The Seventh Air Force (Air Forces Korea) (7 AF) is a Numbered Air Force of the United States Pacific Air Forces (PACAF). It is headquartered at Osan Air Base, South Korea.

The command's mission is to plan and direct air component operations in the Republic of Korea and in the Northwest Pacific.

Established on 19 October 1940 as the Hawaiian Air Force at Fort Shafter, Territory of Hawaii, the 7 AF was a United States Army Air Forces combat unit in the Pacific Theater of World War II, providing air defense of the Hawaiian Islands and engaging in combat operations primarily in the Central Pacific AOR. It was assigned units engaging enemy forces in the Gilbert Islands; Marshall Islands; Caroline Islands; Mariana Islands, and in the last major battle of the Pacific War, the Battle of Okinawa. Returning to its defense role in Hawaii after the war, 7 AF became the primary USAF command and control organization in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

7 AF is commanded by Lt Gen Scott L. Pleus.  The Vice Commander is Brig Gen Ryan P. Keeney.

Overview
On 8 September 1986, Seventh Air Force was activated at Osan Air Base in South Korea and assumed the mission of maintaining the fragile armistice on the Korean peninsula previously performed by the 314th Air Division.

Since then, both as U.S. Air Forces Korea, under the joint U.S. Forces Korea, and the U.S. Air Force component to the United States and Republic of Korea Combined Forces Command's Air Component Command, 7 AF has been an integral part of deterring aggression from North Korea. It develops the total air campaign and reinforcement plans for ROK defense and sustains mission readiness of 117 operational units and 8,300 U.S. Air Force personnel.

It operates in conjunction with United States Pacific Command (USPACOM), United Nations Command, U.S. Forces, Korea/Combined Forces Command and United States Forces Korea (USFK).

Units
Major units of Seventh Air Force are:
 51st Fighter Wing, Osan Air Base, South Korea(F-16 and A-10 squadrons)
 8th Fighter Wing, Kunsan Air Base, South Korea (F-16C/D)

Non-Flying Units (Osan Air Base)
 607th Air and Space Operations Center
 607th Air Support Group
 607th Air Support Operations Group
 607th Support Group

History

Origins

Formation of the Hawaiian Air Force

The United States Army Hawaiian Department was established on 6 February 1913, which formally established the presence of the Army in the Territory of Hawaii. The history of Seventh Air Force can be traced to the arrival of the 6th Aero Squadron, Aviation Section, Army Signal Corps, at Fort Kamehameha, Hawaii on 13 March 1917 under the Air Office, Hawaiian Department, which was established in 1916.

Airplanes assigned to the 6th Aero Squadron consisted of three Curtiss N-9 seaplanes which were single-engine biplanes carrying a crew of two and capable of a top speed of 70 miles an hour. Late in 1917 the U.S. Government purchased Ford Island in Pearl Harbor for use as an airport and by September 1918 the 6th Aero Squadron, by then composed of ten officers and a small group of enlisted men, moved to Ford Island.

The first inter-island flight occurred in February 1919 and by 1920 inter-island flights were used for training purposes. Early in 1920 the 4th Observation Squadron arrived at Ford Island, known by then as Luke Field, named for "balloon buster" Frank Luke who fell in action during World War I on the Western Front in 1918. Also by this time, Luke Field was used jointly by the aerial forces of the Army and Navy.  The year 1920 marked a considerable advance in aviation in the Islands. The first night flight over Oahu took place on 30 June 1920.

Also air power began to take its place in the Hawaiian Department's military maneuvers. An aerial photo section joined other air units; the 23d Bombardment Squadron moved to Luke from March Field, California on 25 January 1923, and the 72d Bombardment Squadron was activated at Luke on 1 May 1923.

The first detachment of twenty men started clearing land south of Schofield Barracks for Wheeler Field in February 1922. This Field was named for Major Sheldon H. Wheeler, who had assumed command of Luke Field in 1920 and was killed in an air accident in 1921. By June 1923, Wheeler boasted six 112x200 foot hangars, three used for housing shops and three others for planes, plus four hangars used as warehouses, and oil storage tanks holding 50,000 gallons. Tents and huts housed the men. The First commander of Wheeler Field was Major George E. Stratemeyer, who by 1941 was a brigadier general and Acting Chief of the Army Air Corps.

The first known reforesting by plane was accomplished for the Department of Agriculture by a plane from Wheeler in 1926. The first non-stop Hawaiian flight from Oakland, California to Wheeler Field was made in June 1927 by L.J. Maitland and A.F. Hegenberger. (Navy Commander John Rodgers had set a non-stop seaplane record from San Francisco in 1925 and had fallen short of the mark for Honolulu, landing off the Island of Kauai), the famous Dole flight also took place in 1927, with Art Goebel and Lt. W. V. Davis, USN, the only fliers completing the flight to Hawaii.

During the period from 1917 to 1931, the military air component in Hawaii grew to seven tactical squadrons and two service squadrons. In 1931 the 18th Composite Wing was activated with headquarters at Fort Shafter, and was combined with the Air Office of the Hawaiian Department. The Hawaiian Air Depot was based at Luke Field. Since the Navy contemplated using the entire area available at Ford Island, plans for purchasing land adjacent to Pearl Harbor near Fort Kamehameha for construction of an airfield resulted in purchase by the U.S. Army on 20 February 1935 of this land from Faxon Bishop et al. for US$1,091~239.

Hickam Field was dedicated on 31 May 1935, named for Lt. Colonel Horace M. Hickam, C.O. 3rd Attack Group, killed 5 November 1934 at Ft. Crockett, Texas.  The first detachment of 12 men (the 31st Bomb Squadron) arrived at Hickam on 1 September 1937 and was housed in tents. By September 1938, when the base was officially activated, the Hawaiian Air Depot began its move from Luke Field. The move was completed on 31 October 1940.

On 1 November 1940 the Hawaiian Air Force was established as a part of the general United States Army Air Corps expansion program of 1939/1940.  It was organized and activated with headquarters at Fort Shafter – the first Army Air Forces outside the continental United States – moving to Hickam in July 1941. It consisted of two air base commands:
 18th Bombardment Wing; Formerly 18th Composite Wing (B-10's) at Hickam Field
 14th Pursuit Wing; Activated on 1 November 1940 (P-26's) at Wheeler Field

Aircraft strength at the beginning of the year 1941 consisted of 117 planes, mostly obsolete. In connection with defense plans for the Pacific, planes were brought to Hawaii throughout 1941 (principally P-36's and P-40's) by carrier. The first mass flight of Army bombers (21 B-17 Flying Fortresses) from Hamilton Field, California, arrived at Hickam on 13 May 1941. Nine of the 21 bombers were sent to Clark Field in September to begin a belated reinforcement of the Philippine Department. By 7 December 1941, the Hawaiian Air Force had been an integrated command for slightly more than one year under the command of Major General Frederick L. Martin, and consisted of 754 officers and 6,706 enlisted men with 231 military aircraft.

Order of Battle, 6 December 1941
The day before the Japanese Attack on Hawaii, and subsequent United States entry into World War II, the Hawaiian Air Force consisted of the following:

 14th Pursuit Wing, Wheeler Field, Territory of Hawaii
 15th Pursuit Group (Fighter), Wheeler Fld
 45th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-36A)
 46th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-36A, P-40B)
 47th Pursuit Sqd (Fighter) (P-40B, P-36A)
 72d Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (none)
 18th Pursuit Group (Interceptor), Wheeler Fld
 6th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40B)
 19th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40B, P-40C)
 44th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor), Bellows Fld (P-40B, P-40C)
 73d Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40B)
 78th Pursuit Sqd (Interceptor) (P-40B)

 18th Bombardment Wing, Hickam Field, Territory of Hawaii
 5th Bombardment Group (Heavy), Hickam Fld
 4th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
 23d Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
 31st Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
 72d Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
 11th Bombardment Group (Heavy), Hickam Fld
 26th Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
 42d Bombardment Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)
 50th Reconnaissance Sqd (Heavy) (B-17, B-18)

The B-17 squadrons were equipped with a mixture of B-17B, B-17C and B-17D models. Additional units assigned to Hawaiian Air Force on 6 December 1941 were:

 19th Transport Sqd, Hickam Fld (C-33)
 58th Bombardment Sqd (Light), Hickam Fld (A-20)
 86th Observation Sqd, Bellows Fld (B-12, O-47, O-49)

In addition to the above units, during the night of 6–7 December 1941, another squadron, the 38th Reconnaissance Squadron of the 41st Bombardment Group, Davis-Monthan Field, Arizona, were en route to Hawaii with four B-17Cs and two B-17Es to reinforce the 18th Bombardment Wing.

Also, six B-17Es the 88th Reconnaissance Squadron, 7th Bombardment Group, were also en route to Hawaii from Hamilton Field, California, with a final destination of Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines.

These units were deploying due to the heightened tensions between the United States and the Empire of Japan.  They arrived in Hawaii at the height of the attack on 7 December (radar operators mistakenly thought that the Japanese attack force was this flight arriving from California). Two of the B-17Es managed to land at a short fighter strip at Haleiwa, one B-17E set down on a golf course, one landed at Bellows Field and five B-17Cs and three B-17Es landed at Hickam under the strafing of Japanese planes.

World War II

Pearl Harbor Attack
The attack on Pearl Harbor or Hawaii Operation as it was called by the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters devastated the Hawaiian Air Force. Total Air Force casualties during the Japanese attack on 7 December were 163 killed. 43 missing, and 336 wounded, of which 121 killed, 37 missing, and 274 wounded were at Hickam Field. Out of a total of 231 aircraft of the Hawaiian Air Force, 64 were destroyed and not more than 79 were left usable. Some fighters were scrambled and managed to engage Japanese aircraft.

Seventh Air Force
On 5 February 1942, the Hawaiian Air Force was re-designated 7th Air Force.
 VII Bomber Command replaced the 18th Bombardment Wing
 VII Fighter Command replaced the 14th Pursuit Wing
 VII Base Command assumed responsibility for various base and service functions, along with the Hawaiian Air Depot. VII Air Force Base Command became VII Air Force Service Command under Brig. Gen. Walter J. Reed on 15 October 1942.

The 7th Air Force was redesignated Seventh Air Force on 18 September 1942

Re-equipping of the command after the Japanese attack on Oahu took a significant length of time. The re-equipped Seventh Air Force consisted of the following units:

In Hawaii the Seventh Air Force used the following military airfields.  Some were operated solely by the AAF, others were jointly used with the United States Navy. Wartime images of these airfields are linked to their names as most of them were minimal facility landing fields.

 Bellows AAF, Oahu
 Haleiwa AAF, Oahu
 Hickam AAF, Oahu
 Hilo AAF/NAS, Hawaii
 Homestead Field AAF/Molokai NAF, Molokai
 Kahaku AAF, Oahu
 Kipapa Field AAF, Oahu
 Kualoa Field AAF, Oahu

 Mana AAF / Barking Sands NAAF, Kauai
 Mokuleia AAF, Oahu
 Suiter Field, Hawaii
 Joint USAAF/Navy
 Waieli Strip AAF (Aux), Oahu
 Wheeler AAF, Oahu

Wartime operations

Seventh Air Force retained the mission of its predecessor of the defense of the Hawaiian Islands and, until the closing months of the war, it maintained its headquarters at Hickam Field. Clarence L. Tinker, an Osage and career officer, was named commander of the Seventh Air Force, and promoted to major general in January 1942, the first Native American to reach that rank and the highest-ranking one in the Army. He led a force of B-24s during the Battle of Midway, and his plane went down in June 1942. No bodies were recovered.

In Hawaii, the command grew into a key position in the logistical organization of the Pacific war. One of the biggest elements of this organization was the Hawaiian Air Depot at Hickam, which served as an in-transit supply, repair, and modification center for force units scattered all the way to Australia. The Air Depot had to expand its activities, which in peacetime included assembly, repair, and reconditioning of aircraft, to handle large numbers of P-39s and P-40s. These were rushed out in crates for assembly, flight-testing, and delivery to forward-deployed combat units.

Seventh Air Force also became the hub of the Pacific aerial network. In addition to Depot functions, it supported the 4-engine all-weather transport used in ferrying troops, supplies, and evacuating wounded from forward areas. These transport planes were under the command of Pacific Division, Air Transport Command. The command also played a major role throughout the Pacific War as a training, staging, and supply-center for air and ground troops.

The command deployed most of its combat units to the Central Pacific, where operations were best summed up by its air and ground views as "Just one damned island after another!"

