (teacher) is Ibn Taymiyya.

Works
Tafsir

Ibn Kathir wrote a famous commentary on the Qur'an named Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm better known as Tafsir Ibn Kathir which linked certain Hadith, or sayings of Muhammad, and sayings of the sahaba to verses of the Qur'an, in explanation and avoided the use of Isra'iliyyats. Many Sunni Muslims hold his commentary as the best after Tafsir al-Tabari and Tafsir al-Qurtubi and it is highly regarded especially among Salafi school of thought. Although Ibn Kathir claimed to rely on at-Tabari, he introduced new methods and differs in content, in attempt to clear Islam from that he evaluates as Isra'iliyyat. His suspicion on Isra'iliyyat possibly derived from Ibn Taimiyya's influence, who discounted much of the exegetical tradition since then.Aysha A. Hidayatullah Feminist Edges of the Qur'an Oxford University Press 2014  page 25

His Tafsir has gained widespread popularity in modern times, especially among Western Muslims, probably due to his straightforward approach, but also due to lack of alternative translations of traditional tafsirs. Ibn Kathir's Tafsir work has played major impact in the contemporary movements of Islamic reform. Salafi reformer Jamal al-Din Qasimi's Qurʾānic exegsis Maḥāsin al-taʾwīl was greatly influenced by Ibn Taymiyya and Ibn Kathīr, which is evident from its emphasis on ḥadīth, Scripturalist approaches, the rejection of Isrāʾīliyyāt, and a polemical attitudes against the Ahl al-raʾy. From the 1920s onwards, Wahhabi scholars also contributed immensely to popularisation of ḥadīth-oriented hermeneutics and exegeses, such as Ibn Kathīr's and al-Baghawī's Qurʾān commentaries and Ibn Taymiyya's al-Muqaddima fī uṣūl al-tafsīr, through printing press. The Wahhābī promotion of Ibn Taymiyya's and Ibn Kathīr's works through print publishing during the early twentieth century emerged instrumental in making these two scholars popular in the contemporary period and imparted a robust impact on modern exegetical works.

 In academic discourse Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm is controversial in western academic circles. Henri Laoust regards it primary as a philological work and "very elementary". Norman Calder describes it as narrow-minded, dogmatic, and skeptical against the intellectual achievements of former exegetes. His concern is limited to rate the Quran by the corpus of Hadith and is the first, who flatly rates Jewish sources as unreliable, while simultaneously using them, just as prophetic hadith, selectively to support his prefabricated opinion. Otherwise, Jane Dammen McAuliffe regards this tafsir as "deliberately and carefully selected, whose interpretation is unique to his own judgment to preserve, that he regards as best among his traditions."

Unabridged English Translations
Exegesis of the Grand Holy Qur'an (4 volumes) by Dr. Muhammad Mahdi Al-Sharif. It was published in 2006 by Darul Kutub Al-'Ilmiyyah in Lebanon.
Another translation by Mawlana Muhammad Ameen Khaulwadiyah, the director of Darul Qasim in Glendale Heights, Chicago, Illinois is in progress. Only 2 volumes have been published so far.

HadithAl-Jāmiʿ () is a grand collection of Hadith texts intended for encyclopedic use. It is an alphabetical listing of the Companions of the Prophet and the sayings that each transmitted, thus reconstructing the chain of authority for each hadith.

See also
 Ibn Taymiyyah
 Al-Tabari
 Al-Qurtubi
 Asad Mayhani

Notes

References
 Norman Calder, 'Tafsir from Tabari to Ibn Kathir, Problems in the description of a genre, illustrated with reference to the story of Abraham', in: G. R. Hawting / Abdul-Kader A. Shareef (eds.): Approaches to the Qur'an, London 1993, pp. 101–140.
 Jane Dammen-McAuliffe, 'Quranic Hermeneutics, The views of al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir', in: Andrew Rippin (ed.): Approaches to the history of the interpretation of the Qur'an'', Oxford 1988, pp.& nbs al hafid ibn kathir is not ash,ai

External links
 The Aqidah of Ibn Kathir

 Mawlid Rasul Allah ﷺ Ibn Kathir's book on the Mawlid in English

1301 births
1373 deaths
14th-century Syrian historians
Hadith scholars
Shafi'is
Syrian Muslim scholars of Islam
Quranic exegesis scholars
Atharis
Proto-Salafists
Theologians from the Mamluk Sultanate
14th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
14th-century jurists
Biographical evaluation scholars
14th-century Arabic-language writers

Ibn Kathir


Gayton es una aldea en la Península de Wirral, Inglaterra, ubicada entre Heswall y Parkgate. Es parte de la municipio metropolitano de Wirral y está situada en el distrito electoral parlamentario del Sur de Wirral. En el  Censo 2001, la población se situaba en 3.110 habitantes.

Historia
El nombre es de origen Vikingo, derivado del Antiguo Nórdico Geit-tún, que significa 'granja de cabra'.
Originalmente formaba parte de la Heswall en el Wirral Hundred, con los caseríos de Dawstone y Oldfield, también se incluye como parte de Gayton. La población de la aldea era de 100 en 1801, 144 en 1851, 180 en 1901 y 832 en 1951.
Antes de la reorganización del gobierno local el 1 de abril de 1974, fue parte del Distrito Urbano Wirral en el país de Cheshire.

El molino de viento Gayton, construido de piedra arsénica y la fábrica más antigua de la torre, dejaron de funcionar 1875. Se han convertido en una residencia privada.

Transporte

Ferrocarril
La estación de ferrocarril más cercana a Gayton es la Heswall.

Autubús
Los servicios operan en el área de Gayton, a partir de diciembre de 2008:

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Fotografía de Gayton Windmill
 Merseytravel

Localidades de Merseyside

Gayton (Merseyside)


David Orcel (né le  à Yzeron) est un coureur cycliste français, principalement actif dans les années 1990.

Biographie

David Orcel a couru sous les couleurs du VC Lyon-Vaulx-en-Velin, de l'AVC Aix-en-Provence et de l'ASPTT Montpellier. Il a notamment remporté le titre de champion de France de la course aux points et le Tour Nord-Isère en 1993.

Palmarès
 1989
 Tour du Pays de Gex
 1991
  de Paris-Ézy
  du Grand Prix de l'Équipe et du CV
 1993
  Champion de France de course aux points
 Tour Nord-Isère
  du Tour du Béarn
  de La Pyrénéenne
 1994
 Grand Prix Mathias Nomblot
  des Boucles catalanes
  de La Pyrénéenne
  du championnat de France du contre-la-montre par équipes
 1995
  du Tour de la Creuse
 1996
  du Tour d'Égypte
 1998
  de Paris-Auxerre

Notes et références

Liens externes

Coureur cycliste français
Coureur cycliste sur piste
Naissance en décembre 1970
Naissance dans le département du Rhône

David Orcel


أوله فانجر أو بوفل أوله فانجر (16 يوليو 1934 - 20 سبتمبر 2006) (ب: Povl Ole Fanger) كان خبيرًا دانمركيًا في مجال الآثار الصحية للبيئات المغلقة. كان أستاذًا في جامعة سيراكيوز (Syracuse University).

كان أيضا أحد كبار الأساتذة في المركز الدولي للبيئة الداخلية والطاقة في الجامعة التقنية في الدانمارك. عمله دل على أن رداءة نوعية الهواء في المنازل يمكن أن يُسبب الربو في الأطفال، وأن رداءة نوعية الهواء في أماكن العمل يُسبب نقصان في الإنتاجية. مساهمته في البحث عن الراحة الحرارية لا تزال معترف فيها على نطاق عالمي في تكنولوجية وفعالية التبريد والتكييف وفي الأسس لوضع المعايير الدولية.

مراجع

انظر أيضا
  سيرة ذاتية لأوله فانجر (مع صورة له) على موقع المركز الدولي للبيئة الداخلية والطاقة.

تصميم بيئي
مهندسون دنماركيون
مهندسون دنماركيون في القرن 20
مهندسون في القرن 20
مواليد 1934
وفيات 2006
وفيات بسبب تمدد الشريان الأبهر البطني
وفيات ناجمة عن الأمراض القلبية الوعائية في نيويورك

أوله فانجر


An Leersia sayanuka in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jisaburo Ohwi. An Leersia sayanuka in nahilalakip ha genus nga Leersia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Leersia

Leersia sayanuka


Šćipakčić  (bušinova ozorina, šipakčić, prasac, žuta ozorina, lat. Cytinus hypocistis), parazitska raslinja na vrstama bušina (Cistus), rasprostranjena po Mediteranu, uključujuići i Hrvatsku. Jedna je je od nekoliko vrsta u rodu ozorina, porodica ozorinovke.

Izvori

Ozorinovke

Šćipakčić


Cleveland International Records is an independent record label formed in 1976 by Steve Popovich, Sr. originally founded in Willoughby, Ohio and moved to Nashville.

History
One of the first albums the label released was Bat Out of Hell (1977) by Meat Loaf which has sold over 40 million copies worldwide. They have also released recordings by Ronnie Spector, B. J. Thomas, Ian Hunter, Slim Whitman and The Irish Rovers, among others.

After working in the Nashville industry for more than a decade, collaborating with the likes of Johnny Cash, Popovich Sr. moved back to Cleveland in 1994. A year later, he re-established the Cleveland International label with a focus on Polka music.

The label won a lawsuit in 2005 when Sony Music produced copies of the Bat Out of Hell CD without the Cleveland International logo. In 2007, a court ordered Sony to pay Cleveland $5 million.

With his estate finally settled, Popovich, Sr.'s son, Steve Popovich, Jr. revived the record label in late December 2018. Cleveland International Records will operate out of Nashville, but Popovich, Jr. said the goal will be to open an office in Cleveland down the road.

Dispute between Cleveland International and Sony
In 1995, Cleveland International sued Sony Music Entertainment for unpaid royalties from sales of "Bat Out of Hell." Under the terms of the 1998 settlement agreement ending the suit, Sony agreed to pay US$6.7 million and include the Cleveland International logo on all future releases of the album. In 2002, Steve Popovich, founder of Cleveland International, sued Sony alleging that Sony had failed to include the logo on the album as agreed. In 2005, the federal district court in Cleveland, Ohio entered judgment against Sony pursuant to a jury verdict in favor of Popovich and awarded Popovich US$5,700,000 in damages for Sony's breach of the 1998 settlement agreement. Sony appealed the verdict but in 2007 the federal appellate court in Cincinnati, Ohio affirmed the judgment of the trial court. In 2012, Sony reached a final out-of-court settlement with Popovich's estate over more unpaid royalties revealed in an audit performed prior to Popovich's death in 2011.

