Irfan Pathan (; born 27 October 1984) is a former Indian cricketer turned commentator and analyst. He was a bowling all-rounder and a member of the Indian cricket team that won the inaugural 2007 ICC Twenty20 World Cup and 2013 ICC Champions Trophy.

Beginning his career as a fast-medium swing and seam bowler, Pathan broke into the national team soon after turning 19, and evoked comparisons with Pakistan's Wasim Akram with his promising performances and prodigious swing of, however, later turned out to be a disappointment. In early 2006, Pathan became the only bowler to take a Test hat-trick in the first over of the match (vs Pakistan at Karachi). However, the productive run did not last and after the start of 2006, Pathan began to steadily lose pace and swing, and his wicket-taking dwindled. Although Pathan's batting continued to be productive, he was not regarded as a specialist and was dropped from the team in both Tests and ODIs by the end of 2006, and by 2007 was no longer in the squad until his return in 2007 World Twenty20.

Irfan Pathan, along with players such as Vinod Kambli and Laxman Sivaramakrishnan, was included in the list of "India's lost boys" by Shashi Tharoor.

He cemented his position in the team and was named by the International Cricket Council as the 2004 ICC Men's Emerging Player of the Year. Pathan was instrumental in India's One-day international and Test series wins in Pakistan in 2004. He was described by the media as the "blue-eyed boy" of Indian cricket. In late-2004 he took 18 wickets in two Tests against Bangladesh, but the start of 2005 he performed poorly and conceded runs at a high rate, leading to a brief exile from the one-day international (ODI) team.

Immediately thereafter, Australian Greg Chappell, one of the leading batsmen of his time, became India's coach (2005) and identified Pathan's batting potential. Pathan improved his batting skills and tried to become a complete bowling all-rounder, and he opened the batting on occasions in ODIs and scored 93 in a Test match (10 Dec 2005, versus Sri Lanka in Delhi) in the role after an illness to Virender Sehwag. He made three scores beyond 80 in the space of four Test innings against Sri Lanka and Pakistan. For the first nine months of Chappell's stint at the helm, Pathan performed strongly with both bat and ball, scoring runs regularly and frequently taking top-order wickets. He rose to No. 2 in the ICC's ODI rankings for all-rounders and was also in the top five in the Test rankings. This led critics to compare him to former Indian pace bowling allrounder Kapil Dev.

He returned to international cricket in September 2007 for the inaugural World Twenty20, where he took three wickets and was man of the match as India beat Pakistan in the final. Pathan became the first Indian bowler on T20 World Cup debut who picked up a wicket on the very first ball. This earned him a recall into the ODI team, where he was a regular for most of the next 12 months before being dropped as his economy rate continued to trend upwards and subsequently struggled with a loss of form and injuries. In late-2007 Pathan was also recalled into the Test team after 19 months and hit his maiden Test century, but could not maintain his place in the team as his bowling was not effective enough with only two pacemen needed. Pathan played his last Test for India in April 2008 against South Africa. He continued to perform with both bat and ball at the domestic level, although his sedate pace was frequently criticized as being irrelevant at the international level. However, he impressed during the 2011–12 Ranji Trophy, where he was the leading wicket-taker, and his performances earned him a recall to the national side again.

He was a contestant in the dance reality show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa in 2015. Irfan Pathan made his acting debut in the 2022 Indian film Cobra.

Background and personal life

Pathan was born 27 October 1984 in Baroda, Gujarat, India and is of  Pashtun (Pathan) ancestry, belonging to the Pathan community in Gujarat. He grew up with his elder  brother Yusuf in a mosque in Vadodara, in an impoverished family. His father served as the muezzin. Although their parents wished them to become Islamic scholars, Pathan and his brother took an interest in cricket. In the beginning his deliveries did not reach the other end of the cricket pitch, but rigorous six-hour training sessions in blazing heat and his family's sense of discipline saw him progress steadily.

Pathan had a 10-year long relationship with Australia-based Shivangi Dev. She wanted to marry him but since Irfan wished his older brother Yusuf to get married prior, differences began to grow between the two and their relationship broke in 2012.  He married a Hyderabad-based model, Safa Baig, on 4 February 2016, in Mecca. They have two sons.

Early career
Under the guidance of former Indian captain Datta Gaekwad, Pathan rose to get selected in the Under-14 Baroda cricket team, and when he was selected at Under-15 level to represent Baroda in a national tournament, he was finally presented with a full set of cricket equipment, having before been restricted to second-hand gear due to his family's limited economic means.

In December 1997, Pathan broke into the Baroda Under-16 team, less than two months after turning 13. He took a total of 1/35 and scored 1 and 11 against Gujarat and was dropped immediately afterwards. He did not play again for the Under-16s for two years, and in November 1999, less than a month after turning 15, he made his next appearance, this time for Baroda Under-19s against Maharashtra. He scored 61 and 9 and took a total of 3/41 in a victory, but was immediately dropped back to the Under-16s for the next match, and spent the rest of the 1999–2000 season there. He bowled short spells in the younger division, taking four wickets at 38.00 in six matches, averaging less than seven overs an innings. He had more success with the bat, scoring 253 runs at 31.62 including a best of 72 against Mumbai.

Pathan was then selected for the India Under-15 team in mid-2000 to play a series of matches against their colleagues from other countries. He took 15 wickets at 12.66 in ten matches, including a best of 3/2 against Thailand, and scored 15 runs at 7.50. India won all but one of the matches, most by enormous margins.

Youth career
At the start of the 2000–01 season, Pathan was immediately back in the Under-19s, this time bowling more, often delivering more than 20 overs per innings. In four matches, he scored 102 runs at 102.00 including a best of 63 not out, and took 10 wickets at 32.50. He was then promoted to the Under-22s, where he scored 44 and took 4/71 in his first match against Saurashtra, prompting the Baroda selectors to propel him into the senior team.

In 2003–04, he was then selected for India Emerging Players for a series of limited-overs matches against counterparts from Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Pathan took seven wickets at 11.00 in three matches, including 4/22 and 3/35 in two matches against Pakistan.

In late 2003, he was selected for the India Under-19 team to compete in an Asian youth ODI competition in Pakistan, where he was the leading bowler with 18 wickets at 7.38, with an economy rate of 3.54. This was more than twice that of the second leading wicket-taker. He was named as the player of the tournament, which India won after defeating Sri Lanka by eight wickets in the final. Pathan was featured on the headlines when he claimed 9/16 against Bangladesh, helping to bowl them out for 34, and helped India to emerge victorious over Sri Lanka in the final, taking 3/33. Pathan also scored 94 runs at 31.33 with the bat, compiling scores of 32, 28 and 34. Pathan returned to India and took 3/51 and 1/33 and scored 26 and 12 in his first Ranji Trophy match for the season, against Andhra Pradesh. This resulted in him being selected for the Indian national squad for the 2003–04 Border-Gavaskar Trophy Test series in Australia.

Domestic career
He started against Bengal in March 2001, after fellow left-arm paceman Zaheer Khan was selected for the national team. He scored 13 not out and 2, and took 3/40 and 2/68 in a 222-run win. However, he was unable to repeat this form in the three remaining matches, taking only two more wickets in total, but Baroda nevertheless managed to win the Ranji Trophy. He ended his maiden season with seven wickets at 43.28 and 75 runs at 12.50 with a best score of 40 not out against Orissa.

The Ranji win saw Baroda qualify for the following season's Irani Trophy where they took on the Rest of India. Pathan scored 32 in the second innings and took 3/95 and 1/34 in a defeat, but his performance reminded Test batsman V. V. S. Laxman of Zaheer. However, he was omitted from the senior team and sent back to the Under-19s the next week and stayed there for the next two months, playing eight double-innings matches for Baroda. He took 20 wickets at 20.40, including a best of 6/41 against Gujarat, and scoring 190 runs at 31.66 with a best of 63 not out. Pathan was then recalled to the senior team and made his List A debut against Mumbai, taking 1/69 from nine overs. Pathan further honed his bowling at the MRF Pace Foundation in Chennai, after being referred by Indian selector Kiran More.

In early 2002, he was selected for the Under-19 Cricket World Cup in New Zealand, where he took six wickets at 27.50 and scored 30 runs at 15.00, taking 2/18 in a win over South Africa.

Upon returning to India, Pathan was selected in a senior zonal team for the first time. He was selected for West Zone for the Duleep Trophy, even though he had not played a single match for Baroda in the Ranji Trophy season. He immediately repaid the selectors' faith by taking 4/74 and 6/72, his first ten-wicket match haul, in the first fixture against Central Zone, setting up a 161-run win. In the next match, he took 4/72 and 3/85 as West defeated North by 178 runs. He only took 1/55 in the next match against South but West were through to the final, where he took 4/43 to help cut down East Zone for 162 in the first innings, sealing the title. In all Pathan, had taken 22 wickets at 18.22 for the tournament, and scored 46 runs at 11.50.

These performances propelled Pathan into the India A team at the age of 17 and a half, for a tour of Sri Lanka, where he took six wickets at 35.00 in three first-class matches. Pathan then went on an India Under-19 tour of England in mid-2002. He took 15 wickets at 25.93 in the three youth Tests, which India lost 1–0, with a best of 4/83 in the Second Test. He then took four wickets at 42.00, conceding more than six runs an over, and scored 66 runs at 33.00 in the three youth ODIs, which India won 2–1.

Pathan was rewarded with selection in the Rest of India team that played against Railways in the Irani Trophy at the start of the 2002–03 season. He took a total of 2/84 and scored 29 as the Ranji champions prevailed. He struggled in the Ranji Trophy, taking 18 wickets at 39.33 in seven matches. Half of his wickets came in one match against Orissa in which he claimed 6/31 and 3/46 in an innings victory. He scored 161 runs at 23.00, with a 54 against Tamil Nadu being his maiden first-class fifty, as well as two other forties. Despite a lack of wickets for Baroda, Pathan was selected for the Duleep Trophy, playing for Elite Group A. He took 5/88 and 4/106 against Plate Group A and 4/101 against Elite Group C, before taking 3/53 and 2/42 as Elite Group A defeated Elite Group B in the final by seven wickets. Pathan ended the tournament with 19 wickets at 27.00 and scored 72 runs at 24.00. In the one-dayers, Pathan also struggled for Baroda, taking three wickets at 64.66 in four matches at an economy rate of 4.85, but he was nevertheless selected for the zonal team, where he took four wickets at 34.25 in four matches at an economy rate of 3.91.

In 2003 he was selected for the India A team which travelled to England. Playing in five first-class matches, Pathan took nine wickets at 43.77, including 4/60 against Yorkshire and 3/83 against South Africa. He managed only 8 runs at 4.00 with the bat. He had more success in the limited-overs matches, taking eight wickets at 11.12 in three matches, including a 4/19 against Lancashire, and scoring 27 runs at 27.00.

At the start of the 2003–04 season, Pathan played in the domestic Challenger Trophy for the first time. Representing India A, he had little success, taking two wickets at 79.00 at an economy rate of 5.85, and he did not force his way into India's limited-overs team. In 2019, he joined the Jammu and Kashmir cricket team as coach-cum-mentor.

International career

Early years (2003–2005)

Pathan made his Test debut in the Second Test against Australia at the Adelaide Oval in December 2003. At the age of 19, he opened the bowling following an injury to the Baroda left-armer Zaheer Khan in the First Test. In a high scoring match, he took the wicket of Matthew Hayden while giving away 160 runs at almost five runs an over. He scored one in his only innings as India took a four-wicket victory. He was dropped for the following Test upon the return of Zaheer, but was recalled for the Fourth Test at the Sydney Cricket Ground after Zaheer broke down in his only spell in the Third Test. On another flat pitch, Pathan took the wickets of Steve Waugh, Adam Gilchrist in the first innings in a spell of reverse swing bowling. He had Waugh caught behind from an outswinger and then bowled Gilchrist with an inswinging yorker. He ended with 2/80 in the first innings and dismissed Ricky Ponting in the second innings to end with match figures of 3/106.

In the ODI tri-nation tournament against Australia and Zimbabwe that followed, Pathan was the leading wicket-taker with 16 wickets at an average of 31 in his maiden ODI series. After ending with 0/61 from ten overs on debut against Australia, he bounced back to take 3/64 and 3/51 in the next two matches against the World Cup holders. He earned his first international man of the match award in the tournament, after taking 4/24 against Zimbabwe at the WACA Ground in Perth in his eighth ODI. However, his tour ended on a bad note after he was reprimanded by match referees for mocking the Australian batsman Damien Martyn after his dismissal in the second final. In that match, he took 2/75 as Australia amassed 5/359 and crushed India by 208 runs. Pathan made 30 in the match as his team folded for only 151. His batting improved towards the end of the tour with three scores of at least 19 in his last four innings, and he ended with 86 runs at 17.20 for the tournament.

