Rokoko, Barok stilinden sonra sanat akımlarına verilen addır. 18. yüzyılın ortalarına doğru Barok stilinde kullanılan doğru çizgilerden meydana getirilen süslemeye karşı tepki olarak doğmuş olan barok stilin hatları gibi eğri  çizgili motiflerden ibaret olup Baroktan daha ince ve şekillerin kıvrımları daha zarif bir stildir.

Barok stiline karşı tepki olarak klasik stilin yeniden ortaya çıkmasından sonra Rokoko deyimi modası geçmiş şey anlamına kullanılmıştır.

13. yüzyılda kalın malzeme inceltilmek suretiyle levhalar haline gelmiştir. İnceltilmiş olan demir malzeme Rokoko stilinde yapılmış süslü işlerde kullanılmıştır. Bu stilde malzemeyi şekillendirmede kullanılan takım izleri açık olarak bellidir. Uç kısımları boncuk baskı ile izlenerek sonradan kısaçla içe veya dışa doğru bükülmüştür. Yarmalar dövülerek, bitki yapraklarını stilize edecek şekilde yapılmıştır. Dövülerek inceltilen kesit değişmeleri bazı yerlerde geometrik şekiller meydana gelecek şekilde delinmiştir. İnceltilmiş olan kesit kurşun üzerinde bombe başlı çekiç ile çukurlaştırılarak diğer yüzde kabarıklar elde edilir.

Bel (gövde) genellikle kare veya lama (dikdörtgen) gereçten yapılır. Rokoko stilinde yapılmış işlerde, sanatçı motifin her yerini en iyi işleme gayretini göstermiştir. Rokoko stilinde çerçeve kullanılmaz. Serbestlik esası konuya hakimse de simetrik konum çıkılmamıştır.

Dış bağlantılar

Rokoko


Lütau Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Herzogtum Lauenburg iline bağlı bölge. 11,24 km² yüzölçüme sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Eylül 2006 itibarıyla yaklaşık 730 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Jürgen Awe tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.lauenburg.de

Herzogtum Lauenburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Lütau


HR Lupi (HR Lup) es una estrella de la constelación de Lupus, el lobo, de magnitud aparente +5,76. Se encuentra, de acuerdo a la nueva reducción de los datos de paralaje de Hipparcos, a 361 ± 13 años luz de distancia del sistema solar.
Es miembro de la Asociación estelar Scorpius OB2-3, a la que también pertenecen δ Lupi, ε Lupi y η Lupi, todas ellas también en la constelación de Lupus.

HR Lupi es una subgigante blanco-azulada de tipo espectral B8IV.
Su temperatura efectiva es de 12.000 K y su luminosidad es 117 veces mayor que la luminosidad solar.
Tiene un radio 2,5 veces más grande que el del Sol y completa un giro sobre sí misma en 0,88 días.
Su masa es 3,1 veces mayor que la masa solar pero no existe consenso en cuanto a su edad; mientras una fuente señala una edad de 63 millones de años, otra eleva esta cifra hasta los 141 millones de años.
No presenta exceso en la radiación infrarroja emitida a 24 μm, por lo que no parece estar rodeada por un disco de polvo circunestelar.

HR Lupi es una variable Alfa2 Canum Venaticorum que presenta una variación de brillo de 0,05 magnitudes.
Es una estrella químicamente peculiar —en concreto muestra líneas de absorción fuertes de silicio— con un gran campo magnético efectivo <Be> de 2173 G, más del doble del de Cor Caroli (α2 Canum Venaticorum) y comparable al de KQ Velorum o V911 Scorpii.
Asimismo, HR Lupi forma un sistema binario con una compañera estelar cuya separación respecto a ella es de 1,22 segundos de arco.
Se piensa que la acompañante es una estrella presecuencia principal de tipo espectral K2-K3V con una masa de 1,17 masas solares.

Referencias

Subgigantes
Estrellas binarias
Estrellas variables
Variables Alfa2 Canum Venaticorum
Constelación de Lupus

HR Lupi


et  sont deux geysers de type « cône » situés dans le Upper Geyser Basin dans le parc national de Yellowstone aux États-Unis. Depuis plusieurs décennies, ils entrent en éruption en même temps, et sont donc en général évoqués ensemble. Les archives qui détaillent leurs éruptions connues montrent qu'elles sont peu fréquentes et irrégulières.

Histoire
L'effet de  et de  autour d'eux et la taille de leurs cônes respectifs révèlent qu'ils étaient autrefois très actifs. Cependant, jusqu'en 1925, il s'agissait de deux geysers très proches l'un de l'autre car les caractéristiques de leurs éruptions étaient très différentes de celles d'aujourd'hui. Juste avant 1925, les deux geysers ont dû se connecter dans le sol pour ne former plus qu'un très grand geyser.  a été nommé par l'expédition Washburn-Langford-Doane de 1870.  a été nommé par  en 1883 puisque ses éruptions ressemblaient à la mise à feu d'un mortier.

Localisation
Les deux geysers se trouvent au bord de la rivière Firehole. Ils sont facilement visibles depuis le pont et le trottoir menant directement au nord de Morning Glory Pool. Cette zone se situe un peu au nord de Riverside Geyser.

Description
Les deux geysers se trouvent au bord de la rivière Firehole, de l'autre côté comparé à Riverside Geyser.

 est constitué d'un grand cône ressemblant à un mortier sur la gauche. Il est composé d'un évent dans le cône, connu sous le nom de , d'un évent juste en dessous, appelé , ainsi que d'un autre évent plus petit à gauche de .

 est composé d'au moins sept évents alignés à peu près perpendiculairement à la rivière. Ils sont connus, en commençant le plus près de la rivière, sous les noms (s), , , , ,  et . De nombreux autres évents sont disséminés dans la région, ainsi qu'un autre geyser, près de la promenade, appelé .

Caractéristiques des éruptions
Les geysers suivent une série de cycles d'activité mineure avant une éruption majeure. La plupart du temps, ce cycle suit les étapes suivantes :

 Tous les évents sont silencieux.
  s'active. S'il s'arrête avant qu' ne s'active, cela s'appelle une «  ».
  s'active.
  s'active à son tour. Si cet évent et tous les autres s'arrêtent avant qu' ne s'active, cela s'appelle une «  ».
  s'active. Le cycle est terminé.

Ce cycle s'accompagne généralement d'éclaboussures de la part de  et parfois d'éruptions de . Une fois tous les évents ci-dessus activés, si  et  commencent à entrer en éruption régulièrement à plus d', la situation est appelée  (verrou en français). La plupart du temps,  et  entreront en éruption peu de temps après le , mais ce n'est pas toujours le cas.

En général, les geysers sont connus pour entrer en éruption à la fin du cycle ci-dessus, bien qu'il y ait déjà eu des éruptions qui ont commencé par , ou encore plus rarement, par . Avant une éruption, les niveaux d'eau dans l'ensemble de la zone augmentent. Cependant, les geysers peuvent entrer en éruption à tout moment. Leur éruption deviendra plus puissante et le niveau d'eau dans la zone augmentera. L'intensité des éclaboussures dans la rivière et des évents principaux augmenteront, et une poussée massive de l'évent est pourrait provoquer l'éruption. Tous les évents de  propulseront constamment de l'eau, notamment  qui peut l'envoyer jusqu'à la promenade, et même parfois au-delà. On comprendra alors l'origine du nom de , car l'eau jaillit des sept évents, ce qui crée alors une large forme de ventilateur qui peut atteindre des hauteurs de plus de  et des arcs d'eau au-dessus de la promenade et atterrissant à  de l'évent. , bien qu'il ne soit pas aussi spectaculaire que , envoie des jets d'eau de ses deux évents principaux jusqu'à  de haut. Parfois, un évent dominera l'éruption en envoyant un panache d'eau à plus de  dans les airs. L'éruption durera généralement environ , jusqu'à ce qu'elle s'arrête, puis redémarre à nouveau, cette fois en diminuant de puissance. Cela continuera jusqu'à l'arrêt de l'éruption,  après. Ils peuvent alors entrer dans une légère phase durant laquelle les geysers projettent de brèves bouffées de vapeur.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Geyser dans le comté de Teton (Wyoming)
Geyser dans le parc national de Yellowstone

Fan Geyser et Mortar Geyser


Broddklukka (fræðiheiti: Campanula marchesettii) er tegund af klukkuætt (Campanulaceae), ættuð frá Slóveníu, Króatíu og mið Apennínafjöllum.

Tilvísanir

Bláklukkur

Broddklukka


කිසියම් වස්තුවක කක්ෂීය කාලාවර්තය යනු, තවත් වස්තුවක් වටා එක් සම්පූර්ණ කක්ෂයක් ගමන් කිරීමට එයට ගතවන කාලය වෙයි.

තාරකා විද්‍යාවෙහි ගැඹුරට නොගොස් මෙය විස්තර කළ හොත් මෙයින් හැඳින්වෙන්නේ, තාරකා වලට සාපේක්ෂව ගණනය කෙරෙන,  තාරකා විද්‍යාත්මක වස්තුවක නක්ෂත්‍ර කාලාවර්තය වෙයි .

සූර්යයා (හෝ වෙනත්  බගෝලීය වස්තුවක්) වටා, වස්තුවක කක්ෂීය කාලාවර්තයන් විවිධ වර්ගයන් වෙති:

 නක්ෂත්‍ර කාලාවර්තය යනු, තාරකා වලට සාපේක්ෂව, වස්තුවක් විසින් සම්පූර්ණ කක්ෂයක ගමනෙහි යෙදීමෙහි කාලික චක්‍රයයි. මෙය, අවස්ථිතික (භ්‍රමණය-නොවන) සමුද්දේශ රාමුවක කක්ෂීය කාලාවර්තය වෙයි.

 සංගම කාලාවර්තය

 ඩරකොනිටීය කාලාවර්තය

තාරකා විද්‍යාවේ කාලය පරාමිතිය
කක්ෂ

කක්ෂීය කාලාවර්තය


Der Ohrkanus-Hörbuch- und Hörspielpreis würdigte besondere Leistungen der deutschen Sprachkultur in den Medien Hörbuch und Hörspiel im deutschsprachigen Raum. Er wurde von 2007 bis 2013 jährlich vom Ohrkanus e. V.  verliehen; einem Verein, der es sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, die genannten Medien in der Öffentlichkeit bekannter zu machen.

Die Jury setzte sich zu drei gleichen Teilen zusammen aus dem Ohrkanus-Vorstand und Kritikern, Produzenten und Fans im Internet. Die ersten Verleihungen des Preises, der in rund 20 Kategorien vergeben wurde, fanden in den Jahren 2007 bis 2009 in Rüsselsheim und in Essen statt. Von 2010 bis 2013 wurde der Preis in Berlin verliehen. Die Preisverleihung 2011 im Kino Babylon konnte live im Internet auf HörbuchFM mitverfolgt werden.

Eine Preisverleihung im Jahre 2014 wurde aus finanziellen und zeitlichen Gründen abgesagt. 2014 teilten die Veranstalter in einem Facebook-Kommentar mit, dass sie keine Motivation und Zeit mehr finden, die Veranstaltung fortzusetzen. Auch die Website ist mittlerweile nicht mehr online.

Einzelnachweise

Hörspielpreis (Deutschland)

Ohrkanus-Hörbuch- und Hörspielpreis


Daniel Jeffery Henderson (n. 24 august 1970) este un fost luptător de arte marțiale mixte și luptător olimpic american, care a luptat ultima dată în UFC la categoria mijlocie. A fost ultimul campion la categoria semigrea din Strikeforce.

