In numerical analysis, the quasi-Monte Carlo method is a method for numerical integration and solving some other problems using low-discrepancy sequences (also called quasi-random sequences or sub-random sequences) to achieve variance reduction. This is in contrast to the regular Monte Carlo method or Monte Carlo integration, which are based on sequences of pseudorandom numbers.

Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods are stated in a similar way.
The problem is to approximate the integral of a function f as the average of the function evaluated at a set of points x1, ..., xN:

Since we are integrating over the s-dimensional unit cube, each xi is a vector of s elements. The difference between quasi-Monte Carlo and Monte Carlo is the way the xi are chosen. Quasi-Monte Carlo uses a low-discrepancy sequence such as the Halton sequence, the Sobol sequence, or the Faure sequence, whereas Monte Carlo uses a pseudorandom sequence. The advantage of using low-discrepancy sequences is a faster rate of convergence. Quasi-Monte Carlo has a rate of convergence close to O(1/N), whereas the rate for the Monte Carlo method is O(N−0.5).

The Quasi-Monte Carlo method recently became popular in the area of mathematical finance or computational finance. In these areas, high-dimensional numerical integrals, where the integral should be evaluated within a threshold ε, occur frequently. Hence, the Monte Carlo method and the quasi-Monte Carlo method are beneficial in these situations.

Approximation error bounds of quasi-Monte Carlo
The approximation error of the quasi-Monte Carlo method is bounded by a term proportional to the discrepancy of the set x1, ..., xN. Specifically, the Koksma–Hlawka inequality states that the error

is bounded by

where V(f) is the Hardy–Krause variation of the function f (see Morokoff and Caflisch (1995)  for the detailed definitions). DN is the so-called star discrepancy of the set (x1,...,xN) and is defined as

where Q is a rectangular solid in [0,1]s with sides parallel to the coordinate axes. The inequality  can be used to show that the error of the approximation by the quasi-Monte Carlo method is , whereas the Monte Carlo method has a probabilistic error of . Thus, for sufficiently large , quasi-Monte Carlo will always outperform random Monte Carlo. However,  grows exponentially quickly with the dimension, meaning a poorly-chosen sequence can be much worse than Monte Carlo in high dimensions. In practice, it is almost always possible to select an appropriate low-discrepancy sequence, or apply an appropriate transformation to the integrand, to ensure that quasi-Monte Carlo performs at least as well as Monte Carlo (and often much better).

Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo for multidimensional integrations

For one-dimensional integration, quadrature methods such as the trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rule, or Newton–Cotes formulas are known to be efficient if the function is smooth. These approaches can be also used for multidimensional integrations by repeating the one-dimensional integrals over multiple dimensions. However, the number of function evaluations grows exponentially as s, the number of dimensions, increases. Hence, a method that can overcome this curse of dimensionality should be used for multidimensional integrations. The standard Monte Carlo method is frequently used when the quadrature methods are difficult or expensive to implement. Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods are accurate and relatively fast when the dimension is high, up to 300 or higher.

Morokoff and Caflisch  studied the performance of Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods for integration. In the paper, Halton, Sobol, and Faure sequences for quasi-Monte Carlo are compared with the standard Monte Carlo method using pseudorandom sequences. They found that the Halton sequence performs best for dimensions up to around 6; the Sobol sequence performs best for higher dimensions; and the Faure sequence, while outperformed by the other two, still performs better than a pseudorandom sequence.

However, Morokoff and Caflisch  gave examples where the advantage of the quasi-Monte Carlo is less than expected theoretically. Still, in the examples studied by Morokoff and Caflisch, the quasi-Monte Carlo method did yield a more accurate result than the Monte Carlo method with the same number of points. Morokoff and Caflisch remark that the advantage of the quasi-Monte Carlo method is greater if the integrand is smooth, and the number of dimensions s of the integral is small.

Drawbacks of quasi-Monte Carlo
Lemieux mentioned the drawbacks of quasi-Monte Carlo:
 In order for  to be smaller than ,  needs to be small and  needs to be large (e.g. ). For large s, depending on the value of N, the discrepancy of a point set from a low-discrepancy generator might be not smaller than for a random set.
 For many functions arising in practice,  (e.g. if Gaussian variables are used).
 We only know an upper bound on the error (i.e., ε ≤ V(f) DN) and it is difficult to compute  and .
In order to overcome some of these difficulties, we can use a randomized quasi-Monte Carlo method.

Randomization of quasi-Monte Carlo
Since the low discrepancy sequence are not random, but deterministic, quasi-Monte Carlo method can be seen as a deterministic algorithm or derandomized algorithm. In this case, we only have the bound (e.g., ε ≤ V(f) DN) for error, and the error is hard to estimate. In order to recover our ability to analyze and estimate the variance, we can randomize the method (see randomization for the general idea). The resulting method is called the randomized quasi-Monte Carlo method and can be also viewed as a variance reduction technique for the standard Monte Carlo method.  Among several methods, the simplest transformation procedure is through random shifting. Let {x1,...,xN} be the point set from the low discrepancy sequence. We sample s-dimensional random vector U and mix it with {x1, ..., xN}. In detail, for each xj, create

and use the sequence  instead of . If we have R replications for Monte Carlo, sample s-dimensional random vector U for each replication. Randomization allows to give an estimate of the variance while still using quasi-random sequences. Compared to pure quasi Monte-Carlo, the number of samples of the quasi random sequence will be divided by R for an equivalent computational cost, which reduces the theoretical convergence rate. Compared to standard Monte-Carlo, the variance and the computation speed are slightly better from the experimental results in Tuffin (2008)

See also

 Monte Carlo method
 Monte Carlo methods in finance
 Quasi-Monte Carlo methods in finance
 Biology Monte Carlo method
 Computational physics
 Low-discrepancy sequences
 Discrepancy theory
 Markov chain Monte Carlo

References

 R. E. Caflisch, Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods, Acta Numerica vol. 7, Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 1–49.
 Josef Dick and Friedrich Pillichshammer, Digital Nets and Sequences. Discrepancy Theory and Quasi-Monte Carlo Integration, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2010,
 Gunther Leobacher and Friedrich Pillichshammer, Introduction to quasi-Monte Carlo Integration and Applications, Compact Textbooks in Mathematics, Birkhäuser, 2014,
 Michael Drmota and Robert F. Tichy, Sequences, discrepancies and applications, Lecture Notes in Math., 1651, Springer, Berlin, 1997,
 William J. Morokoff and Russel E. Caflisch, Quasi-random sequences and their discrepancies, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 15 (1994), no. 6, 1251–1279 (At CiteSeer:)
 Harald Niederreiter. Random Number Generation and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 1992.
 Harald G. Niederreiter, Quasi-Monte Carlo methods and pseudo-random numbers, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 84 (1978), no. 6, 957–1041
 Oto Strauch and Štefan Porubský, Distribution of Sequences: A Sampler, Peter Lang Publishing House, Frankfurt am Main 2005,

External links
 The MCQMC Wiki page contains a lot of free online material on Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods
 A very intuitive and comprehensive introduction to Quasi-Monte Carlo methods

Monte Carlo methods
Low-discrepancy sequences

Quasi-Monte Carlo method


Founded in 1875, the Buffalo Zoo, located at 300 Parkside Ave in Buffalo, New York, is the seventh oldest zoo in the United States. Each year, the Buffalo Zoo welcomes approximately 400,000 visitors and is the second largest tourist attraction in Western New York; second only to Niagara Falls. Located on  of Buffalo's Delaware Park, the zoo exhibits a diverse collection of wild and exotic animals, and more than 320 different species of plants. The zoo is open year-round.

History

The zoo traces its history to the mid-19th century when Jacob E. Bergtold, a Buffalo furrier, presented a pair of deer to the city of Buffalo. To provide the deer with room to graze, Elam R. Jewett, the publisher of the Buffalo Daily Journal, offered to house the deer on his estate.  Simultaneously, plans were being made for the municipal North Park (today's Delaware Park), and Mayor William F. Rogers hired landscape architect, Frederick Law Olmsted, to include a zoo as part of the park's design. Five years after, the deer were donated, more animals were added to the collection, and the first permanent building was erected in 1875, officially establishing the Buffalo Zoological Gardens.

The zoo underwent a large expansion during the Great Depression and became a major work site for the Works Progress Administration. Among the new structures was the Buffalo Zoo Entrance Court at Parkside Avenue and Amherst Street.  It was designed by African-American architect John Edmonston Brent (son of architect Calvin Brent) and built 1935–1938. The Buffalo Zoo Entrance Court was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.

Throughout the next several decades, more exhibits and facilities were added, including the Reptile House (1942), Children's Zoo (1965), Giraffe House and Veterinary Hospital (1967), and The Gorilla Habitat Building (1981). The zoo's mission also began to change during the 1980s and 1990s under the direction of Minot Ortolani, as it began reducing the numbers of animals in its collection to focus on the breeding of endangered species that might not otherwise have a chance at survival. In addition to its conservation efforts, the zoo also placed more of an emphasis on education to teach visitors about the animals and their natural habitats. From 2000 - 2017 the President/CEO of the zoo was Dr Donna M. Fernandes, with Norah B. Fletchall succeeding her in 2017.

In 2002, a 15-year master plan was unveiled to transform the zoo. New visitor amenities and naturalistic habitats were planned, including the Asian River and Highlands Zone, African Watering Hole, Arctic Edge, and the Wonders of Water Children's Zoo. Phase One of the Master Plan has resulted in the opening of the Vanishing Animals exhibit, EcoStation, Otter Creek, and Sea Lion Cove. The completion of Phase One was marked by the September 10, 2008, opening of the South American Rainforest, a four-season attraction that features a two-story waterfall, dozens of colorful birds, and a variety of other rainforest species. In the fall of 2015 the $14 million Arctic Edge opened to the public featuring Arctic wolves, lynxes and polar bears. In 2016 the Arctic wolves were replaced by Arctic foxes which fit the size of the exhibit better than the wolves. Arctic Edge is currently home to two polar bears Anana and Luna. Luna is the offspring of Anana and Nanuq, who now resides at the Columbus Zoo.

In March 2018, the zoo's Reptile House was closed for 14 months to undergo a $3.7 million remodel. It reopened on May 24, 2019 as the Donna M. Fernandes Amphibian and Reptile Center with a new roof, refreshed exhibits, interactive graphics and a conservation room.

In August 2018, the zoo announced it would be sending its two Asian elephants, Jothi and Surapa to the Audubon Zoo in New Orleans due to being unable to care for them anymore. They arrived at the Audubon Zoo later that year. As of 2022, the former elephant habitat is currently occupied by black rhinos.

In early June 2020, a red-footed tortoise was reportedly stolen from the zoo. There was an ongoing police search, but the tortoise, 'Red', was never found.

