Nacistički eksperimenti na ljudima podrazumijevaju niz medicinskih eksperimenata na velikom broju zatvorenika (uključujući djecu) koji se dogodio u Trećem Reichu. Zločini su se odvijali unutar koncentracijskih logora od 1940. do 1945. godine (tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata i Holokausta). Ciljana populacija bili su Romi, Sinti, etnički poljaci, sovjetski ratni zarobljenici, njemački invalidi i Židovi.

Nacistički liječnici i njihovi asistenti prisiljavali su zatvorenike na učestvovanje u eksperimentima te bi eksperimenti najčešće završavali smrću, psihičkim i fizičkim traumama, invaliditetom (nepokretnost, sljepoća, mentalne poteškoće i sl.). Cilj i smisao ovih eksperimenata bio je stvaranje nadmoćnog oružja koje bi nacističke trupe koristile kao prednost na bojišnici. Naglasak se najviše stavljao na vojnu medicinu te na preživljavanje ekstremnih uvjeta poput dehidracije, velikih visina i sl. Zabilježen je određeni broj eksperimenata u kojima su nacistički liječnici pokušali "izliječiti" homoseksualnost.

Eksperimenti
Dokumenti Nuremberških vojnih sudova ukazuju na to da su nacisti vršili eksperimetime na sljedećim i oko sljedećih područja: hrana, morska voda, žutica, sulfanilamidi, kuagulacija krvi, gnojne upale i sl.

Eksperimenti na blizancima
Eksperimenti na blizancima obavljani su u koncentracijskim logorima s ciljem da se pokažu sve sličnosti i razlike u njihovoj genetici, odnosno da se dokaže može li se ljudskim tijelom (genima) manipulirati bez utjecaja prirode. Tijekom 1943. i 1944. godine obavljeno je preko 1500 eksperimenata, a samo je oko 200 ljudi preživjelo Najekstremniji primjeri eksperimenata vršeni su tako što bi se operativnim zahvatom pokušalo od dva blizanca napraviti sijamske blizance

Transplantacije kostiju, mišića i živaca
Od rujna 1942. do prosinca 1943. provedeni su eksperimenti u koncentracijskom logoru Ravensbrück kako bi se istražile mogućnosti presađivanja kostiju, mišića i živaca. Operativnim zahvatima uklanjane su cijele ili samo dijelovi kostiju, mišića i živaca i to najčešće bez korištenja anestezije. Rezultati ovih eksperimenata bile su teške agonije, bolovi, infekcije te trajni invaliditet.

Hipotermija
1941. godine nacističko ratno zrakoplovstvo provelo je niz eksperimenata koji su trebali pokazati znanstvenicima kako najbolje spriječiti hipotermiju. Procjenjuje se kako je obavljeno ukupno 360 do 400 eksperimenata, a oko 300 žrtava eksperimentima je podvrgnuto više od jednom.

U drugom eksperimentu zatvorenici su bez odjeće iznešeni na otvoreno područje gdje su temperature bile i do šest stupnjeva ispod ništice, a ovim se eksperimentima pokušavalo otkriti kako uspješno zagrijati pacijente nakon pothlađivanja. Također je zabilježeno više eksperimenata u kojima se zatvorenike nakon tretmana hladnom vodom ili zrakom bacalo u kipuću vodu kako bi se što prije odmrznuli.

Eksperimenti s morskom vodom
U drugoj polovici 1944. godine eksperimenti s morskom vodom provodili su se u koncentracijskom logoru Dachau, a cilj eksperimenata bio je ispitivanje različitih metoda kako bi vojnici na bojištu mogli piti morsku vodu. Najveći eksperiment uključivao je 90 roma kojima se određeni period uskraćivala hrana i pitka voda, odnosno kao izvor tekućina pili su isključivo morsku vodu. Eksperimente je provodio doktor Hans Eppinger, a rezultati eksperimenta bili su smrtonosni. Pacijenti su bili toliko deihidrirani da su lizali svježe oprane podove u nadi da će utažiti vlastitu žeđ.

Sterlilizacija i plodnost
14. srpnja 1933. godine nacisti su donijeli zakon u kojem je stajalo da se, zbog opstanka i rasta arijske rase, moraju legalizirati sterilizacije osoba čije su bolesti nasljedne i mogu utjecati na buduće potomke: slaboumnost, shizofrenija, alkoholizam, ludilo, sljepoća, gluhoća, fizičke deformacije i sl. 1% građana u dobi od 17 do 24 godine, bilo je sterilizirano u roku od dvije godine nakon usvajanja ovog zakona.

U roku od 4 godine, 300 000 pacijenata bilo je sterilizirano. Od ožujka 1941. godine do siječnja 1945. godine eksperimenti koji su uključivali sterilizaciju zatvorenika (pacijenata) provedeni su u sabirnom logoru Auschwitz, Ravensbruck i drugima pod vodstvom doktora Carla Clauberga. Cilj ovih eksperimenata bio je razvijanje metode sterilizacije koja bi bila optimalna za sterilizaciju milijuna ljudi s minimalno uloženih sredstava i vremena. U eksperimentima su se koristile sljedeće metode: zračenje, ubrizgavanje lijekova i droga, operativni zahvati.

U eksperimentima su korištene intravenozne injekcije joda i željezovog nitrata te su bile uspješne, ali su za sobom ostavljale velike nuspojave poput vaginalnog krvarenja, jake abdominalne boli, karcinoma cerviksa i  sl. Naučinkovitija nacistička metoda sterilizacije koje nije donosila velike nuspojave (osim opeklina) bila je tretman radijacijom koja je uspješno uništavala muškarčevu sposobnost da proizvodu spermu, odnosno sposobnost žena da proizvode jajne stanice.

Eksperimenti s otrovima
Negdje je između prosinca 1943. i 1944. godine pokusi su provedeni u logoru Buchenwald te su za cilj imali istražiti utjecaj različitih otrova na ljudsko tijelo. Otrovi su tajno dodani u hranu zatvorenika. Zatvorenici koji su umrli odmah su odvedeni na autopsiju, a oni koji su preživjeli djelovanje otrova ubijeni su kako bi se na njima također provela obdukcija. Tijekom rujna 1944. godine dio zatvorenika ranjavan je otrovnim mecima (često su umirali u teškim mukama).

Visinski eksperimenti
U prvim mjesecima 1942. godine zatvorenici u koncentracijskom logoru Dachau korišteni su za eksperimente kako bi se testirala izdržljivost ljudskog tijela pri velikim visinama. Smisao i cilj ovog testa bio je otkrivanje kakav utjecaj imaju velike visine na mozak pilota, odnosno kako velike visine utječu na tijelo kad se pilot katapultira iz kokpita na visini do 20 000 metara. Od 200 zatvorenika koji su sudjelovali u eksperimentima koji su uključivali simulaciju visinskih uvjeta u niskotlačnim komorama umrlo je njih 80. Preživjeli zatvorenici kasnije su ubijeni. U pismu koje je Rascher napisao Himmleru detaljno opisuje jedno od testiranja u niskotlačnim komorama. Zatvorenik je opisan kao 37-godišnjak dobrog zdravlja. Nakon nekoliko minuta u niskotlačnoj komori postupno je ostao bez kisika te je pokazao znakove abnormalnog ponašanja. Nakon četiri minute u komori zatvorenih je počeo nekontrolirano mahati glavom te je nakon kratkog vremena pao u nesvjest. U pismu također opisuje kako zatvorenik leži nepomično te diše samo 3 puta u minuti. Umro je nakon 30 minuta.

Zgrušavanje krvi
Sigmund Rascher ekperimentirao je s učincima Polygala, supstance napravljene od ekstrakta cikle i pektina (biljno vlakno). Rascher je želio dokazati kako preventivno korištenje ove supstance može reducirati krvarenje koje nastane prilikom ranjavanja vatrenim oružjem ili ubodima, odnosno da može olakšati posao ratnim kirurzima. Zatočenicima bi se konstantno davala određena doza ove supstance (kroz neki vremenski period, pr. mjesec dana) te bi ih se potom ranjavalo iz vatrenog oružja (u vrat ili prsa) ili bi im se amputirali udovi bez anestezije.

Izvori

Nacizam Njemačka u Drugom svjetskom ratu

Nacistički eksperimenti na ljudima


Physocalymma scaberrimum (Nome científicol: Physocalymma scaberrimum Pohl) é uma espécie de planta da família Lythraceae.

Taxonomia
Árvore medindo entre 3 a 25 metros de altura, casca espessa e fendida; caducifólia; ramos jovens pubescentes. Copa alongada ou piramidal, com tronco ereto e cilíndrico; Folhas com 5-12cm de comprimento, 3,5-8cm de largura, opostas, ásperas, pecioladas, às vezes acinzentadas, ápice obtuso, acuminado, margem plana, base obtusa, às vezes oblíqua, pubescentes a subvilosas; pecíolo com 1-1,5cm. Inflorescências medindo de 10-18cm de comprimento; racemos terminais; flores opostas, pediceladas, bibracteoladas; tubo floral atro-violáceo, sem epicálice, campanulado a urceolado, pubescente; pétalas rosa-magenta a arroxeadas; estames numerosos. Os frutos são cápsulas deiscentes com coloração castanha; sementes muito pequenas (6 x 4mm), aladas, arredondadas. Plantadecídua, heliófita, seletiva xerófita, pioneira, característica e exclusiva de matas semidecíduas e de sua transição para o cerrado (cerradões), onde apresenta freqüência elevada, não obstante muito descontínua e irregular na sua dispersão. Ocorre predominantemente em capoiras e capoeirões na parte mais elevada do relevo, em solos argilosos de média fertilidade e bem drenados. Também muito freqüente como planta isolada em áreas de pastagens. Produz abundante quantidade de sementes disseminada pelo vento.

Ocorrência
Ocorre em todo o nordeste do Brasil, estados do Goiás e Mato Grosso nas matas semidecíduas e cerradões.

Morfologia
Altura de 5 a 10 metros, copa alongada piramidal. Em terrenos pobres e pedregosos adota porte arbustivo. Tronco com tendencia retilineas e cilindrico com casca rimosa (possui fendas) e áspera. Possui flores muito vistosas e de coloração lilás. Fruto formato cápsula deiscente, com sementes aladas pequenas.

Ecologia
Planta decídua, heliófila, seletiva xerófita, pioneira, produz abundante quantidade de sementes disseminadas pelo vento). Os botões florais são visíveis entre os meses de julho a setembro. A florada ocorre entre os meses de agosto a novembro. No interior do estado de Goiás, tem sido relatada uma grande variação na tonalidade de rosa caraterístico das flores, variando entre rosa mais claro, praticamente branco ao quase violeta. Frutos imaturos são observados no mês de setembro; frutos maduros em outubro, com alguma variação regional. É uma espécie hermafrodita, capaz de realizar autofecundação ou fecundação cruzada, com polinização por entomofilia, especialmente por Melipona compressips manaosensis. Espécie decídua, heliófita, seletiva xerófica, pioneira, caracteristicas e exclusiva das matas semidecíduas e de sua transição para o cerrado (cerradão). Ocorre predominantemente nas capoeiras e capoeirões nas partes mais elevadas do relevo. Preferencia por solos argilosos de media fertilidade e bem drenados. Comumente encontrada como planta isolada em áreas de pastagens.