Campionate și realizări

Arte Marțiale Mixte
Ultimate Fighting Championship
UFC 17 Middleweight Tournament Championship
Fight of the Night (4 ori)
Knockout of the Night (o dată)
Performance of the Night (2 ori)
2011 Fight of the Year vs. Maurício Rua on November 19
Cel mai bătrân luptător în a lupta pentru un titlu în UFC (46 de ani)
Pride Fighting Championships
Pride Middleweight Championship (O dată; Ultimul)
Pride Welterweight Championship (O dată; Primul; Ultimul)
Campion Pride Welterweight Grand Prix 2005
Primul luptător în a câștiga centuri în douo categori diferite în PRIDE
Primul luptător în a deține douo centuri în același timp în PRIDE
Unul dintr-e cei doi luptători care au câștigat turnee în Pride FC și UFC
Strikeforce
Strikeforce Light Heavyweight Championship (O dată, Ultimul)
Cel mai bătrân luptător în a câștiga un titlu în Strikeforce (40 de ani, 194 zile)
Fighting Network RINGS
RINGS King of Kings 1999 Tournament Winner
Brazil Open Fight
Brazil Open 1997 Lightweight Tournament Winner
World MMA Awards
2009 Knockout of the Year vs. Michael Bisping on July 11
ESPN
2011 Fight of the Year vs. Maurício Rua on November 19
2011 Round of the Year vs. Maurício Rua on November 19; Round 1
Sherdog
2011 All-Violence Second Team
Inside MMA
2011 Fight of the Year Bazzie Award vs. Maurício Rua on November 19
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
2011 Fight of the Year vs. Maurício Rua on November 19
MMAFighting
2011 Fight of the Year vs. Maurício Rua on November 19
Yahoo! Sports
2011 Fight of the Year vs. Maurício Rua on November 19
2009 Knockout of the Year vs. Michael Bisping on July 11
FIGHT! Magazine
2009 Knockout of the Year vs. Michael Bisping on July 11
Bleacher Report
2009 Knockout of the Year vs. Michael Bisping on July 11
Black Belt Magazine
2007 MMA Fighter of the Year

Rezultate în arte marțiale mixte

|-
|Înfrângere
|align=center|32–15
|Michael Bisping
|Decizie (unanim)
|UFC 204
|
|align=center|5
|align=center|5:00
|Manchester, Anglia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 32–14
| Hector Lombard
| KO (head kick and elbows)
| UFC 199
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:27
| Inglewood, California, SUA
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 31–14
| Vitor Belfort
| KO (head kick and punches)
| UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson 3
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:07
| São Paulo, Brazilia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 31–13
| Tim Boetsch
| KO (punches)
| UFC Fight Night: Boetsch vs. Henderson
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:28
| New Orleans, Louisiana, SUA
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 30–13
| Gegard Mousasi
| TKO (punches)
| UFC on Fox: Gustafsson vs. Johnson
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:10
| Stockholm, Suedia
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 30–12
| Daniel Cormier
| Technical Submission (rear-naked choke)
| UFC 173
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:53
| Las Vegas, Nevada, SUA
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 30–11
| Maurício Rua
| KO (punches)
| UFC Fight Night: Shogun vs. Henderson 2
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 1:31
| Natal, Brazilia
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 29–11
| Vitor Belfort
| KO (punch and head kick)
| UFC Fight Night: Belfort vs. Henderson
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:17
| Goiânia, Brazilia
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 29–10
| Rashad Evans
| Decizie (split)
| UFC 161
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 29–9
| Lyoto Machida
| Decizie (split)
| UFC 157
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Anaheim, California, SUA
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 29–8
| Maurício Rua
| Decizie (unanim)
| UFC 139
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| 5:00
| San Jose, California, SUA
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 28–8
| Fedor Emelianenko
| KO (punches)
| Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Henderson
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:12
| Hoffman Estates, Illinois, SUA
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 27–8
| Rafael Cavalcante
| TKO (punches)
| Strikeforce: Feijao vs. Henderson
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 0:50
| Columbus, Ohio, SUA
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 26–8
| Renato Sobral
| KO (punches)
| Strikeforce: St. Louis
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:53
| St. Louis, Missouri, SUA
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 25–8
| Jake Shields
| Decizie (unanim)
| Strikeforce: Nashville
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| 5:00
| Nashville, Tennessee, SUA
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 25–7
| Michael Bisping
| KO (punch)
| UFC 100
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 3:20
| Las Vegas, Nevada, SUA
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 24–7
| Rich Franklin
| Decizie (split)
| UFC 93
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Dublin, Irlanda
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 23–7
| Rousimar Palhares
| Decizie (unanim)
| UFC 88
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Atlanta, Georgia, SUA
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 22–7
| Anderson Silva
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| UFC 82
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 4:52
| Columbus, Ohio, SUA
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 22–6
| Quinton Jackson
| Decizie (unanim)
| UFC 75
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| 5:00
| Londra, Anglia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 22–5
| Wanderlei Silva
| KO (punch)
| Pride 33
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 2:08
| Las Vegas, Nevada, SUA
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 21–5
| Vitor Belfort
| Decizie (unanim)
| Pride 32 – The Real Deal
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Las Vegas, Nevada, SUA
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 20–5
| Kazuo Misaki
| Decizie (unanim)
| Pride – Bushido 12
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Nagoya, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 20–4
| Kazuo Misaki
| Decizie (unanim)
| Pride – Bushido 10
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 19–4
| Murilo Bustamante
| Decizie (split)
| Pride Shockwave 2005
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Saitama, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 18–4
| Akihiro Gono
| KO (punches)
| Pride Bushido 9
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 7:58
| Tokyo, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 17–4
| Ryo Chonan
| TKO (punches)
| Pride Bushido 9
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:22
| Tokyo, Japonia
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 16–4
| Antônio Rogério Nogueira
| Submission (armbar)
| Pride Total Elimination 2005
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 8:05
| Osaka, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 16–3
| Yuki Kondo
| Decizie (split)
| Pride Shockwave 2004
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Saitama, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 15–3
| Kazuhiro Nakamura
| TKO (shoulder injury)
| Pride 28
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:15
| Saitama, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 14–3
| Murilo Bustamante
| TKO (punches)
| Pride Final Conflict 2003
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:53
| Tokyo, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 13–3
| Shungo Oyama
| TKO (punches)
| Pride 25
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:28
| Yokohama, Japonia
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 12–3
| Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira
| Submission (armbar)
| Pride 24
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 1:49
| Fukuoka, Japonia
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 12–2
| Ricardo Arona
| Decizie (split)
| Pride 20
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Yokohama, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 12–1
| Murilo Rua
| Decizie (split)
| Pride 17
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 11–1
| Akira Shoji
| TKO (punches and knees)
| Pride 14 – Clash of the Titans
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:18
| Yokohama, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 10–1
| Renzo Gracie
| KO (punch)
| Pride 13 – Collision Course
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:40
| Saitama, Japonia
|
|-
| Înfrângere
| align=center| 9–1
| Wanderlei Silva
| Decizie (unanim)
| Pride 12 – Cold Fury
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 10:00
| Saitama, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 9–0
| Renato Sobral
| Decizie (majoritară)
| Rings: King of Kings 1999 Final
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 8–0
| Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira
| Decizie (split)
| Rings: King of Kings 1999 Final
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 7–0
| Gilbert Yvel
| Decizie (unanim)
| Rings: King of Kings 1999 Final
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 6–0
| Hiromitsu Kanehara
| Decizie (majoritară)
| Rings: King of Kings 1999 Block A
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Tokyo, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 5–0
| Bakouri Gogitidze
| Submission (knee to the body)
| Rings: King of Kings 1999 Block A
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:17
| Tokyo, Japonia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 4–0
| Carlos Newton
| Decizie (split)
| UFC 17
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 15:00
| Mobile, Alabama, SUA
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 3–0
| Allan Goes
| Decizie (unanim)
| UFC 17
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 15:00
| Mobile, Alabama, SUA
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 2–0
| Eric Smith
| Technical Submission (standing guillotine choke)
| Brazil Open '97
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:30
| Brazilia
|
|-
| Victorie
| align=center| 1–0
| Crezio de Souza
| TKO (punches)
| Brazil Open '97
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 5:24
| Brazilia
|

Referințe

Practicanți de arte marțiale

Dan Henderson


Epidendrum paranaense é uma espécie de planta do gênero Epidendrum e da família Orchidaceae.

Taxonomia
A espécie foi descrita em 1882 por João Barbosa Rodrigues.

O seguinte sinônimo já fori catalogado:

 Epidendrum ramosum imbricatum  Ames et al.

Forma de vida
É uma espécie epífita e herbácea.

Conservação
A espécie faz parte da Lista Vermelha das espécies ameaçadas do estado do Espírito Santo, no sudeste do Brasil.

Distribuição
A espécie é endêmica do Brasil e encontrada nos estados brasileiros de Bahia, Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina e São Paulo. A espécie é encontrada nos  domínios fitogeográficos de Cerrado e Mata Atlântica, em regiões com vegetação de campos rupestres, mata ciliar e floresta ombrófila pluvial.

Ligações externas

 Epidendrum paranaense no projeto Flora e Funga do Brasil

Epidendrum
Flora do Espírito Santo (estado)
Espécies citadas na Lista Vermelha de Ameaça da Flora Brasileira
Espécies citadas na Lista de Espécies da Flora Ameaçadas do Espírito Santo
Plantas descritas em 1882

Epidendrum paranaense


An Zostera polychlamys in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni J.Kuo, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Surrey Wilfrid Laurance Jacobs och Les. An Zostera polychlamys in nahilalakip ha genus nga Zostera, ngan familia nga Zosteraceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo diri gud kababarak-an. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Zostera

Zostera polychlamys


Svjetsko juniorsko prvenstvo u skijaškim skokovima je međunarodno natjecanje u skijaškim skokovima za juniorsku dobnu kategoriju koje se održava svake godine počevši od 1979. godine.

Pojedinačno

Medalje po državama

Ekipno

Vidi
Svjetsko juniorsko prvenstvo u skijaškim skokovima
Svjetsko juniorsko prvenstvo u skijaškim skokovima u mješovitoj konkurenciji

Vanjske poveznice
Pregled na fis-ski.com

Natjecanja u skijaškim skokovima
Šport do 23 godine

Svjetsko žensko juniorsko prvenstvo u skijaškim skokovima


Petite Leçon d'amour est une comédie romantique franco-suisse réalisée par Ève Deboise et sortie en 2021. C'est le second long métrage de cette réalisatrice.

Synopsis

Julie trouve par hasard dans un café les copies égarées par un professeur. L'une d'elles est celle d'Océane, qui annonce son intention de se suicider demain à l'aube par amour. C'est le début d'une course effrénée pour empêcher le pire...

Fiche technique
 Titre original : Petite Leçon d'amour
 Réalisation : Ève Deboise
 Scénario : Ève Deboise
 Musique : Xavier Grin
 Décors : Aurette Leroy
 Costumes : Oriol Nogues
 Photographie : Lazare Pedron
 Montage : Chantal Hymans
 Producteur : Nathalie Mesuret
 Producteur associé : Bertrand Gore et Sandra Da Fonseca
 Sociétés de production : Blue Monday Productions et P.S. Productions
 Société de distribution : KMBO
 Pays :  et
 Langue originale : français
 Format : couleur — 2,35:1
 Genre : comédie romantique
 Durée : 87 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 France :
  (Saint-Jean-de-Luz)
  (en salles)

Distribution
 Lætitia Dosch : Julie
 Pierre Deladonchamps : Mathieu
 Paul Kircher : Lancelot
 Lorette Nyssen : Lia-Shrek
 Anouar Kardellas : Ajit
 Alizée Caugnies : Margot
 Kim Truong : Océane
 Aaron Kadouche : Sumo
 Évelyne Istria :  Marquet
 Stéphanie Bataille : la pharmacienne
 Léo Boucry : Staline
 Max Hertz : Trump

Tournage
Bien que l'action du film soit située à Paris et dans sa banlieue, le tournage a été partagé entre la capitale et la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film français sorti en 2021
Film suisse sorti en 2021
Comédie romantique française
Comédie romantique suisse

Petite Leçon d'amour


William Franklin "Frank" Mitchell is a Republican politician from North Carolina, USA.

A farmer and machine shop owner from Olin, he served six terms in the North Carolina General Assembly, representing North Carolina's ninety-sixth House district, including constituents in Iredell County. He lost the 2004 Republican primary to Julia Craven Howard after a hotly contested race.

Recent electoral history

2004

2002

2000

See also
Politics and government of North Carolina

References

|-

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Iredell County, North Carolina
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Democratic Party members of the North Carolina House of Representatives

W. Franklin Mitchell


Operation Castle was a United States series of high-yield (high-energy) nuclear tests by Joint Task Force 7 (JTF-7) at Bikini Atoll beginning in March 1954. It followed Operation Upshot–Knothole and preceded Operation Teapot.

Conducted as a joint venture between the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the Department of Defense (DoD), the ultimate objective of the operation was to test designs for an aircraft-deliverable thermonuclear weapon. All the devices tested, which ranged in weight from , were built to be dropped from aircraft. However, ballistic casings, fins and fusing systems would have to be attached.

