Edith Elisabeta Farkas () a fost o cercetătoare antarctică, cunoscută ca fiind prima femeie maghiară și prima reprezentantă a MetService din Noua Zeelandă care a pus piciorul în Antarctica. În plus, ea a condus cercetarea la nivel mondial a monitorizării ozonului timp de peste 30 de ani.

Viața timpurie și educație
Edit Gyulán Farkas s-a născut pe 13 octombrie 1921 în Szentgotthárd, Ungaria. A urmat școala elementară și secundară în Szentgotthárd și Győr, Budapesta. În 1939 Farkas a intrat la universitate și a absolvit în 1944 cu diplomă de profesor de matematică și fizică a Universității Pázmány Péter din Budapesta. A emigrat în Noua Zeelandă ca refugiat în 1949, după război, unde a absolvit un master în fizică în anul 1952 la Universitatea Victoria din Wellington.

Cariera și impactul
Farkas a fost un meteorolog, cercetător al ozonului. A început să lucreze ca meteorolog la Secțiunea de Cercetare a Serviciul Meteorologic din Noua Zeelandă în 1951 unde a continuat să facă acest lucru pentru aproximativ 35 de ani.

Farkas a monitorizat ozonul din 1950 până la pensionare în 1986, fiind lider mondial în cercetarea în domeniul monitorizării stratului de ozon pe parcursul a mai mult de trei decenii. În timpul anilor 1960 și-a mutat domeniul de interes din ce în ce mai mult la studiul ozonului atmosferic, inclusiv măsurarea ozonului total cu spectrofotometru de ozon Dobson. Ea a făcut parte dintr-un mic grup internațional de oameni de știință dedicat studiului de ozon atmosferic, interes care a fost, în mare măsură, utilizat ca un indicator pentru a ajuta studiile circulației atmosferice. Munca ei a contribuit substanțial la descoperirea "găurii din stratul de ozon", lucru care a schimbat comportamentul lumii față de poluare. Interesul ei în măsurarea ozonului atmosferic a condus în mod natural la aplicarea experienței ei în monitorizarea suprafeței de ozon ca parte a studiilor despre poluarea aerului și la măsurarea turbidității atmosferice.

Farkas a fost prima femeie maghiară și, de asemenea, prima femeie din MetService din Noua Zeelandă care a pus piciorul în Antarctica, în 1975. Cele 2 jurnale ale sale din timpul celui de-al doilea război mondial stau la baza cărții Dosarele Farkas.

Decesul și moștenirea
Farkas a fost prima femeie care a primit Premiul Henry Hill al MetService din Noua Zeelandă în 1986, la pensionare. A primit o recunoaștere specială la simpozionul Quadrennial Ozone din Germania în 1988 pentru cei 30 de ani de contribuție la cercetarea stratului de ozon.  Edith a donat unui muzeu o serie de obiecte personale și alte obiecte care au legătură cu cariera ei, inclusiv unele probe de roci din Antarctica, fotografii, publicații și copia originală a romanului despre șederea sa pe cel mai sudic continent. A dus o lungă luptă împotriva cancerul osos și a murit la Wellington pe 3 februarie 1993.

Referințe

Nașteri în 1921
Decese în 1993
Cercetători maghiari

Edith Farkas


Pokolj u Batepáu dogodio se 3. veljače 1953. u São Toméu kada je stotine domorodačkih kreola poznatih kao forros pobila kolonijalna uprava i portugalski zemljoposjednici. Mnogi "forrosi" vjerovali su da ih vlada namjerava prisiliti da rade kao ugovorni radnici, čemu su se usprotivili. Kao odgovor, guverner je za nemire okrivio komuniste i naredio vojsci da uhiti takve pojedince, a civilima da se zaštite. Ovo se brzo pretvorilo u krvoproliće, što je rezultiralo smrću stotina "forrosa". Nikakva komunistička zavjera nikada nije dokazana.

Pozadina
Carlos Gorgulho preuzeo je dužnost guvernera 1945. godine. U to je vrijeme otok Sveti Toma bio jedan od najvećih svjetskih proizvođača kakaoa. Velike plantaže, nazvane roças, zauzimale su većinu obradivog zemljišta na otoku. Roças je djelovao kao kvazi-feudalni sustav koji koristi ugovorne radnike (serviçais) iz kopnene Afrike i Zelenortskih otoka. Forrosi su uvijek odbijali ručni poljski rad na imanjima, jer su ga smatrali robovskim radom. Prema Gorgulhovoj procjeni, politika ekonomske modernizacije portugalskog Estado Novo režima zahtijevala je razbijanje ovisnosti Svetog Tome o ugovornim radnicima iz prekomorskih zemalja. Kako bi to postigao, Gorgulho je implementirao politike kako bi "serviçaise" olakšao vratiti kući dok je u isto vrijeme poboljšavao uvjete na roçasima, za koje se nadao da će privući lokalnu radnu snagu. Također je uveo mjere usmjerene na egzistenciju forrosa kao što je zabrana prodaje palminog vina i lokalno proizvedenog džina te podizanje poreza na biralište s 30 na 90 eskuda; Gorgulho je vjerovao da će te mjere rezultirati time da "forrosi" preuzmu najamni rad na roçasima.

Gorgulho se također suočio s nedostatkom radne snage za izvođenje javnih radova i građevinskih projekata. Kolonijalna uprava koristila je policijske racije za otmice ljudi za prisilni rad kako bi odrađivali velik dio ovih poslova.

Kriza
Suočena s raširenim nedostatkom radne snage, kolonijalna uprava predložila je 1952. naseljavanje 15 tisuća ljudi sa Zelenortskih otoka na São Tomé. Zatim su se u siječnju 1953. proširile glasine da će vlada zaplijeniti zemlju "forrosa" kako bi ju dala novopridošlim Zelenorćanima i prisiliti "forrose" da rade kao ugovorni radnici. Dana 2. veljače 1953. u São Toméu su se pojavili rukom pisani pamfleti u kojima se prijetilo ubojstvom svakome tko kao radnike primi "forrose". Vlada je odgovorila službenom izjavom: "Vlada je obaviještena da pojedinci koji su neprijateljski nastrojeni prema sadašnjoj politici, poznati kao komunisti, šire tendenciozne glasine u smislu da se kreoli moraju obvezati da sami ugovore posao na "roçasima" poput serviçaisa. Vlada izjavljuje da niti jedan kreol ne bi trebao pridati zasluge ovim glasinama, već bi takve pojedince trebao prijaviti policiji. Dakle, vlada koja ima obvezu štititi kreole, kao što je uvijek radila, jamči im da nikada neće pristati odobriti takve ugovore." Gomile prosvjednika okupile su se 3. veljače i policija je ubila jednog od njih, Manuela da Conceição Soaresa. Njegova smrt potaknula je veliki prosvjed u Trindadeu sljedeći dan.

Pokolji
Gorgulho je obavijestio koloniste i upravu da se sprema komunistička pobuna i uputio je poziv svim bijelim kolonistima da uzmu oružje kako bi zaštitili sebe i bijele žene. Milicije su se brzo formirale te su se i neki Zelenorćani odazvali pozivu na oružje. Osim toga, plantažeri su mobilizirali angolske i mozambičke radnike. Tijekom sljedećih nekoliko dana milicije i kolonijalne vlasti ubile su stotine forrosa. Dvadeset i osam ljudi su u ćelijama ugušili lokalni policajci, Corpo de Polícia Indígena (CPI, domorodački policijski korpus), a na jednom je imanju dvadeset ljudi živo spaljeno. Vlasti su podvrgavale zatvorenike mučenju pomoću struje i desetine zatvorenika umrlo je od posljedica mučenja, premlaćivanja i prisilnog rada . Vlasti su mnoga tijela bacile u more. Ostao je zabilježen Gorguhlov savjet provoditeljima zločina: "Baci ovo sranje u more da izbjegneš nevolje".

Posljedice
Dana 4. ožujka pripadnici portugalske Međunarodne i državne obrambene policije stigli su provesti istragu o navodnoj komunističkoj zavjeri. Brzo su zaključili da takve zavjere nema i u travnju je Sarmento Rodrigues, ministar prekomorskih teritorija, naredio Gorgulhu da se vrati u Lisabon. Promaknut je u čin generala i za svoje djelovanje pohvaljen od ministra vojske, generala Abranchesa Pinta. Sedmorici "forrosa" suđeno je za ubojstvo dvojice policajaca.

Pokolj u Batepáu označio je uspon pokreta za neovisnost u portugalskom Svetom Tomi i Principu, a svake godine 3. veljače obilježava se kao nacionalni praznik, Dan mučenika za slobodu (Dia de Mártires da Liberdade).

Izvori

Sveti Toma i Princip
Portugalsko Kolonijalno Carstvo
Hladni rat
Masakri

Pokolj u Batepáu


Nour Zamen Zammouri (), né le  à Djerba, est un footballeur tunisien évoluant au poste de défenseur central à Baladiyyat El Mahallah.

Biographie
Il commence sa carrière avec l'Espoir sportif de Jerba Midoun, où il passe par toutes les catégories de jeunes.

Le 21 décembre 2017, en fin de contrat avec ce club, il s'engage avec le Club sportif sfaxien.

Le 14 septembre 2022, il est transféré librement à l'Ismaily SC pour trois saisons.

Palmarès
 Club sportif sfaxien
 Coupe de Tunisie (3) :
 Vainqueur : 2019, 2021 et 2022.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur tunisien
Joueur du Club sportif sfaxien
Joueur d'Ismaily SC
Naissance en décembre 1997
Naissance à Djerba

Nour Zamen Zammouri


Die Sunrise-Dam-Goldmine liegt 770 Kilometer nordöstlich von Perth, 220 Kilometer nordöstlich von Kalgoorlie-Boulder und 55 Kilometer südlich von Laverton in Western Australia in den östlichen Goldfeldern von Western Australia an der Ostseite des Lake Carey.

Die Goldmine befindet sich zu 100 Prozent im Eigentum von Anglogold Ashanti.

Geschichte
Entdeckt wurde die Goldlagerstätte im August 1988. 1993 wurde das Vorkommen auf 2,3 Millionen Tonnen Gestein mit einem Gehalt von 4,6 Gramm je Tonne geschätzt und der Tagebau begann 1995, der 2008 eine Teufe von 440 Metern erreichte. 1999 übernahm AngloGold das Bergwerk von Acacia Resources Ltd, 2003 wurde mit dem Untertagebau begonnen.

