The Yellow Line is a rapid transit line of the Washington Metro system that runs between  in Virginia and  in Washington, D.C. It consists of 13 stations in Fairfax County, Alexandria County, and Arlington County in Virginia, as well as Washington, D.C. It is the shortest line in the system, and since its truncation to Mount Vernon Square, it is the only line that does not enter Maryland.

The Yellow Line shares track with the Blue Line between  and  and the Green Line between  and Mount Vernon Square. It has only two stations that are not shared by any other lines (Huntington and ) and only two sections of track that are not shared by any other lines – the section south of King Street–Old Town and the section between  and , crossing the Potomac River.

History
Planning for Metro began with the Mass Transportation Survey in 1955, which attempted to forecast freeway and mass transit systems sufficient to meet the region's needs projected for 1980. In 1959, the study's final report included two rapid transit lines that anticipated downtown Washington subways. Because the plan called for extensive freeway construction within the District of Columbia, alarmed residents lobbied for federal legislation creating a regional transportation agency with a moratorium on freeway construction through July 1, 1962. The new agency, the National Capital Transportation Administration, issued a 1962 Transportation in the National Capital Region report, which did not include the route that became the Yellow Line. A central route under 7th Street in downtown was only added in 1967 primarily to serve the "inner city". In March 1968, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) board approved its  Adopted Regional System (ARS), which included the Yellow Line from Franconia and Backlick Road (in Springfield) to Greenbelt.

While a cut-and-fill tunnel for Yellow Line was built under 7th Street and U Street, street traffic and pedestrian access were difficult. The result was the loss of the traditional retail businesses along the route. The downtown segment of the line was originally projected to open in September 1977. Obtaining approval of the District of Columbia and Prince Georges' County of the exact alignment of the Yellow Line north of U Street delayed construction. Originally, the ARS called for the line to be placed in the median strip of the planned North Central Freeway,. Still, after that road was canceled, the route of the replacement subway tunnel became controversial, resulting in years of expensive delays.

Service on the Yellow Line began on April 30, 1983, adding  to the system and linking the two already-built stations of  and  with a bridge across the Potomac River. It was extended beyond  by four stations to  on December 17, 1983, the first station outside the Capital Beltway. When the Green Line link to  opened on May 11, 1991, it acted as an extension of the Yellow Line until the southern Green Line branch was completed. When Green Line service began, the Yellow Line was truncated at , where a pocket track exists to relay trains.

The Yellow Line was initially planned to follow a slightly different route in Virginia. The plan would have sent Yellow Line trains to , with Blue Line trains serving Huntington. This was changed due to a shortage of rail cars at the time of the completion of the line to Huntington. Because fewer rail cars were required to operate Yellow Line service than would be required to run Blue Line service out to Huntington, the line designations were switched due to the Yellow Line's shorter route. From 1999 to 2008, the Yellow Line operated to Franconia–Springfield on July 4, as part of Metro's special service pattern on that day.

In 1998, Congress changed the name of the Washington National Airport station to Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, with the law specifying that no money be spent to implement the name change. As a result, WMATA did not change the name of the National Airport station (which never included the full name of the airport). In response to repeated inquiries from Republican congressmen that the station be renamed, WMATA stated that stations are renamed only at the request of the local jurisdiction. Because Democrats controlled both Arlington County and the District of Columbia, the name change was blocked. Finally, in 2001, Congress made changing the station's name a condition of further federal funding.

In May 2018, Metro announced an extensive renovation of platforms at twenty stations across the system. To accommodate these platform reconstructions, the Blue and Yellow Lines south of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport would be closed from May 25 to September 8, 2019, in the longest line closure in Metro's history. As a result, all Yellow and Blue line services terminated at Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport during the closure.

From March 26, 2020, until June 28, 2020, trains were bypassing , , , and  stations due to the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. All stations were reopened beginning on June 28, 2020.

Between February 13 and May 13, 2021, additional Yellow Line trains began operating between Mount Vernon Square and  at all times, replacing the Blue Line due to it being suspended because of platform reconstruction at  and .

Between May 29 and September 6, 2021, all Yellow Line trains terminated at  due to the platform improvement project, which closed stations north of . Shuttle buses were provided to the closed stations while Green Line service replaced service between Mount Vernon Square and Fort Totten.

On June 15, 2022, WMATA announced that all Yellow Line trains will be suspended from September 10, 2022, to May 7, 2023, to tie in the completion of Potomac Yard station and to rehab the 14th Street Bridge the Yellow Line operates over. Service will be replaced by additional Green Line trains, as well as Blue Line trains that will operate between  and  stations. On April 4, 2023, WMATA announced they will re-open the Yellow Line on May 7, 2023. The Yellow Line reopened on May 7, 2023, with its northeastern terminus cut back from  to .

On November 16, 1995, WMATA and the developer of the Potomac Yard area of Alexandria, Virginia, signed an agreement to construct a new station between Braddock Road and National Airport that the developer will finance. The Federal Transit Administration, in cooperation with WMATA, the National Park Service and The City of Alexandria government, completed an environmental impact statement for the project in June 2016. The station opened on May 19, 2023.

Extensions

In 2006, Metro board member Jim Graham and D.C. Mayor Anthony A. Williams proposed re-extending Yellow Line service to  or even to . Their proposal did not involve constructing any new track because either extension would run along the same route as the existing Green Line, thus relieving crowding on that line and would require fewer switches to maintain making operations easier. Suburban members of the board initially resisted the proposal. Through a compromise that also increased service on the Red Line, on April 20, 2006, the WMATA board approved a Yellow Line extension to the Fort Totten station during off-peak hours. An 18-month pilot program began on December 31, 2006, at a cost of $5.75 million to the District of Columbia. On June 26, 2008, due to the success of the 18-month trial, the Yellow Line was permanently extended to operate up to the Fort Totten Metro Station at all other times other than during weekday rush hour/peak commuter periods.
As part of the Rush Plus initiative trial, additional Yellow Line trains began running between Greenbelt and Franconia-Springfield starting June 18, 2012; these trains were discontinued on June 25, 2017, due to budget cuts. From May 25, 2019, to September 10, 2022, the Yellow Line returned to Greenbelt, this time serving the station at all hours. On May 7, 2023, Yellow Line trains were shortened to Mount Vernon Square at all times being replaced by additional Green Line trains.

Route

The southern terminus of the Yellow Line is adjacent to Kings Highway (Virginia State Route 241) in Fairfax County, Virginia. The line heads northeast on a bridge over Hunting Creek and the Capital Beltway to a station just south of Eisenhower Avenue, which serves several government office buildings, including the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The Yellow Line then merges with the Blue Line and follows the right-of-way of the RF&P Railroad through the City of Alexandria. The line enters a short tunnel under U.S. Route 1. After crossing a bridge over Four Mile Run, the line enters Arlington County on an elevated structure above the National Airport parking lots. At the north end of the airport, the Yellow Line enters a tunnel under 18th Street South and South Hayes Street in Crystal City. The tunnel continues along the southwest face of the Pentagon which is a 2-level station to facilitate a fork with the Blue Line. After the Pentagon station, the Yellow Line emerges from its tunnel east of the Pentagon and crosses the Charles R. Fenwick Bridge over the George Washington Memorial Parkway, the Potomac River, and Ohio Drive. At the end of the bridge, the Yellow Line re-enters a tunnel near the Jefferson Memorial and crosses under the Washington Channel. The tunnel merges with the Green Line tunnel under 7th Street Southwest just south of the L'Enfant Plaza. The joint Yellow—Green Line tunnel continues north through downtown Washington under 7th Street, turns west under Florida Avenue and U Street, and then north under 14th Street Northwest. The tunnel then turns toward the northeast under Park Road and New Hampshire Avenue.  The tunnel then bends eastward under Rock Creek Cemetery and Fort Totten Park to emerge just before entering the lower level of the Fort Totten station. Until May 2019, this was the northern terminal for Yellow Line service, with the track continuing northeast as just the Green Line to the Greenbelt terminus. Between May 2019 and September 2022, the Yellow Line continued along these tracks to Greenbelt.

Internally, the Yellow Line in Virginia was called the "Huntington Route" (C) and the route through the District of Columbia and beyond to Greenbelt as the "Greenbelt Route" (E). As of March 2018, all Yellow Line trains are required only to run 8-car trains.

Stations
The following stations are along the line, from south to north.

Future
A second improvement project involves building a pedestrian tunnel to interconnect the Gallery Place station with Metro Center. A July 2005 study proposed connecting the eastern mezzanine of Metro Center with the western mezzanine of Gallery Place that are only one block apart. The proposed connection would reduce the number of passengers that use the Red Line to transfer between the Yellow Line and the Blue and Orange lines at Metro Center. As of 2011, the project remained unfunded.

See also

 List of Washington Metro stations

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 world.nycsubway.org: Yellow Line

Washington
Railway lines opened in 1983
1983 establishments in Virginia

Yellow Line (Washington Metro)


Hnébeygja er styrktaræfing þar sem iðkandi beygir hné og mjaðmir úr standandi stöðu og réttir svo úr sér aftur.

Hnébeygja er talin mikilvæg æfing til að auka styrk og stærð líkamsvöðva. Helstu gerandavöðvar sem virkjast við framkvæmd hnébeygju eru fjórhöfðavöðvi (samheiti fjögurra vöðva í framhólfi læris; beins lærvöðva og miðlægs, hliðlægs og millivíðfaðmavöðva), stór aðfærsluvöðvi og stærsti þjóvöðvi. Einnig eru notaðir réttivöðvi hryggjar og kviðvöðvar ásamt öðrum.

Tilvísanir

Kraftlyftingar
Hreyfing
Líkamsrækt

Hnébeygja


Olaylar
 1823 - Şili'de kölelik yasaklandı.
 1847 - Salt Lake City, İsa Mesih'in Son Zaman Azizler Kilisesi peygamberlerinden Brigham Young öncülüğünde kurulmaya başlandı.
 1866 - Tennessee, Amerikan İç Savaşı sonrasında birliğe tekrar kabul edilen ilk eyalet oldu.
 1901 - Yazar O. Henry, zimmet suçundan Austin, Texas'ta üç yıl kaldığı hapishaneden iyi hal nedeniyle salıverildi.
 1908 - II. Meşrutiyet'in ilanı: 29 yıldır askıda olan Osmanlı Anayasası yeniden yürürlüğe girdi.
 1911 - Hiram Bingham III, Machu Picchu'yu (İnka'ların kayıp şehri) yeniden keşfetti.
 1915 - Chicago'da yolcu gemisi battı; 845 kişi öldü.
 1923 - Günümüz Türkiye'sinin sınırlarını büyük oranda çizildiği Lozan Antlaşmasının imzalatılması.
 1931 - Pittsburgh'da (Pensilvanya) yaşlılar evinde çıkan yangında 48 kişi öldü.
 1936 - İspanya Hükûmeti, iç savaş nedeniyle dünyadan yardım istedi.
 1943 - II. Dünya Savaşı: İngiliz ve Kanada uçakları geceleri, ABD uçakları ise gündüzleri Hamburg'u bombaladı. Kasım'da operasyon bittiğinde; 9.000 ton patlayıcı kullanılmış, 30.000 den fazla insan ölmüş ve 280.000 bina yıkılmış olacaktı.
 1944 - II. Dünya Savaşı: Pasifik Cephesi'nde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Japon İmparatorluğu arasında Tinian Muharebesi başladı.
 1950 - Gazeteciler Cemiyeti, sansürün kaldırılışını Basın Bayramı ilan etti.
 1952 - Merzifon ve Akşehir'de sel: 77 ev yıkıldı, 500 büyükbaş hayvan öldü ve tarım alanları sular altında kaldı.
 1955 - Ekrem Koçak, 800 metrede Akdeniz Oyunları rekoru kırarak birinci oldu.
 1958 - Türkiye'nin Kıbrıs'a asker gönderme önerisini, Birleşik Krallık reddetti.
 1959 - Irak'ın Kerkük şehrinde, 1000 kadar Türkmeni'nin katledildiği açıklandı.
 1960 - Basın Ahlak Yasası imzalandı.
 1963 - Sendikalar Kanunu ile Toplu İş Sözleşmesi, Grev ve Lokavt Kanunu çıktı.
 1967 - 11 Mayıs'ta greve giden ve haklarını almak için Ankara'ya yürüyüşe geçen Manisalı 90 temizlik işçisi, 930 kilometre kat ederek Ankara'ya vardı.
 1967 - Dokunulmazlığı kaldırılan Türkiye İşçi Partisi İstanbul Milletvekili Çetin Altan, kararın iptali istemiyle Anayasa Mahkemesi'ne başvurdu.
 1968 - Polisin İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Yurdu'nu bastığı sırada dövdüğü gençlerden Hukuk Fakültesi öğrencisi Vedat Demircioğlu, sekiz gün komada kaldıktan sonra öldü.
 1974 - Yunanistan'da yedi yıldır süren cunta yönetimi sona erdi; sürgündeki Konstantin Karamanlis, Hükûmeti kurmak üzere geri döndü.
 1977 - Dört gün süren Libya-Mısır savaşı sona erdi.
 1986 - Kartal, İstanbul'da tren kazası: 9 ölü, 18 yaralı.
 2016 - Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi, Taksim Mitingi'ni düzenledi.
 2020 - Ayasofya Müzesi, Ayasofya Camii Olarak 86 yıl sonra tekrar açıldı.