Operation Castle was considered by government officials to be a success as it proved the feasibility of deployable "dry" fuel designs for thermonuclear weapons. There were technical difficulties with some of the tests: one device had a yield much lower than predicted (a "fizzle"), while two other bombs detonated with over twice their predicted yields. One test in particular, Castle Bravo, resulted in extensive radiological contamination. The fallout affected nearby islands including inhabitants and U.S. soldiers stationed there, as well as a nearby Japanese fishing boat (the Daigo Fukuryū Maru), resulting in one direct fatality, and then continued health problems for many of those exposed. Public reaction to the tests and an awareness of the long-range effects of nuclear fallout has been attributed as being part of the motivation for the Partial Test Ban Treaty of 1963.

Background

Bikini Atoll had previously hosted nuclear testing in 1946 as part of Operation Crossroads where the world's fourth and fifth atomic weapons were detonated in Bikini Lagoon. Since then, American nuclear weapons testing had moved to the Enewetak Atoll to take advantage of generally larger islands and deeper water. Both atolls were part of the American Pacific Proving Grounds.

The extremely high yields of the Castle weapons caused concern within the AEC that potential damage to the limited infrastructure already established at Enewetak would delay other operations. Additionally, the cratering from the Castle weapons was expected to be comparable to that of Ivy Mike, a 10.4 megatons of TNT (Mt) device tested at Enewetak in 1952 leaving a crater approximately  in diameter marking the location of the obliterated test island Elugelab.

The Ivy Mike test was the world's first "hydrogen bomb", producing a full-scale thermonuclear or fusion explosion. The Ivy Mike device used liquid deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen, making it a "wet" bomb. The complex dewar mechanisms needed to store the liquid deuterium at cryogenic temperatures made the device three stories tall and 82 tons in total weight, far too heavy and bulky to be a usable weapon. With the success of Ivy Mike as proof of the Teller-Ulam bomb concept, research began on using a "dry" fuel to make a practical fusion weapon so that the United States could begin production and deployment of thermonuclear weapons in quantity. The final result incorporated lithium deuteride as the fusion fuel in the Teller-Ulam design, vastly reducing size and weight and simplifying the overall design. Operation Castle was charted to test four dry fuel designs, two wet bombs, and one smaller device. The approval for Operation Castle was issued to JTF-7 by Major General Kenneth D. Nichols, the General Manager of the AEC, on January 21, 1954.

Experiments
Operation Castle was organized into seven experiments, all but one of which were to take place at Bikini Atoll. Below is the original test schedule (as of February 1954).

The Echo test was canceled due to the liquid fuel design becoming obsolete with the success of dry-fueled Bravo as noted above. Yankee was similarly considered obsolete and the Jughead device was replaced with a "Runt II" device (similar to the Union device), which was hastily completed at Los Alamos and flown to Bikini. With this revision, both of the wet fuel devices were removed from the test schedule.

Operation Castle was intended to test lithium deuteride (LiD) as a thermonuclear fusion fuel. A solid at room temperature, LiD, if it worked, would be far more practical than the cryogenic liquid deuterium fuel in the Ivy Mike device. The same Teller-Ulam principle would be used as in the Ivy Mike so-called "Sausage" device, but the fusion reactions were different. Ivy Mike fused deuterium with deuterium, but the LiD devices would fuse deuterium with tritium. The tritium was produced during the explosion by irradiating the lithium with fast neutrons.

Bravo, Yankee (II), and Union used lithium enriched in the Li-6 isotope (Bravo and Yankee used lithium enriched to 40% Li-6, while the lithium used in Union was enriched to 95% Li-6), while Romeo and Koon were fueled with natural lithium (92% Li-7, 7.5% Li-6). The use of natural lithium would be important to the ability of the US to rapidly expand its nuclear stockpile during the Cold War nuclear arms race, since the so-called "Alloy Development Plants" were in an early stage at the time Castle was carried out. The first plant started production in late 1953.

As a hedge, development of liquid deuterium weapons continued in parallel. Even though they were much less practical because of the logistical problems dealing with the transport, handling, and storage of a cryogenic device, the Cold War arms race drove the demand for a viable fusion weapon. The "Ramrod" and "Jughead" devices were liquid fuel designs greatly reduced in size and weight from their so-called "Sausage" predecessor. The "Jughead" device was eventually weaponized, and it saw limited fielding by the U.S. Air Force until the "dry" fuel H-bombs became common.

Nectar was not a fusion weapon in the same sense as the rest of the Castle series. Even though it used lithium fuel for fission boosting, the principal reaction material in the second stage was uranium and plutonium. Similar to the Teller-Ulam configuration, a nuclear fission explosion was used to create high temperatures and pressures to compress a second fissionable mass. This would have otherwise been too large to sustain an efficient reaction if it were triggered with conventional explosives. This experiment was intended to develop intermediate yield weapons for expanding the inventory (around 1-2 Mt vs. 4-8).

Many fusion or thermonuclear weapons generate much, or even most, of their yields from fission. Although the U-238 isotope of uranium will not sustain a chain reaction, it still fissions when irradiated by the intense fast neutron flux of a fusion explosion. Because U-238 is plentiful and has no critical mass, it can be added in (in theory) almost unlimited quantities as a tamper around a fusion bomb, helping to contain the fusion reaction and contributing its own fission energy. For example, the fast-fission of the U-238 tamper contributed 77% (8.0 megatons) to the yield of the 10.4 Mt Ivy Mike explosion.

Test execution
The most notable event of Operation Castle was the Castle Bravo test. The dry fuel for Bravo was 40% Li-6 and 60% Li-7. Only the Li-6 was expected to breed tritium for the deuterium-tritium fusion reaction; the Li-7 was expected to be inert. Yet J. Carson Mark, the head of the Los Alamos Theoretical Design Division, had speculated that Bravo could "go big", estimating that the device could produce an explosive yield as much as 20% more than had been originally calculated. It was discovered, because of the unexpected larger yield, that the Li-7 in the device also undergoes breeding that produces tritium. In practice, Bravo exceeded expectations by 150%, yielding 15 Mt — about 1,000 times more powerful than the Little Boy weapon used on Hiroshima. Castle Bravo remains to this day, the largest detonation ever carried out anywhere by the United States, and the fifth largest H-bomb detonation in the world.

Because Castle Bravo greatly exceeded its expected yield, JTF-7 was caught unprepared. Much of the permanent infrastructure on Bikini Atoll was heavily damaged. The intense thermal flash ignited a fire at a distance of  on the island of Eneu (base island of Bikini Atoll). The ensuing fallout contaminated all of the atoll, so much so, that it could not be approached by JTF-7 for 24 hours after the test, and even then exposure times were limited. As the fallout spread downwind to the east, more atolls were contaminated by radioactive calcium ash from the incinerated underwater coral banks. Although the atolls were evacuated soon after the test, 239 Marshallese on the Utirik, Rongelap, and Ailinginae Atolls were subjected to significant levels of radiation. 28 Americans stationed on the Rongerik Atoll were also exposed. Follow-up studies of the contaminated individuals began soon after the blast as Project 4.1, and though the short-term effects of the radiation exposure for most of the Marshallese were mild and/or hard to correlate, the long-term effects were pronounced. Additionally, 23 Japanese fishermen aboard Daigo Fukuryū Maru were also exposed to high levels of radiation. They suffered symptoms of radiation poisoning, and one crew member died in September 1954.

The heavy contamination and extensive damage from Bravo delayed the rest of the series. A revised test schedule was officially released on April 14, 1954.  The Castle Romeo and Koon tests were complete by the time that this revision was published.

As Operation Castle progressed, the increased yields and fallout caused test locations to be reevaluated. While the majority of the tests were planned for barges near the sand spit of Iroij, some were moved to the craters of Bravo and Union. In addition, Castle Nectar was moved from Bikini Atoll to the crater of Ivy Mike at Eniwetok for expediency, since Bikini was still heavily contaminated from the previous tests.

The final test in Operation Castle took place on May 14, 1954.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
 |+ United States' Castle series tests and detonations
 |-
 !style="background:#ffdead;" | Name
 !style="background:#efefef;" | Date time (UT)
 !style="background:#ffdead;" | Local time zone
 !style="background:#efefef;" | Location
 !style="background:#ffdead;" | Elevation + height
 !style="background:#efefef;" | Delivery,purpose
 !style="background:#efefef;" | Device
 !style="background:#ffdead;" | Yield
 !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" | Fallout
 !style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable" | References
 !style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" | Notes
 |-
 ! Bravo
 |  18:45:00.0
 | style="text-align:center;" | MHT (11 hrs) || Namu (Charlie), Bikini Atoll
 |  +
 | dry surface,weapons development
 | TX-21 "Shrimp"
 | style="text-align:center;" |
 |
 |
 | Used a RACER IV primary. Over twice as powerful as predicted, error in assessing Li-7.  Lethal fallout, killed radioman on Japanese vessel Daigo Fukuryu Maru (Fifth Lucky Dragon); 1 fatality, 93+ injured. Design used in Mk-21/36. Largest US atmospheric detonation.
 |-
 ! Romeo
 |  18:30:00.4
 | style="text-align:center;" | MHT (11 hrs) || Yurochi aka Irioj (Dog), Bikini Atoll
 | 0 +
 | barge,weapons development
 | TX/EC-17A "Runt"
 | style="text-align:center;" |
 |
 |
 | Exceeded yield expectations, by almost a factor of 3. Proof test of the Mk-17, deployed as the EC-17.
 |-
 ! Echo(canceled)
 |
 | style="text-align:center;" | MHT (11 hrs) || Ebiriru (Ruby), Enewetak Atoll
 |  +
 | barge,weapons development
 | Cryo design "ramrod"
 | style="text-align:center;" |
 |
 |
 | Scheduled for Castle but not executed, location and time are as planned. It cancelled when the Bravo test was so unexpectedly successful, making cryogenic thermonuclear concepts obsolete.
 |-
 ! Koon
 |  18:20:00.4
 | style="text-align:center;" | MHT (11 hrs) || Eninmen (Tare), Bikini Atoll
 |  +
 | dry surface,weapons development
 | "Morgenstern"
 | style="text-align:center;" |
 |
 |
 | UCRL design, last one that Teller worked on, secondary delayed too long, and fizzled at 110 kt yield.
 |-
 ! Union
 |  18:10:00.6
 | style="text-align:center;" | MHT (11 hrs) || Yurochi aka Irioj (Dog), Bikini Atoll
 | 0 +
 | barge,weapons development
 | TX-14 w/ RACER IV "Alarm Clock"
 | style="text-align:center;" |
 |
 |
 | Prototype EC-14, used expensive 95% enriched Li-6 fuel, RACER IV primary.
 |-
 ! Yankee 2
 |  18:10:00.1
 | style="text-align:center;" | MHT (11 hrs) || Yurochi aka Irioj (Dog), Bikini Atoll
 | 0 +
 | barge,weapons development
 | TX/EC-24 RACER IV "Runt II"
 | style="text-align:center;" |
 |
 |
 | Proof test of TX/EC-24 with a RACER IV primary. After Bravo'''s success, the wet/dry TX/EC-16 Jughead device that was to be tested was discarded for the Runt2 dry device, hence the "2" designation.
 |-
 ! Nectar |  18:20:00.1
 | style="text-align:center;" | MHT (11 hrs) || Elugelab (Flora), Enewetak Atoll
 | 0 +
 | barge,weapons development
 | TX-15 COBRA "Zombie"
 | style="text-align:center;" |
 |
 |
 |
 |}

ResultsOperation Castle was an unqualified success for the implementation of dry fuel devices. The Bravo design was quickly weaponized and is suspected to be the progenitor of the Mk-21 gravity bomb. The Mk-21 design project began on March 26, 1954 (just three weeks after Bravo) with production of 275 weapons beginning in late 1955. Romeo, relying on natural lithium, was rapidly turned into the Mk-17 bomb, the first deployable US thermonuclear weapon, and was available to strategic forces as an Emergency Capability weapon by mid-1954. Most of the Castle dry fuel devices eventually appeared in the inventory and ultimately grandfathered the majority of thermonuclear configurations.