Pathan subsequently led the pace attack again on the 2004 Test tour to Pakistan, taking 12 wickets and bowling a higher proportion of maiden overs than any other bowler to help secure India's first series victory over Pakistan in two decades. In the first innings, he bowled 28 overs and took 4/100 to help India restrict their arch-rivals to 407 and take a 268-run lead. After stand-in captain Rahul Dravid enforced the follow on, Pathan tied the Pakistanis down, bowling 12 maidens in his 21 overs to end with 2/26 as India secured an innings win. Pathan then scored 49 in the Second Test in Lahore after a batting collapse of the top order, helping India to recover to 287. However this was not enough as Pakistan reached 489 despite Pathan bowling 44 overs to take 3/107, and the hosts went on to complete a nine-wicket win. In the deciding Test in Rawalpindi, Pathan took 2/49 and 1/35 in an innings win. He ended the series with 12 wickets at 28.50 and 64 runs at 21.33.

Golden form
He also continued his prolific wicket-taking in the ODIs, taking eight wickets at 17.87 at an economy rate of 4.76 in three matches, including three top-order wickets in the deciding fifth ODI in Lahore. He also scored 36 runs at 36.00 in the ODIs. His ability to swing the ball both ways and his innings in Lahore led to speculation that he could become an all rounder. In recognition of his performances at the start of his international career, Pathan was named the ICC Emerging Player of the Year in 2004.

Pathan continued his productive form in ODIs at the 2004 Asian Cup in Sri Lanka, where he was the leading wicket-taker with 14 wickets at 16.28 at an economy rate of 4.37 in six matches, with three three-wicket hauls against the United Arab Emirates, Bangladesh and Pakistan respectively. He also scored 64 runs at 32.00 including a 38 in a defeat against Pakistan.

Struggle in form
He then struggled during an ODI tour in Europe, taking three wickets at 78.00 at an economy rate of 5.48 from five matches. India won only one of these games and lost four. Pathan returned to form during India's brief campaign at the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy in England, where he claimed 5 wickets at an average of 9.00 and economy rate of 3.00. He took 2/11 against Kenya and 3/34 against Pakistan, but defeat at the hands of the latter ended India's campaign.

Returning to India, Pathan then represented his country at the highest level for the first time on home soil. Pathan continued to improve his batting with a defiant 31 and 55 against Australia in October 2004 in the First Test in Bangalore. This was his first half-century in Tests, and was scored after the specialist batsmen had failed. Nevertheless, he managed a total of only 2/100 and India fell to a 217-run loss. Pathan's career was put on hold after he suffered a side strain in the following Test in Chennai, in which he totalled 0/68, causing him to miss the Tests in Nagpur and Mumbai. Australia went on to take the series 2–1 and Pathan ended with two wickets at 84.00 and 100 runs at 33.33. After being overlooked for the First Test with selectors opting for three spinners, he returned in the Second Test against South Africa in Kolkata, aggregating 3/89 and scoring 24 in an eight-wicket win that sealed a 1–0 series win.

Success in return
Pathan made his name in Tests on the December tour to Bangladesh. Swinging the ball both ways, Pathan took 5/45 and 6/51 including several LBW decisions in the First Test in Dhaka to claim his first ten-wicket haul and his first Test man of the match award as India claimed a commanding innings victory. He followed this with a match haul of 7/118 in the following match in Chittagong to take 18 wickets at 11.88 to be named as man of the series. India swept the series, winning both matches by an innings. Although the Indian batsmen scored heavily, Pathan managed only five and four. He played in only one of the three ODIs against the hosts as India rotated their players, taking 1/45 and scoring 21 not out in an 11-run win.

In late 2004, the Board of Control for Cricket in India introduced central contracts for international players for the first time, and Pathan was given a B-grade contract. 2005 began rather poorly for Pathan. He took only six wickets at 68.33 in the home Test series against Pakistan after losing pace and accuracy. In the last two matches, he managed totals of 2/122 and 1/160, conceding more than four runs an over as the Pakistani batsmen scored heavily. He scored 64 runs at 16.00 and made a duck in the second innings of the Third Test as the hosts collapsed on the last day to squander the series 1–1.

Ups and downs
He was subsequently dropped for the ODI series, playing in only one match in which he conceded 67 runs without picking up a wicket in 8 overs. However, he did manage to post his first ODI half-century, scoring 64, defiantly holding up his end as India were bowled out for 213, sealing a 106-run loss. Greg Chappell became the coach of the Indian team following the Pakistan series and identified Pathan as a potential all-rounder. He started to hone Pathan's batting skills, which had up to this point yielded 275 Test runs at 19.64.
Pathan was subsequently signed by Middlesex County Cricket Club for the English country season, where he attempted to regain his form after his bad start to the year. Pathan arrived in late-May and stayed for six weeks. He achieved better results than in the Pakistan series, taking six wickets at 24.66 and an economy rate of 5.41 in four one-dayers, including 3/42 against Essex. In the new Twenty20 format, Pathan took 12 wickets at 12.75 and an economy rate of 6.37 in seven matches, including a best of 4/27 against Essex. He scored 21 not out in the same match to help seal a 31-run win. However, his difficulties in first-class matches continued. He took 4/81 and 1/68, and scored 41 and 13 not out in a productive debut against Sussex, and Middlesex were only one wicket away from victory when time ran out. However, he failed to take another wicket and ended with five wickets at 64.80 and 126 runs at 63.00, scoring 68 against Surrey.

Pathan was recalled to the ODI team for the 2005 Indian Oil Cup in Sri Lanka in August. This was Chappell's first series as a coach, in which Pathan played in all five matches and took 6 wickets at 33.83 at an economy rate of 4.41, but conceded 0/59 from nine overs as the hosts won the final. He scored 58 runs at 29.00 including an unbeaten 36 after India's batting collapsed in a loss to the hosts in a preliminary match.

Making history
He showed further signs of returning to peak form in the Videocon Triangular Series in Zimbabwe, taking 10 wickets at 16.10 at an economy rate of 5.03 and scored 60 runs at 30.00 in four matches. This included a haul of 3/34 and then a score of 50 as India collapsed to 164 all out and a 51-run loss to New Zealand. In another match, he took his ODI career best of 5/27 against Zimbabwe in Harare as the hosts fell for 65. Despite his overall good form, Pathan was punished by the New Zealanders in the final, conceding 40 runs in five wicketless overs as India lost their second successive final. He was subsequently the leading wicket-taker as India took a 2–0 clean sweep of an away Test series against Zimbabwe. In the First Test in Bulawayo, Pathan took 5/58 and 4/53 as well as scoring 52 in a man of the match performance to help India to an innings victory. He followed this with a 7/59 haul, his Test career best innings haul, and 5/67 in the final Test in Harare, his second ten-wicket match haul to set up a ten wicket victory, having also scored 32 in the first innings. He was again named man of the match, and his 21 wickets at 11.29 runs saw him named man of the series. This made him only the third bowler after Anil Kumble and Johnny Briggs to take 21 wickets in a two-match series.

Upon the team's return to India, Chappell experimented with Pathan by using him as an opening batsman in the Challenger Trophy prior to the late 2005 series against Sri Lankan cricket team. This yielded only moderate success with scores of 28 and 11 not out. Pathan took six wickets at 29.16 at an economy rate of 5.17. Pathan was subsequently used at No. 3 in the batting line-up in the First ODI against Sri Lanka in Nagpur, where he scored 83 runs from 70 balls to help India post a total of 6/350. Pathan also took 4/37 and 3/38 in the  second and seventh matches at Mohali and Baroda respectively to win two-man of the match awards, taking ten wickets at 25.60 at ane economy rate of 5.22 for the whole series. He added a 35 in the final match and ended the series with 118 runs at 39.33, playing akey role in India's 6–1 triumph. Pathan continued his strong ODI form with another man of the match performance of 3/23 and a knock of 37 runs against South Africa in the second ODI in Bangalore, having scored 46 in the middle-order in the first match after a top-order collapse. He ended the series with six wickets at 20.33 at an economy rate of 4.69 and 83 runs at 27.66.

After scoring two consecutive ducks in the Test series against Sri Lanka, Pathan was elevated to opening in the second innings of the Second Test in Delhi, after regular opener Virender Sehwag was down with illness. Having taken 3/34 from 22 overs in the first innings, Pathan scored 93 runs, building on a first innings lead of 60 to help set up a winning target of 436. In the following match in Ahmedabad, he scored 82 runs and combined in a century stand with V. V. S. Laxman to revive India after an early batting collapse saw five wickets fall during the first half of the opening day. He also took seven wickets at an average of 26.00 runs in the series, which India won 2–0. Pathan later admitted that he had been disappointed in failing to score a Test century. Following his strong performances in 2005, Pathan was promoted in December to an A-grade contract by the Board of Control for Cricket in India.

Pathan had another difficult start to the new year in 2006 on the Test tour to Pakistan. In the first two Test matches played on flat surfaces in Lahore and Faisalabad, he had little success against the Pakistani batsmen, taking a total of two wickets while conceding 319 runs at more than four runs an over. After not getting an opportunity in the First Test—India lost only one wicket—Pathan made use of the good batting conditions himself and scored 90 in a double century partnership with wicket-keeper Mahendra Singh Dhoni in Faisalabad. Pathan found success with the ball in the Third Test in Karachi, when on 29 January he became the first – and to date only – person to claim a hat-trick in the first over of a Test match. It was also the highest in terms of total averages of the batsmen dismissed (130.18: Salman Butt 34.27, Younis Khan 46.04, Mohammad Yousuf 49.86) and came after 1783 Tests in the history of cricket. He had Butt caught by Dravid in the slips from an outswinger, before trapping Younis leg before wicket and bowling Yousuf, both with inswingers. He finished with a haul of 5/61 after the hosts staged a lower-order counter-attack but was punished in the second innings, taking 1 wicket while conceding 106 runs as Pakistan set a target which was beyond India's reach. Pathan ended the series with 134 runs at 44.66 and took eight wickets at 60.75. Despite his Test travails, Pathan continued to perform strongly in the ODI arena, scoring 65 in the top order in the first ODI against Pakistan in Peshawar before making three consecutive three wicket hauls in the following matches. This included a man of the match performance that included a haul of 3 wickets for 43 runs at Rawalpindi as he claimed nine wickets at 18.88 at an economy rate of 4.49 for the series. Having taken an unassailable 3–1 lead, India rested Pathan for the final match.

Pathan had a quiet series against England following his return to India, taking 8 wickets at an average of 39.37 runs and scoring 121 runs at an average of 24.20 runs in three Tests. Pathan scored 52 in the first innings of the Second Test in Mohali, helping India to a first-innings lead and eventually a nine-wicket win. In the Third Test, Pathan managed only 1/84 in total and scored 26 and 6 as they collapsed on the final day and ceded their series lead. Again his ODI form was unaffected, taking eleven wickets at 15.63 in five matches, and scoring 123 runs at 41.00 with the bat as India easily claimed the series 5–1. Pathan scored 28 and then took 3/21 in a low-scoring 29-win in the first match, before scoring 36 and taking 4/51 in the third match in Goa. India then took an unassailable 4–0 lead by winning the fourth match, in which Pathan took 1/27 before scoring 46 in the run-chase.

Drop in form again
Pathan began to suffer a loss of form during the tour of the West Indies in May 2006, when he managed only 24 runs at 6.00 and took 6 wickets at 29.83 at an economy rate of 5.59 while bowling in the ODI arena as India lost the series 4–1. After a poor display in a tour match, in which he was hit for 70 runs in 12 overs and appeared jaded, he was dropped from the Test team as V. R. V. Singh became the third place bowler and captain Rahul Dravid scrapped the five bowler strategy. Pathan only played once in the Second Test, after Sreesanth was sidelined due to injury. He scored 19 and took 1/43 and 1/50 as India enforced the follow on but the hosts hung on for a draw with three wickets in hand. India then selected two spinners in the last two Tests, and Pathan could not gain one of the two pace positions. Chappell stated that Pathan was fatigued and had been overworked but was confident that Pathan "would recover from his slump and rise to further heights", asserting that he was still young and learning. Former India paceman Javagal Srinath expressed concern about Pathan's dwindling pace, but expressed that swing was the first priority in backing Pathan's return to international cricket.

These concerns were further magnified in late 2006, when Pathan conceded 54 runs in six overs in the first two matches of a triangular ODI tournament in Malaysia. Despite scoring 64 in the top-order in the first of these matches against the West Indies, Pathan was dropped for the rest of the tournament. He appeared to have run into some form during the Challenger Trophy when he took five wickets at 15.80 at an economy rate of 4.64 and scored 95 runs at 31.66 in three matches.