Doğumlar
 1242 - Stommeln'li Christina, bir Alman mistikti (ö. 1312)
 1689 - William, Prenses Anne ve eşi Danimarka'dan Prens George'un oğlu (ö. 1700)
 1783 - Simón Bolívar, Güney Amerikalı devrimci lider (ö. 1830)
 1802 - Alexandre Dumas, père, Fransız yazar (ö. 1870)
 1803 - Adolphe Adam, Fransız besteci (ö. 1856)
 1827 - Francisco Solano López, Carlos Antonio Lopez'in büyük oğlu (ö. 1870)
 1854 - Konstantin Josef Jireček, Çek tarihçi, diplomat ve Slavist (ö. 1918)
 1855 - René Basset, Fransız şarkiyatçı (ö. 1924)
 1857 - Henrik Pontoppidan, Danimarkalı yazar ve Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü sahibi (ö. 1943)
 1860 - Alphonse Mucha, Çek ressam ve grafik sanatçısı (ö. 1939)
 1864 - Juan Vicente Gómez, Venezuela diktatörü (1908-1935 arasında) (ö. 1935)
 1892 - Alice Ball, Amerikalı kimyager (ö. 1916)
 1897 - Amelia Earhart, Amerikalı havacı ve yazar (ö. 1938)
 1920 - Tamar Eshel, İsrailli diplomat ve siyasetçi (ö. 2022)
 1922 - Namık Kemal Şentürk, Türk devlet adamı, bürokrat ve siyasetçi (ö. 2020)
 1925 - Hulki Saner, Türk senarist, yönetmen ve film yapımcısı (ö. 2005)
 1929 - Gülriz Sururi, Türk tiyatro oyuncusu (ö. 2018)
 1931 - Ermanno Olmi, İtalyan yönetmen (ö. 2018)
 1932 - Yıldız Moran, Türk fotoğrafçı, sözlük yazarı ve çevirmen (ö. 1995)
 1936 - Dan Inosanto, Amerikalı dövüş sanatları hocası ve Bruce Lee'nin öğrencisi
 1938 - José Altafini, İtalyan futbolcu
 1939 - Walt Bellamy, Amerikalı basketbolcu (ö. 2013)
 1940 - Ertuğrul Işınbark (Mandrake), Türk illüzyonist (ö. 2014)
 1948 - Gene Zwozdesky, Kanadalı siyasetçi (ö. 2019)
 1950 - Fehmi Koru, Türk gazeteci ve yazar
 1952 - Gus Van Sant, Amerikalı yönetmen ve müzisyen
 1954 - Erdoğan Arıca, Türk futbolcu ve teknik direktör (ö. 2012)
 1954 - Jorge Jesus, Portekizli futbolcu ve teknik direktör
 1956 - Mehmet Ali Aydınlar, Türk iş insanı ve Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu'nun Başkanlarından
 1957 - Şevket Mirziyoyev, Özbek siyasetçi ve Özbekistan'ın 2. Devlet Başkanı
 1961 - Jale Bekar, Türk pop müzik şarkıcısı
 1963 - Karl Malone, Amerikalı basketbolcu
 1965 - Süleyman Nevzat Korkmaz, Türk siyasetçi
 1969 - Jennifer Lopez, Ameriklı oyuncu, şarkıcı, dansçı ve moda tasarımcısı
 1969 - Uzay Heparı, Türk besteci ve yapımcı (ö. 1994)
 1972 - Burak Şendağ, Türk tango bestecisi, bandoneonist ve piyanist
 1973 - Evren Duyal, Türk tiyatro ve sinema oyuncusu
 1975 - Eric Szmanda, Amerikalı sinema oyuncusu
 1975 - Torrie Wilson, Amerikalı model ve güreşçi
 1976 - Tiago Monteiro, Portekizli Formula 1 pilotu
 1977 - Mehdi Mahdavikia, İranlı futbolcu
 1977 - Serkan Kaya, Türk şarkıcı, besteci ve söz yazarı
 1978 - Madeline Miller, Amerikalı romancı
 1979 - Cristian Rodrigo Zurita, Arjantinli futbolcu
 1979 - Rose Byrne, Avustralyalı oyuncu
 1981 - Nayib Bukele, Salvadorlu siyasetçi ve iş insanı
 1981 - Onur Şan, Türk şarkıcı
 1981 - Summer Glau, Amerikalı dansçı, sinema ve dizi oyuncusu
 1982 - Elisabeth Moss, Amerikalı oyuncu
 1982 - Anna Paquin, Kanadalı oyuncu ve Akademi Ödülü sahibi
 1982 - Vyacheslav Krendelev, Türkmen futbolcu
 1983 - Daniele De Rossi, İtalyan futbolcu
 1984 - Debby Stam, Hollandalı voleybolcu
 1985 - Aries Merritt, Amerikalı atlet
 1986 - Vügar Haşimov, Azeri satranç oyuncusu (ö. 2014)
 1987 - Merve Sevi, Türk oyuncu
 1989 - Eko Yuli Irawan, Endonezyalı halterci
 1991 - Emily Bett Rickards, Kanadalı oyuncu
 1992 - Mikaël Kingsbury, Kanadalı serbest stil kayakçı
 1994 - Bright Edomwonyi, Nijeryalı futbolcu
 1995 - Kyle Kuzma, Amerikalı profesyonel basketbolcu
 1996 - Fırat Alemdaroğlu, Türk basketbolcu
 1997 - Emre Mor, Türk futbolcu

Ölümler
 946 - Muhammed bin Toğaç, kendisi Fergana'dan gelmiş İhşidi hanedanı kurucusu (d. 882)
 1129 - Shirakawa, Japonya'nın geleneksel veraset düzenine göre 72. imparatoru (d. 1053)
 1862 - Martin Van Buren, ABD'nin 8. Başkanı (d. 1782)
 1885 - Baldwin Martin Kittel, Alman bitki bilimci (d. 1797)
 1927 - Ryunosuke Akutagava, Japon yazar (d. 1892)
 1930 - Šatrijos Ragana, Litvan hümanist yazar ve eğitimci (d. 1877)
 1941 - Afife Jale, ilk Türk kadın tiyatro oyuncusu (d. 1902)
 1957 - Sacha Guitry, Fransız aktör, yönetmen ve senarist (d. 1885)
 1959 - Abdullah Şaik, Azeri yazar, şair ve öğretmen (d. 1881)
 1968 - Vedat Demircioğlu, Türk devrimci (İTÜ öğrencisi ve Türkiye'de 68 Kuşağının ölen ilk ismi) (d. 1943)
 1974 - James Chadwick, İngiliz fizikçi ve Nobel Fizik Ödülü sahibi (d. 1891)
 1980 - Peter Sellers, İngiliz aktör (d. 1925)
 1984 - Jose Mauro de Vasconcelos, Brezilyalı yazar (d. 1920)
 1986 - Fritz Albert Lipmann, Alman asıllı Amerikalı biyokimyacı ve Nobel Fizyoloji veya Tıp Ödülü sahibi (d. 1899)
 1988 - Ilona Elek, Macar eskrimci (d. 1907)
 1990 - Agah Hün, Türk tiyatro ve sinema oyuncusu (d. 1918)
 1991 - Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polonya asıllı Amerikalı yazar ve Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü sahibi (d. 1904)
 1992 - Arletty, Fransız oyuncu ve şarkıcı (d. 1898)
 1995 - Sadık Ahmet, Batı Trakyalı Türk tıp doktoru ve siyasetçi (Batı Trakya Türkleri'nin hakları için verdiği mücadele ile tanınan) (d. 1947)
 2002 - Adnan Yücel, Türk şair (d. 1953)
 2004 - Bob Azzam, Lübnan asıllı Mısır doğumlu Fransız şarkıcı (d. 1925)
 2007 - Albert Ellis, Amerikalı psikoterapist (d. 1913)
 2010 - Theo Albrecht, Alman girişimci (d. 1922)
 2011 - Didem Madak, Türk şair (d. 1970)
 2011 - G. D. Spradlin, Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1920)
 2012 - Nevin Çokay, Türk ressam (d. 1930)
 2012 - Chad Everett, Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1937)
 2012 - Sherman Hemsley, Amerikalı şarkıcı, oyuncu ve komedyen (d. 1938)
 2012 - John Atta Mills, Gana Dördüncü Cumhuriyeti'nin üçüncü devlet başkanı (d. 1944)
 2013 - Muhammed El-Brahmi, Tunuslu muhalif siyasetçi (d. 1955)
 2013 - Garry Davis, Amerikan aktivist (d. 1921)
 2016 - Marni Nixon, Amerikalı kadın soprano, oyuncu ve şarkıcı (d. 1930)
 2017 - Luis Gimeno, Uruguay doğumlu Meksikalı aktör (d. 1927)
 2017 - Udupi Ramachandra Rao, Hint bilim insanı (d. 1932)
 2019 - Claes Andersson, İsveççe konuşan Fin siyasetçi aynı zamanda psikiyatrist, yazar, şair ve caz müzisyeni (d. 1937)
 2019 - Günay Tuncel, Türk organizatör ve işletmeci (d. 1940)
 2019 - Margaret Fulton, İskoçya doğumlu Avustralyalı-Britanyalı gurme, yemek şefi, yazar, yorumcu ve gazeteci (d. 1924)
 2019 - Sergio Di Giulio, İtalyan aktör ve seslendirme sanatçısı (d. 1945)
 2020 - Nina Andreyeva, Rus kimyager, eğitimci, yazar, siyasi aktivist eleştirmen (d. 1938)
 2020 - Benjamin Mkapa, Tanzanyalı gazeteci, diplomat ve siyasetçi (d. 1938)
 2020 - Amala Shankar, Hint kadın dansçı, aktris ve sanatçı (d. 1919)
 2021 - Rodney Alcala, Amerikalı hükümlü tecavüzcü ve seri katildir (d. 1943)
 2021 - Dieter Brummer, Avustralyalı aktör (d. 1976)
 2021 - Herbert Köfer, Alman aktör ve televizyon sunucusu (d. 1921)
 2021 - Jackie Mason, Amerikalı stand-up komedyeni ve aktör (d. 1928)
 2021 - Romeu, İspanyol çizgi roman sanatçısı (d. 1948)
 2022 - Alain David, Fransız atlettir (d. 1932)
 2022 - Tamar Eshel, İsrailli diplomat ve siyasetçi (d. 1920)
 2022 - David Warner, İngiliz aktör (d. 1941)

Tatiller ve özel günler
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24 Temmuz


Gulbuget murmeldyr (latin: Marmota flaviventris) er en art af murmeldyr, som er udbredt på steppe- og klippeområder  i det vestlige USA og sydvestlige Canada.

Beskrivelse
Det gulbugede murmeldyr vejer normalt som fuldt udvokset mellem 1,6 og 5,2 kg, idet hannerne typisk vejer mere end hunnerne (3-5 kg mod 1,6-4 kg). Det vejer mest i sensommeren, lige inden det går i dvale. Det har brun pels med en hvid stribe mellem øjnene, rødbrun hale og gul bug, hvilket har givet det navn. Ørerne er små og runde, og det har en kort, hvid snude med en sort næse.