Das Kraftwerk des Bergwerks wurde mit Dieselgeneratoren betrieben und 2008 durch LNG-Gasturbinen ersetzt, um Kosten zu minimieren und den Schadstoffausstoß zu minimieren.

Geologie

Das Gebiet hat das typische Profil der flachen Landschaft des Yilarn Craton. Am Lake Carey befinden sich Sand- und gipshaltigen Dünen, flache Salzpfannen und flach ausgewaschene Ablagerungen. Am Sunrise Hills tritt ein eisenhaltiges gebändertes Gestein an die Erdoberfläche.

Die goldhaltige Erzlagerstätte befindet sich im Norseman-Wiluna-Grüngürtel. In der Nähe dieses Goldvorkommens befinden sich weitere Goldlagerstätten, die abgebaut werden. Das gebänderte eisenhaltige Gestein der Sunrise-Dam-Goldmine, das Ablagerungen in einer Mächtigkeit von 2 bis 10 Metern erreicht, enthält metasedimentäre, metavulkanische und metaklastische Gesteine und magnetithaltige Tuffe. In diese Gesteine intrudierten Quarz- und feldspathaltige Porphyre. In den quarzhaltigen Adern, die sich im Verlauf der Sunrise-Abschering bildeten, befindet sich Gold, das durch Verwitterung auch oberflächennah abgelagert wurde.

Bergwerksbetrieb und Umwelt

Gefördert wird das Gestein in traditioneller Technik. Das gewonnene Gestein wird mit Radladern und Muldenkippern bewegt und zu Förderbändern transportiert. Die Trennung von Gestein und Gold geschieht durch Schwerkraft und das Carbon-In-Leach-Verfahren. Die Aufbereitung des Gesteins erfolgt in diesem Verfahren nach Zerkleinerung des Gesteins, Flotation und Cyanidauslaugung unter Beteiligung von Aktivkohle. Nach Filtration und Ausfällung entsteht brauner Schlamm, aus dem nach Waschen und Trocknen durch Reduktion Rohgold gewonnen wird. Trotz Wiederverwendung der cyanidhaltigen Waschlösung, kann auch Cyanid in die Umwelt entweichen. Diese werden zwar leicht in der Natur zersetzt und abgebaut, dennoch können die  entstehenden großen Abraumhalden und Cyanid-Stäube durch Wind und Wasser unkontrolliert verteilt werden, Giftstoffe unkontrolliert in die Umwelt gelangen und schwere ökologische Schäden verursachen.

Produktionsergebnisse

Übersicht der Produktionszahlen:

Weblinks

 anglogold.com (PDF; 1,3 MB): AngloGold Ashanti Website - Country Report Australia

Einzelnachweise

Goldmine in Australien
Tagebau
Geologie Australiens
Rohstoffvorkommen
Wirtschaft (Western Australia)
Bergwerk in Australien und Ozeanien

Sunrise-Dam-Goldmine


The movements of the Southern Dragon style (traditional name Lung Ying "Dragon Form"; ) of Shaolin Boxing are based on the mythical Chinese dragon. The Dragon style is an imitative-style that was developed based on the imagined characteristics of the mythical Chinese dragon.

The Dragon played an influential and beneficial role in Chinese culture. An amalgam of several creatures, including monitor lizards, pythons and the Chinese alligator, the polymorphic dragon was a water spirit, responsible for bringing the rains and thus ensuring the survival of crops. The dragon was the symbolic guardian to the gods, and was the source of true wisdom. This latter feature most likely resulted from the observation of the living reptilian counterparts which, usually at rest, seem to be in a near constant state of contemplation.

The dragon represented two of the ancient elements, Earth and Water, endowing the creature with powers of illusion and strength. A Yang symbol, the Taoists saw the dragon as a personification of the Tao itself—"the Dragon reveals himself only to vanish". Shaolin Buddhists saw him as a vision of enlightened truth, to be felt, but never to be held. Certain very old men were called dragons, these being well versed in the life-supporting skills of herbal medicine, agriculture, and kung fu. In early China, these skills were surely a matter of life or death, and those so educated were held in high regard.

History

The history of Southern Dragon style has historically been transmitted orally rather than by text, so its origins will probably never be known in their entirety. Modern Southern Dragon style's history can be reliably traced to the monk Daai Yuk Sim Si who was the abbot of Huashoutai (华首台) (White Hair) temple on Mount Luofu (罗浮山). No reliable records of the style's origin prior to that exist, though there is much speculation regarding the subject.

Southern Dragon style has roots in a combination of the local styles of the Hakka heartland in inland eastern Guangdong with the style that the monk Ji Sin Sim Si taught in Guangdong and the neighboring province of Fujian in the 18th century.

North of the Dongjiang in the northwest of Bóluó () County in the prefecture of Huizhou in Guangdong Province is the sacred mountain Luófúshān.
Luófúshān is the site of many temples, including Wa Sau Toi where, c. 1900, a Chan (Zen) master named Daai Yuk taught Southern Dragon style to Lam Yiu Gwai (1874–1965), who in turn passed the art on to the many students of his schools in Guangzhou.

Lam Yiu Gwai and Jeung Lai Chuen (1880-1966) were good friends from their youth in the Dongjiang region of Huizhou, longtime training partners and later cousins by marriage. Lam and Jeung would open several schools together, and Southern Dragon style and Jeung's style of Bak Mei share many similarities.

A variation of the Southern Dragon style is taught by the Long Choo Kung Fu Society based in Penang, Malaysia and with branches in Australia. Founded by Li Ah Yu and his father near the turn of the 20th century, this association claims it is teaching a Soft/ Hard Dragon style originating from Fukkien province.

Methods and philosophy
Southern Dragons kung fu is essentially an internal qi (pronounced chi) cultivation method, but initialisation training is far more like a hard, external style, than the delicate approach an internal (like t'ai chi ch'uan or baguazhang) would have. In learning the moves, the student will strike hard, block hard and rush into each position, with the idea of learning the proper place to be once each movement is complete. Eventually, the method of transmitting power is retained, and the physically strengthened body is able to make transitions in the proper, fluid manner. In turn, this dragon-like smoothness helps disguise the attack, making it extremely difficult for an adversary to effectively counter.

Once a purely physical semblance to flow has been mastered, the disciple incorporates the deep hissing sounds to train chi flow. Inhaling is silent, but exhalation is deliberate, tense and controlled. Inhaling lightens the body for aerial maneuvers, while exhaling drives power into each technique. Blocking is dispensed with, and parries or simple strikes substituted. At this point, novice and advanced student show very little in common.

On the highest level, an opponent is allowed to tire himself out, evasion becoming the Dragon's key defense. Qi control is highly developed, and the degree to which the body must be moved to redirect or avoid impact is under greater control.

The forms (Taolu 套路) that constitute this system are divided by complexity into three categories, and are enumerated below:

Basic
16 Movements/Holes ()
Passing Bridge Three Times ()
Fierce Tiger Leaping Over Wall ()
Rescue Master From Single Side ()
Single Sword and Mount ()
Press and Hit from Four Sides ()
Eagle Claw ()
Bridge Smashing ()
Intermediate
Touch Bridge (introduces sticking hands) ()
Venomous Snake Moves Tongue ()
Hua King's Fist ()
Standing Five-Form ()
Cross Standing Five-Form
Turn to Hook and Hit
Five Horses Returning to Stable ()
Advanced
Plum Flower Punch ()
Seven Ways of Plum Flower Punch ()

In each form, one is taught to "ride the wind", a phrase which in large part means follow rather than lead. Provide no opening without first letting your opponent open. Unlike Crane, which also relies heavily upon evasion as a tactic, the Dragon evades primarily by rotation of upper or lower torso with straight and zig-zag stance movements, while the Crane stylist hops frequently to reposition the entire body. Both styles employ pinpoint strikes to vulnerable meridian targets, but dragon also heavily uses tiger-like punches and clawing techniques, snake-like stance shifts, and leopard-like hit and run strikes to weaken a physically superior adversary. Southern Dragon kung fu also regularly employs low sweeping techniques, but these are not unique; most senior stylists of any kung fu system use these on a weakened adversary.

Techniques

Overview
The Southern dragon stylist relies on a variety of fighting techniques that can be employed for a wide range of needs. The style uses techniques that can cripple or kill an opponent if the need arises or it can be used simply to control a minor street fighting situation.

Lung Ying (Dragon Form) focuses mainly on powerful, short to medium range attacks, as is common among southern Chinese styles of kung fu. Gripping techniques and extensive use of forearms typify the art. The style was created as an aggressive combat art and operates under the basic assumption that you are trying to either disable your opponent to the point that they are no longer a threat in battle, or kill them, though these are not by any means the only options a Lung Ying practitioner has. As such Lung Ying employs a large number of techniques to damage the opponent's joints either through joint manipulation or direct striking; nullify the opponent's defenses either through breaking their stance or compromising their guard, and thus their ability to defend; and others.  Like most southern style kung fu, it has initially limited kicks and jumps (they are common in the advanced levels) and consisted mainly of fist, palm and clawing techniques. Power generated from the waist using soft hard jin (see neijin and waijin).

Lung Ying training also involves an extensive amount of iron body training. Hardening the forearms especially is considered essential to the style as it makes such extensive use of them. Depending on the particular school any of a fairly large pool of traditional training methods will be used to toughen the body. Three, five and seven star conditioning drills, pea buckets, weighted ropes, sand bags, and striking poles are all common in Lung Ying schools. It really isn't possible to separate Lung Ying conditioning from its methods, the two work hand in hand, each needing the other to be completely effective.

Basics
The Southern Dragon Kung Fu practitioner typically attacks with winding low yang; that is, powerful and quick movements. For example, when striking with the fist, more power can be exerted when the movement originates from the feet, is guided by the waist, flows through the body, and exits through the fist.

Foot work
In Southern Dragon style, leg work is characterized by a zig-zag motion that mimics the imagined movement of the mythical Chinese dragon. This also allows one to use floating, spitting, swallowing and sinking movements which are very important in generating power and stability, making your body calm and relaxed.

Though the Lung Ying footwork pool is deep, it generally centers on two basic types of stepping. The first is "Zig Zag" stepping (dragon stepping). Basically with each step forward, the rear foot moves forward and becomes the forward foot. However, the step is not taken directly forward but basically follows the angle the front foot is turned at (about 33 degrees). This has the effect of moving the Lung Ying practitioner forward and off to an angle while offering some protection to the groin from attack.  This type of stepping allows a Lung Ying practitioner to press his opponent (usually used before the opponent's center has been taken) while launching attacks from angles that are difficult for the opponent to defend. The Lung Ying practitioner seems to be constantly moving into an uncomfortable range and at an angle that forces their opponent to reposition their whole body to defend against, or else torque their torso around thus breaking their structure and disconnecting them from the power generation machinery of their lower body.

