Oakland University (also known locally as OU or Oakland)  is a public research university in Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills, Michigan. Founded in 1957 through a donation of Matilda Dodge Wilson, it was initially known as Michigan State University-Oakland, operating under the Michigan State University Board of Trustees, before gaining institutional independence from the board in 1970.

Oakland University is one of the eight research universities in the State of Michigan and is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity." The university offers 132 bachelor's degree programs and 138 professional graduate certificate, master's degree, and doctoral degree programs, including those offered by the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine. It had a total enrollment of more than 20,000 students in 2016.

The university's site comprises the Main Campus, Meadow Brook Estate, and two nationally ranked golf courses spread across 1,443 acres (5.84 km2). Meadow Brook Hall, a U.S. National Historic Landmark and the fourth-largest historic house museum in the United States, is located on the site.

Previously known as the Pioneers, Oakland's athletic teams were renamed the Golden Grizzlies in 1998. They compete in the NCAA Division I Horizon League.

History

In 1908, John Francis Dodge and his wife Matilda purchased a farmhouse and  of land known as Meadow Brook Farms, located in central Oakland County.

In 1920, Matilda inherited John's fortune upon his death, soon remarrying to a lumber baron, Alfred G. Wilson. Between 1926 and 1929, the couple built Meadow Brook Hall on the land.

Oakland University was created in 1957 when Matilda Dodge Wilson and her second husband, Alfred Wilson, donated their  estate to Michigan State University, including Meadow Brook Hall, Sunset Terrace and all the estate's other buildings and collections, along with $2 million.  Main campus buildings were completed on Squirrel Road in Pontiac Township (now the city of Auburn Hills). Originally known as Michigan State University–Oakland, the university enrolled its first students in 1959, was renamed Oakland University in 1963,  and has been officially independent of Michigan State University since 1970.

Wilson demanded that U.S. Postmaster General Arthur Summerfield let the university use a Rochester, Michigan, mailing address (201 Meadow Brook Rd., Rochester, Michigan 48309), even though the main campus was in Pontiac Township (now the city of Auburn Hills). After Wilson reminded him that she had contributed to his administration, Summerfield granted her request.

In September 2009, tenured faculty members represented by the Oakland University chapter of the American Association of University Professors went on strike. Issues of contention included the university claiming ownership of professors' copyrights and patents, refusing to allow faculty input into matters of class size and curricula, reduction of health benefits and a three-year salary freeze. The salary freeze was in contrast to university president Gary Russi, who had just received a $100,000 raise. The university's board of trustees maintained that the strike was illegal and filed a lawsuit against the Oakland AAUP. After a week's strike, the faculty and administration came to an agreement on a three-year contract, which was implemented.

During the 2012 Republican presidential primaries, Oakland University hosted a debate between Republican presidential candidates on 9 November 2011. CNBC televised the debate nationally, and the Michigan Republican Party co-sponsored the debate with CNBC. Eight candidates participated: Michele Bachmann, Herman Cain, Newt Gingrich, Jon Huntsman, Ron Paul, Rick Perry, Mitt Romney, and Rick Santorum.

In 2013, the Oakland University Board of Trustees approved a $65 million investment in campus expansion and improvement projects. Completed in the fall of 2014, projects included: construction of a nearly $30 million student housing complex; dramatic enhancement of outdoor recreation and athletic fields; construction of a 1,240-space parking structure, and; construction of new headquarters for facility and grounds maintenance operations. Longtime supporters of the university, Hugh and Nancy Elliott, made a donation to construct the Elliott Tower on the campus. The 151-foot carillon tower was completed in fall 2014 and houses the last bells to be cast by the Royal Bellfoundry Petit & Fritsen of the Netherlands.

On 4 May 2017, the board announced Ora Hirsch Pescovitz, M.D., as Oakland University's seventh president. Her tenure began on 1 July 2017, under a 5-year contract.  In 2021, her contract was extended to June, 2025. In June 2023, Ora Hirsch Pescovitz, M.D. was named 2023 Michiganian of the Year for leading civic engagement and civility initiatives at Oakland University.

For the fall 2022 semester, Oakland University had an enrollment of 16,108 students. Oakland University is the 6th largest of the 4-year universities in Michigan.

Academics

Admissions

Undergraduate

Oakland University is considered "selective" by U.S. News & World Report. For the Class of 2025 (enrolled fall 2021), Oakland University received 10,475 applications and accepted 9,661 (92.2%). Of those accepted, 2,025 enrolled, a yield rate (the percentage of accepted students who choose to attend the university) of 21.0%. Oakland University's freshman retention rate is 73.1%, with 56% going on to graduate within six years.

The enrolled first-year class of 2025 had the following standardized test scores: the middle 50% range (25th percentile-75th percentile) of SAT scores was 990-1220, while the middle 50% range of ACT scores was 21-29.

Academic divisions

Oakland University offers 132 bachelor's degree programs and 138 graduate programs (professional certificates, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees). The main academic units of the university are the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business Administration, the School of Education and Human Services, the School of Engineering and Computer Science, the School of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, and the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine. Additionally, Oakland University supports an Honors College and various study abroad programs. Its most popular undergraduate majors, by 2021 graduates, were:
Registered Nursing/Registered Nurse (458)
Health Professions and Related Clinical Sciences (285)
Psychology (161)
Mechanical Engineering (160)
Human Resources Development (149)
Communication (128)
Biology/Biological Sciences (124)
Elementary Education and Teaching (121)

In 2007, plans were established to start a medical school on the Oakland University campus in partnership with William Beaumont Hospital, called the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB or OUWBSM) came to fruition. The medical school was founded in 2008 with classes starting in fall of 2011. OUWB is the fourth medical school in the state of Michigan to offer the M.D. degree, received over 3,200 applications for the inaugural class of 50 students.  OUWBSM has 225 students as of Fall 2013 and 500 were planned for 2017. The founding dean of the medical school is Robert Folberg, M.D.

The Oakland University – Beaumont Nurse Anesthesia Graduate Program started in 1991. In 2011, U.S. News & World Report ranked the program tied for 17th in the United States.

Oakland University's School of Business Administration (SBA) is accredited by the AACSB-International accreditation in both business and accounting. It also offers Michigan's only Executive MBA program with concentrations in Health Care and IS Leadership. In 2009, the SBA celebrated its 40th anniversary.

Research centers and institutes
As part of its research mission, Oakland University also supports a number of major research centers and institutes, including the Center for Biomedical Research, the Center for Robotics and Advanced Automation, the Fastening and Joining Research Institute, the Human Systems Initiative, and the renowned Eye Research Institute. Furthermore, Oakland University's Smart Zone Business Incubator provides entrepreneurial resources and expertise to support and foster new technology-based and life science businesses.

Some Oakland University Research Centers and Institutes include:
 Center for Applied Research in Musical Understanding
 Center for Biomedical Research
 Center for Creative and Collaborative Computing
 Center for Data Science and Big Data Analytics
 Center for Integrated Business Research and Education
 Center for Public Humanities
 Center for Robotics and Advanced Automation
 Eye Research Institute
 Fastening and Joining Research Institute
 Lowry Center for Early Childhood Education
 Nanotech Research & Development Institute
 Oakland University Center for Autism Research, Education and Support (OUCARES)
 Pawley Learning Institute
 Product Development and Manufacturing Center
 Public Affairs Research Laboratory

Campus

In addition to its location in the cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills, Oakland University maintains an official "hometown" relationship with the nearby but not adjacent city of Rochester, Michigan. University and city officials signed a partnership agreement in 2003 to officially recognize the relationship between Rochester and Oakland University. In 1959, Rochester Village (now city) officials renamed the  Fifth Street in downtown Rochester "University Drive" to showcase Rochester as a "college town". The road is called Walton Boulevard adjacent to the University in Rochester Hills and Auburn Hills. This is often confused with University Drive in Auburn Hills, which originates at Oakland University's main entrance in Auburn Hills, and continues west into downtown Pontiac. In 2005, the Rochester area was ranked 39th in the CNN/Money Magazine list of the Top 100 American cities in which to live.

Oakland University's campus, which encompasses , includes trails and biking paths and two nationally ranked golf courses.

Oakland County
The university's land in Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills is divided into the Main Campus, Meadow Brook Estate, and two golf courses.

Main Campus
Meadow Brook Theatre, which was founded in 1967, is the largest non-profit professional theater in Michigan, and presents a wide variety of award-winning productions throughout the year. Additionally, the Oakland University Art Gallery, which was formerly known as the Meadow Brook Art Gallery, presents at least six different exhibitions each academic year, in addition to hosting a variety of lectures, performances and symposia.

Kresge Library is the main library of Oakland University. It consists of four floors of study rooms and open-area tables. It also contains the Oakland University Archives, the Historical Abraham Lincoln Collection, the Jane M. Bingham Historical Children's Collection, and a tech center. The library is named after Stanley and Sebastian Kresge who were both present for the library's opening in 1962.

In 2009, an 18-hole disc golf course opened. Grizzly Oaks was co-designed by student Jarrett Schlaff and licensed by the Professional Disc Golf Association.

Oakland University's student union, the Oakland Center, was renovated and expanded in 2018.  The Oakland Center houses the offices of student organizations, a large food court with multiple restaurants, the student bookstore, a cafe, a pool hall and gaming center, a Student Technology Center, the campus newspaper The Oakland Post, computer labs, conference rooms, as well as the offices of the university radio station, WXOU (88.3 FM).  Oakland University also has its own television station (OU TV) which is broadcast on-campus and to the local community.

The campus has recreational facilities for intramural sports and for Oakland University's 16 NCAA Division I athletic teams, including the lighted Upper Athletic Fields, the indoor Sports Dome, fields for varsity baseball, softball, and soccer, and facilities for basketball, handball, track, and weight training. The campus recreation center houses Oakland University's natatorium, and the Athletics Center O'rena, a 4,000-seat field house, is the home court for Oakland University basketball and volleyball.

Near the center of campus is the Elliot Tower (above). This clock tower was finished in 2014 after many delays to its construction that began toward the end of 1945 just after the end of WWII, making it both the oldest and one of the newest structures simultaneously at Oakland University.

Meadow Brook Estate
This portion of Oakland University consists of the historic Meadow Brook Hall and the land and buildings surrounding it. The hall, which is a 110-room Tudor revival–style mansion completed in 1929 as Oakland University founder Matilda Dodge Wilson's Oakland County estate, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.  Meadow Brook Hall is the fourth-largest historic house museum in the United States, and houses a vast collection of historically significant art and furniture, including paintings by Rembrandt, Anthony van Dyck, Rosa Bonheur, Gilbert Stuart, Joshua Reynolds, John Constable, and Thomas Gainsborough, as well as sculptures by Antoine-Louis Barye, Frederic Remington, Cyrus Edwin Dallin, and Herbert Haseltine. Meadow Brook Hall is frequently utilized as a site for select university functions, including the Meadow Brook Ball, a popular student event. Until 2010, Meadow Brook Hall and its grounds were the site of the annual Meadow Brook Concours d'Elegance, one of the largest collector car shows in the world.

The Meadow Brook Music Festival is an outdoor entertainment venue with an on-site pavilion which accommodates close to 8,000 people. In addition to being the site of spring-time graduation ceremonies, Meadow Brook Music Festival also hosts comedians and musical acts. Meadow Brook Music Festival is managed by 313 Presents.

Golf courses
Oakland University has two nationally ranked golf courses that make up most of the southern portion of its land. Katke-Cousins sits on . Some of the course's 18 holes remain from the 9-hole course John Dodge built when he lived at the estate. The other course, opened in 2000, is the R & S Sharf course.

Macomb County
An office plaza in downtown Mount Clemens, in Macomb County, was donated to the university in 2010 by Gebran Anton and Stuart Frankel. It was repurposed and opened for the fall 2011 semester as the Anton/Frankel Center. It offers several undergraduate and graduate programs.

Oakland University is also among the 12 colleges and universities offering programs at Macomb Community College's University Center.

Oakland University Art Gallery, and art collection
The Oakland University Art Gallery is a civic art exhibition venue in Rochester Hills, Michigan. Founded in 1966, it is part of Oakland University and occupies a portion of the University's Wilson Hall. The gallery's exhibitions have garnered national and international attention, and have been reviewed in publications including Art in America, Sculpture and W Magazine.

Art collection
The collection has over 1,500 art objects. The gallery collection includes twentieth and twenty-first century paintings and sculptures by artists Richard Artschwager, Fernando Botero, Alex Katz, Malcolm Morley, Carlos Rolón, and Terry Winters.

Other contemporary artworks in the collection include Detroit artists Michael Luchs, Gordon Newton, Robert Sestok, and Gilda Snowden.

Former Professor of Art History and Archeology Carl F. Barnes Jr., and Anna M. Barnes donated their collection of over 500 prints in 1999. Collections highlights include the print oeuvre of English print maker and portrait painter Gerald Brockhurst. Other artist highlights from this collection include William Blake, Eugène Delacroix, Albrecht Dürer, William Hogarth, John Sloan, and James Abbott McNeill Whistler.

The Tagore Collection was donated by Dr. Abanindranath Tagore in 1989. It contains calligraphy, rubbings, and scrolls. Among the scrolls, include works by Qi Baishi, Xu Beihong, Zhang Daqian, Li Keran, and Qigong, among others.

G. Mennen Williams, the 41st Governor of Michigan, donated his collection in to the gallery in 1968. Williams held the position of Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs during the Kennedy administration and bequeathed objects acquired during his tours of duty. A majority of the objects originate from West Africa in what is now Nigeria, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Burkino Faso, Ghana and Benin.

Exhibitions and programming
The Oakland University Art Gallery hosts at least five exhibitions per year, in addition to hosting a variety of lectures, performances, and symposium. Although the gallery published catalogues for select exhibitions throughout its history, since 1999 each exhibition has had an accompanying catalogue.

Operations
Oakland University Art Gallery is wholly part of Oakland University. Its exhibitions and operations are funded through a variety of university, foundation, and individual contributions.

The gallery is open to the public. There is no general admission fee or special charge for exhibitions.

Athletics

"OU Fight" is the Oakland University fight song. Previously known as the Pioneers, the school's teams were renamed the Golden Grizzlies in 1998.

Oakland University was used as a training camp for the Detroit Lions in 1989.