Animals

Mammals

Addax
African lion
American bison
American Milking Devon cow
Arctic fox
Axis deer
Babydoll Southdown sheep
Bennett's wallaby
Black howler monkey
Black-capped squirrel monkey
Brown capuchin
California sea lion
Capybara
Common squirrel monkey
Common vampire bat
Desert cottontail
Eastern black rhinoceros
Ferret

Gemsbok
Giant anteater
Golden lion tamarin
Indian rhinoceros
Japanese macaque
Lesser hedgehog tenrec
Linnaeus's two-toed sloth
Long-tailed chinchilla
Maned wolf
Meerkat
Mule
North American porcupine
North American river otter
Ocelot
Plains zebra
Polar bear
Reindeer

Red panda
Red-rumped agouti
Ring-tailed lemur
Roan antelope
Rock hyrax
Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep
Snow leopard
Southern three-banded armadillo
Spotted hyena
Siberian tiger
Tammar wallaby
Western lowland gorilla
White-faced saki

Birds

American kestrel
Bald eagle
Black vulture
Black-crowned night heron
Blue-crowned motmot
Boat-billed heron
Bourke's parrot
Call duck
Cinereous vulture
Cloncurry parrot

Dominique chicken.
Eastern rosella
Eastern screech owl
Great horned owl
Green-backed trogon
Green-winged macaw
Lady Ross' turaco
Laughing kookaburra
Mandarin duck
Narragansett turkey

Princess parrot
Roseate spoonbill
Turtle dove
Scarlet ibis
Scarlet macaw
Senegal parrot
Sun conure
Sunbittern
Trumpeter hornbill
Western cattle egret
Yellow-crowned night heron

Reptiles

Annam leaf turtle
Arrau turtle
Ball python
Black tree monitor
Brazilian rainbow boa
Carpet python
Chinese crocodile lizard
Chinese three-striped box turtle
Chuckwalla
Cuvier's dwarf caiman
Desert grassland whiptail lizard
Desert tortoise
Dumeril's monitor
Eastern box turtle
Eastern diamondback rattlesnake
Eastern indigo snake
Gila monster

Gopher tortoise
Green anaconda
Hermann's tortoise
Indochinese box turtle
Jamaican boa
King cobra
Komodo dragon
Leopard gecko
Mangrove snake
Massasauga
Mata mata
Mexican beaded lizard
Mexican lance-headed rattlesnake
Northern blue-tongued skink
Pancake tortoise
Prehensile-tailed skink
Pueblan milk snake

Red-footed tortoise
Reticulated python
Sheltopusik
Sidewinder
Spotted turtle
Tentacled snake
Virgin Islands boa
Yellow-spotted river turtle

Amphibians
Anderson's crocodile newt
Axolotl
Cane toad
Dyeing poison frog
Green and black poison dart frog
Hellbender
Mission golden-eyed tree frog
Panamanian golden frog
Puerto Rican crested toad
Solomon Islands leaf frog
Yellow-banded poison dart frog

Fish
Cichlids
Common pleco
Magdalena River stingray
Ocellate river stingray
Silver dollar fish
Spotted Rafael catfish

Invertebrates
Brazilian cockroach
Brazilian greysmoke spider
Chaco goldenknee tarantula
Chilean rose tarantula

Gallery

References

External links

 $400,000 Grant Boosts New Children's Zoo
 Renovations Secure Zoo's Accreditation
On the Hunt For 'Allegheny Alligators'
Changes at Zoo Make For Happier Animals and Happier People
Buffalo Zoo Welcomes A New Visitor: The Crane

Zoos in New York (state)
Culture of Buffalo, New York
Economy of Buffalo, New York
Tourist attractions in Buffalo, New York
Works Progress Administration in New York (state)
Buildings and structures in Buffalo, New York
Buildings and structures completed in 1938
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Zoos established in 1875
1875 establishments in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Buffalo, New York

Buffalo Zoo


Anthony Mawejje Jr. (født den 15. december 1986 i Masaka) er en ugandisk fodboldspiller som spiller på midtbanen for Tirana.

Statistik

Landsholdet

Internationale mål
Målskoring og resultater viser Ugandas mål først.

Hæder

Klub
Tirana
 Albaniens Supercup: (1) 2017

Kilder

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Uganda
Midtbanespillere (fodbold)
Fodboldspillere fra Íþróttabandalag Vestmannaeyja
Fodboldspillere fra FK Haugesund

Tony Mawejje


Chelsea Halfpenny Stell es una actriz inglesa, más conocida por interpretar a Amy Wyatt en la serie Emmerdale Farm.

Biografía
Es hija de Nicola Halfpenny, es sobrina de Paula Halfpenny-Dunn y la actriz Jill Halfpenny-Conway. Sus abuelos son Derek y Maureen Halfpenny y sus primos Craig Dunn, Jessica Dunn y Harvey-Reese Conway.

Carrera
En 2004 interpretó a Karine en un episodio de la serie Casualty. Ese mismo año se unió al elenco de la serie Byker Grove, donde interpretó a Lucy Summerbee hasta el final de la serie en 2006.

El 8 de octubre de 2010, se unió a la exitosa serie británica Emmerdale Farm, donde interpreta a Amy Wyatt hasta ahora. En octubre de 2013, se anunció que dejaría la serie en noviembre de 2013.

En 2015 se anunció que aparecería en la serie médica Casualty, donde dará vida a una doctora en entrenamiento de primer año. El 29 de julio de 2016, se anunció que regresaría a la serie y se uniría al elenco principal de la serie.

Filmografía

Series de televisión

Premios y nominaciones

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Digital Spy > Celebrity News > Chelsea Halfpenny
 Chelsea Halfpenny on TV.com

Actrices de televisión de Inglaterra
Nacidos en Gateshead

Chelsea Halfpenny


Crkva sv. Ane  je rimokatolička crkva u općini Desinić, zaštićeno kulturno dobro.

Opis dobra
Jednobrodna, pravilno orijentirana, neoromanička crkva sv. Ane podignuta je u 19. st. na mjestu starije iz 17. st., u naselju Desinić, neposredno uz glavnu cestu prema kojoj je okrenuta začeljem. Sjeverno od crkve je smještena zgrada stare škole, a južno stari župni dvor. Unutrašnjost crkve čine pravokutna lađa i svetište zaključeno stiješnjenom apsidom. Izvana je oblikovana historicističkom dekoracijom u stilu neoromanike, a posebnost joj daje zvonik na preslicu koji je na sjeveru rijetka pojava. Unutrašnjost crkve oslikana je zidnim slikama Otona Ivekovića iz 1923. g. Stara župna kurija iz 18. st. zanimljiv je primjer provincijalne barokne izgradnje.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-2081 zavedena je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravnog statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "sakralna graditeljska baština".

Izvori

Nepokretna pojedinačna kulturna dobra u Krapinsko-zagorskoj županiji
Katoličke crkve u Hrvatskoj

Crkva sv. Ane u Desiniću


Ayvalık, Adana ilinin Yumurtalık ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Adana iline 94 km, Yumurtalık ilçesine 13 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

Yumurtalık'ın mahalleleri

Ayvalık, Yumurtalık


Boraginoideae, potporodica biljaka, dio porodice boražinovki. Podijeljena je na dva tribusa. Najvažniji rod je borago ili oštrolist.

Tribusi

 Tribus Lithospermeae Dumort.
 Subtribus Cerinthinae
 Cerinthe L. (6 spp.)
 Huynhia Greuter (2 spp.)
 Subtribus neopisan?
 Moltkia Lehm. (6 spp.)
 Neatostema I. M. Johnst. (1 sp.)
 Mairetis I. M. Johnst. (1 sp.)
 Moltkiopsis I. M. Johnst. (1 sp.)
 Lithodora Griseb. (3 spp.)
 Halacsya Dörfl. (1 sp.)
 Paramoltkia Greuter (1 sp.)
 Subtribus Lithosperminae
 Aegonychon Gray (3 spp.)
 Buglossoides Moench (6 spp.)
 Glandora D. C. Thomas, Weigend & Hilger (8 spp.)
 Lithospermum L. (82 spp.)
 Ancistrocarya Maxim. (1 sp.)
 Subtribus neopisan?
 Arnebia Forssk. (32 spp.)
 Stenosolenium Turcz. (1 sp.)
 Podonosma Boiss. (3 spp.)
 Alkanna Tausch (66 spp.)
 Subtribus Echiinae
 Pontechium Böhle & Hilger (1 sp.)
 Echium L. (71 spp.)
 Echiostachys Levyns (3 spp.)
 Lobostemon Lehm. (29 spp.)
 Cystostemon Balf. fil. (16 spp.)
 Onosma L. (268 spp.)
 Choriantha Riedl (1 sp.)
 Maharanga A. DC. (10 spp.)
 Tribus Boragineae Rchb.
 Subtribus Moritziinae Weigend
 Moritzia DC. ex Meisn. (3 spp.)
 Thaumatocaryon Baill. (1 sp.)
 Subtribus Boragininae
 Trachystemon D. Don (1 sp.)
 Brunnera Stev. (3 spp.)
 Phyllocara Gusul. (1 sp.)
 Hormuzakia Gusul. (3 spp.)
 Gastrocotyle Bunge (2 spp.)
 Cynoglottis (Gusul.) Vural & Kit Tan (2 spp.)
 Lycopsis L. (2 spp.)
 Anchusella Bigazzi, E. Nardi & Selvi (2 spp.)
 Anchusa L. (29 spp.)
 Melanortocarya Selvi, Bigazzi, Hilger & Papini (1 sp.)
 Pulmonaria L. (21 spp.)
 Nonea Medik. (48 spp.)
 Symphytum L. (32 spp.)
 Pentaglottis Tausch (1 sp.)
 Borago L. (5 spp.)

Izvori

Boražinovke

Boraginoideae


Dangutė ist ein litauischer  weiblicher Vorname, abgeleitet von dangus (dt. "Himmel").

Namensträgerinnen

 Dangutė Ambrasienė-Sadaunykaitė (* 1953), Richterin am Litauischen Obersten Gericht, Professorin der Mykolas-Romer-Universität
 Dangutė Mikutienė (*  1966),  Politikerin, Mitglied des Seimas

Weiblicher Vorname
Litauischer Vorname
Hypokoristikum

Dangutė


Fire Island é um filme americano de comédia romântica dirigido por Andrew Ahn e escrito e estrelado por Jowel Kim Booster. Bowen Yang e Margaret Cho também estrelam no filme, inspirado por Orgulho e Preconceito de Jane Austen, que será distribuído pela Searchlight Pictures e lançado no Hulu em 3 de junho de 2022.

Sinopse
Dois melhores amigos vão passar as férias em Fire Island, o famoso destino de fuga gay na costa sul de Long Island, acompanhado por um rosé barato e um pequeno grupo de amigos ecléticos.

Elenco
 Joel Kim Booster como Noah
 Bowen Yang como Howie
 Margaret Cho como Erin
 Conrad Ricamora como Will
 James Scully como Charlie
 Matt Rogers como Luke
 Tomás Matos como Keegan
 Torian Miller como Max
 Nick Adams como Cooper
 Zane Phillips como Dex
 Michael Gracefa como Rhys
 Aidan Wharton como Braden
 Peter Smith como Moses
 Bradley Gibson como Johnny

Produção
Em 25 de setembro de 2019, foi anunciado que a agora extinta rede de televisão via streaming Quibi estava desenvolvendo uma série de comédia intitulada Trip, estrelada, criada e escrita por Joel Kim Booster. O projeto recebeu um pedido de série em 11 de março de 2020, com a Jax Media definida para produzir. Em 15 de abril de 2020, Bowen Yang foi escalado para o papel principal. Booster e Yang, que são ambos comediantes asiáticos gays e amigos "que mudam a vida", foram escolhidos para interpretar versões fictícias de si mesmos. Além disso, o cineasta de Closet Monster, Stephen Dunn, foi contratado para dirigir a série. No entanto, o projeto foi interrompido após o fechamento da Quibi em 1º de dezembro de 2020.

Em 30 de junho de 2021, foi anunciado que a Searchlight Pictures havia comprado o roteiro de Booster para produzi-lo como um longa-metragem renomeado Fire Island. O diretor de Spa Night, Andrew Ahn, substituiu Dunn como diretor. No mês seguinte, Margaret Cho se juntou ao elenco do filme. Conrad Ricamora, James Scully, Matt Rogers, Tomas Matos, Torian Miller e Nick Adams foram adicionados ao filme em agosto de 2021, com Zane Phillips, Michael Graceffa, Aidan Wharton, Peter Smith e Bradley Gibson se juntando ao elenco. A fotografia principal começou em 12 de agosto de 2021 e estava programada para durar até setembro de 2021, com as filmagens ocorrendo em Nova York, Brooklyn e Fire Island, o local referenciado no título do filme.

Lançamento
O filme está programado para ser lançado nos Estados Unidos através do Hulu em 3 de junho de 2022, no Disney+ através do hub Star em territórios internacionais, e no Star+ na América Latina.

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 2022
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes com temática LGBT dos Estados Unidos
Filmes de comédia romântica da década de 2020
Filmes de comédia romântica dos Estados Unidos
Filmes sobre amizade
Filmes sobre férias
Filmes baseados em Orgulho e Preconceito
Filmes ambientados em Long Island
Filmes gravados em Nova Iorque (estado)
Filmes gravados em Nova Iorque
Filmes da Searchlight Pictures
Filmes impactados pela pandemia de COVID-19
Filmes originais do Hulu
Filmes com temática LGBT de 2022

Fire Island (filme)


Un petit frère est un film français réalisé par Léonor Serraille, sorti en 2022. Il est en compétition au Festival de Cannes 2022.

Synopsis
Le film suit le parcours d'une famille de Côte d'Ivoire qui, pour partie, émigre en France : du couple ivoirien initial, le mari a disparu, deux des enfants sont restés dans leur pays. L'épouse, émigrée en France, se démêne en célibataire, avec deux autres de ses fils, tout en exerçant un emploi de femme de chambre dans l'hôtellerie, et en connaissant diverses aventures sentimentales.