In contrast, the Livermore-designed Koon'' was a failure. Using natural lithium and a heavily modified Teller-Ulam configuration, the test produced only 110 kilotons of an expected 1.5 megaton yield. While engineers at the Radiation Laboratory had hoped it would lead to a promising new field of weapons, it was eventually determined that the design allowed premature heating of the lithium fuel, thereby disrupting the delicate fusion conditions.

Gallery

See also
Katsuko Saruhashi
Operation Redwing

References

External links

 Operation Castle at The Nuclear Weapon Archive

1950s in the Marshall Islands
1954 in military history
1954 in the environment
1954 in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
Articles containing video clips
C
Castle
Enewetak Atoll nuclear explosive tests
Explosions in 1954
Military projects of the United States

Operation Castle


La U.S. Route 95 o Ruta Federal 95 (abreviada US 95) es una autopista federal ubicada en el estado de Arizona. La autopista inicia en el sur desde la Frontera de México hacia el norte en la . La autopista tiene una longitud de 198,2 km (123.16 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las carreteras estatales, las carreteras interestatales, y el resto de rutas federales, la U.S. Route 95 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de Arizona por sus siglas en inglés ADOT.

Cruces
La U.S. Route 95 es atravesada principalmente por la .

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial del ADOT
 Lista de ciudades servidas por autopistas federales}
 Lista de Autopistas por estado en AARoads.com

Carreteras federales de Arizona

en:U.S. Route 95#Arizona

U.S. Route 95 (Arizona)


كرنفال أورورو (Carnaval de Oruro) هو أكبر كرنفال ثقافي سنوي في بوليفيا أعلنته اليونسكو عام 2001 كأحد روائع التراث الشفهي وغير المادي للإنسانية. يتم إقامته سنويا في مدينة أورورو.

انظر أيضا
 كرنفال السود والبيض

مراجع

ثقافة بوليفية
روائع التراث الشفهي اللامادي للإنسانية
كرنفالات
كرنفالات في بوليفيا
مهرجانات أسست في 1756

كرنفال أورورو


Olaylar
 7 Mayıs - Ayasofya'nın kubbesi çöktü. I. Justinianus, kubbenin onarılma emrini verdi.

Doğumlar

Ölümler

558


Paracymbiomma carajas est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Prodidomidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique du Pará au Brésil. Elle se rencontre à Parauapebas et à Canaã dos Carajás dans des grottes.

Description
Le mâle holotype mesure  et la femelle paratype .

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrit par Rodrigues, Cizauskas et Rheims en 2018.

Étymologie
Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte, la forêt nationale de Carajás.

Publication originale
 Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018 : « Description of Paracymbiomma gen. nov., a new genus of prodidomid spiders from the Neotropical region (Araneae: Prodidomidae) including a new troglobite species. » Zootaxa, , .

Liens externes

Notes et références

Prodidomidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique du Pará

Paracymbiomma carajas


Manegoldo del Tettuccio foi um político bresciano e o primeiro Podestà da República de Génova, eleito em 1191.

História
A República de Génova, caracterizada pela intensificação das lutas entre as facções da cidade, havia induzido os genoveses a suspender a magistratura dos consules em 1190 e a nomear um podestà.

Manegoldo del Tettuccio era conhecido pelos seus contemporâneos pelas suas competências e sabedoria e, por essas razões, foi chamado a Génova em 1191 como o primeiro podestà da República para reprimir a agitação interna que devastou a capital. Com efeito, ele reprimiu essas revoltas e pacificou a capital genovesa durante o período do seu mandato.

Porém, após o término do seu mandato, a agitação foi retomada ainda com maior vigor.

Mortos em ano desconhecido
Ano de nascimento desconhecido
Políticos da Itália

Manegoldo del Tettuccio


Patrick Dewaere, mon héros est un film documentaire français réalisé par Alexandre Moix, sorti en 2022. Il consacre à l'acteur français Patrick Dewaere, à partir d'un récit écrit autour de plusieurs témoignages et interprété en commentaire, par sa seconde fille, Lola Dewaere. Il traite principalement de sa vie personnelle et des motifs qui l'ont conduit notamment à commettre un suicide. En complément de photos et d'extraits d'enregistrements parfois inédits, les témoins sont l'actrice Brigitte Fossey qui a également connu une enfance de cinéma, les réalisateurs Bertrand Blier, Claude Lelouch et Jean-Jacques Annaud ainsi que l'acteur Francis Huster qui partage comme Dewaere, une enfance meurtrie.

À l'occasion du  de sa disparition, ce long métrage est présenté au Festival de Cannes 2022, sélectionné dans la catégorie « Cannes Classics 2022 ».

Synopsis
L'actrice Lola Dewaere raconte l'itinéraire personnel et intime de son père Patrick Dewaere, depuis ses origines avant même sa naissance, jusqu'à son suicide, le . On y découvre des témoignages de l'acteur au sujet de sa famille, de ses blessures intimes et de sa relation complexe avec certaines dérives de son métier.

Fiche technique

 Titre original : Patrick Dewaere, mon héros
 Réalisation et scénario : Alexandre Moix
 Musique : Vadim Sher
 Photographie : David Wolfer
 Montage : Morgan Le Pivert
 Production : Patrice Gellé et Alexandre Moix
 Sociétés de production : Zoom production - Bleu kobalt, France Télévisions, Studio Canal et CNC
 Société de distribution : France Télévisions
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : français
 Genre : documentaire
 Durée :
 Date de sortie :
 France :  (Festival de Cannes) ;  (France 5)

Autour du film
Le , le film est projeté dans le cadre du  Festival de Cannes. Lors de sa projection, Thierry Frémaux, délégué général du Festival, déclare : .

En France, il est télédiffusé lors d'une soirée hommage spéciale, le , sur la chaîne nationale publique France 5 et doit l'être ultérieurement sur France 2.

Le documentaire figure dans les bonus de l'édition Blu-ray de Paradis pour tous, édité par StudioCanal en .

Diffusion et accueil

En Belgique, il est disponible depuis le  sur la plateforme Auvio de vidéo à la demande de la RTBF de la RTBF.
Lors de sa première diffusion à la télévision française sur France 5 le , le documentaire connaît un succès d'audience significatif avec 1,33 million de téléspectateurs et 6,9% de part de marché, soit à la quatrième place des meilleures résultats d'audience de la soirée et à la première place de l'audience pour les chaînes de la TNT.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .

Liens externes

Film français sorti en 2022
Film documentaire français
Film documentaire sur un acteur
Film tourné en 2021
Film de Studiocanal
Film tous publics en France

Patrick Dewaere, mon héros


La gravité semi-classique (gravitation semi-classique) est une approximation de physique semi-classique qui décrit une théorie quantique des champs dans un fond gravitationnel courbe classique.

Dans la gravité semi-classique, la matière est représenté par des champs quantiques de matière qui se propage selon la théorie quantique des champs dans un espace-temps courbe. L'espace-temps dans lequel les champs se propagent est classique mais dynamique. La courbure de l'espace-temps est donnée par les équations semi-classiques d'Einstein, qui relient la courbure de l'espace-temps donnée par le tenseur d'Einstein   avec la valeur d'espérance de l'opérateur tenseur énergie-impulsion , des champs de matière :

Où  est la constante gravitationnelle et  indique l'état quantique des champs de matière.

Références

 Birrell, N. D. and Davies, P. C. W., Quantum fields in curved space, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1982).

 Robert M. Wald, Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime and Black Hole Thermodynamics. University of Chicago Press, 1994.
Semiclassical gravity on arxiv.org

Gravité quantique
Théorie quantique des champs

Gravité semi-classique


Manisa'nın Demirci ilçesinde halıcılık yüzyıllardan beri faal bir geçim kaynağıdır. Orta Asya 'dan Türkler tarafından Anadolu'ya getirilen halıcılık, Selçuklu Hanedanı tarafından daha da iyileştirilerek Anadolu'nun her tarafına iletilmiş ve bu arada Demirci'ye getirilmiştir.

Osmanlı İmparatorluğu zamanında hükümdarlıkça Demirci'ye gönderilen malzeme ve desenler Demirci'de dokunulmuş olup saraylarda kullanılmıştır. 1990'lı yıllarda Demirci de önemli bir yapısal değişime uğramıştır. makine halıcılığı alanında büyük yatırım ve tesisler kurulmuştur. Fakat Demirci tesislerini geliştirememesi ve piyasaya ayak uyduramaması sonucu piyasadaki pazarını büyük bir kısmını kaybetmiştir. Demirci makine halıcılığında kaybettiği bu pazarı duvardan duvara ve cami halıcılığı ile piyasaya geri dönmüştür. Cami halısında Türkiye'de ve yurt dışında pazarın büyük kısmını ele geçirmiştir.

Demirci makine halıcılığındaki tıkanmayı kaliteli el halıcılığıyla aşma yolunu seçmiştir. 21.000 el halısı tezgâhı ile iç ve dış piyasada söz sahibidir. Halıcılık Demirci'de atadan gelen meslek olması sebebiyle piyasa şartlarını ve piyasa modellerine çok çabuk adapte olabilmektedir.

Kaynakça

Halı
Halı

Demirci halıları


Julija Anatolijiwna Tkatsch (, wiss. Transliteration ; * 26. September 1989 in Kowel, Oblast Wolyn, Ukrainische SSR, UdSSR als Julija Anatolijiwna Ostaptschuk, ) ist eine ukrainische Ringerin. Sie wurde 2011 und 2012 Europameisterin und 2014 Weltmeisterin in der Gewichtsklasse bis 63 kg Körpergewicht.

Werdegang
Julija Tkatsch begann im Jahre 2002 mit dem Ringen. Sie gehört dem Sportclub Dinamo/Spartak Lviv an und wird seit 2007 von Andrei Pistun trainiert. Sie ist 1,68 Meter groß und startet in der Gewichtsklasse bis 63 kg Körpergewicht. Sie ist Studentin. Bis Ende 2012 startete sie unter ihrem Mädchennamen Ostaptschuk, nach ihrer Eheschließung und der Geburt eines Kindes ab 2014 unter dem Namen Tkatsch.

Ihren ersten internationalen Einsatz absolvierte Tkatsch gleich bei der Europameisterschaft der Damen 2007 in Sofia in der Gewichtsklasse bis 59 kg. Sie kam dort zu zwei Siegen und unterlag im Kampf um eine EM-Bronzemedaille gegen Galina Legenkina aus Russland nur knapp nach Punkten. Im gleichen Jahr wurde sie dann in Belgrad Junioren-Europameisterin in der Gewichtsklasse bis 63 kg und in Peking auch noch Junioren-Weltmeisterin in der gleichen Gewichtsklasse. Im Finale bezwang sie dabei Jekaterina Melnikowa aus Russland. Der ukrainische Ringerverband setzte sie daraufhin auch noch bei der Weltmeisterschaft in Baku ein. Ihr gelangen dort drei Siege, u. a. bezwang sie auch die routinierte Österreicherin Nikola Hartmann-Dünser, unterlag aber dann gegen Jelena Schalygina aus Kasachstan und im Kampf um eine WM-Bronzemedaille auch gegen Monika Ewa Michalik aus Polen. Sie erreichte damit aber den 5. Platz, der ihr die Startberechtigung bei den Olympischen Spielen in Peking einbrachte.

Im Jahre 2008 wurde sie in Košice wieder Junioren-Europameisterin, wobei sie im Finale wieder Jekaterina Melnikowa besiegte. Bei den Olympischen Spielen in Peking unterlag sie in ihrem ersten Kampf gegen die US-Amerikanerin Randi Miller knapp nach Punkten (1:2 Runden, 2:5 Punkte). Da Randi Miller nicht das Finale erreichte, kam Julija Tkatsch auch nicht in die Trostrunde und kam daher nur auf den 11. Platz.

Bei der Junioren-Europameisterschaft 2009 in Tiflis gewann sie dann ihren dritten Titel in Folge. Im Finale bezwang sie dabei die Schweizerin Karin Stingelin. Kein Glück hatte sie jedoch bei der Weltmeisterschaft 2009 in Herning/Dänemark, denn sie unterlag dort in ihrem zweiten Kampf gegen Jelena Schalygina und schied aus. In der Endabrechnung kam sie in Herning auf den 10. Platz.