Seventh Air Force units deployed 2,000 miles southwest to the Gilbert Islands, then 600 miles northwest to the Marshall Islands, 900 miles west to the Caroline Islands, 600 miles northwest to the Mariana Islands, 600 miles north to Iwo Jima, 1,000 miles west to Okinawa, always edging closer towards the center of Japanese power. A map story of the Seventh Air Force would cover 3,000 miles north and south of Midway Atoll to Fiji, and 5,000 miles east and west from Pearl Harbor to the Ryukus.  The combat record of its major units is as follows:

 The 15th Fighter Group was re-equipped after the Pearl Harbor attack and remained in Hawaii as part of the Hawaiian Defense Force, although rotated squadrons to the Central Pacific attached to Thirteenth Air Force groups. In April 1944, it received North American P-51 Mustang fighters and trained for long-range bomber escort missions.  The group deployed to Iwo Jima in February 1945 and was reassigned to Twentieth Air Force for the remainder of the war. In November 1945 it returned to Hawaii and Seventh Air Force in November 1945.
 The 18th Fighter Wing was re-equipped after the Pearl Harbor attack, then was deployed to the Central Pacific and reassigned to Thirteenth Air Force. It began operations from Guadalcanal.  Moving across the Pacific, at the end of the war, the group moved to Clark Field on Luzon and became a permanent part of Far East Air Forces after the war.
 The 21st Fighter Group was created in Hawaii in March 1944 and initially was part of the Hawaiian Defense Force flying Bell P-39 Airacobras. Re-equipped with P-51 Mustangs in January 1945 and trained for long-range bomber escort missions. The group deployed to Iwo Jima in February 1945.  Was reassigned to Twentieth Air Force for the remainder of the war, being inactivated on Guam in April 1946.
 The 318th Fighter Group was created in Hawaii in May 1942 as part of the Hawaiian Defense Force flying P-39s, P-40s and later Republic P-47 Thunderbolts. Deployed to the Central Pacific being attached to Thirteenth Air Force in June 1944. Reassigned to Eighth Air Force in July 1945 in preparation for the Invasion of Japan. Returned to the United States in January 1946 and was inactivated.
 The 508th Fighter Group was created on 12 October 1944 at Peterson Field, Colorado. The group trained with P-47 Thunderbolts to provide very-long-range escort for Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombardment units in the Southwest Pacific Theater. The lack of significant Japanese fighter defense by late 1944 caused a change of mission and the group was reassigned to Seventh Air Force in Hawaii in January 1945 and served as part of the Hawaiian Defense Force. In Hawaii, the group also trained replacement pilots for other organizations, repaired P-47s and P-51s received from combat units, and ferried aircraft to forward areas. The unit was inactivated in Hawaii on 25 November 1945 when it replaced by the 15th Fighter Group.
 The 5th Bombardment Group was re-equipped after the Pearl Harbor attack with a mixture of B-17 Flying Fortresses and Consolidated B-24 Liberator bombers. The unit was engaged primarily in search and patrol missions off Hawaii from December 1941 to November 1942. In Hawaii, the group was used in the Battle of Midway to attack Japanese surface fleets. It was deployed to Espírito Santo in the Solomon Islands and served in combat with Thirteenth Air Force during the Allied drive from the Solomons to the Philippines. It was assigned to the Philippines in 1945 until the end of the war.
 The 11th Bombardment Group was re-equipped after the Pearl Harbor attack with B-24 Liberators and initially flew patrol missions around Hawaii. It was deployed to the New Hebrides in July 1942 where it became part of Thirteenth Air Force and engaged in combat operations in the central Pacific.
 The 30th Bombardment Group was reassigned to Seventh Air Force in October 1943 from March Field, California where it flew west coast antisubmarine patrols for Fourth Air Force. It was deployed to the Ellice Islands in the central Pacific during November 1943, where its B-24 Liberators took part in the invasion of the Gilbert Islands. Remaining part of Seventh Air Force, the group moved westward across the Pacific, taking part in several campaigns until returning to Wheeler Field, Hawaii in March 1945. From Wheeler, the group flew patrol missions until being inactivated in June 1946.
 The 41st Bombardment Group was formed at March Field, California in January 1941 and performed antisubmarine patrols along the west coast until deploying to Seventh Air Force in Hawaii during October 1943 for final overseas training. From Hawaii, the group deployed its North American B-25 Mitchell medium bombers to Tarawa in the central Pacific in December 1943. Remaining as part of 7AF, the group took part in combat operations across the western Pacific as well as attacking targets on Taiwan and mainland China as well as the Japanese home islands. It was inactivated at Clark Field, Philippines on 27 January 1946.
 The 307th Bombardment Group was reassigned to Seventh Air Force in October 1942 from Fourth Air Force, where it flew patrols off the west coast, first in B-17s and later in B-24s.  In Hawaii, the group trained and flew patrol and search missions. Attacked Wake Island in December 1942 and January 1943, by staging through Midway Island. The group deployed to Guadalcanal in February 1943 and was assigned to Thirteenth Air Force. It served in combat, primarily in the Central and Southwest Pacific, until the war ended.
 The 319th Bombardment Group was assigned to Seventh Air Force late in the war, after spending three years in combat with the Twelfth and Fifteenth Air Forces in the North African Campaign and Italian Campaign in the Mediterranean Theater. It joined Seventh Air Force in Okinawa flying Douglas A-26 Invaders during April 1945 and flew combat missions over China and the Japanese home islands. It returned to the United States in December 1945 where it was inactivated at Fort Lewis, Washington.

The Seventh Air Force along with Thirteenth Air Force in the Central Pacific and Fifth Air Force in Australia were assigned to the newly created United States Far East Air Forces (FEAF) on 3 August 1944. FEAF was subordinate to the U.S. Army Forces Far East and served as the headquarters of Allied Air Forces Southwest Pacific Area. By 1945, three numbered air forces—5th, 7th and 13th—were supporting operations in the Pacific. FEAF was the functional equivalent in the Pacific of the United States Strategic Air Forces (USSTAF) in the European Theater of Operations.

From mid-1944 to July 1945, the Seventh Air Force tried to prevent the Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands by attacking Iwo Jima and other Japanese-held islands and providing fighter protection for the Marianas. During the summer of 1945, the 15th Fighter Group (along with the 21st and 318th from the VII Fighter Command) were reassigned to the Twentieth Air Force. They continued fighter sweeps against Japanese airfields and other targets, in addition to flying long-range B-29 escort missions to Japanese cities, until the end of the war. In addition, effective 14 July 1945, the Seventh Air Force command echelon was moved to Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, and assigned to United States Far East Air Force. VII Fighter Command remained attached to 20th Air Force until the end of the war.

Pacific Air Command
On 1 January 1946, Seventh Air Force was reassigned without personnel or equipment to Hickam Field, Hawaii, where it resumed its prewar mission of defense of the Hawaiian Islands. In May 1946 the Hawaiian Air Depot assumed jurisdiction of Hickam Field.

On 15 December 1947, Seventh Air Force was re-designated Pacific Air Command (PACAIRCOM) and elevated to major command status. The Hawaiian Air Depot was re-designated Hawaiian Air Materiel Area (HAWAMA) both at Hickam. PACAIRCOM's mission was to oversee air defense and other operations in the Pacific Ocean area, of the Pacific Region from the Hawaiian Islands west to include Wake, Midway Atoll, the Mariana, Caroline, Solomon and Marshall Islands.

Pacific Air Command was discontinued effective 1 June 1949 as a result of a budgetary actions.  Its mission, functions, responsibilities and command jurisdiction of installations and facilities transferred to the Pacific Division, Military Air Transport Service.

Cold War
During the Korean War, and the years following, Hawaii again became the hub of trans-Pacific military air activity.  In March 1954, the Joint Chiefs of Staff directed that Pacific Air Force be established. This unit came into being on 1 July 1954, the primary mission being to serve as the USAF component on the staff of the Commander-in-Chief Pacific (CINCPAC). Responsibilities included preparation of plans to support CINCPAC and allied operations. For purely Air Force matters, the new command was placed under the command of Far East Air Forces Headquarters located in Japan. That headquarters completed its move to Hickam on 1 July 1957, its designation being changed to Pacific Air Forces.

With the reactivation of Pacific Air Force, Seventh Air Force was reactivated on 5 January 1955 at Hickam AFB.  It was assigned to Pacific Air Force (later, Pacific Air Force/FEAF [Rear]) and transferred to Wheeler AFB, Hawaii, in March 1955.

Seventh Air Force oversaw Pacific Air Force's area of responsibility east of 140 degrees east longitude, including the Hawaiian Islands. Seventh was also responsible for the air defense of the islands. However, the movement of United States Far East Air Force (renamed Pacific Air Forces) from Japan to Hawaii led to the inactivation of Seventh Air Force on 1 July 1957.

Vietnam War

Seventh Air Force was revived under the command of Lt. Gen. Joseph H. Moore to serve Pacific Air Forces during the Vietnam War when the growth of forces required a replacement for the 2d Air Division.  In this capacity Seventh Air Force was the Air Component Command of Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV).

Upon reactivation on 28 March 1966, Seventh Air Force was designated a combat command at Tan Son Nhut Air Base, overseeing the operations of the ten primary USAF bases in the Republic of Vietnam.  From April 1966 until 1973, the command assumed responsibility for most Air Force operations in Vietnam and shared responsibility with the Thirteenth Air Force for operations conducted from Thailand as 7/13 Air Force.

In June 1966, the first US air attacks near Hanoi and Haiphong occurred when 7AF planes bombed nearby oil installations. The following month, US aircraft struck North Vietnamese forces inside the Vietnamese Demilitarized Zone (DMZ).

The Siege of Khe Sanh ("Operation Niagara") involved significant efforts by Seventh Air Force. More than 24,000 tactical and 2700 Boeing B-52 Stratofortress strikes dropped 110,000 tons of ordnance in attacks that averaged over 300 sorties per day. At night, Douglas AC-47 Spooky gunships kept up fire against enemy troops. In August 1968, General George S. Brown began to oversee the Vietnamization of the air war. By 1970, this effort was successful enough that General Brown released the first USAF units to leave Vietnam.

US Support Activities Group/7th Air Force
Under the terms of the Paris Peace Accords, MACV and all American and third country forces had to be withdrawn from South Vietnam within 60 days of the ceasefire. A multi-service organization was required to plan for the application of U.S. air and naval power into North or South Vietnam, Cambodia or Laos, should this be required and ordered. Called the United States Support Activities Group & 7th Air Force (USSAG/7th AF), it was to be located at Nakhon Phanom Royal Thai Air Force Base in northeast Thailand. In addition a small U.S. military headquarters was needed to continue the military assistance program for the South Vietnamese military and supervise the technical assistance still required to complete the goals of Vietnamization and also to report operational and military intelligence through military channels to DOD authorities. This headquarters was to become the Defense Attaché Office, Saigon.

The advance echelon of USSAG/7AF moved from Tan Son Nhut to Nakhon Phanom on 29 January 1973. Transfer of the main body, drawn largely from the operations and intelligence sections of MACV and Seventh Air Force, began on 10 February. USSAG was activated on 11 February 1973 under the command of commander of MACV, but at 08:00 on 15 February, USAF General John W. Vogt Jr., as USSAG/7AF commander, took over from MACV control of American air operations. U.S. air support operations into Cambodia continued under USSAG/7th AF until August 1973. The DAO was established as a subsidiary command of MACV and remained under the command of commander of MACV until the deactivation of MACV on 27 March 1973 at which time command passed to the Commander USSAG/Seventh Air Force at Nakhon Phanom.

On 27 April 1973 CINCPAC published its terms of reference for USSAG/7th AF, these were: "USSAG/7AF, Thailand will plan for resumption of an effective air campaign in Laos, Cambodia, the Republic of Vietnam and North Vietnam as directed by CINCPAC; maintain a command and control structure for the management of air elements which may be committed to it and a capability for interface with [the South Vietnamese] air control system; establish and maintain liaison with [the South Vietnamese Joint General Staff], CTF 77 and committed SAC forces; and exercise command over [DAO Saigon]".In addition to combat air operations the command was charged with conducting Joint Casualty Resolution Center activities in Cambodia, Laos, South and North Vietnam, to coordinate search and rescue operations in Southeast Asia and adjacent waters and make recommendations concerning USAF levels in Thailand. the command was also to supervise through DAO the management and/or coordination of US DOD and contracted activities remaining in South Vietnam including logistics, intelligence training, South Vietnamese Joint General Staff liaison, operations and communications electronics, and monitor the security assistance planning for South Vietnam, making recommendations to CINCPAC and the services as appropriate.

USSAG/7th AF oversaw the ongoing US air campaigns in Cambodia and Laos until the prohibition on offensive operations came into effect on 14 August 1973.

Following a directive from the Joint Chiefs of Staff, CINCPAC on 11 June 1975 directed the disestablishment of USSAG/7th AF. The disestablishment was effective at 17:00 on 30 June. With the disestablishment of USSAG/7th AF control of the Four Party Joint Military Team established under the Paris Peace Accords, the Joint Casualty Resolution Center and the residual Defense Attaché Office reverted to CINCPAC.

Post Cold War

On 11 September 1986, Seventh Air Force was reactivated at Osan Air Base, South Korea to replace the 314th Air Division.  Since then, 7AF, as the US Air Force component to the US and ROK Combined Forces Command's Air Component Command, has been an integral part of deterring aggression from North Korea against the ROK.

Headquarters Seventh Air Force consists of approximately 10,000 Air Force personnel located primarily at Osan AB, Kunsan AB, and five other collocated operating bases throughout the Republic of Korea. Air Force personnel fly and maintain the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon and the Fairchild Republic A/OA-10 Thunderbolt II combat aircraft, and perform a myriad of intelligence, logistics, planning, communications, and liaison duties.

Although primarily a combat ready command, 7AF also provides assistance to non-combatants and civilians with the region. Rescue at sea, typhoon evacuations, and medical assistance are typical missions.