Oakland University's men's soccer team became the first Oakland team to move past the first round of their sport's respective NCAA tournament in 2007.

Student life
Although many of Oakland's students commute from surrounding areas, there are more than 3,000 who live on campus in a variety of residence halls and student apartments. The residence halls include Hillcrest Hall, Oak View Hall, Hamlin Hall, Vandenberg Hall, Hill House, Van Wagoner House, and Fitzgerald House. Residential learning communities on Oakland University's campus include Scholars Tower and the Residential Honors College community. Eight additional buildings make up the George T. Matthews student apartments, and six major Tudor-style buildings house the Ann V. Nicholson student apartments, which were completed in 2002.

Campus life is enhanced by more than 200 registered student organizations, ranging from cultural and religious groups to Greek organizations.  Fraternities at Oakland University include Theta Chi, Sigma Pi, Tau Kappa Epsilon, Alpha Phi Alpha, Alpha Sigma Phi, Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, and Iota Phi Theta. Sororities include Alpha Delta Pi, Alpha Sigma Tau, Gamma Phi Beta, Phi Sigma Sigma, Sigma Alpha Iota, Sigma Sigma Sigma, Alpha Kappa Alpha, Delta Sigma Theta, Zeta Phi Beta, and Sigma Gamma Rho. The so-called Cottage District of campus, which consists of homes originally built for workers employed at the old Meadow Brook Estate, now contain fraternity and sorority houses. Additionally, the university owns an adjoining tract of land to the east of the main university campus, which was developed into a neighborhood in which many faculty members currently live.

Alumni

Arts and entertainment
 Curtis Armstrong – film and TV actor
 Regina Carter – jazz violinist, winner of MacArthur Fellowship
 Robert Englund – film and TV actor (attended)
 David Hasselhoff – actor (attended)
 Jayne Houdyshell – Broadway actress, Tony Award winner
 Hank Jones – jazz pianist and composer (honorary doctorate)
 Karen Newman – singer and actress
 Elizabeth Reaser – film and TV actress (attended)
 Casey Burke – naval aviator and distinguished FRS instructor
 Doris Eaton Travis – dancer and actress (honorary doctorate)

Law
 Karen Batchelor – attorney and first African-American member of the Daughters of the American Revolution
 Deborah Servitto – Judge, Michigan Court of Appeals

Government and politics
 Fran Amos – State Representative, Michigan House of Representatives
 Deborah Cherry – Senator, Michigan Senate
 APJ Abdul Kalam – India's 11th President (honorary doctorate)
 David J. Doyle – Michigan politician
 Renee Ellmers – Member of Congress from North Carolina
 Gordon R. England – former Secretary of the Navy (honorary doctorate)
 Ruth Johnson – Michigan politician
 Nancy Lenoil – State Archivist of California
 Carl Levin – U.S. Senator (honorary doctorate)
 Michael W. Michalak – United States Ambassador to Vietnam
 Adolph Mongo – political consultant (attended)
 G. Mennen Williams – former Governor of Michigan (honorary doctorate)
 Gary Yourofsky – animal rights activist

Business
 Howard Birndorf – co-founder, Hybritech
 John G. Denison – CEO of ATA Airlines
 N.R. Narayana Murthy – founder, CEO, and Ex Chairman, Infosys Limited (honorary doctorate)
 Maximiliano Larroquette – designer of Chevrolet Volt
 James E. Schrager – Professor, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago

Education
 Janet L. Holmgren (BA, Oakland; PhD, Princeton) – President, Mills College
 James E. Schrager (BA, Oakland; PhD, Chicago) – Professor, Business, University of Chicago
 Richard T. Sullivan (BA, Oakland; PhD, Harvard) – Associate Professor, History, University of Notre Dame
 Steven D. Townsend (BS, Oakland; PhD, Vanderbilt) – Assistant Professor, Chemistry, Vanderbilt University
 Thomas J. Volgy (BA, Oakland; PhD, Minnesota) – Professor, Political Science, University of Arizona

Sports and media
 Keith Benson – NBA player
 Mike Brosseau – MLB infielder, Tampa Bay Rays
 Kay Felder – NBA player
 Andrew Good – former MLB pitcher, Arizona Diamondbacks, Detroit Tigers
 Brian Gregory – men's head basketball coach, Georgia Tech
 Seb Harris – professional footballer for Northampton Town
 Mike Helms – professional basketball player
 Don Kirkwood – former MLB pitcher, California Angels, Chicago White Sox, Toronto Blue Jays (attended)
 Rawle Marshall – former NBA player, Dallas Mavericks, Indiana Pacers
 Jasna Rather – four-time Olympian, degree in political science
 Tom Stanton – author and journalist
 Brian Stuard – professional golfer
 Jennifer Valoppi – TV journalist
 Kelly Williams – professional basketball player
 Gbemi Olateru-Olagbegi – professional radio personality, Lagos, Nigeria
 Kendrick Nunn - NBA Player

Notes

References

External links

Oakland Athletics website

Public universities and colleges in Michigan
Universities and colleges in Oakland County, Michigan
Universities and colleges established in 1957
1957 establishments in Michigan

Oakland University


Thomas Stanley, (1625 - 12 de abril de 1678), fue un escritor y traductor inglés. De familia aristocrática, y vinculado por su madre a la familia del poeta Richard Lovelace, Stanley es considerado una figura de transición en la literatura inglesa. Formado en la Universidad de Cambridge, donde obtuvo el grado de Master of Arts, casó pronto, viajó con frecuencia a la Europa continental, y dada su desahogada posición económica, ayudó a diversos poetas y escritores coetáneos. Fue poeta él mismo y traductor de autores como Girolamo Preti, Juan Pérez de Montalbán, o Anacreonte. Su poesía está influida en los antiguos, por Mosco de Siracusa o Ausonio, y en los modernos por Góngora, Johannes Secundus y Giambattista Marino. Es conocido más generalmente, sin embargo, por su obra The History of Philosophy, publicada en Londres en cuatro volúmenes, desde 1655 hasta 1662. Concebida como una serie de biografías, iniciada por la de Tales, fue altamente valorada como pieza literaria y de erudición sobre la filosofía de la Antigüedad, durante todo el siguiente siglo, haciéndose eco de ella, por ejemplo, en España el padre Benito Jerónimo Feijoo en sus Cartas eruditas y curiosas.

Obras

Poems (1647)
Aurora and the Prince, traducción del español, de Juan Pérez de Montalbán; y Oronta, the Cyprian Virgin, traducción del italiano de  Girolamo Preti (1647)
Europa, Cupid Crucified, Venus Vigils (1649)
Anacreon; Bion; Moschus; Kisses by Secundus..., traducciones (1651)The History of Philosophy (Londres, Humphrey Moseley y Thomas Dring) en 1655, tres volúmenes, (1655, 1656, 1660); el cuarto fue publicado en 1662Poems (1814) editado por Samuel Egerton BrydgesAnacreon'' (1883) traducción, editado por A. H. Bullen (bilingüe, con el original griego)

Referencias

Alumnado de la Universidad de Cambridge
Alumnado del Pembroke College (Cambridge)
Traductores al inglés
Poetas de Inglaterra del siglo XVII
Historiadores de Inglaterra del siglo XVII
Traductores de Inglaterra del siglo XVII
Escritores en inglés del siglo XVII
Miembros de la Royal Society
Fallecidos en Londres

Thomas Stanley (autor)


Grant Ross, né le  à Wellington, est un joueur néo-zélandais de rugby à XV. Il jouait au poste de deuxième ligne.

Biographie
Grant Ross joue au Wellington RFU jusqu'en 1989 puis il rejoint ensuite les Natal Sharks pour deux saisons.

En 1991 il rejoint le Stade montois et y passe trois saisons.
Le , il est invité pour jouer avec le XV du Président contre les Barbarians français pour le Centenaire du rugby à Grenoble.

En 1994 il s'engage pour le CA Brive pour y jouer aussi également trois saisons.
Le , il joue avec le CAB la finale de la Coupe d'Europe (première édition avec les clubs anglais) à l'Arms Park de Cardiff face au Leicester Tigers, les Brivistes s'imposent 28 à 9 et il devient champion d'Europe.

Grant Ross part ensuite pour le nouveau promu le Stade français pour la saison 1997-1998. Les Parisiens remportent le Bouclier de Brennus, en dominant largement l'USA Perpignan en finale.

Palmarès
 Avec le CA Brive
 Challenge Yves du Manoir :
 Vainqueur (1) : 1996
 Coupe d'Europe :
 Vainqueur (1) : 1997
 Coupe Intercontinentale :
 Finaliste (1) : 1997
 Avec le Stade français
 Championnat de France :
 Champion (1) : 1998
 Coupe de France :
 Vainqueur (1) : 1999
 Finaliste (1) : 1998

Notes et références

Liens externes

Joueur néo-zélandais de rugby à XV
Deuxième ligne (rugby à XV)
Joueur de la Wellington Rugby Football Union
Joueur des Sharks
Joueur du Stade montois
Joueur du CA Brive
Joueur du Stade français Paris
Naissance en janvier 1968
Naissance à Wellington

Grant Ross


Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, whose name in turn originated from the Seneca word  ohiːyo', meaning "good river", "great river" or "large creek". The Ohio River forms its southern border, though nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia.

Significant rivers within the state include the Cuyahoga River, Great Miami River, Maumee River, Muskingum River, and Scioto River. The rivers in the northern part of the state drain into the northern Atlantic Ocean via Lake Erie and the St. Lawrence River, and the rivers in the southern part of the state drain into the Gulf of Mexico via the Ohio River and then the Mississippi.

The worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, including the downtown business district of Dayton. As a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States.

Alphabetically

Alum Creek
Ashtabula River
Auglaize River
Beaver Creek (Lorain County, Ohio)
Beaver Creek (Raccoon Creek tributary)
Big Creek
Big Darby Creek
Big Walnut Creek
Black Fork Mohican River
Black River
Blacklick Creek
Blanchard River
Brandywine Creek (Broken Sword Creek tributary)
Brandywine Creek (Cuyahoga River tributary)
Brandywine Creek (Miami River tributary)
Brandywine Creek (Tuscarawas River tributary)
Brewster Creek
Broken Sword Creek
Buck Creek (feeds Clarence J. Brown Reservoir)
Captina Creek
Chagrin River
Chippewa Creek (Cuyahoga River tributary)
Chippewa Creek (Tuscarawas River tributary)
Clear Creek
Clear Fork Mohican River
Conneaut Creek
Conotton Creek
Cuyahoga River
Duck Creek
Euclid Creek
Federal Creek
Flatrock Creek
Grand River
Great Miami River (Miami River tributary)
Green Creek
Greenville Creek
Harkers Run
Hemlock Creek
Hocking River
Huff Run
Huron River
Killbuck Creek
Kingsbury Run
Kinnikinnick Creek
Kokosing River
Lake Fork Mohican River
Leading Creek
Leatherwood Creek (Tawana Creek tributary)
Leatherwood Creek (Wills Creek tributary)
Licking River
Little Auglaize River
Little Beaver Creek
Little Beaver Creek (Lorain County, Ohio)
Little Cuyahoga River
Little Darby Creek
Little Hocking River
Little Miami River
Little Muskingum River
Little Ottawa River
Little Sandusky River
Little Scioto River (Ohio River tributary)
Little Scioto River (Scioto River tributary)
Little Wakatomika Creek
Loramie Creek
Mad River
Mahoning River
Margaret Creek
Maumee River
Mill Creek
Mississinewa River
Mohican River
Monday Creek
Moxahala Creek
Muskingum River
Nimishillen Creek
Ohio Brush Creek
Ohio River
Olentangy River
Ottawa River (Auglaize River tributary)
Ottawa River (Lake Erie) (Toledo)
Paint Creek
Pee Pee Creek
Portage River
Raccoon Creek
Rattlesnake Creek
Rocky River
St. Joseph River
St. Marys River
Sandusky River
Sandy Creek
Scioto River
Shade River
Shenango River
Slabcamp Run
Slate Run
Solomon Run
Still Fork
Stillwater River
Styx River
Sugar Creek (Ottawa River tributary)
Sugar Creek (Tuscarawas River tributary)
Sunday Creek
Symmes Creek
Sycamore Creek

Tiffin River
Tinkers Creek
Toussaint River (Ohio)
Turtle Creek
Tuscarawas River
Vermilion River
Wabash River
Wakatomika Creek
Walhonding River
Wheeling Creek
Whitewater River
Wills Creek
Wolf Creek (Great Miami River tributary)
Wolf Creek (Muskingum River tributary)

By tributary

Lake Erie
Bear Creek
Little Bear Creek
Halfway Creek
Shantee Creek
Silver Creek

Ottawa River
Ottawa River
Sibley Creek
Tenmile Creek
North Branch Tenmile Creek
Prairie Ditch

Maumee River
Maumee River
Duck Creek
Swan Creek
Wolf Creek
Cairl Creek
Blue Creek
Mosquito Creek
Harris Ditch
Gail Run
Ai Creek
Delaware Creek
Grassy Creek
Tontogany Creek
Kettle Run
Beaver Creek
Little Beaver Creek
Cutoff Ditch
Brush Creek
Yellow Creek
West Creek
Little Yellow Creek
East Beaver Creek
West Beaver Creek
Big Creek
Lick Creek
Bad Creek
South Branch Bad Creek
Dry Creek
School Creek
Turkeyfoot Creek
Lost Creek
Brush Creek
West Creek
Mess Ditch
Gustwiller Ditch
Brickman Ditch
North Turkeyfoot Creek
Konzen Ditch
Obernouse Creek
Van Hyning Creek
Garrett Creek
Benien Creek
Brubaker Creek
Barnes Creek
Wade Creek
Huston Creek
Preston Run
Auglaize River
Powell Creek
Wagner Run
North Powell Creek
Hogback Run
South Powell Creek
Threemile Creek
Jackson Ditch
Beetree Creek
Fivemile Creek
Eagle Creek
Sixmile Creek
Bull Creek
Little Flatrock Creek
Flatrock Creek
Wildcat Creek
Blue Creek
Barcer Run
Webster Ditch
Cunningham Creek
Buchanan Ditch
Upper Prairie Creek
Parker Ditch
Sponseller Ditch
Little Auglaize River
Prairie Creek
West Branch Prairie Creek
Hog Run
Hoaglin Creek
Monkey Run
Dog Run
Hagerman Creek
Dry Creek
Middle Branch Little Auglaize River
Maddox Creek
Balyeat Ditch
Sheets Ditch
Town Creek
Roller Creek
Dog Creek
Emmit Bell Ditch
Spice Run
Bandehoff Ditch
Dry Run
Hermann Ditch
Benson Ditch
Wolf Ditch
Long Prairie Creek
Kyle Prairie Ditch
Greens Ditch
Frisinger Ditch
Prairie Creek
Blanchard River
Ottawa River
Little Ottawa River
Hog Creek
Tiffin River
Lick Creek
St. Joseph River
St. Marys River
Black Creek
Clear Creek