See also
 List of record labels

References

Companies based in Cleveland
American independent record labels
Record labels established in 1977
Rock record labels
Music of Cleveland

Cleveland International Records


Oscar Verner Peterson (August 27, 1899 – May 13, 1942) was a Chief Petty Officer in the United States Navy who received the Medal of Honor posthumously in World War II for his actions during the Battle of the Coral Sea.

Early life and career
Peterson was born in Prentice, Wisconsin, and enlisted in the Navy on December 8, 1920. After his initial training, he spent his entire Navy career of over twenty years on sea duty aboard various ships. He and his wife Lola had two sons, Fred and Donald.

By the United States' entry into World War II, Peterson had achieved the rank of chief watertender. He was assigned to the , an oiler ship operating in the Pacific theater.

Battle of the Coral Sea
On May 7, 1942, during the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Neosho was heavily damaged by Japanese dive bombers. In one bombing raid, Peterson and members of the repair party he led were severely wounded. Despite his injuries, he managed to close four bulkhead steam line valves, but suffered third-degree burns to his face, shoulders, arms and hands in the process. By shutting the valves, Peterson isolated the steam to the engine room and helped keep the ship operational.

The Neosho was eventually scuttled on May 11 by gunfire from the destroyer USS Henley. The Henley had taken aboard 123 survivors from the Neosho. Peterson died of his burn injuries on May 13 and was buried at sea, several hundred miles off the coast of Australia.

For his actions during the battle, Peterson was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor later that year, on December 7. For unknown reasons, his family did not receive his medal in a formal presentation ceremony as was typical. Instead, the medal and accompanying certificate were mailed to his widow.

Peterson's official Medal of Honor citation reads:
For extraordinary courage and conspicuous heroism above and beyond the call of duty while in charge of a repair party during an attack on the U.S.S. Neosho by enemy Japanese aerial forces on 7 May 1942. Lacking assistance because of injuries to the other members of his repair party and severely wounded himself, Peterson, with no concern for his own life, closed the bulkhead stop valves and in so doing received additional burns which resulted in his death. His spirit of self-sacrifice and loyalty, characteristic of a fine seaman, was in keeping with the highest traditions of the U.S. Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life in the service of his country.

Awards
Medal of Honor
Purple Heart
Good Conduct Medal
American Defense Service Medal with "FLEET" clasp
Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with two battle stars
World War II Victory Medal

Legacy
After Peterson's death, his widow and children moved from California to Richfield, Idaho. His wife Lola died in 1991, and his son Donald in 2008. On April 3, 2010, sixty-eight years after the Battle of the Coral Sea, a Medal of Honor presentation ceremony was held to amend for the one Peterson's wife never received. Rear Admiral James A. Symonds presented the medal and a forty-eight star U.S. flag to Peterson's surviving son, Fred. The ceremony, held at the Richfield meetinghouse of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, was attended by roughly 850 people, including family members, veterans, and officials from the military and Idaho state government. A military-issued memorial marker for Peterson was placed in Richfield Cemetery the same day.

The U.S. Navy destroyer escort  was named in his honor.

References

External links

 Posthumous Medal of Honor given to S. Idaho family
 Idaho town to hold ceremony at Mormon church to honor WWII hero
 Medal of Honor Ceremony for Oscar Peterson

1899 births
1942 deaths
Military personnel from Wisconsin
United States Navy personnel killed in World War II
Deaths by airstrike during World War II
Burials at sea
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
People from Prentice, Wisconsin
United States Navy sailors
World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor

Oscar V. Peterson


El TR-125 () es un tanque de batalla principal de desarrollo local basado en un rediseño del T-72 soviético hecho totalmente en Rumania, dadas las restrictivas leyes sobre el uso de licencias de armamento soviético y/o de otro origen. El número 125 en la designación hace alusión al cañón A555 de 125 mm diseñado y construido localmente sobre la base de su homólogo soviético. Ahora ha sido redesignado como P-125 (P por Prototipo).

Historia
A finales de los años 70 y principios de los años 80 Rumania ordenó 30 T-72M desde la Unión Soviética. El gobierno local solicitó la licencia de producción del T-72 para su producción local. Al ser rechazada dicha petición por parte de las autoridades soviéticas, el gobierno comunista decide hacer algunas prácticas de ingeniería inversa sobre los existentes T-72.

El desarrollo y construcción de los prototipos se hizo entre 1984 a 1991. La torreta y el sistema del autocargador fueron desarrollados por ICSITEM (Instituto de Investigaciones Tecnológicas de Bucarest), mientras que el chasis fue diseñado por ACSIT–P 124 de la F.M.G.S. (), que era una división de las Fábricas 23 de Agosto (ahora conocidas como FAUR) de Bucarest.

Se produjeron inicialmente tres prototipos entre 1987 y 1988, y las pruebas de desempeño se efectuaron hasta 1991. El ejército rumano nunca emplazó solicitud alguna para su producción, y el proyecto se cancelaría más tarde dadas las circunstancias del país por esa época. Los pocos prototipos ahora se mantienen en almacenamiento.

Descripción

Aspecto exterior
La suspensión original del T-72 fue modificada extensamente, pasando a tener 7 en vez de 6 ruedas, esto le permite al casco el ser estrechado un metro así como el albergar un motor más potente.

Motorización
El motor es una versión altamente modificada de un motor alemán hecho bajo licencia; y que además se supone equipa al tanque rumano, y el cual le entrega cerca de 850-900 HP siendo la referencia del mismo la 8VSA3, que básicamente es una variante altamente modificada del motor montado en el TR-85.

Armamento
Para su defensa frente a enemigos en tierra o en vuelo bajo se le instaló una ametralladora DShK, también se le dispuso algo de blindaje extra para proteger a su operador. El cañón es del calibre convencional dentro de las fuerzas armadas que seguían las directrices militares soviéticas, siendo similar al modelo ruso de 125 mm; valiéndole la redesignación de A555, su construcción se le encargaría a una planta que se construyó para únicamente la producción de cañones bajo licencia de tipo y calibre estándar soviético, ().

Blindaje
El blindaje se supone que es del tipo compuesto, estando armado en planchas, similar al blindaje de tipo Chobham británico. Como resultado de los numerosos cambios en su construcción y en el blindaje adicional para incrementar su protección, el peso total del tanque se elevó desde las 41,5 toneladas (estándar del T-72M) a cerca de 50 toneladas en la versión rumana, siendo ésta una de las variantes más protegidas, pero con los clásicos defectos que han destacado funestamente a todas las versiones del T-72 como su poca defensa frente a disparos de tanques similares, y su peligrosidad frente a un impacto en el anillo de la torreta, donde al alojarse la munición la haría volar por los aires en caso de un impacto en esta sección.

Usuarios
  - El número exacto de los ejemplares producidos varia de acuerdo a la fuente: Se calcula que se construyeron entre 3 y 10 prototipos.

Véase también

Notas

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

 tanknutdave.com: Artículo sobre carros de combate en Rumania (en inglés)
 Breve historia de los carros de combate en servicio del Ejército rumano (en rumano e inglés)
 militarium.net: Artículo sobre diferentes variantes del T-72, incluido el TR-125 (en polaco)

Tanques de combate principal
Vehículos blindados de combate
Vehículos militares de Rumania
Vehículos blindados basados en el T-72

TR-125


Sesia (lat. Sesites ili Sessites) je rijeka na sjeveru Italije.

Ukupna duljina rijeke je 139 km. Izvor su ledenjaci planinskog masiva Monte Rosa u Alpama na granici sa Švicarskom, te se ulijeva u rijeku Pad u blizini grada Casale Monferrato.

Na svome toku protječe kroz gradove Varallo Sesia, Quarona, Borgosesia i Vercelli, a pritoke su Sermenza, Mastallone, Pascone, Strona di Valduggia, Otro, Vogna, Artogna, Sorba, rio di Valmala, Sessera, Cervo, Bona, Marcova.

Rijeka je popularno mjesto za održavanje natjecanja u kajaku i kanu na divljim vodama, te su na njoj održana različita natjecanja poput europskog prvenstva 2001. i svjetskog prvenstva 2002.

Rijeke u Italiji
Porječje Pada

Sesia


ටොමොග්‍රෆි යනු, පැතිර තිබෙන්නාවු තරංග මගින් ස්ථර වශයෙන් හෝ ස්ථර කිරිමෙන්, රූපයක් නිර්මාණය කර ගැනීම ය. මෙම ක්‍රම වේදය භාවිත වෙන අ(අං)ශ
  නම් රේඩියෝ තරංග තාක්ෂණය, පුරාවිද්යාව, ජීව විද්යාව, තාරකා විද්යාව ඇතුලු විද්යා විශයන්හි ය.මෙම බොහෝ අවස්තාවන් වල එය
පදනම් වන්නේ ටොමොග්‍රෆිො(ස්ථර ප්‍රස්තාරකරණය) ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණය යන ගණිත ක්‍රමය මතය.

දළ විශ්ලේෂණය
ටොමොග්‍රෆි(ස්ථර ප්‍රස්තාරකරණය) යනු, පැතිර තිබෙන්නාවු තරංග මගින් කොටස් වශයෙන් හෝ කොටස් කිරිමෙන්, රූපයක් නිර්මාණය කර ගැනීමය. මෙම ක්‍රම වේදය භාවිත වෙන අශ නම් රේඩියෝ තරංග තාක්ෂණය, පුරාවිද්යාව, ජීව විද්යාව, තාරකා විද්යාව ඇතුලු විද්යා විශයන්හි ය.මෙම බොහෝ අවස්තාවන් වල එය
පදනම් වන්නේ ටොමොග්‍රෆි(ස්ථර ප්‍රස්තාරකරණය) ප්‍රතිනිර්මාණය යන ගණිත ක්‍රමය මතය. ටොමොග්‍රෆි යන වචනය පුරාණ ග්‍රීක වදන් වන "τόμος" හෙවත් ටොමොස්(tomos), "ස්ථර,කොටස්" සහ γράφω ග්‍රාෆො(graphō), හෙවත් "ලිවීමට" වලින් සරිකරගන්නා ලද්දකි.(බලන්න Etymology).

ඉතිහාසය පිළිබඳ කෙටි හැඳින්වීමක්
1953 වසරේ දි "චෙස්ට්" නම් වෛද්ය සඟරාවක, ෆෝට් විලියම් සැනටෝරියම් රෝහලේ බී. පොලැක් විසින් ප්ලෙනොග්‍රෆි(planography),(ටොමොග්‍රෆි හදුන්වන තවත් නමකි) භාවිතය විස්තර කරන ලදී.

American Roentgen Ray Society ආයතනය මඟින් 1996 දී ප්‍රකාෂිත A History of the Radiological Sciences කෘතියේ පරිච්ඡේදයක ද සාම්ප්‍රදායික ටොමොග්‍රෆි ඉතිහාසයේ ආරම්භයේ සිට පරිඝනක මැදිකරගත් ස්ථර ප්‍රස්තාරකරණ ටොමොග්‍රෆි තාක්ෂණ ක්‍රම තෙක් වර්ධනය විස්තර කර ඇත.

