Lave lys Hoek van Holland (Hollandsk: Lage licht Hoek van Holland) er et af tre fyrtårne der oprindeligt stod i Hoek van Holland udenfor Rotterdam i Nederlandene. De øvrige fyrtårne er Høje lys Hoek van Holland og Vagttårnet fra Kijkduin. Lave lys Hoek van Holland blev skilt ad i 1977 og står i dag i Rotterdam, ud for Rotterdams maritime museum.

Forhistorie
Forgængeren til Lave lys var et ottekantet murstenstårn med en højde på 9 meter, der blev bygget i 1893, på præcis samme sted Lave lys oprindeligt stod. Dette fyrtårn var designet af A.C. van Loon. Idéen med at bygge det lave fyrtårn var, at man kunne bygge det meget længere ude. 544 meter længere inde i landet byggede man Høje lys. Når man kom fra havet ville man først få øje på Lave lys, og når man kom længere ind ville man også få øje på Høje lys. Når de to var på linje med hinanden vertikalt ville man vide, at skibet havde den korrekte kurs mod indsejling i Nieuwe Waterweg (Den nye vandvej), der ledte ind mod Rotterdam havn. Det blev dog hurtig klart at det første Lave lys var for lavt, og det blev erstattet af den nuværende udgave, der er et 15 meter højt tårn lavet i støbejern. Lave lys var det sidste fyrtårn i Nederlandene der blev lavet i støbejern.

Historie
Det røde støbejerns fyrtårn blev bygget i 1899 af Penn & Bauduin fra Dordrecht. Det er lavet af flere stykker støbejern, der er boltet sammen. Der er fire etager i fyrtårnet, og i alt 42 trappetrin. Til at starte med havde det gas drevne lys i tårnet en lysstyrke svarende til 2.000 stearinlys. I 1913 blev denne lysstyrke forøget til hvad der svarer til lyset fra 12.000 stearinlys. I 1921 gennemgik fyrtårnet en renovation, hvor man gik fra gas lys til elektrisk lys. I den forbindelse øgede man yderligere styrket på lyset til nu at være 10 gange så kraftigt som tårnet oprindeligt havde kunnet formå, nemlig en lysstyrke svarende til 20.000 stearinlys .

I 1967 blev fyrtårnet taget ud af brug, og malet gråt. Dette skyldtes at konstruktionen af Europoort havde udvidet kyststrækningen, så de to fyrtårne nu var så langt fra kyststrækningen, at de ikke havde noget reelt formål længere . En midlertidig løsning med en række stilladser med projektører på blev opstillet, indtil der i 1974 blev opstillet 9 moderne beton fyrtårne, til at erstatte de gamle fyrtårne.

I 1977 blev tårnet transporteret i to dele fra Leuvehaven til Rotterdam, og i 1990 blev det opstillet ud for det maritime museum i Rotterdam. Det blev malet op i den originale rød-brune farve.

Der blev opstillet et tårn magen til det første Lave lys fyrtårn blev samtidig opstillet i Kijkduin. I 2004 blev dette tårn transporteret med helikopter, og opstillet på det oprindelige sted Lave lys stod. I 2006 fik en underskrift indsamling, der ønskede at få tårnet tilbage til Kijkduin, 2.000 underskrifter.

Billeder

Se også
 Fyr (navigation) for mere viden om fyrtårne.

Referencer

Fyrtårne i Nederlandene

Lave lys Hoek van Holland


James Graham may refer to:

Arts and entertainment
 James Gillespie Graham (1776–1855), Scottish architect
 James Graham (photographer) (1806–1869), took some of the earliest photographs of Palestine
 James Graham (artist) (born 1961), founding director of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Tucson, Arizona
 James Graham (playwright) (born 1982), British playwright
 James Graham (singer) (born 1996), singer and member of the band Stereo Kicks

Baronets
 Sir James Graham, 1st Baronet, of Kirkstall (1753–1825), Tory MP for Cockermouth, Wigtown Burghs and Carlisle
 Sir James Graham, 1st Baronet, of Netherby (1761–1824), MP for Ripon 1798–1807
 Sir James Graham, 2nd Baronet (1792–1861), First Lord of the Admiralty, MP 1812–61 for Hull, St Ives, Carlisle, Cumberland, East Cumberland, Pembroke, Dorchester, Ripon

Military
 James Grahme or Graham (1649–1730), English army officer, courtier, politician and Jacobite
 James Graham (British Army soldier) (1791–1845), British soldier commended for bravery at the Battle of Waterloo
 James A. Graham (1940–1967), United States Marine and Medal of Honor recipient
 James Duncan Graham (1799–1865), member of the Corps of Topographical Engineers

Noblemen
 James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (1612–1650), Scottish nobleman and soldier
 James Graham, 2nd Marquess of Montrose (1631–1669), Scottish nobleman and judge
 James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose (1657–1684)
 James Graham, 1st Duke of Montrose (1682–1742), Scottish aristocratic statesman (was 4th Marquess)
 James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose (1755–1836), British statesman
 James Graham, 4th Duke of Montrose (1799–1874), British politician - Member for Cambridge
 James Graham, 6th Duke of Montrose (1878–1954), Scottish nobleman, politician and engineer
 James Graham, 7th Duke of Montrose (1907–1992), signatory to the Rhodesian Declaration of Independence
 James Graham, 8th Duke of Montrose (born 1935), member of the House of Lords
 James Graham, Marquess of Graham (born 1973), Scottish aristocrat

Politicians and political activists
 James Graham (speaker) (1650–1701), merchant, lawyer and speaker of the New York General Assembly
 James Graham (North Carolina politician) (1793–1851), United States representative from North Carolina
 James Graham (Brooklyn) (1847–1917), American hatter and politician from New York
 James H. Graham (1812–1881), United States representative from New York
 James Graham (Victorian politician) (1819–1898), merchant and member of the Victorian Legislative Council
 James McMahon Graham (1852–1945), United States representative from Illinois
 Sir James Graham (physician) (1856–1913), Scottish-Australian physician and New South Wales politician
 James D. Graham (1873–1951), American socialist politician from Montana
 James Callan Graham (1914–2006), member of the Texas House of Representatives
 James Allen Graham (1921–2003), North Carolina teacher and politician
 James B. Graham (1923-2007), Kentucky auditor of public accounts
 Jim Graham (1945–2017), American politician from Washington D.C.

Science and medicine
 James Graham (sexologist) (1745–1794), Scottish pioneer in sex therapy
 James Methuen Graham (1882–1962), Scottish surgeon
 James David Provins Graham (1914–1989), Scottish physician, pharmacologist and academic author
 Wes Graham (James Wesley Graham, 1932–1999), Canadian computer scientist
 James A. Graham (psychologist), American child psychologist
 James R. Graham, Irish astrophysicist,  at the University of California

Sportsmen
 James Graham (sport shooter) (1870–1950), American sports shooter
 James Graham (rugby union) (1884–1941), New Zealand rugby union player
 Jim Graham (footballer) (1892–1957), Australian rules footballer
 James Graham (cricketer) (1906–1942), Irish cricketer
 Jimmy Graham (footballer) (born 1969), Scottish association footballer
 James Graham (rugby league) (born 1985), English rugby league footballer
 Jimmy Graham (born 1986) American football player
 James Graham (baseball) 19th-century baseball player
 James Graham (footballer) (dates unknown), association footballer
 Jimmy Graham (cricketer) (1875–1942), Scottish cricketer

Others
 James L. Graham (born 1939), U.S. federal judge
 James Martin Graham (1956–1997), American Roman Catholic priest, and director of the International Christian AIDS Network
 James Lorimer Graham Jr. (1835–1876), American consul in Florence
 Jamie Graham, chief constable of Vancouver

See also
 James Graham Fair (1831–1894), United States senator

 James Graeme (disambiguation)
 Graham (surname)

James Graham


Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel (4 December 1821 – 16 March 1889), normally known as Wilhelm Tempel, was a German astronomer who worked in Marseille until the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, then later moved to Italy.

Tempel was born at Niedercunnersdorf, Saxony. He was a prolific discoverer of comets, discovering or co-discovering 21 in all, including Comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle, now known to be the parent body of the Leonid meteor shower, and 9P/Tempel, the target of the NASA probe Deep Impact in 2005. Other periodic comets that bear his name include 10P/Tempel and 11P/Tempel-Swift-LINEAR.

In 1861, he was awarded the Lalande Prize. He won the Prix Valz for the year 1880. The main-belt asteroid 3808 Tempel and the lunar crater Tempel are named after him.

References

External links

 W. Tempel @ Astrophysics Data System

1821 births
1889 deaths
Discoverers of asteroids
Discoverers of comets

19th-century German astronomers
People from Görlitz (district)
Recipients of the Lalande Prize
Scientists from Saxony

Wilhelm Tempel


Ondskabens høst (original titel: Career of evil) er en krimi skrevet af J.K. Rowling under pseudonymet Robert Galbraith. Det er en fortsættelse af bøgerne Gøgens kalden og Silkeorm. Romanen blev udgivet den 22. oktober 2015 i Storbritannien.

Referencer

Romaner fra England
Bøger af J. K. Rowling

Ondskabens høst


{{Infobox school
 | name                    = මලියදේව විද්‍යාලය
 | logo                    =
 | founder                 = හෙන්රි ස්ටීල් ඕල්කට්
 | established             = ක්‍රි.ව. 1888 සැප්තැම්බර් 30
 | type                    = රජයට පවරාදුන් බෞද්ධ පාසලකි
 | caption                 = ආදර්ශ පාඨය
 | motto                   = විද්‍යා භූෂණම් පුරුෂ භූෂණම්  (පාලි)  <small>(සිංහල පරිවර්තනය - දැණුම මිනිසාට ආභරණයකි)<small>
 | grades                  = පංති 1 - 13
 | enrollment              = 6000+
 | staff                   = 300
 | gender                  = පිරිමි
 | lower_age               = 6
 | upper_age               = 19
 | colours                 = නාවුක නිල්, රන් සහ ලේ රතු

 | principal               = Mr.Ranjith Jayasundara
 | campus                  = අක්කර 16
 | coordinates             =
 | location                = කුරුණෑගල
 | country                 = ශ්‍රී ලංකාව
 | free_label_1            = Pupils
 | free_1                  = ඩේවන්ස්
 | website                 = නිල වෙබ් අඩවිය
}}මලියදේව විද්‍යාලය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ කුරුණෑගල නගරයේ ඇති පිරිමි පාසලකි. කර්නල් හෙන්රි ස්ටීල් ඕල්කට්ගේ ප්‍රධානත්වයෙන් පරමවිඥානාර්ථ බෞද්ධ සංගමය විසින් 1888 වසරේදී මලියදේව විද්‍යාලය''' ආරම්භ කරන ලදි. මලියදේව වීද්‍යාලය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ජනප්‍රිය යයි සම්මත පාසලකි. මලියදේව විද්‍යාලය ජාතික පාසලක් වන අතර ප්‍රාථමික හා ද්විතීක යන අංශ වලින් අධ්‍යාපන කටයුතු පැවැත්වේ.

ඉතිහාසය
කර්නල් හෙන්රි ස්ටීල් ඕල්කට් 1880 මැයි 16 වන දින බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ලංකාවට පැමිණීම ලංකා ඉතිහාසයේ සුවිශේෂී සිද්ධියකි. බිද වැටෙමින් පැවති බෞද්ධ සාරධර්ම යළි ඇති කරමින් බෞද්ධ අධ්‍යාපනයට පුනර්ජීවයක් ලැබීමට මහෝපකාරී වූයේ ඕල්කට් තුමාගේ මූලිකත්වයෙන් පරමවිඥානාර්ථ බෞද්ධ සමාගම ආරම්භ වීමයි. එම සංගමය මගින් මුලින්ම ආරම්භ කරන ලද පරමවිඥානාර්ථ බෞද්ධ පාසල කොළඹ ආනන්ද විද්‍යාලයයි. එය 1886 ආරම්භ වූ අතර 1887 දී මහනුවර ධර්මරාජ විද්‍යාලයද 1888 දී කුරුණෑගල මලියදේව විද්‍යාලය ආරම්භ කරන ලදි. මලියදේව විද්‍යාලය මුලින්ම කුරුණෑගල තරුණ බෞද්ධ සංගමය සතු බෝධිරාජ මාවතේ පිහිටි ස්ථානයක ආරම්භ කෙරැණු අතර 1909 දී ඇත්කද රජමහා විහාරය ඉදිරිපිටට ගෙනයන ලදි. පසුව 1936  දී මීගමු පාරේ දැනට විද්‍යාලය පවත්වාගෙන යන ස්ථානය විද්‍යාලයට ලැබී තිබේ.

මලියදේව විද්‍යාලයේ අද දවස
කුරුණෑගල නගර මධ්‍යයේ විශාල භූමි භාගයක පිහිටා ඇති මලියදේව විද්‍යාලයේ දැනට(2020) සිසුන් 5000 කට අධික ප්‍රමාණයක් සිප්සතර හදාරන අතර Mr.Ranjith Jayasudara විදුහල්පතිතුමන්ගේ ප්‍රධානත්වයෙන් 300 කට අධික ගුරුමණ්ඩලයක්ද සීටී. මලියදේව විද්‍යාලයෙන් බිහිකල විශිෂ්ඨයින් රැසකි. හිටපු ශ්‍රී ලංකා යුද්ධ හමුදාපති දයා රත්නායක, ශ්‍රි ලංකා නීතිපති ජයනාත් ජයසූරිය හා ටෙස්ට් ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩක රංගන හේරත් ඒ අතරින් කිහිපදෙනෙකි.2015 අ.පො.ස උසස් පෙළ විභහගයේ දිවයිනේ විශිෂ්ථතම ප්‍රතිඵල වාර්තා කිරීමටද මලියදේව විද්‍යාලයට හැකිවිය.