Pathan was then demoted from the position of an opening bowler in ODIs during the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy; he took four wickets at 24.00 at an economy rate of 4.80, and scored only 29 runs at 9.66, as India were knocked out in the first round. Pathan was then limited to sporadic ODI appearances on the late-2006 tour to South Africa. Playing in three of the five matches, he took a solitary wicket at 136.00, conceding 7.15 runs per over, the only bright spot being an unbeaten 47 as India were skittled for 163 in one match; they were whitewashed by the hosts.

Since the West Indies tour in May 2006, Pathan had only been taking wickets at 41.33. He subsequently fell out of the Top 10 of the ICC bowling rankings and the Top 5 of the All rounder rankings after having spent the previous year on the list. Despite this, Indian captain Rahul Dravid remained optimistic about Pathan's prospects, stating "The number of Man-of-the-Matches that Irfan has won is a testimony to the fact that he's a proven matchwinner for us. He takes wickets early, contributes with the bat, is good in the field." Despite top scoring in both innings of a first-class warm-up match in Potchefstroom, scoring 111 not out and 40 not out whilst many specialist batsmen failed to cope with the bouncy conditions, he totalled only 1/49 from eight overs with the ball and was overlooked by the selectors for the First Test in Johannesburg. This indicated that although he had scored 560 runs at 35.00 under Chappell's coaching, they saw bowling, which had been steadily declining, as his primary responsibility. After a poor bowling display in the subsequent tour match in which he conceded 74 runs in only 11 overs, Pathan became the first player to be sent home by the BCCI during a tour for poor performance rather than indiscipline. It was later revealed by Kiran More that it was a mutual agreement so that Pathan could play for Baroda in the final two rounds of Ranji Trophy in an attempt to regain form via match practice instead of watching the final two Tests from the sidelines. He subsequently led Baroda to the semi-finals after scoring 82* to help defeat Uttar Pradesh by five wickets, but his bowling remained ineffective, returning figures of 2/108 and 1/59, conceding 4.77 runs per over. Former Indian captain Sunil Gavaskar attributed Pathan's situation to mismanagement, asserting that Pathan has been "messed about" as well as insinuating foul play. Pathan's fortunes improved in the next two matches, totalling 5/92 and 7/96 against Tamil Nadu and Mumbai respectively.

Pathan was initially dropped for the ODI series hosted by India against the West Indies, but was recalled for the final match in his home town after claiming seven wickets against Mumbai in the Ranji Trophy semi-final. His performance was regarded as lacklustre, taking 1/43 from seven overs. The selectors persisted and named him in the squad for the 2007 Cricket World Cup, but injury stopped him from playing in the ODI series against Sri Lanka, denying him an opportunity to regain form.
Pathan on his return took two wickets of the overs which he bowled. He had an impressive start as he took the wicket of Lendl Simmons as a Leg Before Wicket. For his performances in 2006, he was named in the World ODI XI by the ICC.

After taking 1/12 and 3/25 in warm-up matches against the Netherlands and the West Indies in the Caribbean, Pathan did not play a match at the World Cup, and was among a group of players to be dropped from the squad following India's exit from the first round. He played no part in the tours of Bangladesh and England. Instead, he was sent on an India A tour of Africa. Two years after devastating the Zimbabwean batsmen, he played against a Zimbabwe Select XI, he took only six wickets at 30.16 in two matches, and then took eight wickets at 18.12 in two matches against Kenya. India won all four matches, and Pathan scored 87 runs at 21.75. Pathan then took six wickets at 23.83 and scored 93 runs at 31.00 in four one-dayers.

Strong comeback
With India's older players opting out of the inaugural World Twenty20, Pathan was one of several younger players to regain national selection. India were not expected to do well in a format that favoured stronger fielding sides. In the first match, he scored 20 and took 2/20 in four overs as India tied with Pakistan in the first round, before winning in a bowl-out. He then took 0/16 as India lost to New Zealand before taking 3/37 in a defeat of England. India needed a win over hosts South Africa to reach the semi-final and Pathan conceded only 16 runs from his four overs, helping to restrict the hosts to 9/116 in pursuit of 154. Pathan then took 2/44, removing Brad Hodge and Andrew Symonds as India managed to defend 188 for a 15-run win to reach the finals. India faced arch-rivals Pakistan in the final. Pathan was declared the Man of the match after bowling a tidy spell and taking 3/16, including the removal of Pakistan captain Shoaib Malik and then the big-hitting Shahid Afridi for a duck in the space of three balls, before later bowling Yasir Arafat.

As a result of his performances in South Africa, Pathan was recalled to the ODI team and played in the home series against Australia and Pakistan in late 2007. He played in all 12 matches, seven against Australia and five against Pakistan. Pathan scored 131 runs at 18.71 in the lower-order and took 12 wickets at 46.00 at an economy rate of 5.02, averaging substantially worse than his overall career statistics. It was a steady performance; Pathan never took more than two wickets in any match and his economy rate was always between 4.60 and 6.66 and scored 26 and 29 in consecutive matches in Baroda and Rajkot against Australia before making 43 in the final match against Pakistan.

With India opting to field two spinners and two pacemen on turning tracks in the home Test series against Pakistan in late 2007, Pathan missed the first two Tests as Zaheer and Rudra Pratap Singh were the fast bowlers chosen. In the meantime, he took 11 wickets at 23.81 and scored 90 runs at 30.00 in two Ranji Trophy matches. Injury to both Zaheer and Singh in his colleagues resulted in his recall for the Third Test at Bangalore. Pathan scored his maiden Test century, reaching the mark with a six from leg spinner Danish Kaneria to move from 96 to 102 with only last man, paceman Ishant Sharma left to accompany him, before holing out in the same over. He made 21 not out in the second innings but was unpenetrative with the ball, taking a total of 1/110 as the tourists hung on for a draw.

Pathan gained selection for the 2007–08 tour of Australia, but did not play in the first two Tests with only two pacemen chosen. Zaheer and Singh were the first-choice pace duo before the former was injured and replaced by Ishant, who had taken five wickets in the first innings of the Bangalore Test. With the Third Test held on the bouncy WACA Ground in Perth, Pathan replaced second spinner Harbhajan Singh. He batted well with scores of 28 and 46 respectively. His second innings performance came as a nightwatchman in order to shield other batsmen from the new ball late in the second day. After entering at the fall of the first wicket, he batted for more than two hours and was the sixth man to fall. Pathan rediscovered his ability to swing the ball, taking 2/63 and 3/54, including both Australian openers in each innings, having the hosts two wickets down in both innings before 50 runs had been scored. He had four of his victims caught behind the wicket off an edge and trapped Chris Rogers lbw. India won by 72 runs and Pathan was recognised with the man of the match award.

After his batting displays in Perth, Pathan was promoted to open the batting in the Fourth Test in Adelaide, replacing the struggling Wasim Jaffer and thereby allowing Harbhajan to return in a five-bowler attack. In a high-scoring match, Pathan took 3/112, but he struggled with the responsibility of opening, scoring nine and a duck. In a high-scoring match, he took 3/112 in Australia's 563.Following the Test series, he top-scored with 26 as India were skittles for 74 in the one-off T20 international. Pathan held his place in the ODI team and played all 10 matches in the Commonwealth Bank Trophy, scoring 118 runs at 19.66 mostly in the lower order and taking 11 wickets at 34.27 at an economy rate of 5.49. His best performance was a 4/41 against Australia at Adelaide to help restrict the hosts to 203 but India then collapsed to a 50-run loss. His top-score of 31 in the series came in partnership with captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni in the closing stages of a successful and tense run-chase against Sri Lanka. Pathan struggled in the two finals against Australia, taking three wickets at 39.00 at an economy rate of 7.46 but his teammates did enough to ensure a 2–0 win.
An extra bowler backfired as the batsmen struggled. Pathan top-scored with 21* in India's first innings of 76 on the first morning and was again unbeaten in the second innings with 43.  However, he failed to take a wicket and conceded 85 runs in only 21.2 overs in an innings defeat, and was omitted from the next Test. After the South Africa series, Pathan participated in the 2008 Indian Premier League, having been purchased by the Kings XI Punjab.

He took 15 wickets at 23.33 at the economy rate of 6.60 runs per over. His most effective performance came when he added an unbeaten 24 and took 2/18 from his four overs to help Punjab to a nine-run win over the Kolkata Knight Riders. He scored 131 runs at 21.83 and added 40 in a failed run-chase against Chennai Super Kings.

Back on the fringes

Following the IPL, Pathan resumed international duties in the Kitply Cup and the 2008 Asia Cup. He had an unproductive time with the ball; although he scored a total of 86 runs at 28.66, he took seven wickets at 51.42 at an economy rate of 6.56. Pathan was overlooked for the Tests in Sri Lanka but was called into the team for the one-dayers, but played in only three of the five fixtures. He took three wickets at 34.66, conceding 5.20 runs an over, and struggled with the bat, scoring 19 runs at 6.33 as the Indian batting collapsed in each match. He was then included in an India A team for a series of matches against touring counterparts from New Zealand and Australia. He had average results, taking four wickets at 43.75 and an economy rate of 4.86, and scored 56 runs at 18.66 in four games. He did better the Challenger Trophy, taking six wickets at 14.00 at an economy rate of 3.42, and scored 71 runs at 35.50 as India Blue won all three matches.

At the start of the first-class season, Pathan scored 56 but took a total of only 1/91 for the Board President's XI against the touring Australians ahead of the Test series, and he was overlooked for Test selection as India used only two pacemen. He returned to play for Baroda in the Ranji Trophy. He played in four matches and performed strongly, taking 26 wickets at 16.03 and scored 166 runs at 33.20. He started the season with 6/85 and 1/34 in a draw against Uttar Pradesh, and then took 4/42 and 1/46 against Railways. He then put on an all-round display to guide his team to a victory over Maharashtra. Pathan took 5/64 and then scored 51 as Baroda made 305 in their first innings to take a 77-run lead. After taking 1/61 in the second innings, he scored an unbeaten 50 to guide Baroda to their target of 227 with four wickets in hand. In his final Ranji fixture for the season, he took 7/35 in the first innings to help dismiss Andhra Pradesh for 77, setting up an innings win. However, with India persisting with and tasting success with their Test bowling strategy, Pathan was also overlooked for the home Tests against England. Pathan's domestic season was interrupted by spasmodic limited overs duty. Following his recent uneconomical run in ODIs, he was not given a game in the seven-match series against England in November until India had taken an unassailable 4–0 series lead. He took 0/57 from ten overs in the fifth match, as India recorded another victory, but did not get another opportunity after the Mumbai terrorist attacks saw the two remaining fixtures cancelled. Pathan was then selected for the early-2009 five-match ODI tour of Sri Lanka, but was not entrusted with a match until India took an unbeatable 3–0 lead. He took four wickets at 28.25 in two matches, but was again expensive, conceding 7.06 runs an over. However, he ended the tour on a high note when he combined with half-brother Yusuf in an unbroken eighth-wicket stand that saw India to a three-wicket win in the T20 international after a late flurry; Irfan ended on 33 not out. Pathan returned to India and took 3/50 and scored 51 not out in his only domestic one-dayer for Baroda during the season, which ended in a win, before leaving for the limited overs leg of a tour to New Zealand.

Pathan had a poor time in New Zealand. In the two T20 internationals preceding the ODIs, he took 0/38 and 2/41, conceding his runs at an alarming economy rate of 11.28. He was left out of all five ODIs during the tour before heading home. He then played in all 14 of Punjab's round-robin matches in the 2009 Indian Premier League held in South Africa, taking 17 wickets at 22.94 with an economy rate of 7.74, and scored 196 runs at 19.60. He started strongly, taking nine wickets in four matches in the early stages of the tournament, before taking only two in the next five matches, and ending with six in the last three fixtures. Punjab failed to make the semi-finals.

Pathan's performances in the IPL were enough for him to retain his position in the national T20 team after his performances in New Zealand, and he then proceeded to the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 in England in June, where India were seeking to defend their title. He struggled in the warm-up matches, totalling 1/49 in five overs, and again in the first round of matches, bowling five overs and conceding 42 runs without success. Nevertheless, India defeated both Bangladesh and Ireland to move into the next round. He took 1/9 from two overs in the loss to the West Indies in the Super 8 round, and was left out for the remaining two matches, which India lost to be eliminated.

