Ereignisse

 Das Lustspiel Die Juden von Gotthold Ephraim Lessing hat seine Uraufführung in Berlin.
 3. Januar: In Kopenhagen erscheint erstmals die Kjøbenhavnske Danske Post-Tidender, der Vorläufer der heutigen dänischen Zeitung Berlingske Tidende.
 28. Februar: Zum einzigen Mal macht die Marquise de Pompadour eine Ausnahme und nimmt mit Alzire ihres Favoriten Voltaire eine Tragödie in den Spielplan am Hof von Versailles auf. Keine einzige Tragödie Racines oder Corneilles war im Gegensatz dazu gespielt worden. Für die Wiederholung des Stücks konnte die Mätresse Ludwig XV. sogar durchsetzen, dass der Autor des jeweiligen Stückes anwesend sein durfte. Diese später Ehrung erfuhr Voltaire nur ein einziges Mal. Andere Theaterautoren erreichten diese Ehrung nicht, da die Theatertruppe aus finanziellen Gründen wenig später eingestellt wurde.
 24. Juli: Denis Diderot wird für einige Wochen in Vincennes inhaftiert: Grund war die Veröffentlichung von Pensées philosophiques und Lettre sur les aveugles.
 Der deutsche Dichter und preußische Offizier Ewald Christian von Kleist wird zum Stabskapitän befördert.
 Oliver Goldsmith graduiert mit einem Bachelor of Arts am Trinity College in Dublin.
 10. September: Nach dem Tod von Émilie du Châtelet akzeptiert Voltaire die Einladung Friedrich II. nach Preußen, der er im folgenden Sommer nachkommen wird.

Neuerscheinungen

Bücher

 John Cleland – The Case of the Unfortunate Bosavern Penlez
 John Gilbert Cooper – The Life of Socrates
 Henry Fielding
 The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling
 The True State of the Case of Bosavern Penlez (als Antwort auf Cleland)
 Sarah Fielding
 The Governess
 Remarks on 'Clarissa
 Eliza Haywood – Dalinda
 Aaron Hill – Gideon
 William Mason – Isis
 Gilbert West – Odes of Pindar

Drama
 Anonymous – Tittle Tattle (Adaption von Swift's Genteel and Ingenious Conversations)
 Carlo Goldoni – La vedova scaltra; La putta onorata
 William Hawkins – Henry and Rosamund
 Aaron Hill – Meropé
 Samuel Johnson – Irene
 Gotthold Ephraim Lessing – Die Juden; Samuel Henzi
 Jean-François Marmontel – Aristomène, Tragödie
 Tobias Smollett – The Regicide
 James Thomson – Coriolanus
 Voltaire – Nanine und Sémiramis

Lyrik
 John Brown, On Liberty
 William Collins:
 Ode Occasion'd by the Death of Mr. Thomson – James Thomson died in August 1748
 "The Passions"
 Thomas Cooke – An Ode on Beauty, anonym veröffentlicht
 Joseph Dumbleton – "A RHAPSODY on RUM", ein populäres Gedicht über die zerstörerische Wirkung des Rum-Genusses; zunächst in der South Carolina Gazette veröffentlicht und später in diversen Tageszeitungen des kolonialen Nordamerikas veröffentlicht
 Aaron Hill – Gideon; or, The Patriot
 Samuel Johnson – The Vanity of Human Wishes: The tenth satire of Juvenal, imitated
 Henry Jones – Poems on Several Occasions
 Ewald Christian von Kleist – Der Frühling
 William Mason – Isis: An elegy
 Edward Moore – An ode to David Garrick upon the talk of the town
 Johann Peter Uz – Lyrische Gedichte
 Gilbert West – Odes of Pindar

Sachbuch/Wissenschaftliche Literatur
 Joseph Ames – Typographical Antiquities
 George Berkeley – A Word to the Wise
 Thomas Birch – Historical view of Negotiations between the Courts of England, France and Brussels 1592-1617
 John Brown – On Liberty
 William Rufus Chetwood – A General History of the Stage
 Étienne Bonnot de Condillac – Essai sur l'origine des connaissances humaines
 Denis Diderot –  Lettre sur les aveugles à l'usage de ceux qui voient
 David Hartley – Observations on Man, his Frame, his Duty, and his Expectations
 David Hume – Enquiry concerning Human Understanding; Three Essays
 Samuel Johnson – The Vanity of Human Wishes
 William Law – The Spirit of Prayer
 Aeschil Nordholm – Jemtlands Djurfänge
 Lauritz de Thurah – Den Danske Vitruvius, volume II
 Paul Rapin de Thoyras – Kurze Begründung oder Kern der Historie von England bis zu dem Tode der Königin Anna.
 Henry St. John – Letters on the Spirit of Patriotism
 Voltaire – Sermon des cinquante
 John Wesley – A Plain Account of the People Called Methodists

Geboren

 13. Januar: Friedrich Müller, deutscher Maler, Kupferstecher und Dichter des Sturm und Drang († 1825)
 16. Januar: Vittorio Alfieri, italienischer Dichter († 1803)

 17. Februar: Nikolaus Kindlinger, deutscher katholischer Priester, Handschriften- und Siegelsammler, Archivar, Herausgeber und Literat († 1819)
 10. März: Lorenzo da Ponte, italienischer Librettist in Wien († 1838)
 16. März: Joseph Richter, österreichischer Schriftsteller († 1813)
 17. März: Charles-Nicolas Favart, französischer Schauspieler und Schriftsteller († 1806)
 25. März: Johanne Friederike Lohmann, deutsche Schriftstellerin († 1811)
 26. März: Karl Martin Plümicke, deutscher Bühnenautor († 1833)
 9. April: Camillo Federici, italienischer Lustspieldichter († 1802)
 19. April: Ōta Nampo, japanischer Schriftsteller († 1823)
 4. Mai: Charlotte Turner Smith, englische Schriftstellerin, Dichterin und Übersetzerin französischer Prosa († 1806)
 5. Juni: Jenny von Voigts, deutsche Schriftstellerin und Tochter von Justus Möser († 1814)
 21. August: Edvard Storm, norwegischer Lyriker und Pädagoge († 1794)
 28. August: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, deutscher Dichter und Gelehrter († 1832)
 29. August: Franz Heinrich Bispink, deutscher Schriftsteller, Buchhändler und Verleger († 1820)
 31. August: Alexander Nikolajewitsch Radischtschew, russischer Philosoph und Schriftsteller († 1802)
 1. September: Lorenz Leopold Haschka, österreichischer Lyriker († 1827)
 7. September: Anton Matthias Sprickmann, deutscher Schriftsteller und Jurist († 1833)
 8. September: Dominique Joseph Garat, französischer Politiker und Schriftsteller († 1833)
 11. September: Justus Perthes, deutscher Buchhändler und Verleger († 1816)
 17. November: Johann Erich Biester, deutscher Philosoph († 1815)
 27. Dezember: Sophie Eleonore von Kortzfleisch, deutsche Schriftstellerin († 1823)
 ohne Datum: Johann Christian Henrici, deutscher Rhetoriker und Altertumsforscher († 1818)
 ohne Datum: Menachem Mendel Lefin, hebräischer Schriftsteller und bedeutender Repräsentant der ersten Periode der galizisch-russischen Haskala († 1826)

Gestorben

 22. Januar: Matthew Concanen, englischer Dichter (* 1701)
 Mai: Samuel Boyse, englischer Dichter und Dramatiker (* 1708)
 9. Mai: Salomo Heinrich Vestring, livländischer Geistlicher und Literat, Autor eines der ersten umfassenden estnisch-deutschen Wörterbücher (* 1663)
 19. Juni: Ambrose Philips, englischer Dichter (* 1675)
 17. Juli: Samuel Henzi, Schweizer Schriftsteller, Politiker und Revolutionär (* 1701)
 13. August: Johann Elias Schlegel, deutscher Dichter, Jurist und Dichtungstheoretiker (* 1719)
 10. September: Émilie du Châtelet, französische Mathematikerin, Physikerin, Philosophin, Freundin von Voltaire und Übersetzerin von Isaac Newton's Principia sowie Salonière (* 1706)
 19. September: Johann Friedrich Menz, deutscher Philosoph, Literaturwissenschaftler und Physiker (* 1673)
 20. November: Beat Ludwig von Muralt, Schweizer Vertreter der frühen Aufklärung und des radikalen Pietismus (* 1665)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

!Literaturjahr 1749

Literaturjahr 1749


Auto moto savez u Bosni i Hercegovini (AMSuBiH), auto-moto udruženje u Bosni i Hercegovini.

Povijest
Zasluge za pokretanje pripadaju Hrvatima u Bosni i Hercegovini. Godine 1992. uz rujnu osnovan je Automobil klub "Herceg-Bosna". Članovi su bili 12 auto moto klubova s područja Herceg-Bosne, do rata u sastavu Auto-moto saveza Bosne i Hercegovine. Godine 1997. registriran je kao federalna udruga građana kod Federalnog ministarstva pravde. Područje djelovanja je Bosna i Hercegovina. Godine 2001. godine promijenio je ime u Savez hrvatskih auto-moto klubova u Bosni i Hercegovini - HAKBIH. Nova registracija bila je 2005. Time je registriran na državnoj razini kod Ministarstva pravde Bosne i Hercegovine, pri čemu je promijenio ime u Asocijacija auto-moto klubova u Bosni i Hercegovini - AAMKBIH. Nova promjena imena bila je 2014., kad je promijenila ime u Auto moto savez u Bosni i Hercegovini - AMSuBiH.

Struktura
Čine ga članovi i udruženi auto-moto klubovi. Učlanjivanje je izravno ili preko udruženih auto-moto klubova. Tijela saveza su skupština, upravni odbor, nadzorni odbor i sud časti. Skupštinom i upravnim odborom predsjeda predsjednik Saveza. Uz predsjednika je i dopredsjednik.

Aktivnosti
Savez poduzima članske aktivnosti, službu pomoći na cesti, izdaje međunarodne vozačke isprave za putovanje u inozemstvo (međunarodna vozačka dozvola,  dozvola za upravljanje tuđim vozilom u inozemstvu), prometno-preventivne i edukacijske aktivnosti (radi sigurnosti u prometu i dr.), športske i turističke aktivnosti. U športske aktivnosti spada organiziranje športskih natjecanja kao što su auto slalom, brdske i brzinske auto i motociklističke utrke, enduro, motokros, utrke terenskih vozila, utrke kartinga, moto susreti) i dr., zatim osposobljavanje mladeži za vozače kartinga, osposobljavanje sudaca športskih natjecanja i ostalo. Prometno-preventivne i edukacijeske aktivnosti sprovodi putem putem auto-moto klubova, u suradnji s osnovnim školama, stanicama za tehnički pregled motornih vozila,  Centrom za vozila, Ministarstvima unutarnjih poslova županija i Ministarstvima prosvjete, znanosti, kulture i športa. AMSuBiH djeluje u šest županija u kojima ima svoje udružene auto-moto klubove: Hercegovačko-neretvanska, Zapadno-hercegovačka, Hercegbosanska, Posavska, Srednje-bosanska i u dijelu Zeničko-dobojske županije (područje Usore i Žepča).

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
AMSuBiH

Cestovni promet u Bosni i Hercegovini
Bosanskohercegovačke udruge

Auto moto savez u Bosni i Hercegovini


Pedro Júnior (født 29. januar 1987) er en brasiliansk fodboldspiller.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Brasilien

Pedro Júnior


Dale ist ein Einschlagkrater am östlichen Rand der Mondvorderseite.
Das Gebiet ist aufgrund dieser Lage von der Erde aus wenn überhaupt, dann nur stark verzerrt sichtbar.
Der Krater liegt südlich des Mare Smythii, südöstlich des Kraters Kästner und nordöstlich von Ansgarius.
Er ist stark erodiert.

Der Krater wurde 1976 von der IAU nach dem britischen Biochemiker und Nobelpreisträger Henry Hallett Dale offiziell benannt.

Weblinks

 Dale auf The-Moon Wiki

Einzelnachweise

Einschlagkrater (Mond)

Dale (Mondkrater)


يوهان بالتازار شوب Johann Balthasar Schupp (ولد في 1 مارس 1610 في جيسن – ومات في 26 أكتوبر 1661 في هامبورغ) هو كاتب ساخر وشاعر روحي ألماني.

حياته

درس شوب اللاهوت والفلسفة في ماربورغ. وقام في سنة 1628 برحلة عبر جنوب ألمانيا ومنطقة بحر البلطيق. بدأ التدريس في جامعة ماربورغ بعد حصوله على درجة الماجستير في روستوك سنة 1631. هرب إلى هولندا خوفا من اضطرابات الحرب ومن الطاعون. شغل كرسي التاريخ والبلاغة في عام 1643. وعمل قسيسا في كنيسة إليزابيت في عام 1643. وحصل في سنة 1645 على درجة الدكتوراه في اللاهوت.