Lineage
 Established as Hawaiian Air Force on 19 October 1940
 Activated on 1 November 1940
 Redesignated: 7th Air Force on 5 February 1942
 Redesignated: Seventh Air Force on 18 September 1942
 Redesignated: Pacific Air Command on 15 December 1947
 Upgraded to Major Command 15 December 1947
 Discontinued on 1 June 1949
 Redesignated Seventh Air Force on 10 December 1954
 Activated on 5 January 1955
 Inactivated on 1 July 1957
 Activated on 28 March 1966
 Organized on 1 April 1966
 Inactivated on 30 June 1975
 Activated on 8 September 1986

Assignments
 Hawaiian Department, U.S. Army, 1 November 1940
 U.S. Army Forces in Central Pacific Area, c. 16 August 1943
 Army Air Forces, Pacific Ocean Areas (AAFPOA), 1 August 1944
 Far East Air Forces (later, Pacific Air Command, U.S. Army), 14 July 1945
 Army Air Forces (later, United States Air Force), 1 January 1947 – 1 June 1949
 Pacific Air Force (later, Pacific Air Force/Far East Air Forces [Rear]), 5 January 1955 – 1 July 1957
 Pacific Air Forces, 28 March 1966 – 30 June 1975
 Pacific Air Forces, 8 September 1986—present

Stations
 Fort Shafter, Hawaii, 1 November 1940
 Hickam Field (later, Hickam AFB), Hawaii, c. 12 July 1941
 East Field, Saipan, Mariana Islands, 19 December 1944
 Yontan Airfield, Okinawa, 12 July 1945
 Hickam Field, Hawaii, 1 January 1946 – 1 June 1949
 Hickam AFB, Hawaii, 5 January 1955
 Wheeler AFB, Hawaii, 24 March 1955 – 1 July 1957
 Tan Son Nhut Air Base, South Vietnam, 1 April 1966
 Nakhon Phanom Royal Thai Navy Base, Thailand, 29 March 1973 – 30 June 1975
 Osan AB, Republic of Korea, 8 September 1986

Components
Commands
 7th Air Force Base (later, VII Air Force Base; VII Air Force Service): 19 February 1942 – 15 August 1944
 VII Air Service Area: 3 August 1944 – 12 August 1945
 7th Bomber (later, VII Bomber): 29 January 1942 – 1 January 1946
 7th Interceptor (later, 7th Fighter; VII Fighter): 2 February 1942 – 1 March 1945; 14–16 July 1945

Divisions
 7th Air (formerly, 7th Fighter Wing): 1 January 1946 – 3 September 1948
 834th Air: 15 October 1966 – 1 December 1971.

List of commanders

See also
 United States Pacific Air Forces
 United States Forces Korea (USFK)
 Military of South Korea (ROK Armed Forces)
 United States Air Force in Thailand (Vietnam War)
 United States Air Force in South Korea (Korean War)

References

 Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .
 Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings Lineage and Honors Histories 1947–1977. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. .

Notes

Bibliography

 Lambert, John W. The Pineapple Air Force: Pearl Harbor to Tokyo. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 2006. .

External links
 Seventh Air Force Factsheet
 Seventh Air Force Homepage
 United States Forces Korea Web Site
Maps
 Historical Records of US Air Force Combat Activities 1965 – 1975, Indochina  (Google Earth format)

07
07
Military units and formations established in 1940
United States military in South Korea
Military units and formations of the United States Air Force in the Vietnam War
World War II aerial operations and battles of the Pacific theatre
1940 establishments in Hawaii

Seventh Air Force


BD+20°2457 c es una enana marrón localizada aproximadamente entre 320 y 980 años luz en la constelación de Leo orbitando la estrella de tipo K BD+20°2457. Su masa es 12,47 veces la de Júpiter y necesita 1,7 años para orbitar su estrella. Su otro compañero de este sistema, BD+20°2457 b, es un planeta muy masivo (con 21,42 veces la masa de Júpiter) por lo que es probable que se trate también de una enana marrón. Esta enana marrón fue descubierta el 10 de junio de 2009, usando el telescopio Hobby-Eberly.

Véase también
 BD+14°4559 b
 HD 240210 b

Referencias

  (web preprint)

Constelación de Leo
Planetas extrasolares
Planetas extrasolares descubiertos en 2009
Enanas marrones

BD+20°2457 c


EGO G002.14+0.01 est un objet céleste dont la nature est incertaine, se situant au centre de la Voie lactée. Il a été identifié pour la première fois par le télescope spatial Spitzer lors du Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire et il sera classé comme un objet vert étendu (EGO). Le nom objet vert étendu vient du fait que EGO G002.14+0.01 est une source infrarouge verdâtre qui s'étend sur une zone de 0.6 arc minute.

Objet EGO G002.14+0.01
Les scientifiques pensent que les objets EGO sont des étoiles jeunes très massives nommées massive young stellar objects (MYSO). Au vu de l'étrangeté de ces objets, les scientifiques ont pointé le radiotélescope Mopra pour étudier les objets EGO. Ils ont calibré le Mopra-22 dans une fréquence de 95 GHz pour étudier les objets EGO du centre galactique. Les résultats de l'étude montrent que les objets EGO émettent des ondes radio dans des fréquences entre 85 et 100 GHz. L'équipe en charge de Mopra-22 détectera plusieurs pics dans la fréquence de EGO G002.14+0.01 ; selon les chercheurs, il s'agirait de vent stellaire très puissant, c'est à ce moment que les chercheurs ont émis la possibilité que les objets soient des étoiles de Wolf-Rayet très massives. Dans le cas des objets comme EGO G002.14+0.01, la masse serait comprise entre M ⩾ 20 M☉ et M ⩾ 8 M☉. Dans le cas de EGO G002.14+0.01, l'objet est accompagné d'une source en proche infrarouge, une source radio associée à du méthane ainsi que deux région HII. Toutes ces sources entourent EGO G002.14+0.01 ce qui fait que la possibilité que EGO G002.14+0.01 soit une étoile massive de Wolf-Rayet est sûrement la bonne hypothèse ou du moins la plus probable. La luminosité infrarouge des objets EGO serait de 103 L⊙.

Images infrarouge de EGO G002.14+0.01

Articles connexes
 Liste des étoiles les plus massives
 Étoile Wolf-Rayet
 Liste des objets EGO

Références

Liens externes

Objet céleste dont le nom est d'origine inconnue
Objet du catalogue 2MASS
Région HII
Source radio
Extended Green Object

EGO G002.14+0.01


Adolphe Jacoby (Grandménil, 17 août 1888 - Sainte-Croix-Lez-Bruges, 28 mai 1976) est un officier militaire et un écrivain belge.

Biographie

Nationaliste belge convaincu et ancien combattant de la Première Guerre mondiale, Jacoby a écrit plusieurs ouvrages sur des vétérans de guerre notables. Son interprétation belgiciste de l'histoire des frères van Raemdonk est la plus connue d'entre elles, et il a écrit un certain nombre de livres sur le sujet.

Il a écrit, entre autres :
 Au drapeau ! (1935)
 Garde à vous (1935)
 Saluez ! (1936)
 Ouvrez le ban ! (1935)

Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, Jacoby a été prisonnier de guerre en Allemagne. En 1948, il a consigné ses mémoires sur cette période dans le livre : "Derrière les barbelés, 1940-1945".

Les archives d'Adolphe Jacoby sont conservées aux archives municipales de Tamise.

Références

Naissance en août 1888
Naissance dans la province de Luxembourg
Décès en  mai 1976
Décès à 87 ans
Décès à Bruges
Militaire belge de la Première Guerre mondiale
Militaire belge de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Écrivain belge du XXe siècle

Adolphe Jacoby


Nižná Polianka este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Bardejov din regiunea Prešov. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 230 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Varadka.

Istoric
Localitatea Nižná Polianka este atestată documentar din 1515.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Nižná Polianka


Michael Turner (* 1962 in Vancouver, British Columbia) ist ein kanadischer Musiker und Schriftsteller sowie Dichter, der Gedichte, Prosa und Opern-Librettos veröffentlicht.

Leben

Turners Werk wird oft untersucht als Objekt des versteckten und nur scheinbar Gewöhnlichen; er stellt detailreich Objekte und Konzepte dar, die normalerweise bis zum Ende ausgefeilt sind, wie in Company Town (1991) und Kingsway (1995). Turner variiert meist seinen Stil und ermöglicht dadurch eine vielfältige intertextuelle Annäherung an seine Werke, wie zum Beispiel in American Whiskey Bar (1997) und The Pornographer's Poem (1999).

Turners Werk wurden für den Rundfunk, die Bühne, das Fernsehen und den Film adaptiert sowie ins Französische, Russische und Koreanische übersetzt. Er gewann den Genie Award 1996 in der Kategorie Music/Original Song, den zu den BC Book Prizes gehörenden Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize 2000 und stand 1992 auf der Shortlist des Dorothy Livesay Poetry Prize. 2010 stand 8 × 10 ebenfalls auf der Auswahlliste des Ethel Wilson Fiction Prize.

Michael Turner arbeitete mit dem Videokünstler Stan Douglas bei zwei experimentellen Videofilmen zusammen; Journey Into Fear (Istanbul Biennale, 2001) und Suspiria (Documenta11, 2002) sowie bei einem Spielfilm mit dem Filmemacher Bruce LaBruce, Von Gloeden Project, das auf dem Leben und Werk des Fotografen Wilhelm von Gloeden basierte. Außerdem beauftragte man ihn ein Libretto für die Modern Baroque Opera Company zu verfassen, dessen Stoff auf Wilhelm Buschs Max & Moritz fußte.

In den späten 1980er Jahren war er selbst Mitglied einer Band namens Hard Rock Miners.

1996 führte Bruce McDonald Regie bei einem Film, dessen Handlung auf Hard Core Logo basierte; McDonald leitete ebenfalls die Inszenierung eines Live-Spielfilms der Turners Roman American Whiskey Bar 1998 als Drama, das Citytv produzierte und ausstrahlte. Für 2005 wurde ein Film auf der Basis von The Pornographer's Poem angekündigt.

Turner lebt in seiner Geburtsstadt Vancouver, schreibt Essays und gibt die Advance Editions heraus, eine literarisch-bildlerisch-künstlerische Kunst-Edition heraus, die er zusammen mit Arsenal Pulp Press 1998 gründete. Gegenwärtig arbeitet er an einem weiteren Roman.

Werk

Gedichte und Romane
 Company Town (Arsenal Pulp, 1991)
 Hard Core Logo (Arsenal Pulp, 1993)
 Kingsway (Arsenal Pulp, 1995)
 American Whiskey Bar (Arsenal Pulp, 1997)
 The Pornographer's Poem (Doubleday Canada, 1999). Deutsch: Das Gedicht des Pornographen. Aus dem Amerikanischen von Jürgen Bürger (Liebeskind, München, 2005)
 8x10 (Doubleday Canada, 2009)

Beiträge in Anthologien
 Lost Classics (Knopf Canada, 2000)
 Story of a Nation (Doubleday Canada, 2001)
 The Notebooks (AnchorCanada, 2002)
 A Verse Map of Vancouver  (Anvil Press, 2009)

Weblinks
 Interview mit dem January Magazine (Februar 2000)

Autor
Roman, Epik
Lyrik
Librettist
Literatur (Englisch)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Kanadische Literatur
Kanadier
Geboren 1962
Mann

Michael Turner (Schriftsteller)


Playing in the Shadows es el tercer álbum de estudio del cantante británico Example, lanzado el 4 de septiembre de 2011 por el sello discográfico Ministry of Sound.

Contenido
Al igual que el álbum anterior, no cuenta con colaboraciones, además de los productores (incluyendo Skream, colaborador frecuente). El álbum está orientado al dance, es por eso que recurrió a productores de la talla de diversos géneros electrónicos como el dubstep (productores como Nero, Chase & Status, Feed Me, Skream) y el house (productores de talla como Laidback Luke, Funkagenda, Tom Neville, Dirty South y Michael Woods.

Sencillos
 "Changed The Way You Kiss Me" fue el sencillo adelanto lanzado en junio de 2011 alcanzó el lugar #1 de las listas del Reino Unido, manteniéndose por 2 semanas consecutivas.

 El segundo sencillo es "Stay Awake", canción que dejó en manos del productor de dubstep Nero. Fue estrenado el 1 de julio de 2011 en el programa radial de Annie Mac en la BBC Radio 1 show. Debutó en el puesto # 1 en el UK Singles Chart.

 "Natural Disaster" es el tercer sencillo y en él colabora el aclamado productor holandés de origen filipino Laidback Luke.

 "Midnight Run" es el cuarto sencillo y en él colabora el productor británico de dubstep Feed Me. Fue lanzado en diciembre de 2011 y debutó en la ubicación #30 del UK Singles Chart. Mientras que en las listas de indie alcanzó la primera posición y en las listas de dance no superó el quinto puesto.

 Otros sencillos fueron "Shot Yourself in the Foot Again" y fue lanzado gratuitamente en enero de 2011. Fue producido por Skream y obtuvo alrededor de 8 millones de visitas en YouTube y está incluido en el álbum a modo de bonus track. Alcanzó la ubicación # 82 en el Reino Unido.

Una pista adicional "Plastic Smile" cuenta con la participación de Felguk y está incluido en el videojuego SSX del 2012.

Lista de canciones
Todas las canciones están escritas por Elliot Gleave.
"Microphone" es coescrita junto a Guy Chambers

Listas

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Playing in the Shadows en Discogs

Álbumes de 2011
Álbumes de Example
Álbumes de música electrónica
Álbumes número uno en Reino Unido

Playing in the Shadows


High Guardian Spice  é uma série de televisão animada americana criada por Raye Rodriguez, que anteriormente trabalhou para Danger & Eggs como designer de personagens. A série é produzida pela Crunchyroll Studios (anteriormente chamada de Ellation), e foi originalmente programada para ser a primeira série original da Crunchyroll antes de ser adiada por aproximadamente 2 anos. A série estreou na Crunchyroll em 26 de outubro de 2021.

A série ganhou certa popularidade devido a suas inúmeras criticas negativas da mídia especializada e amadora, com sua nota no imdb sendo menor que 2,0/10, sendo considerada como uma obra de baixa qualidade.