Since then, Pathan was dropped from the limited overs team and was then injured for an extended period, until he made his return to cricket in the Ranji Trophy in November. He played in six matches for Baroda as captain and was successful with both bat and ball, scoring 397 runs at 49.62 and taking 22 wickets at 18.54. In his most productive first-class season with the bat, Pathan made starts in eight of his nine innings, only failing to reach 24 once, and scoring four fifties, although he was unable to convert any to triple figures. In his fourth match of the season, Pathan top-scored in both innings with 68 and 81 as Baroda lost to Karnataka by an innings after making 153 and 223. He then took a total of 7/76 and scored 65 not out to secure a seven-wicket win over Saurashtra, and then totalled 7/96 in a seven-wicket triumph over Maharashtra. However, these performances were not enough to earn Pathan a Test recall. Furthermore, on 25 February 2010 the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) announced its list of 30 probables for the T20 World Cup to be held in the West Indies, the most notable omission being Irfan Pathan.

Pathan took 5/100 in the first innings of the Duleep Trophy final against South Zone. His fifth wicket brought up his 300th scalp at first-class level. After cricket was engulfed in a series of corruption scandals in September 2010, Pathan told the media that he had received "three expensive gifts in his room" and, later, two further gifts that he could not afford. Pathan reported this to the team management as he thought the gifts might be from a  bookmaker.

Comeback and knee injury 2011
Irfan Pathan was recalled for India's ODI squad for last two matches of five match one-day series against West Indies in December 2011, and played in last match of the series, picking the wicket of first ball.

He was selected for the Commonwealth Bank Series, playing four games and scoring 96 runs at an average of 24 with a top score of 47. He also succeeded in taking 6 wickets at an average of 31.16; his best figures were 3/16. His strong performances led to his inclusion in the Asia Cup squad. He played three matches and did not get a chance to bat but he proved himself with the ball taking 4/32 in the first match of the series against Sri Lanka. He picked up two more wickets in the next two games. He was the part of the team touring South Africa for the one T20 played on 31 March 2012 where he had figures of 4–0–44–1 but was yet to bat. Pathan also played for the Delhi Daredevils the Indian Premier League in 2012, taking only 8 wickets from 17 matches with an average of 58.12.
BCCI announced on 13 July 2012 inclusion of Irfan Pathan in the Indian team for the tour of Sri Lanka as a replacement to the injured Vinay Kumar. With his all round performance, India managed to win four of the five ODIs and the lone T20 match in the next series in Sri Lanka. Pathan emerged as the top wicket taker with a five-wicket haul.

Pathan was a part of the Indian squad for the 2012 ICC World Twenty20 tournament in Sri Lanka. In the Ranji Trophy 2012–13 opener against Karnataka, Pathan raised his First-class top-score to 121 with his 3rd domestic hundred. But, he injured his knee during match and only made comeback to cricket in March 2013. In 2014 he was picked up by Sunrisers Hyderabad to play in the Indian Premier League.

Retirement
Irfan Pathan retired from all forms of cricket in January 2020.

Beyond cricket

Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa
Pathan was a contestant on the Colors TV popular dance show Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa for the 8th season, in 2015. He impressed many people with his dancing skills, staying until he quit in the 6th week on 22 August 2015.

Cricket Academy of Pathans
The Cricket Academy Of Pathans was jointly launched by Irfan Pathan and Yusuf Pathan. The academy has tied up with former Indian coach  Kapil Dev and Cameron Tradell as chief mentors. Chappell would coach the coaches of the academy.

Filmography

References

External links

India One Day International cricketers
India Test cricketers
India Twenty20 International cricketers
Test cricket hat-trick takers
Indian cricketers
Baroda cricketers
Sportspeople from Vadodara
Middlesex cricketers
Cricketers from Gujarat
1984 births
Living people
Indian Sunni Muslims
Indian people of Pashtun descent
Gujarati people
Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup
Sunrisers Hyderabad cricketers
Punjab Kings cricketers
Delhi Capitals cricketers
West Zone cricketers
India Blue cricketers
Gujarati sportspeople
Rising Pune Supergiant cricketers
Chennai Super Kings cricketers
Indian cricket coaches
Kandy Falcons cricketers
Cricketers who have acted in films

Irfan Pathan


José Reis Nogueira de Barros (Januária, 25 de março de 1981), mais conhecido como Zé Reis , é um empresário e político brasileiro filiado ao Podemos. É deputado estadual por Minas Gerais, vice-líder de governo e vice-presidente de assuntos sociais para a gestão 2022, pela Unale.

Biografia
Zé Reis é filho do senhor Tomaz Nunes de Barros e da dona Francisca Nogueira de Barros, é casado com a psicopedagoga Ana Cristina, com quem tem dois filhos: Yasmin e Tomaz.

Estudou na Fundação Caio Martins (FUCAM) - Unidade de Januária-MG e posteriormente, no Colégio Agrícola de Januária-MG, hoje Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG). É graduado em Direito pelo Santo Agostinho de Montes Claros-MG.

Ligações externas
https://www.almg.gov.br/deputados/conheca_deputados/deputados-info.html?idDep=26139
https://politica.estadao.com.br/eleicoes/2018/candidatos/mg/deputado-estadual/ze-reis,31456

Deputados estaduais de Minas Gerais

Zé Reis


La cirugía torácica es una especialidad médica dedicada al estudio y tratamiento quirúrgico de las enfermedades que afectan al tórax.

Campo de acción quirúrgica
El cirujano torácico está especializado en los procesos patológicos que afectan a toda la cavidad torácica, en concreto a los bronquios, costillas, diafragma, esófago, mediastino, pleura, pulmones y tráquea. Excepto el corazón y los grandes vasos, a la que se dedica la cirugía cardiovascular. Se relaciona habitualmente con algunas especialidades no quirúrgicas, sobre todo con aparato digestivo y neumología.

El tipo de procesos patológicos que trata son de carácter congénito, displásico, inflamatorio, tumoral o traumático.

Ejercicio profesional
El cirujano torácico normalmente ejerce en hospitales, por la necesidad de quirófano y material quirúrgico especializado. Sus actividades se desarrollan en el quirófano, la sala de reanimación, la planta (donde están los pacientes encamados), y las consultas externa (intra o extrahospitalarias).

En España
Es una de las 47 especialidades médicas legalmente reconocidas en España. Su denominación oficial es "Cirugía torácica". Para poder ejercerla hay que tener previamente el título de Licenciado en Medicina, superar el examen para Médico Interno Residente (MIR) y realizar una residencia de 5 años en un hospital acreditado.

Véase también
 Cirugía
 Cirujano
 Especialidad médica
 Tórax

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica (SECT)
 Sociedad Española de Cirugía Torácica y Cirugía Cardiovascular (SECTCV)
 Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR)
 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Cirugía torácica


Afrika
 Aksumitisches Reich
 König: Nezool (ca. 450–ca. 500)

 Reich der Vandalen
 König: Geiserich (428–477)

Amerika
 Maya
 Palenque
 König: Casper II. (435–487)
 Tikal
 König: Siyaj Chan K'awiil II. (411–458)

Asien
 China
 Kaiser: Song Xiaowudi (454–464)
 Nördliche Wei-Dynastie: Wen Cheng (452–465)

 Iberien (Kartlien)
 König: Wachtang I. Gorgassali (452–502)

 Indien
 Gupta-Reich
 König: Skandagupta (455–467)
 Kadamba
 König: Santi Farman (450–475)
 Pallava
 König: Simha Varman II. (438–460)
 Vakataka
 König: Narendrasena (440–460)

 Japan
 Kaiser: Ankō (453–456)
 Kaiser: Yūryaku (456–479)

 Korea
 Baekje
 König: Gaero (454–475)
 Gaya
 König: Jilji (451–492)
 Goguryeo
 König: Jangsu (413–490)
 Silla
 König: Nulji (417–458)

 Sassanidenreich
 Schah (Großkönig): Yazdegerd II. (438–457)

Europa
 Weströmisches Reich
 Kaiser: Avitus (455–456)
 Konsul: Avitus (456)

 Oströmisches Reich
 Kaiser: Markian (450–457)
 Konsul: Flavius Iohannes und Flavius Varanes  (456)

 Ostgotenreich
 König: Valamir (447–465)

 Reich der Burgunden
 König: Gundioch (436–470)

 Kent
 König: Hengest (455–488)

 Reich der Sueben
 König: Rechiar (448–456)
 König: Maldras (456–460)

 Salfranken
 König: Merowech (ca. 450–458)

 Westgotenreich
 König: Theoderich II. (453–466)

Religiöse Führer
 Papst: Leo der Große (440–461)
 Patriarch von Konstantinopel: Anatolios (449–458)

Liste der Staatsoberhäupter 456


Evhemerismul (sau euhemerismul - Mircea Eliade îl folosește pe primul) este acel mod de interpretare a mitologiei în care se consideră că miturile ar proveni din evenimente sau personaje istorice reale. Evhemerismul presupune că relatările istorice devin mituri exagerate prin repovestire, acumulare de precizări și modificări care reflectă moravurile. Termenul vine de la mitograful  Euhemerus, care a trăit în secolul al 4-lea Î. hr.

Deificarea
Opiniile lui Euhemerus își au originea în deificarea oamenilor, de obicei regi, în zei prin apoteoză. În numeroase culturi, regii au fost înălțați sau venerați ca ființe divine și adorați după moartea lor, sau, uneori, chiar în timp ce conduceau. Dion, tiranul Syracusei, a fost zeificat în timpul vieții, iar oamenii de știință moderni consideră că apoteoza lui l-ar fi influențat pe Euhemerus cu privire la originea tuturor zeilor.

Referințe

Mitologie
Filozofia istoriei
Studii despre religie

Evhemerism


Ishavets kæmpe er en dansk naturfilm fra 2013, der er instrueret af Adam Schmedes efter manuskript af Peter I. Lauridsen.

Handling
En grønlandshval fødes i begyndelsen af 1800-tallet. I en anden tid, på et andet sted og i et andet hav. På den time filmen varer, gives et indblik i menneskenes historie, i den industrielle udvikling og den globale opvarmning set fra hvalens perspektiv. I unikke undervandsoptagelser samt i animerede og CGI-genererede sekvenser følges hvalens liv fra fødsel til død, under jagten på føde og fødesteder, i en verden som hastigt forandres af menneskets tilstedeværelse. Det ses hvordan historien har krydset hvalens vej og med hvalen i centrum fås ikke bare en fornemmelse af hvordan det er at være hval, men også for det uendelige tidsperspektiv, hvalen kan videregive.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Naturfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2013

Ishavets kæmpe


În vara anului 2006 la Tiraspol au avut loc două explozii în mijloacele de transport public, astfel: o primă explozie a avut loc într-un microbuz (rutieră) în dimineața zilei de 6 iulie, soldându-se cu decesul a 8 persoane și rănirea altor 26, a doua explozie a avut loc într-un troleibuz la 13 august, și a cauzat decesul a 2 persoane și rănirea altor 8.

În urma cercetărilor penale, nu a fost găsită nicio legătură între cele două cazuri.

Explozia în rutieră
În dimineața zilei de 6 iulie 2006 la ora 7 și 5 minute a explodat o bombă într-un microbuz, omorând 8 persoane și 26 rănind alte 26 de persoane. Explozia a avut loc atunci când rutiera și un troleibuz au oprit la roșu la intersecția străzilor Odesa și Ciapaev. Diverse vătămări au obținut și oamenii care se aflau în troleibuz. Explozia a fost atât de puternică încât piesele microbului au fost împrăștiate pe o rază de 100 de metri. La câteva zile după tragedie, experții au ajuns la concluzia că nu a avut loc un atac terorist, în opinia acestora, un dispozitiv exploziv improvizat, a fost destinat pentru alte scopuri, însă a explodat accidental.

La 24 octombrie 2006 Tribunalul municipiului Tiraspol i-a condamnat la 9 și 10 ani de închisoare de Aleksander și Serghei Varbasevici.

Explozia în troleibuz
Pe 13 august 2006 la ora 13 și 50 de minute în apropiere de centrul comercial "Причерноморье" ("la Marea Neagră") a avut loc explozia unei bombe în troleibuzul de pe ruta 2, rezultând în rănirea a 10 de persoane, dintre care două au decedat.

La 19 martie 2007 "Curtea Supremă" a nerecunoscutei «RMN» l-a condamnat pe marginea cazului pe Serghei Kapustin. Acesta a fost condamnat la 20 ani de închisoare. Potrivit instanței Kapustin independent a produs dispozitivul exploziv pe baza a două grenade F-1 și RGD-5. El a intenționat să se răzbune pe conducerea companiei "Rustas" SRL, care l-au redus în rang, din funcția de maistru la cea de lucrător, iar din cauza stării de sănătate nu a putut trece la noul serviciu și a fost obligat să lucreze ca un agent de pază la fostul loc de muncă.

