Jennifer Kate Hudson (born September 12, 1981), also known by her nickname J.Hud, is an  American singer, actress, and talk show host. Throughout her career, she has received various accolades for her works in recorded music, film, television, and theater. Hudson became the youngest woman and second African-American woman to receive all four of the major American entertainment awards: Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony (EGOT). She also received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2013. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2020.

Hudson rose to fame in 2004 as a finalist on the third season of American Idol, placing seventh. She made her film debut as Effie White in the musical Dreamgirls (2006), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, becoming the youngest African-American to win in a competitive acting category. After signing to Arista Records, Hudson released her self-titled debut studio album in 2008, which was certified Gold in the United States and the United Kingdom, and won the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album.

Hudson's subsequent studio albums, I Remember Me (2011) and  JHUD (2014), both charted within the top ten of the Billboard 200, with the former also being certified Gold in the US. Meanwhile, her other acting roles include the films Sex and the City (2008), The Secret Life of Bees (2008), Winnie Mandela (2011), Black Nativity (2013), Sing (2016), Cats (2019) and Respect (2021), the television shows Smash (2012), Empire (2015) and Confirmation (2016), and her Broadway debut with the musical The Color Purple. Hudson also contributed as a coach on the UK and the US version of The Voice from 2017 up to 2019, becoming the first female coach to win the former. In 2022, she began hosting a talk show, The Jennifer Hudson Show.

Early life
Hudson was born on September 12, 1981, in Chicago, Illinois. She is the third and youngest child of Darnell Donerson and Samuel Simpson. She was raised as a Baptist in Englewood and attended Dunbar Vocational High School, from which she graduated in 1999. She cites Whitney Houston, Aretha Franklin, and Patti LaBelle as her overall biggest influences and inspiration. She has also credited Mariah Carey as being one of her musical "heroes". At age 7 she got her start in performing by singing with the church choir and doing community theater with the help of her late maternal grandmother, Julia. She enrolled at Langston University but she left after a semester due to homesickness and unhappiness with the weather, and registered at Kennedy–King College.

In January 2002, Hudson signed her first recording contract with Righteous Records, a Chicago-based independent record label. She was released from her five-year contract with Righteous Records so that she could appear on American Idol in 2004.

Career

2004–05: American Idol
Hudson auditioned for the third season of American Idol in Atlanta. After commenting that she had been singing on Disney Cruise Lines (aboard the Disney Wonder) for the past few months as one of the Muses from Hercules, judge Randy Jackson told her, "We're expecting more than a cruise ship performance from you." Hudson received the highest number of votes in the "Top 9" after her performance of Elton John's "Circle of Life" on April 6, 2004, but two weeks later, she was eliminated during the "Top 7" show after performing Barry Manilow's, "Weekend in New England". In May 2009, MTV listed Hudson as the sixth greatest contestant in American Idol history and noted her exit was the most shocking of all time. In May 2010, the Los Angeles Times claimed Hudson to be the third greatest Idol contestant in the history of the show, placing behind season one winner Kelly Clarkson and season four winner Carrie Underwood respectively.

Performances

2006–07: Dreamgirls and breakthrough
In one of her first appearances on a record, Hudson is featured in a duet, "The Future Ain't What It Used to Be", on Meat Loaf's Bat Out of Hell III: The Monster Is Loose. In September 2006, Hudson performed the song, "Over It", live on Fox Chicago Morning News. In the interview she stated the song would be included on her debut album, to be released in early 2007; however, this was before she was signed to a record label. In November 2006, Hudson signed a record deal with Arista Records. Hudson also recorded a song she co-wrote with Bill Grainer and Earl Powell called "Stand Up", which was available for preview on her fan website.  The track was produced by Chicago natives Powell and Herman Little III, who also arranged the song. The power-ballad would later become available on the deluxe edition of Hudson's self-titled album as a bonus track.

In November 2005, Hudson was cast in the role of Effie White for the film adaptation of the musical Dreamgirls, which also starred Jamie Foxx, Beyoncé Knowles and Eddie Murphy. The role marked Hudson's debut screen performance. She won the role over hundreds of professional singers and actresses, including Fantasia Barrino. Filming of Dreamgirls began on January 9, 2006, and the film went into limited release on December 25, 2006, and national release on January 12, 2007. Hudson has won particular praise for her show-stopping onscreen rendition of the hit song, "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going", the signature song of the role, which had earlier been recorded, and had already reached the status of musical standard, because of the definitive performance of Jennifer Holliday. The New York Observer described Hudson's performance of the song as "five mellifluous, molto vibrato minutes that have suddenly catapulted Ms. Hudson... into the position of front-runner for the best supporting actress Oscar". Newsweek said that when moviegoers hear Hudson sing the song, she, "is going to raise goose bumps across the land." Variety magazine wrote that Hudson's performance "calls to mind debuts like Barbra Streisand in Funny Girl or Bette Midler in The Rose, with a voice like the young Aretha".
"Love You I Do" was nominated for the 2007 Academy Award for Best Original Song and won the 2008 Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media.

As Effie White, Hudson has garnered 29 awards from film critics as Best Supporting Actress and Breakthrough Performer of 2006. She won the Golden Globe Award as Best Actress in a Supporting Role. In addition, she has been named Best Supporting Actress by the Broadcast Film Critics Association and also by the Screen Actors Guild. After seeing Hudson's performance in Dreamgirls, Simon Cowell taped a congratulatory message to her, which aired on The Oprah Winfrey Show. With the March 2007 issue, Jennifer Hudson became the third African-American celebrity and the first African-American singer to grace the cover of Vogue magazine.
On February 11, 2007, the 60th British Academy Film Awards were held in London, but Hudson was not there to accept her BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role. The BAFTA Award went missing and Hudson did not receive her award until April 22, 2011, when it was presented to her on the Graham Norton Show.
On February 25, 2007, she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the film.
Later in 2007, the mayor of her home town, Chicago, Richard M. Daley, declared March 6 as "Jennifer Hudson Day". She was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences on June 18, along with 115 other individuals for 2007. Entertainment Weekly put her performance on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Sure, Beyoncé's performance was great. And Eddie Murphy's was impressive. But there was really only one reason we all rushed to see 2006's Dreamgirls: Jennifer Hudson's soul-to-the-rafters rendition of the classic 'And I'm Telling You I'm Not Going'. When she sang 'You're gonna love me,' it wasn't just a lyric — it was a fact."

2008–09: Jennifer Hudson album and films

In May 2008, Hudson appeared in the feature film Sex and the City as Louise, Carrie Bradshaw's assistant. Filming finished in December 2007 and the movie was released on May 30, 2008.
In October 2008, Hudson made her third film appearance in The Secret Life of Bees as Rosaleen, the mother figure of Lily Owens (Dakota Fanning). Also starring in the film are fellow Oscar nominees Queen Latifah and Sophie Okonedo, as well as Alicia Keys. The film opened on October 17, 2008, and grossed over $37 million at the box office. The film won two People's Choice Awards in January 2009 in the categories, Favorite Drama Movie and Favorite Independent Movie. The film also received nine Black Reel Awards nominations including three wins. Hudson was nominated for her performance in the film, but lost to Queen Latifah. The film also received eight nominations at the 2009 NAACP Image Awards, including a nomination for Hudson for her performance.

In 2009, Hudson starred as Kathy Archenault in Fragments, a film based on the novel by Roy Freirich, with Dakota Fanning and Forest Whitaker. It was released on DVD on August 4, 2009. In 2010, Hudson started filming the biopic film Winnie Mandela based on the South African politician Winnie Mandela starring alongside Terrence Howard and directed by Darrell J. Roodt. Andre Pieterse and Roodt and Paul L. Johnson based the film's script on Anne Marie du Preez Bezdrob's biography, Winnie Mandela: A Life. The Creative Workers Union of South Africa have opposed this choice, stating they will push for a moratorium on the film if the casting is not reversed. Winnie Mandela has threatened legal action over this film, claiming she was not "consulted" about the film. Winnie Mandela was originally scheduled to be released in December 2011; the trailer was released in 2010. Image Entertainment released the film on September 6, 2013.

In January 2008, Hudson returned to the studio to record new songs for her debut studio album. Her label was reportedly unhappy with the direction they were sending Hudson musically and decided it would be best to scrap the older songs and instead focus on new ones. Hudson worked with Ryan Tedder and Timbaland on a number of songs. Her debut single, "Spotlight" was released on June 10, 2008, and became Hudson's first top 40 hit peaking at number 24 on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top 20 hit in the United Kingdom and Turkey.
Her debut studio album, Jennifer Hudson, was released on September 30, 2008, on Arista and was written by Ne-Yo, who co-produced along with Stargate. Additional contributors on the album include Timbaland, Missy Elliott, Robin Thicke, Harvey Mason, Jr., Diane Warren, Earl Powell, and Christopher "Tricky" Stewart, among others. The album debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 with 217,000 copies in the US and opened to positive reviews. As of August 2009, the album has sold 739,000 copies in the US, receiving a Gold certification for surpassing sales of 500,000. She has performed the song, "All Dressed in Love" for the Sex and the City soundtrack, which was released on May 27, 2008. Hudson performed the national anthem at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.

The album's second single was to be released in October 2008, and was originally set to be "My Heart" before "If This Isn't Love" was chosen as the official second single. After three of her family members were brutally murdered, the single was rescheduled for a January 2009 release. However, in January 2009, her label decided to postpone the release of the second single once more, choosing a February 2009 release date. After the release of "If This Isn't Love", the single eventually peaked at number 63 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 37 on the UK Singles Chart. The third single was "Pocketbook" featuring Ludacris in April 2009, for a June 2009 release, despite speculation that the third single would be "My Heart" after it was canceled as the second single. In May 2009, "Pocketbook" was canceled as the third single due to negative reception from fans and critics alike. The third single was then rescheduled as "Giving Myself" and was released on June 2, 2009, to the US. Her debut album garnered Hudson three nominations at the 2009 Grammy Awards: Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "Spotlight", Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for "I'm His Only Woman" with Fantasia Barrino, and Best R&B Album for Jennifer Hudson. She won the last of these and performed at the awards ceremony.

In February 2009, Hudson made her first public appearance since the murders when she sang the Star-Spangled Banner at Super Bowl XLIII. She toured the United States with Robin Thicke in 2009. In early May 2009, Hudson suffered "throat fatigue" and had to reschedule her May 16–19, 2009, tour dates. She sang "Will You Be There" at the Michael Jackson memorial service in July 2009. Hudson recorded "Neither One of Us (Wants to Be the First to Say Goodbye)," originally by Gladys Knight & the Pips, for American Idol Season 3: Greatest Soul Classics — the official American Idol album for the third season. She is featured on Ne-Yo's second album, Because of You, on the track, "Leaving Tonight". Hudson performed a Christmas special in December 2009 called Jennifer Hudson: I'll Be Home for Christmas. During the special, she relived her childhood Christmases with musical performances filmed at her favorite locations in her native Chicago. Hudson also visited family members, friends and other childhood influences during the broadcast. On January 22, 2010, Hudson appeared on the telethon "Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief", performing the Beatles' "Let it Be". The telecast generated $61 million in donations . Also, that year, Hudson recorded the song "One Shining Moment" for the 2010 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.

2010–12: Weight Watchers and I Remember Me

In 2010, Hudson became the spokesperson for Weight Watchers. That year, she had lost  and "[did] not want to lose any more weight." However, on February 10, 2011, she appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and revealed she had lost a total of 80 pounds. Her 2012 autobiography, I Got This: How I Changed My Ways and Lost What Weighed Me Down, detailed her weight loss.

Early in the album I Remember Mes development, Ne-Yo told E! Online that Hudson was ready to get personal on her second studio album and that he might be producing the album. He said "She's gone through a lot over the last year, so she has a lot to talk about," he continues. "She's definitely gotten stronger. The things that she's gone through and for her to still be upbeat and happy, it's amazing." Hudson released her second studio album I Remember Me on March 22, 2011. It debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 selling 165,000 copies in its first week of release.

On January 24, 2011, Hudson premiered the album's lead single "Where You At". It was written by R. Kelly and produced by Harvey Mason, Jr. The song went for radio adds that same week. On February 3, 2011, due to radio adds the single made its debut on the US  Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number 53, having so far reached a peak of number 10. The music video premiered on BET's 106 & Park and through Vevo in February 2011. "No One Gonna Love You" impacted on Urban adult contemporary radio in the United States in May 2011. A remix bundle, "No One Gonna Love You-The Remixes", was released as a digital download in the US and the UK in July 2011. The song has reached number 23 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. The third US single will be "I Got This". The non-single track "Don't Look Down" reached number 70 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.

