In an English-speaking country, Standard English (SE) is the variety of English that has undergone substantial regularisation and is associated with formal schooling, language assessment, and official print publications, such as public service announcements and newspapers of record, etc. All linguistic features are subject to the effects of standardisation, including morphology, phonology, syntax, lexicon, register, discourse markers, pragmatics, as well as written features such as spelling conventions, punctuation, capitalisation and abbreviation practices.  SE is local to nowhere: its grammatical and lexical components are no longer regionally marked, although many of them originated in different, non-adjacent dialects, and it has very little of the variation found in spoken or earlier written varieties of English. According to Peter Trudgill, Standard English is a social dialect pre-eminently used in writing that is distinguishable from other English dialects largely by a small group of grammatical "idiosyncrasies," such as irregular reflexive pronouns and an "unusual" present-tense verb morphology.

The term "Standard" refers to the regularisation of the grammar, spelling, usages of the language and not to minimal desirability or interchangeability (e.g., a standard measure). For example, there are substantial differences among the language varieties that countries of the Anglosphere identify as "standard English": in England and Wales, the term Standard English identifies British English, the Received Pronunciation accent, and the grammar and vocabulary of United Kingdom Standard English (UKSE); in Scotland, the variety is Scottish English; in the United States, the General American variety is the spoken standard; and in Australia, the standard English is General Australian. By virtue of a phenomenon sociolinguists call "elaboration of function", specific linguistic features attributed to a standardised dialect become associated with nonlinguistic social markers of prestige (like wealth or education). The standardised dialect itself, in other words, is not linguistically superior to other dialects of English used by an Anglophone society.

Definitions
Although standard English is usually associated with official communications and settings, it is diverse in registers (stylistic levels), such as those for journalism (print, television, internet) and for academic publishing (monographs, academic papers, internet). This diversity in registers also exists between the spoken and the written forms of SE, which are characterised by degrees of formality; therefore, Standard English is distinct from formal English, because it features stylistic variations, ranging from casual to formal. Furthermore, the usage codes of nonstandard dialects (vernacular language) are less stabilised than the codifications of Standard English, and thus more readily accept and integrate new vocabulary and grammatical forms. Functionally, the national varieties of SE are characterised by generally accepted rules, often grammars established by linguistic prescription in the 18th century.

English originated in England during the Anglo-Saxon period, and is now spoken as a first or second language in many countries of the world, many of which have developed one or more "national standards" (though this does not refer to published standards documents, but to the frequency of consistent usage). English is the first language of the majority of the population in a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Republic of Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, the Bahamas and Barbados and is an official language in many others, including India, Pakistan, the Philippines, South Africa and Nigeria; each country has a standard English with a grammar, spelling and pronunciation particular to the local culture.

As the result of colonisation and historical migrations of English-speaking populations, and the predominant use of English as the international language of trade and commerce (a lingua franca), English has also become the most widely used second language. Countries in which English is neither indigenous nor widely spoken as an additional language may import a variety of English via instructional materials (typically British English or American English) and consider it "standard" for teaching and assessment purposes. Typically, British English is taught as standard across Europe, the Caribbean, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia, and American English is taught as standard across Latin America and East Asia. This does, however, vary between regions and individual teachers. In some areas a pidgin or creole language blends English with one or more native languages.

Grammar

Although the standard Englishes of the anglophone countries are similar, there are minor grammatical differences and divergences of vocabulary among the varieties. In American and Australian English, for example, "sunk" and "shrunk" as past-tense forms of "sink" and "shrink" are acceptable as standard forms, whereas standard British English retains the past-tense forms of "sank" and "shrank". In Afrikaner South African English, the deletion of verbal complements is becoming common. This phenomenon sees the objects of transitive verbs being omitted: "Did you get?", "You can put in the box". This kind of construction is infrequent in most other standardised varieties of English.

Origins
In the past, different scholars have meant different things by the phrase 'Standard English', when describing its emergence in medieval and early modern England. In the nineteenth century, it tended to be used in relation to the wordstock. Nineteenth-century scholars Earle and Kington-Oliphant conceived of the standardisation of English in terms of ratios of Romance to Germanic vocabulary. Earle claimed that the works of the poets Gower and Chaucer, for instance, were written in what he called 'standard language' because of their amounts of French-derived vocabulary.

Subsequently, attention shifted to the regional distribution of phonemes. Morsbach, Heuser and Ekwall conceived of standardisation largely as relating to sound-change, especially as indicated by spellings for vowels in stressed syllables, with a lesser emphasis on morphology.

Mid-twentieth-century scholars McIntosh and Samuels continued to focus on the distribution of spelling practice but as primary artefacts, which are not necessarily evidence of underlying articulatory reality. Their work led to the publication of the Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English, which aims to describe dialectal variation in Middle English between 1350 and 1450. The final date was chosen to reflect the increasing standardisation of written English. Although as they note, "The dialects of the spoken language did not die out, but those of the written language did".

A number of late-twentieth-century scholars tracked morphemes as they standardised, such as auxiliary do, third-person present-tense -s, you/thou, the wh- pronouns, and single negation, multiple negations being common in Old and Middle English and remaining so in spoken regional varieties of English.

Present-day investigations
In the twenty-first century, scholars consider all of the above and more, including the rate of standardisation across different text-types such as administrative documents; the role of the individual in spreading standardisation; the influence of multilingual and mixed-language writing; the influence of the Book of Common Prayer; standardisation of the wordstock; evolution of technical registers; standardisation of morphemes; standardisation of letter-graphs, and the partial standardisation of Older Scots.

Late West Saxon
After the unification of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms by Alfred the Great and his successors, the West Saxon variety of Old English began to influence writing practices in other parts of England. The first variety of English to be called a "standard literary language" was the West Saxon variety of Old English.

However, Kornexl defines the classification of Late West Saxon Standard as rather constituting a set of orthographic norms than a standardised dialect, as there was no such thing as standardisation of Old English in the modern sense: Old English did not standardise in terms of reduction of variation, reduction of regional variation, selection of word-stock, standardisation of morphology or syntax, or use of one dialect for all written purposes everywhere.

The Norman Conquest of 1066 decreased the usage of Old English but it was still used in parts of the country for at least another century.

Mixed language
Following the changes brought about by the Norman Conquest of 1066, England became a trilingual society. Literate people wrote in Medieval Latin and Anglo-Norman French more than they wrote in monolingual English. In addition, a widely used system developed which mixed several languages together, typically with Medieval Latin as the grammatical basis, adding in nouns, noun-modifiers, compound-nouns, verb-stems and -ing forms from Anglo-Norman French and Middle English. This mixing of Medieval Latin, Anglo-Norman French and Middle English in a grammatically regular system is known to modern scholars as 'mixed-language, and it became the later fourteenth and fifteenth-century norm for accounts, inventories, testaments and personal journals.

The mixed-language system was abandoned over the fifteenth century, and at different times in different places, it became replaced by monolingual supralocal English, although it was not always a straightforward exchange. For example, Alcolado-Carnicero surveyed the London Mercers' Livery Company Wardens' Accounts and found that they switched back and forth for over seventy years between 1390 and 1464 before finally committing to monolingual English.

Individual scribes spent whole careers in the mixed-language stage, with no knowledge that monolingual English would be the eventual outcome and that it was in fact a stage of transition. For much of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, writing in mixed-language was the professional norm in money-related text types, providing a conduit for the borrowing of Anglo-Norman vocabulary into English.

Middle English
From the 1370s monolingual Middle English was used increasingly, mainly for local communication. Up until the later fifteenth century it was characterised by great regional and spelling variation. After the middle of the fifteenth century, supralocal monolingual varieties of English began to evolve for numerous pragmatic functions.

Supralocalisation is where "dialect features with a limited geographical distribution are replaced by features with a wider distribution".

Over the later fifteenth century, individuals began to restrict their spelling ratios, selecting fewer variants.

However, each scribe made individual selections so that the pool of possible variants per feature still remained wide at the turn of the sixteenth century.

Thus, the early stage of standardisation can be identified by the reduction of grammatical and orthographical variants and loss of geographically marked variants in the writing of individuals.

Demise of Anglo-Norman
The rise of written monolingual English was due to the abandonment of Anglo-Norman French in the last quarter of the fourteenth century and first quarter of the fifteenth, with subsequent absorption into supralocal varieties of English of much of its wordstock and many of its written conventions. Some of these conventions were to last, such as minimal spelling variation, and some were not, such as digraph  and trigraph .

Anglo-Norman was the variety of French that was widely used by the educated classes in late medieval England. It was used, for example, as the teaching language in grammar schools. For example, the Benedictine monk Ranulph Higden, who wrote the widely copied historical chronicle Polychronicon, remarks that, against the practice of other nations, English children learn Latin grammar in French. Ingham analysed how Anglo-Norman syntax and morphology written in Britain began to differ from Anglo-Norman syntax and morphology written on the Continent from the 1370s onwards until the language fell out of use in Britain in the 1430s.

Ingham shows that after the last quarter of the fourteenth century Anglo-Norman written in England displayed the kind of grammatical levelling which occurs as the result of language acquired in adulthood, and deduces that the use of Anglo-Norman in England as a spoken vehicle for teaching in childhood must have ceased around the end of the fourteenth century. Schipor found that of the 7,070 Hampshire administrative (episcopal, municipal, manorial) documents she looked at written 1399–1525, Anglo-Norman ceased to be used after 1425.

The pragmatic function for which Anglo-Norman had been used – largely administering money – became replaced by monolingual English or Latin. Wright suggests that the reason for the abandonment of Anglo-Norman towards the end of the fourteenth century and consequent absorption of many of its written features into written English lay in the socio-economic improvement of the poorer, monolingually English-speaking classes over that century.

Supralocal varieties
When monolingual English replaced Anglo-Norman French, it took over its pragmatic functions too. Stenroos, surveying the Middle English Local Documents corpus containing 2,017 texts from 766 different locations around England written 1399–1525, found that language choice was conditioned by the readership or audience: if the text was aimed at professionals, then the text was written in Latin; if it was aimed at non-professionals, then the text was written in Anglo-Norman until the mid-fifteenth century and either Latin or English thereafter. Stenroos details the sort of more oral, less predictable texts that were aimed at non-professionals as correspondence, ordinances, oaths, conditions of obligation and occasional leases and sales.

The supralocal varieties of English which replaced Anglo-Norman in the late fifteenth century were still regional, but less so than fourteenth-century Middle English had been, particularly with regard to morphemes, closed-class words and spelling sequences. For example, Thengs showed urban-hopping of less regionally-marked features in texts from Cheshire and Staffordshire ('urban-hopping' refers to texts copied in cities being more standardised than those copied in smaller towns and villages, which contained more local dialect features); Fernández Cuesta found a lower frequency of regionally-marked spellings in wills from urban York versus those from rural Swaledale; and Bergstrøm found that texts from Cambridge were less regionally marked than those from the surrounding Midlands and East Anglian areas.