Udbredelse og habitat
Man finder især de gulbugede murmeldyr i områder som Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada og Mount Rainier i Washington. Ud over på steppe og klipper kan man træffe dem i udkanten af løvfældende eller nåletræsskove, typisk i omkring 2000 m højde.

De opholder sig i territorier på 2-3 hektar omkring et antal jordhuler til sommerbrug. Hulerne graves især under klipper, idet de i så fald er sværere at få øje på for deres fjender. Blandt de dyr, der æder de gulbugede murmeldyr, er ræve, ulve, prærieulve, vaskebjørne, hunde og ørne. Når et gulbuget murmeldyr ser en fjende, udstøder det en fløjtende lyd, hvorved det advarer andre murmeldyr i området, hvorpå det som oftest vil søge tilflugt bag klipper eller lignende.

Levevis

De gulbugede murmeldyr kan leve op til femten år og er kønsmodne som toårigt. De holder til i kolonier på mellem ti og tyve individer. Hvert hanmurmeldyr graver en hule, når det er vågnet op efter dvalen, hvorpå han begynder at lede efter hunner. Når det bliver sommer, kan en enkelt han have op til fire hunner. Ungerne fødes i kuld på tre-fem for hver hun. Kun halvdelen af ungerne overlever det første år. Parringen sker i et "harem"-system, hvor hannen befrugter to-tre af sine hunner samtidig. De unge hunner vil typisk blive i eller nær det område, hvor de er født, mens de unge hanner i stedet efter et års tid søger andre steder hen, hvor de udsøger sig lokale hunner.

De gulbugede murmeldyr tilbringer omkring 80 % af deres tid i hulerne, hvoraf 60 % foregår i dvaletilstanden. Når de er aktive, tilbringer de desuden tid i hulerne om natten samt midt på dagen. Hulerne er typisk gravet i skråninger, fx på bakkesider eller klippeskrænter. Hulerne, hvori de ligger i dvale, kan være mellem 5 og 7 m dybe, mens sommerhulerne oftest blot er 1 m. Dvaleperioden afhænger af den højde, dyrene lever i, men den varer oftest fra september til maj.

De gulbugede murmeldyr er primært dagaktive, og selv om de kan finde på at kravle i træer og andre vækster, holder de basalt set til på jordoverfladen. Deres kost omfatter mange forskellige ting, specielt græs, korn, blade, blomster, bælgfrugter, frugter, græshopper og fugleæg.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

IUCN Rødliste - ikke truede arter
Murmeldyr

Gulbuget murmeldyr


Tuzbaba Türbesi İstanbul'un Beşiktaş ilçesindeki Türkali mahallesinde, Uzunova Caddesi'nde bulunur. Fatih Sultan Mehmed'in Tuzcubaşısı'na ait olan türbe, kare planlı ve üzeri basık bir yapıdır. Kapısı güney duvarında bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca kuzey ve güney duvarlarında bir, batı duvarında ise üç tane pencere vardır. Türbenin içinde sadece merhumun ahşap sandukası bulunur. Yıl boyunca önemli bir yer kabul edilerek ziyaret edilir.
Tuz Baba namıyla tanınır. Gerçek ismi Halil Efendi'dir(1420-1500 yılları arasında yaşamıştır).Fetih döneminde Fatihin ordusundaki askerlerden biridir. Tuz sıkıntısı çeken orduya tuz temin etmiş ve Fatihin Tuzcubaşısı olmuştur. Fetihten sonra şimdi Tuz Baba camii'nin bulunduğu bölgeye yerleşmiş 1490 yılında camiyi yaptırmıştır. Rufai tarikatındandır. Halk arasında gösterdiği kerametler anlatılır. Caminin Büyük Esma Sultan İlköğretim okuluna bakan duvarunda türbenin dış yüzeyinde mermer bir çıkma bulunur. Bu çıkmanın üzerine tuz paketleri bırakılır. Gelen geçenler buradan parmaklarını banıp tuz alıp yerler. Bu gelenek haline gelmiş hatta Türk filmlerine bile konu olmuştur.

Osmanlı türbeleri
Beşiktaş'taki türbeler
Türkali, Beşiktaş
Bilgi kutusu bulunmayan yapılar

Tuz Baba Türbesi


Hermagor es un distrito del estado de Carintia (Austria). Su centro administrativo es Hermagor-Pressegger See.

Su nombre hace referencia a san Hermágoras de Aquilea.

División administrativa

Localidades con población (año 2018)

Municipios
En negrita se indican las ciudades, en cursiva las ciudades-mercado, mientras que barrios, aldeas y otras subdivisiones de los municipios se indican con letras pequeñas.

Dellach () (4)
Dellach, Goldberg, Gurina, Höfling, Leifling, Monsell, Nölbling, Rüben, Siegelberg, St. Daniel, Stollwitz, Wieserberg
Gitschtal () (5)
Brunn, Golz, Jadersdorf, Langwiesen, Lassendorf, Leditz, Regitt, St. Lorenzen im Gitschtal, Weißbriach, Wulzentratten
Hermagor-Pressegger See () (1)
Achleiten, Aigen, Bergl, Braunitzen, Brugg, Burgstall, Danz, Dellach, Egg, Eggforst, Förolach, Fritzendorf, Görtschach, Götzing, Grafenau, Grünburg, Guggenberg, Hermagor, Jenig, Kameritsch, Khünburg, Kleinbergl, Kraschach, Kraß, Kreuth ob Mellweg, Kreuth ob Möschach, Kreuth ob Rattendorf, Kühweg, Kühwegboden, Latschach, Liesch, Mellach, Mellweg, Micheldorf, Mitschig, Möderndorf, Nampolach, Neudorf, Neuprießenegg, Obermöschach, Obervellach, Paßriach, Podlanig, Postran, Potschach, Potschach, Presseggen, Presseggersee, Radnig, Radnigforst, Rattendorf, Schinzengraben, Schlanitzen, Schmidt, Siebenbrünn, Sonnenalpe Naßfeld, Sonnleitn, Süßenberg, Toschehof, Tröpolach, Untermöschach, Untervellach, Watschig, Wittenig, Zuchen
Kirchbach () (2)
Anraun, Bodenmühl, Forst, Goderschach, Grafendorf, Griminitzen, Gundersheim, Hochwart, Katlingberg, Kirchbach, Krieben, Lenzhof, Oberbuchach, Oberdöbernitzen, Rauth, Reisach, Reißkofelbad, Rinsenegg, Schimanberg, Schmalzgrube, Schönboden, Staudachberg, Stöfflerberg, Stranig, Tramun, Treßdorf, Unterbuchach, Unterdöbernitzen, Waidegg, Wassertheurerberg, Welzberg
Kötschach-Mauthen () (3)
Aigen, Buchach, Dobra, Dolling, Gailberg, Gentschach, Gratzhof, Höfling, Kosta, Kötschach, Kreuth, Kreuzberg, Krieghof, Kronhof, Laas, Lanz, Mahlbach, Mandorf, Mauthen, Nischlwitz, Passau, Plöcken, Plon, Podlanig, Sittmoos, St. Jakob im Lesachtal, Strajach, Weidenburg, Wetzmann, Würda, Würmlach
Lesachtal () (6)
Assing, Birnbaum, Durnthal, Egg, Frohn, Guggenberg, Klebas, Kornat, Ladstatt, Liesing, Maria Luggau, Mattling, Moos, Niedergail, Nostra, Obergail, Oberring, Pallas, Promeggen, Raut, Rüben, Salach, St. Lorenzen im Lesachtal, Stabenthein, Sterzen, Tiefenbach, Tscheltsch, Tuffbad, Wiesen, Wodmaier, Xaveriberg
Sankt Stefan im Gailtal () (7)
Bach, Bichlhof, Bodenhof, Dragantschach, Edling, Hadersdorf, Karnitzen, Köstendorf, Latschach, Matschiedl, Nieselach, Pölland, Pörtschach, Schinzengraben, Schmölzing, St. Paul an der Gail, St. Stefan an der Gail, Sussawitsch, Tratten, Vorderberg

(Los números entre paréntesis hacen referencia a los números que aparece en el mapa que se encuentra a la derecha.)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Distritos del estado de Carintia

Distrito de Hermagor


Wii, Nintendo firmasının geliştirdiği ve 17 Kasım 2006'da piyasaya sürmüş olduğu bir oyun konsoludur. Wii'nin en önemli parçası olan oyun kumandası Wii Remote, harekete duyarlı sensörler içermekte ve bambaşka bir deneyim sunmaktadır. Cihaz güç tuşuna basılı tutulduğunda tamamen kapatılabildiği gibi Wi-Fi ayarları yapıldığı ve internete bağlandığı takdirde power tuşuna bir kere basıldığında uyku moduna geçmektedir. Wii bu durumda iken eğer Wiiconnect açıksa açık haline göre %50 enerji, açık değilse %9 civarı enerji tüketmektedir. Bu sırada Wiiconnect24 sayesinde her zaman bağlantıda kalıp bilgi aktarmaya devam etmektedir.

Kanallar (*2013 tarihinden itibaren kanalların çoğu kapatılmıştır.)

Varsayılan Kanallar

 Disk Kanalı
 Mii Kanalı
 Fotoğraf kanalı
 Alışveriş Kanalı* (31 Ocak 2019'da tamamen kapandı.)
 Hava Durumu Kanalı*
 Haber Kanalı*

İnternet Bağlantısı İle Yüklenebilen Kanallar

 İnternet Kanalı
 Nintendo Kanalı*
 Mii Yarışma Kanalı*
 Herkesin Oyu Kanalı*
 Bugün & Yarın Kanalı*
 Kirby TV Kanalı*
 İndirilebilir (Virtual Console veya Wiiware) Oyunlar*

Bu kanalların çoğu İnternet'e bağlı olan Wii'lerde kullanılabilir.

Yerleşik Oyun
Wii'nin yanında WiiSports oyunu hediye verilmektedir. Bu oyununun içinde ise 5 adet spor aktivitesi yapmak mümkündür.

 Beyzbol
 Bovling
 Boks
 Golf
 Tenis

(bu oyunlar 1-4 oyuncu sayısına sahiptir.)

Ayrıca ekstra kumanda ile birlikte Wii Play adlı oyun satılmaktadır. Bu oyunla beraber gelen mini oyunlar:

 Atış poligonu
 Mii'yi bul
 Masa tenisi
 Pose Mii
 Bilardo
 Balık tutma
 Boğa saldırısı
 Tanklar
 Lazer hokeyi

Mii
Wii'ye dahil olan Mii karakter oluşturma özelliğidir. Mii ile birlikte oyunda kullanılacak karakter istenilen gibi tasarlanabilir. Karakterin kıyafetinin rengi, fiziksel özellikleri değiştirilebilir. Ayrıca karakter gözlükte takabilir. Oluşturulan karakterler cinsiyet, kıyafet rengi ve cinsiyet bakımından sıraya sokulabilir. Ayrıca istenilen karakterler favori olarak seçilir ve favori olarak seçilen karakterlerde sıraya sokulabilir.

Teknik özellikler
Nintendo, Wii'nin birçok özelliğinden bahsetti, Rapor analizleri Wii'nin, GameCube'den yaklaşık 1.5 ila 2 kat daha güçlü olduğunu söylemekte.

İşlemciler

CPU: PowerPC-tabanlı Broadway işlemcisi, yapılmıştır ile 90 nm SOI CMOS işlemci
GPU: ATI Hollywood GPU 90 nm CMOS işlemci

Bellek

 88 MB ana hafıza (24 MB "yerleşik" 1T-SRAM, 64 MB "dış" GDDR3 SDRAM grafik paketine uyumlanmıştır)
 3 MB yerleşik GPU ve Framebuffer

Girişler

 Dört tane Wii Remote desteği (Bluetooth ile bağlanılır.)
 Nintendo GameCube kontrolör portları (x4)
 Nintendo GameCube Memory Card slotları (x2)
SD kart yuvası
USB 2.0 portları (2)
 SensorBar güç yuvası
 Aksesuar yuvası Wii kumandasının altında
 Mitsumi DWM-W004 Wi-Fi 802.11b/g wireless modülü
USB 2.0, Ethernet ve LAN çıkışı
Komponent, Kompozit veya S-Video için çoklu çıkış portları

Depolama

 512 MB yerleşik
 Genişletilmiş depolama sağlanabilir SD kart bellek ile(2 Gb'a kadar)
 Nintendo GameCube Memory Card (GameCube oyun kayıtları için gereklidir.)
Nintendo optik diskleri
 Mask ROM

Video

480p (PAL/NTSC), 480i (NTSC) veya 576i (PAL/SECAM), standart 4:3 ve 16:9 anamorfik geniş ekran
AV çoklu çıkış komponent, kompozit, S-video ve RGB SCART.

