Edge of Thorns is the seventh studio album by the American heavy metal band Savatage, released on April 2, 1993, by Atlantic Records. It was the last Savatage album to feature guitarist Criss Oliva, who died six months after its release, and their first release with Zachary Stevens on lead vocals, following the departure of Jon Oliva from his role as singer in Savatage, although he did produce and write songs for the album.

The drums on this album sound different from other Savatage records, as Steve "Doc" Wacholz decided to use electronic drums. Although most of the drum kits sound authentic, a difference in the timbre of the toms can be heard.

"All That I Bleed" and "Miles Away" were the last songs Jon Oliva, Criss Oliva and the producer Paul O'Neill wrote together. For that, they are still Jon Oliva's two favorites on the album.

The woman in the picture of the album art is Dawn Oliva, Criss Oliva's wife. Gary Smith, who also did the front and back covers for Hall of the Mountain King, the front cover for Gutter Ballet, the back cover for Streets, and all of Criss Oliva's airbrushed guitars, painted the cover. The face in the trees is supposed to be Jon Oliva, though producer O'Neill disputes that despite its publication in a Criss Oliva interview from 1993. The cover is supposed to represent good (the woman) vs. evil (the face in the trees). According to Criss Oliva in a 1993 interview, "The girl is surrounded by fear and innocence. But the face in the trees is evil. Everything around her is evil. It's about good and evil. The songs on the CD reflect this, too."

The opening piano riff to the title track was used extensively in the MTV reality series The Real World: San Francisco during scenes involving the hospitalization of Pedro Zamora.

Reception

In a contemporary review for Rock Hard magazine, where Edge of Thorns had been elected Album of the Month, Matthias Breusch wrote that Savatage had "not lost a pinch of their compositional potential and energy" and praised Criss Oliva's guitar playing; he complimented new singer Zak Stevens' "powerful, energetic voice", which was "cleverly adapted to the melodic lines" of the new songs, although he missed Jon Oliva's "crazy screams".

Modern reviews are generally positive. AllMusic Geoff Orens praised Savatage's continuous experimentation of new sounds and wrote that Edge of Thorns moved away from the progressive metal of the two previous albums, being a "leaner, more understated guitar-driven record", with the majority of the songs consisting "of stripped-down metal anthems, recorded with less flashy guitar work and production" than before. In his opinion, the new material fits well the "less bombastic delivery" of new singer Stevens, who does "not have the emotional range that Oliva showed on Gutter Ballet and Streets". Canadian journalist Martin Popoff remarked how Edge of Thorns was "a raucous return to old Savatage vein", with "mountains of thirsty power riffs" and "an odd adherence to a goth past", mostly out of fashion in the alternative metal scene of the time. He was more critical of "the band's mellow tendencies" and the murky long intros to the songs.

Track listing
All music composed by Criss Oliva, Jon Oliva and Paul O'Neill. All lyrics written by Paul O'Neill and Jon Oliva.

Personnel
Savatage
Zachary Stevens – lead vocals
Criss Oliva – guitars, co-producer
Johnny Lee Middleton – bass
Steve "Doc" Wacholz – drums (electronic drums, studio only)

Additional musicians
Jon Oliva – piano, keyboards, drums on tracks "He Carves His Stone" and "Degrees of Sanity" (studio only), co-producer
Andy James – drums (touring member only)
Wes Garren – rhythm guitar and keyboards (touring member only)

Production
Paul O'Neill – producer
Jim Morris, Tom Morris – engineers at Morrisound Studios
Joe Daley, Mark Prator – assistant engineers at Morrisound Studios
Scott Burns, Judd Packer, Noah Baron, Tim Hatfield – additional engineering in New York
Brian Benscoter, Brian Malone, Claire Iwahashi, Dave Wehner, Jeff McDonald, Joe Davi, Martin Yee, Rick Miller, Shawn Malone, Steve Heritage – assistant engineers in New York
Greg Calbi – mastering at Sterling Sound, New York

Charts

Album

Songs

References

1993 albums
Savatage albums
Atlantic Records albums
Albums produced by Paul O'Neill (rock producer)
Albums recorded at Morrisound Recording

Edge of Thorns


Metalurji veya diğer adıyla metal bilimi, metal ve alaşımların, cevher veya metal içeren ham maddelerden; kullanım sürecine uygun kalitede üretilmesini, saflaştırılmasını, alaşımlaştırılmasını, şekillendirilmesini, korunmasını, ve "üretim-kullanım" ömrü içindeki çevresel kaygı ve sorumlulukları da dikkate alarak insanların ihtiyaçlarına cevap verecek özellikte ve biçimde hazırlanmasını hedef alan bilim ve teknoloji dalı. Metalurji, metal işleme zanaatından farklıdır.

Metalurji, konusu bakımından, üretim metalürjisi (ekstraktif metalürji ya da kimyasal metalurji) ve fiziksel metalurji (malzeme bilimi) olmak üzere iki ana dala ayrılabilmektedir. Üretim metalürjisi, gerek doğada mevcut cevherlerden gerekse metal içeren ham maddelerden veya ikincil kaynaklardan (hurda, artıklar, baca tozları vs.) fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerle saf metallerin veya alaşımların üretimi konularını kapsar.

Öte yandan malzeme mühendisliği, metallerle birlikte seramikleri (porselen, fayans, tuğla, kiremit, cam, ateş tuğlası, refrakter malzemeler, özel sermetler vb. malzemeleri), organik yapı malzemelerini (bilhassa polimerler gibi plastikleri, kauçuk maddesini), çimento, ahşap, fiber ve kompozit malzemeleri, elektrik-elektronik ve manyetik malzemelerini, dişçilik ve tıpta kullanılan malzemeleri, yakıt malzemelerini ve bunların özelliklerinin geliştirilmesini ve üretimini inceleyen bilim dalıdır.

Metalurji dalları
 Demir metalurjisi
 Demir dışı metalurji
 Fiziksel metalurji
 Biyohidrometalurji
 Karbonil metalurjisi
 Kimyasal metalurji
 Deneysel arkeometalurji
 Ekstraktif metalurji
 Jeometalurji
 Arkeometalurji
 Hidrometalurji
 İyonometalurji
 Metalografi
 Nanoteknolojik metalurji
 Demir dışı ekstraktif metalurji
 Pirometalurji
 Uranyum metalurjisi
 Vakum metalurjisi

Kaynakça

Ayrıca bakınız
 Metalurji ve malzeme mühendisliği

Dış bağlantılar
Metallurgy Related Topic And Their Full Information 2020

Metaller

Metalurji


Svijet

Književna djela

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

 2. travnja – Émile Zola, francuski romanopisac (* 1902.)

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Književna djela

 Đulabije Stanka Vraza

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Književnost u 1840.


Thymus, Lamiaceae (ballıbabagiller) familyasına bağlı bir cinstir.

Kekik, ortalama olarak yüksekliği 20 cm ve ömrü 6 yıl olan bir bitkidir. Lavanta, Biberiye ve Nane gibi kekikte Lamiaceae familyasına aittir. Bu bitkinin yetişme mevsimi ilkbahardan sonbahara kadardır, yaz aylarında ise çiçek açar. 200'den fazla farklı kekik türü vardır, fakat en yaygın olanı Thyme Kekiği'dir (Thymus vulgaris).

Kekik, dünya çapında birçok ülkede (Rusya, Polonya, İsviçre, ABD, İspanya, Fransa, İtalya, Fas, Güney Afrika vb.) birçok değişik iklim koşullarında yetiştirilmektedir. Bitki, uçucu yağ bakımından zengin olan ve yemeklerde kullanılan aromatik yaprakları için yetiştirilir. Kekik esansiyel yağının antibakteriyel, antispazmodik, idrar söktürücü, hipertansif, sakinleştirici ve birçok başka özelliği olduğu bildirilmiştir. Kekik esansiyel yağı, birçok sektörde (İlaç ve Eczacılık, Kişisel Bakım, Deterjan, Böcek ilaçları vb.) kullanıldığı için dünya çapında saygın bir üründür.

Kekik bitkisi arıların en çok ziyaret ettiği bitkilerden biridir. Kekik tarlalarında bulunan bal arısı kovanları, eşsiz bir tada sahip olan yüksek kaliteli bal üretirler. Kekik balı birinci sınıf ballardan biridir ve yüksek fiyatlarda pazarlanabilir.

Bazı Kekik türleri

 İzmir Kekiği: Halk arasında bilyeli kekik, peynir kekiği, güve kekiği, taş kekiği isimleriyle de bilinir. İhracatı en çok yapılan İzmir kekiği, genellikle eczacılıkta kullanılır.

 İstanbul Kekiği: İstanbul kekiği, halk arasında kara kekik olarak bilinir. Baharat ve çay yapımında kullanılır. Böcekleri bitkilerden uzak tutmak amacıyla da kullanılır.
 Toka Kekiği: Toka kekiği, dünyada sadece Isparta'nın Sütçüler ilçesinde yetişme imkanı bulur. Sütçüler kekiği ismiyle bilinen Toka kekiği, Avrupa, Hindistan, ABD, Kanada olmak üzere birçok ülkeye ihraç edilir.
 Beyaz Kekik (Alanya kekiği): Alanya kekiği olarak bilinir. İçerisinde bulunan karvakrol maddesi ile akciğer kanserinin tedavisinde kullanılan beyaz kekik, daha çok yağ şeklinde tüketilir.
 Dağ Kekiği: Suriye kekiği olarak da bilinir. Dağlarda ve kayalık bölgelerde doğal olarak yetişir. Yemeklerde kullanılmasının yanı sıra çay şeklinde de tüketilir.

Türkiye'de, bu kekiklerin yanı sıra Akdeniz kekiği, tarla kekiği, yabani kekik gibi kekik türleri de yetişir.

Taksonomi
Thymus cinsine bağlı türler şunlardır:

 Thymus adamovicii
 Thymus aitanae
 Thymus alatauensis
 Thymus albicans
 Thymus alfredae
 Thymus algeriensis
 Thymus almeriensis
 Thymus almijarensis
 Thymus almoradux
 Thymus alpestris
 Thymus alpinus
 Thymus altaicus
 Thymus alternans
 Thymus amurensis
 Thymus antoninae
 Thymus aragonensis
 Thymus arcanus
 Thymus arcuatus
 Thymus arenarius
 Thymus argaeus
 Thymus armuniae
 Thymus arsenijevii
 Thymus artvinicus
 Thymus arundanus
 Thymus athous
 Thymus atlanticus
 Thymus atticus
 Thymus aznavourii
 Thymus baeticus
 Thymus baicalensis
 Thymus bashkiriensis
 Thymus beltraniae
 Thymus benitorum
 Thymus bermius
 Thymus bihoriensis
 Thymus bivalens
 Thymus bleicherianus
 Thymus boissieri
 Thymus bornmuelleri
 Thymus bornmulleri
 Thymus borysthenicus
 Thymus borzygis
 Thymus bovei
 Thymus brachychaetus
 Thymus brachychilus
 Thymus bracteatus
 Thymus bracteosus
 Thymus bractichina
 Thymus braunii
 Thymus brevipetiolatus
 Thymus broussonetii
 Thymus bulgaricus
 Thymus bulsanensis
 Thymus caespititius
 Thymus calcareus
 Thymus callieri
 Thymus camphoratus
 Thymus canoviridis
 Thymus capitellatus
 Thymus cappadocicus
 Thymus cariensis
 Thymus carmanicus
 Thymus carnosus
 Thymus carrionii
 Thymus catharinae
 Thymus celtibericus
 Thymus cherlerioides
 Thymus cilicicus
 Thymus cimicinus
 Thymus citriodorus
 Thymus collinus
 Thymus comosus
 Thymus comptus
 Thymus convolutus
 Thymus coriifolius
 Thymus crebrifolius
 Thymus cremnophilus
 Thymus crenulatus
 Thymus curtus
 Thymus czorsztynensis
 Thymus dacicus
 Thymus daenensis
 Thymus daghestanicus
 Thymus dahuricus
 Thymus decussatus
 Thymus degenii
 Thymus desjatovae
 Thymus diazii
 Thymus didukhii
 Thymus diminutus
 Thymus dimorphus
 Thymus disjunctus
 Thymus diversifolius
 Thymus dmitrievae
 Thymus doerfleri
 Thymus dolomiticus
 Thymus dolopicus
 Thymus dreatensis
 Thymus dubjanskyi
 Thymus dzalindensis
 Thymus eigii
 Thymus ekimii
 Thymus elegans
 Thymus eliasii
 Thymus elisabethae
 Thymus embergeri
 Thymus enicensis
 Thymus eravinensis
 Thymus eremita
 Thymus eriocalyx
 Thymus extremus
 Thymus fallax
 Thymus faustinoi
 Thymus fedtschenkoi
 Thymus flabellatus
 Thymus fontqueri
 Thymus funkii
 Thymus genesianus
 Thymus georgicus
 Thymus gobi-altaicus
 Thymus gobicus
 Thymus granatensis
 Thymus groenlandicus
 Thymus guberlinensis
 Thymus guerrae
 Thymus guyonii
 Thymus hartvigii
 Thymus haussknechtii
 Thymus helendzhicus
 Thymus henriquesii
 Thymus henryi
 Thymus herba-barona
 Thymus hercegovinus
 Thymus hieronymi
 Thymus hohenackeri
 Thymus holosericeus
 Thymus hybridus
 Thymus hyemalis
 Thymus ibericus
 Thymus iljinii
 Thymus incertus
 Thymus indalicus
 Thymus indigirkensis
 Thymus integer
 Thymus invisus
 Thymus japonicus
 Thymus jimenezii
 Thymus josephi-angeli
 Thymus junctus
 Thymus karamarianicus
 Thymus karatavicus
 Thymus karavaevii
 Thymus karjaginii
 Thymus kimishepensis
 Thymus kirgisorum
 Thymus koeianus
 Thymus koeieanus
 Thymus komarovii
 Thymus kondratjukii
 Thymus korneckii
 Thymus kosteleckyanus
 Thymus kosteletzkyanus
 Thymus kotschyanus
 Thymus krylovii
 Thymus kuminovianus
 Thymus lacaitae
 Thymus laconicus
 Thymus ladjanuricus
 Thymus lainzii
 Thymus lanceolatus
 Thymus lansdowneae
 Thymus lavrenkoanus
 Thymus leptophyllus
 Thymus leucospermus
 Thymus leucostomus
 Thymus leucotrichus
 Thymus levitskyi
 Thymus linearis
 Thymus littoralis
 Thymus longicaulis
 Thymus longidentatus
 Thymus longiflorus
 Thymus loscosii
 Thymus lotocephalus
 Thymus magnificus
 Thymus majkopiensis
 Thymus mandschuricus
 Thymus marandensis
 Thymus markhotensis
 Thymus maroccanus
 Thymus martinezii
 Thymus mastichina
 Thymus mastichinalis
 Thymus mastigophorus
 Thymus membranaceus
 Thymus mercadalii
 Thymus michaelis
 Thymus migricus
 Thymus minussinensis
 Thymus mixtus
 Thymus moldavicus
 Thymus mongolicus
 Thymus monrealensis
 Thymus moralesii
 Thymus moranensis
 Thymus moroderi
 Thymus mourae
 Thymus mugodzharicus
 Thymus munbyanus
 Thymus musilii
 Thymus nakhodkensis
 Thymus narymensis
 Thymus nerczensis
 Thymus nervosus
 Thymus neurophyllus
 Thymus nitens
 Thymus novocastellanus
 Thymus novograblenovii
 Thymus numidicus
 Thymus nummularius
 Thymus nuriensis
 Thymus oblongifolius
 Thymus ochotensis
 Thymus odoratissimus
 Thymus oehmianus
 Thymus oenipontanus
 Thymus origanoides
 Thymus oriolanus
 Thymus orospedanus
 Thymus oxyodontus
 Thymus pallasianus
 Thymus pallescens
 Thymus pallidus
 Thymus paradoxus
 Thymus parnassicus
 Thymus paronychioides
 Thymus pastoralis
 Thymus pastoris
 Thymus pauciflorus
 Thymus pavlovii
 Thymus pectinatus
 Thymus perinicus
 Thymus persicus
 Thymus petraeus
 Thymus phyllopodus
 Thymus picentinus
 Thymus piperella
 Thymus plasonii
 Thymus praecox
 Thymus proximus
 Thymus pseudocollinus
 Thymus pseudogranatensis
 Thymus pseudograniticus
 Thymus pseudohirsutus
 Thymus pseudostepposus
 Thymus pseudothracicus
 Thymus pubescens
 Thymus pulchellus
 Thymus pulcherrimus
 Thymus pulegioides
 Thymus pulvinatus
 Thymus punctulosus
 Thymus purpureoviolaceus
 Thymus putoranicus
 Thymus quinquecostatus
 Thymus radoi
 Thymus ramonianus
 Thymus rasitatus
 Thymus reverdattoanus
 Thymus revolutus
 Thymus riatarum
 Thymus richardii
 Thymus rigidus
 Thymus riojanus
 Thymus roegneri
 Thymus roseus
 Thymus rubioi
 Thymus ruiz-latorrei
 Thymus sachalinensis
 Thymus saharae
 Thymus samius
 Thymus saturejoides
 Thymus schimperi
 Thymus schischkinii
 Thymus schistosus
 Thymus schmidtii
 Thymus schulzei
 Thymus segurae
 Thymus sennenii
 Thymus seophyllum
 Thymus seravschanicus
 Thymus sergievskajae
 Thymus serpylloides
 Thymus serpyllum
 Thymus serrulatus
 Thymus sessilifolius
 Thymus severianoi
 Thymus sibiricus
 Thymus sibthorpii
 Thymus sipyleus
 Thymus skopjensis
 Thymus sokolovii
 Thymus spathulifolius
 Thymus spinulosus
 Thymus spryginii
 Thymus stojanovii
 Thymus striatus
 Thymus subcollinus
 Thymus subhirsutus
 Thymus subramosus
 Thymus substriatus
 Thymus syriacus
 Thymus talijevii
 Thymus tauricus
 Thymus terskeicus
 Thymus teucrioides
 Thymus thracicus
 Thymus tiflisiensis
 Thymus toletanus
 Thymus transcaspicus
 Thymus transcaucasicus
 Thymus trautvetteri
 Thymus tschernjaievii
 Thymus turczaninovii
 Thymus turkmenii
 Thymus tzvelevii
 Thymus urumovii
 Thymus ussuriensis
 Thymus valdesii
 Thymus vavilovii
 Thymus verchojanicus
 Thymus viciosoi
 Thymus villosus
 Thymus vitekii
 Thymus vulgaris
 Thymus welwitschii
 Thymus willdenowii
 Thymus willkommii
 Thymus xilocae
 Thymus zedelmejeri
 Thymus zygioides
 Thymus zygis
 Thymus zygophorus
 Thymus pulegioides × vulgaris
 Thymus pulegioides × serpyllum
 Thymus serpyllum × vulgaris