However, these late fifteenth and sixteenth-century supralocal varieties of English were not yet standardised. Medieval Latin, Anglo-Norman and mixed-language set a precedent model, as Latin and French had long been conventionalised on the page and their range of variation was limited. Supralocal varieties of English took on this uniformity by reducing more regionally-marked features and permitting only one or two minor variants.

Transition to Standard English
Later fifteenth- and sixteenth-century supralocalisation was facilitated by increased trade networks.

As people in cities and towns increasingly did business with each other, words, morphemes and spelling-sequences were transferred around the country by means of speaker-contact, writer-contact and the repeat back-and-forth encounters inherent in trading activity, from places of greater density to those of lower. Communities of practice such as accountants auditing income and outgoings, merchants keeping track of wares and payments, and lawyers writing letters on behalf of clients, led to the development of specific writing conventions for specific spheres of activity. Conde Silvestre found that English letter-writers 1424–1474 in one community of practice (estate administrators) reduced spelling variation in words of Romance origin but not in words of English origin, reflecting the pragmatics of law and administration, which had previously been the domain of Anglo-Norman and mixed-language.

This shows that the reduction of variation in supralocal varieties of English was due to the influence of Anglo-Norman and mixed-language: when English took over their pragmatic roles, it also took on their quality of spelling uniformity. Romero Barranco found that members of the gentry and professionals, in contradistinction to the nobility and lower commoners, were the main users of French suffixes in his survey of the Parsed Corpus of Early English Correspondence, 1410–1681.

This finding that the middling classes uptook French elements into English first is in keeping with Conde Silvestre's estate administrators' reduction of spelling variation in words of French origin: in both cases, the literate professional classes ported Anglo-Norman writing conventions into their English.

Standard English was not to settle into its present form until the early nineteenth century. It contains elements from different geographical regions, described by Kitson as "an urban amalgam drawing on non-adjacent dialects".

Examples of multiregional morphemes are auxiliary do from south-western dialects and third-person present tense -s and plural are from northern ones. An example of multiregional spelling is provided by the reflex of Old English /y(:)/: according to Jordan, Old English /y(:)/ was written as  in the north and north-east Midlands,  in the south and south-west Midlands, and  in the south-east and south-east Midlands (although see Kitson for critical discussion). Standard English retains multiregional  spellings such as cudgel (Old English cycgel), bridge (Old English brycg), merry (Old English myrig).

Unlike earlier twentieth-century histories of standardisation (see below), it is no longer felt necessary to posit unevidenced migrations of peoples to account for movement of words, morphemes and spelling conventions from the provinces into Standard English. Such multiregionalisms in Standard English are explained by the fifteenth-century countrywide expansion of business, trade and commerce, with linguistic elements passed around communities of practice and along weak-tie trade networks, both orally and in writing.

Superseded explanations

Although the following hypotheses have now been superseded, they still prevail in literature aimed at students. However more recent handbook accounts such as Schaeffer and Beal explain that they are insufficient.

a. East Midlands
Ekwall hypothesised that Standard English developed from the language of upper-class East Midland merchants who influenced speakers in the City of London.

By 'language', Ekwall stipulated just certain  graphs and  letter-graphs in stressed syllables, present plural suffix -e(n, present participle suffix -ing, and pronoun they, which he thought could not be East Saxon and so must be from eastern Anglian territory. He, therefore, examined locative surnames in order to discover whether people bearing names originating from settlements in the East Midlands (in which he included East Anglia) migrated to London between the Norman Conquest of 1066 and 1360. By this method, he found that most Londoners who bore surnames from elsewhere indicated an origin in London's hinterland, not from East Anglia or the East Midlands. Nevertheless, he hypothesised that East Midlands upper-class speakers did affect the speech of the upper classes in London. He thought that upper-class speech would have been influential, although he also suggested influence from the Danelaw in general. Thus his dataset was very limited, by 'standard' he meant a few spellings and morphemes rather than a dialect per se, his data did not support migration from the East Midlands, and he made unsupported assumptions about the influence of the speech of the upper classes (details in Wright).

b. Central Midlands
Samuels criticised Ekwall's East Midlands hypothesis.

He shifted Ekwall's hypothesis from the East to the Central Midlands, he classified late medieval London and other texts into Types I-IV, and he introduced the label 'Chancery Standard' to describe writing from the King's Office of Chancery, which he claimed was the precursor of Standard English. Samuels did not question Ekwall's original assumption that there must have been a migration from somewhere north of London to account for certain  graphs and  letter-graphs in stressed syllables, present plural suffix -e(n, present participle suffix -ing, and pronoun they in fifteenth-century London texts, but his work for the Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English did not support the possibility of an East Anglian or East Midland migration, and he replaced it by hypothesising a migration of people from the Central Midlands, although without historical evidence. Like Ekwall, Samuels was not dogmatic and presented his work as preliminary.

c. Types I-IV
Samuels classified fifteenth century manuscripts into four Types.

These divisions have subsequently proved problematical, partly because Samuels did not specify exactly which manuscripts fall into which class, and partly because other scholars do not see inherent cohesiveness within each Type. Peikola examining Type 1, ('Central Midland Standard') spelling ratios in the orthography of 68 hands who wrote manuscripts of the Later Version of the Wycliffite Bible, concluded: "it is difficult to sustain a 'grand unifying theory' about Central Midland Standard".

Thaisen analysing the orthography of texts forming Type 2 found no consistent similarities between different scribes' spelling choices and no obvious overlap of selection signalling incipient standardisation, concluding "it is time to lay the types to rest."

Horobin examining spelling in Type 3 texts reported "such variation warns us against viewing these types of London English as discrete … we must view Samuels' typology as a linguistic continuum rather than as a series of discrete linguistic varieties".

d. Chancery Standard
Samuels's Type IV, dating after 1435, was labelled by Samuels 'Chancery Standard' because it was supposedly the dialect in which letters from the King's Office of Chancery supposedly emanated.

John H. Fisher and his collaborators asserted that the orthography of a selection of documents including Signet Letters of Henry V, copies of petitions sent to the Court of Chancery, and indentures now kept in The National Archives, constituted what he called "Chancery English". This orthographical practice was supposedly created by the government of Henry V, and was supposedly the precursor of Standard English. However, this assertion attracted strong objections, such as those made by Davis, Haskett, Watts,<ref>Watts, R.J. (1999). T. Bex and R. J. Watts (ed.). The social construction of Standard English: grammar writers as a 'discourse community'''. Standard English: the Widening Debate. London: Routledge. pp. 40–68</ref> and Takeda. Takeda points out that "the language of the documents displays much variation and it is not clear from the collection what exactly 'Chancery English' is, linguistically" (for a critique of Fisher's assertions, see Takeda.) For a critique of Fisher's philological work, see Benskin, who calls his scholarship "uninformed not only philologically but historically".

DoddDodd, Gwilym (2011). E. Salter and H. Wicker (ed.). The spread of English in the records of central government, 1400-1430. Vernacularity in England and Wales, c. 1300-1550. Turnhout: Brepols. pp. 225–66. has shown that most letters written by scribes from the Office of Chancery were in Medieval Latin and that petitions to the Crown shifted from Anglo-Norman French before  to monolingual English around the middle of the century. Scribes working for the Crown wrote in Latin, but scribes working for individuals petitioning the king – it is likely that individuals engaged professionals to write on their behalf, but who these scribes were is not usually known – wrote in French before the first third of the fifteenth century, and after that date in English. As with mixed-language writing, there followed decades of switching back and forth before the Crown committed to writing in monolingual English so that the first English royal letter of 1417 did not signal a wholesale switchover.

Latin was still the dominant language in the second half of the fifteenth century. As Stenroos puts it, "the main change was the reduction in the use of French, and the long-term development was towards more Latin, not less. On the whole, the output of government documents in English continued to be small compared to Latin."

 Vocabulary

 Spelling

With rare exceptions, Standard Englishes use either American or British spelling systems, or a mixture of the two (such as in Australian English, Canadian English, and Indian English spelling). British spellings usually dominate in Commonwealth countries.

 See also
 Standard language
 Comparison of American and British English
 International English
 Internet linguistics
 Modern English
 World Englishes

 Notes

 Bibliography

 Blake, N. F. 1996. "A History of the English Language" (Basingstoke: Palgrave)
 Burridge, Kate and Bernd Kortmann (eds). 2008. "Varieties of English: vol 3, The Pacific and Australasia" (Berlin and NY: Mouton de Gruyter)

 Crystal, David. 1997. "A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics" 4th ed. (Oxford: Blackwell)
 Durkin, Philip. "Global English", Oxford English Dictionary, 2007. Accessed 2007-11-07.

 Gorlach, Manfred. 1997. "The Linguistic History of English" (Basingstoke: Macmillan)

 Harder, Jayne C., Thomas Sheridan: A Chapter in the Saga of Standard English, American Speech, Vol. 52, No. 1/2 (Spring - Summer, 1977), pp. 65–75.

 Kortmann, Bernd and Clive Upton (eds). 2008. "Varieties of English: vol 1, The British Isles" (Berlin and NY: Mouton de Gruyter)
 Mesthrie, Rajend (ed). 2008. "Varieties of English: vol 4, Africa, South and Southeast Asia" (Berlin and NY: Mouton de Gruyter)

 Schneider, Edgar W. (ed). 2008. "Varieties of English: vol 2, The Americas and the Caribbean" (Berlin and NY: Mouton de Gruyter)
 Smith, Jeremy. 1996. "An Historical Study of English: Function, Form and Change" (London: Routledge)
 Thorne, Sarah. 1997. "Mastering Advanced English Language" (Basingstoke: Macmillan)
Trudgill, Peter (1999). Bex & Watts (ed.). Prof (PDF). Standard English: the Widening Debate. London: Routledge. pp. 117–128. .

 External links
 The Development of Standard English Cambridge University Press''

English language
English as a global language
English

Standard English


Institut za suvremenu umjetnost, nevladina je organizacija registrirana 1998. godine u Zagrebu, a nastala iz Soros centra za suvremenu umjetnost – Zagreb (osnovanog 1993. godine). Osnivači su povjesničari umjetnosti, kustosi, umjetnici, fotografi, dizajneri, nakladnici, sveučilišnih profesori i novinari: Agar Pata (od 1999.), Boris Cvjetanović, Branko Čagec, Darko Šimičić, Igor Kuduz, Branka Stipančić (do 1999.), Jadranka Vinterhalter, Janka Vukmir, Karmen Bašić († 1999.), Leonida Kovač, Mladen Lučić, Slaven Tolj, Zvonko Maković i Zlatko Gall.

Institut njeguje istraživačku, kustosku, izlagačku i izdavačku praksu, kroz organiziranje izložbi, nagrade za mlade umjetnike, konferencija, publiciranje kataloga i stručnih knjiga, te održavanje arhiva, knjižnice, fototeke i vođenje svog galerijskog prostora.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica

Organizacije u Hrvatskoj
Umjetnički muzeji i galerije u Zagrebu

Institut za suvremenu umjetnost (Zagreb)


Uma fonte de água benta é um recipiente contendo água benta que geralmente é colocado perto da entrada de uma igreja. Muitas vezes é colocado na base de um crucifixo ou representação religiosa. É usado na Igreja Católica, Igrejas Anglicanas e algumas igrejas Luteranas para fazer o Sinal da Cruz usando a água benta na entrada da igreja. A água benta é abençoada por um padre ou diácono, e muitos cristãos acreditam que seja um lembrete das promessas batismais.