Ses

 Ana: Stereo - Dolby Pro Logic II-capable
 Denetimci: İç bölmedeki ses verici (hoparlör) ile

Güç tüketimi

 18 watt açık iken
 1.3 watt bekleme durumunda iken

Wii Mini

Wii Mini, normal Wii'nin daha küçültülmüş bir halidir, ayrıca daha ucuzdur. Ancak İnternete bağlı değildir. Sadece oyun oynayabilir, Mii karakteri oluşturabilir. İnternet gerektiren özelliklerden faydalanamazsınız. Sadece kırmızı rengi bulunmaktadır, kumandası da aynı renktedir. SD kart yuvası yoktur, USB sayısı 1'e düşürülmüştür. GameCube oyunlarını çalıştırmaz.

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Nintendo firmasının resmi Türkiye sitesi

Wi-Fi cihazları
Nintendo konsolları
Ev video oyun konsolları
Geriye dönük video oyun konsolları

Wii


Davidia is the scientific name of two genera of organisms and may refer to:

Davidia (mollusk), a genus of fossil mollusks
Davidia (plant), a genus of flowering trees with a single species, Davidia involucrata
Aluterus, the valid name of the junior synonym Davidia Miranda Ribeiro, 1915
Davidia (fungi), a genus of fungi

Davidia


Naruto Sezonul 3 (2004-2005)

Episoadele din sezonul trei al seriei anime Naruto se bazează pe partea întâi a seriei manga Naruto de Masashi Kishimoto. Sezonul trei din Naruto, serie de anime, este regizat de Hayato Date și produs de Studioul Pierrot și TV Tokyo și a început să fie difuzat pe data de 19 mai 2004 la TV Tokyo și s-a încheiat la data de 20 aprilie 2005.

Episoadele din sezonul trei al seriei anime Naruto fac referire la Itachi Uchiha și Kisame Hoshigaki scăpând din Satul Frunzei. Naruto Uzumaki și un ninja legendar numit Jiraiya o caută pentru a o promova pe Tsunade astfel încât ea va deveni Al Cincilea Hokage și noul lider din Satul Frunzei. Mai târziu, Sasuke Uchiha părăsește Satul Frunzei și Naruto își propune să-l găsească.

Lista episoadelor

Note

Naruto
Liste cu episoade anime
Sezoane de televiziune din 2004
Sezoane de televiziune din 2005

Naruto (sezonul 3)


معركة الرخيمة، هي غارة شنتها القوات الكويتية على قبائل شمر التابعة لحاكم حائل في عام 1901 بمنطقة الرخيمة في شمال غرب الكويت.

سبب المعركة
قامت قبائل شمر تغير على الأعراب المقيمة على حدود الكويت الشمالية وتحاول الاستيلاء على القوافل الخارجة منها والأعراب القاطنة بشمال حدود الكويت. اشتاط غضباً حاكم الكويت الشيخ مبارك الصباح فضاق ذرعاً من تلك القبائل المعتدية، فسير جيشاً من الكويت بقيادة أخيه الشيخ حمود الصباح وولده الشيخ جابر المبارك الصباح وحامل البيرق (إبراهيم بن عبد الله المزين) وأمرهم بالهجوم على إحدى قبائل شمر الداخلة في معية عبد العزيز آل رشيد، فهجم جيش مبارك الصباح عليهم واستولو على كثير من أموالهم وألوف من الغنم والإبل وكانت الواقعة شديدة عليهم.

مراجع

الكويت في 1901
رخيمة
رخيمة
نزاعات في 1901

معركة الرخيمة


Huỳnh Công Út, known professionally as Nick Ut (born March 29, 1951), is a Vietnamese-American photographer who worked for the Associated Press (AP) in Los Angeles. He won both the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography and the 1973 World Press Photo of the Year for "The Terror of War", depicting children running away from a napalm bombing attack during the Vietnam War.

His best-known photo features a naked 9-year-old girl, Phan Thị Kim Phúc, running toward the camera from a South Vietnamese napalm strike that mistakenly hit Trảng Bàng village instead of nearby North Vietnamese troops.

On the 40th anniversary of that Pulitzer Prize-winning photo in September 2012, Ut became only the third person inducted into the Leica Hall of Fame for his contributions to photojournalism.

On March 29, 2017, he retired from AP.

On January 13, 2021, Ut became the first journalist to receive the National Medal of Arts, the highest award given to artists and arts patrons by the United States federal government.

Biography
Born in Long An, Vietnam (then part of the French Indochina), Ut began to take photographs for the Associated Press when he was 16, just after his older brother Huynh Thanh My, another AP photographer, was killed in Vietnam. Ut himself was wounded three different times in the war in his knee, arm, and stomach.  Ut has since worked for the Associated Press in Tokyo, South Korea, and Hanoi and still maintains contact with Kim Phuc, who now resides in Ajax, Ontario, Canada, a suburb of Toronto, Ontario.

Before delivering his film with the Kim Phúc photo, he took her to the hospital. The publication of the photo was delayed due to the AP bureau's debate about transmitting a naked girl's photo over the wire:

In September 2016, a Norway newspaper published an open letter to Mark Zuckerberg after censorship was imposed on this photograph placed on the newspaper's Facebook page. Half of the ministers in the Norwegian government shared the famous Nick Ut photo on their Facebook pages, among them prime minister Erna Solberg from the Conservative Party (Høyre). Several of the Facebook posts including the Prime Minister's post were deleted by Facebook, but later that day Facebook decided to allow the photo.

Nixon connection
Audiotapes of then-president Richard Nixon in conversation with his chief of staff, H. R. Haldeman, show that Nixon doubted the veracity of the photograph, musing whether it may have been "fixed." Following the release of this tape, Ut commented:

Family and later career
Ut is a United States citizen and is married with two children in Los Angeles. His photos of a crying Paris Hilton in the back seat of a Los Angeles County Sheriff's cruiser on June 8, 2007, were published worldwide; however, Ut was photographing Hilton alongside photographer Karl Larsen. Two photographs emerged; the more famous photo of Hilton was credited to Ut despite being Larsen's photo.

Awards
 1972: The George Polk Awards for News Photography: Huynh Cong Ut, Associated Press, for depicting a girl who had torn off her burned clothing and fleeing a Vietnam napalm strike.
 1972: Overseas Press Club of America Best Photographs, Daily Newspaper or Wire Service 1972, Huynh Cong Ut, The Associated Press
1973: Pulitzer Prize Winner in Spot News Photography,  Huynh Cong Ut, of Associated Press, For his photograph, "The Terror of War," depicting children in flight from a napalm bombing
2014: The Lucie Awards: 2014 Honoree: Achievement in Photojournalism, Nick Ut
 2019: World Press Photographer Prize, IPPFK, Kerala Media Academy, India. The award consists of a citation and a purse of Rs. 1 lakh.
 2021:  The National Medal of Arts, the highest United States award to artists and arts patrons.

References

External links

 Nick Ut, Exactly 35 Years Later
 Nick Ut – Still a Photographer with the Associated Press Horst Faas and Marianne Fulton
 A return to Saigon – 4
 AP Career Retrospective for Nick Ut
 Hall of Fame Award Winners  Leica Awards // World of Leica – Leica Camera AG archive
 https://www.huffpost.com/entry/pulitzer-award-winning-photographer-nick-ut-retires_b_58e7ff92e4b0acd784ca5826
 https://www.newsweek.com/nick-ut-why-i-accepted-trumps-medal-freedom-1561181

1951 births
Living people
20th-century American photographers
20th-century Vietnamese people
21st-century American photographers
Associated Press photographers
People from Long An Province
Pulitzer Prize for Photography winners
Vietnamese emigrants to the United States
Vietnamese photographers
Vietnam War photographers
United States National Medal of Arts recipients

Nick Ut


Un   (, también transcrito como Qanci o kantsi) es el cuerno para beber tradicional en la cultura de Georgia, hecho normalmente de cuernos de chivo o carneros, a veces también de cuernos de toro.

Durante una cena formal (supra) los georgianos proponen un brindis, dirigido por un maestro de ceremonias (tamadá) que decide el tema del que hablar después de cada brindis. Los georgianos les ceden brindar primero a los padres, porque los valoran por encima de todo. Los  brindis se hacen con vino o brandy, hacerlo con cerveza es considerado un insulto.

Referencias

Véase también

Cultura de Georgia

Qantsi


In the law of the United States, an insular area is a U.S.-associated jurisdiction that is not part of the 50 states or the District of Columbia. This includes fourteen U.S. territories administered under U.S. sovereignty, as well as three sovereign states each with a Compact of Free Association with the United States. The term also may be used to refer to the previous status of the Philippine Islands and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands when it existed.

Three of the U.S. territories are in the Caribbean Sea, eleven are in the Pacific Ocean, and all three freely associated states are also in the Pacific. Two additional Caribbean territories are disputed and administered by Colombia.

Article IV, Section 3, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants to the United States Congress the responsibility of overseeing the territories. A series of U.S. Supreme Court decisions known as the Insular Cases created a distinction between "incorporated territories", where the full Constitution of the United States applies, and "unincorporated territories", where only basic protections apply. The only current incorporated territory, Palmyra Atoll, is uninhabited.

A U.S. territory is considered "organized" when the U.S. Congress passes an organic act for it. Three of the U.S. territories with a permanent non-military population have constitutions, and all five have locally elected territorial legislatures and executives, and some degree of political autonomy. Four of the five are "organized", but American Samoa is technically "unorganized" and subject to the direct jurisdiction of the Office of Insular Affairs.

History
The first insular areas that the United States occupied were Baker Island, Howland Island and Navassa Island (1857) then Johnston Atoll and Jarvis Island (both in 1858) would be claimed. After the War between the United States and Spain in 1898, several territories were taken that are still under U.S. sovereignty (Puerto Rico and Guam, both in 1898). Palmyra Atoll was annexed along with the Republic of Hawaii (formerly a Kingdom) that same year. American Samoa was reclaimed the following year (1899). In 1917, at the height of World War I, Denmark sold the Danish Virgin Islands to the United States.

The former British-American condominium of Canton and Enderbury, consisting of the atolls of Canton and Enderbury in the northeast of the Phoenix Islands, became part of this new island state on July 12, 1979, the day of independence from the State of Kiribati.

The U.S. Navy annexed Kingman Reef in 1922. Spain had sold the Northern Mariana Islands to Germany in 1899. The islands passed to Japan, which in turn lost them to the United States in 1945 after the end of World War II. The Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, located on the southern side of Guantanamo Bay and taken from Spain in 1898, is not a U.S. outlying territory but a U.S. military base on formally "leased" land on the island of Cuba.

The Marshall Islands became self-governing in 1979 and fully independent along with the Federated States of Micronesia in 1986. Palau achieved independence in 1994. The three countries maintain sovereignty with free association status with the United States, which provides them with defense assistance and economic resources.