Otter Creek
Wolf Creek
Cedar Creek
Dry Creek
Little Cedar Creek
Crane Creek
Ayers Creek
Little Crane Creek
Henry Creek
Two Root Creek
Turtle Creek
North Branch Turtle Creek
South Branch Turtle Creek

Toussaint River (Ohio)
Toussaint River (Ohio)
Rusha Creek
Toussaint Creek
Packer Creek

Portage River (Ohio)
Portage River
Little Portage River
Cottonwood Swale
Ninemile Creek
Indian Creek
Green Bayou
Bayou Creek
Lacarpe Creek
Wolf Creek
Sugar Creek
Victoria Creek
Middle Branch Portage River
North Branch Portage River
Yankey Creek
Cuckle Creek
South Branch Portage River
East Branch Portage River
South Branch East Branch Portage River
Bull Creek
Rocky Ford
Needles Creek
Rader Creek

Sandusky River
Sandusky River
Green Creek
Yellow Slough
Flag Run
Beaver Creek
Owl Creek
Westerhouse Ditch
Albreight Ditch
Noel Ditch
Emerson Creek
Royer Ditch
Bark Creek
Muskellunge Creek
Indian Creek
Wolf Creek
East Branch Wolf Creek
Snuff Creek
East Fork East Branch Wolf Creek
Middle Fork East Branch Wolf Creek
Sugar Creek
Spicer Creek
Morrison Creek
Willow Creek
Rock Creek
East Branch Rock Creek
Armstrong and Beighly Ditch
Carpenter Ditch
Gibson Creek
Bells Run
Honey Creek
Buckeye Creek
Silver Creek
Eicholtz Ditch
Kagy Ditch
Bollinger Ditch
Hedden Ditch
Hooper Ditch
Schaaf Ditch
Brokenknife Creek
Mile Run
Sycamore Creek
Greasy Run
Taylor Run
Thorn Run
Tymochtee Creek
Spring Run
Poverty Run
No. 32 Ditch
Little Tymochtee Creek
Hart Ditch
Browns Run
Veith Ditch
Lick Run
Baughman Run
Blake Ditch
Perkins Run
Oak Run
Sugar Run
Warpole Creek
Saint James Run
Little Tymochtee Creek
Revhorn Run
Pawpaw Run
PawPaw Run
Carroll Ditch
Enoch Creek
Prairie Run
Thompson Ditch
Layton Ditch
Sugar Run
Negro Run
Spring Branch
Kiser Run
Porcupine Creek
Cranberry Run
Rock Run
Little Sandusky River
Honey Run
Broken Sword Creek
Indian Run
Brandywine Creek (Broken Sword Creek tributary)
Red Run
Grass Run
Gray Eye Run
Loss Creek
Paramour Creek
Allen Run
South Creek
Racoon Creek
Pickerel Creek
Strong Creek
Fuller Creek
Little Pickerel Creek
Cold Creek
Mills Creek
Pipe Creek
Plum Brook
Sawmill Creek

Huron River
Huron River
Mud Brook
East Branch Huron River
Cole Creek
Norwalk Creek
West Branch Huron River
Seymour Creek
Megginson Creek
Frink Run
Haas Ditch
Schoeffel Ditch
Slate Run
Mud Run
Mud Run
Shriner Ditch
Marsh Run
Old Woman Creek
Cranberry Creek
Chappel Creek
Sugar Creek
Darby Creek
Sherod Creek

Vermilion River
Vermilion River
East Fork Vermilion River
East Branch Vermilion River
Indian Creek
Southwest Branch Vermilion River
Buck Creek
Clear Creek
Brownhelm Creek
Quarry Creek
Beaver Creek
Martin Run

Black River
Black River
Ziegman Ditch
French Creek
Jungbluth Ditch
Walker Ditch
Kline Ditch
Avins Ditch
Klingsburn Ditch
Slater Ditch
Ridgeway Ditch
East Branch Black River
Willow Creek
Fortune Ditch
Salt Creek
Crow Creek
Coon Creek
East Fork East Branch Black River
West Fork East Branch Black River
Clear Creek
West Branch Black River
Straw Ditch
Schroeder Ditch
Dant Ditch
Elk Creek
Kelner Ditch
Squires Ditch
Plum Creek
Wellington Creek
Ponderosa Pines Lake
Findley Lake
Charlemont Creek
Buck Creek
Schumaker Ditch
Powdermaker Ditch
Heider Ditch
Gable Ditch
Porter Creek
Cahoon Creek
Sperry Creek
Tuttle Creek
Willow Creek

Rocky River
Rocky River
West Channel Rocky River
Abram Creek (Rocky River, Lake Erie)
East Branch Rocky River
Baldwin Creek
Healey Creek
Big Brook
Willow Brook
West Branch Rocky River
Plum Creek (Rocky River, Lake Erie)
Baker Creek (Rocky River, Lake Erie)
Blodgett Creek
Cossett Creek
Mallet Creek
North Branch West Branch Rocky River
Plum Creek (Rocky River, Lake Erie)
Remson Creek
Granger Ditch
South Branch Rocky River

Cuyahoga River
Cuyahoga River
Old River
Kingsbury Run
Morgan Run
Burk Branch
Big Creek
Countrymans Creek
West Creek
Mill Creek

Tinkers Creek
Tinkers Creek
Beaver Meadow Run
Hawthorne Creek
Hemlock Creek
Neptune Lake
Pond Brook
Wood Creek
Chippewa Creek

Brandywine Creek
Brandywine Creek (Cuyahoga River tributary)
Indian Creek
Stanford Run
Grannys Run
Slipper Run
Boston Run
Haskell Run
Ritchie Run
Salt Run
Dickerson Run
Langes Run
Robinson Run
Furnace Run
Riding Run
Yellow Creek
North Fork Yellow Creek
Woodward Creek
Sand Run
Mud Brook
Woodward Creek
Old Mill Pond
Powers Brook
Little Cuyahoga River
Springfield Lake Outlet
Wingfoot Lake Outlet
Fish Creek
Plum Creek
Breakneck Creek (Cuyahoga River tributary)
Potter Creek
Black Brook
Sawyer Brook
Bridge Creek
West Branch Cuyahoga River
Butternut Creek
Tare Creek

Doan Brook
Doan Brook
Wade Lagoon
Fairmont Reservoir
Baldwin Reservoir
Lower Shaker Lake
Upper Shaker Lake
Blue Rock Brook
Walnut Creek
Ninemile Creek

Euclid Creek
Euclid Creek
East Branch
Claribel Creek
Stevenson Brook
Verbsky Creek
Redstone Run

Chagrin River
Chagrin River
East Branch Chagrin River
Griswold Creek
Willey Creek
Aurora Branch
McFarland Creek
Silver Creek
Beaver Creek

Marsh Creek
Marsh Creek
Heisley Creek

Grand River
Grand River
Black Brook
Caroline Creek
Pebble Branch
Red Creek
Big Creek
Kellogg Creek
Ellison Creek
Gordon Creek
East Creek
Aylworth Creek
Jenks Creek
Cutts Creek
Paine Creek
Bates Creek
Phelps Creek
Talcott Creek
Griswold Creek
Mill Creek
Coffee Creek
Center Creek
Mill Creek
Griggs Creek
Askme Run
Peters Creek
Bronson Creek
Trumbull Creek
Spring Creek
Three Brothers Creek
Badger Run
Rock Creek
Plum Creek
Sugar Creek
Whetstone Creek
Lebanon Creek
Shanty Creek
Crooked Creek
Mud Creek
Hoskins Creek
Indian Creek
Montville Ditch
Phelps Creek
Petersen Creek
North Branch Phelps Creek
South Branch Phelps Creek
Mill Creek
Garden Creek
Swine Creek
Grapevine Creek
Andrews Creek
Plum Creek
Coffee Creek
Baughman Creek
Center Creek
Mud Run
Dead Branch
McKinley Creek
Big Creek
Wheeler Creek
Cowles Creek
Indian Creek
Red Brook

Ashtabula River
Ashtabula River
Fields Brook
Strong Brook
Hubbard Run
Ashtabula Creek
West Branch Ashtabula River
East Branch Ashtabula River

Conneaut Creek
Conneaut Creek
West Branch Conneaut Creek
East Branch Conneaut Creek
Middle Branch Conneaut Creek
Stone Run
Fish Creek
Turkey Creek

Ohio River

Wabash River
Wabash River
Mississinewa River
Jordan Ditch
Grays Branch
Hickory Branch
Scherman Ditch
Beaver Creek
Big Run
Brush Run
Little Beaver Creek
Little Bear Creek
Buck Run
Herden Creek
Coldwater Creek
Burntwood Creek
Beaver Creek
Darlinghaus Ditch
Crab Branch
Toti Creek
Stony Creek
Twomile Creek
Threemile Creek
Vandenbush Ditch
Ward Ditch
Bear Creek

Great Miami River
Great Miami River
Doublelick Run
Whitewater River
Sand Run
Dry Fork
Lee Creek
Howard Creek
Sater Run
Phillips Creek
Jamison Creek
East Fork Whitewater River
Elkhorn Creek
Mud Creek
Horn Ditch
Rocky Fork
Little Creek
Brinley Fork
Jocqueway Fork
Dry Run
Jordan Creek
Taylor Creek
Paddys Run
Bluerock Creek
Owl Creek
Dunlap Creek
Dry Run
Indian Creek
Salmon Run
Banklick Creek
Pleasant Run
Crawford Run
Twomile Creek
Fourmile Creek
Sevenmile Creek
Ninemile Creek
Big Cave Run
Rush Run
Paint Creek
Opossum Run
Sugar Run
Beasley Run
Pottenger Run
Rocky Run
Crumbaker Run
Bull Run
Harkers Run
Spring Run
Little Fourmile Creek
East Fork Talawanda Creek
Harris Run
Gregory Creek
Coldwater Creek
Dicks Creek
North Branch Dicks Creek
Shaker Creek
Millers Creek
Elk Creek
Browns Run
Twin Creek
Little Twin Creek
Toms Run
Wysong Run
Aukerman Run
Bantas Run
Goose Creek
Lowry Run
Lesley Run
Coffman Run
Price Creek
Jims Run
Swamp Creek
Millers Fork
Lick Run
Dry Fork
Clear Creek
Gander Run
Goose Creek
Dry Run
Crains Run
Sycamore Creek
Bear Creak
Little Bear Creek
Garber Run
Diehl Run
Lick Run
Spring Run
Opossum Creek
Holes Creek
Honey Creek
Wolf Creek
Dry Run
North Branch Wolf Creek
Razor Run
Poplar Run
Mad River
Buck Creek
Stillwater River
Greenville Creek
Loramie Creek
Tawana Creek
Muchinippi Creek
Calico Creek
Wolf Creek
Little Muchinippi Creek
Baughman Ditch
Jackson Center Ditch
Willow Creek
Cherokee Run
South Fork Great Miami River
Slow Ditch
North Fork Great Miami River
Blackhawk Run
Van Horn Creek
Muddy Creek
Rapid Run

Mill Creek
Mill Creek
West Fork Mill Creek
Ross Run
Fox Run
Sharon Creek
East Fork Mill Creek

Little Miami River
Little Miami River
East Fork Little Miami River
Solomon Run
Turtle Creek
Halls Creek
Todd Fork
First Creek
Caesar Creek
Massies Creek

Fivemile Creek
Fivemile Creek
Eightmile Creek
Tenmile Creek
Ninemile Creek
Pond Run
Twelvemile Creek
Fagin Run
Ferguson Run
Briggs Run
Little Indian Creek
Boat Run
Indian Creek
Dry Run
Colclaser Run
Sugar Creek
North Fork Indian Creek
South Fork Indian Creek
Bee Run
Little Indian Creek
Ray Run
Maple Creek
Vinegar Run
Bear Creek
Crooked Run
Patterson Run
Ryan Run
Bullskin Creek
Big Run
Slickaway Run
East Branch Bullskin Creek
Middle Branch Bullskin Creek
West Branch Bullskin Creek
Painter Fork
Moon Hollow Run
Miranda Run
Hog Run

Whiteoak Creek
Whiteoak Creek
Big Run
Lyon Run
Boat Run
Cochran Run
Ross Run
Opossum Run
Town Run
Walnut Creek
Indian Run
Unity Creek
Miranda Run
Shot Pouch Run
Sterling Run
Snapping Turtle Run
Plum Creek
Goose Run
East Fork Whiteoak Creek
Turkeyhole Run
Browns Run
Middle Run
Slabcamp Run
Twin Run
Bells Run
Plum Run
Sugar Run
North Fork Whiteoak Creek
Flat Run
Brush Run
Yellow Run
Ruble Run
Indian Run
Little North Fork Whiteoak Creek
Lick Run
Stony Branch
Barr Run
Straight Creek
Sink Creek
Rangle Run
Sheep Run
Campbell Run
Evans Run
Brady Run
Washburn Run
Bull Run
Scott Run
Camp Run
Myers Run
Rocky Run
Honey Run
West Fork Straight Creek
Buck Run
Sycamore Run
Levanna Branch
Cornick Run
Myers Run
Redoak Creek
West Fork Redoak Creek
Sutherland Run

Eagle Creek
Eagle Creek
Baylor Run
Beetle Creek
Lafferty Run
Indian Lick
Brushy Fork
Suck Run
Wild Duck Branch
East Fork Eagle Creek
Town Branch
Washburn Run
Ada Run
Hills Fork
Lick Run
Gordon Run
Hannah Run
West Fork Eagle Creek
Rattlesnake Creek
Northwest Fork Eagle Creek
Threemile Creek
Slickaway Run
Big Run
Dry Run
Morley Run
Fishing Gut Creek
Little Threemile Creek
Lickskillet Branch
Buzzardroost Creek
Elk Run
McClelland Run
Bradford Run
Isaacs Creek
Island Creek
Lindsey Creek
Ellison Run
Donaldson Run
Cummings Creek
Lower Sister Creek
Upper Sister Creek
Spring Run