පාසැල්  ගීය

පායන සඳ අඹරේ ආ....
පායන සඳ අඹරේ
ලෙසිනා සැම කල් සුදිලේ මලිදෙව්
පාසල් මාතා අපේ ආ....
පායන සඳ අඹරේ
බේදා ආගම් කුළ මල ඈ
නොතකා එක සේ සතර බෙදා //
ශාස්ත්‍ර කළා සැම විද්‍යා //
දත් මහ පඬුවන් බිහි කරවා
දිනේවා කිතුරැස් විහිදා ලෙසිනා
පායන සඳ අඹරේ ආ....
පායන සඳ අඹරේ
ලෙසිනා සැම කල් සුදිලේ මලිදෙව්
පාසල් මාතා අපේ

නිවාස

විද්‍යාලීය සියලුම සිසුන් නිවාස හතරකට බෙදා ඇත. එම නිවාස වලට බෙදනුයේ විද්‍යාලයට සිසුවෙකු ඇතුලත් වන විට ලබාදෙන ඇතුලත් වීමේ අංකය හතරෙන් බෙදා ලැබෙන ශේෂය අනුව වර්ග කිරීමෙන්ය. Houses:

 –  තිස්ස
 –  ගැමුණු
 –  පරාක්‍රම
 –  රාජසිංහ

මෙම නිවාස වල නම් ශ්‍රීලංකාවේ පැරණි ශේෂ්ඨ රජවරැන්ගේ නම්ය. සෑම වසරකම විද්‍යාලයේ පවත්වනු ලබන විවිධ ක්‍රීඩා තරග වලින් ඉහලින්ම ජයග්‍රහණය ලබාගන්නා නිවාසයට නිවාසාන්තර ක්‍රීඩා උළෙලේ සමස්ථ ජයග්‍රහණය හිමිවේ.

Battle of the Rocks
Battle of the Rocks (Maliyadeva vs St. Anne's),
මලියදේව විද්‍යාලය සහ ශාන්ත ආනා විද්‍යාලය සමග වාර්ෂිකව පැවැත්වෙන දෙදින ක්‍රිකට් තරගයයි. එක් දින ක්‍රිකට් තරගයක් ද පවත්වනු ලැබේ.මෙම ක්‍රිකට් තරගය කුරුණෑගල නගරයේ වෙළගෙදර ක්‍රීඩාංගනයේදී පැවැත්වේ.

Clubs and societies

 Archery* Astronomical Society
 Birds Observation Circle
 Brass Band
 Buddhist Association
 Cadets Troop
 Commerce Society
 Debaters' Forum
 Devan's Heritage Club
 English Literary Association

 Globe Club
 Information and Communication Technology Society
 Interact Club
 Media Unit
 Oriental Music Society
 Peace Mission Circle
 Philatelic Society
 Photographic Association

 Quiz Club
 Red Cross Society
 Science Society
 Scout Group
 Sinhala Literary Association
 UNESCO Society
 Western Band
 Western Music Society
 Young Inventor's Society

විදුහල්පති නාමාවලිය

විශේෂ ආදි සිසුන්

Major General Sarath Munasinghe RWP,RSP,USP- Former Deputy Speaker of Parliament and Former Commander Security Forces Headquarter Jaffna.
Major General Sunil Thennakoon -  Former Commander Security Forces Headquarter Jaffna and Military Spokesman
Major General Asoka Thoradeniya  -Provost Marshal and Colonel Commandant of the Sri Lanka Corps of Military Police, Chairman of Srilanka Petrolium.
Major General V.R De Sliva RSP,USP,NDU,IG-commissioner of prisons
Major General Upali Edirisinghe -Commander Security Forces-Wanni
Major General Daya Rathnayake RWP,RSP,USP,NDU,PSC-Formar Army Commander
Group Captain Priyantha Gunasinghe RSP,MSC,PSC,QFI-Base Commander of Srilanka Air Force Anuradhapura.
Mr. Lakshman Hulugalle - Director General, Media Centre for National Security – Sri Lanka.
Mr.S.B Navinna-A Minister of Parliment.
Mr. T.Bbvyaka - A Minister of Parliament.
Mr Athula wejesinghe - Chief Minister of North Western Province Council
Hon. Nimal Gamini Amaratunga - Supreme Court judge.
Prof.Indrakeerthi Siraweera - Prominent historian and the Vice chancellor of Rajarata University of Sri Lanka.
Mr.P.B Jyasundara-
T.M. Jayarathne - A Prominent singer.
Laksman Wijeseksre -A Prominent singer.

Dr. Kamal Jayasinghe - Deputy Director, General Hospital(Teaching), Kurunegala, Sri Lanka.
Mr. Chandra Jayasekera - A Prominent civil lawyer and president of the Bar Association of Kurunegala.
Mr. G.B senanayake -A senior Lawyer and current president of the Bar Association of Kurunegala.
Ranjith Madurusinghe - An International Test cricket player.
Eric Upashantha - An International Test cricket player.
Rangana Herath -   Test Cricket captain.
Jeewantha Kulathunga-International T20 Cricketer
 Wijaya kumaratunge who was navy officer consicrate his life on behalf of our mother land.(left school 1989)

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 මලියදේව බාලිකා විද්‍යාලය
 මලියදේව ආදර්ශ විද්‍යාලය
 මලියදේව රහතන්වහන්සේ

අඩවියෙන් බැහැර පිටු

| මලියදේව විද්‍යාලීය පාසල් ගීතය

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පාසල්
රජයට පවරාදුන් පාසල් - ශ්‍රී ලංකා
රජයට පවරාදුන් පරමවිඥානාර්ථ පාසල්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රජයේ පාසල්
පාසැල් ලැයිස්තු
පාසල් නාමාවලි - ශ්‍රී ලංකා

මලියදේව විද්‍යාලය


Kara Kule, Amerikalı yazar Stephen King tarafından yazılan fantastik, bilimkurgu, korku ve western türlerindeki kitap serisidir. Seri, hayatta kalmış son silahşor Roland Deschain'ın gizemli Kara Kule'yi arayışını anlatmaktadır.

King hikâyeyi direkt olarak Robert Browning'in Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came (Şövalye Roland Kara Kule'ye Geldi) adlı uzun şiirinden esinlenmiştir. Başta J.R.R. Tolkien'in Yüzüklerin Efendisi serisi ve Sergio Leone'nin yönettiği western filmi İyi, Kötü ve Çirkin olmak üzere birçok sanat dalı eserlerinden esinlenmiş veya göndermeler yapmıştır. Ayrıca, King'in yazmış olduğu birçok öyküyle bağlantılıdır.

Seriden uyarlanan Discordia adlı çevrimiçi oyun 7 Aralık 2009'da yayımlandı. Marvel Comics tarafından yayımlanan çizgi roman serisi 2007 yılında yayımlanmaya başlandı. Sony Pictures Entertainment tarafından yürütülen film projesi 28 Temmuz 2017'de gösterime girdi.

Konusu
Seri, King'in yarattığı fantastik bir paralel evren olan Orta Dünya'da, hayatta kalmış son silahşor olan Roland'ın, "geçip gitmiş" dünyanın kötü gidişatını durdurmak için, varlığın merkezi olan Kara Kule'ye yaptığı tehlikeli yolculuğu anlatmaktadır. İlk başta kendi başına çıktığı Kara Kule yolculuğunda yanına birkaç yoldaş daha edinen Roland, çeşitli mekânlardan ve zaman tünellerinden geçerek büyülü ve sıra dışı dünyalarda birçok savaşa girer.

Kitaplar
 Kara Kule: Silahşor (The Gunslinger) ISBN 975-405-151-8
 Kara Kule II: Üç'ün Çekilişi (The Drawing of the Three) ISBN 975-21-0437-1
 Kara Kule III: Çorak Topraklar (The Waste Lands)
 Kara Kule IV: Büyücü ve Cam Küre (Wizard and Glass) ISBN 975-405-876-8
 Kara Kule V: Calla'nın Kurtları (Wolves of The Calla) ISBN 975-21-0454-1
 Kara Kule VI: Susannah'nın Şarkısı (Song of Susannah) ISBN 975-21-0507-6
 Kara Kule VII: Kule (The Dark Tower)
 Kara Kule: Anahtar Deliğinden Esen Rüzgâr (The Wind Through the Keyhole)

Ayrıca Stephen King'in Karanlık Öyküler (Everything's Eventual) adlı 14 öykülük koleksiyonundan oluşan romanında Eluria'nın Küçük Hemşireleri (The Little Sisters of Eluria) adlı kısa öykü de seriye dahil edilebilir.

Kara Kule serisiyle doğrudan bağlantılı eserleri
  Mahşer (The Stand)
  Sis (Skeleton Crew)
  Hortlak/Korku Ağı (Salem's Lot)
  Düzenleyiciler (The Regulators)
  Yaratık (Desperation) ISBN 975-10-2371-8
  Uykusuzluk (Insomnia)
  Maça Kızı (Hearts in Atlantis)
  Tılsım (The Talisman) ISBN 975-10-0299-0
  Kara Ev (Black House) ISBN 975-21-0264-6
  Karanlık Öyküler (Everything's Eventual)

Film projesi
Şubat 2007'de film projesiyle ilgilendiğini açıklayan J. J. Abrams, Kasım 2009'da projeden çekildiğini duyurdu.

Universal Pictures'in üstlendiği; Ron Howard yönetmenliğini, Akiva Goldsman ise senaryosunu yazacağı proje 18 Temmuz 2011'de iptal edildi. Mart 2012'de projeyle ilgilendiğini duyuran Warner Bros ise 20 Ağustos 2012'de projeden vazgeçti.

10 Nisan 2015'te Sony Pictures Entertainment projeyi üstlendiğini duyurdu, Akiva Goldsman ve Jeff Pinkner senaryoyu yeniledi, Ron Howard yönetmenlikten çekilirken 10 Temmuz 2015'te filmin yönetmeninin Nikolaj Arcel olacağı duyuruldu. Arcel ve Anders Thomas Jensen senaryo ekibine katıldı.

Sony Pictures Entertainment tarafından sunulacak olan filmin gösterim tarihi 4 Ağustos 2017 olarak açıklandı.

Dış bağlantılar
 Resmî site

Kaynakça

Stephen King kitapları
Epik fantezi romanları

Kara Kule (seri)


Rugama puede referirse a:

Edificaciones
 Palacio y Capilla de Rugama, palacio situado en el municipio cántabro de Bárcena de Cicero, construido ente 1744 y 1746.

Personalidades
 Lorenzo de Rugama (1690-1746), militar español.
 Ángel Fernández Rugama (1925-2006), cronista deportivo mexicano.
 Leonel Rugama (1949-1979), poeta nicaragüense y guerrillero del Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional.
 Eduardo Rugama (1890-1952), actor mexicano.

Rugama


High-Speed Thrashing Maniacs es el primer EP de la banda sueca de Thrash metal Arsenite.

Información sobre el álbum
El álbum está inspirado en grupos como Megadeth, Metallica y Iced Earth "mezclado" con grupos como Judas Priest y  Motörhead.

Lista de canciones

Integrantes
 Tony Classon - Voz
 Simon Hagberg - Guitarra
 Martin Giaever - Bajo
 Richard Fredriksson - Batería

Producción

 Niklas Stålvind y la banda.

Referencias

EP de 2011
Álbumes de thrash metal
Álbumes en inglés

High-Speed Thrashing Maniacs


Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte, kısaca Auguste Comte (19 Ocak 1798 - 5 Eylül 1857), Fransız sosyolog, matematikçi ve filozof. Sosyolojinin babası olarak tanımlanmaktadır.

Fransa'nın Montpellier kentinde doğdu. Katolik bir aileden gelen Comte, ailenin üç çocuğundan biriydi. Babası vergi dairesinde memur, annesi ise ev hanımıydı. Bilimsel devrimden etkilendi.

Auguste Comte, sosyoloji ismini öne süren ilk sosyologtur. "Sosyoloji neden diğer bilim dalları gibi bir dal olmasın" tezini savunarak sosyolojinin temelini o zamanlarda attı. Ayrıca felsefede pozitif düşünce üzerine de çalışıyordu. Daha sonraları fizik, gökbilim ve kimya ile de uğraştı. Ayrıca Comte yaşadığı çağda altı temel bilimden söz etmiştir. Bunlar genel, basit ve bağımsız olanlardan özel, karmaşık ve bağımlı olanlara doğru sırasıyla şu şekildedir: Matematik, astronomi, fizik, kimya, fizyoloji ve sosyoloji (sosyal fizik). Sosyolojiyi bunların üstünde görmüştür. Tüm bu fikirlerinin oluşmasında 7 sene sekreterliğini yaptığı Saint Simon'ın etkisi büyüktür.

Comte pozitivizm ile toplumun modernleşeceğini savundu. Comte'un sosyal teorisi bir doğa bilimleri modeline dayanmaktadır. Ona göre "tüm fenomenler değişmez doğa yasalarına tabidir".

5 Eylül 1857 tarihinde mide kanseri dolayısıyla öldü.

Dış bağlantılar

1798 doğumlular
Montpellier doğumlular
1857 yılında ölenler
19. yüzyıl Fransız filozofları
Fransız matematikçiler
Fransız sosyologlar
Fransız agnostikler
Pozitivistler
Saint-Simon
Mide kanserinden ölenler
Père Lachaise Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
19. yüzyıl Fransız yazarları
19. yüzyıl ekonomistleri
Bilim felsefecileri
École Polytechnique'te öğrenim görenler
Faydacılar

Auguste Comte


Faṣlü'l-Maḳâl (), İslam filozofu İbn Rüşd tarafından yaklaşık 1179-1180'te yazıldığı düşünülen eser. Genelde kabul gören ve tercih edilen görüşe göre eserin tam ismi Kitabu Fasli'l-makâl ve takriru mâ beyne'ş-şeria ve'l-hikme mine'l-ittisâl'dir.

Tarihçe
Eserin 1179-1180 civarında yazıldığı genel kabul görmüştür. Kaleme alındıktan sonra eserin Arapça nüshaları yaklaşık iki yüzyıl boyunca özellikle felsefe ve kelâm çevrelerinde varlığını sürdürmüştür. Daha sonra esere olan ilgi azalmış ve insanlar eseri okumayı bırakmış olsa da eserin İbranice nüshaları birkaç yüzyıl daha Batı'da varlığını sürdürmüştür. İbn Rüşd'ün Yahudi öğrencileri olduğu bilinmektedir ve Batı'nın İbn Rüşd'ü ve eserlerini öğrenmesinde bu öğrencilerin rolü büyüktür.

1859'da eserin ilk modern basımı M. J. Müller tarafından Münih'te yapıldı. Tekrar ilgi çekmeye başlayan eser bu basımdan sonra Kahire ve Cezayir'de basıldı. Bu baskılar 1323-1324 dolaylarında intinsah edildiği düşünülen bir yazmayı temel almıştır. Yazma Escurial Kütüphanesi'nde bulunmaktaydı.