2013–2014: JHUD

Hudson played a nun in the Farrelly brothers film The Three Stooges (2012). The day after the death of Whitney Houston, Hudson paid tribute to her by singing Houston's "I Will Always Love You" during the 54th Grammy Awards held on February 12, 2012, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles, California. Hudson guest-starred for a multi-episode arc on the second season of Smash. She sang "America the Beautiful" with the Sandy Hook Elementary School chorus at Super Bowl XLVII. Hudson sang at the 85th Academy Awards in a tribute to musical films. She performed "Same Love" with Macklemore, Ryan Lewis, and Mary Lambert at the 2013 MTV Video Music Awards.

On September 21, 2013, a new single from Hudson's forthcoming third studio album was released via her website. The 70s stylized uptempo ballad, "I Can't Describe (The Way I Feel)", features T.I. with production by Pharrell, she performed this song alongside Chaka Khan, Evelyn Champagne King, and T.I. at the 2013 Soul Train Awards. In October 2013, Hudson starred in the coming of age drama The Inevitable Defeat of Mister & Pete alongside Jordin Sparks as well as the drama/musical Black Nativity. Furthermore, she appears alongside Amy Adams in the drama Lullaby. On November 13, 2013, Hudson was awarded with the 2,512th star of the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Hudson's third studio album, JHUD, was released on September 23, 2014. Hudson described the album as more "upbeat" than her previous material. She worked with Timbaland, Pharrell Williams,  RedOne, and R. Kelly among others. RedOne said about the material: "It's not dance dance, but it's soulful dance. It's very '70s kinda style". Hudson stated: "What we're doing feels so right that I never want to go home (from the studio). My sister and my manager will be sleeping on the couch while we work until 4 or 5am".

Hudson confirmed that a song on the album will be "It's Your World" and features R. Kelly, in an interview with Jonathan Ross on The Jonathan Ross Show. The track went on to be nominated for Best R&B Vocal Performance at the 2015 Grammy Awards. On June 20, she released the music video for "Walk it Out" featuring Timbaland, which is the first single off her upcoming album. Her third album, JHUD, would include "different expressions of [Hudson] as an artist, a girl, [and] a music lover".

2015–2016: The Color Purple, Hairspray Live, and Sing

At the 87th Academy Awards, Hudson performed her song (originally from NBC's Smash) "I Can't Let Go" by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman as a tribute to the individuals Hollywood lost in the previous year.

Later in 2015, Hudson guest-starred as Michelle White, a minor semi-recurring character in the first season of Empire. She sang three songs on the show, "Remember the Music", "Whatever Makes You Happy", and "For My God".

Hudson helped welcome Pope Francis on his first visit to the United States by singing her rendition of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah".

In fall 2015, Hudson made her Broadway debut as Shug Avery in the Broadway revival of The Color Purple, alongside Cynthia Erivo and Danielle Brooks. New York Times critic Ben Brantley hailed her performance saying, "Ms. Hudson radiates a lush, supple stage presence that is echoed by her velvet voice." Hudson later picked up her second career Grammy for Best Musical Theater Album (2017) for her work on The Color Purple."

In June 2016, Hudson performed Prince's "Purple Rain", on the BET Awards, which she had previously sung onstage with the cast of The Color Purple, the day Prince died. She wore an outfit similar to one Prince had worn, and audiences were mesmerized by her explosive performance.

On June 28, 2016, Hudson signed with Epic Records. L.A. Reid and Clive Davis are joining forces for the first time since Whitney Houston's The Bodyguard soundtrack 25 years ago. "Jennifer Hudson is the defining voice of this generation," said Reid. "Her award-winning presence on records, in film and on stage establishes her as one of the premiere artists to emerge in this century." Davis says: "I signed Jennifer in 2007 believing her to be the strongest candidate as the next generation's Aretha Franklin and Whitney. She has become that, as LA and I excitingly reunite to capture Jennifer at her all-time best."

Meanwhile, Hudson picked up a few minor film roles, including in Spike Lee's musical Chi-Raq, and HBO's Confirmation, alongside Kerry Washington.

In December 2016, Hudson played scene-stealer Motormouth Maybelle in NBC's Hairspray Live!. Her version of the Civil Rights-themed ballad "I Know Where I've Been", blew audiences away, garnering Emmy buzz from fans and critics alike. During the credit sequence, Hudson duets with costar Ariana Grande on Shaiman and Wittman's "Come So Far".

Hudson lent her voice to the younger version of the character Nana Noodleman in the Illumination Entertainment film, Sing, which was released December 21, 2016. In the film, she sang The Beatles' classic, "Golden Slumbers/Carry That Weight", which was the recurring musical theme of the film. On the deluxe soundtrack, Hudson sings with Tori Kelly on a duet version of Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah".

2017–present: Sandy Wexler, The Voice, Cats, Respect and new music
Hudson starred as singer Courtney Clarke in the film, Sandy Wexler, which premiered in April 2017. In early 2017, Hudson debuted in The Voice franchise as a coach on the sixth season of The Voice UK. She won the season with her act Mo Adeniran and became the first female coach to win the show. Hudson had joined the American version of The Voice as a coach for its thirteenth season.

Hudson released "Remember Me" on March 3, 2017. On December 12, 2017, she released another new song, "Burden Down". The same day, Hudson performed "Remember Me" live for the first time on the semi-final result night of The Voice. Later, a music video for the single was also released.

Hudson returned for her second series as a coach to The Voice UK; her second series premiered on January 6, 2018, and concluded on April 7, where Hudson's finalist Belle Voci finished third. On January 27, 2018, Clive Davis disclosed that Hudson had been handpicked by Aretha Franklin to portray her in an eventual biopic with a prospective release date in 2021.

Jennifer Hudson performed with the D.C. Choir at the March for Our Lives anti-gun violence rally in Washington, D.C., on March 24, 2018. Hudson returned as a coach for the fifteenth season of the American version of The Voice after taking a one-season hiatus. Her final act, Kennedy Holmes, finished in fourth place overall. Hudson returned for The Voice UKs eighth series. In 2018, Hudson was cast as the Cats character Grizabella in the film adaptation, which was released in 2019.

In March 2020, Hudson collaborated with Bono, Will.i.am, and Yoshiki to create "#SING4LIFE", a song written and compiled remotely by the four musicians to lift spirits during the COVID-19 crisis.

On July 20, 2021, Hudson did an interview with Oprah Winfrey about her role as Aretha Franklin in the film, Respect. The Aretha Franklin bio-pic, Respect, was directed by Liesl Tommy and was released in August 2021. Hudson's performance earned her the Chairman's Award at the Palm Springs International Film Festival as well as a nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role. The film was accompanied by a soundtrack sung entirely by Hudson featuring covers of several of Franklin's songs with one original song for Hudson, "Here I Am (Singing My Way Home)", being released as the soundtracks lead single in June 2021. The song earned Hudson nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media. The film's soundtrack received a nomination for the Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media.

On August 19, 2021, Hudson performed a show at the Apollo Theater called Jennifer Hudson - Live at the Apollo: A Night of Soul.

On August 21, Hudson performed "Nessun Dorma" at We Love NYC: The Homecoming Concert backed by New York Philharmonic in Central Park.

In September 2021, Hudson won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Interactive Media for a Daytime Program for being an executive producer for Baba Yaga, a 27-minute interactive fairytale story made for Oculus Quest.

In February 2022, Jennifer Hudson was one of the night's major winners at the 2022 NAACP Image Awards. She won the Entertainer of the Year and Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture for her portrayal of Aretha Franklin in the film Respect. In May 2022, Hudson received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Musical for serving as a producer for the Broadway musical, A Strange Loop. On June 12, 2022, Hudson became one of seventeen people to have won an Oscar, an Emmy, a Grammy, and a Tony ("an EGOT") at the 75th Tony Awards. She will appears in upcoming films, Breathe and Tell It Like a Woman.

Hudson's syndicated talk show, The Jennifer Hudson Show, launched on September 12, 2022.

Personal life
Hudson began dating James Payton in 1999, when she was 18. They separated in late 2007. Hudson met David Otunga, a professional wrestler in the WWE and a Harvard Law graduate, and the couple became engaged in September 2008. In August 2009, Hudson gave birth to her first child, her son David Daniel Otunga, Jr. In November 2017, Hudson and Otunga had split.

On October 24, 2008, Hudson's 57-year-old mother Darnell Donerson and 29-year-old brother Jason were found shot to death inside the Chicago home Donerson shared with Hudson's older sister, Julia. An AMBER Alert was issued for her 7-year-old nephew, Julian King, when Julia reported him missing. Three days later the Federal Bureau of Investigation confirmed a body found on Chicago's West Side was the nephew; an autopsy indicated he had died from "multiple gunshot wounds". Police charged William Balfour, Julia's estranged 27-year-old husband, with three counts of first-degree murder and one count of home invasion. Convicted on all seven counts against him,  in July 2012, he was sentenced to three life sentences without the possibility of parole (to be served consecutively), followed by an additional 120 years for his other convictions. Hudson's family created The Hudson-King Foundation for Families of Slain Victims, in honor of the three victims. Hudson and her sister created the Julian D. King Gift Foundation in honor of her nephew. It provides Christmas presents and school supplies to families in need in the Chicago area.

Hudson has been described as a friend of former President Barack Obama, who invited her to appear with him at a fundraiser in Beverly Hills during his first term in May 2009. She also performed at the White House at the "Celebration of Music from the Civil Rights Movement" event.

, Hudson resides in Burr Ridge, Illinois, a western suburb of Chicago.

Discography

 Jennifer Hudson (2008)
 I Remember Me (2011)
 JHUD (2014)

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 The Jennifer Hudson Show official website

1981 births
Living people
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
Actresses from Chicago
African-American actresses
African-American women singers
American dance musicians
American women pop singers
American film actresses
American Idol participants
American contemporary R&B singers
American soul singers
American voice actresses
Baptists from Illinois
Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
Best Supporting Actress BAFTA Award winners
Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (film) winners
Daytime Emmy Award winners
Dunbar Vocational High School alumni
Grammy Award winners
Langston University alumni
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners
RCA Records artists
Singers from Chicago
Judges in American reality television series

Jennifer Hudson


PIRCH or pIRCh is a shareware Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client published by Northwest Computer Services.  Its name is an acronym – PolarGeek's IRC Hack.

The last version of the program, known as PIRCH98, was released in 1998. PIRCH has in the past been considered to be the number-two Windows IRC client behind mIRC.

PIRCH inspired the creation of Vortec IRC due to a lack of software updates.

Reception
Forrest Stroud's 1998 review of Pirch stated it has "great selection of features and is an IRC client that will especially appeal to novice IRC users", such as the capability of simultaneous multiple server connections. But Stroud noted, "PIRCH is relatively slow in listing channels for servers and also lacks the capability to filter the number of channels based on the number of users or the ability to sort based on the name of a channel".

In 1999, Joe Barr of LinuxWorld referred to Pirch as a "nice Windows client".

See also
 Comparison of Internet Relay Chat clients

References

External links

PIRCH FAQ

Year of introduction missing
Discontinued software
Windows Internet Relay Chat clients
Windows-only shareware

PIRCH (IRC client)


Østli ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Anders Østli (* 1983), norwegischer Fußballspieler
 Asgeir Østli (* 1955), norwegischer Politiker
 Kjetil S. Østli (* 1975), norwegischer Journalist
 Lars Løkken Østli (* 1986), norwegischer Eishockeyspieler
 Omar Østli (* 1970), norwegischer Gitarrist, Liedschreiber und Sänger
 Siri Østli (* 1957), norwegische Schriftstellerin

Østli


An Platanthera sparsiflora in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Sereno Watson, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Schltr.. An Platanthera sparsiflora in nahilalakip ha genus nga Platanthera, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Platanthera

Platanthera sparsiflora


Stormfulde højder er en amerikansk dramafilm fra . Filmen er instrueret af William Wyler, og har Merle Oberon og Laurence Olivier i hovedrollerne. Filmen er baseret på bogen med samme navn fra 1847 af Emily Brontë.

Medvirkende
 Merle Oberon som Cathy Earnshaw
 Laurence Olivier som Heathcliff
 David Niven som Edgar Linton
 Flora Robson som Ellen
 Donald Crisp som Dr. Kenneth
 Geraldine Fitzgerald som Isabella Linton
 Hugh Williams som Hindley Earnshaw
 Leo G. Carroll som Joseph
 Miles Mander som Lockwood
 Cecil Kellaway som Earnshaw

Eksterne henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 1939
Engelsksprogede film
Dramafilm fra USA
Film baseret på bøger

Stormfulde højder (film fra 1939)


An Puya ibischii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Roberto Vásquez. An Puya ibischii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Puya, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Puya

Puya ibischii


Die römisch-katholische Pfarrkirche Globasnitz steht in der Gemeinde Globasnitz im Bezirk Völkermarkt in Kärnten. Die dem Patrozinium Mariä Himmelfahrt unterstellte Pfarrkirche gehört zum Dekanat Eberndorf/Dobrla vas in der Diözese Gurk-Klagenfurt.  Die Kirche und der Friedhof mit einer in die Ummauerung integrierten Kapelle stehen unter Denkmalschutz ().