Ohio Brush Creek
Ohio Brush Creek
Asher Run
Waggoner Run
Mackenzie Run
Black Run
Beasley Fork
Moore Run
Soldiers Run
Easter Run
Cedar Run
Semple Run
Lick Fork
Treber Run
Cave Run
Bundle Run
West Fork Ohio Brush Creek
Spoon River
Georges Creek
Big Run
Cherry Fork
Grace Run
Martins Run
Gregg Run
Buck Run
Little West Fork Ohio Brush Creek
Elk Fork
Turkey Run
Shimer Run
Little East Fork Ohio Brush Creek
Wolf Creek
Crooked Creek
Weasel Run
Baker Fork
Middle Fork
Cow Run
Setty Branch
Cox Branch
Straight Creek
Muddy Fork
Kerr Run
Flat Run
Elm Run
Elk Run
Bee Run
Rock Lick
Lost Fork
Alex Run
Smokey Creek
Stout Run
Cattail Run
Russell Fork
Tracey Run
Puntenney Run
Southdown Fork
Pine Fork
Black Walnut Fork
Long Lick Run
Wikoff Run
Sulphur Creek
Little Sulphur Creek
Gilpen Creek
McCall Run
Rock Run
Lower Twin Creek
Sugarcamp Run
Vastine Run
Upper Twin Creek
Boland Run
Dry Run
Tucker Run
East Fork Upper Twin Creek
Jake Run
Bald Knob Run
Brushy Fork
Horner Branch
Moore Run
Spencer Run
McAtee Run
Old Pond Run
Mundy Run
Pond Run
East Fork Pond Run
Middle Fork Pond Run
Grass Lick Run
McBride Run
Gabe Run
Brushy Fork
Nace Run
Turkey Creek
Brouse Run
Vaughters Run
Stony Run
Lower Lick Stony Run
Upper Lick Stony Run
Worley Run
Rabbit Run
Odell Run
Pond Lick Run
Rock Lick
Brush Fork
Wes Run
Barbara Run
Buck Lick
Harber Fork
Mackletree Run
Plummer Fork
Lampblack Run
Old Lade Run
Scantling Run
Rock Lick
Wolfden Run
Carey Run
Bellamy Run
Slab Run
Lousy Run
Hyggen Run

Scioto River
Scioto River
Scioto Brush Creek
Salt Creek
Paint Creek
Rattlesnake Creek
Kinnikinnick Creek
Big Darby Creek
Walnut Creek
Big Walnut Creek
Alum Creek
Blacklick Creek
Olentangy River
Little Scioto River (tributary of Scioto River tributary)
Honey Creek
Rock Fork
Long Branch
Zeig Ditch
Rush Creek
McDonald Creek
Dudley Run
Big Swale
Rocky Fork
Wildcat Creek
Ash Run
South Wildcat Creek
Panther Creek
Jims Creek
Wolf Creek
Garwood Creek
Gander Run
Manlove Run
Taylor Creek
Silver Creek
Jordan Run
Batchlet Run
Payden Run
McCoy Run
Cooney Ditch
Cottonwood Ditch
Twin Branches
Dunlap Creek
Elder Creek
Poe Ditch
Wallace Fork
Munn Run

Little Scioto River (tributary of Ohio River tributary)
Little Scioto River (tributary of Ohio River tributary)
Swauger Valley Run
Bonser Run
Plum Fork
Oven Lick
Dry Run
Frederick Creek
Skull Creek
Falls Creek
Rocky Fork
Long Run
Harrison Furnace Creek
Tattle Creek
Yankee Run
Sweet Run
Higgins Run
McConnel Creek
Bull Creek
Blue Run
Back Run
Buck Run
Fallen Timber Creek
Hunting Run
Owl Creek
Sand Run
Laurel Lick Run
Blue Ash Run
Bear Run
Holland Fork
Bucklick Creek
Little Bucklick Creek
Tattle Creek
Scaffold Lick
Laurel Fork
Buckhorn Creek
Sugarcamp Creek
Jacko Run
Millstone Run
Glade Run
Dry Run
Polecat Creek
McDowell Creek
Brushy Fork

Pine Creek
Pine Creek
Lick Run
Sugar Creek
North Fork Lick Run
Duck Creek
Poplar Fork
Sperry Fork
Union Branch
Little Pine Creek
Darby Creek
Cannons Creek
Cooney Branch
Bear Run
Turkeyfoot Run
Howard Run
Hales Creek
Brady Run
Jackson Fork
Youngs Branch
Brushy Fork
Olive Creek
Afro-American Creek
Painter Creek
Patton Run
Ginat Creek
Gervais Run
Norman Run
Osburn Run
Storms Creek
Little Storms Creek
Hecla Branch
Paddle Fork
Ice Creek
Hog Run
Little Ice Creek
Sugar Creek
Turkey Fork
Ned Fork
Dog Fork
Lick Creek
Salliday Creek
Buffalo Creek

Symmes Creek
Symmes Creek

Raccoon Creek
Raccoon Creek
Little Raccoon Creek
Deer Creek
Indian Creek
Beaver Creek

Leading Creek
Leading Creek

Shade River
Shade River
East Branch Shade River
Middle Branch Shade River
West Branch Shade River

Hocking River
Hocking River
Federal Creek
Margaret Creek
Sunday Creek
Monday Creek
Clear Creek
Rush Creek
Swan Run
Dunfee Run
Sawyer Run

Little Hocking River
Little Hocking River
West Branch Little Hocking River
Laurel Run
Gilbert Run
Burnett Run
Falls Creek
Little West Branch
Mill Branch
East Branch Little Hocking River
Tupper Creek
Davis Creek
Congress Run
Crooked Run
Mile Run
Dodge Run

Muskingum River
Muskingum River
Cat Creek
Big Run
Wolf Creek
Olive Green

Meigs Creek
Meigs Creek
Meigs Creek
Salt Creek
Moxahala Creek

Licking River
Licking River
Licking River
Timber Run
Joes Run
Bartlett Run
Big Run
Poverty Run
Stump Run
Brushy Fork
Rocky Fork
Bowling Green Run
Shawnee Run
North Fork Licking River
Log Pond Run
Dry Creek
Clear Fork Licking River
Dog Hollow Run
North Fork Licking River
 Sycamore Creek
 Tuma Run
 Vance Creek
 Otter Fork Licking River
 Bowl Run
 Webster Run
 Ford Creek
Lake Fork Licking River
Sugar Creek
Reynolds Creek
South Fork Licking River
Raccoon Creek
Lobdell Creek
Moots Run
Simpson Run
Pet Run
Cornell Run
Kiber Run

Wakatomika Creek

 Wakatomika Creek
 Wakatomika Creek
 Little Wakatomika Creek

Wills Creek
Wills Creek
Salt Fork
Crooked Creek
Leatherwood Creek
Seneca Fork

Tuscarawas River
Tuscarawas River
Stillwater Creek
Little Stillwater Creek
Sugar Creek
Conotton Creek
Huff Run
Beggar Run
Dog Run
Indian Fork
Elliott Run
Dellroy Creek
Messer Run aka Willow Run
Pleasant Valley Run
Cold Spring Run
Town Creek
Gant Creek
Thompson Run
Holmes Run
McGuire Creek
Scott Run
Dining Fork
Irish Creek
Jefferson Creek
Sandy Creek
Nimishillen Creek
Middle Branch Nimishillen Creek
East Branch Nimishillen Creek
West Branch Nimishillen Creek
Indian Run
Little Sandy Creek
Middle Run
Armstrong Run
Pipe Run
Hugle Run
Still Fork
Middle Branch Sandy Creek
Conser Run
Sippo Creek
Newman Creek
Chippewa Creek
Styx River
Wolf Creek

Walhonding River
Walhonding River
Mill Creek
Killbuck Creek

Kokosing River
Kokosing River
North Branch Kokosing River

Mohican River
Mohican River
Lake Fork Mohican River
Muddy Fork Mohican River
Jerome Fork
Black Fork Mohican River
Rocky Fork
Clear Fork Mohican River
Cedar Fork

Duck Creek
Duck Creek
Unnamed Stream
Burch's Run
Afro-American Run
Sugar Creek
Reeds Run
Whipple Run
East Fork Duck Creek
Pawpaw Creek
Middle Fork Duck Creek
Otterslide Creek
Mare Run
Camp Run
Rocky Run
Creighton Run
Road Fork
Flag Run
Schwab Run
Elk Fork
Greasy Run
McBride Run
Barnes Run
West Branch East Fork Duck Creek
Wolfpen Run
West Fork Duck Creek
Goose Hollow
Buffalo Run
Warren Run
Elk Run
Otter Run
Dog Run
Wolf Run
Johnny Woods River
Lick Run

Little Muskingum River
Little Muskingum River
Mill Run
Coal Run
Lick Run
Long Run
Eightmile Creek
Potpie Run
Cow Run
Moss Run
Baker Run
Fifteen Mile Creek
Goss Fork
Deans Fork
Sycamore Fork
Bear Run
Hog Run
Archers Fork
Ward Branch
Coal Run
Cady Run
Jackson Run
Irish Run
Wingett Run
Haught Run
Sackett Run
Tice Run
Wilson Run
Clear Fork
Witten Run
Rias Run
Indian Run
Robinson Run
Death Run
Devoa Run
Oldcamp Run
Straight Fork
Browns Run
Biglick Run
Pigeonroost Run
Rockcamp Run
Laurel Run
Witten Fork
Trail Run
Dogskin Run
Wildcat Run
Dismal Creek
Walnutcamp Run
Alum Run
Millers Fork
Woods Run
Coal Run
Haren Run
Buhrs Run
Wolfpen Run
Town Fork
Rich Fork
Left Prong
Brister Fork
Cranenest Fork
Mutton Run

Sheets Run
Sheets Run
Allen Run
Bells Run
Newell Run
Northup Run
Kerr Run
Bolivian Run
Danas Run
Reynolds Run
Davis Run
Reas Run
Leith Run
Sheets Run
Collins Run
Mill Creek
Jims Run
Miller Run
Deadhorse Run
Parker Run
Barnes Run
Narrows Run
Patton Run
Pool Run
Havely Run
Texas Creek
Bares Run
Fisher Run
Ueltsch Run
Narrows Run
Littman Run
Muhleman Run

Opossum Creek
Opossum Creek
Gilmore Run
Alum Creek
Watkins Fork
Pine Run
Oliver Run
Wildcat Run
Bishop Creek

Sunfish Creek
Sunfish Creek
Afro-American Run
Paine Run
Ackerson Run
Piney Fork
East Fork Piney Fork
Standingstone Run
Death Creek
Baker Fork
Grassy Creek
Wheeler Run
Gardner Run
Stillhouse Run
Blair Run
Big Run

Captina Creek
Captina Creek
Cat Run
Moore Run
Peavine Run
Rocky Fork
Anderson Run
Bend Fork
Millers Run
Joy Fork
Packsaddle Run
Crabapple Creek
Piney Creek
Long Run
Casey Run
Berrys Run
Reeves Hollow
Mikes Run
South Fork Captina Creek
Brushy Creek
Flag Run
Cranenest Creek
Millers Run
Slope Creek
North Fork Captina Creek
Jakes Run
Long Run
Little Captina Creek
Pipe Creek
Big Run
Wegee Creek

McMahon Creek
McMahon Creek
Brooks Run
Trough Run
Rock Run
Little McMahon Creek
Stillhouse Run
Kings Run
Aults Run
Chambers Run
Williams Creek
Welsh Run
Porterfield Run
Hutchison Run
Neffs Run
Anderson Run
Brush Run
Roberts Run
Barcamp Creek
Indian Run
Whiskey Run
Moore Run

Wheeling Creek
Wheeling Creek
Frazier Run
Slaughterhouse Run
Flat Run
McMonies Run
Steep Run
Town Run
Fall Run
Jug Run
Sloan Run
Cox Run
Patton Run
Pogue Run
Loves Run
McCracken Run
Crabapple Creek
Campbell Creek
Ross Run
Glenns Run
Nixon Run
Patton Run
Buckeye Run
Patton Run
Deep Run

Short Creek
Short Creek
Williamson Run
Little Short Creek
Parkers Run
Coal Run
Jug Run
Dry Fork
Piney Fork
Cabbage Fork
Henderson Creek
Thompson Creek
Little Piney Fork
Harrah Run
Long Run
Perrin Run
Goose Run
North Fork Short Creek
Coal Run
Flag Run
Skelley Run
Middle Fork Short Creek
South Fork Short Creek
Little Rush Run
Rush Run
Blues Run
Salt Run
Tarrs Run

Cross Creek
Cross Creek
Dry Fork
McIntyre Creek
Longs Run
Polecat Hollow
Slabcamp Creek
Slab Run
Little McIntyre Creek
Cedar Lick Run
Cedar Lick Creek
Salem Creek
Grassy Run
Lea Branch
North Branch Cross Creek
Wells Run
Permars Run
Wills Creek
Rush Run
Cedar Creek
North Fork Wills Creek
Island Creek
Little Island Creek
Hale Run
Shelley Run
Croxton Run
Jeremy Run
Goose Run
Brimstone Run

Yellow Creek
Yellow Creek
Rocky Run
Hollow Rock Run
Tarburner Run
Carter Run
North Fork Yellow Creek
Dry Run
Salt Run
Salibury Run
Nancy Run
Roses Run
Riley Run
Brush Creek
Dennis Run
Roach Run
Lowery Run
Town Fork
Dry Run
Culp Run
Rippy Run
Long Run
Hildebrand Run
Roach Run
Ralston Run
Mathews Run
Upper North Fork Yellow Creek
Hump Run
Burgett Run
Carroll Run
Hazel Run
Elkhorn Creek
Strawcamp Run
Center Fork Elkhorn Creek
Trail Run
Frog Run
Wolf Creek
Cox Creek
Goose Creek
Elk Fork
Elk Lick
McQueen Run
Little Yellow Creek
Alder Lick Run
Wells Run
California Hollow