Fiche technique

 Titre français : Un petit frère
 Réalisation et scénario : Léonor Serraille
 Photographie : Hélène Louvart
 Société de distribution : Diaphana Distribution
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : français
 Format : couleur
 Genre : drame
 Durée :
 Dates de sortie :
 France :  (Festival de Cannes) ;  (en salles)

Distribution
 Annabelle Lengronne : Rose
 Stéphane Bak : Jean
 Ahmed Sylla : Ernest (adulte)
 Kenzo Sambin : Ernest (13 ans)
 Arsen Chéruel : Félix

Production

Distinctions

Récompenses
 Festival de Cannes 2022 : Prix CST de l'artiste technicien : Prix de la jeune technicienne de cinéma pour Marion Burger
 Festival international du film de Stockholm 2022 : Prix de la meilleure interprétation féminine pour Annabelle Lengronne
 Festival de cinéma européen des Arcs 2022 : Prix d'Interprétation pour Annabelle Lengronne et prix de la meilleure photographie pour Hélène Louvart

Sélection
 Festival de Cannes 2022 : sélection officielle, en compétition

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film français sorti en 2022
Film dramatique français

Un petit frère


Géolocaliser l'amour est une série télévisée québécoise écrite par Simon Boulerice, qui en est aussi l'acteur principal, et réalisée par Nicolas Legendre-Duplessis.

La série est l'adaptation du roman par poèmes éponyme de Simon Boulerice, paru en 2016 aux Éditions de Ta Mère. Elle reprend la trame narrative et la structure du roman, mêlant à la fois des éléments biographiques et fictifs.

La série est disponible sur la plateforme ICI TOU.TV depuis le  et comprend 1 saison de 10 épisodes.

Synopsis
Géolocaliser l'amour raconte le désarroi de Simon, trentenaire montréalais, qui s'en remet à des applications de rencontre pour dénicher l'âme sœur. Au fil de ses conquêtes sexuelles, il se perd et s'écartèle aux quatre coins de la ville, y laissant chaque fois un peu de sa dignité.

Épisodes

Saison 1
La première saison débute le 5 mai 2022 sur ICI Tou.tv Extra au Canada.

 Épisode 1 - École des arcs-en-ciel : Simon entretient une relation virtuelle avec Félix, un gars qu'il n'a encore jamais rencontré. Alors qu'il est invité à faire la lecture de ses livres dans une école primaire, il ne peut s'empêcher de draguer sur les applications de rencontre.
 Épisode 2 - Hôpital Notre-Dame : «Ghosté» par Félix et hospitalisé à la suite d'une crise de diverticulite, Simon ne veut plus rien savoir des applications de rencontre. Il reçoit la visite de son meilleur ami, Jocelyn, et d'une fan embarrassante.
 Épisode 3 - Gym St-Henri : Simon est remis et veut rencontrer quelqu'un. Son rendez-vous avec Marc-Antoine tourne court lorsque ce dernier lui dit qu'il le trouve moins beau en vrai. L'auteur rejoint Jocelyn pour au gym, mais il n'a toujours pas décroché de Félix. Il caresse l'idée de le retrouver en ayant recours à un détective privé.
 Épisode 4 - Quinze minutes de marche du métro Champ-de-Mars : Simon fait une croix sur l'idée de découvrir qui est Félix. Ayant appris que Simon est invité toute la semaine au Tricheur, Marc-Antoine emprunte le livre Javotte à sa coloc et, charmé par l'humour de l'auteur, le réinvite chez lui. Simon se bat avec sa dignité : y aller ou pas?
 Épisode 5 - Hôtel des Seconds violons : Simon décide de cacher à Jocelyn ce qu'il a subi avec Marc-Antoine. Il se jette dans une sexualité effervescente et s'écartèle plus que jamais aux quatre coins de Montréal. Entre deux plans sexe, il rencontre son agente pour prendre des nouvelles de son audition pour être chroniqueur à Sucré salé.
 Épisode 6 - En direct des Studios Grandé : Invité à l'émission En direct de l'univers, Simon est nerveux à l'idée de ne pas bien chanter. Il est vrai qu'il est meilleur avec les mots qu'avec les notes, comme le lui fait remarquer Camille, photographe non-binaire qui lui tire le portrait lors d'une séance plutôt électrique.
 Épisode 7 - Patrouiller dans le Sud-Ouest : Simon ouvre à Roberto, un policier déniché sur une application qui lui propose un scénario sexuel. La complicité entre eux le propulse dans la stratosphère. Au gym, Jocelyn lui montre une photo de sa nouvelle fréquentation : Marc-Antoine. Simon tombe des nues, mais ravale sa surprise et sa douleur.
 Épisode 8 - Une halte à Trois-Rivières : La relation avec Roberto s'étiole : ce dernier est de plus en plus distant. Il cache quelque chose. Simon est envoyé d'urgence à Trois-Rivières pour animer une dictée. Il fait du tourisme de chambre avec un entraîneur de cheerleading. Un bref instant de répit avant la tempête qui s'annonce…
 Épisode 9 - Les voisins d'en bas : Honteux, Simon est terré chez ses parents, car une photo de lui, fesses nues, circule sur Internet. Qui a pu faire un coup aussi bas? Félix, assurément! Roberto vient lui prêter main-forte : il a trouvé l'adresse où a été diffusée la photo. C'est tout près du Vieux-Port…
 Épisode 10 - Ma chambre : Par amour pour son ami, Jocelyn met un terme illico à sa relation avec Marc-Antoine. Le voile sur l'identité de Félix est enfin levé grâce à l'oncle de Jocelyn: c'est l'heure de la confrontation entre Simon et « Félix ».

Fiche technique

 Réalisation : Nicolas Legendre-Duplessis
 Idée originale et scénario : Simon Boulerice
 Société de production : V10 Média Inc.
 Productrice : Caroline Gaudette
 Script-éditeur : Vincent Bolduc
 Directeur de la photographie : Benoit Jones-Vallée
 Compositeur de la musique : Maxime Hervé
 Directeur de production : Vincent Martel
 Pays d'origine : Canada
 Langue :  Français
 Durée : 138 minutes
 Nombre de saisons : 1
 Nombre d'épisodes : 10

Distribution

 Simon Boulerice : Simon Boulerice
 Jocelyn Lebeau : Jocelyn
 Gabriel Lemire : Marc-Antoine
 Luc Senay : Robert
 Josée Deschênes : Louise
 Francis Ducharme : Félix
 Jonathan Gagnon : Jacques
 Lucien Abbondanza-Bergeron : Roberto
 Tommy Joubert : Tommy
 Alex Miron-Dauphin : Camille
 Éric Cabana : Concierge de l'école
 Alexandre Dubois : Olivier
 Séric : Vincent
 Jean-Sébastien Girard : Jean-Sébastien
 Leïla Thibeault-Louchem : Magali
 Rosie-Anne Bérubé-Bernier : Jeanne
 Sharon Ibgui : Anne
 Chrystelle Quintin : Clara
 Lamia Benhacine : Infirmière
 Chantal Baril : Louisette
 Yves Desgagnés: Yves
 Frédérike Bédard : Organisatrice dictée
 Anick Pelisson : Secrétaire école

Distinctions

Récompenses

 Festival de la fiction de La Rochelle 2023 : Meilleur format court étranger
 T.O. Web Fest 2023 : Meilleures série LGBTQ+
 Rockie Awards 2023 : Prix francophone : Série de fiction format court
 BUEIFF Web Series 2023 : Meilleur acteur : Simon Boulerice, Meilleur réalisateur
 Rome International Movie Awards 2023 : Meilleure série web, Meilleur duo (Simon Boulerice et Jocelyn Lebeau)
 NYC WebFest 2022 : Meilleur montage

Nominations

 Prix Gémeaux 2023 : Meilleure émission ou série originale produite pour les médias numériques : dramatique ou comédie - Finaliste
 Prix Gémeaux 2023 : Nicolas Legendre-Duplessis - Meilleure réalisation pour une émission ou série produite pour les médias numériques : dramatique, comédie, jeunesse, magazine, documentaire - Finaliste
 Prix Gémeaux 2023 : Simon Boulerice - Meilleur texte pour une émission ou série produite pour les médias numériques : dramatique, comédie, jeunesse - Finaliste
 Prix Gémeaux 2023 : Gabriel Lemire - Meilleur rôle de soutien dans une émission ou série produite pour les médias numériques : dramatique, comédie, jeunesse - Finaliste
 Prix Numix 2023 : Capsule et Web série - Fiction - Finaliste
 Court d'un soir 2023 : Compétition nationale de séries courtes - Finaliste
 Yorkton Film Festival 2023 : Meilleure série - Finaliste
 L.A. Web Fest 2023 : Meilleure série web, Meilleur acteur de soutien : Jocelyn Lebeau - Finaliste
 Montreal Independant Film Festival 2023 : Meilleure série web - Finaliste
 Indie Series Awards 2023 : Meilleure direction photo, Meilleure bande-originale, Meilleure série internationale - Finaliste

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Géolocaliser l'amour (roman)

Liens externes

 Site officiel
 Géolocaliser l'amour sur ICI Tou.tv
 Géolocaliser l'amour sur l'IMDb

Série télévisée québécoise des années 2020

Géolocaliser l'amour (série télévisée)


Bahčisarajska fontana, fontana u Bahčisaraju
 Bahčisarajska fontana (Puškin), Puškinova poema po kojoj su rađeni
 Bahčisarajska fontana (1909.), film Jakova Protazanova
 Bahčisarajska fontana (Iljinski), opera Aleksandra Iljinskog iz 1911. godine
 Bahčisarajska fontana (Asafjev), balet Borisa Asafjeva iz 1932. godine
 Bahčisarajska fontana (Puškin), slika Karla Pavloviča Brjulova iz 1849. godine

Bahčisarajska fontana (razdvojba)


Monitör, görüntü sergilemek için kullanılan elektronik ya da elektro-mekanik aygıtların genel adıdır. Monitör, başta televizyon ve bilgisayar olmak üzere birçok elektronik cihazın en önemli çıktı aygıtıdır. Monitör, plastik bir muhafaza içerisinde gerekli elektronik devreleri, güç transformatörünü ve resmi oluşturan birimleri içerir. Monitörle bilgisayar arasındaki iletişimi ekran kartı sağlar. Yani, monitörden çıkan veri kablosu bilgisayar kasasında ekran kartına bağlanır. Monitörlerin boyutları inç ölçü cinsiyle ifade edilir. Bu boyut monitör ekranının bir köşesinden karşı çaprazındaki diğer köşesine olan uzaklıktır.

Ekran modları
Bilgisayar kullanılırken monitörlerde iki tür ekran moduyla karşılaşılır. Bu ekran modları Text modu ve Grafik modudur.

Text modu: Text modunda ekran 25 satır ve 80 sütundan oluşur. Yani her satıra en fazla 80 karakter yazılabilir. DOS işletim sistemi text modda çalışan bir işletim sistemidir.

Grafik modu: Grafik modu, Microsoft Windows işletim sisteminin çalıştığı ortamdır. Monitör ekranı pixellerden (noktalardan) oluşur. Pixel sayısı ne kadar fazla ise netlik o kadar artar. Nokta sayısı yoğunluğuna çözünürlük denir. Çözünürlük azaldıkça netlik azalır ve görüntü bozulur.

Monitör türleri
Monitörler iki tiptedir. CRT ve daha modern olan LCD monitörler. CRT monitörlerin boyutları bir televizyon gibi, oldukça büyüktür. LCD monitörler ise çok daha incedir.

CRT Monitörler

Bir monitörün en önemli parçası çeşitli elektronik devrelerle birlikte CRT (Chatode Ray Tube – Katot Işınlı Tüp) denilen havası boşaltılmış ve ön yüzeyi binlerce fosfor noktacığından (dot) oluşan koni şeklindeki tüptür.

Bu tüpün geniş tarafı dikdörtgen şeklindedir. Diğer dar tarafında ise elektron tabancası bulunur.

Tabanca içerisindeki katot levhaları tel fleman (ısıtıcı) ile ısıtılır ve tüp içerisinde serbestçe dolaşan elektron bulutu oluşturulur. Negatif kutuplandırılan katotlar ile pozitif kutuplandırılan ekranın iç yüzeyi arasında büyük bir gerilim farkı uygulandığında katotlarda oluşan elektronlar dış yüzeye doğru fırlar.

Sabit olarak yerleştirilen odaklama elemanları bu elektronları bir araya getirerek bir ışın halinde ekran orta yüzeyinde odaklar. Bu ışını ekranın istenilen taraflarına yönlendirmek için elektron tabancasının etrafında yatay ve dikey saptırma bobinleri bulunur. İşte bu ışının ön yüzeyde gezdirilmesi suretiyle ortaya görüntüler çıkar.