Bu eserin tek yazma nüshası değildir. İstinsah tarihi 1235-1236 dolayları olan bir başka yazma da Biblioteca Nacional'de (Madrid) bulunur.

Bunların dışında Faslu'l-makâl'in Orta Çağ'dan kalma, bütün veya parça halinde dört nüshası bulunan İbranice tercümesi de mevcuttur.

Faslu'l-makâl İbn Rüşd'ün Ez-Zamîme ve El-Keşf an menâhici'l-edille isimli eserleriyle bir bütün oluşturduğu söylenebilir. Nitekim sık sık bu üç küçük eser birlikte basılmıştır. Zaten Escurial Kütühanesi'nde 632 numarada kayıtlı bulunan Faslü'l-makâl nüshası Ez-Zamîme ve El-Keşf an minhâci'l-edilleyi de içerir.

Konusu
Eserde hiçbir dinî esası inkâr etmeksizin bu dinî esaslar karşısında felsefenin durumu savunulmaktadır. Fıkıhtaki metodlarla mantık arasında benzerlik ilişkisi kurarak, bunların dinî açıdan bid'at olmakla birlikte dince emredildikleri sonucuna varıyor. Ayrıca antik Yunan filozoflarının düşünce ve eserlerinden yararlanmanın önemli olduğunu ve bunda bir beis olmadığını belirtiyor.

Ayrıca eserde İsra suresi ninNOT; (bu ayettin numarandırılması yanlış sure 111 ayetten oluşmuştur) ayet inden insanların hakikate üç şekilde ulaşabileceği sonucunu çıkarır; ona göre insanlar ya burhan (delil), ya cedel ya da hatabe ile hakikati tasdik eder. Burhan ile tasdik eden insanlar filozoflar, cedel ile tasdik edenler kelamcılar ve hatabe ile tasdik edenler Selefiyye ve halktır.

İbn Rüşd eserde Gazalî'nin İslam filozoflarını tekfir etmesini şiddetle tenkit eder, Gazalî'nin filozofları tekfir ettiği hususları tek tek açıklar. Ayrıca Eş'arîleri ve Eş'arî kelam anlayışını, kelamcıların te'vili onaylayıp savunurken kullandıkları üslûp ve metodları eleştirir. Kelam konularının halka açıkça bildirilmesini doğru bulmaz, ona göre kelamcıların metodları ve konuları halka açıklaması kötü sonuçlar doğurabilir; bu tip konuları ancak alimler ele almalı, tartışmalıdır.

Ayrıca, İbn Rüşd'ün bir diğer eseri El-Keşf an menâhici'l-edillede İbn Rüşd Faslu'l-makâl'de felsefenin din karşısındaki konumunu açıklamaya, el-Keşf'de ise dinin felsefe karşısındaki konumunu açıklamaya çalışmıştır.

Ayrıca bakınız
 İbn Rüşd
 Ez-Zamîme
 El-Keşf an menâhici'l-edille

İslam felsefesi kitapları
Akaid kitapları

Faṣlü'l-Maḳâl


Cea de-a 16-a ediție a Festivalului Internațional de Film Transilvania s-a desfășurat în perioada 2-11 iunie 2017 la Cluj-Napoca.

În competiția pentru Trofeul Transilvania au intrat 12 filme.

Actorul Alain Delon a venit pentru prima dată în România, ca invitat special al TIFF și a primit Premiul pentru întreaga carieră la gala de închidere a festivalului, la Teatrul Național din Cluj.

Filmul de deschidere a festivalului a fost Regele Belgiei (King of the Belgians), o comedie scrisă și regizată de Peter Brosens și Jessica Woodworth.

Filmele din competiția oficială

Note

TIFF
2017

TIFF 2017


Der Donaudurchbruch bei Beuron ist ein Durchbruchstal am Oberlauf der Donau zwischen Fridingen und Sigmaringen im ehemaligen Dreiländereck von Württemberg, Hohenzollern und Baden. Es entspricht dem Naturraum 092.31 Donaudurchbruch bzw. Oberes Donautal der Haupteinheit 092 Baaralb und Oberes Donautal.

Im per Luftlinie in West-Ost-Richtung 14 km langen Gebiet im Naturpark Obere Donau durchbricht die Donau die südwestliche Schwäbische Alb. Am bekanntesten und landschaftlich schönsten ist das Durchbruchstal im Umkreis des Benediktinerstiftes Beuron, wo die durch Erosion freigelegten Felswände aus fossilreichen Kalksteinen des Weißjura beiderseits des Flusses teilweise senkrecht und über 200 Meter hoch sind. Beliebte Wanderwege mit markanten Aussichtspunkten in die Tiefe begleiten den Steilabbruch auf seiner Nordseite. Der Donauradweg führt auf insgesamt anspruchsloser Strecke und meist auf Naturbelag mit wenigen kurzen, starken Steigungen durch die Talenge. Auch der Schwäbische-Alb-Radweg und die Via Beuronensis durchziehen die Landschaft als Fernradweg und als Fernwanderweg.

Diese Aussichtspunkte tragen kuriose Namen wie Pfannenstiel, Hexenturm oder Knopfmacherfelsen; letzterer bietet einen Blick auf die Donauschlinge beim Kloster Beuron.

Im Gegensatz zum Donaudurchbruch bei Weltenburg ist hier die Bezeichnung geologisch zutreffend, da sich seit den Zeiten der Urdonau die Alb- und Alpenhebung ereignete und sich der Abfluss vom Schwarzwald stärker nach Osten verlagerte.

Nachweise

Literatur
 M. Geyer, E. Nitsch, Th. Simon: Geologie von Baden-Württemberg. 5. Auflage, 627 S., Schweizerbart, Stuttgart 2011, ISBN 978-3-510-65267-9

Weblinks
 Der Donaudurchbruch bei Beuron (Landkreis Sigmaringen)

Naturraum der Schwäbischen Alb

Geographie (Donau)
Tal in Europa
Geographie (Schwäbische Alb)
Geographie (Sigmaringen)
Geographie (Landkreis Tuttlingen)
Geographie (Beuron)
Geologie der Schwäbischen Alb
Tal in Baden-Württemberg

Donaudurchbruch bei Beuron


سلاح المظلات هي وحدات من الجنود المدربين على استخدام المظلات ويعملون عادة ضمن القوات الجوية. تستخدم القوات المظلية عادة لتحقيق فوائد إستراتيجية وتكتيكية لأنها يمكن إسقاطها عن طريق الجو على أي مكان يمكن الوصل له جواً وبالتالي تستطيع تلك القوات الوصول للأماكن التي لا تستطيع الوصول لها برياً وكذلك تستطيع النزول خلف الدفاعات والتحصينات الخاصة بالعدو.

تاريخ
خلال سنوات ما بين الحربين، لفت التطور السريع للطائرة وتكنولوجيا الطيران انتباه المخططين العسكريين. تم اقتراح فكرة إدخال مجموعة كبيرة من القوات داخل أراضي العدو لأول مرة خلال الحرب العالمية الأولى من قبل قائد سلاح الجو الأمريكي في فرنسا - العميد وليم بيلي ميتشل.  ومع ذلك، اضطرت القيادة العليا للحلفاء إلى التخلي عن الفكرة لأنها لم تكن مستعدة كليًا لمثل هذا الشئ، من الناحية اللوجستية والعتاد على حد السواء. كانت إيطاليا والاتحاد السوفياتي من أوائل من اعترفوا بإمكانيات القوات المحمولة جواً.  جاءت أول وسيلة فعالة لدعم العمليات الجوية المحمولة للمشاة مع تطور المظلة الثابتة في إيطاليا في عشرينيات القرن العشرين، حيث يتم ربط المظلات بداخل الطائرة ونشرها تلقائيًا عند المغادرة. سمحت هذه التقنية بان يتم القفز على ارتفاعات منخفضة، مما يحد من التعرض لنيران العدو. كلمة Fallschirmjäger مشتقة من الكلمة الألمانية Fallschirm وتعني«المظلة» وJäger «صياد»، مشاة النخبة الخفيفة في الجيش البروسي.

كان السوفييت أول من أظهر الإمكانيات العسكرية للمشاة المحمولة جواً في ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين من خلال سلسلة من المناورات التي أجريت في عامي 1935 و1936.  على الرغم من أن الخام إلى حد ما (كان على المظليين السوفييت الخروج من ناقلات Tupolev TB-3 البطيئة الحركة عبر فتحة في السقف ثم وضع أنفسهم على طول الأجنحة والقفز معًا)، إلا أنهم تمكنو من إجراء عملية هبوط ل 1000 جندي خلال التمرين من خلال إنزالات جوية تبعها 2500 جندي آخرين يحملون معدات ثقيلة عن طريق الجو. شرعت القوات المجمعة في تنفيذ هجمات المشاة التقليدية بدعم من المدافع الرشاشة الثقيلة والمدفعية الخفيفة.  وكان من بين المراقبين الأجانب الحاضرين هيرمان جورينج.

تاثر جورينج بما راه واصبح طموحاوملتزمًا شخصيًا بإنشاء سلاح ألماني محمول جواً في الثلاثينيات.  وبصفته رئيس وزراء الداخلية البروسي، فقد أمر بتشكيل وحدة شرطة متخصصة في عام 1933، وهي Polizeiabteilung Wecke، المكرسة لحماية مسؤولي الحزب النازي. عُهد إلى تنظيم وحدة بوليزيمور فالتر ويك من قوة الشرطة البروسية، التي جمعت مفرزة خاصة تضم 14 ضابطًا و400 مجند في غضون يومين فقط. في 17 يوليو، تم إعادة تسمية المفرزة رسميًا باسم Landespolizeigruppe Wecke.  في 22 ديسمبر 1933، تم إعادة تسمية الوحدة مرة أخرى، لتصبح Landespolizeigruppe General Göring. نفذت الوحدة مهام الشرطة التقليدية في العامين المقبلين تحت قيادة المعاون الوزاري لجورنغ فريدريك جاكوبي، ولكن كانت نية جورنج هي إنتاج وحدة تتناسب مع الرايخسوير.

حول هيرمان جورينج Landespolizei General Göring إلى أول فوج جوي متخصص في ألمانيا، (أول أفواج المظلات) من مارس-أبريل 1935 خلال الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية مما منحها تصنيف فوج في 1 أبريل 1935 (بعد أن أعلن هتلر التجنيد الإجباري في 16 مارس 1935). وقد تم استخدام الطائرات من طراز يونكرز يو 52 كطائرة رئيسية في عمليات الانزال الجوي وقد تولى الجنرال كورت ستيودنت قيادة عمليات التدريب. تم دمج الوحدة في لوفتوافه التي تم تشكيلها حديثًا في 1 أكتوبر من نفس العام وبدأ التدريب في Altengrabow. كما أمر جورنج بتعيين مجموعة من المتطوعين للتدريب على المظلات. هؤلاء المتطوعون سيشكلون نواة كتيبة فولشيرتشيرتشن («كتيبة جنود المظلات»)، كمدربين لفولزيرتشرمتروب في المستقبل («قوات المظلات»). في يناير 1936، قام 600 مجند وضابط بتشكيل كتيبة Jäger الأولى/أر جي جي، بقيادة برونو بروير، والفيلق الهندسي الخامس عشرة/ أر جي جي وتم نقلهم إلى منطقة التدريب في Döberitz للقيام بتدريبات على القفز بينما تم إرسال بقية الكتيبة إلى Altengrabow.  تم افتتاح سلاح المظلات الألماني رسميًا في 29 يناير 1936  بدأ المجندين التدريب المظلي في مدرسة ستندال للمظلات التي تقع 96 كيلومتر (60 ميل) غرب برلين. تم تفعيل المدرسة بعد عدة أشهر من إنشاء وحدات المظلة الأولى في يناير 1936 وكانت مفتوحة لأفراد لوفتوافه النشطين والاحتياطيين. طُلب من ضباط الصف والضباط وغيرهم من رتب لوفتوافه أن يؤدو ستة قفزات بنجاح من أجل الحصول على شارة Latttwaffe Parachutist's (التي تأسست في 5 نوفمبر 1936).

استخدمت القوات المجوقلة لأول مرة أثناء احتلال ألمانيا لأوروبا. كانوا أول المظليين الألمان الذين قامو بعمليات محمولة جوا على نطاق واسع، وأصبحو يعرفو باسم «الشياطين الخضر» من قبل قوات الحلفاء الذين قاتلوا ضدها.  أستخدم الألمان القوات المجولقة أثناء احتلال فرنسا وهولندا والدنمارك التي لم تستطع المقاومة طويلا بعد أن قامت وحدة صغيرة من المظليين الألمان بالاستيلاء على الأجزاء الرئيسية للبنية التحتية أو ألحقت ضربات ساحقة على قوات الدفاع قبل قدوم الجيش الرئيسي.

صفات مميزة

القفز بالمظلة يمكن القيام به ليلا ونهارا. الشرط الرئيسي هو سرعة الرياح.
 في المظلات العسكرية، هناك:
 فتح المظلة تلقائيا مع القفز
 فتح المظلة بتحكم القافز
 إنزال جوي للمعدات

انظر أيضًا
 سلاح جو

مراجع

القفز بالمظلات العسكرية
حرب محمولة جوا
سلاح الجو
قوات خاصة
مشاة
مظليون
مهن قتالية

سلاح المظلات


Friedrich Wilhelm Hirt ist der Name folgender Personen;

* Friedrich Wilhelm Hirt (Maler) (1721–1772), deutscher Maler
 Friedrich Wilhelm Hirt (Glockengießer) (1789–1871), deutscher Glockengießer

Friedrich Wilhelm Hirt


الجيش الإسباني في أفريقيا كان جيشا إسبانيا من المشاة، ثكناته كانت بالمغرب الإسباني من أوائل القرن العشرين حتى استقلال المغرب سنة 1956.
أنشئ ذلك الجيش استجابة لمقاومة قبائل الريف التي لا تتزعزع دائمًا والتي قادت إلى حروب الريف. وخلال أدائه في الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية حيث أضحى باسم فيلق الجيش المغربي، فاكتسبت تلك القوات سمعة القتلة الوحشيين بين السكان والجيش من الجانب الجمهوري، كما كانوا يفعلون قبل بضع سنوات ضد قبائل الريف.