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça
Genel
 Easter M. Thymus
 University of Melbourne: Thymus
 Kekik Prof.Dr. K.H.Can Başer Bilim ve TEKNİK Mayıs 2001 74-77
 World Checklist
Özel

Lamiaceae
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar
Baharat bitkileri
Yemek malzemeleri

Kekik


Die Route nationale 780, kurz N 780 oder RN 780, war eine französische Nationalstraße, die von 1933 bis 1973 zwischen einer Kreuzung mit der Route nationale 165 östlich von Vannes und Port-Navalo verlief. Ihre Gesamtlänge betrug 28 Kilometer.

Weblinks
 Route nationale française auf WikiSara, eine Auflistung aller Nationalstraßen (französisch)

780
Straße in der Bretagne

Route nationale 780


الرزفة، رقصة شعبية، وأحد الفنون التقليدية التي يمارسها الرجال في بعض الدول الخليجية وخصوصًا بمحافظة البريمي ومدينة العين التي تشتهر بها جدًا في مناسباتهم المختلفة كالأعراس، والأعياد، والمناسبات الاجتماعية، والمهرجانات الوطنية، وإلى غير ذلك من المناسبات السعيدة.

الأداء
يجتمع الرجال لإقامة الرزفة، بتكوين صفين متقابلين متوازيين، كما هو الحال في رزحة الحضر تماماً، ثم تبدأ بعد ذلك شلة الغناء، يقوم أحد شعراء «الرزفة» البدوية بتلقين أحد الصفين نص شلة الغناء شعراً، فيتلقفها ذلك الصف، ويقوم بترديد الشلة شعراً ونغماً، أما الصف الآخر فيردد ما يغنيه الصف الأول، بحيث يصبح غناء الشلة متبادلاً بين الصفين، ويستمر تبادل الغناء بين المشاركين في الشلة من شعر، وعندما يتوقف الجميع فيأخذون قسطاً من الراحة لتبدأ بعدها شلة أخرى من شلات الرزفة·

تتألف «الرزفة» من عنصرين، حركة المشاركين في الصفين، وحركة الرازفين بين هذين الصفين، المشاركون يمسكون بعصي من الخيزران أو قد يمسكون ببنادق أو سيوف يركزونها على الأرض ويحركون رؤوسهم إلى أعلى وأسفل في إيماءات متوالية، وثنيات خفيفة من الجزء الأعلى من الجسم، وقد يضعون هذه العصي على أكتافهم ويقومون بنفس الحركات السابقة أما حركة الرازفين بين الصفين فهي حركة طليقة: فهم يجولون في الساحة بين الصفين يحمل كل واحد منهم سيفه أو بندقيته أو نصل خنجره، في خطوات ثابتة يستعرضون برمي سيفه أو بندقيته عالياً في الهواء ليتلقفها مرة أخرى قبل أن تسقط على الأرض، أو قد يقوم أحدهم برفع بندقيته عالياً ويلفها بين يديه بحيث ترسم دائرة كاملة في الهواء إلى غير ذلك من الاستعراض بالأسلحة·

الإيقاع والشعر
الرزفة البدوية مثلها مثل غيرها من فنون البدو الأخرى تؤدى دون مصاحبة آلات الإيقاع، فهي خالية تماماً من الطبول، ولكنها غنية بإيقاعها اللحني وحركات المشاركين فيها وئيدة وقورة إلى حد ما تتناسب ونغم الغناء فيها· والشعر في الرزفة البدوية يتناول أغراضًا عديدة، وإن كان أغلبه في الغزل، والحكمة، والمدح، أو في الذكريات، والبحر الشعري فيه قصير لكي يتناسب وطريقة الأداء في الرزفة، وله شعراؤه المختصون في قرض هذا النوع من الشعر بالرغم من أن الرزفة من الفنون التقليدية إلا أنها انتشرت بكثرة ويقبل على ممارستها وأدائها الكبار في السن والشباب وحتى الصغار من الأولاد الذين في أدائهم يغرون الرائي المشاركة لهم في الحلقة والقيام بالاستعراض معهم· فالأطفال يعكسون الوجه المميز لهذا الإيقاع الخليجي·

انظر أيضًا

 فلكلور عنيزة

مصادر

تراث شعبي خليجي

الرزفة


المعزز في الطيران الفضائي قد يشير إلى مركبة إطلاق يستخدم في إطلاق لمركبات الفضائية أو صاروخ يتم تثبيته لمساعدة المركبة في الدفع. يستخدم المعزز أيضا من قبل عدة صواريخ موجهة عند الإطلاق لكي تصل إلى سرعة الطيران في أسرع وقت ممكن. أما في الطيران فيستخدم المعزز لإطلاق الطائرات بسرعة باستخدام مسافة إقلاع أقل من المعتاد، ويعرف هذا النظام بالإقلاع بمساعدة الوقود النفاثة.

مراجع

مكونات المركبات الفضائية

معزز صاروخ


Yasuo Manaka (født 31. januar 1971) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Kashima Antlers og Cerezo Osaka.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Yasuo Manaka


La province de Canada ou pays de Canada est le nom donné par l'explorateur français Jacques Cartier à une région habitée par les Iroquoiens du Saint-Laurent dans les années 1530 et 1540.

Géographie

La province correspond aujourd'hui approximativement à la région de Québec et ses environs. Elle pourrait englober un territoire situé entre la Grosse Île à l'est jusqu'à mi-chemin entre la ville de Québec et Trois-Rivières. Dans ses Relations, Jacques Cartier situe son commencement dans l'estuaire moyen du fleuve Saint-Laurent : « Après la dite rivière [du Saguenay] est la province de Canada où il y a plusieurs peuples par villages non clos. Il y a aussi dans les environs du dit Canada dans le dit fleuve plusieurs îles tant grandes que petites ».

La province d'Hochelaga (plus en amont du fleuve) et le Eoyaume du Saguenay (au nord) sont les deux autres régions décrites par Cartier.

Politique

Selon Cartier, l'agouhanna (« seigneur » de Canada) est Donnacona, chef ayant sa demeure à Stadaconé. Il affirme également que le pays de Canada serait vassal du pays d'Hochelaga, plus populeux et sédentaire.

Localités
Selon l'historien Louis Lefebvre, la province comptait « environ une dizaine de villages, la plupart sur la rive nord du fleuve Saint-Laurent et quelques uns seulement sur la rive sud ». Parmi les lieux mentionnés par Cartier :

 Achelacy
 Ajoasté
 Starmatam
 Tailla
 Sitadin
 Stadaconé (capitale)
 Tequenonday

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Iroquoiens du Saint-Laurent
 Nom du Canada

Liens externes
 La géographie de la province de Canada
 Les Iroquoiens de la région de Québec

Iroquoiens du Saint-Laurent
Nouvelle-France
Histoire du Québec

Canada (province iroquoienne)


La  du Trofeo Alcúdia-Port d'Alcúdia a lieu le , sur un parcours de 173,2 kilomètres tracé dans les Îles Baléares en Espagne, avec un départ et une arrivée au Port d'Alcúdia. La course est la deuxième manche du Challenge de Majorque 2022 et fait partie du calendrier UCI Europe Tour 2022 en catégorie 1.1.

Équipes participantes
25 équipes participent à la course - 10 WorldTeams, 9 ProTeams et 6 équipes continentales :

Classement final

Classement UCI
La course attribue des points aux coureurs pour le Classement mondial UCI 2022 selon le barème suivant :

Notes et références

Liens externes

Challenge de Majorque 2022

Trofeo Alcúdia-Port d'Alcúdia 2022


Rapid River may refer to:

Communities
Rapid River, Michigan, Delta County
Rapid River Township, Michigan, Kalkaska County
Rapid River Township, Lake of the Woods County, Minnesota

Rivers

U.S.
 Rapid River (Alaska-Yukon)
 Rapid River (Maine)
 Rapid River (Delta County, Michigan)
 Rapid River (Kalkaska County, Michigan)
 Rapid River (Ontonagon County, Michigan)
 Rapid River (Little Fork River tributary), Minnesota
 Rapid River (Rainy River tributary), Minnesota
 Rapid River (Washington)

Canada
 Rapid River (Alaska-Yukon)
 Rapid River (Algoma District), Ontario
 Rapid River (Sudbury District), Ontario
 Rapid River (British Columbia)
 Rapid River (Churchill River tributary), Saskatchewan
 Rapid River (Cree River tributary), Saskatchewan
 Rapides River, Côte-Nord region of Quebec, Canada.

Other

 Namco Rapid River, arcade game

See also

Little Rapid River (disambiguation)
 Rapid River Township (disambiguation)
 Rapid River (Michigan)

Rapid River


Le Ampem Darkoa Ladies FC est un club de football féminin ghanéen basé à Techiman.

Histoire

En 2016, le club remporte le championnat pour la première fois après avoir battu leurs rivales, les Hasaacas, en finale (1-0) grâce à un but de Grace Asantewaa. Ampem Darkoa récidive la saison suivante en disposant cette fois des Lady Strikers en finale, toujours portées par leur buteuse Asantewaa.

Palmarès

Notes et références

Club de football fondé en 2009
Club féminin de football au Ghana

Ampem Darkoa Ladies Football Club


An Melinis ambigua in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eduard Hackel. An Melinis ambigua in nahilalakip ha genus nga Melinis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Nag-uusahan nga subspecies: M. a. longicauda.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Melinis

Melinis ambigua


Als Dame-Leichtfiguren-Endspiele werden Schachendspiele ohne Türme bezeichnet, in denen die eine Partei mindestens eine Dame und die andere Partei mindestens eine Leichtfigur (Springer oder Läufer) besitzt. Im Gegensatz zu Turm-Leichtfiguren-Endspielen kommen solche Endspiele seltener in der Partiepraxis vor.

Endspiele ohne Bauern

Dame gegen Leichtfigur

Das Endspiel Dame gegen Leichtfigur ist fast immer elementar gewonnen.

In Ausnahmefällen kann durch Kombination verschiedener Motive wie Fessel und Patt, Dauerschach, Gabel oder Spieß noch Remis erreicht werden.

Diagramm links:
Remis nach 1. Lh4–f2 Db6xf2 patt.

Diagramm rechts:
Dauerschach nach 1. Sg4–h6+ Kg8–h8 2. Sh6–f7+ oder Tote Stellung mit nur noch beiden Königen, wenn sich die Dame gegen den Springer hergibt.