În ziua exploziei din troleibuz, Kapustin intenționa să plaseze bomba la intrarea în biroul managerilor "Rustas" SRL. El a pus dispozitivul într-o cutie de carton de sub ciocolată, a înfășurat ambalajul în colanți, și a turnat crupe deasupra pentru a evita deturnarea automată a bombei. Cu dispozitivul exploziv Kapustin a venit de la Slobozia la Tiraspol, însă a greșit troleibuzul, realizând faptul că era pe un traseu greșit, a decis să coboare. Ridicând cutia, a auzit în interior un click, reușind să pună cutia pe podea, sa retras câțiva pași înapoi. După care a avut loc o explozie.

Referințe

Legături externe
Подборка материалов по теме «Взрыв маршрутного такси в Тирасполе»
Подборка материалов по теме «Взрыв троллейбуса в Тирасполе 13.08.2006»

Explozii în Republica Moldova
2006 în Republica Moldova
Istoria Tiraspolului
Transportul în Tiraspol

Exploziile de la Tiraspol din 2006


An Bambusa tabacaria in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Jean Louis Marie Poiret. An Bambusa tabacaria in nahilalakip ha genus nga Bambusa, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Bambusa

Bambusa tabacaria


Robert Jezek (n. 1955) este un actor canadian de film, televiziune și teatru.

Filmografie

Legături externe
 Robert Jezek la IMDB

 Actori canadieni
 Nașteri în 1955

Robert Jezek


Uma ordem de grandeza (ou ordem magnitude) é geralmente um fator de dez. Assim, quatro ordens de grandeza são um fator de 10.000 ou 104.

Este artigo apresenta uma lista de múltiplos, ordenados por ordens de grandeza, para unidades de informação medidas em bits e bytes.

O byte é uma unidade comum de medida de informação (kilobyte, kibibyte, megabyte, mebibyte, gigabyte, gibibyte, terabyte, tebibyte, etc.). Para o propósito deste artigo, um byte é um grupo de 8 bits (octeto), um nibble é um grupo de quatro bits. Historicamente, ambas as suposições nem sempre foram verdadeiras.

Os prefixos decimais do sistema internacional de unidades (SI) quilo, mega, giga, tera, etc., são potências de 103 = 1000. Os prefixos binários kibi, mebi, gibi, tebi, etc., respectivamente, se referem à potência correspondente de 210 = 1024. No uso casual, quando 1024 é uma aproximação suficientemente próxima de 1000, os dois prefixos correspondentes são equivalentes.

Nota: esta página mistura entre dois tipos de entropias:
Entropia (teoria da informação), como a quantidade de informação que pode ser armazenada no DNA.
Entropia (termodinâmica), como o aumento da entropia de 1 mol de água.

Essas duas definições não são totalmente equivalentes.

Para comparação, a constante de Avogadro é 6,022 141 79(3) × 1023 entidades por mol, com base no número de átomos em 12 gramas de isótopo de carbono-12.

Em 2012, alguns discos rígidos usavam ~ 984.573 átomos para armazenar cada bit. Em janeiro de 2012, pesquisadores da IBM anunciaram que comprimiram 1 bit em 12 átomos usando antiferromagnetismo e um microscópio de tunelamento com átomos de ferro e cobre. Isso pode significar um salto prático de um disco de 1 TB para um disco de 100 TB.

Ver também
 Prefixo binário
 Prefixo SI

Ordens de magnitude

Ordens de grandeza (dados)


Østveme Station (Østveme holdeplass) var en jernbanestation på Bergensbanen, der lå ved bygden Øst-Veme i Ringerike kommune i Norge.

Stationen blev åbnet som trinbræt 14. juli 1930 i lighed med flere andre stationer på strækningen mellem Hønefoss og Sokna. De blev alle sammen nedlagt igen 31. maj 1970, inklusive Østveme.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Bergensbanen
Nedlagte jernbanestationer i Norge
Etableret i 1930
Ophørt i 1970
Jernbanestationer i Viken

Østveme Station


أدهيم سلييفو ، من مواليد 16 مارس 1950 ، لاعب كرة قدم يوغسلافي سابق.

لعب مع منتخب يوغسلافيا لكرة القدم.

مسيرته الكروية
لعب إدهيم سلييفو خلال مسيرته الاحترافية مع 4 أندية في عشرون موسمًا وسجل خلالها 85 هدفًا ضمن 523 مباراة. حيث فاز في موسم واحد بالكأس ولم يفز بأي دوري.

خاض إدهيم سلييفو مسيرته مع نادي ساراييفو في موسم 1968–69 ليلعب معه عشرة مواسم، مشاركًا في 258 مباراة سجل خلالها 37 هدفًا. ثم انتقل إلى نادي لييج في موسم 1978–79 في المرة الأولى واستمر معه طيلة ثلاثة مواسم ثم في موسم 1983–84 ليلعب معه أربعة مواسم، حيث شارك طوالها في 192 مباراة سجل خلالها 43 هدفًا. لينتقل بعدها إلى نادي نيس في موسم 1981–82 لمدة موسم واحد، مشاركًا في 36 مباراة سجل خلالها 3 أهداف. ثم انتقل إلى نادي كولن في موسم 1982–83 ولمدة موسمين، مشاركًا في 37 مباراة سجل خلالها هدفين.

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية يوغوسلافيون مغتربون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية يوغوسلافيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو وسط كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من ساراييفو
رياضيون يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في ألمانيا
رياضيون يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في بلجيكا
رياضيون يوغوسلافيون مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو الدوري الألماني
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي للمحترفين
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو الدوري اليوغوسلافي الأول
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1976
لاعبو كأس العالم 1982
لاعبو كرة قدم بوسنيون مغتربون
سلييفو
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ألمانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في بلجيكا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في فرنسا
لاعبو كرة قدم يوغوسلاف مغتربون
سلييفو
لاعبو كولن
لاعبو منتخب يوغوسلافيا لكرة القدم
لاعبو نادي ساراييفو
لاعبو نادي لييج
لاعبو نيس
مواليد 1950
مواليد في سراييفو
لاعبو كرة قدم من سراييفو
لاعبو الدوري البلجيكي الممتاز

إدهيم سلييفو


Paryksilkeabe (Saguinus oedipus), også kaldet hvidtoppet tamarin, er en lille vestabe i familien egernaber. Den lever i tropisk regnskov i Colombia i Sydamerika. Kropslængden er 20 cm, mens vægten er 360 gram. Ryggen og bagdelen er brun, mens underside, arme og top er hvid.

Arten er kritisk truet af udryddelse. Der menes kun at være 6.000 individer i naturen, heraf 2.000 yngledygtige. De har været anvendt til medicinske forsøg i 1960'erne og 1970'erne, hvor 20.000 - 30.000 dyr blev indfanget.

Noter

Eksterne henvisninger

Aber fra Sydamerika
Egernaber

Paryksilkeabe


Sára Salkaházi (), născută sub numele de Sarolta Klotild Schalkház, a fost o călugăriță catolică maghiaro-germano-slovacă care a salvat viețile a aproximativ o sută de evrei în timpul celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial. A fost denunțată și condamnată la moarte în urma unei judecăți sumare și executată de guvernul format de partidul pronazist Crucile cu Săgeți. Sára Salkaházi a fost beatificată în anul 2006.

Tinerețea
Salkaházi s-a născut în familia lui Leopold și Klothilde Schalkhaz, proprietarii Hotelului Schalkhaz din Cașovia, de etnie germani din Slovacia. A rămas orfană de tată la vârsta de doi ani. Fratele ei a descris-o ca fiind "o băiețoasă cu o voință puternică și o minte proprie". Ea a obținut o diplomă de învățătoare și a lucrat mai târziu ca ucenică a unui legător de cărți și apoi într-un magazin de pălării de damă. A devenit jurnalistă și a redactat publicația oficială a , inițiat de episcopul . În acel moment era departe de a fi o credincioasă conformistă și a cochetat, uneori, chiar cu ateismul. Înainte de a deveni soră religioasă, a fost logodită și urma să se căsătorească, dar a rupt curând acel angajament.

Viața religioasă
Surorile Serviciului Social, societate apostolică înființată în 1912 de Margit Slachta, prima femeie aleasă în Parlamentul Ungariei, au fost la început reticente să accepte în rândul lor o fumătoare inveterată. În anul 1929 s-a alăturat congregației și a depus primele jurăminte în sărbătoarea Rusaliilor din anul 1930. Prima ei misiune a fost la Biroul de Caritate al Bisericii Catolice de la Cașovia, unde a supervizat activitățile de caritate, a condus o librărie religioasă și a redactat un periodic intitulat Femeile catolice. La cererea Conferinței Episcopilor Catolici din Slovacia, ea a organizat toate grupurile de femei catolice într-o asociație națională a femeilor catolice și a înființat Mișcarea Națională a Fetelor. În calitate de directoare națională a mișcării catolice a femeilor muncitoare, sora Sára a înființat primul colegiu maghiar pentru femeile muncitoare, lângă Lacul Balaton. În semn de protest împotriva ideologiei naziste care acapara tot mai mult teren, sora Sára și-a schimbat numele de familie din Schalkház în "Salkaházi", care suna mai maghiar. Ea a deschis la Budapesta cămine pentru femeile muncitoare și a organizat cursuri de formare profesională. A scris, de asemenea, o piesă despre viața sfintei Margareta a Ungariei, al cărei proces de canonizare era în curs.

Vitalitatea și energia ei neobișnuită au fost interpretate de celelalte surori drept încercări de atragere a atenției. Superioarele ei i-au pus vocația sub semnul întrebării și au refuzat să îi permită să-și reînnoiască jurămintele temporare, respectiv să poarte veșmintele monahale. Sora Sára s-a gândit chiar să părăsească congregația. Cu toate acestea, ea a continuat să ducă o viață de soră a serviciului social fără jurăminte. În anul 1937 benedictinii maghiari din Brazilia au cerut trimiterea unor surori care să lucreze acolo în misiune, iar Sara era dornică să plece, însă din cauză că avea doar cetățenia cehoslovacă, s-a mutat la Budapesta, pentru a obține cetățenia maghiară, iar în anul 1939 a izbucnit al Doilea Război Mondial.

Al Doilea Război Mondial
Sora Sára a deschis căminele fetelor muncitoare ca refugii pentru evreii persecutați de partidul nazist maghiar. În 1943 ea a scos pe ascuns o refugiată evreică din Slovacia, deghizată în veșmintele "surorilor gri" și pe fiul femeii din casa surorilor din Cașovia, care fusese percheziționată de Gestapo, și i-a adus temporar la Budapesta. În timpul ultimelor luni ale celui de-al Doilea Război Mondial a adăpostit sute de evrei într-o clădire din Budapesta care aparținea Surorilor Serviciului Social. Aproximativ 100 de evrei au fost ajutați chiar de Salkahazi, în calitate de directoare națională a mișcării femeilor muncitoare catolice maghiare. Ca soră responsabilă a casei congregației, ea a făcut în secret o promisiune formală în fața lui Dumnezeu, în prezența superiorului ei, pentru a fi pregătită să se sacrifice cu condiția ca celelalte surori să nu fie rănite în timpul războiului. Asumarea promisiunii solemne și textul ei au fost menționate în jurnalele sale.

Martiriul
Trădați autorităților de către o femeie care lucra în casă, evreii pe care ea îi adăpostea au fost luați prizonieri de membrii partidului pronazist maghiar Crucile cu Săgeți. Salkaházi nu se afla în casă atunci când au avut loc arestările și ar fi putut să fugă, dar a ales să se întoarcă. Prizonierii au fost aliniați pe malul Dunării la 27 decembrie 1944 și au fost împușcați, împreună cu patru femei evreice și o colegă creștină care nu făcea parte din acel ordin religios. Corpul Sárei Salkaházi nu a fost niciodată recuperat. Aceste crime au ieșit la lumină în 1967, în timpul procesului unor membri ai Partidului Crucilor cu Săgeți.

În 1969 activitatea depusă de ea pentru salvarea evreilor maghiari a fost recunoscută de institutul israelian Yad Vashem, după ce a fost nominalizată de fiica uneia dintre femeile evreice pe care a ascuns-o și care a fost ucisă alături de ea.

Beatificarea

La 17 septembrie 2006 sora Sára a fost beatificată în timpul unei liturghii ce a avut loc în exteriorul Bazilicii Sfântul Ștefan din Budapesta, iar decretul de proclamare emis de papa Benedict al XVI-lea și citit de cardinalul Péter Erdő conținea următoarea justificare: "Ea a fost dispusă să-și asume riscuri pentru cei persecutați ... în zilele marii terori. Martiriul ei este încă actual ... și demonstrează fundamentele umanității noastre." Aceasta este prima beatificare care a avut loc în Ungaria după beatificarea în 1083 a regelui Ștefan I, împreună cu fiul său Emeric și cu episcopul italian Gerard Sagredo, care au avut un rol esențial în convertirea maghiarilor la creștinism. Dacă Salkaházi este canonizată, ea va fi prima sfântă maghiară, care nu face parte din familiile regale maghiare.