2010 gewann Julija Tkatsch dann bei der Europameisterschaft in Baku in der Gewichtsklasse bis 63 kg ihre erste Medaille bei einer internationalen Meisterschaft der Damen. Sie unterlag dort gegen Ljubow Michailowna Wolossowa aus Russland, schlug aber im Kampf um eine Bronzemedaille Olesja Samula aus Aserbaidschan. 2010 wurde sie in Turin auch noch Studenten-Weltmeisterin.

Ihren ersten großen Sieg bei einer internationalen Meisterschaft errang sie dann bei der Europameisterschaft 2011 in Dortmund. Sie holte sich dort mit fünf Siegen den Europameistertitel und bezwang im Finale Tajbe Jusein aus Bulgarien. Bei der Weltmeisterschaft dieses Jahres in Istanbul kam sie nicht so gut zurecht. Sie unterlag dort in ihrem zweiten Kampf gegen die vielfache Weltmeisterin Kaori Icho aus Japan und unterlag auch in der Trostrunde gegen Jelena Schalygina und gegen Jing Ruixue aus der Volksrepublik China und landete auf dem 7. Platz.

2012 wurde Julija Tkatsch in Belgrad erneut Europameisterin in der Gewichtsklasse bis 63 kg. Sie bezwang dabei mit Johanna Mattsson, Schweden, Audrey Prieto, Frankreich, Elif Jale Yeşilırmak, Türkei und Natalja Smirnowa, Russland vier sehr starke Ringerinnen. Anschließend qualifizierte sie sich im Qualifikationsturnier in Sofia in der gleichen Gewichtsklasse auch für die Teilnahme an den olympischen Spielen in London. In London kam sie zunächst zu Siegen gegen Elena Schalygina aus Kasachstan und Marianna Sastin aus Ungarn, schied aber dann gegen Ljubow Michailowna Wolossowa aus Russland aus und belegte den 7. Platz.

Nach dem Mutterschaftsjahr 2013 kehrte sie 2014 wieder auf die Ringermatte zurück. Bei der Europameisterschaft im April 2014 in Vantaa/Finnland gewann sie in der Gewichtsklasse bis 63 kg gleich wieder eine Medaille. Nach zwei gewonnenen Kämpfen verlor sie dort im Viertelfinale gegen Anastasija Grigorjeva aus Lettland, sicherte sich aber danach mit einem Sieg über Adéla Hanzlíčková aus Tschechien eine Bronzemedaille. Im März 2014 gelang es ihr dann in Taschkent erstmals Weltmeisterin zu werden. Sie besiegte dort Walerija Lasinskaja aus Russland, Agoro Papavasileiou aus Griechenland, Henna Johansson aus Schweden und Elena Piroschkowa aus den Vereinigten Staaten.

Auch 2015 gewann Julija Tkatsch bei den internationalen Meisterschaften zwei Medaillen. Im Juni 2015 erreichte sie bei den 1. Europaspielen in Baku in ihrer angestammten Gewichtsklasse mit Siegen über Andrea-Elena Simon, Rumänien, Monika Ewa Michalik, Polen und Maria Mamaschuk, Belarus das Finale, das sie allerdings gegen Walerija Lasinskaja verlor. Bei der Weltmeisterschaft 2015 in Las Vegas verlor sie ihren ersten Kampf gegen Risako Kawai aus Japan, da diese das Finale erreichte, konnte sie in der Trostrunde weiterringen und sich mit Siegen über Katherine Vidiaux Lopez, Kuba, Maria Mamaschuk und Braxton Rei Stone-Papadopoulos aus Kanada eine Bronzemedaille sichern.

2016 wurde Julija Tkatsch in Riga Vize-Europameisterin in der Gewichtsklasse bis 63 kg. Im Finale unterlag sie dabei gegen Anastasia Grigorjewa aus Lettland. Im August 2016 startete sie zum dritten Mal bei Olympischen Spielen. In Rio de Janeiro siegte sie dabei in der gleichen Gewichtsklasse über Danielle Lappage aus Kanada, verlor aber ihren nächsten Kampf gegen Xu Rui aus China, die sie kurz vorher bei den Polan Open in Spala im Finale noch bezwungen hatte. Damit schied sie aus und belegte den 9. Platz. Sie blieb damit bei den drei Olympischen Spielen, bei denen sie startete, ohne Medaille.

Trotz dfieser Enttäuschung machte sie weiter und gewann bei der Europameisterschaft 2017 in Novi Sad, wieder in der Gewichtsklasse bis 63 kg eine Bronzemedaille. Noch erfolgreicher war sie bei der Weltmeisterschaft 2017 in Paris. Sie kam dort mit Siegen über Ilana Kratysch aus Israel, Walerija Lainskaja aus Russland und Hafize Sahin aus der Türkei in das Finale, in dem sie allerdings gegen Pürewdordschiin Orchon aus der Mongolei unterlag.

2018 war Julija Tkatsch nur bei der Weltmeisterschaft, die im Oktober dieses Jahres in Budapest stattfand, am Start. In der neuen Gewichtsklasse bis 62 kg Körpergewicht siegte sie über Luisa Niemesch aus Deutschland und Johanna Mattsson, verlor im Halbfinale gegen Yukako Kawai aus Japan und sicherte sich in der Trostrunde mit einem Sieg über Marianna Sastin aus Ungarn eine Bronzemedaille.

Im Juni 2019 wurde sie Bei den Europaspielen in Minsk Siegerin in der Gewichtsklasse bis 62 kg. Auf dem Weg zu diesem Erfolg schlug sie Lydia Perez Tourino, Spanien, Maria Kuznezowa, Russland, Taybe Mustafa Yusein aus Bulgarien und Elmira Gambarowa, Aserbaidschan.

Internationale Erfolge

 Erläuterungen

 alle Wettbewerbe im freien Stil
 OS = Olympische Spiele, WM = Weltmeisterschaft, EM = Europameisterschaft
 Altersgruppe "Juniors" bis zum 20. Lebensjahr

Literatur
 Fachzeitschrift Der Ringer

Weblinks

 Julija Tkatsch (rot) im Kampf gegen Verena Weiß bei der EM 2007
 Ehrung von Julija Tkatsch durch den Präsidenten des NOK der Ukraine Sergi Bubka 2014

Ringer (Ukraine)
Weltmeister (Ringen)
Europaspielesieger (Ringen)
Europameister (Ringen)
Olympiateilnehmer (Ukraine)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2008
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2016
Teilnehmer an den Europaspielen (Ukraine)
Sowjetbürger
Ukrainer
Geboren 1989
Frau
Teilnehmer der Europaspiele 2019

Julija Tkatsch


Ursula Hill-Samelson (geb. Hill) (* 22. Dezember 1935 in Bad Kreuznach; † 10. Januar 2013 in Seefeld (Oberbayern)) war eine deutsche Mathematikerin, Informatik-Pionierin und Hochschuldozentin.

Leben
Ursula Hill studierte Mathematik an der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz und war dort von 1962 bis 1963 Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Angewandte Mathematik.
Am 1. November 1963 folgte sie (mit Hans Langmaack) dem Mathematiker und Informatik-Pionier Klaus Samelson, der einen Ruf nach München erhalten hatte, an das Mathematische Institut (das spätere Institut für Informatik) der Technischen Universität München. Dort arbeitete sie als wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin ab 1969/70 mit am Aufbau des neuen Studiengangs "Informatik". 1970 wurde sie an der TU München bei Friedrich L. Bauer in Informatik promoviert (Automatische rekursive Adressenberechnung für höhere Programmiersprachen, insbesondere für ALGOL 68). 1978 heiratete sie Klaus Samelson.

Sie war bis Ende 1985 leitendes Mitglied im Sonderforschungsbereich 49 der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). 1987 nahm sie am Festakt zur Einweihung des nach ihrem Mann benannten Samelson-Platzes in Hildesheim teil. 1999 trat sie in den Ruhestand. Ihr Interesse galt u. a. der Astronomie, und sie förderte den Verein der Allgäuer Volkssternwarte Ottobeuren.

Nach ihrem Tod im Alter von 77 Jahren wurde Ursula Hill-Samelson am 18. Januar 2013 auf dem Münchener Nordfriedhof beerdigt.

Leistungen
Ursula Hill schrieb in den frühen 1960er Jahren zusammen mit Hans Langmaack in Mainz den ersten funktionsfähigen Algol 60-Compiler für die Siemens 2002 und diplomierte 1962 in Mathematik mit der Arbeit Der ALGOL-Übersetzer ALCOR MAINZ 2002. Compilerbau war in jener Zeit eine gerade erst entstehende Disziplin der Informatik, die bei den wenigen zur Verfügung stehenden Computern zudem sehr schwierig war. Ursula Hill trat als erste Frau in Deutschland mit einem lauffähigen Compiler an die wissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeit.

Schriften
 A. A. Grau, U. Hill, Hans Langmaack: Translation of Algol 60., Handbook for automatic computation; Vol. 1, Part b. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1967
 U. Hill, H. Langmaack, H. R. Schwarz, G. Seegmüller: Efficient Handling of subscripted variables in ALGOL 60 compilers. Proc. Symp. on Symbolic Languages in Data Processing, Rome, p. 331–340. Gordon & Breach, New York 1962.
 U. Hill: Automatische rekursive Adressenberechnung für höhere Programmiersprachen, insbesondere für Algol 68. Dissertation, TU München, 13. Februar 1969
 Friedrich L. Bauer, Rupert Gnatz, Ursula Hill: Informatik. Aufgaben und Lösungen. Erster und Zweiter Teil. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1975/6. ISBN 3-540-07116-4 und ISBN 0-387-07116-4; übersetzt ins Russische (1978) und ins Polnische (1981)
 U. Hill: Special Run-Time Organization Techniques for Algol 68. Proceeding Compiler Construction, An Advanced Course, 2nd ed. Springer-Verlag London, UK 1976. ISBN 3-540-07542-9

Einzelnachweise

Informatiker
Mathematiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1935
Gestorben 2013
Frau

Ursula Hill-Samelson


Steve Barclay (* 20. November 1918 in Baltimore, Maryland; † 2. Februar 1994 in Rom) war ein US-amerikanischer Schauspieler.

Leben
Barclay schloss an der Universität Los Angeles mit einem Diplom in Journalismus ab und verdiente sein Geld in verschiedensten Berufen und mit diversen Tätigkeiten, bis er als Fotomodell beschäftigt wurde, wo er seine sportliche Erscheinung und athletische Figur so einsetzte, dass die Filmbranche auf ihn aufmerksam wurde. Ab 1943 drehte er so etliche Filme, fand jedoch im Studiosystem und kleineren B-Filmen seine Nische nicht und nutzte die Gelegenheit, zu Beginn der 1950er-Jahre in italienischen Abenteuerfilmen die Hauptrollen zu übernehmen. Diese Filme waren zwar meist finanziell bescheiden ausgestattet, jedoch von solider Machart und spielten ihr Geld wieder ein.

Auch als "Stephen Barclay" geführt, war er u. a. Partner von Sophia Loren, beendete seine darstellerische Karriere jedoch bereits 1953 – mit einer 1956 erfolgten Ausnahme. 1964 war er einer der Drehbuchautoren des Thrillers L'intrigo. Sein Geld verdiente er mit Aufträgen der Werbebranche.

Filmografie (Auswahl)
 1943: The Iron Major
 1951: Vendetta, die Rache des Bruders (Il capitano nero)
 1952: Mädchen ohne Moral (Fanciulle di lusso)
 1952: Vergib mir Madonna (Noi peccatori)
 1953: Weiße Frau in Afrika (Africa sotto i mari)
 1956: Die Kavaliere vom schwarzen Schwert (Il cavaliere dalla spada nera)

Weblinks

 Nachruf in der New York Times

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1918
Gestorben 1994
Mann

Steve Barclay


The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the aggregate of the world's telephone networks that are operated by national, regional, or local telephony operators. It provides infrastructure and services for public telephony. The PSTN consists of telephone lines, fiber optic cables, microwave transmission links, cellular networks, communications satellites, and undersea telephone cables interconnected by switching centers, such as central offices, network tandems, and international gateways, which allow telephone users to communicate with each other.

Originally a network of fixed-line analog telephone systems, the PSTN is almost entirely digital in its core network and includes mobile and wireless networks, all of which are currently transitioning to use the Internet Protocol to carry their PSTN traffic.

The technical operation of the PSTN adheres to the standards internationally promulgated by the ITU-T. These standards have their origins in the development of local telephone networks, primarily in the Bell System in the United States and in the networks of European ITU members. The E.164 standard provides a single global address space in the form of telephone numbers. The combination of the interconnected networks and a global telephone numbering plan allows telephones around the world to connect with each other.