وبعد أن فقد جميع ممتلكاته أثناء احتلال ماربورغ سنة 1646، عمل واعظا في بلاط أمير هيسن ودارمشتات ومستشارا في مجمع الكرادلة في براوْباخ. وفي سنة 1649 أصبح رئيسا للقسس في كنيسة ياكوبي في هامبورغ، حيث اكتسب شهرة عن قوته الخطابية الأسطورية.

صدر في عام 1657 قرار بمنع نشر أعماله بسبب كتاباته الساخرة في هامبورغ، فاتجه إلى النشر في فولفنبوتل. ألف شوب العديد من الكتابات التربوية، كما أنه يعتبر شاعرا روحيا ذا قيمة رفيعة.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أدب القرن 17
أدب باللغة الألمانية
أشخاص من غيسن
أشخاص من ماربورغ
أشخاص من هامبورغ
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة ماربورغ
كتاب من هامبورغ
كتاب هجائيون ألمان
كتاب وكاتبات ألمان
مواليد 1610
مواليد في غيسن
هجاء
وفيات 1661
وفيات في هامبورغ

يوهان بالتازار شوب


فيرميلهينو  ، من مواليد 9 مارس 1959 ، لاعب كرة قدم برتغالي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب البرتغال لكرة القدم.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية برتغاليون
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من ساو جواو دا ماديرا
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري البرتغالي الممتاز
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1984
لاعبو بورتو
لاعبو سبورتينغ براغا
لاعبو كرة قدم برتغاليون
لاعبو منتخب البرتغال لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي إيسبينهو
لاعبو نادي تشافيس
مواليد 1959
مواليد في ساو جواو دا ماديرا
رياضيون من محافظة أفييرو
لاعبو كرة قدم من محافظة أفييرو

فيرميلهينو


Gabriel Périès (né en 1961), politologue et enseignant-chercheur français.
 Jacques Périès (1736-1797), membre de la Convention, député au Conseil des Cinq-Cents.

Périès


NGC 107 este o galaxie spirală situată în constelația Balena. A fost descoperită în 14 ianuarie 1866 de către astronomul Otto Struve.

Note

Vezi și
 NGC 106
 NGC 108

Legături externe
 NGC 107 pe spider.seds.org
 NGC 107 pe WikiSky

Galaxii spirale
Obiecte NGC
Constelația Balena
Obiecte astronomice descoperite de Otto Wilhelm von Struve
Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1866

NGC 107


معوض إسماعيل هو ممثل ومؤدي صوت مصري الجنسية والنشأة والإقامة من مواليد 18 ديسمبر 1982 بمدينة القاهرة. ظهرت بدايات معوض إسماعيل في المسرح المدرسي، وصولًا إلى كونه أحد أبطال مسلسل بوجي وطمطم منذ صغره ولكنه انقطع بعد وفاة المخرج والكاتب محمود رحمي، بفتره طويله خاصه بعد مسلسل طيور الشمس الذي حقق نجاح باهر في أثناء عرضه على التلفاز المحلي المصري وعمل في عالم الشخصيات الكارتونيه من الرسوم المتحركة المختلفة كما شارك مؤخرا في بعض المسلسلات التلفزيونية.

الأعمال

مسلسلات

 فارس الرومانسية - محمود
 9 شارع سلام
 البحار مندي - اشرف إخراج /هاني لاشين عام 2001
 طيور الشمس - جودة إخراج /هاني لاشين عام 2001
 اعيش في جلباب ابي
 - عبد الوهاب عام 1995
 في قلب الليل - جعفر
مجلة دنيا الأطفال إخراج /يحيي زكريا عام 1991
حكايات شنكل إخراج / رحمي عام 1994
قطار المستغفرين إخراج/زكريا يوسف عام 1995
بوجي وطمطم والفانوس السحري إخراج / رحمي عام 1994
بوجي وطمطم ومحطة فلافيلو إخراج / رحمي
حديقة المعرفة إخراج / حمدي الإبراشي عام 1993
سمسم وسماسم في المعمل / إخراج / حمدي الإبراشي عام 1994
كنز المعرفة / إخراج سعيد الرشيدي عام 1994
الإمام ابن حنبل /إخراج /حسام الدين مصطفي عام 1997
الإمام ابن حزم إخراج /حسام الدين مصطفي عام 1998
نسر الشرق ج1إخراج /حسام الدين مصطفي عام 2000
نسر الشرق ج2 إخراج /استيفان منير عام 2001
المغامرون الخمسة إخراج / عبد الرحمن عبيس
الحنين إلي الماضي إخراج / هاني لاشين
راجعلك يا اسكندرية  إخراج / هاني لاشين عام 2003
جامعة بابا إخراج / حمدي النبوي عام 2007
فارس الرومانسية / إخراج صفوت القشيري عام 2003
عزبة القرود /إخراج حمدي الإبراشي عام 1993
ألف توتة وتوتة إخراج / أنعام الجريتلي عام 1995
شادي ورحلة الفضاء إخراج /عبد الهادي طه عام 1998
هاي سكول إخراج/ عادل يحيي عام 2008
غابة الأصدقاء إخراج /خالد بهجت عام 1997
أوبريت حورس إخراج / رحمي
ظاظا وجرجير ج1 إخراج /ليالي بدر عام 2004
ظاظا وجرجير ج2 إخراج /خالد الخميسي عام 2005
ظاظا وجرجير ج3 إخراج /عرابي الخميسي عام 2006
ظاظا وجرجير ج4 إخراج /هيثم الخميسي عام 2007
ظاظا وجرجير ج5 إخراج /أحمد مختار عام 2008
مشاعر في البورصة إخراج / مدحت السباعي عام 2009
الهاربة الجزء التاني إخراج /يوسف شرف الدين عام 2010
ما تخافوش إخراج /يوسف شرف الدين عام 2009
هارون الرشيد إخراج /أحمد توفيق عام 1996
مسرحية عصافير الجنة إخراج/محمد عبد المعطي عام 1992
مسلسل توشكي إخراج /فتحي عبد الستار عام 2000
مسلسل رحلة الأحلام إخراج /فتحي عبد الستار عام 2002
مدرسة الكورة إخراج /فتحي عبد الستار عام 2001
كانت هنا شجرة إخراج / أيمن عبيس عام 1996
فريق الخمسة ونص إخراج / أيمن عبيس عام 1996
الماسة العجيبة إخراج / أحمد مجدي عام 1996
ساعدونا تلاقونا إخراج / أيمن عبيس عام 2001
حرب الشيكولاتة إخراج / حامد عبدالعزيزعام 2000
9 شارع السلام إخراج / حامد عبدالعزيزعام 2002
مذكرات حرامي إخراج /ياسر زايدعام 2009
الزائرون من الفضاء إخراج /ماهر إبراهيم
حكايات العلماء إخراج / زكريا يوسف عام 2001
دو ري مي إخراج / وائل فهمي عبد الحميد عام 1995
زمن عماد الدين إخراج / هاني لاشين عام 2002
سهرة أحلام مستحيلة إخراج / حامد عبد العزيز عام 2000
برنامج أوعي وشك إخراج / محمود سليم عام 2001
أعياد ومناسبات إخراج /عماد سالم
الزائرون إخراج /أنعام الجريتلي
مناسبات إسلامية إخراج وفيق وجدي عام 1997
روائع الأدب إخراج /أنعام الجريتلي عام 1998
مدرسة الأحلام إخراج/ حامد عبدالعزيزعام2000
غابة المعرفة إخراج/ عبد الرحمن عبيس عام 1995
سهرة التحويلة إخراج/ عماد سالم

أفلام
 الحوت الأزرق 2020
 الحرامى (فيلم قصي)
 سامي أكسيد الكربون إخراج أكرم فريد عام 2011
 أمن دولت إخراج أكرم فريد عام 2011
 إيي يو سي إخراج أكرم فريد عام 2010
 يمين طلاق / إخراج علي عبد الخالق عام 2000
فيلم ياباني أصلي قصير إخراج /أحمد مكي عام 2002
فيلم الحاسة السابعة قصير إخراج / أحمد مكي عام 2003
فيلم لازم نقول لأ
فيلم آخر النهار إخراج /أحمد ماهر عام 1996

رسوم متحركة
 الأزهر - خالد
عائلة رمضان كريم ج 1/2
زووووو
بكار 2016
 آفاتار: أسطورة أنج - هارو، جيت
 الأميرة والضفدع - ريجي
 أوليفر وشركاه - تيتو (النسخة العربية الفصحى)
 بولت - لوي
 تنة ورنة - بوب ج1.2.3
 داندي والسيد ورطة - داندي
 داني الشبح - عوني، سيد زعتر
 الحياة في البرية - لاري
 الجاسوسات - آرنولد
 جاك التنين الخارق - جاك
 جيمي نيوترون: الفتى العبقري - أبو شجاعة، نمس بندق، بروفيسور كالاميتوس
 جيمي و تيمي يلتقيان - تيمي ترنر
 جون - بيتر بان
 الرجل العنكبوت (مسلسل 2008) - بيتر باركر - الرجل العنكبوت
 ستيتش! - د. هامش الليل
 سلاحف النينجا - مايكل أنجلو
 سندريلا - جاد (النسخة العربية الفصحى)
 ظاظا وجرجير - ظاظا
 عالم الطباشير - شهاب
 فان بوي وتشام تشام - فان بوي
 فارس وفادي - فؤاد (الموسم الثاني)، كارم، شهاب، دكتور تحسين
 الفرقة السرية لمحاربة الأشرار - القائد بابي
 فروج القلة - فروج القلة
 فندق ترانسلفانيا - واين
 القبطان عزوز (الجزء الثاني والثالث)
 قصص الحيوان في القرآن - غراب هابيل
 كابا مايكي - مايكي سايمون
 كركور وفرفور وزرزور (الصوت الأول)
 مارتن ميستري - مارتن ميستري
 مارد وشوشني - سيارة مارد الجديدة
 مدرسة الإمبراطور الجديدة - أوزكر
 مغامرات دورا - خريطة
 منزل لاود - لنكولن لاود
 ميكي وترانيم عيد الميلاد - تيم الصغير، مول
 هيا ارنولد - فتى السلم، وولفغانغ
 الأبوان السحريان - تيمي ترنر، دكتور يمكن
 ويني الدبدوب - كريم أمين
المومياء (أليكس أوكونيل )
troll hunter
ماني الحرفاني
بليز والشاحنات العملاقة
عالم سمسم
بيتر بان (جون)
منزل لاود
أديب في المحيط
أديب في الفضاء
روبن هود تليفزيون
مابيت شو( كيرمت )
الفواكه تليفزيون
السنافر تليفزيون
تاف بابي
فليبر أندلوباكا
ظاظا وجرجير ج1:6
المغامرون الخمسة (زكي هاكر )
توتو وبيجاما
وظوظ وبطبط
فرانكي وفرانك
فيلم مهم جدا
موتو وباتلو
فيلم حاتم الطائي (نظرول )

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

صفحة الممثل على موقع السينما

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ممثلون مصريون
مواليد 1403 هـ
مواليد 1982

معوض إسماعيل


Niels Christen Bendix Bjarnesen (23. februar 1879 i Vestmannaeyjasókn, Rangárvallasýsla, Island-?) var en islandsk buntmager og idrætspioner medlem af Københavns FF.

Bendix Bjarnesen var medstifter af Københavns Fodsports-Forening (senere Københavns Idræts Forening) på Alfred Benses ungkarleværelse på Blegdamsvej 128, da tolv unge løbs- og gangsportsentusiaster 24. oktober 1892 stiftende den første atletikforening i Danmark.

Bendix Bjarnesen udvandrede 1919 till USA.

Eksterne henvisninger/kilder
 Københavns Idræts-Forening – Københavns Fodsports-Forening 24. oktober 1942 50 Aar. Udgivet i anledning af Københavns Idræts Forenings 50 års jubilæum 24. oktober 1942. Chr. Christiansens bogtrykkeri, København. 1942.
 KIF 100 Aar – Københavns Idrætsforening 24. oktober 1992. Udgivet i anledning af Københavns Idræts Forenings 100 års jubilæum 24. oktober 1992.

Personer fra Island
Idrætsledere fra Island

Niels Christen Bendix Bjarnesen


Byzantine Greece has a history that mainly coincides with that of the Byzantine Empire itself.

Background: Roman Greece

The Greek peninsula became a Roman protectorate in 146 BC, and the Aegean islands were added to this territory in 133 BC. Athens and other Greek cities revolted in 88 BC, and the peninsula was crushed by the Roman general Sulla. The Roman civil wars devastated the land even further, until Augustus organized the peninsula as the province of Achaea in 27 BC.

Greece was a typical eastern province of the Roman Empire. The Romans sent colonists there and contributed new buildings to its cities, especially in the Agora of Athens, where the Agrippeia of Marcus Agrippa, the Library of Titus Flavius Pantaenus, and the Tower of the Winds, among others, were built. Romans tended to be philhellenic and Greeks were generally loyal to Rome.