Vorbind la acea liturghie, rabinul József Schweitzer a spus despre sora Sára: "Știu din propria experiență ... cât de periculos și eroic era în acele vremuri să-i ajuți pe evrei și să-i salvezi de moarte. Avându-și originea în credința ei, ea a păstrat porunca iubirii până la moarte."

Abraham H. Foxman, directorul național al Anti-Defamation League, a declarat: "Onoarea acordată de Papa Benedict al XVI-lea surorii Sara Salkahazi pentru că și-a riscat și, în cele din urmă, și-a dat viața pentru a-i salva pe evreii aflați în primejdie este o declarație importantă făcută de biserică. Este regretabil faptul că nu au existat mai multe persoane precum sora Sara, dar exemplul ei trebuie prezentat pentru a arăta cum pot fi salvate vieți atunci când oamenii buni iau măsuri pentru a face față răului". Foxman, un supraviețuitor al Holocaustului, a fost salvat de guvernanta sa catolică poloneză.

Fericita Sára Salkaházi și-a ales ca motto textul biblic: "Iată-mă, trimite-mă pe mine!" (Isaia 6:8).

Note

Bibliografie
 Site-ul despre sora Sára
 Maghiarul Mucenic Beatificat.  Sora Sara Salkahazi a ajutat evreii

Legături externe
 Surorile serviciului social
 Sára Salkaházi
 Sára Salkaházi - activitatea sa de salvare a vieților evreilor în timpul Holocaustului, pe site-ul institutului Yad Vashem

Nașteri în 1899
Decese în 1944
Oameni din Cașovia
Maghiari de origine germană
Romano-catolici maghiari
Antifasciști
Drepți între popoare din Ungaria
Fericiți catolici
Călugărițe creștine
Martiri creștini
Decese în Budapesta

Sára Salkaházi


Alessandro Alessandri also known as Alexander ab Alexandro (1461–1523) was a Neapolitan lawyer of great learning, who flourished towards the end of the fifteenth and beginning of the sixteenth century, was descended of the ancient and noble family of the Alexandri of Naples.

He was born according to some, in 1461. He followed the profession of the law, first at Naples, and afterwards at Rome; but devoted all the time he could spare to the study of polite literature; and at length entirely left the bar, from scruples of conscience respecting the practice of the law, that he might lead a more easy and agreeable life with the muses. "When I saw he," says he, "that the counsellors could not defend me, nor assist anyone against thy, the power of favour or of the mighty, I said, was in vain. We took so many pains, thus fatigued ourselves with so many reminders or controversies of law, [with learning such a variety of cases so farly involved], thus when I saw the judgment passed, according to virtue none other than its own...To the temerity of every remiss! I corrupted every person who presided over these laws with discussion, Thus giving me determination, not according to these equities involved, nor I, in favour of this or affection, to these individuals involved."

The particulars of his life are to be gathered from his work entitled "Genialium Dierum:" It appears by it that he lodged at Rome in a house that was haunted; and he relates many surprising particulars about the ghost, which show him to have been credulous, although perhaps not more so than his contemporaries. He says also, that when he was very young, he went to the lectures of Philetphus, who explained at Rome the Tusculan questions of Cicero; he was there also when Nicholas Perot and Domitius Calderinus read their public lectures upon Martial. Some say that he acted as prothonotary of the kingdom of Naples, and that he discharged the office with great honour; but this is not mentioned in his work.

Apostolo Zeno fixes his death in 1523, and it is generally agreed that he died at Rome, aged about sixty-two. His work, the "Genialium Dirrum," is a miscellany of learning and philology, somewhat on the model of the "Noctes Atticae" of Aulus Gellius. The first edition was printed at Rome, 1522, fol. under the title of "Alexandri de Alexandro dies Geniales." Andrew-Tiraqueau bestowed a commentary on it, entitled "Semestria," Lyons, 1586, fol. Notes have also been added to it by Christopher Colerus, and Dennis Gotefrid, or Godfrey, which were printed with Tiraqueau's commentary, Francfort, 1594, fol. The edition of Paris, 1582, is held in estimation, but the best is that of Leyden, 1675, 2 vols. 8vo. There is another work of his, published before the Genialium Dierum, but afterwards incorporated with it, entitled "Alexandri J. C. Napolitani Dissertationes quatuor de rebus admirundis, &c." Rome, 4to, without date, or printer's name. Mr. Roscoe, who has introduced him in his life of Leo as a member of the academy of Naples, says that his works prove him to have been a man of extensive reading, great industry, and of a considerable share of critical ability, and perhaps as little tinctured with superstition as most of the writers of the age in which he lived.

Notes

Further reading

1461 births
15th-century Italian nobility
15th-century Italian jurists
15th-century Neapolitan people
1523 deaths
16th-century Italian jurists
16th-century Neapolitan people

Alessandro Alessandri


Soft-shell crab is a culinary term for crabs that have recently molted their old exoskeleton and are still soft. Soft-shells are removed from the water as soon as they molt or, preferably, just before to prevent any hardening of their shell. Catching soft-shell crab is very time-sensitive and requires that any caught crabs be kept in climate-controlled areas immediately after catching until they molt, at which point they can be safely removed and sold.

This means that almost the entire animal can be eaten, rather than having to shell the animal to reach the meat. The exceptions are the mouthparts, the gills and the abdominal cover, which are discarded ("cleaned"). The remaining, edible part of the crab is typically deep-fried or sautéed.

In the United States, the main species is the  blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, which appears in markets from April to September.

In the Deep South region of the United States, most notably the Gulf coasts of Louisiana and Alabama, "Buster crab" can be a synonym for a plump, meaty soft-shell crab. However, the original meaning of Buster crab referred to either a soft-shell that had yet to complete molting, or to a soft-shell that had died before being provided to a seafood vendor, and was then consumed quickly by the crabbers.

In Japan, various species are used to make sushi such as maki-zushi or temaki-zushi. The Japanese blue crab (Portunus trituberculatus) or the shore swimming crab (Charybdis japonica) are typically used.

In Spain, soft-shell crustaceans are typical in the coastal region of Andalusia. Irrespective of the species, they are called chiguatos, from the local slang verb achiguatar, meaning to soften. Typical preparations include velvet crabs (Necora puber) and langoustines (Nephrops norvegicus), which are highly regarded delicacies of Sanlucar de Barrameda, and lobster (Homarus gammarus) (called langosta chiguata), which is typical along the coast of Málaga. Typically, they are deep-fried and served with a vinaigrette.

In Italy, the soft-shell of the common Mediterranean crab is a delicacy typical of the Venetian lagoon (called moeca or moeche in the local idiom).

Soft-shell crabs can have the soft organs along the dorsal cavity removed during cleaning, or they can be left in for consumption. In the latter case, along the US Atlantic coast, the customer asks the vendor to leave "the mustard", referring to the yellow-orange color of the hepatopancreas, and the deep orange of the roe in a female crab.

See also
 List of crab dishes
 List of seafood dishes

References

Crab dishes
Edible crustaceans
Commercial crustaceans

Soft-shell crab


An Orchidactylorhiza atacina in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Pierre Delforge, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Pierre Delforge. An Orchidactylorhiza atacina in nahilalakip ha genus nga Orchidactylorhiza, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Orchidactylorhiza

Orchidactylorhiza atacina


DHF´s landspokalturnering i 2016 var den 53. udgave af DHF's Landspokalturnering. Herrernes turnering blev vundet af Skjern Håndbold, der vandt finalen med 27-20 over Bjerringbro-Silkeborg. Aalborg Håndbold vandt bronzekampen med 33-23 over KIF Kolding København. Kvindernes turnering blev vundet af Randers HK, der vandt finalen med 27-21 over FC Midtjylland Håndbold. Viborg HK vandt bronzekampen med 25-23 over TTH Holstebro.

Mænd

1/8-finaler

1/4-finaler
Her deltog de otte vinderhold fra 1/8-finalerne.

Final 4

Semifinaler
De fire vindere af kvartfinalerne deltog i final 4-stævnet 4. og 5. februar 2017 i Gigantium i Aalborg.

Finale og bronzekamp

Kvinder

1/8-finaler

1/4-finaler
Her deltog de otte vinderhold fra 1/8-finalerne.

Final 4

Semifinaler
De fire vindere af kvartfinalerne deltog i final 4-stævnet 29. og 30. december 2016 i Jysk Arena i Silkeborg.

Finale og bronzekamp

Noter

2016
Håndbold i 2016

DHF's Landspokalturnering 2016


Breiðijökull getur átt við um:
 Breiðajökul (Bredebræ) á Lovísulandi á Norður-Grænlandi.
 Breiðajökul (Bredegletsjer) í Scoresby-sundi á Austur-Grænlandi.

Breiðijökull


An Quisqueya rosea in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Rudolf Mansfeld, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Donald Dungan Dod. An Quisqueya rosea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Quisqueya, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Quisqueya

Quisqueya rosea


Vedat Alaton, 1963 doğumlu iş insanı. Babası iş insanı ve Alarko'nun kurucusu İshak Alatondur ve ikinci çocuğudur. Leyla Alaton kardeşidir.

1963 doğumlular
20. yüzyıl Türk iş insanları
21. yüzyıl Türk iş insanları
Türkiye Yahudileri
Yaşayan insanlar

Vedat Alaton


Lizin (Lys, K) proteinlerde bulunan 22 aminoasitten biridir. 4-aminobütil (birincil amin) yan zinciri nedeniyle, histidin ve arginin gibi bazik aminoasitler grubuna dahildir.

Diğer birçok amino asitte olduğu gibi bu amino asitin hem L- hem de D- isomeri vardır. Aber aktiv olan diğer bir deyişle doğada var olan isomeri L- Lizin'dir. Bu yüzden bu yazıda ya da bilimsel makalelerde Lizin L- ya da D- olarak hiçbir ön ek almayarak sadece Lizin diye bahsedilmişse, burada bahse geçen L- Lizin'dir

Insanlarin besinler yoluyla alması gerekli temel aminoasitlerden biridir. Günlük lizin ihtiyacımız 1-1.5 gr arasındadır. Bir besin olarak HSV enfeksiyonuna karşı faydalı olabildiği iddia edilmesine karşın yararlarına ilişkin bilimsel kanıtlar tam oturmamıştır.

Lizin kalsiyum emilimi, kas proteinlerinin inşası, ameliyat sonrası ve spor yaralanmaları sonrası iyileşme sürecinde, vücut tarafından hormonların, antikorların ve enzimlerin sentezlenişinde önemli role sahiptir.

Kaynakça

Bazik aminoasitler

Lizin


Olaylar
 1787 - Delaware, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Anayasasını onaylayan ilk eyalet oldu.
 1836 - Martin Van Buren, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin 8. Başkanı seçildi.

 1905 - Moskova Ayaklanması başladı. Moskova'ya giren Çarlık Ordularıyla ayaklanmacılar arasında kıyasıya çarpışmalar yaşandı.
 1917 - I. Dünya Savaşı: ABD, Avusturya-Macaristan İmparatorluğu'na savaş ilan etti.
 1920 - Türkiye Halk İştirakiyyun Fırkası kuruldu.
 1921 - Kilis'in Fransız işgalinden kurtuluşu.
 1922 - Siyasal mizah dergisi, Akbaba yayın hayatına başladı.
 1923 - Birleşik Krallık 'ta yapılan seçimlerde; Muhafazakâr Parti 257, İşçi Partisi 191, Liberal Parti 158 milletvekilliği aldı.
 1932 - Muhsin Ertuğrul'un "Bir Millet Uyanıyor" filmi gösterime girdi.
 1934 - Türk Kadınlar Birliği, İstanbul'da bir mitingle kadınların milletvekili seçme ve seçilme hakkını kutladı.
 1941 - II. Dünya Savaşı: Kanada; Finlandiya, Macaristan, Romanya ve Japonya'ya savaş ilan etti.
 1941 - Pearl Harbor Saldırısı: Japon uçakları Amerikan deniz üssü Pearl Harbor'u bombaladı. 5 savaş gemisi, 14 gemi, 200 uçak yok edildi, 2400 kişi öldü.
 1972 - Apollo 17, Ay görevine doğru yola çıktı.
 1973 - İslam Konferansı Örgütü'ne üye 7 ülke tarafından geri kalmış İslam ülkelerini kalkındırmak amacı ile İslam Kalkınma Bankası kuruldu.
 1975 - Endonezya, Doğu Timor'u işgal etti.
 1983 - İber Hava Yollarına ait bir Boeing 727 ile bir DC-9 yoğun siste Madrid Havaalanının pistinde çarpıştı: 93 kişi öldü.
 1987 - Kaliforniya'nın Paso Robles şehrinde, bir yolcu uçağı düştü: 43 kişi öldü.
 1988 - Ermenistan'da (SSCB) 7,2 şiddetinde deprem meydana geldi. 20.000'den fazla kişi öldü.
 2002 - Bangladeş'te dört tiyatroya yapılan bombalı saldırılarda 18 kişi öldü, 200 kişi yaralandı.
 2002 - Londra'da 51'incisi yapılan Dünya Güzellik Yarışması'nda Türkiye Güzeli Azra Akın Dünya Güzeli seçildi.
 2004 - Hamid Karzai, Afganistan Devlet Başkanlığı görevine başladı.
 2009 - Reşadiye saldırısı: Tokat'ın Reşadiye ilçesi, Sazak köyünde 7 Jandarmanın şehit edildiği pusu gerçekleşti.