History
Commercialization of the telephone began shortly after its invention, with instruments operated in pairs for private use between two locations. Users who wanted to communicate with persons at multiple locations had as many telephones as necessary for the purpose. Alerting another user of the desire to establish a telephone call was accomplished by whistling loudly into the transmitter until the other party heard the alert. Bells were soon added to stations for signaling.

Later telephone systems took advantage of the exchange principle already employed in telegraph networks. Each telephone was wired to a telephone exchange established for a town or area. For communication outside this exchange area, trunks were installed between exchanges. Networks were designed in a hierarchical manner until they spanned cities and states, and international distances.

Automation introduced pulse dialing between the telephone and the exchange so that each subscriber could directly dial another subscriber connected to the same exchange, but long-distance calling across multiple exchanges required manual switching by operators. Later, more sophisticated address signaling, including multi-frequency signaling methods, enabled direct-dialed long-distance calls by subscribers, culminating in the Signalling System 7 (SS7) network that controlled calls between most exchanges by the end of the 20th century.

The growth of the PSTN was enabled by teletraffic engineering techniques to deliver quality of service (QoS) in the network. The work of A. K. Erlang established the mathematical foundations of methods required to determine the capacity requirements and configuration of equipment and the number of personnel required to deliver a specific level of service.

In the 1970s, the telecommunications industry began implementing packet-switched network data services using the X.25 protocol transported over much of the end-to-end equipment as was already in use in the PSTN.

In the 1980s, the industry began planning for digital services assuming they would follow much the same pattern as voice services and conceived end-to-end circuit-switched services, known as the Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN). The B-ISDN vision was overtaken by the disruptive technology of the Internet.

At the turn of the 21st century, the oldest parts of the telephone network still used analog baseband technology to deliver audio-frequency connectivity over the last mile to the end-user. However, digital technologies such as DSL, ISDN, FTTx, and cable modems were progressively deployed in this portion of the network, primarily to provide high-speed Internet access.

, operators worldwide are in the process of retiring support for both last-mile analog telephony and ISDN, and transitioning voice service to Voice over IP via Internet access delivered either via DSL, cable modems or fibre-to-the-premises, eliminating the expense and complexity of running two separate technology infrastructures for PSTN and Internet access.

Several large private telephone networks are not linked to the PSTN, usually for military purposes. There are also private networks run by large companies which are linked to the PSTN only through limited gateways, such as a large private branch exchange (PBX).

Operators
The task of building the networks and selling services to customers fell to the network operators. The first company to be incorporated to provide PSTN services was the Bell Telephone Company in the United States.

In some countries, however, the job of providing telephone networks fell to government as the investment required was very large and the provision of telephone service was increasingly becoming an essential public utility. For example, the General Post Office in the United Kingdom brought together a number of private companies to form a single nationalized company. In more recent decades, these state monopolies were broken up or sold off through privatization.

Technology

Network topology

The architecture of the PSTN evolved over time to support an increasing number of subscribers, call volume, destinations, features, and technologies. The principles developed in North America and in Europe were adopted by other nations, with adaptations for local markets.

A key concept was that the telephone exchanges are arranged into hierarchies, so that if a call cannot be handled in a local cluster, it is passed to one higher up for onward routing. This reduced the number of connecting trunks required between operators over long distances, and also kept local traffic separate. Modern technologies have brought simplifications

Digital channels
Most automated telephone exchanges use digital switching rather than mechanical or analog switching. The trunks connecting the exchanges are also digital, called circuits or channels. However analog two-wire circuits are still used to connect the last mile from the exchange to the telephone in the home (also called the local loop). To carry a typical phone call from a calling party to a called party, the analog audio signal is digitized at an 8 kHz sample rate with 8-bit resolution using a special type of nonlinear pulse-code modulation known as G.711. The call is then transmitted from one end to another via telephone exchanges. The call is switched using a call set up protocol (usually ISUP) between the telephone exchanges under an overall routing strategy.

The call is carried over the PSTN using a 64 kbit/s channel, originally designed by Bell Labs. The name given to this channel is Digital Signal 0 (DS0). The DS0 circuit is the basic granularity of circuit switching in a telephone exchange. A DS0 is also known as a timeslot because DS0s are aggregated in time-division multiplexing (TDM) equipment to form higher capacity communication links.

A Digital Signal 1 (DS1) circuit carries 24 DS0s on a North American or Japanese T-carrier (T1) line, or 32 DS0s (30 for calls plus two for framing and signaling) on an E-carrier (E1) line used in most other countries. In modern networks, the multiplexing function is moved as close to the end user as possible, usually into cabinets at the roadside in residential areas, or into large business premises.

These aggregated circuits are conveyed from the initial multiplexer to the exchange over a set of equipment collectively known as the access network. The access network and inter-exchange transport use synchronous optical transmission, for example, SONET and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) technologies, although some parts still use the older PDH technology.

The access network defines a number of reference points. Most of these are of interest mainly to ISDN but one, the V reference point, is of more general interest. This is the reference point between a primary multiplexer and an exchange. The protocols at this reference point were standardized in ETSI areas as the V5 interface.

Impact on IP standards
Voice quality in PSTN networks was used as a benchmark for the development of the Telecommunications Industry Association's TIA-TSB-116 standard on voice-quality recommendations for IP telephony, to determine acceptable levels of audio latency and echo.

Regulation
In most countries, the government has a regulatory agency dedicated to provisioning of PSTN services. The agency regulate technical standards, legal requirements, and set service  tasks may be for example to ensure that end customers are not over-charged for services where monopolies may exist. These regulatory agencies may also regulate the prices charged between the operators to carry each other's traffic.

Service retirement
In the United Kingdom, the copper POTS and ISDN-based PSTN is being retired in favour of SIP telephony, with a completion date of December 2025. See United Kingdom PSTN switch-off. Voice telephony will continue to follow the E.163 and E.164 standards, as with current mobile telephony, with the interface to end-users remaining the same.

Several other European countries, including Estonia, Germany, the Netherlands, Spain and Portugal, have also retired, or are planning to retire, their PSTN networks.

Countries in other continents are also performing similar transitions.

See also
 List of country calling codes
 Managed facilities-based voice network
 Plain old telephone service (POTS)
 Via Net Loss

References

Switched telephone networking
Telecommunications systems
Telephony

Public switched telephone network


Hasan Kayıhan, 1949 yılında Bilecik ilinin Günyurdu (bakraz) köyünde doğdu. Eğitim Enstitüsü ve Ortadoğu Amme idaresi mezunu olan Kayıhan, Edebiyat dünyasında Peyami Safa Ödülü kazanan Yoklar adlı romanıyla tanındı. Akıcı ve sağlam Türkçesiyle dikkat çeken yazarın Zincir (Türk Kültür Vakfı Roman Ödülü) Acı su, Sultan/Kölnde Bir Kız, Gurbet Ölümleri (TYB 1984 Yılının romanı), Beyler Aman, Dönüş gibi romanları bulunmaktadır. Uzun süredir yurt dışında yaşayan ve üç çocuk babası olan yazar, özellikle Batı Avrupa'da yaşayan Türk gençlerinin anadillerini geliştirebilmeleri yolunda büyük bir uğraş vermektedir. Bu konuda çeşitli dergi ve gazetelerde yüzlerce makalesi bulunan Hasan Kayıhan, özel bir televizyonda Yüz Yüze adıyla haftalık sohbet programı hazırlayıp sunmaktadır. Türkiye Yazarlar Birliği'nin kurucularından olan Kayıhan, Almanya'da aktif olarak politikayla da uğraşmakta, Türk asıllı adayların partilerinde etkin görevler alabilmesi için destek vermekte, Türk derneklerinin birleşmesi, Türkiye imajının olumlu yönde geliştirilmesi için çaba harcamaktadır.

1949 doğumlular
20. yüzyıl Türk yazarları
21. yüzyıl Türk yazarları
Resim aranan yazarlar

Hasan Kayıhan


Uitgeverij Contact a fost o editură din Țările de Jos. Compania a fuzionat ulterior cu editura Atlas, fiind formată astfel editura Atlas Contact. Ea s-a axat în principal pe publicarea lucrărilor de non-ficțiune.

Editura Contact a fost fondată în 1933 într-o încercare de a-i face pe cetățenii Țărilor de Jos să conștientizeze pericolele nazismului. Încă de la începuturile sale editura s-a caracterizat prin publicarea de cărți cu un mare impact în rândul cititorilor și printr-un atașament către valorile umanismului. Această politică editorială a fost evidențiată prin publicarea în 1947 a Jurnalului Annei Frank, care fusese refuzat de alte edituri din Țările de Jos.

Compania editorială a fost vândută în 1974 către Uitgeverij Bert Bakker. În 1985 Contact a devenit din nou o editură independentă. Contact a făcut parte, de asemenea, din grupul editorial NDC VBK. Editurile L.J. Veen, Contact, Atlas, Augustus și Mouria au fuzionat în 2012, formând editura Atlas Contact.

Autori publicați
 Midas Dekkers
 Renate Dorrestein
 Anne Frank
 Yvonne Kroonenberg
 Dimitri Verhulst
 Levi Weemoedt
 Gerwin van der Werf
 Ivan Wolffers

Note

Contact

Uitgeverij Contact


හැදින්වීම
1945 ඹක්තෝම්බර් මස 10 වන දින එවකට එල්ලේ ක්‍රිඩාවට තෝතැන්නක් වූ රාගමදී උපත ලද ඩී පර්සි සිල්වා රාගම කතෝලික විදුහලෙන් මුලික අධ්‍යාපනය හදාරන ලදී.කුඩා අවදියේ එනම් වයස අවුරැදු 07 ත් 08 ත්  අතර කාලයේදී පටන් එල්ලේ ක්‍රිඩාවට යොමුවිමෙන් අනතුරැව පාසැල් එල්ලේ කණ්ඩායමට ක්‍රීඩාකිරිමට වරම් ලබාගන්නා ලදී.
      පාසැල් මට්ටමින් අන්තර් පාසැල් තරගමාලාවන් නියෝජනය කරමින් දක්ෂතා පෙන්නුම් කිරිමට සමත් විම මත එනම් වයස අවුරැදු 15 දී  1960 ප්‍රභල එල්ලේ කණ්ඩායමක් වු හාලික්වින්ග්ස් කණ්ඩායමේ සාමාජිකත්වය ලැබීමට තරම් වාසනාවන්ත වුයේ ඹහුගේ එම දක්ෂතා නිසාය. එවකට එම කණ්ඩායමේ සාමාජිකත්වය ලබා ක්‍රිඩාකයෙකු වශයෙන් ස්ථානයක් ලබා ගැනිමත් මහත් දුෂ්කර කටයුත්තක් වුවද මොහුගේ දක්ෂතා මත එම කණ්ඩායමේ නිත්‍ය සාමාජිකයෙකු වශයෙන් සෑම තරගයකදීම දක්ෂ්කම් දක්වන ලදී.

උපන් දිනය
1945 ඹක්තෝම්බර් මස 10 වන දින

ඉගෙන ගන්නා ලද පාසැල

ප්‍රථමයෙන් ක්‍රීඩා කරන ලද එල්ලේ කණඩායම්
හාලික්වින්ග්ස් කණ්ඩායම

තරග කරන ලද කණ්ඩායම්
රාගම බැසිලිකා
ක්‍රීඩා කරන ස්ථානය:-තුන් ඉරියව්වේ ක්‍රීඩක එල්ලේ ක්‍රීඩා පිටියේ සෑම ස්ථානයක්ම,පන්දු යැවීමේ විශේෂ දක්ෂතාවයකි.