Timeline
August 28, 1867
Captain William Reynolds of the USS Lackawanna formally took possession of the Midway Atoll for the United States.
August 13, 1898
United States Navy under Admiral George Dewey, United States Army's Eighth Army Corps under Major General Wesley Merritt, and Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur Jr. captured the City of Manila from Spain after Governor-General of the Philippines Fermin Jáudenes surrendered the city, which then remained Spanish-occupied even after the declaration of Philippine Independence from Spain and the establishment of the First Philippine Republic on June 12, 1898.
February 4, 1899
Philippine–American War began between the First Philippine Republic and the newly arrived US Military Government.
April 11, 1899
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 came into effect, transferring Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico from Spain to the United States, all three becoming unorganized, unincorporated territories. Puerto Rico's official name was changed to Porto Rico, a phonetic reinterpretation of the Spanish name for the territory.
April 12, 1900
The Foraker Act organized Puerto Rico.
June 7, 1900
The United States took control of the portion of the Samoan Islands given to it by the Treaty of Berlin of 1899, creating the unorganized, unincorporated territory of American Samoa.
April 1, 1901
General Emilio Aguinaldo, President of the First Philippine Republic and Filipino leader in the Philippine–American War, surrendered to the United States, allowing the U.S. to form a civilian government for the Philippines.
February 23, 1903
Under the terms of a 1903 lease agreement, the United States came to exercise complete control over Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, while Cuba retained ultimate sovereignty over the territory.
August 29, 1916
The Philippine Autonomy Act or Jones Law was signed, promising the Philippines independence.
March 2, 1917
Jones–Shafroth Act reorganized Puerto Rico. This act conferred United States citizenship on all citizens of Puerto Rico.
March 31, 1917
The United States purchased the Danish West Indies and renamed it as U.S. Virgin Islands under the terms of a treaty with Denmark.
May 17, 1932
The name of Porto Rico was changed to Puerto Rico.
March 24, 1934
The Tydings–McDuffie Act was signed allowing the creation of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
November 15, 1935
The Commonwealth of the Philippines officially inaugurated Manuel L. Quezon as the President of the Philippine Commonwealth, held at the steps of the Old Legislative Building. The event was attended by 300,000 Filipinos.
December 8, 1941
 Commonwealth of the Philippines was invaded and occupied by Japan during World War Two, initiating "the most destructive event ever to take place on U.S. soil". Over 1,100,000 Filipino American civilians died during the war.
February 3 - March 3, 1945
 The month long Liberation of Manila led by General Douglas MacArthur took place, and consequently resulted in Manila Massacre committed by the Japanese forces throughout the Battle of Manila. An estimated 100,000 Manila civilians were killed during the massacre.
August 1945
 The United States regains full control of its colony of the Philippines following the Philippines campaign.
July 4, 1946
The United States formally recognized the Philippine independence, establishing the Third Philippine Republic and inaugurating Manuel Roxas as the President of the independent Philippines. The independence ceremonies and inauguration rites were held at the Quirino Grandstand.
July 14, 1947
The United Nations granted the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to the United States, consisting primarily of many islands fought over during World War II, and including what is now the Marshall Islands, the Carolina Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau. It was a trusteeship, and not a territory of the United States.
August 5, 1947
The Privileges and Immunities Clause regarding the rights, privileges, and immunities of citizens of the United States was expressly extended to Puerto Rico by the U.S. Congress through federal law codified in Title 48 the United States Code as  and signed by President Harry S. Truman. This law indicates that the rights, privileges, and immunities of citizens of the United States shall be respected in Puerto Rico to the same extent as though Puerto Rico were a State of the Union and subject to the provisions of paragraph 1 of section 2 of article IV of the Constitution of the United States.
July 1, 1950
The Guam Organic Act came into effect, organizing Guam as an unincorporated territory.
July 25, 1952
Puerto Rico became a Commonwealth of the United States, an unincorporated organized territory, with the ratification of its constitution.
July 22, 1954
The organic act for the United States Virgin Islands went into effect, making them an unincorporated, organized territory.
July 1, 1967
American Samoa's constitution became effective. Even though no organic act was passed, this move to self-government made American Samoa similar to an organized territory.
September 12, 1967
Article Three of the United States Constitution, was expressly extended to the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico by the U.S. Congress through the federal law 89-571, 80 Stat. 764, this law was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
January 1, 1978
The Northern Mariana Islands left the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to become a commonwealth of the United States, making it unincorporated and organized.
January 9, 1978
The Northern Mariana Islands Commonwealth Constitution, which had been ratified by voters on March 6, 1977, goes into effect.
October 21, 1986
The Marshall Islands attained independence from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, though the trusteeship granted by the United Nations technically did not end until December 22, 1990. The Marshall Islands remained in free association with the United States.
November 3, 1986
The Federated States of Micronesia attained independence from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and remained in free association with the United States.
December 22, 1990
The United Nations terminated the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands for all but the Palau district.
May 25, 1994
The United Nations terminated the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands for the Palau district, ending the territory and making Palau  independent, as it was not a territory of the United States.
October 1, 1994
Palau attained  independence, but it remained in free association with the United States.
December 11, 2012
The Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico enacted a concurrent resolution to request the president and the Congress of the United States to respond diligently and effectively, and to act on the demand of the people of Puerto Rico, as freely and democratically expressed in the plebiscite held on November 6, 2012, to end, once and for all, its current form of territorial status and to begin the process to admit Puerto Rico to the Union as a State.
December 22, 2022  The U.S. House of Representatives voted in favor of the Puerto Rico Status Act. The act sought to resolve Puerto Rico's status and its relationship to the United States through a binding plebiscite to be held in November 2023; however, the Senate never acted on the bill.
 April 20, 2023  Puerto Rico Status Act re-introduced in U.S. House with the plebiscite to be held in November 2025.

Citizenship
Congress has extended citizenship rights by birth to all inhabited territories except American Samoa, and these citizens may vote and run for office in any U.S. jurisdiction in which they are residents. The people of American Samoa are U.S. nationals by place of birth, or they are U.S. citizens by parentage, or naturalization after residing in a State for three months. Nationals are free to move around and seek employment within the United States without immigration restrictions, but cannot vote or hold office outside American Samoa.

Taxation
Residents of the five major populated insular areas do not pay U.S. federal income taxes but are required to pay other U.S. federal taxes such as import and export taxes, federal commodity taxes, Social Security taxes, etc. Individuals working for the federal government pay federal income taxes while all residents are required to pay federal payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare). According to IRS Publication 570, income from other U.S. Pacific Ocean insular areas (Howland, Baker, Jarvis, Johnston, Midway, Palmyra, and Wake Islands, and Kingman Reef) is fully taxable as income of United States residents.

Associated states
The U.S. State Department and the U.S. Code also use the term "insular area" to refer not only to territories under the sovereignty of the United States, but also those independent nations that have signed a Compact of Free Association with the United States. While these nations participate in many otherwise domestic programs, and full responsibility for their military defense rests with the United States, they are legally distinct from the United States and their inhabitants are neither U.S. citizens nor nationals.

Current insular areas by status
The following islands, or island groups, are considered insular areas:

Incorporated organized territories
None

Incorporated unorganized territory
One (uninhabited)

 Palmyra Atoll – U.S. Territory of Palmyra Island (mostly owned by the Federal Government and The Nature Conservancy; administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)

Unincorporated organized territories

Four (inhabited)

  (organized under the Guam Organic Act of 1950)
  (Commonwealth, organized under the 1975 Covenant)
  (Commonwealth, organized under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950)
  (organized under the 1954 Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands)

Unincorporated unorganized territories

One (inhabited)

  (self-governing even though officially unorganized and under the authority of the U.S. Department of the Interior)

Six (uninhabited)

 Baker Island (administered as a National Wildlife Refuge)
 Howland Island (administered as a National Wildlife Refuge)
 Jarvis Island (administered as a National Wildlife Refuge)
  (administered as a National Wildlife Refuge)
 Kingman Reef (administered as a National Wildlife Refuge)
  (administered as a National Wildlife Refuge)

Two (uninhabited, disputed)

 Navassa Island (administered as a National Wildlife Refuge; claimed by Haiti)
  (administered by the U.S. Air Force; claimed by the Marshall Islands)

Two (uninhabited, claimed)

 Bajo Nuevo Bank (disputed with Colombia and Jamaica; administered by Colombia)
 Serranilla Bank (disputed with Colombia, Honduras, and Jamaica; administered by Colombia)

Freely associated states

Three sovereign UN member states which were all formerly in the U.S. administered United Nations Trust Territory and are currently in free association with the U.S. The U.S. provides national defense, funding, and access to social services.

After achieving independence from the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, these states are no longer under U.S. sovereignty and thus not considered part of the United States. Some programs in these states are administered by the U.S. Office of Insular Affairs, along with other federal entities such as the Department of Defense.

Former territories
  Commonwealth of the Philippines (after establishment of 1935 Constitution of the Philippines; U.S. sovereignty relinquished and the Philippine independence recognized July 4, 1946, by the Treaty of Manila)
  Insular Philippines (acquired through 1898 Treaty of Paris; succeeded by the Commonwealth of the Philippines)
  (acquired through 1903 Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty; abolished October 1, 1979, by 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties)
  Republic of Hawaii (acquired by the U.S. in 1898; territory incorporated by the Hawaiian Organic Act of 1900; territory disestablished by the Hawaii Admission Act, creating the State of Hawaii in 1959)

See also
 Dependent territory
 Guano Islands Act
 Guantanamo Bay Naval Base
 Insular Cases
 List of states and territories of the United States
 Protectorate
 Territorial evolution of the United States
 Territories of the United States on stamps

Notes

References

External links

 Department of Interior Office of Insular Affairs
 Department of the Interior Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations
 Rubin, Richard, "The Lost Islands", The Atlantic Monthly, February 2001
 Chapter 7: Puerto Rico and the Outlying Areas, U.S. Census Bureau, Geographic Areas Reference Manual

Dependent territories

Political divisions of the United States
Types of administrative division

Insular area


Cyanidium caldarium est une espèce d'algues rouges de la famille des Cyanidiaceae.

C'est une algue extrêmophile qui vit dans les mares ou sols chauds et acides, ou des sources chaudes. C'est un acidophile, supportant une acidité autour de pH 0, très rare dans un organisme vivant, et une température optimale de croissance d'environ 50 degrés Celsius.

C'est l'espèce type de son genre.

Références

Bibliographie
  L. Geitler, Diagnosen neuer Blaualgen von den Sunda-Inseln, Archiv für Hydrobiologie, supplément 12, 1933, , description à la page 622.

Liens externes

Espèce d'algues rouges (nom scientifique)
Cyanidiaceae

Cyanidium caldarium


Siouxsie Wiles (née Susanna Wiles) est une microbiologiste et vulgarisatrice scientifique britannique et néo-zélandaise. Ses domaines de spécialisation sont les maladies infectieuses et la bioluminescence. Elle est basée en Nouvelle-Zélande.

Elle est à la tête du  de l'université d'Auckland.

Enfance
Wiles est née au Royaume-Uni, a grandi au Royaume-Uni et en Afrique du Sud. Sa mère est travailleuse sociale à la retraite et son père est propriétaire d'une entreprise.

Éducation

Ebola est le microbe qui a suscité l'intérêt de Wiles pour la microbiologie lorsqu'elle était adolescente. Lors de sa conférence TEDxChristchurch en 2015, elle a déclaré : .

Le livre The Hot Zone de Richard Preston, qui se concentre sur Ebola, a poussé Wiles à concentrer sa formation sur la microbiologie médicale.

Wiles a étudié à l'Université d'Édimbourg et a obtenu en 1997 un B.Sc. (Hons) en microbiologie médicale. Pendant ses études de premier cycle, elle a reçu une bourse Nuffield et a travaillé à l'École des sciences biologiques de l'université. Wiles a obtenu son doctorat à l'Université Napier d'Édimbourg, en menant des recherches au  (anciennement connu sous le nom d'Institut de virologie et de microbiologie environnementale), situé à Oxford.

Au cours de son doctorat, Wiles a d'abord utilisé la bioluminescence pour créer des biocapteurs afin de surveiller la santé de microbes bénéfiques pour l'environnement.

Vie professionnelle
Après avoir terminé son doctorat, Wiles a déménagé à l'Imperial College de Londres pour un poste de recherche post-doctorale sur la tuberculose. En 2007, elle est devenue maître de conférences au Département des maladies infectieuses et de l'immunité de l'Imperial College et en 2009 elle a reçu une bourse Sir Charles Hercus du  de Nouvelle-Zélande et a déménagé à l'Université d'Auckland. Wiles est à la tête du laboratoire de super-insectes bioluminescents de l'université.

En 2013, elle a remporté le , qui comprend un prix de .

Wiles a lancé la société Brightenz qui vend des kits avec lesquels on peut créer de l'art bioluminescent à la maison.

En 2018, Wiles est devenu l'ambassadrice scientifique de , une entreprise à but non lucratif visant à accroître la  dans les communautés locales. Elle a également été réélue conseillère générale de la Société royale de Nouvelle-Zélande en 2018. Deux ans plus tard, elle figurait sur la liste des 100 femmes de la BBC annoncée le .

Wiles travaille également à la recherche de nouveaux antibiotiques en examinant  néo-zélandais pour une éventuelle utilisation médicale.