ටොමොග්‍රෆි(ස්ථර ප්‍රස්තාරකරණය)


Charles or Charlie Parker may refer to:

Politicians and administrators
Charles D. Parker (1827–1925), former Lieutenant Governor of Wisconsin
Charles H. Parker (1814–1890), Wisconsin legislator
Charles Parker (Australian politician) (1896–1956), New South Wales politician
Charles Parker (British politician), activist in the British National Party
Charles Parker (New Zealand politician) (1809–1898), New Zealand politician and carpenter
Charles Parker (Michigan politician) (1877–1934), member of the Michigan House of Representatives
Charlie Parker (Nova Scotia politician) (born 1951), NDP MLA for Pictou West in Nova Scotia, Canada
Charles Stuart Parker (1829–1909), British Member of Parliament for Perth, 1878–1892
Charles William Parker (1912–1997), clergyman and politician in British Columbia, Canada

Sportsmen
Charlie Parker (basketball) (born 1948), American basketball coach
Charlie Parker (cricketer) (1882–1959), English cricketer
Charlie Parker (footballer) (1891–1969), English footballer
Charlie Parker (Canadian football), American-born Canadian football player

Cultural figures
Charles Parker (producer) (1919–1980), BBC Radio producer of the Radio Ballads
Charlie Parker (1920–1955), jazz musician

Others
Sir Charles Parker, 5th Baronet (1792–1869), British naval officer
Charles Parker (VC) (1870–1918), English recipient of the Victoria Cross
Charles S. Parker (died 1950), American botanist
Charles Wolcott Parker (1862–1948), judge in New Jersey
Charles Edward Parker, American architect from Boston, Massachusetts
Charles Wallace Parker, builder of the C. W. Parker Carousel

Characters
Charles Parker (detective), fictional character created by Dorothy L. Sayers
Charley Parker, DC Comics character Golden Eagle I
Charlie Parker, a fictional former police officer in a series of crime novels by John Connolly
Ensign Charles Parker, character in McHale's Navy

See also
Charles Parks (disambiguation)

Charles Parker


Klaus Bugdahl (født 24. november 1934 i Berlin, død 15. august 2023) var en cykelrytter fra Tyskland. Han kørte både landevejs- og banecykling og var aktiv fra 1954 til 1978. På bane vandt han adskillige medaljer ved EM.

Bugdahl vandt i 1955 det tyske mesterskaber i landevejscykling.

Han stillede til start ved 228 seksdagesløb og vandt de 37. Han kørte det sidste løb i 1978 i en alder af 43 år.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Mandlige cykelryttere fra Tyskland
Personer fra Berlin

Klaus Bugdahl


Tümevarımcılık, bilimsel teoriler geliştirmek için bilimsel yöntemin geleneksel ve hala yaygın felsefesidir. Tümevarımcılık, bir alanı tarafsız bir şekilde gözlemlemeyi, incelenen durumlardan yasalar çıkarmayı - dolayısıyla tümevarımsal akıl yürütmeyi - ve böylece nesnel olarak gözlemlenenin tek doğal doğru teorisini keşfetmeyi amaçlar.

Tümevarımcılığın temeli, özetle, "teorilerin gerçeklerden türetilebileceği veya gerçekler temelinde kurulabileceği fikridir". Evreler halinde gelişen tümevarımcılığın kavramsal saltanatı, Francis Bacon'ın 1620'de Batı Avrupa'nın hakim modeli olan ve peşin hükümlü inançlardan tümdengelim yoluyla akıl yürüten skolastik modele karşı böyle bir öneride bulunmasından bu yana dört yüzyıla yayıldı.

19. ve 20. yüzyıllarda, tümevarımcılık, bilimsel yöntemin gerçekçi idealleştirmesi olarak varsayımsal tümdengelimciliğe yenik düştü. Yine de bu tür bilimsel teoriler, bilim adamlarının gerçek yöntemleri gibi çeşitli ve resmi olarak öngörülemeyen en iyi açıklama olan "Hepten gelimsel düşünce" (Abductive reasoning)'ye yönelik çıkarım durumlarına geniş çapta atfediliyor.

Matematiksel tümevarım
P(n) bir açık önerme, a önermeyi doğrulayan en küçük sayma sayısı olmak üzere, P(n) nin doğruluğunu göstermek için;

 P(a) nın doğru olduğu gösterilir.
 P(n) nin doğru olduğu kabul edilir.
 P(n+1) in doğru olduğu gösterilir.

P(n) önermesinin doğruluğunu ispatlamak için kullanılan bu yönteme, tümevarım yöntemi adı verilir.

Örnek;
 P(n) : 2+4+6...+ 2n=n(n+1) olduğunu tümevarım ispat yöntemi ile gösterelim.
 n=1 için, P(1): 2.1=1.(1+1)→ 2=2→ P(1) doğrudur.
 n=k için, P(k):2+4+6...+2k=k(k+1) önermesinin doğru olduğunu kabul edelim.
 n=(k+1) için, P(k+1): 2+4+6+...+2k+2(k+1)=(k+1)(k+2) olduğunu gösterelim.
 2+4+6...+2k=k(k+1) eşitliğinin her iki tarafına 2(k+1) ekleyelim.
 2+4+6...+2k+2(k+1)=k.(k+1)+2(k+1)→P(k+1) doğrudur.
 P(k+1) doğru olduğundan P(n) önermesi doğru olur.

Tümevarım


Ayling ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Astrid Ayling (* 1951), britische Ruderin
 Dennis Ayling (1917–1998), britischer Regisseur, Kameramann und Filmtechniker
 Luke Ayling (* 1991), englischer Fußballspieler
 Richard Ayling (* 1952), britischer Ruderer

Ayling


Eymir, Çorum ilinin Merkez ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1907 yılı kayıtlarında Emir, 1921 yılı kayıtlarında Mîrgölü, 1925 yılı kayıtlarında ise  İlimir olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 25 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Çorum merkez belde ve köyleri

Eymir, Çorum


تزوير في أوراق رسمية فيلم مصري صدر في 1984 .

القصة
تعانى دولت (ميرفت أمين) في حياتها مع زوجها كامل (محمود عبد العزيز) من عدم القدرة على الأنجاب. يتزوج كامل من امرأة أخرى (مشيرة إسماعيل) دون علم دولت. تشاء الأقدار أن تحمل دولت وعندما تذهب لأبلاغ كامل أثناء تواجده بمأمورية بالإسكندرية تكتشف زواجه بالأخرى التي تكون هي الأخرى حامل.تضع الأثنتان مولوديهما في يوم واحد. تتوفى الزوجة الثانية بعد الوضع مباشرة فيسجل كامل المولودين باسم زوجته الأولى عل إنهما توأم دون علمها وحتى لا تعلم أيهما أبنها الحقيقى فلا تفرق بينهما في المعاملة.تظل دولت تحاول أن تعرف أيهما أبنها ولا يمكنها.يكبر الطفلان ليصبحا شابان. أحمد (هشام سليم) يتخرج طياراً ومحمود (إيمان البحر درويش) يتخرج مهندساً ليعمل بشركة والده. وفي يوم من الأيام يتعرض أحمد لحادث وهو يقود السيارة بسرعة تؤدى إلى وفاته، وفي هذه اللحظة يسألها كامل إن كانت تود أن تعرف أيهما أبنها الحقيقى فترفض أن تعرف حتى لا تفجع في أبنهاوذلك حتى يخفف عليه الصدمة بان ابنها مازال على قيد الحياة

الممثلين
 محمود عبد العزيز (كامل)
 ميرفت أمين (دولت)
 إيمان البحر درويش (محمود)
 هشام سليم (أحمد)
 مشيرة إسماعيل
 محمد شوقي
 عزة جمال
 عليه عبد المنعم
 فؤاد خليل

أفلام مشيرة إسماعيل
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1984
أفلام محمود عبد العزيز
أفلام ميرفت أمين

تزوير في أوراق رسمية (فيلم)


Campionatul Nord-American și Caraibian de Handbal Feminin, prescurtat Campionatul NorCa este una din cele mai importante competiții de handbal feminin pentru națiuni din America de Nord și Caraibe și este organizat  începând cu anul 2015. Anterior, competiția conta ca turneu de calificare pentru Campionat Panamerican de Handbal Feminin, însă începând din 2018, când Federația Panamericană de Handbal a fost împărțită în două entități, câștigătoarea Campionatul Nord-American și Caraibian se califică direct la Campionatul Mondial.

Istoric
Primele două ediții ale competiției au avut loc în 2015 și 2017, ambele fiind găzduite de Puerto Rico. Echipele clasate pe primele locuri s-au calificat la edițiile din acei ani ai Campionatului Panamerican de Handbal Feminin.

Congresul IHF, desfășurat pe 11 noiembrie 2017 în orașul turc Antalya, a dezbătut și aprobat cu 15 voturi pentru și unul împotrivă propunerea președintelui IHF, Hassan Moustafa, de a împărți Federația Panamericană în două asociații sportive continentale separate. Congresul a modificat articolul 10.2 al statului IHF în sensul măririi numărului federațiilor continentale de la 5 la 6. Astfel, Federația Panamericană de Handbal a fost transformată în Confederația Nord-Americană și Caraibiană de Handbal, respectiv Confederația Central și Sud-Americană de Handbal, având drept scop:

Un motiv invocat de președintele Moustafa pentru înființarea unei Confederații Nord-Americane separate a fost acela că "piața nord-americană este decisivă pentru dezvoltarea handbalului mondial și pentru poziția handbalului mondial".

Federația Panamericană de Handbal s-a opus deciziei adoptate de IHF și a utilizat toate căile de apel prevăzute de regulamentele Federației Internaționale de Handbal. În final, Federația Panamericană a atacat decizia IHF la Tribunalul de Arbitraj Sportiv de la Lausanne, care i-a dat dreptate, declarând "nulă și neavenită" hotărârea IHF de la congresul din Antalya, însă Federația Internațională a refuzat să-și anuleze planul de a împărți asociația panamericană în două confederații, motivând că:

În consecință, fostul Campionat Panamerican de Handbal Feminin a încetat să mai existe începând din anul 2018, fiind înlocuit cu Campionatul Nord-American și Caraibian, respectiv cu nou-înființatul Campionat Central și Sud-American. De asemenea, câștigătoarea Campionatului Nord-American și Caraibian se va califica direct la Campionatul Mondial din anul respectiv.

Ediția din 2019 a competiției se va desfășura în luna mai. Federația de handbal a Statelor Unite și-a exprimat intenția de a găzdui turneul.