Características
Pesada (densidade de 85g/cm³), muito dura ao corte, textura grossa, resistente e moderadamente duravel.

Plantas descritas em 1982

Physocalymma scaberrimum


M. Shahinoor Rahman est écrivain, universitaire, folkloriste, chanteur et éditeur au Bangladesh. Il est le plus ancien professeur de sélection de niveau 1 du département d'anglais et ancien pro-vice-chancelier de Université islamique du Bangladesh. Il a été pro-vice-chancelier du 20 février 2013 au 22 février 2021.

Références

Naissance en juillet 1966
Étudiant de l'université de l'Indiana à Bloomington
Écrivain bangladais du XXe siècle
Écrivain bangladais du XXIe siècle

Shahinoor Rahman


Pride Toronto is an annual event held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in June each year. A celebration of the diversity of the LGBT community in the Greater Toronto Area, it is one of the largest organized gay pride festivals in the world, featuring several stages with live performers and DJs, several licensed venues, a large Dyke March, a Trans March and the Pride Parade.  The centre of the festival is the city's Church and Wellesley village, while the parade and marches are primarily routed along the nearby Yonge Street, Gerrard Street and Bloor Street. In 2014, the event served as the fourth international WorldPride, and was much larger than standard Toronto Prides.

The event is organized by Pride Toronto, a non-profit organization. A growing complement of fourteen staff support the work of 22 festival teams; each team is responsible for an aspect of the festival. Each team was formerly administered by two or three volunteer team leads; in 2019, the decision was made to strip that down to one lead per team in favour of a staff-centered approach. The long-term vision for, and strategic oversight of, the organization and the festival is intended to be managed by 12 volunteers on the board of directors. As of March 2020, the board consists of six members.

The first parade occurred in June 1981. For most of its history, Pride was a seven-to-ten day festival centred on the final week in June, with the parade falling on either the last weekend in June or the first weekend in July depending on the year's circumstances. Since 2016, the entire month of June has been declared Pride month, with a program of events throughout the month leading up to the parade.

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, the organization's in-person Pride festivities for 2020 and  2021including the Trans March, the Dyke March and the Pride paradewere cancelled. Virtual Pride Month festivities and an online "parade" took place in both years.

The organization's executive director since 2020 is Sherwin Modeste. He succeeded Olivia Nuamah, who had been appointed in February 2017 to succeed Mathieu Chantelois.

Festival overview

Main events of Pride Toronto's festival include the Trans March, the Dyke March and the Pride parade. Although a definitive count of attendees cannot be determined, estimates in recent years have ranged from 500,000 to over one million for the week, and about 100,000 for the parade itself. The festival is often touted as being one of the largest cultural festivals in North America and the 22 city blocks that make up the festival site is closed to vehicular traffic.

History

Toronto's Pride Week evolved out of the mass protests that followed the 1981 Toronto bathhouse raids, and celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2005. In the 2005 parade, newly appointed Toronto police chief Bill Blair became the first chief of police in the city's history to personally take part in the parade.  He marched alongside politicians of all parties, including several federal and provincial cabinet ministers and Mayor David Miller.

A theme is selected for each Pride festival that reflects the current context of the queer community and helps shape the festivities. Previous themes included "Fearless" (2006), "Unstoppable!" (2007), "Unified" (2008), "Can't Stop. Won't Stop." (2009), "+" (2017).

World Pride 2014

At the 28th annual conference of InterPride, held in October 2009 in St. Petersburg, Florida, the InterPride membership voted to accept the bid of Pride Toronto to host WorldPride 2014 for the first time in North America. In the first round of voting, Toronto won 77 votes compared to Stockholm's 61. In the second and final round of voting Stockholm was eliminated and Toronto won 78% of the vote, fulfilling the 2/3 majority needed to finalize the selection process. WorldPride 2014 in Toronto included an opening ceremony with concerts at Nathan Phillips Square; an international human rights conference; a variety of networking and social events including Canada Day and Independence Day celebrations, and an exhibition commemorating the 45th anniversary of the Stonewall Riots.

Pride Toronto officials said that Pride Week 2009 drew an estimated one million people to Toronto and contributed C$136 million to the city's economy, and state that they expect WorldPride to be significantly bigger. The actual numbers turned out to be closer to 2 million visitors. Economic impact was first reported at $286 million in 2014 and later updated to $719 million.

Controversies

Commercialization and marginalization
Toronto Pride Week has not been without controversy, as the growth of the event in recent years has led to allegations that it has become an overly commercial enterprise dependent on corporate sponsors and business interests, to the detriment of local community groups and political activism. Although Pride officially defines itself as inclusive of all races, communities and gender identifications, many such groups within the LGBT community have alleged that their events and communities and issues are increasingly marginalized in favour of a commercialized agenda. For example, many smaller community groups have indicated that they can no longer afford the increased fees required to place a marching contingent in the parade, which is increasingly dominated by corporate-sponsored advertising floats; and many LGBTQ-owned small businesses which historically depended on vendor booths at Pride Toronto for publicity have indicated that they can no longer afford the increased fees for inclusion in the vendor area.

As early as 2010 the Blackness Yes! committee, which organizes an annual dance party called Blockorama for LGBTQ people of colour, was raising the alarm that their program was being involuntarily forced to move from its traditional space, the Wellesley Stage across from Wellesley subway station, to unsuitable spaces such as the smaller parking lot in front of the Church Street Beer Store, the unpaved and unsuitable-for-dancing George Hislop Park, or the far too small Alexander Street Parkette. An appropriate space for Blockorama became one of the nine demands highlighted by Black Lives Matter in the 2016 incident discussed below.

In 2015, Pride Toronto was forced to withdraw applications to trademark the phrases "Dyke March" and "Trans Pride", both referring to events which are organized by outside groups on Pride weekend as a reaction to lesbian and transgender people's concerns that their issues and needs are not adequately addressed by Pride.

Queers Against Israeli Apartheid
In 2010 there was a controversy over Pride Toronto's decisions regarding the participation of the group, Queers Against Israeli Apartheid (QuAIA). Initially, Pride Toronto agreed not to allow the phrase "Israeli Apartheid" as part of a deal with the City of Toronto (which had suggested that funding would be reviewed if the group was included). However, Pride Toronto subsequently reversed that decision June 23 (after it had received the funds from the city), allowing the group to participate. Several Pro-Israel groups also attended the event.

Pride Week's decision to reverse the ban on QuAIA after it had received funding from the city (which was done on the condition that QuAIA not be allowed to participate) drew sharp criticism from several sources. Rob Ford, who was then a mayoral candidate (he was subsequently elected several months later), stated that: "I want to express my disappointment and disgust with Pride Toronto's decision to allow this hateful group to march." Giorgio Mammoliti, who was also running for mayor, announced that he would introduce a motion at the city council demanding that Pride return the $250,000 it had received from the city to reject all of Pride's future funding requests. In an editorial, the National Post called for both the City of Toronto and corporate sponsors to halt all funding to Pride Week, arguing that: "Anti-Israel bigots are free to have their own parade – but not on the public dime. The City of Toronto, whose councilors already have explicitly denounced QuAIA's "apartheid" propaganda, should prepare to cut funding. Corporate sponsors should do likewise."

In March 2011, Toronto Mayor Rob Ford has said that he will not allow city funding for the 2011 Toronto Pride Parade if organizers allow QuAIA march again this year. "Taxpayers dollars should not go toward funding hate speech," Ford said.  However, on April 13, 2011, the non-partisan Toronto city manager released a report for the city council's executive committee concluding that "the participation of QUAIA in the Pride Parade based solely on the phrase 'Israeli Apartheid' does not violate the City's Anti-Discrimination Policy. The City also cannot therefore conclude that the use of term on signs or banners to identify QuAIA constitutes the promotion of hatred or seeks to incite discrimination contrary to the Code." Ford indicated that he plans to defund the parade regardless of the City Manager report. On April 15, 2011, QuAIA announced that it would withdraw from the 2011 Pride parade; however, councillor Giorgio Mammoliti responded that he would still introduce a motion to withdraw city funding from Pride Toronto if the committee did not explicitly ban the group from participating.

In June 2012, the Toronto city council voted to condemn the phrase "Israeli apartheid," as part of a resolution recognizing the Pride parade as a "significant cultural event that strongly promotes the ideals of tolerance and diversity." The resolution said it slams the term "Israeli apartheid" for undermining the values of Pride and diminishing "the suffering experienced by individuals during the apartheid regime in South Africa."

Black Lives Matter
At the 2016 parade, the Toronto chapter of Black Lives Matter, who had been selected by Pride as the honoured group, interrupted the parade for approximately half an hour to call attention to a number of demands addressing racism in the LGBTQ community. The demands included Pride providing stable funding and space to events for LGBTQ people of colour such as Blockorama, Black Queer Youth and the South Asian stage, which had seen funding cuts and repeated relocation to less convenient or suitable venues in recent years, as well as increasing diversity in the hiring of the organization's staff and board — however, media coverage focused primarily on one explosive demand: that Toronto Police officers be barred from participating in Pride while in uniform, in response to ongoing police harassment of people of colour and transgender people.

Executive director Mathieu Chantelois signed BLM's statement  of demand, but later asserted that he had signed it only to end the sit-in and get the parade moving, and had not agreed to honour the demands. Following criticism of his handling of the incident, he resigned as executive director of Pride approximately six weeks later on August 11.

Debate over the action focused primarily on the question of whether banning uniformed police from the parade represented an abdication of the organization's stated values of diversity and inclusivity, largely without regard to the matter of whether not honouring the demand, thereby alienating racialized and transgender members of the community, would also be an abdication of those same values. Some media analysts claimed that BLM was an outside group with no connection to LGBTQ issues at all, and thus should not have been invited to participate in the first place, even though all of the demands related directly to Pride's handling of transgender and racial issues, and BLM leaders Janaya Khan and Syrus Marcus Ware are both queer-identified. Pride staff have reaffirmed on more than one occasion that police were not barred from participating in the parade at all, but were simply being directed not to march in uniform.

At Pride's general meeting in January 2017, the organization's members voted to affirm the motion that police not be permitted to march in uniform. Some opponents of the motion have falsely claimed that the meeting, and the resulting discussion about the police motion, were conducted in secret even though the meeting was scheduled and advertised normally and widely publicized by the media.

Following the meeting, Toronto Police chief Mark Saunders announced that the organization would voluntarily withdraw from any attempt to challenge the Pride membership's vote or participate in the parade. He affirmed, however, that the police service would continue to hold its established annual Pride reception, and would raise the rainbow flag at Toronto Police Headquarters.

The decision led Toronto City Council to debate withdrawing its Pride funding for 2017. The motion to withdraw funding, put forward by councillor John Campbell, failed on a vote of 27-17. A small group of Toronto residents organized a competing event with the theme of "first responder unity", which was scheduled for the same time as the main Pride parade but was located in another part of downtown Toronto. The First Responder Unity event made unauthorized use of Pride's logo on its website, as well as making deceptive marketing claims in an apparent attempt to portray itself as the "real" Pride event, calling itself one of the world's largest LGBTQ events and claiming a million attendees — Pride's usual attendance figures — months before the Unity event's actual attendance figures could possibly even be predicted. On June 19, however, Saunders publicly indicated that Toronto Police officers who wished to attend that event were also not permitted to do so in uniform.