Ekran kartından sinyal geldiği müddetçe bu ışında monitörün sol üst köşesinden başlayarak fosfor ile kaplı ön yüzeyi tarar. Burada verecek çinko oksit türevi kullanılır. Noktanın hızlı hareketi görüntüyü oluşturur. Gözümüz gecikmeli algıladığı için görüntü oluşur.

Elektron demetinin ekranda saniyede kaç resim taradığı ekran kartı tarafından belirlenir. Bu değer saniyede 50 ile 120 arasında değişir. Bu değerler "tazeleme" frekansı olarak isimlendirilir. Değerin yüksek olması görüntü kalitesini ciddi ölçüde artıracaktır. Değer düşük olursa monitörde gözü yoran kıpraşımlar daha da fazla olacaktır.

Renkli monitörlerde renklerin oluşması için üç temel renk (kırmızı-yeşil-mavi) kullanılır. Her renk için elektron tabancası içerisinde bir ışın demeti oluşturan eleman vardır. Ayrıca ekran yüzeyi de üç ayrı renkten oluşan fosfor tabakasından oluşur. Bu tabakalar delikli bir maskenin arasından aydınlatılır. Hassas bir şekilde ayarlanan bu deliklerde her renge ait ışın demeti sadece o renge çarpar.

Monitördeki her nokta üç ayrı renkteki fosfor damlacığından oluşur. Bu üç fosfor damlacığı da bir araya gelerek "pixel" leri oluşturur. Birbirine en yakın aynı renkteki iki noktanın merkezleri arasındaki uzaklığa "dot pitch" denir. Nokta aralığı anlamına gelen bu ifadenin bugünkü değerleri 0.24 mm ile 0.28 mm arasında değişmektedir. Bu değerlerin küçük olması görüntü kalitesinin artması anlamına gelir.

LCD Monitörler

LCD (Liquid Cyristal Display) monitörlerde görüntü sıvı kristal diyotlar yardımıyla sağlanmaktadır. Bu diyotlara gerilim uygulandığında, içlerindeki moleküllerin polarizasyonu değişmekte ve beraberinde de diyotun geçirgenliği değişmektedir. Bu duruma dijital saatlerde de rastlamaktayız. Normalde şeffaf olan bu diyotlara gerilim uygulandığında geçirgenliklerini kaybederler ve siyaha dönerler. Renkli LCD monitörlerde ise çok ufak ve birden fazla diyot kamanı kullanılarak görüntü alınmaktadır.

LCD monitörler DSTN ve TFT olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Ucuz olan ve "passive matrix" teknolojisini kullanan DSTN (Dual-Scan Twisted Nematic)'ler çözünürlükleri ve görüş açıları TFT'lerden düşük olan monitörlerdir. Bu monitörler genelde dizüstü bilgisayarlarda kullanılmaktadır. TFT (Thin Film Transistor)'ler ise "active matrix" adı verilen ve görüntüyü daha parlak ve keskin gösteren bir teknoloji kullanırlar. TFT'lerde her piksel bir ya da dört transistör tarafından kontrol edilir ve bu sayede flat panel ekranlar arasında en iyi çözünürlüğü sunarlar..

Interlaced ve Non-Interlaced monitör

Interlaced CRT monitörlerde önce tek satırların daha sonra da çift satırların tazelendiği bir tarama şekli kullanılmaktadır. Bu yöntem ekran çözünürlüğünü arttırmak için uygun bir yöntemdir, fakat ekranda titreşime sebep olunmaktadır.

Non-interlaced monitörlerde ekranın üstünden altına doğru bir döngüyle her satır tazelenir. Bu olay titreşimi azaltmaktadır ve günümüzde bu tip monitörler kullanılmaktadır.

256, Yüksek ve Gerçek Renkler
Monitörde görüntülenen renk sayısı ekran kartının hafızası ile ilgilidir. 256, yüksek ve gerçek renk terimleri renk bilgisini depolamak için kullanılan bit sayısını ifade eder. Bit sayısının fazlalığı, renk sayısının ve aynı zamanda video RAM'in fazlalığı demektir.

256 renk 8 bit'i kullanır ve ekranda sadece 256 farklı renk görünür. Yüksek (high) renk 16 bit'i kullanır ve ekranda 65536 (64K) renk görüntülenir. Gerçek (true) renk 24 bit kullanır ve ekranda 16 milyon renk görüntülenir. 16 ve 24 bit arasındaki fark insan gözü tarafından algılanmaz.

Ekran kartı için gereken video RAM miktarı şu şekilde formüle edilebilir:

yatay çözünürlük x dikey çözünürlük x 1 pixel için gereken byte miktarı = ekran kartında bulunması gereken minimum ram miktarı (byte)

16 renkte: 1 pixel için 0,5 byte
256 renkte : 1 pixel için 1 byte
64K renkte: 1 pixel için 2 byte
16,7 milyon renkte: 1 pixel için 3 byte gerekir.
Mesela: 16,7 milyon renk ve 1024 x 768 çözünürlük

1024 x 768 x 3 = 2,359,296 byte = 2,4 MB (yaklaşık) video RAM gerekmektedir. Dolayısıyla piyasada bu sınırın üzerinde 4 MB ekran kartı bulunduğundan en azından bunun kullanılması gerekmektedir

Monitör boyutları
Aşağıda küçükten büyüğe olmak üzere monitör boyutları verilmiştir.

 15 inç-38 cm ekran
 17 inç-43 cm ekran
 19 inç-48 cm ekran
 22 inç-56 cm ekran
 24 inç-60 cm ekran
 26 inç-66 cm ekran
 32 inç-82 cm ekran
 40 inç-102 cm ekran
 42 inç-106 cm ekran
 46 inç-116 cm ekran

Monitör seçimi

Monitör ekranının büyüklüğü yapılacak işe ve amaca göre seçilmelidir. Normal kullanım için en ideal ekran boyutu 19 inçtir (Düz kare ekran (4:3 ya da 5:4) ya da geniş ekran (16:9 ya da 16:10) tercih edilebilir). Eğer bilgisayarda daha çok şekil, grafik, plan, proje çizimleri veya programlama yapılacak, oyun oynanacak ise ekran boyutu büyük olan monitörler (21 inç, 23 inç vb.) tercih edilmelidir. Büyüklükle beraber monitör çözünürlüğüne (yüksek çözünürlüğe sahip monitörlerin görüntüleri daha kalitelidir) ve ekran kartının özelliklerine (bellek miktarı, işlemci hızı, desteklenen en yüksek çözünürlük vb.) de dikkat edilmelidir.

Görüntüleme cihazları
Bilgisayar donanımları

Bilgisayar monitörü


Dune: Part Two é um próximo filme épico americano de ficção científica dirigido por Denis Villeneuve a partir de um roteiro de Villeneuve, Jon Spaihts e Eric Roth. Servindo como uma sequência direta de Duna (2021), é a segunda de uma adaptação em duas partes do romance de 1965 com o mesmo nome de Frank Herbert e cobrirá aproximadamente a segunda metade do livro. O filme apresenta um elenco liderado por Timothée Chalamet como Paul Atreides.

O desenvolvimento começou depois que a Legendary Entertainment adquiriu os direitos de cinema e TV para Duna em 2016. Villeneuve assinou como diretor do filme em 2017, com a intenção de fazer uma adaptação em duas partes do romance. Os contratos de produção foram garantidos apenas para um primeiro filme, com o segundo filme tendo que receber sinal verde com base no sucesso do primeiro. Embora ele estivesse preocupado com a certeza da sequência depois que o primeiro filme teve um lançamento simultâneo nos cinemas e no HBO Max, a Warner Bros. garantiu que a sequência aconteceria se tivesse um bom desempenho no HBO Max. Após o sucesso de crítica e comercial do primeiro filme, a Warner Bros. e a Legendary Entertainment deram luz verde ao filme em outubro de 2021. As filmagens começaram em julho de 2022 em Budapeste, com pré-filmagem ocorrendo na tumba de Brion em Altivole, Itália no início daquele mês.

Dune: Part Two está programado para ser lançado em 17 de Novembro de 2023.

Sinopse
"Este filme de acompanhamento explorará a jornada mítica do Duque Paul Atreides, que possui poderes de clarividência que podem permitir que ele guie a humanidade para um futuro melhor. Agora unido a Chani e aos Fremen, Paul está em uma guerra de vingança contra os conspiradores que destruíram sua família. Depois de assumir o controle do império e enfrentar uma escolha entre o amor de sua vida e o destino do universo conhecido, ele se esforça para evitar um futuro terrível que só ele pode prever."

Elenco
 Timothée Chalamet como Paul Atreides: O duque da Casa Atreides, que é chamado de "Muad'Dib" pelos Fremen.
 Rebecca Ferguson como Lady Jessica: A mãe Bene Gesserit de Paul e concubina do falecido pai de Paul, Leto.
 Josh Brolin como Gurney Halleck: O mestre de armas da Casa Atreides e mentor de Paul.
 Stellan Skarsgård como Barão Vladimir Harkonnen: O inimigo jurado de Leto e ex-administrador de Arrakis.
 Dave Bautista como Glossu Rabban: O sobrinho brutal do Barão Harkonnen.
 Stephen McKinley Henderson como Thufir Hawat: Um Mentat leal à Casa Atreides.
 Zendaya como Chani: Uma jovem Fremen e o interesse amoroso de Paul.
 Charlotte Rampling como Gaius Helen Mohiam: Uma Reverenda Madre Bene Gesserit e a Reveladora da Verdade do Imperador.
 Javier Bardem como Stilgar: O líder da tribo Fremen em Sietch Tabr.
 Florence Pugh como Princesa Irulan: A filha do imperador.
 Austin Butler como Feyd-Rautha: Sobrinho mais novo do Barão Harkonnen e sucessor planejado em Arrakis.
 Christopher Walken como Shaddam IV: o Imperador da Casa Corrino.
 Léa Seydoux como Lady Margot: Uma Bene Gesserit e amiga íntima do Imperador.
 Souheila Yacoub como Shishakli: Uma guerreira Fremen.

Produção

Desenvolvimento
Em março de 2018, Denis Villeneuve afirmou que seu objetivo era adaptar o romance em uma série de filmes de duas partes. Villeneuve finalmente garantiu um contrato de dois filmes com a Warner Bros. Pictures, no mesmo estilo da adaptação em duas partes de Stephen King's It em 2017 e 2019. Ele afirmou que "eu não concordaria em fazer essa adaptação do livro com um único filme" como Duna era "muito complexo" com "poder nos detalhes" que um único filme não conseguiria capturar. Em janeiro de 2019, Joe Walker foi confirmado como editor do filme. Outra equipe inclui: Brad Riker como diretor de arte supervisor; Patrice Vermette como designer de produção; Paul Lambert como supervisores de efeitos visuais; Gerd Nefzer como supervisor de efeitos especiais; e Thomas Struthers como coordenador de dublês. Dune: Part Two será produzido por Villeneuve, Mary Parent e Cale Boyter, com Tanya Lapointe, Brian Herbert, Byron Merritt, Kim Herbert, Thomas Tull, Jon Spaihts, Richard P. Rubinstein, John Harrison e Herbert W. Gain servindo como produtores executivos e Kevin J. Anderson como consultor criativo. O lendário CEO Joshua Grode confirmou em abril de 2019 que eles planejam fazer uma sequência, acrescentando que "há um lugar lógico para parar o [primeiro] filme antes que o livro termine".

Em dezembro de 2020, Villeneuve afirmou que, devido ao plano da Warner Bros. de lançar o filme nos cinemas e na HBO Max ao mesmo tempo, o primeiro filme poderia ter um desempenho financeiro inferior, o que poderia levar ao cancelamento da sequência planejada. Em uma exibição IMAX dos primeiros dez minutos do primeiro filme, o logotipo do título dizia Dune: Part One dando credibilidade aos planos para a sequência. Em agosto de 2021, Villeneuve falou com mais confiança sobre as chances da sequência ser filmada e sua empolgação em trabalhar com Timothée Chalamet e Zendaya novamente, enquanto Chani teria um papel maior na sequência. Villeneuve disse no Festival de Cinema de Veneza antes da estreia do primeiro filme que ele está planejando uma trilogia, com a Parte Dois sendo baseada na segunda metade do primeiro romance e o terceiro filme sendo baseado em Dune Messiah. A Warner Bros. garantiu a Villeneuve que uma sequência terá luz verde desde que o filme tenha um bom desempenho na HBO Max. Apenas alguns dias antes do lançamento do primeiro filme, a CEO da Warner Bros., Ann Sarnoff, declarou: "Teremos uma sequência de Duna? Se você assistir ao filme, verá como termina. Acho que você sabe a resposta para isso."