Listă campionate

Clasament pe medalii

Țară gazdă

Istoria Participărilor

Vezi și
 Campionatul Panamerican de Handbal Feminin
 Campionatul Central și Sud-American de Handbal Feminin

Note

Campionatul Nord-American și Caraibian de Handbal Feminin


Hollands U/20 fodboldlandshold er Hollands landshold for fodboldspillere, som er under 20 år og administreres af Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbalbond (KNVB).

U/20-fodboldlandshold
U/20-fodboldlandshold i Europa

Hollands U/20-fodboldlandshold


Köpeköldüren (Şarap), Bir tür şarap
 Köpeköldüren (Zehir), Striknin'in diğer adı

Köpeköldüren


An Plectrophora triquetra in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Robert Allen Rolfe, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Célestin Alfred Cogniaux. An Plectrophora triquetra in nahilalakip ha genus nga Plectrophora, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Plectrophora

Plectrophora triquetra


نيناد توموفيتش (مواليد 30 أغسطس 1987 في كراغوييفاتش - يوغوسلافيا) (بالصربية:Ненад Томовић) لاعب كرة قدم صربي يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى جنوى الإيطالي منذ 2009 في مركز قلب الدفاع .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية صرب
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية صرب مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في قبرص
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون صرب مغتربون في إيطاليا
رياضيون صرب مغتربون في قبرص
رياضيون من كراغوييفاتس
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي
لاعبو الدوري الصربي لكرة القدم الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري القبرصي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو النجم الأحمر بلغراد
لاعبو جنوى
لاعبو دوري صربيا والجبل الأسود الممتاز
لاعبو دوري كرة القدم الصربي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو راد بيوغراد
لاعبو صربيا والجبل الأسود
لاعبو فيورنتينا
لاعبو كرة قدم أولمبيون من صربيا
لاعبو كرة قدم صرب
لاعبو كرة قدم صرب مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم في الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 2008
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في قبرص
لاعبو كييفو فيرونا
لاعبو ليتشي
لاعبو منتخب صربيا تحت 21 سنة لكرة القدم
لاعبو منتخب صربيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي أيك لارنك
لاعبو نادي سبال
مدافعو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1987
مواليد في كراغوييفاتس
لاعبو كرة قدم من كراغوييفاتس

نيناد توموفيتش


June Kathleen Lloyd, Baroness Lloyd of Highbury, DBE, FRCP, FRCP Edin, FRCGP  (1 January 1928 – 28 June 2006) was a British paediatrician and, in retirement, a cross bench member of the House of Lords. June Lloyd was a determined advocate for children's health and was instrumental in the establishment of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. In 1996, the college gained its royal status. She was also known for discovering that the damage caused to patients by the rare metabolic disease oQ-betalipoproteinaemia, that could be avoided by the use of Vitamin E. She was also known for discovering the role of lipid metabolism in health and disease in childhood, which was original and difficult to investigate at that time.

Early life and education
Lloyd was born in Gilgit, Kashmir, where her father was a Major in the Royal Indian Army Service Corps. She remained in India until 1936, when her family returned to England. She was educated at the Royal High School in Bath, where she became head girl. She read medicine at the University of Bristol, winning honours with distinction and a gold medal.

Career
She joined the Royal College of Physicians in 1954 and became one the youngest female members  After further study in South Shields, Bristol, Plymouth, Oxford, Manchester and Durham, she became a research assistant to Otto Herbert Wolff in Birmingham. She taught at the University of Birmingham from 1958 to 1965, specialising in metabolic disorders in children, particularly diabetes mellitus and childhood obesity.

In 1965, she followed Wolff to Great Ormond Street Hospital in London, and the associated Institute of Child Health at University College London where she became a senior lecturer, later a reader and finally professor.

Lloyd was appointed professor of child health and head of a new department of paediatrics at St George's Hospital Medical School in London in 1975, and returned to Great Ormond Street in 1985 as Nuffield Professor of Child Health. She served with distinction on many committees.  She was the first female president of the British Paediatric Association from 1988 to 1991, and was a vice-president of the Royal College of Physicians from 1992 to 1995.

Establishment of the RCPCH
Lloyd retired from practising medicine in 1992, but played a role in transforming the British Paediatric Association (abbr. BPA) into the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. It was originally thought that Lloyd would become president of the BPA, after being honorary secretary for a number of years, but Lloyd believed that the paediatricians should have their own college. She was a member of an influential group with the BPA, which enabled her to push for the establishment of a new college. It was a contentious issue, as many in the profession believed it was not necessary, and there was serious differences of opinion, when looking in hindsight.

Sir Peter Tizard and his research group at Hammersmith Hospital, were one group of dissenting voices, who believed that Paediatrics should have the same intellectual footing for medicine for children, as medicine for adults, within general medicine, rather than a speciality. However, the argument was won. Roy Meadow would become the first president, but she would feature on the coat of arms of the new college, in which she is a supporter holding a staff of Aesculapius entwined with a double helix rather than the traditional snake. The other supporter was Thomas Phaire, whose Boke of Chyldren from 1545 was the first book on paediatrics in English, the crest is a baby, taken from the arms of the Foundling Hospital in Coram's Fields. Lloyd took over responsibility for training and standards for paediatricians that had previously been under the control of the Royal College of Physicians.

Awards and honours
 Appointed a DBE in 1990
 Honorary DSc from Bristol University in 1991
 Honorary DSc from Birmingham University in 1993
 Awarded the James Spence Medal in 1993
 Life peer as Baroness Lloyd of Highbury, of Highbury in the London Borough of Islington in 1996.

Later life and death
A severe stroke before her introduction to the House of Lords prevented her taking her seat until 1998. Her resulting disability left her unable to become an active member of the House.  She had never married. Her brother, Philip Lloyd, was a Commander in the Royal Navy.

Arms

References

External links
The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health

1928 births
2006 deaths
20th-century British medical doctors
Crossbench life peers
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Life peeresses created by Elizabeth II
British paediatricians
Women pediatricians
Academics of the University of Birmingham
People educated at the Royal High School, Bath
British women medical doctors
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Academics of University College London
20th-century British women politicians
Recipients of the James Spence Medal
20th-century British women medical doctors

June Lloyd, Baroness Lloyd of Highbury


Parkhotel Valkenburg (UCI holdkode: PHV) er et professionelt UCI cykelhold for kvinder, der er baseret i Nederlandene, og som konkurrerer i elite landevejscykelløb for kvinder, som f.eks. UCI Women's World Tour. Holdet blev etableret i 2013 og fik en UCI-licens i 2014.

Holdet i 2018

Sejre

Referencer

Cykelhold for kvinder
Cykelhold fra Nederlandene

Parkhotel Valkenburg


Liste des ministres prussiens de l'Éducation.

De 1762 jusqu'aux réformes de 1810/12, le ministre prussien de l'Éducation portait le titre de ministre de la justice ; voir Liste des ministres prussiens de la Justice.

Références

Ministre prussien de l'Éducation


The Finnish Declaration of Independence (; ; ) was adopted by the Parliament of Finland on 6 December 1917. It declared Finland an independent nation, ending its autonomy within Russia as the Grand Principality of Finland, with reference to a bill simultaneously delivered to the Parliament to make Finland an independent republic instead.

Declaring independence was only part of the long process leading to the independence of Finland. The declaration is celebrated as Independence Day in Finland.

History

Revolution in Russia

After the February Revolution and the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, Grand Prince of Finland, on 2 March (15 March N.S.) 1917, the personal union between Russia and Finland lost its legal base – at least according to the view in Helsinki. There were negotiations between the Russian Provisional Government and Finnish authorities.

The resulting proposal, approved by the Provisional Government, was heavily rewritten in the Eduskunta (Finnish Parliament) and transformed into the so-called Power Act (Finnish: Valtalaki, Swedish: Maktlagen), whereby the Parliament declared itself to now hold all powers of legislation, except with respect to foreign policy and military issues, and also that it could be dissolved only by itself. At the time of the vote, it was believed that the Provisional Government would be quickly defeated by the rebellion in Saint Petersburg. The Provisional Government survived, however, disapproved of the Power Act and dissolved the Parliament.

After new elections and the ultimate defeat of the Provisional Government in the October Revolution, the Finnish Parliament decided to set a three-man regency council, based on Finland's Constitution, and more precisely on clause §38 of the old Instrument of Government of 1772, which had been enacted by the Estates after Gustav III's bloodless coup. This paragraph provided for the election of a new monarch in case of the extinction of the royal line and was interpreted in Finland as vesting sovereignty in the estates, later the Parliament, in such an interregnum. The regency council was never elected, because of the strong opposition of Finnish socialists and their general strike which demanded for more radical action.

On 2 November (15 November N.S.) 1917, the Bolsheviks declared a general right of self-determination, including the right of complete secession, "for the Peoples of Russia". On the same day the Finnish Parliament issued a declaration by which it assumed, pro tempore, all powers of the Sovereign in Finland.

The old Instrument of Government was however no longer deemed suitable. Leading circles had long held monarchism and hereditary nobility to be antiquated, and advocated a republican constitution for Finland.

Independence

The Senate of Finland, the government that the Parliament had appointed in November, drafted a Declaration of Independence and a proposal for a new republican Instrument of Government. Chairman of the Senate ( Prime minister) Pehr Evind Svinhufvud read the Declaration to the Parliament on 4 December. The Declaration of Independence was technically given the form of a preamble of the proposition, and was intended to be agreed by the Parliament, which adopted the Declaration on 6 December.

On 18 December (31 December N. S.) the Soviet Russian government issued a Decree, recognising Finland's independence, and on 22 December (4 January 1918 N. S.) it was approved by the highest Soviet executive body, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK).

The Declaration and 15 November

With reference to the declaration of 15 November, the declaration says:
The people of Finland have by this step taken their fate in their own hands; a step both justified and demanded by present conditions. The people of Finland feel deeply that they cannot fulfil their national and international duty without complete sovereignty. The century-old desire for freedom awaits fulfilment now; Finland's people step forward as a free nation among the other nations in the world.

(...) The people of Finland dare to confidently await how other nations in the world recognize that with their full independence and freedom, the people of Finland can do their best in fulfilment of those purposes that will win them a place amongst civilized peoples.

Context
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania declared their independence from Russia during the same period. See Estonian War of Independence, Latvian Independence and Lithuanian Wars of Independence.

These three countries were occupied by, and annexed into, the Soviet Union (1940–1941, 1944–1991). See Occupation of the Baltic states.

Text of Finland's Declaration of Independence

The Finnish Senate:

International recognition

See also
 History of Finland
 Independence of Finland
 Politics of Finland
 Russification of Finland

References

External links

Declaration of independence (Finnish) from Wikisource
Declaration of independence (Swedish) from Wikisource
Instrument of Government (Swedish) from Wikisource
Audio recording of Svinhufvud reading the speech in 1937 from YLE

Declarations of independence
Political history of Finland
1917 in Finland
Finland–Russia relations
Separatism in Russia
December 1917 events
1917 documents
1917 in politics
Dissolution of the Russian Empire

Finnish Declaration of Independence


An Andropogon appendiculatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck. An Andropogon appendiculatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Andropogon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Andropogon

Andropogon appendiculatus


Fureur est un film français réalisé par Karim Dridi, sorti en 2003.