Life in Greece continued under the Roman Empire much the same as it had previously, and Greek continued to be the lingua franca in the Eastern and most important part of the Empire. Roman culture was heavily influenced by classical Greek culture (see Greco-Roman) as Horace said, Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit (Translation: "Captive Greece took captive her rude conqueror"). The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and authors such as Seneca the Younger wrote using Greek styles, while famous Romans such as Scipio Africanus, Julius Caesar and Marcus Aurelius compiled works in the Greek language.

During that period, Greek intellectuals such as Galen or Apollodorus of Damascus were continuously being brought to Rome. Within the city of Rome, Greek was spoken by Roman elites, particularly philosophers, and by lower, working classes such as sailors and merchants. The emperor Nero visited Greece in 66, and performed at the Olympic Games, despite the rules against non-Greek participation. He was, of course, honored with a victory in every contest, and in 67 he proclaimed the freedom of the Greeks at the Isthmian Games in Corinth, just as Flamininus had over 200 years previously.

Hadrian was also particularly fond of the Greeks; before he became emperor he served as eponymous archon of Athens. He also built his namesake arch there, and had a Greek lover, Antinous.

At the same time, Greece and much of the rest of the Roman east came under the influence of Christianity. The apostle Paul had preached in Corinth and Athens, and Greece soon became one of the most highly Christianized areas of the empire.

Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire (4th century)

During the second and third centuries, Greece was divided into provinces including Achaea, Macedonia, Epirus vetus and Thracia. During the reign of Diocletian in the late 3rd century, the western Balkans were organized as a Roman diocese, and was ruled by Galerius. Under Constantine I Greece was part of the dioceses of Macedonia and Thrace. The eastern and southern Aegean islands formed the province of Insulae in the Diocese of Asia.

Greece faced invasions from the Heruli, Goths, and Vandals during the reign of Theodosius I. Stilicho, who acted as regent for Arcadius, evacuated Thessaly when the Visigoths invaded in the late 4th century. Arcadius' Chamberlain Eutropius allowed Alaric to enter Greece, and he looted Corinth, and the Peloponnese. Stilicho eventually drove him out around 397 and Alaric was made magister militum in Illyricum. Eventually, Alaric and the Goths migrated to Italy, sacked Rome in 410, and built the Visigothic Empire in Iberia and southern France, which lasted until 711 with the advent of the Arabs.

Greece remained part of the relatively unified eastern half of the empire. Contrary to outdated visions of late antiquity, the Greek peninsula was most likely one of the most prosperous regions of the Roman and later the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire. Older scenarios of poverty, depopulation, barbarian destruction and civil decay have been revised in light of recent archaeological discoveries. In fact, the polis, as an institution, appears to have remained prosperous until at least the sixth century. Contemporary texts such as Hierocles' Synecdemus affirm that in late Antiquity, Greece was highly urbanised and contained approximately 80 cities. This view of extreme prosperity is widely accepted today, and it is assumed between the 4th and 7th centuries AD, Greece may have been one of the most economically active regions in the eastern Mediterranean.

Following the loss of Alexandria and Antioch to the Arabs, Thessaloniki became the Byzantine Empire's second largest city, called the "co-regent" (symbasileuousa), second only to Constantinople. The Greek peninsula remained one of the strongest centers of Christianity in the late Roman and early Byzantine periods. After the area's recovery from the Slavic invasions, its wealth was restored. Events such as the Seljuk invasion of Asia Minor and the Latin occupation of Constantinople gradually focused Byzantine imperial interest to the Greek peninsula during the late Byzantine period. The Peloponnese in particular continued to prosper economically and intellectually even during its Latin domination, the Byzantine recovery, and until its final fall to the Ottoman Empire.

Further invasions and reorganization (5th–8th centuries)

Greece was raided in Macedonia in 479 and 482 by the Ostrogoths under their king, Theodoric the Great (493–526). The Bulgars also raided Thrace and the rest of northern Greece in 540 and on repeated other occasions.  These continuing Bulgar invasions required the Byzantine Empire to build a defensive wall, called the "Anastasian Wall," that extended for some thirty (30) miles, or more, from the city of Selymbria (now Silivri) to the Black Sea.  The Huns and Bulgars raided Greece in 559 until the Byzantine army returned from Italy, where Justinian I had been attempting to capture the heart of the Roman Empire.

According to historical documents, the Slavs invaded and settled in parts of Greece beginning in 579 and Byzantium nearly lost control of the entire peninsula during the 580s. However, there is no archaeological evidence indicating Slavic penetration of imperial Byzantine territories before the end of the 6th century. Overall, traces of Slavic culture in Greece are very rare.

The city of Thessaloniki remained unconquered even after being attacked by the Slavs around 615. The Slavs were eventually defeated, gathered by the Byzantines and placed into segregated communities known as Sclaviniae.

In 610, Heraclius became Emperor. During his reign, Greek became the official language of the empire.

During the early 7th century, Constans II made the first mass-expulsions of Slavs from the Greek peninsula to the Balkans and central Asia Minor. Justinian II defeated and destroyed most of the Sclaviniae, and moved as many as 100–200,000 Slavs from the Greek peninsula to Bithynia, while he enlisted some 30,000 Slavs in his army.

The Slavic populations that were placed in these segregated communities were used for military campaigns against the enemies of the Byzantines. In the Peloponnese, more Slavic invaders brought disorder to the western part of the peninsula, while the eastern part remained firmly under Byzantine domination. Empress Irene organised a military campaign which liberated those territories and restored Byzantine rule to the region, but it was not until emperor Nicephorus I's reign that the last trace of Slavic element was eliminated: when the Slavs first occupied the Peloponnese in the 6th century, a number Greeks had fled Patras and found refuge near Reggio Calabria, in southern Italy; the descendants of these refugees were ordered to return by Nicephorus, who resettled them in the Peloponnese.

In the mid-7th century, the empire was reorganized into "themes" by the Emperor Constans II, including the Theme of Thrace, the naval Karabisianoi corps in southern Greece and the Aegean islands. The Karabisanoi were later divided by Justinian II into the Theme of Hellas (centred on Corinth) and the Cibyrrhaeotic Theme. By this time, the Slavs were no longer a threat to the Byzantines since they had been either defeated numerous times or placed in the Sclaviniae. The Slavic communities in Bithynia were destroyed by the Byzantines after General Leontios lost to the Arabs in the Battle of Sebastopolis in 692, as a result of the Slavs having defected to the Arab side.

These themes rebelled against the iconoclast emperor Leo III in 727 and attempted to set up their own emperor, although Leo defeated them. Leo then moved the headquarters of the Karabisianoi to Anatolia and created the Cibyrrhaeotic Theme of them. Up to this time, Greece and the Aegean were still technically under the ecclesiastic authority of the Pope, but Leo also quarreled with the Papacy and gave these territories to the Patriarch of Constantinople. As emperor, Leo III, introduced more administrative and legal reforms than had been promulgated since the time of Justinian.  Meanwhile, the Arabs began their first serious raids in the Aegean. Bithynia was eventually re-populated by Greek-speaking population from mainland Greece and Cyprus.

Bulgarian and Arab threats and Byzantine victory (8th–11th centuries)

Nicephorus I also began to reconquer Slavic and Bulgar-held areas in the early 9th century. He resettled Greek-speaking families from Asia Minor to the Greek peninsula and the Balkans, and expanded the theme of Hellas to the north to include parts of Thessaly and Macedonia, and to the south to include the regained territory of the Peloponnese. Thessalonica, previously organized as an archontate surrounded by the Slavs, became a theme of its own as well. These themes contributed another 10,000 men to the army, and allowed Nicephorus to convert most of the Slavs to Christianity.

Crete was conquered by the Arabs in 824. In the late 9th century, Leo VI faced also invasions from the Bulgarians under Simeon I, who pillaged Thrace in 896, and again in 919 during Zoe's regency for Constantine VII. Simeon invaded northern Greece again in 922 and penetrated deep to the south seizing Thebes, just north of Athens.

Crete was reconquered in 961 from the Arabs, by Nikephoros II Phokas after the Siege of Chandax.

In the late 10th century, the greatest threat to Greece was from Samuel, who constantly fought over the area with Basil II. In 985, Samuel captured Thessaly and the important city of Larissa, and in 989, he pillaged Thessalonica. Basil slowly began to recapture these areas in 991, but Samuel captured the areas around Thessalonica and the Peloponnese again in 997 before being forced to withdraw to Bulgaria. In 999, Samuel captured Dyrrhachium and raided northern Greece once more. Basil recaptured these areas by 1002 and had fully subjugated completely the Bulgarians in the decade before his death (see Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria).

By Basil's death in 1025, Greece was divided into themes including Crete, the Peloponnese, Thrace, Hellas, Nicopolis, Larissa, Cephalonia, Thessalonica and Strymon, the Cyclades and the Aegean Sea. They were protected from raids and invasions by the new themes created out of Bulgar territory.

Greece became more prosperous in the 10th century and towns and cities began to grow again. Athens and Corinth probably grew to about 10,000 people, while Thessalonica may have had as many as 100,000 people. There was an important aristocratic class from these themes, especially the Macedonian emperors who ruled the empire from 867 to 1056.

Normans and Franks

Greece and the empire as a whole faced a new threat from the Normans of Sicily in the late 11th century. Robert Guiscard took Dyrrhachium and Corcyra in 1081 (see Battle of Dyrrhachium), but Alexius I defeated him, and later his son Bohemund, by 1083. The Pechenegs also raided Thrace during this period.

In 1147, while the knights of the Second Crusade made their way through Byzantine territory, Roger II of Sicily captured Corcyra and pillaged Thebes and Corinth.

In 1197, Henry VI of Germany continued his father Frederick Barbarossa's antagonism towards the empire by threatening to invade Greece to reclaim the territory the Normans had briefly held. Alexius III was forced to pay him off, although the taxes he imposed caused frequent revolts against him, including rebellions in Greece and the Peloponnese. Also during his reign, the Fourth Crusade attempted to place Alexius IV on the throne, until it eventually invaded and sacked the capital.

Greece was relatively peaceful and prosperous in the 11th and 12th centuries, compared to Anatolia which was being overrun by the Seljuks. Thessalonica had probably grown to about 150,000 people, despite being looted by the Normans in 1185. Thebes also became a major city with perhaps 30,000 people, and was the centre of a major silk industry. Athens and Corinth probably still had around 10,000 people. Mainland Greek cities continued to export grain to the capital in order to make up for the land lost to the Seljuks.

However, after Constantinople was conquered during the Fourth Crusade in 1204, Greece was divided among the Crusaders. The Latin Empire held Constantinople and Thrace, while Greece itself was divided into the Kingdom of Thessalonica, the Principality of Achaea, and the Duchy of Athens. The Venetians controlled the Duchy of the Archipelago in the Aegean, while the Despotate of Epirus was established as one of the three Byzantine Greek successor states.

Michael VIII restored the empire in 1261, having also regained the  Kingdom of Thessalonica. By his death in 1282, Michael had taken back the Aegean islands, Thessaly, Epirus, and most of Achaea, including the Crusader fortress of Mystras, which became the seat of a Byzantine despotate. However, Athens and the northern Peloponnese remained in Crusader hands. Charles of Anjou and later his son claimed the throne of the defunct Latin Empire, and threatened Epirus and Greece, but were never able to make any progress there.

Ottoman threat and conquest

By the reign of Andronicus III Palaeologus, beginning in 1328, the empire controlled most of Greece, especially the metropolis of Thessalonica, but very little else. Epirus was nominally Byzantine but still occasionally rebelled, until it was fully recovered in 1339. Greece was mostly used as a battleground during the civil war between John V Palaeologus and John VI Cantacuzenus in the 1340s, and at the same time the Serbs and Ottomans began attacking Greece as well. By 1356, another independent despotate was set up in Epirus and Thessaly.

The Peloponnese, usually called Morea in this period, was now almost the centre of the empire, and was certainly the most fertile area. Mystras and Monemvasia were populous and prosperous, even after the Black Plague in the mid-14th century. Mystras rivaled Constantinople in importance. It was a stronghold of Greek Orthodoxy and bitterly opposed attempts by the emperors to unite with the Catholic Church, even though this would have allowed the empire to gain help from the west against the Ottomans.

The Ottomans had begun their conquest of the Balkans and Greece in the late 14th century and early 15th century capturing among others Thessaloniki, Ioannina and Thessaly. In 1445, Ottoman-occupied Thessaly was recaptured by the future emperor Constantine XI, at the time despot of Mystras, but there was little he could do against most of the other Ottoman territories. Emperor Constantine XI was defeated and killed in 1453 when the Ottomans finally captured Constantinople. After the fall of Constantinople, the Ottomans also captured Athens by 1458, but left a Byzantine despotate in the Peloponnese until 1460. The Venetians still controlled Crete, Aegean islands and some cities-ports, but otherwise the Ottomans controlled many regions of Greece except the mountains and heavily forested areas.

Gallery

See also
Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Greeks
Byzantine scholars in Renaissance
Frankokratia
Medieval Greece

References

Bibliography

Rothaus, Richard M. Corinth: The First City of Greece. Brill, 2000.
Dimov, G. The Notion of the Byzantine City in the Balkans and in Southern Italy - 11th and 12th Centuries  - В: Realia Byzantino-Balcanica. Сборник в чест на 60 годишнината на професор Христо Матанов. София, 2014.