Geschichte
Die Kirche war zunächst Eigenkirche der Junecker, dann der Spanheimer und kam 1265 unter das Patronat des Stiftes Eberndorf. Als Pfarre wurde Globasnitz erstmals 1296 genannt.

Architektur
Die im Kern des Langhauses und des Turmes romanische Kirche wurde in der Zeit der Gotik verändert und 1946 um eineinhalb Joche nach Westen verlängert. Zweistufige Strebepfeiler stützen den um 1300 errichteten Chor. Der Turm an der Südseite des Schiffes besitzt im Glockengeschoss Biforienfenster und wird von einem Spitzgiebelhelm bekrönt. Westlich des Turmes ist eine gotische Kapelle angebaut, nördlich des Chores befindet sich ein Sakristeianbau mit einem barocken Oratorium im Obergeschoss.

Über den vier ursprünglichen Jochen des Langhauses erhebt sich ein spätgotisches Schlingrippengewölbe auf dem frühen 16. Jahrhundert über Wandvorlagen mit Halbsäulen. In dem neuen Westjoch ist eine Orgelempore eingebaut. In gotischen Südkapelle wurden in der Barockzeit die Gewölberippen abgeschlagen, die Wappenkonsolen blieben jedoch erhalten. Im einjochigen Chor hat sich das Kreuzrippengewölbe erhalten, während im Chorschluss die Gewölberippen entfernt und die Nonnenköpfe der Maßwerksfenster innen vermauert wurden.

Die aufgedeckten Wandmalereien im Chorschluss entstanden in zwei Etappen: Die ältere Schicht mit den Standfiguren der Apostel Paulus und Jakobus major stammen aus der ersten Hälfte des 14. Jahrhunderts, die jüngeren Darstellungen der Heiligen Ägidius und Florian sowie das Stifterwappen der Weispriacher malte 1467 Peter Seyter.

Einrichtung
Den barocken Hochaltar mit Opfergangsportalen schuf 1770/71 Johann Georg Mersy. Die Mittelnische birgt eine Marienstatue mit Kind. Über den Opfergangsportalen stehen die Statuen der Apostelfürsten Petrus und Paulus. Den Aufsatz bildet eine plastische Darstellung der Heilig-Geist-Taube sowie die Figur Gottvaters umgeben von Putti.

Die beiden Seitenaltäre entstanden 1770. Auf den Altarblättern ist links die heilige Katharina und rechts die heilige Margareta dargestellt. Der um 1760 entstandene Rokokoaltar in der südlichen Kapelle trägt die Skulptur der heiligen Barbara, flankiert von den Heiligen Apollonia und Lucia. Das Weihwasserbecken vor der Südkapelle wurde aus einem römerzeitlichen Grabmal geschaffen.

Zur weiteren Ausstattung der Kirche zählen die Statuen des heiligen Johann Nepomuk und eines Schmerzensmannes sowie ein spätgotischer Taufstein mit neuerem Aufsatz.

Die Orgel ist aus 1996.

Karner

Der Karner nördlich der Kirche ist ein spätromanischer Rundbau mit einem Holztürmchen über dem Kegeldach und einer hufeisenförmiger Apsis. Die an der Außenseite eingemauerte Medaillonstele der Peccia Ingenua mit Portraitbüste und Grabinschrift stammt von der Wende vom ersten zum zweiten nachchristlichen Jahrhundert. Die Wandmalerei mit den vier Lanzenträgern aus dem 16. Jahrhundert dürften Teil einer Kreuzigungsszene gewesen sein. Ein spitzbogiges Portal führt in den kreuzrippengewölbten Innenraum, der mit frühbarocken Ranken, den figürlichen Darstellungen der Erzengel Michael und Gabriel, einen Gnadenstuhl sowie einer Kreuzigung mit Stiftern bemalt ist.

Lichtsäule
Die Lichtsäule aus dem frühen 16. Jahrhundert besteht aus einem Tabernakel auf einem achteckigen Pfeiler mit dem Wappen der Weispriacher.

Literatur
 Globasnitz/Globasnica, Pfarrkirche Mariae Himmelfahrt, Karner, Lichtsäule, Pfarrhof. In: Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs. Dehio Kärnten 2001. S. 197–198.
 Wilhelm Deuer: Jauntaler Kulturwanderungen – Ein kunstgeschichtlicher Begleiter durch den Bezirk Völkermarkt. Verlag Johannes Heyn, Klagenfurt 2001, ISBN 3-85366-977-8, S. 70 f.

Weblinks

Pfarrkirche
Pfarrkirche in der Diözese Gurk
Mariä-Himmelfahrt-Kirche
Globasnitz
Romanische Kirche
Bauwerk der Romanik in Kärnten
Gotische Kirche
Gotisches Bauwerk in Kärnten
Baudenkmal (Kärnten)
Kirchengebäude in Europa

Pfarrkirche Globasnitz


Republika Hrvatska i Država Kuvajt održavaju diplomatske odnose od 8. listopada 1994. Sjedište veleposlanstva je u Kuwaitu.

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Veleposlanstvo Republike Hrvatske u Državi Kuvajt osnovano je odlukom predsjednice Republike od 10. travnja 2015.

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මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් පවර්පොයින්ට්(Microsoft PowerPoint) යනු ඉදිරිපත් කිරීමේ වැඩසටහනකි,  රොබට් ගැස්කින්ස් සහ ඩෙනිස් ඔස්ටින්  විසින් ෆොරෝට් ඉන්කෝපරේෂන් නම් මෘදුකාංග සමාගමක නිර්මාණය කරන ලදී .  එය 1987 අප්‍රියෙල් 20 වන දින නිකුත් කරන ලදී,  මුලින් මැකින්ටොෂ් පරිගණක සඳහා පමණි.  මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් සමාගම පවර්පොයින්ට් ඩොලර් 14 කට ලබා ගත්තේය. මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් පවර්පොයින්ට් යනු මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් සමාගම විසින් පවත්වාගෙන යනු ලබන බොහෝ වැඩසටහන් වලින් එකක් වන අතර එහි වෙළඳ ලකුණ වන තැඹිලි සහ ලාංඡනයේ පී හඳුනාගත හැකිය. සරල ඉදිරිපත් කිරීම්වල සිට සංකීර්ණ බහුමාධ්‍ය ඉදිරිපත් කිරීම් දක්වා තොරතුරු ප්‍රදර්ශනය කිරීමට එය පරිශීලකයින්ට බොහෝ ක්‍රම ඉදිරිපත් කරයි.

මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් වින්ඩෝස් සඳහා අනුවාදයක් හඳුන්වාදීමට පෙර පවර්පොයින්ට් හි වෙළඳපල කොටස මුලදී ඉතා කුඩා වූ නමුත් වින්ඩෝස් සහ ඔෆිස් හි වර්ධනයත් සමඟ වේගයෙන් වර්ධනය විය.  (pp402–404) 1990 දශකයේ අග භාගයේ සිට, පවර්පොයින්ට් හි ලොව පුරා ඉදිරිපත් කිරීමේ මෘදුකාංගයේ වෙළඳපල කොටස සියයට 95 ක් ලෙස ගණන් බලා ඇත.

පවර්පොයින්ට් මුලින් නිර්මාණය කර ඇත්තේ ව්‍යාපාරික සංවිධාන තුළ කණ්ඩායම් ඉදිරිපත් කිරීම් සඳහා දෘශ්‍ය ලබා දීම සඳහා වන අතර එය ව්‍යාපාරයේ සහ ඉන් ඔබ්බෙහි වෙනත් බොහෝ සන්නිවේදන අවස්ථාවන්හි ඉතා පුළුල් ලෙස භාවිතා කර ඇත.
පළමු පවර්පොයින්ට් අනුවාදය (මැකින්ටොෂ් 1987) පොදු විනිවිදභාවය නිපදවීමට භාවිතා කරන ලදී,  දෙවැන්න (මැකින්ටොෂ් 1988, වින්ඩෝස් 1990) වර්ණ 35 මි.මී.  තෙවන අනුවාදය (වින්ඩෝස් සහ මැකින්ටොෂ් 1992) ඩිජිටල් ප්‍රක්ෂේපක සඳහා අතථ්‍ය විනිවිදක දර්ශන වල වීඩියෝ ප්‍රතිදානය හඳුන්වා දුන් අතර එය කාලයත් සමඟ භෞතික විනිවිදභාවය සහ විනිවිදක සම්පූර්ණයෙන්ම ප්‍රතිස්ථාපනය කරයි.  එතැන් සිට ප්‍රධාන සංස්කරණ දුසිමක් අතිරේක විශේෂාංග සහ මෙහෙයුම් ක්‍රම  කර ඇති අතර ඇපල් මැකින්ටොෂ් සහ මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් වින්ඩෝස් වලින් ඔබ්බට පවර්පොයින්ට් ලබා ගත හැකි අතර iOS, ඇන්ඩ්‍රොයිඩ් සහ වෙබ් ප්‍රවේශය සඳහා අනුවාදයන් එක් කරයි.

සංස්කෘතික බලපෑම

පවර්පොයින්ට්, අනෙකුත් බොහෝ පුද්ගලික පරිගණක යෙදුම් වලට වඩා, සමාජය පුරා වෙනසක් ඇති කරන ප්‍රබල බලවේගයක් ලෙස අත්දැක ඇත. 2016 දී විශ්ලේෂකයෙකු සාරාංශගත කළේ: "සැබෑ අභිරහස නම් ... 'ලෝකයේ සෑම ආයතනයක්ම පාහේ සෑම කෙනෙකුටම පාහේ සන්නිවේදනය කිරීමට පවර්පොයින්ට් භාවිතා කරන්නේ කෙසේද?' . ඇත්ත ප්‍රශ්නය එයයි. පවර්පොයින්ට් සෑම තැනකම සිටින්නේ කෙසේද? "

වැඩිදුර කීයවීම

 Also available at:

 Also available at:   (Feb 2015).

බාහිර සබැඳි

මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් ඔෆිස්
මයික්‍රෝසොෆ්ට්
පරිගණක මෘදුකාංග
තොරතුරු තාක්ෂණය

මයික්‍රොසොෆ්ට් පවර්පොයින්ට්


Squirrel Hill is a residential neighborhood in the East End of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States. The city officially divides it into two neighborhoods, Squirrel Hill North and Squirrel Hill South, but it is almost universally treated as a single neighborhood.

Geography
Squirrel Hill is located at  and has two ZIP codes: 15217 and 15232.

Surrounding neighborhoods
Squirrel Hill North has five borders with the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Shadyside to the north, Point Breeze to the east, Squirrel Hill South to the south, Central Oakland to the southwest and North Oakland to the west.

Squirrel Hill South has nine land borders with the Pittsburgh neighborhoods of Squirrel Hill North to the north and northwest, Point Breeze to the northeast, Regent Square to the east, Swisshelm Park to the southeast, Glen Hazel and Hazelwood to the south-southwest, Greenfield to the southwest, and South Oakland and Central Oakland to the west.  Across the Monongahela River to the south-southeast, Squirrel Hill South runs adjacent to  Homestead.

Demographics
As of the 2010 Census, Squirrel Hill North has a population of 11,363, having grown 9% since 2000. Squirrel Hill North's population is 75% White, 17% Asian, 4% Hispanic, and 3% Black. Of the 3,892 housing units in Squirrel Hill North, 93% are occupied.

Squirrel Hill South has a population of 15,110, up 4% since 2000, of whom 82% are White, 11% are Asian, 3% are Hispanic, and 3% are Black. There are 7,514 housing units which have a 95% occupancy rate.

In 2010, about 40% of Squirrel Hill's residents were Jewish. According to a 2002 study by the United Jewish Federation, 33% of the Jewish population of Greater Pittsburgh lives in Squirrel Hill, and another 14% lives in the surrounding neighborhoods. The report states that: "The stability of Squirrel Hill, a geographic hub of the Jewish community located within the city limits, is unique in North America."

Asian/Chinese community
Per the October 17, 2019 issue of Pittsburgh Magazine, the area is also becoming Pittsburgh's new Chinatown with an influx of mainland Chinese students from Carnegie Mellon University.  The area celebrates Chinese New Year annually with a parade.  The area as of 2017 was about 17% Asian.