Dame gegen zwei Leichtfiguren
Das Endspiel Dame gegen zwei Leichtfiguren ist mehrheitlich gewonnen für die Damepartei. Die Leichtfigurenpartei kann Remis halten, wenn ihr König und die beiden Figuren eine Festung aufbauen können. Zwei Springer gegen eine Dame bestehen erfolgreich, wenn sie sich nebeneinander in der Nähe ihres Königs aufhalten.

Gegen einen Läufer und einen Springer sowie gegen das Läuferpaar gewinnt die Damepartei theoretisch fast immer, wobei der Gewinn gegen die Läufer manchmal sehr kompliziert und langwierig ist. Die Diagrammstellung zeigt ein Beispiel für eine Gewinnstellung der Damepartei gegen Läufer und Springer:

1. Db6 Le5 2. Db3 Ld4 3. Kb2 Lf6 4. Da3 Ke4 5. Db4+ Kf5 6. Kb3 Sd5 7. Db7 Sf4 8. Kc4 Le5 9. Dd7+ Kg5 10. Dc8 Lf6 11. Dc5+ Kg4 Nun führt Weiß ein Dreiecksmanöver mit der Dame aus, um die Zugpflicht auf Schwarz zu übertragen. 12. Da5 Lg7 13. Dc7 Lf6 14. Dc5 Lh4 Nicht 14. … Lg7? 14. Dg1+ 15. Dd4 Kf5 16. Dd7+ Ke5 17. Dc7+ Kf5 18. Dh7+ Sg6 19. Kd5 Lf6 20. Dh3+ Kg5 21. Dg2+ Kf5 22. De4+ Kg5 23. Ke6 Sf4+ 24. Kf7 Lb2 25. Db7 Le5 26. Dd7 Sh5 27. De7+ Kf5 28. De6+ Kf4 29. Dh6+ Kg4 30. Dg6+ Kh4 31. De4+ Lf4 32. Kg6 Kg4 33. De2+ Kg3 34. Kxh5 und gewinnt.

Insbesondere gegen das Läuferpaar kann die Gewinnführung, beiderseits optimales Spiel angenommen, an der 50-Züge-Regel scheitern. Gegen zwei Läufer gleicher Felderfarbe, was praktisch nie vorkommt, gewinnt die Dame relativ einfach.

Dame und Leichtfigur gegen Dame
In den meisten Fällen ist das Endspiel Dame und Leichtfigur gegen Dame remis. Falls die stärkere Seite zum konzentrierten Angriff kommt, ist jedoch oftmals ein Gewinn möglich, der auf Zugzwangstellungen beruhen kann. Das Endspiel wurde besonders von dem belgischen Schachkomponisten Julien Vandiest untersucht.

Dame gegen drei Leichtfiguren
Das Endspiel Dame gegen drei Leichtfiguren ist meistens remis. Die Damepartei hat etwas bessere Siegchancen, muss aber gelegentlich aufpassen, die Dame nicht durch eine Gabel oder einen Spieß zu verlieren. Die Leichtfigurenpartei hingegen muss darauf achten, keine ihrer Figuren durch einen Doppelangriff oder Spieß zu verlieren.

Endspiele mit Bauern

Dame gegen Leichtfigur und Bauer
Das Endspiel Dame gegen Leichtfigur und Bauer ist in aller Regel gewonnen für die Damepartei. Ausnahmen gibt es, wenn der Bauer auf seine siebte Reihe vorgerückt ist und von König oder Leichtfigur unterstützt wird. In diesen Fällen kann die Leichtfigurenpartei oft remis erreichen; manchmal kann sie eine der wenigen Remisstellungen des Endspiels Dame gegen Bauer anstreben.

Dame gegen zwei Leichtfiguren und Bauer
Im Endspiel Dame gegen zwei Leichtfiguren und Bauer hat die Damepartei mehrheitlich Gewinnaussichten. Doch die Leichtfigurenpartei kann in einem Teil der Fälle Remis halten und in wenigen Ausnahmefällen sogar gewinnen.

Literatur
 Karsten Müller, Frank Lamprecht: Fundamental Chess Endings. Gambit Publications, 2001, ISBN 1-901983-53-6.
 John Nunn: Secrets of Pawnless Endings. B. T. Batsford, London 1994, ISBN 0-7134-7508-0.
 Mark Dworezki: Dvoretsky's Endgame Manual, second edition. Russel Enterprises, 2006, ISBN 1-888690-28-3.

Weblinks
 Endspieldatenbankabfrage – alle 6-Steiner (deutsch)

Einzelnachweise

Schachendspiel

Dame-Leichtfiguren-Endspiel


Palua kan henvise til:
 Palau – østat i Stillehavet
 Palau (Italien) – italiensk by og kommune på Sardinien
 Palau-del-Vidre – fransk by og kommune i departementet Pyrénées-Orientales
 Palau-de-Cerdagne – fransk by og kommune i departementet Pyrénées-Orientales
 Palau de la Generalitat – hovedsæde for Cataloniens regering i Barcelona
 Palau de la Música Catalana – koncerthal i Barcelona, Spanien
 Palau Blaugrana – arena i Barcelona, Catalonien, Spanien, der tilhører FC Barcelona

Palau (flertydig)


Michael York OBE (born Michael Hugh Johnson; 27 March 1942) is an English actor. After performing on stage with the Royal National Theatre, he had a breakthrough in films by playing Tybalt in Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet (1968). His blond, blue-eyed boyish looks and English upper social class demeanor saw him play leading roles in several major British and Hollywood films of the 1970s. His best known roles include Konrad Ludwig in Something for Everyone (1970), Geoffrey Richter-Douglas in Zeppelin (1971), Brian Roberts in Cabaret (1972), George Conway in Lost Horizon (1973), D'Artagnan in The Three Musketeers (also 1973) and its two sequels, Count Andrenyi in Murder on the Orient Express (1974), and Logan 5 in Logan's Run (1976).

In his later career he found success as Basil Exposition in the Austin Powers film series (1997–2002). He is a two-time Emmy Award nominee, for the ABC Afterschool Special: Are You My Mother? (1986) and the AMC series The Lot (2001).

In 2002, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to motion pictures.

Early life
York was born in Fulmer, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, son of Florence Edith May Chown, a musician, and Joseph Gwynne Johnson, a Llandovery-born Welsh ex-Royal Artillery British Army officer  and businessman. York has an elder sister, Penelope Anne (born 1940) and younger twin sisters, Caroline and Bridget (born 1947); Bridget died a few hours after birth, according to York's autobiography. He was brought up in Burgess Hill, Sussex.

During his teenage years, York was educated at Bromley Grammar School for Boys, Hurstpierpoint College and University College, Oxford. He did some early acting at the community theatre Bromley Little Theatre, and was its president in 2014. This then led to his joining the National Youth Theatre, also performing with the Oxford University Dramatic Society and the University College Players. He began his career in a 1956 production of The Yellow Jacket. In 1959, he made his West End début with a small part in a production of Hamlet.

Career
Prior to graduating with a degree in English from the University of Oxford in 1964, York had toured with the National Youth Theatre, After some time with the Dundee Repertory Theatre, where he played in Brendan Behan's The Hostage, York joined National Theatre under Laurence Olivier where he worked with Franco Zeffirelli during the 1965 staging of Much Ado About Nothing. Following his role on British TV as Jolyon (Jolly) in The Forsyte Saga (1967), York made his film debut as Lucentio in Zeffirelli's  The Taming of the Shrew (1967). He then was cast as Tybalt in Zeffirelli's 1968 film adaptation of Romeo and Juliet. He starred in The Guru (1969), then played an amoral bisexual drifter in Something for Everyone (1970). In the 1971 film Zeppelin, he portrayed a World War I soldier with conflicted family loyalties who pretends to side with the Germans. He portrayed the bisexual Brian Roberts in Bob Fosse's film version of Cabaret (1972). In 1975, he portrayed a British soldier in 19th century colonial India in Conduct Unbecoming, the first of three films he did with director Michael Anderson. In 1977, he reunited with Franco Zeffirelli as John the Baptist in Jesus of Nazareth.

York starred as D'Artagnan in the 1973 adaptation of The Three Musketeers and he made his Broadway début in the original production of Tennessee Williams's Out Cry. One year later the sequel to The Three Musketeers was released (roughly covering events in the second half of the book) titled The Four Musketeers. Fifteen years later, most of the cast (and crew) joined together in a third film titled The Return of the Musketeers based on the Dumas novel Twenty Years After. He played the title character in the film adaptation of Logan's Run (1976), a fugitive who tries to escape a computer-controlled society. The following year, he starred in The Island of Dr. Moreau opposite Burt Lancaster.

Since his early work, York has enjoyed a busy and varied career in film, television and on the stage. He appeared in two episodes in the second season of the Road to Avonlea series as Ezekiel Crane, the lighthouse keeper of Avonlea and foster father of Gus Pike. His Broadway theatre credits include Bent (1980), The Crucible (1992), Someone Who'll Watch Over Me (1993) and the ill-fated musical The Little Prince and the Aviator (1982), which closed during previews. He also has made many sound recordings as a reader, including Harper Audio's production of C. S. Lewis' The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe.

York appeared in the 1996 Babylon 5 episode "A Late Delivery from Avalon" as a delusional man who believed himself to be King Arthur. Two years later he would play King Arthur in A Knight in Camelot. He also appeared as Professor Asher Fleming, a 60-year-old Yale professor and boyfriend of Yale student Paris Geller (Liza Weil) during the fourth season of Gilmore Girls. Additionally, York voiced numerous characters in the DC Animated Universe: Count Vertigo and Montague Kane in Batman: The Animated Series, Kanto in Superman: The Animated Series, and Ares in Justice League Unlimited. York starred in both The Omega Code and its sequel, Megiddo: The Omega Code 2, as Stone Alexander, the Antichrist from Christian eschatology.

In 2002, he received a Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to motion pictures. He played President Alexander Bourne of Macaronesia on seaQuest 2032. He played Basil Exposition in all three of the Austin Powers films. He has made an appearance on The Simpsons as Mason Fairbanks, Homer Simpson's possible father, in "Homer's Paternity Coot". In 2006, York played the character Bernard Fremont (inspired by real life serial killer Charles Sobhraj) in the Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode "Slither". He also appeared as a fictionalised version of himself in several episodes of the third season of Curb Your Enthusiasm as an investor in Larry's new restaurant 'BoBo's. In 2009, he lent his voice to Star Wars: The Clone Wars.

York voiced Petrie's uncle Pterano in The Land Before Time VII: The Stone of Cold Fire. In 2009, he narrated the entire Bible for The Word of Promise Audio Bible, a performance of the New King James Version. York again played King Arthur in a revival of Lerner and Loewe's Camelot, which began its run at the La Mirada Theatre in Southern California, and toured nationally in 2006 and 2007.

York portrays Luke in The Truth & Life Dramatised Audio New Testament Bible, a 22-hour audio dramatisation of the New Testament, which uses the Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition translation. In 2008, York took part in the BBC Wales programme Coming Home about his Welsh family history. In September 2013, York played Albany in the Gala Performance of William Shakespeare's King Lear at the Old Vic in London.<ref>[http://bookings.oldvictheatre.com/single/PSDetail.aspx?psn=16151 "King Lear]. . The Old Vic. Accessed 4 November 2014.</ref>

Personal life
York met photographer Patricia McCallum in 1967 when she was assigned to photograph him, and they married on 27 March 1968, York's 26th birthday. His stepson is Star Wars producer Rick McCallum. York was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1977.

Health issues
York announced he was suffering from the rare disease called amyloidosis in 2013. Doctors initially thought he had bone cancer. He underwent a stem cell transplant, which can alleviate symptoms, in 2012.

In 2022, in order to be closer to the Mayo Clinic for treatment, York and his wife moved to Rochester, Minnesota.

Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Autobiography
 .
 .
Also available in other editions

Other works
 York wrote about his experience with Megiddo: The Omega Code 2 in Dispatches from Armageddon. 2001, Smith & Kraus. .
 York is also the co-author, with director Adrian Brine, of A Shakespearean Actor Prepares''. 2000, Smith & Kraus. .

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1942 births
Living people
Alumni of University College, Oxford
Audiobook narrators
English expatriates in the United States
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male video game actors
English male voice actors
English people of Welsh descent
National Youth Theatre members
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Hurstpierpoint College
People from Gerrards Cross
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors

Michael York


العمل هي أول جريدة للحزب الحر الدستوري الجديد، وكانت رديفا لجريدة لاكسيون الناطقة بالفرنسية والتي ظهرت قبل النسخة العربية. وقد كانت تتصدرها الآية القرآنية «وقل اعملوا فسيرى الله عملكم ورسوله والمؤمنون». استمرت هذه الجريدة في الصدور بعد الاستقلال باعتبارها لسان حال الحزب الحاكم في تونس. ولم تتوقف عن الصدور إلا في شهر مارس 1988 حيث عوضتها جريدة ثانية تحمل اسم الحرية.

مراجع

انحلالات سنة 1988 في تونس
تأسيسات سنة 1932 في تونس
صحف تونسية
صحف تونسية سابقة
منشورات انحلت في 1988
منشورات أسست في 1932
صحف باللغة الفرنسية نشرت في تونس
صحف أسست في 1932

العمل (جريدة تونسية)


පසුගිය දින කිහිපයේ ලක්ෂ සංඛ්‍යාත ජන ගංගාවකින් පිරී ඉතිරී ගිය මහනුවර නගරය මේ වන විට නැවතත් සුපුරුදු තත්ත්වයට පත් වී ඇත. එහෙත් පෙරහැර අවසන් වූවාට මහනුවරට හෝ දළදා මාලිගයට පැමිණෙන පිරිසේ කිසි දිනෙකවත් අඩු වන්නේද නැත. මේ සටහන කියවන ඔබද ජීවිතයේ එක් වරක් හෝ මහනුවර දළදා මාලිගයට ගොස් ඇති බව නිසැකය. ජාති ආගම් භේදයකින් තොරව ශ්‍රී ලාංකිකයන් මෙන්ම මෙරටට පැමිණෙන සංචාරකයන්ද අනිවාර්යයෙන්ම යා යුතු තැනක් ලෙස මහනුවර තෝරා ගන්නේ එහි ඇති ඓතිහාසික වටිනාකම නිසාමය. ඇතැම් විට ඔබ මහනුවරට කිහිප වරක්ම ගොස් තිබෙනවා වන්නට පුළුවන. මහනුවර අවට පවතින ඓතිහාසික, ආගමික සහ සංචාරක ආකර්ෂණය දිනාගත් සියලුම ස්ථාන පිළිබඳ ඔබ හොඳින් දැන සිටින්නටද පුළුවන. එහෙත් මහනුවරට පැමිණෙන සැදැහැවතුන්ට සහ සංචාරකයන්ට මඟහැරෙන, මහනුවර දළදා මාලිගය ආසන්නයේම පිහිටි සුවිශේෂ ඓතිහාසික ස්ථානයක් ලෙස මැද වාසල ගොඩනැඟිල්ල හැඳින්විය හැකිය.