Doğumlar
 903 - Abdurrahman es-Sufî, Farisi gök bilimci (ö. 986)
 967 - Ebu Said-i Ebu'l-Hayr, Horasanlı mutasavvıf ve şair (ö. 1049)
 1595 - Injo, Joseon Krallığı'nın 16. kralı (ö. 1649)
 1598 - Gian Lorenzo Bernini, İtalyan heykeltıraş (ö. 1680)
 1764 - Claude Victor-Perrin, Fransız mareşal (ö. 1841)
 1823 - Leopold Kronecker, Alman matematikçi ve mantık bilimci (ö. 1891)
 1863 - Pietro Mascagni, İtalyan besteci (ö. 1945)
 1873 - Willa Cather, Amerikalı romancı (ö. 1947)
 1875 - Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın, Türk gazeteci ve yazar (ö. 1957)
 1893 - Fay Bainter, Amerikalı sinema ve tiyatro oyuncusu (ö. 1968)
 1893 - Hermann Balck, II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Nazi Almanyası'nın Wehrmacht generali (ö. 1982)
 1905 - Gerard Kuiper, Hollandalı astronom, gezegen bilimci ve yazar (ö. 1973)
 1909 - Nikola Vaptsarov, Bulgar şair (ö. 1942)
 1915 - Leigh Brackett, Amerikalı yazar (ö. 1978)
 1915 - Eli Wallach, Amerikalı oyuncu ve Emmy ödülü sahibi (ö. 2014)
 1916 - Yekaterina Budanova, Sovyet pilot (ö. 1943)
 1919 - Ceyhun Atuf Kansu, Türk yazar, şair ve doktor (ö. 1978)
 1920 - Tatamkhulu Afrika, Güney Afrikalı yazar, şair ve aktivist (ö. 2002)
 1920 - Walter Nowotny, II. Dünya Savaşı'nda Avusturyalı Luftwaffe avcı Ace Pilotu (ö. 1944)
 1924 - Mário Soares, Portekizli siyasetçi ve Portekiz Cumhurbaşkanı (ö. 2017)
 1928 - Noam Chomsky, Amerikalı dil bilimci, siyaset bilimci ve yazar
 1932 - Ellen Burstyn, Amerikalı oyuncu ve En İyi Kadın Oyuncu Akademi Ödülü sahibi
 1932 - Oktay Ekşi, Türk gazeteci
 1933 - Şevket Kazan, Türk siyasetçi ve avukat (ö. 2020)
 1935 - Armando Manzanero, Meksikalı bolero şarkıcısı, söz yazarı, besteci ve piyanist (ö. 2020)
 1937 - Thad Cochran, Amerikalı siyasetçi (ö. 2019)
 1938 - Oben Güney, Türk tiyatro sanatçısı (ö. 1993)
 1940 - İsmail Kahraman, Türk hukukçu ve siyasetçi
 1942 - Yavuz Özışık, Türk piyanist ve müzisyen (ö. 2017)
 1945 - Güzin Özyağcılar, Türk tiyatro, sinema ve dizi oyuncusu
 1949 - Tom Waits, Amerikalı şarkıcı, besteci ve oyuncu
 1952 - Susan Collins, Amerikalı iş insanı ve politikacı
 1956 - Larry Bird, Amerikalı basketbolcu
 1957 - Tijjani Muhammad-Bande, Nijeryalı diplomat ve siyaset bilimci
 1958 - Rick Rude, Amerikalı profesyonel güreşçi (ö. 1999)
 1960 - Abdellatif Kechiche, Tunuslu-Fransız aktör, film yönetmeni ve senarist
 1962 - İmad Muğniye, İslami Cihat Örgütü ile Hizbullah'ın en üst düzey kurucu üyelerinden biri (ö. 2008)
 1962 - Kürşat Alnıaçık, Türk tiyatrocu ve oyuncu
 1964 - Peter Laviolette, Amerikalı buz hokeyi oyuncusu ve koç
 1965 - Colin Hendry, İskoç millî futbolcu ve teknik direktör
 1965 - Jeffrey Wright, Amerikalı oyuncu
 1966 - C. Thomas Howell, Amerikalı oyuncu
 1968 - Esra Dermancıoğlu, Türk dizi ve sinema oyuncusu
 1970 - Bay J (Jerfi Benveniste), İtalyan asıllı Türk radyocu ve DJ
 1971 - Vladimir Akopian, Ermeni satranç büyükustası
 1971 - Chasey Lain, Amerikalı porno oyuncusu
 1972 - Tammy Lynn Sytch, Amerikalı profesyonel güreşçi
 1973 - İbrahim Kutluay, Türk basketbolcu
 1973 - Damien Rice, İrlandalı şarkıcı
 1977 - Dominic Howard, İngiliz müzisyen ve grup Muse'ın bateristi
 1978 - Shiri Appleby, Amerikalı aktris
 1979 - Sara Bareilles, Amerikalı şarkıcı, şarkı sözü yazarı ve piyanist
 1980 - John George Terry, İngiliz futbolcu
 1981 - Tuba Ünsal, Türk oyuncu ve manken
 1984 - Robert Kubica, Polonyalı Formula 1 pilotu
 1985 - Jon Moxley, Amerikalı profesyonel güreşçi ve aktör
 1987 - Aaron Carter, Amerikalı şarkıcı ve oyuncu
 1988 - Emily Browning, Avustralyalı sinema oyuncusu, şarkıcı ve model
 1989 - Vladan Giljen, Karadağlı futbolcu
 1989 - Nicholas Hoult, İngiliz oyuncu
 1990 - Urszula Radwańska, Polonyalı tenisçi
 1993 - Jasmine Villegas, Amerikalı şarkıcı
 1994 - Yuzuru Hanyu, Japon buz patenci

Ölümler
 MÖ 43 - Cicero, Romalı politikacı ve yazar (d. MÖ 106)
 283 - Eutychianus, 4 Ocak 275 tarihinden ölüm tarihi olan 7 Aralık 283 tarihine kadar papa
 983 - II. Otto, Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu (d. 955)
 1803 - Küçük Hüseyin Paşa, Osmanlı devlet adamı ve Kaptan-ı Derya (d. 1757)
 1815 - Michel Ney, Fransız mareşal ve askeri komutan (d. 1769)
 1886 - Johann Philipp Becker, Alman devrimci (d. 1809)
 1894 - Ferdinand de Lesseps, Fransız diplomat ve girişimci (Süveyş Kanalı'nı hayata geçiren) (d. 1805)
 1895 - Dürrinev Kadınefendi, Sultan Abdülaziz'in birinci eşi ve başkadınefendi (d. 1835)
 1906 - Élie Ducommun, İsviçreli yazar (d. 1833)
 1930 - Noe Ramişvili, Gürcü siyaset adamı (d. 1881)
 1936 - Ziya Nuri Birgi, Türk akademisyen, siyasetçi ve doktor (d. 1872)
 1947 - Nicholas Murray Butler, Amerikalı eğitimci, siyaset adamı ve Nobel Barış Ödülü sahibi (d. 1862)
 1955 - Fatin Gökmen, Türk astronom (d. 1877)
 1956 - Reşat Nuri Güntekin, Türk romancı, öykücü ve oyun yazarı (d. 1889)
 1960 - Clara Haskil, Rumen piyanist (d. 1895)
 1974 - Mehmed Muhiddin Sevilen (Hayali Küçük Ali), Türk Karagöz oynatıcısı (d.1886)
 1974 - Pierre Renouvin, Fransız diplomat ve tarihçi (d. 1893)
 1975 - Thornton Wilder, Amerikalı oyun yazarı ve Pulitzer Ödülü sahibi (d. 1897)
 1979 - Cavit Orhan Tütengil, Türk bilim insanı ve yazar (öldürüldü) (d. 1921)
 1985 - Robert Graves, İngiliz akademisyen, şair ve romancı (d. 1895)
 1990 - Joan Bennett, Amerikalı aktris (d. 1910)
 1992 - Cengiz Tuncer, Türk siyasetçi (d. 1942)
 1992 - Şahin Kaygun, Türk fotoğraf ve grafik sanatçısı (d. 1951)
 1992 - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Fildişi Sahili'nin ilk devlet başkanı (d. 1905)
 1993 - Abidin Dino, Türk ressam (d. 1913)
 1993 - Cevad Marufi, İranlı besteci ve piyanisttir. (d. 1912)
 1998 - Martin Rodbell, Amerikalı biyokimyacı (d. 1925)
 2006 - Suat Sayın, Türk bestekâr, güftekâr ve ses sanatçısı (d. 1932)
 2007 - Erhan Bener, Türk yazar (d. 1929)
 2011 - Harry Morgan, Amerikalı oyuncu (d. 1915)
 2013 - Édouard Molinaro, Fransız film yönetmeni ve senarist (d. 1928)
 2016 - Cüneyd Cemşid, Pakistanlı müzisyen, şarkıcı ve moda tasarımcısı (d. 1964)
 2016 - Paul Elvstrøm, Danimarkalı yelkenci (d. 1928)
 2016 - İsmet Sezgin, Türk siyasetçi (d. 1928)
 2017 - Süleyman Dilbirliği, Türk asker (d. 1926)
 2017 - Philippe Maystadt, Belçikalı siyasetçi (d. 1948)
 2017 - Steve Reevis, Amerikalı sinema ve dizi oyuncusu (d. 1962)
 2018 - Belisario Betancur, Kolombiyalı siyasetçi, yazar ve hukukçu (d. 1923)
 2018 - Ljupka Cundeva, Makedonyalı kadın tiyatro, sinema ve dizi oyuncusu (d. 1934)
 2018 - Shmuel Flatto-Sharon, İsrailli iş insanı, sunucu ve siyasetçi (d. 1930)
 2018 - Håkan Jeppsson, İsveçli iş insanı ve spor yöneticisi (d. 1961)
 2019 - Ron Saunders, İngiliz eski futbolcu ve teknik direktör (d. 1932)
 2019 - Zaza Uruşadze, Gürcü film yönetmeni, senarist ve yapımcı (d. 1965)
 2020 - Fred Akers, Amerikan futbolu oyuncusu ve antrenörü (d. 1938)
 2020 - Tihomir Arsić, Sırp aktör (d. 1957)
 2020 - Divya Bhatnagar, Hint aktris (d. 1986)
 2020 - Jean-François Charbonnier, eski Fransız profesyonel futbolcu (d. 1959)
 2020 - Natalie Desselle-Reid, Amerikalı aktris (d. 1967)
 2020 - Phyllis Eisenstein, Amerikalı roman yazarı (d. 1946)
 2020 - İrfan Gürpınar, Türk siyasetçi (d. 1943)
 2020 - Katarzyna Łaniewska, Polonyalı aktris, siyasetçi ve aktivist (d. 1933)
 2020 - Sean Malone, Amerikalı müzisyen (d. 1970)
 2020 - Lidia Menapace, İtalyan direnişçi ve siyasetçi (d. 1924)
 2020 - Janusz Sanocki, Polonyalı siyasetçi (d. 1954)
 2020 - Ildegarda Taffra, İtalyan kayakçı (d. 1934)
 2020 - Chuck Yeager, Amerikalı pilot (d. 1923)
 2021 - Mustafa Ben Halim, Libyalı siyasetçi (d. 1921)
 2021 - Nanda Prusty, Hint eğitimci (d. 1919)
 2022 - Kerim Bevi, İranlı millî futbolcudur (d. 1964)
 2022 - Jaroslav Bogdálek, Çek Alp disiplini kayakçısı (d. 1929)
 2022 - Jacques Ciron, Fransız aktör ve seslendirme sanatçısı (d. 1928)
 2022 - Jan Nowicki, Polonyalı aktör ve dublaj sanatçısı (d. 1939)
 2022 - Helen Slayton-Hughes, Amerikalı oyuncudur (d. 1930)

Tatiller ve özel günler
 Mevlana Haftası (7-17 Aralık)
Dünya Sivil Havacılık Günü
 Fırtına: Zemheri Fırtınası

1207
07

7 Aralık


Porte de Clignancourt () is a station of the Paris Métro, the northern terminus of line 4, situated in the 18th Arrondissement.