History

Origins
The name "Squirrel Hill" may have been given to the area by the Native Americans who lived in its vicinity. The neighborhood most likely was named for the abundance of black squirrels.

The growth and development of Squirrel Hill was initially focused on the riverfront along the Monongahela River. The first recorded house was built in 1760 by a soldier at nearby Fort Pitt, Colonel James Burd, at a place called Summerset on the Monongahela River. Squirrel Hill's next house was built by Ambrose Newton some time in the 1760s. This house is still standing and is located in what is now Schenley Park along Overlook Drive (near the ice skating rink). Its first "business district" was the intersection of Brown's Hill Road and Beechwood Boulevard.

In 1778, John Turner built his estate of Federal Hill nearby (along what is now Beechwood Boulevard). He later established the Turner cemetery in 1838 inside his estate, which he donated to the local community when he died in 1840. This cemetery holds the remains of many of the original settlers of Squirrel Hill. The Mary S. Brown Memorial Methodist church was also built on adjoining lands donated by Turner. This church was rebuilt several times, but the current building, which dates from 1908, is the oldest standing church in Squirrel Hill.

The third house in Squirrel Hill, Neill Log House, was built by Robert Neill around 1765, also in what is now Schenley Park. This house still exists and is occasionally open to the public. The Neills owned  of land in the northern section of Schenley Park. In 1795, the Neills moved from this house to a location in what is now Market Square in downtown Pittsburgh. After they died, the house was handed down to two different people before it was sold to General James O'Hara. O'Hara's granddaughter, Mary Schenley, gave the property to the city of Pittsburgh in 1889. For a time, the house was rented out by the city to vacationers, but by 1969, the house was in such poor condition that it was dismantled and rebuilt by the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation. It still exists and is open for tours during the Vintage Grand Prix in July.

Around 1820, William "Killymoon" Stewart built one of the first tavern/inns in the area. His tavern, located near the intersection of Beechwood and Brown's Hill Road, survived for over 100 years. Slowly, Squirrel Hill became a prosperous and affluent suburb.

Around 1840, the Murdoch family started a farm and nursery business in the part of Squirrel Hill North which is known today as Murdoch Farms. Today, this quiet area contains many upscale homes.

By the 1860s, the area along Fifth Avenue near Woodland Road had several mansions, including Willow Cottage. The cottage was built by the industrialist and civic leader Thomas M. Howe, a bank president and member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1851 to 1855. Though neglected for many years and almost torn down, Willow Cottage has recently undergone a $2.2 million restoration and renovation into a Chatham University gatehouse and guesthouse.

Civil War
On December 24, 1860, protests broke out in the streets of Squirrel Hill after news arrived that the U.S. Secretary of War, John B. Floyd had ordered 124 cannons to be shipped from Allegheny Arsenal to two forts under construction in Louisiana and Texas. The inhabitants of Pittsburgh predicted that these weapons would be used against them if the South seceded, and this did indeed happen at Fort Sumter.

Incorporation into Pittsburgh
Prior to 1868, the Squirrel Hill area was part of Peebles Township. This changed in 1868, when the area was annexed to the city of Pittsburgh.

Following the Civil War, several of Pittsburgh's richest families built multiple houses in the Woodland Road area between Fifth and Wilkins Avenues. In 1869, a women's college, the predecessor to Chatham University, was established nearby. Today, Chatham University owns several of these large houses.

In 1869, the clubhouse of the Pittsburgh Golf Club was built at the new Schenley Park Golf Course (The present building by Alden and Harlow was constructed in 1900.) In 1876, the Homewood Cemetery was established on  of land in Squirrel Hill.

Over the course of the 19th century, the focus of Squirrel Hill shifted from its riverfront at the Monongahela River to the area closest to Oakland and Shadyside. Ebdy's orchard was located near Shady Avenue and Murdoch's farm, known for its flowers, fruit trees, and vegetable trees was located on the hill above Oakland. By the late 1800s, the building of trolley lines caused a migration of wealthy executives outwards toward country estates and workers inward toward trolley lines. Farms were sold, and divided for new housing developments.

The growth of Squirrel Hill accelerated when an electric trolley was installed in 1893. The trolley line ran via Forbes Avenue and Murray Avenue, terminating in Homestead. The trolley line facilitated the building of hundreds of houses for the middle management of local factories, especially on Shady and Denniston Avenues near Aylesboro. Despite its trolley line, Murray Avenue remained a dirt road until 1920. Murray Avenue carried three Pittsburgh Railways trolley lines (#69 Squirrel Hill, #60 East Liberty-Homestead and #68 Homestead-Duquesne-Kennywood-McKeesport) until 1958 when the trolleys were replaced by buses. Bus routes 61A, 61B, 61C, 61D, 64, 67, and 69 pass through the area today.

Squirrel Hill grew even more with the opening of the Boulevard of the Allies in 1927, providing a direct link to downtown Pittsburgh. By the 1930s, most of the available land in Squirrel Hill had been filled.

In 1953, the Parkway and Squirrel Hill Tunnel were opened. They gave the area easier and quicker access from surrounding neighborhoods.

Cultural life
Squirrel Hill's business area along Forbes and Murray avenues is referred to as "upstreet" (a contraction of "up the street") by locals. In addition to the many retail businesses in the neighborhood, there are a number of longtime, non-profit organizations, including a branch of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, the Jewish Community Center of Greater Pittsburgh, the Jewish Family & Children's Service of Pittsburgh, the Children's Institute of Pittsburgh, and the Squirrel Hill Urban Coalition. Many annual events are hosted in Squirrel Hill by various community organizations.

Parks

Squirrel Hill contains several nature-related points of interest. They include the Chatham University Arboretum, originally belonging to Andrew Mellon; Schenley Park; and Frick Park.

In 1889, Schenley Park was established on land donated from Mary Schenley, whose grandfather had been the owner of considerable amounts of land in the area. The original size of the park was , though it eventually expanded to  over the years.

When Henry Clay Frick died in 1919, he bequeathed  of undeveloped land to the City of Pittsburgh for use as a public park. He provided a $2 million trust fund to assist with the maintenance of the park. Frick Park on the eastern border of the Squirrel Hill neighborhood opened in 1927. Between 1919 and 1942, money from the trust fund was used to enlarge the park, increasing its size to almost . In February 2004, Frick Park grew with the addition of the Nine Mile Run stream restoration area which flows to the Monongahela River. The United States Army Corps of Engineers managed the restoration funded with $5 million in federal money and $2.7 million raised by the city. The restoration was completed in 2006.

Jewish community

The origins of Squirrel Hill's Jewish community dates from the 1920s when Eastern European Jews began to move to the neighborhood in large numbers from Oakland and the Hill District.  Many of them took up residence in rows of brick houses on the cross streets of Murray Avenue south of Forbes, such as Darlington Road, Bartlett Street, and Beacon Street.  The neighborhood became the center of Jewish culture in the city, with kosher butcher shops, delicatessens, Jewish restaurants, bookstores, and designer boutiques. Several hundred Russian Jewish immigrants moved to the neighborhood in the 1990s.

A 2017 study of the Greater Pittsburgh Jewish community, conducted by researchers at Brandeis University and commissioned by the local Jewish Federation, found that 26% of Pittsburgh-area Jews live in Squirrel Hill, 20% live in the South Hills, 9% live in the North Hills, 31% live in other areas of Pittsburgh, and 14% live in other areas of the region. Although Squirrel Hill remains the traditional center of Jewish life in the region, the study found a shift to more suburban areas. The study also found an increase in the population of Jews who identify as Orthodox or secular, and a decrease in the number of Jews who identify as  Conservative and Reform denominations. This feature of Squirrel Hill and surrounding Jewish communities, sustained locations of Jewish life across time and denominations, makes the area unusual compared to Jewish life in other cities. Elsewhere, Jews tended to migrate in waves to suburban areas during the twentieth century, and more geographic separation exists between denominations compared to Pittsburgh.

All of Squirrel Hill, as well as much of the neighboring neighborhoods of Greenfield and Regent Square, is within an eruv, a symbolic enclosure that allows Orthodox Jews to push or carry items on Shabbat (the Jewish sabbath, in which no work is traditionally done). The irregular boundaries of the eruv are such that, as one writer noted, "an Orthodox Jew could carry something within the eruvs boundaries all the way from the north end of the Hot Metal Bridge to the intersection of Wilkins and South Dallas in Point Breeze."

Squirrel Hill contains three Jewish day schools: two are affiliated with the Chabad and Modern Orthodox movements, respectively, while Community Day School is a co-ed, independent Jewish day school in the neighborhood that attracts families across the wide spectrum of Jewish belief and practice.

Antisemitic attacks

On April 17, 1986, Neal Rosenblum, a 24-year-old rabbinical student visiting from Toronto, was shot and killed near his in-laws' house in Squirrel Hill. A suspect, 45-year-old Steven M. Tielsch, was arrested in 2000 after bragging to a fellow prison inmate that he had killed a Jew. Tielsch's first three trials ended in a deadlocked jury; he was convicted of third-degree murder in a fourth trial in 2002. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania upheld the decision in 2007.

On October 27, 2018, Robert Bowers entered the Tree of Life – Or L'Simcha synagogue during Shabbat morning services and opened fire, killing 11 people and injuring six, including four police officers.

Education

Public schools
The Free Public School Act of 1834 ordered school districts not only to establish free schools but also to establish them in townships outside city limits. This affected Squirrel Hill, since it was part of Peebles Township at the time.

John Turner, who never learned to read or write but became a wealthy landowner, left land and money to the community to build a school when he died in 1844 at the age of 83. It was called Squirrel Hill School and was located on Bigelow Street at Hazelwood Avenue in the Greenfield neighborhood. Its successor closed in 1915 and was replaced by Roosevelt School, named for then-president Theodore Roosevelt. It closed in 1957. It was replaced by John Minadeo Elementary School, named for a ninth-grade school crossing guard who gave his life to save a group of young students in the path of a runaway car near Gladstone School.

After Peebles Township was annexed by Pittsburgh in 1868, Squirrel Hill became the Colfax School District, named for Schuyler Colfax, who was Vice President of the United States under President Ulysses S. Grant. The district had five numbered schools. Colfax No. 1 was located at Phillips Avenue and Beechwood Boulevard. Today, it is Pittsburgh Colfax K-8. Colfax No. 2 was on Beechwood Boulevard near the intersection of Saline Street and Hazelwood Avenue near Browns Hill Road. It closed in 1907 but was reopened in 1916 as the Roosevelt School Annex when Roosevelt became overcrowded. The annex closed in 1939. Colfax No. 3, on Forward Avenue, became Forward Avenue School and was named after Walter Forward, who was appointed U.S. Secretary of the Treasury by President John Tyler. The school was torn down in 1923, but its retaining wall still exists under the Parkway East bridge over Saline Street. Colfax No. 4, at Whipple and Commercial streets, became Swisshelm School and was named for Jane Swisshelm, a writer and abolitionist. Colfax No. 5, at Solway and Wightman streets, became Wightman School and was named for Thomas Wightman, owner of the Thomas Wightman Glass Company. Wightman operated as a school from 1897 to 1980 and since then has been used as a community center building and the home of Carriage House Children's Center. The building underwent extensive restoration and remodeling to make it one of only two older buildings in Western Pennsylvania to have LEED Gold certification.

Two other public elementary schools existed in Squirrel Hill. Brown School was built near the Monongahela River in 1888 on land donated by the Brown family. It closed in 1932. H.B. Davis School, named for a principal of the Frick Training School for Teachers, was located on Phillips Avenue. It opened in 1931 and closed in 1980.

Squirrel Hill's Taylor Allderdice High School opened in 1927. It was named for the president of the National Tube Company, who was also a member of the Pittsburgh Public Schools Board of Education, which was created in 1911 and given jurisdiction over all the public schools in the city, including those in Squirrel Hill.

Private schools
Some private schools located in Squirrel Hill are St. Edmund's Academy, a private nonsectarian (formerly Episcopal) elementary school; Community Day School, a co-ed, independent Jewish day school for students ages 3 to grade 8; Hillel Academy of Pittsburgh; and Yeshiva Schools of Pittsburgh. The Day School at the Children's Institute of Pittsburgh serves children with a wide range of special needs.

Higher education
Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and Chatham University are located in Squirrel Hill, although many of CMU's buildings are in Oakland. CMU borders Pittsburgh's Oakland neighborhood, while Chatham borders Shadyside.