Synopsis
Dans le 13ème arrondissement de Paris, l'histoire d'amour entre Raphaël Ramirez dont la famille a fui la guerre d'Espagne et Chinh, dont la famille sino-vietnamienne est en France depuis vingt ans.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Fureur
 Réalisation : Karim Dridi
 Scénario : Karim Dridi
 Musique : Jean-Christophe Camps et Jah Wobble
 Photographie : Éric Guichard
 Montage : Lise Beaulieu
 Production : Alain Rozanès
 Société de production : ADR Productions, Gaumont, France 2 Cinéma et Canal+
 Société de distribution : Gaumont Buena Vista International (France)
 Pays :
 Genre : drame, romance et action
 Durée : 105 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :

Distribution
 Samuel Le Bihan : Raphaël Ramirez
 Yu Nan : Chinh
 Yann Trégouët : Manu Ramirez
 Bounsy Luang Phinith : Tony
 Samart Payakaroon : Noï
 Jo Prestia : Jo
 Stéphane Ferrara : Féfé
 Christian Mazucchini : Désiré
 Tom Dundee : Le secrétaire
 Xing Xing Cheng : La tante
 Yong Luang Phinith : L'oncle
 Thomas Larget : Monsieur Tran

Accueil
Jean-Michel Frodon pour Le Monde écrit que « Karim Dridi cherche à dépasser les règles du film d'action et du mélodrame par l'excès de kitsch ».

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film français sorti en 2003
Film dramatique français
Film romantique français
Film d'action français
Film de Gaumont

Fureur (film)


Ryota Arimitsu (født 21. april 1981) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Avispa Fukuoka og V-Varen Nagasaki.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Ryota Arimitsu


10148 Shirase este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
10148 Shirase este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Kiyosato de Satoru Ōtomo. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,21 ua, o excentricitate de 0,14 și o înclinație de 0,5° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 10001-11000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1994
Centura de asteroizi

10148 Shirase


Rudolf Steiner (1861 – 1925) austurríkiskur dulspekingur sem 1913 grundaði mannspekihreyfinguna (Anthroposophischen Gesellschaft).

Austurrískir dulspekingar
Mannspeki

Rudolf Steiner


Katakombe svetog Gaudija podzemna su paleokršćanska grobna mjesta (4.–5. stoljeće nove ere), smještena u sjevernom području grada Napulja (danas četvrt Stella).

Povijest
Katakombe su vjerojatno bile nastanjene na već postojećoj grčko-rimskoj nekropoli u okrugu koji je danas poznat kao Rione Sanità, a koji je u to vrijeme bio nenaseljen. Prema predaji, to je mjesto ukopa sv. Gaudija, biskupa koji je u Napulj stigao iz sjeverne Afrike, zbog brodoloma.

Njegov pokop dogodio se između 451. i 453. godine i mjesto, iako je već bila grobnica drugog biskupa, svetog Nostriana, postalo je predmetom štovanja.

Cijelo područje Rione Sanità bilo je nenaseljeno tijekom srednjeg vijeka zbog brojnih klizišta s brda Capodimonte koja su zatrpala područje. Urbanizacija Rione Sanità počela je tek oko šesnaestog stoljeća i katakombe su se vratile svojoj izvornoj grobnoj funkciji. Tijekom sedamnaestog stoljeća, izgradnjom bazilike Santa Maria della Sanità neposredno iznad drevne crkve ili kapele sv. Gaudiosa, podzemno groblje je "modernizirano" s dubokim promjenama u njegovoj izvornoj strukturi i uništenjem nekih od njih.

Nakon izbijanja kuge 1656. godine goleme vapnenačke špilje u dolini postale su ogromno groblje na otvorenom, a početkom 19. stoljeća u vrijeme Joachima Murata premještene su brojne kosti iz "soba za mumificiranje" kasnije kako bi se napravio prostor za žrtve drugih epidemija, poput kolere 1836.

Danas je od izvornih katakombi ostao samo mali dio.

Opis
Pristup katakombama je u kripti, ispod uzdignutog prezbiterija crkve Santa Maria della Sanità. Njezin prikaz predstavljen je na blijedoj paleokršćanskoj fresci koja je odvojena od zida stare crkve, zbog odrona blata.

Ikona Gospe od Zdravlja (Santa Maria della Sanità), štovana od 5. do 6. stoljeća, najstarija je marijanska ikona u Napulju, a sada se čuva u prvoj desnoj bočnoj kapeli bazilike. Mnogi stanovnici susjedstva, međutim, vjeruju da je crkva posvećena svetom Vincentu Ferreru, zbog pučke pobožnosti prema ovom svetom dominikancu i njegovom prekrasnom drvenom kipu, postavljenom lijevo od oltara.

Kripta, nekoć duga hodnička katakomba, jasno sadrži na svodu i na zidovima vidljive freske Bernardina Fere koje predstavljaju priče o mučenicima. Arcosolium, postavljen na ulazu, čuva grobnicu San Gaudioso, s mozaičkim ukrasom iz šestog stoljeća.

U različitim kubikulama koje se otvaraju duž krakova katakombi, nalazile su se freske iz 5. – 6. stoljeća (Sv. Petar, između ostalih, i San Sossio, đakon iz Pozzuolija) i mozaik koji datira prije kasnog 5. stoljeća. Skulptura mrtvog Krista od sedre lijevo od ulaza potječe s kraja 17. stoljeća. 17. stoljeće bilo je za katakombe novo razdoblje korištenja, osobito od strane dominikanske braće. U to je doba, zapravo, još uvijek bila raširena upotreba drenaža: kamenih šupljina u koje su se lešine naslanjale u fetalni položaj, kako bi izgubile tekućinu.

Dominikanska braća smatrala su da je glava najvažniji dio tijela kao sjedište misli; Na taj su način, nakon sušenja, glave sačuvane, dok je ostatak tijela nagomilan u kosturnici.

Tijekom tog razdoblja također je prakticirana jeziva praksa da se glave sada osušenih leševa uzimaju i zaključavaju u zidove, a ispod se slika tijelo koje bi dalo neke naznake o profesiji pokojnika. Ova vrsta ukopa bila je rezervirana za bogate slojeve, a kasnije je napuštena zbog higijenskih razloga.

Među onima koji su primili takve ukope bili su:

 Donna Sveva Gesualda (1611.) – princeza od Montesarchia, majka Marije d'Avalos
 Gospa Caraccia della Cerenzia (1618.
 Marco Antonio d'Aponte (također napisano de Ponte ) (1624.)  – markiz od Sant'Angela, predsjednik/sudac Kraljevskog vijeća, član Vijeća Italije
 Giovanni Balducci (~1630.) – slikar
 Diego Longobardo (1632.) – sudac
 Alessandro d'Afflitto (1635.)
 Kapetan Scipione Brancaccio – barun od Alfana, španjolski vojni časnik; borio se u bitci kod Bijele planine
 Maria de Ponte – plemkinja

Praksa pokopa je zabranjena 1637. zbog zabrinutosti oko stanja katakombi.

Zanimljivosti
Mrtve su pokapali u male otvore u zidovima, ali sada su preživjele samo lubanje, jer je površina oštećena vlagom. Većina tih lubanja manja je od modernih ljudi, možda zbog drugačije prehrane i zdravijeg načina života.

Napuljski glumac Antonio De Curtis, poznat kao Totò, bio je porijeklom iz Rione Sanità i često je posjećivao njezine katakombe, gdje se nalazi freska koja predstavlja pobjedu Smrti. Ova je slika vjerojatno inspirirala Totovu pjesmu "A' livella".

Do kraja dvadesetog stoljeća dominikanski klaustar uz baziliku postao je gostionica koja sponzorira posjete katakombama San Gaudioso i San Gennaro. Kako biste vidjeli i dio koji nije osvijetljen svjetlima, tijekom posjeta poželjno je ponijeti svjetiljku.

Povezani članci

 Katakombe San Gennaro
 Bourbonski tunel
 Crypta Napolitana
 Rimske katakombe

Izvori

Bibliografija
 (2001). Guida d'Italia, Napoli e dintorni. Milano: Touring Club Italiano, (6ª izd. ).ISBN 8836519547
 Avilio, Carlo (2009). "La Catacomba di San Gaudioso. Le radici sotterranee della cristianità disegnano nuove prospettive per il quartiere della Sanità", u Varriale Roberta (kustos), I sottosuoli napoletani, str. 91–101 (prikaz, stručni).ISBN 978-8880801030 .

Vanjske poveznice

Katakombe
Podzemne građevine i strukture u Napulju
Groblja u Napulju
Arheološki lokaliteti u Napulju

Katakombe svetog Gaudija


El Plan de Cuernavaca fue un pronunciamiento realizado el 25 de mayo de 1834, por Ignacio Echeverría y José Mariano Campos en contra de las medidas reformistas —en materia eclesiástica— impulsadas por la administración liberal del vicepresidente Valentín Gómez Farías. Presumiblemente, este plan fue orquestado por el presidente Antonio López de Santa Anna en común acuerdo con el clero alto de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.

Al triunfar el pronunciamiento conservador se derogaron todas las leyes expedidas durante los diez meses de gobierno de los "hombres del progreso", se reabrió la Pontificia y Nacional Universidad de México, se disolvió el Congreso de la Unión y se destituyó a los funcionarios que implementaron las medidas reformistas. De esta forma comenzó la primera dictadura de Santa Anna. Un año más tarde, la facción conservadora del Congreso de la Unión aprobó las bases para la nueva Constitución que dieron origen al régimen centralista de México.

Marco histórico, política reformista
En marzo de 1833, fueron elegidos como presidente Antonio López de Santa Anna y como vicepresidente Valentín Gómez Farías. Ambos alternaron la titularidad del Poder Ejecutivo debido a las frecuentes ausencias del primero, estas en algunas ocasiones fueron para combatir personalmente levantamientos militares, y otras para "reponer su quebrantada salud".

Durante la administración del vicepresidente Gómez Farías se implementaron medidas reformistas que afectaron los intereses del ejército y de la Iglesia católica. En materia militar, se propuso una ley para aumentar las milicias y hacer que los Estados las controlaran, así se podría aliviar el presupuesto federal. Esta ley, y la discusión para enajenar los bienes eclesiásticos por parte de los Estados propició las rebeliones Escalda y Durán que se pronunciaron bajo el grito de "Religión y fueros". Santa Anna solicitó al Congreso el permiso correspondiente para ponerse al mando del ejército, y así combatir a los rebeldes. En respuesta a estas rebeliones, el Congreso de la Unión emitió, en junio de 1833, la conocida "Ley del Caso" cuyo objetivo era ordenar el exilio de los opositores al régimen reformista, En noviembre de 1833, se emitió el decreto que ordenaba la disolución de los cuerpos del ejército que se habían sublevado en contra de las instituciones federales.