Laboratoire de superbactéries bioluminescentes

Wiles dirige le Bioluminescent Superbugs Lab à l'université d'Auckland qui se concentre sur la façon dont les bactéries incandescentes peuvent faire progresser la compréhension des infections microbiennes telles que les intoxications alimentaires, la tuberculose et les  hospitalières.

La bioluminescence est utilisée pour accélérer le processus de développement de nouveaux antibiotiques en utilisant la lumière émise par les bactéries, car seules les bactéries vivantes émettent de la lumière. À propos de son travail, Wiles dit que « Ma carrière a été construite sur la fabrication de vilaines bactéries bioluminescentes et leur utilisation pour toutes sortes de choses, y compris la découverte de nouveaux médicaments ». La Nouvelle-Zélande a certains des taux les plus élevés de maladies infectieuses parmi les pays développés. Dans le monde,  meurent chaque année de maladies résistantes aux médicaments.

Vulgarisation scientifique

Wiles est passionnée par la démystification de la science pour le grand public. Elle est une blogueuse active sur , une podcasteuse en ligne, une commentatrice sur Radio New Zealand et apparaît dans des émissions de télévision pour discuter d'histoires scientifiques dans l'actualité. Elle était l'une des huit scientifiques qui ont dirigé le « Great New Zealand Science Project », le programme d'engagement public du gouvernement néo-zélandais menant aux National Science Challenges en 2012.

Elle a commandé, co-écrit et est apparue avec sa fille dans l'émission scientifique en ligne pour enfants de TVNZ Siouxsie & Eve Investigate.

De 2010 à 2016, Wiles a été co-animatrice du podcast Completely Unnecessary Skeptical qui portait sur le scepticisme scientifique en Nouvelle-Zélande.

Elle a également utilisé l'art et le cinéma pour communiquer des idées scientifiques : en 2011, elle a collaboré avec le graphiste australien Luke Harris pour produire une série de films d'animation mettant en scène des créatures bioluminescentes et leurs utilisations en science. Les animations sur l'utilisation des lucioles par la NASA pour la recherche de la vie extraterrestre ont été sélectionnées pour être incluses au  à New York en 2013 et au Festival du film scientifique du Goethe Institute en 2014. Wiles a collaboré avec l'artiste Rebecca Klee sur une installation au Auckland Art in the Dark Festival en 2013, qui mettait en vedette le calmar bobtail hawaïen et Aliivibrio fischeri . Wiles pense que l'enseignement des sciences pertinent devrait commencer à l'école primaire, pour accroître la culture scientifique et l'intérêt pour le domaine plus généralement.

Parmi ses projets de communication scientifique en 2015 figure l'exposition .

Wiles est active dans le mouvement sceptique ayant reçu le prix du sceptique de l'année des NZ Skeptics en 2016 et a participé à plusieurs conférences NZ Skeptic. Elle s'est également prononcée contre les anti-vaccins et d'autres problèmes de santé publique.

En 2018, Wiles a été nommée finaliste des  pour son travail sur les superbactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques et les maladies infectieuses. Elle a remporté le prix en 2021 pour son leadership dans la communication publique de la réponse COVID-19 de la Nouvelle-Zélande.

Wiles a été à la pointe de la communication scientifique en Nouvelle-Zélande pendant la pandémie de Covid-19. Avec le caricaturiste , Wiles a créé « Aplatir la courbe », une bande dessinée GIF animée pour  afin de décrire comment de simples actions citoyennes pourraient réduire considérablement le nombre de morts. La bande dessinée est devenue virale et a été vue dans le monde entier (y compris sur Wikipédia). Appelé , il était basé sur des graphiques antérieurs des Centres pour le contrôle et la prévention des maladies, Rosamund Pearce de The Economist et le professeur de l'Université Thomas Jefferson Drew Harris.

En 2020, Wiles a fait l'objet d'un court métrage documentaire intitulé Siouxsie and the Virus.

À la mi-, Wiles a critiqué la décision du gouvernement néo-zélandais d'abandonner sa stratégie d'élimination du COVID-19, affirmant que cela mettrait en danger les personnes non vaccinées et vulnérables. Lors du lancement du  (système de feux de circulation) en , Wiles a exhorté les habitants d'Auckland à mettre de côté leurs projets de vacances d'été afin de contenir la propagation du variant Delta au sein de la communauté.

Livres et publications

Antibiotic Resistance
Le livre de Wiles Antibiotic Resistance: The End of Modern Medicine? a été publié en 2017 et a examiné le problème mondial croissant de la résistance aux antibiotiques . Commentant le livre, l'expert en maladies infectieuses de l'Université d'Otago, le professeur Kurt Krause, l'a décrit comme « un appel clair à l'action pour les Néo-Zélandais sur l'un des problèmes les plus critiques auxquels nous sommes confrontés ». Sarah-Jane O'Connor du  écrit que le livre « […]Antibiotic Resistance fournira un excellent tutoriel pour ceux qui savent qu'il y a lieu de s'inquiéter mais qui ont besoin de quelques informations supplémentaires pour comprendre pourquoi ».

publications
 Wiles, Siouxsie, Antibiotic Resistance: The End of Modern Medicine?, 2017, .
 Shirley, O. C., Bayan, A., et al. Do surgical helmet systems affect intraoperative wound contamination? A randomised controlled trial in Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 2017, 137.
 Sun, Y., Emolo, C., Holtfreter, S., et al., Staphylococcal Protein A Contributes to Persistent Colonization of Mice with Staphylococcus aureus in Journal of bacteriology 2018, 200 (9).10.1128/JB.00735-17.
 Murdoch, D., Addidle, M., Andersson, H.-S. et al., Politicians: please work together to minimise the spread of COVID-19 in The New Zealand medical journal 2020, 133 (1511), .
 Yathursan, S., Wiles, S., Read, H., & Sarojini, V., A review on anti-tuberculosis peptides: Impact of peptide structure on anti-tuberculosis activity. in Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society 2019, 5 (11)10.1002/psc.3213.
 Merry, A. F., Gargiulo, D. A. et al., The effect of implementing an aseptic practice bundle for anaesthetists to reduce postoperative infections, the Anaesthetists Be Cleaner (ABC) study: protocol for a stepped wedge, cluster randomised, multi-site trial. in Trials 2019, 20 (1)10.1186/s13063-019-3402-8.
 Ryder, B. M., Sandford, S. K., et al. Gr1(int/high) Cells Dominate the Early Phagocyte Response to Mycobacterial Lung Infection in Mice in Frontiers in Microbiologie 2019, 1010.3389/fmicb.2019.00402.

Vie privée
Wiles est marié à Steven Galbraith, professeur de mathématiques à l'université d'Auckland et ensemble, ils ont une fille. Elle a rencontré son mari, un Néo-Zélandais, à Londres et a quitté son poste à l'Imperial College de Londres pour s'installer en Nouvelle-Zélande en 2009. Wiles a obtenu la nationalité néo-zélandaise en 2014.

Elle est fan de Lego et aime jouer avec tout en critiquant ce qu'elle qualifie de préjugé sexiste dans les figurines Lego. Elle s'est teint les cheveux depuis qu'elle était adolescente et elle est connue comme la « dame scientifique aux cheveux roses ». Dans un article de blog de 2013, Wiles dit que le nom « Siouxsie » vient de la chanteuse Siouxsie Sioux, chanteuse principale du groupe Siouxsie and the Banshees.

Le , Wiles a attiré l'attention des médias après que le blogueur de droite  a publié une vidéo d'elle en train de socialiser avec une amie sur une plage d'Auckland lors d'un confinement d'alerte de niveau 4 dans la région d'Auckland en réponse à l'épidémie du variant Delta d'. Slater a allégué que Wiles et son amie avaient bafoué les restrictions de confinement, l'histoire circulant sur plusieurs blogs de droite. En réponse, Wiles a précisé que son amie faisait partie de la même bulle qu'elle et que le couple avait parcouru  à vélo de sa maison à la plage. Elle a également accusé Slater de diffuser de la désinformation afin de la discréditer ainsi que la réponse collective du pays au COVID-19. La cheffe du Parti national, Judith Collins, a suscité la controverse lorsqu'elle a décrit Wiles comme une « grosse hypocrite » lors d'une conversation virtuelle avec un groupe Pasifika aligné avec le parti. En réponse aux critiques de Collins à l'encontre de Wiles, la directrice générale de la santé, , a défendu Wiles contre les allégations selon lesquelles elle aurait enfreint les restrictions de confinement. Wiles a convenu que son amie avait enfreint la règle du niveau 4 « ne pas aller nager » et a déclaré qu'elle aurait dû l'arrêter.

Prix et distinctions

 Prix 3Rs du Centre national britannique pour le remplacement, le raffinement et la réduction des animaux en recherche (NC3Rs) en 2005
 Prix Three Rs du Comité consultatif national d'éthique animale de la Nouvelle-Zélande, 2011
 Prix de la communication scientifique de l'Association des scientifiques de Nouvelle-Zélande (maintenant connu sous le nom de ), 2012
  pour la communication scientifique et médiatique, 2013
 Médaille Callaghan de la Société royale de Nouvelle-Zélande, 2013
 Prix Blake Leader du Sir Peter Blake Trust, 2016.
 Prix du sceptique de l'année des sceptiques néo-zélandais
 Sélectionnée comme l'une des «  » de la Royal Society Te Apārangi, célébrant les contributions des femmes au savoir en Nouvelle-Zélande.
 2019 Nommée membre de l'Ordre du Mérite de Nouvelle-Zélande, pour services rendus à la microbiologie et à la communication scientifique, dans le cadre des  .
 2020, Gagnant suprême,
 2021 .

Références

Liens externes

 Site Web personnel
 Profil sur le site de l'université d'Auckland
 Pensées infectieuses sur Sciblogs.co.nz
 Siouxsie Wiles sur Blogspot
 Site web du Laboratoire de Superbugs Bioluminescents

100 femmes de la BBC
Membre de l'ordre du Mérite de Nouvelle-Zélande
Scientifique néo-zélandais
Vulgarisateur scientifique
Professeur à l'Imperial College London
Étudiant de l'université d'Édimbourg
Professeur à l'université d'Auckland
Microbiologiste
Femme biologiste

Siouxsie Wiles


Canadaerne er en fællesbetegnelse for Øvre Canada og Nedre Canada, to historiske britiske kolonier i det, der nu er Canada. De blev etableret via Konstitutionsloven fra 1791 og ophørte med at eksistere i 1841, hvor de blev slået sammen til  Provinsen Canada.

Navnene på de to kolonier afspejlede deres placering i forhold til løbet af Saint Lawrence-floden, den udmunder i Saint Lawrence-bugten:
 Nedre Canada omfattede den sydøstlige del af nutidens Québec-provins samt (indtil 1809) Labrador-regionen af nutidens Newfoundland og Labrador-provinsen.
 Øvre Canada omfattede det sydlige af nutidens Ontario-provins op til nord- og østsiden af Lake Huron og Lake Superior.

Den nordlige del af nutidens Ontario- og Québec-provinser var på den tid del af Rupert's Land.

Forhenværende nordamerikanske lande
Forhenværende britiske kolonier
Canadas historie

Canadaerne


Wolraad Woltemade (c.1708 - 1º de junho de 1773) foi um fazendeiro holandês do Cabo que morreu enquanto resgatava marinheiros do naufrágio do navio De Jonge Thomas em Table Bay em 1º de junho de 1773. A história foi relatada pelo sueco naturalista Carl Peter Thunberg que estava na África do Sul como cirurgião da Companhia Holandesa das Índias Orientais.

Início da vida
Woltemade nasceu em Schaumburg, parte do atual noroeste da Alemanha . Ele migrou para o assentamento holandês na Cidade do Cabo (Kaapstad) e trabalhou para a Companhia Holandesa das Índias Orientais como soldado e após a aposentadoria como guardião do zoológico da empresa  ou como leiteiro . Muitas das primeiras colônias européias foram estabelecidas por empresas comerciais, e não pela intervenção direta dos governos das nações européias. Por exemplo, observe a história da British South Africa Company.