Premissa
Um grupo de quatro garotas que frequentam a High Guardian Academy, uma escola de magia, estão treinando para se tornar guardiãs de West City. Ao mesmo tempo, elas convivem com amigos, inimigos e traições, enquanto tentam proteger o mundo de uma ameaça desconhecida.

Personagens

Personagens principais

 Rosemary (dublado por Briana Leon) - Um humano que tem cabelo rosa e quer se tornar um guardião, não importa o quê. Ela é ousada e ousada e quer pegar a espada de sua mãe e seguir os passos de sua mãe.
 Sage (dublado por Lauren White) - Uma bruxa que tem cabelo azul e usa Old Magic. Ela frequentemente tem problemas com a escola centrada na Nova Magia, já que ela se opõe à Nova Magia.
 Parsley (dublado por Amber Romero) - Um anão e uma garota mágica com cabelos loiros. Ela também trabalha como ferreira .
 Tomilho (dublado por Michelle Deco) - Uma garota mágica de cabelo ruivo que é uma habilidosa elfa arqueira. Ela está empenhada em salvar sua casa de uma doença misteriosa chamada Rot.

Personagens de apoio

 Lavender (dublado por Liisa Lee) - A mãe de Rosemary que tem cabelo lavanda e já foi uma conhecida Guardiã.
 Amaryllis (dublado por Katie McVay) - Uma garota humana com direito, rica e má com cabelo roxo que vai para a mesma academia. O melhor amigo do Snapdragon.
 Snapdragon (dublado por Julia Kaye ) - Um estudante humano sarcástico e desajeitado e amigo de Amaryllis, com cabelo ruivo que frequenta a mesma academia.
 Mandrake (dublado por AJ Beckles)  – Um metamorfo humano e feiticeiro.
 A Tríade (dublada por Salli Saffioti ) - As diretoras humanas femininas da academia. Eles são imortais. Um parece jovem, outro parece de meia-idade e o último parece idoso.
 Professor Harkone (dublado por Anthony Brandon Walker) - Um professor humano que ensina táticas de batalha.
 Parnelle (dublado por Barbara Goodson ) – O estudante humano mais jovem da academia e uma criança prodígio.
 Neppy Cat (dublado por Cam Clarke ) - Um gato doméstico perto da academia que tinha poderes secretos.
 Slime Boy (dublado por Julian Koster ) - Um menino feiticeiro humano e estudante do segundo ano que ama monstros e é músico.
 Professor Caraway (dublado por Raye Rodriguez) - Um professor humano que dá uma aula sobre alfabetos sagrados e é um guardião poderoso. Ele também é um homem trans. amiga de lavanda.
 Moss Phlox (dublado por Audu Paden) - Um professor sátiro que ensina ferraria e é um guardião.
 Funcho (dublado por Audu Paden) - O pai de Rosemary que tem cabelo violeta.
 Chicory (dublado por AJ Beckles) - O irmão de Rosemary que tem cabelo lavanda.
 Anis (dublado por Haviland Stillwell) – prima lésbica de Sage.
 Aloe (dublado por Joy Lerner) – Esposa elfa lésbica de Anise.
 Wyverna Dretch (dublado por Haviland Stillwell) - Uma professora diabólica que dá aulas de ética na academia.
 Olive (dublado por Stephanie Sheh ) - Uma catgirl trabalhando para o Triunvirato. Ela é uma assassina habilidosa.
 Grog (dublado por Audu Paden) - Uma criatura que é avistada no campus da academia.
 Redbud (dublado por Barbara Goodson) - Uma professora de ciências da academia que coloca seus alunos em risco, até mesmo colocando suas vidas em risco, para "testá-los".
 Flora (dublada por Cindy Robinson ) - Mãe de Tomilho que a visita na cidade.
 Smoke Face (Dublado por Audu Paden)
 Cal (dublado por SungWon Cho ) - Um aluno da academia que é transfóbico para Snapdragon e brinca com sua disforia de gênero.
 Sage's Mom (dublado por Michelle Deco) - A mãe de Sage que aparece em um episódio.
 Sage's Dad (dublado por AJ Beckles) - O pai de Sage que aparece em um episódio.
 Angie (dublado por Wendee Lee) - Mãe de Salsa e muitos meninos. Casado com Sorrel.
 Sorrel (dublado por Cam Clarke) - Pai de Salsa e muitos meninos. Casado com Angie.
 Zinnia (dublado por Cindy Robinson ) - Estudante na academia que queria evitar o perigo.
 Kino (dublado por Raye Rodriguez) - Gato na academia.
 Demon (dublado por SungWon Cho) - Um demônio que Thyme tenta apelar para que ela possa falar com seu pai.
 Kelp (dublado por SungWon Cho) - Um tritão que Salsa, Tomilho, Sálvia e Alecrim conhecem.
 Coral (dublado por Haviland Stillwell) - Uma sereia por quem Thyme tem uma queda.
 Hawthorn (dublado por Audu Paden) - Pai de Snapdragon que a incentivou a ser "forte" como "um menino".
 Yarrow (dublado por Audu Paden) - Irmão de Snapdragon que zombou dela por ser "feminina".
 Elodie (dublado por Karen Strassman ) - Sereia na academia subaquática com Kelp e Coral. Auxiliado por Salsa, Sálvia, Alecrim e Tomilho.
 O Triunvirato (dublado por Audu Paden) - O misterioso grupo governante que aparece no final da série e são presumivelmente vilões.

Produção e lançamento
Em 2013, Rodriguez teve a ideia do show e a apresentou ao Frederator Studios, mas foi rejeitada. Posteriormente, foi lançado para a Crunchyroll em 2016, desenvolvido em quadrinhos em 2017 e relançado em 2018, quando Marge Dean começou na Crunchyroll, tornando-se um programa de TV.

O show começou a produção em 2017. De acordo com o currículo de Claire Stenger, co-desenvolvedora, escritora e co-editora de história do programa, ela trabalhou em documentos de apresentação, ajudou nas sessões de VO, deu notas e ajudou na redação, entre setembro de 2017 e outubro de 2018. O show foi originalmente programado para ser lançado no início de 2019, mas foi adiado. O programa encerrou a produção no outono de 2019, conforme observado por Raye Rodriguez, o criador da série e Anime News Network, embora a Crunchyroll tenha perdido os prazos de lançamento em 2019 e 2020. O revisor da ANN, Callum May, afirmou que a reação negativa de algumas pessoas à série foi o motivo da falta de comunicação ou lançamento da série e argumentou que a Crunchyroll tem um "problema de comunicação" interno e externo. Rodriguez afirmou que produziu "doze episódios de 22 minutos" do programa em seu site oficial.  Esse número de episódios foi confirmado com o anúncio oficial da data de estreia da série em outubro de 2021. Além de Rodriguez, que é um homem trans, o programa tinha uma sala de roteiristas composta totalmente por mulheres e uma equipe 50% feminina e "muito diversificada etnicamente e LGBTQ +", de acordo com o chefe do Crunchyroll Studios, então chamado Ellaton Studios, Margarida Dean.

Em 25 de fevereiro de 2020, a Crunchyroll lançou um trailer de 8 séries originais, incluindo High Guardian Spice e outras sete.

Em 4 de setembro de 2020, Ethan Supovitz da CBR descreveu a série como um próximo original da Crunchyroll que seria lançado em 2020, mas não deu uma data exata. Mais tarde naquele mês, foi revelado que Kristle Peluso, que também foi roteirista de Onyx Equinox e da segunda temporada de gen:LOCK, foi roteirista do programa. Em 15 de novembro de 2020, Constance Sarantos da CBR escreveu um artigo defendendo que a Crunchyroll lançasse a série, com esta última silenciosa sobre a data de lançamento do programa, observando que recebeu reação quando foi anunciada inicialmente, mas que o atraso parece ridículo neste momento. apontar.

Em 13 de maio de 2021, Rodriguez disse às pessoas para ficarem "atentas" a notícias sobre o programa no final do verão.

Em junho de 2021, foi anunciado que na virtual Crunchyroll Expo 2021, que acontecerá de 5 a 7 de agosto de 2021, haverá "novidades" sobre a série, especificamente no Painel da Indústria Crunchyroll em 6 de agosto. No mesmo mês, a Anime News Network afirmou que o programa receberá uma "nova data de lançamento no verão de 2021" e nenhum outro programa do estúdio foi anunciado além de High Guardian Spice. Em de agosto de 2021 foi um trailer da série, junto com nova arte dos personagens da série teve influências de garotas mágicas.

Em 21 de setembro de 2021, a Crunchyroll listou o programa como parte de sua programação do outono de 2021.

Em 10 de outubro de 2021, a Crunchyroll revelou a data de lançamento como 26 de outubro de 2021 e a lista do elenco. A série teve uma estreia de 12 episódios. Antes da estreia do programa, a Animation Magazine disse que Rodriguez quer tornar o mundo um "lugar mais amoroso e empático, compartilhando histórias fantásticas sobre personagens queer, diversos e relacionáveis".

Em uma entrevista em novembro de 2021, Rodriguez observou que foi inspirado por Magic Knight Rayearth, Sailor Moon, Petite Princess Yucie e Little Witch Academia, e descreveu o programa como tendo um "estilo de desenho animado híbrido Leste-Oeste". Ele também elogiou o elenco e a equipe do programa, observou a representação de vários tipos de corpo no programa e argumentou que a mensagem do programa é que ser um Guardião significa arriscar sua vida para defender o que você acredita, enquanto os protagonistas "têm que decidir por eles mesmos se este é realmente o caminho que eles querem trilhar". Rodriguez também disse que os avisos de conteúdo antes dos episódios não foram colocados ali por causa dele, e que a série não é "um programa adulto" e que embora haja palavrões e sangue brando, não é "apenas para o público adulto".

Em janeiro de 2022, Rodriguez revelou que a série tinha "orçamento significativamente baixo para os padrões de animação dos Estados Unidos", dizendo que muitos dos problemas que as pessoas atribuíam à série, em termos de escrita e arte, poderiam ser "atribuídos a esse baixo orçamento". Ele acrescentou que, embora o programa estivesse no Crunchyroll, era um desenho animado criado usando um pipeline de produção semelhante às animações americanas como as do Cartoon Network, descrevendo o programa como ambicioso artisticamente dentro do cronograma e orçamento fornecidos. Ele também afirmou que Onyx Equinox aprendeu com os erros cometidos no programa e era união, mas tinha "muito do mesmo time e do mesmo pipeline" e pediu às pessoas que pensassem sobre o que acontecia nos bastidores enquanto pensavam em quem começou a odiar o programa.

Representação LGBT
A série apresenta vários personagens LGBT. Anise, prima de Sage, é casada com uma elfa chamada Aloe, com Anise dublada por Haviland Stillwell, uma lésbica. O professor Caraway, professor da High Guardian Academy, é um homem trans. No terceiro episódio "Transformations", ele se revela um homem trans e é dublado pelo criador do programa, Raye Rodriguez. Snapdragon é uma mulher trans. Ao longo da série, Snapdragon "Snap" descobre quem ela é e Caraway a ajuda a se mover em direção à transição de gênero. A dubladora de Snap, Julia Kaye, confirmou que Snap é uma mulher trans e que Rodriguez baseou nela aspectos da personagem. Rodriguez confirmou ainda que Snap é uma mulher trans. A série também inclui membros do elenco LGBTQ como Cam Clarke abertamente gay (que dubla Neppy Cat e Sorrel) e Julian Koster ambiguamente queer (que dubla Slime Boy).

Em outubro de 2021, Rodriguez foi descrito como "apaixonado por contar histórias diversas e inclusivas" e observou que deseja compartilhar "histórias fantásticas sobre personagens queer, diversos e relacionáveis". Em uma entrevista em novembro de 2021, Rodriguez observou a importância da representação e expressou otimismo pela inclusão na animação. Ele elogiou ainda mais a Crunchyroll por não dar nenhum empurrão à representação LGBTQ na série, acrescentando que no mundo de High Guardian Spice, as pessoas "geralmente são muito mais tranquilas com as pessoas LGBTQ + do que na vida real".

Criticas da Mídia especializada.
A obra ganhou muitas criticas negativas perante a mídia especializada e amadora, no serviço de avaliações IMDb, sua nota ficou por volta de 2,0/10, sendo considerada como uma animação de baixa qualidade.

Os principais pontos levantados pelos criticos da obra são:

 Má qualidade na animação e muitos erros frequentes na mesma
 Enredo confuso dos episódios
 Criticas envolvendo os personagens LGBT, com alguns criticos afirmando terem sido colocados com única ou principal finalidade de divulgar apoio ao movimento LGBT, não necessariamente focando na qualidade do produto final.

Séries de televisão com temática transgênero
Programas de televisão produzidos pela Sony Pictures Television
Séries de televisão de garotas mágicas
Programas de televisão em língua inglesa
Séries de televisão de comédia animada dos Estados Unidos
Controvérsias de publicidade e marketing
Programas de televisão dos Estados Unidos encerrados em 2021
Programas de televisão que estrearam em 2021
!Identificador IMDb igual ao Wikidata

High Guardian Spice


منتخب أستراليا لكرة اليد هو الممثل الرسمي لأستراليا في منافسات كرة اليد للرجال.

سجل النتائج في بطولة العالم لكرة اليد للرجال

روابط إضافية
 The national handball team

مراجع

كرة يد في أستراليا
منتخبات رياضية وطنية رجالية في أستراليا
منتخبات كرة اليد

كرة اليد في أستراليا
منتخبات كرة يد وطنية رجالية

منتخب أستراليا لكرة اليد


Absenteismul (din ) era definit, inițial, ca un mod de exploatare a pământului printr-un intermediar, proprietarul ținându-se departe de proprietatea sa și încasând doar venitul pe care îl cheltuiește în altă țară.