The second basic type of stepping is Bik Bo stepping, or press stepping. In this method the front foot moves forward and the rear foot drags up to get back to the basic position. This stepping generally covers less distance than the dragon stepping, and is used to press the opponent. It will frequently be used once the Lung Ying practitioner has begun to press their attack in earnest or is exploiting some advantage. There are specific methods for stretching this footwork out addressed in various forms. One of the primary purposes of this footwork is to keep the Lung Ying practitioner "on top of" their opponent and in attacking range. Also, this type of stepping is heavily used in various stance breaking methods.

Southern Dragon style motto
克己讓人非我弱 存心守道任他 "Control yourself, let others do what they will.
This does not mean you are weak.
Control your heart, obey the principles of life.
This does not mean others are strong".

Codes of Southern Dragon style
The seeds were first planted from Haufeng; the essence was gained later at Haushou
Restrain one's self and yield to others not because one is weak, but to uphold the ethical Tao and let the others have their claim.

Four rules of the Southern Dragons
Focus to train and condition the body.
Be righteous and uphold your honor.
Respect your parents, honor your teacher.
Treat others with honesty, treat your friends with loyalty.

Dragon style in popular culture

The 2010 show A Fistful of Stances has used this in episode 22 and 23.
The style was performed by Jackie Chan in his films Dragon Lord and Dragon Fist.
Dragon is one of the three fighting styles utilized by the character Sub-Zero in the Mortal Kombat series (as seen in Mortal Kombat: Deadly Alliance and Mortal Kombat: Deception) and the character Jarek in Mortal Kombat: Armageddon. It is also Liu Kang's grapple style in Mortal Kombat: Shaolin Monks.  Onaga, the boss character of Mortal Kombat: Deception, also uses a fighting style named Dragon.  However, this is not the true Dragon style (as used by Sub-Zero); it is simply named as such due to Onaga being an actual dragon.
The Dragon fighting style is used at times by the police officer Lei Wulong in Tekken.
On Avatar: The Last Airbender and The Legend of Korra, some firebending techniques were based on Southern Dragon Kung Fu.

These are all examples of Běilóngquán (Northern Dragon Fist), rather than the aforementioned Southern Dragon Fist (Nánlóngquán).

References

External links
Dongjiang Dragon Style (Dongjiang Lungxing).

History of Southern Dragon Style Kung Fu by Steve Martin (2003)  Retrieved October 7, 2004.

Dragon Style Kung Fu by Lisa Neuweld (1999) Retrieved October 7, 2004.
Lineage of Dragon Kung Fu  Retrieved October 7, 2004.
Information about Southern Dragon Style Kung Fu
An introductory article on Dragon Kung Fu
Images of a person doing Dragon Kung Fu
Wah Nam Lung Ying History Australia
Yip's Dragon Style Kung Fu New York

Chinese martial arts
Martial arts of Hakka origins
Buddhist martial arts

Southern Dragon kung fu


Villarrica (volkan), Şili'de bir dağ.
 Villarrica, Şili, Şili'nin Araucanía Bölgesi'nde bir şehir.

Villarrica


LaBorde ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Isaiah LaBorde (* 1986), US-amerikanischer Schauspieler, Stuntman und Filmproduzent
 Henri LaBorde (1909–1993), US-amerikanischer Leichtathlet

Siehe auch:
 Laborde (Begriffsklärung)
 La Borde

LaBorde


Bretton Woods is an area within the town of Carroll, New Hampshire, United States, whose principal points of interest are three leisure and recreation facilities. Being virtually surrounded by the White Mountain National Forest, the vista from Bretton Woods toward Mount Washington and the Presidential Range includes no significant artificial structures other than the Mount Washington Cog Railway and the Mount Washington Hotel.

Bretton Woods was the site of the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference in 1944 which has given its name to the Bretton Woods system and led to the establishment of both the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in 1945. The Bretton Woods system ended in 1971.

Bretton Woods is located along U.S. Route 302,  east of the village of Twin Mountain and  through scenic Crawford Notch northwest of the town of Bartlett.

In 1772, King George III granted Sir Thomas Wentworth of Bretton Hall, a country house in West Bretton, West Yorkshire, and 82 others, a parcel of  of land to be laid out as a plantation in the White Mountains. The plantation became the town of Carroll, and the southeast corner of the land retained the name "Bretton Woods", after the estate.

Points of interest

The Mount Washington Hotel and Resort is one in the last surviving handful of New Hampshire grand hotels, and includes two golf courses, alpine and Nordic skiing, a  spa, sled rides, dog sled rides, tennis, horseback riding and much more in its facilities.

The Bretton Woods Mountain Resort ski area serves both downhill and cross-country skiing, primarily in the Rosebrook Mountains, located in Bethlehem to the south. The downhill resort is the largest in New Hampshire, with 101 trails. In the early twentieth century heyday of northern U.S. resorts for the elite, rail passengers would travel from Boston on the Boston and Maine's Mountaineer. From New York City, passengers took the Connecticut Yankee, Day White Mountains, Night White Mountains, or Overnighter.

The tracks of the Cog Railway and its associated buildings lie up the slope of Mount Washington, in nearby Thompson and Meserve's Purchase. The "Base Road" from Bretton Woods and Fabyan's is the preferred route to the lower end of the tracks (the Base Station of the Cog), except in those winters when the Mount Clinton Road is instead the only plowed road to their intersection. (The closing of the lower end of the Base Road had been traditional into 2004.) The Cog was operated during the winter seasons of 2004 to 2006 to take wilderness skiers partway up the mountain.

See also
Bretton Woods Conference

References

External links

Bretton Woods Resort
Twin Mountain-Bretton Woods Chamber of Commerce

Unincorporated communities in Coös County, New Hampshire
Unincorporated communities in New Hampshire
Carroll, New Hampshire

Bretton Woods, New Hampshire


الوحدويون الناصريون بتونس، هم أحد اتجاهات القومية العربية بتونس، غير أنهم لا يعلنون أنهم حزب سياسي، وإن كانوا يعبرون بين الفينة والأخرى عن مواقف سياسية من بعض الأحداث التي تجري على الساحة العربية.
 الناطق باسم الوحدويين الناصريين هو المحامي البشير الصيد، الذي أعلن سنة 1981 عن تأسيس التجمع القومي العربي. غير أن أنصاره لم ينضموا إلى الاتحاد الديمقراطي الوحدوي ذي التوجهات القومية، عند تأسيسه سنة 1988. وينتقدونه على خلفية أن مؤسسه السيد عبد الرحمان التليلي كان عضوا باللجنة المركزية لحزب التجمع الدستوري الديمقراطي الحاكم، وكان تأسسيسه -كما يقولون- يستهدف حركة التجمع القومي العربي التي أسسها الصيد.
 يصدر الوحدويون الناصريون بيانات عن القضايا القومية العربية وخاصة من بينها ما يتعلق بالقضية الفلسطينية والعراق ولبنان...
 انضم الوحدويون الناصريون إلى هيئة 18 أكتوبر التي تضم أيضا قوى يسارية وإسلامية ومستقلين. في 11 أكتوبر 2009 أصدر الوحدويون الناصريون بتونس بيانا يدعون فيه التونسيين إلى مقاطعة انتخابات 2009 التي وصفوها بالمهزلة.
والوحدويون الناصريون بتونس أعضاء في المؤتمر الناصري العام الذي يعقد سنويا في القاهرة في شهر جويلية.

قومية عربية في تونس

الوحدويون الناصريون بتونس


Prostorna akustika ili akustika prostorija bavi se problemom dobra i ugodna slušanja u prostorijama. Bitan čimbenik koji određuje akustička svojstva neke prostorije jest trajanje odjeka. Odjek je rezultanta mnogobrojnih odbijanja (refleksija) zvučnih valova od ploha u prostoriji, pri čemu se nakon svakog odbijanja energija zvučnih valova smanjuje. U predavaonicama odjek je koristan zato što povećava glasnoću na udaljenijim mjestima i time pridonosi većoj razumljivosti govora. Predug odjek smeta razumljivosti govora, jer uzrokuje preklapanje izgovorenih slogova, onoga sloga koji se upravo sluša s prethodnim, koji zbog preduga odjeka još uvijek traje. U dvoranama za glazbene priredbe trajanje odjeka treba biti prilagođeno vrsti glazbe. Općenito, za glazbu bržega ritma trajanje odjeka treba biti kraće, a slušanje simfonijske i crkvene glazbe ugodnije je u dvoranama s duljim odjekom. Trajanje odjeka smanjuje se uporabom apsorpcijskih materijala (na primjer tekstila, mineralne vune) i s pomoću apsorpcijskih konstrukcija (rezonatora). Na razdiobu jačine (intenziteta) zvuka po prostoriji djeluje osim odjeka još i oblik prostorije. Treba izbjegavati nepovoljno smještene konkavne plohe, koje usredotočuju zvuk u žarištu i time posebno povećavaju glasnoću na tim mjestima.

Objašnjenje
Naš govor zvuči u slobodnom prostoru drukčije nego u zatvorenim prostorijama. Narošito se velika razlika opaža u prostranim dvoranama. U to se možemo uvjeriti i u sobi u kojoj stanujemo. Ako iz sobe uklonimo zavjese, slike i tepihe, naš će govor imati drukčiji akustični utisak. Kakav će biti akustični utisak govora i glazbe, naročito je važno u koncertnim i kino dvoranama, te u kazalištu. Akustično djelovanje neke prostorije zove se akustika prostorije.

Zakoni akustike prostorija bili su već poznati drevnim Egipćanima, pa su ih primjenjivali pri gradnji svojih građevina. Stari Grci su u svojim kazalištima, koja su se nalazila na otvorenom prostoru, postavljali keramičke lonce da bi pomoću rezonancije pojačali jakost glasa.