වර්තමානය වන විටත් මැදවාසල කෞතුකාගාරය නැරැඹීම සඳහා පැමිණෙන්නේ දළදා මාලිගයට පැමිණෙන පිරිසෙන් අතළොස්සක් බව එහි යන ඕනෑම කෙනකුට පැහැදිලිව දැකගත හැකිය. ඒ සඳහා ප්‍රධානම හේතුව වන්නේ මහනුවරට පැමිණෙන බොහෝ දෙනකු මේ පිළිබඳ දැනුවත් වී නොසිටීමය. දළදා මාලිගය වැඳපුදා ගනිමින් පසු පල්ලේ වාසල කෞතුකාගාරය සහ උඩ වාසල කෞතුකාගාරය නැරඹීමට කටයුතු කරන බොහෝ දෙනකුට ඒ ආසන්නයේම පිහිටා ඇති මැද වාසල කෞතුකාගාරය මඟහැරෙන්නේ ඒ නොදැනුවත්කම මතය. මැද වාසල කෞතුකාගාරය ජනතා ප්‍රදර්ශනයට විවෘත වූයේ මීට වසර තුනකට පෙර එනම් 2016 වසරේ වීමද ඒ සඳහා එක් හේතුවක් වී ඇත.

මැද වාසළ කෞතුකාගාරය යනු ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අවසන් රජු වන ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ රජුගේ බිසව ජීවත් වූ මාළිගය ලෙස හඳුනාගෙන ඇත. මෙරට බිසවක වෙනුවෙන් ඉදිකළ එකම මාළිගය වන්නේද මේ මහනුවර මැද වාසලය. මහනුවර මැද වාසල ඓතිහාසික වටිනාකම අතින් සුවිශේෂ ස්ථානයක් වන්නේද ඒ නිසාමය. 1798 වසරේ සිට 1815 වසර දක්වා මෙරට රජකළ ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ රජුගේ බිසව ලෙස සඳහන් වන්නේ වෙන්කත රංග ජම්මාල් බිසවය. වෙන්කත රංගමාල්, වෙන්කත රංගම්මා යන නම්වලින්ද හැඳින්වෙන ඇය මලබාර් ජාතික කාන්තාවක් බව ඉතිහාස වාර්තාවන්හි සඳහන්ය. උඩරට රාජධානියේ මහ රජුගේ අග මෙහෙසිය වුවද, මෙරට තුළදී රංගමාල් බිසව ගතකර ඇත්තේ එතරම් සුවපහසු දිවියක් නොවන බව මැද වාසලට යන ඕනෑම කෙනකුට පහසුවෙන් සිතාගත හැකිය. විශාල දැව කඳන් යොදා නිමවා ඇති මැද වාසලට ඇතුළු වන දොරටුව විශාල එකක් වුවද, එහි කවුළුව ඉතා කුඩා එකකි. චන්ද්‍රවංකය සහිතව නිමවා ඇති මෙම දොර සඳහා සරනේරු භාවිත කර නැති අතර ඒවා පිළියෙළ කර ඇත්තේ ලීවලින්මය. එමෙන්ම දොර අගුලු නිර්මාණය කර ඇත්තේද ලීවලින් වීම මෙහි තවත් විශේෂවත්වයක් ලෙස හැඳින්විය හැකිය. එමෙන්ම මෙම දොරටුව නිර්මාණය කර ඇත්තේ එය ඇතුළතින් පමණක් අගුලු දැමිය හැකි පරිදිය. ඇතුළතින් අගුලු ලූ පසු එය පිටතින් කිසිවකුට විවෘත කළ නොහැකිය.

මැද වාසල ලෙස හැඳින්වුවද, මේ තුළ දක්නට ඇත්තේ එකම එක කාමරයක් පමණක් වීමද තවත් විශේෂත්වයක් ලෙස හැඳින්විය හැකිය. රංගමාල් බිසව ගතකළ ජීවිතයේ දුක්ඛිත බව තවත් තේරුම් යන්නේ එම කුටිය තුළදීය. ඇඳක් තැබීම සඳහා භාවිත කළ කැපුම් හතරක් කුටිය තුළ දක්නට ලැබෙන අතර එයට නුදුරින් දක්නට ඇත්තේ කුටිය තුළදී භාවිත කළ කැසිකිළි ගලය. ඇඳ තබා තිබූ ස්ථානය වටා නිදන් කර තිබූ මන්තර කොටා තිබූ පත් ඉරු කිහිපයක්ද එහි තිබී හමුවී ඇත. මැද වාසල කුටිය නිරීක්ෂණය කරන විට එය වර්තමාන සිර කුටියක තත්ත්වයේ වූ බව තේරුම් ගියද ඇතැම් විට එය සනීපාරක්ෂක පහසුකම් සහිතව නිමවා තිබූ සුවපහසු කුටියක් ලෙස අතීතයේ පැවැතෙන්නට ඇති බවද සිතිය හැකිය. කැණීම් කටයුතු අතරතුර මතුවූ කුටිය පුරා ඇඳි මහනුවර යුගයේ සිතුවම් කිහිපයක් අදටත් මැද වාසල තුළදී දක්නට ඇත. ලී කැටයම්, කැණිමඬල, පද්ම බොරදම් සහිත මැදමිදුල සහ ඒ වටා ඉදිව ඇති කාණු පද්ධතිය වැනි මහනුවර යුගයේ උසස් වාස්තු විද්‍යා ලක්ෂණ රැසක්ද අදටත් මැද වාසල තුළ දක්නට ඇත.

කුටිය තුළ කොයි ආකාරයේ ජීවිතයක් ගත කළද, රාජසිංහ රජු විසින් වෙන්කත රංගමාල් බිසව සැමගෙන් වසන් කර තිබූ බව මහනුවර යුගයේ ඉතිහාස වාර්තා අනුව සොයාගත හැකිය. ඒ වාර්තාවල සඳහන් වන්නේ බිසව දැකගැනීමේ අවස්ථාව උදාවී ඇත්තේ ඇයගේ කිට්ටුම සේවිකාවන්ට පමණක් බවය. මහනුවර යුගයේ තොරතුරු අනාවරණ කෙරෙන වැදගත් මූලාශ්‍රයක් ලෙසින් සැලකෙන රොබට් නොක්ස්ගේ වාර්තාවන්හිද, රංගමාල් බිසව පිළිබඳ සඳහන්වී ඇත.

"ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ රජුගේ නීත්‍යනුකූල බිසව මලබාර් දේශයෙන් මෙරටට ගෙන්වාගත් කාන්තාවකි. මා දැන සිටි විසි අවුරුද්දක කාලය තුළ ඇය රජු සමඟ නොවසන බව මම දැනසිටියෙමි. මහ රජු තම ඇසුරින් ඇය ඈත් කොට ඇත්තේය. ඇගේ වාසස්ථානය වූයේ මහනුවර නගරයේ මාලිගාවකි. ඇය කිසි දිනෙක ඇය වසන මාළිගයෙන් පිටතට නොයන්නීය. වංශවත් පවුල් කිහිපයක දූවරු මේ බිසවගේ සේවාව සඳහා කැපවී සිටිති." ඇය පිළිබඳ රොබට් නොක්ස් සඳහන් කර ඇත්තේය. එලෙස ඇය රඳවා තිබූ කුටිය අද අප කතාකරන මැද වාසල බවට නිශ්චිතව නිරීක්ෂණය කර ඇත්තේ 1815 දී එච්.ටී. කැප්පෙටිපොළ අඳින ලද මහනුවර නගරයේ එවකට සැකැස්ම ඇතුළත් සිතියමක් හරහාය. එබැවින් නොක්ස්ගේ වාර්තවන්හි සත්‍ය අසත්‍යතාව තේරුම්ගැනීමට හොඳම ස්ථානය වන්නේද මැද වාසලමය.

රාජාධිරාජසිංහ රජුගේ බිසවගේ සොහොයුරියගේ පුතකු වූ කන්නසාමි කුමාරයා වයස අවුරුදු 16 දී ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ ලෙස රජකමට පත්වන්නේ කුමන්ත්‍රණයක ප්‍රතිඵලයක් ලෙසටය. හිරිමල් කුමාරයෙක් වෙත රජකම ලබාදෙමින් ඔහු තමන්ට අවශ්‍ය පරිදි නම්මවා ගැනීම එම කුමන්ත්‍රණය මෙහෙයවූ පිළිමතලව්වේ මහාධිකාරම්ගේ අරමුණ විය. නමුත් රජකම භාරගෙන ටික කලකින් මෙම කුමන්ත්‍රණය වටහාගත් රාජසිංහ රජු ඔවුනට අවනත නොවී තමන්ට රිසි සේ කටයුතු කරන්නට විය. ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ යනු මතට ළොල්වූ සල්ලාල රජ කෙනකු ලෙසින්ද හැඳින්වෙන අතර ඉංග්‍රීසීන්ට යටත් කරගැනීමට හැකි වූ ප්‍රධාන හේතුව වූයේද රජු සහ සිංහල ප්‍රධානීන් අතර පැවැති අමනාපකම්ය.

මහනුවර රජකම දැරූ වසර 17ක කාලසීමාව තුළ ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම රාජසිංහ සිදුකළ අකටයුතුකම් රාශියක් ගැන ඉතිහාසයේ සඳහන් වුවත්, රජුගේ අගමෙහෙසිය වූ රංගමාල් බිසව ගැන ඒ එක් තැනක හෝ සඳහන් නොවීමද විශේෂත්වයකි. රොබට් නොක්ස් පවසන ආකාරයට රජු ඇයව වෙන්කර තැබීමද ඒ සඳහා හේතු වන්නට ඇත. රජකම දරන අවදියේ රජු සමඟ නොසිටියද ඉතිහාසයේ රංගමාල් බිසව ගැන නැවත සඳහන් වන්නේ රජු ඉංග්‍රීසීන්ගේ අත්අඩංගුවට පත්වීමෙන් පසුවය.

සිංහල ප්‍රධානීන් කිසිවකුගේ සහාය මහරජුට නොලැබීම මත උඩරට රාජධානිය පහසුවෙන් අත්පත් කර ගැනීමේ අවස්ථාව ඉංග්‍රීසීන්ට හිමි විය. සිංහාසනය ඉංග්‍රීසීන් අතට පත්වීමට පෙර මාලිගයෙන් පැනගත් රජු සැඟව සිට ඇත්තේ මහනුවරට නුදුරු රහසිගත ප්‍රදේශයකය. එලෙස සැඟව සිටි රජු ඉංග්‍රීසීන්ට අල්ලා ගැනීමට උදවුකර ඇත්තේ එක්නැළිගොඩ නිළමේ විසිනි. අත්අඩංගුවට පත් වන අවස්ථාවේ රංගමාල් බිසවද රජු සමඟ සිටි බව ඉතිහාස තොරතුරුවල සඳහන්ය. මහ රජු වශයෙන් සිටියදී තමන්ව වෙන්කර තැබුවද, අසරණ වූ රජු සමඟ ජීවත්වීමට රංගමාල් බිසව කටයුතු කර ඇති බව ඒ අනුව තේරුම් ගත හැකිය. එමෙන්ම අත්අඩංගුවට පත් රාජසිංහ රජු සහ රංගමාල් බිසවට සිංහල ප්‍රධානීන් නොයෙක් වධ හිංසා පමුණුවා ඇත. රංගම්මා බිසව පැළඳ සිටි කන් ආභරණ ඔවුන් ගලවා දමා ඇත්තේ ඇයගේ කන් පෙති ඉරීයන ලෙසටය. නමුත් රජු වෙනුවෙන් ඒ සියල්ල විඳදරාගත් රංගමාල් බිසව, රජු මෙරටින් පිටුවහල් කිරීමෙන් පසුවද ඔහු සමඟ ජීවත්වී ඇත්තේ සැබෑ ආදරවන්තියක් ලෙසටය. ඇය එලෙස වධ හිංසනයට ලක්වන අවස්ථාවේ ඇඳ සිටි ලේ තැවරුණු හැට්ටය කොළඹ කෞතුකාගාරය තුළදී අදද දැකගත හැකිය.

සිංහල රාජාවලියේ බිසෝවරුන් පිළිබඳ අපමණ සාහිත්‍ය නිර්මාණ බිහිවී තිබුණද, සැබෑ ආදරවන්තියක් වූ රංගමාල් බිසව පිළිබඳ ලියවුණු සාහිත්‍ය නිර්මාණ සොයාගැනීම අසීරුය. මැද වාසලේ තනිවුණු රංගමාල් බිසව පිළිබඳ තොරතුරු සොයායන අතරතුරේදී ඇය සම්බන්ධයෙන් ලියැවුණු ගී පද වැලක් නෙත ගැටුණේ අහම්බෙනි. නූතන පරපුරේ දක්ෂ පද රචකයකු වන අසංක රුවන් සාගර විසින් රචිත එම ගීතය ගායනා කරන්නේ ශානිකා සුමනසේකර විසිනි. රංගම්මා පිළිබඳ සොයාගිය මේ කතාබහ නිමාකරන්නට පෙර ඒ පද වැලද සටහන් කරන්න අදහස් කළේ තමන්ට කොතෙක් කුරිරුකම් කළද රාජසිංහ රජු පිළබඳ රංගමාල් බිසව සතු වූ නොනිමි සෙනෙහස ඒ හරහාද මනාව පිළිඹිබුව ඇති බැවිනි.

නාගසින්නම් හඬ අහන්නට

රන්දෝලි මහ පෙරහැරේ ..

රන් තෝඩු නැති පාලු රෑ කන් පෙති

අතගගා ඔන්න මං ආවා..

තරහ අවසර ශ්‍රී වික්‍රම පෙම්බරාණනේ…

කාත් කවුරුත් නොමැති නුවරක

මට ඔබම විතරයි ඒ මගේ ප්‍රාණේ…

පිටුවහල් කොට යන්න කී දා

කොහොම අතහැර යම්ද නැව් නැඟ

පල්ලෙ වාහල මිහිරිතම මතකේ….

බිසෝ මාලිග රහස් දොරකඩ

ඔබේ රුව ඇඳුනයි ඒ මගේ රාත්‍රී…

ඇතොවුරෙන් මට යන්න වෙනදා

ඔබට දෙන්නට තිබුණ වස්තුව

කාට උදුරාගත නොහුණු ස්නේහේ…

වෙන්කටරංග රාජම්මාල් වෙන්කටම්මා මූදුචුන්නම්මා වෙන්කට ජම්මාල්


Adrian Bîrzu (n. 13 august 1968, Hârlău – d. 21 mai 2017, Iași) a fost un chimist român, conferențiar universitar  în cadrul Facultății de Chimie, Universitatea "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași.