රැකියාව

ක්‍රීඩා කරනලද තරගමාලාවන්

ප්‍රධාන තරගයන්
ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රථම එල්ලේ තරග මාලාවටද සහභාගි වී ඇති මෙම ක්‍රීඩකයා එම තරගයේදිද දක්ෂ ක්‍රීඩකයෙකු වශයෙන් තම දක්ෂ්කම් එල්ලේ නරඹන්නන් හට පෙල්වන ලද අතර එම තරගය සංවිධානය කර ඇත්තේ රෙජී රොද්රිගෝ මහතා විසිනි.තරගය පවත්වා ඇත්තේ කදාන මැසිනෝද් විදුහල් ක්‍රිඩා පිටියේ වන අතර එම තරගයේදී ලකුණු 12 ක් තම කණ්ඩායමට ලබා දෙමින් වාර්ථාවක් තැබීමට හැකියාවක් ලැබි ඇත්තේ මෙම ක්‍රීඩකයාගේ දක්ෂතා මතය.
එසේම ප්‍රථම ගම්බද හා නගරබද තරගය නියෝජනය කරමින් ද ,බස්නාහිර පලාත් කණ්ඩායමද ,ලින්ටන් ඒකාබද්ද ක්‍රිඩා සමාජයටද ජා - ඇල ඒකාබද්ද ක්‍රිඩා සමාජයටද ,එල්ලෙ සම්මේලනය මගින් ප්‍රථම වරට පවත්වන ලද ජාතික ශුරතා තරග මාලාවේ අවසන් මහා තරගයට රාගම බැසිලිකා පිල නියෝජනය කරමින් ක්‍රිඩා කිරිමටත්.සුදුසුකම් ලබාගත් අතර එවකට එල්ලේ ක්‍රිඩාවට ඉතාමත් ජනප්‍රියතාවයක් ලැබි තිබු වකවානුවක් බැවින් මොවුන්ගේ අගයද ඉතා ඉහල මට්ටමක විය.
1965 - 1970 දක්වා ශ්‍රි ලංකා යුධ හමුදාවට බැදි ස්වේඡ්චා ඒකකයට බැදී සේවය කලද පසුව ඉන් ඉවත් වි නැවතත් එල්ලේ ක්‍රිඩාවට යොමු වි ඇත.මෙම ක්‍රීඩකයා එල්ලේ නරඹන්නන් අතර රාගම පර්සි වශයෙන් ජනප්‍රියතාවයට පත්වී සිටි අතර කුඩා එල්ලේ ක්‍රිඩකයින්ද මොහු අනුගමනය කරමින් රාගම පර්සි යනුවෙන් හදුන්වමින් එල්ලේ ක්‍රිඩාවේ යෙදි ඇත.

වෙනත්
1965 - 1970 දක්වා ශ්‍රි ලංකා යුධ හමුදාවට බැදි ස්වේඡ්චා ඒකකයට බැදී සේවය කලද පසුව ඉන් ඉවත් වි නැවතත් එල්ලේ ක්‍රිඩාවට යොමු වි ඇත.මෙම ක්‍රීඩකයා එල්ලේ නරඹන්නන් අතර රාගම පර්සි වශයෙන් ජනප්‍රියතාවයට පත්වී සිටි අතර කුඩා එල්ලේ ක්‍රිඩකයින්ද මොහු අනුගමනය කරමින් රාගම පර්සි යනුවෙන් හදුන්වමින් එල්ලේ ක්‍රිඩාවේ යෙදි ඇත.

දක්ෂතා
මොහු පන්දුවට පහර එල්ල කරම්න් ලකුණු 16 ක් එක ඉනිමකදී ලබා ගැනිම ඔහුගේ වැඩිම ලකුණු ලබා ගැනිම වන අතර ලකුණු 12ක් එක් ඉනිමකදි ලබාගත් වාරයන් එකක්ද තම එල්ලේ තරග කාල සිමාවේදි සටහන් කිරිමට තරම් දක්ෂයෙකු වි ඇත.පන්දුවට පහර එල්ල කිරිම මෙන්ම ධාවනයෙන්ද ,පන්දු රැකිමෙන්ද දක්ෂතා පෙන්නුම් කර ඇති තුන් ඉරියව් ක්‍රිඩකයෙකු වශයෙන්ද නම් දරා ඇත.

මුලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැදි
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චරිත කතා
ශ්‍රී ලාංකිකයෝ
සිංහලයෝ
එල්ලේ ක්‍රීඩකයෝ
එල්ලේ
1945 උපත්
එල්ලේ ක්‍රීඩක ක්‍රීඩිකාවෝ

ඩී පර්සි සිල්වා


Izanami (Japonca: 伊弉冉,伊邪那美,伊耶那美,伊弉弥), Japon Mitolojisi'nde bir tanrıdır. İzanagi'nin (Japonca:伊弉諾神, 伊邪那岐, 伊耶那岐命, いざなぎ) hem kız kardeşi hem de karısıdır. İzanami'nin diğer isimleri Yomitsu Ōkami (Japonca:黄泉津大神), Michishiki Ōgami'dir (道敷大神).

Mitoloji'deki Yeri
Japon Yaradılış Mitolojisi'nde İzanagi ile birlikte Yedi Tanrı Kuşağı'nın son tanrısı olarak doğar. İzanagi ile birlikte Kuniumi (Ülkelerin Doğuşu) ve Kamiumi (Tanrıların Doğuşu) olaylarında birçok çocuk yapar. Bu çocuklar Japonya'ya şeklini vermiştir. Bunlar arasında Awaji ve Oki adaları başta olmak üzere Japon sıra adaları ile Dağ, Deniz gibi evrendeki tüm maddeleri yaratan tanrılar da bulunmaktadır. Ateş tanrısı Kagutsuchi'yi doğururken genital bölgesindeki yanıklardan dolayı hastalanıp ölse de ölürken vücudundan çıkan idrar, dışkı, kusmuk ve diğer salgılardan da yeni tanrılar ortaya çıkar. Naaşı "Kojiki"ye göre İzumo ve Hōki bölgelerinin sınırında bulunan Hiba Dağı'na (Günümüz Japonya'sında Shimane Vilayeti'nin Yasugi Şehri, Hakata-cho bölgesinde[1]), "Nihonshoki"ye göre ise Kumano Bölgesi'ndeki Arima Köyü'ne (Günümüz Japonya'sında Mie Vilayeti'nin Kumano Şehri, Arima Köyü'ndeki Hana no Iwaya Jinja Tapınağı) defnedilir. İzanami öldükten sonra kendisiyle buluşmak için Yomi'ye kadar gelen İzanagi onun çürümüş bedenini görünce utancını gizleyemez. Bu duruma çok sinirlenen İzanami, korkudan kaçan İzanagi'yi takip eder. Ancak, İzanagi, Yomi'nin çıkışına doğru yolu büyük kayalarla kapatınca, İzanami'nin onunla buluşması imkansız hale gelir. Böylece, İzanami ile İzanagi'nin aralarındaki bağ kopmuş olur. Bu olaydan sonra İzanami Yomi'nin baş tanrıçası olup Yomitsu Ōkami ve Michishiki Ōgami isimlerini alır.

İsim Kökeni
İzanami'nin "iza" kısmının davet eden (Japonca: 誘う, okunuşu: izanau) anlamına geldiğini söyleyen kuramlar vardır. İsmin "na" kısmı fiil eki ve mi kısmı ise dişilleştiren ektir. Diğer isimlerinden Yomotsuōkami'nin anlamı Yomi'deki tanrıların başkanı anlamına gelmekle birlikte, Chishiki no Ōkami ise (Yomi'nin Yomotsuhirasaka bölgesinde İzanagi'yi) takip eden tanrı anlamına gelmektedir. İzanami'nin isimlerinden kişiliği ile ilgili birçok özellik ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca, karşılaştırmalı mitoloji alanına göre, İzanagi ile İzanami miti birçok bölgedeki mitlerin birleştirilmesiyle oluşturulmuştur.

Mezarı
İzanami'nin mezarının, Japon Mitolojisi'nde geçen Hiba Dağı veya Kumano-shi şehrinden başka, İzomo Bölgesi ile Hōki şehri sınırındaki birçok yerde olduğu mitlerde geçer. 1947 yılına kadar Japonya'da varlığını sürdüren İmparatorluk İşleri Bakanlığı (Japonca: 宮内省, okunuşu: Kunai-shou) günümüzde Matsue-shi şehrinin Yakumo-mura köyünde bulunan Kanna Dağı'ndaki mezarı "referans kabristan" olarak tanımış olmakla birlikte, Japonya İçişleri Bakanlığı ise Sentsū Dağı'nın kuzeyinde bulunan Mihaka Dağı'nı "İzanami no Mikoto Mezar Yeri" olarak göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

Japon tanrıçaları
Ölüm tanrıçaları
Yaratıcı tanrıçalar
Yeraltı tanrıçaları
Ana tanrıçalar
Yaratıcı ilahları
Japon tanrıları

Izanami


Anna Adelaïde Abrahams, () a fost o pictoriță neerlandeză care a pictat natură moartă.

Biografie
Abrahams s-a născut la 16 iunie 1849 în Middelburg, Olanda. Instructorii lui Abrahams i-au inclus pe Jan Frederik Schütz, Rudolphina Swanida Wildrik, Maria Vos și Adriana Johanna Haanen. S-a mutat la Haga în anul 1877. Acolo a participat la Academia Regală de Artă.

Începând cu anul 1882, Abrahams și-a prezentat lucrările în expozițiile Levende Meesters (Maeștrii în viață) din Olanda. A expus în Europa la Paris, Berlin, Düsseldorf și Bruxelles. Și-a expus lucrările la Palatul de Arte Plastice la World's Columbian Exposition din anul 1893 din Chicago, Illinois.

Abrahams a fost membru al asociației de artă Ons Doel Is Schoonheid (Obiectivul nostru este frumusețea). Nu s-a căsătorit niciodată.

Abrahams a murit la Haga la 18 ianuarie 1930.

Gallery

Note

Nașteri în 1849
Decese în 1930
Pictori neerlandezi
Oameni din Middelburg
Pictori din secolul al XIX-lea
Pictori din secolul al XX-lea

Anna Adelaïde Abrahams


An Cymbidium goeringii in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach. An Cymbidium goeringii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Cymbidium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Cymbidium

Cymbidium goeringii


Belgorod Oblast () is a federal subject (an oblast) of Russia. Its administrative center is the city of Belgorod. , the population is 1,540,486.

History

At the turn of the 17th century, a solid line of military fortifications was built in the area, stretching for almost . Zaporozhian Cossacks, who moved here because of the nobility and the tax burden, were in charge of the line defenses.  Even more Cossacks moved to the area during the Khmelnytsky Uprising (1648–1657) and the internecine wars in the Cossack Hetmanate (1659–1679).  Belgorod became the military and administrative center, after originating as an outpost on the southern borders of Russia.

Following the Battle of Poltava, Peter I granted to soldiers of Greater Belgorod the regiment flag.

From 1708 to 1727, the territory of the modern Belgorod Oblast was part of the Kiev and Azov governorates. In 1727, Belgorod Governorate was established from parts of Kiev Governorate. The governorate lasted until 1779. This territory was much greater than that of today, and the governorate incorporated territories modern Kursk, Oryol, and parts of Bryansk and Kharkiv oblasts.  The coat of arms of the then-Governorate is still used by the modern Belgorod Oblast.

In 1775–1779, the territory of Belgorod Governorate was abolished and divided between the newly formed governorates and vice-royalties.  The city of Belgorod and the area around it became a part of Kursk Vice-Royalty, while the southeastern uyezds became a part of Voronezh Governorate.

During the 19th century and up until 1928 the territory of modern Belgorod Oblast remained part of the Kursk and Voronezh governorates. After the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in April 1918, in January 1919 the territory was incorporated into the Ukrainian State under hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi.

The current administrative-territorial boundaries of Belgorod Oblast were formed by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on 6 January 1954. The oblast was formed from several districts of Kursk and Voronezh Oblasts.

For the courage and resilience shown by the people of Belgorod Oblast in defense of the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War, and for progress in reconstruction and development of national economy. On 4 January 1967, Belgorod Oblast was awarded the Order of Lenin, and in 1980 the city of Belgorod was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, first degree.

In 2007, the city of Belgorod received the honorary title of the City of Military Glory.

In May 2023, the governor of the region claimed that a Ukrainian "sabotage group" entered the region. Ukrainian media identified the alleged groups as the Freedom of Russia Legion and Russian Volunteer Corps. The units claimed they had "completely liberated" the settlement of Kozinka in the oblast, and that they had entered Graivoron.

Geography
Belgorod Oblast is part of the Central Black Earth economic region and the Central Federal District. It borders with Luhansk, Kharkiv, and Sumy Oblasts of Ukraine in the south and west, Kursk Oblast in the north and northwest, and Voronezh Oblast in the east.  The total length of its borders is about , of which  are on the border with Ukraine.