Ver também
 Pia batismal

Referências

Ligações externas
 "Holy Water Fonts" Catholic Encyclopedia article

Arquitetura eclesiástica
Água e religião

Fonte de água benta


Izidor Peluzijski (oko 360. – 450.) je rođen u Egiptu u uglednoj alexandrijskoj obitelji. Postao je asketa i otišao u planinu u blizini grada Peluzija, prema tradiciji Pustinjskih Otaca.
Izidor nam je postao poznat po svojim pismima, napisanim Ćirilu Aleksandrijskom, Teodoziju II. i nizu drugih. Zbirka od 2.000 pisama napravljena je u antici u konstantinopolskom samostanu koji je pripadao Akoimatima, a do nas je došlo preko brojnih manuskripta gdje je svako pismo označeno rednim brojevima. Pisma su uglavnom vrlo kratki ekstrakti, duljine od jedne do dvije rečenice. Preostala neobjavljena pisma postoje u sirijskom prijevodu. Neka su od velikog značaja za egzegezu grčke Biblije. Obožava se kao svetac, čiji se blagdan slavi 4. veljače.

Život
Izidor Peluzijski je živio u četvrtom i petom stoljeću. Bio je rodom iz Aleksandrije i rođak Teofila, Aleksandrijskog patrijarha, te je bio jedino dijete kod svojih roditelja koje se obrazovalo. Podučavali su ga crkvenim knjigama, kao i grčkom jeziku u kojem je nadmašio mnoge. Bio je također asketski tip te vrlo ponizan. Kad je saznao da ga je narod Aleksandrije, kao i biskupi, željeli postaviti za patrijarha Aleksandrije, pod okriljem noči je odjurio na Peluziju i postao redovnik u tamošnjem samostanu. Uskoro je postao poznat po svojoj odanosti u poštovanju pravila kao i po svom asketizmu. Odlomak njegove ogromne korespondencije daje razlog za vjerovanje da je bio Abot tj. da je upravljao samostanom.
Slijedeći primjer Sv. Ivana Zlatoustog, kojeg je uspio vidjeti i čuti prilikom putovanja u Konstantinopol, Isidor se prvenstveno posvetio kršćanskom propovijedanju. Ipak, on piše u jednom pismu: "Mnogo je važnije biti vičan u dobrim djelima nego u slatkorječivom propovijedanju". Prijateljstvo s Ivanom Zlatoustim rezultiralo je njegovom podrškom sv. Ivanu u vrijeme kada ga je progonila carica Eudoksia i nadbiskup Teofil.
Na inicijativu Sv. Izidora, u Efezu je održan Treći ekumenski sabor (431.), na kojemu je osuđena lažna poduka Nestorija o osobi Isusa Krista.
Sveti Izidor Peluzijski je umro oko 450. godine, a njegov blagdan se slavi 4. veljače.

Pisma
Jedina postojeća djela sv. Izidora su znatna korespondencija, koja sadrži više od 2000 pisama. Povjesničar Nicephorus Gregoras tvrdi da je sv. Izidor napisao više od 10.000 pisama raznim ljudima, u kojima je opominjao jednog, savjetovao drugoga, tješio trećega, uputio četvrtog.
Ova pisma sv. Izidora mogu se podijeliti u tri grupe a sve prema temama koje obrađuju: onima koji se bave dogmom i Svetim pismom, onima koje se bave crkvenom i redovničkom disciplinom, te onima s praktičnim moralom za vođenje laika koji su pripadali svim staležima i prilikama. Njegovo pismo izvjesnom Tubi pokazalo je da se smatra neodgovarajućim da vojnik nosi mač u gradu u vrijeme mira i da se javno pojavljuje s oružjem u vojnoj odori.
Njegov savjet u pogledu onih koji su prihvatili redovnički život je bio da u početku ne bi trebali primjenjivati puni asketizam i strogo se držati pravila jer bi ih to moglo obeshrabriti, ali ne bi trebali ni mirovati i izuzeti se od običnih zadaća da ne bi stekli navike lijenosti, nego bi trebali ići korak po korak do onoga što je najbolje. Velike apstinencije ne služe svrsi, osim ako ih ne prati ubojstvo čulnih grijeha mortifikacija). Redovnički habit bi trebao biti, ako je moguće, od kože, a njegova hrana se sastojati od bilja, osim ako tjelesna slabost ne zahtijeva nešto više.
Prije nestorijskih kontroverzi sv. Izidor Peluzijanski, mentor sv. Ćirilu iz Aleksandrije i drugim biskupima, upozorio je Ćirila u pismu da bi trebao "zaustaviti ove sporne argumente;  uzdrži se od uplitanja živuće Crkve u svoje privatne osvete koja je izašla iz okvira obveze prema mrtvima". Izidor je ovo napisao zbog Ćirilovog odbijanja da vrati ime Ivana Zlatoustog u diptihe aleksandrijske crkve nakon što je isto bilo maknuto nakon Ivanovog uklanjanja na Sinodi od hrasta 403. godine, s čime se kasnije i Ćiril složio da ga treba vratiti.
Pisma se mogu naći u 78. tomu Patrologije Graeca, zbirke grčkih spisa kršćanskih pisaca i teologa koji se odnose na izvorni grčki tekst i latinski prijevod. Pierre Evieux uredio je drugu polovicu zbirke, gdje je bio najozbiljniji nered a također je izradio tabelu koja je referirala između izvorne numeracije i one u Patrologiji Graeca. Ostala pisma nisu nikada primila nekakav kritički uvid ili da su prevedena na bilo koji suvremeni jezik.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Coptic Encyclopedia entry for Isidorus of Pelusium
A few letters in English translation

Egipatski sveci

Izidor Peluzijski


Babaï ( ; ) est une commune urbaine de l'oblast de Kharkiv, en Ukraine. Elle compte  en 2021.

Lieux d'intérêt

Références

Commune urbaine dans l'oblast de Kharkiv

Babaï (oblast de Kharkiv)


A neurofenomenologia refere-se a um programa de pesquisa científica destinado a abordar o difícil problema da consciência de maneira pragmática. Combina-se a neurociência com a fenomenologia para estudar a experiência, a mente e a consciência com ênfase na condição corporificada da mente humana. O campo está muito ligado a campos como neuropsicologia, neuroantropologia e neurociência comportamental e o estudo da fenomenologia na psicologia.

Visão geral

O rótulo foi cunhado por C. Laughlin, J. McManus e E. d'Aquili em 1990. No entanto, o termo foi apropriado e recebeu uma compreensão distinta pelo neurocientista cognitivo Francisco Varela em meados da década de 1990, cujo trabalho inspirou muitos filósofos e neurocientistas a continuar com essa nova direção de pesquisa.

A fenomenologia é um método filosófico de investigação da experiência cotidiana. O foco da fenomenologia está no exame de diferentes fenômenos (do grego, phainomenon, "aquilo que se mostra") como eles aparecem para a consciência, ou seja, em uma perspectiva de primeira pessoa. Assim, a fenomenologia é uma disciplina particularmente útil para compreender como é que as aparências se nos apresentam e como é que lhes atribuímos sentido.

A neurociência é o estudo científico do cérebro e lida com os aspectos de terceira pessoa da consciência. Alguns cientistas que estudam a consciência acreditam que a utilização exclusiva de métodos de primeira ou terceira pessoa não fornecerá respostas para as difíceis questões da consciência.

Historicamente, Edmund Husserl é considerado o filósofo cujo trabalho fez da fenomenologia uma disciplina filosófica coerente com uma metodologia concreta no estudo da consciência, a saber, a epoché. Husserl, que foi um ex-aluno de Franz Brentano, pensou que no estudo da mente era extremamente importante reconhecer que a consciência é caracterizada pela intencionalidade, um conceito frequentemente explicado como "sobressalto"; consciência é sempre consciência de algo. Uma ênfase particular na fenomenologia da corporificação foi desenvolvida pelo filósofo Maurice Merleau-Ponty em meados do século XX.

Naturalmente, a fenomenologia e a neurociência encontram uma convergência de interesses comuns. No entanto, principalmente por divergências ontológicas entre a fenomenologia e a filosofia da mente, o diálogo entre essas duas disciplinas ainda é um assunto bastante controverso. O próprio Husserl era muito crítico em relação a qualquer tentativa de naturalizar a filosofia, e sua fenomenologia foi fundada sobre uma crítica do empirismo: psicologismo e antropologismo como pontos de vista contraditórios na filosofia e na lógica. A crítica influente dos pressupostos ontológicos da ciência cognitiva computacionalista e representacionalista, bem como da inteligência artificial, feita pelo filósofo Hubert Dreyfus marcou novos rumos para a integração das neurociências com uma ontologia corporificada. O trabalho de Dreyfus influenciou cientistas cognitivos e neurocientistas a estudar fenomenologia e ciência cognitiva corporificada e/ou enativismo. Um desses casos é o neurocientista Walter Jackson Freeman III, cuja análise neurodinâmica tem uma abordagem marcadamente merleau-pontyiana.

Ver também

 António Damásio
 Autopoiese
 Biossemiótica
 Cognição corporificada
 Francisco Varela
 Hubert Dreyfus

Bibliografia

Estudos da consciência
Neuropsicologia
Fenomenologia

Neurofenomenologia


A Academia de Belas Artes de Praga (em tcheco: Akademie výtvarných umění v Praze; AVU) é uma faculdade de arte em Praga, República Tcheca. Fundada em 1799, é a faculdade de arte mais antiga do país. A escola oferece doze programas de mestrado e um programa de doutorado.

Histórico
A partir do início do século 18, uma série de organizações foram formadas em Praga com interesse em promover a arte e a educação. Graças em parte aos seus esforços, a Academia de Belas Artes foi fundada por Decreto Imperial em 10 de setembro de 1799. Começou com a instrução em desenho. A academia foi gradualmente expandida para incluir programas de arquitetura , pintura, gravura e escultura, entre outros. Em 1990, reformas drásticas foram realizadas pelo reitor Milan Knížák reorganizar o conceito e a estrutura interna da escola. Em 1991, novos programas de estudo relacionados à mídia, incluindo filmes e animação por computador, foram adicionados.

Hoje
Hoje, a academia é uma universidade credenciada que oferece educação em arte moderna e histórica. Como uma escola exclusivamente de pós-graduação, não há acomodações para estudantes ou instalações para alimentação no campus. Os programas internacionais são oferecidos em tcheco, com um número limitado de aulas oferecidas em inglês.

História da Europa

Academia de Belas Artes de Praga


Seeheim-Jugenheim is a municipality in the Darmstadt-Dieburg district in Hesse, Germany.  It has a population of approximately 17,000.