Prin extensie, cuvântul a ajuns să desemneze o absență frecventă și nemotivată dintr-un loc de muncă sau de la o activitate.

Antonimul său este Prezenteismul.

Tipuri de absenteism
Absenteismul parlamentar este o practică folosită mai ales de deputații aflați în opoziție, constând în neparticiparea la sesiunile parlamentului, cu scopul de a întârzia sau de a împiedica adoptarea unor legi.

Absenteismul electoral. Din cauza absenteismului electoral este afectat însuși principiul constituțional al reprezentării iar autoritățile publice constituite prin proceduri elective la nivel național sau local au o legitimitate scăzută.

Absenteismul școlar reprezintă un tip de conduită evazionistă stabilă, permanentă a elevului (fuga de la școală) ce reflectă o atitudine lipsită de respect, interes, motivație și încredere în educația școlară și prefigurează analfabetismul funcțional și abandonul școlar. Efectele absenteismului școlar, pe lângă pierderi din sistemul de cunoștințe, tentații de comportamente delincvente, conflicte cu părinții sau grupul de prieteni, se manifestă pe termen lung prin inadaptarea socio-profesională generată de insuficienta pregătire, sau nefinalizarea studiilor, cu repercusiuni asupra imaginii de sine și implicit a stimei de sine, care într-un final pot fi generatoare de boli psihice, implicit de randament social scăzut.

Absenteismul la locul de muncă. Un angajat nu lipsește pur și simplu. Rata absenteismului crește atunci când sistemul organizațional nu corespunde nevoilor angajatului. Atunci când o persoană nu este motivată suficient, scade și interesul față de muncă, conștient sau inconștient. În general, cei care absentează mai des sunt tinerii, mai ales în primii ani de angajare, când apare un sentiment de omnipotență, dar pe măsură ce înaintează în vârstă, ei devin mai responsabili.

Note

Vezi și
 Prezenteism

Termeni juridici
Muncă

Absenteism


La route régionale 501 ()  est une route régionale allant de Marjala à Joensuu jusqu'à l'aéroport de Joensuu à Liperi en Finlande.

Présentation
La seututie 501 est une route régionale de Carélie du Nord.

Parcours
 Marjala
 Puhakka
 Jaamanlampi
 Aéroport de Joensuu

Références

Annexes

Liens externes

Articles connexes
 Seututie

501

Transport à Joensuu
Transport à Liperi

Seututie 501


Hybanthus monopetalus, es una especie de arbusto `perteneciente a la familia Violaceae. Se encuentra en el este de Australia en los bosques secos de eucaliptos,
a menudo, en la piedra arenisca o suelos de granito, donde se ve que crecen en lugares húmedos relativamente sombríos, rodeados de secos campo abierto.

Descripción

Es una planta herbácea perennifolia que alcanza  hasta 60 cm de alto, glabra. Las hojas son lineares a oblongas o elíptico-angostas, de 0.5-9 cm de largo, los márgenes recurvados; con estípulas lineares a triangulares, de 1,5 mm de largo. La inflorescencia es terminal o axilar. Sépalos de 2-3 mm de largo, de color verde. Pétalos de color azul-malva, pétalos inferiores 70-20 mm de largo; pétalos superiores lanceoladas, de 2-3 mm de largo, pétalos laterales de falcados, 2-3 mm de largo. Anteras a menudo con apéndices triangulares. El fruto en forma de cápsula de 3-6 mm de largo, con 3-6 semillas. Las flores se forman en cortos racimos en el extremo de las ramas.

Taxonomía
Hybanthus monopetalus fue descrita por (Schult.) Domin y publicado en Biblioth. Bot. 89: 430, en el año 1928.
Etimología
El epíteto específico monopetalus significa "un pétalo".
sinonimia
Hybanthus monopetalus var. abbreviatus Domin
Viola monopetala Schult.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

monopetalus

Hybanthus monopetalus


Darcílio Ayres Raunheitti, ou apenas Darcílio Ayres, (Nova Iguaçu, 24 de abril de 1924 – Nova Iguaçu, 11 de fevereiro de 1986) foi um oficial de justiça e político brasileiro, outrora deputado federal pelo Rio de Janeiro.

Dados biográficos
Filho de José Raunheitti e de Ducelília de Moura Raunheitti. Oficial de justiça, estreou na política pela UDN ao perder a eleição para deputado estadual pelo Rio de Janeiro em 1962. Com a instauração do bipartidarismo pelo Ato Institucional Número Dois em 1965, elegeu-se deputado estadual pelo MDB em 1966 e pela ARENA em 1970. Eleito deputado federal em 1974 e 1978, migrou para o PDS mediante a restauração do pluripartidarismo em 1980. Reeleito deputado federal em 1982, votou contra a Emenda Dante de Oliveira em 1984 e votou em Paulo Maluf no Colégio Eleitoral em 1985. Faleceu no curso do mandato vítima de câncer.

Irmão de Fábio Raunheitti, eleito deputado federal pelo Rio de Janeiro em 1986 e 1990.

Naturais de Nova Iguaçu
Deputados federais do Brasil pelo Rio de Janeiro
Deputados estaduais do Rio de Janeiro

Darcílio Ayres


الشيخ صلاح أبو إسماعيل (1927 - 1410 هـ / 1990) داعية إسلامي وأحد أعلام الإخوان المسلمين في مصر وهو والد الداعية حازم صلاح أبو إسماعيل.

ميلاده ونشاته
ولد في قرية بهرمس مركز إمبابة محافظة الجيزة بمصر، يوم 17-3-1927م، في بيت معروف بحفاوته بالعلم والعلماء، فجده الأعلى كان إماماً للخديوي إسماعيل، وأنجب ولدين تخرجا في الأزهر، توفي والده في ريعان الشباب، فتولَّت أمه رعايته أحسن رعاية، وكان في البيت مكتبة حافلة بنوادر المطبوعات والمخطوطات،

سيرته العلمية والعملية
 في سنة التخرج واجه الاعتقال الذي شنّه عبد الناصر على الإخوان ترك أثره النفسي على نتيجة الامتحان، فحصل على درجة «مقبول» وهو الطالب المتفوق في مراحله الدراسية السابقة.
 عمل في التدريس فترة، ثم نقل مديراً لمكتب شيخ الأزهر محمد الفحام، واستمر في نفس الوظيفة مع الدكتور عبد الحليم محمود حتى أقاله السادات من الوظيفة.

كان داعية في المحافل والمساجد ووسائل الإعلام، حيث كانت له حلقات إذاعية في تفسير القرآن في تلفاز «أبوظبي» قرابة خمسمائة حلقة، وتفسير سورة يوسف لتلفاز دولة البحرين قرابة الثلاثين حلقة، والمصحف المفسر لتلفاز المملكة العربية السعودية قرابة الثلاثين حلقة، ومئات الحلقات من البرامج الدينية لتلفاز قطر، وعشرات الحلقات الدينية لتلفاز سلطنة عمان، وثلاثين حلقة لتلفاز دولة الكويت... إلخ، وكان من أهم تلك الحلقات حلقات «أسلوب الإسلام في بناء الإنسان» و«العدل في الإسلام» و«الإسلام والقتال» و«اليهود في القرآن»، وهذه الأخيرة قامت «جمعية عبد الله النوري» بالكويت بطباعتها وتوزيعها على نطاق واسع، كما أسهم الشيخ صلاح أبو إسماعيل بالكتابة في الصحف والمجلات العربية، وشارك في إلقاء محاضرات في كل من مصر والسودان وقطر والبحرين والإمارات والكويت والهند وإندونيسيا وسنغافورة وبريطانيا وأمريكا وغيرها.

لقد كان صلاح أبو إسماعيل داعية إسلامياً كبيراً، كثير الاختلاط بالناس، يخطب فيهم منذ كان في سن الخامسة عشرة، فكانت فصاحته تأخذ بالألباب، وكلماته تنمّ عن عقل راجح، وذكاء متوقّد، حتى صار محطّ احترام وتوقير من حوله، يلجؤون إليه للإصلاح بين المتخاصمين، وحلّ مشكلات المحيطين به، وقد نمت هذه الخاصية عنده، فكان نجم فضّ المنازعات واستئصال نوازع الشر من قلوب العائلات وبالاخص في بلدته «بهرمس» والدائرة الانتخابية التي كان يمثلها من أول قري امبابة حتي بلدة بني سلامة علي حدود الجيزة مع البحيرة وفي غيرها من القرى والمدن المصرية.

خاض الحياة النيابية مناضلاً في سبيل مبادئه.. ولم يثنه حظر العمل الإسلامي رسمياً عن التماس السبل للصدع بكلمة الحق، رفع شعار: «أعطني صوتك لنصلح الدنيا بالدين»، وقد دخل البرلمان المصري منذ سنة 1976م وحتى وفاته سنة 1990م، وضرب المثل لإنفاق المال في خدمة الدين، فأنشأ في بلدته مجمعاً ضخماً للمعاهد الأزهرية، يضم مختلف مراحل التعليم ورفض ان يسمي المعهد الأزهري الذي شيدة في بلدتة بهرمس مركز امبابة بالجيزة باسمة إلا أن الأزهر أطلق علية اسم الشيخ تخليدا لذكراة واشادة بدورة وما بذلة من جهد في خدمة الدعوة الإسلامية وذلك بعد وفاتة كما شيّد مسجداً كبيراً بالقرية، وساهم بالمال وبالجهود في إنشاء حوالي خمسين معهداً دينياً بالعديد من القري والمدن بكافة المحافظات.

لقد كان من ألمع قادة الصحوة الإسلامية كما يقول الشيخ محمد الغزالي ومن أنصعهم بياناً، وأعمقهم إيماناً، وكان يعتمد في دعوته إلى الإسلام على تفسير القرآن الكريم. احتلت مقاومة العلمانيين والشيوعيين جانباً بارزاً في حياته، وقد جاهد مع زملائه في البرلمان لإصدار قوانين الشريعة الإسلامية، وقد جمع هذه القوانين وأعدّها لتكون تحت مسؤولية المجلس، ولم يترك فرصة إلا وتكلم في المجلس منادياً بتطبيق الشريعة الإسلامية، ومنتقداً القوانين الوضعية التي تتعارض معها، ومطالباً بتعديلها.

من مؤلفاته
 اليهود في القرآن الكريم.
 شهادة حق في قضية العصر.
 في تفسير القرآن الكريم.
 تفسير سورة يوسف.
 أسلوب الإسلام في بناء الإنسان.
 العدل في الإسلام.
 الإسلام والقتال.

من أقواله
 "الدنيا دار ممر.. لا دار مقر.. فنحن نمر بها مروراً، مهما طال بنا الأجل.. ولن نخلّد فيها أبداً.. وما دام الحال هكذا في هذه الحياة الدنيا.. لماذا الحقد والغلّ والحسد؟ لماذا التطاحن والتناحر؟ إن النفس الصافية تريح صاحبها، ويستريح لها من هم حوله.. والقلب الذي لا يحمل غلاً لأحد.. يعيش صاحبه حياة هادئة مطمئنة، وصدق رسول الله { حين قال: "إن في الجسد مضغة إذا صلحت صلح الجسد كله، وإذا فسدت فسد الجسد كله، ألا وهي القلب".
 ويقول: «إن أهم الأحداث تأثيراً في نفسي وتفكيري ما أراه من شعارات إسلامية ترفعها بعض الدول في حين ترى واقعاً حافلاً بشتى المتناقضات مع تلك الشعارات. ولقد عرفت طريقي إلى مركز جماعة الإخوان المسلمين أيام الدراسة الابتدائية، إذ كان مسكن أسرتي في» الحلمية«نفس الحي الذي يقوم فيه المركز العام للإخوان المسلمين، وقد اجتذبتني أحاديث المرشد العام الإمام حسن البنا مساء كل ثلاثاء، فثابرت على حضورها، دون أن أسجل انتمائي إلى الجماعة، على الرغم من وثيق ارتباطي بأفكارها، وتقديري لإمامها. وحين استشهد الإمام البنا، واحتجبت الجماعة رسمياً عن الساحة، جاء دور البلاء، فكان النكال الرهيب الذي صُب على أقطاب الجماعة وشبابها، وقد رأيت ما يحير الألباب، ويثير الدهشة، إذ كيف يلقى هؤلاء الرجال الذين يستحقون كل تكريم، هذا العذاب الأليم؟ وأدركت أن وراء المحن أعداء الإسلام ومخالب الاستعمار، الذي لم يزل جاثماً على صدر الكنانة، ولقد كان لتلك الأحداث أثر بعيد في إعداد النفوس لقبول ثورة الضباط سنة 1952م، فلما استوت على سوقها، وقضت على جميع الأحزاب السياسية، إلا جماعة الإخوان المسلمين، الذين فسحت لهم مجال العودة إلى نشاطهم الدعوي، بادرتُ إلى تجديد اتصالي بهم، وفي صدري أمل قوي بأن العهد الجديد سيفضي إلى تطبيق الشريعة الإسلامية، وتحقيق المجتمع المثالي الذي يحلم به الإخوان، وذات مساء وفي أعقاب الحديث الأسبوعي» درس الثلاثاء«، أعلن عن حديث خاص للقاضي عبد القادر عودة وكيل الجماعة آنذاك، يلقيه يوم الخميس في المركز العام للإخوان المسلمين.. وقد استهواني حديثه، وترك في نفسي من التأثير ما جعلني أعتقد أن تغيير الفكر أساس لتغيير السلوك.. وكان مما قاله الأستاذ عودة يومئذ:» نحن في بلد يحكمه نظام دستوري، أساسه سلطة الأغلبية، فإذا استطعنا أن نحشد الأكثرية تحت شعار «لا حكم إلا بالقرآن»، فذلك هو السبيل الدستوري لتطبيق الشريعة الإسلامية«. في هذه الليلة فقط، أحسست أن ما مضى من عمر اتصالي بجماعة الإخوان المسلمين لم أكن فيه إلا سلبياً أسمع ولا أرى داعياً للانتماء إلى هذه الجماعة، على الرغم من إعجابي بروحانية الإمام حسن البنا. أما الآن فقد تحولت طاقتي كلها للعمل على دعوة الناس للانتظام في سلك الجماعة. ووفقني الله، فأحدثتُ في مركز الجماعة بإمبابة الجيزة أكثر من عشرين شعبة للإخوان، وانتخبني إخواني رئيساً بمركز الجهاد ب» بهرمس«واختارني إخواني في كلية اللغة العربية بالأزهر مسؤولاً عن نشاط جماعة الإخوان فيها».