En materia eclesiástica se eliminó el diezmo obligatorio, los hospicios y fincas de los misioneros de Filipinas quedaron a cargo de la Federación, se cerró el Colegio de Santa María de Todos Santos, así como la Pontificia y Nacional Universidad de México. En su lugar, se creó la Dirección General de Instrucción Pública, para el Distrito y los Territorios de la Federación. Se ordenó la creación de escuelas primarias, de escuelas de educación normal para maestros de primaria, de escuelas para mujeres y de escuelas para niñas. Se incautaron los bienes de las misiones de California. El 17 de diciembre el Congreso emitió el decreto por medio del cual se autorizaba al gobierno a proveer a los curatos vacantes, el cual era ejercido en algunos de los Estados a la manera en que acostumbraban los virreyes en uso del patronato regio. Los obispos o gobernadores que no cumpliesen esta medida serían multados durante las primeras dos ocasiones, y en caso de reincidir en una tercera ocasión serían desterrados del país. En Jalisco y Tamaulipas se decretó el financiamiento gubernamental del culto; en Durango y en el Estado de México los gobernadores ejercieron el patronato; en Michoacán la Legislatura local reglamentó la observancia de los cánones y la disciplina del clero; y en Yucatán se declaró la tolerancia de cultos. Coincidentemente el 13 de marzo de 1833 ocurrió un terremoto con réplicas los días 15 y 21, adicionalmente el 24 se desató una fuerte tormenta eléctrica con granizo y agua saturada de azufre. Estos eventos —interpretados como "señales divinas"— fueron aprovechados por algunos sacerdotes para exhortar a la población a oponerse a las nuevas leyes reformistas.

Resistencia del clero alto y apoyo de Santa Anna
En noviembre de 1833, Santa Anna solicitó permiso al Congreso para ausentarse durante seis meses para reponer su "quebrantada salud" en la hacienda de Manga del Clavo. En este sitio recibió y escuchó las quejas de los opositores al régimen reformista impuesto por la administración del vicepresidente Valentín Gómez Farías, entre ellas una carta del obispo de Puebla, Francisco Pablo Vázquez, quien calificó la ley del 17 de diciembre como un "pronunciamiento sacrílego contra la divina autoridad del Papa". Por su parte, el obispo de Monterrey, José María de Jesús Belaunzarán y Ureña anunció estar dispuesto a pagar las multas y padecer el destierro, antes que cumplir la nueva ley. El obispo de Chiapas, Luis García Guillén, el gobernador de la mitra de Guadalajara, Diego de Aranda y Carpinteiro y el gobernador de la mitra de Oaxaca, Florencio del Castillo, y el obispo de Michoacán, Juan Cayetano Gómez de Portugal y Solís se rehusaron a cumplir la ley del 17 de diciembre. En contraste, el gobernador de la mitra de Sonora, Francisco Orrantía, y el gobernador de la mitra de Yucatán, José María Meneses, se encontraron dispuestos a acatar la ley reformista, más tarde el primero fue desconocido y depuesto, mientras que el segundo pido exculparse ante el cabildo.

Finalmente, Santa Anna tomó partido por la defensa de los intereses de la Iglesia. El 12 de marzo de 1834, envió una extensa carta a Gómez Farías manifestando su malestar por las directivas y acuerdos que había tomado el gobierno. El 20 de abril, la población de Orizaba se opuso al decreto de la Legislatura local que mandaba el cierre de los conventos de San José de Gracia y del Carmen. La rebelión del pueblo costó algunas vidas, pero logró impedir el cumplimiento de la ley. Dos días más tarde, el Congreso de la Unión decretó 30 días improrrogables para hacer cumplir la ley del 17 de diciembre, en caso de que obispos, cabildos o gobernadores de mitras no acataran dicha ley sería expulsados del país y ocupadas sus temporalidades.

El 24 de abril, antes de cumplirse el permiso solicitado por seis meses, Santa Anna se presentó en la Ciudad de México. Cinco días más tarde publicó un manifiesto mediante el cual comunicó a la población la división enconada que prevalecía entre reformistas y conservadores, así mismo se declaró imparcial y dispuesto a hacer cumplir la Constitución para conservar los derechos de los ciudadanos. Los primeros días de mayo, emitió un decreto para volver al orden a la población de Veracruz, restableciendo a las autoridades locales. Ordenó el desarme de los cívicos de la capital en contra de las protestas del comandante Lucas Balderas, y sugirió al Congreso la abolición de la Ley del Caso.

Consternados, los miembros de las Cámaras enviaron una comisión para preguntar al presidente si tenían o no libertad para legislar. Santa Anna respondió: "la tienen, para obrar lo justo y no más, porque en una mano he de tomar la Constitución y en la otra la espada para hacerla observar, pues así como tuve resolución para atacar la tiranía, la tendré para combatir la demagogia". Ante esta respuesta, el 15 de mayo, el Congreso decidió suspender sus actividades mientras careciera de libertad, "reservándose la facultad para continuar en el momento que considerase pertinente". El Congreso basó su decisión en el artículo 69 del reglamento interno y extendió una prórroga para reunirse. Sin embargo, Santa Anna decidió citar al Congreso para el 21 de mayo, demostrando así que no era adverso al Poder Legislativo.

Pronunciamiento
El 16 de mayo, en Xalapa y Coatepec, Santa Anna fue proclamado "protector de la religión católica". El 23 de mayo, en Oaxaca, fue proclamado "sostenedor de la religión y de las libertades patrias". Finalmente, el 25 de mayo, en la villa de Cuernavaca, Ignacio Echeverría y José Mariano Campos proclamaron el plan que contenía cinco artículos, los cuales demandaban:
1° Derogar la Ley del Caso y no tolerar la influencia de las logias masónicas.
2° Declarar nulas las leyes emitidas por el Congreso de la Unión y las Legislaturas locales.
3° Solicitar la protección del presidente Santa Anna para el cumplimiento del plan, y reconocerlo como única autoridad.
4° Separar de sus puestos a los diputados y funcionarios que habían llevado a cabo el cumplimiento de las leyes y decretos reformistas.
5° Ofrecer la fuerza militar reunida para apoyar al presidente en el cumplimiento del plan.

Entre el 25 mayo y el 11 de junio los ayuntamientos de las poblaciones de Tlaxcala, Huitzuco, Chignahuapan, Mazatepec, Iguala, Santa Ana Chiautempan, Zacapoaxtla, Huejotzingo, Tepecoacuilco, Ixtlahuaca, Santa María Nativitas, Tlacotepec, San Agustín del Palmar, Tenancingo y Toluca, Tecualoya, San Salvador el Verde, San Martín Texmelucan, Misantla, Tehuacán, Huexotla, Malinalco, San Andrés Tuxtla, Teolitlán, Teziutlán, Joquicingo, Colima, San Juan Teotihuacán, San Pablo del Monte, Aquixtla, Otumba, Apan, Coronango, Totolapan, San Martín Xaltocan, Todos Santos Zempoala, Tulancingo, Chalco, Santa María Ozumba, Santiago Tetla, San Nicolás Panotla, Jiutepec, San Ildefonso Hueyotlipan, Cuautitlán, Azcapotzalco, Zacatelco, Maravatío, Iguala, Tepotzotlán, Santa Ana Monte Alto, Tula, Tlalmanalco, Tlayacapan, San Andrés Chalchicomula, Tepeaca, Santa María Tultepec, San Salvador Atenco, Tenango Tepopola, Contepec, Xochitepec, Singuilucan, Tianguismanalco, Ixtapaluca, Amecameca, Cadereyta, Ixmiquilpan, San Juan del Río, Tecali, Coyoacán, Zimapán, Atlixco, Santo Domingo Mixcoac, Actopan, Mineral de Cardonal, Acatzingo, Atotonilco el Grande, San Ángel, Tacubaya, San Pedro Tolimán, Tlaxcoapan, Santiago de Querétaro, Santiago Tulyehualco, Tacuba, San Agustín Tlaxco, Mineral de Pachuca, Celaya, Irapuato, Huascazaloya, así como la parroquia de Santa Catarina Mártir en la Ciudad de México proclamaron sus actas para adherirse al Plan de Cuernavaca y salvaguardar la religión católica.

Cuando los miembros de las Cámaras quisieron reunirse, se encontraron con que las llaves del salón habían sido recogidas y que las puertas eran resguardadas por una fuerza armada. Ante los reclamos de los legisladores, Santa Anna replicó que las sesiones no podían continuar fuera del período señalado por la Constitución. El 1 de junio, fijó su postura publicando otro manifiesto a la ciudadanía, en el cual expresó estar dispuesto a defender los deseos del pueblo para mantener ilesa la religión católica, manifestó haber "implorado" a las Cámaras la derogación de algunas leyes para calmar las agitaciones y temores religiosos. El 12 de junio, Santa Anna arrojó la máscara, disolvió el Ayuntamiento de la capital y anunció su decisión para adherirse al Plan de Cuernavaca. En las iglesias repicaron las campanas y se pusieron letreros que decían "Viva la Religión y el ilustre Santa Anna". El 14 de junio, el nuevo cabildo de la capital secundó la decisión del presidente. Ese mismo día el obispo Juan Cayetano Gómez de Portugal ofició una misa en la Catedral Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México, se cantó el Te Deum y el pueblo aclamó la decisión del presidente.

Reacciones y consecuencias
Varios ayuntamientos del país continuaron adhiriéndose al plan y respaldando la decisión de Santa Anna. El día 24 de junio en la Ciudad de México, Santa Anna derogó la Ley de Patronatos Eclesiásticos expedida el 17 de diciembre de 1833 así como la ratificación del 24 de abril de 1834. Al mismo tiempo designó a Juan Cayetano Gómez de Portugal y Solís como secretario de Justicia y Negocios Eclesiásticos en sustitución de Andrés Quintana Roo. El 9 de julio se expidió la convocatoria para elecciones de los nuevos diputados al Congreso de la Unión. El 26, se permitió el pase del recién nombrado obispo de Yucatán, José María Guerra y Rodríguez Correa. Dos días más tarde se suspendió la orden de aprehensión girada contra Lucas Alamán así como el proceso que se llevaba a cabo en contra de Anastasio Bustamante por el asesinato de Vicente Guerrero. El 30 de julio se derogó la llamada Ley del Caso. El 1 de agosto, se ordenó restablecer la Pontificia y Nacional Universidad de México. El día 8, se ordenó la reposición de los magistrados de la Suprema Corte de Justicia que habían sido destituidos en marzo. Un mes más tarde, el 8 de septiembre de 1834, Valentín Gómez Farías salió exiliado de México con rumbo a Nueva Orleans.