Seeheim-Jugenheim consists of seven villages:

Balkhausen (population 693)
Jugenheim (population 4,448)
Malchen (population 1,004)
Ober-Beerbach (population 1,269)
Seeheim (population 9,060)
Steigerts (population 81)
Stettbach (population 144)

The municipality was formed on January 1, 1977 through the unification of the previously separate municipalities of Seeheim and Jugenheim.  Until January 1, 1978 the municipality was known as Seeheim; after that it became known as Seeheim-Jugenheim.

It is known for its mountain bike trails to the nearby mountain Melibokus.

Seeheim-Jugenheim has been home to several notable residents throughout history, including Tsar Nicholas II of Russia as well as writers Georg Kaiser and Helene Christaller.

Further it has been an ancient Jewish Community.

Industrial and commercial activity in Seeheim-Jugenheim is close to nonexistent; thus, most of its residents work in the nearby cities of Darmstadt, Frankfurt or Heidelberg.

The local football team is called Spielvereiningung Seeheim Jugenheim.

Notable people
 Christian Alvart (born 1974), German filmmaker
 Georg-Christof Bertsch (born 1959), German designer
 Walter Christaller (1893-1969), German geographer
 Hans-Joachim Heist (born 1949), German actor and comedian
 Eleonore Marguerre (born 1978), German opera singer
 Uwe Scholz (1958-2004), German ballet dancer and choreographer
 Gabriele Britz (born 1968) German jurist

Buildings and Parks

 Schloss Heligenberg
 Burg Tannenberg
 Altes Rathaus
 Goldschmidts Park
 Schuldorf Bergstrasse
 Schloss Seeheim

See also
 Guggenheim (disambiguation)
 State International School Seeheim

Twin towns
 Villenave d'Ornon, France, since 1982
 Kosmonosy, Czech Republic, since 1997
 Ceregnano, Italy, since 2008
 Karlovo, Bulgaria, since 2018

References

Darmstadt-Dieburg
Historic Jewish communities

Seeheim-Jugenheim


La U.S. Route 199 o Ruta Federal 199 (abreviada US 199) es una autopista federal ubicada en los estados de California y Oregón. La autopista inicia en el Sur desde la , California hacia el Norte en la , Oregón. La autopista tiene una longitud de 128,8 km (80.05 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las carreteras estatales, las carreteras interestatales, y el resto de rutas federales, la U.S. Route 199 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Transporte de California en California, y el Departamento de Transporte de Oregón en la sección de Oregón.

Cruces
{| class=wikitable
!Estado
!Condado
!Localidad
!MiliarioMilepoint
!Destinos
!Notas
|-
|rowspan=9| California
|rowspan=9| Del Norte
|
|bgcolor=#ffdddd|T0.51
|bgcolor=#ffdddd|
|bgcolor=#ffdddd|Salida Sur y entrada Norte
|-
|
|
|colspan=2 align=center|Extremo norte de la autopista
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|Kings Valley Road, Parkway Drive (CR D2)
|
|-
|
|4.37
|
|
|-
|Gasquet
|T14.64
|Gasquet Flat Road
|
|-
|Patrick Creek
|R22.07
|Patricks Creek Road
|
|-
|
|33.52
|colspan=2 align=center|Túnel Collier bajo el Hazel View Summit
|-
|
|36.41
|rowspan=2 colspan=2 align=center|Frontera de California–Oregón
|-
|rowspan=10| Oregón
|rowspan=10| Josephine
|
|41.69
|-
|Cave Junction
|28.95
|
|
|-
|
|8.79-7.67
|Old Redwood Highway a Fish Hatchery Road – Wilderville, Murphy
|
|-
|
|7.09
|Riverbanks Road (OR 260) – Robertson Bridge, Merlin, Griffin Park
|
|-
|rowspan=6|Grants Pass
|0.20-0.05
|
|
|-bgcolor=#ddffdd
|0.35-0.01
|
|Extremo sur de la OR 99
|-
| -0.87
|
|Antiguo Ramal Redwood
|-
| -0.94
|E Street
|Antigua Rogue River Loop Highway (Ruta de Oregón 260)
|-bgcolor=#ffdddd
| -2.63
|Scoville Road
|Interchange; Salida Norte y entrada Sur
|-bgcolor=#ddffdd
| -2.74
|
|Interchange; Extremo norte de la OR 99

Ramal Redwood (Grants Pass Parkway)
Todas las intersecciones están dentro de Grants Pass, Condado de Josephine.
{| class=wikitable
!Miliario
!Destinatinos
!Notas
|-
| -0.69
|, Crescent City
|Cruce del ramal con la línea principal
|-
| -0.64
|
|
|-
| -0.55
|
|No giro en sentido sur de la OR 99
|-
| -0.48
|
|No giro en sentido norte de la OR 99
|-
| -0.03
|Parkdale Drive, Park Street – Rogue River, Grants Pass City Center
|
|-
|0.24
|M Street – Grants Pass City Center, Old Town
|
|-
|0.86
|F Street – Grants Pass City Center, Old Town
|Antiguo Ramal Redwood
|-bgcolor=#ffdddd
|1.99
|
|Interchange; Salida Norte y entrada Sur

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial del Caltrans
 Página oficial del Oregon DOT
 Lista de ciudades servidas por autopistas federales
 Lista de Autopistas por estado en AARoads.com

Carreteras federales de California
Carreteras federales de Oregón
Carreteras federales de Estados Unidos
Carreteras escénicas de California
Carreteras del condado de Del Norte
Condado de Josephine

U.S. Route 199


Richart Báez (født 31. juli 1973) er en tidligere paraguayansk fodboldspiller.

Paraguays fodboldlandshold

|-
|1995||8||1
|-
|1996||5||0
|-
|1997||6||1
|-
|1998||1||0
|-
|1999||1||0
|-
|2000||3||0
|-
|2001||0||0
|-
|2002||2||0
|-
!Total||26||2
|}

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Paraguay
Deltagere ved verdensmesterskabet i fodbold 2002

Richart Báez


Yi Jian Mei também comumente referido por sua letra popular "Xue hua piao piao bei feng xiao xiao"  é uma canção do Mandopop de 1983 do cantor taiwanês Fei Yu-ching, lançada pela primeira vez em seu álbum de 1983 Water of the Yangtze River ()  Uma nova versão foi lançada no álbum Boundless Love de Fei de 2010 ()

Amplamente considerada como a canção característica da carreira musical de Fei, "Yi Jian Mei" é uma canção de amor melancólica que usa flores de ameixa de inverno como uma analogia para o amor duradouro durante as adversidades. É uma canção popular na Grande China desde os anos 1980 e é considerada um clássico atemporal. Foi usada como música tema do drama taiwanês de 1984 One Plum Blossom, produzido pela China Television.

Conjuntura

O álbum Water of the Yangtze River de Fei Yu-ching de 1983 em língua mandarim incluía primeiro a canção, que foi originalmente planejada como tema de uma série dramática de TV taiwanesa intitulada Dreaming Back to the Border Town ()  Mesmo que a série não tenha sido lançada, a música foi adotada como tema do drama de TV taiwanês One Plum Blossom de 1984 e, portanto, foi popularizada entre os taiwaneses.

Em 1988, One Plum Blossom foi ao ar na Televisão Central da China, o que aumentou a popularidade da música e do próprio Fei na China continental ; a música foi reutilizada como tema de New One Plum Blossom (), uma versão chinesa de 2009 da série de TV de 1983, estrelada por Wallace Huo.

Em 2019, o cantor de Taiwan  cantou a música em um show do Festival da Lua organizado pela CCTV. No mesmo ano, Fei, que antes havia anunciado sua aposentadoria formal, fez shows de despedida em vários lugares e cantou a música em seu último show no Taipei Arena em 7 de novembro.

Popularidade na internet

No início de 2020, um clipe de vídeo selfie de um homem com uma cabeça em formato de ovo apresentando a música se tornou viral, levando a ser compartilhado em milhares de memes da internet e vídeos de covers em toda a rede.

O vídeo foi postado originalmente em janeiro de 2020 no aplicativo de compartilhamento de vídeo Kuaishou pelo ator / diretor de Pequim Zhang Aiqin (),  que se filmou cantando o famoso verso um tanto desafinado enquanto caminhava sozinho em um parque coberto por neve pesada. Zhang é conhecido por ter uma cabeça careca e estranhamente em forma de ovo, que lhe valeu o apelido de "Eggman (homem ovo)" ou "Duck Egg". Seu nome de usuário no Kuaishou é "Brother Egg" ()

Em maio, a música alcançou o público internacional e se tornou um meme no aplicativo de compartilhamento de vídeo TikTok. Isso impulsionou a música para os primeiros lugares na parada do Spotify Viral 50 em países como Noruega, Suécia, Finlândia e Nova Zelândia.

A música é comumente referida como "Xue Hua Piao Piao Bei Feng Xiao Xiao", que é a parte da música que ganhou mais destaque. A popularidade do meme da internet fez com que as versões oficiais de "Yi Jian Mei" em serviços de streaming de música como Spotify e YouTube Music mudassem o nome da música para incluir "xue hua piao piao bei feng xiao xiao" após o nome oficial.

Fei Yu-ching, que se aposentou em novembro de 2019, afirmou que está lisonjeado e honrado pela repentina popularidade internacional da música, mas também enfatizou que ele já se aposentou e não retornará ao cenário Mandopop.

Canções em mandarim
Singles de 1983
Canções de 1983

Yi Jian Mei (canção)


es el tercer especial basado en el anime y manga City Hunter de Tsukasa Hojo. Se estrenó en Japón el 23 de abril de 1999. Ha sido licenciado en España por Jonu Media y emitido en Buzz.

Argumento
Un viejo amigo de Ryo, Jack Knife, actual presidente de Megacity Television, tiende una trampa a Ryo. De esta manera, intenta poner a prueba a Ryo para, en caso de que sobreviva, enfrentarse a él.

Para ello, una vieja amiga de ellos, se hace pasar por una presentadora que contrata su servicios como guardaespaldas. Mientras los intentan matar, la cadena televisiva va filmando todo lo sucedido y lo emite por televisión. Gracias a ello, Umibōzu se da cuenta de quien está detrás de todo y ayuda a Ryo.

Tras abandonar Ryo a Kaori, para que esta no pudiera ser herida, ella decide ir a al cadena televisiva para hablar con el presidente. Una vez allí, es tomada como rehén. Cuando Miki se lo cuenta a Ryo, este va directamente en busca de Kaori, pero en el transcurso, Jack puso pistoleros. Tras derrotar a todos, Ryo se enfrenta en un duelo Jack Knife en el plató Z, que contiene una recreación de Shinjuku.

Personajes

Véase también
 City Hunter

Referencias
 Filmaffinity

City Hunter
Películas de 1999
Anime de 1999

City Hunter: La muerte de Ryo Saeba


Conrad Archambault (né à Montréal le  où il est mort le ) était un archiviste québécois. Il a commencé à travailler pour le service des archives de la ville de Montréal en 1914, où il devient archiviste en chef en 1933. La salle de consultation Conrad-Archambault, située dans l'hôtel de ville de Montréal, a été nommée en son honneur. Selon la ville, « [i]l est le principal responsable de la mise sur pied d'un véritable service d'archives à l'échelle de la Ville de Montréal ».