Educație
A urmat cursurile școlii primare la Școala de Aplicație, pe cele gimnaziale la Liceul "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași, iar pe cele liceale la Colegiul Național din Iași.

A urmat cursurile Facultății de Fizică din cadrul Universității "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași (în perioada 1987-1992) și ale Facultății de Chimie, din cadrul aceleiași Universități (1993-1996). In anul 2000 a obținut titlul de doctor in domeniul Chimie, specializarea Chimie fizică, cu teza intitulată "Neliniaritate și autoorganizare în sisteme chimice departe de echilibru" (coordonator: Profesor Gelu Bourceanu).

Activitate profesională
Din 1993 a fost angajat la Facultatea de Chimie, Universitatea "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" din Iași, ca asistent, lector și apoi conferențiar universitar. Pregatirea universitară și-a îmbunătățit-o prin stagii, burse sau specializări postuniversitare în universități și centre de cercetare din Germania, Statele Unite ale Americii, Ungaria, China etc. A predat cursuri de Chimie fizică, Termodinamică chimică, Cinetică chimică și Cinetică enzimatică. A fost (co)autor a șase cărți și cursuri universitare, precum și coordonatorul a numeroase lucrări de licență, dizertație și lucrări metodico-științifice pentru obținerea gradului I în învățământrul preuniversitar. În perioada 2010-2014 a fost cancelar al Facultății de Chimie. De asemenea, a pregatit elevii din lotul olimpic pentru Olimpiadele Internaționale de Chimie (2008-2009), fiind și membru în panelul de evaluare pentru Olimpiadele Naționale de Chimie (2005-2017).

Domeniile de cercetare în care a avut contribuții remarcabile au fost Dinamică neliniară (în special, în sisteme electrochimice) și Dinamica sistemelor complexe. Rezultatele sale au fost publicate în 32 articole, care au fost citate în peste 180 lucrări științifice (h-index= 7). In consecință, prin cercetările sale, Adrian Bârzu a contribuit la cunoașterea actuală în domeniul sistemelor neliniare și a sistemelor complexe, prin aplicarea metodelor matematice și de modelare numerică.

A coordonat două granturi internaționale în calitate de director de proiect și a făcut parte din echipe de cercetare a multor altora. A fost membru al Societății Române de Chimie (din 2005), membru al Registrului Național al Experților în Invățământ Superior și Cercetare (din 2005) și expert evaluator pentru bursele Fulbright în România (2011-2014).

Burse și premii internaționale
1998-2001: Roman Herzog Fellowship, Bremen Universität (Prof. N.I. Jaeger)

2002-2003: Humboldt Research Fellowship, Technische Universität München și Fritz Haber Institute of Max Planck Society - Berlin (unde a lucrat în cadrul colectivului coordonat de către Profesorul Gerhard Ertl, laureat al Premiului Nobel pentru Chimie)

2005, 2008, 2011, 2015: Humboldt Research Fellowship,  Technische Universität München (Prof. K. Krischer)

2012: Senior Fulbright Fellowship, Saint Louis University (Prof. I.Z. Kiss)

Publicații relevante (selecție)
Periodic transition between breathing spots and synchronous sulfur deposition/dissolution in transpassive region of the electro-oxidation of sulfide on platinum, ChemElectroChem, 4(8) (2017) pp. 2075–2078
Asymmetrical multiphase front propagation and localized oscillations in a reaction-migration iron electrodissolution model with microfluidic flow cell geometry, Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 19(11) (2015) pp. 3229–3240
Spatially distributed current oscillations with electrochemical reactions in microfluidic flow cells, ChemPhysChem 16(3) (2015) pp. 555–566
Highly disparate activity regions due to non-uniform potential distribution in microfluidic devices: Simulations and experiments, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 726 (2014) pp. 27–35
Resonance tongues in a system of globally coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators with time-periodic coupling strength, Chaos 20(4) (2010) 043114
Synchronization of electrochemical oscillators of S-NDR type,  Electrochimica Acta 55(2) (2009) pp. 383–394
 A. Bîrzu, M. Dumitraș, "Cinetică chimică. Aspecte fundamentale", Ed. Matrix Rom, București, 2008
Confined spatio-temporal chaos during metal electrodissolution: Simulations, Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 221(9-10) (2007) pp. 1245–1254
Two-dimensional electrochemical turbulence during the electrodissolution of metal disk electrodes: Model calculations, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 8(31) (2006) pp. 3659–3668
Effect of the interface on separation in multicapillary gas chromatography-based hyphenated techniques for speciation analysis of organometallic compounds, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 382(8) (2005) pp. 1993–1998
 G. Bourceanu, A. Bîrzu, "Termodinamica evoluției și dinamică neliniară", Ed. Matrix Rom, București, 2004
Stability of uniform electrode states in the presence of ohmic drop compensation, Electrochimica Acta 49(1) (2003) pp. 103–115
Excitable dynamics during electrodissolution of a metal disk electrode: Model calculations, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 5(17) (2003) pp. 3724–3731
Complex spatiotemporal antiphase oscillations during electrodissolution of a metal disk electrode: Model calculations, Journal of Physical Chemistry B 107(24) (2003) pp. 5825–5835
 A. Bîrzu, G. Bourceanu, L. Onel, "Dinamică neliniară", Ed. Matrix Rom, București, 2003
Evolution of spatiotemporal patterns during the electrodissolution of metals: Experiments and simulations, Chaos 12(1) (2002) pp. 231–239
 Spatiotemporal patterns on a disk electrode: Effects of cell geometry and electrolyte properties, Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie 216(4) (2002) pp. 459–477
Spatiotemporal patterns during electrodissolution of a metal ring: Three-dimensional simulations, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 504(2) (2001) pp. 126–136
Modelling of spatiotemporal patterns during metal electrodissolution in a cell with a point reference electrode, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2(12) (2000) pp. 2715–2724

Note

Nașteri în 1968
Decese în 2017
Chimiști români
Absolvenți ai Universității din Iași
Cadre didactice universitare ale Universității Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iași
Conferențiari universitari români
Bursieri Humboldt
Cercetători români
Specialiști în termodinamică

Adrian Bîrzu


Hattersley is an area of Tameside, Greater Manchester, England; it is located   west of Glossop and  east of Manchester city centre, at the eastern terminus of the M67. Historically part of Tintwistle Rural District in Cheshire until 1974, it is the site of an overspill estate built by Manchester City Council in the 1960s. Hattersley is an area receiving major regeneration, which includes building new housing and additional retail stores.

History

Construction of the estate

Between 1894 and 1936, Hattersley was a largely rural civil parish in the Tintwistle Rural District in the historical county of Cheshire. In 1936, it was annexed to the municipal borough of Hyde but remained undeveloped. At the beginning of the 1960s, most of the area was purchased by Manchester City Council to build a large overspill estate, which became home to many families rehoused from inner-city slum areas like Gorton. Another similar estate was built in Gamesley. Both these estates consist primarily of council-built houses.

Renewal and privatisation
Regeneration in Hattersley is coordinated by Hattersley Neighbourhood Partnership.

The city council transferred control of most of Hattersley's housing stock to Peak Valley Housing Association in 2006 after an attempt to transfer it to the Harvest Housing Group which collapsed when a £20 million gap in funding to refurbish the homes to new housing standards was identified. The transfer brought a £40 million, seven-year improvement plan for existing housing tied to a  £140m investment from a private developer.

Selective demolition has begun to remove some obsolete housing leaving space for redevelopment and investment in education and public services. Seven tower blocks were demolished in 2001. Demolition of some of the 1960s low-rise houses on the estate took place in 2007 and 2008, these houses having deteriorated to a condition where refurbishment was not viable, in spite of these houses being just over 40 years old.

In 2012 a Tesco supermarket was opened, despite residents' concern about extra traffic.

Moors Murders

Moors murderer Myra Hindley and her grandmother Ellen Maybury, together with Hindley's boyfriend Ian Brady, were rehoused in Hattersley from Gorton in 1964 and lived at a new council house in the area – 16 Wardle Brook Avenue – for approximately 12 months until Hindley and Brady were arrested in October 1965. They had already carried out three murders – still undetected – before they moved to Hattersley

Brady spent much of his time at the house with Hindley and together they carried out their  final two killings of 10-year-old Lesley Ann Downey and 17-year-old Edward Evans at the house; they had already committed three murders while living in Gorton. The body of Lesley Ann Downey was buried on nearby Saddleworth Moor the day after her murder on Boxing Day 1964, It was found in the initial search of the moors nearly a year later, but the body of Edward Evans was found at the house in October 1965 before the couple could dispose of it; the police then went on to find the evidence to link Brady and Hindley to the earlier murders. Brady and Hindley were sentenced to life imprisonment in May 1966, both remaining in custody until their deaths.

In October 1987, Manchester City Council demolished the house as they could not find tenants willing to live there. The site of the house remains vacant, although the surrounding houses remain standing.

Dale Cregan

On 18 September 2012, drug dealer Dale Cregan made a hoax emergency call to the police from an address in Mottram, luring Police Constables Nicola Hughes, 23, and Fiona Bone, 32, of Greater Manchester Police there by claiming that there had been an incident of criminal damage. When they arrived, he ambushed the constables, shooting them and throwing an M75 hand grenade at them. Both officers were hit by at least eight bullets as Cregan fired 32 shots in 31 seconds. He later turned himself in at Hyde police station and was charged with their murders.

Community and regeneration
Hattersley had a monthly community newspaper, the Hattersley & Mottram Community News, produced by local people; it ceased publication in 2011, after Tameside Council ended its funding. It is home to no. 468 (Hyde and Hatterley) Squadron Air Cadets.

Hattersley is now home to both a brand-new community hub and a library. Many new developments have been important in kick-starting the regeneration of the Hattersley district; these include new housing, a large Tesco Extra superstore and Adventure Longdendale (a trampolining, Laser Quest and play centre). There are also plans for Hattersley Retail Park; this was originally scheduled to open in 2021, but has faced multiple setbacks.

Transport

Hattersley railway station serves the area; it is on the Glossop line between Manchester Piccadilly, Glossop and Hadfield. There is a generally half-hourly service in both directions, operated by Northern Trains.

Bus services are provided by Stagecoach Manchester. There are frequent services to Manchester city centre on route 201.

Notable people
Ricky Hatton, the former two-weight world champion boxer, grew up on the estate.
Lisa Huo, brought up in Hattersley, was a contestant on Big Brother 7.
Shayne Ward, from Hattersley, was on The X Factor.

See also

Listed buildings in Longdendale

References

Geography of Tameside
Areas of Greater Manchester
Housing estates in Greater Manchester
History of Manchester
Hyde, Greater Manchester

Hattersley


Viasat was a satellite and pay television brand, co-owned by the Swedish media group Viaplay Group in the Nordic countries, Antenna Group in Hungary, and by Viasat World internationally. Founded in Sweden in 1991, Viasat has previously been owned by Modern Times Group. The channels of both companies were broadcast from London.

In 2020, Viasat formed a joint venture with Canal Digital to form the company Allente. The merger was completed on April 13, 2021.

Satellite platforms
The Viasat signals was received from the Astra 4A and SES-5 satellites at 4.8°E with any DVB-S receiver equipped with a NDS VideoGuard descrambling module.
Viasat does not have a platform of their own outside the Nordic and Baltic countries, so they have to rely on third party distributors in Eastern and Central Europe.

In May 2016, MTG announced the launch of Viasat Ultra HD, the first ultra-high-definition television (UHD) channel in the Nordic region and its first UHD Sports channel. The channel will feature selected live sport events especially produced in Ultra HD and launch in the autumn in Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland via SES-5. Viasat will also be launching an Ultra HD set-top box from Samsung and a TV-module to enable existing UHD TVs to display the channel.

TV channels

Nordic countries
The Nordic Viasat-branded operations are owned by Viaplay Group. The brand is no longer used for the advertising-funded and free-to-air channels of Viaplay Group.

V Film and V Series
V Film and V Series channels are common for the four Nordic markets.
 V Film Premiere
 V Film Action
 V Film Hits
 V Film Family
 V Series

Sports
The available sports television channels differ across the Nordic markets due to the varying broadcasting rights. In Denmark most of the Viaplay-owned sports channels use the brand TV3 (TV3 Sport and TV3 Max).

V Sport Ultra HD (Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark)
V Sport Golf (Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark)
V Sport Live 1-5 (Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark)
V Sport 1 (Sweden, Finland, Norway)
V Sport Extra (Sweden)
V Sport Premium (Sweden and Finland)
V Sport Football (Sweden and Finland)
V Sport Vinter (Sweden and Finland)
V Sport Motor (Sweden and Finland)
V Sport Premier League (Norway)
V Sport Premier League 1-4 (Norway)
V Sport+ (Norway)
V Sport 2 (Norway)
V Sport 3 (Norway)
V Sport+ Suomi (Finland)
V Sport 1 Suomi (Finland)
V Sport 2 Suomi (Finland)

International channels
Owned by Viasat World.

Pay channels:
Viasat Nature
Viasat Explore
Viasat History
Epic Drama (in Central and Eastern Europe)
TV1000 (in Balkan states)
Viasat Kino (previously TV1000 East) (in Baltic states)
Viasat Kino Action (previously TV1000 Action East) (in Baltic states)
Viasat Kino World (previously TV1000 World Kino) (in Baltic states)
Viasat Kino Megahit (previously ViP Megahit East) (in Baltic states)
Viasat Kino Comedy (previously ViP Comedy East) (in Baltic states)
Viasat Serial (in Baltic states)

Pay channels in Russia, Central Asia and Caucasus (owned by Viasat Russia):
Viju Nature (previously Viasat Nature)
Viju Explore (previously Viasat Explore)
Viju History (previously Viasat History)
Viju TV1000 (previously TV1000)
Viju TV1000 Action (previously TV1000 Action)
Viju TV1000 Russkoe (previously TV1000 Russkoe Kino)
Viju TV1000 Novella
Viju+ Megahit (previously ViP Megahit)
Viju+ Comedy (previously ViP Comedy)
Viju+ Premiere (previously ViP Premiere)
Viju+ Serial (previously ViP Serial)
Viju+ Planet (previously Viasat Nature/History HD)
Viju+ Sport (previously Viasat Sport)

Hungary
Owned by Antenna Group.

Pay channels:
AXN Hungary
Viasat 2 Hungary
Viasat 3 Hungary
Viasat 6 Hungary
Viasat Film Hungary

DBS Channels
In addition to their own channels, Viasat carry several third-party channels on their platform.