(قالوا عنه)

 يقول الأستاذ محمد المجذوب في كتابه «علماء ومفكرون عرفتهم»: «كثيرون جداً أولئك الذين يريدون أن يقرؤوا سيرة الشيخ صلاح أبو إسماعيل، لأنه بات في أيامهم هذه من التحف النادرة التي قل أن يقعوا عليها في واقعهم، ولعل معظم هؤلاء قد فوجئوا لأول مرة باسم هذا الرجل يوم ألقى بقذيفته المدوية أمام المحكمة المنعقدة لمحاكمة من يسمونهم» جماعة الجهاد«في القاهرة، فانطلق صداها يتردد في الصحف والإذاعات العالمية، ثم لم يتوقف دويها حتى اليوم.. وحق لهم أن يفاجؤوا، وحق لوسائل الإعلام العالمية أن تردد ذلك الصدى، لأنه كان نذيراً بأنه لا يزال بين علماء الإسلام من يؤثر مرضاة الله على النفس والحياة والمنصب، فيعلن شهادة الحق في أحرج المواقف، يرسلها مجلجلة ناصعة لا تخاف في الله لومة لائم، حفاظاً على قلبه من أن يخالطه الإثم الذي أوعد الله به كاتمي الشهادة. وإنها، لعمر الحق، لبطولة تفوق سائر البطولات، التي ألف الناس أن يروها ويقيموا لها الأنصاب والمعالم.. وبخاصة بعد أن خرست أصوات الصادقين، وطغت ضوضاء المنافقين، وأصبحت فنون البلاء موكلة بالألسن، فهي تتهيب أن تهمس بكلمة الحق، خشية أن تقطع أو تنزع.. وبهذه الروح، وبهذه النظرة إلى موقف الرجل في ذلك اليوم التاريخي، قصدت إلى زيارته في داره بحي الدقي من القاهرة، وكان الحوار».
 ويقول عنه ابنه الأستاذ حازم صلاح أبوإسماعيل: «رباني والدي من خلال الصحبة والتفاعل، فلم يكن يأمر أو ينهى، ولم يكن أيضاً مجرد ناقل خبرات، أو مصدر تعليمات، بل كان لي صاحباً وشريكاً في شؤوني، كما كنت شريكه في كل أموره، حتى وأنا طفل صغير كنت ألازمه في كثير من اللقاءات والأسفار، عندما كان يعد بحثاً أو خطبة أو محاضرة، كان يناديني ويقول لي: مطلوب منا أن نعد بحثاً لتقديمه حول موضوع كذا، وعندما أجد نفسي لا أعرف من أين أبدأ، يوجهني ويقترح علي الكتب، ويناقش معي جوانب الموضوع ومصادره. كان وقته محدوداً، ولكنه يحسن استغلاله، وبهذه الطريقة كان التدريب العقلي والتربوي والخلقي يأتي من خلال الصحبة والتفاعل، كان يسمح لي بإبداء الرأي في كل الأمور، لدرجة أنني كنت أقترح عليه أن يكتب رداً معيناً إجابة عن موضوع من الموضوعات فيقول لي: طيّب اكتب لي المشروع ونرى».
 ويقول المستشار عبد الله العقيل عن معرفته به:
 بدأت معرفتي بالشيخ صلاح أبوإسماعيل، حين كنا ندرس في الأزهر، وهو في كلية اللغة العربية، وأنا في كلية الشريعة، وكنا نعتبره من محبي الإخوان ومؤيديهم، ثم زاد ارتباطه بالجماعة من خلال النشاط في الكلية، وقد تخرج في نفس السنة التي تخرجت فيها، حيث غادرت مصر قبيل اشتداد الطغيان الناصري، ولم ألتقه بعدها حتى أوائل السبعينيات، حين زرت مصر بعد هلاك الطاغية عبد الناصر، والتقيت بإخواني وأساتذتي الذين حدثوني عن نشاط الشيخ، فزرته في بيته، وتوثقت الصلة به، ثم زارنا في الكويت، كما سعدت به في موسم الحج، حيث شاركنا في مخيم الرابطة، وأكبرتُ فيه هذه الحيوية والنشاط، رغم ما كان يعانيه من السمنة الزائدة، والأمراض التي يتعاطى الأدوية لعلاجها.
 وكان ذا عزيمة وبأس، واستخفاف بأصوات الناعقين من العلمانيين والمنافقين، الذين يتصدرون وسائل الإعلام المسموعة والمقروءة والمرئية، ويرى أنهم من التفاهة بمكان، لأنهم يغيّرون جلودهم، ويتلونون مع الأحداث، ويلبسون لكل حال لبوسها، ويسيرون في ركاب السلطة لتحقيق مطامعهم ومآربهم الشخصية ويزلفون للطغاة، ويزينون لهم أعمالهم ويحرضونهم على الدعاة الصادقين، الذين يقولون كلمة الحق أمام جور السلاطين.
 وكان يستبشر خيراً بمستقبل الأمة في شبابها، من أبناء الصحوة الإسلامية والتيار الإسلامي، الذين جاءت هزائم الحكام أمام عصابات اليهود، لتوقظ مشاعرهم، وتستنهض هممهم، وتدفع بهم إلى طريق الإسلام، دين العزة والكرامة، والمنهج الحق الذي يصلح ما أفسده الطغاة، ويجمع جماهير الأمة لتحمّل المسؤولية في إرساء قواعد الحق والعدل، وإشاعة الأمن والأمان، والسير قدماً في طريق تحقيق سيادة الأمة، ونصرة الدين.
 وكان يقول: إن أعمق الرجال تأثيراً في تكويني الروحي بعد رسول الله { وخلفائه الراشدين هم ثلاثة من الرجال الأفذاذ وهم: الإمام الشهيد حسن البنا، ثم خليفته الأستاذ حسن الهضيبي، ذو الشخصية الصلبة الباهرة، والنظرة العميقة، والإخلاص الذي جعله خير عوض عن الفقيد الشهيد حسن البنا، ثم المفكر العالم القاضي الفقيه عبد القادر عودة.
 وكان في مجلس النواب يلجأ كثيراً لاستجواب الوزراء والمسؤولين، حيث استجوب وزير السياحة، ووزير الأوقاف، ووزير الإعلام، كما استجوب رئيس الوزراء عن تصريح السادات ب: «لا سياسة في الدين ولا دين في السياسة» وعن قول السادات: إن قدوته مصطفى كمال أتاتورك الماسوني العلماني.

وفاته
أدركه الأجل يوم الإثنين 4-11-1410ه 28-5-1990م في مطار «أبوظبي» وهو يستعد للعودة إلى مصر، بعد جولة علمية في دول الخليج رحم الله الشيخ وأسكنه فسيح جناته. نقل جثمانه إلى القاهرة حيث صلي عليه في مسجد عمر مكرم بميدان التحرير يوم الأربعاء 30-5-1990م، ودفن في مقابر الاسرة ببهرمس بالجيزة. أثنى عليه الشيخ علي الطنطاوي، واعتبره من عباقرة المسلمين في هذا العصر، لما كان له من أثر في السياسة الإسلامية وما أحدثه من تغييرات .

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 من أعلام الدعوة والحركة الإسلامية المعاصرة: (103) الشيخ صلاح أبو إسماعيل.. الناطق بكلمة الحق بقلم: المستشار عبد الله العقيل

أعضاء مجلس الشعب المصري 1976
أعضاء مجلس الشعب المصري 1979
أعضاء مجلس الشعب المصري 1987
إخوان مسلمون مصريون
علماء دين سنة مصريون
مواليد 1927
وفيات 1410 هـ
وفيات 1990

صلاح أبو إسماعيل


"Seek & Destroy" pjesma je američkog thrash metal sastava Metallica. Pjesma je deveta po redu na debitantskom albumu Metallice, Kill 'Em All iz 1983. godine. Također se nalazi na demoalbumu No Life 'til Leather. Prva je pjesma koju je sastav snimio u studiju. "Seek & Destroy" redovno se svira na svakom koncertu grupe od njenog debitantskog izvođenja 1982. godine te je bila završna pjesma od Madly in Anger with the World turneje pa do Metallica By Request turneje. Pjesma je također treća najsviranija pjesma grupe, odsvirana čak 1,525 puta do listopada 2019. godine, a ispred nje su samo "Creeping Death" (1,533) i "Master of Puppets" (1,670).

Tijekom dokumentarnog filma o Metallici iz 2004. godine, Metallica: Some Kind of Monster, pjesma je korištena u montaži prikazivanja mjenjanja zvuka i izgleda sastava kroz godine rada. Na AOL Radioovoj listi top 10 pjesama Metallice, "Seek & Destroy" se nalazi na četvrtom mjestu, a AllMusicov Steve Huey izabrao ju je za najbolju pjesmu s Kill 'Em Alla.

Nakon terorističkih napada 11. rujna 2001. godine, pjesma se našla na listi neprimjerenih naslova za puštanje nakon napada, koju je objavio Clear Channel.

Pisanje i inspiracija
Pjesma je o naglom osjećaju za ubijanje, ali ne i njegovom usavršavanju. Tijekom Kill 'Em All for One turneje, Hetfield bi se našalio i rekao da pjesma nije o lovu. Rečeno je kako je pjesma inspirirana pjesmom "Dead Reckoning" od Diamond Heada. Prve tri mini solo dionice su izvedene iz pjesme "Princess of the Night" od Saxona. Metallica je napisala konačnu solo dionicu. Nakon debitantske pojave pjesme na Kill 'Em All, Hammett se ispričao zbog neobičnog zvuka savijanja žice koji se čuje od 3:47 do 3:48, tijekom solo dionice. To je zapravo ili pogreška ili "pogrešna note".

Izvedbe uživo
Pjesma je jedna od najdražih pjesama obožavatelja Metallice te je bila svirana na svakom koncertu sastava od samog početka. Najčešće se svira kao zadnja pjesma na koncertu, barem od Madly in Anger with the World turneje, a Hetfield često kaže publici da pjevanju s njim; zadere se "Searching," a oni se zaderu "Seek and destroy!" Tijekom Wherever We May Roam turneje, Jason Newsted pjevao je vokale na "Seek & Destroy"; ipak, pri kraju pjesme, Hetfield je preuzeo vokale te govorio publici da uzastopo ponavljaju "Seek and destroy!".

Također je dao publici da individualno pjevaju određene djelove pjesme. Pjesma, koja traje oko 7 minuta, je na toj izvedbi trajala od 16 do 20 minuta.

Od 2004. godine, basist Robert Trujillo vrti se u krug sa svojom bas-gitarom nakon gitarske solo dionice prije završnog dijela.

Značajno je i da je "Seek & Destroy" zadnja pjesma koja je svirana u Nürburgringu prije što se lokacije za Rock am Ring festival promijenila.

Izvedba uživo s Cliffom Burtonom na bas-gitari iz 1985. godine, je dostpuna na DVD-u Cliff 'Em All.

Osoblje
 James Hetfield – vokali, ritam gitara
 Lars Ulrich – bubnjevi
 Kirk Hammett – glavna gitara
 Cliff Burton – bas-gitara

Izvori

Bibliografija
 Malcolm Dome; Mick Wall (1996.). The complete guide to the music of Metallica. Omnibus Press. .

Singlovi 1980-ih
Skladbe Metallice

Seek & Destroy


HMAS Gympie (J238/M238), named for the city of Gympie, Queensland, was one of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes constructed during World War II, and one of 36 initially manned and commissioned solely by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN).

Design and construction

In 1938, the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board (ACNB) identified the need for a general purpose 'local defence vessel' capable of both anti-submarine and mine-warfare duties, while easy to construct and operate. The vessel was initially envisaged as having a displacement of approximately 500 tons, a speed of at least , and a range of  The opportunity to build a prototype in the place of a cancelled Bar-class boom defence vessel saw the proposed design increased to a 680-ton vessel, with a  top speed, and a range of , armed with a 4-inch gun, equipped with asdic, and able to fitted with either depth charges or minesweeping equipment depending on the planned operations: although closer in size to a sloop than a local defence vessel, the resulting increased capabilities were accepted due to advantages over British-designed mine warfare and anti-submarine vessels. Construction of the prototype  did not go ahead, but the plans were retained. The need for locally built 'all-rounder' vessels at the start of World War II saw the "Australian Minesweepers" (designated as such to hide their anti-submarine capability, but popularly referred to as "corvettes") approved in September 1939, with 60 constructed during the course of the war: 36 (including Gympie) ordered by the RAN, 20 ordered by the British Admiralty but manned and commissioned as RAN vessels, and 4 for the Royal Indian Navy.