Em 26 de outubro de 2021, Legendary oficialmente deu sinal verde para Dune: Part Two com um porta-voz da empresa afirmando: "Não teríamos chegado a esse ponto sem a visão extraordinária de Denis e o incrível trabalho de sua talentosa equipe, os escritores, nosso elenco estelar, nossos parceiros na Warner Bros. e, claro, os fãs! Um brinde a mais Duna." exibido nos cinemas, com a Legendary e a Warner Bros. concordando em dar a Dune: Part Two uma janela de 45 dias antes de estar disponível em outros canais. Villeneuve disse que essa exclusividade teatral era uma "condição inegociável" e que "a experiência teatral está no cerne da linguagem cinematográfica para mim". para concluir as filmagens o mais rápido possível, com o mais cedo previsto para começar no último trimestre de 2022. No entanto, ele disse que a produção do segundo filme se beneficiou de todo o trabalho já estabelecido no primeiro e pode ajudar a agilizar a produção.

Roteiro
Eric Roth foi contratado para co-escrever o roteiro em abril de 2017, e Jon Spaihts foi posteriormente confirmado para co-escrever o roteiro ao lado de Roth e Villeneuve. O criador de linguagens de Game of Thrones, David Peterson, foi confirmado para desenvolver linguagens para o filme em abril de 2019. Em novembro de 2019, Spaihts deixou o cargo de showrunner da série de TV Dune: The Sisterhood para se concentrar em Dune: Part Two. Em junho de 2020, Greig Fraser disse: "É uma história totalmente formada em si, com lugares para ir. É um filme épico totalmente autônomo que as pessoas vão aproveitar muito quando o virem". Em fevereiro de 2021, Eric Roth afirmou que escreveu um tratamento completo para a possível sequência. Em agosto de 2021, Villeneuve também confirmou que a escrita começou. Em março de 2022, Villeneuve revelou que o roteiro estava quase pronto.

Montagem de Elenco

Em março de 2022, foi relatado que Florence Pugh e Austin Butler estavam em negociações para estrelar o filme como a princesa Irulan e o herdeiro Harkonnen Feyd-Rautha, respectivamente. Em maio, Christopher Walken se juntou ao elenco como Shaddam IV. Em junho, Léa Seydoux entrou em negociações para se juntar ao elenco como Lady Margot. Em julho, Souheila Yacoub se juntou ao elenco como Shishakli.

Filmagens
As pré-filmagens começaram em 4 de julho de 2022 na tumba de Brion em Altivole, Itália, por dois dias. A filmagem principal estava marcada para começar em 21 de julho em Budapeste, Hungria, e começou mais cedo em 18 de julho.

Trilha Sonora
Hans Zimmer retornará para compor a trilha sonora do filme depois de fazê-lo no filme anterior.

Lançamento
O filme está programado para ser lançado em 17 de novembro de 2023. A data de lançamento do filme foi originalmente anunciada como 20 de outubro de 2023.

Futuro
Villeneuve manifestou interesse em fazer um terceiro filme baseado em Dune Messiah, o segundo romance da série, acrescentando que a possibilidade do filme dependia do sucesso de Dune: Part Two. Spaihts também reiterou em março de 2022 que Villeneuve tinha planos para um terceiro filme, bem como uma série de televisão spin-off.

Dune: Part Two


Peter Serkin (1947-2020), pianiste américain.
 Rudolf Serkin (1903-1991), pianiste américain, d'origine autrichienne.

Homonymie de patronyme
Patronyme juif

Serkin


Zuccotti Park, anteriormente llamado Liberty Plaza Park o a veces Liberty Plaza, es un parque de 3065 m² de propiedad privada ubicado en el Bajo Manhattan en Nueva York. El parque, propiedad de Brookfield Office Properties, está ubicado entre Broadway, Trinity Place y las calles Liberty y Cedar. En la esquina noroeste del parque está, a través de la calle, el edificio World Trade Center.

Creación
El parque fue construido a finales de los años 1960. El parque era muy popular, dada su ubicación entre los rascacielos del Distrito Financiero que carecía de dichas zonas. Tras los Ataques del 11 de Septiembre en 2001 quedó cubierto por escombros y fue usado como un área de logística para la reconstrucción de la zona cero. Como parte de la reconstrucción del Bajo Manhattan, fue remodelado completamente.

Después de los ataques del 11 de septiembre
El 1 de junio de 2006, el parque reabrió con una renovación de $ 8 millones designados por Cooper, Robertson & Partners. Fue renombrado a Zuccotti Park en honor a John Zuccotti, antiguo presidente de la Comisión de Planificación Urbana y primer teniente alcalde bajo el alcalde Abe Beame y ahora presidente de Brookfield Properties, en la cual se utilizaron fondos privados para renovar el parque. En la actualidad, el parque cuenta con una amplia variedad de árboles, aceras de granito, mesas y bancos, así como luces integradas en el suelo, que iluminan la zona.

Dada su proximidad a la Zona Cero, el Zuccotti Park es un destino turístico popular. La Cruz del World Trade Center, que anteriormente se encontraba en la Basílica de San Pedro para ser bendecida, fue trasladada finalmente hasta el Monumento al 9-S. La Cruz fue presentada en una ceremonia celebrada en el Zuccotti Park antes de su traslado al Memorial.

Esculturas
El parque cuenta con dos esculturas: Joie de Vivre por Mark di Suvero y Double Check, un hombre de negocios de bronce sentado en un banco, por John Seward Johnson II.

Joie de Vivre, una escultura de 70 pies de altura, formado por vigas de color rojo brillante, se instaló en Zuccotti Park en 2006, después de haber sido trasladada de su instalación previa en el Storm King Art Center. Benjamin Genocchio, un crítico de arte australiano, comentó que la escultura de la ubicación era adecuada ", agradablemente haciendo eco a los rascacielos de su alrededor."

"Occupy Wall Street"
El 17 de septiembre de 2011, manifestantes de "Occupy Wall Street" empezaron a protestar en el Zuccotti Park como punto operacional de sus actos. Algunos manifestantes colgaron pancartas dándole la bienvenida al parque como "Liberty Park", el nombre anterior del parque.

Véase también

 Anexo:Edificios y estructuras de Broadway

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Parques de Manhattan
Distrito Financiero (Manhattan)
Broadway

Zuccotti Park


نبيل الدسوقي (11 يناير 1923  - 28 أغسطس 1995) كان ممثل سينمائي ومسرحي مصري تخرج من معهد الفنون المسرحية، كان من أهم أدواره في مسيرته الفنية التي لعبها هو مسلسل رأفت الهجان،  وإسطبل عنتر.

بعض من أفلامه
 1975: على من نطلق الرصاص
 1978: وثالثهم الشيطان
 1979: البؤساء
 1980: سأعود بلا دموع
 1980: ليلة بكى فيها القمر
 1981: ليلة شتاء دافئة
 1981: زيارة سرية
1985: خيوط العنكبوت
 1987: عصفور له أنياب
 1988: الحب أيضا يموت
1988: نهر الخوف
 1989: قلب الليل
 1992: المتهمة

المسلسلات
 داليا المصرية.
رأفت الهجان.
 حساب السنين.
إسطبل عنتر.
 الفرسان.
 السقوط في بئر سبع.
 أبو العلا البشري.
 الزيني بركات.
 الشهد والدموع.
 ليالي الحلمية (الجزء الرابع والخامس).
 الراية البيضاء.
 أرابيسك.
 بين القصرين.
 قصر الشوق.
 البوسطجي

روابط خارجية

مراجع

ممثلون مصريون
مواليد 1341 هـ
مواليد 1923
وفيات 1416 هـ
وفيات 1995

نبيل الدسوقي


An Dendrobium lamyaiae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Gunnar Seidenfaden. An Dendrobium lamyaiae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dendrobium, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Dendrobium

Dendrobium lamyaiae


Christian Charles Philip Bale (d. 30 Ocak 1974), İngiliz sinema oyuncusudur. Çok yönlülüğü ve metot oyunculuğu ile bilinen Bale, bir Akademi Ödülü ve iki Altın Küre Ödülü de dâhil olmak üzere pek çok ödülün sahibidir.

Bale ilk olarak Steven Spielberg'in yönettiği Güneşin İmparatorluğu filminde canlandırdığı, II. Dünya Savaşı'nda ailesini kaybederek Japonya'da yalnız kalan İngiliz çocuğu rolü ile sinemaya başladı. 1990'da Robert Louis Stevenson'ın Define Adası romanının uyarlaması Define Adası 'nda Jim Hawkins rolünü başarıyla canlandırdı. Bret Easton Ellis'in romanından uyarlanan Amerikan Sapığı filmi ile daha 29 Aralık 2000'de, Winona Ryder'ın asistanı Sandra Blazic ile evlendi. Entertainment Weekly internet üzerinden yürüttüğü "Son 10 Yıl İçerisindeki En Güçlü 8 Kült Figür" listesine girdi.

2007 yılında IMDb'de yapılan oylamada 40 yaşın altındaki en iyi aktör seçilmiştir. Bir röportajında Galler doğumlu olduğunu ama Galli olmadığını, İngiliz olduğunu belirtmiştir. Babası pilot annesi ise sirk performanıdır. Dört kardeşin en küçüğüdür ve İngiltere'yi 1976 yılında terk etmiştir. Çocukluk yıllarında bir keresinde en iyi çocuk aktör seçilmiştir. 1992 yılında ilk müzikalinde oynadı, bu büyük bir Disney müzikaliydi. Bu müzikal filmlerin dans sahneleri için 10 hafta boyunca dans ve askerî sanat dersleri almıştı. 2004 senesinde başrolünü oynadığı Makinist filmi için 28 kilo vermiş, ertesi sene gişe rekorları kıran Batman filmindeki rolü için verdiği kilonun yaklaşık iki katını almış ve film sektöründe bunu başararak Guiness Rekorlar Kitabına girmiştir. Oynadığı The Fighter filmiyle en iyi yardımcı erkek oyuncu Oscar'ını alarak ilk Oscar'ını kazanmıştır.

Biyografi

Bale, Güney Afrika doğumlu pilot David Bale ve İngiliz sirk palyaçosu Jenny James'in oğlu olarak Galler'de dünyaya geldi. Dört kardeşin en küçüğüydü. 1976'da Galler'den ayrıldıktan sonra İngiltere, Portekiz, ABD gibi ülkeleri gezdi. 1990'larda Güney Kaliforniya'da bir kolejde okudu.

Filmografi

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Beyazperde'de Christian Bale

Batman karakterini canlandıran oyuncular
1974 doğumlular
Pembrokeshire doğumlular
20. yüzyılda İngiliz erkek oyuncular
21. yüzyılda İngiliz erkek oyuncular
İngiliz erkek dizi oyuncuları
İngiliz erkek oyuncular
İngiliz vejetaryenler
En İyi Yardımcı Erkek Oyuncu Akademi Ödülü sahipleri
Young Artist Ödülü sahipleri
Ekran Oyuncuları Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Yardımcı Erkek Film Oyuncusu Altın Küre Ödülü sahipleri
BAFTA En İyi Yardımcı Erkek Oyuncu Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Oyuncu Kadrosu SAG Ödülü sahipleri
BAFTA Ödülü kazananlar
Yaşayan insanlar
21. yüzyılda Amerikalı erkek oyuncular
İngiliz erkek çocuk oyuncular
En İyi Yardımcı Erkek Oyuncu National Board of Review Ödülü sahipleri
Altın Küre Ödülü sahipleri
National Board of Review Ödülü sahipleri
En İyi Yardımcı Erkek Oyuncu Chicago Sinema Eleştirmenleri Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
Yardımcı Rolde Erkek Oyuncu Tarafından Üstün Performans Ekran Oyuncuları Derneği Ödülü sahipleri
Satellite Ödülü sahipleri
Boston Film Eleştirmenleri Derneği En İyi Yardımcı Erkek Oyuncu Ödülü sahipleri
Boston Film Eleştirmenleri Derneği Ödülü sahipleri

Christian Bale


Alexandru Averescu (; 9 March 1859 – 2 October 1938) was a Romanian marshal, diplomat and populist politician. A Romanian Armed Forces Commander during World War I, he served as Prime Minister of three separate cabinets (as well as being interim Foreign Minister in January–March 1918 and Minister without portfolio in 1938). He first rose to prominence during the peasants' revolt of 1907, which he helped repress with violence. Credited with engineering the defense of Moldavia in the 1916–1917 Campaign, he built on his popularity to found and lead the successful People's Party, which he brought to power in 1920–1921, with backing from King Ferdinand I and the National Liberal Party (PNL), and with the notable participation of Constantin Argetoianu and Take Ionescu.