Los acontecimientos en la ciudad de Puebla fueron distintos. Antes de la proclamación del Plan de Cuernavaca, la milicia cívica había proclamado un plan local para sostener la religión católica y había exhortado a la Legislatura local a declarar lo mismo. A pesar de que algunos diputados se unieron al deseo de los cívicos, el presidente Pedro Pablo Carrillo no se encontraba en el salón, de tal suerte un piquete de cívicos lo obligó a presentarse en el salón de sesiones. Ante esta violenta situación, el Congreso de Puebla se negó a deliberar hasta que la milicia se hubiese retirado. Los diputados locales decidieron no aceptar el plan proclamado por la fuerza y decidieron mantener la instituciones "aun a costa de una guerra sangrienta". Por su parte, Santa Anna procuró derrocar al gobierno del Estado. El gobernador, Cosme Furlong, contaba solamente con tres mil hombres, los cuales fueron sitiados por las tropas federales del general Luis Quintanar que sumaban siete mil efectivos y treinta cañones. Los días 13 y 29 de junio los sitiadores realizaron asaltos que fueron rechazados, pero el 5 de julio lograron ocupar los Mesones de Cristo y el Roncal. El 16 de julio, los sitiadores entablaron negociaciones con los representantes del gobernador, Agustín M. Callejo, Juan José Sánchez y el presbítero Apolinario Zacarías. Después de largas discusiones con el general Luis Quintanar, partieron a la capital para entrevistarse con el presidente. El 26 de julio se celebró un convenio de paz, mediante el cual Santa Anna prometió conservar el sistema federal y designar a Guadalupe Victoria como comandante general de la plaza. A pesar de los milicianos que se sintieron traicionados, la ciudad fue entregada el 1 de agosto. Cosme Furlong cedió el gobierno del Estado al general Victoria.

Ante los rumores de la implantación de un sistema centralista, los gobiernos de Zacatecas, Coahuila y Texas fortalecieron sus milicias. Aguascalientes se separó de Zacatecas en mayo de 1835. Los rumores se confirmaron cuando el Congreso se declaró constituyente e implantó el sistema centralista el 23 de octubre de 1835. Esta política provocó la Independencia de Texas y años más tarde, la separación de Yucatán.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

México en 1834
Cuernavaca, Plan de
Política en 1834

Plan de Cuernavaca


Klovnen kan henvise til:

 Klovnen (film fra 1917) – dansk stumfilm fra 1917 instrueret af A.W. Sandberg
 Klovnen (film fra 1926) – dansk stumfilm fra 1926 instrueret af A.W. Sandberg (genindspilning)

Klovnen


بلدية كورفيرا دي أستورياس (بالإسبانية: Corvera de Asturias) هي بلدية تقع في منطقة أستورياس شمال غرب إسبانيا.

الديموغرافيا
بلغ عدد سكان بلدية كورفيرا دي أستورياس 16.236 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

توأمة
لكورفيرا دي أستورياس اتفاقيات توأمة مع كل من:
 مالدونادو
 برايا

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لبلدية كورفيرا دي أستورياس

بلديات أشتورية

كورفيرا دي أستورياس


Persisterende foramen ovale (forkortet PFO) er åbning i skillevæggen imellem hjertets forkamre, som er medfødt.

Oftest opdages det ved, at der ikke er andre årsager til en venetrombose (blodprop). Hjertet undersøges så, og opfte viser der sig denne åbning.

Indgrebet foretages i lysken eller hånden og udføres ambulant.

Hjertesygdomme

Persisterende foramen ovale


Basiloterus je izumrli rod kasnoeocenskih primitivnih kitova iz formacije Drazinda, u Pakistanu, a možda i engleske Barton grupe (izvorno Barton Beds).

Basiloterus husseini je najbliži poznati srodnik Basilosaura, ali nije bio tako velik ili izdužen. Holotip je poznat po djelomičnim ostacima lubanje, uključujući dva lumbalna kralješka.

Izvori

Životinje iz eocena
Archaeoceti

Basiloterus


NGC 6581 je kompaktna galaktika u zviježđu Herkulu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6581
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6581 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
   DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6550 - 6599

6581

NGC 6581


Pukkenholt, pokkenholt eller Lignum Vitæ er navne for en tidligere anvendt meget hård og tung træsort fra de tropiske Guaiac-træer, især fra Guaiacum officinale og Guaiacum sanctum.  Den hårde træsort er meget sej og tætbygget og har et højt indhold af harpiks og olie, som gør træet vandafvisende og modstandsdygtigt over for ild, slitage, korrosion og syre.

Guaiacum-træerne tilhører kreosotbusk-familien. De langsomtvoksende, små, buskede løvtræer, vokser på Jamaica, i det sydlige Florida og i Mexico, i Vestindien samt i tropiske skove i Mellemamerika og det nordlige Sydamerika. Kerneveddet er mørkebrunt, næsten sort, med et grønligt skær. Splinten er lysere, hvilket giver en marmoreringseffekt ved gennemskæring.

Blomsterne af Guaiacum officinale er officiel nationalblomst for Jamaica. Træsorten Guaiacum sanctum er nationaltræ i Bahamas.

Navnet
Navnet pukkenholt kommer fra det tyske navn Puckerholz, pokkertræ, da man engang mente, at træet kunne kurere syfilis. Træsorten kaldtes også Lignum Vitæ og Holywood på engelsk, Palo Santo på spansk, guayacan eller guaiacum. Træsorten blev også kaldt ironwood med henvisning til dets hårdhed, tyngde og slitagemodstand. Det let grønlige skær på det mørke kerneved har også givet træsorten navnet greenheart på engelsk, da heartwood betyder kerneved.

Navne som Lignum Vitæ (livets træ), Palo santo (hellige træ) og Holywood henviser til træsortens store nytteværdi og er også en påmindelse om træets brug i medicin. Afkog og dele af træet brugtes tidligere som kur mod alskens sygdomme fra hoste til gigt og syfilis.

Egenskaber og brug af træet
Pukkenholt er en meget værdifuld træsort, tidligere eksporteret i store mængder som kolonivare fra Vestindien til Europa fra 1600-tallet. Træsorten var værdsat for sin hårdhed, slidstyrke, robusthed og store massefylde. Det er en af de hårdeste og tungeste træsorter, der findes. Træet indeholder en meget stor andel af harpiks og op til 25 % olieindhold, hvilket gør, at genstande og bevægelige dele såsom propeller lavet af træsorten ikke behøver smørelse. Træets store massefylde gør, at det synker i vand.

Trævedet blev brugt til blandt andet at bygge propeller, skibsskruer og skibsdele, maskindele, tandhjul, lejer, glideklodser, sveller for togskinner samt alskens trædrejede genstande, såsom britiske politiknipler, morterstødere, knivskafter og hamre til crocket-spil. Greenheart var op gennem 1800-tallet og begyndelsen af 1900-tallet det foretrukne materiale til fiskestænger.

Ved bygning af Panama-jernbanen var svellerne af pukkenholt så hårde, at de skulle bores, for at man kunne slå skinnespiger i.
Den dag i dag bruges træet til maskindele, som skal befinde sig under vand og ikke skal smøres eller beskyttes, for eksempel ved hydroelektriske dæmninger.
Træet har også været brugt til mekaniske dele i store skibsure, da træveddet takket være sit store indhold af naturlig olie og harpiks ikke behøver smørelse og rustbeskyttelse til forskel fra dele lavet af metal og udsat for fugt.

Samtidig blev træets ved, blomster og blade brugt til medicinudkog og barken til at brygge te af, hvilket blev brugt som prævention. Harpiks af træerne bliver den dag i dag brugt til fremstilling af det særlige guaiac-papir, der bruges i medicintest til at påvise, om der er skjult blod i patientens afføring.

Træerne har altid været sjældne og er i dag truet af udryddelse på grund af uhæmmet skovhugst. I 1998 blev træerne fra Guaiac-familien erklæret udrydningstruede af IUCN , som satte træerne på listen af truede arter, den såkaldte CITES appendix II. Derfor er handel og import af pukkenholt forbudt i nogle lande (som Mexico) og meget begrænset.

Eksterne henvisninger
 Pokkenholt i Store Danske Leksikon
 Pokkenholt i Store Norske Leksikon

Noter

Træ
Mellemamerika

Pukkenholt


John IV may refer to:
 Patriarch John IV of Alexandria, Patriarch between 569 and 579
 John IV of Armenia, Catholicos of Armenia between 833 and 855
 John IV of Constantinople (died 595), Patriarch from 582
 Pope John IV (died 642), Pope from 640
 John IV (bishop of Naples) (died 835)
 John IV of Naples, Duke from 997 to after 1002
 John IV of Gaeta (died 1012)
 John IV of Ohrid, Archbishop of Ohrid in 1139/43–1157/64
 John IV, Count of Soissons (died 1302)
 John IV Laskaris (1250–1305), Emperor of Nicaea from 1259 to 1261
 John IV, Duke of Brittany (1339–1399), Count of Montfort, 7th Earl of Richmond
 John IV, Lord of Arkel (died 1360)
 John IV, Count of Sponheim-Starkenburg (died 1414)
 John IV, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (died 1414)
 John IV, Duke of Mecklenburg (died 1422)
 John IV, Count of Katzenelnbogen (died 1444)
 John IV, Count of Armagnac (1396–1450), Count of Armagnac, Fézensac, and Rodez
 John IV, Duke of Brabant (1403–1427)
 John IV of Trebizond (1403–1460), Emperor of Trebizond
 John IV, Count of Nassau-Siegen (1410–1475), Count of Nassau, Vianden and Diez
 John IV, Marquess of Montferrat (1412–1464)
 Jan IV of Oświęcim (1426/1430–1497), Duke of Gliwice
 John IV, Duke of Bavaria (1437–1463)
 John IV, Landgrave of Leuchtenberg (1470–1531)
 John IV, Duke of Krnov (died 1483), Duke of Wodzisław Śląski
 John IV of Chalon-Arlay (1443–1502), prince of Orange
 Ivan IV of Russia (Ivan the Terrible, 1530–1584)
 John IV, Count of Nassau-Idstein (1603–1677)
 John IV of Portugal (1604–1656), known as John II, Duke of Braganza, before 1640
 John IV of Ethiopia (1837–1889)
 Jean, Count of Paris (born 1965), Orléanist pretender to the French throne as Jean IV

See also
John 4, the fourth chapter of the Gospel of John
John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (1658–1729)
Ioannes IV (disambiguation)
Johann IV (disambiguation)

John 04

John IV


Ivan Vasilevici Udodov (în , ) a fost un halterofil rus care a cucerit o medalie olimpică de aur în 1952 și un titlu mondial în 1953, ambele la categoria -56 kg. După ce a avansat într-o clasă superioară de greutate (-60 kg) a câștigat medalii de argint la Campionatele Mondiale din 1954 și 1955. Între 1952 și 1954 Udodov a stabilit patru recorduri mondiale: unul la smuls, unul la aruncat, și alte două la general.