Vie personnelle

Il s'est marié le 6 août 1938 à Georgianna Toupin.

Références

Archiviste québécois
Naissance en décembre 1893
Naissance à Montréal
Décès en septembre 1980
Décès à Montréal
Décès à 86 ans

Conrad Archambault


La saison 2021-2022 du Championnat du Luxembourg féminin de football est la trente-sixième saison du championnat. Le Racing FC Union Luxembourg, tenant du titre, remet sa couronne en jeu.

Participants

Compétition
Le championnat se dispute en une poule unique dans laquelle chaque équipe affronte toutes les autres à domicile et à l'extérieur. Le vainqueur se qualifie pour le  de qualifications de la Ligue des champions. Les équipes classées ,  et  sont reléguées en deuxième division tandis que l'équipe classée  dispute un barrage de promotion/relégation face au  de Ligue 2.

Classement

Notes et références

Liens externes

 Site Internet de la fédération

Luxembourg F1
2021-2022
Sport au Luxembourg en 2021
Sport au Luxembourg en 2022

Championnat du Luxembourg féminin de football 2021-2022


An Vandopsis gigantea in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer. An Vandopsis gigantea in nahilalakip ha genus nga Vandopsis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Vandopsis

Vandopsis gigantea


Carter Bays (12 de agosto de 1975) es un guionista de televisión estadounidense. Junto con Craig Thomas, es conocido por ser el creador, escritor, y productor ejecutivo de la comedia de situación de la CBS How I Met Your Mother. Tiene 70 episodios de la serie a su haber entre 2005 y 2009, y ha sido nominado en seis oportunidades a los Emmy Awards. La dupla también es miembro de una banda llamada The Solids, en la que Bays toca la guitarra y es el vocalista del grupo, que ha creado las canciones de cabecera para Oliver Beene y How I Met Your Mother.

Antes de la creación de How I Met Your Mother, Bays y Thomas escribieron para varias series de televisión, incluyendo Oliver Beene y Quintuplets. También escribieron la segunda parte del episodio "Stan of Arabia" de American Dad!.

Bays se graduó de la Universidad Wesleyana, y de la secundaria Shaker Heights.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Guionistas de televisión de Estados Unidos
Productores de televisión de Estados Unidos
How I Met Your Mother
Alumnado de la Universidad Wesleyana
Personas de Ohio

Carter Bays


Dörnick Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Plön iline bağlı belediye. 4,3 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 31 Aralık 2015 itibarıyla yaklaşık 262 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kilometrekare başına yaklaşık 61 kişilik bir nüfus yoğunluğuna sahiptir. Belediye Başkanlığı Dieter Wittke tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 http://www.doernick.de

Kaynakça

Plön iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Dörnick


was a town located in Yamagata District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 2,838 and a density of 11.19 persons per km2. The total area was 253.63 km2.

On February 1, 2005, Geihoku, along with the towns of Chiyoda, Ōasa and Toyohira (all from Yamagata District), was merged to create the town of Kitahiroshima.

The town of Geihoku revolves around its location on Route 191 which links southern Hiroshima prefecture to the Japan Sea coast at Masuda in Shimane prefecture. It's a popular road for driving with various spots to visit, such as Lake Hijiriko and the Sandankyo Gorge and is the access to a majority of the ski resorts in the region.

External links
 Official website of Kitahiroshima

Dissolved municipalities of Hiroshima Prefecture
Kitahiroshima, Hiroshima

Geihoku, Hiroshima


was an airline with its headquarters on the grounds of Fukuoka Airport in Hakata-ku, Fukuoka, Japan. It was owned by Japan Air System (later Japan Airlines Domestic in 2004), operating domestic passenger services.

Scheduled flights were wholly sold by Japan Airlines, therefore no ticket carried JH. Essentially, Japan Airlines wet leased them.

History

The airline was established on 20 January 1997 and started operations on 19 December of that same year as an affiliate of Japan Air System.

In November 2001, JAS was absorbed by Japan Airlines. On April 30, 2005, Harlequin Air was integrated into Japan Airlines Domestic.

Destinations

Fleet
During its eight-year existence, Harlequin Air operated only two aircraft (both leased from its parent Japan Air System):

See also
List of defunct airlines of Japan

References

External links

Japanese language site with photos of Harlequin livery

Defunct airlines of Japan
Airlines established in 1997
Airlines disestablished in 2005
Japan Airlines
Fukuoka

Harlequin Air


Noah Meier (né le  à Zurich en Suisse) est un joueur suisse de hockey sur glace. Il évolue à la position de défenseur.

Biographie

En club
Meier commence sa carrière junior avec le club de Urdorf en 2014-2015 avec l'effectif des moins de 15 ans, puis intègre le système de formation des ZSC Lions dès la saison suivante.

Lors de la saison 2017-2018, il est intégré au club ferme des ZSC, les GCK Lions, dans leur contingent moins de 17 ans.

Il dispute sa première saison professionnelle en 2019-2020 avec les GCK Lions dans la Swiss League. Cette même saison, il dispute trois rencontres de National League avec les ZSC Lions.

Le , il signe un contrat professionnel avec le ZSC, pour une durée de trois ans.

Lors de la saison 2020-2021, il prend part à 35 rencontres de SL avec le GCK, à la Coupe de Suisse avec le GCK et il dispute 18 matchs de NL ainsi que les séries éliminatoires avec le ZSC.

La saison suivante, bien qu'il soit aligné pour trois rencontres en Ligue des champions avec le ZSC, il passe la majeure partie de la saison en SL avec le GCK.

Au niveau international
Meier représente la Suisse sur la scène internationale, à partir de la saison 2017-2018, dans le contingent des moins de 16 ans.

Il prend part avec les moins de 17 ans au Festival olympique d'hiver de la jeunesse européenne 2019, la Suisse se classant à la  place.

La saison suivante, avec la formation des moins de 18 ans, il représente la Suisse lors du tournoi Coupe Hlinka-Gretzky, se classant à la huitième et dernière place.

En 2021, il prend part au Championnat du monde junior avec la formation des moins de 20 ans. Perdant les quatre rencontres durant la phase de groupe, la Suisse est logiquement éliminée et termine à la  place, seule l'Autriche avec une moins bonne différence de buts est classée derrière eux.

Il est à nouveau sélectionné pour le Championnat du monde junior en 2022, avant que le tournoi ne soit annulé à cause de la pandémie de Covid-19, plusieurs équipes ayant de nombreux joueurs déclaré positifs.

Statistiques

En club
Pour les significations des abréviations, voir statistiques du hockey sur glace.

| align=left|2014-2015 || align=left|Urdorf U15 || align=left| || 3 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 2 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2014-2015 || align=left|ZSC Lions || align=left|Tournoi pee-wee de Québec || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2015-2016 || align=left|Urdorf U15 || align=left|Mini A || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2015-2016 || align=left|ZSC Lions U15 || align=left| || 30 || 1 || 10 || 11 || 12 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2016-2017 || align=left|ZSC Lions U15 || align=left|Top Mini || 30 || 20 || 12 || 32 || 30 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2016-2017 || align=left|ZSC Lions U17 || align=left| || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2017-2018 || align=left|ZSC Lions U17 || align=left|Elite Novizen || 31 || 2 || 1 || 3 || 6 || 6 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0
|-
| align=left|2017-2018 || align=left|GCK Lions U17 || align=left| || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2017-2018 || align=left|GCK Lions U20 || align=left| || 3 || 3 || 0 || 3 || 2 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2018-2019 || align=left|ZSC Lions U17 || align=left|Elite Novizen || 14 || 6 || 3 || 9 || 35 || 5 || 1 || 7 || 8 || 10
|-
| align=left|2018-2019 || align=left|ZSC Lions U20 || align=left| || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2018-2019 || align=left|GCK Lions U20 || align=left| || 22 || 1 || 6 || 7 || 6 || 6 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 0
|-
| align=left|2019-2020 || align=left|GCK Lions U20 || align=left| || 13 || 1 || 7 || 8 || 10 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 12
|-
| align=left|2019-2020 || align=left|GCK Lions || align=left|SL || 31 || 3 || 9 || 12 || 6 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| align=left|2019-2020 || align=left|ZSC Lions || align=left|NL || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left|GCK Lions U20 || align=left|U20-Elit || 5 || 1 || 7 || 8 || 4 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left|GCK Lions || align=left|SL || 35 || 1 || 19 || 20 || 18 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left|ZSC Lions || align=left|NL || 18 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 6 || 9 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left|GCK Lions || align=left|Coupe de Suisse || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2021-2022 || align=left|GCK Lions U20 || align=left| || - || - || - || - || - || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0
|-
| align=left|2021-2022 || align=left|GCK Lions || align=left|SL || 44 || 4 || 26 || 30 || 14 || 6 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 0
|-
| align=left|2021-2022 || align=left|ZSC Lions || align=left|NL || 10 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2021-2022 || align=left|ZSC Lions || align=left|Ligue des champions || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -

Au niveau international

|-
| align=left|2017-2018 || align=left| U16 || align=left|International || 6 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||
|-
| align=left|2018-2019 || align=left| Suisse U17 || align=left|International || 19 || 1 || 4 || 5 || 6 ||
|-
| align=left|2019-2020 || align=left| Suisse U18 || align=left|International || 18 || 2 || 6 || 8 || 6 ||
|-
| align=left|2019 || align=left| Suisse U17 || align=left|Festival olympique de la jeunesse européenne  || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||  align="left"| place
|-
| align=left|2019 || align=left| Suisse U18 || align=left|Coupe Hlinka-Gretzky || 4 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2 ||  align="left"| place
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left| Suisse U20 || align=left|International || 8 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 ||
|-
| align=left|2021 || align=left| Suisse U20 || align="left"|Championnat du monde junior || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 0 || align="left"| place
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left| Suisse U20 ||  align="left"|International || 6 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 2 ||
|-
| align=left|2022 || align=left| Suisse U20 || align="left"|Championnat du monde junior || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || align="left"|Compétition annulée

Références

Naissance en septembre 2002
Naissance à Zurich
Joueur suisse de hockey sur glace
Attaquant de hockey sur glace
Joueur du GCK Lions
Joueur du ZSC Lions

Noah Meier


Clemente Lococo fue un empresario cinematográfico y teatral que nació en Catanzaro, Calabria, Italia en 1893 y falleció en 1980 en Buenos Aires, Argentina, donde había residido la mayor parte de su vida. Uno de sus emprendimientos fue el Teatro Ópera, que mandó construir e inauguró en 1936.

Actividad empresaria
Junto con un hermano viajó a América y, finalmente, conoció Argentina poco antes de que terminara el  y fijó allí su residencia definitiva, casándose al poco tiempo con una valenciana.