Little Beaver Creek
Little Beaver Creek
Island Run
Bieler Run
North Fork Little Beaver Creek
Pine Run
Brush Run
Bull Creek
Leslie Run
Sulphur Run
Little Bull Creek
Turkey Run
Coalbank Run
Painters Run
Dilworth Run
McCautry Run
Jordan Run
Madden Run
Beaverdam Run
Honey Creek
Harman Run
Rough Run
Longs Run
Middle Fork Little Beaver Creek
Turkeyfoot Run
Pine Run
Elk Run
Middle Run
Stone Mill Run
East Branch Middle Fork Little Beaver Creek
Cherry Valley Run
West Fork Little Beaver Creek
Patterson Creek
Peters Run
Brush Creek
McCormick Run
Big Creek
Williard Run
Cold Run

Mahoning River
Mahoning River
Hickory Creek
Coffee Run
Grays Run
Hines Run
Godward Run
Yellow Creek
Mill Creek
Burgess Run
Pine Hollow Creek
Dry Run
Crab Creek
Kimmel Brook
Mill Creek
Bears Den Run
Ax Factory Run
Andersons Run
Cranberry Run
Indian Run
Saw Mill Run
Turkey Creek
Fourmile Run
Squaw Creek
Meander Creek
Morrison Creek
Sawmill Creek
West Branch Meander Creek
Mosquito Creek
Spring Run
Big Run
Confusion Run
Walnut Creek
Mud Creek
Smith Run
Mud Creek
Red Run
Duck Creek
Little Duck Creek
East Branch Duck Creek
Chocolate Run
Eagle Creek
Tinker Creek
Nelson Ditch
South Fork Eagle Creek
Sand Creek
Camp Creek
Silver Creek
Black Creek
West Branch Mahoning River
Silver Creek
Hinkley Creek
Bixon Creek
Barrel Run
Harmon Brook
Kale Creek
Charley Run Creek
Mill Creek
Turkey Broth Creek
Island Creek
Willow Creek
Deer Creek
Beech Creek
Little Beech Creek
Fish Creek
Beaver Run

Shenango River
Shenango River
Deer Creek
Little Yankee Creek
Little Deer Creek
Yankee Creek
South Branch Yankee Run
Pymatuning Creek
Booth Run
Mill Creek
Stratton Creek
Maple Creek
Sugar Creek
Berry Creek
Clear Creek
Sugar Run
McMichael Creek
Black Creek
Gravel Run

See also

List of rivers in the United States

References

External links

Ohio

Rivers

List of rivers of Ohio


Die 28. Czech International 1999 im Badminton fanden vom 30. September bis zum 3. Oktober 1999 in Nymburk statt.

Sieger und Platzierte

Weblinks
 http://www.tournamentsoftware.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=E39E8688-B783-4020-A56D-0ED58770DDEC

1999
Badminton 1999
Okres Nymburk
EBU Circuit 1999/2000

Czech International 1999


بانيل نيوكليتا (بالرومانية:Bănel Nicoliţă) هو لاعب كرة قدم روماني.

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مدربو كرة قدم رومانيون
مواليد 1985

بانيل نيكوليتسا


تُعد الشفعة من الحقوق القديمة التي تكفل للشريك أو الجار عدم تسبب الضرر من شريكه أو جاره بإحدى النواحي، فهي تقوم على زيادة متانة علاقات المجتمع فيما بينهم، وعيش الأفراد حياةً أنسب، حسب تفضيلاتهم.

تعريف

الشفعة لغةً: الشفع خلاف الوَتْر وهو الزوج تقول كانَ وَتْراً فَشَفَعْتُه شَفْعاً وشَفَعَ الوَتْرَ من العَدَدِ شَفْعاً صيَّره زَوْجاً، وقال القتيبي في تفسير الشُّفْعة كان الرجل في الجاهلية إِذا أَراد بَيْعَ منزل أَتاه رجل فشَفَع إِليه فيما باعَ فَشَفَّعَهُ وجَعَله أَولى بالمَبِيعِ ممن بَعُدَ سَبَبُه فسميت شُفْعَةً وسُمِّي طالبها شَفِيعاً وفي الحديث الشُّفْعَةُ في كُلّ ما يُقْسَمُ الشفعة في الملك معروفة وهي مشتقة من الزيادة لأَن الشفِيع يضم المبيع إِلى ملكه فَيَشْفَعُه به كأَنه كان واحداً وتراً فصار زوجاً شفعاً.

الشفعة اصطلاحًا: حق تملك العقار المبيع جبراً عن المشتري، بما قام عليه، من ثمن وتكاليف (أي النفقات التي أنفقها) لدفع ضرر الشريك الدخيل أو الجوار.

دليل مشروعيتها

من السنة
عن جابرقال: ((قضى رسول الله بالشفعة فيما لم يقسم، فإذا وقعت الحدود، وصُرِّفت الطرق، فلا شفعة)).

وقوله : ((الجار أحق بشفعة جاره يُنْتَظَرُ بها وإن كان غائباً إذا كان طريقهما واحداً)).
وعن جابر قال: قال رسول : ((من كان له شريك في ربعة أو نخل فليس له أن يبيع حتى يؤذن شريكه فإن رضي أخذ وإن كره ترك)).

الإجماع
أجمع العلماء على الشفعة للشريك في الأرض أو الدار أو البستان. ولم يخالف هذا الإجماع إلا الأصم. ورُدَّ عليه بأن قوله ليس بشيء لمخالفته الآثار الثابتة والإجماع المنعقد قبله.

أركان الشفعة

1- الآخذ (ويسمى الشفيع، وهو الذي له حق الشفعة).

2- المأخوذ منه (ويسمى المشفوع عليه: وهو الذي انتقل إليه ملك نصيب الشريك القديم).

3- المأخوذ (ويسمى المشفوع فيه، وهو الشيء الذي يريد الشفيع أن يتملكه بالشفعة).

وزاد المالكية ركنًا رابعًا: هو الصيغة.

أما عند الحنفية، فركن الشفعة هو أخذ الشفيع من أحدِ المتعاقدين عند وجود سببها وشرطها.

أما السبب فهو اتصال الملك، وأما الشرط فهو كون المحل عقارًا.

الشفعة في المنقولات
لا تصح الشفعة في المنقولات، ومثالها الحيوان والمتاع. ذلك أنَّ الشفعة ثبتت لدفع الضرر المحتمل بالشريك الجديد السيء (وبالجار السيء عند الحنفية) بسبب الاستمرار والدوام الحاصل في الشراكة، والمنقول لا يدوم، بخلاف العقار، فيتأبد فيه ضرر المشاركة.

الشفعة في الزرع والثمر والشجر
- لا تثبت الشفعة (باستثناء عند المالكية) في كل ما ليس بعقار كالشجر المفرد عن الأرض، إلا إن كان تبعًا في البيع للأرض، وجبت الشفعة فيه.

- عند الشافعية: يتبع الأرض الثمر الذي لم يؤبر.

- عند الحنابلة: اتبعوا الغراس والبناء بالأرض. ولم يتبعوا الزرع والثمرة بها.

- المالكية: أجازوا الشفعة في البناء والشجر إذا بيع أحدهما مستقلًا عن الأرض؛ لأن كلًا منهما عندهم عقار. وأجازوا الشفعة في الثمار (الفاكهة) والخضر، كالقِثَّاء، والبطيخ والخيار. واشترطوا في الثمرة المأخوذة بالشفعة منفردة: أن تكون موجودة حين الشراء، بشرط كونها مؤبرة.

ولم يجز المالكية الشفعة في زرع كالقمح والكتان، ولا فيما ينزع أصله كفجل وجزر وبصل.

الشفيع

الجار
في المذهب الحنفي: الشفيع هو الشريك، أو الجار. ورأي للجمهور: في أن الشفيع هو الشريك فقط.
واستدل الأحناف في مشروعية الشفعة، والتي منها: ((جار الدار أحق بسقبه)). و ((جار الدار أحق بدار الجار، والأرض)). و ((الجار أحق بشفعته)).

الذمي على المسلم
في المذهب الشافعي والمالكي والظاهري: تثبت الشفعة للذمي على المسلم، كما قال الحنفية.
في المذهب الحنبلي: لا تثبت عند الحنابلة في بيع عقار لمسلم، استدلالًا بحديث رسول الله : ((لا شفعة لنصراني)).

الذمي على الذمي
في المذهب الشافعي والحنفي والمالكي تثبت الشفعة للذمي على الذمي، لأنهما متساويان في الدين والحرمة.

مراتب الشفعة
1- واجبة للخليط (الشريك) في نفس المبيع.

2- في حال لم يكن هنالك شريك، أو كان لكنه تنازل عن الشفعة، فهي تثبت للشريك في حق من حقوق الارتفاق الخاصة بالمبيع. أي مثلًا له شركة في حقٍ من حقوق العقار (وليس في العقار نفسه) كالشرب والطريق.

3- تثبت بعد ذلك لجار ملاصق.

كيفية التوزيع عند تزاحم الشفعاء
1- إن لم يكونوا من مرتبة واحدة:

فمثلًا إن كان أحدهم شريكًا، وآخر شريكًا في حق الارتفاق، وآخر جارًا ملاصقًا، فيقدم الشريك في المبيع أولًا، ثم الشريك في حق المبيع (حق الارتفاق)، ثم الجار.

- المشارك في حائط الدار في حكم المشارك في الدار نفسها.

- يعد صاحب الأخشاب الممتدة على حائط جاره جارًا ملاصقًا، وكذلك الجار الأعلى والأسفل. – يُعدُّ حق الشرب مقدم على حق الطريق. وإذا باع صاحب الملك أرضه فقط دون بيع حق الارتفاق فلا شفعة للشركاء في حق الارتفاق.

2- الشفعاء من مرتبة واحدة:
عند الحنفية والظاهرية: يقسم حينها العقار حسب عدد الشافعين، دون النظر لمقدار ملك كل واحدٍ منهم. وذلك لأنهم متساوون في سبب استحقاق الشفعة.

وقال الجمهور (غير الحنفية والظاهرية): يقسم العقار بين الشفعاء حسب قدر حصصهم في الملك، لا عليهم بالتساوي؛ لأن الشفعة نشأت بسبب الملك.

3- غيبة بعض الشفعاء:

- في حال غياب بعض الشفعاء حين البيع، وطلب الآخرون الشفعة فتُعطى له، لأنه من اليقين أن ذلك الشفيع يريد الشفعة، بينما الغائب مشكوك في طلبه. فلا يزاحم المتيقن، ولا يؤخر بالشك.

- لكن إذا جاء الغائب وطلب الشفعة، فإن كان من نفس مرتبة الشفيع الأول الحاضر يتقاسم معه الشفعة، فتنتقض القسمة الأولى لها. بينما إن لم يكن من نفس المرتبة فهنالك حالتان، إن كان أعلى منع قضي له بكل الشفعة ومُنع الأول، وإن كان أدنى منه حُرم من الشفعة.

4- إسقاط بعض الشفعاء حقه:
قال الحنفية: إذ أسقط بعض الشفعاء حقه:

 إن أسقطوا حقهم قبل أن يقضى لهم، فللبقية أخذ كل المشفوع فيه.
 وإن أسقطوا حقهم بعد القضاء بالشفعة، فليس للبقية أخذ نصيب التارك.

طرق تملك الشفعة
كما ذكرنا، فللشفيع الحق في امتلاك الشفعة، فإما يتملكها من المشتري بالتراضي، أو يأخذها بالقضاء إن لم يعطه إياها.

ما يلزم الشفيع دفعه
1- الثمن الواجب دفعه:

يأخذ الشفيع المبيع بنفس مقدار الثمن الذي تملك به المشتري، لا بمثل المبيع الذي يملكه المشتري؛ لأن الشرع أثبت للشفيع ولاية التملك على المشتري بمثل ما يملك به قدرًا وجنسًا، لحديث جابر  ((فهو أحق به بالثمن))، كما يتوجب عليه دفع ما أنفقه المشتري كأجرة دلال وكاتب ورسوم.

 في حالة مقايضة عقار بعقار:

إن كان لهما نفس الشفيع: يأخذ الشفيع كل واحد من العقارين بقيمة الآخر.

إن اختلف شفيعهما: يأخذ شفيع كل منهما حقه في الشفعة بقيمة الآخر (أي يمكن أن يقيم أحدهما فقط).

 إن اشترى ذمي دارًا بخمر أو خنزير:

فإن كان الشفيع ذميًا، أخذها بمثل الخمر، وقيمة الخنزير، وإن كان الشفيع مسلمًا أخذها عند غير الحنابلة بقيمة الخمر والخنزير.

2- الحط من الثمن أو الزيادة عليه:
قال الحنفية:

 في حال حسم البائع للمشتري بعض الثمن (سواء قبل الأخذ بالشفعة أم بعدها)، يحق للشفيع الأخذ بهذا الحسم؛ لأن هذا الحسم يلتحق بأصل العقد، فيكون حقًا للشفيع؛ لأنه يأخذ الشفعة بالثمن، والثمن هو الباقي المستقر عليه.
 أما إن حط البائع عن المشتري جميع الثمن، لا يسقط عن الشفيع منه شيء؛ لأن ذلك ليس أصلًا في العقود، فخرج عقد البيع عن موضوعه، أي أصبح هبةً وليس بيعًا.
 إذا زاد المشتري البائع في الثمن، أو جَدَّد العقد بأكثر من الثمن الأول: في هذه الحالة لا يلزم الشفيع بتلك الزيادة الطارئة، وذلك لحقه أخذ المشفوع فيه بثمنه الأول، بخلاف حالة حط جزء من الثمن، لأن فيه منفعة له.

3- تأجيل الثمن:

عند معظم الشافعية.: إذا قام البائع بتأجيل جزءٍ من الثمن، أو كله للمشتري، فلا يحق للشفيع الاستفادة من ذلك التأجيل، فيكون الشفيع حينها بالخيار، إما يدفع الثمن كاملًا ويستلم المبيع (أو حصته منه) أو يصبر حتى ينقضي الأجل، دون سقوط حقه في الشفعة، إلا أنه عليه طلب الشفعة عند انتهاء الأجل وإلا سقط حقه فيها عند ذلك.