Byzantine Greece


The Lily foi o primeiro jornal americano gerenciado por e para mulheres. Foi publicado de 1849 a 1853 por Amelia Jenks Bloomer (1818–1894), antes de vender o jornal para Mary Birdsall em 1854. Embora o jornal inicialmente se concentrasse no movimento da temperança, logo ampliou seu foco para incluir as muitas questões de ativistas dos direitos das mulheres na década de 1850. Cresceu em sua distribuição como resultado de sua discussão sobre bloomers, uma moda confortável popularizada por Bloomer no jornal.

Primeiros anos de publicação

Em 1848, The Lily foi desenvolvido como uma publicação para "distribuição domiciliar" entre as mulheres que pertenciam à Seneca Falls Ladies Temperance Society, em resposta ao seu sentimento de marginalização pelo movimento de temperança mais amplo. No entanto, o entusiasmo pelo projeto desapareceu rapidamente. Amelia Bloomer não queria ver o jornal falir, então assumiu a responsabilidade de editar e publicar o jornal. O interesse inicial de Bloomer não estava nos direitos das mulheres, mas na temperança, e esse tópico apareceu com destaque em suas primeiras edições, mesmo depois que o jornal se desvinculou da Temperance Society. Bloomer acreditava que as mulheres escrevendo em busca de reformas eram menos impróprias do que fazer discursos ou palestras.

As primeiras edições custavam 50 centavos por ano e eram publicadas mensalmente em Seneca Falls, uma vila do estado de Nova Iorque, com oito páginas e três colunas. O número inaugural, publicado em 1º de janeiro de 1849, apresentava a filosofia e os objetivos iniciais: "É a MULHER que fala através do LILY. É sobre um assunto importante, também, que ela se apresenta ao público para ser ouvida. A intemperança é o grande inimigo de sua paz e felicidade." Bloomer escreveu: "The Lily foi o primeiro jornal dedicado aos interesses da mulher e, até onde eu sei, o primeiro de propriedade, editado e administrado por uma mulher". Inicialmente, a folha de rosto celebrou isso anunciando que era "publicado por um comitê de senhoras", mas depois de 1850, o cabeçalho apresentava apenas o nome de Bloomer.

Longe de ser radical, a publicação inicial se concentrou em questões de temperança, mostrando as mulheres como "defensoras do lar". Na primeira edição, Bloomer escreveu:É a mulher que fala através do The Lily... A intemperança é o grande inimigo de sua paz e felicidade. É isso, acima de tudo, que tornou seu Lar desolado e mendigou suas filhas…. Certamente, ela tem o direito de manejar sua caneta para sua supressão. Certamente, ela pode, sem deixar de lado os refinamentos modestos que tanto se tornam seu sexo, usar sua influência para desviar seus companheiros mortais do caminho do destruidor.

Desenvolvimento nos direitos das mulheres

À medida que o jornal evoluiu, seu foco mudou para incluir questões mais amplas dos direitos das mulheres. Essa expansão do foco foi em parte pela influência de Elizabeth Cady Stanton, uma colaboradora de The Lily, que escreveu sob o pseudônimo de "girassol". Em 1850, o The Lily se descrevia como "DEVOTADO AOS INTERESSES DAS MULHERES" e, em 1852, se descrevia como dedicada à "Emancipação da Mulher da Intemperança, Injustiça, Preconceito e Fanatismo". Bloomer envolveu muitos editores e colaboradores que ajudaram uns aos outros no processo de publicação, e isso se tornou um modelo para periódicos posteriores focados no sufrágio feminino. Outros periódicos antigos editados por mulheres que se concentravam em questões e protestos femininos incluem The Genius of Liberty (1851–1853), editado por Elizabeth Aldrich; The Pioneer and Woman's Advocate (1852–1853), editado por Ann W. Spencer; The Una (1853–1855), editado por Paula Wright Davis; The Revolution (1868–1872), editada por Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton e Parker Pillsbury; The Woman's Advocate (1855–1858) e The Sibyl (1856–1864), editado por Lydia Hasbrouck.

Uma fonte descreve a variedade de conteúdos dentro de The Lily, "Uma mistura intrigante de conteúdos que vão desde receitas a folhetos moralistas, The Lily cativou leitores de um amplo espectro de mulheres e lentamente os alfabetizaram não apenas sobre a verdade das desigualdades das mulheres, mas nas possibilidades de grande reforma social". Ao longo de sua publicação, o jornal continha lembretes sobre a importância da temperança e os horrores do álcool. Por exemplo, uma edição de maio de 1849 continha o seguinte exemplo: "Um homem, quando bêbado, caiu em uma chaleira de salmoura fervente em Liverpool, Onondaga Co. e foi escalado até a morte."

The Bloomer Costume, pelo qual Bloomer ficou conhecida, um traje composto por uma túnica e roupas de baixo, também foi visível no jornal. Embora Bloomer não tenha criado essa roupa, ela a defendeu no The Lily, e esses artigos foram posteriormente escolhidos pelo The New York Tribune. Os artigos de Bloomer sobre esse estilo de vestido, juntamente com ilustrações, instruções de costura e contos de mulheres que adotaram bloomers que foram impressos em The Lily, levaram o estilo a ser visto como criação de Bloomer. Ela explicou que esse estilo de roupa era essencial para a saúde e segurança das mulheres, reduzindo os riscos de carregar crianças e velas pelas escadas. Ela relembrou: "Assim que se soube que eu estava usando o vestido novo, centenas de cartas de mulheres de todo o país chegaram a mim perguntando sobre o vestido e pedindo padrões – mostrando como as mulheres estavam prontas e ansiosas. para livrar-se do fardo das saias longas e pesadas." Enquanto Bloomer e outros eventualmente descartaram essa roupa porque mudou o foco das pessoas do direito das mulheres para a roupa, The Lily desempenhou um papel fundamental na divulgação dessa roupa que ajudaria a mudar as normas do vestuário feminino nos Estados Unidos. The Lily surgiu de uma circulação de 500 exemplares por mês para  por mês, com parte do aumento por causa de sua discussão sobre as roupas femininas e a reforma do vestuário.

Refletindo de volta, Bloomer descreveu seus sentimentos sobre ser a primeira mulher a dirigir um jornal para mulheres: "Era um instrumento necessário para espalhar a verdade de um novo evangelho para as mulheres, e eu não podia segurar minha mão para parar o trabalho que eu tinha. começou. Não vi o fim desde o início e sonhei aonde minhas propostas para a sociedade me levariam." O jornal modelou como um jornal poderia inspirar um senso de comunidade e continuidade entre os líderes do sufrágio, descreve uma fonte.

Últimos anos de publicação
Cada vez mais no início da década de 1850, a relação do movimento de temperança e a luta das mulheres pelo sufrágio tornou-se mais pronunciada em The Lily. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, uma colaboradora, exigiu em um artigo que as mulheres fossem incluídas na elaboração de leis para restringir a venda de bebidas alcoólicas e se divorciar de homens intemperantes. Bloomer escreveu que "a única maneira pela qual as mulheres podem fazer alguma coisa efetivamente nesta causa [da temperança] é através das urnas", uma posição que ela chamou de "um forte sentimento pelos direitos das mulheres". The Lily publicou artigos não apenas sobre o sufrágio feminino, mas também sobre importantes questões de reforma social, como direitos de propriedade, educação, emprego, reforma do vestuário e escravidão, incluindo a escravidão das mulheres aos homens. Cada vez mais o jornal via soluções para os perigos dos maridos bêbados em maiores direitos para as mulheres e maiores mudanças estruturais. Uma fonte relata que uma declaração de missão de 1853 impressa no jornal explicava que The Lily "trabalharia pela emancipação das mulheres não apenas das 'leis injustas', mas também 'das influências destrutivas do Costume e da Moda'".

Em uma biografia de Amelia Bloomer escrita por seu marido, ela é citada como declarando que nunca gostou do nome "bonito" do jornal (nomeado pela sociedade de temperança das mulheres local), mas desde que o jornal logo se tornou conhecido por esse nome, ela decidiu não mudar isso.

Em 1853, o jornal tinha uma circulação nacional de  exemplares, e Bloomer continuou a produzi-lo em Mount Vernon, em Ohio, depois que Bloomer se mudou com seu marido Dexter Bloomer. Em 1854 ou 1855, Amelia Bloomer vendeu o jornal para Mary Birdsall porque estava se mudando novamente para uma nova casa em Council Bluffs, em Iowa, que não tinha instalações para publicação de jornais. Bloomer continuou como editor correspondente. Birdsall fora editora do Indiana Farmer, incluindo sua seção sobre mulheres. Ela era uma defensora dos pontos de vista de Bloomer e o jornal forneceu um veículo para ela continuar seu jornalismo. O jornal continuou a fazer campanha para questões femininas e temperança. Sob Birdsall, o jornal foi publicado em Richmond, na Indiana, por alguns anos e foi distribuído nacionalmente. A Dra. Mary F. Thomas ajudou Birdsall a editar e publicar o artigo. As fontes diferem sobre quando a última edição foi publicada — as fontes fornecem datas variadas de 1856 a 1870 como a última data em que o artigo foi publicado.

Publicações fundadas em 1849
Jornais dos Estados Unidos
Feminismo nos Estados Unidos
Moda dos Estados Unidos
Publicações extintas em 1853
!Mais Teoria da História na Wiki (Wikiconcurso de edição)

The Lily


César Balbín Valles (Lima, 18 de mayo de 1981) es un exfutbolista peruano.

Trayectoria

Se desempeñaba como delantero, debutó Cienciano en 1998. Obtuvo un título nacional con Sporting Cristal el año 2002.

Integró la Selección de fútbol del Perú Sub-20 que participó en el Campeonato Sudamericano Sub-20 de 1999, donde fue el goleador del equipo con 3 goles.

Tuvo problemas extra futbolísticos en el 2005 en Cienciano, por lo que no pudo volver a jugar hasta el año 2010.

Clubes

Palmarés

Campeonatos nacionales

Campeonatos internacionales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Últimos Cartuchos: César Balbín
 Ficha del futbolista en futbolperuano.com

 Perfil en footballdatabase

Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-20 de Perú
Futbolistas del Club Sportivo Cienciano
Futbolistas del Club Sporting Cristal "B"
Futbolistas del Club Sporting Cristal en los años 2000
Futbolistas del Club Juan Aurich
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Wanka
Futbolistas del Club Universidad César Vallejo
Futbolistas del Club Sport Coopsol
Futbolistas del Club Centro Deportivo Municipal
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Universidad San Marcos
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Walter Ormeño

César Balbín


The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Women's Basketball national championship has been held annually since 1981. The NAIA Women's Tournament was established one year before the NCAA Women's Basketball tournament. It was created to crown a women's national title for smaller colleges and universities. From 1992 to 2020, the NAIA sponsored a women's division II championship tournament. The entire tournament is played in Sioux City, Iowa. Prior to the merger of D-I and D-II, a separate Division I tournament was held in Billings, Montana, while the Division II tournament was in Sioux City. Contracts for host cities for both divisions initially expired in 2017. Following renewals, the 2018 and 2019 tournaments were held in the same cities, but in 2020, the tournaments were called off due to the COVID-19 outbreak.

Results

Single division (1981–1991)
For the first eleven years that the NAIA sponsored women's basketball, it held a single national championship for all programs across its entire membership. The tournament field was initially set at eight before later expansions to 16 and 32 teams.

Division I (1992–2020)

The NAIA Women's Basketball National Championship Tournament was most recently held at the Rimrock Auto Arena at MetraPark in Billings, Montana, which hosted from 2017 until the return to a single division after the 2019–20 season. The NAIA was the only international intercollegiate athletic association in North America; the NAIA Division I Women's Basketball Championship was the first championship to feature a college from outside the United States in the championship game. Former member Simon Fraser University was the national DI runner-up in 1996 and 1997. Oklahoma City University has the most tournament championships with 9, and most championship game appearances with 11.

Single division (2021–present)
In 2018, the NAIA announced a new format for the 2021 tournament after the merger of Divisions I and II.

Champions
Division II titles are not included in this list. Schools in italics are no longer in the NAIA.

 Schools highlighted in pink are closed or no longer sponsor athletics.
 Schools highlight in yellow have reclassified athletics from the NAIA.