في بداية القرن 20 كانت المستعمرات الأسبانية في أفريقيا تضم كل من المغرب الأسباني، الصحراء الغربية وغينيا الاستوائية.

المغرب الأسباني

كان المغرب الإسباني الإقليم الأقرب إلى أسبانيا، إلى انه خلال الفترة 1910-1926، كان الأكثر صعوبة في السيطرة عليه. وأسفر تمرد جل الشعب المغربي في عام 1919 ضد حكم القوتين الاستعماريتين الأسبانية والفرنسية. بدء هذا التمرد بسحق الجيش الأسباني في معركة أنوال. ولم يتم إخماد ثورة قبائل الريف إلا بصعوبة كبيرة من قبل قوات فرانكو الأسبانية والفرنسية بعد عدة سنوات من القتال بالشمال المغربي.

الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية والقوات الأهلية النظامية
كان جيش أفريقيا يتألف من القوات الأسبانية فضلا عن كل من الفيلق الإسباني  والمجندين المغاربة محليا من المشاة والفرسان يبلغ تعدادها خمسين ألف جندي بقياده ضابط اسمه  المارشال محمد أمزيان ويُسمون القوات الأهلية النظامية . إجمالا، كان تعداد جيش أفريقيا 30,000 جنديا، وكان هو الأكثر مهنية وقوة قتالية فعالة ضمن الجيش الإسباني البالغ مجموعه 100,000 رجلا خلال عشرينيات وثلاثينيات القرن العشرين.

لعب جيش أفريقيا دورا رئيسيا خلال الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية ما بين 1936 و1939. جنبا إلى جنب مع وحدات أخرى في الجيش الإسباني، تمرد جيش أفريقيا ضد الجمهورية، وشارك في الانتفاضة الوطنية العسكرية ليوليو 1936. يوم 18 يوليو 1936، تولى الجنرال فرانسيسكو فرانكو القيادة العليا لهذه القوة.

سقط المغرب الأسباني في أيدي المجاهدين دون مقاومة كبيرة. الاهتمام الأولي كان لنقل الجيش الأفريقي إلى إسبانيا عن طريق البحر. إلا ان بعض ضباط طواقم السفن الحربية الأسبانية الذين انضموا إلى التمرد ظلوا على ولائهم للحكومة الجمهورية في مدريد. وهناك أعداد كبيرة من جيش أفريقيا وفقا لذلك تم نقلهم إلى إسبانيا في جسر جوي جريئة على طائرات النقل يونكرز وSavoia التي قدمتها ألمانيا وإيطاليا.

بعد هبوط هذه القوات في إسبانيا، كان هنالك انقسام في الجيش أفريقيا إلى عمودين، واحدة بقيادة الجنرال خوان ياغوي والآخر بقيادة الكولونيل خوسيه إنريكي فاريلا. كانت قوات ياغوي متقدمة الشمال، مما جعلها تحقق مكاسب سريعة بشكل ملحوظ، ومن ثم تحولت باتجاه الشمال الشرقي نحو مدريد وطليطلة. دخلت قوات فاريلا الأندلس وسيطرت على المدن الرئيسية كإشبيلية، غرناطة وقرطبة. فقط بفضل جيش أفريقيا تحقق معظم هذا التقدم، وتقريبا كل غرب إسبانيا كانت في يد القوميين الفرانكونيين بحلول نهاية سبتمبر 1936. بحلول أوائل عام 1937، ارتفعت قوة جيش افريقياإلى 60,000 رجل. قاد الريغولارس وفيلق الجيش الإسباني بالخارج العمليات القومية المناهضة للفترة المتبقية من الحرب، ولعب دورا محوريا في فوز القوميين الفرانكونيين.

بعد استقلال المغرب عام 1956 تم نقل الجزء الأكبر من القوات الأهلية النظامية المعينين محليا إلى الجيش الملكي المغربي الجديد. مدينتي مليلية وسبتة ومناطق أخرى شمال المغرب بقيت مستعمرات أسبانية ولا تزال حامية من قبل وحدات فيلق الجيش الإسباني بالخارج والنظامية.

المراجع

 بيفور، أنطوني، الحرب الأهلية الإسبانية. نيويورك : كتب بنغوين، 2001.

الاستعمار الإسباني في إفريقيا
تاريخ إسبانيا العسكري
ج
حروب الريف
جيش

جيش إفريقيا الإسباني


NGC 6965 je lećasta galaktika u zviježđu Vodenjaku.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

  Hartmut Frommert: Revidirani Novi opći katalog
  Izvangalaktička baza podataka NASA-e i IPAC-a
  Astronomska baza podataka SIMBAD
   VizieR
 DSS-ova slika NGC 6965
  Auke Slotegraaf: NGC 6965 Deep Sky Observer's Companion
  NGC 6965  DSO-tražilica
  Courtney Seligman: Objekti Novog općeg kataloga: NGC 6950 - 6999

6965

NGC 6965


Hixon es una parroquia civil y un pueblo del distrito de Stafford, en el condado de Staffordshire (Inglaterra).

Geografía
Según la Oficina Nacional de Estadística británica, Hixon tiene una superficie de 7,33 km².

Demografía
Según el censo de 2001, Hixon tenía 1713 habitantes (48,8% varones, 51,2% mujeres) y una densidad de población de 233,7 hab/km². El 19,61% eran menores de 16 años, el 71,63% tenían entre 16 y 74, y el 8,76% eran mayores de 74. La media de edad era de 39,86 años. Del total de habitantes con 16 o más años, el 21,06% estaban solteros, el 61% casados, y el 17,94% divorciados o viudos.

Según su grupo étnico, el 99,18% de los habitantes eran blancos, el 0,18% mestizos, el 0,47% asiáticos, y el 0,18% de cualquier otro salvo negros y chinos,. La mayor parte (97,78%) eran originarios del Reino Unido. El resto de países europeos englobaban al 0,88% de la población, mientras que el 1,34% había nacido en cualquier otro lugar. El cristianismo era profesado por el 79,44%, el sijismo por el 0,35%, y cualquier otra religión, salvo el budismo, el hinduismo, el judaísmo y el islam, por el 0,18%. El 10,57% no eran religiosos y el 9,46% no marcaron ninguna opción en el censo.

Había 679 hogares con residentes y 19 vacíos.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Localidades de Staffordshire
Parroquias civiles de Staffordshire

Hixon (Staffordshire)


Septikæmi er et begreb der hører hjemme i medicinhistorien.

Derved har man oprindelig tænkt på optagelse i blodet af ildelugtende, forrådnede stoffer, der under forrådnelsesbakteriers tilstedeværelse kan dannes i de i sår afsondrede sekreter. Forgiftning ved disse stoffers opsugning i blodet er kaldet septikæmi, populært blodforgiftning. Nu ved man dog, at det farlige ved denne tlstand i første linje er optagelse i blodet af patogene bakterier fra såret, der ikke er identiske med de forholdsvis uskadelige forrådnelsesbakterier; oftest drejer det sig om streptokokker. Man kan således i virkeligheden ikke opretholde en adskillelse mellem septikæmi og sepsis.

Kilder

Medicinhistorie

Septikæmi


Yapraklı, Çankırı ilinin bir ilçesidir. 38 köy ve 6 mahalleden oluşmaktadır.

Tarihi
Uzun yıllar Çankırı Merkez ilçesine bağlı olan Yapraklı, 1955 yılında belediyeye, 1958 yılında ise 7033 Sayılı Yasa ile ilçeye dönüştürüldü.

2013 yılında Akyazı, İğdir ve Kavak köyleri ilçeye mahalle olarak bağlandı.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Çankırı ilinin ilçeleri

Yapraklı


Jarhead, 2005 ABD yapımı film.

Amerikalı bir deniz piyadesi olan Anthony Swofford'un Körfez Savaşı anılarını anlattığı kitabından (Jarhead: A Marine's Chronicle of the Gulf War and Other Battles, 2003) sinemaya uyarlanan film. Adını, Amerikan askerlerine saç tıraşları nedeniyle verilen isimden (jarhead) almaktadır.

Amerikan Güzeli isimli filmi ile tanınan Sam Mendes'in yönettiği filmde Anthony Swofford'u Jake Gyllenhaal canlandırıyor.

Oyuncu kadrosu
 Jake Gyllenhaal - Anthony "Swoff" Swofford
 Peter Sarsgaard - Troy
 Jamie Foxx - Çavuş Sykes
 Chris Cooper - Kazinski
 Lucas Black - Kruger
 Dennis Haysbert - Major Lincoln
 Brian Geraghty - Fergus
 Jacob Vargas - Cortez
 Laz Alonso - Escobar
 Peter Gail - Doc John
 Jamie Martz - Foster
 Evan Jones - Fowler
 Tyler Sedustine - Harris
 Brianne Davis - Kristina

Dış bağlantılar

 jarheadmovie.com

2005 çıkışlı filmler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri biyografik filmleri
Körfez Savaşı filmleri
Uyarlama filmler
Roger Deakins'in görüntülediği filmler
Irak Savaşı filmleri
Universal Pictures filmleri
Arizona'da çekilmiş filmler
Kaliforniya'da çekilmiş filmler
Sam Mendes'in yönettiği filmler
Thomas Newman'ın müziğini yaptığı filmler
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri savaş filmleri
Gerçek olaylara dayanan savaş filmleri
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri epik filmleri
2000'lerde İngilizce filmler

Jarhead (film)


An Kobresia gandakiensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Rajbh. ngan Hideaki Ohba. An Kobresia gandakiensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Kobresia, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Nepal. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Kobresia

Kobresia gandakiensis


Lohr ist ein Gemeindeteil der Gemeinde Insingen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Das Kirchdorf liegt am Lohrbach, einem linken Zufluss der Tauber. Im Südosten erhebt sich die bewaldete Anhöhe Reinhardsberg (), 1 km nordöstlich der Haarbuck. Die Staatsstraße 2419 führt nach Rothenburg ob der Tauber (4,5 km nördlich) bzw. nach Insingen (3 km südlich). Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Bockenfeld zur Kreisstraße AN 33 (2 km östlich) bzw. zur Staatsstraße 1040 (1,6 km westlich).

Geschichte
1381 wurde das Dorf mit dem Schloss (Burg Lohr) zerstört. Unter Führung des französischen Generals Ezéchiel de Mélac sollen im November 1688 französische Mordbrenner 28 Häuser angezündet und einen Schaden von 7909 Gulden angerichtet haben.

1801 gab es 24 Haushalte, von denen 16 der Reichsstadt Rothenburg, 7 Brandenburg-Ansbach und 1 dem Ansbacher Eigenherrn Seefried untertan waren.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt wurde der Steuerdistrikt Lohr gebildet, zu dem Bettenfeld, Burgstall, Herrnwinden, Hollermühle, Lohrbach, Mittelmühle und Obermühle gehörten. Wenig später entstand die Ruralgemeinde Lohr, zu der der Leuzhof gehörte. Sie war in Verwaltung und Gerichtsbarkeit dem Landgericht Rothenburg zugeordnet. Die Gemeinde hatte eine Gebietsfläche von 7,329 km².  Mit der Gebietsreform wurde Lohr am 1. Mai 1978 nach Insingen eingemeindet.

Baudenkmäler
 Evangelisch-lutherische Pfarrkirche St. Egydius: neuromanische Saalkirche mit Ostturm, 1854/57; mit Ausstattung
 Friedhof: ummauerte Anlage, 1904; mit Grabsteinen
 Rothenburger Straße 8: ehemaliges Pfarrhaus, Halbwalmdachbau, Fachwerkobergeschoss, 18. Jahrhundert
 Rothenburger Straße 10: Gasthof zum Roß, zweigeschossiger, verputzter Fachwerkbau, Satteldach mit Schopfwalm, 18. Jahrhundert
 Rothenburger Straße 11: ehemaliges Pfarrhaus, zweigeschossiger verputzter Krüppelwalmdachbau, 1834.
 Rothenburger Straße 14: Lehrerwohnhaus, ehemalige Schule, zweigeschossiger, verputzter Walmdachbau, Mitte 19. Jahrhundert

Einwohnerentwicklung
Gemeinde Lohr

Gemeindeteil Lohr

Religion
Der Ort ist Sitz der Pfarrei St. Egydius und seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Laurentius (Gebsattel) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Insingen)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Ansbach)
Gemeindeauflösung 1978
Kirchdorf (Siedlungstyp)

Lohr (Insingen)


I-26 , B1 tipinde II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında hizmet vermiş bir denizaltıdır. 20 Haziran 1942 tarihinde İngiliz Kolombiyası kıyılarında devriye gezerken yüzeye çıktı ve Estevan Noktasındaki denizfenerini vurdu. Bu basit hareket kıyı gemiciliğinde büyük etki yarattı, kıyıdaki tüm denizfenerleri düşman gemileri tarafından kullanılmamak korkusu için yokedildi.  31 Ağustos 1942 tarihinde attığı bir torpido darbesiyle(attığı 6 torpidodan biriydi) Amerikan uçak gemisi USS Saratoga (CV-3)'ün zarar görmesini sağladı. 13 Kasım günü Guadalcanal deniz savaşı sırasında Sullivan kardeşleri de taşıyan Amerikan kruvazörü USS Juneau (CL-52)'yi yok etti.

I-26 Leyte'de gerçekleşen bir harekâtta Ekim 1944'te batırıldı.

Askerî denizaltılar

I-26


Franz Ludwig Wind (* 14. November 1719 in Kaiserstuhl, Schweiz; † 25. August 1789 ebenda) war ein Bildhauer und Holzschnitzer.

Leben

Franz Ludwig Wind wurde  am 14. November 1719 als Sohn des aus Reutte in Tirol stammenden Anton Wind geboren. Zwischen 1735 und 1741 absolvierte er vermutlich in Tirol eine Bildhauerlehre und begab sich anschliessend auf die Wanderschaft, die sich nach der Familienfama bis nach Palestina erstreckt haben soll. Am 23. August 1749 bewarb er sich um das Bürgerrecht seiner Heimatstadt Kaiserstuhl. 1755 fertigte Franz Ludwig Wind die beiden Urnen der Gartenmauer und zehn Fratzen für die Fenster des Zunfthauses zur Meisen in Zürich. Das Hauptwerk Winds waren die Zierelemente und Fratzen des Marschallhofes in Kaiserstuhl ab 1764, die bis auf eine Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts abgeschlagen wurden. 1773 gestaltete Franz Ludwig Wind die Fassade der Propstei in Zurzach. Das Portal von Schloss Schwarzwasserstelz von 1776 wird ebenfalls Franz Ludwig Wind zugeschrieben.