His controversial first mandate, marked by a political crisis and oscillating support from the PNL's leader Ion I. C. Brătianu, played a part in legislating land reform and repressed communist activities, before being brought down by the rally of opposition forces. His second term of 1926–1927 brought a much-debated treaty with Fascist Italy, and fell after Averescu gave clandestine backing to the ousted Prince Carol. Faced with the People Party's decline, Averescu closed deals with various right-wing forces and was instrumental in bringing Carol back to the throne in 1930. Relations between the two soured over the following years, and Averescu clashed with his fellow party member Octavian Goga over the king's attitudes. Shortly before his death, he and Carol reconciled, and Averescu joined the Crown Council.

Averescu, who authored over 12 works on various military topics (including his memoirs from the frontline), was also an honorary member of the Romanian Academy and an Order of Michael the Brave recipient. He became a Marshal of Romania in 1930.

Early life and career
Averescu was born in Babele, United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (later renamed to Alexandru Averescu, today Ozerne, a village northwest of Izmail, Ukraine). The son of Constantin Averescu, who held the rank of sluger, he studied at the Romanian Orthodox seminary in Izmail, then at the School of Arts and Crafts in Bucharest (intending to become an engineer). In 1876, he decided to join the Gendarmes in Izmail.

Seeing action as a cavalry sergeant with the Romanian troops engaged in the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, he was decorated on several occasions, but was later moved to reserve (after failing his medical examination due to the effects of frostbite). He was, however, reinstated later in 1878, and subsequently received a military education in Romania, at the military school of Târgoviște (Dealu Monastery), and in Italy, at the Military Academy of Turin. Averescu married an Italian opera singer, Clotilda Caligaris, who had been the prima donna of La Scala. His future collaborator and rival Constantin Argetoianu stated that Averescu "chose Mrs. Clotilda at random".

Upon his return, Averescu steadily climbed through the ranks. He was head of the Bucharest Military Academy (1894–1895), and, in 1895–1898, Romania's military attaché in the German Empire; a colonel in 1901, he was advanced to the rank of brigadier general and became head of the Tecuci regional Army Command Center in 1906.

Before the World War, he led the troops in crushing the 1907 peasants' revolt — where he engaged in using very harsh means of repression, especially when dealing with soldiers who refused to fight against the rebels — and was subsequently Minister of War in Dimitrie Sturdza's National Liberal Party (PNL) cabinet (1907–1909). According to the recollections of Eliza Brătianu, a split occurred between him and the PNL after Averescu attempted to advance various political goals — the conflict erupted when he sought support with King Carol I and then, as the National Liberals deeply resented Romania's alliance with the Central Powers, he approached the Germans for backing.

Subsequently, he was commander of the First Infantry Division (stationed in Turnu Severin) and, later, of the Second Army Corps in Craiova. In 1912, he became a major general, and, in 1911–1913, he was Chief of the General Staff. In the latter capacity, Averescu organized the actions of Romanian troops operating south of the Danube in the Second Balkan War (the campaign against Bulgaria, during which his troops met no resistance).

World War and first cabinet

During the World War (which Romania entered in 1916), General Alexandru Averescu led the Second Romanian Army in the successful defense of the Predeal Pass, and was then moved to the head of the Third Army (following the latter's defeat in the Battle of Turtucaia). He commanded Army Group South in the Flămânda operation against the Third Bulgarian Army and other forces of the Central Powers, ultimately stopped by the German offensive (Averescu's forces did not register important losses, and orderly retreated to Moldavia, where Romanian authorities had taken refuge from the successful German operations).

Averescu again led the Second Army to victory in the Battle of Mărăști (August 1917); his achievements, including his brief breakthrough at Mărăști, were considered impressive by public opinion and his officers. However, several military historians rate Averescu and his fellow Romanian generals very poorly, arguing that, overall, their direction of the war "could not have been worse". Despite controlling an army of 500,000 plus 100,000 Russian reinforcements, they were defeated by a German-Austrian-Bulgarian army of 910,000 in less than four months of combat.

Averescu was widely seen as the person behind a relatively successful resistance to further offensives on Moldavia (the single piece of territory still held by the Romanian state), and he was considered by many of his contemporaries to have stood in contrast to what was seen as endemic corruption and incompetence. The state of affairs, together with the October Revolution in Russia, was to be blamed for the eventual Romanian surrender to the Central Powers; promoted Premier by King Ferdinand I during the period of crisis, Averescu began armistice talks with August von Mackensen in Buftea and Focșani, but was vehemently opposed to the terms — he resigned, leaving the Alexandru Marghiloman cabinet when it signed the Treaty of Bucharest. Despite Averescu's talks yielding no result, he was repeatedly attacked by his political adversaries for having initiated them.

During the period, he also faced a Russian Bolshevik military action: just before Averescu came to power, as Russia's Leon Trotsky negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, the Rumcherod administrative body in Odessa, led by Christian Rakovsky, ordered an offensive from the east into Romania. In order to prevent further losses, Averescu signed his name to a much-criticized temporary armistice with the Rumcherod; eventually, Rakovsky was himself faced with a German offensive (sparked by the temporary breakdown of negotiations at Brest-Litovsk), and had to abandon both his command and the base in Odessa.

People's Party

Character
Averescu quit the army in the spring of 1918, aiming for a career in politics — initially, with a message that was hostile to the National Liberal Party (PNL) and its leader Ion I. C. Brătianu.

He presided over the People's Party (initially named People's League), and he was immensely popular especially among peasants after the end of the war. His force had an appealing populist message, translated into vague promises and relying on the image of the General: peasants had been promised land at the beginning of the war (and they were being rewarded with it at the very moment, through an agrarian reform that reached its full scope in 1923); they had formed the larger part of the Army, and had come to see Averescu as the one to fulfill their expectations, as well as a figure who was still commanding their allegiance. Eliza Brătianu, the PNL leader's wife, placed Averescu's ascension in the context of Greater Romania's creation through the addition of Bessarabia, Bukovina, and Transylvania (while making use of the condescending National Liberal tone towards the Romanian National Party that was emerging triumphant in previously Austro-Hungarian Transylvania):
"[The] so very harsh losses [during the war], the defeats suffered by the Old Kingdom, the traces of foreign domination in the newly acquired provinces, but most of all the state of unhealthy euphoria that had taken hold of Transylvania, who had begun, in all good faith, to believe that only she had made the union happen, all of these have created a sort of insecurity within the borders of [Greater Romania]."

As the movement initially tended to describe itself as a social trend rather than a political party, it also attracted former members of the Conservative Party (such as Constantin Argetoianu, Constantin Garoflid, and Take Ionescu), military men such as Constantin Coandă, the Democratic Nationalist Party leader A. C. Cuza, the notorious supporters of dirigisme Mihail Manoilescu and Ștefan Zeletin, the moderate nationalist Duiliu Zamfirescu, the future diplomat Citta Davila, the journalist D. R. Ioaniţescu, the left-wing agrarianist Petru Groza, the Bukovinian leader Iancu Flondor, and the lawyer Petre Papacostea. Additional support came from Transylvanian activists such as Octavian Goga and Teodor Mihali, who had previously left the Romanian National Party there in protest over the policies of its president Iuliu Maniu. Nevertheless, the People's Party did attempt to approach Maniu for an alliance at various intervals after summer 1919 (according to Argetoianu, their attempts were frustrated by King Ferdinand I, whose relationship with Maniu was cordial at the time, and who allegedly stated "Maniu is no one else's! Maniu is mine!").

The grouping also established close links with Garda Conștiinței Naționale (GCN, "The National Awareness Guard"), a reactionary group formed by the electrician Constantin Pancu, engaged in violence against communist activists in Iași (the latter were feared by Averescu as well). Nevertheless, in late 1919, Averescu and Argetoianu approached the Socialist Party of Romania and its associate, the Social Democratic Party of Transylvania and Banat, with an offer for collaboration, negotiating the matter with the parties' reformist leaders — Ioan Flueraș, Ilie Moscovici, and Iosif Jumanca. At the time, Argetoianu claimed, his conversations with Moscovici revealed the fact that the latter was growing suspicious of the party's far left wing, where "the blanket-maker Cristescu and others were agitating". Averescu proposed merging the two parties, as a distinct section, into the People's Party; he was refused, and talks broke down when the general expected the Socialists to support his electoral platform.

Impact
According to Eliza Brătianu (who was comparing Averescu with the French rebel soldier Georges Boulanger), several voices inside his movement called on Averescu to lead a republican coup d'état against King Ferdinand and her husband — a move allegedly prevented only by the general's loyalism. Argetoianu, who admitted that "I shook hands with Averescu [...] expecting a dictatorial regime", claimed that, during his stay in Italy, the general had been decisively influenced by Radicalism and the Risorgimento movement. This, in Argetoianu's view, was the cause for his repeated involvement in conspiracies; he recalled that, in 1919, Davila's house was the scene of regular reunion of officers, who plotted Brătianu's ousting and pondered dethroning the king (in this version of events, Averescu initially accepted to be proclaimed dictator, but, around October of that year, called on conspirators to renounce their plan).

Aiming to answer most of Romania's social and political issues, the League's founding document called for:
"A land reform, with the passage of the land which is at the moment expropriated only on principle [ - a reference to the 1917 promise for a land reform] into the effective and immediate ownership of villagers through the means of communes; an electoral reform, through universal suffrage, direct election, secret ballot, and compulsory voting, with representation given to ethnic minorities, since the latter would not hinder the free manifestation of political individualities; administrative decentralization."

According to Argetoianu,
"in the autumn of 1919, [Averescu's] popularity had reached its peak. In the villages, people would dream of him, some swore that they had seen him descending from an airplane into their midst, others, who had fought in the war, told that they had lived by his side in the trenches, it was through him that hopes were solidified, and he was expected of to provide a miracle for people to live a carefree and fulfilling life. His popularity was something mystical, something supernatural, and all sorts of legends had begun to surround this Messiah of the Romanian people."

Although he was also Prime Minister of Romania for three mandates (1918, 1920–1921, 1926–1927), his political success is not as spectacular as the military one. Averescu ended up as one of the pawns maneuvered by Brătianu. Argetoianu later repeatedly expressed his distaste for Averescu's hesitant stance and openness to compromise.

Second cabinet

Establishment
Initially, Brătianu approached Averescu using their shared displeasure over the Alexandru Vaida-Voevod Romanian National Party (PNR)-Peasants' Party (PȚ) cabinet; the National Liberals managed to obtain the general's renunciation of his goal to prosecute their party for alleged mis-management of Romania before and during the war, as well as his promise to respect the 1866 Constitution of Romania when carrying out the planned land reform. At the same time, Brătianu kept a tight relationship with King Ferdinand.

On March 13, 1920, he gave news of the Vaida-Voevod cabinet's dissolution, and was widely expected to call for early elections as soon as this had happened. Instead, he read a document convened with King Ferdinand, which suspended Parliament (the first legislative body in Greater Romania) for ten days — the measure was intended to give Averescu the time to negotiate a new majority in the chambers. These moves caused a vocal response from the opposition: Nicolae Iorga, who was president of the Chamber of Deputies and sided with the National Party, called for a motion of no confidence to be passed on March 26; in return, Averescu obtained the support of the monarch in dissolving the Parliament, and invested his cabinet's energies into winning the early elections by enlisting the help of county-level officials (local administration came to be dominated by People's Party officials). It carried the vote with 206 seats (223 together with Take Ionescu's Conservative-Democratic Party).

As agreements between the PNR and PȚ broke down (with the PNR awaiting for new developments), the PȚ joined Iorga's party, the Democratic Nationalists, in creating the Federation of National-Social Democracy (which also drew support from the group around Nicolae L. Lupu).

Policies
His mandate was marked by the signing of the Treaty of Trianon with Hungary, and initial steps leading to the creation of the Little Entente—formed by Romania with Czechoslovakia and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was also at this stage that Romania and the Second Polish Republic inaugurated their military alliance (see Polish–Romanian alliance). The goal to create a cordon sanitaire against Bolshevist Russia also brought him and his Minister of the Interior Argetoianu to oversee repression measures against the group of Socialist Party of Romania members who voted in favor of joining the Comintern (arrested on suspicion of "attempt against the state's security" on May 12, 1921). This came after a long debate in Parliament over the imprisonment of Mihai Gheorghiu Bujor, a Romanian citizen who had joined the Russian Red Army in Bessarabia during the later stages of the October Revolution, and who had been tried for treason. Argetoianu, who proclaimed communism to be "over in Romania", later indicated that Averescu and other members of the cabinet were hesitant about the crackdown, and that he ultimately resorted to taking initiative for the arrests — thus presenting his fellow politicians with a fait accompli.