See also
 NAIA Division II Women's Basketball Championship
 AIAW women's basketball tournament
 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament
 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament
 NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament
 NAIA Men's Basketball Championships
NAIA Division II Men's Basketball Championship

References

External links

College women's basketball competitions in the United States
Postseason college basketball competitions in the United States

NAIA women's basketball championship


Ekstrasolarni planetni sustav  (ekstra- + lat. solaris: sunčani), sustav egzoplaneta i inih svemirskih tijela poput patuljastih planeta, prirodnih satelita, asteroida, meteoroida, kometa, malih tijela i dr.) koja su gravitacijski povezana s matičnom zvijezdom ili više njih. Prvi planetni sustav izvan Sunčeva sustava otkriven je 1992. oko pulsara PSR 1257 12. Drugi je otkriven 1998. u zviježđu Labuda. S dvjema je dosad otkrivenim egzopolanetima, a osobitost je što mu je središnja zvijezda HD 187123 slična Suncu. Ekstrasolarni planetni sustav može imati više središnjih zvijezda, poput sustava oko dvojne zvijezde ups And koji ima vrući Jupiter. Do 2017. potvrđeno je postojanje oko 2800 ekstrasolarnih planetnih sustava, a najsloženiji do danas otkriveni imaju sedam planeta.

Izvori

Planetologija

Ekstrasolarni planetni sustav


RFA Spabrook (A224) was a coastal water carrier of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. Arrived at Briton Ferry for scrapping, 13 September 1977.

References

1944 ships
Spa-class coastal water carriers

RFA Spabrook


Kök bulma algoritması, verilen bir fonksiyonda fonksiyonun değerini sıfır yapacak bir x değerini bulmaya yarayan bir sayısal metot ya da algoritmadır (öyle bir x bul ki f(x) = 0 olsun). Böyle bir x değerine fonksiyonun kökü denir.

f - g kökünü bulma işlemi, f(x) = g(x) denklemini çözmekle aynı işlemdir. Buradaki x değerine ise denklemin bilinmeyeni denir. Bunun yanında her denklem, denklem çözmenin fonksiyonun bilinmeyenini bulmaya eşit olduğu f(x) = 0 şeklinde bir kanonik form alabilir.

Bütün nümerik kök bulma metotları tekrarlama, sonunda kök olacak bir limite yakınsayacak sayı serisi üretme, yöntemini kullanır.

Kök bulma algoritmalarının davranışları nümerik analizde incelenir.

Bazı kök bulma algoritmaları

En basit kök bulma algoritması ikiye bölme metodudur. Yalnızca f sürekli fonksiyonsa uygulanabilir. Ayrıca iki ilk tahmine ihtiyacı vardır. Bu ilk tahminler a ve b öyle değerler olmalıdırlarki; f(a) ve f(b)'nin birbirine zıt işaretli olmalıdır.

Bunun yanında Newton metodu, sekant metodu, yanlış pozisyon metodu, Müller metodu, İsa metodu ve Brent metodu gibi algoritmalar kök bulmada kullanılmaktadırlar.

Polinomlarda kök bulma algoritmaları

Polinomların köklerini bulmak için özel algoritmalar geliştirilmiştir. Bunlar genel olarak, polinomların kompanyon matrisinin bulunması, Laguerre metodu, Bairstow metodu, Durand-Kerner metodu ve daire bölme metodu gibi algoritmalardır.

Kök bulma algoritması


Le dollar américain Continental Currency (également connue sous le nom de dollar continental, dollar Fugio ou dollar Franklin) a été la première pièce à modèle frappée pour les États-Unis. Les pièces ont été frappées en 1776 et les exemplaires ont été réalisés sur des flans en étain, en laiton et en argent.

Contexte
En 1776, le Congrès continental  entreprend de produire une pièce de monnaie pour remplacer les devises espagnoles et britanniques couramment utilisées.  Frappée à l'origine en étain, en argent et en laiton, elle aurait été conçue d'après un dessin de Benjamin Franklin. Le recto de ces pièces porte une devise frappante qui traduit l'esprit d'indépendance des patriotes fondateurs :  (). Les États-Unis ont commencé à émettre leurs propres billets de banque en 1776, après le début de la guerre d'indépendance américaine, libellés en monnaie continentale. Bien qu'aucune législation autorisant une pièce de un dollar n'ait été découverte, aucune résolution du  au  ne mentionne le billet d'un dollar, ce qui suggère qu'il devait être remplacé par une pièce. La dénomination de la pièce est inconnue, mais Eric P. Newman a supposé que sa valeur était d'un dollar. Les quatre premières émissions de papier-monnaie continental, du  au , comprenaient un billet d'un dollar, mais la dénomination d'un dollar était absente des six émissions suivantes et ne réapparaît pas avant la dernière émission régulière de papier-monnaie continental du . On pense que cette pièce continentale était destinée à remplacer le dollar en papier dans ces émissions. En outre, la pièce a été fabriquée pour avoir à peu près la même taille que le dollar espagnol fraisé et, comme la pièce espagnole, elle présentait un motif sur la tranche. On ignore toutefois qui a autorisé ou frappé ces pièces.

Le , le Congrès a nommé une commission chargée de déterminer la valeur de plusieurs pièces étrangères par rapport au dollar espagnol et, le , une commission du Trésor du Congrès a recommandé la création d'un hôtel des monnaies, mais rien n'a été fait à ce sujet. À ce jour, il n'existe aucune preuve que les pièces de la monnaie continentale aient été autorisées ou émises par le Congrès continental. En effet, Robert Morris, le surintendant des finances à l'époque de la Confédération, semble ne pas avoir eu connaissance des dollars continentaux, puisqu'il a qualifié ses modèles Nova Constellatio de 1783 de premiers .

Dessin
La pièce de Franklin, plus communément appelée , présente une image du soleil, ses rayons frappant un cadran solaire, à côté du mot , qui signifie « je fuis » en latin. Avec la légende , cela implique .  À l'époque,  était compris littéralement comme les affaires ou le commerce, notamment dans le contexte de la monnaie. Mais avec son amour bien connu pour les maximes pleines d'esprit, Franklin a probablement voulu donner un double sens. Le second sens de  aurait été plus proche de la façon dont nous le comprenons aujourd'hui : soyez responsable de vous-même et ne vous mêlez pas inutilement des affaires des autres. Le revers présente treize maillons de chaîne représentant un plaidoyer pour que les Treize Colonies restent unies.

Controverse
Un article paru dans le numéro de  de The Numismatist soutient que la pièce de monnaie continentale en dollars pourrait ne pas avoir été une pièce du tout, mais un jeton produit en Grande-Bretagne en guise de souvenir. L'article citait le fait qu'il n'existe aucune trace contemporaine de pièces ayant été commandées par le Congrès continental ou partout dans les colonies jusqu'à longtemps après la révolution.

Production

Elisha Gallaudet a gravé les matrices des pièces, selon le numismate Eric P. Newman. Deux pièces portent l'inscription  sur l'avers, sous le dispositif central du cadran solaire. Cette phrase se traduit du latin par . Les recherches de Newman confirment qu'Elisha Gallaudet est le graveur des matrices. Gallaudet a également conçu une série de monnaies continentales en papier. Les pièces étaient frappées dans trois métaux : le plus courant était l'étain, avec un tirage estimé à environ six mille pièces (dont quelques centaines ont survécu) ; les autres, frappées en laiton et en argent, sont beaucoup plus rares, avec une quinzaine d'exemples connus en laiton et quatre en argent.

Aujourd'hui, il ne reste qu'une centaine de dollars, frappés en étain. Les historiens supposent qu'une grande partie de la frappe initiale a été fondue en raison de la demande d'alliage en temps de guerre. Seuls quelques exemplaires en argent sont connus. Cette composition était très probablement standard pour la circulation. Cependant, l'idée d'un dollar en argent a peut-être été abandonnée, car les États-Unis n'avaient pas d'approvisionnement fiable en argent pendant la guerre. Plusieurs pièces d'essai en laiton sont également connues.

Variétés

Comme pour d'autres pièces des débuts des États-Unis, les matrices du dollar Continental étaient poinçonnées à la main, ce qui signifie qu'il n'y avait pas deux matrices identiques. L'une des variétés d'avers connues a été fabriquée accidentellement avec «  » mal orthographié « CURENCY ».

Une autre variété, connue sous le nom de « date ornementée » (), a également été fabriquée avec un «  » mal orthographié, cette fois sous la forme « CURRENCEY ». La bévue a été corrigée en poinçonnant un « Y » sur le « E » et une figure ornementale a été gravée sur le « Y » original.

Utilisation ultérieure du dessin

Le Fugio cent de 1787, première pièce officiellement mise en circulation aux États-Unis, reprend de nombreux éléments du dessin de la pièce de monnaie continentale. Une adaptation de la pièce de monnaie continentale apparaît sur le revers de la variété «  » du dollar en argent Benjamin Franklin de 2006.

Valeur numismatique
L'un des quatre dollars de la monnaie continentale de 1776 frappés en argent a atteint  de dollars le  lors de la vente de la quatrième partie de la collection Eric P. Newman par Heritage Auctions à New York. Le prix réalisé pour la pièce comprend les frais de l'acheteur de 17,5 % ajoutés au prix final du marteau. La pièce est classée Mint State 63 par la  qui a également indiqué que le prix de  de dollars est près de trois fois supérieur au précédent record d'enchères pour un dollar continental.

Références

Pièce de 1 dollar américain

Pièce de 1 dollar américain Continental Currency


Gustav von Hugo (født 23. november 1764 i Lörrach, død 15. september 1844 i Göttingen) var en tysk retslærd.

Von Hugo blev Dr. juris 1788, samme år ekstraordinær professor i Göttingen og 1792 ordentlig professor sammesteds. Ved læsning af Montesquieu og under personlig påvirkning af Pütter og Spittler fik von Hugo blikket åbent for det uhistoriske i den herskende retslæres historiske opfattelse og fremstilling; medens han vejer og finder de ældre heroer som Heineccius for lette, fremgår hans videnskabelige ideal klart af hans oversættelse af Gibbons historiske oversigt over romerretten (1789). Von Hugo var iagttagelsernes mand. Erkendelsesteoretisk byggede han på Kant, hvem han fuldt ud havde forstået; om von Hugos Lehrbuch des Naturrechts, als einer Philosophie des positiven Rechts (1798) udtalte Jakob Friedrich Fries, at den var mere konsekvent Kantsk end Kant selv.

Von Hugo indleder den historisk-empiriske retning indenfor den tyske retsvidenskab; overfor naturretten og dennes deduktive metode sætter han studiet af den positive ret og dennes kilder, han gør banen fri for "den historiske skole", men stiftelsen og ledelsen af denne skyldes Savigny. Ved sit videnskabelige grundsyn og sin lærervirksomhed har on Hugo sin historiske betydning, mindre ved sine skrifter, som i alt væsentligt er kompendier eller grundrids til undervisningsbrug, præcise, nøjagtige, men uden form eller kunst. I Göttingische Gelehrte Anzeigen og i sit eget Civilistisches Magazin (1791—1837) holdt von Hugo en ofte skarp, men altid retfærdig hærmønstring over den fremkomne civilistiske litteratur.

Ved siden heraf udsendte han en lang række lærebøger, oprindelig korte pg knappe, i de senere oplag af betydeligere størrelse, således Institutionen des heutigen Römischen Rechts (1789, 7. udgave 1826), Lehrbuch der Rechtsgeschichte bis auf unsre Zeiten (1790, 11. udgave 1832), Lehrbuch der juristischen Encyklopädie (1792, 8. udgave 1810), Lehrbuch der civilistischen Litterair Geschichte; (1812, 3. udgave 1830), der samlede udgør en Lehrbuch eines civilistischen Cursus i 6 bind.

Endelig bør nævnes von Hugos kildekritiske arbejder, hans udgave af Ulpians Fragmenta (1788, 4. udgave 1822), af Paulus' Sententiæ (1795) og Ius civile Anteiustinianeum (I—II 1815). Von Hugo er en af de markanteste og skarpest skårne skikkelser i tysk retsvidenskabs historie, en karakterfuld, redelig, kraftig og streng personlighed, der både i liv og handling søgte at nå det Kantske pligtideal. I det af Otto og Else Kern 1908 udgivne Carl Otfried Müller. Lebensbild in Briefen giver den fremragende filolog karakteristiske bidrag til et billede af sin berømte svigerfader.

Kilder

Jurister fra Tyskland
Professorer fra Tyskland
Ansatte ved Göttingens Universitet
Faglitterære forfattere fra Tyskland
Tysksprogede forfattere
Tyskere i 1700-tallet
Tyskere i 1800-tallet

Gustav von Hugo


Lavik steht für:
 Lavik (Ort), Ort in Norwegen

Lavik ist der Familienname von:
 Nils Lavik (1884–1966), norwegischer Politiker der Kristelig Folkeparti (KrF)

Lavik


The Black Flux drugi je studijski album norveškog avangardnog metal sastava Virus. Album je 10. studenog 2008. godine objavila diskografska kuća Season of Mist.

O albumu
The Black Flux bio je sniman u periodu od lipnja 2007. do srpnja 2008. godine u studiju Amper Tone Studio u Oslu.

Ovo je jedini studijski album sastava koji je objavila diskografska kuća Season of Mist.