Country specific

Sweden:
SVT1 (also in HD)
SVT2 (also in HD)
SVT24 (timesharing with Barnkanalen)
SVT Barnkanalen (timesharing with SVT24)
Kunskapskanalen
TV4
Sjuan
TV4 Film
TV4 Fakta
TV4 Science fiction
TV4 Sport
TV4 Komedi
TV4 Guld
TV4 News
Kanal 5
Kanal 9
Kanal 11
TNT
MTV Sweden
Nickelodeon Sweden
Comedy Central Sweden

Denmark:
DR1
DR2
DR3 (HD)
DR K
DR Ramasjang
DR Ultra
TV 2 Denmark
TV 2 Charlie
TV 2 Film
TV 2 News
TV 2 Zulu
Kanal 4
Kanal 5
6'eren
7'eren
24 Nordjyske
MTV Denmark

Norway:
NRK1
NRK2
NRK3/NRK Super
TV 2 Norge
TV 2 Filmkanalen
TV 2 Nyhetskanalen
TV 2 Sport
TV3 (Norway)
TVNorge
FEM
MAX
VOX
MTV Norway

Slovakia:
RTVS

Lithuania:
Lietuvos Rytas TV
LRT Televizija
LRT Lituanica
LNK
TV1
BTV
Sport1

Transnational

Animal Planet Europe (only in the Baltics)
BBC World News
Cartoon Network (6.00-21.00, time-sharing with TCM Europe)
CNBC Nordic
CNN International
Discovery Channel Europe (only in the Baltics)
Disney Channel Scandinavia
E!
Euronews
Boomerang (Nordic) (launched on 30 September 2010 as a 24-hour channel)
The God Channel
MTV Live HD
Nat Geo Scandinavia
Nat Geo HD
Nat Geo Wild
Nickelodeon Scandinavia (6.00-18.00, time-sharing with VH1 Europe)
Nick Jr. (Sweden)
NHK World
NTV Mir (only in the Baltics)
Playboy TV (time-sharing with Viasat Nature/Crime)
Disney Junior Scandinavia (time-sharing with Viasat Film Drama)
Ren TV (only in the Baltics)
RTR Planeta (only in Estonia and Lithuania)
RT
Spice Platinum (time-sharing with Viasat Explorer)
Spice Private (also known as Viasat Ticket 2 Erotic)
STS International (only in the Baltics)
Disney XD Scandinavia (defunct in December 31, 2020)
TCM Nordic (Turner Classic Movies) (21.00-6.00, time-sharing with Cartoon Network Nordic)
VH1 Europe (18.00-6.00, time-sharing with Nick Jr Sweden)
CBS Reality
MTV Europe
Penthouse HD1
Penthouse HD2
Space Channel 3D

Former channels

World record

The live 3D broadcast of the 2011 UEFA Champions League final match between Manchester United and Barcelona was provided by Viasat in 3D format in Gothenburg (Sweden). The football match was broadcast on EKTA screen. This Ukrainian produced 3D LED TV made The Guinness Book of World Records.

See also
List of Danish television channels
List of Estonian television channels
List of Finnish television channels
List of Latvian television channels
List of Lithuanian television channels
List of Norwegian television channels
List of Swedish television channels

External links
Viasat World
Viasat Sverige
Viasat Danmark
Viasat Norge
Viasat Suomi

References

Mass media companies established in 1991
2020 mergers and acquisitions
Mass media companies disestablished in 2021
Direct broadcast satellite services
Television in Sweden
Television in Denmark
Television in Finland
Television broadcasting companies of Norway
Television networks in Sweden

Broadcasting in the United Kingdom
Local mass media in London

Viasat (Nordic television service)


Distrito de Bazargán (en persa, بخش بازرگان) es un distrito (bajsh) de la comarca de Makú,en la provincia iraní de Azerbaiyán Occidental. En 2006, el censo reflejaba una población de 20.342, distribuida en 4098 familias. El Distrito tiene una ciudad, Bazargán.

Referencias

Distritos de Irán

Distrito de Bazargán


A 25.ª Paris-Roubaix teve lugar a 3 de abril de 1924 e foi vencida pelo belga Jules Van Hevel.

Classificação final

Referências

Ligações externas
Site oficial

1924
1924 no ciclismo
1924 na França

Paris-Roubaix de 1924


La «  » printemps-été 1991 est le surnom d'une collection de vêtements et accessoires aux motifs pied-de-coq créés par Azzedine Alaïa en 1991.

Historique

L'idée de collaborer avec Tati émane de Julian Schnabel qui a réalisé au préalable la série de peinture « Tati Paintings ». En échange de l'accord de l'entreprise à bas coûts pour utiliser le motif, Alaïa dessine gratuitement trois objets, commercialisés par l'enseigne : un sac, un tee-shirt et des espadrilles, mais refuse l'idée de leur faire une collection qu'il l'obligerait à transiger sur la qualité.  pour le couturier, il précise que , car
. C'est chose rare que le couturier tunisien utilise des motifs imprimés pour ses créations, d'autant plus ici de par l'image publicitaire du motif associé automatiquement à l'enseigne. Malgré tout, le fait que cette collection reste peu abordable par ses tarifs et sa faible distribution, elle ne peut être considérée comme une forme de démocratisation de la mode.

La collection d'Alaïa est composée de blousons, tailleurs, corsets, maillots de bain, brassières à baleines, grandes culottes, shorts, pantalons, robes, casquettes dans les couleurs rose, bleue ou noire. Le défilé voit les mannequins Naomi Campbell grande amie du couturier, Yasmin Le Bon, Farida Khelfa,  ou Helena Christensen.

Le magazine Elle publie une double page composée de vêtements Tati et de vêtements Alaïa, avec David Bowie posant en short. Par la suite Bettina Graziani porte le sac Alaïa-Tati au mariage d'Elizabeth Taylor en Californie et se fait largement photographier. La collection reste particulièrement remarquée à l'époque et entre dans l'histoire de la mode comme l'une des premières collaborations significatives entre un couturier et une marque de distribution à bas coûts. Elle est également signe de la collaboration entre un artiste et la mode, associations qui vont se répandre dans les années suivantes.

L'exposition « Azzedine Alaïa, une autre pensée sur la mode. La collection Tati » (2019 - ), organisée par la Fondation Azzedine Alaïa, expose plusieurs modèles, sur fond de « Tati Paintings » de Julian Schnabel, de photos de Ellen von Unwerth et d'illustrations de Thierry Perez.

Bibliographie

Références

Lien externe

1991 en France
Collection de mode

Collection Tati


El coquí llanero (Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi) es una especie de rana nativa de Puerto Rico perteneciente a la familia Eleutherodactylidae. La especie fue descubierta en un humedal, en una antigua base militar. La especie parece estar en grave peligro de extinción ya que se encuentra solamente en una localidad.

Taxonomía
El Coquí llanero fue descrito por Neftalí Ríos-López y Richard Thomas en 2007. Pertenece al género Eleutherodactylus, que en griego significa dedos libres.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

juanariveroi
Anfibios de Puerto Rico
Fauna endémica de Puerto Rico
Animales descritos en 2007

Eleutherodactylus juanariveroi


Barlow Trecothick ( - ) est un marchand de la ville de Londres élevé dans la Province de la baie du Massachusetts qui devient l'un des députés de la ville de Londres et est lord-maire de Londres en 1770.

Jeunesse

Trecothick est le fils d'un capitaine de marine, Mark Trecothick, de son mariage avec Hannah Greenleaf. Son lieu de naissance est incertain, mais c'est probablement Stepney ou bien en mer . Un biographe rapporte qu'il est né le 27 janvier 1720 à Stepney . Son frère Edward Trecothick y est baptisé en 1721.

À partir de 1724 environ, les Trecothicks vivent à Boston, dans la baie du Massachusetts, où en 1734 le jeune Trecothick est apprenti chez Charles Apthorp, un marchand d'origine anglaise extrêmement riche de Boston, le servant jusqu'en 1740, puis devenant un marchand .

Carrière
Dans son témoignage devant un comité parlementaire en Angleterre en 1766, Trecothick déclare qu'il a vécu à Boston entre sept et vingt-deux ans, est ensuite en Jamaïque pendant sept ans, retourne en Nouvelle-Angleterre pendant trois ans et s'installe finalement à Londres. Sa sœur Hannah est née à Boston le 2 décembre 1724 .

Après s'être mariés en 1747, Trecothick et sa femme déménagent à Londres, où ils s'installent vers 1750, et il continue à faire du commerce en tant que marchand, par l'intermédiaire d'une société appelée Trecothick, Apthorp et Thomlinson, devenant membre de la Worshipful Company of Clothworkers .

Après avoir fait fortune et être devenu échevin de la Corporation de Londres, Trecothick achète en 1768 le manoir d'Addington, dans le Surrey, pour 38 500 £ et commence la construction d'Addington Park, une nouvelle maison de campagne conçue par Robert Mylne dans le style palladien, avec des ailes de plain-pied .

Il a bientôt un domaine d'environ cinq mille acres  et continue à siéger en tant que député de la ville de Londres entre 1768 et 1774, servant également comme lord-maire en 1770 .

Vie privée

Le 2 mars 1747, Trecothick épouse Grizzel Apthorp, la fille aînée de Charles Apthorp . Sa première femme meurt sans enfant le 31 juillet 1769 et le 9 juin 1770, Trecothick épouse Anne, une fille d'Amos Meredith et une sœur de William Meredith (3e baronnet). Il n'a pas non plus d'enfants de ce mariage .

Trecothick meurt le 28 mai 1775, avant que sa maison d'Addington ne soit achevée. Il est enterré au cimetière St Mary the Blessed Virgin à Addington.

Sa propriété et sa succession passent à un neveu instruit à Harvard, James Ivers, le fils de la sœur cadette de Trecothick, Hannah, qui change son nom en Trecothick selon les termes du testament de son oncle, et il termine la maison, mais doit la vendre en 1803 . Addington Park est acheté par Charles Manners-Sutton et devient l'un des palais des archevêques de Canterbury et est rebaptisé Addington Palace .

Références

 Bryce E. Withrow, "Une étude biographique de Barlow Trecothick 1720–1775" dans The Emporia State Research Studies, Vol. 38, numéro 3 (Emporia Graduate School, 1992)

Liens externes

Décès en mai 1775
Lord-maire de Londres

Barlow Trecothick


Eberhard Feister (* 1. September 1930 in Bautzen; † 24. Mai 1987) war ein deutscher Diplomat. Er war Botschafter der DDR im Sudan, in Angola und in mehreren südostasiatischen Staaten.

Leben
Nach dem Abitur absolvierte Feister 1950/1951 zunächst ein Praktikum und studierte dann von 1952 bis 1955 an der Hochschule für Ökonomie Berlin. Er schloss sein Studium als Diplomwirtschaftler ab. Von 1955 bis 1960 war er Mitarbeiter beim Rat des Kreises Strausberg.

1960 trat er in den diplomatischen Dienst der DDR ein und wurde Anfang der 1960er Jahre Attaché an der Botschaft in Sofia. Von 1966 bis 1968 war er stellvertretender Leiter, von Juli 1968 bis Juni 1969 dann Leiter der DDR-Handelsvertretung in Khartum und anschließend bis Mai 1970 Botschafter im Sudan. Während des Sudan-Besuches des Präsidenten der Zentralafrikanischen Republik (ZAR), Jean-Bédel Bokassa, unterzeichnete Feister mit diesem am 18. April 1970 eine Vereinbarung über die Herstellung diplomatischer Beziehungen und den Austausch von Botschaftern zwischen der DDR und der ZAR. 1970 promovierte Feister. Ab 1970 war er leitender Mitarbeiter in der Abteilung Arabische Länder im Ministerium für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten der DDR. Von März 1976 bis November 1977 war er Botschafter in Luanda.

Von April 1978 bis März 1982 war Feister Botschafter in Indonesien, vom 8. Juni 1978 bis Juli 1981 Botschafter in den Philippinen, vom 21. September 1978 bis 1980 Botschafter in Malaysia und vom 23. Juni 1979 bis Februar 1982 auch Botschafter in Singapur. Zuletzt arbeitete er als Sekretär des Solidaritätskomitees der DDR.

Feister war Mitglied der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei Deutschlands. Er verstarb nach langer schwerer Krankheit im Alter von 57 Jahren.

Auszeichnungen
 Orden "Banner der Arbeit" Stufe III (1981)
 Verdienstmedaille der Republik Indonesien (1982)

Literatur
 Günther Buch: Namen und Daten wichtiger Personen der DDR. 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Dietz, Berlin (West)/Bonn 1979, ISBN 3-8012-0034-5, S. 68.
 Former GDR Ambassador Receives Service Medal. In: Southeast Asia Report, Nr. 1240, 18. Januar 1983, S. 8.
 Gabriele Baumgartner, Dieter Hebig (Hrsg.): Biographisches Handbuch der SBZ/DDR. 1945–1990. Band 1: Abendroth – Lyr. K. G. Saur, München 1996, ISBN 3-598-11176-2, S. 173.

Einzelnachweise

Botschafter der DDR
SED-Mitglied
Träger des Banners der Arbeit
Deutscher
DDR-Bürger
Geboren 1930
Gestorben 1987
Mann

Eberhard Feister


Vísifingur er einn af fingrum mannshandar staðsettur milli þumals og löngutangar.

Vísifingur er ýmist annar eða þriðji lengsti fingur handar þar sem hann getur lent hvorum megin sem er við baugfingur.

Fleiri karlmenn en konur hafa baugfingra sem eru lengri en vísifingur. Tilraunir á öpum sýna að með því að sprauta testósteróni í fóstur má framkalla skemmri vísifingur í hlutfalli við baugfingur. Ennfremur hefur verið sýnt fram á að karlmenn sem hafa skemmri vísifingur eru líklegri til að sýna hegðun sem er dæmigerð fyrir hátt hlutfall testósteróns svo sem árásargirni.

Mannslíkaminn

Vísifingur


Adrian Salzedo este un actor din Spania. Cel mai cunoscut rol il are in Tini: Marea schimbarea a Violettei,fiind Caio! Adrian are 25 de ani este nascut pe 6 mai 1991 in Torrejón de Ardoz ,fiind  in Spania

Actori spanioli

Adrian Salzedo


An Microtis angusii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni David Lloyd Jones. An Microtis angusii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Microtis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha New South Wales. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Microtis

Microtis angusii


HMS Swift war ein Einzelschiff, das nach Vorstellungen des Ersten Seelords, Admiral "Jackie" Fisher, entwickelt wurde. Nach dessen Anforderungen an ein Schiff von etwa 900 Tonnen Verdrängung, 320 Fuß Länge und 36 Knoten Höchstgeschwindigkeit im Oktober 1904 reichten Cammell Laird, Thornycroft, Fairfields, John Brown und Armstrong Whitworth Vorschläge ein. Mitte Dezember 1905 wurde dann ein Auftrag an Cammell Laird vergeben und die Swift gebaut, die umfassend getestet wurde.