Gympie was laid down by Evans Deakin & Co at Brisbane, Queensland on 27 August 1941. She was launched on 30 January 1942 by Mrs Deakin, wife of the managing director, and commissioned into the RAN in Brisbane on 4 November 1942.

Operational history
From November 1942 to February 1944, Gympie escorted convoys off Australia's east coast. While none of the convoys under her protection were attacked, she came to the aid of the torpedoed US ship Peter H. Burnett in January 1943. Following a refit Gympie was deployed to New Guinean waters in February 1944, where she was used for escort and anti-submarine patrol duties. She returned to Australia in February 1945 for a refit and was returned to New Guinea in July 1945.

Following the end of World War II, Gympie participated in surrender ceremonies at Dili on 24 September and Kupang on 3 October, after which she performed survey work in the area. In November, the corvette collided with the merchant vessel SS Tullahoma, and returned to Brisbane for minor repairs.

The ship received two battle honours for her wartime service: "Pacific 1943–45" and "New Guinea 1943–44".

Decommissioning and fate
Gympie was decommissioned into reserve in Brisbane on 23 May 1946. In early November 1947, she was towed to Sydney by sister ship Lithgow.

Gympie was sold for scrapping on 6 January 1961 to Kinoshita (Australia) Pty Ltd.

Citations

References
Books

Journal and news articles

Bathurst-class corvettes of the Royal Australian Navy
Ships built in Queensland
1942 ships
World War II corvettes of Australia

HMAS Gympie


فيتلوزهسكيي  هي مدينة في مقاطعة نيجني نوفغورود أوبلاست في روسيا.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 5274 نسمة.

مراجع

مدن مقاطعة نيجني نوفغورود

فيتلوجسكي (نيجني نوفغورود)


La casa de la moneda de Barcelona, más conocida como la Seca era un establecimiento situada entre las calles de Flasaders, de la Seca y de las Moscas, al barrio de Barrio de La Ribera de la distrito de Ciudad Vieja de Barcelona, activa entre los años 1441 y 1868. Todavía se conserva el edificio llamado Casa de Moneda o la Seca.

Historia
La existencia de la casa moneda de Barcelona viene de la más remota antigüedad, el nombre proveniente de la palabra hispanoárabe sekka, de (dâr as) säkka, que significa "(casa de) moneda" o más generalmente "lugar donde se fabrica moneda". En 1849 se comentaba:"este establecimiento data del tiempo de la denominación de los árabes, puesto que el P. Guadix y otros autores antiguos tienen por árabe la voz Zeca y tampoco sería extraño que nos quedase de los árabes la denominación de la casa Moneda en su idioma, cuando se conservaron en Cataluña las marmudinas y los morabaliñes monedas propias de aquel pueblo."El origen de este establecimiento se pierde en la oscuridad de los tiempos pues ya el Alfonso V de Aragón a 17 de julio de 1441, por real privilegio que se conserva en el Archivo General de la Corona de Aragón, concedió en enfiteusis a Leonardo de Sol ujier de S.M. e hijo de Jaime Sol, la Fábrica de moneda existente de tiempo antiguo e inmemorial en la casa que aquel poseía en la calle de las Moscas en la Ribera. Existían también casas de moneda en Madrid y en Sevilla.

Después de los Decretos de Nueva Planta la Casa de Moneda reduce su actividad, pero sigue activa. La casa de Moneda dejó de funcionar entre 1814 y 1822 y entre 1823 y 1837. Ese año, la Diputación Provincial la reactivó, hasta el año 1868 cuandó cerró definitivamente con el advenimiento de la primera república.

Monedas acuñadas
Algunas de las monedas que acuñó la fábrica de Barcelona fueron: Recaredo I; Wifredo II; D. Jaime I; D. Pedro III de Aragón; D. Alfonso III de Aragón; D. Jaime II; D. Alfonso IV (gruesos blancos); D. Pedro IV de Aragón; D. Juan I; D. Martin; D. Fernando I y D. Juan I de Castilla; D. Alfonso V; D. Juan II de Navarra; D. Fernando II; Doña Juana la Loca y D. Carlos de Castilla; D. Felipe II (primera moneda labrada en Barcelona que marcó el año de su acuñación: 1595); D. Felipe III y D. Felipe IV; D. Luis IV de Francia; D. Carlos II; D. Felipe V; D. Carlos III (1706); D. Luis I; D. Fernando VI; D. Carlos III (1759); D. Carlos IV (1789); medalla en memoria de la llegada a Barcelona de Carlos IV y María Luisa (1802); monedas provinciales de oro, plata y cobre, durante la invasión francesa (1808)...

Maquinaria y funcionamiento
Las máquinas del servicio de esta casa de moneda fueron construidas en Barcelona. Esta casa tenía un departamento de maquinaria con su fragua, diferentes útiles de limar y taladrar, dos tornos, uno mayor movido por el vapor, etc. el cual con la ayuda de las acreditadas fundiciones de hierro de esta ciudad, fabricaba las máquinas necesarias y cuidaba de su conservación.

El servicio de esta casa se mantenía en 1849 con 9 empleados y 62 operarios incluidos los de maquinaria. Tenía diez cilindros o lamineras de los que cinco podían funcionar por medio de vapor y los cinco restantes a fuerza de hombres; siete cortadores; tres prensas monetarias para acuñar; tres volantes a la virola para idem, un volante antiguo para id., dos máquinas de cepillar, esto es para quitar metal a las piezas que pasan del peso y tres máquinas de acordonar. Si hubieran estado en acción las cuatro máquinas de acuñar solamente, rendirían en las diez horas de trabajo diario sobre 46.000 piezas, esto es 19 o 20 piezas por minuto. Mucha parte de estas máquinas se llevaron a Madrid.

Referencias

Casas de la Moneda en España
Edificios y estructuras de Barcelona

Casa de la moneda de Barcelona


La base aérienne de Marigny-le-Grand est une ancienne base aérienne de l'OTAN située à Marigny dans le département de la Marne.

L'emprise de la base est maintenant utilisée par un site Natura 2000 et une centrale solaire photovoltaïque.

Historique

Marigny-le-Grand avait été choisi pour accueillir une "plate-forme d'opérations" (un terrain préparé pour l'aviation) dès 1939. Le terrain sera restitué à l'agriculture après la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Les études en vue de la construction de l'aérodrome commencent en 1951. L'acquisition des terrains se fait en plusieurs tranches, notamment 127 ha puis 160 ha en 1952 et 1954.

Une piste de  de long et  de large, un taxiway et trois marguerites (parking pour avions autour d'un taxiway en forme de marguerite) composées de 16 alvéoles sont créés.

Base aérienne pour l'OTAN (1955-1966)
L'aérodrome devait être utilisé comme base de dispersion pour l'OTAN en cas de conflit. Il ne possède donc ni infrastructure (tour de contrôle, hangars, casernements), ni unités aériennes.

Rattachement à la Base 112 (1966-1998)
L'aérodrome a ensuite été utilisé par les avions de la Base aérienne 112 Reims-Champagne. L'aérodrome est officiellement fermé à toute circulation aérienne le .

Site Natura 2000 (2006)
L'emprise de l'aérodrome devient une zone de protection spéciale (ZPS) pour les oiseaux, gérée par le conservatoire d'espaces naturels de Champagne-Ardenne.  Le site "Natura 2000 Marigny, Superbe, vallée de l'Aube" est ainsi créé le .

Centrale solaire photovoltaïque (2021)
Une centrale solaire est construite sur une partie du site par le groupe CVE en 2021.  panneaux photovoltaïques sont installés sur .

Rassemblement évangélique
L'aérodrome a accueilli le rassemblement évangélique des Tziganes Vie et Lumière en
1991.

Teknivals
Plusieurs teknivals se sont tenus sur l'aérodrome en 2001, 2003, 2005 et 2018.

Voir aussi
 United States Air Forces in Europe
 Liste des aérodromes en France

Références

Marigny-le-Grand
Marigny-le-Grand

Base aérienne de Marigny-le-Grand


Alianza Social (Kurzform: AS) ist eine sozialistische Partei in Bolivien, die im Jahr 2004 regional durch den indigenen Politiker René Joaquino gegründet und im Februar 2006 auf das gesamte Land ausgedehnt wurde.

Grundlage für die Ausdehnung der Partei auf Landesebene war der große Erfolg von Joaquino als Bürgermeister von Potosí, wo er bis zu 65 Prozent der Wähler für sein Wahlprogramm gewinnen konnte. Die Politik der Alianza Social steht anderen Parteien des politisch linken Flügels nahe, wie der Partido Socialista (PS) und der Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS) des bolivianischen Präsidenten Evo Morales. Nach seinem Rücktritt als Bürgermeister konnte Joaquino bei den Präsidentschaftswahlen von 2009 etwa 2,3 Prozent der Wählerstimmen auf sich vereinigen, so dass die Alianza Social mit zwei Abgeordneten im Parlament vertreten ist.

Weblinks
  (spanisch) Archiv-Version abgerufen 6. Februar 2016
  (spanisch)
 Alianza Social - Programa de Gobierno Dezember 2009 (spanisch)
 Se quiebra la estructura de Alianza Social y Plan Progreso para Bolivia pierde otro aliado en Sucre 13. Oktober 2009 (spanisch)

Partei (Bolivien)
Sozialistische Partei
Gegründet 2004

Alianza Social (Bolivien)


El Marquesado de la Lealtad es un título nobiliario español creado el 28 de marzo de 1824 por el rey Fernando VII a favor de Bernardo de Elío y Leyzaur, en honor a su padre Francisco Javier de Elío y Olóndriz, Capitán General de los Ejércitos, Virrey del Río de la Plata, y de su esposa María Lorenza Leyzaur y Mendívil.

Escudo de armas
«En campo de oro, una cruz recrucetada y vacía, de gules. Escusón de azur, cargado de las letras FLH (Fidelidad, Lealtad, Honor) surmontadas de la corona Real, todo de oro».

Marqueses de la Lealtad

Historia de los marqueses de la Lealtad

 Bernardo de Elío y Leyzaur, I marqués de la Lealtad. No dejó descendencia. Por su hermana María de los Dolores de Elío y Leyzaur que se había casado con Joaquín de Elío y Ezpeleta, I duque de Elío  (G. de E.), tuvo por hijo a Juan de Elío y Elío que se enlazó con Inés Mencos y Ezpeleta y de cuyo hijo, por rehabilitación del marquesado, le sucedería en el título ya que era su sobrino nieto.

Rehabilitado en 1925 por:

 Joaquín de Elío y Mencos, II marqués de la Lealtad. No dejó descendencia. Su hermana Blanca de Elío y Mencos que se había casado con Alfonso Gaztelu y Martitorena, tuvo una hija. Por lo tanto, le sucedió su sobrina:

 María Teresa de Gaztelu y Elío, III marquesa de la Lealtad, X marquesa de Góngora. Le sucedió su hermana:

 María Inés de Gaztelu y Elío,  IV marquesa de la Lealtad, II duquesa de Elío.
Casó con Rafael de Elío y Gaztelu, IX marqués de Vessolla, XI conde de Ablitas, XVIII vizconde de Val de Erro. Le sucedió su nieto:

 Francisco Javier de Elío y de Gaztelu (1945-2016),  V marqués de la Lealtad, III duque de Elío, X marqués de Vessolla, XI conde de Ayanz, XI marqués de Góngora (como sucesor de su tía María Teresa de Gaztelu y Elío), XIII conde de Ablitas y XIX vizconde de Val de Erro.
 Casó con María del Pilar Aguilera y Narváez, condesa de Foncalada, hija de Fernando de Aguilera y Abárzuza, VI marqués de Cúllar de Baza y de María del Pilar Narváez y Coello de Portugal, hija, a su vez del marqués de Oquendo y de la marquesa de Castro. Le sucedió, por cesión en 2005 su sobrino:

 Javier de Elío y Garralda, VI marqués de la Lealtad (Real carta sucesión 16/02/2005).

Referencias

Lealtad, de la

Marquesado de la Lealtad


Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin, (d. 3 Ekim 1895 - ö. 28 Aralık 1925), Rus şair.

Biyografi
Rusya'nın Ryazan bölgesinde Konstantinovo (bugün Yesenino) köyünde çiftçi bir ailenin çocuğu olarak doğdu. Dokuz yaşındayken şiir yazmaya başladı. 1912'de düzeltmen olarak çalıştığı yayınevi tarafından Moskova'ya gönderildi. Ertesi yıl Moskova Devlet Üniversitesinde dışarıdan öğrenci olarak katıldı ve bir buçuk yıl boyunca orada çalıştı. 1915'te Alexander Blok, Sergei Gorodetsky, Nikolai Klyuev ve Andrey Bely gibi şairlerle tanışmak için Sankt-Peterburg'a gitti. Alexander Blok'tan şairlik kariyeri açısından büyük destek aldı.