Kad se zvučni valovi šire od svog izvora u nekoj prostoriji, oni brzo udare o stijenu prostorije na kojoj se djelomično odbiju (reflektiraju), a djelomično upiju (apsorbiraju), pri čemu se zvučna energija pretvara u toplinsku energiju. Reflektirani valovi pojačavaju zvučne valove koji dolaze direktno od izvora zvuka.  Ovo pojačanje jakosti zvuka zbog reflektiranih valova zove se dozvuk i traje toliko dok apsorbirana zvučna energija nije jednaka energiji koju odašilje (emitira) izvor zvuka. Dozvuk u dobrim akustičnim dvoranama traje od 0,05 do 0,1 sekunde, i nakon toga je jakost zvuka stalna ako izvor zvuka odašilje ton jednake jakosti. Ako izvor zvuka prestane odašiljati ton, jakost zvuka, a time ni jakost glasa neće pasti odmah na nulu jer se odaslani zvučni valovi šire i dalje u prostor. Ti se zvučni valovi nekoliko puta odbijaju i pri tom upijaju, dok se konačno zvučna energija potpuno ne upije, a jakost zvuka padne na nulu. To postepeno utišavanje zvuka zove se odjek, koji naročito ima veliku važnost u akustici prostorija. Pod odjekom se razumijeva vrijeme u sekundama dok jakost zvuka od svoje početne vrijednosti ne padne na milijunti dio. U dobrim akustičnim dvoranama traje odjek od 1 do 2,5 sekunde. Traje li odjek više od 4 sekunde, dolazi do iskrivljenja zvuka i govora. Ta pojava iskrivljenja zvuka zbog predugog odjekivanja zove se pazvuk ili pajeka. Da se to spriječi, mora se povećati upijanje (apsorpcija) zvuka tako da se stijene dvorane pokriju materijalom koji manje odbija, a više upija zvučnu energiju. Što je veće upijanje zvuka u nekoj prostoriji, to je manji odjek.

U koncertnim dvoranama, orkestar je smješten u naročitoj školjki koja ima oblik paraboličnog zrcala. Svod dvorane je zaobljen zato da bi odbijanjem zvuk došao do posljednjeg mjesta u dvorani, a sjedala su smještena amfiteatralno.

Izvori

Akustika

Prostorna akustika


Kosmos 2346, ruski vojni navigacijski i komunikacijski satelit iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Parus.
Lansiran je 23. rujna 1997. godine u 16:44 s kozmodroma Pljesecka u Rusiji. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Kosmos-3M 11K65M. Orbita mu je 939 km u perigeju i 995 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 82,92°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 24953. COSPARova oznaka je 1997-017-A. Zemlju obilazi u 104,41 minuta. Pri lansiranju bio je mase 810 kg.

Dio je sustava od šest satelita. Navigacijska informacija izvodila se od Dopplerski pomaknutim prijenosom ultrakratkih valova (otprilike 150 i 400 MHz) satelitskog položaja i orbitnih podataka. Pribavivši ispravke s nekoliko satelita, korisnikova se lokacija mogla izračunati uz pogrešku od 100 metara od stvarnog položaja.

U orbiti su iz ove misije ostali FAISAT-2V i S3M kružiti u niskoj orbiti.

Izvori
А.Железняков. Энциклопедия "Космонавтика". Хроника освоения космоса. 1997 год. (rus.)
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2346


L'ancienne église des Dominicains de Strasbourg est un édifice disparu autrefois situé à l'emplacement du Temple-Neuf à Strasbourg, dans le Bas-Rhin. Construite au début de la deuxième moitié du , l'église fait l'objet d'une importante campagne d'agrandissement dès la première moitié du , devenant ainsi la deuxième plus grande église de la ville après la cathédrale. En 1531, le Magistrat transfère l'église aux protestants et le reste du couvent à l'université, celle-ci transformant également du chœur, inutilisé par la culte réformé, en salle des fêtes. À la fin du , l'édifice devient une bibliothèque et abrite de nombreux trésors littéraires et artistiques. Le bâtiment et son contenu sont détruits pendant le bombardement de la ville par les Prussiens en 1870. Les ruines sont alors rasées et une nouvelle église, le Temple-Neuf, construite par-dessus.

Historique
Les Dominicains arrivent à Strasbourg au plus tard en 1224 ; il s'agit alors du troisième établissement de la province de Teutonia, après Friesach en 1217 et Cologne en 1222. De manière inhabituelle, l'ordre s'établit en-dehors des murs de la ville sur un terrain humide du Finkwiller, où il construit d'abord une chapelle puis une église vers 1238, cette dernière ayant peut-être été en bois. Cette situation, liée au fait que l'évêque ne voulait guère des ordres mendiants dans sa ville, dure plus d'une décennie et ne commence à se résoudre que le , lorsque Gauthier de Hunebourg leur fait don d'un terrain au centre de la ville. Ce terrain, trop exigu pour y installer un établissement, est étendu par des dons et des achats successifs entre 1248 et 1252.

Le , les frères reçoivent du légat du pape l'autorisation de bâtir un couvent et le creusement des fondations commence le . Les travaux sont suffisamment avancées à l'été pour permettre de poser le  la première pierre du chœur de la nouvelle église, dédiée à saint Barthélemy. Le terrain disponible restant limité, cette église, qui est consacré le  par l'évêque de Metz, est de dimension moyenne, avec une grande nef de dix travées, mais un petit chœur d'une seule travée.

De fait, l'église se révèle rapidement trop exiguë pour héberger un chapitre en pleine croissance. Il est par ailleurs apparu en Alsace dans les années 1280 la mode des chœur à travées multiples et les concurrents des Dominicains se sont rapidement dotés de tels édifices. Des travaux d'agrandissement de l'église commencent donc en 1308. Lors de ces travaux, le bas-côté sud de la première église est remplacée par un second vaisseau de nef, lui-même doté d'un bas-côté ; l'ancien chœur est également démoli et remplacé par un grand chœur de cinq travées. À la fin de cette campagne d'agrandissement en 1325, l'église des Dominicains est alors le deuxième plus grand édifice cultuel de la ville, après la cathédrale.

Au début du , les lieux ne sont plus occupés que par quelques moines, qui fortement critiqués par les bourgeois pour leur manque de respect des règles de leur ordre et de piété en général. Finalement, en 1531, les derniers frères acceptent la pension que leur propose le Magistrat s'ils quittent les lieux. La Ville affecte alors les bâtiments à d'autres usages, le chœur de l'église étant attribué au chapitre de Saint-Thomas qui permet entre 1538 et 1563 aux réfugiés protestants, dont Jean Calvin, d'y célébrer le culte. À cette date l'église est rendu aux catholiques, ceux-ci ayant été évincés de la cathédrale. La situation se retourne après l'annexion de Strasbourg en 1681, Louis XIV ayant immédiatement ordonné de rendre la cathédrale au catholicisme. Les protestants n'ayant pas d'intérêt pour le chœur, celui-ci est investi par l'université de Strasbourg, qui y organise des fêtes. Entre 1793 et 1795, lorsque le culte est interdit, l'église est vidée de son mobilier et sert de grenier à blé et de porcherie.

Par la suite le chœur, puis l'ensemble de l'église servent de bibliothèque à l'université, à laquelle est adjointe la bibliothèque de la ville en 1835. Le réaménagement intérieur pour cet usage et la volonté d'améliorer l'éclairage intérieur entraînent la vente des vitraux subsistants en 1832. L'église échappe en grande partie à l'incendie de 1860 qui détruit le reste du couvent, mais est totalement détruite dans la nuit du  pendant le bombardement de la ville par les Prussiens. Les ruines sont rasées et des fouilles archéologiques effectuées à leur emplacement entre l'été 1873 et le début de l'année 1874 puis l'église protestante du Temple-Neuf est construite à la place à partir de .

Une nouvelle église des Dominicains est réalisée boulevard de la Victoire en 1930.

Architecture

Dominicains I
La première église élevée sur le site est composée d'une nef dotée d'un vaisseau central et de bas-côtés au nord et au sud. Longue de dix travées, elle est entièrement voûtée d'ogives, ce qui est inhabituel car contraire aux règles de l'ordre. Les voûtes sont contrebutées par des arcs-boutants dont les volées sont couvertes par la toiture des bas-côtés. La nef ouvre à l'est sur le chœur, qui comprend une seule travée prolongée d'une abside. Son chevet est à sept pans de dodécagone, une disposition là encore peu habituelle, l'usage à cette époque étant plutôt cinq pans d'octogone.

Dominicains II

Mobilier

Vitraux
Le Séminaire protestant affectataire de l'église au début du  ayant décidé de ne pas conserver les vitraux, ceux-ci sont vendus en  à l'Œuvre Notre-Dame pour , soit  le mètre carré. Sur un total de , 98 sont immédiatement réemployés pour garnir les fenêtres de la cathédrale, notamment dans la chapelle Saint-Laurent et le reste est mis en dépôt dans l'éventualité d'une revente profitable. Dans les décennies suivantes, une partie des panneaux est employée dans la cathédrale, 122 étant en particulier placés dans les fenêtres des tours de la façade, plus pour faciliter le stockage toutefois qu'à des fins réellement esthétiques. Tout au long du , des projets de vente ou d'utilisation dans d'autres églises de la ville sont élaborés, mais ne sont jamais menés à terme.

En 2022, les panneaux appartenant à l'Œuvre Notre-Dame se trouvent dans trois lieux : dans la chapelle Saint-Laurent, le narthex et la galerie du chevet de la cathédrale, en dépôt au Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame et en réserve à la Maison de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame. Par ailleurs, le Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame a acquis de son côté quelques panneaux qui avaient été distraits de l'ensemble avant sa vente à l'Œuvre et quelques autres ont été identifiés dans les collections du Württembergisches Landesmuseum de Stuttgart et dans la Burrell Collection de Glasgow. Enfin, un panneau se trouve dans l'église Saint-Trophime d'Eschau, sans qu'il soit établi comment il y est arrivé.

Références

Annexes

Bibliographie
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

Bâtiment détruit à Strasbourg
Église dans le Bas-Rhin
Église dédiée à saint Barthélemy
Église fondée au XIIIe siècle

Ancienne église des Dominicains de Strasbourg


Delve er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinden Eider i den nordlige del af Kreis Dithmarschen. Kreis Dithmarschen ligger i den sydvestlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Delve ligger i den nordlige del af Dithmarschen, ved grænsen til Kreis Schleswig-Flensburg, der mod øst og nord dannes af floden Ejderen. Delve ligger på Heide-Itzehoer Geest; Naturschutzgebietet Delver Koog er en del af Eider-Treene-Niederung.

I kommunen ligger ud over Delve, landsbyerne Schwienhusen, Delverort og Langenhorn.