عند المالكية والحنابلة: يحق للشفيع الاستفادة من تأجيل الثمن الذي قدمه البائع للمشتري في حال كان مليئًا ثقة، أو في حال كفله مليء ثقة. لكن إن لم يكن موسرًا، ولا ضمنه مليء، يجب عليه دفع الثمن حالًا، خشية ألا يتحقق للمشتري حقه في وقته.

4- هل يتوقف القضاء بالشفعة على دفع الشفيع الثمن؟

إحضار الثمن من قبل الشفيع لا يُعد شرطًا في التملك، فلا يجب أن يتوقف الحكم القضائي على ذلك، ذلك أنَّ حقه ثبت بمجرد بيع المالك لشخصٍ أجنبي، فكما أنما أصبح عقد الشراء له مباشرةً.

5- اختلاف الشفيع والمشتري في قدر الثمن:
في حال حصل خلاف على مقدار الثمن المتفق عليه بين الشفيع والمشتري، فادعى الشفيع ثمنًا أقل مما ادعاه المشتري فهنا يكون القول قول المشتري مع حلفه لليمين، لأنَّه أعلم بما اشترى، كما أنَّ القول قول المنكر مع يمينه.

لكن اشترط المالكية على الأخذ بقول المشتري بشرط، وهو أنَّ يكون الثمن الذي يذكره يقارب ثمن المشفوع فيه، وذلك حسب تقدير المقدرين.

وكذلك إذا اختلفوا هل الثمن معجل أم مؤجل. فهنا يكون القول قول المشتري (والذي يكون عادةً مؤجلًا في حال حصل خلاف).

شروط الشفعة
للأخذ بالشفعة شروط، وقع في بعضها اختلاف بين الفقهاء، وهي ما يلي:

1 – أن يكون العقار خارجًا من ملك صاحبه خروجًا باتًا، لا خيار لصاحب العقار فيه.

2 - كون العقد الحاصل بين البائع والمشتري عقد معاوضة وهو البيع وما في معناه، فلا يصح عقد الهبة مثلًا.

3 - أن يكون العقد صحيحًا، ليس فاسدًا.

4 – كون الشفيع مالكًا لما يجعله يستحق حق الشفعة، وذلك وقت الشراء ووقت القضاء.

5 – ألا يكون الشفيع راضيًا بالبيع للغريب.

 اشترط الجمهور غير الحنفية أيضًا كون الشفيع شريكًا، فلا تحق الشفعة للجار عندهم.
 واشترط الجمهور أيضًا أن يأخذ الشفيع كل المبيع، وليس جزءًا منه.

الاحتيال لإسقاط الشفعة
عند الحنفية والشافعية: يجوز الاحتيال لإسقاط الشفعة، كأن يقر له ببعض الملك ثم يبيعه الباقي.

الحنابلة والمالكية: حرموا تمامًا الاحتيال لإسقاط الشفعة، وإن فعل لم تسقط؛ لأن الغاية من مشروعيتها هي دفع الضرر عن الشفيع، فإنَّ فعل ذلك البائع بالاحتيال لترتب الضرر الذي شُرعت الشفعة لأجل منعه.

وقت وجوب الشفعة
 فور العلم بالبيع: وهذا قول الحنفية والشافعية.
 وجود متسع أمام الشفيع بعد علمه، ويصل هذا المتسع إلى السنة: وهذا قول المالكية.

مراحل طلب الشفعة

1 - طلب المواثبة: أي المبادرة والسرعة، وهو أن يطلب الشفيع حقه بالشفعة فور علمه بالبيع.

2- طلب التقرير: وهو تقديم الشفيع طلبًا آخر يؤكد به طلبه الأول.

والسبب في ذلك أنَّ الشفيع في طلبه الأول قد لا يكون متيقنًا من قدرته على ذلك، فيراجع إمكانياته المادية وظروفه، لذا لا بد من طلب التقرير لتأكيد رغبة الشفيع.
ويشترط في هذا الطلب عدة أمور:

 أن يكون على فور الطلب الأول: وتمتد مدة هذا الطلب بمقدار مدة التمكن من الإشهاد.
 الإشهاد على الطلب: فيُشهد الشفيع على رغبته بالشفعة رجلان أو رجلًا وامرأتان.

3 - طلب الخصومة والتملك: أي يقدم الشفيع طلبًا للقضاء يطلب فيه الحكم بالشفعة وتسليم المبيع.

مسقطات الشفعة
1 - بيع الشفيع ما يشفع به من عقار قبل أن يقضى له بالشفعة:

في حال قام الشفيع ببيع المشفوع فيه قبل الحكم بالشفعة له يسقط حقه فيها.

2 - تسليم الشفعة أو الرغبة عنها بعد البيع:

سواء أكان عالمًا بحقه فيها، أم غير عالم، صراحة، أم دلالة وضمنًا.

3- تجزئة المشفوع فيه:

الشفعة حق لا يقبل التجزئة، فإذا تنازل (سلم) الشفيع عن بعض المشفوع فيه كالنصف مثلًا، سقط حقه في كل المبيع.

4- ضمان الثمن: تسقط الشفعة عند الحنفية إذا ضمن الشفيع الدرك عن المشتري للبائع الثمن عند المشتري (ويسمى ضمان الدرك)؛ فهذا دليلٌ ضمني على الرضا بالبيع.

5 - وفاة الشفيع:

 عند الحنفية: تسقط الشفعة بوفاة الشفيع.
 وقد فصل الظاهرية والحنابلة في الأمر، على النحو التالي:
يمكن وراثة الشفعة في حال قام الشفيع بالإشهاد على طلبه بالمشفوع عليه، ويحق للورثة في هذه الحالة المطالبة بالشفعة.

مراجع

قانون إسلامي
فقه معاملات
قانون الملكية
مصرفية إسلامية
مصطلحات إسلامية

حق الشفعة


Jovan Ristić sau Ristitch (în , ) a fost un politician, diplomat și istoric sârb.

Biografie
Născut la Kragujevac, el a fost educat la Belgrad, Heidelberg, Berlin și Paris. După ce nu a reușit să obțină un post de profesor la Grandes écoles din Belgrad, a fost numit în anul 1861 agent diplomatic al Serbiei la Constantinopol. La întoarcerea sa de la Constantinopol, calitățile sale intelectuale strălucite au atras atenția guvernului. El a devenit cunoscut curând ca cel mai competent dintre funcționarii guvernamentali. I s-a oferit imediat un post de ministru de către prințul Mihailo, care l-a descris drept "mâna dreaptă" a sa, dar Ristić a refuzat oferta, opunându-se metodelor reacționare folosite de guvernul prințului. El devenise deja liderul recunoscut al Partidului Liberal.

Ca politician, el a observat toate pericolele cărora trebuia să le facă față în cazul în care Serbia se va angaja într-o politică de unificare a teritoriilor sale. Armata turcă, care a fost întotdeauna o forță militară de temut, i-ar fi copleșit pe sârbi, dacă ar fi fost masată la hotarele Serbiei. O invazie sârbă a provinciilor rebele ar fi însemnat, de asemenea, în cazul reușitei, un conflict cu Austro-Ungaria, în care Rusia probabil nu ar fi intervenit, în timp ce Franța nu era atunci în stare să sprijine aspirațiile de eliberare ale altor state. Reputația lui Ristić a fost consolidată de o serie de negocieri care au determinat retragerea pașnică a trupelor turcești din fortărețele sârbe în 1867. După asasinarea prințului Mihailo în 1868, a fost numit membru al consiliului de regență, iar la 2 ianuarie 1869 a fost promulgată cea de-a treia constituție sârbă, care a fost în mare parte creația sa. Când perioada regenței s-a încheiat și prințul Milan a ajuns la majorat în 1872, Ristić a devenit ministru de externe; câteva luni mai târziu a fost numit prim-ministru, dar a demisionat în toamna următoare (1873). Ulterior a izbucnit o revoltă în vechea Serbia, iar aceasta a fost urmată de o acțiune similară în Bulgaria.

Ristić a devenit din nou prim-ministru în aprilie 1876 și s-a confruntat cu o dilemă. Dacă Serbia putea să acționeze rapid și să ocupe Bosnia și Herțegovina și Serbia veche, alungarea armatei sârbe ar fi durat mai mult timp și, între timp, exemplul insurecției sârbe s-ar răspândi, probabil, pe întreg teritoriul otoman din Europa. Ristić, Stevča Mihailović, Ilija Garašanin, Nikola Hristić, Miloje Lješanin, Ljubomir Kaljević, Milivoje Petrović Blaznavac, Jovan Marinović, Milan Piroćanac, Sava Grujić și alți oameni de stat sârbi cunoșteau dintr-o experiență îndelungată că nu trebuiau să aștepte ajutorul Marilor Puteri și că trebuiau să acționeze pentru a elibera teritoriile stăpânite de otomani. Ristić a reușit să-și dea seama că dacă Serbia putea să-și mențină măcar o poziție firavă în teritoriile sârbești revendicate putea spera că va fi sprijinită în cele din urmă de Rusia. Ristić a decis deci să acționeze, iar toată clasa politică a Serbiei l-a susținut. În acest fel, el a câștigat o reputație internațională de ministru de externe în două ocazii importante (în timpul celor două războaie împotriva Turciei: iulie 1876 - martie 1877 și decembrie 1877 - martie 1878), prin promovarea unei politici expansioniste prin care spera ca Serbia să devină nucleul unui stat puternic al slavilor sudici. Au existat momente când viitorul părea nesigur. În timp ce Bulgaria a obținut granițe mult mai îndepărtate decât sperase, Serbia a obținut doar o mică rectificare a frontierelor.

La Congresul de la Berlin, Ristić a depus eforturi pentru a obține pentru Serbia avantaje mai mari decât îi fuseseră acordate prin Tratatul de la San Stefano. Secretarul său personal la congres a fost poetul și avocatul Laza Kostić. Hotărârile adoptate prin Tratatul de la Berlin prevedeau recunoașterea independenței totale a Serbiei față de Turcia și acordarea unui teritoriu de 10.000 km2. Această rectificare minoră a frontierelor i-a dezamăgit pe sârbi din cauza obstacolelor ivite acum în realizarea idealului național al unificării teritoriilor sârbești. Guvernul Ristić a devenit nepopular. El a fost forțat să demisioneze atunci când a refuzat să semneze un acord comercial cu Austria-Ungaria prin care Serbia ar fi devenit dependentă din punct de vedere economic de această țară.

În 1887 regele Milan I (care își asumase titlul de rege în 1882), neliniștit de atitudinea ostilă a Partidului Radical, l-a numit pe Ristić în fruntea unui cabinet de coaliție; a fost adoptată o nouă constituție în 1889, iar în acel an regele a abdicat în favoarea fiului său, prințul Alexandru. Ristić a devenit acum președintele consiliului de regență, încredințat cu putere în timpul minoratului tânărului rege, și a fost format un guvern radical.

În 1892, cu toate acestea, Ristić a transferat puterea guvernamentală de la Partidul Radical către Partidul Liberal, de care fusese întotdeauna legat. Acest transfer de putere și guvernarea nepopulară a politicienilor liberali au provocat nemulțumiri serioase în țară. Pe 1/13 aprilie 1893, regele Alexandru, printr-un stratagemă reușită, i-a închis pe membrii regenței și ai guvernului în palat și, declarându-se singur major, i-a rechemat la putere pe radicali.

Ristić s-a retras astfel din viața politică. A murit la Belgrad la 4 septembrie 1899. Deși a avut un temperament precaut și chibzuit, s-a remarcat printr-o voință puternică și un caracter ferm.

Lucrări

Ristić a fost autorul mai multor lucrări istorice importante:

 The External Relations of Serbia from 1848 to 1867 (Belgrad, 1887);
 Spoljašna odnošaja Srbije novijega vremena: 1868-1872 (U Štampariji KraljevineSrbije, Belgrad, 1901);
 Istoriski spisci, Vol. I; Srbija i porta posle bombardovanja Beograda, 1862-1867 (Štampano u drzavnoj štampariji, 1881);
 Poslednja godina spoljavanje politike Mihaila (Štamparija kod Proslave, 1895);
 Jedno nammesnnistvo, 1868-1872 (Štampa Lj J. Bogojevića, 1894);
 Pisma Jovana Ristića Filipu Hristiću of 1870 do 1873 i od 1877 do 1880 (Srpska kraljevska akademija, 1931);
 Diplomatska istorija Srbije: Drugi rat 1875-1878 (Slovo ljabve, 1898)
 A Diplomatic History of Serbia (Belgrad, 1896).
 Die neuere Literatur der Serbien -- publicată de F. Schuster & co. în 1852. Also, another German work,
 Kurze Charakteristik des geistigen u sittlichen Zustands von Serbien (H. Rieger, 1850).

Jovan Ristić a fost membru al Academiei Regale Sârbe de Științe și Arte din Belgrad.

Amintirea sa
Jovan Ristić a fost inclus în topul 100 al celor mai mari sârbi.

Note

 Atribuire

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1831
Decese în 1899
Sârbi din secolul al XIX-lea
Prim-miniștri ai Serbiei

Jovan Ristić


Mulford est une communauté non incorporée située dans le Comté de Garfield dans l'état du Colorado.