In October 2018, Pride Toronto made the announcement that Toronto Police have been granted permission to march in the 2019 Pride parade.   However, three months later Pride Toronto members reversed that position when they voted 163-161 to not allow uniformed officers in the 2019 parade.

Departure of Olivia Nuamah
In January 2020, Pride Toronto announced that Olivia Nuamah was no longer its executive director, as of January 15. Despite concerns from the organization's membership about the timing of her departure just months before the 2020 event, the board declined to clarify the reasons for her departure or even whether she had resigned or had been fired.

COVID-19 pandemic
It was announced on March 31, 2020, that Toronto's in-person Pride parade and festivities, originally scheduled for June 26 to 28, 2020, had been cancelled, as mandated by the City of Toronto's prohibition on city-led mass events, parades and festivities until at least June 30, 2020, owing to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada, although virtual Pride Month festivities and an online "parade" hosted by comedian Brandon Ash-Mohammed took place in June on the Pride Toronto website.

It was announced on February 24, 2021, that given the ban on city-led and permitted events had been extended through to June 30, 2021, the in-person Pride parade and other Pride-related festivities originally scheduled for June 25 to 27, 2021, would be cancelled. The event was again staged virtually and was hosted by Canada's Drag Race season 1 winner Priyanka, with performers including Allie X, iskwē and Gary Beals. Despite the lack of an official Pride celebration, some small-scale Pride events did take place, including a Dyke March and a No Pride in Policing rally.

Toronto's Pride parade and festivities resumed in June 2022.

Financial difficulties

2009
On June 15, 2009, before the 2009 Pride Week festival, it was announced through the office of then Minister of State Diane Ablonczy that Pride Toronto would receive a $400,000 federal grant under the Marquee Tourism program. Shortly after this announcement, Charles McVety's Institute for Canadian Values issued a public statement titled "Conservatives Announce New Program to Fund Sex Parades," which condemned Stephen Harper's Conservative government for granting Pride Toronto the award and conflated the festival with sex abuse against children. It was later revealed that the Conservative government stripped Ablonczy of responsibility for the Marquee Tourism program within days of the announced funding for Pride Week, with the Institute for Canadian Values statement and the ensuing uproar reportedly playing a role. Conservative MP Brad Trost was quoted as saying, "The pro-life and pro-family community should know and understand that the tourism funding money that went to the gay pride parade in Toronto was not government policy."

May 2010
In May 2010 it was revealed that Pride Toronto would not receive further federal funding under the Marquee Tourism program, despite having received a favorable review for its grant application. Toronto City Councilor Kyle Rae commented on the announcement, saying "Reading the political tea leaves from last year, and Diane Ablonczy being shoved aside, I think all of us saw that this was going to happen."

July 2010
In the late summer of 2010 it was reported that Pride Toronto was facing severe financial difficulties because of the withdrawal of future funding from corporations and the City of Toronto due to the decision to allow QuAIA(Queers Against Israel Apartheid) to participate in the parade. Pride Toronto executive director Tracey Sandilands stated in an interview that "the fact that we might not be able to count on city funding next year, and existing sponsors who have given us notice in writing to say that unless we resolve the issues to their satisfaction, they will no longer be sponsoring us next year. So next year looks very bleak at this point."

Audited financial statements released on January 25, 2011, indicated that Pride week had a $431,808 operating deficit for 2009/2010 (ending July 31, 2010), up from $138,605 in 2008/2009. Pride Week's bank indebtedness had increased significantly, from a surplus of $219,296 in 2009 to a deficit of $155,232 in 2010. In the 2009/2010 financial year, sponsorships, which were identified as the primary source of financial difficulties, increased by 17% over 2009 (from $1,225,044 to $1,469,027). However, the total value of the grants Pride Week received declined from $971,800 in 2009 to $709,025 in 2010.

Awards
The Pride Week event received the Top Choice Award for Top Event of the year 2007/2008.

Honoured groups
Each year, Pride Toronto identifies honoured group(s) that are highlighted for their contributions to 2SLGBTQ+ communities. These have included:

 2016: Black Lives Matter – Toronto
 2017: Rainbow Railroad
 2019: Women's College Hospital

Grand marshals
Each year since 1988, through a nominations process, Pride Toronto selects one or more grand marshals who will lead the Pride Parade. Past grand marshals include:
 1988 Karen Andrews and Svend Robinson
 1995 Jim Egan and Jack Nesbit
 2000 Sky Gilbert and Michelle Douglas
 2001 Mirha Soleil-Ross
 2002 J.P. Hornick and Rachel Aitcheson
 2003 John Fisher of Egale Canada
 2004 George Hislop
 2005 Salah Bachir
 2007 Russell Alldread
 2008 Enza Anderson
 2014 International Grand Marshal: Anna Rekhviashvili
 2015 International Grand Marshal: Celina Jaitley, Pussy Riot
 2016 International Grand Marshal: Aydian Dowling
 2016 Vivek Shraya, Salah Bachir
 2017 Kent Monkman
 2018 Haran Vijayanathan
 2019 Gigi Gorgeous
 2022 International Grand Marshal: Lady Phyll

Programs and stages
Pride Toronto hosts multiple programs and stages, including several which occur every year. These include:

 Blockorama
 Fruit Loopz
 Dirty Disco
 Alterna Queer
 brOWN//out
 Yalla Barra

Blockorama
First introduced to Toronto Pride festivities in 1999 by organizers of the Blackness Yes! Committee, Blockorama is an annual event created by and for BIPOC queers. Influenced by the history and politics that have shaped black and Caribbean Canadian communities, the organizers of Blockorama were concerned by the lack of safe BIPOC spaces at Toronto Pride. The event was created as a way for the queer black community to connect, but has grown over the years to include all BIPOC queers who might feel left out of the more dominant Pride events.
Between 2007 and 2010, Blockorama, the only black queer diasporic event at Pride Toronto, was moved three separate times, with each location being further from the main Pride festivities than the last. Although Blockorama has been returned to its original location at the Wellesley stage, this happened as a result of community push-back from Blackness Yes! and Black Lives Matter Toronto to the uprooting and displacement of the event.

Third-party events

Like many successful Pride events worldwide, the official events are supplemented with non-official events, including the Prism Festival, now in its seventh year and featuring international DJs and all-night dance parties. The Writers' Trust of Canada formerly presented its annual Dayne Ogilvie Prize, a literary award for LGBT writers, during Pride Month, although it later diversified to hold its gala at locations throughout Canada, and is now presented as part of the Writers' Trust's regular slate of literary awards in October.

See also
Amy Gottlieb

References

External links

 Pride Toronto

Parades in Toronto
June events
June observances
Awareness weeks
LGBT culture in Toronto
Pride parades in Canada
1981 establishments in Ontario
Recurring events established in 1981
Annual events in Toronto

Pride Toronto


La route nationale 24 (SS 24, ) est une route nationale d'Italie, située dans la région du Piémont, elle relie Turin à la frontière française (RN 94), via Suse, sur une longueur de .

Nationale 24

Route nationale 24 (Italie)


"Venom" er en sang af den amerikanske rapper Eminem, skrevet til soundtracket til filmen af samme navn fra 2018, og optræder på hans album Kamikaze. Det blev udgivet som en digital single den 21. september 2018. Da albummet kom ud, røg nummeret ind på hitlisterne i flere lande og kom ind på Top 50 i USA, Canada og Australien.

Baggrund
Den 30. august 30, 2018, postede Eminem en 15-sekunders teaser, der viste Venom'''s titel med "E"'et, der stod bagvendt, der blev brugt som Eminems emblem. Syv timer senere, den 31. august, 2018, blev Eminem's tidligere uanmeldte album Kamikaze udgivet, og "Venom" dukkede op som dets sidste nummer. Den 21. september, 2018, blev nummeret udgivet som en selvstændig digital single via streaming-tjenester.

Sangen, omfatter mindre henvisninger til Venom filmen, og til dens karakter Eddie Brock.

 Musikvideo
Den 3. oktober, 2018, hintede Eminem på sin Twitter-konto, at en musikvideo til sangen ville blive udgivet den følgende fredag. Musikvideoen blev udgivet den 5. .oktober, 2018. Som en fortsættelse til hans tidligere "Fall" musikvideo,  viser dets første scene en kopi af Eminem album fra 2017, Revival'' blive ødelagt.
En Eminem symbiot inficerer uskyldige fodgængere, der herefter forårsager skader på byen, mens de rapper.
I løbet af den første del af videoen, vises Eminem, optræde med sangen inde i et mørkt rum, klædt i helt sort, med kun et enkelt lys, skinner i baggrunden. I den sidste scene, efter at komme i besiddelse af symbioten, bliver Eminem forvandlet til Marvel Comics' karakter Venom.

Referencer

Eminem-sange
Singler fra 2018

Venom (Eminem-sang)


1005 ඇරගෝ යනු ක්ෂුද්‍ර ග්‍රහයෙකි. 1923 සැප්තැම්බර් 5 දිනදී, එය සර්ගී ඉවෑනවිච් බෙල්යාව්ස්කි විසින් සොයා ගැණුනි. එහි තාවකාලික නාමකරණය වූයේ 1923 OT යන්නයි. එය නම් කෙරුනේ ගණිතඥ ෆ්‍රාන්සුවා ඇරගෝ අනුව යමිනි.

බාහිර සබැඳි

ප්‍රධාන වළල්ලට අයත් ක්ෂුද්‍ර ග්‍රහයෝ
පුද්ගලයන් අනුව නම්කෙරුණු ක්ෂුද්‍ර ග්‍රහයෝ
1923දී සොයාගැනුණු තාරකා විද්‍යාත්මක වස්තූන්
සර්ගී බෙල්යාව්ස්කිගේ සොයාගැනීම්

1005 ඇරගෝ


Le Cosmos SX 506 est un sous-marin tactique, développé en Italie par le chantier naval COSMOS, et acquis par la marine nationale colombienne en 1974.

Historique
La marine nationale colombienne, confrontée à la nécessité de pouvoir prévenir des attaques contre les installations portuaires et pétrolières dans la région du golfe du Venezuela, ou mener de telles attaques, décide d'acquérir des sous-marins à usage essentiellement offensif, avec la possibilité d'être utilisés comme méthode de défense dissuasive. Telle est la nature de l'arme, selon les informations fournies par son constructeur, Astilleros COsMOs de Livourne. Le but principal de cette acquisition était d'assurer une défense efficace et à faible coût contre d'éventuelles incursions navales du Venezuela. Par appel d'offres public, 2 unités de type SX-506 sont acquises. Un navire-mère, l', est également en cours de construction dans le but de les transporter et de leur fournir des services.

Fonctionnalités
Les SX-506 possèdent un sas pour permettre aux unités d'attaque (nageurs de combat ou commandos sous-marins) de mener des opérations de combat, en étant en immersion totale. Ils servent aussi pour quitter le sous-marin en cas d'urgence.