Nabokommuner
Nabokommuner er (med uret fra nord) kommunerne Süderstapel og Erfde (begge i Kreis Slesvig-Flensborg) samt Wallen, Glüsing og Hollingstedt (alle i Kreis Dithmarschen).

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens side  på amtets websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2013  (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Kommuner i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Dithmarschen

Delve


An Carex pilosiuscula in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christophos Jacoblewitsch Khristofor Yakovlevich Gobi. An Carex pilosiuscula in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex pilosiuscula


الملك هنريك الأول  (بالبرتغالية Henrique I de Portugal) (لشبونة، 31 يناير 1512 - ألمیریم، 31 يناير 1580) ملك البرتغال السابع عشر بالفترة من 1578 إلى 1580، والده هو الملك مانويل الأول ووالدته هي الملكة ماريا.

هو الشقيق الأصغر للملك جون الثالث، ونتيجة لأنه الابن الأصغر لم يكن يتوقع أن يخلف يوماً ما والده في العرش. في وقت مبكر من حياته تولى الأوامر المقدسة لتعزيز المصالح البرتغالية داخل الكنيسة الكاثوليكية التي تسيطر عليها إسبانيا. واستطاع أن يرتفع بسرعة من خلال التسلسل الهرمي للكنيسة ويتولى سريعاً رئاسه أساقفة براغا في البرتغال ورئيس أساقفة إيفورا.

في سنة 1557 شغل منصب كبير مجلس الحكم بعهد ابن أخيه الملك سباستيان الأول، ثم خلفه ملكاً بعد وقوع معركة القصر الكبير سنة 1578. وبعد توليه السلطة تخلى عن منصبه الديني ككاردينال وسعى للزواج وذلك لاستمرار أسرة أفيس الملكية. ولكن البابا غريغوري الثالث عشر المرتبط بأسرة هابسبورغ لم يعطيه الإذن. توفي في 31 يناير 1580 وكان ما زال كاردينال وملك، وعند وفاته لم يكن قد عين مجلس الوصاية لاختيار خليفة له.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أفيس
أوصياء على العرش في البرتغال
إنفانتيون برتغاليون
رؤساء أساقفة رومان كاثوليك القرن 16
رؤساء أساقفة رومان كاثوليك في براقرة
رؤساء أساقفة من لشبونة
قادة دولة البرتغال
كرادلة برتغاليون
محققون (محاكم التفتيش)
ملوك البرتغال في القرن 16
مواليد 1512
مواليد في لشبونة
وفيات 1580
وفيات في آلميريم
أساقفة من إيفورا
كرادلة برتغاليون في القرن 16

هنريك ملك البرتغال


Prodidomus flavus est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Prodidomidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique du Queensland en Australie. Elle se rencontre vers Thatch Creek.

Description
Le mâle holotype mesure .

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite par Platnick et Baehr en 2006.

Publication originale
 Platnick & Baehr, 2006 : « A revision of the Australasian ground spiders of the family Prodidomidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). » Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Prodidomidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique du Queensland

Prodidomus flavus


Krásna Lúka este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Sabinov din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 687 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Krásna Lúka este atestată documentar din 1329.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Krásna Lúka


Ado Onaiwu (født 8. november 1995) er en japansk fodboldspiller, som spiller for den japanske fodboldklub Oita Trinita.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Ado Onaiwu


İlteriş Sun, (doğum 1961, Ankara) Müzisyen ve Müzik Eğitmeni.

İlteriş Sun, 1971'de Ankara Devlet Konservatuvarı Piyano Bölümü'ne girdi. Mithat Fenmen ve Prof. Kamuran Gündemir ile çalıştı. 1974'te İzmir Devlet Konservatuvarı Kompozisyon Bölümü'ne girdi.

Babası olan besteci Prof. Muammer Sun ile armoni, kontrpuan ve füg çalıştı. 1979'da İzmir Devlet Konservatuvarı Kompozisyon Bölümü yüksek devreden mezun oldu. 1991 yılında Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı Kompozisyon Ana Sanat Dalı Yüksek Lisans devresinden mezun oldu.

1979 - 1980 öğretim yılından beri MSGSÜ İstanbul Devlet Konservatuvarı'nda öğretim görevlisi olarak çalışmaktadır.

2009 yılından itibaren Haliç Üniversitesi Konservatuvar Opera ve Konser Şarkıcılığı bölümünde öğretim görevlisidir.

Katıldığı ve Yönettiği Prodüksiyonlar

 1995 "Keşanlı Ali" Orkestra şefliği - Müzik Direktörlüğü
 2000 "Arturo Ui'nin Önlenebilir Yükselişi" Orkestra şefliği-Müzik Direktörlüğü
 2001 Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Devlet Konservatuvarı
"Yarı Zamanlı,Genç Senfoni, Büyük Orkestra ve Solistleri Karma Orkestrası (120 Kişi) Şefliği 6 Mayıs Konservatuvar Bayramı
Müzikallerden Seçmeler (Tophane-i Amire Kültür Merkezi)

Başlıca Yapıtları

 Yaylı Çalgılar İçin Kuartet
 Üflemeli Çalgılar için Kentet
 Piyano İçin 12 parça
 Bariton ve Piyano için çok seslendirilmiş "7 Türkü"
 Bariton ve Orkestra için çok seslendirilmiş "Fidayda-Ankara Türküsü"
 2001 St. Paul'un hayatını konu alan " Kutsal Yol" belgeseli müzikleri.
 Guguk Kuşu Bale Müziği (ilk defa 2004'te Ankara Dev.Op.Balesi tarafından sergilendi)

Çocuklar İçin Şarkılar

 1989 Başbakanlık Çocuk Şarkısı Yarışması "İkincilik Ödülü"
 1989 ENKA Çocuk Şarkısı Yarışması, "Mansiyon - Kurnaz Tilki"
 1993 TRT Popüler Çocuk Şarkısı Yarışması,"Mansiyon - Müzisyenler"

Tiyatro Müzikleri

 "Küçük Fil" - Çocuk Oyunu - Beste ve Müzik Direktörlüğü
 "Evlilik" - Müzik Direktörlüğü
 "Divertimento"-(Kolaj) - Beste ve Müzik Direktörlüğü

Film Müzikleri
 "Aşka Kimse Yok" -1990 /Osman SINAV/Sinegraf
 "Kutsal Yol" Snt. -Paulus'un Hayatı- Nurettin Bülbül/B&N Yapım 2000

1961 doğumlular
Türk müzik yapımcıları
20. yüzyıl Türk bestecileri
21. yüzyıl Türk bestecileri
Çağdaş Türk müziği bestecileri

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Beyond the Rocks is a 1906 novel by Elinor Glyn. The novel was later adapted into a 1922 silent film in which Gloria Swanson and Rudolph Valentino (credited as Rodolph Valentino) starred together for the only time.  The film was directed by Sam Wood and distributed by Paramount Pictures.

The novel's title comes from a conversation in Chapter 4 about the nature of Fate, where the main character expresses belief that "if one does one's best some kind angel will guide one's bark [on the river of life] past the rocks and safely into the smooth waters of the pool beyond." Frequently thereafter, the characters long for angels who will steer them "beyond the rocks."

Plot

The beautiful young Theodora Fitzgerald belongs to a family of noble lineage whose fortunes have waned and who have lived in near poverty for most of her life. The book begins with her arranged marriage to Josiah Brown, a nouveau-riche Australian in his fifties. The marriage was contracted for convenience: Josiah simply wants a pretty and aristocratic wife to improve his standing in society, and the Fitzgerald family are in need of Brown's financial resources. Theodora only agrees to the marriage for the sake of her father and sisters.

Immediately after the wedding, Josiah falls ill. Theodora proves a dutiful and capable wife, and attends to her husband's every need, though she is secretly very unhappy. After a year of marriage, Josiah is well enough to visit Paris, where Theodora sees her father, Dominic, again for the first time since her wedding. She is thrilled to observe that at least he is receiving all the benefits she'd hoped to bring from her sacrifice: he now runs in aristocratic circles and is courting a wealthy American widow, Mrs. McBride. Theodora attends several social outings with her father, and at one dinner is introduced to Hector, Lord Bracondale. Theodora and Hector hit things off splendidly, and soon fall in love. Mrs. McBride is aware of Theodora's unhappy marriage, and seeing the situation she sympathetically arranges for Hector and Theodora to spend time together as often as possible. One day while Theodora and Hector are being chauffeured back to Paris after an outing at Versailles, the two indulge in a romantic encounter in the back of the car. Full of guilt thereafter, the two conclude they must behave themselves from now on and must no longer pursue each other romantically; they will, however, continue to be friendly to one another any time future social obligations might cause them to meet.

Hector at this point is terribly in love with Theodora, and though he tries his best to live by his promise to her, he still goes out of his way to see her and to secure invitations to all the same gatherings that she attends. He fantasizes about marrying her and makes sure to introduce her to his mother and to his sister. However, Theodora's status as a newcomer into society, and the obvious favour that Hector pays her over other eligible women who desire his hand, causes ire and jealousy to be directed her way. Rumors begin to spread, and several people believe Hector and Theodora to be lovers. Morella Winmarleigh, a spurned candidate for Hector's hand, particularly sets out destroy Theodora. She maliciously switches a letter Theodora had written to Hector with another letter meant for Josiah. Meanwhile, without anyone else's knowledge, Theodora and Hector have concluded that they cannot attempt to remain friends any longer—their love is too strong—and so they must agree to never see each other again.

The next day, Josiah receives Theodora's letter meant for Hector: the contents amount to Theodora asking Hector never to see her again, even though the two of them could be very happy together, because it is her duty to instead attend to the happiness of her husband Josiah. Josiah realises for the first time how he has stood in the way of Theodora's happiness, and resolves to do his best to make her happy from now on. He forwards the letter to Hector and requests he never allow Theodora to learn of the mix-up. The next several months pass with Theodora and Josiah both trying their best to make the other happy, even while both are secretly miserable. Both begin to suffer from ill health. Ultimately, Josiah dies; eighteen months later, Mrs. McBride (now married to Dominic Fitzgerald) throws a picnic at Versailles to which both Theodora and Hector are invited. The book ends with the couple reunited, in a state of "passionate love and delirious happiness."

Publicity
The novel was republished in 1922 in an edition by The Macaulay Company which included "illustrations from the Paramount Photo-Play" of Valentino and Swanson.