Obwohl als Prototyp einer Klasse neuer Flottillenführer gedacht, wurden bis 1914 keine weiteren Schiffe dieses Typs gebaut, da die Bewaffnung als zu schwach galt, die Geschwindigkeitsvorstellungen nicht realisiert wurden und die Kosten zu hoch waren.

Zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkriegs diente die Swift bei der Grand Fleet als Führerboot der 4. Zerstörerflottille. Das Wetter im Winter in der nördlichen Nordsee erwies sich als zu belastend für das Schiff, so dass es ab Frühjahr 1915 der "Dover Patrol" zugewiesen wurde, wo es bis zum Kriegsende Dienst tat.

Baugeschichte
Die Swift entstand nach einer Forderung des Ersten Seelords, Admiral Fisher, nach einem großen, ozeanfähigen Zerstörer, der Zerstöreraufgaben und Aufklärungsaufgaben für eine Schlachtflotte übernehmen könnte. Die Vorstellungen Fishers (320 Fuß lang, 900 Tonnen Verdrängung, 36 Knoten) wurden im Oktober 1904 von den zivilen Hauptbauwerften (Cammell Laird, Thornycroft, Fairfield, John Brown und Armstrong) mit Vorschlägen beantwortet. Die aufgeforderten Werften hatten Schwierigkeiten, die Anforderungen umzusetzen. Ein von Armstrong vorgelegter Entwurf sollte £ 284.000 kosten, im Vergleich zu £ 139.881 für einen Zerstörer der Tribal-Klasse (HMS Afridi).

Schließlich entschied die Admiralität Mitte Dezember 1905, Cammell Laird einen Bauauftrag für ein Schiff von 340 ft Länge und 1680 Tonnen Verdrängung zu geben, das mit vier einzelnen 4 Zoll-102 mm-Mark VIII-Geschützen und zwei 18 Zoll-Torpedorohren bewaffnet und von einer ölgefeuerten 30.000 PSi Parsons-Turbinenanlage auf vier Wellen angetrieben werden sollte. Der Preis sollte £ 236.000 betragen, und als Name war Flying Scud vorgesehen (im April 1906 auf Swift geändert). Die Kiellegung des Schiffes erfolgte im Dezember 1906, und es lief am 7. Dezember 1907 vom Stapel.

Der Vertrag mit der Admiralität enthielt den Zusatz einer Prämie von £ 18.000 für jeden erreichten Knoten über 36 Knoten. Die Meilenfahrten der Swift vor Skelmorlie im März 1909 litten unter einer Vielzahl von Ausfällen und führten nur zu 35,099 Knoten als erreichter Höchstgeschwindigkeit. Dazu kam ein schockierend hoher Treibstoffverbrauch von 27,5 Tonnen/Stunde bei einem Vorrat von nur 180 Tonnen. Bei weiteren Tests bis September 1909 wurden 26 verschiedene Schraubenentwürfe getestet, um die geforderte Geschwindigkeit von 36 Knoten zu erreichen. Die  Admiralität akzeptierte schließlich das Schiff für £ 236.764, von denen allerdings £ 44.240 wegen der nicht erreichten Vertragsgeschwindigkeit und der späten Fertigstellung in Abzug gebracht werden sollten. Nach Verhandlungen mit dem Hersteller wurden die Abzüge schließlich auf £ 5000 reduziert. Entgegen den tatsächlich erreichten Geschwindigkeiten wurde der Swift in der Presse eine Geschwindigkeit von 38 Knoten zugeschrieben.

Obwohl als Prototyp einer Klasse gebaut, wurden bis 1914 keine weiteren Flottillenführer in Auftrag gegeben. Anders als andere Ideen Fishers, wie die HMS Dreadnought oder die HMS Indomitable, die den Schlachtschiffs- und Schlachtkreuzer-Bau aller großen Flotten veränderten, hatte die Swift keinen ähnlichen Einfluss auf die Kriegsschiffsbauentwicklung. In der Royal Navy wurden Zerstörer ähnlicher Größe erst mit der zweiten Tribal-Klasse von 1936 in Auftrag gegeben, denen allerdings schon Großzerstörer anderer Marinen vorangegangen waren.

Kriegseinsatz
Zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkriegs diente die Swift bei der Grand Fleet als Führerboot der 4. Zerstörerflottille. Am 15. Oktober 1914 wurde sie nach der Versenkung des Kreuzers HMS Hawke mit den Zerstörern HMS Contest und HMS Christopher zur Rettung von Überlebenden entsandt. Die meisten der 65 Überlebenden waren allerdings zuvor schon von einem zufällig passierenden norwegischen Frachter gerettet worden.

Das Wetter im Winter in der nördlichen Nordsee erwies sich für die in ihren Verbänden leicht gebaute Swift als zu belastend, so dass sie im Frühjahr 1915 der "Dover Patrol" zugewiesen wurde. 1916 wurde die Swift umfassend überholt und dabei wurden die beiden vorderen 4-Zoll-Geschütze durch ein einzelnes 6-Zoll-Geschütz ersetzt. Sie war der einzige Zerstörer der Royal Navy, der je eine Kanone dieses Kalibers erhielt. Dazu war ihr Vorschiff erheblich verstärkt worden, um das Gewicht und den Rückstoß der Waffe aushalten zu können.

Die modernisierte Swift führte in der Nacht vom 20. zum 21. April 1917 auf einer Routinekontrollfahrt unter Ambrose Peck zusammen mit der HMS Broke unter Edward Evans ein Gefecht mit sechs deutschen Torpedobooten am Zugang zur Straße von Dover nahe der Goodwin Sands, die in der Nacht Dover beschossen hatten. In einem unübersichtlichen Gefecht, dem Zweiten Seegefecht im Kanal, versenkte die Swift das deutsche Boot G 85, kommandiert von Kapitänleutnant Hans-Heinrich Stobwasser, mit einem Torpedo (83 Tote), während die Broke das von Bernd von Arnim befehligte G 42 rammte. Schließlich kam die Broke schwer beschädigt wieder frei und G 42 sank mit 36 Toten. Die Swift verfolgte anfangs die fliehenden deutschen Boote, erhielt einige Artillerietreffer vom Torpedoboot S 53 und konnte die Geschwindigkeit dann nicht mehr halten. Sie drehte ab, um die Broke zu unterstützen und rettete einen Teil der Besatzung des sinkenden G 42. Auf der Swift gab es nur geringe Verluste: Ein Mann war gefallen und fünf waren verwundet worden. Das 6-Zoll-Geschütz bewährte sich nicht im Gefecht und wurde wieder durch zwei 4-Zoll-Geschütze ersetzt. Die Reparatur der Gefechtsschäden und der Rückbau dauerten bis zum Juli 1917.

Im Frühjahr 1918 nahm die Swift als Teil der Sicherungsflottille am Überfall auf Zeebrügge und Ostende teil.

Ende
Bei Kriegsende wurde die Swift außer Dienst gestellt und im Dezember 1921 wie eine Vielzahl anderer überflüssig gewordener Boote der Royal Navy verkauft, um verschrottet zu werden.

Literatur
 H.W. Baldwin: World War I: An Outline History. Harper and Row, New York 1962.
 Maurice Cocker: Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893–1981. Ian Allan, 1983, ISBN 0-7110-1075-7.
 Anthony Preston: Destroyers. Bison Books, 1977, ISBN 0-86124-057-X.

Weblinks

 Special Boat Jane´s 1919
 HMS Swift battleships-cruisers.co. mit vielen Fotos

Einzelnachweise

Zerstörer (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Schiff im Ersten Weltkrieg
Einzelschiff
Cammell Laird

HMS Swift (1907)


منظومة العرض المرئي أي  طريقة عرض مرئي على شاشة الحاسوب، اخترعتها شركة آي بي إم عام 1987.

جدول مقارنة

مراجع

اختراعات أمريكية
بطاقات عرض مرئي
تلفزة عالية الدقة
منتجات آي بي إم
منتجات عرضت في 1987
مواصفات العرض المرئي
وصلات كهربائية

منظومة عرض مرئي


Andrea Di Corrado (* 13. August 1988 in Ponte San Pietro, Bergamo) ist ein ehemaliger italienischer  Radrennfahrer.

Di Corrado fuhr 2011 und 2012 beim UCI Professional Continental Team Colnago-CSF Inox, für das er 2012 bei der  Presidential Cycling Tour of Turkey deren fünfte Etappe gewann.

Weblinks

Radsportler (Italien)
Italiener
Geboren 1988
Mann

Andrea Di Corrado


Acis et Galatée (título original en francés; en español, Acis y Galatea) es una ópera en forma de «pastoral heroica» con música de Jean-Baptiste Lully y libreto en francés de Jean Galbert de Campistron basado en la leyenda de Acis y Galatea tal como se narra en Las metamorfosis de Ovidio. Se estrenó ante el Gran Delfín en el Château d'Anet el 6 de septiembre de 1686 (sin maquinaria escénica) y posteriormente en la Académie Royale de Musique el 17 de septiembre de 1686.

Tema
La historia narra la leyenda de la ninfa Galatea de quien se ha enamorado el cíclope Polifemo. La ninfa no le corresponde, y Polifemo se enfurece al ver que ella prefiere al bello pastor Acis, el gigante lo matará aplastándolo bajo una roca.

La partitura contiene pasajes hermosos como el largo pasacalle instrumental y vocal que pone fin al espectáculo, o el papel de Polifemo que es sin duda uno de los más bellos escritos para un bajo en la ópera barroca francesa.

La misma leyenda pastoral fue utilizada por dos veces por Georg Friedrich Händel, una la cantata Aci, Galatea e Polifemo estrenada en Nápoles en 1708 y, a continuación, con la masque Acis y Galatea en Cannons en 1718.

Personajes

Discografía

Acis et Galatée ha sido grabada por Marc Minkowski y Les Musiciens du Louvre con Jean-Paul Fouchécourt y Véronique Gens por el sello discográfico Archiv Produktion.

Véase también

 El apartado "Acis y Galatea" del artículo dedicado a Polifemo
 Acis
 Galatea
 Acis y Galatea
 Aci, Galatea e Polifemo
 Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea''

Notas

Óperas de Jean-Baptiste Lully
Óperas de 1686
Óperas en francés
Óperas estrenadas en Francia
Acis y Galatea (ópera)

Acis et Galatée


Hans Hut (Haina, Hildburghausen, Turingia, 1490 – Augsburgo, 6 de diciembre de 1527) fue un líder anabaptista en el sur de Alemania y Austria.

Juventud
Fue por varios años sacristán en Bibra (Schmalkalden-Meiningen); posteriormente trabajó allí como encuadernador y finalmente se dedicó a la venta de libros, dedicándose especialmente a distribuir textos luteranos, para lo cual viajó a diversos sitios.

En 1524, en Weissenfels, participó de un grupo de siete artesanos y obreros que estudiaban la Biblia y cuestionaban el bautismo infantil. Consultaron sus objeciones con los teólogos de Wittenberg, pero la respuesta no los dejó satisfechos. Hut decidió entonces no bautizar a su bebé recién nacido, por lo cual fue desterrado de Bibra. Fue entonces a vivir a Núremberg, donde se hizo amigo de Hans Denck y bautizó a Wolfgang Vogel, pastor de Eltersdorf (Erlangen).

Con Müntzer y la revolución campesina
En octubre de 1524 Thomas Müntzer y Heinrich Pfeifer, visitaron a Hut y pasaron una noche en su casa y luego Hut, Denk y Pfeifer se encargaron de hacer imprimir el folleto de Müntzer La falsa fe al desnudo. El impresor Jerónimo Höltzel fue por esta causa detenido en Núremberg y Pfeifer fue expulsado de la ciudad.

En 1525, al saber Hut que los campesinos seguidores de Müntzer se encontraban reunidos en Frankenhausen, decidió ir hasta ese lugar. Hut quería participar en la batalla del 15 de mayo de 1525, pero los disparos se lo impidieron. Derrotados los campesinos, muchos fueron detenidos y ejecutados; Hut fue liberado porque no había tomado las armas y volvió a Bibra.

El 31 de mayo de 1525 predicó en Bibra por invitación de Jörg Haug. Dijo que era hora de que los campesinos tomaran el poder y destruyeran a los enemigos de la verdad, pero explicó que no era la época del "fin de los tiempos", como creían los sublevados. Tras la derrota definitiva de los campesinos, Hut huyó de Bibra y se estableció de nuevo en Augsburgo.

Misionero
Después de muchas reflexiones, Hans Denk y Kaspar Färber convencieron a Hut de unirse su hermandad anabaptista. Denk, bautizado pocos días antes por otro líder anabaptista, Baltasar Hubmaier, lo bautizó el 26 de mayo de 1526, día de Pentecostés. Entonces trabajó con un éxito sin precedentes para el establecimiento y propagación de la nueva hermandad, viajando de un lugar a otro y consiguiendo en pocos meses muchos adherentes, especialmente entre los artesanos. Predicaba el inminente retorno de Cristo.

Hut fue a Franconia. En Königsberg, declaró que el principal error de los campesinos rebeldes fue buscar su propia gloria y no la gloria de Dios y recurrir a la espada en vez de esperar la acción divina. En su pueblo natal, Haina, ganó muchos adeptos. Cerca de Erlangen celebraron una conferencia, que fue disuelta por las autoridades y los participantes fueron expulsados de la ciudad. Se dirigió entonces a Suabia y luego a Moravia.

En la primavera de 1526 estuvo diez días en Augsburgo y durante ellos consiguió reorganizar la comunidad anabaptista, que eligió sus líderes y creó un servicio de ayuda a los pobres. Organizada sobre la base de la ayuda mutua, la comunidad creció rápidamente.

Debates con Hubmaier
A finales de 1526 en Nikolsburg, Moravia, Hut se encontró con Baltasar Hubmaier, pero sus divergencias sobre el pago del impuesto para la guerra contra los turcos les llevó a organizar un debate al respecto en Bergen. Hut se oponía a que los cristianos sostuvieran en cualquier forma la guerra contra los turcos. Tras un segundo debate que se llevó a cabo en el castillo de Nikolsburg, las autoridades detuvieron a Hut dentro del castillo, pero él logró escapar por una ventana.

Las autoridades acusaban a Hut de ser el autor de un folleto, cuya autoría negó. Actualmente se ha probado que ese folleto, que anunciaba que el fin del mundo sería en 1528 y negaba la divinidad de Cristo, no fue escrito por Hut, sino que fue obra de sus oponentes, quienes tomaron algunos puntos del cuestionario al que Hubmaier sometió a Hut y los amalgamaron hábilmente con algunas declaraciones anabaptistas y con afirmaciones inventadas con el objetivo de desprestigiar a los anabaptistas.