The regions coming under Romania's administration at the end of the war still maintained their ad hoc administrative structures, including the Transylvanian Directory Council, set up and dominated by the PNR; Averescu ordered these dissolved in April, facing protest from local notabilities. At the same time, he ordered all troops to be demobilized. He unified currency around the Romanian leu, and imposed a land reform in the form in which it was to be carried out by the new Brătianu executive. In fact, the latter measure had been imposed by the outgoing PNL cabinet through the order of Ion G. Duca, in a manner which Argetoianu described as "destructive". As an initial step, Averescu's government appointed the noted activist Vasile Kogălniceanu, a deputy for Ilfov County, as rapporteur; Kogălniceanu used this position to give an account of the agrarian situation in Romania, stressing the role played by his ancestor, Constantin, in abolishing Moldavian serfdom, as well as that of his father, Mihail Kogălniceanu, in eliminating corvées throughout Romania.

The People's Party found itself hard pressed to limit the effects of the reform as promised by Duca — reason why Constantin Garoflid, seen by Argetoianu as "the Conservative and theorist of large-scale landed property", was promoted as Minister of Agriculture. Argetoianu also accused the Premier of endorsing reform in an even more radical shape, and contended that:
"[...] peasants blessed «father Averescu», who gave them land, and rallied around him even tighter. Brătianu, Duca, they were nowhere mentioned except in curses. O, human gratitude!"

In October 1920, Averescu reached an agreement with the Allied Powers, recognizing Bessarabia's union with Romania — expressing a hope for the Bolshevik government to be overthrown, it also imposed the region's cession on a projected democratic government in Russia (while calling for further negotiations between it and Romania); throughout the interwar period, the Soviet Union refused to bind itself to the provisions of the agreement. Italy also refused to ratify the document, citing, alongside various foreign interests (including its friendship with the Soviet Union), the 250 million Italian lire owed to Italian investors in Romanian state bonds.

Scandals and fall
In March 1921, Argetoianu became implicated in a scandal involving the actions of his associate Aron Schuller, who had attempted to contract a 20 million lire loan with a bank in Italy, using as collateral Romanian war bonds that he had illegally obtained from the Finance Ministry reserve.

With Nicolae Titulescu as Finance Minister, Averescu resumed the interventionist course in economic policies, but broke with tradition when he attempted to legislate a major increase in taxes and proposed nationalizations — with potential negative effects on the PNL-voting middle class. The National Liberals, through the voice of Alexandru Constantinescu-Porcu, helped exploit the rivalry between the Peasants' Party and Iorga, using the latter's rejection of Constantin Stere (a conflict sparked by Stere's support for Germany during the World War); Stere won partial elections for the deputy seat in Soroca, Bessarabia, causing a political scandal which saw all parties (including the PNR) declare their dissatisfaction. The conflict worsened during a prolonged parliamentary debate over Averescu's proposal to nationalize enterprises in Reșița (an initiative the opposition mistrusted, alleging that the new owners were to be People's Party members), when Argetoianu addressed a mumbled insult to the Peasant Party's Virgil Madgearu. Ion G. Duca of the PNL expressed his sympathies to Madgearu (who had repeated out an obscene word whispered by Argetoianu), and all opposition groups appealed to Ferdinand, asking for Averescu's recall (July 14, 1921).

Ferdinand then attempted to facilitate a fusion between the Romanian National Party and the National Liberals, but negotiations broke down after disagreements over the possible leadership. Eventually, Brătianu convened with Ferdinand his return to power, and the king called on Foreign Minister Take Ionescu to resign, thus causing a political crisis that profited the PNL and put an end to the Averescu cabinet.

Shows of popular support in Bucharest were called of by Averescu himself, after he had negotiated with Brătianu for a People's Party cabinet to be formed "at a proper time". Ionescu took over as premier until late January 1922, when he was replaced by Brătianu.

Third cabinet

New political alliances
In early 1926, the general was again named Premier, and approached the PNR and its close ally, the Peasants' Party, proposing a merger around his leadership. This met with a stiff refusal, as it seemed that the two were about to win the elections with additional support, but the king, suspicious of the left-wing credentials of the Peasants' Party, used his Royal Prerogative and nominated Averescu as premier (with PNL support).

Averescu's party was instead joined by PNR dissidents, Vasile Goldiș and Ioan Lupaș, who represented a Romanian Orthodox segment of the Transylvanian voters (rather than the Greek Catholics supporting Iuliu Maniu). The 1926 elections, which Averescu's cabinet organized in March and won with a landslide (269 mandates) also brought a massive defeat for the PNL, who held just 16 seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

Italian-Romanian Treaty
Although not fascist itself, the new government he formed displayed gestures of friendship towards Benito Mussolini's Fascist Italy, a state which advertised itself as a rising force — The Nation called Averescu "Romania's Mussolini", as "an epithet which the new premier of Rumania bestowed upon himself". Contacts established (as early as a June 1926, when Mihail Manoilescu had negotiated a loan in Rome) were one of the major points of divergence between the policies of Averescu and those of Brătianu: the former attempted to overcome the embarrassment provoked by Mussolini when, due to Romania's debt, the Italian government had recalled the ambassador and had refused to permit King Ferdinand's pre-convened visit.

The loan convened by Manoilescu and Mussolini made important concessions to Italy in return for a clarification of Romania's debt status; it also led to the signing of a five-year Friendship Treaty (September 16), widely condemned by Romanian public opinion for not having called on Italy to state its support for Romanian rule in Bessarabia, and created tension inside the Little Entente (Yugoslavia feared that Italy had attempted to gain Romania's neutrality in case of a potential irredentist conflict). Writing at the time, Constantin Vișoianu also criticized the vague terms in which the sections of the document dealing with mutual defense had been drafted:
"What have we gained from Italy through this pact? Nothing. In truth, article 3 — which does not [even] refer to Bessarabia — makes provisions for the eventuality of a violent incursion and organizes a mutual assistance system [that is] original through its Platonic love-like character."

The treaty expired in 1932, and, after being prolonged by six months, it was not renewed. Overall, the political impact of contacts was minor, given that the Italians mistrusted the Romanian movement for its traditional role as instrument for Brătianu. Referring to the parallel project to marry Princess Ileana to Prince Umberto of Italy, Averescu himself allegedly stated: "I didn't get much from Italy except a throne for a Princess of Rumania".

Averescu's controversial projects
Averescu continued to offer his support to far right groups (especially to the National-Christian Defense League formed by A. C. Cuza, his early collaborator), and probably considered assuming dictatorial powers.

The cabinet clashed with Brătianu when it was discovered that it had been negotiating in secret with the disinherited Prince Carol (a traditional adversary of the PNL) as Ferdinand's health was taking a turn for the worse (Averescu later claimed that he had been asked by Brătianu: "So, after I have brought you to power, you wish to rise and dominate?"). The PNL withdrew its support, and, through an order signed by Constantin Hiott, Averescu's was replaced by the broad coalition government of Barbu Știrbey, Brătianu's brother-in-law. The general's deposition, confirmed by King Ferdinand on his deathbed, created a vacuum on the Right, soon filled by the Iron Guard, a fascist movement formed by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (formerly an associate of Cuza's).

Late 1920s politics

The People's Party involved itself in solving the dynastic crisis after Ferdinand's death in July 1927, again approaching Carol to replace the child-king Michael and Prince Nicholas' regency. In November 1927, Averescu took the stand in the trial of his supporter Mihail Manoilescu, who was arrested after having incited pro-Carol sentiment; in his testimony, he backed the notion that, despite his initial anger, Ferdinand had ultimately planned to have Carol return to the throne.

His grouping lost much of its supporters to the newly formed National Peasants' Party, and scored under 2% in the 1927 elections. Around 1930, Averescu began opposing the universal suffrage he had endorsed earlier, and issued an appeal to the intellectuals in order to have it discarded from legislation on the basis that it was easily influenced by the parties in power. He and his supporter, the pro-authoritarian poet Octavian Goga, received criticism from the left-wing Poporanist journal Viața Românească, who claimed that Averescu had in fact provoked and encouraged widespread electoral irregularities during his time in office.

In November 1930, he filed a complaint against the poet and journalist Bazil Gruia, claiming that the latter had libeled him by publishing, in January, an article in Chemarea which began by questioning the People's Party claim that Averescu was "the only honest comrade of the Romanian peasant" and contrasted it with the general's activities during the 1907 Revolt. The trial was held in Cluj, and Gruia was represented in court by Radu R. Rosetti. On December 1, Gruia was found guilty and sentenced to 15 days in a correctional facility with reprieve, and to a fine of 3,000 lei (soon after, Gruia benefited from a pardon).

Averescu was promoted to Marshal of Romania in the same year, during the time when Carol returned to rule as King — the appointment was attributed by Time to his political support for the latter's return. According to the same source, by the end of 1930, Averescu was again at the center of Romanian politics, owing to Carol's favor, to the deaths of Ion I. C. and Vintilă Brătianu, and to the unexpected support he gained from the PNL dissident Gheorghe I. Brătianu.

Final years

He ultimately showed himself hostile to Carol's inner circle, and especially to the king's lover Magda Lupescu; consequently, Goga was instigated by Carol to take over as leader of the People's Party, and the latter attacked Averescu for "subverting [...] the traditional respect enjoyed by the Crown". The clash led to Goga's creation of the splinter National Agrarian Party, which, although never an important force, obtained more of the vote in the 1932 elections (approx. 3% compared to Averescu's 2%).

Around 1934, as the Guard proclaimed its allegiance to Nazi Germany, the Italians (still rivals of Adolf Hitler), approached Averescu (as well as Manoilescu, Nicolae Iorga, Nichifor Crainic, Cuza, Goga, and other non-Guardist reactionaries), with an offer for collaboration (see Comitati d'azione per l'universalità di Roma). This apparent alliance was, in fact, marked by major dissensions — Averescu and Iorga were routinely attacked by Crainic's Calendarul. Eventually, Averescu's group formed, in 1934, the Constitutional Front, a nationalist electoral alliance with the National Liberal Party-Brătianu, which was joined by Mihai Stelescu's Crusade of Romanianism (an Iron Guard offshoot), and the minor party created by Grigore Forțu (the Citizen Bloc); after the latter two parties disappeared, the Front survived in its original form until 1936, when it disbanded.

In 1937, despite his ongoing feud with Carol, Averescu was appointed a member of the Crown Council. Argetoianu recalled that he and the Marshal had reconciled — at a time when Argetoianu pondered rallying all opposition forces, including the National Peasants' Party, the National Liberal Party-Brătianu, and the Iron Guard, in a single electoral bloc (before the general election of December, the various groups successfully negotiated an electoral pact against the government of Gheorghe Tătărescu). Averescu, who, according to Argetoianu, declared was more interested in convincing Carol to allow his estranged wife Elena of Greece to return to Romania, remained opposed to the deal.

The following year, he was briefly minister without portfolio in the cabinet of Premier Miron Cristea, created by Carol to combat the ascension of the Iron Guard, and opposed the monarch's option to renounce the 1923 Constitution and proclaim his dictatorship (the latter move signaled the end of the People's Party), but was among the figures displayed by Carol's regime. He died soon after in Bucharest, and was buried in the World War I heroes' crypt in Mărăști. In December, the king created the National Renaissance Front as the political instrument of his authoritarian rule.

References

Bibliography

External links
FirstWorldWar.com Biography

1859 births
1938 deaths
People from Odesa Oblast
People from Bessarabia Governorate
Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Romania
People's Party (interwar Romania) politicians
Prime Ministers of Romania
Romanian Ministers of Defence
Romanian Ministers of Finance
Romanian Ministers of Foreign Affairs
Romanian Ministers of Industry and Commerce
Romanian Ministers of Interior
Members of the Senate of Romania
Field marshals of Romania
Chiefs of the General Staff of Romania
Romanian diplomats
Romanian military attachés
Leaders of political parties in Romania
Romanian Gendarmerie personnel
Romanian essayists
Romanian memoirists
Romanian anti-communists
Honorary members of the Romanian Academy
Romanian military personnel of the Second Balkan War
Romanian Army World War I generals
Recipients of the Order of Michael the Brave
People from the United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia

Alexandru Averescu


An Prosthechea farfanii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eric Alston Christenson. An Prosthechea farfanii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Prosthechea, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Prosthechea

Prosthechea farfanii


Aceasta este o listă de actori elvețieni.