Vivía en el barrio de Flores y su primer trabajo en Buenos Aires fue encuadernar libros en una imprenta por un muy modesto salario.
Muy jovencito había comprado una cámara filmadora y proyectora de mano con la que se entretenía y divertía a sus hijos. A los 23 años –cuando ya tenía 4 hijos: Francisco, Clemente, José y Magdalena- tuvo la oportunidad de explotar comercialmente un pequeño cine poco acreditado -el Buckingham I, de solo 400 butacas, ya desaparecido- ubicado en la calle Corrientes entre Callao y Rodríguez Peña y lo convirtió en cine para familias.
Luego tomó otra sala desprestigiada, en Tucumán casi Suipacha, a la que puso el nombre de Buckingham II, que posteriormente entregó como parte de la adquisición de un cine tradicional: el Suipacha, sobre la calle de ese nombre, entre Corrientes y Lavalle, que se hallaba al lado del muy elegante cine Princesa, perteneciente a la familia Cordero, que años después construiría el Gran Rex. Más adelante incorporó el Cataluña (luego Cosmos 70, en Corrientes al 2000), que con 2.000 butacas era la sala de mayor capacidad de ese momento y, más tarde, el cine teatro Astral. En este último actuó Josephine Baker, por entonces de 22 años.

El topless que hacía Baker en su presentación originó que un grupo de jóvenes católicos tiraran bombitas de mal olor, y eso atrajo más público a la sala. Como la artista solo sabía bailar un poquito, Clemente Lococo le sugirió cantar un tango para mejorar la actuación y fue así que aprendió a entonar "Haragán" en un decir afrancesado.

Los Lococo contaban con importantes salas de barrio: el Roca, el Pueyrredón, el San Martín y el Fénix de Flores, el Argos, el Regio y, en Mar del Plata, el Pueyrredón, que hasta que otro empresario, don Augusto Álvarez, inauguró el Broadway, era la sala de más capacidad de esa ciudad. La arquitectura de ese cine, de 1932,pertenecía al arquitecto belga Alberto Bourdón, que tenía su estudio en los altos de la Bolsa de Comercio, y que en 1936 diseñaría el Teatro Ópera.

Como faltaban películas para los barrios, Lococo volvió a tomar el cine Suipacha –que estaba en el centro- para estrenar y fue entonces cuando le ofrecieron el terreno de Corrientes 860 donde funcionaba el antiguo teatro Ópera, que iba a ser demolido por el ensanche de la calle. El escribano Oscar Carbone, amigo de Clemente, puso el 25 por ciento del costo de la vieja sala, Bardem, de la firma Franco Inglesa, otro tanto y Lococo la mitad restante.
La fachada del nuevo teatro de 2.500 localidades, era estilo art déco sobria y característica (inspirada en el Cine Le Gran Rex de París), el escenario era apto para diversos espectáculos y la pantalla de cine tenía grandes dimensiones.

Clemente Lococo falleció en 1980 en Buenos Aires.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Información sobre Clemente Lococo en el sitio del cine nacional

Empresarios de cine de Argentina
Empresarios del espectáculo de Argentina
Empresarios de teatro
Nacidos en Catanzaro
Fallecidos en Buenos Aires

Clemente Lococo


Ibne Marzuque (-, nascido Xameçadim Abu Abedalá Maomé ibne Amade ibne Maomé ibne Maomé ibne Abacar Alajici Atilinsani (Shams al-Din Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr al-ʿAjisi al-Tilimsani) e também chamado Alcatibe (o Pregador), Aljade (o Avô) e Arrais (o Líder)), foi um proeminente estudioso do  de Tremecém.

Vida

Ibne Marzuque nasceu por volta de 1310 em Tremecém e viajou no final da adolescência para o Oriente, onde estudou com um grupo de cerca de 250 acadêmicos por quinze anos. Voltou ao Magrebe como alfaqui, ou especialista em lei islâmica. O sultão merínida Alboácem Ali ibne Otomão nomeou-o à posição de pregador na Mesquita Alubade em sua terra natal. Posteriormente tornou-se conselheiro, professor e secretário do sultão e recebeu um importante papel diplomático, negociando com governantes nas atuais Argélia e Espanha, onde concluiu um tratado de paz com o rei de Castela, . Com a morte de Alboácem, retornou a Tremecém, onde se envolveu em intrigas contra o novo sultão merínida Abu Inane Faris, antes de fugir à Espanha, onde foi oferecido o cargo de cátibe (pregador) na grande mesquita Alhanra em Granada. Foi chamado de volta a Fez, onde ocupou um alto cargo até que o desastroso fracasso de uma missão diplomática na Espanha o levou a ser preso por seis anos. Logo após sua libertação em 1358, se mudou para Túnis, onde Abu Salim Ibraim lhe ofereceu um alto cargo. Permaneceu lá até 1372, quando se aposentou para o Cairo durante os últimos sete anos de sua vida para servir como grão-cádi.

Obras

Ibne Marzuque é conhecido por suas obras de estudos jurídicos, religiosos e históricos. Entre as suas mais notáveis está a história hagiográfica de 1371 do sultão Alboácem. O livro enfatiza o próprio papel de ibne Marzuque no reinado de Alboácem; procurou polir suas próprias realizações para seu autoengrandecimento. Intitulado As tradições corretas e finas sobre os atos gloriosos de nosso Mestre Alboácem (Musnad as-sahid al-hasan fi maʿathir mawlana Abi' l Hasan), o livro discute as qualidades do sultão, sua corte e as obras empreendido durante seu reinado. Ele também escreveu um kitâb al-imâma, uma definição do califado islâmico e discussão de princípios políticos e governamentais, bem como uma fahrasa (lista de professoras) extremamente volumosa que, excepcionalmente, inclui algumas mulheres eruditas.

Bibliografia

Naturais de Tremecém
Pessoas do Império Merínida

Ibne Marzuque


نيموديبين (يسوق من قبل شركة باير تحت الاسم التجاري نيموتوب Nimotop) هو دواء من أدوية محصرات قنوات الكالسيوم من نمط ثنائي هيدرو البيريدين. كان يستعمل في الماضي لمعالجة فرط ضغط الدم. ولكنه حاليا يستخدم لحالات النزف تحت العنكبوتية، والعنكبوتية هي طبقة من طبقات السحايا التي تغطي المخ

كيمياء فراغية
نيموديبين يحتوي على مركز ضوئي ويتكون من متصاوغين ضوئيين اثنين، وهو مزيج راسيمي، أي خليط 1: 1 من شكلي ( R ) و ( S ) - :

مراجع

إسترات كربوكسيلية
إيثرات
ثنائي هيدرو بيريدينات
حاصرات قنوات الكالسيوم
مناهضات الألدوستيرون
نتروبنزينات

نيموديبين


New Ashford est une ville du Comté de Berkshire dans l'État du Massachusetts.

Elle a été incorporée en 1835.

Sa population était de  en 2020.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Comté de Berkshire
Town au Massachusetts

New Ashford


was a district located in Hyōgo Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2008, the district had an estimated population of 40,334 and a density of 257.03 persons per km2. The total area was 157.49 km2.

Former towns and villages
 Takino
 Tōjō
 Yashiro

Merger
 On March 20, 2006 - the towns of Takino, Tōjō and Yashiro were merged to create the city of Katō. Katō District was dissolved as a result of this merger.

Former districts of Hyōgo Prefecture

Katō District, Hyōgo


الكنافة أو القطايف (في الجزائر وتونس) هي حلوى تتكون من خيوط عجين، يضاف إليها السمن والسكر والمكسرات. والكنافة تعدّ إحدى أشهر الحلويات في بلاد الشام، ومصر، خاصة في فلسطين، حيث تشتهر الكنافة النابلسية، فهي من الحَلَوِيَّات الدارجة في جميع الفصول والمواسم، ويكثر تحضيرها على وجه الخصوص في شهر رمضان؛ فهي تُنَشِّط الصائم بعد الإفطار، وَتَمُدُّه بالطاقة والسعرات الحراريّة اللازمة له؛ فهي غَنِيَّة بكميات كبيرة من السكر والفيتامينات وتحتوي على كميّات كبيرة من البروتينات واليود والحديد والفسفور. كما تُقَدَّم الكنافة في جميع الحفلات والمناسبات، كالأعراس والولائم ومناسبات النجاح والاجتماعات العائلية؛ يجب الاعتدال في تناولها حتى لا تُسَبِّب الضرر والسمنة. وبالإضافة لاشتهارها في معظم البلدان العربية، تشتهر الكنافة أيضاً في تركيا والقوقاز واليونان. ويتم تقديمها أحياناً مع الشاي أو القهوة.

في كثير من الروايات يشار إلى أن الكنافة عرفت في عصر الدولة الأموية، وقد صنعت خصيصاً للخليفة الأموي الأول معاوية بن أبي سفيان، حيث قدمت له طعاماً في السحور أثناء ولايته في دمشق.

وهذا يعني أن أول ظهور للكنافة كان في بلدان الشام، ولكن من الصعب تأكيد قصة معاوية، برغم أن اسم الكنافة صار مرتبطاً به، حيث أصبحت تعرف بـ «كنافة معاوية».

وتقول الدكتورة الشيماء الصعيدي، الباحثة بمركز أطلس المأثورات الشعبية بمصر، إن صانعي الحلوى في الشام هم من اخترعوا وابتكروا الكنافة بجانب القطائف، وقدموهما خصيصًا إلى معاوية بن أبي سفيان، حينما كان واليًا على الشام، حيث يُقال إن معاوية كان أول من صنع الكنافة من العرب حتى إن اسمها ارتبط به فقالوا «كنافة معاوية».

وحسب الصعيدي، كان معاوية يحب الأكل، فشكا إلى طبيبه ما يلقاه من جوع في الصيام، فوصف له الطبيب الكنافة التي كان يتناولها في فترة السحور حتى تمنع عنه الجوع في نهار رمضان.

ووفق الصعيدي، قيل إن الكنافة صُنعت خصيصًا لسليمان بن عبد الملك الأموي لهذا فإن أهل الشام يُعدُّون من أبرع المختصين بصنع الكُنافة.

التسمية
كلمة كنافة مُشتقة من الكلمة العربية كَنَف وتعني الإحاطة.

الأنواع
للكنافة أنواع عديدة منها:
 الكنافة الناعمة: تكون عجينتها ناعمة جداً.
 الكنافة الخشنة: تكون الشَّعِيِرِيَّة المستخدمة في تحضيرها طويلة.
 الكنافة المحيّرة: تُحَضَّر من الناعمة والخشنة معاً.
 الكنافة المبرومة: تكون الشَّعِيِرِيَّة المستعملة في تحضيرها أيضاً طويلة وهي مبرومة الشكل.