1916-1917'de, askere çağrıldı. I. Dünya Savaşının patlak vermesinden sonra devrimin daha iyi bir yaşam sağlayacağına inandı ve Ekim Devrimini destekledi. Fakat daha sonra Bolşevizmin kurallarını kritize ederek bunları şiirlerine yansıttı. Ağustos 1917'de, daha sonra Vsevolod Meyerhold'un eşi olan aktris Zinaida Raikh ile evlendi. Eylül 1918'de kendi yayınevini kurdu.(Трудовая Артель Художников Слова)

1921'in sonuna doğru ressam Gheorghi Yakulov'i ziyaret ettiği sırada, 44 yaşında olan dansçı Isadora Duncan ile tanıştı. 1922 yılında evlendiler. Birlikte Avrupa ve Amerika seyahatleri yaptılar. Yesenin'in içki sorunu; onu otel ve lokanta gibi yerlerde taşkınlık yapmasına sebep oldu. Mayıs 1923'te Duncan'den ayrılıp Moskova'ya döndü. 1924'te Tavern Moscow ve Confessions of a Hooligan, 1925'te ise Desolate and Pale Moonlight ve The Black Man'''i yayınladı.

 İntihar
Sergey Yesenin, psikolojik bir rahatsızlık yaşadı ve bir ay akıl hastanesinde kaldı. Noel için hastaneden çıkarıldıktan birkaç gün sonra, 28 Aralık 1925'te İngiltere Oteli'ndeki odasında kendini asarak intihar etti. Cesedinin yanında, intiharından bir gün önce bileklerini kesip kendi kanıyla Mayakovski'ye yazdığı veda şiiri bulundu. Sergei Yesenin, Moskova'nın Vagankovskoye mezarlığına defnedildi.

Rusya'nın en popüler şairlerinden birisi olması ve cenazesi için devlet töreni düzenlenmesine rağmen Josef Stalin ve Nikita Khrushchev'in Başkanlığı esnasında, eserlerinin büyük bölümü Kremlin tarafından yasaklandı. Nikolay Bukharin'in Yesenin'i eleştirisi, önemli şekilde yasaklamaya katkıda bulundu. Eserleri yeniden ancak 1966'da yayınlandı.

 Eserleri
 The Scarlet of the Dawn (1910)
 The high waters have licked (1910)
 The Birch Tree (1913)
 Autumn (1914)
 The Bitch (1915)
 I'll glance in the field (1917)
 I left the native home (1918)
 Hooligan (1919)
 Hooligan's Confession (1920)
 I am the last poet of the village (1920)
 Prayer for the First Forty Days of the Dead (1920)
 I don't pity, don't call, don't cry (1921)
 Pugachev (1921)
 One joy I have left (1923)
 Anneden mektup - Письмо от матери (1924)
 Tavern Moscow (1924)
 Confessions of a Hooligan (1924)
 Lenin - Ленин (1924)
 Desolate and Pale Moonlight (1925)
 Kara adam - Чёрный человек (1925)
 To Kachalov's Dog'' (1925)
 Elveda dostum benim, Elveda - До свиданья, друг мой, до свиданья (1925)

Dış bağlantılar

1895 doğumlular
1925 yılında ölenler
Rus şairler
İntihar eden şairler
Moskova'da defnedilenler

Sergey Yesenin


مايكل كامن  (15 أبريل 1948 في نيويورك - 18 نوفمبر 2003 في لندن) كان ملحنًا أمريكيًا، اكتسب خبرة بشكل خاص من خلال ألحانه الموسيقية في للأفلام وأيضا من خلال عمله كمنظم في أوركسترا وكاتب أغاني.

في عام 1965 أنهى مايكل دورته من المدرسة العليا للموسيقى والفنون في نيويورك. بدأ عام 1971 عمله في مجال تلحين الموسيقى التصويرية للأفلام مثل فيلم موت بطيء وترخيص للقتل - جامس بوند 007 أو روبن هود: ملك اللصوص. عمل مايك مع عدد من المغنيين المعروفين بما في ذلك الفرق الموسيقية أيضا مثل بينك فلويد، ديفيد غيلمور، روجر واترز، كوين، إيريك كلابتون، توم بيتي، ذا كرانبيريز، برايان آدمز، ستينغ ميتاليكا وغيرهم.

عانى هذا الملحن منذ عام 1996 من تصلب متعدد إلى غاية وفاته عام 2003 نتيجة جلطة قلبية تاركا وراءه زوجته وطفلين.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 لمحة عن مايكل كامن مع قائمة بعناوين الأفلام التي عمل لها

 Film Composer Tributes - Michael Kamen
 Michael Kamen at Soundtrackguide.net
 Michael Kamen interview (in french) at UnderScores : Musique & Cinéma

أمريكيون
أمريكيون مغتربون في المملكة المتحدة
أمريكيون من أصل تشيكي
أمريكيون من أصل يهودي إنجليزي
حائزون على جائزة آني
حائزون على جائزة إيفور نوفيلو
حائزون على جائزة غرامي
خريجو ثانوية الموسيقى والفن
خريجو مدرسة جوليارد
قادة فرق موسيقية أمريكيون في القرن 20
قادة فرق موسيقية ذكور أمريكيون
كتاب أغان أمريكيون
ملحنون أمريكيون في القرن 20
ملحنون أمريكيون يهود
ملحنون من مدينة نيويورك
مواليد 1948
مواليد في نيويورك
موزعون موسيقيون أمريكيون
موسيقيو جلسات أمريكيون
موسيقيون ذكور أمريكيون في القرن 20
موسيقيون ذكور في القرن 20
موسيقيون من مدينة نيويورك
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام أمريكيون
وفيات 2003
وفيات بسبب نوبة قلبية
وفيات في لندن الكبرى
وفيات في نيويورك
مؤلفو موسيقى أفلام أمريكيون ذكور

مايكل كامن


Die katholische St.-Annen-Kirche im Bezirk Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Ortsteil Berlin-Lichterfelde, wurde nach Plänen der Architekten Siegfried Lukowski und Carl Anton Meckel in den Jahren 1932 bis 1936 errichtet. Das denkmalgeschützte Gotteshaus ist eine dreischiffige Basilika im Stil der Heimatschutzarchitektur mit historisierenden Anklängen an Romanik und Gotik. Die Kirche bietet Platz für 500 bis 600 Menschen.

Geschichte
Die aus Schlesien, Ostpreußen und anderen Gebieten nach Groß-Lichterfelde zugezogenen katholischen Christen gründeten am 1. Oktober 1930 eine eigene Kirchengemeinde, einige Zeit später einen Kirchenbauverein. Zunächst wurde der Gottesdienst in der Kapelle des gerade neu eröffneten St.-Ludwig-Altersheimes in der heutigen Klingsorstraße 119 gefeiert.
Am 14. Juni 1936 fand die Konsekration der Kirche statt.

Die St.-Annen-Kirche wurde im Zweiten Weltkrieg durch Brandbomben und Sprengbomben schwer beschädigt. Bis zum Wiederaufbau der Kirche fand der Gottesdienst im Pfarrsaal und in Nebenräumen statt. Die Wiedereinweihung der Kirche St. Annen erfolgte am 17. März 1946.

In dem Roman Die Berlinreise von Hanns-Josef Ortheil findet ein Gottesdienst in der Annenkirche statt. Der Eschatologe Kurt Anglet ist Kaplan der zugehörigen Gemeinde.

Lage und Architektur
Die St.-Annen-Kirche erstreckt sich traufständig zum Gardeschützenweg. Sie wurde als Basilika in der Tradition der Neuromanik ausgelegt. Sie hat ein großes hohes Mittelschiff mit zwei schmalen Seitenschiffen in geringerer Höhe. Durch die rundbogigen Obergaden und das große Rundfenster in der Ostwand dringt das Tageslicht ins Innere. Auch die Seitenschiffe haben kleine Rundbogenfenster. Die Seitenschiffe haben eine flache Holzdecke, beim Mittelschiff ist die Holzdecke in der Form eines trapezförmigen Tonnengewölbes über sichtbaren horizontalen Querbalken und senkrecht darauf stehenden Stützbalken angebracht. Im Bereich der rechteckigen Apsis hat die Kirche ein kleines Querschiff, das Platz für eine Kapelle neben dem Altarraum gab. Inzwischen steht dort der Spieltisch der Orgel. Darüber liegt ein offener Raum, in dem sich die Orgel aus der Nachkriegszeit befindet. Auf quadratischem Grundriss vor dem Querschiff erhebt sich der Glockenturm bis über die Höhe des Dachfirstes. Über einem Fries steht ein eingezogenes viereckiges Geschoss mit abgeschrägten nach innen gewinkelten Ecken, auf jeder Seite eine rundbogige Schallöffnung. Ein weiteres eingezogenes achteckiges Geschoss endet in einem spitzen Zeltdach. Ein Gebäudetrakt mit zwei Portalen verbindet das Pfarrhaus mit dem rechten Seitenschiff der Kirche. Die Fenster und Portale sind bogenförmig gestaltet. Das ganze Gebäudeensemble ist ein mit dunkelroten Backsteinen verblendeter Mauerwerksbau.

Dem Querschiff gegenüber befindet sich die Sakristei. Der Altarbereich wird vom Mittelschiff durch einen schmalen Triumphbogen getrennt. Die Taufkapelle mit ihren fünf Wänden und Rundbogenfenstern in Spitzbogennischen auf oktogonalem Grundriss liegt nahe am Eingangsbereich.

Ausstattung

Die Ausstattung der St.-Annen-Kirche entstammt unterschiedlichsten Zeiten. Zur Anfangsausstattung gehörte der Tabernakel im Stil der Beuroner Kunstschule, der seitlich im Altarraum steht. Er befand sich ursprünglich mitten auf dem Hochaltar, der von einem Kreuz bekrönt wurde. Die Taufkapelle mit dem spätgotisch gestalteten Taufbecken stammt ebenfalls noch aus der Erstausstattung. Die Kreuzweg-Bilder von Hans Breinlinger erhielt die Kirche in den 1940er Jahren.

Im Turm hängt eine Bronzeglocke, die 1935 von Franz Schilling gegossen wurde. Sie hat einen Durchmesser von 89 cm, eine Höhe von 74 cm und wiegt 600 kg. Ihr Schlagton ist a′′. In der Schulter trägt sie die Inschrift: "EN! PIOS VOCOPASTORIS BONI LOCO! PIUS."

1972 wurde der Altarbereich umgestaltet. Er erhielt drei Stufen, einen Volksaltar und einen Ambo. Nach der Liturgiereform des Zweiten Vatikanischen Konzils wurden die Kommunionbänke aus der Kirche entfernt. Die große Giebelwandfläche hinter dem Altar war im Laufe der Zeit immer wieder umgestaltet worden. 1972 wurde die hölzerne Skulptur der Anna selbdritt vor die Altarwand gestellt. 1978 kam das etwa vier Meter große schlichte Holzkreuz mit breitem Querbalken von Paul Brandenburg an die Wand hinter dem Hauptaltar, das sich inzwischen an der Giebelwand nahe dem Haupteingang befindet. Auf der Empore an dieser Giebelwand wurde im Jahr 2003 eine neue Orgel installiert, welche die aus kriegsgeschädigten Teilen zusammengesetzte Orgel von 1951 ersetzte.
Im südlichen Seitenschiff über dem Marienaltar hängt ein Gemälde der Gottesmutter mit dem Jesuskind. Diese Kopie nach einem Bild, das sich in Rom in der Kirche Santa Maria del Popolo befindet, hat keinen hohen künstlerischen Wert.

Anna selbdritt
Die St. Annen-Kirche hat zwei Bildwerke über Anna selbdritt, eine hölzerne Skulptur im Innern und das im Zwickel zwischen den beiden Portalbögen angebrachte Relief, das zur Bauzeit der Kirche entstanden ist. Es zeigt eine stehende Anna, auf dem linken Arm der kindliche Jesus, zu ihrer Rechten kniet Maria. Das Relief schließt ab in einem Baldachin mit fünf wappenartig stilisierten Rosen am Fries unterhalb der Dachtraufe. Die künstlerische Darstellung entspricht dem Jugendstil.
Auch die Skulptur der Anna selbdritt, die heute im Bereich des Mittelschiffes an einem Pfeiler der Arkade steht, stammt bereits aus dem Jahre 1936. Sie wurde vom Herrgottschnitzer Johannes Lotter geschaffen, von dem auch die Figur des heiligen Antonius stammt.

Großes Mosaik
Hinter dem Hochaltar wurde 1995 ein großes Mosaik über fast die ganze Wandfläche eingelegt. Es handelt sich bei dieser Arbeit um eine Kopie des Mosaiks in der Apsis der Kirche San Clemente in Rom. Das Mosaik war ursprünglich in den 1930er Jahren von der Firma Puhl & Wagner für ein Krankenhaus in Karlshorst geschaffen worden. Dort wurde es nie angebracht und lagerte lange in Kisten, bis es in den 1960er Jahren in einer Krankenhauskapelle in Lankwitz einen Platz fand. Als diese 1993 abgerissen wurde, erhielt es die St.-Annen-Gemeinde als Geschenk. Die ca. 1,6 Millionen Steine wurden in zweijähriger Arbeit zusammengefügt.

Literatur
 Architekten- und Ingenieur-Verein zu Berlin: Berlin und seine Bauten. Teil VI. Sakralbauten. Berlin 1997.
 Klaus-Dieter Wille: Die Glocken von Berlin (West). Geschichte und Inventar. Berlin 1987.
 Friederike Warnatsch-Gleich: Zum 75. Weihejubiläum der St. Annenkirche Lichterfelde Bau und Ausstattung. Berlin 2011.
 Gerhard Streicher und Erika Drave: Berlin – Stadt und Kirche. Berlin 1980.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Berlin
Annen Lichterfelde
Annen
Annen Lichterfelde
Annen Lichterfelde
Berlin Annen Lichterfelde
Berlin Annen Lichterfelde
Annen Lichterfelde
Erbaut in den 1930er Jahren
Kirchengebäude des Heimatschutzstils

St.-Annen-Kirche (Berlin-Lichterfelde)