A

Mario Adorf
Pasquale Aleardi
Lukas Ammann (1912)
Roland Amstutz
Ursula Andress (1936)
Elsie Attenhofer (1909-1999)

B

Jean-François Balmer (1946)
Pierre Banderet
Karim Barras
Antoine Basler
Joel Basman
Jacob Berger
Rudolf Bernhard
Daniel Bernhardt
Jean-Mario Bertschy
Jean-Luc Bideau
Yoann Blanc
Anne-Marie Blanc (1919-2009)
Jean-Alexandre Blanchet
Gaspard Boesch
Luc Bondy
Pascal Bongard
Bernard Born
Carlo Brandt
Yangzom Brauen (1980)
Pinkas Braun
Kate Burton

C
Roland Carey
Jean-Quentin Châtelain
Alain Chevallier
Pierre-Alain Clerc
David Cuñado

D
Laurent Deshusses
Ivan Desny
Georges Dimeray
Al Dubin
Jean-Pierre Duclos

E
Buddy Elias

F
Étienne Fague
Léa Fazer (1965)
Ernest Ferny
René Ferté
Daniel Fillion
Helmut Förnbacher
Ivan Frésard
Billy Frick

G
Bruno Ganz (1941)
Louis Gaulis
George Gebhardt
Viktor Giacobbo
Stephanie Glaser (1920-2011)
Teo Gheorghiu
Katerina Graham
Armen Godel
Curt Goetz
Jean-Pierre Gos
François Gremaud
Heinrich Gretler
Grock (1880-1959)

H
Bernard Haller
Mickey Hardt
Max Haufler
Emil Hegetschweiler
Franz Hohler (1943)
Max Holzboer
Max Hubacher
Paul Hubschmid

J
Irène Jacob (1966)
Claude Jaeger
Roger Jendly
Charles Joris
Thomas Jouannet

K
Khaled Khouri
Mathis Künzler
Stefan Kurt (1959)

L
 Claude Laydu
 Max Lerel
 J.P. Love
 Walo Lüönd
 Philippe Lüscher

M

Fernand Melgar (1961)
Dieter Moor (1958)
Lolita Morena
Andreas Daniel Müller (1986)

P
Daniele Finzi Pasca
Vincent Perez
Liselotte Pulver (1929)

R
Flore Revalles (1889-1966)
Muriel Roth

S

Maria Schell (1926-2005)
Maximilian Schell (1930-2014)
René Schoenenberger
Emil Steinberger (1933)
Sigfrit Steiner (1906-1988)

Y
Lale Yavas

W
Stefan Walz (1936)
Renée Weibel (1986)
Melanie Winiger (1979)
Giorgia Würth (1981)

Note

Vezi și
 Listă de regizori elvețieni

elvețieni
Actori
 Listă
Cinematografia elvețiană

Listă de actori elvețieni


Cabelo Gamer, cujo nome verdadeiro é Isaque Teixeira da Silva, Filho de Gilberto da Silva e Rosana Luciano Teixeira da Silva, é apresentador,Narrador,comentarista e criador de conteúdo gamer brasileiro. Nascido em 8 de setembro de 1997, cresceu em uma família de classe média no Itaim Paulista, na zona leste de São Paulo. Hoje uma personalidade solidificada no e-Sport Brasileiro.

Biografia e Carreira

Na adolescência teve vários empregos, como auxiliar de mecânico, lavador de carros, jovem aprendiz nas Casas Bahia, técnico de informática e até atendente de telemarketing. Embora não tenha se encontrado em nenhuma dessas profissões, aprendeu muito e amadureceu rapidamente. Isaque era um gamer apaixonado e talentoso, dedicando boa parte de seu tempo livre para jogar. Foi então que, aos 14 anos, no dia 11 de dezembro de 2012, resolveu criar um canal no YouTube para compartilhar suas experiências e dicas de jogos com outras pessoas. Com o tempo, percebeu que poderia transformar sua paixão em carreira e, aos 17 anos, decidiu largar o emprego atual e apostar tudo em sua carreira no mundo dos games. Seu pai, Gilberto da Silva, foi quem mais o ajudou, motivando e investindo em seu sonho, considerado por ele seu herói.

Com o tempo, o canal de Isaque ganhou popularidade, e ele ficou conhecido como Cabelo Gamer, em referência ao seu cabelo comprido preso em um coque samurai. Seus vídeos em meados de 2016 traziam gameplays, dicas, tutoriais e outras curiosidades sobre jogos eletrônicos. Em 2017, começou a fazer streams e destacou-se pelas suas aptidões em jogos gerais, como GTA San Andreas, Minecraft, Outlast, entre outros. Mas foi em Resident Evil 4 que ele alcançou conquistas e números ainda maiores, tornando-se um speedrunner e alcançando o top 38 mundial na categoria normal NG+.

Em meados de 2018, Cabelo começou a transmitir um novo jogo chamado Free Fire, que explodiria no futuro. Desde o início, ele teve números maiores do que em outros jogos, fazendo com que apostasse ainda mais no jogo. Em 15 de setembro de 2018, foi convidado pela Garena para ser um dos primeiros influenciadores a transmitir a fase de grupos do primeiro campeonato oficial de Free Fire do Brasil, a "Copa Brasil Free Fire". Foi lá que conheceu um dos moderadores da copa, Kawaki, que mais tarde o apresentaria a Marcelo Camargo, futuro CEO da LIGA NFA.

Depois de narrar seu primeiro campeonato sem nenhum treinamento ou preparação, Isaque gostou da energia de ser um narrador, buscou grandes referências no mercado de e-Sports e combinou com sua personalidade. Começou a narrar campeonatos comunitários, evoluindo cada vez mais seu lado caster.

O canal do Cabelo Gamer cresceu rapidamente, alcançando milhares e milhares de seguidores em todo o Brasil. No dia 7 de maio de 2019, Cabelo chegou a 100 mil inscritos no YouTube, e assim cumpriu uma promessa que havia feito a si mesmo. Ele prometeu que, quando atingisse esse número, cortaria o cabelo e doaria para o Instituto do Câncer em homenagem a uma tia próxima e a um seguidor que haviam falecido em meio à doença.

No início de 2020, Isaque recebeu a oportunidade que mudaria sua vida, tornando-se um caster oficial do cenário Emulador de Free Fire na LIGA NFA. Foi uma escolha difícil em um momento difícil de sua vida. Isaque já tinha 22 anos e trabalhava apenas como streamer, com responsabilidades gritando alto. O valor que ganhava com seus canais só permitia que ele continuasse trabalhando, e por outro lado, Isaque se sabotava muito.
Pensamentos como "você não é a melhor pessoa para essa função" e "existem pessoas melhores" o acompanhavam, mas mesmo assim decidiu aceitar a proposta.

Em 1º de abril de 2020, Cabelo Gamer é anunciado oficialmente pela LIGA NFA, se juntando ao elenco da liga ao lado de Alê Maze, Nanda Bellissimo e Joga Samuca. Cabelo criaria então uma conexão muito grande com o narrador da liga, Samuca, e então surgia "SamuCabelo", uma das duplas mais marcantes de todo o cenário de Free Fire.
Isaque evoluiu muito como profissional, e em meio a pandemia, foi se tornando uma figura influente no universo dos games, dando entrevistas, participando de eventos e campeonatos de jogos eletrônicos para todo o país.

Em março de 2021, Cabelo foi anunciado pelo canal de TV Loading como um dos apresentadores do programa "MVP: o melhor do e-sport". O novo programa teria uma dinâmica com notícias, informações, análises e entretenimento sobre o universo competitivo gamer. Cabelo Gamer apresentaria o programa ao lado de Ana Xisdê e Thauê Neves.

Neste momento, a agenda de Cabelão Jeimes estava lotada, fazendo mais coisas sem deixar de fazer o que já estava em andamento, trabalhando basicamente todos os dias sem folga e ainda reservando um tempo para fazer stream e se comunicar com o público que tanto amava. Cabelo apresentava doutrinadas às segundas, televisão na Loading às terças e quintas, NFA Ultimate às quartas e Season 5 aos sábados e domingos. O homem era uma máquina.

Três meses depois, a Loading demite seus funcionários e declara o fechamento da emissora. O tempo foi curto, mas Cabelo conseguiu extrair muito aprendizado. A Loading exercia suas funções no antigo prédio da MTV, onde diversos ícones da televisão brasileira nasceram, e a energia do local era inexplicável. Energia e aprendizado que o ajudariam a evoluir ainda mais como apresentador.

Em junho de 2021, Cabelo tomava a frente de muitos dos programas ao vivo da Booyah, plataforma de streaming da publisher do Free Fire, Garena. Cabelo apresentou programas como Booyah Futebol Clube, Booyah Hits, Desafio dos Comédias, entre outros. Participando também de um documentário sobre streamers e uma competição de games no Cartoon Network.

No fim de 2021, Cabelo recebeu uma proposta muito importante para sua carreira: o convite direto da Garena para participar do time de casters para temporada 2022 da LBFF. Para isso, Cabelo deveria deixar a Liga NFA, lugar onde amava trabalhar e sentia muita gratidão por tudo que construíram juntos. Numa difícil decisão, pois também tinha o sonho de compor o time da LBFF, desta vez o coração falou mais alto. Cabelo decidiu continuar na NFA para a temporada de 2022, se colocando disponível à Garena para projetos futuros sem total exclusividade.

E foi em agosto de 2022 que, ao lado de Luisa Saro, Camila 'Opz Milla' Brandão, Diego 'Hads', Bruno 'MRT' Santos e Rodrigo 'Digo' Soares, fizeram acontecer o maior evento emulador presencial aberto ao público, promovido pela LIGA NFA no HOPI HARI: a Final da Copa NFA no HOPI GAMING FESTIVAL, contando com dezenas de pessoas acompanhando presencialmente e milhares online nos canais da NFA.

Em meio a altos e baixos, chegando em 2023, novidades e oportunidades batendo na porta novamente. Desta vez, a oportunidade de fazer Liga NFA e Garena juntas. Cabelo estaria no maior campeonato emulador independente do mundo e no mais alto escalão das competições mobile. Muita responsabilidade e desafio na mesa, finalmente um de seus maiores sonhos, que era estar nos dois maiores cenários simultaneamente sem divergência, estava sendo concretizado.
Atualmente, o Cabelo segue com sua agenda lotada novamente, fazendo NFA, Garena e, com certeza, suas streams. Lembrando sempre do público que esteve ao seu lado em momentos bons e ruins e nunca o abandonou, apoiando-o onde quer que vá.

Cabelo gamer


An Xanthorrhoea semiplana in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ferdinand von Mueller. An Xanthorrhoea semiplana in nahilalakip ha genus nga Xanthorrhoea, ngan familia nga Xanthorrhoeaceae.

Subspecies

Ini nga species ginbahin ha masunod nga subspecies:

 X. s. semiplana
 X. s. tateana

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Xanthorrhoea

Xanthorrhoea semiplana


is a village consisting of the islands of Kitadaitōjima and Okidaitōjima of Shimajiri District, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.

As of October 2016, the village has an estimated population of 615 and a density of 47 persons per km2. The total area is 13.10  km2. All of the inhabitants live on Kitadaitōjima.

Climate
Kitadaitō has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen climate classification Af) with very warm summers and mild winters. Precipitation is significant throughout the year; the wettest month is June and the driest month is February. The island is subject to frequent typhoons.

History
Kitadaitōjima remained uninhabited until formally claimed by the Empire of Japan in 1885. In 1900, a team of pioneers from Hachijōjima became the first human inhabitants of the island, and started the cultivation of sugar cane from 1903. Until World War II, Kitadaitōjima was owned in its entirety by Dai Nippon Sugar (now Dai Nippon Meiji Sugar), which also operated mines for the extraction of guano for use in fertilizer. After World War II, the island was occupied by the United States. The village of Kitadaitō was established in 1946. The island was returned to Japan in 1972.

Economy

Formerly heavily dependent on phosphate mining, the village economy is now based on cultivation of sugar cane, commercial fishing, and seasonal tourism. There is no port on the island and ships must be loaded/offloaded by crane.

Transport
The island has an airport, Kitadaito Airport, with one flight a day to Minami-Daito Airport

Education

There is the Kitadaito Village Kitadaito Elementary-Junior High School (北大東村立北大東小中学校 Kitadaitō Sonritsu Kitadaitō Shōchūgakkō) and the Kitadaito Village Kitadaito Kindergarten (北大東村立北大東幼稚園 Kitadaitō Sonritsu Kitadaitō Yōchien'').

References

External links

 Kitadaitō official website
 Kitadaito Elementary-Junior High School

Villages in Okinawa Prefecture
Daitō Islands
Populated coastal places in Japan

Kitadaitō, Okinawa