Publicity at the time described the film as:

A flaming romance as only the author of Three Weeks could write it; as only Gloria Swanson, with dashing Rodolph Valentino playing the lover, could make it live in all its ardent splendor.

The story of a passionate young heart bound by society's conventions, struggling and risking all for sadness:
— of gay nights of revelry in the Parisian world of fashion.
— of intrigue and coquetry in the gilded resorts of London high society.

Never before have such dramatic love scenes, such spectacular adventure been placed before the public. The love-drama with all the thrills and luxury of a lifetime! The one book and picture you'll never forget!

References

External links

1906 British novels
British novels adapted into films
Gerald Duckworth and Company books

Beyond the Rocks


Betina González (Villa Ballester, 1972) es una escritora argentina, primera mujer en ganar el Premio Tusquets de Novela.

El reconocimiento internacional le llegó el mismo año de su retorno al ganar el Premio Tusquets con Las poseídas, "novela de iniciación" escrita en Pittsburgh sobre la "pérdida de la inocencia", cuando un grupo de chicas "descubren con horror lo que había ocurrido en el país", los crímenes de la Junta Militar. Sobre este libro, escrito en primera persona, que "mezcla el género gótico y policial para describir el mundo cerrado de dos amigas atormentadas y e inadaptadas en un colegio religioso del norte de Buenos Aires", González explica: "Aquellos años marcaron a mi generación, pero no es una novela sobre la dictadura. Esta es el trasfondo y es la que le da al libro esa atmósfera de sombra y oscuridad [...] "La dictadura es un pasado que no se acaba. Estoy segura de que nuevas generaciones volverán a ella".

Betina González enseña en la Universidad de Buenos Aires.

Obras

 Arte menor, novela, Clarín-Alfaguara, Buenos Aires, 2006, ISBN 950-782-945-8
 Juegos de playa, 4 cuentos más una novela corta que da título al libro, explorando los miedos y las fantasías de una niña durante la guerra de Malvinas de 1982 entre la dictadura argentina y el Reino Unido; Clarín-Alfaguara, Buenos Aires, 2008
 Las poseídas, novela, Tusquets, 2013
 Conspiraciones de esclavos y animales fabulosos. Seis ensayos sobre literatura y crítica moral en el siglo XIX latinoamericano, (originalmente, La conspiración de la forma) Instituto Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana/Universidad de Pittsburgh, 2016
 América alucinada, novela, Tusquets, 2016
 El amor es una catástrofe natural, cuentos, Tusquets, 2018
 La obligación de ser genial, ensayo, Gog & Magog, 2021
 Olimpia, novela, Tusquets, 2021

Premios
 Premio Clarín 2006 por Arte menor
 Segundo premio del Fondo Nacional de las Artes 2006 con Juegos de playa
 Premio Lozano de la Universidad de Pittsburgh por La conspiración de la forma, investigación sobre textos menores del  latinoamericano; sería publicado en 2016 bajo el título de Conspiraciones de esclavos y animales fabulosos. Seis ensayos sobre literatura y crítica moral en siglo XIX latinoamericano (Instituto Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana/Universidad de Pittsburgh)
 Premio Tusquets de Novela 2012 por Las poseídas

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página web
 "Escribo con rabia, con bronca, pero también con una inmensa, intransferible felicidad" Entrevista con Betina GonzálezRevista Liberia
 Verónica Bondorevsky. La pequeña odisea de una hija, reseña de Arte menor en Página/12, 31.12.2006; acceso 20.03.2013
 Betina González presenta la edición alemana de Arte menor en el Instituto Cervantes de Berlín, video

Alumnado de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
Ballesterenses
Escritoras de Argentina
Escritores de Argentina del siglo XX
Escritores de Argentina del siglo XXI
Escritores en español del siglo XX
Escritores en español del siglo XXI

Betina González


Oksana Sergejevna Bajul (ukr. Оксана Сергіївна Баюл; Dnjipro, 16. studenog 1977.) bila je ukrajinska klizačica u umjetničkom klizanju.

Osvojila je srebro na Europskom prvenstvu u umjetničkom klizanju 1993. i zlato na Zimskim olimpijskim igrama 1994. Oksana Bajul je prva i do danas jedina klizačica koja je osvojila zlato na Zimskim olimpijskim igrama predstavljajući Ukrajinu te prva sportašica, koja je osvojila zlato za Ukrajinu na Olimpijskim igrama nakon osamostaljenja Ukrajine.

Njeni roditelji razveli su se kada je imala samo dvije godine. O njoj se brinula majka i njeni roditelji. Njen djed je umro 1987., baka 1988., a majka 1991., iznenada kada joj je dijagnosticiran rak jajnika. Njen otac Sergej, pojavio se na sahrani svoje bivše supruge, ali je tada četrnaestogodišnja Oksana rekla da ne želi ništa s njim. O njoj se od tada brinula obitelj njenoga trenera Stanislava Koriteka.

U siječnju 1997., Oksana je bila uhićena zbog vožnje u pijanom stanju nakon što je slupala svoj automobil zabivši se u stablo u SAD-u. Optužbe su odbačene nakon što je ispunila uvjete uvjetne kazne i završila jedan rehabilitacijski program. Međutim nastavila je konzumirati alkohol i u svibnju 1997. opet je ušla u novi program za odvikavanje od alkohola koji je trajao dva i pola mjeseca. U intervjuu 2004. Bajul je rekla da je trijezna već šest godina, govoreći: "Ovo je važnije od olimpijskoga zlata."

Studirala je u Odesi na Pedagoškom zavodu. Od 1994. godine, odmah nakon Zimskih olimpijskih igara u Lilehammeru, zamijenila je sport poslom u SAD-u, u Las Vegasu, a 2005. ponovo se posvetila profesionalnom sportu. Oksana Bajul se 2010. godine vratila u Ukrajinu s ciljem da otvori školu umjetničkog klizanja za djecu po svjetskim standardima. Iste godine se i razvela od svoga supruga.

Objavila je nekoliko knjiga o umjetničkom klizanju i svome načinu života. O njenom životu snimljen je film »Ispunjeno obećanje« 1997. godine. Počasna je građanka Dnjepra.

Umjetnički klizači
Ukrajinski športaši
Olimpijski pobjednici u umjetničkom klizanju
Svjetski prvaci u umjetničkom klizanju

Oksana Bajul


The U Sports Men's Ice Hockey Championship, is a Canadian university ice hockey tournament conducted by U Sports, and determines the men's national champion. The tournament involves the champions from each of Canada's four regional sports conferences. The David Johnston University Cup is awarded to the winners.

The UNB Reds are the current champions for the 2022–23 season. The Alberta Golden Bears hold the record of 16 championship wins, as well as the record of 24 championship final appearances. The Toronto Varsity Blues hold the record of 5 consecutive championship trophy wins, from 1969 through 1973, but have not returned to the tournament since 1993, when they suffered the second most lopsided loss in a UCup final, 12–1. Alternatively, during their power years, winning 9 UCups in the 1960s and 1970s, the Blues were the victors in the overall most lopsided final, winning 16–2 in 1967. In the seven years from 2013 through 2019, only the Alberta Golden Bears (3 wins) or the UNB Reds (4 wins) won the championship. The currently dominant UNB Reds have won four of the last six UCups.

History
The trophy was presented to U Sports, then known as the Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union (CIAU), for presentation to a national champion starting with the 1962–63 season, by Queen's University and the Royal Military College of Canada.  These two schools, located in Kingston, Ontario, had been the participants in the first organized interuniversity hockey game, played in Kingston in 1885. The cup is meant to recognize the overall contribution made to the game of hockey by outstanding university players.

The CIAU changed its name to Canadian Interuniversity Sport (renaming the trophy the CIS University Cup) in 2001, and again in October 2016 to U Sports (renaming the trophy the U Sports University Cup).

The original University Cup is located at the Hockey Hall of Fame in Toronto and does not travel publicly. A replica was created with a less ornate cup in 2006. Between 2006 and 2015, the trophy has been modified after several repairs - the metal bowl is now of simpler design, and mounts more flush to the main wooden portion. The two handles that used to be attached to the bowl, and frequently broke off, were removed. An additional black wooden ring was added to the bottom of the trophy in order to incorporate more school shields, as an engraved metal shield, with diagonal stripes in the winning school's colours, is added to the trophy every year.

On March 13, 2018, U Sports renamed the cup the David Johnston University Cup in honour of David Johnston, former Governor General of Canada.

The 2020 championship was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic after two quarter-final games had already been played. On October 15, 2020, the 2021 inception was also cancelled.

With the completion of the 2022–23 championship, 27 different teams have played in the national championship final (however Sir George Williams University merged with Loyola College in 1974 to create Concordia University, so it could be described as 26 different teams). In all, 17 different teams have won the national championship.

The winningest coach is Tom Watt, whom, at the helm as the Toronto Varsity Blues, won nine University Cup championships between 1966 and 1977. Current UNB Reds coach Gardiner MacDougall sits second with eight UCup wins between 2007 and 2023, while Clare Drake is third, coaching the Alberta Golden Bears to six University Cup championships between 1964 and 1986.

Format

Pre 1998
A varying number of tournament formats had been used prior to 1998. Towards the end of this era, the common format was a 4-team single elimination event between the four conference champions: AUS (called the AUAA at the time - Atlantic University Athletic Association), CW (called the CWUAA at the time - Canada West Universities Athletic Association) and OUA East & West (called the OUAA at the time -  Ontario Universities Athletics Association), with the Top 10 ranking determining the opponents in the semi-finals (1v4 and 2v3). In most cases, the semi-finals were on Saturday with the championship game on Sunday. Games were hosted at Varsity Arena in Toronto. In some events, the finals were at Maple Leaf Gardens

1998–2014
Starting in 1998, the CIS changed the format of the University Cup tournament to a six-team/two-pool tournament that would be hosted by a CIS member institution/team rather than in Toronto at Varsity Arena. The host would automatically be included in the tournament leaving five spots for regional representatives. The three conference champions and OUA Queen's Cup Runner-up would automatically be included with the fifth spot as a rotating 'wild-card' team. The University of Saskatchewan Huskies won the bid to host the first three (3) tournaments: 1998, 1999 and 2000.