Spécifications techniques
Ces données sont celles qui correspondent au modèle utilisé dans la marine nationale colombienne :

 Propulsion :
 moteur Diesel Cummins de 300 ch
 Vitesse maximale : 7 nœuds
 Générateur électrique de 75 ch
 Batteries de 120 V - 1100 Ampères
 Batteries de 24 V - 1100 Ampères
 1 hélice
 Déplacement : 75 tonnes en surface, 90 t en immersion
 Équipage : 5 hommes
 Autonomie : 20 jours
 Dimensions
 Longueur 23 m
 Maître-bau 2,02 m
 Tirant d'eau 4 m
 Armement : 8 charges explosives de 50 kg à 2050 kg, incluant les charges explosives à bord des chariots  6 mines MK-21, 8 mines MK-50
 Autres équipements : 2 bateaux chariots ayant une capacité de transport de 8 commandos sous-marins et des charges explosives pour chaque sous-marin (l'un de ces bateaux a été perdu dans un accident, réduisant à 75% la capacité de déploiement initiale).

Utilisateurs
La liste suivante comprend les pays qui utilisent un modèle dérivé et/ou le même modèle dans leur marine et/ou leur force navale:

Colombie
SX-506 (1973) : 2 unités

Corée du Sud
 SX-506 (198?) : 2 unités
 SX-756/K (1988) : 9 unités

Pakistan
 SX-404/B (1972) : 6 unités
 SX-756/W (1985) : 3 unités

Irak
 SX-756/W (1989) : 2 unités. Ces sous-marins n'ont pas été livrés, en raison de l'état de guerre contre l'Iran.
 SX-756/S (1989) : 1 unité. Ce sous-marin n'a pas été livré, en raison de l'état de guerre contre l'Iran.

Taïwan
 SX-404 (1969) : 2 unités

Notes et références

Liens externes
 .

Sous-marin

Cosmos SX 506


مجلة العربي الصغير هي مجلة شهرية مخصصة للأطفال، تصدر بالتزامن مع مجلة العربي، وقد صدر العدد الأول منها في فبراير عام 1986، بعد أن كانت تصدر ككتيب يوزع مع مجلة العربي بداية من عام 1958. وهي تصدر شهريا عن وزارة الإعلام بدولة الكويت وتوزع في كثير من دول العالم.

قسم التحرير

يحتوي على بعض رسامي وكتاب العالم العربي للأطفال.

رؤية المجلة

صدرت المجلة حتى تؤكد وتساعد على إنشاء جيل من العرب يحقق السبق والتقدم لوطنه ويتمسك بهويته وهي تحث القراء على إرسال مساهماتهم لها لنشرها وتساهم في الكثير من المعارض.

أبواب المجلة

أبوابها تتغير من عدد لآخر ففي بعض الأعداد تضاف أبواب وفي البعض الآخر تحذف ولكن عادة كلها تعدّ أبوابا ثابتة، وهي الآن:

 ماذا تفعل عند ماذا تفعل في الظروف المختلفة.
 طيور بلاد العرب : يتحدث عن الطيور المنتشرة في الوطن العربي.
 مغامرات العربي الصغير (ينشر دائما في أول المجلة لأنه ذكي).
 العالم يتقدم : يتحدث عن أحدث الاكتشافات في جميع المجالات.
 جمول : يتحدث عن الكويت والاكتشافات التي يتوصل لها سكانها.
 موسوعة العربي الصغير : تتحدث عن مختلف مجالات العلوم باستفاضة.
 استراحة : يتحدث عن أهم الاشياء التي نقابلها في الحياة وكيفية التعامل معها وأيضا أهم المشكلات وأهم الطرق لحلها.
 جيراننا العالم: يتحدث في كل عدد عن دولة من دول العالم أو لغتها وغيره.
 لغة العصر: يتحدث عن أحدث الاختراعات في أي مجال ويعرض بعض صفحات الإنترنت وباب للتعارف.
 المفكر الصغير : يعرض أسئلة وأنشطة للتسالي.
 بريد العربي الصغير : يعرض استفسارات القراء في المجلة وأبوابها وأيضا اقتراحاتهم.
 نادي الرسامين : ويعرض الرسومات التي يرسلها اصدقاء المجلة.
 هيا بنا نرسم : باب لتعليم الرسم.
 من العرب الصغار : يعرض مساهمات القراء في جميع المجالات.
 ادباء الغد : يعرض مساهمات القراء في المجال الأدبي.
 المسابقة الثقافية : عبارة عن مجموعة من الاسئلة عن مجال معين والمطلوب الإجابة عنها وإرسال الاجابات للمجلة.
 ابحث في الصورة : نوع من التسالي وهو عبارة عن صورة والمطلوب البحث عما يطلبه.
 طرائف وابتسامات : تعرض فيه النكات ومسابقة أجمل تعليق.
 الإسلام حضارة : يعرض كل ما هو متعلق بالتاريخ الإسلامي.
 صورة وحزورة : اسئلة والغاز تعتبر نوع من التسالي.
 كتيب العربي الصغير : يكون عبارة عن قصة أو عرض للمعلومات عن شيء معين باستفاضة.
 قصص مصورة منوعة
 قصص مرسومة منوعة
 بيتنا الأرض : يتكلم عن أي شيء يختص بالكوكب والمناخ والحيوانات والنباتات وغيره.
 اسألوا حكيمة : يتحدث عن مشكلات القراء والتي يبعثوها للمجلة.
 واحة الفن الجميل : تتحدث عن الفنانين المشهورين في عالم الرسم والموسيقى وأهم أعمالهم.
 رزنامة العربي الصغير : تعرض بها الأحداث التي حدثت أو ستحدث في خلال الشهر التي تصدر به.
 قدوتي العلمية : ينشر معلومات عن أشهر علماء العالم في كل العصور.
 عالم الطوابع : تنشر معلومات عن الطوابع وهواية جمع الطوابع وأشهر صور للطوابع.
 أنت تسأل ونحن نجيب : يبعث القراء بأسئلتهم العلمية وتتولى المجلة الإجابة عنها.
 استطلاعات مصورة : يعرض أحدث الأخبار التي تحدث بالعالم.
 الشعر : يعرض في وسط المجلة أو آخرها.
وفي فبراير 2013 تم تطوير وتغيير شكل المجلة. وأصبحت تضم 5 أبواب بشعار (مجلة ضرب 5 مجلات). والأبواب هي:
 شرائط ومغامرات: هذا الباب مخصص للقصص المصورة.
 قصص وحكايات: يضم هذا الباب قصص وحكايات نصية. وبعض القصائد المصحوبة برسوم معبرة عنها.
 شخصيات ورحلات: يحتوي على إستطلاعات مصورة. وتحقيقات عن حياة بعض الشخصيات البارزة.
 علوم واكتشافات: يناقش هذا الباب مواضيع علمية متنوعة حول الفضاء والإنترنت وجسم الإنسان. وكافة فروع العلم.
 من وإلى القراء: في هذا الباب يبعث الأصدقاء رسائلهم واقتراحاتهم.

شخصيات المجلة

المجلة ليست لها شخصيات معينة ولكن هناك بعض الشخصيات التي ثبتت في المجلة فترة من الوقت ومنها:

 سميرة الخبيرة.
 روبو وعربو.
 العربي الصغير.
 مغامرات فريكو.

كتاب المجلة
 محمد المنسي قنديل
 محمود قاسم
 السماح عبد الله
 فاروق شوشة
 فتحية العسال
 سماح أبو بكر عزت
 العربي بنجلون
 رؤوف وصفي
 هذايل الحوقل
 إبراهيم مرزوق
 دلال المطيري

عدد النسخ
توزع المجلة أكثر من 128 ألف نسخة في العالم.

انظر أيضًا

 مصطفى نصر

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1958 في الكويت
مجلات أطفال كويتية
مجلات أسست في 1958
مجلات شهرية كويتية
مجلات باللغة العربية

العربي الصغير (مجلة)


Beverförde-Werries ist der Name folgender Adelsgeschlechter:

 Beverförde zu Werries, Adelsgeschlecht bis 1789
 Elverfeldt genannt von Beverfoerde zu Werries, Adelsgeschlecht ab 1789

Siehe auch:
 Beverförde

Beverförde-Werries


Ljestvice i sastavi liga petog stupnja hrvatskog rukometnog prvenstva u sezoni 2017./18.

Međužupanijska liga Zagreb

 Izvori:
 Mladost 09, ljestvica
 Mladost 09, rezultati jesen
 Mladost 09, rezultati proljeće

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Premijer liga 2017./18.
 1. HRL 2017./18.
 2. HRL 2017./18.
 3. HRL 2017./18.
 Hrvatski kup 2017./18.

Vanjske poveznice
 hr-rukomet.hr
 zrs.com.hr - Zagrebački rukometni savez

Izvori

2017-18
m-5

5. rang hrvatskog rukometnog prvenstva 2017./18.


Ganonema, rod crvenih algi iz porodice Liagoraceae. Taksonomski je priznat kao zaseban rod. Postoji desetak vrsta, sve su morske.

Tipična je G. farinosum.

Vrste
 Ganonema codii (Womersley) Huisman & Kraft
 Ganonema farinosum (J.V.Lamouroux) K.-C.Fan & Y.-C.Wang - tip
 Ganonema filicoides (Kützing) Huisman & A.J.K.Millar
 Ganonema helminthaxis Huisman & Kraft
 Ganonema lubricum Afonso-Carrillo, Sansón & Reyes
 Ganonema megagynum (Børgesen) Huisman
 Ganonema norrisiae (I.A.Abbott) Huisman, I.A.Abbott & A.R.Sherwood
 Ganonema papenfussii (I.A.Abbott) J.M.Huisman, I.A.Abbott & A.R.Sherwood
 Ganonema pinnatiramosa (Yamada) K.C.Fan & Y.C.Wang
 Ganonema pinnatum (Harvey) Huisman
 Ganonema robustum Huisman & S.-M.Lin
 Ganonema vermiculare D.L.Ballantine & I.A.Abbott
 Ganonema yoshizakii Huisman, I.A.Abbott, & A.R.Sherwood

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Liagoraceae

Ganonema (alge)


Martín Exequiel Ojeda (Gualeguaychú, 27. studenog 1998.) argentinski je nogometaš koji igra na poziciji lijevog krila. Trenutačno igra za američki Orlando City.

Klupska karijera

Ferro Carril Oeste
Za argentinski drugoligaški klub Ferro Carril Oeste debitirao je i postigao svoj prvi gol u utakmici Primere B Nacional u kojoj je Ferro Carril Oeste 31. siječnja 2016. igrao 1:1 s Atléticom iz grada Paraná.

Racing Club
U srpnju 2017. prešao je u redove argentinskog prvoligaškog kluba Racing Club za 500 tisuća eura. Za Racing Club debitirao je 17. rujna u ligaškoj utakmici u kojoj je Racing Club izgubio 1:0 od Banfielda. U natjecanju Copa Libertadores Ojeda je debitirao 4. travnja 2018. u utakmici protiv kluba Universidad de Chile koja je završila 1:1. U natjecanju Copa Sudamericana debitirao je 15. veljače 2019. kada je Racing Club igrao 1:1 s brazilskim Palmeirasom.

Huracán
U srpnju 2019. posuđen je Huracánu do kraja sezone za iznos od 45 tisuća eura. Za novi klub debitirao je u utakmici argentinske prve lige protiv kluba Boca Juniors koja je završila bez golova. U natjecanju Copa Sudamericana debitirao je 6. veljače 2020. u utakmici koju je dobio kolumbijski Atlético Nacional rezultatom 3:0. Svoj jedini pogodak za Huracán postigao je 7. ožujka u ligaškoj utakmici u kojoj je Banfield poražen 0:3.