Local government
The neighborhood is represented on Pittsburgh City Council by Corey O'Connor (District 5, Squirrel Hill South) and Erika Strassburger (District 8, Squirrel Hill North).

Notable people
Marty Allen – stand-up comedian and actor
Mel Bochner (born 1940) – artist
Janice Burgess – former Nickelodeon executive and creator of The Backyardigans
Richard Caliguiri – former mayor of Pittsburgh
Willa Cather – author
Murray Chass – sports journalist, member of baseball Hall of Fame
Danny Chew – former professional road racing and ultramarathon cyclist
Myron Cope – sports journalist, radio personality, and sportscaster
Iris Rainer Dart – author and playwright
Jerry Fielding – composer
Bob Filner (born 1942) – politician, congressman and San Diego mayor
Howard Fineman – journalist
Bernard Fisher – physician, scientist, and pioneer in the biology and treatment of breast cancer
Rich Fitzgerald – politician
Gary Graff – music journalist and author
Joseph Koerner – art historian and filmmaker
Maxine Lapiduss – television producer, television writer, and comedian
Sally Lapiduss – television producer and writer
Steve Lieber – comic book illustrator
Kathleen Marshall – choreographer, director, and creative consultant
Rob Marshall – theater director, film director, and choreographer
Sophie Masloff – former mayor of Pittsburgh
Lucian Wintrich – artist, writer, media personality, and former White House Correspondent for The Gateway Pundit
Mac Miller – rapper and record producer
David Scott Milton – author, playwright, screenwriter and actor
 Bob O'Connor – former mayor of Pittsburgh
Fred Rogers – host, Mister Rogers' Neighborhood
Robert Schmertz – artist
Herbert A. Simon – political scientist, economist, sociologist, psychologist, and professor
Mike Tomlin – Pittsburgh Steelers head coach
Bari Weiss (born 1984) – former New York Times opinion section staff editor
Evan Wolfson – attorney and gay rights advocate

See also
 List of Pittsburgh neighborhoods
 History of Pittsburgh
 Jewish history in Pittsburgh
 Squirrel Hill, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – a smaller neighborhood with the same name
 Squirrel Hill Tunnel – carries Interstate 376 under the neighborhood
 Summerset at Frick Park
 S.W Randall Toyes & Gifts

Notes and references

Further reading

History of the JCC Pittsburgh
The Corner Where You Are: A Sesquicentennial History of Sixth Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh by David W. Miller

External links

City of Pittsburgh's Squirrel Hill page
Interactive Pittsburgh neighborhoods map
Visitor's guide to Squirrel Hill
Historic Pittsburgh map collections
1872 – Atlas of the Cities of Pittsburgh, Allegheny and Adjoining Boroughs: Plate 12
1872 – Atlas of the Cities of Pittsburgh, Allegheny, and the Adjoining Boroughs: Plate 10
1876 – Atlas of the Cities of Pittsburgh, Allegheny, and the Adjoining Boroughs: Plate 76
1904 – Volume 1 – East End of Pittsburgh (South): Wards 13, 14, 22, and 23
1923 – Volume 2 – East End (South): Wards 7 and 14–15
1939 – Volume 2 – East End (South): Wards 7, 14 and 15

Neighborhoods in Pittsburgh
Academic enclaves
Economy of Pittsburgh
Jewish communities in the United States
Jews and Judaism in Pittsburgh
Russian-Jewish culture in the United States

Squirrel Hill


Claude Jade (; 8 Ekim 1948 - 1 Aralık 2006), Fransız oyuncu.

Yaşamı
Claude Jade oynadığı, adlı filmle tanındı: François Truffaut'nun Antoine Doinel filmlerinden Çalınmış Buseler (Baisers volés, 1968), Aile Yuvası (Domicile conjugal, 1970) ve Kaçan Aşk (L'amour en fuite, 1979)de oynamıştır.

1960'lı yıllarda tiyatroda oynarken Truffaut'nun dikkatini çeken Jade, yönetmenin 1968 yılındaki 'Çalınan Öpücükler (Çalınmış Buseler)' filminde başrol oynadı ve büyük bir şöhrete erişti. Truffaut'yla yaşadığı aşkı da dillere destan olan oyuncu yönetmenin 'Domicile Conjugal', 'L'Amour En Fuite' filmlerinde de oynadı. Alfred Hitchcock'un 'Topaz' filminde de rol alan oyuncu birçok Fransız yönetmenle çalışmış ayrıca televizyon yapımlarında da boy göstermişti.

Fransız sinemasındaki en iyi bilinen rolleri, My Amcam Benjamin 'deki Jacques Brel'in yol arkadaşı rolündeki Manette, Çayırdaki Gemideki Eléonore ve Kötü zevk 'daki Julie'dir.

Claude Jade ayrıca Amerikan, Japon, İtalyan, Belçika, Alman ve iki Sovyet filminde (Teheran 43,
Lenin Paris'te) rol aldı.

Ayrıca birçok televizyon filminde ve dizide rol aldı. Mistik macera dizisi Otuz mezarlı ada  ' deki cesur maceracı Véronique rolüyle çok popülerdi.

Claude Jade ayrıca çok fazla tiyatro yaptı. Son büyük tiyatro rolü Célimène'deki "Célimène ve kardinal" 'dı (2006).

1998'de Claude Jade, Legion of Honor Şövalyesi ilan edildi. 2000 yılında film dünyasındaki trend belirleyici rolüyle West Palm Beach'te "Yeni Dalga" ödülü  aldı. 2004 yılında otobiyografisi "Baisers envolés" yayınlandı.

2000 yılında West Palm Beach Festivali'nden "Yeni Dalga" ödülü aldı. 1 Aralık 2006'da 58 yaşında öldü.

Filmografi
1968:  Çalınan Buseler (Baisers volés)
1969:  Topaz (1969)
1969:  Le témoin
1969:  Mon oncle Benjamin
1970:  Domicile conjugal
1971:  Le bateau sur l'herbe
1971:  Sheherazade
1972:  Les feux de la chandeleur
1973:  Home Sweet Home
1973:  Prêtres interdits
1974:  Le malin plaisir
1975:  Trop c'est trop
1975:  Le choix
1976:  Kita no misaki
1976:  Le collectionneur de cerveaux
1977:  Una spirale di nebbia
1977:  Fou comme François
1978:  Le Pion
1979:  L'amour en fuite
1979:  L'île aux trente cercueils
1980:  La grotte aux loups
1980:  Teheran 43
1981:  Lenin Paris'te
1981:  Le bahut va craquer
1982:  Rendezvous in Paris
1982:  L'honneur d'un capitaine
1982:  Lise et Laura
1984:  Une petite fille dans les tournesols
1987:  L'homme qui n'était pas là
1990:  Le bonheur des autres
1992:  Tableau d'honneur
1994:  Bonsoir
1998:  Le Radeau de la Méduse
1998-2000: Cap des pins(Televizyon dizileri)
2004:  À San Rémo

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

1948 doğumlular
Dijon doğumlular
2006 yılında ölenler
Paris'te ölenler
20. yüzyılda Fransız kadın oyuncular
21. yüzyılda Fransız kadın oyuncular
Fransız kadın dizi oyuncuları
Fransız kadın sinema oyuncuları
Fransız kadın tiyatro oyuncuları
Légion d'honneur şövalyeleri
Fransa'da kanserden ölenler
Père Lachaise Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler

Claude Jade


يحيى بن خلدون هو أبو زكريا يحيى بن محمَّد بن خلدون أخو أبي زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمَّد ابن خلدون صاحبِ كتاب العبر وديوان المبتدأ والخبر، كان يحيى بن خلدون من أفاضل العلماء وأعيان الأدباء الشعراء ورئيس الكتبة والإنشاء بتلمسان، ألَّف «بغية الرواد في ذكر الملوك من بني عبد الواد»، وكانت له مكانة هامة لدى البلاط الزياني توفي سنة 788هجري مقتولا بسبب الفتنة بين الأميرين الزيانيين ابني أبي حمو الأمير أبي زيان حاكم وهران والأمير أبي تشفين، الذي كان هو الآخر يتطلع لحكم هذه المدينة، غير أن أبا حمو كان يماطل أبا تشفين، فظن أبو تشفين أن هذه المماطلة سببها يحيى بن خلدون، فدبّر له مكيدة وأوعز إلى يوسف بن يخلف صاحب الشرطة الزيانية، فتربص به هذا الأخير وقتله عندما خرج من قصر الأمير أبي حمو في ليلة من ليالي رمضان

نسبه
يحي بن محمد بن محمد بن محمد بن الحسن بن محمد بن جابر بن محمد بن إبراهيم بن عبد الرحمن بن خلدون المكنى بأبي زكريا. أصل هذا البيت من إشبيلية انتقل عند الجلاء و غلب ملك الجلالقة ابن أدفونش عيها إلى تونس في أواسط المائة السابعة, و نسبه في حضرموت إلى وائل بن حجر.

حياته

 يحيى ابن خلدون  من مواليد 1332 بتونس ، وتوفي في 1379 تلمسان  هو مؤرخ. وهو شقيق المؤرخ الشهير ابن خلدون.

عاش في عهد حكم بني عبد الواد في تلمسان وملكها أبو حمو موسى الثاني ،
في 1379 ، في ليلة من ليالي رمضان ، اغتيل على يد ابن أبو حمو موسى الثاني أبو تاشفين غيرة منه لأنه كان للموقف الذي عقد يحيى المؤرخ الرسمي للحكم بني عبد الواد

أعماله
إن أهم عمل كبير له هو كتاب بغية الرواد في أخبار بني عبد الواد وأيام أبي حمو الشامخة الأطواد. يصف الأحداث المتعلقة سلالة بني عبد الواد ما بين 1236 و1374.

المراجع

أشخاص أرخوا للجزائر
أشخاص قتلوا في الجزائر
مواليد 1332
مواليد في مدينة تونس
مؤرخو الأندلس
مؤرخون عرب
وفيات 1379
وفيات في تلمسان

يحيى بن خلدون


Wayne State University Press (sau WSU  Press) este o editură universitară care este deținută și administrată de Wayne State University. Ea publică atât sub propriul nume, cât și sub mărcile Painted Turtle și Great Lakes Books Series.

Editura este axată în principal pe editarea de lucrări științifice de referință în domeniul studiilor africane, literaturii pentru copii, folclorului și basmelor, studiilor media, de film și televiziune, studiilor iudaice, studiilor de interes regional și patologiei vorbirii și limbajului. Wayne State University Press publică, de asemenea, unsprezece jurnale academice, inclusiv Marvels & Tales, și mai multe publicații comerciale, printre care Yamasaki in Detroit: A Search for Serenity redactată de John Gallagher și Detroit Symphony Orchestra: Grace, Grit, and Glory, redactată de către Laurie Lanzen Harris și Paul Ganson, precum și Made in Michigan Writers Series.

Redacția WSU Press se află în clădirea Leonard N. Simons proiectată de celebrul arhitect Albert Kahn și este situată în campusul principal al Wayne State University din centrul orașului Detroit; un bloc la sud de Warren Avenue și două blocuri la sud de Institutul de Artă din Detroit și de Biblioteca Publică din Detroit.

Un consiliu redacțional aprobă titlurile ce urmează a fi publicate de Wayne State University Press. Consiliul analizează propunerile și manuscrisele prezentate departamentului de achiziții al WSU Press. Editura are, de asemenea, un grup de strângere de fonduri, Board of Visitors, dedicat strângerii de fonduri pentru a sprijini publicarea unor titluri specifice.

Oficial, WSU Press este o unitate auxiliară a universității și primește o subvenție anuală care acoperă parțial costurile funcționării ei. În cea mai mare parte, WSU Press se bazează pe veniturile generate din vânzarea publicațiilor editate de ea pentru a-și acoperi cheltuielile de exploatare.

Wayne State University Press a fost înființată în 1941, când profesorii Wayne University s-au oferit voluntar să înființeze o entitate editorială pentru a "asista Universitatea în încurajarea și diseminarea învățământului academic". Un profesor de limba engleză a condus ani de zile editura, cunoscută pe atunci sub numele de Wayne University Press, ca un proiect secundar. Abia în 1954 WSU Press s-a transformat într-o editură de sine stătătoare destinată să aibă un rol în publicarea la nivel național și internațional de cărți și jurnale academice și comerciale.

Note

Legături externe
 Wayne State University Press

Wayne State University
Edituri universitare din Statele Unite ale Americii

Wayne State University Press


Kári Leivsson (født Petersen, 22. august 1950 i Tórshavn), kendt som Kári P, er en færøsk psykolog, digter og sanger. Han er uddannet psykolog fra Københavns Universitet. Han startede uddannelsen i 1971 og afsluttede den i 1995. Han arbejdede som psykolog i Arendal og Oslo i Norge 1995–99. Han flyttede tilbage til Tórshavn sommeren 1999, hvor han har arbejdet ved Sernámsdepilin og Landssjúkrahúsið og siden 2006 i privat praksis, Sálarfrøðistovan, som psykolog.