The area of the oblast is ; the oblast stretches for about  from north to south and for about  from east to west. The oblast is located in the southwestern and southern slopes of the Central Russian Upland in the Dnieper and Don River basins, in the steppe zone of elevated hilly plain with an average height of  above the sea level. The highest point is  above sea level, in Prokhorovsky District. The lowest point is located at the bottom of the Oskol and Seversky Donets River valleys.

Climate
The climate of Belgorod Oblast is temperate continental with a relatively mild winter with some snowfall and long summers. Average annual air temperature varies from  to , being warmer on average in the southeast than the north. The coldest month is January and the frost-free period is 155–160 days, with an average of 1800 hours of sunshine. Rainfall is uneven by year and season,  with an average of 540–550 mm although rainfall can dramatically differ between the western and northern areas and the warmer, drier eastern and southeast where some years lows of around  have been recorded.

Natural resources
Over 40% of known iron ore reserves of Russia are concentrated in the oblast.  Deposits are confined to the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly area. Among them are Korobkovsky, Lebedinskoye, Stoylenskoye, and prospective Prioskolskoye iron ore deposits in Stary Oskol District, Bolshetroitskoye in Shebekinsky District, as well as Yakovlevskoye and Pogremetskoye fields.

Identified and explored in varying degrees are the large deposits of bauxites, apatites, underground mineral waters, and numerous deposits of construction materials such as chalk, sand, clay, and more. There are also known occurrences of gold, graphite, and other rare metals.  Geographical features make the oblast likely to have deposits of platinum, hydrocarbons, and other minerals.

Hydrography

Rivers, lakes, and marshes occupy about 1% of the oblast's territory. There are more than 480 small rivers and streams. The largest of them are in the northwest—the Seversky Donets, Vorskla, Vorsklitsa, Psyol, and in the eastern regions—the Oskol, Tikhaya Sosna, Chyornaya Kalitva, Valuy. The total length of the river network is roughly , and in addition, there are 1,100 ponds and four artificial reservoirs.

Wildlife

The fauna of Belgorod Oblast is predominantly of the meadow-steppe variety and comprises, by various estimates, from ten to fifteen thousand species.

About 10% of the animal species are in need of special protection. Fifty species are included in the IUCN Red List. There are about 279 species of birds, including 152 which breed in the oblast. The richest bird populations include sparrows (111 species); waders (45 species); geese (up to 30 species); day predators (21 species). The richest bird populations include sparrows (111 species); waders (45 species); geese (up to 30 species); day predators (21 species). The numbers of game animal species are as follows: moose: 387; deer: 501; roe deer: 4474; boar: 2574; hare: 18361; fox: 3856; marten: 2025; polecat: 1120; wolf: 36. The annual number of game animals remains stable.

Vegetation
Vegetation in Belgorod Oblast reflects the features of the northern forest-steppe, characterized by the alternation of forests with the meadow steppes. It is chiefly represented by two types of vegetation—the zonal and extrazonal.  In all, there are 1,284 flora species.  Woodlands cover 9.8% of the total area, of which over 800 hectares are classified as protected areas because their rare species of plants and habitats of animals are on the IUCN red list.

Culture

The Belgorod region played a significant role in the evolution of Russian culture.
It was inhabited by different tribes besides East Slavs and was one of the earliest Rus' principalities. Belgorod region played an important role in the Russian wedding tradition of the Rushnyk. Belgorod is also famous for its wood carving.

Politics

During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Belgorod CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.

The Charter of Belgorod Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Legislative Assembly of Belgorod Oblast is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.

The governor of Belgorod Oblast, Yevgeny Savchenko, was first appointed to this position in 1993 and subsequently re-elected in 1995, 1999, 2003, 2012 and 2017. In the 1999 election, his rival was Vladimir Zhirinovsky. Savchenko holds the title of longest-serving governor in post-Soviet Russia, being in office for 27 years. Since November 2020, Vyacheslav Gladkov is the governor of Belgorod Oblast.

On 13 September 2020, elections to the 7th Belgorod Oblast Duma were conducted. The United Russia Party has won 44 out of 50 seats, 4 seats were won by the Communist Party, 1 by the LDPR, and 1 by the Russian Party of Pensioners for Social Justice.

Demographics

In terms of area, the oblast is in the 67th place among the federal subjects of Russia; while in terms of population it is 30th (as of the results of the 2021 Census, down two places compared to the 2010 Census results. According to the results of the 2021 Census, the population of the oblast was 1,540,486, with the urban population of 65.2% and the rural population of 34.8%. This is up from 1,532,526 recorded in the 2010 Census, and 1,380,723 recorded in the 1989 Census.

Population density in 2008 was 56.1 persons per 1 km2. The average age is 38.5 years—35.6 for men and 41 for women; 46% of the population are economically active.

As in other regions of the European part of Russia, since the dissolution of the Soviet Union there has been a natural population decrease (about -5 per 1,000 of the population). In recent years, there has been some reversion of this decline as a result of growth of fertility and mortality. Nevertheless, despite the negative trend of growth, the population of the area has remained relatively stable because of immigration. Belgorod, in Soviet times, attracted retirement workers from the Far North and Ukraine. This trend has increased since 2005 and now cancels out the natural decline in population. Worker migrants also arrive in Belgorod from Uzbekistan; however, Muslim migrants face discrimination on a daily basis, and choose to leave.

Settlements

Population
Population:

Ethnic composition

245,098 people (or 15.9% of the population) residing in the Belgorod oblast did not state their ethnicity in the 2021 census.
44,012 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.

Vital statistics for 2022:
Births: 10,885 (7.1 per 1,000)
Deaths: 21,754 (14.3 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022):
1.17 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021):
Total — 70.67 years (male — 66.54, female — 74.66)

Religion

According to a 2012 survey 50.5% of the population of Belgorod Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 8.1% are nondenominational Christians (excluding Protestant churches), 1.7% are Orthodox Christians who don't belong to the Russian Orthodox Church. In addition, 22.2% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious, 10.5% is atheist or irreligious, and 7% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.

Administrative divisions

Belgorod Oblast is administratively divided into twenty-one districts (raions), which are further divided into 335 rural okrugs.  There are ten cities/towns in the oblast, as well as twenty urban-type settlements and 1,592 rural-type settlements.

Economy

Belgorod Oblast is a highly developed industrial-agrarian region, whose economy relies on its enormous wealth of mineral resources and the unique black soils.

Belgorod Oblast has traditionally had and still has strong ties with the agro-industrial complex of Ukraine. Despite its relatively small size, the oblast accounts for one fifth of the trade turnover between Russia and Ukraine.

Some 2,713.4 thousand hectares is dedicated to agriculture, over 70% of which are chernozems. Per capita, there are an average of 1.43 hectares of pastoral land, and 1.1 hectares of arable land. Natural forests and forest plantations occupy 248.3 thousand hectares, or 12.5% of the oblast's area.  Total timber reserves are estimated to be 34.3 million m3.

Transport

Important railways and highways of regional significance cross the oblast's territory, connecting Moscow with the southern and western regions of Russia and Ukraine. Of major importance is the Crimea Highway, or federal highway M-2 Crimea, and the Moscow-Kharkiv-Sevastopol railway line. The length of railways for general use is 694.6 km; the length of paved roads is 8,500 km; roughly 87% of the total road surface in the oblast.

References

Notes

Sources

External links

 Official website of Belgorod Oblast ;
 Belgorod Oblast sceneries photos

Oblasts of Russia
States and territories established in 1954

Belgorod Oblast


Labiodentalni nazal glas je koji postoji u mnogim jezicima, a u međunarodnoj fonetskoj abecedi za nj se rabi simbol [ɱ].

Glas postoji u mnogim jezicima, ali uglavnom kao alofon glasova /m/ i /n/ pred labiodentalima poput glasova [f] i [v]. Takva je situacija i u hrvatskome gdje se pojavljuje u riječima poput tramvaj [trǎɱʋaj] ili informacija [iɱformǎːt͡sija]. U jeziku angami pojavljuje se kao alofon glasa /m/ pred šva, a u jeziku ndrumbea kao alofon glasa /v/ pred nazalnim samoglasnicima.

Kao fonem pojavljuje se u jeziku kukuya.

Karakteristike su:

 po načinu tvorbe jest nazal
 po mjestu tvorbe jest labiodentalni suglasnik
 po zvučnosti jest zvučan.

Izvori

Fonetika

Labiodentalni nazal


Crkva sv. Filipa u Makarskoj, na Rivi, zaštićeno kulturno dobro

Opis dobra
Crkva sv. Filipa jednobrodna je građevina s polukružnom apsidom i zvonikom s rastvorenom ložom na prvom katu. Pročelje crkve naglašeno je portalom. U unutrašnjosti crkve nalazi se pet baroknih mramornih oltara te grob biskupa Blaškovića ukrašen mramornom intarzijom. Na ogradi kora s ostacima Nakićevih orgulja, nalaze se barokne slike. Uz crkvu je danas pregrađeni samostan filipinaca, koji se sastojao od nekoliko kuća oko unutrašnjeg dvorišta, a sagradio ga je biskup Stjepan Blašković u 18. st. Na ulazu u samostan nalazi se natpis koji govori o gradnji samostana i njegovom donatoru.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-5063 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene sakralne građevine u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Makarskoj

Crkva sv. Filipa u Makarskoj


Un element transuranian (transuranic) este un element chimic cu numărul de ordine Z≥ 93, urmând uraniului în sistemul periodic al elementelor. Elementele transuraniene sunt elemente radioactive. La rândul lor, acestea se împart în actinide (începând cu neptuniul și până la lawrenciu) și în transactinoide (începând cu rutherfordiu și până la oganesson).

Descoperire
Doar neptuniul și plutoniul au fost întâlnite în natură, doar în urme, așadar sinteza celorlalte elemente transuraniene a fost realizată doar prin reacții nucleare, ceea ce a și permis descrierea și caracterizarea acestora.

Până în prezent, toate aceste elemente au fost descoperite la următoarele laboratoare de cercetare: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory din Statele Unite (elementele 93–101, 106 și 103–105), Joint Institute for Nuclear Research din Rusia (elementele 102, 114–118 și 103–105), GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research din Germania (elementele 107–112) și RIKEN din Japonia (elementul 113).

Transactinoidele, denumite și elemente supergrele, au fost obținute începând cu cea de-a doua jumătate a secolului al XX-lea, iar procesul de obținere a continuat și în secolul al XXI-lea. Acestea au fost sintetizate prin bombardarea altor elemente chimice în acceleratoare de particule. De exemplu, rutherfordiu-261 a fost obținut în urma fuziunii atomilor de californiu-249 și carbon-12. Aceste elemente pot fi obținute doar la scară atomică, în cantități extrem de mici, și încă nu a fost descoperită o metodă pentru a le obține la scară mai mare.

Clasificare
Elementele transuraniene cunoscute până în prezent pot fi clasificate în două grupe:
Actinide:

 Neptuniu (Np, Z= 93)
 Plutoniu (Pu, Z= 94)
 Americiu (Am, Z= 95)
 Curiu (Cm, Z= 96)
 Berkeliu (Bk, Z= 97)
 Californiu (Cf, Z= 98)
 Einsteiniu (Es, Z= 99)
 Fermiu (Fm, Z= 100)
 Mendeleviu (Md, Z= 101)
 Nobeliu (No,, Z= 102)
 Lawrenciu (Lr, Z= 103)

:Transactinide:

 Rutherfordiu (Rf, Z= 104)
 Dubniu (Db, Z= 105)
 Seaborgiu (Sb, Z= 106)
 Bohriu (Bh, Z= 107)
 Hassiu (Hs, Z= 108)
 Meitneriu (Mt, Z= 109)
 Darmstadtiu (Ds, Z= 110)
 Roentgeniu (Rg, Z= 111)
 Coperniciu (Cn, Z= 112)
 Nihoniu (Nh, Z= 113)
 Fleroviu (Fl, Z= 114)
 Moscoviu (Mc, Z= 115)
 Livermoriu (Lv, Z= 116)
 Tennessin (Ts, Z= 117)
 Oganesson (Og, Z= 118)

Note

Vezi și

 Condensat Bose-Einstein
 Insulă de stabilitate

Grupe de elemente chimice
Fizică nucleară
Chimie nucleară
Fisiune nucleară
Radioactivitate

Element transuranian