Popis pjesama

Recenzije
Greg Prato, glazbeni kritičar sa stranice AllMusic, dodijelio je albumu tri od pet zvjezdica te je komentirao: "Većinu vremena, ovaj [...] norveški sastav zvukovno se može usporediti sa Voivodom, ali u drugim vremenima zvuči poput dalekog glazbenog učenika [grupe] the Melvins (s puno manje distorzije na gitari i izražajnijim vokalima). Bilo kako bilo, jedna je stvar jasna. Ovi momci vole rastezati gitarističke dionice dok vam mozak ne otupi, kao što je dokazano na naslovnoj pjesmi sastava čiji [instrumentalni dio] traje skoro tri minute prije pojave vokalnih dionica. Drugdje, na pjesmi kao što je "Lost Peacocks", vokali se pojavljuju ranije te stil pjevanja [...] zvuči kao da je modeliran prema stilu pokojnog i velikog Iana Curtisa iz Joy Divisiona.

Osoblje

Virus
 Czral – vokali, gitara
 Plenum – bas-gitara
 Einz – bubnjevi
Dodatni glazbenici
 Bård Ingebrigtsen – bariton gitara, violina, klavir, bottleneck gitara, efekti, produkcija
 B9 – zvukovlja, ambijentski zvukovi (na pjesmama 3 i 5)

Ostalo osoblje
 Tom Kvålsvoll – mastering
 Sapfo Stavrides – fotografija
 Kvohst – tekstovi

Izvori

Albumi iz 2008.
Albumi sastava Virus

The Black Flux


Mort à 2020 (Death to 2020) est un film américain réalisé par Al Campbell et Alice Mathias, sorti en 2020. Il a pour suite Mort à 2021.

Synopsis
Un retour sur l'année 2020, alors que le monde est en proie à la pandémie de Covid-19 et que les États-Unis vont élire un nouveau président. Le film mélange informations factuelles et parodiques.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Mort à 2020
 Titre original : Death to 2020
 Réalisation : Al Campbell et Alice Mathias
 Scénario : Charlie Brooker, Annabel Jones (créateurs)
 Équipe d'écriture : Charlie Brooker, Tom Baker, Kemah Bob, Ken Bordell, Munya Chawawa, Constance Cheng, Alan Connor, Erika Ehler, Charlie George, Eli Goldstone, Mollie Goodfellow, Jason Hazeley, Angelo Irving, Kae Kurd, Alison Marlow, Thanyia Moore, Joel Morris et Michael Odewale
 Photographie : Jamie Cairney, Richard Sidey et Adam Silver
 Montage : Jason Boxall et Damon Tai
 Production : Tom Baker, Carl Craig et Nicola Heyman
 Société de production : Broke and Bones, Jesse Collins Entertainment, Netflix Studios et Netflix
 Pays :
 Genre : Comédie
 Durée : 70 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 :

Distribution
 Samuel L. Jackson : Dash Bracket
 Hugh Grant : Tennyson Foss
 Lisa Kudrow : Jeanetta Grace Susan
 Kumail Nanjiani : Bark Multiverse
 Tracey Ullman : la Reine
 Samson Kayo : Pyrex Flask
 Leslie Jones : Dr. Maggie Gravel
 Diane Morgan : Gemma Nerrick
 Cristin Milioti : Kathy Flowers
 Joe Keery : Duke Goolies
 Laurence Fishburne : le narrateur
 Angelo Irving : Boris Johnson
 Lily Sullivan : Amy
 Charlie Brooker : James (non crédité)

Accueil
La critique a en majorité trouvé le film décevant.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2020
Comédie américaine
Faux documentaire
Film de Netflix

Mort à 2020


La Cámara de diputados de la Provincia de La Pampa es el Parlamento de la provincia de La Pampa. Es unicameral. Se encuentra en centro de la ciudad de Santa Rosa, en el Centro Cívico. Está compuesto por 30 diputados elegidos cada cuatro años mediante un sistema proporcional.

La Cámara se renueva completamente cada 4 años. Los diputados representan directamente al pueblo de la Provincia en distrito único.

Historia

Territorio Nacional de La Pampa
En el año 1884, el Congreso de la Nación, sancionó la ley N.º 1532, por la cual, entre otras, se crea la Gobernación de La Pampa (art.1º-1) y establecía que las Gobernaciones que conformaban los territorios Nacionales, que alcanzaren más de 60.000 habitantes, tenían derecho a ser declarada provincia argentina (art.4º).
Tras más de 50 años de intentos fallidos de provincialización, por diversos motivos, solo las notas remitidas por la Sra. Eva Perón, que justificaban el cumplimiento en el territorio nacional de La Pampa, de los requisitos requeridos por la ley 1532, lograron el objetivo.
Es así, que el 20 de julio de 1951, se sanciona la ley 14.037, donde se declara provincias los territorios nacionales de La Pampa y Chaco. Y por el artículo 3.º se establece que el Poder Ejecutivo Nacional procederá a convocar las convenciones constituyentes, que tendrán como función dictar la constitución bajo el sistema representativo y republicano, y de acuerdo a los principios declaraciones y garantías de la Constitución Nacional.
Por decreto N.º 1286/52, del Poder Ejecutivo, se convoca a la convención constituyente para la Provincia de La Pampa.
Los Convencionales Constituyentes sancionaron el 29 de enero de 1952 la Primera Constitución, determinándose que el nombre geo-político del territorio sería Provincia Eva Perón.

Provincia Eva Perón

EL 11 de noviembre de 1951, se eligió la convención constituyente, (convocada por Decreto n°1286 del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional) que tenía como tarea la elaboración de la Constitución de la Provincia Eva Perón. Dictada la misma y efectuada la comunicación al Poder Ejecutivo Nacional, se convocó a elecciones para la designación de las autoridades. A partir de allí, cesaba toda intervención del Poder Ejecutivo Nacional en los asuntos de orden provincial. Así surge la Primera Cámara de Representantes de la Provincia Eva Perón, donde estuvieron representadas 21 circunscripciones en que fue dividida la provincia.

La Primera Sesión Preparatoria se realizó el 4 de junio de 1953, en la planta Alta de la Municipalidad de Santa Rosa, donde actuó como presidente el vicegobernador Esteban Daniel Ardohain. La Cámara de representantes de la Provincia Eva Perón se organizó en 11 comisiones a fin de derivar los proyectos más importantes e indispensables leyes para el ordenamiento jurídico administrativo de esta provincia.

Actualidad
El gobierno provisional, emanado de la Revolución Libertadora dicta la Proclama del 27 de abril de 1956 donde se declara vigente la Constitución Nacional sancionada en 1853, con las reformas de 1860, 1866 y 1898, se excluye la constitución de 1949 y por el artículo 4 de la misma deja sin efecto las constituciones sancionadas para las provincias de La Pampa, Chaco y Misiones.
En el orden provincial, el interventor federal Garmendia derogó el Decreto Provincial N.º 2085/54 y se vuelve a la antigua denominación geo-política de Provincia de La Pampa.
En el mes de diciembre de 1959, mediante Decreto Ley n.º 2458/59, se convoca al electorado pampeano a fin de elegir Convencionales Constituyentes, Gobernador; Vice Gobernador y Diputados Provinciales.

El 6 de octubre de 1960, se sanciona la Constitución de 1960, pasando a regir a partir de la 0 hora del 7 de octubre de 1960.
En el año 1994, bajo la gobernación del Rubén Hugo Marín, se reforma la constitución de 1960, a través de la ley 1523, que en su artículo 4.º. Faculta al Poder Ejecutivo a convocar a elecciones de Convencionales Constituyentes y en su artículo 2, determina los puntos a modificar. Mediante Decreto n.º 12/94-, el Poder Ejecutivo Provincial, convoca a elecciones de convencionales constituyentes, los fundamentos de la necesidad fueron no sólo la falta de legitimidad política, sino también la falta de legitimidad social de la Constitución que nos regía, atento el quebrantamiento del orden constitucional, que desplazó la constitución sancionada en el año 1953. La nueva Constitución de 1994, fue sancionada en un clima de tolerancia, civismo, de pluralismo, atento estar representadas todas las fuerzas políticas de La Pampa, fue un signo de madurez política y jurídica, superando la de las constituciones de 1952 y de 1960.

En el año 1998, mediante ley n.º 1812, se declara, nuevamente la reforma parcial de la Constitución de 1994, únicamente para modificar la cláusula transitoria del artículo 130, permitiendo a Rubén Marín ser electo por un tercer mandato en 1999. El Poder Ejecutivo mediante decreto Nº1383/98 convoca a elección de convencionales constituyentes, concediendo la reforma, con mayoría del 56% de los votos.
El día 19 de febrero de 1999, la Convención Constituyente resuelve tener por sancionada y promulgada la modificación de la cláusula transitoria establecida en el artículo 130.

El edificio

Desde 1976 la sede oficial del Parlamento pampeano es el Edificio de la Cámara de Diputados de la Provincia de La Pampa, en el Centro Cívico en Santa Rosa. Fue diseñado por el arquitecto argentino Clorindo Testa, asociado con asociado con Gaido y Rossi. Se compone de un edificio con arquitectura Brutalista, influenciada por la postmodernista a diferencia de los otros edificios del complejo, con ventanas semicirculares y granito rosa en las fachada, destacándose el hormigón armado a la vista y ladrillos de diversos tipos.

Comisiones
 Asuntos Constitucionales y Justicia
 Hacienda y Presupuesto
 Legislación General, Cultura y Educación y Asuntos Municipales
 Legislación Social y Salud Pública
 Asuntos Agrarios, Turismo, Industria, Obras y Servicios Públicos
 Peticiones, Poderes, Reglamento y Acuerdos
 Investigación y Reclamos Públicos
 Derechos Humanos
 Ríos Interprovinciales
 Ecología y Ambiente Humano
 Parlamento Patagónico y del Mercosur
 Zona Franca y Aeropuerto Internacional de Cargas

Composición

La Cámara de Diputados de la provincia, tiene 30 diputados. Estos cargo son ocupados por ciudadanos argentinos o naturalizados con cuatro años de ejercicio de la ciudadanía, haber cumplido veinticinco años de edad al tiempo de su incorporación a la Cámara y tener tres años de residencia inmediata en la Provincia como mínimo.

Los cargos se distribuyen al concluir las elecciones generales, y son asumidos el 10 de diciembre, posterior a las elecciones. Todos los cargos se renuevan cada 4 años.

2019-2023

2015-2019

Notas

Referencias

Enlaces externos

La Pampa
Organizaciones fundadas en 1951
Legislatura de la provincia de La Pampa


Plumtree était un groupe canadien de rock indépendant/power pop formé en  à Halifax et composé des sœurs Carla et Lynette Gillis, Amanda Braden, Nina Martin et plus tard Catriona Sturton. Le groupe a connu un succès modéré au cours de ses sept années d'activité, malgré plusieurs tournées au Canada et dans certaines régions des États-Unis, ainsi que la sortie de trois albums complets, un EP de six titres et divers singles, pour finalement se dissoudre en . Leur single "Scott Pilgrim" a inspiré le personnage principal de la série de romans graphiques de Bryan Lee O'Malley.

Histoire
Le groupe s'est formé à Halifax, en Nouvelle-Écosse, le  après que les membres se soient rencontrés par l'intermédiaire de leurs professeurs de musique. Les premiers membres du groupes étaient Lynette Gillis (14 ans) à la batterie, Carla Gillis (16 ans) à la guitare et au chant, Amanda Braden (15 ans) à la guitare et au chant et Nina Martin (16 ans) à la basse et parfois au chant.

Au cours de leurs jeunesse, les sœurs Gillis ont développé un intérêt pour la musique heavy metal. Carla a pris des cours de guitare et Lynette a étudié les percussions. Elles ont joué dans leur maison jusqu'en , date à laquelle elles ont recruté d'autres personnes pour former le groupe. Leur première montée sur scène s'est faite au spectacle de leur lycée en reprenant principalement des titres de Jimi Hendrix et d' Iron Maiden. Le groupe d'origine s'est ensuite séparé. Braden et Martin ont rejoint le groupe peu de temps après et le groupe a développé une méthode d'écriture collaborative. Plumtree a joué son premier spectacle au Cafe Ole pour tous les âges d'Halifax en .

Plumtree s'est établi au Canada après avoir sorti la chanson " Follow You " sur la cassette No Class, une compilation publiée par No Records contenant des musiques de groupes de lycéens de Nouvelle-Écosse. Cinnamon Toast Records a sorti le premier sept pouces de Plumtree, Green Mittens, en . Il comportait les chansons "Dog Gone Crazy" et "Have a Banana". Peu de temps après, Plumtree sort une cassette de six chansons intitulée Flutterboard.

En , Plumtree enregistre son premier album complet, Mass Teen Fainting, au studio Sound of One Hand à Ottawa, avec Paul Hogan. Les chansons de l'album ont été diffusées à la radio universitaire, ce qui a donné à Plumtree une communauté de fans canadiens. Martin a quitté le groupe en  pour poursuivre ses études à l'Université McGill . Elle a été remplacée par Catriona Sturton, originaire d'Ottawa, en .