Leivsson udgav to EP'er i starten af 1970'erne sammen med Per Debess, de kaldte sig Debess & Petersen. Flere af sangene, som de to udgav, er blevet en del af den færøske sangskat og synges ofte til fællessang til fester, ved Ólavsøka mm. Nogle år senere har han i eget navn udgivet musikalbumene Vælferðarvísur (1979) og Hinumegin Ringvegin (1991). Begge består af hans egne digte i sangform, og han blev tildelt M.A. Jacobsens Heiðursløn for skønlitteratur for Hinumegin Ringvegin i 1995. Ligesom han fik Mentanarvirðisløn Landsins i 2010. Afdøde Per Debess søn, Uni Debess og Per Debess bror, Edvard Nyholm Debess, har sammen med andre spillet sangene fra Debess og Petersen EP'erne ved en Debess og Petersen aften i Reinsaríið i Tórshavn i 2015.

Leivsson skiftede navn til et patronymikon fra familienavnet Petersen i voksen alder, men har beholdt Kári P som kunstnernavn.

Diskografi

Album
 1978 - Vælferðarvísur. Indeholder bl.a. Kalli Katt, Súrligar nætur í Keypmannahavn
 1991 - Hinumegin Ringvegin. Indeholder bl.a. Villar Víddir

Med Debess & Petersen
Debess & Petersen bestod af Per Debess og Kári Petersen (nu Kári Leivsson).
1971 - Debess & Petersen, EP, fire sange: Heit var náttin, Bláa húsið, Situr tú seggur og Tit sum í fjøru fóru
1973 - Mitt í eini meining, EP, fire sange: Laila, Gullkálvavalsurin, Rædda Maria og Mitt í eini meining

Priser
 1995 - Mentanarvirðisløn M. A. Jacobsens
 2010 - Mentanarvirðisløn Landsins

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger
 Kári Leivsson  hos Rithøvundafelag Føroya

Psykologer fra Færøerne
Digtere fra Færøerne
Sangere fra Færøerne
Personer fra Thorshavn

Kári Leivsson


5206 Kodomonomori este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
5206 Kodomonomori este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Gekko de Yoshiaki Ōshima. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,61 ua, o excentricitate de 0,10 și o înclinație de 13,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 5001-6000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1988
Centura de asteroizi

5206 Kodomonomori


كفر شيما إحدى قرى لبنان، تتبع قضاء بعبدا أحد أقضية محافظة جبل لبنان. تبعد كفر شيما 12 كم (7.4568 ميل) عن بيروت عاصمة لبنان. وترتفع 110 م (360.91 قدم - 120.296 يارد) عن سطح البحر وتمتد على مساحة 283 هكتاراً (2.83 كم²- 1.09238 مي²). القرية جبلية ويفصلها عن شاطئ البحر أقل من 1 كم.

التسمية
كفر شيما باللغة السريانية تعني «قرية الفضة»، وشيما باللغة اليونانية تعني «ربة الحكمة»، وفي بعض الروايات الشعبية هو ملك عظيم كفر، فسميت كفر شيما نسبةً له.

الموقع والخصائص لبلدة كفرشيما
على مسافة عشر كيلومترات جنوب بيروت، تحتل بلدة كفر شيما سفح جبل متجهة نحو الغرب، يتراوح ارتفاعها عن سطح البحر بين ساحل و150 متراً، يحدها حدت بيروت شمالاً، والشويفات غرباً، ووادي شحرور شرقاً، وبسابا جنوباً. ويتكون في واد «واقعة عندها من مياه الأمطار نهر الغدير الذي يجري في صحراء الشويفات الشهيرة بزيتونها، ويصب في البحر جنوبي تلك الصحراء» وهو نهر «لا يجري فيه إلا شتاءً». تقسم كفر شيما مثلها مثل سائر القرى والبلدات إلى أحياء وحارات منها:

 حارة الدير
 حارة العين
 حارة الفرن
 حي المحطة
 حي مار مطانيوس
 حي المطبعة
 حي رويس الحمام
 حي رويس العدس
 حي البالوع
 حارة المجادين

بيوت كفر شيما، منها القديم ومنها المتوسط ومنها الحديث، ولا يزال قرميد أوائل القرن الماضي لابساً سطوح عدد كبير من هذه المنازل، مما يجعل البلدة محافظة على مظهر القرية اللبنانية الشهيرة. وبقرب تلك البيوت الحاملة التراث العريق، تشرئب الأبنية الحديثة المتعددة الطبقات، فتكاد تطغي بضخامتها على ذلك الجمال الساكن الآتي من الماضي، ولسان حالها ينبئ عن قريب زوال كل قديم في البلدة. يثبت صحة هذا التقدير، منظر أنقاد البيوت القديمة، التي تخفي تحت أتربتها قصص هجرة، ونزوح، ومجاعة، وأوبئة.

كفر شيما القديمة، أصبحت محور البلدة الحالية، التي امتد عمرانها صعودا ونزولاً وجنوباً وشمالاً. في المحور، البيوت متقاربة إلى متلاصقة أحيانا، تفصل بينها أزقة ضيقة وكثيرة التعاريج، أما أجنحة البلدة الحديثة، فرحبة الشوارع/ ومتباعدة التخوم، تفصل بينها جنينات تنمو فيها الأزهار والأشجار والخضار. ويحيط بالجناح الجديد من جهتي الجنوب والشمال، مصانع حديثة متعددة وضخمة، مما يفيد عن أن مشروع (ايكوشار) قد اعتبر كفرشيما منطقة صناعية.

زراعتها تسير نحو الاندثار، أهمها الزيتون، يليها الحمضيات، وهنالك بعض الأشجار المثمرة من لوز وخوخ وغير ذلك بالإضافة إلى بعض الخضار الساحلية. كما تكسو أراضيها البعلية أحراج من الأشجار البرية، أرضها خصبة التربة، أكثر مياهها مستخرجة من الآبار الارتوازية. ينابيعها الجوفية شحيحة، أهمها نبع يعرف بنبع كفرشيما، تشح مياهه صيفاً إلى حوالي 40 متراً. وقد استعاضت البلدة منذ زمن بعيد عن شح مياهها بجر مياه نبع يتفجر في وادي الدلاب المتاخمة لها، القرية التي أصبحت اليوم ملحقة بقرية بسابا.

موقع البلدة مكشوف الجوانب، إذ يتبين الناظر منه قسماً من سلسلة قرى عاليه، التي تبدو معلقة بالجبال المشرفة على كفرشيما من الشرق.

من كتاب – ظلال ايل، أدون وعشتار – تاريخ حضارة وتراث وآثار – الجزء الثالث – ص 306

تاريخ كفر شيما
وجدت في منطقة الرويس من كفرشيما آثار قديمة، كالنواويس الحجرية، والخزف، والحجارة الضخمة، وغير ذلك. وهذا يتلائم مع اسمها الأثري، المفيد عن أن القرية عريقة في القدم. كفرشيما: عرفها المؤرخون قديماً ب «قرية الفضة» وأعادوا «اسمها إلى السريانية» وقد وافق على هذا الاستنتاج مؤرخون معاصرون (لبنان في التاريخ – د. فيليب حتى). غير أن علماء اللغات السامية، كان لهم رأي مختلف حول معنى اسمها: لا خلاف على أن الجزء الأول من الاسم «كفر» يعني القرية، - أما «شيما»، فمعناه اسم، أي مشهور ومعروف، وقد يكون «شيما» أسم «صنم» أو «إله فينيقي قديم». في الآرامية – سيما – معناها الكنز المخبوء إلا أنهم يرجحون «أن يكون الاسم اسم إله أو صنم» كما أننا نميل إلى اعتناق هذا الرأي، كون معابد الفينيقيين كانت على التلال القريبة من الشاطئ، وهذه المواصفات تنطبق على منطقة الرويس من كفرشيما حيث وجدت الآثار القديمة.

من كتاب – ظلال ايل، أدون وعشتار – تاريخ حضارة وتراث وآثار – الجزء الثالث – ص 307

النمو العمراني
أما النمو العمراني، فكان ثورياً إلى حد ما، فمع الازدحام السكاني الكثيف الذي رأته العاصمة في السنوات الأخيرة، كانت الضواحي تستقبل الزخم العمراني، حتى وصلت شراذمه إلى كفرشيما، فطلع فيها البناء عالياً، واعدت البيوت الحديثة للشتاء. وكانت طريق رحبة قد فتحتها على طريق صيدا القديمة في حوالي 1945.
غير أن أكبر مجال نام خاضته البلدة في السنين الأخيرة، كان مجال الصناعة. فيما أن صنفها مشروع ايكوشار منطقة صناعية، حتى بدأ تأسيس المعامل فيها بكثرة متزايدة.

فبين عام 1960 واليوم، تأسست مصانع: لصناعة البورسلين، (الأدوات الصحية)، ولمعامل البرادات، ولصناعة البلستيك المسلح وللبلاط ولنشر الرخام بالإضافة إلى معامل لخيوط النيلون، والصباغ، وللكرتون وللمواد الغذائية كما كان قد تأسس فيها معمل لصناعة الكوتشوك في العام 1943. وتأسست عدة معامل لصناعة الطوب، ولصناعة المفروشات.

من هذه المعامل شركة الصناعات الخزفية اللبنانية، التي أخذت على عاتقها إحياء صناعة المواد الخزفية التي اشتهر بها لبنان من القديم، فقد قامت هذه الشركة باكتشاف التربة اللبنانية الصالحة لهذه الصناعة، ومن ثم تعاقدت مع خبراء أجانب قاموا بالتوصيات اللازمة لتجهيز مصنعها بالآلات والأفران لصنع البلاط. وبعد أن حققت نجاحا في هذا المجال، باشرت في إنشاء مصنع للأدوات الصحية، وتعاقدت من أجل ذلك مع مجموعة شركات ألمانية عالمية للإشراف على الإنتاج.

كفرشيما اليوم
سكانها حوالي 8000 نسمة مسجلة و 25000 نسمة مقيمة. اليد العاملة تشكل الثقل من دخل أبنائها، وتلي الزراعة، والإسكان، والوظيفة، والحرفة. الثقافة جد ممتازة .

السكان
يبلغ عدد السكّان المسجّلين في كفر شيما 7,346 نسمة. في الانتخابات الأخيرة عام 2004، كان في كفر شيما 6,922 منتخب مسجل ومنهم 4,143 منتخب فعليّ. يوجد في البلدة مجلس بلدي ينتخب أعضاؤه من قبل أهل القرية. مدخلها الرئيس يمر عبر شارع الشاعر أديب الفتى الذي ينتهي عند مفترق للطرق يؤدي أحدها إلى مبنى بلدية كفرشيما الذي يعود إلى العام 1928.

شوارعها
في كفرشيما ثلاثة شوارع أهمها شارع أديب الفتى وهو المدخل الرئيسي للبلدة. وشارع فيليمون وهبي مدخل رئيسي آخر للبلدة. والشراع القديم الذي يسمى شارع كفرشيما القديم وهو مدخلها الرئيسي القديم. ولكفرشيما مدخلين فرعيين آخرين مدخل امتداده بطشيه بعبدا، ويمر عبر معمل الليسيكو ومعمل كسرجيان اللذان هما من أهم المعامل في كفرشيما بالإضافة إلى معمل الغندور والمرج على سبيل المثال لا الحصر، وأما المدخل الفرعي الآخر فامتداده بسابا وبليبل وبدادون وعين عنوب وحومال ويمر عبر طريق بسابا الرئيسية

من كتاب – ظلال ايل، أدون وعشتار – تاريخ حضارة وتراث وآثار – الجزء الثالث – ص 325

مشاهيرها
 أسعد داغر
 ملحم بركات
 عصام رجي
 إلياس فرحات
 منير عبد النور
 فيلمون وهبي
 ماجدة الرومي
 شبلي شميل
 ناصيف اليازجي  وابنته وردة اليازجية.
 سليم تقلا
 ماري سليمان
 إدوار حنين

وصلات خارجية
 بلدية كفر شيما
 مجلس الإنماء والاعمار 10 / 12 / 2002

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في قضاء بعبدا
أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
بيروت الكبرى
تجمعات الروم الملكيين في لبنان
تجمعات مارونية في لبنان
قرى لبنان

كفر شيما


Serie A er den øverst rangerede ishockeyliga i Italien. Ligaen er etableret i 1925. Administrativt er den underlagt Federazione Italiana Sport del Ghiaccio (FISG). I sæsonen 2015/16 er der otte klubber i Serie A. I den næstøverste liga i Italien Serie B er der 16 klubber. De fleste klubber har hjemsted i Norditalien.