În 1941, pe când Udodov avea 17 ani, a fost capturat de germani și deportat în lagărul de concentrare Buchenwald. Când a fost eliberat în 1945, el cântărea aproximativ 30 de kg și nu putea să meargă pe propriile picioare. El s-a apucat de haltere pentru a-și recupera puterea, și în 1949 a reușit să termine al doilea la Campionatul Uniunii Sovietice la haltere, categoria -56 kg. În 1950 a absolvit Facultatea de Educație Fizică din Rostov. El a câștigat campionatul național între anii 1950-1952. În 1954 Udodov a trecut la categoria pană, și a stabilit două recorduri mondiale, dar a avut mai puțin succes în competiții, reușind să câștige singurul titlu național la această categorie în 1956. În același an, el nu a fost inclus în cadrul echipei olimpice din cauza unei accidentări. S-a retras din competiții pentru a deveni șofer de camion și mai târziu antrenor de haltere în Rostov. A murit în 1981, fiind înmormântat la Cimitirul de Nord din Rostov-pe-Don.

Referințe

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1924
Decese în 1981
Sportivi ruși
Medaliați olimpici cu aur sovietici
Halterofili sovietici
Halterofili la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1952

Ivan Udodov


Johannes Bisselius SJ (* 20. August 1601 in Babenhausen; † 9. März 1682 in Amberg) war ein deutscher Jesuit, Historiker und neulateinischer Dichter.

Leben
Als Johannes Bissel geboren, trat er nach seiner Schulausbildung in der Babenhauser Lateinschule und Studium an der Dillinger Universität 1621 in den Jesuitenorden ein. Er war in Ingolstadt Lehrer für Rhetorik, Philosophie und Kontroverstheologie. Von 1652 bis zu seinem Tod war er Prediger in Dillingen an der Donau. Er verstarb am Jesuitenkolleg in Amberg als kurfürstlich bayerischer Hofbiograph und Studienpräfekt.

Ausgaben und Übersetzungen
 Lutz Claren u. a. (Hrsg.): Johannes Bisselius: Deliciae Veris – Frühlingsfreuden. Lateinischer Text, Übersetzung, Einführungen und Kommentar. De Gruyter, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-11-031449-6

Literatur
 Philipp Weiß, Alexander Winkler: Der Dichter und Historiker Johannes Bisselius SJ (1601-1682) – ein personalbibliographischer Überblick. In: Humanistica Lovaniensia. Band 61, 2012, S. 455–482.

 Wilhelm Kühlmann: Zwischen Adaptation, Integration und Revokation. Deutsche Schwankliteratur (J. Pauli) in der Jesuitenlyrik des Johannes Bisselius (1601–1682), in: Jan-Dirk Müller, Ulrich Pfisterer, Anna Kathrin Bleuler, Fabian Jonietz (Hrsg.): Aemulatio. Kulturen des Wettstreits in Text und Bild (1450–1620). De Gruyter, Berlin 2011 (= Pluralisierung & Autorität, 27), ISBN 978-3-11-026230-8, S. 537–569.

Weblinks
 Johannes Bisselius im Literaturportal Bayern

Einzelnachweise

Jesuit
Geboren 1601
Gestorben 1682
Mann

Johannes Bisselius


Castelul Brukenthal din Micăsasa este un monument istoric aflat pe teritoriul satului Micăsasa, comuna Micăsasa.

Istoric
Construit în secolul al XVI-lea, castelul a fost initial locuința lui Adam Rodac, un om înstărit. În secolul al XVIII-lea acesta a devenit proprietatea guvernatorului Transilvaniei, baronul Samuel von Brukenthal, printr-o donație făcută de Maria Tereza. Naționalizată în timpul comunismului, clădirea a servit drept sediu CEC, iar ulterior, până în anul 2001 Castelul Brukenthal a găzduit școala.

Castelul Brukenthal din Micăsasa se află în paragină de aproximativ două decenii. Castelul este, din octombrie 2013, în proprietatea Primăriei Micăsasa. Potrivit autorităților locale, o renovare completă a monumentului ar costa circa două milioane de euro.

Primăria comunei Micăsasa a început niște demersuri firave pentru salvarea castelului semnând în februarie 2021 un contract de parteneriat cu Ambulanța pentru Monumente, pentru a renova acoperișul clădirii.

Note

Vezi și
 Micăsasa, Sibiu

Legături externe
 Monumente istorice din România-Fișă și localizare de monument
 Via Transilvanica: Borna cu bustul baronului Brukenthal, montată la Micăsasa

Imagini din exterior

Monumente istorice din județul Sibiu

Castelul Brukenthal din Micăsasa


Daizo Okitsu (født 15. juni 1974) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Shimizu S-Pulse og Cerezo Osaka.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Daizo Okitsu


Donkey (Burro), conocido a menudo por su nombre de archivo DONKEY.BAS, era un juego de computadora escrito en 1981 e incluido con las versiones tempranas del sistema operativo PC-DOS distribuido con el IBM PC original. Es un juego de conducción de un vehículo en el cual el jugador debe evitar golpear burros atravesados en la vía. Mientras que era extremadamente simple comparado a posteriores juegos del PC y a los juegos disponibles para otros sistemas, al momento de su lanzamiento, DONKEY.BAS es sin duda un precursor de todos los juegos del IBM PC. El juego también es notable porque fue coescrito por el cofundador de Microsoft, Bill Gates.

Historia

Cuando IBM desarrollaba el IBM PC a finales de los años 1970 y principios de los 1980. contrató a Microsoft para desarrollar un sistema operativo y una versión del lenguaje de programación BASIC para lanzar con la nueva computadora. El sistema operativo fue lanzado como PC-DOS, cuando estaba incluido con el IBM PC, y el MS-DOS, cuando era vendido por separado por Microsoft. Ambas incluían versiones del Microsoft BASIC.

DONKEY.BAS fue escrito por Bill Gates y Neil Konzen para demostrar al IBM PC y la capacidad del lenguaje del programación BASIC, en producir programas interactivos con gráficos de color y con sonido.

El juego continúa generando interés en parte debido a la implicación de Gates en un momento en que Microsoft era relativamente pequeño, y con solamente seis años de antigüedad. De acuerdo a un discurso entregado por Gates en 2001:

Andrés Hertzfeld de Apple mencionó el juego en una descripción de la reacción del equipo de Macintosh con respecto al IBM PC de 1981, comprado para ellos por Steve Jobs "para disectarlo y evaluarlo" observando que la nueva computadora fue despachada con "algunos juegos escritos en BASIC que eran especialmente embarazosos".

La primera versión de DONKEY.BAS fue lanzada en 1981, seguido por la versión 1.10 en 1982. Los sistemas operativos en los que el juego fue distribuido por primera vez todavía trabajan en los modernos computadores con BIOS y unidades floppy de 5.25 pulgadas compatibles, no obstante el IBM BASICA, que corría el programa bajo el PC-DOS 1.x, requiere el IBM Cassette BASIC basado en ROM, que los computadores modernos no tienen. El código fuente todavía está disponible. El juego puede ser jugado con el GW-BASIC (con el código original), o con el QBasic (con código adaptado), o en forma compilada (ver los enlaces externos abajo).

Donkey NET

En una conferencia en 2001, el todavía CEO de Microsoft, Bill Gates, hizo público una modernización del viejo Donkey.Bas ahora usando lenguaje Visual Basic.NET disponible posteriormente en el sitio web de Microsoft. Aparentemente era totalmente 3D en un mundo abierto. Este código todavía puede ser ejecutado en Visual Basic 2005 y .NET 2.0 pero no llega a mostrar una pantalla pues requiere una versión obsoleta de DirectX.
Después de varios años, Microsoft eliminó el código de su centro de descargas.

Referencias

Véase también

 IBM Personal Computer BASIC
 GORILLAS.BAS
 NIBBLES.BAS

Enlaces externos

 Speech in which Bill Gates and Ari Bixhorn discuss DONKEY.BAS and Donkey .NET
 Story about Macintosh developers discovering DONKEY.BAS
 DONKEY.BAS source code adapted for QBasic.
 DONKEY.BAS executable, a compiled version of the above source code that can be executed on Windows PCs without an interpreter.
 Donkey .NET download from Microsoft.
 An implementation of DONKEY.BAS for the Picaxe microcontroller.
 Article on Donkey.bas with animation showing program running
 DONKEY.GB on the Piga Software Wiki

Videojuegos de 1981
Videojuegos para DOS
Videojuegos de Microsoft
Lenguaje de programación BASIC

DONKEY.BAS


Michael Dennis Denner (Kopenhagen, 5. studenoga 1958.) danski je heavy metal gitarist. Najpoznatiji je kao gitarist sastava Mercyful Fate i King Diamond. Poznat je po svoj gitari Gibson Flying V.

Životopis

Počeo je svirati gitaru 1969. kada je čuo Led Zeppelin. Kao uzore smatrao je Ulija Jona Rotha i Michaela Schenkera. Godine 1979. pridružio se punk sastavu Brats gdje su svirali Hank Shermann i King Diamond. Denner je napustio Brats te je osnovao sastav Danger Zone koji je objavio dva demoalbuma.

Godine 1981. Denner se pridružio sastavu Mercyful Fate. Kada se sastav raspao 1985., Denner se s Timijem Hansenom pridružio sastavu Kinga Diamonda. Napustio ga je nakon objavljena albuma Abigail. Zatim je Denner s Shermannom osnovao sastav Zoser Mez koji je objavio jedan album.

Godine 1993. Denner se ponovno pridružio sastavu Mercyful Fate. Ponovno ga je napustio 1996. Godine 2000. pridružio se sastavu Force of Evil koji je objavio dva albuma.

Trenutno svira sa samostalnim sastavom Denner's Inferno. Ima ženu i vlasnik je glazbene trgovine Beat-Bop u Kopenhagenu.

Diskografija

 Mercyful Fate

 Melissa (1983.)
 Don't Break the Oath (1984.)
 In the Shadows (1993.)
 Time (1994.)
 Into the Unknown (1996.)

 King Diamond

 Fatal Portrait (1986.)
 Abigail (1987.)

 Zoser Mez

 Vizier of Wasteland (1991.)

 Force of Evil

 Force of Evil (2003.)
 Black Empire (2005.)

 Brats

 1980 (1980.)

 Denner's Inferno

 In Amber (2019.)

Izvori

Danski glazbenici
Gitaristi

Michael Denner