Naufrágio
Na manhã de 1º de junho de 1773, início do inverno no hemisfério sul, um veleiro chamado De Jonge Thomas desembarcou em um vendaval em um banco de areia na foz do rio Salt em Table Bay. Muitas vidas foram perdidas quando o navio começou a quebrar, mas um número substancial de sobreviventes ficou agarrado ao casco. O navio atingido não estava muito longe da terra firme e muitos marinheiros tentaram nadar até a costa. A maioria dos que o fizeram pereceu; a água estava fria e a correnteza do Rio Salt próximo era muito grande. Com exceção dos nadadores mais fortes, aqueles que se dirigiam para a praia eram levados para o mar.

Uma multidão de espectadores estava na praia. Alguns vieram para assistir, outros para tentar ajudar e outros ainda esperavam saquear a carga que estava sendo arrastada para a praia. Um destacamento de soldados estava presente para manter a ordem entre os espectadores. O cabo Christian Ludwig Woltemade, o filho mais novo do idoso Wolraad, estava entre os que montavam guarda. Ao raiar do dia, Wolraad deixou sua casa, Klein Zoar  a cavalo, levando provisões para seu filho.

Resgate
Quando Woltemade chegou à praia, sentiu pena dos marinheiros abandonados a bordo dos destroços. Vendo que nada poderia ser feito pelos que estavam na praia, ele montou em seu cavalo, Vonk, e instigou o animal para o mar. Ao se aproximarem dos destroços, Woltemade virou o cavalo e chamou dois homens para pular no mar e agarrar o rabo do cavalo. Após um momento de hesitação, dois homens se jogaram na água e o fizeram, ao que Woltemade incitou o cavalo a avançar e os arrastou para a margem. Woltemade cavalgou sete vezes, trazendo de volta quatorze homens. A essa altura, ele e seu cavalo estavam exaustos, mas naquele momento, enquanto descansavam, o navio começou a desmoronar. Woltemade mais uma vez incitou seu cavalo para a água, mas agora o desespero entre os marinheiros era tremendo. Vendo isso como provavelmente sua última chance de escapar antes que o navio fosse destruído, seis homens mergulharam no mar, agarrando o cavalo. Seu peso era demais para o corcel exausto; todos foram arrastados para baixo das ondas e afogados. O corpo de Woltemade foi encontrado no dia seguinte, mas o cavalo não foi encontrado. Das 191 almas a bordo, apenas 53 sobreviveram e destas 14 foram salvas por Woltemade.

Honra

Woltemade não se tornou imediatamente um herói. O capitão (van Lammeren) de de Jonge Thomas teve um funeral oficial, mas não houve nada tão grandioso para Woltemade. A opinião geral no castelo parece ter sido que ele era um tolo intrometido que havia perdido a vida desnecessariamente. No primeiro relatório para a Holanda, seu nome nem sequer é mencionado – embora um espaço considerável seja dedicado às dezoito caixas de dinheiro providencialmente economizadas. Este ouro foi a razão pela qual a flotilha foi permitida em Table Bay em primeiro lugar, já que transportá-lo por terra de Simons Town para The Castle teria sido muito perigoso devido às estradas ruins, pioradas (intransitáveis) pela tempestade. No entanto, Karl Thunberg, que testemunhou o evento, não esqueceu Woltemade; nem o ex-compatriota, Anders Sparrman, quando escreveu seu famoso livro "Uma Viagem ao Cabo da Boa Esperança" em 1775." A VOC (Companhia Holandesa das Índias Orientais) acabou compensando seus dependentes, mas levou alguns anos de protestos públicos para fazê-lo.

A Companhia Holandesa das Índias Orientais forneceu amplamente para sua viúva e filhos e nomeou um navio Held Woldemade, levado pela frota britânica como prêmio durante a batalha na Baía de Saldanha em 4 de julho de 1781. Uma estação ferroviária na Cidade do Cabo leva seu nome. A Medalha do Rei da União da África do Sul por Bravura , instituída em 1939, trazia uma representação do ato heróico de Woltemade em seu anverso.

O nome também foi dado ao SA Wolraad Woltemade, um dos dois rebocadores de salvamento construídos em 1976, que na época eram os rebocadores mais poderosos do mundo.

O nome
Wolraad é uma versão do nome alemão Vollrad (de "Volkrat"), às vezes também escrito Wolrad, e significa "conselheiro do povo". Woltemad(e) é a variação ortográfica usada por Thunberg para o sobrenome de baixo alemão Woltemate ("Wohlgemut" em alto alemão, significando "alegre", ou mais literalmente "de boa disposição"), e uma conexão familiar com a família de artistas Woltemate  da mesma região da Alemanha em que o nome "Wolrad" ocorre é uma possibilidade.

Galeria

Referências

Fontes

 In A History of South Africa: From the Distant Past to the Present Day, edited by Fransjohan Pretorius, Pretoria: Protea Book House, 2014.
  Schirmer, P. 1980. The concise illustrated South African encyclopaedia. Central News Agency, Johannesburg, about 211pp

Links externos

 blaauwberg.net
 web.archive.org

Heróis

Wolraad Woltemade


François Pinault () este un om de afaceri francez miliardar, acționar majoritar și președinte onorific al conglomeratului de retail Kering și colecționar de artă.

Biografie
François Pinault s-a născut la 21 august 1936 în Les Champs-Géraux, o comună din nordul Bretaniei, în vestul Franței.

Referințe

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1936
Miliardari francezi
Oameni din Côtes-d'Armor
Oameni de afaceri francezi din secolul XX
Oamenii de afaceri francezi din secolul XXI

François Pinault


Sydamerikansk dværgand () er en andefugl, der lever i Sydamerika.

Kilder
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Ænder
Argentinas fugle
Bolivias fugle
Paraguays fugle
Uruguays fugle

Sydamerikansk dværgand


Mário Augusto de Vasconcelos Cardoso, mais conhecido como Mário Cardozo ou Mário de Vasconcelos Cardoso GOA • ComIH • ComIP (Guimarães, 1 de Março de 1889 - Guimarães, 14 de Julho de 1982), foi um militar e arqueólogo português. Foi presidente da Sociedade Martins Sarmento, tendo-se destacado pelos seus trabalhos arqueológicos nos castros da Citânia de Briteiros e de Sabroso.

Biografia
Nasceu no concelho de Guimarães, em 1889.

Enveredou pela carreira militar, tendo alcançado o posto de coronel. Durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial, combateu em Angola e Moçambique.

Também se destacou pelos seus estudos sobre história, etnografia e arqueologia no concelho de Guimarães, tendo dirigido a publicação científica Revista de Guimarães em 1926 e de 1965 a 1972. Travou conhecimento com grandes nomes da arqueologia a nível internacional, como Garcia y Bellido (es), Blanco Freijeiro (es), Alberto Balil (es), Chistopher Hawkes (en), Hubert Newman Savory, Beatrice Blance e Jean Arnal (fr), que colaboraram na sua revista. Publicou cerca de quatrocentos trabalhos, alguns em livro e outros em artigos de revistas científicas portuguesas e estrangeiras.

Presidiu à Sociedade Martins Sarmento durante quase quatro décadas, tendo sido responsável pelo desenvolvimento daquela instituição, principalmente a biblioteca e o museu, sobre o qual editou vários catálogos. Foi igualmente o responsável pelos trabalhos arqueológicos nos castros da Citânia de Briteiros e de Sabroso, tendo coordenado mais de trinta campanhas de escavações, e sido o autor de uma monografia sobre aqueles dois monumentos. Coordenou uma série de campanhas arqueológicas anuais na Citânia de Briteiros entre 1930 e 1961, tendo feito a sua última escavação no local em 1968. Em 1970, declinou um convite da Câmara Municipal de Guimarães para mais trabalhos arqueológicos na Citânia de Briteiros, justificando esta decisão com a falta de financiamento por parte da Direcção-Geral dos Edifícios e Monumentos Nacionais, que até à década de 1960 tinha suportado as suas campanhas anuais. Nesse ano criticou igualmente as condições de degradação em que já se encontrava o monumento, tal como o de Sabroso. Em 1972, num artigo na Revista de Guimarães voltou a denunciar a falta de atenção do governo para com o património nacional, comparando a situação portuguesa com a espanhola, onde estavam a ser realizadas grandes obras nos monumentos.

Faleceu em 1982, no concelho de Guimarães.

Homenagens
Foi condecorado com o grau de comendador da Ordem Militar de Avis em 4 de Fevereiro de 1943, ascendendo ao grau de grande-oficial da mesma ordem em 18 de Dezembro de 1946, e com as comendas da Ordem da Instrução Pública em 2 de Fevereiro de 1944 e da Ordem do Infante D. Henrique em 12 de Julho de 1972.

Em 18 de Outubro de 2006, o seu nome foi colocado na Escola Básica dos 2.º e 3.º Ciclos de São João da Ponte e o Agrupamento Vertical de Escolas de Ponte, ambas no concelho de Guimarães.

Obras publicadas
Dispersos: Colectânea de artigos publicados, desde 1876 a 1899, sobre arqueologia, etnologia, mitologia, epigrafia e arte pré-histórica: Dr. Francisco Martins Sarmento (1833-1899) - Coligida por Domingos da Costa Araújo, Mário Cardozo, Ruy de Serpa Pinto (Imprensa da Universidade, 1933)
Correspondência epistolar entre Emílio Hubner e Martins Sarmento: Arqueologia e epigrafia, 1879-1899 - Coligida e anotada por Mário Cardozo (Sociedade Martins Sarmento, 1947)
Cartas de Leite de Vasconcelos a Martins Sarmento: Arqueologia e Etnografia: 1879-1899 - Anotações de Mário Cardozo (Sociedade Martins Sarmento, 1958)
La "Société Martins Sarmento". La "Citânia de Briteiros" et le "Castro" de Sabroso (1960)
Especímenes de suásticas do Museu Arqueológico de "Martins Sarmento", em Guimarães (Portugal) (Sociedade Martins Sarmento, 1980)
Francisco Martins Sarmento: Esboço da sua Vida e Obra Científica (Sociedade Martins Sarmento, 1982)
Catálogo do Museu de Arqueologia da Sociedade Martins Sarmento: Secção de epigrafia latina e de escultura antiga (Sociedade Martins Sarmento, 1985)
Citânia de Briteiros e Castro de Sabroso: Notícia descritiva para servir de guia ao visitante (Sociedade Martins Sarmento, 1986)

Leitura recomendada

Nascidos em 1889
Mortos em 1982
Naturais de Guimarães
Arqueólogos de Portugal
Coronéis de Portugal
Grandes-Oficiais da Ordem Militar de Avis
Comendadores da Ordem do Infante D. Henrique
Comendadores da Ordem da Instrução Pública
Veteranos da Primeira Guerra Mundial de Portugal

Mário de Vasconcelos Cardoso


Mama Said ist das zweite Studioalbum von Lenny Kravitz. Es erschien im April 1991 bei Virgin Records.

Zur Entstehung
Bei der Entstehung des Albums war Gitarrist Slash von Guns N' Roses beteiligt, der das Stück Always on the Run mitschrieb und auch auf dem Album spielte, ebenfalls war er bei Fields of Joy zu hören. Zudem schrieb Sean Lennon All I Ever Wanted mit. Kravitz zitierte viel aus dem Rock der 1960er- und 70er-Jahre. Erstmals gelang ihm der Sprung in die Top-40 in den USA. Auch viele funkige Riffs sind auf dem Album zu hören.

Erfolg
Das Album erreichte Platz 39 der Billboard 200 und Platin in den USA, Platz 20 der deutschen Charts sowie Platz acht in Großbritannien. Stephen Thomas Erlewine von Allmusic nannte es polierter und studierter als den Vorgänger und bewertete es mit 4 von 5. Rezensator.de vergab 6 von 10 Sternen und schrieb: "Insgesamt legt Kravitz wieder ordentliche Songs vor. Trotz aller schönen Momente kann Kravitz aber nicht restlos überzeugen."

Titelliste
Alle Stücke wurden von Lenny Kravitz geschrieben, außer wenn anders angegeben.