Le deuxième album de Plumtree, Predicts the Future, a été enregistré en  avec Laurence Currie aux studios Idea of East à Halifax. Sorti en , le CD a mené à l'apparition de Plumtree sur la couverture du mensuel musical canadien, Exclaim!, ainsi qu'à la 1ère place sur le palmarès national des radios universitaires, Earshot. Les vidéos des singles « Scott Pilgrim », « Go » et « You Just Don't Exist » ont été diffusées régulièrement sur MuchMusic . "Scott Pilgrim" a ensuite inspiré la populaire série de romans graphiques, Scott Pilgrim, de Bryan Lee O'Malley.

Au cours de ces premières années, Plumtree a sorti un certain nombre de chansons sur des compilations de vinyles et de CD, notamment Water Had Leaked into My Suit (Cinnamon Toast), You're a Superlady (Corduroy), Secret Songs (Korova Cafe) et Syrup and Gasoline (Grenadine ). Une version antérieure de "Scott Pilgrim" peut également être trouvée sur disque de sept pouces sorti avec The Inbreds sur le label PF.

Le groupe a fait de nombreuses tournées tout au long de sa carrière de sept ans, prenant la route avec le groupe The Local Rabbits de Montréal, les groupes d'Halifax Thrush Hermit, The Inbreds et The Super Friendz, Julie Doiron de Moncton (anciennement d' Eric's Trip) et The Weakerthans et Duotang de Winnipeg. Plumtree ne pouvait tourner que pendant les mois d'été car ils étudiaient à l'université le reste de l'année.

En , Plumtree s'est produit à Toronto au Horseshoe Tavern avec Number One Cup. Ils ont passé l'été à Toronto à enregistrer This Day Won't Last at All avec Justin Deneau aux studios Electro Magnetic Sound. Il a été publié en  par Endaring Records de Winnipeg. Une vidéo inspirée de Cindy Sherman pour la chanson "Regret" a été diffusée sur MuchMusic.

Séparation
Au , le groupe a fait une tournée à travers le Canada et dans les États de la côte ouest avec les Salteens de Vancouver. Plumtree s'est dissous en  après avoir donné son dernier spectacle le  au Marquee Club dans leur ville natale de Halifax.

Suite
Lynette et Carla Gillis vivent à Toronto actuellement, où ils se produisent dans le groupe de rock Overnight (anciennement connu sous le nom de SISTER). Ils se produisent également dans Bells Clanging avec Jason Starnes. Amanda Bidnall (née Braden) a obtenu des diplômes à l'Université Dalhousie et à l'Université York avant d'obtenir un doctorat du Boston College en . Elle a été professeur d'histoire à l'Université Simon Fraser à Vancouver, en Colombie-Britannique, pendant environ 8 ans. Elle est maintenant rédactrice indépendante de romans novices et rédactrice Web. Catriona Sturton vit à Ottawa et enseigne l'harmonica. Nina Martin est professeur de géographie à l'UNC-Chapel Hill. En , Catriona a rejoint SISTER sur scène lors de la soirée de lancement de Scott Pilgrim Volume 6 pour interpréter la chanson "Scott Pilgrim".

Le film Scott Pilgrim, basé sur la série de romans graphiques de Bryan Lee O'Malley inspiré de la chanson "Scott Pilgrim" de Plumtree, est sorti le . Dans le film et la bande dessinée, le personnage principal Scott Pilgrim peut être vu portant un t-shirt Plumtree. La chanson "Scott Pilgrim" apparaît à la fois dans le film ainsi que sur la bande originale du film et la chanson "Go!" apparaît dans le film lui-même sans la bande originale.

Récompenses
En , Plumtree a reçu le prix du meilleur groupe canadien de moins de vingt ans aux YTV Achievement Awards. Ils ont interprété "Tropical" pendant le spectacle.

Predicts the Future a été nominée pour un East Coast Music Award dans la catégorie rock alternatif. Elle a perdu face au Slide Show de Superfriendz.

Discographie

Albums et EP

 Flutterboard (1994)
 Mass Teen Fainting (1995)
 Predicts the Future (1997)
 This Day Won't Last At All (2000)

Singles

 Plumtree/Strawberry split 7" (1994)
 "Water Had Leaked Into My Suit" (1995)
 Plumtree/The Inbreds split 7" (1996)
 "Preserving Wildlife" (1996)
 Plumtree/Salteens split 7" (1999)

Compilation

 Best Of (2010)

Références

Liens externes

 Plumtree à AllMusic
 Interview de Mark Manara
 Interview du magazine Mote

Girls band
Groupe musical formé en 1993
Groupe canadien de rock indépendant
Pages avec des traductions non relues
Groupe musical séparé en 2000

Plumtree


Grmljani (Ravno, BiH), naseljeno mjesto u općini Ravno, BiH
 Grmljani (Trebinje, BiH), naseljeno mjesto u gradu Trebinju, BiH

Grmljani


El río Pibor o Yuba es un río del África ecuatorial que discurre principalmente por Sudán del Sur, aunque en su tramo final marca la frontera con Etiopía. Fluye en dirección norte unos 320 km hasta encontrarse con el río Baro, con el que forma el río Sobat, un afluente que desemboca en el Nilo Blanco tras recorrer 340 km. Su cuenca hidrográfica cubre cerca de 10.000 km², y su caudal medio anual es de 98 m³/s.

La fuente más lejana del Pibor sin embargo, está en su principal afluente, el río Akobo, de 434 km. Considerando que el Akobo desemboca en el Pibor a 108 kmde la confluencia con el Baro —medidos cuidadosamente con la herramienta de medición de distancias de GoogelMaps—  el sistema Pibor-Akobo, alcanza los 542 km, siendo por ello también la fuente más lejana del río Sobat. El tramo desde que el Akobo desagua en el Pibor hasta que este confluye con el Baro marca la frontera entre Etiopía y Sudán del Sur.

Referencias

Pibor
Pibor
Pibor
Pibor
Frontera Etiopía-Sudán del Sur

Río Pibor


Gara Andreneasa este o stație de cale ferată care deservește comuna Răstolița, județul Mureș, România.

Andreneasa

Gara Andreneasa


Port Chicago was a town on the southern banks of Suisun Bay, in Contra Costa County, California. It was located  east-northeast of Martinez, at an elevation of 13 feet (4 m). It is best known as the site of a devastating explosion at its Naval Munitions Depot during World War II.

History

The area was first settled by Anglo-Americans between 1850 and 1851, including Josiah Knight and Samuel E. Strode. The first permanent settler was Daniel Cunningham.

Port Chicago was originally called Bay Point. The town was created when the Bay Point Land Company, with offices in San Francisco, filed an official plat map at the Contra Costa County Recorder's Office. The Southern Pacific Railroad ran through the town.

In 1931, as the Great Depression worsened, Walter Van Winkle, a business leader, proposed and succeeded in getting the name of the town changed from Bay Point to Port Chicago (after the Illinois city). The Bay Point post office operated from 1897 to 1931, when it became the Port Chicago post office, closing in 1969 when the town ceased to exist.

The July 17, 1944, Port Chicago disaster was a deadly munitions explosion that occurred at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine. Munitions detonated while being loaded onto a cargo vessel bound for the Pacific Theater of Operations, killing 320 sailors and civilians  and injuring 390 others. Most of the dead and injured were enlisted African-American sailors. The town of Port Chicago was heavily damaged by falling debris, including huge chunks of hot metal and unexploded bombs, but none of those bombs exploded. Over 300 buildings were damaged and more than 100 people were hurt, but none in the town were killed.

In 1968, all property was bought and buildings demolished by the federal government to form a safety zone around the adjacent Concord Naval Weapons Station loading docks.

The Port Chicago Highway, a route from the city of Concord through the site of the former town, still exists in Contra Costa County. The portion that passed through the Concord Naval Weapons Station was blocked during the 1990s as a safety and security measure. Today, Port Chicago Highway is interrupted just past the town of Clyde and continues on the other side of the U.S. Army's Military Ocean Terminal, Concord (formerly the Tidal Area of the Concord Naval Weapons Station) in the unincorporated community of Bay Point.

References

Former settlements in Contra Costa County, California
Former populated places in California
Military in the San Francisco Bay Area
Military history of California
Populated places disestablished in 1969
1969 disestablishments in California

Port Chicago, California


Les Phalansteriidae sont une famille de Protozoaires de l'embranchement des Choanozoa  de la classe des Filasterea et de l'ordre des Phalansteriida.

Selon la classifications adoptée elle est nommée Phalansteriaceae et considérée comme une famille d'algues de l'embranchement des Ochrophyta, de la classe des Chrysophyceae et de l'ordre des Synurales.

Étymologie
Le nom vient du genre type Phalansterium, dérivé du grec , « troupe rangée », un phalanstère est un mot-valise créé par Charles Fourier en 1822, par contraction de phalan[ge] et [mona]stère, signifiant un  lieu où habitent de nombreux individus, en référence à la structure communautaire de cette micro-algue, dont une des espèces Phalansterium consociatum (Fresenius) voit son épithète spécifique consociatum  renforcer cette idée de structure « sociale ».

Description

Systématique
La famille des Phalansteriaceae Senn, 1900, a été supplantée par celle des Phalansteriidae W.S.Kent 1881. Le Phalansterium a ainsi vu sa classification changer, passant de la nomenclature de Gustav Senn à celle de William Saville-Kent :
 Phalansteriaceae : règne des Chromista, classe des Chrysophyceae, ordre des Synurales
 Phalansteriidae : règne des Protozoa, classe des Filasterea, ordre des Phalansteriida

Liste des genres
Selon  :
 Phalansterium Cienkowski, 1870

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Bibliographie
  , 1957, « Recherches sur les Chrysophycées. Morphologie, phylogénie, systématique ». Revue Algologique, Mémoire Hors-Série, ,  (lire en ligne).

Filasterea
Famille d'algues (nom scientifique)

Phalansteriidae


The U7 is a rail line on the Berlin U-Bahn. It runs completely underground for a length of  through 40 stations and connects Spandau, via Neukölln, to Gropiusstadt and Rudow. The U7 was originally the south-eastern branch of the  (U6) that ran between the branching point at Belle-Alliance-Straße (Mehringdamm) and Grenzallee; however, in the 1960s, this stretch was separated from the rest of the line and extended at each end to form a new line.

The U7 is Berlin's longest underground line, both in terms of absolute length and total travel time, and one of the longest all-subterranean lines in Europe.

Route
Starting in Rudow, at the junction of Gross-Ziethener Chaussee and Neuköllner Straße, the U7 runs northwest below the road Alt-Rudow, before bearing west in the Gropiusstadt area. Because the settlement and underground construction there were planned simultaneously, the U7 follows no roads until it reaches Britz-Süd station, where it runs under Fritz-Reuter-Allee as far as Blaschkoallee station before joining the route of Buschkrugallee. It continues north, crossing the urban motorway and the Ringbahn while under Karl-Marx-Straße, then heads north-west under Hasenheide, Südstern, and Gneisenaustraße until it reaches Mehringdamm after a very sharp right curve. A tight left curve brings the U7 under the  () to Möckernbrücke station, with another taking it back and below the area of the former  (). The route continues west under Yorckstraße, Willmanndamm, Grunewaldstraße, Bayerischer Platz, and Berliner Straße, then heads north under Brandenburgische Straße to Adenauerplatz station.

A curve into Wilmersdorfer Straße takes the U7 north to Bismarckstraße station, where it makes a further turn into Richard-Wagner-Straße, travelling under this road and its northern continuations Wintersteinstraße and Sömmeringstraße. At Jungfernheide station, the U7 crosses the Ringbahn for the second time before passing under the Westhafenkanal. The track then turns west through a wide arc and follows Siemensdamm and Nonnendammallee. It passes to the south of the Spandau Citadel below the road Am Juliusturm, runs under the Old Town of Spandau, and ends at Rathaus Spandau station.

The U7 passes through 12 districts of Berlin: Rudow, Gropiusstadt, Britz, Neukölln, Kreuzberg, Schöneberg, Wilmersdorf, Charlottenburg, Charlottenburg-Nord, Siemensstadt, Haselhorst, and Spandau.

History

Construction of the North-South Underground: 1901-1930

Around 1901, the city of Berlin planned to build an underground railway line below Friedrichstraße to connect the north to the south. Werner von Siemens also had plans for a north–south line, under Nobelstraße, at the same time, but permission for these was declined on the grounds that public transport should be in municipal ownership. Consequently, Berlin started the construction of the Nord–Süd-Bahn (North–South railway) to link Wedding and Tempelhof (as of 2007, part of the U6), with a branch to Neukölln.

World War I made the construction work difficult, and finally stopped it completely. In 1919, work started again, but not without further complications. In 1921, during the time of hyperinflation, filling up the existing tunnels was considered as financial turmoil hit hard. The construction work was continued, however, and the first tunnel section from Hallesches Tor to Stettiner Bahnhof (later renamed Naturkundemuseum) was opened on 30 January 1923.

The history of the U7 began with the construction of the branch to Neukölln, when the stretch from Hallesches Tor to Gneisenaustraße was built; it opened on 9 April 1924. With inflation still taking its toll, the construction work proceeded in small steps only. The extension to Hasenheide station, named after a nearby park (and later renamed Südstern), followed on 14 December of the same year. As the financial situation of Germany and Berlin improved, so too did the underground railway construction, including the branch to Neukölln.