Wie in der Region seit Jahrhunderten üblich, arbeitete Franz Ludwig Wind sowohl in Stein als auch in Holz. Zu seinen herausragenden Holzarbeiten zählen die Kanzel in der Pfarrkirche von Kaiserstuhl von 1756 und Seitenaltäre für die Kirche St. Michael in Würenlingen ab 1773.
Stilistisch ist Ludwig Winds Werk dem Dekorationsstil des Rokoko zuzuordnen.

Werke
 1752 Nepomukstatue auf der Rheinbrücke Kaiserstuhl
 1756–1557 Kanzel und Gestühlwangen in der Pfarrkirche Kaiserstuhl
 1755 Zehn Fensterfratzen und zwei Urnen am Zunfthaus zur Meisen in Zürich
 1765 Reliefgeschmückte Treppenbalustrade im »Haus zur Linde« und die Architekturplastik des »Mayenfisch–Palais« in Kaiserstuhl
 1766 Altarfiguren Kapelle Maria Wil bei Baden
 1767–1768 Fassadedekorationen am Waisenhaus in Zürich
 1772 Wappenrelief am Rathaus und das Zollhausportal in Kaiserstuhl
 1773 Fassade des Propsteigebäudes in Zurzach
 1773–1786 Altarfiguren und Seitenaltäre in der Pfarrkirche St. Michael Würenlingen
 1775 Altarfigur und Kirchengestühl, sowie ein Gedenkstein in der Kirche von Mettau (AG)
 1776 Sandsteinportal des Schlosses Schwarzwasserstelz
 1778 Supraporte am Bürgerspital Kaiserstuhl
 1781 Brunnenstock am oberen Brunnen in Kaiserstuhl
 1783 Relief mit dem Tod der hl. Katharina der Pfarrkirche Kaiserstuhl
 1787 Taufstein in der Pfarrkirche Kaiserstuhl

Literatur
 Alois Wind: Bildhauer Franz Ludwig Wind von Kaiserstuhl. In: Argovia, Jahresschrift der Historischen Gesellschaft des Kantons Aargau, Jahrgang 33, 1909, S. 75–85.
 Peter Felder: Barockplastik der Schweiz. In: Beiträge zur Kunstgeschichte der Schweiz. Band 6, Gesellschaft für Schweizerische Kunstgeschichte (Hrsg.). Bern 1988, ISBN 3-909158-06-4, S. 311 ff.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Bildhauer (Schweiz)
Schweizer
Geboren 1719
Gestorben 1789
Mann

Franz Ludwig Wind


Heinrich Ludwig Julius Heppe (født 30. marts 1820 i Kassel, død 29. juli 1879 i Marburg) var en tysk reformert teolog.

Efter først (1845—49) at have været præst i sin fødeby blev han (1850) professor i teologi ved Marburgs Universitet, i hvilken stilling han forblev til sin død. Over for Vilmars hierarkiske og lutheraniserende stræben hævdede Heppe med iver de reformerte interesser. Han virkede især på kirkehistoriens område og skrev en mængde skrifter, særlig reformationshistorien vedrørende, således: Geschichte des deutschen Protestantismus in den Jahren 1555—81 (2. oplag 1865—66), Geschichte des deutschen Volksschulwesens (1858—60) og Dogmatik des deutschen Protestantismus im 16. Jahrhundert (1857).

Kilder

Kirkehistorikere fra Tyskland
Professorer fra Tyskland
Ansatte ved Marburgs Universitet
Tyskere i 1800-tallet
Faglitterære forfattere fra Tyskland
Tysksprogede forfattere
Personer fra Kassel

Heinrich Heppe


Gelincik şerbeti, gelincik çiçeğinin kırmızı petallerinden yapılan geleneksel bir içecektir. Özellikle İstanbul ve Marmara / Ege Bölgeleri'nde çok eski dönemlerden beri yapılan ve sevilerek içilen serinletici ve çeşitli faydaları olduğu ileri sürülen bir içecektir. Üretim süreci zor ve gelincik hasat dönemi çok kısa olduğu için ender bulunur, dolayısıyla değerlidir.

Üretimi
Kırmızı gelincik petalleri (taçyaprakları) toplandıktan sonra, kapsüle yakın kısmındaki siyah kısımlar ayıklanır. Bir parça limon ve bol su ilavesiyle kavanozlarda, güneş görecek yerlerde bir hafta kadar bekletilir. Petallerin kırmızı rengi suya çıktıktan sonra, yapraklar süzülerek atılır. Bol şeker ve limon ile karıştırılır. Çok az miktar limontuzu da dilenirse eklenebilir. Elde edilen sıvı yoğun olduğundan su ve bol buz eklenerek içime hazırlanır. Son yıllarda Bozcaada'da üretimi yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca Karaburun'da ve Gelibolu'da üretilmekte ve satışa sunulmaktadır.İlk olarak Gelibolu Mevlevihanesinde yapıldığı bilinmektedir.

Alkolsüz içecekler

Gelincik şerbeti


Canis Major ya da Büyük Köpek takımyıldızı, modern 88 takımyıldızdan biridir. Ayrıca, Batlamyus'un 48 takımyıldızından oluşan listesinde de geçer. Avcı Orion'u takip eden köpeklerden birini temsil ettiği söylenir (ayrıca bakınız: Orion, Canis Minor, Canes Venatici takımyıldızlarının maddeleri.) Büyük Köpek takımyıldızı, gece gökyüzündeki en parlak yıldız olan Sirius'u içerir. Sirius, aynı zamanda Kış üçgeni'nin bir parçasıdır.

Dikkat çekici noktalar
Büyük Köpek'in alfası Sirius, Dünya'dan görünen (Güneş'i saymazsak) en parlak yıldızdır. Ayrıca, Dünya'ya en yakın yıldızlardan biridir. Sirius, yakıcı, kavurucu anlamına gelir. Bu isimle anılmasının nedeni, Sirius'un doğudan yükselmeye başlamasının ardından, günler geçtikçe Güneş'in ışığında kaybolmasıyla birlikte yaz sıcaklarının başlamasıdır. Antik Yunan'da yazın bu günlerine, o sıcakta dışarıya çıkmak için sadece köpeklerin yeterince deli olduğuna ithafen, köpek günleri denirdi. Yıldız, bu sebepten Köpek Yıldızı olarak anılmaya başlamıştır. Sonuçta takımyıldız da Büyük Köpek olarak adlandırılmıştır.

Canis Major Yıldızı Güneşten yaklaşık olarak 7.000.000.000 kat daha büyüktür.

Büyük Köpek takımyıldızındaki diğer isimlendirilmiş yıldızlar:
 β CMa: Mirzam - "Spiker"
 γ CMa: Muliphein
 δ CMa: Wezen - "Ağırlık"
 ε CMa: Adara - "Bakire"
 ζ CMa: Furud - "Parlak ve tek olan"
 η CMa: Aludra

Dikkat çekici derin uzay nesneleri
Gökyüzünün bu bölgesinde pek derin uzay nesnesine rastlanmaz. Büyük Köpek'teki tek Messier nesnesi, 4.6 kadirden bir açık küme olan M41'dir (NGC 2287). Sirius'un 4 derece güneyinde yer alır. M41, Dünya'dan 2350 ışık yılı uzaklıktadır, yaklaşık 8000 yıldız içerir ve 24 ışık yılı çapındadır. Ayrıca birkaç tane K-sınıfı yıldız barındırdığı belirtilmiştir.

Takımyıldız bölgesinde görünen Büyük Köpek Cüce Gökadası, Samanyolu'nun çevresindeki bir yörüngede dönen, yakın zamanda keşfedilmiş bir cüce gökadadır.

Mitoloji
Bu takımyıldız, batılılar tarafından çok eski bir tarihten bu yana bilinmektedir. Leyla ile mecnun hikâyesinde de geçmektedir. Leylanın kopeği olarak bahsedilir. Leyla göçebe bir hayat yaşamaktadır. Mecnun Leylanın arkasından çadırının olduğu yere gelir ve Leylayı bulamaz ama
Canis Major dilini uzatmış yeryüzünde Mecnunu karşılamıştır

Bu takımyıldızın Jüpiter tarafından europa'yı korumak üzere kurulduğu söylenir. Değişik inançlardan birisi de orion'un köpeklerinden biri olduğu inancıdır.

Dış bağlantılar

 The Deep Photographic Guide to the Constellations: Canis Major
 Yıldızların köpek biçimini oluşturması-1
 Yıldızların köpek biçimini oluşturması-2
 Büyük Köpek 22 yıldızıyla

Ayrıca bakınız

Canis Major


Der Playford Highway ist eine Fernstraße im Südosten des australischen Bundesstaates South Australia. Sie verbindet auf der Känguru-Insel die Hog Bay Road in Kingscote mit dem Cape Torrens an der Nordwestecke der Insel.

Verlauf
Der Playford Highway beginnt im Stadtzentrum von Kingscote und führt nach Westen. Wenige Kilometer außerhalb der Stadt nimmt er die Hog Bay Road (B23) von Süden auf. Er überquert im gleichnamigen Ort den Cygnet River und erreicht die Siedlung Parndana in der Mitte der Känguru-Insel.

Weiter nach Westen führt der Weg zum Flinders-Chase-Nationalpark, dessen Nordgrenze er bildet. Dort mündet auch der West End Highway von Süden ein. Ab diesem Punkt ist der Playford Highway unbefestigt und führt am Nordrand der Revine des Casoars Conservation Area entlang bis zum nordwestlichsten Punkt der Insel, dem Cape Torrens, wo er endet.

Literatur
Steve Parish: Australian Touring Atlas. Steve Parish Publishing. Archerfield QLD 2007. ISBN 978-1-74193-232-4. S. 68

Straße in South Australia
Straße in Australien und Ozeanien

Playford Highway


The Deported es una película cómica de 2009 dirigida y coescrita por Lance Kawas. Fue protagonizada por Nicholas Turturro, Talia Shire, Paul Rodríguez y Nick Turturro III.

Trama
Un actor ítalo-estadounidense es deportado a México por agentes del INS, y un grupo de huérfanos lo ayudan a encontrar el camino de vuelta a Estados Unidos.

Reparto
Nicholas Turturro como Gianni DiCarlo.
Talia Shire como Dina.
Paul Rodríguez como Ernesto.
Nick Turturro III como Juan.
Michael Rapaport como él mismo.
Robert Gallo como Enrico.
Kathrine Narducci como Cynthia.
Billy Gardell como Agente Michael Levinrothsteinberg.
Paul Sloan como Agente López del ISN.
Michael Badalucco como Store Patron.
David Proval como Chabuyo.
Arturo Gil como enano italiano.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Películas sobre inmigración
Películas cómicas
Películas ambientadas en México

The Deported


An Deschampsia ligulata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Otto Stapf, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Johannes Jan Theodoor Henrard. An Deschampsia ligulata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Deschampsia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Deschampsia

Deschampsia ligulata


Toto și surorile lui este un film românesc din 2014 regizat de Alexander Nanau. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Totonel, Ana, Andreea.

Prezentare

Distribuție
Distribuția filmului este alcătuită din:

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și
 2014 în film

Filme românești
Filme în limba română
Filme din 2014
Filme documentare românești

Toto și surorile lui


Crkva sv. Kate nalazi se u Tugarama, na području Grada Omiša.

Opis
Crkva sv. Kate smještena je na istaknutom položaju u srednjim Poljicima i njoj gravitiraju sjeverni tugarski zaseoci. Prvi se put spominje u 14. stoljeću. Jednobrodna je građevina s izduženom pravokutnom apsidom i bočnom kapelom na sjevernoj strani. Zidana je lomljenim kamenom u obilnom vezivu, a presvedena je prelomljenim svodom i pokrivena dvostrešnim krovom od kamenih ploča. Sa strana glavnih vrata su dva manja kamena otvora, a vrh pročelja je barokna preslica s tri otvora za zvona. U unutrašnjosti su sačuvana dva drvena oslikana predoltarnika iz 17. stoljeća, a na glavnom oltaru je drvena pala slikara Mateja Otonija.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-6316 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Omišu

Crkva sv. Kate u Tugarama


Gemini ya da İkizler takımyıldızı (sembolü: ), zodyak kuşağı takımyıldızlarından biridir.

Gemini (takımyıldız)


Poets of Punjabi language (Shahmukhi: , Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬ ਦੇ ਕਵੀ).