 Fields of Joy (Michael Kamen, Hal Fredericks) – 4:03
 Arrangiert von Doug Neslund & Kravitz
 Always on the Run (Kravitz, Slash) – 3:57
 Featuring Slash
 Stand by My Woman (Kravitz, Henry Hirsch, Stephen Mark Pasch, Anthony Krizan) – 4:16
 It Ain't Over 'til It's Over – 3:55
 More Than Anything In This World – 3:43
 What Goes Around Comes Around – 4:40
 The Difference Is Why – 4:48
 Stop Draggin' Around – 2:37
 Flowers for Zoë – 2:45
 Fields of Joy (Reprise) (Kamen, Fredricks) – 3:57
 Arrangiert von Kravitz
 All I Ever Wanted (Kravitz, Sean Lennon) – 4:04
 When the Morning Turns to Night – 2:58
 What the Fuck Are We Saying? – 5:13
 Butterfly – 1:50

Einzelnachweise

Lenny-Kravitz-Album
Album (Hard Rock)
Album (Funk)
Album 1991

Mama Said


Virginíuheggur (fræðiheiti: Prunus virginiana) er lauftré eða runni af rósaætt sem vex í Norður-Ameríku. Hann verður yfirleitt 1-6 metra hár, hæstur 10 metra.

Undirtegundir
Prunus virginiana var. virginiana: Austlæg útbreiðsla
Prunus virginiana var. demissa: Vestlæg útbreiðsla
Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa

Tenglar
Kjarnaskógur - Virginíuheggur

Rósaætt
Lauftré

Virginíuheggur


Ivo Mazzucchelli, né à Rome le 24 avril 1943, est un joueur entraîneur italien de rugby à XV.

Mazzucchelli évoluait au poste de seconde ligne et compte 20 sélections en équipe d'Italie de rugby à XV.

Biographie
Né à Rome en 1943, Mazzucchelli débute par la natation, car son père est magasinier du complexe CONI des piscines Foro Italico. Ainsi, il intègre la section natation du SS Lazio à l'âge de 15 ans après avoir été remarqué par certains observateurs du club. Par la suite, il s'oriente vers le water-polo et, une fois devenu adulte, est convoqué en 1961 à une audition par la section rugby du club omnisports : le Polisportiva SS Lazio Rugby 1927.

L'essai est concluant, et Mazzucchelli débute en équipe première dès le début de la saison suivante dans un rôle de deuxième ligne.

En 1965, il fait ses débuts internationaux à Pau au stade de la Croix du Prince pour le match annuel de Pâques contre la France, qui se solde par une défaite 0-21.

Après la Lazio, Ivo Mazzucchelli rejoint le Rugby Rome puis le Rugby Parme ; en 1975, lors du match de Coupe d'Europe contre la Roumanie, il était capitaine de l'équipe nationale pour la première et unique fois, menant l'équipe à un match nul 3-3. Un an plus tard, il termine sa carrière internationale, à Parme, à nouveau en Coupe d'Europe contre la Roumanie, ainsi qu'en club.

Dès la fin de sa carrière de compétiteur, il se consacre à son activité de biologiste nutritionnel, avec un intérêt particulier pour la nutrition dans le sport ; Mazzucchelli entraine le Polisportiva SS Lazio Rugby 1927 pendant une saison en 1984 , il est également responsable de la section jeunes du même club et a enseigné les sciences de la nutrition à l'ancienne ISEF de Rome.

A l'occasion des élections régionales dans le Latium en 2010, il est candidat au poste de conseiller sur la liste de soutien à Emma Bonino.

Références

Liens externes

Joueur international italien de rugby à XV
Deuxième ligne (rugby à XV)
Joueur du Rugby Parme
Joueur du Rugby Rome
Sportif italien du XXe siècle
Biologiste italien du XXe siècle
Biologiste italien du XXIe siècle
Naissance en avril 1943
Naissance à Rome

Ivo Mazzucchelli


Sultana Levy Rosenblatt (Belém, 10 de julho de 1910 - McLean (Virgínia), EUA, 28 de março de 2007), foi uma escritora brasileira de ascendência judia sefardita. Foi participante do movimento modernista brasileiro de Belém, em sua terceira fase (segunda metade da década de 1940).

Biografia
De família judaica, a escritora registrou em suas obras a trajetória dos seus antepassados que deixaram o Marrocos para vir se fixar na Amazônia do século XIX, em busca de riqueza material (por conta do Ciclo da Borracha) e liberdade religiosa, já que no Brasil ao menos em tese poderiam ser aceitos como imigrantes brancos e não teriam que viver em guetos cercados por muçulmanos hostis. Seu pai, Eliezer Levy, foi figura proeminente na sociedade local, tendo sido prefeito de Afuá, no Pará, e de Macapá, no Amapá. Coronel da Guarda Nacional, era contudo mais conhecido como Major Levy, e chegou a fundar um jornal sionista, o Kol Israel ("A Voz de Israel").

Na infância, a escritora frequentou um grupo escolar em Vila Pinheiros (atual distrito de Icoaraci, em Belém), e conta ali ter experimentado o que registrou como o primeiro caso de antissemitismo em sua vida: a professora escreveu quatro vocábulos femininos na lousa para que as alunas dessem a versão masculina dos mesmos: sultana, judia, ladra, galinha. A escritora conta ter entrado em choque, pois embora fosse Sultana e judia, não era ladra de galinhas. O abalo emocional foi tão forte que ela passou dias sem ir à escola, mas que ao retornar, foi bem recebida pela professora, que lhe perguntou afavelmente porque se ausentara por tanto tempo.

A escritora guarda melhores recordações de seus anos no curso ginasial, quando frequentou o Colégio Estadual Paes de Carvalho e começou a publicar seus escritos, tanto no "jornal" dos rapazes quanto na "revista" das moças. Segundo Sultana Levy Rosenblatt,

Casada com Martin Rosenblatt, um cidadão estadunidense, teve três filhos com ele e faleceu nos Estados Unidos, onde residia. A família Rosenblatt chegou a residir em Porto Rico em 1949, por conta do trabalho do marido, e ali a escritora escreveu seu segundo romance, Chavito Pietro, que só seria publicado em 1957.

Obras
 Uma Grande Mancha de Sol (1951)
 Chavito Pietro (1957)
 Barracão (1959)
 Reviravolta (1978)
 As virgens de Ipujucama (1978)
 A visita a sua alteza: o Sr. Príncipe (1999, peça teatral)

Ligações externas

Nascidos em 1910
Escritores do Pará
Naturais de Belém (Pará)
Judeus do Pará
Brasileiros de ascendência marroquina

Sultana Levy Rosenblatt


Cet article dresse une liste par ordre de mandat des maires de Meymac.

Liste des maires

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Conseil municipal
 Élection municipale en France
 Histoire des maires de France
 Maire
 Meymac

Liens externes

 Site internet de la mairie de Meymac

Maire
Meymac

Liste des maires de Meymac


Andreea Stefanescu () este o gimnastă italiană de origine română, decorată cu Ordinul Național de Merit al Republicii Italiene, precum și cu cea mai înaltă distincție a Comitetului Olimpic Italian, Collare d'oro al merito sportivo.

Biografie

A început să practice gimnastica ritmică în România la vârsta de 6 ani, iar în 2006 a emigrat împreună cu familia, stabilindu-se la Spoleto, în provincia Perugia. Calitățile sale au făcut ca Federația să-i propună încă din 2007 să devină cetățean italian, lucru care s-a întâmplat cu puțin timp înainte de Campionatul European din 2008.

A făcut parte din echipa Italiei la Campionatele Mondiale de gimnastică ritmică din 2010 și 2011, echipă care a câștigat medalia de aur la echipe compus. Colegele ei au câștigat de asemenea și medalii de bronz la Campionatul mondial din 2012 în probele de 5 mingi, respectiv 3 panglici și 2 cercuri, precum și o medalie de bronz la Jocurile Olimpice din 2012 la echipe compus împreună cu celelalte membre ale echipei (Elisa Blanchi, Marta Pagnini, Elisa Santoni, Anzhelika Savrayuk, Romina Laurito).

Note

Legături externe

Nașteri în 1993
Nașteri pe 13 decembrie
Gimnaste
Sportivi italieni
Medaliați la Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 2012

Andreea Stefanescu


An Guzmania monostachia in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl von Linné, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Henry Hurd Rusby och Carl Christian Mez. An Guzmania monostachia in nahilalakip ha genus nga Guzmania, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Guzmania

Guzmania monostachia


Grafi2000, Türkiye'de animasyon ile ilgilenen bir ekiptir.

2000 yılından beri çalışmalarını sürdüren bu ekip, ilk Türk çizgi dizisi Pembe ve Mavi'yi yapan animasyon şirketidir. Bunların yanı sıra, Kanal D'de bir müddet devam eden programlar yapmıştır. Ekip, yöntem olarak eleştirel bir tutum veya "hem güldüren, hem de düşündüren" bir yaklaşım yerine, absürt komedi anlayışı üzerinde durmaktadır. Ekip, bunun yanında Cartoon Network Türkiye'de yayınlanan çizgi dizi Kral Şakir'in yapımcısıdır. Kral Şakir sayesinde daha fazla tanınan şirket, bu yapımı dünyaya açmıştır.

Programları
 Grafi2000 Comedy
 Koca Kafalar Televizyonu (2009)
 Acar Kafadarlar
 Haneler
 Orhan Oyundan Ne Anlar (2013)

Dizileri
 Şahin & Çetesi (2011)
 Çınar (2012)

Çizgi Filmleri
 Pembe ve Mavi (2004)
 Koca Kafalar (2009)
 Harbi Tivi (2009)
 Noel Dayı (2011)
 Fırıldak Ailesi (2013)
 Çürük Ali ve Mikrop Necati (2014)
 Kral Şakir (2016)
 Pictoos Trafik Hayattır (2017)
 Süper 1 Takım (2021)

Filmler

 Fırıldak Ailesi (film) (2017)
 Kral Şakir: Oyun Zamanı (2018)
 Kral Şakir: Korsanlar Diyarı (2019)
 Kral Şakir: Mikrop Avcıları (2021)
 Kral Şakir: Cumburlop (2021)
 Kral Şakir: Geri Dönüşüm (2022)

Dış bağlantılar
Resmi sitesi

Kaynakça

Türkiye'deki animasyon stüdyoları

Grafi2000


Le bariolage multi-environnement (BME) est le motif de camouflage standard de l'armée française. Il est destiné à remplacer le camouflage Centre-Europe et le camouflage Daguet en 2024.

Histoire
Le projet débute en mars 2016, lorsque de nombreuses armées du monde travaillent sur le MultiCam, un camouflage adapté à pratiquement tous les environnements et saisons.

Le projet a été conduit par la Section technique de l'Armée de terre, en relation avec le Service du commissariat des armées et la Direction générale de l'armement.

Caractéristiques
Il est composé de six couleurs, avec des formes de grande taille qui forment un effet de dégradé avec de petites formes. Des triangles sont aussi ajoutés, rappelant le camouflage Scorpion utilisé sur les véhicules de combat de l'Armée française. Il accroît la furtivité du combattant, puisque son temps de détection est 25 % plus long que pour le CCE.

Notes et références

Centre Europe
Forces armées de la France
Uniformes militaires français

Bariolage multi-environnement


Keisuke Matsumoto (født 17. juni 1988) er en japansk tidligere professionel fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Grulla Morioka.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Keisuke Matsumoto


2. Zagrebačka liga u sezoni 2016./17. predstavlja 2. rang županijske lige u Gradu Zagrebu, te ligu šestog ranga hrvatskog nogometnog prvenstva.  Sudjelovalo je 10 klubova, a ligu je osvojila momčad Brezovice.

Ljestvica

Horvati 1975 odustali nakon jesenskog dijela prvenstva.

Rezultatska križaljka
podebljan rezltat - igrano u prvom (1. – 9. kolo) i trećem (19. – 27. kolo) dijelu lige
rezultat normalne debljine - igrano u drugom dijelu lige (10. – 18. kolo)
 prekrižen rezultat  - poništena ili brisana utakmica

Izvori:

Poveznice
 Zagrebački nogometni savez
 zns.hr, 2. ŽNL (2. Zagrebačka liga)
 2. Zagrebačka liga
 3. Zagrebačka liga 2016./17.
 Kup Zagrebačkog nogometnog saveza 2016./17.

Izvori

 zns.hr, Nogomet - službeno glasilo ZNS-a, br. 18, god. 2017., objavljeno i preuzeto 14. lipnja 2017.
 zns.hr, 2. Zagrebačka lga 2016./17., rezultati 27. kola i konačna ljestvica, preuzeto 14. lipnja 2017.
 rsssf.com, Hrvatska 2016./17., 6. rang - 2. ŽNL

2016-17
Zagreb-2

2. Zagrebačka NL 2016./17.