The wild-card selection was initially chosen based on a static rotation through each conference starting with the AUS in 1998 followed by the OUA and CW, repeating on a tri-year cycle. Due to the random nature of the host bidding process, some tournaments saw more local teams then expected when the host advanced as a conference champion. It was possible for CW or AUS hosts to have 3 teams from their conference or 4 teams in the case of an OUA host who was also a champion. To reduce the local bias, the rotation selection rule was changed prior to the 2009 season - the wild-card would now only come from a non-host conference while maintaining the rotation. In 2009 the OUA  was the host conference (Lakehead University) and should have also been the original wild-card conference, instead the AUS provided the wild-card. This rule remained in effect until the format changed in 2015 to 8 teams.

2015–present
Starting in 2015, the tournament expanded from six to eight teams and moved from a two-pool format to a single-elimination competition (quarter-finals, semifinals and gold-medal final plus a bronze-medal game).

The eight teams competing include the four regional conference champions: AUS, Canada West, OUA West and OUA East (where the three men's hockey teams from the RSEQ compete). The remaining four teams are: the host, the Canada West runner-up, the AUS runner-up and the OUA 3rd-place finisher (bronze medalist). The 'natural' conference champions are seeded 1–3; AUS, CW and OUA Queen's Cup Champion (in ranked order). The OUA Queen's Cup Finalist is always seed  4. The remaining teams are seeded 5–7, all based on the pre-tournament Top 10 Ranking Poll with the expectation that the host is likely 8th.

A joint bid from St. Francis Xavier University and Saint Mary's University was selected to host the first two events using this format; 2015 (St. FX as the host) and 2016 (SMU as the host). U Sports evaluated those two events and continues to use this tournament format.

Results

Appearances
These tables rank appearances in the final championship game.

By team

By team's province

The only province missing from this list, Newfoundland and Labrador, has only one U Sports member, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Memorial dropped their varsity men's hockey team after the 1981–82 season.

Location

By city

By province

British Columbia is the only province to have a team play in the championship final (UBC Thunderbirds were runners-up in the original 1963 competition, nothing else since then), but to never host the championships. The other province missing from this list, Newfoundland and Labrador, had not yet hosted yet when it withdrew from varsity men's hockey after the 1981–82 season.

Awards
In addition to the University Cup, the Major W.J. "Danny" McLeod Award is presented following the conclusion of the tournament to the individual deemed Most Valuable Player.

Major McLeod was the overall athletic director at the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC), was the coach of RMC's ice hockey team, and simultaneously coached two Kingston teams in the Ontario Hockey Association – the Kingston Frontenacs (Junior B) and the Kingston Aces (Senior A). McLeod was instrumental in establishing the Canadian Intercollegiate Athletic Union (CIAU) in 1961, operating the CIAU from his office at RMC as the first CIAU Secretary-Treasurer. He helped create the national university ice hockey championship tournament, which was hosted by RMC for its first two years (1963 and 1964).

See also

 NCAA Division I men's ice hockey tournament
 College ice hockey

References

External links
 University Cup Championships
 HHoF University Cup

U Sports ice hockey trophies and awards
Ice hockey tournaments in Canada
U Sports ice hockey

U Sports men's ice hockey championship


Helmut Bonheim (* 6. Januar 1930 in Danzig; † 13. Februar 2012 in Köln) war ein deutsch-US-amerikanischer Anglist und Professor an der Universität zu Köln.

Leben
Bonheim wanderte mit seinen Eltern,, 1938 wegen rassischer Verfolgung in die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika nach Columbus (Ohio) aus. Er studierte in New York (1951 B.A., 1952 M.A.), 1956–1958 als Fulbright-Stipendiat in Wien und schloss 1959 mit einer Promotion an der University of Washington in Seattle ab. Danach nahm er Lehrtätigkeiten an der University of California, Santa Barbara, und 1963 bis 1965 eine Gastprofessur für englische Literatur an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München war. Von dort berief ihn 1965 die Universität zu Köln auf eine ordentliche Professur für Anglo-Amerikanische Philologie. 1995 wurde er emeritiert.

Wirken
Bonheim vertrat das Fach in einer umfassenden philologischen Manier mit einem deutlichen breiten literaturwissenschaftlichen Schwerpunkt von Shakespeare bis James Joyce. Seine sprachwissenschaftlichen Arbeiten beschäftigen sich mit der Textlinguistik, so sein grundlegendes Werk: The narrative Modes. Techniques of the Short Story (Cambridge: Brewer 1982). Er kümmerte sich aber auch um praktische Fragen, so bei der Entwicklung eines Sprach- und Wissenstestes für die Auswahl von Anglistik-Stipendiaten für ein DAAD-Stipendium. Er war es auch, der jährlich für seine Studierenden Theaterfahrten nach Stratford-upon-Avon organisierte und jeweils auch selbst leitete. Auf Grund seiner vielen internationalen Verknüpfungen gründete er als Pionier eines der größten Austauschnetze im Rahmen des Erasmus-Programms mit englischen und irischen Hochschulen. Gleichzeitig wurde in Köln ein beispielhaftes Betreuungsnetz für die Gaststudenten aufgebaut.

Ehrungen
Bonheim ist Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes.

Literatur
  Reingard M. Nischik, Barbara Korte (Hg.): Modes of narrative: approaches to American, Canadian, and British fiction : presented to Helmut Bonheim, Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 1990 (Mit Biographie und Bibliographie)

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Vita bei Uni Osnabrück
 Utz Maas: Verfolgung und Auswanderung deutschsprachiger Sprachforscher 1933-1945. Eintrag Helmut Bonheim (abgerufen: 13. April 2018)

Anglist
Hochschullehrer (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München)
Hochschullehrer (Universität zu Köln)
Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes
Deutscher
Geboren 1930
Gestorben 2012
Mann

Helmut Bonheim


An Taeniophyllum trachybracteum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Taeniophyllum trachybracteum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Taeniophyllum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Sumatera. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Taeniophyllum

Taeniophyllum trachybracteum


الكابول أو الرافدة الناتئة أو العتبة الناتئة (بالإنجليزية: Cantilever) هو جسر مرتكز  على طرف واحد فقط. كما يمكن ان يشيد دون دعامات.

الكابول هو عنصر إنشائي صلب مثل الجائز أو البلاطة، مثبت في أحد طرفيه على دعم (عمودي عادة) يبرز عنه، ويمكن أن يكون عموديًا على سطح مستو شاقولي مثل الجدار. يمكن بناء الكابول مع جملون أو بلاطة خرسانية. عند تعرض الكابول لحمل إنشائي ينقله إلى الدعم حيث يطبق عليه إجهاد القص وعزم الانحناء.

يسمح الكابول بتدلي الهياكل دون دعامات خارجية، على النقيض من الإنشاءات التي تكون مدعومة من كلا طرفيها ومع الأحمال المطبقة بين الدعامتين، مثل الجائز البسيط الذي يمكن العثور عليه في نظام الساكف والعتب.

في الجسور والأبراج والأبنية
عُثر على الكابول على نطاق واسع في العديد من الإنشاءات لا سيما في الجسر الكابولي والشرفات. يُبنى الكابول عادة كأزواج في الجسور الكابولية، ويُستخدم كل كابول لدعم أحد طرفي القسم المركزي. يُعد الجسر الرابع في اسكتلندا مثالًا على الجسر الجملوني الكابولي. يُسمى الكابول في المبنى التقليدي ذي الإطار الخشبي جيتي أو فورباي. نوع الحظيرة التاريخية في جنوب الولايات المتحدة، هو الحظيرة الكابولية المصنوعة من هيكل خشبي.

تُستخدم الكابولات المؤقتة في البناء. يصنع الهيكل الذي يُبنى جزئيًا كابولًا لكن المبنى مكتمل البناء لا يعمل بمثابة كابول. يُعد هذا الأسلوب مفيدًا عندما لا يمكن استخدام الدعامات المؤقتة أو السقالات المؤقتة لدعم الهيكل أثناء بنائه (على سبيل المثال، فوق طريق مزدحم أو وادٍ عميق). وهكذا تُبنى بعض جسور الأقواس الجملونية من كل جانب على شكل كابول حتى تصل المسافات بين الركائز إلى بعضها البعض، ثم يجري تفكيكها لتطبيق الضغط عليها قبل الوصل الأخير. بُنيت جميع الجسور المدعومة بالكوابل تقريبًا باستخدام الكابول، الذي يُعد من مزاياها الرئيسية. بُنيت العديد من جسور العوارض الصندوقية بشكل جزئي أو من خلال قطع قصيرة. يُناسب هذا النوع من البناء جيدًا عملية موازنة الأبنية الكابولية، إذ يُبنى الجسر بكلا الاتجاهين من دعامة واحدة.

تعتمد هذه الهياكل بشكل كبير على عزم الدوران والتوازن الدوراني لاستقرارها.

استخدم فرانك لويد رايت الكابول في التطبيقات المعمارية في بيت الشلال لتنفيذ الشرفات الكبيرة. وأصبح الجناح الشرقي في ملعب إيلاند رود عند اكتمال بنائه في ليدز، أكبر كابول في العالم، إذ يتسع لنحو 17000 متفرج. يستخدم السقف المبني فوق المدرجات في أولد ترافورد كابولًا، كي لا تعرقل الدعامات الرؤية في الملعب. امتلك ملعب ميامي القديم الذي هُدم لاحقًا، سقفًا مشابهًا فوق منطقة الجمهور. يقع أكبر كابول في أوروبا في سانت جيمس بارك في نيوكاسل أبون تاين، في ملعب نيو كاسل إف سي.

تُعد أبراج الراديو (الرأسية) التي تُنفذ دون استخدام أسلاك الشد، والمداخن التي تقاوم هبوب الرياح بفعل الكابول المنشأ في قواعدها، أمثلة أقل وضوحًا عن الكابول.

الطائرات
هناك استخدام آخر للكابول هو تصميم الطائرات ذات الأجنحة الثابتة، الذي ابتكره هوغو يونكرز في عام 1915. تحمل أجنحة الطائرات المبكرة حمولاتها عادة باستخدام جناحين (أو أكثر) من خلال تكوين ثنائي السطح مثبتين بأسلاك ودعامات. يشبه ذلك جسور الجملون، التي طورها أوكتاف تشانوت وهو مهندس جسور السكك الحديدية. ثُبتت الأجنحة بأسلاك متقاطعة بحيث تبقى متوازنة، وكذلك استُخدمت الأسلاك من الأمام إلى الخلف لمقاومة الالتواء، بحيث تعمل بشكل قطري بين مثبتات الدعامة المجاورة. ولدت الكابلات احتكاكًا كبيرًا وكانت هناك تجارب مستمرة لطرق التخلص منها.