2015/16

Klubber

Ishockeyligaer
Sport i Italien

Serie A (ishockey)


Lawrence E. "Larry" Stager (January 5, 1943 – December 29, 2017) was an American archaeologist and academic, specialising in Syro-Palestinian archaeology and Biblical archaeology. He was the Dorot Professor of the Archaeology of Israel in the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University and was Director of the Harvard Semitic Museum. Beginning in 1985 he oversaw the excavations of the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, the Philistine port city.

Education
Stager was a first-generation college student from Kenton, Ohio, about fifty miles northwest of Columbus, Ohio. He was recruited by the Harvard Club of Dayton, Ohio to attend Harvard University, where he graduated a BA magna cum laude in 1965. Stager then received both his MA and PhD from Harvard, where he worked largely under the supervision of Frank Moore Cross and G. Ernest Wright, both students of William F. Albright. The title of his thesis was Ancient Agriculture in the Judaean Desert: A Case Study of the Buqê'ah Valley in the Iron Age.

Academic positions
After receiving his PhD, Stager was first employed by the University of Chicago, where he taught and researched for the next fourteen years as a member of the Oriental Institute, first as an instructor (1973-4), then as an assistant (1974-6), associate (1976–1985), and finally full professor (1985-6).

In 1986, Stager returned to Harvard, where he became the inaugural holder of an endowed chair, the Dorot Professorship of the Archaeology of Israel. Stager taught courses in Syro-Palestinian archaeology and Hebrew Bible and was an active professional member of the American Schools of Oriental Research (ASOR).

In 2009, a Festschrift for Stager was published under the title Exploring the Longue Durée: Essays in Honor of Lawrence E. Stager (Ed. J. David Schloen; Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns).

Archaeological work
Stager's most important archaeological work was conducted through the Leon Levy Expedition to Ascalon, of which he became the director in 1985. This expedition is one of the largest and lengthiest projects in Israel. The results of the dig have been published in the Harvard Semitic Museum and Eisenbrauns' Ashkelon, a series of ten volumes, the third of which was published in 2011.

Prior to his monumental undertakings at Ashkelon, Stager worked on digs at Carthage, Idalion, Gezer, and Tell el-Hesi.

Stager generally adhered to the traditional scholarly dating of the "United Monarchy" of King David and Solomon.

References

External links
"Brief Bio of Professor Stager", Harvard University, September 3, 2014, retrieved July 14, 2015.

1943 births
2017 deaths
20th-century American archaeologists
21st-century American archaeologists
Harvard University faculty
University of Chicago faculty
Harvard University alumni
People from Hardin County, Ohio
Ascalon
Gezer

Lawrence Stager


Rupert Hollaus (4 septembre 1931 - 11 septembre 1954) était un coureur de moto sur route du Grand Prix d'Autriche qui a concouru pour l' équipe de course d'usine NSU. Il est le seul Autrichien à remporter un championnat du monde de course sur route et le premier coureur à le faire à titre posthume.

Rupert Hollaus a subi un sort similaire à celui de Jochen Rindt 16 ans plus tard . En tant que champion du monde déjà établi dans la catégorie 125 cm3, il a eu un accident mortel alors qu'il s'entraînait pour le Grand Prix des Nations à Monza, en Italie.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Rupert Hollaus


Laura García Broto est une cinéaste et auteure née le  à Barcelone. Elle a été formée à l'. Elle est cofondatrice de la société de production Epyc Films, où elle se consacre à l'écriture de scénario, à la réalisation et la production cinématographique. Elle habite en Suisse.

Son premier documentaire, Justo,  a été sélectionné au Festival Prix Farel. Comme auteure, elle a publié 3 romans sous le nom Laura G. Broto : Con Tren al Fondo (2012), Cabeza de Mujer (2015) et Amigos Invisibles (2016).

Filmographie

Réalisatrice
 Justo (court métrage documentaire), 2018
 Écorchées FIV (moyen métrage documentaire)

Scénariste
 Black Turban (long métrage fiction)
 Sion (long métrage fiction)
 Ne dis pas (long métrage fiction)
 Roger Rey (long métrage documentaire)
 Gilbert et Max (long métrage documentaire)
 Noces maliennes (moyen métrage documentaire)
 Justo (court métrage documentaire)

Prix et bourses de scénario
 2020 Bourse de recherche du Canton du Valais
 2019 Bourse SSA pour l'Écriture
 2019 Bourse audio-visuelle de l'État du Valais
 2017 Sélection MEET YOUR MATCH (Los Angeles)
 2021 Sélection PLUME & PELLICULE
 2017 Sélection PLUME & PELLICULE
 2016 Sélection PLUME & PELLICULE
 2015 Prix SSA – SUISSIMAGE

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en novembre 1979
Naissance à Barcelone
Réalisatrice catalane
Scénariste espagnole de cinéma
Femme de lettres espagnole

Laura Garcia Broto


آريس مدينة تقع في قلب منطقة الأوراس، هي مهد ثورة التحرير الجزائرية، مدينة عريقة في التاريخ، اسمها يعني بالأمازيغية -الأسد والحصان (آر=الأسد-ايس=الحصان). وهناك معنى آخر هو التراب الأبيض (هريسث)المعروف في آريس المتواجد بكثرة في واد عريق يعبر على آريس اسمه الواد الأبيض (إغزر أملال)الذي ينبع من قمة شليا (شليث) المرتفعة التي علوها 2330م. كما تعدّ أقدم بلدية في الجزائر.

موقعها
دائرة أريس تتوسط: وادي الطاقة من الشمال، إشمول من الشرق، تيغانيمين من الجنوب، ثنية العابد من الغرب.

سكانها

سكانها من الأمازيغ (الشاوية) والسكان الأصليون هم عرش آيداوذ (آيت داود) أو التوابة وهو من أكبر أعراش الشاوية، كما توافدت إليها أعراش كثيرة من المناطق المجاورة منهم أولاد بوسليمان اغوسار أولاد عبدي وتواجد اعراش أخرى بنسب ضئيلة وهم يشكلون مدينة اريس حاليا التي كانت إقليم واسع النطاق (آريس القديمة) والذي يضم العديد من الدوائر والبلديات منها مشونش وجمورة غربا حتى بو حمامة وشليا ويابوس شرقا ومن تمقاد شمالا حتى جبال احمر خدوا بمزيرعة بالضبط اكباش جنوبا، ويتصف سكانها بالتواضع وتسود علاقاتهم المحبة والاحترام المتبادل لانها طباع الأمازيغ مسالمون متحابون ويتصفون بالجود والكرم وحسن الضيافة وتقديم أشهر الماكولات الأمازيغية البربرية الضاربة في القدم المحافظين على أصولهم وتعدّ اريس الأكثر محافظة في الجزائر على تراثها الأمازيغي الشاوي في كل دوائرها وبلدياتها وعاداتها وتقاليدها ودينهم الإسلامي وتاريخهم وهي ليست بقرية أو منطقة جبلية كما يظن البعض وقد اقتحمت لقب انظف واحسن بلديات في الجزائر

آريس الثورة

اختار بن بولعيد جبال آريس الشامخة لعقد لقائه الحاسم مع 300 مجاهد أيام 29 و30 و31 أكتوبر 1954 لإعطاء إشارة انطلاق أولى رصاصات الثورة بمنطقة الأوراس، ليلة الفاتح نوفمبر، الذي صادف عيد القديسين، الذي يحتفل به الفرنسيون ضمن الأعياد المسيحية، لكن الوصول إلى تلك النقطة المفصلية مر بمراحل طويلة من العمل السري والتوعوي وجمع الأسلحة، شهدتها المنطقة على مدار سبع سنوات كاملة انتهت بحصاد ثوري لتحرير الجزائر برمتها.
 أول شهيد سجلته الثورة كان ابن آريس «مزوجي عمر»، المعروف باسم «عمر أوقرور» والذي سقط في معركة بسريانة يوم 3 نوفمبر.
 أول رصاصة كانت رصاصة «مباركية بلقاسم» بفم ثاغيث بلدية تيغانيمين - دائرة آريس.

آريس القديمة
قبل كل التقسيمات التي حدثت مؤخرا على بلديات ودوائر الوطن كافة، وبالعودة إلى الامتداد الفعلي لحدود دائرة آريس أو مايسمى سابقا بمنطقة «آريس القديمة» التي كانت تضم كل من (إشمول/فم الطوب /إينوغيسن/تكوت/غسيرة/كيمل/ثنية العابد/وادي الطاقة/شير/بوزينة/لارباع/منعة/تيغرغار/مشونش/جمورة/بوحمامة/شليا/يابوس/تمقاد/لمزيرعة/إلى غاية جبال احمر خدو)

النشاط الصناعي
تحتوي على العديد من ورشات النجارة والحدادة ونجارة الألمنيوم...
 الصناعات التقليدية (زرابي، حلي، أواني فخارية).
 الذهب والفضة ومختلف المجوهرات.
 صناعة الأسلحة المرخصة والبارود.
 المصنع العسكري للأسلحة والعتاد العسكري الخفيف والألبسة العسكرية.

النشاط الفلاحي
 أكبر البلديات المنتجة للتفاح بكل أنواعه وأحجامه والفضل يعود إلى المناخ الأوراسي البارد جدا وخاصة في آريس.
 آريس معروفة بإنتاج المشمش بكميات كبيرة.
 زراعة معيشية تقليدية واغلب سكانها يمتلكون بساتين.
 تعدّ النواحي الزراعية ل مدينة آريس مصدرا للترويح عن النفس والابتعاد من ضجيج المدينة إلى احضان الطبيعة الخلابة.
 إضافة إلى زراعة غالبية أنواع الفواكه من بينها التفاح بكل أنواعه والمشمش والخوخ والتين والزيتون والعنب والتين الشوكي والبطيخ والشمام والرمان والإجاص.
 والخضر من مختلف الأنواع مثل البطاطاوالطماطم والسلطة والفلفل الحار والحلو واللفت والجزر واليقطين والبصل والثوم...الخ

النشاط الرياضي

 رياضيا فإن آريس يمثلها في كرة القدم نادي «الترجي الرياضي لبلدية آريس» المعروف ب TRBA والذي تخرج منه لاعبين في البطولة الوطنية الأولى على غرار «أمين بوخلوف» الذي أوصل نادي «شباب باتنة» إلى نهائي كأس الجمهورية بفضل رأسيته على حارس مولودية الجزائر «محمد الأمين زماموش» في النصف النهائي.
 كما يمثل آريس أفواج رياضة الكونغفو المتفوقة وطنيا وأيضا كرة الطائرة ورياضة العدو الريفي.

منشآت مدينة آريس
 ملعب ذو عشب اصطناعي يتسع لـ 5400 مقعد – المنطقة الصناعية الدشرة الحمراء –
 المركز الطبي البيداغوجي للأمومة والطفولة – حي ذراع الزيتون –
 المسبح الجواري – حي أول نوفمبر –
 المجلس القضائي لدائرة آريس
 المستشفى الكبير والقطب الاستعجالي لآريس
 المركز النفسي البيداغوجي للأطفال المعاقين ذهنيا.
 المركب الرياضي الجواري الأول - حي المعلمين -
 المركب الرياضي الجواري الثاني - حي أول نوفمبر -
 متحف المجاهد - دشرة أولاد موسى -

احتفاليات مدينة آريس

 نصف الماراطون الدولي للشهيد مصطفى بن بولعيد.
 العيد الوطني للتفاح.
 رأس السنة الأمازيغية.