أشكالها

كنافة نابلسية

وقد نشأت في مدينة نابلس في فلسطين، وهي لا زالت إلى الآن مشهورة في تلك المدينة. وتتكون الكنافة النابلسية من الجبن الأبيض، وسطح من القمح المهشوم، مُغطى بشراب السكر. وتعد الكنافة النابسلية من أشهر الأنواع في الشام. وقد تم تحضير أكبر صحن كنافة بأطوال 75×2 متر، ووزن 1,350 كيلوجرام في مدينة نابلس في 2009م كمحاولة لتسجيلها كأكبر كنافة في موسوعة غينيس للأرقام القياسية، وبذلك دخلت الكنافة النابلسية موسوعة غينيس للأرقام القياسية بتاريخ 18\7\2009.
 كنافة بالقشطة.
 كنافة بالجبن.

المعلومات الغذائية عن الكنافة بالجبن

تحضر الكنافة بالجبن باستخدام المفروكة أو عجينة الكنافة الجاهزة، الزبدة، جبن العكاوي والطحين. أما القطر فَيُحَضَّر باستخدام السكر، ماء الورد، ماء الزهر وعصير الليمون الحامض. تحتوي قطعة الكنافة (250غ تقريباً) بحسب موقع شهية، على المعلومات الغذائية التالية:
 السعرات الحرارية: 961
 الدهون: 47
 الدهون المشبعة: 27
 الكوليسترول: 114
 الكاربوهيدرات: 120
 البروتينات: 18

معرض صور

المراجع

وصلات خارجية
 تحضير الكنافة
 وصفة الكنافة بالجبن مع معلوماتها الغذائية

أطباق الجبن
تركيا
حلويات
حلويات إسرائيلية
حلويات تركية
حلويات عربية
حلويات لبنانية
حلويات مصرية
حلويات يونانية
مصطلحات عربية
مطبخ آشوري/سرياني/كلداني
مطبخ الشرق الأوسط
مطبخ أذربيجاني
مطبخ أردني
مطبخ ألباني
مطبخ إسرائيلي
مطبخ إيراني
مطبخ رمضان
مطبخ سوري
مطبخ شامي
مطبخ عثماني
مطبخ فلسطيني
مطبخ لبناني
مطبخ مصري
مطبخ يوناني
معجنات عربية

كنافة


Oskar von Ehrenthal (Borna, 15. kolovoza 1854. – Schloss Schönbach, 9. studenog 1921.) je bio njemački general i vojni zapovjednik. Tijekom Prvog svjetskog rata zapovijedao je 24. pričuvnom divizijom i XXVII. pričuvnim korpusom na Zapadnom i Istočnom bojištu.

Vojna karijera
Oskar von Ehrenthal je rođen 15. kolovoza 1854. u Borni. U sasku vojsku stupio je u listopadu 1872. služeći u 2. kraljevskoj saskoj lovačkoj bojnoj. Od listopada 1873. pohađa Vojnu školu u Erfurtu, dok je u travnju 1881. unaprijeđen u čin poručnika. U travnju 1887. imenovan je zapovjednikom satnije u 3. kraljevskoj saskoj lovačkoj bojnoj u Chemnitzu. Istodobno s tim imenovanjem promaknut je u čin satnika. U travnju 1896. unaprijeđen je u čin bojnika, te imenovan pobočnikom saskog kralja Alberta. U ožujku 1899. postaje zapovjednikom bojne u 1. kraljevskoj saskoj grenadirskoj pukovniji, da bi dvije godine poslije, u ožujku 1901., dostigao čin potpukovnika. Istodobno je imenovan i zapovjednikom 1. kraljevske saske lovačke bojne.

U ožujku 1903. postaje zapovjednikom 1. kraljevske saske grenadirske pukovnije, da bi dva mjeseca poslije, u svibnju 1908., bio promaknut u čin pukovnika. Navedenom pukovnijom zapovijeda iduće tri godine, do srpnja 1906., kada je imenovan najprije privremenim, a u svibnju 1907., i trajnim zapovjednikom 3. kraljevske saske pješačke brigade. U prosincu te iste godine unaprijeđen je u čin general bojnika, dok je u siječnju 1911. promaknut u čin general poručnika. Dva mjeseca nakon tog promaknuća, u ožujku, preuzima zapovjedništvo nad 1. kraljevskom pješačkom divizijom sa sjedištem stožera u Dresdenu. Navedenom divizijom zapovijeda do rujna 1912. kada je premješten u pričuvu.

Prvi svjetski rat
Na početku Prvog svjetskog rata Ehrenthal je reaktiviran, te je imenovan zapovjednikom 24. pričuvne divizije koja se nalazila u sastavu 3. armije kojom je na Zapadnom bojištu zapovijedao Max von Hausen. Zapovijedajući navedenom divizijom sudjeluje u Bitci kod Dinanta i opsadi Namura. Nakon toga divizija je premještena u Champagnu gdje sudjeluje u Prvoj bitci u Champagni. U ožujku 1915. Ehrenthal dobiva počasni čin generala pješaštva, nakon čega je u ožujku 1916. zbog bolesti premješten u pričuvu.

Nakon što se oporavio, u kolovozu 1916. je imenovan zapovjednikom XXVII. pričuvnog korpusa zamijenivši tijekom Bitke na Sommi na tom mjestu Richarda von Schuberta. Istodobno s tim imenovanjem promaknut je u čin generala pješaštva. Nakon završetka Bitke na Sommi u studenom 1916. je sa XXVII. pričuvnim korpusom premješten na Istočno bojište gdje je držao liniju bojišta na rijeci Narajiwka. U ljeto 1917. kada su na tom dijelu bojišta izbile intenzivnije borbe, Ehrenthal je ranjen šrapnelom zbog čega je izgubio oko. Odlikovan je 15. lipnja 1917. ordenom Pour le Mérite, te umirovljen.

Poslije rata
Nakon umirovljenja Ehrenthal se vratio u Schloss Schönbach gdje je i preminuo 9. studenog 1921. godine u 68. godini života.

Vanjske poveznice
     Oskar von Ehrenthal na stranici Prussianmachine.com
     Oskar von Ehrenthal na stranici Deutsche-kriegsgeschichte.de

Njemački vojni zapovjednici u Prvom svjetskom ratu

Oskar von Ehrenthal


Ernesto Jaen nació en Antón el 27 de noviembre de 1895. Estudió ingeniería civil en los Estados Unidos. Trabajó en diferentes cargos. Fue ingeniero jefe de Obras Públicas, profesor de matemáticas, director de la Escuela de Artes y Oficios, Secretario de Higiene, Beneficencia y Fomento, Embajador en Méjico y en los Estados Unidos.

Arnulfo Arias fue depuesto el 9 de octubre de 1941 por un golpe de estado. El ministro de Gobierno y Justicia, Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia, autor del golpe, lo justificó porque el presidente Arias había salido del país sin permiso de la Asamblea Nacional.

Al ser derrocado Arnulfo Arias, le correspondía asumir la Presidencia a José Pezet, primer designado (vicepresidente), pero fue detenido y llevado a la Cárcel Modelo y en su calidad de segundo designado, Ernesto Jaén Guardia ocupó la presidencia durante algunas horas. Aceptó el cargo como un formulismo legal y seguidamente renunció para dar paso a que Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia asumiera el mando.

El tercer designado, Aníbal Ríos Delgado, nunca reclamó el cargo pues permaneció en Lima, Perú, por temor a ser detenido como otros seguidores de Arias Madrid. Apenas se consumó el golpe, fue sacado de la comandancia de la guardia Manuel Pino, y en su lugar se nombró a Rogelio Fábrega, quien había estudiado en la Escuela de Carabineros de Chile. Era el segundo panameño graduado de milicia.

Mientras transcurrieron las horas se nombró un nuevo gabinete en el que figuraba Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia como ministro de Gobierno y Justicia, entonces los integrantes del Consejo de Gabinete se enfrascaron en un prolongado debate, que terminó con la determinación de hacer renunciar a Ernesto Jaén Guardia de la presidencia ante los miembros de la Corte Suprema de Justicia que le habían dado posesión unas horas antes.

Después de presentar su renuncia, la primera magistratura recayó en el ministro de Gobierno y Justicia, Ricardo Adolfo de la Guardia.

De inmediato a Ernesto Jaén Guardia se le nombró embajador de Panamá en Washington.

Falleció en la Ciudad de Panamá, el 18 de abril de 1961 a los 65 años de edad.

Presidentes de Panamá
Fallecidos en Ciudad de Panamá

Ernesto Jaén Guardia


Carling Kathrin Bassett-Seguso (Toronto, Canadá, 9 de octubre de 1967), es una extenista canadiense, considerada una de las mejores tenistas canadienses de la historia. De ella destaca su corta carrera como tenista, solo 5 años de trayectoria.

Enlaces externos

Tenistas femeninas de Canadá
Tenistas en los Juegos Olímpicos de Seúl 1988
Nacidos en Toronto

Carling Bassett-Seguso


Tomislav Erceg (født 22. oktober 1971) er en tidligere kroatisk fodboldspiller.

Kroatiens fodboldlandshold

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Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Kroatien

Tomislav Erceg


Ixtacamaxtitlán es un municipio mexicano ubicado en el norte del estado de Puebla, dentro de la sierra norte de Puebla. La mayor parte del municipio limita con el estado de Tlaxcala.

Toponimia
Existen dos interpretaciones para el significado del nombre del municipio, ambos derivados del náhuatl. La primera acepción es que proviene de las voces ixtla, blanco; maxtli, cinturón; y tlan, cerca, siendo su significado Cerca de la faja blanca. La segunda interpretación es que lo componen las voces ixtla, diminutivo de Ixtlahuatl, que refiere a una tierra llana y baja; camachtli, mandíbula; y titlán, entre, por lo que significa Tierra llana y fértil en medio de las mandíbulas, siendo las mandíbulas una alusión a los cerros que rodean al lugar.

Geografía
El municipio se encuentra dentro de la sierra madre oriental y posee una extensa región montañosa, gran parte de sus fronteras son colindantes con el estado de Tlaxcala. También abarca un área de 580.88 kilómetros cuadrados, lo cual lo ubica como el quinto municipio más extenso en el estado de Puebla.

Fisiografía
El municipio se encuentra dentro de la subprovincia de los lagos y volcanes de Anáhuac, parte de la provincia del Eje Neovolcánico. El 92% de su territorio lo abarca el sistema de topoformas de la sierra volcánica de laderas escarpadas, 7% correspondiente al cañón típico y el 1% restante lo abarca la meseta basáltica escalonada con lomerío. El tipo de relieve que predomina en la demarcación es la montaña.

Hidrografía
El 90% de Ixtacamaxtitlán lo abarca la subcuenca del río Apulco y 1% por parte de la subcuenca del Río Tecuantepec, ambos integran la parte de la demarcación cubierta por la cuenca del río Tecolutla, que es parte de la región hidrológica de Tuxpan-Nautla. El 9% restante del municipio se encuentra en la subcuenca del lago Totolzingo, dentro de la cuenca del río Atoyac, parte de la región hidrológica del Balsas.