Poets

 Baba Farid - (1173–1266)
 Damodar Gulati - 15th century
 Guru Nanak - (1469 - 1539)
 Guru Angad - 16th century
 Guru Amar Das - 15th - 16th century
 Guru Ram Das - 16th century
 Shah Hussain - 16th century
 Guru Arjun - 16th - 17th cen
 Sultan Bahu (1628–1691)
 Bulleh Shah (1680–1757)
 Guru Tegh Bahadur - 17th century
 Guru Gobind Singh - 17th century
 Waris Shah - (1722–1798)
 Ali Haider Multani - 17th-18th century
 Ratan Singh Bhangu (died 1846)
 Lutf Ali - 18th century
 Khwaja Ghulam Farid- 18th-19th century
 Babu Rajab Ali- 19th century
 Mian Muhammad Bakhsh - 19th century
 Ghulam Rasool Alampuri - 19th century
 Qadaryar - 19th century
 Piro Preman - 19th century
 Shah Mohammad - (1780–1862)
 Ali Arshad Mir - 20th century
 Puran Singh - 20th century
 Mohan Singh - 20th century
 Hashim - (1735–1843)
 Wasif Ali Wasif - 20th century
 Shareef Kunjahi - 20th century
 Mir Tanha Yousafi - 20th century
 Anwar Masood - 20th century
 Afzal Ahsan Randhawa - 20th century
 Aatish - 20th century
 Shaista Nuzhat - 20th century
 Amrita Pritam - 20th century
 Dhani Ram Chatrik - 20th century
 Giani Dhanwant Singh Sital - (1912-1980) 20th century
 Faiz Ahmad Faiz - 20th century
 Darshan Singh Awara - 20th century
 Dr. Harbhajan Singh - 20th century
 Gurdas Ram Alam - 20th century
 Shiv Kumar Batalvi - 20th century
 Sharif Kunjahi - 20th century
 Bawa Balwant - 20th century
 Manjit Tiwana -20th century
 Navtej Bharati - 20th century
 Paash - 20th century
 Surjit Patar - 20th Century
 Amarjit Chandan - 20th century
 Ajmer Rode - 20th century
 Anwar Masood - 20th century
 Sukhbir - 20th century
 Jaswant Singh Neki - 20th century
 Shardha Ram Phillauri
 Ustad Daman - 20th century
 Jeet Aulakh - 20th century
 Munir Niazi - 20th century
 Sant Ram Udasi - 20th century
 Lal Singh Dil - 20th century
 Ahmad Rahi - 20th century
 Mazhar Tirmazi - 20th century
 Harbans Bhalla (1930-1993) - 20th century
 Jaswant Singh Rahi - 20th century
 Sukhdarshan Dhaliwal - 20th century
 Chaman Lal Chaman - 20th century
 Javaid Rahi - 21st Century
 Sukhvinder Amrit - 21st century
 Sukhvinder Amrit - 21st century
 Satinder Sartaj - 21st Century
 Munawar Shakeel - 21st Century
 Harmanjeet Singh - 21st Century

Further reading
Sufi Poets of the Punjab Pakistan (Their Thought and Contribution) Prof M Ashraf Chaudhary. National Book Foundation Islamabad.
 "Great Sufi Poets of The Punjab" by R. M. Chopra, (1999), Iran Society, Calcutta.

External links
 Punjabi Poetry
 Collection of Rare Work of Punjabi Poets/Writers
 Academy of the Punjab In North America (APNA)
 Punjabi Poets Poetry[ punjabizone.net website]
 Punjabi Poetry Legends and Poems

Lists of poets by language
Poets
Poets
!
Poets
Poets
Punjabi language-related lists

List of Punjabi-language poets


Un hipercán es una clase hipotética de huracanes extremos que podrían formarse si la temperatura del mar llega a alrededor de 50 °C, que es 15 °C más caliente que la temperatura marina más cálida jamás registrada. Dicho aumento puede ser causado por el impacto de un gran asteroide o de un cometa, por una erupción supervolcánica o bien por el calentamiento global generalizado.

Hay cierta especulación en que una serie de hipercanes contribuyeran a la desaparición de los dinosaurios.
La hipótesis sobre su formación y estructura fue enunciada por Kerry Emanuel, del MIT, que a su vez acuñó el término.

Formación y Características
Según el modelo de Emanuel, para que se forme un hipercán la temperatura del océano tendría que ser igual o superior a 48 °C. A pesar de su intensidad, la tormenta que precedería su formación podría ser muy pequeña, en comparación con el tamaño medio de los huracanes: probablemente menos de 25 km²; no obstante sus corrientes de aire podrían llegar mucho más arriba en la atmósfera que los huracanes corrientes.

Riesgos Potenciales
Los vientos de los hipercanes tendrían velocidades del orden de 800 km/h, lo que equivaldría a un viento de F9 en la Escala de Fujita, y también habría una presión central de menos de 70 kilopascales (700 mmHg), propocionando al sistema un enorme potencial de duración. En comparación, el ciclón más grande e intenso registrado fue el Tifón Tip del año 1979, con un viento del orden de 300 km/h (190 mph) y una presión central de 87 kpa (870 mmHg). De manera que este tipo de ciclón podría ser hasta ocho veces más intenso que los más fuertes registrados hasta ahora.
Las extremas condiciones necesarias para la formación de un hipercán podrían acabar produciendo un sistema atmosférico del tamaño de América del Norte, una marejada ciclónica de hasta 18 m y un ojo de unos 300 km de diámetro. Las aguas donde se originaría el hipercán podrían permanecer calientes durante semanas, fomentando la formación posterior de sistemas similares. Las nubes de un hipercán podrían llegar a alcanzar los 30 km de altura. Esto a su vez podría provocar perturbaciones en la capa de ozono terrestre, dado que las moléculas de agua dispersadas podrían reaccionar con el ozono y acelerar su descomposición en O2 y reducir su efecto de absorción de la luz ultravioleta.

En la cultura popular
La trilogía de novelas de ciencia ficción de Peter F. Hamilton "The Night's Dawn Trilogy" describe una Tierra del siglo 24, donde el cambio climático incontrolado ha hecho de los hipercanes un hecho común. En el contexto de las novelas, los hipercanes son conocidos como "tormentas armada" (armada storms). Esta etiqueta fue creada con el primer hipercán registrado, como una extensión del famoso meme de la teoría del caos: si el aleteo de una mariposa puede crear una tormenta, un hipercán sólo puede ser la consecuencia del aleteo de una "armada" de mariposas volando al unísono. Los hipercanes también aparecen en la película The Day After Tomorrow (aunque de una manera distinta a la mencionada en este artículo). Además algunos creacionistas afirman que los hipercanes habrían golpeado con frecuencia en los tiempos del Diluvio Universal.

Véase también
 Ciclón
 Ciclón tropical
 Ciclón subtropical
 Mesociclón
 Ciclón extratropical
 Ciclón polar / Baja polar

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Ciclones
Meteorología del ciclón tropical

Hipercán


Čudsko jezero (estonski: Peipsi järv, ruski: Чудско озеро), ponegdje poznato i pod njemačkim nazivom Peipus, slatkovodno je reliktno jezero u Istočnoj Europi, smješteno na samoj granici Estonije i Ruske Federacije. Sjeverni i zapadni dio jezera administrativno pripada estonskima okruzima Ida-Virumaa, Jõgevamaa i Tartumaa, dok istočni dio jezera administrativno pripada Lenjingradskoj i Pskovskoj oblasti Rusije. Granica između dvije države prolazi sredinom jezera.

Čudsko jezero najsjevernije je i najveće jezero Čudsko-pskovskoga jezerskoga sustava. Površina Čudskoga jezera iznosi 2613 km2, najveća dužina jezera 96 km, najveća širina 50 km, prosječna dubina oko 7,5 metara, a maksimalna dubina 12,9 metara. Površina jezera pri prosječnom vodostaju leži na nadmorskoj visini od 30 metara.

U jezero se ulijeva nekoliko rijeka, a najveće među njima su Emajõgi i Želča. Voda Čudskoga jezera jedino se izlijeva u rijeku Narvu koja povezuje jezero s Finskim zaljevom Baltičkoga mora.

Obale Čudskoga jezera dosta su ravne i niske, a nešto veći stupanj razvedenosti karakterističan je za jugozapadnu i jugoistočnu obalu. Obale su uglavnom pješčane, nerijetko s pješčanima dinama, dok je dno uglavnom ravno i prekriveno slojem ilovače. Područje od obale pa do nekih 300 metara k otvorenoj vodi dosta je plitko i zaraslo jezerskom vegetacijom. Tijekom razdoblja proljetnih poplava znatan dio priobalne ravnice je poplavljen, posebno uz zapadnu obalu. Na jugu se preko Toploga jezera sjedinjuje sa Pskovskim jezerom.

Od ukupno 22 otoka koja se nalaze na jezeru, najveći otok je Piirissaar s površinom od 7,8 km2, a koje administrativno pripada Estoniji. Otok je udaljen 2,5 kilometara istočno od estonske obale, ima maksimalnu visinu od svega 4,5 metara i podložen je čestima poplavama.

Najveća naselja na obalama jezera su gradići Gdov u Rusiji i Kallaste i Mustvee u Estoniji.

Godine 1242. na ovome se jezeru dogodila "Bitka na ledu" između teutonskih vitezova i Novgorodske Republike predvođene Aleksandrom Nevskim.

Povezani članci
 Čudsko-pskovsko jezero
 Toplo jezero
 Pskovsko jezero
 Narva (rijeka)

Vanjske poveznice

 Чудское озеро, Enciklopedijski rječnik Brockhausa i Efrona
 Псковско-Чудское озеро
 Карты Псковско-Чудского озераa

Jezera u Estoniji
Jezera u europskom dijelu Rusije
Pskovska oblast
Lenjingradska oblast
Slijev Čudsko-pskovskog jezera
Ledenjačka jezera
Estonsko-ruska granica

Čudsko jezero


Aderus bellus é uma espécie de inseto besouro da família Aderidae. Foi descrita cientificamente por Maurice Pic em 1926.

Distribuição geográfica
Habita em Tonkin (Vietname).

Referências

bellus
Insetos descritos em 1926
Espécies descritas por Maurice Pic

Aderus bellus


er en japansk fodboldspiller, der spiller for Okayama Yunogo Belle i L. League. Siden 2012 har hun været anfører for s landshold (Nadeshiko Japan), hvor hun fik debut i 2003. Hun har spillet i alle verdensmesterskaber i fodbold siden 2003 og var en del af Japans hold, der vandt VM i 2011. Miyama førte også Japan til en sølvmedalje ved sommer-OL 2012 i London.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kvindelige fodboldspillere fra Japan

Aya Miyama


An Masdevallia sanctae-rosae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Friedrich Fritz Wilhelm Ludwig Kraenzlin. An Masdevallia sanctae-rosae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Masdevallia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Masdevallia

Masdevallia sanctae-rosae


Dutch processed cocoa, Dutch cocoa, or alkalized cocoa, is cocoa solids that have been treated with an alkalizing agent to reduce the natural acidity of cocoa, giving it a less bitter taste (and darker colour) compared to "natural cocoa" extracted with the Broma process. It forms the basis for much of modern chocolate, and is used in ice cream, hot chocolate, and baking.

Alkalizing agents employed vary, but include potassium carbonate (E501), sodium carbonate (E500), and/or sodium hydroxide (E525).

Dutching greatly reduces the levels of certain phytochemicals in cocoa.

History
The Dutch process was developed in the early 19th century by Dutch chocolate maker Coenraad Johannes van Houten, whose father Casparus was responsible for the development of the method of removing fat from cocoa beans by hydraulic press around 1828, forming the basis for cocoa powder. These developments greatly expanded the use of cocoa, and  reduced the oiliness that was previously associated with cocoa.

Colour
The quantity of alkalizing agent is not specified on the ingredients on cocoa powder. However, this may be figured out by comparing the brown shades between different products. Higher quantities of alkalizing agents will produce cocoa that is darker than cocoa with lower quantities.

Cooking properties
Dutch processed cocoa has a neutral pH, and is not acidic like natural cocoa, so in recipes that use sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) as the leavening agent (which relies on the acidity of the cocoa to activate it), an acid must be added to the recipe, such as cream of tartar or the use of buttermilk instead of fresh milk. There is no need to add acidity when Dutch process cocoa (or natural cocoa) is used in recipes that use baking powder instead of soda for leavening.

Reduction of phytochemicals

Caffeine
Dutch cocoa contains 3 times less caffeine:
 100 grams unsweetened cocoa powder processed with alkali contains 78 mg.
 100 grams unsweetened cocoa powder without alkali contains 230 mg.

Antioxidants and flavonols
Compared to other processes, Dutch process cocoa contains lower amounts of flavonols (antioxidants). The effect this has on nutritional value is disputed.  Professor Irmgard Bitsch of the Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen claims that the reduction of antioxidants due to the process is not significant and enough polyphenols and procyanidins remain in the cocoa. One study determined that 60% of natural cocoa's original antioxidants were destroyed by light dutching and 90% were destroyed by heavy dutching. Natural cocoa has such high levels of antioxidants that even a 60% reduction leaves it high on the list of antioxidant-rich foods.

References

Dutch chocolate
Chocolate industry
Dutch cuisine
Dutch inventions
Industrial history of the Netherlands
Food powders

Dutch process cocoa


Methohexital ou methohexitone (commercialisé sous les noms de marque Brevital et Brietal) est un médicament qui est un dérivé barbiturique. Il est classé comme à courte durée d'action et a un début d'action rapide. Il est similaire dans ses effets au thiopental de sodium, un médicament avec lequel il a rivalisé sur le marché des anesthésiques.

Pharmacologie
Le méthohexital se lie à un site distinct qui est associé à Cl− ionophores aux récepteurs GABAA. Cela augmente la durée pendant laquelle les ionopores Cl− sont ouverts, provoquant ainsi un effet inhibiteur.

Le métabolisme du méthohexital est principalement hépatique par déméthylation et oxydation. L'oxydation de la chaîne latérale est le principal moyen de métabolisme impliqué dans la fin de l'activité biologique du médicament.

Indications
Le méthohexital est principalement utilisé pour induire l'anesthésie et est généralement fourni sous forme de sel de sodium (c'est-à-dire de sodium méthhexital). Il n'est utilisé qu'en milieu hospitalier ou similaire, sous stricte surveillance. Il a été couramment utilisé pour induire une sédation profonde ou une anesthésie générale pour la chirurgie et les procédures dentaires. Contrairement à de nombreux autres barbituriques, le méthohexital abaisse le seuil épileptogène, une propriété qui le rend particulièrement utile lorsque l'anesthésie est fournie pour une thérapie électroconvulsive (ECT). Et le taux de récupération rapide, avec une prise de conscience acquise dans les trois à sept minutes après l'induction et la récupération complète dans les 30 minutes, est un avantage majeur par rapport aux autres barbituriques ECT.

Synthèse
Le méthohexital peut être synthétisé de la manière classique de fabrication de dérivés de l'acide barbiturique, notamment par la réaction de dérivés d'ester maloniques avec des dérivés d'urée. L'ester allyl-(1-méthyl-2-pentynyle) malonique qui en résulte est synthétisé par alkylation ultérieure de l'ester malonique lui-même, en commençant par le 2-bromo-3-hexyne, qui donne de l'ester (1-méthyl-2-pentynyl)malonique, puis par l'allylbromure. Dans la dernière étape, la réaction de l'ester malonique disubstitué avec la N-méthylurée donne du méthohexital.

Barbiturique
Composé allylique
Modulateur allostérique du récepteur GABAA

Méthohexital


Earl of Caithness is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland, and it has a very complex history. Its first grant, in the modern sense as to have been counted in strict lists of peerages, is now generally held to have taken place in favor of Maol Íosa V, Earl of Strathearn, in 1334, although in the true circumstances of 14th century, this presumably was just a recognition of his hereditary right to the ancient earldom/mormaership of Caithness. The next year, however, all of his titles were declared forfeit for treason.