Godoy Cruz
U kolovozu 2020. Racing Club posudio je Ojedu klubu Godoy Cruz. Za Godoy Cruz je debitirao te pritom postigao asistenciju u utakmici Copa de la Liga Profesionala odigranoj 3. studenog u kojoj je Godoy Cruz izgubio 2:1 od kluba Rosario Central. Svoj prvi gol za klub postigao je u utakmici istog natjecanja odigranoj 14. prosinca u kojoj je Godoy Cruz igrao 1:1 s klubom Central Córdoba de Rosario. Postigao je asistenciju u svojoj debitantskoj utakmici u kupu odigranoj šesnaest dana kasnije protiv JJ Urquize koji je poražen 3:1. Postigao je dva gola u utakmici Copa de la Liga Profesionala odigranoj 19. travnja 2021. protiv Colóna koja je završila 2:2. U utakmici kupa odigranoj 13. svibnja protiv Boca Unidosa, Ojeda je postigao jedan gol i asistenciju te je time sudjelovao u postizanju jedina dva gola na utakmici.

U argentinskoj prvoj ligi debitirao je 20. srpnja 2021. kada je Godoy Cruz dobio Rosario Central 2:1.  Pet dana kasnije Ojeda je postigao svoj prvi gol i to protiv kluba Defensa y Justicia koji je poražen 1:2. Postigao je dva gola 8. kolovoza u ligaškom susretu u kojem je Godoy Cruz pobijedio River Plate 2:1. Dana 5. rujna postigao je dva pogotka i jednu asistenciju u ligaškoj utakmici u kojoj je Gimnasia y Esgrima La Plata izgubila 4:0. Dva gola za Godoy Cruz postigao je i 2. listopada kada je Godoy Cruz igrao 2:2 u utakmici lige protiv Newell's Old Boysa. U sezoni 2021. argentinske prve lige, Ojeda je postigao 12 golova i 4 asistencije u 23 utakmice.

Dana 1. siječnja 2022. Godoy Cruz kupio je Ojedu od Racing Cluba za 427 tisuća eura. Dva puta je bio asistent 20. lipnja u ligaškoj utakmici protiv kluba Defensa y Justicia koji je poražen 2:1. U Copa de la Liga Profesionalu postigao je 2. trvnja gol i asistenciju u susretu protiv Estudiantes de La Plate koji je završio 3:3. Sedam dana kasnije u utakmici istog natjecanja i istog rezultata odigrane protiv Arsenala iz Sarandíja, Ojeda je postigao tri asistencije. Dana 11. srpnja postigao je gol i asistenciju protiv River Platea te time sudjelovao u postizanju jedina dva gola na utakmici. Šest dana kasnije ponovno je postigao gol i asistenciju, ovaj put protiv Lanúsa koji je izgubio 2:1.

Orlando City
U siječnju 2023. potpisao je s američkim klubom Orlando City koji se natječe u MLS-u trogodišnji ugovor s mogućnošću produljenja na još dvije godine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Profil, Soccerway
 Profil, Transfermarkt

Argentinski nogometaši
Aktivni nogometaši

Martín Ojeda


La Fossa Drusi o Fossa Drusiana es el nombre asignado desde época romana a un canal artificial excavado en época del emperador romano Augusto por orden del general Druso durante su campaña militar en Germania de 12 a. C.

Construcción
El historiador Suetonio nos indica que:

Su contemporáneo Tácito, al relatar las campañas de Germánico de 14 a 16 en Germania, señala que:

La misión de este canal fue comunicar el curso inferior del Rin con el mar del Norte de una forma relativamente segura a través de territorio romano y hacer que la classis Germanica se convirtiese en una permanente amenaza para las tribus germanas ribereñas.

La Arqueología todavía no ha sido capaz de fijar exactamente el recorrido de la Fossa Drusiana, pero se sabe que nacía en el curso del Rin a la altura de Arnhem (Países Bajos) para morir en el Ijssel, cerca de la localidad de Doesburg (Países Bajos), conociéndose este trazado actualmente en flamenco como Gelderse Ijssel. El actual canal de Utrech, entre esa localidad y el Ijsselmeer, puede seguir en la mayor parte de su recorrido el trazado del antiguo canal excavado por Druso.

Últimamente, se ha defendido la posibilidad de la existencia de un segundo canal excavado por orden de Druso entre el Zuiderzee y el mar del Norte, formando parte del brazo del Rin conocido actualmente como Lange Renne.

Notas

Bibliografía
 Kerst Huisman, De Drususgrachten. Een nieuwe hypothese, Westerheem 44, 1995, pp. 188-194. ISBN 0166-4301

Véase también
 Fossa Corbulonis

Enlaces externos

 Fossa drusiana en livius.org

Arquitectura militar romana
Arquitectura de la Antigua Roma en los Países Bajos
Arquitectura del siglo I a. C.
Europa en el siglo I a. C.
Canales de los Países Bajos
Geografía histórica de los Países Bajos

Fossa Drusiana


Tarîkat Kapısı, Bektaşîliğin yol kuralları, ilkeleri, töreleri bu aşamada öğrenilir. Kısaca yola girilir. "Zâhîdlik"le özdeşleşilir. Hakk yolu bulunmaya çalışılır. Bu evre, kamil insan olma sürecinde ikinci aşamadır. Eğitim ve aydınlanma olayı gerçekleşir.

Dört Kapı Kırk Makam inancında Tarîkat Kapısı'nın makamları şunlardır

1. El alıp tövbe etme
Bir mürşide bağlanmak, "ham ervahlık"tan ayrılıp olgun/ yetkin duruma gelmek, kötü ve günah işlerden uzak durmak, Hakk'tan halka inen bir toplum hizmetlisi durumuna gelmektir.

2. Mürit olma
Mürşidin isteğine uymak, eğitim alma isteğinden olmak, düşünce ve davranış düzeyinde verilen eğitimi özümseyebilmek için içtenlikle çalışmaktır.

3. Saçını-sakalını kesme ve temiz giyinme
Bektaşilik'te cinsiyet farkı gözetilmez. "Saçını giderme", "kadının dişiliği"nin "erkeğin kişiliği"nin ortadan kaldırılması olarak algılanan simgesel olarak "çar-darb" erkanından geçmektir. "Libas giymek"le de, Bektaşilik'te kutsal görülen "taç", "tennure", "haydariye", "kamberiye", "kemer kuşanmak", "teslim taşı" takmak gibi yola özgü giysi ve takıları takınmak, bu yolla ayıpları örtücü olmaktır.

4. İyilik yolunda savaşma
En büyük düşman olarak görülen nefisle savaşıma girmek, "benlik"in geçici ve dünyasal isteklerine karşı koymaktır. Kişinin kendisiyle savaşını, kendi benliğini eğitmesini amaçlar.

5. Hizmetli olma
Kendini insanların mutluluğuna adamak, bunun için her türlü özveriye katlanmaya hazır olmaktır.

6. Haksızlıktan korkma, çekinme
Tanrı yolunda yürürken, gerçeğe kavuşurken yanlış bir adım atmaktan kaçınmak ve Tanrı'nın bir yansıması olarak algılanan doğaya, insana kötülük getirecek eylem ve davranışlardan sakınmaktır.

7. Umutsuzluğa düşmeme
Kutsal gerçeğe bir gün kavuşulacağı umudunu taşımak, bunu hiçbir zaman yitirmemek, haklının haksızı yeneceğine inanmak, bu inancı sürekli canlı tutmak.

8. Hırka, zembil, makas, seccade; ibret alma ve hidayet etme
Hırka alma; tanrısal niteliklere bürünmek, kutsallık kazanmaktır. Zembil alma; irfan arayıcısı olmak, evrenin gizlerini bilmek, kavramak, gönül yoluyla sezgisel olarak bilgi edinmektır. Makas alma; tanrısal ahlaka uymayan sünnet dışındaki yenilikleri bırakmak, birey/toplum katında ahlak dışılıklardan uzaklaşmaktır. Seccade; her zaman ve her yerde Tanrı tecellilerinin önünde olduğunu bilmek, tanrısal tecelli olarak algılanan şeye, insana büyük bir saygı ve sevgi beslemek, Tanrı sevgisini tecellisine aktararak aynı sevgiyi onda yaşamaktır. İbret alma; her şeyde Tanrı'nın bir hikmeti olduğunu anlamak, "ben" özelliklerinden arındırılmış ve "ben" özelliklerinin katılımıyla beliren toplumsal bilinçte yaratıcılık görmektir. Hidayete ermekse; Hakk yoluna girmek ve tarîkatı benimsemektir.

9. Nimet dağıtma
Toplumda makam, toplumsal çevre, söz sahibi, sevgi sahibi ve öğüt sahibi olmaktır. Makam sahibi olmak; ruhsal bakımdan belli bir olgunluk aşamasına ulaşmış olmaktır. Makam, tarîkat yolcusunun ruhsal bakımdan ulaştığı olgunluk evresini simgeler. Bu anlamda "post"u simgelemektedir. Cemiyet sahibi olmak; yola (tarîkata) girmek isteğinden olmaktır. Öğüt(nasihat) sahibi olmak; yol kurallarını, ilkelerini, törelerini anlatacak denli bilgi ve beceri sahibi olmaktır. Muhabbet sahibi olmaksa; Tanrı'ya, yol ulularına ya da yol uğrunda yapılan bir işe, eyleme, davranışa gönülden sevgi ve bağlılık duymak, bir sorunun tartışılıp değerlendirilmesi, bir sonuca bağlanması için "muhabbet meydanı" açmaktır.

10. Aşka erme, şevke erme, özünü fakir görme
Aşka erme; tanrısal varlığı içten gelen bir eğilimle sevmek, sevilende kendini yok etmek, sevilenle bir olmak, seveni yok yalnızca sevileni var etmektir (aşık-maşuk). Şevke erme; Tanrı sevgisinden, tanrısal tecellilerden kaynaklanan coşkuyu duyumsamaktır. Özünü fakir görme: Tanrı uğruna dünyasal varlıklardan vazgeçmek, "ben"in geçici isteklerine kanmamak, büyüklük taslayarak tanrısal varlık karşısında bağımsız bir tutum takınmamaktır.

Tarîkat Kapısı'nın tasavvuftaki yeri

Tasavvuf terimleri

Tarikat Kapısı


La Lia Rumantscha (LR) es una institución suiza que nuclea a todas las organizaciones de la lengua romanche.

Fundada en 1919, tiene su sede en Coira, en la Chasa Rumantscha.

Se dedica al fomento de la lengua y cultura romanches.

Filiales
 Surselva Romontscha para toda Surselva,
 Uniun Romontscha Grischun Central para Oberhalbstein y Sutselva,
 Uniun dals Grischs para Engadina, Münstertal y Bravuogn,
 Societad retorumantscha, fundada en 1885, que desde 1938 está a cargo de la edición y publicación del «Dicziunari Rumantsch Grischun» (www.drg.ch),
 Uniun per la Litteratura Rumantscha (ULR).
 Giuventetgna Rumantscha (GiuRu), fundada en 1991, que edita la revista «Punts», y también asumen conjuntamente la actualización del Pledari Grond.