Clima
El clima de Ixtacamaxtitlán es templado subhúmedo con lluvias en verano en el 90% de su territorio y semifrío subhúmedo con lluvias en verano en el 10% restante. El rango de temperatura media anual es de 16 a 18 grados celcius, siendo la mínima de 2 a 4 grados y el máximo promedio de 26 a 28 grados. El rango de precipitación media anual es de 500 a 600 mm y los meses de lluvias son de mayo a septiembre.

Demografía
El municipio cuenta con una población de 25 326 habitantes según el censo realizado en 2010, del total de población, el 49.45% (12 524) son hombres, y el 50.65% (12 802) son mujeres. El 25% de la población de Ixtacamaxtitlán vive en condiciones de pobreza extrema, el grado de marginación es calificado como Alto.

Política
El H. Ayuntamiento de Ixtacamaxtitlán está compuesto por un presidente municipal, un síndico, seis regidores de mayoría relativa y dos regidores de representación proporcional.

Cronología de presidentes municipales

Localidades

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Municipios del estado de Puebla
Región Sierra Norte

Municipio de Ixtacamaxtitlán


Mustafa Örsan Öymen (1 Mayıs 1938, Ankara - 22 Temmuz 1987, Bodrum), Türk gazeteci, televizyoncu.

1 Mayıs 1938'de Ankara'da doğan Öymen, 1950 ve 1960'lı yıllarda Tercüman, Dünya, Ulus, Öncü gazetelerinde çalıştı. Uzun yıllar Alman Radyo Televizyonu'nda (WDR) radyo programcılığı, muhabirlik ve yorumculuk yaptı. Gisela Öymen'le evlendi. Türkiye'ye 1969'da dönen Öymen, TRT'nin yapılanmasında önemli rol oynadı, Söz Meclisten Dışarı programını yaptı. Günaydın gazetesinde "06 Ankara" adlı köşesinde yazan Örsan Öymen, ağabeyi Altan Öymen ile Anka Haber Ajansı'na da destek verdi. 1973'te Milliyet'te özgün politik taşlamalarını "Politika Kazanı" başlığıyla yazmaya başladı. Burada çalıştığı süreçte Uğur Mumcu ile beraber ortak araştırmalar yaptı. Öymen, 22 Temmuz 1987'de Bodrum'da geçirdiği kalp krizi sonucu 49 yaşında öldü. Hikmet Bila, Örsan Öymen ve Politika Kazanı (1999) adlı kitabında Öymen'i ve yazılarını anlatmaktadır.

Hıfzırrahman Raşit Öymen'in oğlu, gazeteci ve CHP Eski Genel Başkanı Altan Öymen'in kardeşi, diplomat Onur Öymen'in amcasının oğludur.

Eserleri
 Öymen, Örsan (1978). Politika Kazanı. İstanbul: Milliyet.

Kaynakça

1938 doğumlular
1987 yılında ölenler
Türk gazeteciler
Türk televizyoncular
Zincirlikuyu Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
Öymen ailesi

Mustafa Örsan Öymen


ليونيد ينجباروف  هو مهرج وممثل أرميني سوفيتي من مواليد 15 مارس سنة 1935.
التحق في سنة 1955 بمدرسة فن السيرك قسم التهريج. وبعد تخرجه عمل بالسيرك الأرميني.
كان من أول المهرجين السوفيت الذين يبتكرون عروضًا، تدفع المشاهدين إلى التفكير مع الضحك. واعتبر في نهاية الستينات أحد أفضل المهرجين في بلاد الكتلة الشرقية. مثل في عدة أفلام منها «ظلال الأسلاف المنسيين».

روابط خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص من موسكو
روس من أصل أرمني
مدفونون بمقبرة فاغانكوفو
ممثلون روس
ممثلون سوفيت
ممثلون صامتون روس
ممثلون من موسكو
مهرجون روس
مهرجون سوفيت
مواليد 1935
مواليد في موسكو
وفيات 1972
وفيات في موسكو

ليونيد ينجباروف


Liptovský Trnovec este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Liptovský Mikuláš din regiunea Žilina. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 553 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Liptovský Mikuláš.

Istoric
Localitatea Liptovský Trnovec este atestată documentar din 1283.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Liptovský Trnovec


La tombe de Lyson et Calliclès (en ) est un tombeau macédonien de la période hellénistique situé à Lefkádia (ancienne Miéza), près de Náoussa, en Grèce. Réputé pour la qualité de sa décoration peinte, le monument est daté entre la fin du  et la première moitié du . Il est distant de la tombe du jugement et de la tombe des palmettes de moins d'un kilomètre.

Description
La tombe de Lyson et Calliclès est composée d'une façade ornée de rosettes et couronnée d'un fronton coiffé d'acrotères, dans le prolongement de laquelle se situent deux chambres orientées nord-sud (une antichambre et une chambre funéraire), recouvertes d'un tumulus de terre. La maçonnerie est constituée de pierres calcaires locales.

Antichambre
L'antichambre au toit plat, de proportion anormalement réduite par rapport à la chambre funéraire, mesure  de large et  de long. Le mur latéral gauche est couvert d'une représentation d'un perirrhanterion, un bassin sur pied destiné à l'ablution, tandis que le mur latéral gauche est orné d'une fresque représentant un autel, surmonté d'une cimaise ionique, autour duquel s'enroule un serpent noir. Le linteau de la porte en marbre séparant l'antichambre de la chambre funéraire affiche une inscription mentionnant les noms des premiers occupants de la tombe : Lyson et Calliclès, fils d'Aristophane.

Chambre funéraire

La chambre funéraire, au toit voûté, mesure  de large,  de long et  de haut. Elle présente un ensemble de trompe-l'œil formant des pilastres ioniques surmontés d'une architrave dorique à mutules et gouttes, au-dessous de laquelle court une guirlande de myrte en feston entrecoupée de bandelettes et de grenades. Le style architectural des peintures murales, utilisant des principes de la perspective, présente d'importantes similitudes avec le deuxième style pompéien, observable notamment dans les .

Les peintures les plus remarquables de la tombe constituent des représentations d'armes et d'armures macédoniennes dans les zones semi-circulaires sommitales de la chambre funéraire. Un bouclier, orné d'un soleil de Vergina sur fond bleu et entouré d'une couronne blanche sur fond rouge, occupe le centre de la partie haute du mur septentrional. Sous le bouclier sont figurés deux cnémides, un casque phrygien à gauche et un casque attique à droite. L'ensemble est flanqué de deux épées représentées comme suspendues à des clous dans le toit. Sur le mur d'en face, au-dessus de la porte donnant sur l'antichambre, figure un bouclier de conception différente. En effet, l'armure présente quatre cercles centraux entourés d'un anneau de points et de huit cercles plus petits à trois bandes, chacun contenant trois points. Cette représentation de bouclier est courante sur la monnaie des rois antigonides de Macédoine. Le bouclier est flanqué de deux cuirasses surmontées d'un casque et de deux épées suspendues à des clous. Le plafond de couleur rouge et jaune est vraisemblablement la représentation d'une étoffe tissée. La décoration peinte souligne le statut aristocratique de Lyson et Calliclès et leur fonction éminente dans l'infanterie macédonienne.

La chambre funéraire comporte, sur les murs latéraux et le mur nord, vingt-deux niches carrées réparties sur deux rangées destinées à accueillir les cendres et les offrandes de crémation des défunts de la famille d'Aristophane. Dix-sept noms sont inscrits au sommet des emplacements, sur quatre générations.

Histoire
Découverte par hasard en 1942, la tombe de Lyson et Calliclès a été fouillée par l'archéologue grec . Bien que pillé, le monument présente un exceptionnel état de conservation. Une étude complète a été réalisée par Stella G. Miller en 1993. En 1962, le monument a bénéficié d'un classement au titre des sites archéologiques de Grèce, une protection renouvelée et étendue en 2012. Une structure métallique a été construite au-dessus de la tombe en 1999 pour protéger le monument des éléments météorologiques. Le lieu n'est pas accessible au public.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

 .
 .

Articles connexes
 Tombe du jugement
 Tombe des palmettes
 Nécropole d'Ágios Athanásios
 Tombe de Philippe II de Macédoine
 Peinture de la Grèce antique
 Armée macédonienne

Lien externe

  Tombes macédoniennes  sur Macedonian Heritage

Royaume de Macédoine
Site archéologique en Grèce
Histoire de la Macédoine-Centrale
Lyson et Callicles
Peinture antique

Tombe de Lyson et Calliclès


Zhang Chutong, née le  à Jilin en Chine, est une patineuse chinoise, spécialiste de patinage de vitesse sur piste courte. Elle remporte une médaille de bronze aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022 à Pékin, en relais 3 000 mètres.

Biographie

Zhang Chutong naît à Jilin dans la province du Jilin en Chine le .

Elle pratique le patinage depuis 2011 et se spécialise en patinage de vitesse sur piste courte.

Qualifiée pour les Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022 à Pékin, Zhang Chutong participe au  femmes, se qualifie pour les quarts de finale mais pas pour la demi-finale et termine  de cette discipline. Au relais  en revanche, elle se qualifie pour la finale, termine troisième et obtient ainsi la médaille de bronze avec ses coéquipières.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Patinage de vitesse sur piste courte
 Patinage de vitesse sur piste courte aux Jeux olympiques de 2022 - Relais 3 000 mètres

Liens externes

Patineuse de vitesse sur piste courte chinoise
Patineuse de vitesse sur piste courte aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022
Médaillée de bronze olympique chinoise
Médaillée aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022
Naissance en février 2003
Naissance à Jilin

Zhang Chutong


Łukasz Bejger, né le  à Golub-Dobrzyń en Pologne, est un footballeur polonais qui évolue au poste de défenseur central au Śląsk Wrocław.

Biographie

En club
Né à Golub-Dobrzyń en Pologne, Łukasz Bejger est formé par le KS Piłkarz puis le Lech Poznań avant de rejoindre l'Angleterre lors de l'été 2018 à l'âge de 16 ans, en s'engageant avec Manchester United. Il est alors également courtisé par le rival Manchester City mais préfère rejoindre les Red Devils.

Le , il fait son retour en Pologne en s'engageant avec le Śląsk Wrocław. Il joue son premier match en professionnel avec cette équipe, le , lors d'une rencontre de championnat face au Pogoń Szczecin. Il est titularisé et son équipe l'emporte par deux buts à un.

En sélection
Łukasz Bejger représente l'équipe de Pologne des moins de 17 ans de 2018 à 2019, pour un total de onze matchs joués, tous en tant que titulaire.

Łukasz Bejger joue son premier match avec l'équipe de Pologne espoirs le  contre la Lettonie. Il est titulaire et son équipe l'emporte par six deux à zéro.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur polonais
Joueur du Śląsk Wrocław (football)
Naissance en janvier 2002
Naissance dans la voïvodie de Couïavie-Poméranie

Łukasz Bejger


Natportieren (eng. "The Night Porter") har flere betydninger:
 Natportieren (film fra 1930) – en engelsk film af Sewell Collins
 Natportieren (film fra 1974) – en italiensk film af Liliana Cavani
 Natportieren (tv-serie) – en dansk tv-miniserie fra 2016 af Susanne Bier

Natportieren