Location
The station is located under Boulevard Ornano at the Porte de Clignancourt.

History
 The station was opened on 21 April 1908 as part of the first section of the line from Châtelet. A terminal loop is provided at the station for trains to turn around to return south towards Montrouge. Passengers usually detrain at the arrival platform and then the train proceeds empty via the loop to the departure platform. Beyond the turning loop lie a series of storage sidings and the main depot for Line 4 in Saint-Ouen.

Clignancourt was an ancient hamlet that belonged to the abbey of Saint-Denis, and was annexed to Paris in 1860. The term "porte" refers to a gate of the Thiers Wall built to defend Paris between 1841 and 1844 and demolished in the 1920s.

Porte de Clignancourt is also one end of Route nationale 14, which links Paris to Rouen.

The station lies just inside the city limits of Paris; to the north of the station is the commune of Saint-Ouen. Thus a short walk from the station is the marché aux puces de Saint-Ouen (), a large flea market founded in the late 17th century and possibly where the term flea market originated about 1880.  Nearby is the Cimetière de Saint-Ouen, a Roman Catholic cemetery associated with Joan of Arc.

In 2018, 8,050,206 travelers entered this station, which places it at the 30th position of metro stations for its usage.

Passenger services

Access
The station has three accesses that lead to Nos 79, 80bis and 82 Boulevard Ornano.

Station layout

Platforms
Porte de Clignancourt is a standard configuration station. It has two platforms separated by metro tracks and the roof is elliptical. The decoration is in the style of green Ouï-dire. The lighting strip is of the same color, supported by false curved consoles. The direct lighting is white while the indirect lighting, projected on the vault, is multicolored. The white ceramic tiles are flat and cover the walls, the roof, the tympans and the outlets of the corridors. The advertising frames are green and cylindrical and the name of the station is written in capital letters on enamelled plates. The platform towards Montrouge, known as the departure platform, is equipped with sit-stand seats and individual gray benches. The other platform, known as the arrival platform, is devoid of seats.

Bus and other connections
The station is served by Lines 56, 85, 137, 166, 255 and 341 of the RATP Bus Network and, at night, by Lines N14 and N44 of the Noctilien network.

The station is also in correspondence with the T3b line of the Ile-de-France tramway since the extension of the latter to the Porte d'Asnières on November 24, 2018.

References

Paris Métro stations in the 18th arrondissement of Paris
Railway stations in France opened in 1908

Porte de Clignancourt station


L'hôpital Saint Jean de Dieu de Tanguiéta créé en 1970 avec 60 lits, est un hôpital situé à Tanguitéta, au Bénin.

Histoire de l'hôpital
L'hôpital est créé dans la philosophie de l'Ordre hospitalier de Saint-Jean-de-Dieu.

Créé en 1970 avec 60 lits en 1970, l'hôpital est situé à 15 heures de route de Cotonou dans la région de l'Atacora. L'hôpital démarre avec deux frères de Saint Jean de Dieu, quatre religieuses espagnoles et un médecin italien.

En 1996, la coopération internationale est poussée par le Docteur Jean Vergès, ancien chirurgien urologue à la Clinique Oudinot et de son épouse Anny, pharmacienne.

En 2018, le Frère Florent, médecin d'origine italienne, dirige hôpital depuis près de 50 ans.

En 2021, l'hôpital dispose de 250 lits et d'un centre de récupération nutritionnelle avec sept frères, cinq sœurs dont deux béninoises, 14 médecins dont certains spécialisés, notamment en chirurgie et gynéco-obstétrique.

Services de l'hôpital
Les soins s'adressent à des patients pratiquement dépourvus de moyens. Il s'agit de césarienne, de réparation de perforation intestinale, de traumatismes ou de morsures de serpents.

Partenariats
Depuis 1990, l'hôpital du Jura participe régulièrement à la vie de l'hôpital béninois soit à travers des missions, des formations ou des envois de matériels.

Depuis 1996, Charles-Henry Rochat de la Clinique Générale-Beaulieu intervient annuellement pour réparer des fistules obstétricales.

Depuis 2014, l'hôpital du Valais en Suisse intervient annuellement à travers des missions à l'hôpital Saint Jean de Dieu de Tanguiéta.

Notes et références

Annexes
 Frère Florent, médecin italien

Articles connexes

 Santé au Bénin
 Centre hospitalier et universitaire de la mère et de l'enfant lagune de Cotonou
 Centre national hospitalier et universitaire Hubert Koutoukou Maga
Centre hospitalier universitaire de Parakou

Hôpital au Bénin

Hôpital Saint Jean de Dieu de Tanguiéta (Bénin)


Runavík Stadion eller við Løkin er et multistadion (stadion til flere sportsgrene) i Runavík på Eysturoy i Færøerne.  Det anvendes i øjeblikket mest til fodboldkampe og er hjemmebane for NSÍ Runavík. Der er plads til 2.000 tilskuere.

Eysturoy
Fodboldstadioner på Færøerne

Runavík Stadion


Palma (; ) é um filme de drama e aventura infantil russo de 2021 dirigido por Aleksandr Domogarov Jr., baseado em eventos reais que ocorreram em 1974-1976 no Aeroporto Internacional Vnukovo, em Moscou.

Foi lançado nas salas de cinema em 18 de março de 2021 pela Central Partnership.

Sinopse
Em 1977, na União Soviética, o dono de uma cadela chamada Palma, da raça pastor-alemão, voa para o exterior. Mas Palma se esconde no aeroporto e espera por seu dono. Ela conhece um menino chamado Kolya Lazarev, que perdeu a mãe, e eles se tornam melhores amigos.

Elenco

Notas

Filmes da Rússia de 2021
Filmes de drama da Rússia
Filmes de aventura da Rússia
Filmes infantis da Rússia
Filmes gravados em Moscou
Filmes ambientados na União Soviética
Filmes ambientados em aeroportos
Filmes com cães
Filmes em língua russa

Palma (filme)


Langhian este o perioadă care începe acum 15,97 milioane de ani și se termină aprox acum 13.65 milioane de ani. Langhianul este precedat de Burdigalian și urmat de Serravallian. Este a treia perioadă a Miocenului.

Bibliografie
 International Commission on Stratigraphy
 International Commission on Stratigraphy - Tabelul stratigrafic internațional actual

Miocen

Langhian


David Ackerman Kyle (* 14. Februar 1919 in Monticello, New York; † 18. September 2016 im Staat New York) war ein US-amerikanischer Science-Fiction-Autor, -Fan, -Herausgeber, -Illustrator und -Verleger.

Leben
Als Jugendlicher veröffentlichte Kyle schon Science-Fiction-Fanzines und gehörte zur New Yorker Science-Fiction-Gruppe der Futurians, zu denen auch Isaac Asimov, Damon Knight und Cyril M. Kornbluth gehörten. Er beteiligte sich 1939 an der ersten World Science Fiction Convention und gründete 1948 mit Martin Greenberg den Verlag Gnome Press, der Werke wie Asimovs Ich, der Robot und den Foundation-Zyklus herausgab. Weiterhin veröffentlichte der Verlag Robert E. Howards Bücher über Conan den Cimmerier.

In den Jahren 1976 und 1977 schrieb Kyle zwei bebilderte Bücher über die Geschichte der Science-Fiction. Zwischen 1980 und 1983 verfasste er die drei letzten Bände in Edward E. Smiths Lensmen-Zyklus. Protagonist der Smithschen Lensmen-Bände war Kimball Kinnison von der Erde gewesen. Kyle ergänzte nun die Geschichten der drei anderen Lensträger zweiter Ordnung, denen jeweils ein Band gewidmet ist.

Außerdem schrieb er hunderte von Beiträgen für Science-Fiction-Zeitschriften und -Fanzines.

Auszeichnungen
 1973: Big Heart Award
 1977: British SF Association Awards, Sonderpreis für A Pictorial History of Science Fiction
 1988: First Fandom Hall of Fame Award
 1991: Gallun Award
 1999: Moskowitz Award

Bibliografie
Lensmen-Zyklus
 8 The Dragon Lensman (1980, über Worsel von Velantia)
 Deutsch: Drachen-Lensmen. Übersetzt von Thomas Schlück. Heyne SF&F #4191, 1985.
 9 Lensman from Rigel (1982, über Tregonsee von Rigel IV)
 Deutsch: Lensmen von Rigel. Übersetzt von Thomas Schlück. Heyne SF&F #4192, 1986, ISBN 3-453-31228-7.
 10 Z-Lensman (1983, über Nadreck von Palain VII)
 Deutsch: Drachen-Lensmen. Übersetzt von Thomas Schlück. Heyne SF&F #4193, 1987, ISBN 3-453-31361-5.

 Kurzgeschichten
 Golden Nemesis (1941)
 The Interstellar Zoo (1951)
 Toys for Debbie (1965)
 Base Ten (1967)
 The Ferryman on the River (1968)
 Deadlier Specie (1968)
 Some Dreams Come in Packages (1971)
 Reaction Time (1982)
 The Decoy Egg (1989)
 Cigarbox (1994)

 Sachliteratur
 A Pictorial History of Science Fiction (1976)
 The Illustrated Book of Science Fiction Ideas & Dreams (1977)

Literatur
 Hans Joachim Alpers, Werner Fuchs, Ronald M. Hahn: Reclams Science-fiction-Führer. Reclam, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-15-010312-6, S. 243.
 Hans Joachim Alpers, Werner Fuchs, Ronald M. Hahn, Wolfgang Jeschke: Lexikon der Science Fiction Literatur. Heyne, München 1991, ISBN 3-453-02453-2, S. 636.
 Peter Nicholls, David Langford, Mike Ashley: Kyle, David A. In: John Clute, Peter Nicholls: The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction. 3. Auflage (Online-Ausgabe), Version vom 22. März 2017.

Weblinks

 David A. Kyle in der Science Fiction Awards+ Database

 David A. Kyle in Fantastic Fiction (englisch)
 David A. Kyle in der Fancyclopedia 3 (englisch)
 Interview with Dave Kyle at Philcon 2012, Video, 43 min
 David Kyle bei Red Jacket Press (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Herausgeber
Verleger (Vereinigte Staaten)
Illustrator (Vereinigte Staaten)
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (Vereinigte Staaten)
Literatur (Englisch)
Science-Fiction-Literatur
Sachliteratur
Roman, Epik
Kurzgeschichte
Erzählung
Essay
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1919
Gestorben 2016
Mann

David A. Kyle


Kelebek - Böceklerin, pulkanatlılar veya kelebekler (Lepidoptera) takımının kanatlı fertlerine verilen genel ad.
 Kelebek (roman) - Henri Charrière'in 1968 yılında yayımlanan romanı.
 Kelebek (film) - Henri Charrière'in romanından uyarlanan 1973 yapımı sinema filmi.
 Kelebek (gazete) - Hürriyet gazetesi eki.
 Kelebek (yüzme), bir yüzme stili.
 Kelebekler (film) - Tolga Karaçelik'in yönettiği 2018 çıkışlı sinema filmi.

Kelebek (anlam ayrımı)


Folgende Wahlen fanden 1924 statt:

Afrika
 am 12. Januar die Parlamentswahl in Ägypten 1924

Europa
 am 1. und 2. April die Parlamentswahl in Finnland
 am 6. April die Parlamentswahlen in Italien
 am 6. April und 4. Mai die Landtagswahl in Bayern 1924, zugleich Volksabstimmung
 am 4. Mai in Deutschland die Reichstagswahl Mai 1924
 am 11. und 25. Mai die Wahl zum Französischen Parlament, siehe Gaston Doumergue#Präsidentschaft 1924 bis 1931
 am 9. und 19. Juni die Wahl zum Parlament in Malta
 im September die Wahl zum Schwedischen Reichstag
 am 21. Oktober die Parlamentswahl in Norwegen
 am 26. Oktober die Bürgerschaftswahl in Hamburg
 am 29. Oktober die Britische Unterhauswahl
 am 7. Dezember in Deutschland die Reichstagswahl Dezember 1924
 am 7. Dezember in Deutschland die Landtagswahl im Volksstaat Hessen 1924

Amerika
 am 4. November:
Präsidentschaftswahl in den Vereinigten Staaten 1924
Wahl zum Senat der Vereinigten Staaten 1924

Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen

!

Wahlen 1924