Bibliografía
Gion Lechmann: Rätoromanische Sprachbewegung : die Geschichte der Lia Rumantscha von 1919 bis 1996,	Frauenfeld [u.a.] : Huber, 2005

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio web de la Lia Rumantscha
 Película «Faces of rumantsch»
 Descarga de Microsoft Office 2003 en romanche
 Lia Rumantscha Lexicon Istoric Retic

Organizaciones de Suiza
Idioma romanche
Academias lingüísticas
Organizaciones fundadas en 1919
Coira

Lia Rumantscha


Jean-René Lisnard (* 25. September 1979 in Cannes) ist ein ehemaliger monegassischer Tennisspieler. Bis Ende 2005 spielte er unter französischer Flagge, im Jahr 2006 nahm er die monegassische Staatsbürgerschaft an und spielte bis 2013 für Monaco.

Karriere
Lisnard spielte vor allem auf der Future- und der Challenger Tour. Im Einzel sowie im Doppel gewann er auf der Challenger Tour jeweils zwei Titel. 1999 nahm er dank einer Wildcard erstmals im Hauptfeld eines Grand-Slam-Turniers teil. Er kam bei den French Open gegen Sargis Sargsian jedoch nicht über die erste Runde hinaus. Sein bestes Abschneiden bei einem Grand-Slam-Turnier erzielte er 2005 in Wimbledon, als er dort in die dritte Runde einziehen konnte. Er ist der bislang einzige Monegasse, wenn auch mit französischen Wurzeln, der ein Hauptrundenmatch bei einem Grand-Slam-Turnier gewinnen konnte.

Lisnard spielte ab 2007 für die monegassische Davis-Cup-Mannschaft. Bei elf Einsätzen bestritt er 24 Partien. Sowohl im Einzel mit 12:5 als auch im Doppel mit 4:3 ist seine Bilanz positiv. In die französische Davis-Cup-Mannschaft wurde er nie berufen.

Erfolge

Einzel

Turniersiege

Doppel

Turniersiege

Weblinks

Davis-Cup-Spieler (Monaco)
Tennisspieler (Frankreich)
Geboren 1979
Mann
Monegasse
Franzose

Jean-René Lisnard


ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායම 2009 ජනවාරි සහ පෙබරවාරි මාසවල පාකිස්තානයේ සංචාරය කරමින් සිටියේය. මෙම තරගමාලාව 2007 ඔක්තෝම්බර් මාසයේදී දකුණු අප්‍රිකාව සංචාරය කිරීමෙන් පසු පාකිස්තානයේ කණ්ඩායමක් සිදු කරන පළමු ටෙස්ට් සංචාරය විය. 2008 මුම්බායි ප්‍රහාරයෙන් පසු BCCI විසින් අවලංගු කරන ලද නියමිත ඉන්දීය කණ්ඩායමේ සංචාරය වෙනුවට මෙම සංචාරය සංවිධානය කරන ලදී. මෙම සංචාරයට එදිජා තරග 3ක් සහ ටෙස්ට් තරග 2ක් ඇතුළත් විය.

පාකිස්තානයේ සංචාරක ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායම්වල ආරක්‍ෂාව සම්බන්ධයෙන් දීර්ඝ කාලයක් තිස්සේ ගැටලු මතුව තිබිණි. 2002 මැයි මාසයේදී, නවසීලන්තය ඔවුන්ගේ හෝටලයෙන් පිටත මරාගෙන මැරෙන බෝම්බ ප්‍රහාරයකින් පසු පාකිස්තානයේ ඔවුන්ගේ ටෙස්ට් තරඟාවලිය අතහැර දැමීය: එතැන් සිට ඔවුන් නැවත පකිස්ථානයට පැමිණ නැත. ඔස්ට්‍රේලියාව පසුගියදා සංචාරය කිරීම ප්‍රතික්ෂේප කර තිබුණේ ආරක්‍ෂක හේතු මතයි. ශ්‍රී ලංකා කණ්ඩායමට පැමිණීමට ඒත්තු ගැන්වීම සඳහා, පාකිස්තාන රජය "ජනාධිපති පන්නයේ ආරක්ෂාවක්" ශ්‍රී ලංකා කණ්ඩායම වෙනුවෙන් සම්පාදනය කිරීමට ඉදිරිපත් විය. නමුත් ඔවුන් එය ලබා දීමට අපොහොසත් විය. ලාහෝර් හි පැවති දෙවන ටෙස්ට් තරඟය අතරතුර, ශ්‍රී ලංකා කණ්ඩායමට වෙස්මුහුණු පැලදගත් තුවක්කුකරුවන් විසින් ප්‍රහාරයක් එල්ල කරන ලදී. ත්‍රස්ත ප්‍රහාරයදී කණ්ඩායම්වල ආරක්ෂක අංශයේ සාමාජිකයින් 6 දෙනෙකු සහ තවත් සිවිල් වැසියන් දෙදෙනෙකු මිය ගියහ. කිසිදු ක්‍රිකට් ක්‍රීඩකයෙකු මිය නොගිය නමුත් ශ්‍රී ලංකා නායක මහේල ජයවර්ධන සහ ඔහුගේ උප නායක කුමාර් සංගක්කාර, අජන්ත මෙන්ඩිස්, තිලාන් සමරවීර සහ තරංග පරණවිතාන ඇතුළු පස් දෙනෙකු තුවාල ලැබූවන් ලෙස නම් කර ඇත.

2015 වසරේ සිම්බාබ්වේ කණ්ඩායම සංචාරය කරන තෙක් සංචාරක කණ්ඩායමක් පකිස්ථානයේ කළ අවසන් සංචාරය මෙය විය.

පුහුණු තරගය

එදිජා තරගමාලාව

1 වන එදිජා තරගය

2 වන එදිජා තරගය

3 වන එදිජා තරගය

ටෙස්ට් තරගමාලාව

1 වන ටෙස්ට් තරගය

2 වන ටෙස්ට් තරගය

යොමු කිරීම්

ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ ක්‍රිකට්
ක්‍රිකට්

ශ්‍රී ලංකා ක්‍රිකට් කණ්ඩායමේ පකිස්ථාන තරග සංචාරය 2009


Staza Bremgarten je bila motociklistička i automobilistička staza koja se nalazila desetak kilometara od centra Berna u Švicarskoj. Staza je bila duga 7,28 kilometara, a izgrađena je 1931. kao staza za motociklističke utrke. Osim Svjetskog prvenstva u motociklizmu, na Bremgartenu su se vozile utrke Europskog automobilističkog prvenstva, te Svjetskog automobilističkog prvenstva, danas poznatijeg kao Formula 1.

Od početka je staza Bremgarten, koja nije imala pravac, već je bila skup brzih zavoja, bila opasna za vozače. Odmah do staze su se nalazila drveća, a sama staza je često bila loše osvjetljenja, te su promjene površine ceste tvorili vrlo opasan krug, posebno po mokrom. Nakon nesreće na utrci 24 sata Le Mansa u Francuskoj 1955., Švicarska je zabranila utrkivanje u svojoj zemlji, a staza Bremgarten otišla u povijest.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Circuit Bremgarten - Stats F1

Bremgarten
Bremgarten
Formula 1 u Švicarskoj

Staza Bremgarten


Live at the Greek Theatre 2008 es un álbum en directo del músico británico Ringo Starr, publicado por la compañía discográfica Hip-O Records en julio de 2010. El álbum, publicado de forma conjunta con un DVD, fue grabado durante la décima edición de su banda All-Starr Band en el Greek Theatre de Los Ángeles (California) en julio de 2008. Junto con Liverpool 8, publicado bajo el sello Capitol Records, el álbum es uno de los pocos trabajos de Ringo publicado en una discográfica grande como Universal Music.

La décima edición de Ringo Starr & His All Starr Band contó con la participación de músicos como Edgar Winter, Billy Squier y Hamish Stuart, también presentes en la anterior edición del grupo, y con la incorporación de Gregg Bissonette, Colin Hay y Gary Wright. Al igual que en giras anteriores, el repertorio de los conciertos se dividió entre éxitos de los integrandes del grupo y canciones interpretadas por Ringo, tanto de su etapa en The Beatles como de su carrera en solitario.

Live at the Greek Theatre 2008 recoge la primera interpretación en directo de «Oh My My», una canción publicada en el álbum Ringo (1973), y del tema de John Lennon «Give Peace a Chance» como coda de «With a Little Help from My Friends», también interpretado en giras posteriores.

Lista de canciones

Personal
 Ringo Starr: voz y batería
 Billy Squier: voz, bajo y guitarra
 Colin Hay: guitarra y voz
 Edgar Winter: teclados, saxofón, percusión y voz
 Gary Wright: teclados y voz
 Hamish Stuart: bajo, guitarra y voz
 Gregg Bissonette: batería y coros

Posición en listas

Referencias

Álbumes de Ringo Starr
Álbumes de 2010

Live at the Greek Theatre 2008


Samkvæmt skýrslu Pew Research Center frá 2009 búa um 2.000 múslimar í Liechtenstein, um það bil 4,8% af almenningi (miðað við manntal frá árinu 2000). Í manntalinu 2010 voru 5,4% þjóðarinnar (1960 manns) múslimar; fjöldinn hækkaði í 5,9% í manntalinu 2015. Samkvæmt Pew Research er spáð að þessi tala haldist stöðug fram til 2030.

Mikill meirihluti múslima í Liechtenstein eru súnnítar og eru þeir aðallega frá Tyrklandi, Kosovo, Bosníu og Hersegóvínu og Norður-Makedóníu. Ekki kemur fram í manntalsskýrslum hversu stór hluti múslima hefur ríkisborgararétt frá Liechtenstein.

Árið 2006 lagði ríkið framlag upp á 20.000 Bandaríkjadali (25.000 svissneska franka) til múslimasamfélagsins.

Síðan 2001 hefur ríkisstjórnin veitt múslimasamfélaginu dvalarleyfi fyrir einn imam, auk eins skammtímadvalarleyfis fyrir imam til viðbótar á Ramadan. Ríkisstjórnin fylgir þeirri stefnu að veita ímamum vegabréfsáritanir reglulega í skiptum fyrir samþykki bæði tyrkneska félagsins og íslamska samfélagsins um að koma í veg fyrir trúarofbeldi imamanna eða útbreiðslu trúarofsatrúar.

Tengt efni
 Íslam
 Íslam í Evrópu
 Íslam á Íslandi
 Evrabía

Tilvísanir

Íslam í Evrópu

Íslam í Liechtenstein


Le 24 mars 2022 au cours du drame de Montreux, cinq Français d'une même famille tombent du balcon de leur appartement, situé dans un immeuble de la ville suisse de Montreux. L'enquête conclut à un suicide collectif minutieusement préparé, chez une famille qui baignait dans des thèses complotistes et survivalistes. Le père, la mère et sa sœur jumelle ainsi que la fille du couple décèdent sur le coup ; seul le fils adolescent survit à sa chute.

Contexte : la famille
Le père, Éric David, est âgé de . Polytechnicien, il a travaillé dans plusieurs ministères français avant de devenir salarié d'une entreprise suisse puis de s'installer à son compte.