Hut tenía cinco hijos; el 25 de enero de 1527, una de sus hijas, detenida por ser anabaptista, fue ejecutada por ahogamiento, en Bamberg.

En Austria
Hut viajó a Austria. En mayo de 1527 bautizó en Viena a Hans Schlaffer y otras personas que habían oído su exposición sobre por qué los cristianos no deben tomar las armas ni aceptar empleos que les obliguen a hacerlo. Luego realizó una gira pastoral, que incluyó Melk, Steyr, Freistadt, Linz, Passau, Schärding, Braunau am Inn, Laufen y Salzburgo.

Prisión y muerte
En agosto de 1527 Hans Hut volvió a Augsburgo y participó con otros 60 líderes anabaptistas, en el llamado Sínodo de los Mártires, cuyos debates solamente se conocen por los procesos judiciales llevados a cabo contra los participantes y sus seguidores, en cuyas actas se encuentran frecuentemente declaraciones obtenidas mediante torturas. Se supone que se discutió sobre el advenimiento del Reino de Dios, la supuesta inminencia de la segunda venida de Cristo y la necesidad de mantener entretanto la no participación de los cristianos en la guerra, el gobierno y la magistratura.

Las autoridades de la ciudad ordenaron detener a los participantes en el sínodo y Hut fue arrestado el 16 de septiembre y, al igual que otros detenidos, fue condenado a prisión por tiempo indefinido. Después de haber sido sometido a torturas, murió de asfixia tras un incendio que se produjo en su celda el 6 de diciembre de 1527. Ya fallecido, su cuerpo fue condenado a ser quemado en la hoguera el día siguiente.

Obras
 'Rathsbüchlein (un catecismo, una oración antes de las comidas y una concordancia bíblica, 1526)
 Von dem geheimnis der tauf, baide des zaichens und des Wesens, ein anfang eines rechten wahrhaftigen christlichen Lebens ("Desde el misterio del bautismo", 1527)
 Ein christlicher Unterricht, wie göttliche Geschrift vergleicht und geurtailt solle werden. Aus kraft des heiligen geists und zeugnis der dreitail christlichen Glaubens sambt iren verstand ("La Doctrina Cristiana como Escritura Divina entendida desde el poder del Espíritu Santo y el testimonio de fe", 1527)
 Sendbrief Hans Huthen etwan ains. Fürnemen Vorsteers im Wiedertaufforden. Verantwortet durch Urban um Rhegium'' (Carta conocida como "A todos los cristianos de buen corazón", publicación póstuma, 1528)

Referencias

Anabaptismo
Protestantes de Alemania
Protestantismo en Austria
Misioneros protestantes

Hans Hut


Les Batrachospermaceae sont une famille d'algues rouges de l'ordre des Batrachospermales, vivant en eaux douces.

Étymologie
Le nom provient du genre type Batrachospermum, construit à partir du préfixe batrach-, grenouille (grec βατρακοσ / batrakos), et du suffixe -sperm, « semence ; graine » (grec σπερμ / sperm) ; littéralement « semence de grenouille » ; en effet, selon Charles d'Orbigny : .

Liste des genres
Selon  :

Selon  :
 Batrachospermum A. W. Roth, 1797
 Pseudochantransia K. E. Lee & H. C. Bold, 1973
 Sirodotia

Selon  :

Selon  (Attention liste brute contenant possiblement des synonymes) :
 Batrachospermum Roth
 Psilosiphon Entwisle
 Tuomeya Harv.

Selon  :

Notes et références

Liens externes

Famille d'algues rouges (nom scientifique)
Batrachospermales

Batrachospermaceae


Speedball (paintball)
Speed-ball, egipatski šport s reketom
Speedball (droga)
Speedball (američka loptačka igra)
Speedball (videoigra)
Robbie Baldwin, strip-junak, prvog imena Speedball

Speedball


Pier (Pietro) Antonio Micheli (n. 11 decembrie 1679, Florența – d. 1 ianuarie 1737 Florența) a fost un botanist, micolog (de fapt "tatăl micologiei"), acuarelist, desenator, gravor precum profesor universitar italian. Abrevierea numelui său în cărți științifice este P.Micheli.

Biografie

Renumitul savant a fost fiul lui Pier Francesco Micheli, unui lucrător, căsătorit cu Maria Salvucci. A crescut în condiții nefavorabile și a urmat doar școala elementară, dar a fost remarcat pentru interesul său deosebit față de plante.

El a fost promovat, printre altele, de Lorenzo Magalotti (1637-1712) și Cosimo Castiglioni și a obținut, de asemenea, sprijinul lui Cosimo III. de Medici, precum și al succesorului său. Cosimo i-a dăruit "Institutiones rei herbariae", marea operă a pe atunci renumitului savant Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, o lucrare care l-a influențat pe Micheli puternic.

Fiindcă Micheli nu putea să-și permită nici o educație secundară, a fost angajat ca grădinar în "Orto Botanico di Firenze" (grădina botanică din Florența). Acolo a devenit în curând asistentul lui Michelangelo Tilli, profesor de botanică și șef al grădinii botanice, pe care mai târziu a supravegheat-o și dezvoltat-o independent. Apoi a devenit student al lui Bruno Tozzi (1656-1743) cu care a fondat "Società Botanica Fiorentina" și cui i-a dedicat un nou gen descris de el, Tozzia cu specia Tozzia alpina din familia de plante Orobanchaceae. Mai departe, a dăruit numele genului de ferigi acvatici "Salvinia", descoperit de el, colegului său florentin, Antonio Maria Salvini (1653-1729). În urmare, botanistul a fost numit de Marele Duce Cosimo III de Medici, profesor de botanică la Universitatea din Pisa (1706) și, de asemenea, director al grădinii Botanice din Florența (1706). În 1717, a fondat societatea botanică florentină împreună cu Gualtieri, Franchi și Moniglia. Fondul include astăzi între altele 72 de manuscrise, marcate cu 1-71, plus un volum 69 bis, 2 volume marcate cu 29 bis, volumul tipărit al Nova plantarum și două volume (72 și 73) ale indexului alfabetic general.

Pe lângă aceste funcții a scris marea sa operă Nova plantarum genuri iuxta Tournafortii methodum disposita cu 79 de plăci colorate care a fost publicată în 1729 și cu care a câștigat cea mai mare recunoaștere în rândul savanților profesionali. În această lucrare, a cărei publicare a fost posibilă numai cu ajutorul de donatori generoși, Micheli a descris aproximativ 1900 de specii, dintre care 1400 pentru prima dată. Majoritatea acestor specii se numără printre plantele inferioare, incluzând aproximativ 900 de specii de ciuperci și licheni. În plus a contribuit decisiv la studiul ciupercilor, prin observarea la microscop, fiind primul care a descoperit sporii, basidiile și conidiile. El a observat chiar existența vălului micologic și a reușit să demonstreze, că ciupercile se reproduc prin spori. De acea este numit "tatăl micologiei". Cel mai mare renume l-a câștigat prin descoperirea existenței sporilor de ciuperci, începând astfel dezmințirea teoriei generației spontane care afirmase că unele organisme vii ar lua naștere din materie moartă. Dovada lui a fost simplă: prin plasarea de spori pe felii de pepene galben, Micheli a remarcat faptul că corpurile fructifere care au apărut pe fructe erau identice cu cele de la care luase sporii originali. Micheli s-a specializat ulterior în micro-fungi și s-a remarcat prin faptul că a definit mai multe genuri importante, printre care Aspergillus și Botrytis. A stat în corespondență cu cei mai importanți botaniști ai timpului, ca de exemplu cu James Petiver (1663-1718), William Sherard (1659-1728), Pierre Magnol (1638-1715), Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684-1747) sau Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672-1733).

Dar cel mai renumit savant cu care a avut un contact intensiv a fost altul: Deși Micheli și medicul precum sistematizatorul suedez Carl von Linné nu s-au întâlnit niciodată, ei au fost legați prin intermediul Nova Plantarum Genera (1729) a botanistului, Linné fiind un mare admirator acestei opere. O scrisoare recent localizată de la Linné, datând din 1736, din timpul când s-a aflat în Olanda, arată aprecierea lui cu privire la cunoștințele lui Micheli referitor la grupurile de plante în care avea numai puțină experiență. Lucrările proprii ale lui Linné, mai ales Species Plantarum (1753), citează extensiv descrierile și gravurile publicate de Micheli și, în consecință, multe dintre ele au fost ulterior desemnate ca lectotipi (din cuvintele grecești lectos=citat și typos=tip, un tip determinat, spre deosebire de  holotipul, mult mai târziu, uneori mai multe decenii după denumirea originală și a descrierii unei specii noi) pentru numele binoamelor linacee. Luând ca probă pe cele ale gravurilor și descrierilor lui Micheli citate de Linnaeus, acest studiu explorează gradul în care este posibilă asocierea specimenelor și gravurilor și influența pe care o avea Micheli asupra lui Linné în comparație cu cea a altor autori (în special J. J. Dillenius).

Aparatul iconografic a lui Micheli este bogat cu aproximativ 1.300 de desene și 2500 de plăci de culoare. Potrivit prietenului său Antonio Cocchi, speranța lui a fost publicarea "de binele comun". Mai departe a posedat pe lângă o colecție de insecte, scoici, minerale și fosile o colecție extinsă de plante uscate (aproximativ 19.000) care, niciodată văzute de Linné, au supraviețuit în Herbarul Micheli-Torgioni la Universitatea din Florența (Torgioni a fost mai întâi un elev, apoi un prieten foarte strâns al profesorului). Tot acest Torgioni-Tozzetti (1712-1783) a dobândit după moartea lui Micheli toate colecțiile lui și a publicat în "Catalogus plantarum Horti Caesarei florentini" din 1748, o descriere a grădinii botanice din Florența la momentul direcției savantului.

Ca colecționar de specimene de plante și minerale a întreprins multe expediții. Pe expediția sa de colectare din 1736, a contractat o pleurezie, din cauza căreia a murit la scurt timp după acea în Florența. Moartea lui a lăsat neterminat un manuscris în care sunt descrise șaizeci de plante maritime, destinate să constituie un al doilea volum a lNova plantarum genuri iuxta Tournafortii methodum disposita. Este păstrat la Muzeul de Istorie Naturală din Londra.

Referințe pentru articol:

Genuri și specii de bureți prim-descrise de Micheli (mică selecție)

Genuri
 Aspergillus (P.Micheli) Link (1809)
 Botrytis (P.Micheli) Pers. (1794)
 Cerioporus (P..Micheli) Adans. (1763)
 Clathrus (P.Micheli) L. (1753)
 Fungoidaster P.Micheli (1729)
 Grifola (P.Micheli) Gray (1821)
 Lycoperdon (P.Micheli) (1729)
 Polyporus (P..Micheli) Adans. (1763)
 Suillus P.Micheli (1729)
 Tuber P.Micheli (1729)
 Tulostoma (P.Micheli) Fr. (1829)

 Specii
 Calathella eruciformis (P.Micheli) Batsch (1786)
 Clathrus ruber (P.Micheli) Pers. (1801)
 Morchella semilibera (P.Micheli) DC. (1805)
 Mucilago crustacea (P.Micheli) F.H.Wigg (1789)
 Rhizomorpha subcorticalis (P.Micheli) Pers. (1801)

 Genuri și specii denumite în onoarea lui Micheli
Următoarele genuri și specii au fost denumite în onoarea marelui savant:

 Gen
 Michelia L. (1737)

 Specii
 Aspergillus Micheli L., 1729	(Trichocomaceae) Avellinia michelii (Savi) Parl., 1842 (Poaceae)
 Bellidiastrum michelii Cass., 1817 (Asteraceae)
 Carex michelii Host, 1797 (Cyperaceae)
 Eugenia michelii Lam., 1789 (Myrtaceae)
 Genista michelii Spach, 1844 (Leguminosae)
 Hieracium michelii Tausch, 1828 (Asteraceae)
 Isolepis micheliana (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. 1825 (Cyperaceae)
 Laurentia michelii A.DC., 1839 (Campanulaceae)
 Peziza michelii (Boud.) Dennis) (1960)
 Pitcairnia micheliana André, 1901 (Bromeliaceae)
 Salix micheliana J.Forbes, 1829 ([[Salicaceae]])
 Taxus michelii (Hort.) Carrière, 1867 (Taxaceae)
  Wolffia michelii Schleid., 1844 (Lemnaceae)

 Onoruri
 Statuia lui Micheli plasată în Piazzale degli Uffizi (1842)
 Via Micheli în Florența
 Casa grădinii botanice din Florența (Giardino dei Semplici)
 A fost fondat Gruppo micologico fiorentino Pier Antonio Micheli.

 Publicații (selecție)

 Nova plantarum genera, juxta Tournefortii methodum disposita... , Editura Bernardo Paperini, Florența 1729
 Octaviani Targioni Tozzetti: Catalogus vegetabilium marinorum musei sui: opus posthumus ad secundam partem novorum generum plantarum/celeberrimi Petri Antonii Micheli inserviens, cum notis Octaviani Targioni Tozzetti, Editura A. de Tofanis, Florența 1826
 Cl. Petri Antonii Michelii Catalogus plantarum horti caesarei florentini, opus postumum... ipsius horti historia locupletatum ab Jo. Targionio-Tozzettio,... , Editura Bernardo Paperini, Florența 1748 (postum)
 Compendio della relazione del celebre botanico Pier Antonio Micheli intorno all'erba orobanche…, Editura Andrea Bonducci, Florența 1754

 Note

 Bibliografie
 Heike Heklau, Heinrich Dörfelt: "Geschichte der Mykologie", Editura Dietenberger, Schwäbisch Gmünd 1998, ISBN 3-927654-44-2
 Karl Mägdefrau: "Geschichte der Botanik", Editura Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-437-20489-0 (retipărire din 1973)
 Moselio Schaechter: "Pier Antonio Micheli. The father of modern mycology; A paean", în: McIlvainea. Official organ of the NAMA'', vol. 14, nr. 1, (2000)
 Giovanni Targioni-Tozzetti: "Notizie della vita e delle opere di Pier' Antonio Michelli", Editura F. Le Monnier, Florența 1858

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1679
Nașteri pe 11 decembrie
Decese în 1737
Decese pe 1 ianuarie
Biologi din secolul al XVIII-lea
Oameni de știință italieni din secolul al XVIII-lea
Botaniști cu abreviere de autor
Profesori universitari italieni
Botaniști italieni
Ficologi
Micologi italieni
Gravori italieni
Scriitori de limbă latină
Oameni din Florența

Pier Antonio Micheli


Petrovce este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Sobrance din regiunea Košice. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 203 locuitori.

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Localitatea Petrovce este atestată documentar din 1571.

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