المؤسسات التربوية والتعليمية في آريس

تحتوي آريس على العديد من المؤسسات تربوية من بينها:
 متقن محمد لمير صالحي
 ثانوية محمد يكن الغسيري
 إكمالية الشهيد محمد بن بولعيد
 إكمالية الشهيد محمود بن عكشة
 إكمالية الشهيد محمد البشير الإبراهيمي
 إكمالية المنطقة السكنية الجديدة
 اكمالية الشهيد بن عافية بلقاسم
 مدرسة الشهيد نوري يوسف
 مدرسة مصطفى رحايلي
 مدرسة الحي الجديد
 مدرسة المجمع المدرسي
 مدرسة بن ضيف الله
 مدرسة الشهيد بلدي محمد
 مدرسة الشهيد بليلي عمر
 مدرسة الشهيد زغيشي عمار
 مدرسة عثماني عثمان
 مدرسة الشهيد بن ترسية مسعود

شخصيات بارزة من آريس

كانت ولا تزال آريس تزخر بشخصيات علمية وثورية وسياسية وعسكرية ورياضية كبيرة كبر وعراقة هذه المدينة على رأسهم:
 الشهيد مصطفى بن بولعيد أب الثورة الجزائرية وأسد الأوراس.
 الشهيد (محمود بن عكشة) كان كاتبًا لمصطفى بن بولعيد حيث استشهد معه في نارة بلدية منعه.
 الكاتبة فضيلة الفاروق وهي الآن تقطن بـ بيروت.
 الشيخ محمد يكن الغسيري.
 الوزير عبد الوهاب نوري.
 الجنرال عبد المجيد عثماني والجنرال طورش والعديد من قيادات الجيش الوطني الشعبي.
 إسماعيل نوري رحمه الله.
 لاعب المنتخب الوطني السابق بوربو.
 فارس الأغنية الشاوية الأصيلة - أمناي -
 الكاتب والمؤرخ عثماني مسعود.

أحياء مدينة آريس

 تضم دائرة آريس الكثير من الأحياء نذكر منها على سبيل الذكر لا الحصر:
 حي أول نوفمبر 1954 المعروف باسم «الصوندا» يعدّ أكبر حي في دائرة آريس
 حي دشرة آريس
 حي لاكوط
 حي ذراع الزيتون
 حي الحجاج
 حي سانف
 حي الدشرة الحمراء
 حي بوصالح
 حي آفرا
 حي تزوكت
 حي تيبحيرين
والكثير من الأحياء العريقة

مأكولات مدينة آريس «الطبخ الشاوي»
 مافاس (المحشي)
 آرخساس (المطلوع الرقيق)
 هيحبرورشين (العيش)
 أبربوش - سلخليع- (الكسكس)
 بولفاف (كبدا مقلية ومحشية تطهى في عيد الأضحى المبارك)
 هيعصبانين (العصبان المحشي)
 ايوزان (المرمز)
 بوعدان (من أشهى أكلات عيد الأضحى الأصيلة في مدينة آريس)
 ايرشمن (الشرشم أو أكلة رأس السنة الأمازيغية)
 زيراوي (أشهر أطباق الأعراس الشاوية وخاصة في آريس)
هذاإضافة إلى الأكلات المعروفة في كامل التراب الوطني كالمحاجب والشخشوخة والبراج والحلويات التقليدية.

معرض الصور

وصلات خارجية
 بلديـة آريس فـي الموقـع الرسمـي لولايـة بـاتنة
 صفحة حول بلدية آريس في موقع فيتامين د.ز

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة في ولاية باتنة
أريس

آريس


Yonkaira Paola Peña Isabel  (Santo Domingo, 10 de maio de 1993)é uma voleibolista indoor dominicana, que atua na posição de ponteira.

Carreira

Iniciou a carreira no Mirador Deporte y Casal , permaneceu de 2010 a 2012, transferindo-se para o clube peruano do Universidad de San Martín de Porres, sendo na vice-campeão nacional na edição da Liga Nacional Superior  de Voleibol Feminino (LNSVF) de 2011-12., e o clube desistiu de participar da edição do Campeonato Sul-Americano de Clubes de 2012. e novamente foi vice-campeão da LNSVF  na temporada 2012-13.

Em 2012, conquistou o título da Copa Pan-Americana Sub-23 em Callao e foi eleita melhor jogadora da competição.No período de 2013-14 atuou no voleibol japonês pelo Toray Arrows.

Conquistou na jornada 2014-15 pelo Bursa BBSK o título da Challenge Cup, já pelo time do Chemik Police sagrou-se campeã da Supercopa Polonesa, da Copa da Polônia e da da Liga A Polonesa.Pelo time brasileiro Rexona-Sesc foi vice-campeã do Sul-Americano de Clubes de 2018, campeonato carioca de 2018 e vice-campeã da Superliga Brasileira A, permanecendo até 2020.

Em 2018 e foi contratada pelo Guerreras  e contribuiu para a conquista do título da Liga A Dominicana de 2018..

Em 2020-21 atuou pelo Jakarta Pertamina Fastron e retornou ao Sesc RJ/Flamengo e foi premiada como a melhor ponteira da Superliga Brasileira A e alcançou pelo Gerdau Minas na temporada 2022-23 o título da Copa Brasil de 2013, o vice-campeonato na Supercopa de 2022 e na Superliga Brasileira A 2022-23 e também no Sul-Americano  de Clubes de 2022

Títulos e resultados

 Supercopa Brasileira:2022
 Copa Brasil:2023
 Liga A Polonesa:2015-16
 Supercopa Polonesa:2015-16
 Copa da Polônia:2015-16
 Superliga Brasileira Aː2017-18 e 2022-23
 Liga A Japonesa:2013-14
 Liga A Dominicana:2018
 Liga A Peruana:2011-12 e 2012-13
 Campeonato Carioca:2018

Prêmios individuais

2a Melhor Ponteira dos Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2023
2a Melhor Ponteira do Campeonato Sul-Americano de Clubes Feminino de 2023
2a Melhor Ponteira da Superliga Brasileira A de 2022-23
1a Melhor Ponteira da Superliga Brasileira de 2021-22

Ligações externas

Voleibolistas da República Dominicana
Jogadores de voleibol de praia da República Dominicana
Opostos de voleibol
Pontas de voleibol
Voleibolistas do Rio de Janeiro Vôlei Clube
Voleibolistas do Minas Tênis Clube
Voleibolistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2020

Yonkaira Peña


La  est l'une des trois circonscriptions législatives que compte la préfecture de Kagawa au Japon. Cette circonscription comptait  électeurs en date du .

Description géographique

La première circonscription de la préfecture de Kagawa regroupe la majeure partie de la ville de Takamatsu et les districts de Shōzu et Kagawa.

Députés

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Chambre des représentants du Japon

Circonscription législative au Japon

Première circonscription de la préfecture de Kagawa


O Super United Sports, ou simplesmente Super United é um clube de futebol com sede em Malé, Maldivas. A equipe compete no Campeonato Maldivo de Futebol. A equipe é apelidada de suspatis, ou ainda pela abreviação da mesma SUS.

História
Fundado em 1995, o clube disputa atualmente a primeira divisão do Campeonato Maldivo de Futebol.

Elenco 2020

Ver também
 Campeonato Maldivo de Futebol
 Copa das Maldivas
 Copa dos Presidentes (Maldivas)
 Supercopa das Maldivas
 Liga dos Campeões da AFC
 Copa dos Presidentes da AFC
 Copa da SAFF

Clubes de futebol das Maldivas
Clubes Fundados em 1995

Super United Sports


Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 er en amerikansk sci-fi-/action-/eventyrfilm fra 2017, instrueret af James Gunn, med Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Bradley Cooper, Vin Diesel og Michael Rooker i hovedrollerne.

Medvirkende
Chris Pratt som Peter Quill / Star-Lord
Zoe Saldana som Gamora
Vin Diesel som Baby Groot (stemme)
Bradley Cooper som Rocket (stemme)
Dave Bautista som Drax the Destroyer
Michael Rooker som Yondu Udonta
Karen Gillan som Nebula
Kurt Russell som Ego
Sylvester Stallone som Stakar
Pom Klementieff som Mantis
Elizabeth Debicki som Ayesha
Chris Sullivan som Taserface
Glenn Close som Irani Rael

Eksterne henvisninger

Amerikanske film fra 2017
Marvel Cinematic Universe-film

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2


Ovid Densusianu  (* 29. Dezember 1873 in Făgăraș; † 8. Juni 1938 in Bukarest) war ein rumänischer Romanist, Rumänist, Volkskundler und Dichter.

Leben und Werk

Ovid Densusianu war der Sohn des Literarhistorikers Aron Densușianu (1837–1900). Die Grundschule besuchte er in Săcele, bis er 1881 mit der Familie nach Iași umzog. Dort studierte er bei Alexandru Philippide (1859–1933) und schloss 1892 ab. Als Gymnasiallehrer in Focșani weilte er zu einem Studienaufenthalt bei Adolf Tobler in Berlin, der ihn nach Paris empfahl. Von 1893 bis 1896 studierte er bei Gaston Paris an der École pratique des hautes études in Paris und schloss mit der Herausgabe  von La Prise de Cordres et de Sebille. Chanson de geste du 12e siècle (Paris 1896, in der Reihe: Société des anciens textes français; Nachdruck, New York 1965) ab.

1897 (offiziell 1901) übernahm Densusianu an der Universität Bukarest den Lehrstuhl für rumänische Sprache und Literatur und wurde 1918 aktives Mitglied der Rumänischen Akademie (korrespondierendes Mitglied seit 1901). Er war Gründer und Herausgeber der Zeitschriften Viața nouă (1905–1925) und Grai și suflet (1923–1938). Ovid Densusianu gilt als der Begründer der modernen rumänischen Romanistik.

Werke (Auswahl)

 Histoire de la langue roumaine. Les origines. Le 16e siècle, 2 Bde., Paris 1901-1938; hrsg. von Valeriu Rusu [1935-2008], Bukarest 1997 (rumänisch Bukarest 1961, siehe unten)
 Povestiri cin cronicari, Bukarest 1901
 (Hrsg. mit Ion Aurel Candrea und  Theodor Sperantia) Graiul nostru. Texte din părțile locuite de români,  2 Bde., Bukarest 1906-1907
 (mit Ion Aurel Candrea) Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române. Elementele latine (A - putea), Bukarest 1907-1914; hrsg. von Grigore Brâncuș, Pitești 2003
 Limanuri albe, Bukarest 1912
 Graiul din Țara Hațegului, Bukarest 1915
 (Hrsg.) Antologie dialectală, Bukarest 1915
 Literatura romînă modernă, 3 Bde., Bukarest 1920-1921-1933
 Flori alese din cîntecele poporului, Bukarest 1920 (französisch: Florilège des chants populaires roumains, Paris 1934)
 Sufletul latin s̡i literatura nouă, 2 Bde., Bukarest 1922
 Vieat̡a păstorească în poesia noastră populară, Bukarest 1922-1923
 Raze peste lespezi, Paris/Bukarest 1924 (Dichtung)
 Istoria limbii romîne. 1. Originile. 2. Secolul al XVI lea, hrsg. von Jacques Byck, 2 Bde., Bukarest 1961
 Flori alese din cîntecele poporului. Vieaţa păstorească în poezia noastră populară. Folclorul. Cum trebuie înţeles. Graiul don Ţara Haţegului, hrsg. von Marin Bucur, Bukarest 1966
 Opere, hrsg. von Boris Cazacu, Valeriu Rusu und Ioan Șerb, 6 Bde., Bukarest 1968-1985
 Ideal și îndemnuri [considerații teoretico-programatice privind specificul și destinul literaturii române în primul deceniu al secolului], hrsg. von Călin Manilici, Cluj-Napoca 1980
 Literatura română modernă, Bukarest 1985
 Teorie şi estetică literară. Pagini de jurnal, Bukarest 1998 (Scrieri literare 1),

Literatur

 Basil Munteanu, Un vizionar al latinităt̡ii, latinaitatea, Frant̡a s̡i sufletul autohton în concept̡ia lui Ovid Densusianu,  Bukarest 1945
 Marin Bucur, Ovid Densusianu, Bukarest 1967
 Marin Bucur, Corespondentă inedită Ovid Densusianu - Gaston Paris si Paul Meyer, in:  Revista de Istorie si Teorie literară 18, 1969, S. 257–265 und 677–686
 Scrisori către Ovid Densuşianu, hrsg. von Liviu Onu, 2 Bde., Bukarest 1979-1981
 Anca Calangiu/Mihai Vătan/Maria Negraru, Ovidiu Densuşianu (1873–1938). Biobibliografie, Bukarest 1991
 Gheorghe Firczak, In memoriam, Ovid Densușianu 1873-1938, Deva 1994
 Marin Buga, Ovid Densusianu, folclorist, Bukarest 2003
 Ovid Densusianu în amintirea şi conştiinţa critică românească, hrsg. von  Ion Diaconu und Ioan Şerb, Bukarest 2005
 Marta Andronache, Autour de la Romania. Un demi-siècle de philologie roumaine dans le contexte européen (1872-1935), Thèse de doctorat, Nancy 2006 (Gaston Paris und seine rumänischen Schüler)

Weblinks

 http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/52/22/17/PDF/Andronache_GParisOvDens_RRL2010.pdf

Romanist
Hochschullehrer (Universität Bukarest)
Mitglied der Rumänischen Akademie
Rumäne
Geboren 1873
Gestorben 1938
Mann

Ovid Densusianu