History
Earlier, Caithness had been intermittently held, presumably always as fief of Scotland, by the Norse earls of Orkney, at least since the days of the childhood of Thorfinn Sigurdsson in c.1020, but possibly already several decades before. The modern reconstruction of holders of peerage earldoms do not usually include those of Mormaerdom of Caithness, although there is no essential difference between them and, for example, those of mormaers of Lennox, mormaers of Strathearn and mormaers of Angus.

The next grant after Maol Íosa was to David Stewart, a younger son of Robert II of Scotland. His heiress, Euphemia, resigned the title in 1390 in favour of her uncle Walter, 1st Earl of Atholl. Walter himself resigned the title in 1428, in favour of his son Allan, but he retained the earldom of Atholl for himself. Upon Allan's death, Walter again came to hold both earldoms. However, both were lost when he was executed for high treason in 1437, his titles being forfeit.

The third creation of the title was for Sir George Crichton in 1452, but he surrendered the title in the same year. The final creation of the earldom was made in 1455 for William Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Orkney. He surrendered the Orkney title and all associated lands to James III in 1470, in return for the Castle of Ravenscraig, in Fife. James III had in 1469 received the rights of the king of Norway to Orkney territories as pledge of dowry of his wife Margaret of Denmark. In this way, the Scottish crown tightened its grip on Orkney and Shetland, a former Norwegian territory, by moving all other important holders away. Six years later, Earl William wished to disinherit his eldest son, who was known as "the Waster". Therefore, so that his earldom would not pass to him, he resigned the title in favour of his second son from his second marriage, another William. General Arthur St. Clair was reportedly descended from George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness.

George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness, was the last earl to cause a disturbance in the normal succession of the title. In 1672, he agreed that, at his death, all of his lands and titles would pass to Sir John Campbell, who was his creditor. In 1677, the sixth earl died, and King Charles II granted him a patent creating him Earl of Caithness. Later, however, the sixth earl's heir, also named George, was confirmed in his titles by the law. Therefore, in order to compensate for the loss of the earldom, Charles II created Campbell Earl of Breadalbane and Holland. Thereafter, the earldom of Caithness has passed solely within the Sinclair family, without any further resignations or other irregularities.

The Earl of Caithness also holds the title of Lord Berriedale, which was created in the Peerage of Scotland in 1455. That title is used as a courtesy title for the earl's eldest son and heir.

Earls of Caithness, First Creation (c. 1334)
Maol Íosa V, Earl of Strathearn (died before 1353) (forfeit 1335)

Earls of Caithness, Second Creation (c. 1375)
David Stewart, 1st Earl of Caithness (died before 1389)
Euphemia Stewart, 2nd Countess of Caithness (died 1434) (resigned 1390)
Walter Stewart, 3rd Earl of Caithness, 1st Earl of Atholl (died 1437) (resigned )
Allan Stewart, 4th Earl of Caithness (died 1431)
Walter Stewart, 3rd Earl of Caithness, 1st Earl of Atholl (died 1437) (forfeit 1437)

Earls of Caithness, Third Creation (1452)
George Crichton, 1st Earl of Caithness (died 1455) (resigned 1452)

Earls of Caithness, Fourth Creation (1455)
William Sinclair, 1st Earl of Caithness (died 1484) (resigned 1476)
William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness (died 1513)
John Sinclair, 3rd Earl of Caithness (died 1529)
George Sinclair, 4th Earl of Caithness (died 1582) (resigned 1545)
John Sinclair, Master of Caithness  ( – Sep 1575)
George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness (1566–1643)
George Sinclair, 6th Earl of Caithness (died 1677) (resigned 1672)
John Campbell, 1st Earl of Breadalbane and Holland (1633–1717) (resigned 1681)
George Sinclair, 7th Earl of Caithness (died 1698)
John Sinclair, 8th Earl of Caithness (died 1705)
Alexander Sinclair, 9th Earl of Caithness (1685–1765)
William Sinclair, 10th Earl of Caithness (1727–1779)
John Sinclair, 11th Earl of Caithness (1757–1789)
James Sinclair, 12th Earl of Caithness (1766–1823)
Alexander Campbell Sinclair, 13th Earl of Caithness (1790–1855)
James Sinclair, 14th Earl of Caithness (1821–1881)
George Philips Alexander Sinclair, 15th Earl of Caithness (1858–1889)
James Augustus Sinclair, 16th Earl of Caithness (1827–1891)
John Sutherland Sinclair, 17th Earl of Caithness (1857–1914)
Norman Macleod (Sinclair) Buchan, 18th Earl of Caithness (1862–1947)
James Roderick Sinclair, 19th Earl of Caithness (1906–1965)
Malcolm Ian Sinclair, 20th Earl of Caithness (born 1948) (elected to remain in the House of Lords in 1999)

The heir apparent is the present holder's son Alexander James Richard Sinclair, Lord Berriedale (born 1981)

References

External links

Earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland
Clan Sinclair
Forfeited earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland
1334 establishments in Scotland
Noble titles created in 1334
Noble titles created in 1375
Noble titles created in 1452
Noble titles created in 1455

Earl of Caithness


Karapınar, Karabük ilinin Safranbolu ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1928 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Karabük il merkezine 22 km, Safranbolu ilçe merkezine 14 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Safranbolu belde ve köyleri

Karapınar, Safranbolu


Hvalbakur er lítil eyja austur af landi og telst austasti landpunktur Íslands. Hvalbakur er 35 km frá meginlandinu.
Hún er 200 metra löng, 100 metra breið og hæst rís hún í 5 metra hæð.
Eyjunnar er ekki getið í eldri heimildum og kemur fyrst fyrir á kortum 1761 en ætla má að hún hafi verið þekkt lengur.

Tengt efni
 Kolbeinsey
 Ystu punktar Íslands

Eyjar við Ísland
Austurland

Hvalbakur (Suður-Múlasýslu)


3 Ninjas Kick Back este un joc video beat 'em up platformer pentru consolele Super NES, Sega Genesis/Mega Drive și Sega Mega-CD. Jocul a fost dezvoltat de Malibu Interactive, publicat de Sony Imagesoft și a fost lansat în 1994.

Jocul este bazat pe .

Poveste
Cu cincizeci de ani în urmă, maestrul samurai a luptat într-un turneu ninja pentru a câștiga un pumnal magic, care, împreună cu o veche sabie de samurai, este considerat a fi cheia pentru a debloca o peșteră secretă încărcată cu bogății. După câștigarea turneului și a pumnalului magic, aceste din urmă este furat de către rivalul maestrului, Koga. Deși maestrul căută în lung și-n lat, el nu-l găsește nici pe Koga, nici premiul sustras. Acum, prea bătrân pentru a continua căutarea, maestrul îi trimite pe cei trei tineri ucenici ai săi, tinerii frați ninja, Rocky, Colt și Tum-Tum, să-l ajute în recuperarea apreciatului pumnal.

După ce va fi returnat proprietarului de drept, pumnalul va fi din nou predat, de-a lungul generațiilor, câștigătorilor turneului ninja.

Gameplay
În debutul jocului, jucătorul alege pe unul dintre cei trei frați ca persoanaj principal. Fiecare dintre personajele jucabile beneficiază de arme proprii, astfel: Rocky are un bo, Colt folosește o katana, și Tum-tum manuieste două sai-uri. Dușmanii constau în ninja rebeli ce lucrează pentru Koga, animale sălbatice (cum ar fi câini și lilieci), și pericole (cum ar fi bolovani în mișcare și piroane). Meniul jocului este o reprezentare digitală a posterului utilizat pentru filmul cu același nume.

Jocul are mai multe niveluri, fiecare alcătuit din mici zone. Jocul progresează prin rularea caracterului prin fiecare zonă, scopul fiind de a ajunge la celălalt capăt al nivelului. La sfârșitul fiecărui nivel, jucătorul trebuie să învingă un șef mai mic, iar la finalul jocului trebuind să-l învingă pe Koga.

Sistem
Jocul a fost publicat pe trei sisteme diferite: Sega Mega-CD, Sega Genesis și Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Varianta de Sega CD include un joc bonus: Hook.

Referințe

Jocuri video din 1994
Jocuri video de platformă
Jocuri pentru Sega Mega Drive
Jocuri pentru Super Nintendo Entertainment System
Jocuri video bazate pe filme
Jocuri pentru Sega Mega-CD

3 Ninjas Kick Back (joc video)


Mario Alberto Abadía López (Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; 3 de abril de 1986) es un exfutbolista colombiano. Jugaba de delantero. Actualmente es asistente técnico de su padre, Nelson Abadía, en la Selección Femenina de Colombia.

Clubes

Como jugador

Como asistente

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en Soccerway
 Ficha en WordFootball

Nacidos en Cali
Futbolistas de Colombia
Futbolistas del Tauro Fútbol Club
Futbolistas del Centauros Villavicencio
Futbolistas del América de Cali
Futbolistas del Patriotas Boyacá
Futbolistas del Club Sportivo Cerrito
Futbolistas de la Institución Atlética Sud América
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo FAS
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Heredia
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Juventud Independiente
Futbolistas del Platense Fútbol Club
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Vida
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Honduras Progreso

Mario Abadía


Nubisk spætte (Campethera nubica) er en spætteart, der lever i det østlige Afrika.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Egentlige spætter
Fugle fra Afrikas Horn
Fugle fra Østafrika

Nubisk spætte


Gráinne ist ein weiblicher Vorname aus Irland.

Der Ursprung des Namens ist nicht eindeutig geklärt, es wird jedoch angenommen,
dass der Name auf eine antike Korngöttin zurückgeht (siehe auch Granne).
Die heutige Schreibung des Namens ist identisch mit dem neuirischen Wort gráinne für Korn, bzw. Körnchen
Der Name erscheint in der irischen Mythologie in der Gestalt von Gráinne, der Tochter des legendären Hochkönigs von Irland Cormac mac Airt. Eine bekannte historische Figur, die den Namen trägt, ist die Piratenkönigin Gráinne Ní Mháille, die unter ihrer englischen Namensversion als Grace O'Malley bekannt ist.
Die verschiedenen, anglisierten Formen des Namens wie Granya, Grace, Gertrude oder Gertie sind
lediglich lautliche Anlehnungen ohne weitergehenden Zusammenhang.
Der Name hat in Irland in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine Renaissance erlebt,
so dass er heute im öffentlichen Leben Irlands häufig begegnet.

Weblinks

 Library Ireland:  Gráinne
 medievalscotland.org: Gráinne

Nachweise

Weiblicher Vorname

Gráinne (Vorname)


La Coupe du Portugal de football 1996-1997 est la  de la Coupe du Portugal de football, considéré comme le deuxième trophée national le plus important derrière le championnat.

La finale est jouée le 10 juin 1997, à l'Estádio Nacional do Jamor, entre le Boavista Futebol Clube et le Benfica Lisbonne. Boavista remporte son cinquième trophée en battant Benfica 3 à 2. Boavista se qualifie pour la Coupe d'Europe des vainqueurs de coupe de football 1997-1998.

Finale

Voir aussi
 Championnat du Portugal de football 1996-1997

1996-1997
Portugal
Sport au Portugal en 1996
Sport au Portugal en 1997

Coupe du Portugal de football 1996-1997


São Pedro da Afurada Portekiz'de Vila Nova de Gaia belediyesine bağlı olan, 1,00 km2; yüzölçümüne sahip, 3.442 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Vila Nova de Gaia'nın bucakları

São Pedro da Afurada


Rafał Wolski (pronunția poloneză: [ˈrafaw ˈvɔlskʲi]; născut la 10 noiembrie 1992 în Kozienice) este un fotbalist profesionist polonez care joacă pe postul de mijlocaș ofensiv pentru Wisła Cracovia, care l-a împrumutat de la Fiorentina.

A început să joace fotbal la vârsta de 8 ani la Głowaczów Hawk, sub îndrumarea tatălui său Krzysztof Wolski. Pe 26 martie 2009 Wolski debutează la naționala sub 17 ani a Poloniei, intrând pe teren în ultimele cincisprezece minute ale meciului cu Slovenia, câștigat de polonezi cu scorul de 2-0. Din 2010 și până în 2012 a jucat pentru Legia Varșovia, echipă la care a obținut Cupa Poloniei în două rânduri, în edițiile 2010-2011 și 2011-2012.
Pe 2 mai 2012, Wolski a fost numit de către Franciszek Smuda în lotul provizoriu de 26 jucători pentru turneul final al Euro 2012, fiind la acea vreme singurul jucător care nu strânsese nici o selecție la națională. A rămas în lot. Pe 22 mai 2012, a debutat la echipa națională de fotbal a Poloniei în victoria scor 1-0 cu Letonia, într-un meci amical.

A fost una din rezervele neutilizate de Fiorentina în Finala Cupei Italiei din 2014, pierdută cu 3–1 în fața lui Napoli.

Pe 24 februarie 2016 a fost împrumutat la echipa poloneză din Ekstraklasa Wisła Cracovia.

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1992
Fotbaliști ai Fiorentinei
Fotbaliști ai Legia Varșovia
Fotbaliști ai Wisła Cracovia
Fotbaliști internaționali polonezi
Mijlocași
Sportivi polonezi în viață

Rafał Wolski


Das Seoul National University Gymnasium ist eine Sportstätte in Seoul in Südkorea. Die Multifunktionshalle befindet sich im Campus der Seoul National University in Gwanak-gu und wird heute für Sport- und Bildungszwecke von der Universität benutzt.

Geschichte
Die Sportstätte wurde für die Olympischen Sommerspiele 1988 in Südkorea errichtet und bereits 1986 fertiggestellt. In dieser Multifunktionshalle wurden bei Olympia 1988 die Tischtenniswettbewerbe und die Badmintonwettbewerbe ausgetragen. Letztere hatten jedoch nur den Status einer Vorführsportart und es wurden darum keine offiziellen Olympiasieger im Badminton ermittelt. Tischtennis dagegen war erstmals im olympischen Programm. Nach Olympia wird die Halle weiterhin als Sportstätte genutzt, unter anderem für die Korea Open im Badminton. Die Kapazität der Halle beträgt 5.000 Sitzplätze.