At Hermannplatz station, which resembles something of an U-Bahn cathedral, the first underground rail–rail crossing in Berlin was developed; transfer to the GN-Bahn (later the U8) was intended at this station. The station is also the first Berlin underground station to use escalators. The section from Hasenheide to Bergstraße (later Karl-Marx-Straße) was put into operation on 11 April 1926. The final stage of the Neukölln branch at that time, the 1.5 kilometre-long (0.9 mi) extension to Grenzallee, was put into operation on 21 December 1930—the same day of the opening of what would become the U5 line—during one of the largest underground opening celebrations. Underground passengers could then travel from Seestraße (U6), through the city centre, to either Tempelhof or Grenzallee.

The post-war underground lines were marked out from their 1901–1914 predecessors by their larger tunnels and trains, in order to provide greater competition with the privately run  (). The new trains and tunnels, which were wider but used the same standard-gauge track, were described as  ().

Connection to Rudow

Following World War II—in which many of Berlin's residences were destroyed—large new housing developments were needed. Britz and Britz-Buckow-Rudow (BBR; later renamed Gropiusstadt), which were established in the south of West Berlin, required a new rapid-transit railway connection to the West Berlin city centre; the construction work for the underground railway began on 2 November 1959.

The track from Grenzallee to Britz-Süd opened on 28 September 1963.

Construction began from Britz-Süd to Rudow on 2 January 1965. Travel to Zwickauer Damm was made possible on 2 January 1970, and Rudow received connection to Line 7 on 1 July 1972.

Extension to the west
The branch station Belle-Alliance-Straße (later renamed Mehringdamm), which opened in 1924, had three tracks: a connection to Tempelhof led from the first platform; to Neukölln from the second; and to the city centre from the third. A separation of the Neuköllner branch from the North-South Line was decided upon in order to avoid an overload on the transfer station Hallesches Tor. Therefore, Line 7 was extended west from Belle-Alliance-Straße. The construction work began in the middle of 1962, and was completed on 26 February 1966 with the link to Möckernbrücke station. Beside the construction of Möckernbrücke station, changes to Mehringdamm station—which would become a transfer point between unbranched lines—were necessary.

The further extension of Line 7 was accomplished with subsidy funds. The construction of the track from Möckernbrücke to Fehrbelliner Platz started on 1 July 1962, and finished on 29 January 1971.

In three stages to Spandau: 1960-1984
At the end of the 1960s, ideas about an underground railway line to Spandau arose again. The planned extension to Line 7 through Mierendorffplatz, Jungfernheide, and Nonnendammallee was chosen to improve public transportation to Siemensstadt—important for its many jobs. Already at the time, there were plans to build a subway to Spandau. First steps were taken with the extension of the line of today's line U2 to Ruhleben. The terminus Ruhleben is located directly on the district border to Spandau. Feeder and distribution traffic, until 1967 by tram, replaced by several bus lines, provided solely for the development of Spandau on the subway station Ruhleben.

The construction work for the section Fehrbelliner Platz–Richard-Wagner-Platz began in 1969 which is H-West-II. By 1970, the then shortest and less frequented subway line of Berlin, line 5, oscillated between Deutsche Oper and Richard Wagner Platz. Their old route was shut down for passenger traffic, and a new station was built several meters below the old one. The remaining tunnels could be converted into an operating section, making it the second exchange line between small and large profile after the Waisentunnel at Alexanderplatz station. The route continues under the Brandenburgische Straße and crosses the Kurfürstendamm at Adenauerplatz, where a train station was also built. The station was created as a crossing station as it was (and officially still is) planned to extend the current U-Bahn line U1 from Uhlandstraße to Adenauerplatz. After Adenauerplatz, the track swings under Wilmersdorfer Straße and passes under the Stadtbahn.

Wilmersdorfer Straße was constructed with a pedestrian passage to the Charlottenburg S-Bahn station. At Bismarckstraße, a new underground railway station had to be built, since the pre-existing tunnel of Line 1 (later renamed U2) was in a bad condition and necessitated extensive repair works. After Bismarckstraße, 23 houses had to be underpinned, therefore the shield drive was used for tunnelling this section. The stage from Fehrbelliner Platz to Richard-Wagner-Platz was put into operation on 28 April 1978.

Earthworks and some motorway construction began at Charlottenburg-Nord on 3 July 1967, which is located at Siemensstadt. Construction began for the section to Rohrdamm from 1973. The construction work for the next section towards Spandau began in 1973. The route leads north of the station Richard-Wagner-Platz further under the Sömmeringstraße. Halfway to Mierendorffplatz, the Spree is underpassed using the caisson construction method. After a few meters, the station follows Mierendorffplatz. North of the station, the route makes a wide berth to reach the existing S-Bahn station Jungfernheide. Here, similar to the station Schloßstraße, the platforms were built on two levels. The other tracks are kept until today for a possible extension of the U5, which is to lead from Lehrter to Tegel Airport via Turmstraße and Jungfernheide. However, the plan was cancelled due to the budget situation, the longer length of the extension north of Jungfernheide station due to the planned closure of Tegel Airport. Trams will be replacing the U-Bahn extension. The finished extension is now used for firefighting exercises and is no longer usable for any future line. The extension to Rohrdamm followed on 1 October 1980, providing the district of Spandau with its first underground connection.

The costs of the extension to the Spandau city centre rose to unexpected heights: it consumed 680 million German marks as a result of the need to undercut the Havel river and the swampy ground in the surrounding area. Construction began on 4 July 1977. Several variants were investigated. One plan was to lead the subway through the Haselhorster village center, with a downside that the Havel had to be undercut at one of its widest points. Another variant was that the subway would cross the existing Spandau suburban railway of the S-Bahn and the subway would be led from the south to Spandau city hall. This plan crystallized very late, as the  plan envisaged to lead the U7 over Falkenseer Platz into Falkenhagener Feld. This resulted in the disadvantage that the Spandau old town could not be connected, which was the main goal of the extension. Finally, they decided to continue the route along the Nonnendammallee or the street Am Juliusturm, south past the Spandau Citadel and then directly to the old town and on to the Spandau town hall, with the development of Falkenhagener Feld taken over by the extension of the small profile route of the line U2 of Ruhleben. On 1 October 1984, the last section of the U7 from Rohrdamm to Rathaus Spandau was opened, with the then Federal Chancellor of Germany, Helmut Kohl, in attendance.

Future plans
In 2014, the Berlin city government published the Berlin U-Bahn 2014 Plan, according to which the long-postponed northern extension of the U7 to Staaken is expected to begin construction in 2021 and be completed in 2025. A southern extension from Rudow to Berlin Brandenburg Airport via Neuhofer Straße, Lieselotte-Berger-Straße, and Schönefeld has already been shelved as the expected patronage was not high enough to justify such an expansion. However, in light of the ballot measure aimed at keeping Tegel Airport open after the opening of the new Brandenburg Airport, governing mayor Michael Müller suggested an extension of U7 towards Schönefeld and/or the new airport which was greeted with enthusiasm by local politicians in Schönefeld and the Berlin district of Neukölln.

Line colour and name
In 1966, the branched C line had a violet map colour. After it was separated from the rest of the line and line names were changed from letters to numbers, this route was called  (), and was represented by a grey line. After 1978, however, it was changed to a bright blue, because it is more easily discerned on the map. Since 1984, when all the underground lines received a "U" prefix, it has been called "U7". Station signages use the Helvetica font which is widely used in subway systems globally.

In popular culture
In March 2009, TML-Studios released 'World of Subways Vol. 2: U7 - Berlin' for Windows, which gives players the opportunity to operate a train on the U7 Line in either F90 or H01 rolling stock.

Notes

References

Further reading

Berlin U-Bahn lines

U7 (Berlin U-Bahn)


قصر مسلك  هو مجمع أجنحة قصور عُثماني إمبراطوري سابق واقع في إسطنبول، تركيا. بُنِى القصر أثناء عهد السلطان عبد العزيز بين عامي 1861-1876م لأغراض الاستجمام والصيد. يقع القصر حالياً تحت إدارة القسمِ التركيِ للقصورِ الوطنية.

بُنِى القصر أثناء عهد السلطان عبد العزيز عام 1861م. يقع هذا القصر في اسطنبول في منطقة مسلك مابين منطقة طرابيا واستينيا ويتكون من عدة أقسام وأجنحة.

كان للسلطان محمود الثاني (1808-1839) أول جناح تم بناؤه هناك، وكان السلطان عبد الحميد الثاني (1876-1909) يعيش في الجناح اللاحق كشاب، ولكن معظم الأجنحة يرجع تاريخها إلى عهد السلطان عبد العزيز (1861-1876).

يتمتع القصر بأطلالة رائعة على مضيق البوسفور ويقع وسط الغابات الخضراء، ويعتبر القصر أحد الأمثلة البارزة على فن العمارة العثمانية في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر.

تم افتتاح المجمع كمتحف في عام 1986م وتم تحويل أحد الأجنحة إلى كافتريا.

وصلات خارجية
 قسم القصور المحلية (قصر مسلك)

مصادر
 Erdal Eren, Semra Karakaţli, Ezel Ilter. Maslak Pavilion. TBMM, Istanbul, 1994.

انظر أيضاً
 الهندسة المعمارية العثمانية.

مراجع

السياحة في إسطنبول
تاريخ تركيا
عمارة عثمانية
قصور إسلامية
قصور عثمانية في إسطنبول
متاحف في إسطنبول
معالم تركيا

قصر مسلك


Sir Frederick Handley Page, (15 de novembro de 1885 - 21 de abril de 1962) foi um industrial inglês que foi pioneiro na indústria aeronáutica e ficou conhecido como o pai do bombardeiro pesado.

Sua empresa Handley Page Limited era mais conhecida por suas grandes aeronaves, como os bombardeiros Handley Page e Halifax e o avião comercial HP42. Este último foi o carro-chefe da frota da Imperial Airways entre as guerras e notável na época por não ter se envolvido em mortes de passageiros.

Ele também é conhecido por sua invenção, com Gustav Lachmann, do slot de ponta para melhorar as características de estol das asas de aeronaves. Frederick Handley Page era o tio do ás da aviação da Segunda Guerra Mundial Geoffrey Page.

Referências
Industriais do Reino Unido

Frederick Handley Page


Georg Ludwig Cohn-Levin (* 19. September 1845 in Breslau; † 16. Februar 1918 in Zürich) war ein deutscher Rechtswissenschaftler.

Leben
Der Sohn eines Kaufmanns studierte Rechtswissenschaft an den Universitäten Breslau und Berlin und promovierte 1868 in Greifswald. Von 1868 bis 1876 stand er in preußischem Justizdienst. 1876 wurde er an der Universität Heidelberg habilitiert und 1878 zum ausserordentlichen Professor und 1886 zum Honorarprofessor berufen. 1892 wurde er ordentlicher Professor für deutsche und schweizerische Rechtsgeschichte sowie deutsches und schweizerisches Privatrecht an der Universität Zürich. Von 1902 bis 1904 war er Rektor der Universität Zürich. Cohn war Mitglied der Hamburger Freimaurerloge Zur Brudertreue an der Elbe.

Seine Tochter Elsbeth (1882–1975) wurde Ökonomin und war als Lehrerin und Schriftstellerin tätig, sein Sohn Felix (1893–1965) wurde Neurologe.

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Quid intersit inter confoederationem civitatum et civitatem confoederatam ex constitutionibus Germaniae, Helvetiae, Americae septentrionalis exponatur. Typis Friderici Hache, Greifswald 1868 (= Dissertation, Universität Greifswald, 1868).
 Justizverweigerung im altdeutschen Recht (= Die Verbrechen im öffentlichen Dienst nach altdeutschem Recht. Abt. 1). Braun, Karlsruhe 1876 (= Habilitationsschrift, Universität Leipzig, 1876). Nachdruck: Keip, Frankfurt am Main 1968.
 Die Symbolik im germanischen Familienrecht. Zürich 1891.
 Der Kampf um den Wechselprotest. Berlin 1905.
 Das neue Deutsche Bürgerliche Recht in Sprüchen. 4 Teile. Otto Liebmann, Berlin 1896–1900. Nachdruck: Keip, Goldbach 2001, ISBN 3-8051-0882-6.

Literatur
 Staatswissenschaftliche Fakultät Zürich: Festschrift für Georg Cohn zu seinem siebenzigsten Geburtstage: Im Verein mit Freunden, Schülern und Verehrern. Orell Füssli, Zürich 1915. Nachdruck: Keip, Frankfurt am Main 1989.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Privatrechtler (19. Jahrhundert)
Privatrechtler (20. Jahrhundert)
Rechtshistoriker (19. Jahrhundert)
Rechtshistoriker (20. Jahrhundert)
Rektor (Universität Zürich)
Hochschullehrer (Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg)
Freimaurer (Deutschland)
Freimaurer (19. Jahrhundert)
Deutscher
Geboren 1845
Gestorben 1918
Mann

Georg Cohn