Sa population était de  en 2010.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Comté de Garfield (Colorado)

Mulford (Colorado)


කෑම පෙට්ටි රැගෙන යන්නා යනු නගර අවට ගම් දනව් හි පදිංචිව සිට රැකියා සඳහා නගරයට දිනපතා ගමන්කල ලාංකික වෘත්තිකයන්ට විසිවන සියවසෙහි අගභාගයෙහිදී ඉමහත් පහසුවක් ගෙන දුන්නාවූ තවත් වෘත්තිකයෙකි. උදෑසනින් තම රැකියාව සඳහා  දුම්රියෙන්  හෝ බස්රියෙන් නගරයට පැමිණෙන වෘත්තිකයන්ගේ දිවා ආහාරය ඔවුන්ගේ නිවෙස් වෙතින් භාරගෙන ඔවුන්ගේ සේවා ස්ථානයට රැගෙන විත් දීම හා දිවා ආහාර විවේකයෙන් පසුව එම ආහාර බඳුන් (එකල භාවිතා වූයේ පිඟන් දෙකකි) නැවත එම වෘත්තිකයාගේ නිවෙස වෙතට ගෙන ගොස් දීම මෙම කෑම පෙට්ටි රැගෙන යන්නාගේ කාර්යය විය. මෙම පුද්ගලයන් විශාල සංඛ්‍යාවක් එකල ලංකාවේ නගර වෙත ගමනෙහි යෙදෙමින් මෙම වෘත්තියෙහි නියැළුනු අතර ගමනාගමනය සඳහා දුම්රිය හා බස්රිය මෙන්ම පා පැදියද භාවිත කලහ. යම් නිවෙසකින් කෑම පෙටිටිය භාර ගන්නා පුද්ගලයා හා ගෙහිමියාගේ කාර්යාලයයට එම කෑම පෙට්ටිය භාර දෙන්නා බොහෝ විට පුද්ගලයන් දෙදෙනෙක් වන අතර, ඒ අතරතුර තවත් බොහෝ අයවළුන් අතින් අතට මෙම කෑම පෙට්ටිය හුවමාරු වෙයි. ක්‍රමවත් ලෙස ක්‍රියාත්මක වූ කිසියම් ජාලයක අග්‍ර අතරෙහි කෑම පෙට්ටිය සැරිසරන අතර නිවෙසක සිට නිවැරැදි කාර්යාලයට අහර බඳුනද කාර්යාලයක මිට නිවැරැදි නිවෙසට හිස් බඳුනද  ගෙන යාමට එම ජාලය නිරොතුරුවම සමත් විය.

අවශ්‍යතාවය
එකල බොහෝ වෘත්තිකයන් පුරුෂයන් වූහ. සමහරක් කාර්යාලයන්හී ලිපිකාරිනියන්, ලඝුලේඛිකාවන් වැන්නන්ද කොළඹ විදුලි සංදේශ කාර්යාලයෙහි දුරකතන පුවරුවෙහි සේවයකල කාන්තාවන්ද හැරුනු කලෙක, ගුරුවරියන් මෙහිදී අමතක කරන ලදි, වෘත්තික කාන්තාවන්ට වඩා ඉහල ප්‍රතිශතයක් ගෘහනියන් ලංකාවෙහි සිටියහ. මෙම කාලයෙහි ගෘහනියකගේ දෛනික ක්‍රියා කලාපයට, අළුයමින් ලිප ගිනි මෙලවා බත් ව්‍යංජන සකස් කිරීම අයත් නොවීය. සමහරක් ගෘහයන්හී උදය ආහාරය ලෙසින් කිරිබත්, දිය බත්, සුළු බත්. පිට්ටුල ඉඳි ආප්ප ආදිය පිළියෙල කෙරුනද සමහරක් නිවෙස්හි උදය ආහාරය පාන් ඇසුරෙන් පිරිමැසිනි. කාර්යාල සේවයක් හෝ කර්මාන්තයක් හෝ සඳහා  උදෑසන නිවෙසින් පිටත්වන්නේ  ගෘහ මූලිකයා පමණක් වන අතර දහවල් ආහාරය උදෑසනින් පිළියෙල කිරීම සිරිතක් නොවීය.
සැහැල්ලු උදය ආහාරය පිළියෙල කිරීම හැරුණු විට ලමා ලපටින් පැසැල් යැවීමට පිළියෙල කිරීම ආදිය ගෘහනියකගේ දෛනික රාජකාරියෙහි මුල් කොටසට අයත් වූ බැවින්ද දහවල් ආහාරය පිළියෙල කිරීමෙහි සංකීර්ණ ක්‍රියාවලියට උදෑසනින් කාලය මිඩංගු කිරීම අපහසු විය. දහවල් ආහාරය පිළියෙල කිරීම සංකීර්ණ ක්‍රියාවලියක් වූයේ සහල් පොලා සුන්සාල් ඉවත්කොට, වී ඇහිඳ, කළු ඇට ඉවත් කොට, නෑඹිලියකින් ගරා ගල් ඉවත් කොට, මිරිස්,  කහ සහ තුනපහ මිරිස් ගල ඇසුරින් අඹරා සකස්කොට මාළු වෙළෙන්දා පැමිණි විට එය මලදී ගෙන එළවළු වෙළෙන්දියගෙන් ඒවා ද මිලදී ගෙන ආදී වශයෙන් සැම දිනකම සිදුකල යුතු කර්වයන් රැසක එකතුවක් නිසා විය. මෙ නිසා දහවල් බත නිමැවෙන විට ගෙහිමියා කාර්යාලයට පිවිස බොහෝ වේලා ගත වී නිමවී තිබිණ.
තැන තැන ආපනශාලා තිබුනද, කාර්යාල සේවකයින් ඒවායින් දිවා ආහාර ගැනුම ප්‍රචලිත නොවීය. වියදම අධික වීම, කාලය වැයවීම, සෞඛ්‍ය ආරක්ෂිත බවේ ගැටළු ආදිය බලපෑ නමුත් භාර්යාව පිළියෙල කල ආහාර වැළඳීමේ සරල පිළිවෙත සියල්ලටම ඉහලින් සිටි බවකි.

රැකියා

කෑම පෙට්ටි රැගෙන යන්නා


Jurica Galić (Split, 1976.) znan i pod nadimkom Juka je hrvatski fotograf, bloger, avanturist, putopisac, kolumnist portala Dalmacija Danas, urednik dokumentarnog serijala Nomad, stalni suradnik Meridijana i mnogih priznatih časopisa, bivši vođa Torcide te YouTuber iz Splita. Autor i vlasnik kultnog alternativnog portala www.themladichi.com.

Po struci je poštansko-telekomunikacijski tehničar. Osnovao je udrugu The Mladichi koja promovira Hajduk, avanturizam, putovanja, ekologiju i fotografsku umjetnost. Članke i fotografije redovito objavljuje u časopisu "Meridijani",  mjesečniku za prosvjetnu populaciju, preporučenom štivu u školama od Ministarstva kulture, te povremeno u putopisnim časopisima "Place2Go" (Hrvatska) i "Travel Magazin" (Srbija). Njegove radove je u više navrata objavio i ugledni "National Geographic" (Hrvatska).

Do 2019. godine obišao je preko 70 država na 5 kontinenata, nakon kojih je održao bezbroj putopisnih tribina diljem Hrvatske. Također piše putopise i izrađuje video dokumentarce koje objavljuje na svom YouTube kanalu. Član Foto kluba Split, a izlagao je samostalno jedanaest puta, od čega sedam puta u vlastitoj organizaciji i četiri puta odobrenjem umjetničkih vijeća. Dobitnik je dvadesetak nacionalnih i svjetskih fotografskih nagrada. Omiljene fotografske teme su mu: ulična i portretna fotografija, nepristupačni dijelovi planete i ostatci misterioznih naroda i civilizacija. O njegovom radu su izvještavali najutjecajniji hrvatski mediji. U ljeto 2019. izdao je u vlastitoj nakladi (500 komada) svoju prvu fotomonografiju "Putopisne fotografije 2014. – 2019.". Najomiljenije destinacije koje je do sada posjetio su Uskršnji otok (Čile), špilja Hang En (Vijetnam) i mjesto nuklearne katastrofe Pripjat (Ukrajina). Tri puta je gostovao u popularnom podcastu "Inkubator". "Jurica Galić Juka, profesionalni fotograf iz Splita, svjetski putnik i putopisac, održao je tribinu o svojim putovanjima u čakovečkom TICM-u u organizaciji Fotokluba Čakovec.

Galić je nagrađivani, aktivni i kreativni fotograf – jedan od definitivno najzanimljivijih nezavisnih dokumentarnih fotografa-putopisaca novije generacije. Tribina o njegovim putovanjima trajala je preko dva sata i bila je vrlo intenzivna i dinamična. Jurica Galić predstavio je u najzanimljivijim crtama 11 mjesta sa svojih putovanja: Angkor Wat u Siem Reapu u Kambodži, Buenos Aires u Argentini, Nacionalni park Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng i spilju Hang En u Vijetnamu, cestu smrti u Boliviji, kameni grad Göreme u Kapadokiji u Turskoj, kulturu Maja i Asteka u Meksiku, napušteni grad Pripjat u Ukrajini (černobilska katastrofa), pustinju Atacama u Čileu, Uskršnji otok u Čileu, sveti grad Varanasi u Indiji te Vinicuncu ili Duginu planinu u Peruu. Jurica Galić vrhunski je prezentator – ima tu jednu osobinu koja nije česta među fotografima – osim što duboko i iskreno doživljava i fotografski bilježi prizore sa svojih putovanja, on ima i dar verbaliziranja, pričanja priče u maniri istinskoga putopisca. Ne čudi zato i njegova suradnja s Meridijanima (najboljim hrvatskim časopisom za zemljopis, povijest, ekologiju i putovanja) i s National Geographicom – jednim od najboljih svjetskih časopisa. Koliko Galić znači za Meridijane, potvrdila je urednica i direktorica časopisa Petra Somek koja je osobno došla na tribinu i svim posjetiteljima podijelila primjerak u kojem je izašao veliki Galićev prilog o Ciudad de Mexicu. Istaknula je autorovo fotografsko i spisateljsko majstorstvo te njegovo promicanje svijesti o zanimljivostima i vrijednostima prirodnoga i kulturnoga okruženja.

Od preko dvije stotine fotografija koje je Galić prikazao publici, nijedna nije prošla nezapaženo ili bez barem neke male zanimljive priče. Sva zanimljivost egzotičnih krajeva i neobičnih dalekih ljudi konzervirana u britkom koloru koji pršti sa svake slike, još je dodatno začinjena informacijama iz prve ruke. I to opušteno, kroz mediteranski tip humora i onu pravu, iskonsku humanost. Rijetki su takvi kreativci i zato sam uvjeren da je pred Galićem sjajna karijera svjetskog putopisca. Tek je 70-ak zemalja iza njega, osvojen je tek dio svijeta. U planu su mu daljnja putovanja, knjige i prilozi u časopisima i, naravno, video-klipovi na njegovom youtube kanalu – on ide ukorak s vremenom."

(nagrađivani fotograf i pisac prof. Davor Žerjav prilikom putopisne tribine Jurice Galića u Čakovcu, 10.07.2019.)

Raniji život
Odrastao u radničkoj obitelji na splitskom Mažuranićevom šetalištu, osnovnu školu završio u "Bratstvu i Jedinstvu" (današnja škola "Bol"), a srednju za tehničara poštanskog prometa u Prometnoj školi Split. Naknadno se doškolovao peti stupanj za majstorsko zvanje fotograf. Burne godine mladosti prolazi kao osiguranje u noćnim klubovima i na navijačkim tribinama, koje napušta krajem 2000-ih. Od tada neumorno putuje, snima, bilježi i prenosi iskustva diljem Hrvatske i regije. Navodno, suoćen sa smrću 2011. doživljava neku vrstu katarze i kreativno eruptira.

Karijera
Na samom početku blogosfere Jurica Galić stvara dobar humor na TheMladichi blogu, da bi 2014. godine otvorio vlastiti portal TheMladichi koji je i danas aktivan. Jedan od najboljih učesnika poznatog seminara fotografije "Fotosofia (2015.) pod vodstvom renomiranog hrvatskog fotografa Damira Hoyke. Od 2016. stalno surađuje s časopisom "Meridijani", mjesečniku za prosvjetnu populaciju i preporučenom štivu u školama od Ministarstva kulture, te povremeno za putopisne časopise "Place2Go" (Hrvatska) i "Travel Magazin" (Srbija). Njegove radove je u više navrata objavio i ugledni "National Geographic" (Hrvatska). Godine 2017., u suradnji s tvrtkom "Jedina.hr (Željko Skoko i Zvonimir Pavlinović) snima prvu epizodu televizijskog dokumentarca "Nomad" ("U postojbini Klukasa") u kojem je voditelj i scenarist, no nacionalne televizije ne pokazuju interes za njegovim prikazivanjem, pa iznimno skup projekt čeka bolja vremena, dok autor snima financijski isplativije mini dokumentarce na svom YouTube kanalu "Jurica Galić Juka".

Privatni život
Trenutno radi i živi u Splitu sa suprugom Sandrom Galić, s kojom ima kći Petru i sina Dina iz prvog braka.

Nagrade
1. mjesto u kategoriji najbolja kolekcija / Fotoklub Split (2016.)

1. mjesto u kategoriji "Žena" / Foto klub "Color" Rijeka (2017.)

1. mjesto u kategoriji "Vijesti i događaji" / "Balkan Photo Award", Sarajevo (2017.)

1. mjesto u kategoriji "Travel" / "Canon foto natječaj "Različiti objektivi, različite priče" (2018.)

1. mjesto u kategoriji "Najbolja putopisna fotografija" / Nagrada "Dijana Klarić" - Croatian Travel Festival (2019.)

Izložbe
1. "Indokineska avantura" – Galerija Knjižnice Marulić, Split, 27.04.2016.

2. "Indokineska avantura" – Atelje "Info Zona", Split, 27.05.2016.

3. "U zemlji Asteka i Maja" – Galerija Knjižnice Marulić, Split, 20.06.2017.

4. "Rapa Nui" – Atelje "Info Zona", Split, 26.02.2018.

5. "Rapa Nui" – Galerija Knjižnice Marulić, Split, 12.03.2018.

6. "Rapa Nui" – Galerija "Laval Nugent", Zagreb, 22.05.2018.

7. "People of the world" – Galerija Fotokluba Split, 27.06.2018.

8. "People of the world" – Galerija "Azimut", Šibenik, 22.05.2019.

9. "People of the world" – Galerija Knjižnice Marulić, Split, 27.05.2019.

10. "People of the world" – Galerija Oblok, Zagreb, 08.07.2019.

11. "People of the world" – Galerija Rathaus, Neunkirchen (Njemačka), 07.10. 2019.

Struka o autoru
"Malo je putopisnih fotografa čiji zapisi pršte snažnim emocijama, a jedan od takvih je Jurica Galić. Kadrovi mu plijene osobnim doživljajem mjesta koje je posjetio, a životna mu je priča podjednako fascinantna kao i fotografije".

- Goran Vrakela, urednik magazina "DigitalFoto"

"Jurica nedvojbeno ima oko za motiv, kolorističku igru objektivom, osebujni pristup snimanju i maštovitost. Dodaju li se tomu radoznalost, želja za istraživanjem i hrabrost za suočavanje s nepoznatim, posjeduje sve pretpostavke vrsnog fotografa."