Nasrine Feraoun, son épouse,  et qui se déplace avec une canne, est dentiste ; elle a travaillé à son compte à Vernon dans l'Eure à partir de 2008, puis en Suisse depuis 2014, mais son autorisation d'exercer lui a été retirée pour des « raisons administratives ». Sa sœur Narjisse est ophtalmologue ; formée à Nancy et à Paris, elle a été cheffe de clinique aux Hôpitaux universitaires de Genève et exerce à temps partiel à la clinique de l'œil de Sion. Elle est séparée depuis sept ans d'un Français de Lausanne avec lequel elle n'a plus de contact. Les jumelles sont d'origine nord-africaine, petites-filles de l'auteur algérien Mouloud Feraoun, assassiné en 1962 par l'OAS.

La famille réside en Suisse depuis plusieurs années, précédemment en Valais. Elle a très peu de contact avec les voisins, qui la décrivent les uns comme absente, les autres comme recluse et repliée sur elle-même et s'étonnent de ses choix vestimentaires (longues capes vertes pour les deux femmes, short pour l'homme).

Ils vivent dans un cinq pièces, doté de trois balcons avec vue sur le lac Léman, au septième étage d'un immeuble de Montreux, rue du Casino. Les enfants ne sont pas scolarisés dans la commune, et, comme sa mère, la fille n'est pas inscrite au contrôle des habitants. Une affiche sur la porte sur laquelle est écrit «  » est pointée comme une marque de religiosité forte, peut-être de dérive sectaire. Les livraisons fréquentes de colis que recevait la famille et la quantité de provisions trouvées à leur domicile évoquent le survivalisme.

Fait divers
Le jeudi , vers , deux gendarmes de la police cantonale vaudoise viennent s'annoncer à la porte de l'appartement familial « pour exécuter un mandat d'amener délivré par la préfecture en lien avec la scolarisation à domicile [de l'adolescent] ». N'obtenant pas de réponse, ils se retirent et sont avertis par un témoin oculaire que des gens ont chuté d'un balcon.

Pendant ce temps, les membres de la famille sautent successivement du balcon de leur appartement, au septième étage, dans le silence et dans un intervalle de cinq minutes. Le père de famille, son épouse, la sœur jumelle de celle-ci et la fille du couple, âgée de huit ans, meurent sur le coup, après vingt-cinq mètres de chute. Le fils, âgé de quinze ans, est hospitalisé dans un état grave : deux mois plus tard son pronostic vital n'est plus engagé mais il n'a plus de souvenir de la journée du drame.

Les quatre personnes décédées sont enterrées au cimetière de Clarens.

Enquête
Aucune trace de violence préalable n'est relevée par les enquêteurs, non plus qu'aucun signe avant coureur sur les relevés téléphoniques et informatiques de la famille. Un escabeau est trouvé sur le balcon, qui a permis aux victimes d'enjamber la rambarde. L'enquête observe que , avait  et conclut que .

Selon les premiers éléments de l'enquête, la présence d'un tiers dans l'appartement est écartée ; la piste du suicide collectif est privilégiée. Aucun lien avec des tiers, des groupes ou des mouvances extérieures n'est identifié.

Après un an d'enquête, la justice conclut à un suicide organisé à l'instigation des deux sœurs qui, « dominantes et possessives », exerçaient une forte emprise sur le reste de la famille, la maintenant dans une grande défiance envers les institutions de l'État et dans la conviction d'un monde extérieur hostile. Le passage à l'acte avait été minutieusement préparé et répété, la famille allant jusqu'à définir l'ordre dans lequel ses membres sauteraient du balcon.

Le garçon, remis de ses blessures est pris en charge par les autorités de tutelle du canton de Vaud.

Bibliographie
 Ariane Chemin, Ne réveille pas les enfants, éditions du Sous-sol, septembre 2023.

Références

Affaire judiciaire en Suisse
Suicide collectif
Survivalisme

Drame de Montreux


بروة العقارية هي شركة قطرية مساهمة مدرجة في سوق الدوحة للاوراق المالية وتعمل شركة بروة في مجال الاستثمار العقاري والمالي وتتفرع منها عدة شراكة عالمية ومحلية حيث تمتلك شركة بروة العقارية كلاً من شركة بروة الدولية وبروة لوكسمبروغ وبروة الهند وغيرها من الشركات التي تتفرع من شركة بروة التي تعتبر شركة مساهمة تمتلك الجزء الأكبر من اسهمها شركة الديار القطرية والبقية لمستثمرين افراد وشركات.

مشاريع بروة

 بروة السد
 بروة الشارع التجاري
 بروة مساكن مسيمير
 بروة مساكن السيلية
 قرية بروة
 مدينة بروة

المشاريع الخارجية

مشروع نورث رو لندن
مشروع كافنداش لندن
مشروع اوتوماري تركيا

رسالة المجموعة
منذ أن تأسست مجموعة بروة العقارية عام 2005 أصبحت واحدة من الشركات الرائدة في دولة قطر في المجالات العقارية والاستثمارية، حيث ترتكز رسالة المجموعة على المساهمة في التنمية المستدامة لدولة قطر من خلال الاستثمار في مجال الأعمال والخدمات ونقل الخبرات.

منذ نشأتها لعبت مجموعة بروة العقارية دورًا هاماً كمساهم فعال في تحقيق خطط التنمية الطموحة التي رسمها حضرة صاحب السمو الشيخ حمد بن خليفة آل ثاني، أمير البلاد المفدى، في رؤية قطر الوطنية 2030 التي تهدف إلى بناء دولة حديثة قائمة على تنويع مصادر الاقتصاد بما يفيد الأجيال القادمة.

رغم تاريخها التشغيلي القصير، تحولت مجموعة بروة العقارية من العمل في مجال العقارات، إلى مجال الأعمال الدولية  المتنوعة من خلال العديد من الاستثمارات في مجال التطوير العقاري في دولة قطر وخارجها بالمشاريع العقارية الدولية وخدمات الأعمال، إلى جانب خدمات البنية التحتية والخدمات المالية.

تحظى مجموعة بروة العقارية بسجل حافل من المشاريع المحلية المتنوعة التي يتم تنفيذها على أعلى مستوى. وبالرغم من تركز أنشطة أعمالها الرئيسية في قطر، إلا أنها تمتلك قاعدة كبيرة من الاستثمارات والعمليات التشغيلية إقليمياً ودولياً.

أصبحت مجموعة بروة العقارية في الوقت الحالي أكبر شركة عقارية في دولة قطر في مجال المشاريع العقارية التنموية، كما حققت المجموعة أصولاً بقيمة إجمالية قدرها 50,239,531 مليار ريال قطري مع نهاية عام  2012 .

روابط ذات صلة
 موقع بروة العقارية
 شركة بيتي مول العقارية
  موقع عقارات الكويت

تأسيسات سنة 2005 في قطر
شركات عقارية في قطر
شركات قابضة في قطر
شركات مقرها في الدوحة

بروة العقارية


Schizaeaceae, biljna porodica s tridesetak (38 spp.) vrsta Papratnica. Postoji više rodova, tri živa i nekoliko fosilnih. Rod je danas raširen po obje Amerike, Africi, dijelovima južne Azije i Australiji, a ime je dobila po rodu Schizaea.

Rodovi
  Schizaea J. E. Sm. (14 spp.)
 Actinostachys R. Br. ex Wall. (17 spp.)
 Microschizaea C. F. Reed (7 spp.)
 Klukiopsis S. Deng & S. Wang, 2000 †
 Mintopteris N.W. Radforth & J. Walton, 1960 †
 Mohriopsis O. Appert, 1973 †
 Norimbergia W. Gothan, 1913-1914 †
 Paralygodium A. Yoshida, H. Nishida & M. Nishida, 1997 †
 Pekinopteris R.C. Hope and O.F. Patterson, III, 1970 †
 Pelletixia J. Watson & C.R. Hill, 1982 †
 Schizaeangium D.R. Bohra & B.D. Sharma, 1979 †
 Schvedopteris N.K. Mogutcheva & G.P. Radczenko in N.K. Mogutcheva, 1973 †
 Sellingia J. Lorch, 1968 †

Sinonimi
 Microschizaea C.F. Reed sinonim za Schizaea Sm.
 Ripidium Bernh. sinonim za Schizaea Sm.
 Trochopteris Gardner sinoonim za Anemia Sw.

Izvori

Schizaeales

Schizaeaceae


Nigel Pinchley teiknimyndapersóna úr bandarísku teiknimyndaþáttunum Family Guy. Hann er írsk-amerískur (en fæddist í Mexíkó). Millinafnið Löwenbräu kom fram í þættinum Peter Peter Caviar Eater.

Family Guy

Nigel Pinchley


Florijan Mićković (Mostar, 26. travnja 1935. – Mostar, 19. veljače 2021.), akademski kipar i slikar. Živio je i djelovao kao samostalni umjetnik u Mostaru i Međugorju u Bosni i Hercegovini. Bio je član Hrvatskog društva likovnih umjetnika i Udruženja likovnih umjetnika BiH. Pripadao je Mostarskom likovnom krugu.

Životopis
Osnovnu i srednju školu završio je u rodnom Mostaru. Diplomirao je na Akademiji likovnih umjetnosti u Zagrebu u klasi Antuna Augustinčića 1962. godine. Tijekom studija posjetio je Italiju, Španjolsku, Francusku, Njemačku, Nizozemsku. U Engleskoj boravi 1987. kao stipendist fonda "Moše Pijade". Ostvario je niz samostalnih izložbi diljem svijeta. Najvažnijom je smatrao zajedničku izložbu Mostarskog likovnog kruga. Za života je izradio niz spomen poprsja, prikaza narodnih heroja, svetaca, raspela i uglednika koji su bili postavljeni u javnim ustanovama, samostanima, i na otvorenim prostorima. U ratu 1991. – 1995. je uništena ili nestala većina njegovih djela. Bavio se i pedagoškim radom te jedan od najzaslužnijih za ponovno pokretanje kolonije u Počitelju nakon rata.

Izvori

Bosanskohercegovački likovni umjetnici

Florijan Mićković


بتوراتج هي قرية لبنانية من قرى قضاء الكورة في محافظة الشمال.

أعلام
 وسام الحسن

المراجع

تقع في قضاء الكورة وتشتهر بإنتاج الزيتون والصوبون والمعكرونا

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة لبنان الشمالي
تجمعات سنية في لبنان
قرى لبنان
قضاء الكورة

بتوراتج


La Coupe du Portugal de football 1969-1970 est la  de la Coupe du Portugal de football, considéré comme le deuxième trophée national le plus important derrière le championnat.

La finale est jouée le 14 juin 1970, au stade national du Jamor, entre le Benfica Lisbonne et le Sporting Clube de Portugal. Le Benfica remporte son quatorzième trophée en battant le Sporting CP 3 à 1. Le Benfica se qualifie pour la Coupe d'Europe des vainqueurs de coupe de football 1970-1971.

Finale

Voir aussi
 Championnat du Portugal de football 1969-1970

1969-1970
Portugal
Sport au Portugal en 1969
Sport au Portugal en 1970

Coupe du Portugal de football 1969-1970


Studio Frendo, hrvatski glazbeni sastav iz Splita.