مراجع

عناصر معمارية
فن السوقيات
مكونات الجسر
نظام إنشائي

كابول (عمارة)


An Pecteilis susannae in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Constantine Samuel Rafinesque. An Pecteilis susannae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Pecteilis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

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Pecteilis

Pecteilis susannae


Nicholas Tufton,  comte de Thanet (1578-1631) est un pair anglais.

Biographie
Nicholas Tufton est le fils de John Tufton,  baronnet et Christian Browne, la fille de Humphrey Browne, juge des plaids communs, par Agnes Hussey, la fille de .

Tufton représente Peterborough en 1601 et le Kent de 1624 à 1625 en tant que membre du Parlement. Il est fait chevalier par Jacques  le 13 avril 1603 et est nommé juge de paix dans le Kent, puis sous-lieutenant en 1623. Il succède à son père comme baronnet en 1625, est créé baron Tufton, de Tufton, le  novembre 1626, et comte de l'île de Thanet le 5 août 1628.

Il possède le Château de Bodiam, l'ayant acheté en 1623. Il est remplacé dans le comté par John Tufton (2e comte de Thanet), son fils par son mariage avec Frances Cecil, fille de Thomas Cecil,  comte d'Exeter.

Références

Deputy Lieutenant du Kent
Comte de la pairie d'Angleterre
Décès en 1631
Naissance en 1578
Comte de Thanet

Nicholas Tufton (1er comte de Thanet)


La gare d'Éghezée est une gare ferroviaire belge, fermée, de la ligne 142, de Namur à Tirlemont territoire de la commune d'Éghezée dans la province de Namur en Région wallonne.

Situation ferroviaire
La gare d'Éghezée était établie au  (PK) 16,20 de la ligne 142, de Namur à Tirlemont, via Éghezée et Jodoigne, entre les gares de Leuze-Longchamps et de Noville-Taviers.

Histoire
Le chemin de fer dit de la croix de Hesbaye correspond à deux lignes ferroviaires désormais disparues destinées à relier les villes de Landen et Tirlemont à celles de Namur et Tamines, créant ainsi une double liaison entre le sillon Sambre-et-Meuse et les marches de la Flandre du nord-est. Les plans prévoient que la croix formée par ces deux lignes ferroviaires sera la gare de Ramillies. Après avoir été concédée à la Grande compagnie du Luxembourg, qui doit y renoncer avant même d'avoir entamé les travaux pour des raisons financières, elle échoit à une société créée dans ce but : la Compagnie du Chemin de Fer de Tamines à Landen et de ses extensions. La ligne de Tamines à Landen via Fleurus et Gembloux, se prolongeant vers Saint-Trond et Hasselt, doit être complétée par une deuxième ligne de Namur à Tirlemont croisant la première au niveau de Ramillies. En difficultés à son tour à la fin de l'année 1867, la Compagnie du Tamines-Landen passe un accord avec la Société générale d'exploitation de chemins de fer qui construira à forfait la section de Namur à Ramillies et parachèvera les lignes existantes.

Cette partie de la ligne, comprenant une gare à Éghezée, est mise en service le .

L'existence de la SGE est de courte durée puisque le gouvernement négocie en 1870 le rachat de  de lignes comprenant les concessions attribuées au Tamines-Landen. Ce réseau devient propriété des Chemins de fer de l'État belge le . À la fin du , un nouveau bâtiment de gare est inauguré.

La ligne 142 ne générant plus qu'un trafic secondaire après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les trains de voyageurs sont supprimés au profit des autobus, d'abord entre Ramillies et Tirlemont le . Il subsiste deux aller-retour entre Ramillies et Namur jusqu'au  ; cette section verra temporairement circuler des trains de voyageurs au cours du difficile hiver de 1966. Les trains de marchandises y sont supprimés en 1973 ; les rails sont retirés en 1978.

Patrimoine ferroviaire
L'aspect du premier bâtiment des recettes de la gare d'Éghezée n'est pas connu. Il a été remplacé à la fin du  par une construction imposante qui accueille depuis 1992 l'académie de musique d'Éghezée, la bibliothèque et le conseil communal.

Faisant partie des gares dites du groupe de Namur des Chemins de fer de l'État belge, il se caractérise par une façade en briques de teinte rouge et jaune ainsi que par une multitude d'ornements en briques et en pierre bleue. Il est du même plan que celui de la gare de La Hulpe dont il se distingue seulement par son aile gauche de six travées au lieu de sept. Les pilastres et entourages de baies sont dotés de chaînage et les pignons de l'étage éclairés par une fenêtre géminée. Les rampants des murs-pignons se terminent par des consoles reposant sur une volute de pierre sculptée tandis que les frises des deux ailes principales, en briques diagonales, encadrent de multiples losange de pierre taillées en pointe de diamant. Le soubassement jusqu'aux seuils de fenêtres est en pierres. Malgré des dimensions proches, le bâtiment de la gare de Ramillies n'est pas une copie mais fait appel aux mêmes plans que celui de la gare de Groenendael (à l'exception d'une aile plus courte).

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Ligne 142 (Infrabel)
 Liste de gares en Belgique

Liens externes
 .

Gare
Ligne 142 (Infrabel)
Gare fermée dans la province du Brabant wallon
Gare mise en service en 1869

Gare d'Éghezée


Place d'Italie (, literally "Italy Square") is a rapid transit station of the Paris Métro located in the heart of the 13th arrondissement of Paris, at the Place d'Italie. It is the southern terminus of Line 5 and is also served by Line 6 and Line 7.

Location

The Place d'Italie was the site of the Barrière d'Italie, a gate of in the Wall of the Farmers-General, built to enforce tax collections on goods entering Paris between 1784 and 1791, where the old Roman road towards Lyon and Rome began. The station is situated at the crossing of five large Parisian streets: the Avenue d'Italie, the Boulevard Auguste Blanqui, the Avenue des Gobelins, the Boulevard de l'Hôpital, and the Boulevard Vincent Auriol. It was the starting point of the road connecting Paris to Italy, the current N7.

History
The first platforms opened as part of the former Line 2 South on 24 April 1906, when it was extended from Passy. On 17 December 1906, Line 2 South was extended to Lancry.  On 14 October 1907 Line 2 South was incorporated into Line 5. On 1 March 1909, Line 6 was opened from Place d'Italie to Nation.

The Line 7 platforms opened on 15 February 1930 as part of a planned section of line Line 7, which was temporarily operated as part of Line 10 until the completion of the under-Seine crossing of line 7 from Pont de Sully to Place Monge. The station was integrated into line 7 on 26 April 1931. On 12 October 1942, the Place d'Italie Étoile section was transferred from line 5 to line 6 in order to separate the underground and elevated sections of the metro (because the latter were more vulnerable to air attack). As a result, Line 5, rather than Line 6, terminated at Place d'Italie.

Like one-third of the stations in the network between 1974 and 1984, the three stopping points were modernized by adopting the decorative style "Andreu-Motte", in yellow for line 5, blue for line 6 and green for line 7. However, the wharf of line 5 will be later removed its yellow tiled bench seat, which was surmounted by seats "Motte" features resembling its hue.

From 25 June to 2 September 2007, the platforms of Line 5 were closed to allow a modification of the track plan with the aim of reusing the loop of Italy, to increase the frequency of the line. the terminus was then temporarily shifted to the neighboring Campo-Formio metro station.

As part of the RATP's Renouveau du métro program, the corridors of the station were renovated from 31 March 2008. In the mid-2010s, the Line 7 station, in turn, underwent a minor modernization with green tiled benches replaced with contemporary seats of the same color.

From 25 November to 11 December 2015, the platforms for Line 6 (as well as the exterior of an MP 73 train) were decorated in a Star Wars theme to promote the theatrical release of Star Wars Episode VII: The Force Awakens. At the end of 2016, its blue checked banquettes were replaced by contemporary seats of the same color.

In 2018, 11,508,361 travelers entered this station which places it at the 13th position of the metro stations for its attendance.

Passenger services

Access
There are four access points to Place d'Italie station:
 Auguste Blanqui: one stairway at 2 Rue Bobillot, decorated with an Guimard edicule, inscribed as a historic monument on 12 February 2016;
 Grand Écran: one stairway at Place d'Italie consisting of a fixed staircase also embellished with an entrance designed by Hector Guimard and classified as a historical monument;
 Vincent Auriol: one stairway and one escalator 182 Boulevard Vincent-Auriol with Dervaux candelabra;
 Mairie du XIIIème: one stairway at 146 Boulevard de l'Hôpital.

Station layout

Platforms
Each stopping point has an elliptical vault and an Andreu-Motte style decoration, but the characteristic benches and seats have been gradually removed over the years.

The terminus of Line 5 is in the form of a curved station with two lanes framing a central platform. The Motte style is only represented by two yellow luminous strips, while the platform has a few white sit-stand bars. Bevelled white ceramic tiles cover the walls, vault, and tunnel exits. The advertising frames are metallic, and the name of the station is written in capital letters on enamelled plates.

The platforms of Line 6 are of standard configuration. Two in number, they are separated by the metro tracks in the centre. The decoration is materialized by two blue luminous strips and tunnel exits treated in blue flat tiling, except to the right of the access outlets. The latter are covered with white bevelled tiles, as are the walls and the vault. The advertising frames are metallic, and the name of the station is written on enamelled plates, with an unusual font for the Paris metro. The seats are Akiko style blue.

The Line 7 station is also available. It has two green light luminous and Akiko seats of the same colour. Bevelled white ceramic tiles cover the piers, the vault, the tunnel exits and the outlets of the corridors. The advertising frames are a faience honey colour and the name of the station is also faience in the style of the original CMP.

Bus connections
The station is served by Lines 27, 47, 57, 59, 61, 64, 67 and 83 of the RATP Bus Network. At night, it is served by lines N15, N22, N31 and N144 of the Noctilien network.

Nearby attractions
 The mayor's office of the 13th arrondissement.
 The "Big Screen Building," a work of the Japanese architect Kenzo Tange, which includes offices, movie theaters, and shops.
 Centre commercial Italie
 Quartier de la Butte-aux-Cailles

Gallery

References

 Métropole
 Pierre Miquel, Petite Histoire des Stations de Métro. Paris: Éditions Albin Michel, 1993.

Paris Métro stations in the 13th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1906

Place d'Italie station


An Habenaria praealta in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Louis Marie Aubert Du Petit-Thouars, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Spreng.. An Habenaria praealta in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

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Habenaria

Habenaria praealta