Weblinks
Olympiareport 1988 (PDF; 22,7 MB)

Sportstätte in Seoul
Wettkampfstätte der Olympischen Sommerspiele 1988
Sporthalle
Sportstätte für Badminton in Südkorea
Seoul National University
Bauwerk in Seoul

Seoul National University Gymnasium


Emil Zátopek (; 19 September 1922 – 21 November 2000) was a Czech long-distance runner best known for winning three gold medals at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. He won gold in the 5,000 metres and 10,000 metres runs, but his final medal came when he decided at the last minute to compete in the first marathon of his life. He was nicknamed the "Czech Locomotive".

In 1954, Zátopek was the first runner to break the 29-minute barrier in the 10,000 metres. Three years earlier in 1951, he had broken the hour for running 20 km. He was considered one of the greatest runners of the 20th century and was also known for his brutally tough training methods. He popularised interval training after World War Two.

In February 2013, the editors at Runner's World Magazine selected him as the Greatest Runner of All Time. He is the only person to win the 5,000 metres (24 July 1952), 10,000 metres  (20 July 1952) and Marathon (27 July 1952),  in the same Olympic Games.

Early years
Zátopek was the seventh child in a modest family. Aged 16, he began working in the Bata shoe factory in Zlín. Zátopek says that "One day, the factory sports coach, who was very strict, pointed at four boys, including me, and ordered us to run in a race. I protested that I was weak and not fit to run, but the coach sent me for a physical examination, and the doctor said that I was perfectly well. So I had to run, and when I got started, I felt I wanted to win. But I only came in second. That was the way it started."  Zátopek finished second out of the field of 100. After that point, he began to take a serious interest in running. He joined the local athletic club, where he developed his own training programme, modelled on what he had read about the great Finnish Olympian Paavo Nurmi.

A mere four years later, in 1944, Zátopek broke the Czechoslovak records for 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000 metres. At the end of the war he joined the Czechoslovak Army, where he was gradually given more time for his gruelling training regimen.

Competitions

Zátopek was selected for the Czechoslovak national team for the 1946 European Championships in Oslo and finished fifth in the 5,000 m in 14:25.8, breaking his own Czechoslovak record of 14:50.2. At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, Zátopek won the 10,000 m and finished second behind Gaston Reiff from Belgium during a driving rainstorm in the 5,000 m.

The following year, Zátopek broke the 10,000 m world record twice, and went on to better his own record three times over the next four seasons. He also set records in the 5,000 m (1954), 20,000 m (twice in 1951), one-hour run (twice in 1951), 25,000 m (1952 and 1955), and 30,000 m (1952). He won the 5,000 m and 10,000 m at the 1950 European Championships and the 10,000 m at the next European Championships, ahead of Jozsef Kovacs and Frank Sando.

At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Zátopek won gold in the 5,000 m, 10,000 m, and the marathon, breaking Olympic records in each event. Zátopek is the only person to win these three long-distance events in the same Olympic games. His victory in the 5,000 m came after a ferocious last lap in 57.5 seconds, during which he went from fourth place to first in the final turn, passing first Alain Mimoun of France, then Herbert Schade of West Germany, and finally Chris Chataway of Great Britain. Zátopek's final medal came when he decided at the last minute to compete in the marathon for the first time in his life, and won. His strategy for the marathon was simple: he raced alongside Jim Peters, the British world-record holder. After a punishing first fifteen kilometres, in which Peters knew he had overtaxed himself, Zátopek asked the Englishman what he thought of the race thus far. The astonished Peters told the Czech that the pace was "too slow," in an attempt to slip up Zátopek, at which point Zátopek simply accelerated. Peters did not finish, while Zátopek won the race and set an Olympic record. Zátopek running in his first Marathon, beat second placed Reinaldo Gorno (Argentina) by 2:01 minutes.

Zátopek attempted to defend his marathon gold medal in 1956; however, he suffered a groin injury while training and was hospitalized for six weeks. He resumed training the day after leaving hospital, but never quite regained his form. He finished sixth in the marathon, which was won by his old rival and friend Alain Mimoun. Zátopek retired from competition in 1957.

Zátopek's running style was distinctive and very much at odds with what was considered to be an efficient style at the time. His head would often roll, face contorted with effort, while his torso swung from side to side. He often wheezed and panted audibly while running, which earned him the nicknames of "Emil the Terrible" or the "Czech Locomotive". When asked about his tortured facial expressions, Zátopek is said to have replied that "It isn't gymnastics or figure skating, you know." In addition he would train in any weather, including snow, and would often do so while wearing heavy work boots as opposed to special running shoes. He was always willing to give advice to other runners. One example he often gave was always to be relaxed and to help ensure that while running, gently touch the tip of your thumb with the tip of your index or middle finger. Just making that slight contact would ensure that arms and shoulders remained relaxed.

Personal life
His wife Dana Zátopková (born the same day and year as her husband) won a gold medal in the javelin throw at the 1952 Olympics, only a few moments after Emil's victory in the 5,000 m; she finished second at the 1960 Olympics. An example of the playful relationship between husband and wife came when Emil attempted to take some credit for his wife's Olympic victory at her press conference, claiming that it was his victory in the 5,000 m that had "inspired" her. Dana's indignant response was, "Really? Okay, go inspire some other girl and see if she throws a javelin fifty metres!".

Zátopek was known for his friendly and gregarious personality and for his ability to speak six languages. He was regularly visited at his home in Prague by international athletes he had befriended at competitions. His British rival Gordon Pirie described it as "the merriest and gayest home I've been in".

Emil and Dana were the witnesses at the wedding ceremony of Olympic gold medalists Olga Fikotová and Harold Connolly in Prague in 1957. Emil had spoken to the Czechoslovak president Antonín Zápotocký to request help in getting national heroine Olga a permit to marry the American Connolly, at the height of the Cold War. While it's not clear how much this helped, they unexpectedly received a permit a few days later.

In 1966, Zátopek hosted the Australian Ron Clarke when he visited Prague for a race. Zátopek knew the bad luck that Clarke had faced; he held many middle-distance track and field world records and had attempted to join his idol in the record books, but had fallen short in winning an Olympic gold medal (he was beaten by Billy Mills in one of the biggest upsets in Olympic history). At the end of the visit, Zátopek gave one of his gold medals from the 1952 Olympics to Clarke.

Later years and death
A hero in his native country, Zátopek was an influential figure in the Communist Party. However, he supported the party's democratic wing and, after the 1968 Prague Spring, he was stripped of his rank and expelled from the army and the party, removed from all important positions and forced to work in a string of menial manual labour positions.

He gained employment in one of the few companies not discouraged from employing out-of-favour citizens. The company was "Stavební Geologie", and he was immediately put to work prospecting for natural resources around Bohemia, infrequently being able to visit his wife in Prague. His work in such a field gave rise to the rumour that he had been sent (as many before him were) to the uranium mine concentration camps; however, the camps and the last of the mines had closed many years before. It is also rumoured that Zátopek had a short stint at refuse collection, but was let go as he was unable to complete a round without a horde of citizens insisting on helping him, though no evidence exists of this ever happening.

In 1977, after 5 years of working and living away from his wife and friends, Zátopek's spirit was broken and the communist government, no longer deeming him a threat, allowed him back to Prague with the offer of a further humiliating and menial job in the ČSTV (Czechoslovak Union of Physical Education). As the only option to get back to Prague and his wife, Zátopek accepted the offer. Using his gift as a linguist, the ČSTV put him to work monitoring foreign publications for the latest developments in sports science and training techniques. It was a lowly job shuffling papers in a small office under Strahov stadium. He dutifully served until his retirement in the early 1980s.

On 9 March 1990, Zátopek was rehabilitated by Václav Havel.

Zátopek died in Prague on 22 November 2000 at the age of 78, from the complications of a stroke. His funeral at Prague's National Theatre was crowded with leading figures from the international sports world.

Zátopek was awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal (the "True Spirit of Sportsmanship" medal) in 1975. In 2012, he was named among the first twelve athletes to be inducted into the IAAF Hall of Fame. A life-size bronze statue of Zátopek was unveiled at the Stadium of Youth in Zlín in September 2014.

In popular culture
The 2021 film Zátopek focuses on his personal life and sports career.

The most prestigious track race in Australia is named after him.

A Bengali novel by Mati Nandi, Naran (নারান), mentioned him as the role model and motivation of the protagonist, a Bengali Hindu refugee from East Pakistan who relocated to Calcutta in 1947 in order to evade the religious onslaught and build up his life again from the scratch.

The song "Czech Locomotive" by Australian psychedelic rock band Pond off of their album 9 is about him.

British punk-rock band Zatopeks chose their name after Emil Zátopek.

References

External links

 Emil Zatopek at Running Times
 Emil Zatopek Biography
 Running Past profile of Zatopek
 Archive Video of 5 km Olympic run from Runningpast.com

1922 births
2000 deaths
People from Kopřivnice
Czechoslovak male long-distance runners
Czech male long-distance runners
Czechoslovak male marathon runners
Czech male marathon runners
Olympic athletes for Czechoslovakia
Olympic gold medalists for Czechoslovakia
Olympic silver medalists for Czechoslovakia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1956 Summer Olympics
European Athletics Championships medalists
World record setters in athletics (track and field)
Recipients of Medal of Merit (Czech Republic)
Recipients of the Pierre de Coubertin medal
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Czechoslovak military personnel of World War II
Sportspeople from the Moravian-Silesian Region

Emil Zátopek


La Ruta de Rhode Island 117, y abreviada R.I. 117 (en inglés: Rhode Island Route 117) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Rhode Island. La carretera inicia en el Sur desde la  hacia el Norte en la . La carretera tiene una longitud de 39,9 km (24.8 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Ruta de Rhode Island 117 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Rhode Island por sus siglas en inglés RIDOT.

Cruces
La Ruta de Rhode Island 117 es atravesada principalmente por la Ruta 102 en CoventryRuta 116 en Coventry Ruta 2 en Warwick Interestatal 95 en Warwick Ruta 1 en Warwick.

Ruta 117A
La  Ruta 117A es un pequeño segmento de  en Rhode Island.

La Ruta 117A sigue la siguiente ruta en el estado:
Warwick: ; Ruta 117 hacia la Ruta 117
Warwick Avenue

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de RIDOT

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Rhode Island
Coventry (Rhode Island)
Warwick (Rhode Island)
Cranston (Rhode Island)
Providence

Ruta de Rhode Island 117


Gerhard Friedrich Ernst Flesch (8 October 1909 – 28 February 1948) was a German SS functionary during the Nazi era. After World War II, he was tried, found guilty and executed for his crimes, specifically the torture and murder of members of the Norwegian resistance movement.

Background
Flesch was an Oberregierungsrat and held the rank of SS-Obersturmbannführer (lieutenant colonel). He was born in Posen, Province of Posen, German Empire.  He became a member of NSDAP (Nazi Party) in 1933. In 1934, he obtained his law degree and by 1936 was a member of the Gestapo, when Reinhard Heydrich appointed him over a unit to control the religious sects of Germany. In 1938, he took part in the German march into the Sudetenland, and in 1939, in the annexation of Bohemia and Moravia. Later he was appointed political adviser to Gauleiter Fritz Sauckel in Thuringia.

Career in World War II
After the outbreak of the war in September, 1939, he became leader of Einsatzkommando 2/VI in Poznań (). Between 20 and 23 October 1939 the 14 Einsatzkommando that he commanded executed 275 Poles in the Greater Poland region near Poznan who were named as Polish patriots by Wolfgang Bickerich, the Lutheran pastor in Leszno, who had kept a list before the German invasion of Poland in 1939. They included political leaders, teachers, police officers, Catholic priests, workers, and farmers, and included scouts as young as 18. This was the start of Operation Tannenberg organized by Reinhard Heydrich which was meant to eliminate Polish leaders in the parts of Poland annexed to Germany. Flesch's men shot more than 40 more people in November 1939.

In 1940, he joined the 3rd SS Division Totenkopf in their march into France. He had a position as Regierungsrat (Executive Council, government advisor), and was an SS-Sturmbannführer (major) in April 1940, when he was assigned to Norway. His first job in Norway was Kommandeur der Sipo und des SD in Bergen (the Sicherheitsdienst (SD; Security Service) was primarily the intelligence service of the SS and the Nazi Party, where the Sicherheitspolizei (SiPo; Security Police) was a term used in Nazi Germany to describe the state political and criminal investigation security agencies. It was made up by the combined forces of the Gestapo (secret state police) and the Kripo (criminal police) between 1936 and 1939. Thereafter, they became departments of the RSHA). On 11 October 1941, he was appointed Kommandeur der Sicherheitspolizei und des Sicherheitsdienst in Trondheim. As Kommandeur of the district, he was also chief of Falstad concentration camp outside Trondheim and the prisons in Trondheim. He was promoted to the rank of Obersturmbannführer  (lieutenant colonel) and received the title of Oberregierungsrat. His immediate superior was Heinrich Fehlis. On 8 May 1945, he fled from Trondheim with a gold bar in his luggage. He was caught and sent back with a police escort on the train and during which he made an unsuccessful attempt to escape.

Trial and execution
Flesch was known for being a notorious torturer, and ordered the execution of many members of the Norwegian resistance movement without any trial. After World War II, in 1946, he was tried for the many cases of torture and murder. He was charged with a series of war crimes committed in Norway; seven instances of ordering the murders of a total of 37 prisoners, albeit four of those targeted were not killed, five instances of torture (verschärfte Vernehmung: "enhanced interrogation") and one instance of withholding medical treatment resulting in death. Flesch was found guilty of ordering 25 murders, 21 of which were carried out, all counts of torture, and the withholding medical treatment charges. He was sentenced to death by execution by firing squad. Flesch appealed to the Supreme Court of Norway on procedural grounds and that the sentence was too harsh; however on 12 February 1948 his appeal was rejected. The sentence was carried out at midnight at Kristiansten Fortress on 28 February 1948. Right before the order was given to fire, Flesch shouted "Heil Hitler!"

References

1909 births
1948 deaths
Einsatzgruppen personnel
Executed German mass murderers
Gestapo personnel
Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
Military personnel from Poznań
Nazis executed in Norway
People from the Province of Posen
SS-Obersturmbannführer

Gerhard Flesch