Povijest
Godine 2007. objavili su pod etiketom izdavačke kuće Menart svoj prvi album Di si stavila banane? na kojem je deset pjesama. Skladba Mali dućan je prvi singl. Od 2011. godine bila je dvogodišnja stanka. Nakon dvije godine ušli su u studio u bitno izmijenjenom sastavu. Nova je članica Sara Brodarić koja sa Srđanom Šegvićem čini novu okosnicu sastava. Pod etiketom Croatia recordsa objavili su dvije pjesme uz službeni spot - Misec i Pipi, 2013. godine. Produkciju Miseca je napravio Željko Brodarić Jappa, suautori pjesme su Mišo Komenda i Vojin Hraste (obojica iz splitskog sastava Leut Magnetik). Za novi album tu je još nekoliko pjesama nastalih kao plod suradnje s djevojkama iz grupe Leut Magnetik. Snimljeni su i spotovi za pjesme Misec i Pipi (na guc), koje je režirao u suradnji s članovima benda, montirao i postproducirao Milan Latković, a snimatelj je bio Rino Barbir. 2017. izbacili su pjesmu Palme na kojoj u ulozi pjevača gostuje Branko Dragičević, iz dvojca popularnog pod imenom Valentino Bošković. 2018. izašao je i 10-minutni audiobook Ne čujem te stari. U pripremi im je 200-njak pjesama.

Diskografija
 Di si stavila banane?, studijski album, Menart, 2007.

Članovi
Članovi su dosad bili:
 Srđan Šegvić
 Mile Šegvić
 Pavle Dulčić
 Mario Perković
 Sara Brodarić
 Mišo Komenda

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Facebook
Discogs
YouTube

Splitski glazbeni sastavi

Studio Frendo


Schönmühle ist ein Gemeindeteil der Stadt Feuchtwangen im Landkreis Ansbach (Mittelfranken, Bayern).

Geografie
Die Einöde liegt am rechten Ufer des Schönbachs, einem linken Zufluss der Sulzach. Südlich des Ortes erhebt sich der Schönberg. Eine Gemeindeverbindungsstraße führt nach Metzlesberg (0,6 km östlich) bzw. nach Sankt Ulrich (0,4 km nordwestlich).

Geschichte
Am 23. April 1388 verkaufte der Dinkelsbühler Bürger Heinrich Stumpfheinz an Heinrich Herbert die Schönmuhle mit zugehörigem Weiher, Wiesen und Äckern für 1100 Pfund Heller.

Schönmühle lag im Fraischbezirk des ansbachischen Oberamtes Feuchtwangen. Die Mahl- und Schneidmühle hatte das Stiftsverwalteramt Feuchtwangen als Grundherrn. An diesen Verhältnissen änderte sich bis zum Ende des Alten Reiches nichts. Von 1797 bis 1808 unterstand der Ort dem Justiz- und Kammeramt Feuchtwangen.

Mit dem Gemeindeedikt (frühes 19. Jahrhundert) wurde Schönmühle dem Steuerdistrikt Heilbronn und der Ruralgemeinde Krapfenau zugeordnet. Im Zuge der Gebietsreform wurde Schönmühle am 1. Juli 1971 nach Feuchtwangen eingemeindet.

Einwohnerentwicklung

Religion
Der Ort ist seit der Reformation evangelisch-lutherisch geprägt und nach St. Johannis (Feuchtwangen) gepfarrt. Die Einwohner römisch-katholischer Konfession sind nach St. Ulrich und Afra (Feuchtwangen) gepfarrt.

Literatur

Weblinks

Fußnoten

Geographie (Feuchtwangen)
Ort im Landkreis Ansbach
Einzelsiedlung
Ersterwähnung 1388

Schönmühle (Feuchtwangen)


Vila Formosa est un district situé dans la zone est de la ville de São Paulo et appartient à la sous-préfecture d'Aricanduva.

Histoire
Fondée en 1923, Vila Formosa faisait avant cette année partie intégrante de Carrão, la famille Casa Grande possédait pratiquement toute la région qui appartenait plus tard aux frères Jacob, d'origine libanaise. C'est Miguel Jacob qui, déjà en 1920, donna le nom de Formosa à cette bande de la capitale, inspiré de l'ancien nom de la ville côtière d'Ilhabela.

Formation
Il était prévu d'avoir une urbanisation de haut niveau par Companhia Melhoramento do Brás, similaire à d'autres quartiers prospères de la capitale de São Paulo, comme Jardim América, mais l'installation d'une décharge sanitaire entre les années 1940 et 1950 ; qui deviendra plus tard le quartier Jardim Anália Franco ; ralenti ce processus.

C'est actuellement l'un des quartiers les plus arborisés de la ville, avec plus d'une centaine de places. avec une population de classe moyenne, plutôt de classe moyenne supérieure dans les environs de Tatuapé et de classe moyenne inférieure dans les environs de Sapopemba. C'était autrefois un important centre industriel de São Paulo, et certains des entrepôts désaffectés ont cédé la place à des centres résidentiels haut de gamme.

Il abrite le Centre sportif, récréatif et éducatif du travailleur (CERET), qui est l'un des plus grands parcs de la ville avec environ 286 000 m². populairement et historiquement, le cimetière de Vila Formosa se trouve également dans le quartier, mais selon la nouvelle division des districts de la municipalité de São Paulo, établie en 1992, il se trouve dans toute son extension dans le district voisin de Carrão ; c'est le plus grand cimetière d'Amérique latine, avec environ 780 000 mètres carrés.

Actualité
Aujourd'hui, Vila Formosa est l'un des principaux districts avec une valorisation extrêmement positive à la ville de São Paulo. Il possède un centre commercial qui est l'icône commerciale du quartier, Shopping Anália Franco ; c'est le huitième plus grand centre commercial du Brésil en termes de superficie bâtie; et aussi l'un des plus grands de São Paulo.

Même avec des bâtiments anciens comme à la rue Dom Estevão Pimentel Quintas de Portugal, il est entouré de bâtiments dotés d'infrastructures modernes.

Le profil du district est à caractère mixte, c'est-à-dire résidentiel et commercial. Il a des maisons de bas, moyen et haut standing, le plus constant étant le moyen standing. La verticalisation se compose de bâtiments de moyenne et haute gamme et est présente dans les quartiers Jardim Anália Franco, Vila Antonina, Jardim Têxtil et Vila Formosa.

Quartiers
Vila Formosa est divisée en quatorze quartiers.

 Capão do Embira
 Chácara Belenzinho
 Jardim Anália Franco
 Jardim Iara
 Jardim Têxtil (partie)
 Parque Cruzeiro do Sul
 Vila Antonina
 Vila Araci
 Vila Cruzeiro
 Vila Formosa
 Vila Guarani
 Vila Mafra
 Vila Matias
 Vila Olinda

Infrastructure

Transports
Aujourd'hui, le quartier ne compte aucune station de métro. Il est situé à exactement 4 km de distance de la Praça Doutor Sampaio Vidal, (une référence importante dans le district), la station Carrão dans le district voisin, Tatuapé.

Depuis janvier 2020, le gouverneur João Dória a signé l'ordre de service pour la mise en œuvre du projet d'extension de la ligne 2 – Verte, qui comptera 8 stations supplémentaires du métro de São Paulo, à savoir : Orfanato, Santa Clara, Anália Franco, Vila Formosa, Santa Isabel, Guilherme Giorgi, Aricanduva et Penha - dans lesquelles il se connectera à la ligne 3 – Rouge et à la ligne 2 – Verte. Jusqu'en 2025, trois stations passeront dans le quartier : Anália Franco, Vila Formosa et Santa Isabel. Lorsque ces nouvelles stations arriveront à Vila Formosa, il y aura certainement un boom immobilier dans la région qui deviendra encore plus verticalisée.

Le quartier est également largement desservi par les lignes de bus de la SPTrans, sur presque toute sa longueur on les trouve le plus souvent sur l'avenue Regente Feijó, l'avenue Doutor Eduardo Cotching et l'avenue João XVIII. Les destinations communes pour les lignes du district sont des stations telles que Tatuapé, Belém et Carrão.

Voir aussi
 Archidiocèse de São Paulo
 Liste des districts de São Paulo

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Page officielle de la sous-préfecture d'Aricanduva/Vila Formosa/Carrão

District à São Paulo

Vila Formosa (São Paulo)


An Thysanolaena latifolia in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni William Roxburgh ngan Jens Wilken Hornemann, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Masaji Masazi Honda. An Thysanolaena latifolia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Thysanolaena, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Thysanolaena

Thysanolaena latifolia


An Epidendrum kusibabii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Szlach., Kulak, Rutk. ngan Marg.. An Epidendrum kusibabii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epidendrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Epidendrum

Epidendrum kusibabii


Le référendum constitutionnel nigérien de 1958 a lieu le  afin de permettre à la population de se prononcer sur la constitution de 1958 visant notamment à faire du Niger un pays membre de la Communauté française.

Le projet soumis à référendum reçoit une large majorité des suffrages.

Résultat

Notes et références

Référendum au Niger
Référendum en 1958
1958 au Niger
Septembre 1958

Référendum constitutionnel français de 1958 au Niger


بيل للمروحيات هي شركة أمريكية متخصصة في صناعة الطائرات المروحية، يقع مقر الشركة في فورت وورث، تكساس.
بيل للمروحيات قسم من شركة تيكسترون، تصنع بيل المروحيات العسكرية في فورت وورث وآماريلو، تكساس. بينما تصنع المروحيات التجارية في ميرابيل بمقاطعة كيبيك الكندية.

تاريخ الشركة
قام لورانس بيل بتأسيس الشركة في العاشر من يوليو 1935 في بوفالو، نيويورك تحت مسمى شركة بيل للطائرات. ركزت الشركة في بدايتها على الطائرات المقاتلة، أول مقاتلة تم إنتاجها هي مقاتلة ذات محركين تستخدم لاستهداف مفجري القنابل. بيل صنعت أيضا أول طائرة أمريكية نفاثة بى-59. طائرة إكس-1 كانت الطائرة الأولى التي تخترق حاجز الصوت.

منتجات الشركة
المجال المدني
 بيل 47
 بيل 204/205
 بيل 206
 بيل 210
 بيل 212
 بيل 214
 بيل 214 إس تي
 بيل 222
 بيل 230
 بيل 407
 بيل 400
 بيل 412
 بيل 417
 بيل 427
 بيل 430

انظر أيضاً
 بيل للطائرات
 سيكورسكي للطائرات

مراجع

تأسيسات سنة 1935 في ولاية نيويورك
تيكسترون
شركات أسست في 1935
شركات تصنيع مركبات أسست في 1935
شركات تصنيع مقرها في فورت وورث (تكساس)
شركات دفاع الولايات المتحدة
شركات صناعة المروحيات
مصنعو طائرات مروحية في الولايات المتحدة
عمليات الدمج والاستحواذ 1960

بيل للمروحيات


بكى يسوع  اية مشهورة لأنها أقصر آية في الاناجيل توجد في إنجيل يوحنا اصحاح 11 آية 35.

مراجع

أقوال يسوع
إنجيل يوحنا
فصول الإنجيل
كلمات وعبارات من العهد الجديد
يسوع

بكى يسوع


Cette page concerne les évènements survenus en 1962 au Vatican  :

Évènement
  : Ouverture du  concile œcuménique du Vatican, également appelé concile Vatican II.

Notes et références

Année au Vatican

1962 au Vatican