- Hrvoje Prćić, urednik National Geographic Hrvatska

"Uglavnom, od prvoga dana Jurica Galić Juka bio je za mene pravo autorsko iznenađenje. On ima oko istančanog fotoreportera, a podjednako se dobro snalazi u svim rodovima fotografije, osobito u putopisnoj. On najčešće fotografira pri dnevnoj svjetlosti, digitalnom kamerom, koja relativizira granice i ostavlja fleksibilne prijelaze između dokumetarne i umjetničke te objektivne i subjektivne fotografije."

- Petra Somek, prof., urednica časopisa ''Meridijani''

"Juricu Galića kroz njegove avanture ne vodi želja za slavom ili zaradom, već žestoka strast i dječačka radoznalost, čisto srce. Zato njegovi radovi, bilo da je riječ o fotografijama ili tekstovima koji ih prate, nailaze na podjednako dobre reakcije publike i kritike. Jurica Galić Juka je po vlastitom priznanju dugo tražio sebe, no, kad je iz njega konačno potekla ta divlja, kreativna rijeka, kad je duhovni Vezuv proključao, vruća stvaralačka energija ruši i topi sve što joj se ispriječi na putu do cilja."

- Saša Ljubičić, hrvatski pisac i novinar Slobodne Dalmacije

"Kad vidiš Juku - smrzneš se; kad vidiš njegove fotke - rastopiš se."

- Davor Rostuhar, hrvatski putopisac, fotograf i pustolov

"Fotografija je Juku učinila boljim a Juka je to fotografiji vratio izvrsnim prizorima!"

- Stipe Božić, hrvatski alpinist, putopisac i redatelj

"Čaroban sastojak Jurice Galića Juke njegova je dječja radoznalost koja ga tjera više i dalje, radoznalost koja prelazi zabranjene i zamišljene horizonte, Waitapue, radoznalost koja ga čini jednim od najvećih ambasadora svoje zemlje i svog grada. Jurica Galić nije još ispunio svoj san i svoje poslanje, Jurica je čovjek koji neće stati na zamišljenoj granici koju je upravo prešao, Jurica je Iteo, vječno dijete koje se raduje svakom novom putovanju, svakom novom koraku koji će ga približiti njegovim zvijezdama."

- Ivo Anić, splitski pisac i kolumnist

"Da je išlo po planu, četrdesetogodišnji Jurica Galić, završeni poštansko-telekomunikacijski tehničar iz Splita, živio bi mirnim životom i radio u struci, tj. kao poštar. Ali, umjesto da nosi torbu s uplatnicama i predmete naručene dostavom, Juka je na leđa stavio ruksak, uz bok fotoaparat i vlastitim sredstvima krenuo u daleki svijet… Zahvaljujući tom njegovom životnom zaokretu, pak, saznali smo štošta o zakutcima svijeta, počevši od zabiti bliskog nam Balkana pa sve do Indokine. Juka je tako postao naš 'National Geographic' iz susjedstva, "Google" kojega možemo sresti na kavi i upitati pošto je verdura u Vijetnamu..."

- Lenka Gospodnetić, hrvatska spisateljica i novinarka Slobodne Dalmacije

" Juka je, naime, blogerska legenda, jedan od onih koji je u zlatno doba Blog.hr-a, rasturao svojim postovima i slikama, od Guče, preko Zenice, do legendarnih naputaka o Pravom Hrvatu. Tolika količina zdrave zajebancije, autoironije, duha, veselja i zdrave krvi rijetko se susretala u našoj blogosferi, i reaktiviranje The Mladicha je apsolutno sjajna stvar za ovaj narod kojem je to nužna potreba. Novine umiru, televizije su zakurac, dolazi vrijeme portala i interneta, i zato ćemo se ovdje čitati jako često."

- Domagoj Jakopović "Ribafish", zagrebački novinar, gurman i pisac

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Jurica Galić Juka na Facebooku
 Jurica Galić Juka na Instagramu
 Jurica Galić Juka na YouTube-u

Životopisi, Split
Torcida
Hrvatski fotografi
Hrvatski YouTuberi
Hrvatski novinari

Jurica Galić Juka


The Killing Machine (1964) este un roman science fiction al scriitorului american Jack Vance, cel de-al doilea din seria sa Demon Princes - Prinții demoni, în care Kirth Gersen, după ce  l-a adus în fața justiției pe răufăcătorul Malagate Woe, îl urmărește pe Kokor Hekkus, un alt prinț demon. Numele Kokor Hekkus, care înseamnă "killing machine - mașină de ucidere" în limba planetei Thamber, nu se referă la propria predilecție a lui Hekkus pentru omucidere, ci la dragostea lui pentru dispozitive oribile și ucigătoare, inclusiv călăul robot uriaș care i-a adus  pentru prima dată această poreclă.

Rezumat

Pentru a-și perfecționa abilitățile, Gersen își petrece timpul ca spion al poliției de Dincolo. El este trimis să întrerupă o întâlnire între un criminal cunoscut ca Billy Windle și domnul Hoskins, cu licența de a ucide, dacă este necesar. Hoskins este ucis, deși nu de Gersen, care recuperează două bucăți de hârtie care erau schimbate. O hârtie prezintă informații despre cum să devii un "hormagaunt", un monstru nemuritor care fură copiii și trăiește pe mitica planetă Thamber, iar cealaltă hârtie conține specificații tehnice pe care Gersen nu le înțelege.

Gersen este conștient de faptul că Billy Windle era Kokor Hekkus. El află apoi că Hekkus a pus la cale o serie de răpiri. Victimele sunt duse pe Interchange, o planetă din Dincolo, unde sunt facilitate schimburile dintre răpitori și răscumpărați. Gersen află că cele mai recente victime sunt copiii lui Duschane Audmar, un coleg de rang înalt al puternicului Institut, care trebuie să stea la distanță prin orice mijloace. Gersen îl convinge să finanțeze o misiune de obținere a informațiilor pentru a afla mai multe activități ale lui Hekkus și pentru a răscumpăra copiii.

Gersen află că Hekkus adună fonduri pentru a o răscumpăra pe o tânără, Alusz Iphigenia Eperje-Tokay, care susține că este din Thamber; a fugit de lumea ei de origine când Hekkus s-a interesat de ea și s-a instalat pe Interchange ca singurul ei refugiu, deoarece nici el nu ar îndrăzni să intervină în organizație. Ea își stabilise răscumpărarea la 10 miliarde SVU. Hekkus strânge suma răpindu-i pe cei dragi ai celor mai  bogați sute de cetățeni ai planetei Oikumene, răscumpărându-i pe fiecare pentru o sută de milioane de SVU.

Gersen îl întâlnește și pe Myron Patch, un inginer din Krokinole. Patch a construit pentru Hekkus un "fort" mobil sub forma unui dnazd, un monstru cu numeroase picioare, originar din Thamber; dar când Hekkus a fost nemulțumit de rezultat, Patch a refuzat să restituie banii deja plătiți și a fost răpit și expediat pe Interchange pentru a recupera suma. Gersen îl răscumpără, precum și copiii lui Audmar și își asumă temporar un interes în controlul companiei sale de inginerie.

El hotărăște să-l aducă pe Hekkus la mâna sa și are câteva idei despre cum să corecteze defectele mecanismului de mers al dnazd-ului. Gersen cere mai mulți bani de la agentul lui Hekkus, Seuman Otwal, pentru modificări, dar când trebuie să livreze dnazd-ul finalizat, Gersen este capturat și i se ordonă să dea înapoi banii; atunci când nu poate face asta, este expediat pe planeta Interchange.

În timp ce se află acolo, Gersen citește un articol dintr-un ziar vechi în care îl identifică pe domnul Hoskins ca fiind un oficial al băncii. Își amintește fragmentul criptic de hârtie pe care l-a recuperat la începutul romanului și consideră că descrie procedee utilizate pentru autentificarea bancnotelor. El produce suficienți bani pentru a se elibera și se întoarce cu mai multă monedă falsificată pentru a o răscumpăra pe Alusz Iphigenia. Ea primește un proiect bancar pentru răscumpărare (minus comisionul Interchange), pe care Gersen îl schimbă imediat în monedă reală - răscumpărările acumulate până acum de Kokor Hekkus. El îi mulțumește Aluszei Iphigenia că falsurile sale au fost făcute cu înălbitor și că, în curând, vor deveni în mod evident inutile; planeta Interchange  este ruinată, iar răpirile lui Kokor Hekkus au fost zadarnice. Deoarece ea este neinteresată de bani, Gersen devine fabulos de bogat.

Gersen speră ca Alusz Ifigenia să-l poată ghida spre Thamber. Ea nu are cunoștințe de navigație spațială, dar este capabilă să completeze o rimă care să-i permită lui Gersen să afle locul planetei.

Planeta Thamber găzduiește o cultură cvasi-medievală, cu triburi barbare în mâinile cărora cad prizonieri Gersen și Alusz Ifigenia. Gersen se luptă cu liderul unei trupe de război pentru a o salva pe Alusz de sclavie sexuală, apoi cei doi îi însoțesc pe războinici la castelul lui Kokor Hekkus. Acolo, barbarii îi înfrâng cu ușurință pe soldații lui Hekkus, dar apoi apare dnazd-ul mecanic al lui Patch și barbarii fug panicați. Gersen, însă, care prevăzuse posibilitatea de a se confrunta cu creația lui Patch a instalat între timp un călcâi al lui Ahile. El dezactivează mașina de război și ia prizonieri pe toți din echipajul său, observând între timp că unul dintre bărbații de la bord, Franz Paderbush, seamănă izbitor cu Seuman Otwal și cu Billy Windle.

El duce fortul dnazd la castelul lui Sion Trumble, care a fost odată logodnicul Aluszei Iphigenia. Trumble oferă serviciile unui prieten care îl cunoaște pe Kokor Hekkus, dar bărbatul neagă că este Paderbush. Gersen are suspiciunile sale și-i permite prizonierului să scape, dar acesta  își croiește apoi drum prin cartierele private ale lui Trumble. Acolo îl găsește pe Paderbush în proces de a se transforma în Trumble, pentru că sunt unul și același, și amândoi sunt alter-ego-ul lui Kokor Hekkus. Hekkus nu are de fapt nicio față, ascunzându-și chipul sub o mulțime de măști. Gersen se identifică, îi amintește lui Hekkus de raidul de la Mount Pleasant în care a fost distrusă casa sa și aproape toată familia lui ucisă și îl ucide. El se întoarce apoi pe planeta Oikumene însoțit de Alusz Iphigenia, promițând să trimită nave pentru a readuce planeta Thamber în contact cu restul umanității.

Referințe

Legături externe

Romane de Jack Vance
Romane din 1964
Romane științifico-fantastice
Romane americane

The Killing Machine


Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi (ADÜ), 1992 yılında Aydın'da kurulmuş olan bir devlet üniversitesidir.

Beş fakülte (Fen-Edebiyat, Nazilli İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler, Tıp, Veteriner, Ziraat fakülteleri), üç enstitü, Turizm İşletmeciliği ve Otelcilik Yüksekokulu ve Söke Meslek Yüksekokulu ile 1992 yılında Aydın ve Nazilli'de eğitime başlamış olan üniversitede şu an 14 fakülte, 3 enstitü, 1 Devlet Konservatuvarı, 5 Yüksekokul, 18 Meslek Yüksekokulu ve 24 Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi vardır. 2016 yılında Merkez, Çakmar, Işıklı, İsabeyli, Didim Akbük, Nazilli Sümer, Çine Süleyman Pekgüzel ve Karacasu Muzaffer Özuysal Yerleşkeleri'nin yanında Kuşadası, Atça, Sultanhisar, Yenipazar, Söke, Davutlar, Bozdoğan, Köşk, Buharkent ilçelerinde olmak üzere 17 ayrı yerleşim yerinde faaliyetlerine devam etmektedir.

2021-22 eğitim-öğretim yılında 17196 ön lisans, 25417 lisans, 2829 yüksek lisans ve 756 doktora öğrencisi olarak toplamda 46198 öğrenci öğrenim görmekteydi. 2022 yılı itibari ile üniversite kapsamında 369 profesör, 251 doçent, 307 doktor, 412 öğretim görevlisi ve 541 araştırma görevlisi olmak üzere toplam 1880 akademik personel görev yapmaktaydı.

Akademik birimler

Fakülteler
 Turizm Fakültesi
 Tıp Fakültesi
 Eğitim Fakültesi
 Nazilli İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi
 Veteriner Fakültesi
 Ziraat Fakültesi
 İletişim Fakültesi
 İnsan Ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi
 Mühendislik Fakültesi
 Fen Fakültesi
 Aydın İktisat Fakültesi
 Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi
 Söke İşletme Fakültesi
 Söke Mimarlık Fakültesi
 Kuşadası Denizcilik Fakültesi
 Hemşirelik Fakültesi
 Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi

Enstitüler
 Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
 Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
 Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü

Yüksekokullar
 Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu
 Nazilli Uygulamalı Bilimler Yüksekokulu
 Söke Sağlık Yüksekokulu
 Söke Sağlık Yüksekokulu
 Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulu
 Nazilli Devlet Konservatuvarı

Meslek Yüksekokulları
 Atça Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Aydın Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Aydın Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Bozdoğan Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Çine Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Didim Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Karacasu Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Kuyucak Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Koçarlı Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Nazilli Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Nazilli Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Söke Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Söke Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Sultanhisar Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Yenipazar Meslek Yüksekokulu
 Buharkent Meslek Yüksekokulu

Merkez Kampüs
Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Merkez Kampüsü, 1997 yılında günümüzdeki ismiyle Zafer Mahallesi Kepez Mevkiinde inşa edilmeye başlanmıştır ve tamamlanmıştır. Kuruluşundan itibaren çoğu fakülte ve yüksekokul merkez kampüs içerisinde öğrenci kabul etmiştir. Günümüzde merkez kampüs içerisinde yer alan lisans ve önlisans programları Tıp Fakültesi, Aydın İktisat Fakültesi, Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulu, İletişim Fakültesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Fen - Edebiyat Fakültesi, Aydın Sağlık Yüksekokulu, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu, Aydın Meslek Yüksekokulu, Eğitim Fakültesi şeklindedir.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Öğrenci Sözlüğü

Aydın ilinde bulunan okullar
Türkiye'deki devlet üniversiteleri
1992'de kurulan üniversiteler

Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi