Landon Timothy Donovan (born March 4, 1982) is an American former professional soccer player. Donovan is also the co-founder and vice-president of soccer operations for USL Championship side San Diego Loyal SC, and serves as a strategic advisor for English side Lincoln City. Considered as the greatest American player of all time, he is frequently debated with Clint Dempsey for the title. Donovan holds the world record for the most international assists (58) and is tied with Dempsey for the most international goals scored by an American player (57).

An early soccer product of IMG Academy, Donovan signed for Bayer 04 Leverkusen in 1999. In 2005, after six years with Leverkusen, the majority of which were spent on loan with the San Jose Earthquakes of MLS, Donovan moved back to the United States permanently to sign with the Los Angeles Galaxy. He later returned to Germany for a loan with Bayern Munich, and twice went on short loans to English Premier League club Everton in 2010 and 2012. He retired as a player in 2014, but made a brief comeback with LA Galaxy late in the 2016 season and then in 2018 to play for Club León. He further played one season with the San Diego Sockers of the Major Arena Soccer League. Overall Donovan won a record six MLS Cups and is the league's all-time assists leader with 136. The Major League Soccer MVP Award has been renamed the Landon Donovan MVP Award in his honor.

Donovan made his senior debut for the United States men's national team in 2000. He is the all-time leader in assists, tied with Clint Dempsey as the all-time leader in scoring, and is the second-most-capped player of his country. Donovan is the only American player to reach the 50 goals/50 assists mark.  He is a four-time winner of the U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year award (the only man to do so and the first man to win in consecutive years), as well as the only seven-time winner of the Honda Player of the Year award. Donovan starred in the U.S. team that reached the quarter-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup where he received the Best Young Player Award. His three goals in the 2010 World Cup made Donovan the highest-scoring male American player in World Cup history and one of the three male American players to score in more than one World Cup, along with Brian McBride and Clint Dempsey.

On November 26, 2022, National Soccer Hall of Fame announced that he, along with fellow U.S. Men's national teammate DaMarcus Beasley were selected for induction. He was inducted on May 6, 2023.

Early life and education
Landon Timothy Donovan was born (along with twin sister Tristan) on March 4, 1982, in Ontario, California, to Donna Kenney-Cash, an American special education teacher, and Tim Donovan, a semi-professional ice hockey player originally from Canada. Donovan's parents are both of Irish descent, and he holds Canadian citizenship by way of his father. His mother raised Landon and his siblings in Redlands, California, and he attended Redlands East Valley High School when not engaged in soccer activities elsewhere.

Donovan first played soccer with his older brother and when Donovan was six, his mother allowed him to join an organized league, where he scored seven goals in his first match. Donovan was a member of Cal Heat – a club based in nearby Rancho Cucamonga, California. In 1997, he was accepted into U.S. Youth Soccer's Olympic Development Program. In 1999 Donovan attended the IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida, with other members of the U-17 national team as part of U.S. Soccer's youth development program. Donovan was a member of the inaugural class of the U.S. Soccer youth residency program in Bradenton, Florida. He was named Player of the Tournament for his role in the United States under-17 squad that finished fourth in the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship before signing with German club Bayer Leverkusen later that year.

Club career

Bayer Leverkusen and San Jose Earthquakes

Later in 1999, Donovan signed a six-year contract for German Bundesliga club Bayer Leverkusen, whose sporting director Michael Reschke spotted him at a youth tournament in Europe. Despite becoming a regular starter for the club's reserve team upon arrival, Donovan had trouble adapting to life overseas and was allowed extended training periods with United States youth national teams. He played in a German Cup match for the reserve team. Unhappy with his situation with Leverkusen, Donovan was loaned to the San Jose Earthquakes of Major League Soccer (MLS) for the 2001 season. In MLS, Donovan had immediate success, leading the Earthquakes to MLS Cup championships in 2001 and 2003 and becoming one of the only recognizable faces of soccer in the United States. In four years in the league, he scored 32 goals and 29 assists in league play, and ten goals and six assists in the playoffs. Two of those goals were in the 2003 MLS Cup, a 4–2 Earthquakes triumph over Chicago Fire SC. Donovan earned Man of the Match for his actions. He was named U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year in 2003.

In 2004, Donovan became the first man to be named the U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year three years in a row before returning to the Bayer Leverkusen first team in January 2005. After playing seven matches with Leverkusen in the 2004–05 season, only two of which were starts, Donovan requested to leave the club. Despite a late offer from English Premier League club Portsmouth, Donovan expressed a desire to return to the United States. Upon his re-entry to MLS, San Jose was denied the chance to re-sign Donovan because Earthquakes general manager Alexi Lalas had traded away his rights. LA Galaxy, his hometown team, were able to trade leading scorer Carlos Ruiz to FC Dallas to get on top of the MLS allocation order as Donovan prepared to leave Germany.

LA Galaxy

2005–2014
Donovan signed a multi-year contract with LA Galaxy, making him the highest-paid American player in the league. In his first season at the club, Donovan scored 12 league goals with 10 assists and added four goals and an assist in the playoffs as LA Galaxy won the MLS Cup (his third MLS championship to date). He was named to the MLS All-Time Best XI after the season. In his second season with LA Galaxy, Donovan scored 12 league goals and 8 assists. He also scored three goals in the Open Cup. Despite this, Donovan and LA Galaxy failed to make the playoffs and lost in the Open Cup to  Chicago Fire SC. Donovan's playoff goals make him MLS' second all-time leading scorer in the playoffs with 14, behind Carlos Ruiz's 15.

Donovan had a mixed year with LA Galaxy in 2007. Upon the signing and arrival of David Beckham, Donovan relinquished his captaincy to the English superstar. In the 2007 SuperLiga tournament, Donovan was the top scorer. He scored a goal in every match except for the final. He scored six goals in five matches. At this point in his career, Donovan had 84 all-time regular season goals putting him in seventh place on the league's all-time scoring list. Although the 2008 season was a disappointment for LA Galaxy, it was a banner year for Donovan as he scored 20 goals and 9 assists in 25 matches, forming a strong offensive partnership with David Beckham and Edson Buddle.

After his former national team manager Bruce Arena was named LA Galaxy head coach and Beckham joined Milan on loan in early 2009, Donovan once again was given the club captaincy on a permanent basis. In July 2009, Donovan received praise and criticism for his critical comments about Beckham in Sports Illustrated journalist Grant Wahl's book The Beckham Experiment, calling Beckham a poor captain and teammate. He later apologized to Beckham for discussing his concerns to a reporter rather than to him directly. The two reconciled upon Beckham's mid-season return to Los Angeles and Donovan enjoyed an outstanding 2009 campaign, winning the league's Most Valuable Player and MLS Goal of The Year 2009 award and leading LA Galaxy to MLS Cup 2009, which they lost on penalties. Following the season, Donovan agreed to a four-year extension to his contract with LA Galaxy, with clauses that allow him to seek loans during the MLS offseason. On August 1, 2010, Donovan scored the 100th goal of his MLS career. On September 18, 2010, he became the all-time leading scorer for LA Galaxy.

LA Galaxy had another successful campaign in 2010 winning the Supporters' Shield for the first time since 2003. In that campaign, Donovan scored 7 goals and a team-high 16 assists.  In the playoffs, LA Galaxy would ultimately succumb to FC Dallas in the semi-finals.

In 2011, LA Galaxy again won the MLS Supporter's Shield. In the 2011 MLS Cup, Donovan scored the title-clinching goal in the 72nd minute over the Houston Dynamo, securing his fourth MLS Cup title.
Donovan was named the MLS Cup MVP.

In October 2012, Donovan expressed his desire to take a break from his professional soccer career, citing physical and mental exhaustion as the main reasons. In LA Galaxy's next match, the 2012 MLS Cup, a rematch with Houston, Donovan converted a penalty kick in the 65th minute of play to give LA a 2–1 lead. The goal was Donovan's fifth in MLS Cup Finals. LA Galaxy went on to win their second straight MLS Cup, 3–1.

Donovan returned to training with LA Galaxy on March 25, 2013, and made his season debut five days later against Toronto FC, coming on as a 61st-minute substitute. However, upon his return, it was announced he would be forced to relinquish the captaincy to Robbie Keane for the 2013 season. He scored two goals against Chivas USA, tying him with Jeff Cunningham together as the top MLS goalscorer with 134 goals. On May 25, 2014, Donovan scored twice against the Philadelphia Union to break Cunningham's record of 134, making Donovan MLS's All-Time leading goalscorer with 136 goals. On August 6, 2014, he scored the winning goal at the 2014 MLS All-Star Game, putting the ball past Bayern Munich goalkeeper Manuel Neuer at the 70th minute, he was subsequently substituted for Sporting Kansas City striker Dom Dwyer and gave the captain's armband to Canadian international Will Johnson. On August 7, 2014, Donovan announced he would be retiring at the end of the 2014 Major League Soccer season; the season ended with LA Galaxy winning their fourth MLS Cup of the Donovan era on December 7, 2014.

Loans to other clubs

In November 2008, Donovan trained with Bayern Munich, before joining the German club on loan until the start of the 2009 MLS season in mid-March. During his stay with Bayern, Donovan had appearances in five friendly matches, in which he scored four goals, six league matches and one DFB-Pokal match. At the end of the loan period, Bayern declined to extend his loan.

After the 2009 MLS season had finished, Donovan joined English Premier League side Everton on loan in January 2010, though there was strong suggestions he could join his American teammates at Fulham. During this period, he played in 13 matches in all competitions, scored two goals and was named the club's Player of the Month for January. Everton were keen on extending his loan deal, but LA Galaxy refused, and Donovan returned to the U.S. in time for the start of the 2010 MLS season.

An agreement was reached in December 2011 for Donovan to spend another two months at Everton beginning in January 2012. He made his returning debut on January 4, 2012, against Bolton Wanderers, a 2–1 defeat. In his third match on loan, he assisted Everton's only goal in a 1–1 draw against Aston Villa on January 14. On January 27, he assisted in both goals in a 2–1 win over Fulham in the FA Cup fourth round proper. On January 31, he assisted in Darron Gibson's winning goal over Manchester City. Donovan took his tally of assists to seven when he assisted Denis Stracqualursi's goal in a 2–0 victory over Chelsea on February 11.

Return to LA Galaxy
On September 8, 2016, Donovan announced his return from retirement and officially signed with LA Galaxy for the remainder of the 2016 season (six regular season games and any consecutive play-off matches).

Donovan explained that the injuries sustained by the club late in the season led to his decision to return:

Two weeks ago, I was working as an analyst on the LA Galaxy vs. Vancouver Whitecaps match and during that game, LA Galaxy suffered injuries to three players: Jelle Van Damme, Steven Gerrard and Gyasi Zardes. Over the next few days, Nigel De Jong was transferred to Galatasaray and news broke that Gyasi would be out for the rest of the season.

Since my retirement, I have remained in close contact with many of the staff and players on LA Galaxy. I spoke with some of them that week and they jokingly asked if I was ready to make a return to the field to help fill some of the void left by the injuries and departures.

I reminded them that I haven't played a meaningful soccer game in almost two years and I certainly couldn't fill the holes left by those players. Over the ensuing days, I began to think about their inquiries and it struck me that perhaps this is something I should consider. I care so deeply about the Galaxy organization, and I believe I could help in a small way to aid the team in its quest for a sixth MLS championship.

On September 11, 2016, Donovan entered the match against Orlando City as a substitute on the 83rd minute. As his traditional number 10 was worn by Giovani dos Santos, Donovan selected number 26, which he wore at Bayer Leverkusen when he began his career in 1999.

Donovan scored a goal in his second match after returning to LA Galaxy. On September 18, 2016, he came on as a substitute in the 74th minute in a match against Sporting Kansas City and scored two minutes later to tie the game 2–2.

Altogether, Donovan played in all six remaining matches of the 2016 regular season, as well as in all three play-off matches. He started in five of them and scored one goal. At the end of the play-off run, Donovan retired for the second time.

Club León

On January 12, 2018, Donovan signed with Liga MX team Club León, having returned from retirement for a second time. He made his Liga MX debut on February 10, 2018, coming on as a substitute in the 83rd minute of León's 2–1 victory over Club Puebla. He scored his first goal for the club on March 24, 2018, in a friendly against his former team, the San Jose Earthquakes On June 17, 2018, Club León announced they had decided to terminate Donovan's contract early.

San Diego Sockers

On January 24, 2019, Donovan signed with the San Diego Sockers in the Major Arena Soccer League. He provided an assist in a 6–4 win over the Tacoma Stars during his MASL debut on February 15 in front of a record crowd in Pechanga Arena San Diego. He scored his first two goals for the Sockers in the next game for a 13–2 win over Turlock Express, opening the scoring after just 12 seconds. Donovan was named to MASL's Week 14 Team of the Week and also named him as a 2018–19 All-MASL Top Newcomer.

International career

Donovan was a member of the inaugural class at U.S. Soccer's full-time residency program for the under-17 national team at the IMG Academy in Bradenton, Florida. In his two years playing for the U-17 team, he scored 35 goals in 41 games and won the Golden Ball at the 1999 FIFA U-17 World Championship as the tournament's best player. He also represented the United States at the 1999 Pan American Games. In 2000, he moved up to both the United States U-23 men's national soccer team as well as the senior team. Despite this he played for the United States U-20 men's national soccer team in 2001. On March 20, 2001, he was involved in a collision with Marvin Lee, the captain of Trinidad and Tobago U-20 team during the 2001 CONCACAF U-20 Tournament in Trinidad. Lee collided head to side with Donovan which resulted in Lee being paralyzed after sustaining neck and spine injuries, while Donovan had fractured ribs.  Lee died in 2003 from complications caused by his condition, the stadium now carries his name.

Donovan made his World Cup finals debut in the 2002 World Cup starting in the shock upset of pre-tournament favorites Portugal, a match the Americans won 3–2. Donovan's cross in the 29th minute deflected in off Jorge Costa, giving the U.S. a 2–0 lead. Later, Donovan would tally his first World Cup finals goal in the 83rd minute of a 3–1 loss to Poland in the third match of the group stage. He then scored his second goal of the tournament on a header which clinched a 2–0 round of 16 victory for the Americans over arch-rival Mexico. Though the U.S. would go on to lose 1–0 to Germany in the quarter-finals, Donovan would later be named Best Young Player of the tournament.

Donovan was a member of the U.S. squad at the 2006 World Cup, in which the Americans were eliminated in the group stage.  Failing to provide any goals or assists throughout the three matches, he was widely criticized by American viewers for his performance. The following year, he led the U.S. to the 2007 Gold Cup title with four goals, including a crucial penalty in the 2–1 victory over Mexico in the final. On January 19, 2008, Donovan scored his 35th international goal, a penalty against Sweden, and passed Eric Wynalda as the United States' all-time leading goal scorer. Donovan reached 100 caps at age 26 on June 8, 2008, in a friendly against Argentina that ended in a 0–0 draw, becoming the fourth-youngest person to do so. Donovan captained the U.S. in the group stage of the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup due to Carlos Bocanegra's injury absence. Donovan scored on a penalty kick against Italy, shortly after his team had been reduced to ten men, and scored for the U.S. in a 3–2 defeat to Brazil in the final. On October 10, 2009, Donovan scored on a free-kick, giving the U.S. a 3–2 victory over Honduras in San Pedro Sula that clinched World Cup qualification.

Donovan played every minute of the U.S. campaign at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. He scored against Slovenia with a powerful close-range finish to begin a U.S. comeback for a 2–2 draw, and the only goal in the dying seconds of a 1–0 defeat of Algeria with a finish off a rebounded Clint Dempsey attempt, leading the U.S. to first place in their World Cup group for the first time since 1930. Donovan scored a penalty in the round of 16 against Ghana as the U.S. lost 2–1 after extra time and were eliminated from the competition. His goals in South Africa made Donovan the highest scoring American male in World Cup history, and just the third American man to score in more than one World Cup, after Brian McBride and Clint Dempsey.  His total of five World Cup goals is the most for any man representing a team from CONCACAF.

After missing the first two World Cup qualifiers of 2013 due to his extended off-season sabbatical, Donovan was left off of the squad by Jürgen Klinsmann for the June qualifying matches, despite having returned to playing full-time in March. However, Donovan was re-called to the national team for the 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup to be played in July. On July 5, 2013, he became the first U.S. player to reach the 50 international goal mark and the fourth man in CONCACAF to score 50 international goals after a brace against Guatemala in a warmup friendly before the Gold Cup. Four days later, Donovan became the first player to reach 50 goals and 50 assists for the United States during a 6–1 group stage victory in their 2013 Gold Cup opener against Belize in which he had one goal and two assists. After the U.S. won the Gold Cup title with a 1–0 victory over Panama, Donovan was awarded the tournament's Best Player trophy after tying for the tournament lead with five goals scored. He started every match of the tournament for the United States. Donovan was recalled to the full national squad for the first time in over a year for the U.S.'s September World Cup qualifying matches against Costa Rica and Mexico. Donovan started and played 90 minutes in both games. With the U.S. needing a win over Mexico to clinch qualification, Donovan's corner kick assisted Eddie Johnson's go-ahead goal in the 57th minute. Then, in the 78th minute, Donovan scored off a low cross from Mix Diskerud to make the score 2–0, and effectively seal the win, and the World Cup berth.

In May 2014, Donovan was named in the preliminary squad for the 2014 World Cup and joined the team in training camp. However, on May 22, 2014, he was controversially omitted from the final U.S. squad by manager Jürgen Klinsmann. Donovan's absence from the team even became the comedic subject of a PlayStation Commercial where Donovan makes light of his newly found free time. Klinsmann later called his decision "one of the toughest decisions in [his] coaching career", but said, "I just think the other guys right now are a little bit ahead of him." Klinsmann's decision, which was described by media staff as abruptly timed after Klinsmann had previously promised to wait until after the team's friendly matches to announce cuts, saw additional controversy when Klinsmann's son Jonathan published and later deleted a post on Twitter that appeared to ridicule Donovan following the announcement.

On October 10, 2014, Donovan played his 157th and final match for the United States in a friendly against Ecuador in East Hartford, Connecticut. The match was arranged by United States Soccer Federation president Sunil Gulati to give Donovan a proper farewell, despite the disagreement between Donovan and Klinsmann. Following his retirement, he was named by The Guardian as the U.S. team's greatest ever player.

After playing in the Major Arena Soccer League during the 2018–19 season, Donovan was named to the United States national arena soccer team ahead of a friendly against Mexico.

Style of play
Donovan was a versatile attacker known for his pace and stamina as well as intelligence and technical skill, allowing him to play at various forward and midfield positions at different points of his career. His longtime international and club manager Bruce Arena was once quoted as saying, "the problem with Landon is that he's your best player at so many positions that you never know where to put him."

Particularly in the early parts of his career, Donovan played as a withdrawn striker and was most noted for his quickness and goalscoring ability. As his professional career progressed, Donovan was increasingly utilized by managers as a wide attacking midfielder, where he could additionally benefit the team with his playmaking abilities, passing vision, and defensive work rate. Donovan also provided capable delivery on set pieces (as well as occasionally scoring from direct kicks) and served as first-choice penalty taker for club and country for much of his career.

Coaching career

MLS Homegrown Game
In July 2015, it was announced Donovan had been appointed as head coach for a team consisting of young MLS players for the 2015 MLS Homegrown Game. The game took place on July 28, 2015, at Dick's Sporting Goods Park in Commerce City, Colorado. Donovan led a team of MLS academy graduates, assembled just one day prior, to a 1–1 regulation tie, followed by a 4–5 shootout loss, as reported online. Donovan selected and coached the team a second time in the 2016 edition of the event.

San Diego Loyal SC
On November 14, 2019, Landon Donovan was named the inaugural manager of the San Diego Loyal, a team that he helped co-found and was the vice president of soccer operations. Noting that his hiring was a risk for the club because he had never coached before, Donovan surrounded himself with an experienced backroom staff. He brought on former coach Paul Buckle and former United States women's national soccer team player Shannon MacMillan as senior advisors to his staff. While also bringing in experienced coaches in Carrie Taylor, Nate Miller, and Matt Hall to his staff. Donovan noted that he wanted a staff with experienced coaches because they could aid him with the day-to-day responsibilities with a coaching role that he was unfamiliar with.

During his first season in charge, Donovan lead San Diego to 6-5-5 record. Donovan and the Loyal garnered international headlines when they forfeited the last two matches of the season after having alleged instances of racial and homophobic abuse directed at their players by the Los Angeles Galaxy II and Phoenix Rising respectively went unpunished. After the second instance, where Phoenix Rising player Junior Flemmings allegedly directed a homophobic slur against openly gay San Diego player Collin Martin,  Donovan stated: "We went through a really hard incident in the LA match and we made a vow to ourselves, our community, our players, the club and the USL that we would not stand for bigotry, homophobic slurs and things that don't belong in our game. Our players in the heart and passion of the moment still wanted to play, but if we wanted to be true to who we are as a club, we have to speak and we have to act. After half-time we all decided if the player who used the homophobic slur was not removed from the game – either by the officials or by his coach – we would not play. If they are not willing to act, we have to act."

On December 2, 2022, Donovan was elevated to full-time Executive Vice President of Soccer Operations for Loyal. Associate head coach Nate Miller was promoted to head coach.

Off the field career

Broadcasting career
After being left off the 2014 World Cup roster for the United States, Donovan joined the ESPN broadcast team for the World Cup as a studio analyst. After his retirement, Donovan became a color commentator for FOX Sports, participating in the network's coverage of the United States–Ecuador quarter-final of the Copa América Centenario.

San Diego Loyal SC (Ownership and Leadership)
Donovan, along with Warren Smith, a co-founder of Sacramento Republic FC, founded a USL Championship expansion team in June 2019. The team debuted in the USL Championship in 2020. Warren Smith will be the president, while Donovan will be the executive vice president of soccer operations and head coach of the new club. Provisionally named USL San Diego, the team's name and crest would be developed through fan engagement and reflect the interests of the city. On November 2, 2019, the team announced their branding and naming themselves San Diego Loyal SC.

Lincoln City
On 17 June 2021, it was announced that Donovan would be joining Lincoln City as a Strategic Advisor, working with the Board, Chief Executive Liam Scully and Director of Football Jez George to enhance the club's network and relationships, particularly within North America.

Personal life
Donovan married actress Bianca Kajlich on December 31, 2006; the couple separated in July 2009, and Donovan filed for divorce in December 2010. In May 2015, he married Hannah Bartell. They welcomed their first child, son Talon, in January 2016. Donovan has spoken publicly about dealing with depression throughout his life and career, and has criticized the professional sports world for its approach to mental health issues.

Since joining the Galaxy, Donovan has resided in Manhattan Beach, California. He speaks fluent Spanish, which he learned both in school and through playing in Hispanic clubs and leagues while growing up in California. He also speaks German as a result of his time spent in Germany. After his two brief stints playing for Everton in which he became a fan favorite, Donovan declared himself an "Evertonian for life".

He was featured on the North American covers of the FIFA 11 and FIFA 12 video games.

In 2016, Donovan became a part owner of Welsh football club Swansea City, joining several other Americans in an investment group that has a majority stake in the club.

Donovan revealed during the 2018 FIFA World Cup that he was a fan of fierce rival Mexico in the absence of the United States national team, having been sponsored to do so by Wells Fargo. He was widely criticized, including by his former international teammate Carlos Bocanegra, who Donovan responded back that he should "remember where you came from" in reference to Bocanegra's Mexican heritage.

Career statistics

Club

International

Coaching statistics

Honors
San Jose Earthquakes
 MLS Cup: 2001, 2003

LA Galaxy
 MLS Cup: 2005, 2011, 2012, 2014
 Supporters' Shield: 2010, 2011
 Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup: 2005

United States
 FIFA Confederations Cup: runner-up 2009
 CONCACAF Gold Cup: 2002, 2005, 2007, 2013

Individual
 U.S. Soccer Young Athlete of the Year: 2000
 U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year: 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010
 Best Male Soccer Player ESPY Award: 2002
 Best MLS Player ESPY Award: 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2011
 Honda Player of the Year: 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
 FIFA U-17 World Cup Golden Ball: 1999
 FIFA World Cup Best Young Player Award: 2002
 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 2002 (Reserve)
 CONCACAF Gold Cup Best XI: 2002, 2003, 2005, 2013; Honorable Mention: 2007
 CONCACAF Gold Cup MVP: 2013
 CONCACAF Gold Cup top scorer: 2003, 2005, 2013
 CONCACAF Gold Cup Best Goal: 2011 (second place)
 LA Galaxy Player of the Year: 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011
LA Galaxy Golden Boot: 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011
 LA Galaxy Humanitarian of the Year: 2007, 2008
 Everton Player of the Month: January 2010, January 2012
 MLS All-Time Best XI: Midfielder
 Major League Soccer MVP: 2009
 MLS Player of the Month: September 2003, April 2003, April 2008, July 2009, May 2011, August 2014
 MLS Best XI: 2003, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2014
 MLS Cup MVP: 2003, 2011
 MLS All-Star: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
 MLS All-Star Game MVP: 2001, 2014
 MLS 100 goals club
 MLS 50/50 Club
 MLS Golden Boot: 2008
 MLS Silver Boot: 2010
 MLS Goal of the Year: 2009
 Premios Univision Deportes Lifetime Achievement Award: 2014
 Walt Chyzowych Fund Distinguished Playing Career Award: 2017
 IFFHS Legends
 MLS Greatest Player of All Time
National Soccer Hall of Fame: 2023

See also
 List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps
 List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals
 List of athletes who came out of retirement
 Landon Donovan MVP Award

References

External links

 Landon Donovan at Everton FC

 Landon Donovan: USA Soccer Hero – slideshow by Life magazine

1982 births
Living people
American people of Irish descent
American sportspeople of Canadian descent
People from Ontario, California
Sportspeople from Redlands, California
Soccer players from San Bernardino County, California
Sportspeople from Manhattan Beach, California
American men's soccer players
Men's association football wingers
Men's association football forwards
American Youth Soccer Organization players
Bayer 04 Leverkusen II players
Bayer 04 Leverkusen players
San Jose Earthquakes players
LA Galaxy players
FC Bayern Munich footballers
Everton F.C. players
Club León footballers
San Diego Loyal SC
San Diego Sockers (2009) players
Bundesliga players
Major League Soccer players
Major League Soccer All-Stars
Designated Players (MLS)
Premier League players
Liga MX players
Major Arena Soccer League players
United States men's youth international soccer players
United States men's under-20 international soccer players
United States men's under-23 international soccer players
Olympic soccer players for the United States
United States men's international soccer players
Footballers at the 1999 Pan American Games
Footballers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
2002 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2003 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2005 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in football
CONCACAF Gold Cup-winning players
FIFA Men's Century Club
American expatriate men's soccer players
American expatriate soccer players in Germany
American expatriate sportspeople in England
American expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
American soccer coaches
San Diego Loyal SC coaches
USL Championship coaches
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
Redlands East Valley High School alumni

Landon Donovan


Die römisch-katholische Pfarrkirche Winklern ist dem heiligen Laurentius geweiht. Sie liegt im Dorf Winklern an der Mölltalstrasse in Kärnten.

Geschichte
1115 findet erstmals in Winklern eine Filialkirche von Stall urkundliche Erwähnung. Nach der südseitigen Erweiterung um 1510 wurde die Kirche 1516 durch Bischof Berthold von Chiemsee geweiht. Noch Im selben Jahr wurde sie ein Raub der Flammen. Die wieder aufgebaute Kirche weihte 1521 Bischof Berthold erneut. 1787 wurde Winklern im Zuge der josephinischen Reformen von der Mutterpfarre Stall gelöst und zur eigenständigen Pfarre erhoben. 1789 kam die Pfarre Winklern von der Erzdiözese Salzburg zur Diözese Gurk. Um 1800 wurde die Pfarrkirche umgestaltet und vermutlich nach Westen erweitert. Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bis 1908 fand eine Gotisierung des Innenraums statt.

Baubeschreibung
Die Kirche ist ein spätgotischer Bau des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderts. Dreieckige Strebepfeilern stützen den Chor mit Fünfachtelschluss und Spitzbogenfenster. In dem kleinen, gratgewölbten Raum unter dem Chor steht ein neugotischer Altar. Der Turm im südlichen Chorwinkel hat spitzbogige Schallfenster und einen Spitzgiebelhelm. Das Christophorusfresko an der Südwand des Turmes entstand um 1470. Das dreijochige Langhaus ist an der Südseite um die Breite des Turmes ausgeweitet. Das reich profilierte Portal an der Südwand des Langhauses ist im Spitzbogenfeld mit 1517 bezeichnet. An der Südwand finden sich Grabsteine aus dem Biedermeier.

Im Langhaus erhebt sich eine barocke Flachtonne mit Stichkappen über Wandpfeilern. Im Westen ist eine zweigeschoßige Holzempore auf Holzstützen eingestellt. Das Fresko des Jüngsten Gerichtes mit Wappen an der Ostwand des Langhauses entstand 1519. Über dem zweijochigen Chor ruht ein Netzrippengewölbe auf spätgotischen Runddiensten, die in Wappenkonsolen enden. Im mittleren Gewölbefeld des Ostjoches ist eine gemalte Madonna mit Kind in einem vertieften Vierpass mit Blatt- und Blütenformen vom Anfang des 16. Jahrhunderts zu sehen. An der Südseite des westlichen Chorjochs führt eine spätgotische, eisenbeschlagene Tür ins rippengewölbte Turmerdgeschoß.

Einrichtung
Der 1899 von Johann Rotschopf gefertigte Hochaltar trägt in der Mittelnische die Statue des heiligen Laurentius, in den Seitennischen die Figuren der Heiligen Benedikt und Rupert sowie im Aufsatz die Skulptur des heiligen Martin. Die Konsolfiguren stammen vermutlich aus einer Grödener Schnitzwerkstatt. Die Orgel entstand um 1840/1850. Der neugotische Taufstein trägt eine Skulptur der Taufe Jesu. Die neugotische Kanzel zeigt an der Brüstung die Reliefs der Evangelisten. Weiters besitzt die Kirche eine spätgotische Schnitzfigur des heiligen Ulrich. An der Langhausnordwand befindet sich ein Epitaph für den in Winklern geborenen Johann Ritter von Jenull.

Literatur
Dehio-Handbuch. Die Kunstdenkmäler Österreichs. Kärnten. Anton Schroll, Wien 2001, ISBN 3-7031-0712-X, S. 1073 f.

Weblinks

Webseite der Pfarre

Kirchengebäude in Winklern
Winklern
Winklern
Winklern

Pfarrkirche Winklern


La Operación Deadlight fue el nombre en código dado al echado a pique de los U-boot rendidos a los Aliados tras la derrota de Alemania al finalizar la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

De los 156 U-boots que se rindieron al finalizar la contienda, 116 fueron echados a pique durante la operación Deadlight. La operación fue ideada por la Royal Navy y planeaba remolcar los submarinos a tres áreas a una distancia en torno a 100 millas al noroeste de Irlanda y hundirlos. Las áreas recibieron los nombres en clave XX, YY y ZZ. La intención era usar el área XX como principal zona para echar los buques a pique, mientras que 36 debían ser remolcados a ZZ para usarlos como objetivos en maniobras de ataque aéreo. YY era la posición reservada para, en caso de que hubiera buenas condiciones climatológicas y se dispusiera de suficientes submarinos, poder hundirlos como blancos navales por ataques de artillería naval. En el caso de que no pudieran usarse como objetivos, los buques debían hundirse mediante explosivos, cargas, combinaciones de estas o fuego de artillería si estas fallaban.

Cuando se puso en práctica la operación Deadlight, se encontró que muchos de los submarinos estaban pésimamente conservados, por el tiempo que llevaban amarrados en puerto sin mantenimiento mientras esperaban su destino. Combinado con el mal tiempo, implicó que 56 buques se hundieron antes de llegar a las áreas designadas para echarlos a pique, y los que consiguieron llegar, fueron hundidos en general por fuego de artillería en lugar de por cargas explosivas. El primer hundimiento tuvo lugar el 17 de noviembre de 1945 y el último el 12 de febrero de 1946.

Submarinos excluidos de la Operaciónn Deadlight
Varios U-boots escaparon de la operación Deadlight. Algunos fueron reclamados como botín de guerra por el Reino Unido, Francia, Noruega y la Unión Soviética. Cuatro se encontraban en el Lejano Oriente cuando Alemania se rindió, y fueron utilizados por el Japón (U-181 fue renombrado I-501, U-195 - I-506, U-219 - I-505, U-862 - I-502, y un quinto, el U-511 había sido vendido a Japón en 1943 y renombrado RO-500). Otros dos U-boats que sobrevivieron a la operación Deadlight hoy en día son buques museo. El U-505 cuando el contralmirante Daniel V. Gallery argumentó con éxito que no podía caer bajo la operación Deadlight, ya que había sido capturado en combate el 4 de junio de 1944 por el Task Group 22.3, conservándose como memorial en el Museo de la Ciencia y la Industria de Chicago. El U-995 fue transferido por Noruega al Reino Unido en octubre de 1948, sirviendo en la Armada de Noruega con el nombre Kaura. En 1965 fue devuelto a Alemania, donde se conserva como buque museo desde 1971.

Véase también
 Hundimiento de la flota alemana en Scapa Flow
 Operación Lila

Referencias

Deadlight
Kriegsmarine
Política de la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Reino Unido en la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Alemania en la Segunda Guerra Mundial
Reino Unido en 1945
Reino Unido en 1946
Historia de Irlanda del Norte

Operación Deadlight


Isabella Cascarano es una actriz venezolana nacida en Valencia, Estado Carabobo, Venezuela y residenciada en Los Ángeles, California, EE.UU. Cascarano ha trabajado tanto en teatro, cine como televisión, y ha servido como modelo publicitaria para diferentes firmas comerciales. En el 2011 Cascarano recibió el premio de mejor actriz en el Euro Film Festival de Marbella, España.

Biografía
De padres inmigrantes italianos establecidos en Venezuela, Cascarano se inició como modelo en Caracas, donde fue seleccionada como uno de los Rostros Revlon de Venezuela. Tras realizar distintos comerciales de televisión, se estableció en Los Ángeles, EE.UU., donde estudió actuación con Jeremiah Comey e Ivana Chubbuck.

Como actriz profesional, Cascarano ha participado en producciones cinematográficas en EE.UU., México y Venezuela. En el 2008 participó en el largometraje mexicano La mejor lucha de Gonzalo Martínez y El Padrino II: Border Intrusion bajo la dirección del norteamericano Damian Chapa. En el 2010 viajó a Venezuela para trabajar la película Memorias de un soldado, producida por la Fundación Villa del Cine.

En el 2010 Cascarano produjo y protagonizó el cortometraje Our Vows, dirigido por el norteamericano Ryan LeMasters. Ese mismo año, la cinta fue estrenada en el Downtown Film Festival, fue selección oficial del Santa Fe Independent Film Festival 2010 y del Hollywood Film Festival de Los Ángeles entre otros festivales. La actuación de Cascarano en Our Vows fue bien recibida por la crítica especializada y en el 2011 fue galardonada como mejor actriz por su trabajo en dicha película en el Euro Film Festival celebrado en Marbella, España. En el 2012 Our Vows también fue nominada al Imagen Awards como mejor cortometraje.

En Los Ángeles Cascarano también se desempeña como conductora de televisión y eventos en vivo. Entre el 2007 y el 2010 fue la conductora del Miss Centro América y entre el 2008 y el 2011 animó el Desfile y Carnaval Centroamericano. En abril de 2008 también fue la animadora de Celebrate LA, evento multitudinario celebrado en el Rose Bowl de Los Ángeles. Cascarano también es una actriz de doblaje para las versiones en español de los programas The Bold and the Beautiful, Grey's Anatomy y Desperate Housewives.

Cascarano también sirve de Embajadora de las Olimpiadas Especiales de Venezuela y colabora con las Olimpiadas Especiales de West Side LA, la Starlight Children's Foundation y Junior Blind of America.

Filmografía

Cine
2014 - The Lookout (Raziel)
2012 - Bad Ass (Agata)
2011 - Memorias de un soldado (Sra. Díaz)
2010 - Our Vows (Claudia)
2010 - Dox E. Dog (Chihuahua/Isabella) (Dibujos animados)
2010 - Subhysteria (Camila)
2008 - El padrino II: Border Intrusión (Dominga)
2008 - La mejor lucha (Isabella)
2007 - Cum Laude (Voz de la mamá)
2007 - 30,000 Leagues Under the Sea
2006 - Carne Asada and Cold Beer
2005 - National Lampoons's Cattle Call

Televisión
2013 - Tinga Tinga Tales (Orange Monkey) 52 episodes (Disney Junior Channel)
2013 - Music Spirit Show (Shinca Television)
2012 - Chuggington (Storm Maker) 7 episodes (Disney Junior Channel)
2012 - Entre Nos (Azteca América) Co-Presentadora
2011 - Traffic School (Piloto)
2010 - Flash Foward (ABC)
2009 - What They Don't Want you to Know (Gigabucks Entertainment)
2008 - The Nia Show (Piloto)
2008 - Anna Nicole Story (Nasser Entertainment)
2007 - Camino a la justicia (Azteca América)
2007 - MM Beverly Hills (Bravo TV)
2006 - Secretos (KRCA)
2003 - Roots Art and Cultural Dance Musical (Time Warner Cable)

Teatro
2008 - Sin título - Armory Arts Theatre, Los Ángeles, CA. Compañía: Nueva Alma. Director: Jonh Miyasaki.
2007 - Boba Stories - Armory Arts Theatre, Los Ángeles, CA. Compañía: Here and Now. Director: Jonh Miyasaki.
2004 - Romanceros gitanos - Latino Arts Auditorium. Director: Isabella Cascarano.
2003 - Almas gitanas - Lincoln Center of the Arts. Director: Isabella Cascarano.
2002 - Flamenco Roots - Lincoln Center of the Arts. Director: Isabella Cascarano.

Notas y referencias

Enlaces externos

Actrices de cine de Venezuela
Modelos femeninas de Venezuela
Valencianos (Venezuela)
Presentadores de televisión de Venezuela
Actrices de voz de Venezuela

Isabella Cascarano


Charles Wiener (1851–1913) foi um cientista-explorador austríaco-francês. Nascido em Viena, talvez seja mais conhecido como o explorador que viajou extensivamente pelo Peru, escalou o Illimani e chegou perto de redescobrir Machu Picchu.

Explorador

De acordo com Kim MacQuarrie, Wiener, em sua exploração,viajaria de Ollantaytambo pelo Passo Panticalla até chegar ao rio Urubamba na travessia da ponte de Chuquichaca. Em um livro que publicou em 1880, Wiener escreveu sobre como os moradores de Ollantaytambo lhe contaram sobre [antigas cidades incas]. . . . Wiener fez. . . fez um mapa detalhado do Vale do Urubamba, no qual incluiu dois picos e os marcou com os nomes Matchopicchu e Huyanapicchu"Wiener viajou ao Peru em 1875, alguns anos depois de Herman Göhring (um companheiro explorador) e [foi] informado em Ollantaytambo sobre certas ruínas, incluindo as de "Huainan-Picchu" e " Matcho Picchu ", mas ele não conseguiu chegar durante a sua visita".  Conseqüentemente, o próprio relato de Wiener de suas viagens, publicado como Perou et Bolivie (Paris, 1880), "contém um mapa, "Vallee de Santa-Ana", colocando incorretamente "Huayna picchu" ao sul de "Malcho picchu" no lado leste do Urubamba". "O mapa foi aparentemente publicado em Paris pela Société de Geographie em 1877, três anos antes da publicação do livro de Wiener."  Também é digno de nota que "Hiram Bingham (o último redescobridor de Machu Picchu) estava familiarizado com o livro de Wiener [e] quando um Cuzqueño disse a Bingham que ele tinha visto "ruínas 'mais finas que Choqquequirau' em um lugar chamado Huayna Picchu", Bingham pensou que o "relatório assemelhava-se ao relato de Wiener".

Wiener recebeu algum apoio do governo francês para suas expedições, mas se viu em competição com Théodore Ber. A rivalidade degenerou em uma antipatia amarga, e Wiener tentou falar mal de Ber, que havia sido membro da Comuna de Paris, com as autoridades francesas.

Também digno de nota é que Wiener é mencionado no romance O Narrador de Mario Vargas Llosa como o francês "que em 1880 encontrou 'dois cadáveres de Machiguenga, ritualmente abandonados no rio', que ele decapitou e acrescentou à sua coleção de curiosidades coletadas na selva peruana".

Referências

Exploradores da França

Charles Wiener


Otterburn ist:

 Otterburn (Northumberland), eine Ortschaft in Northumberland, England
 Otterburn (North Yorkshire),  eine Ortschaft in North Yorkshire, England
 Otterburn (Virginia), eine Ortschaft bei Bedford in Virginia, USA
 Otterburn Park, eine Ortschaft in Québec, Kanada

Otterburn


El término Poitevin hace referencia a varios artículos:

Personas
Alphonse Poitevin (1819 - 1882) fue un investigador y fotógrafo francés.
René Poitevin René Poitevin (28 de diciembre de 1943 - 9 de mayo de 2007) fue un abogado y sociólogo guatemalteco.

Razas
Poitevino, raza canina de sabuesos.
Poitevin, raza de caballo.

Además
Marais Poitevin. Marisma de Poitou.
Poitevin-Santongés. Lengua románica de la familia de las lenguas de oïl.

Poitevin (desambiguación)


الأمير عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر (1906 - 1988) (هجري 1327-1409) أحد أمراء آل معمر في عهد الملك عبد العزيز. يعود نسبه إلى بني سعد بن زيد مناة بن تميم. ولد الأمير عبد العزيز في مدينة عنيزة أثناء إمارة والده للقصيم، تزوج والده الأمير فهد بن عبد العزيز بن معمر من نورة بنت صالح بن معمر، فأنجبت له عبد العزيز وهو الابن الوحيد.

طفولته وتعليمه
تلقى تعليمه على يد محمد بن هويمل. فتعلم القراءة والكتابة وختم القرآن الكريم، كانت القصيم في تلك الفترة ساحة معارك طاحنة مع قوات حائل فتأثر بالجو المحيط به وفأظهر اهتماماً بتلك المعارك وصحب والده في أكثر من غزوة وسرية وأكسبه التصاقه بوالده حب الكفاح والشجاعة فتعلم الرماية وركوب الخيل، وكان مع والده أثناء حصار حائل، كان عمره 12 سنة عندما قتل والده عام 1339هـ وبعد ذلك أقام فترة قصيرة في بريدة ثم انتقل إلى الرياض، وكان محط عناية الملك عبد العزيز الشخصية وفاء لوالده رفيق جهاده وأحد قادته المخلصين، أمر الملك عبد العزيز بإسكانه في أحد المنازل القريبة من قصره واعتبره ابناً له ورباه مع ابنيه الأمير محمد والملك خالد، وكان يتردد على مجلس الملك عبد العزيز بشكل دائم.

حياته وإمارته
لما رأى الملك عبد العزيز منه الذكاء والقدرة والكفاءة على تحمل المسؤولية أمر بتعينه قائداً لفرقة من الفرسان أثناء حصار جدة عامي 1343هـ، 1344هـ وكان عمره آنذاك 17 عاماً فشارك في حصار جدة إلى أن دخلها مع الملك عبد العزيز بعد حصار دام عاماً كاملاً. كما شارك كفارس في معركة السبلة عام 1347هـ وشارك أيضا مع الأمير محمد بن عبد العزيز أثناء مطاردة فلول المنهزمين في تلك المعركة.

وفي 21 صفر من عام 1348هـ أصدر الملك عبد العزيز أمرا بتعيينه أميراً لينبع خلفاً لصالح العصيمي، ثم نقل من ينبع وعين أميراً لجدة في 21 ربيع الثاني 1351هـ، ثم عين أميراً للطائف في 1 ربيع الأول 1354هـ، خلفاً لأمير الطائف السابق الأمير عبد اللّه بن محمد بن معمر.

صفاته
كان الأمير عبد العزيز طويل القامة وسيما مهاباً شهماً كريماً، وكان ذا جلد وصبر، وحلم وتواضع وعزة نفس، رثاه الأستاذ عبد الرحمن بن فيصل بن معمر حيث قال فيه:

كان أيضا مخلصاً نشيطاً ساهراً على المصلحة العامة. تحدث عن مآثره كل من سعد الرويشد وعبد الله بن خميس في صحيفة عكاظ، وتحدث عنه أيضا في صحيفة الجزيرة كل من عبد المغني أمين وعبد اللّه بن محمد بن مجفل أمير عشيرة الذي رثاه قائلا:

أسرته
تزوج الأمير عبد العزيز من (حصة بنت عبد الله بن محمد بن معمر) وأنجب منها:

 الأميرة الجوهرة بنت عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر: تزوجت من عبد الرحمن بن فيصل بن عبد الرحمن بن معمر.

كما تزوج من (الجوهرة بنت عبد العزيز آل مقبل) وانجب منها:

 فهد بن عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر: أمير الطائف.
 عبد الله بن عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر: وزير الزراعة والمياه والسفير السابق في دولة الإمارات.
 محمد بن عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر: عضـو مجـلس الشورى ووكيل وزارة النقل السابق.

 سعود بن عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر: توفي في شبابه.

 الأميرة طرفة بنت عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر: تزوجت من الملك فهد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود، وأنجبت منه الأميرة لولوة (والدة الأمير فيصل بن خالد بن سلطان بن عبد العزيز).
 الأميرة نورة بنت عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر: تزوجت من الأمير ناصر بن عبد العزيز آل سعود، وأنجبت منه الأمير ثامر والأميرة هيفاء.
 الأميرة منيرة بنت عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر: تزوجت من الأمير مشهور بن عبدالعزيز آل سعود.

وتزوج من نوره الشبيلي وأنجب منها:
 الأميرة حصه بنت عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر: تزوجت من عبد الرحمن بن عبد العزيز بن عبد الرحمن بن معمر. وأنجبت منه الدكتور خالد.

توفي للأمير عبد العزيز بن فهد عدد من الأبناء أثناء حياته منهم فهد الأول وعبد الرحمن ومحمد الأول الذين ماتوا صغاراً.

وفاته
أثناء إمارته للطائف أصيب بمرض، فسافر لتلقي العلاج في الهند، ولكن الأدوية التي استخدمها في الهند اثرت بشكل سلبي عليه حيث سببت له ضعفا تدريجيا في حاسة السمع. سافر بعدها إلى الولايات المتحدة لاستكمال العلاج فلم تتحسن حالته، فعاد إلى الطائف وصبر واحتسب وقام بأعباء الإمارة ومسؤولياتها مدة طويلة، إلى أن أحيل إلى التقاعد بناءا على طلبه عام 1384هـ، أحب عبد العزيز الطائف فاتخذها سكناً له، فكان يستقبل الناس ويسهم في حل مشاكلهم، كان له دار ضيافة يستقبل ضيوفه فيها ويسكنهم بها، وعين من يخدمهم وهيأ أسباب الراحة لهم.

توفي الأمير عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر بعد أن تمكن منه المرض عصر يوم السبت الموافق 12 رجب 1409هـ (18 فبراير 1989). وصلى عليه ظهر اليوم التالي في مسجد ابن العباس، وشارك في الصلاة عليه وتشييعه عدد كبير من أفراد أسرته والمسؤولين والأعيان وأهالي الطائف والقرى المحيطة بها.

مراجع

أمراء سعوديون

عبد العزيز بن فهد بن معمر


Tuisila Kisinda, né le 20 décembre 1999 à Kinshasa, est un footballeur congolais qui évolue au poste d'ailier avec la RS Berkane.

Biographie

Carrière en club
Tuisila Kisinda est formé à l'AS Vita Club. Le 17 août 2020, il signe un contrat d'une saison à Young Africans.

Le 11 août 2021, il signe un contrat de deux saisons à la RS Berkane. Le 12 septembre 2021, il dispute son premier match dans le championnat marocain face au Maghreb de Fes (match nul, 0-0). Le 29 décembre 2021, il marque son premier but face au Youssoufia Berrechid (victoire, 4-1). Le 20 mai 2022, il remporte la Coupe de la confédération après une victoire après une séance de penaltys face à l'Orlando Pirates. Il entre en jeu à la 108ème minute à la place de Chadrack Muzungu.

Palmarès

En club
 RS Berkane
 Coupe de la confédération (1) :
 Vainqueur : 2021-22

Références

Liens externes

Footballeur congolais (RDC)
Joueur de l'AS Vita Club
Joueur de la Renaissance sportive de Berkane
Naissance en décembre 1999
Naissance à Kinshasa

Tuisila Kisinda


බුධ යනු හිරුගේ සිට පළමු වැනියට පිහිටි සෞරග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලයේ කුඩාම ග්‍රහලෝකය වේ. හිරුට ආසන්නයේම පිහිටා අති මෙය කි.මි.4,887 ක විශ්කම්භයකින් යුක්තය. අධික උෂ්ණත්වයකින් යුතු මෙම ග්‍රහයා තුල ජලය නොමැත.දිවාකාලයේ උෂ්ණත්වය කෙල්වින් 673කි.එය රාත්‍රියට 175 කි. මෙහි ජීවී වාසයක් නොමැත. මෙහි චුම්බක ක්ෂේත්‍රය පෘථිවිය මෙන් 1% කි.අභ්‍යන්තර මදය ද්‍රව යකඩවලින් සමන්විත වීම එයට හේතුවයි. ඉලිප්සාකාර කක්ෂයක සූර්යයා වටා ගමන් කරන බුධ ග්‍රහයා තමා වටා භ්‍රමණය වීමට පෘථිවි දින 58ක් සහ පැය 15ක් ගත වන අතර සූර්යයා වටා එක් වරක් භ්‍රමණය වීමට දින 88ක් ගත වේ.

භෞතික ලෙස බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ පෙනුම චන්ද්‍රයාගේ පෙනුමට සමාන වේ. එය ආවාට විශාල ප්‍රමාණයකින් සමන්විත අතර ස්වභාවික චන්ද්‍රිකා හෝ එහි වායුගෝලයක් ඇති බව සනාථ වී නැත. බුධ ග්‍රහයා සතුව විශාල යකඩ හරයක් ඇති අතර එමඟින් පෘථිවි‍යේ චුම්බක ක්ෂේත්‍රයෙන් 1% ක් පමණ වන චුම්බක ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් උත්පාදනය කරයි. එය අසාමාන්‍ය ලෙස ඝන ග්‍රහයක් වී ඇත්තේ එහි හරය විශාල වීම නිසාය. බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ මතුපිට උෂ්ණත්වය 90 – 700 k ( -180 සිට 430 සෙල්සියස්) දක්වා වන අතර සුර්යයාට පහලින් ඇති ලක්ෂය උණුසුමින් වැඩිම ස්ථානය වන අතර ධ්‍රැව අසල ඇති ආවාටවල පතුල සීතලම ස්ථානය වේ.

බුධ ග්‍රහයා පිළිබඳ සිදුකර ඇති වාර්තාගත නිරීක්ෂණ ක්‍රිස්තු පූර්ව පළමු සහශ්‍රය දක්වා දිව යන අතර ක්‍රිස්තු පූර්ව හතරවන සියවසට පෙර ග්‍රීක තාරකා විද්‍යාඥයින් විසින් විශ්වාස කලේ එම ග්‍රහයා වස්තුන් දෙකක් බවය. උදෑසන ඉර නැගෙන විට පමණක් දුටු ග්‍රහයා ඇපලෝ ලෙසටත් ඉර බැස යන විට දුටු ග්‍රහයා හර්මිස් ලෙසත් ඔවුන් විසින් නම් කරන ලදි. Mercury නමැති බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ ඉංග්‍රීසි නම රෝමානු ජාතිකයන් විසින් තබන ලද අතර ඔවුහු එය නම් කළේ රෝමානු දෙවි මර්කරි සිහිපත් වීමට ය. ඔවුහු එය ග්‍රීක දෙව් හර්මිස්ට සම කළහ. බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ තාරකා ලකුණ ලෙස භාවිතා වන්නේ නවීකරණය කරන ලද හර්මිස්ගේ Caduceus එකය.

 බුධ ග්‍රහයාට උප ග්‍රහයන් නැත.මතුපිට ගිනි කඳු පිපිරීමෙන් නිර්මාණය වූ ආවාට (craters)වලින් යුක්තය.වායු ගෝලයක් නොමැති බැවින් ග්‍රහක සහ උල්කාපාත කඩා වැටීමේ අවදානම වැඩිය.බුධ ග්‍රහයා අභ්‍යන්තර ග්‍රහලෝකයක් ලෙස හැදින්වේ.

අභ්‍යන්තර ව්‍යුහය
පෘථිවිය වැනි පාෂාණමය දේහයක් සහිත බුධ ග්‍රහයා භෞමික ග්‍රහයින් හතරෙන් එකකි. කුඩාම භෞමික ග්‍රහයා මෙය වන අතර එහි සමකය හරහා විෂ්කම්භය 4879 km වේ. බුධ ග්‍රහයා සෞරග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලයේ විශාලතම ස්වභාවික චන්ද්‍රිකා වන ගැනීමීඩ් සහ ටයිටන් වලට වඩා ප්‍රමාණයෙන් කුඩා ය. බුධ ග්‍රහයා 70% ක් ලෝහ වලින් සහ 30% ක් සිලිකාමය ද්‍රව්‍ය වලින් සමන්විත වේ. මෙම ග්‍රහයාගේ ඝනත්වය (5.43 g/cm3), සෞරග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලයේ ග්‍රහයන්ගෙන් දෙවැනියට වැඩිම ඝනත්වය වේ. එය පෘථිවියේ ඝනත්වයට වඩා අඩු වන්නේ ස්වල්ප වශයෙනි. ගුරුත්වාකර්ෂණ සංකෝචන බලපෑම ඉවත් කළහොත් බුධ ග්‍රහයා සෑදි ඇති ද්‍රව්‍ය තවත් ඝනත්වයෙන් වැඩි වන අතර සංකෝචනය නොවු ඝනත්වය 5.3g/cm3 වන අතර එවිට පෘථිවියේ ඝනත්වය 4.4g/cm3 වේ.

1.ක‍බොල්ල	 100 – 200 km ඝනකමින් යුක්තය

2.ප්‍රාවරණය	 600 km ඝනකමින් යුක්තය

3.හරය 	 1800 km අරයක් සහිතය

බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ ඝනත්වය මඟින් එහි අභ්‍යන්තර ව්‍යුහය පිළිබඳ නිගමන ලබා ගත හැකිය. පෘථිවියේ වැඩි ඝනත්වයට හේතුව ගුරුත්වාකර්ෂණ සංකෝචනය වන අතර බුධ ග්‍රහයා ඊට වඩා ඉතා කුඩා වන අතර ඇතුලු ප්‍ර‍දේශ එතරම් තදින් සංකෝචනය වී නැත. එබැවින් එයට මෙතරම් ඉහළ ඝනත්වයක් හිමිවන්නට නම් එහි හරය විශාලවීම සහ යකඩ වලින් පිරී තිබිය යුතුය. භූ විද්‍යාඥයින් විසින් ඇස්තමේන්තු කර ඇති ආකාරයට බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ හරය එහි පරිමාවෙන් 42% ක් වන අතර පෘථිවිය සදහා මෙම ප්‍රතිශතය 17% කි. මෑත කාලීන පර්යේෂණ වලින් හෙළි වන්නේ බුධ ග්‍රහයා සතුව ද්‍රව වූ හරයක් ඇති බවයි.

හරය වටා කි.මී. 600 ක ප්‍රාවරණය ඇති අතර ඉතිහාසයේ දී බුධ ග්‍රහයා සමග විශාල දේහයක් ගැටීමෙන් එහි මුල් මැන්ටල ද්‍රව්‍ය බොහොමයක් ඉන් ඉවත් වී විශාල හරයට සාපේක්ෂව තුනී ප්‍රාවරණයක් ඉතිරි වන්නට ඇතැයි විශ්වාස කෙරේ.

බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ ක‍බොල්ල කි.මී. 100-200 දක්වා ඝනකමකින් යුක්තය. බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ මතුපිට පෘෂ්ඨයේ ඇති එක් විශේෂ ලක්ෂණයක් වන්නේ කිලෝමීටර ගණනාවක් දුරට විහිදෙන හෙල්වැටි දක්නට ලැබීමය. බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ කබොල්ල ඝන තත්වයේ පවතින අවස්ථා‍වේදී එහි හරය සහ ප්‍රාවරණය සීතලවී සංකෝචනය වීම නිසා මෙම හෙල්වැටි සෑදෙන්නට ඇති බව විශ්වාස කෙරේ.

සෞරග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලයේ ඇති අනෙකුත් ප්‍රධාන ග්‍රහයන් සැමට වඩා වැඩි යකඩ සංයුතියක් බුධ ග්‍රහයා සතුය. මෙය පැහැදිලි කිරීමට මත බොහොමයක් ඉදීරිපත් වී ඇත. බොහෝ දෙනා විසින් පිලිගත් මතය වන්නේ මුල් කාලයේ දී බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ ලෝහ - සිලිකා අනුපාතය සාමාන්‍ය කොන්ඩ්‍රයිට් ධූම කේතු වලට සමාන වන්නට ඇති බවය. මෙම අනුපාතය සෞරග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලයේ ඇති සාමාන්‍ය පාෂාණ ද්‍රව්‍ය වල ලක්ෂණයක් බවට විශ්වාස කෙ‍රේ. කෙසේ නමුදු සෞරග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලයේ මුල් ඉතිහාසයේ දී බුධ ග්‍රහයා සමග ඇති වූ ගට්ටනයකින් එහි මුල් ප්‍රාවරණය සහ කබොල්ලෙන් වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් ගැලවී ගොස් හරය වැඩි වශයෙන් ඉතිරිවන්නට ඇත. පෘථිවි චන්ද්‍රයා සෑදුනු අයුරු පැහැදිලි කිරීමටත් මෙවැනිම ක්‍රියාවලියක් යෝජනා වී ඇත.

පෘෂ්ඨයේ භූ විද්‍යාව

බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ මතුපිට පෘෂ්ඨය චන්ද්‍රයාගේ පෘෂ්ඨයට සමාන වන අතර, විශාල තැනිතලා සහ ගැඹුරු ආවාට වලින් සමන්විත ය. ඉන් පෙනී යන්නේ එය වසර බිලියන ගණනක් තිස්සේ භූ විද්‍යාත්මකව නිෂ්ක්‍රීයව තිබී ඇති බවය. බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ භූ විද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ අපගේ දැනුම 1975 මරිනර් යානය මත හා භෞමික නිර්ක්ෂණ මත තීරණය වී ඇති බැවින් භෞමික ග්‍රහයින්ගෙන් අවම ලෙස තේරුම් ගෙන ඇති ග්‍රහයා මෙය වේ. මෑතක දී ගුවන්ගත කල Messenger අභ්‍යවකාශ යානයෙන් ලැබෙන දත්ත මඟින් මේ පිළිබඳව දැනුම වැඩි දියුණු වනු ඇත. උදාහරණ ලෙස මකුලුවෙක් (Spider) ලෙස හඳුන්වන විහිදී යන ද්‍රෝණිකා සහිත අසාමාන්‍ය ආවාටයක් විද්‍යාඥයින් විසින් සොයා ගෙන ඇත.

වසර බිලියන 4.6 කට පෙර බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ බිහිවීමෙන් ඉතා කෙටි කලක් තුල වල්ගාතරු හා ග්‍රහකවලින් බරපතල ප්‍රහාර එයට එල්ල වී තිබේ. ඉන්පසුව ද වරින් වර බරපතල ප්‍රහාරවලට එය ලක් වී තිබේ.

එම කාලයේදී ඉතා දරුණු ලෙස ග්‍රහ පෘෂ්ඨය මත ආවාට සෑදී ඇති අතර එය වෙත පැමිණෙන වස්තූන්ගේ වේගය අඩු කිරීමට හැකි වායුගෝලයක් බුධ ග්‍රහයා සතු නොවීම නිසා එහි මුළු පෘෂ්ඨයෙහිම පාහේ ආවාට සෑදී ඇත. මේ කාලයේ දී එහි ගිනි කඳු ක්‍රියාකාරී වූ අතර 'ක‍රෝලිස් බේසම' වැනි ආවාට සම්පූර්ණයෙන් ම ලෝ දිය (මැග්මා) වලින් පිරී ගොස් සද තලා බිම් බවට පත් වී ඇත.

වායුගෝලය
දීර්ඝ කාලයක් තිස්සේ සැලකිය යුතු වායු ගෝලයක් රදවා ගැනීමට බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ ගුරුත්වය ප්‍රමාණවත් නොවෙයි. හයිඩ්‍රජඩන්, හීලියම්, ඔක්සිජන්, සෝඩියම්, කැල්සියම් හා පොටෑසියම් අඩංගු විරල වායුගෝලයක් බුධ සතුය. එහි වායු ගෝලය අස්ථායීය. පරමාණු අඛණ්ඩව ක්ෂය වන අතර විවිධාකාර ප්‍රභව මගින් යලි පිරවේ. හයිඩ්‍රජන් හා හීලියම් පරමාණු ඇතැම් විට පැමිණෙන්නේ අභ්‍යවකාශයට ඇදී යාමට පෙර සුර්යය සුළං බුධගේ චුම්භක ගෝලය තුළට විසරණය වීමෙනි. හීලියම්, සෝඩියම් හා පොටෑසියම් සදහා තවත් ප්‍රභවයක් වන්නේ බුධගේ කබෝල්ල තුළ ඇති මූලද්‍රව්‍යයන්ගේ විකිරණශීලි ක්ෂය වීමයි. බුධ මතුපිට උල්කාශ්ම ගැටීම නිසා පැමිණි ජල වාෂ්පද ඇතැම් විට දැක ගත හැක.

චුම්භක ක්ෂේත්‍රය හා චුම්භක ගෝලය දින 59 ක සෙමින් සිදු වන භ්‍රමණයක් පවතී. බුධට සැලකිය යුතු දළ වශයෙන් ගෝලීය චුම්භක ක්ෂේත්‍රයක් ඇත. මැරීනර් 10 මගින් ලබාගත් මිනුම් අනුව එය පෘථිවිය මෙන් 1.1% වාරයක් ප්‍රබල වේ. බුධගේ චුම්භක ක්ෂේත්‍රය ද්වීද්‍රවීය වන අතර ග්‍රහලෝකයේ භ්‍රමණ අක්ෂය සමග ඒක රේඛීය වේ. මෙම ක්ෂේත්‍රයද පෘථිවි චුම්භක ක්ෂේත්‍රය මෙන්ම උත්පාදනය වී ඇති බව පෙනේ. ද්‍රව හර අමුද්‍රව්‍යයන් හෝ අඩ වශයෙන් ඝන හරයක් වටකරගත් ජනකයකින් එය උත්පාදනය වී ඇත. එහි ද්‍රව්‍ය පවත්වා ගැනීමට සැකසී ඇති යාන්ත්‍රණයක් නම් ඉහළ කාක්ෂික විකේන්ද්‍රතාවක් පවතින කාලවලදී ප්‍රබල උදම් ආචරණයන් ඇතිවීමය.

බුධගේ චුම්භක ක්ෂේත්‍රය ග්‍රහලෝකය වටා පවතින සුර්යය සුළං පරාවර්තනයට ප්‍රමාණවත්ය. එමගින් චුම්භක ගෝලය ඇති වේ. එයද චුම්භක ගෝලය තුළදී සුර්යය සුළං ප්ලස්මාවන් රදවා ගැනීමට සමත් වන අතර එය ග්‍රහලෝකයේ කාලගුණ වෙනස්වීම්වලට දායකවේ.

නිරීක්ෂණය කිරිම

බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ දීප්තිය - 2.0 සිට 5.5 දක්වා වන අතර එය සීරියස්ට වඩා දීප්තිමත් බවින් වැඩිය. බුධ ග්‍රහයා සූර්යයාට ආසන්නව පිහිටන නිසා සුර්යයාගේ දීප්තියට මුවා වීමෙන් එය නිරීක්ෂණය කිරීමට අපහසු වේ. එය නිරික්ෂණය කල හැක්කේ හිමිදිරි පාන්දර හෝ සවස් කාලයේ දී කෙටි කාල පරිච්ඡේදයක දී පමණි. හබල් ස්පේස් දුරදක්නයෙන් එය කිසිලෙසකින්වත් නිරීක්ෂණය කල නොහැකිය. ඒ දුරදක්නය සතුව සූර්යයාට ඉතා සමීපයෙන් එය නාභිගත වීම වළක්වන ආරක්ෂක උපක්‍රමයක් ඇති බැවිනි.

චන්ද්‍රයා මෙන් බුධ ග්‍රහයාද පෘථිවියේ සිට බලන කල විවිධ අවධි පෙන්නුම් කරයි. අධර හමුවීමේ දී එය අලුත් වන අතර උත්තර හමුවීමේ දී එය සම්පූර්ණ වේ. මෙම අවස්ථා දෙකේදීම එය නොපෙනී යයි.

බුධ ග්‍රහයාගේ අධර හමුවීම සෑම දින 116 කට වරක් ම සිදුවේ. නමුත් මෙම කාල පරාසය දින 111 සිට 121 දක්වා විය හැකිය. බුධ ග්‍රහයා පෘථිවියට ආසන්නවම පැමිණෙන විට පෘථිවිය හා එය අතර දුර 82 Gm වේ.

පෘථිවියේ දක්ෂිණ අර්ධගෝලයට වඩා හොඳින් උත්තර අර්ධගෝලයේ සිට බුධ ග්‍රහයා දැකගත හැකිය. වෙනත් ග්‍රහලෝක බොහොමයක් මෙන්ම බුධ ග්‍රහයාද පූර්ණ සූර්ය ග්‍රහණයක දී දැක ගැනීමට පුළුවනි.

බුධ ග්‍රහයා පෘථිවියේ සිට බලන කල වැඩි ම දීප්තියකින් දිස්වන්නේ එහි හතරෙන් පංගුවක අවධියේ සිට සම්පූර්ණ වන අවධිය අතරතුරේ දීය. මේ අවධියේ දී පෘථිවියේ සිට බුධ ග්‍රහයාට ඇති දුර වැඩි නමුත් ග්‍රහ පෘෂ්ඨයේ වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් ආලෝකමත් වන බැවින් මේ අවධියේ දී වැඩිම දීප්තියකින් දිස් වේ. නමුත් සිකුරු ග්‍රහයා සැලකු විට නම් වැඩිම දීප්තියක් දක්නට ලැබෙන්නේ පෘථිවියේ සිට අවම දුරකින් පිහිටන අඩ සඳ හැඩැති අවධියේ දීය.

කාක්ෂික හා භ්‍රමණය
ග්‍රහලෝක අතර වඩාත් විකේන්ද්‍රික වන්නේ බුධගේ කාක්ෂිකයයි. සුර්යයාගේ සිට දුර කිලෝමීටර් මිලියන 46 සිට 70 දක්වා විචලනය වන එහි විකේන්ද්‍රිකතාව 0.21 කි. කාක්ෂිකය සම්පුර්ණ කිරීමට දින 88 ක් ගත වේ. ජ්‍යාමිතික වාන්තාකාර කාක්ෂිකය එකම උප ප්‍රධාන අක්ෂ දරයි. උප හේලිකය ආසන්නයේදී ග්‍රහලෝකයේ ඉහළ ප්‍රවේගය සෑම දින 5 ක කාලපරාසයකටම එය ආවරණය කරන විශාල දුරින් පැහැදිලි වේ. ගෝල වල ප්‍රමාණයන් ඒවායේ හිරුගේ සිට ඇති දුරට ප්‍රතිලෝමව සමානුපාතික වේ. සුර්යය කේන්ද්‍රික විචලනය වන දුර ප්‍රමාණයන් නිරූපණයට එය යොදා ගනී. භ්‍රමණ කාක්ෂික අනුනාදය 3:2 වන ග්‍රහලෝකයේ අක්ෂය වටා භ්‍රමණය සුර්යයා ගේ සිට විචලනය වන දුර සමග සංයෝජනය වී ඇති අතර මතුපිට උෂ්ණත්වයේ සංකිර්ණ විචලතාවයන් ඇති කරයි.

බුධගේ කාක්ෂිකය පෘතුවි කාක්ෂික තලයට අංශක 7 ක් ආනත වන අතර එය රූපයේ වම්පස දක්වා ඇත. එහි ප්‍රතිඵලයක් වශයෙන් සුර්යයාගේ මුහුණත හරහා බුධගේ සම්ප්‍රේෂණයන් ඇති වන්නෙ‍් ග්‍රහලෝකය සුර්යයා හා පෘතුවිය අතර පවතින එහි තලය හරහා යන විට පමණි. මෙය දළ වශයෙන් අවුරුදු 7 කට වරක් ඇති වෙයි.

බුධගේ අක්ෂයේ ආනතිය 0.01 අංශක පමණක් වේ. මෙය බ්‍රහස්පතිට වඩා 300 වාරයක් කුඩා වේ. එය දෙවන කුඩාතම අක්ෂයේ ආනතිය දරණ ග්‍රහලෝකය වන අතර ආනතිය අංශක 3.1 කි. මෙහි අර්ථය වන්නේ ප්‍රදේශීය මධ්‍යන්‍යයේදී බුධගේ සමකයේ සිටින නිරීක්ෂකයෙකුට ශිකරයෙන් උතුරට හෝ දකුණට අංශක 0.01 කට වඩා  කිසිදා හිරු දැක ගත නොහැක. විලෝමය වශයෙන් ධ්‍රැවයන් අසලදී සුර්යයා අංශක 0.01 කට වඩා කිසිදා ශිතිජයෙන් ඉහළ නොනගී.

බුධගේ මතුපිට ඇතැම් තැන්වල නිරීක්ෂකයෙකුට හිරු අඩක් නගිනු දැක ගත හැකිය. ඒ අතරම යලිත් හිරු නැගීමට පෙර එය ආපසු බැසීම දැක ගත හැකිය. මේ සියල්ල බුධගේ එක් දිනයක් තුළ දැක ගත හැක. මීට හේතු වන්නේ උපහේලිකයට දින 4 ක‍ට පෙර බුධගේ කෝණික කාක්ෂික ප්‍රවේගය එහි කෝණික භ්‍රමණ ප්‍රවේගයට සර්වසම වන බැවින් උප හේලිකයේදී සුර්යයාගේ දෘෂ්‍ය චලනයක් දැක ගත නොහැකි බැවිනි. බුදගේ කෝණික කාක්ෂික ප්‍රවේගය ඉන් අනතුරුව කෝනික භ්‍රමණ ප්‍රවේගය ඉක්මවා යයි. එබැවින් හිරු දිස් වන්නේ ප්‍රතිගාමි දිශාවලක ගමන් කරන ලෙසය. මෙම ලක්ෂ්‍ය වලදී උපහේලිකයෙන් දින 4 කට පසුව සුර්යයාගේ සාමාන්‍ය දෘෂ්‍ය චලනය යලි ලගා කර ගැනේ.

බාහිර සබැදි
 Atlas of Mercury—NASA
 Gazeteer of Planetary Nomenclature - Mercury (USGS)
 SolarViews.com—Mercury
 Astronomy Cast: Mercury
 Geody Mercury World's search engine that supports NASA World Wind, Celestia, and other applications.
 A Day On Mercury flash animation
 Mercury articles in Planetary Science Research Discoveries
 'BepiColombo', ESA's Mercury Mission
 'Messenger', NASA's Mercury Mission

ආශ්‍රිත

සෞරග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලයේ ග්‍රහලෝක
ග්‍රහලෝක
සෞරග්‍රහ මණ්ඩලය
තාරකා විද්‍යාව

බුධ


ශ්‍රී ලංකාව තුළ ගාස්තු රහිත සහ සැමට පහසුකම් සපයන සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා පද්ධතියක් ඇත. ඉහළ ආයු අපේක්ෂාව සහ අසල්වැසි රටවලට වඩා අඩු මාතෘ හා ළදරු මරණ අනුපාත හේතු කොටගෙන, එය සෞඛ්‍ය සේවයේ කලාපීය සාමාන්‍යයට වඩා ඉහළ මට්ටමක පවතී යැයි සැලකෙයි. එය ලොව පැරණිතම සෞඛ්‍ය සේවා පද්ධතියක් බවට ප්‍රසිද්ධිය උසුලන අතර, එය තුළ දේශීය වෛද්‍ය ක්‍රමයක් ද ඇත.

ඉතිහාසය

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 Health in Sri Lanka
 Sri Lanka Medical Council
 Sri Lanka National Pharmaceuticals Policy

මූලාශ්‍ර

භාහිර සබැඳි
 WHO: Sri Lanka
 Ministry of Health - Sri Lanka
 WHO | Sri Lanka Health Profile

Healthcare in Sri Lanka


7802 Takiguchi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
7802 Takiguchi este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Ōizumi de Takao Kobayashi. El prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,43 ua, o excentricitate de 0,19 și o înclinație de 2,2° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 7001-8000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1996
Centura de asteroizi

7802 Takiguchi


المهرجان السينمائي الأمازيغي تظاهرة أمازيغية سنوية تنظم بالمغرب، هدفها تنمية السينما الناطقة باللغة الأمازيغية. وتشارك في المهرجان أفلام من المغرب والجزائر وليبيا.

مهرجانات سينمائية في المغرب

المهرجان الوطني للفيلم الأمازيغي


An Muhlenbergia frondosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Jean Louis Marie Poiret, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Merritt Lyndon Fernald. An Muhlenbergia frondosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Muhlenbergia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Muhlenbergia

Muhlenbergia frondosa


Nopling je splitski alternativni/garažni rock sastav. Djeluje od početka 1990-ih godina.

Povijest
Sastav je nastao oko Mikija Noplinga. Kao u klasičnoj pripovijesti o svim rock glazbenicima, buntovan, neshvaćen od dijela okružja, bunt je pretočio u energični zvučni i scenski nastup. Prijatelje je pretvorio u glazbenike i okupio ih u sastav Nopling. Sastav je dobio ime od "no-pling" - "ništa lagano". Uskoro su postali glavna atrakcija splitskog glazbenog undergrounda, kao i u splitskoj okolici. Prvu su demosnimku snimili 1992. za pjesmu Odlazim. Proslijedili su ju po lokalnim radijskim postajama kojih je tad bilo mnogo u Splitu i okolici. Iznenađujuće su uspjeli pored toliko etabliranih domaćih i inozemnih imena. Na službenoj top-ljestvici Radio Splita bili su treći i to su mjesto držali nekoliko tjedana. Na splitskom Radio M-u, tada pravom hit-radiju u krugovima splitske mladeži urbanog đira, bili su na prvom mjestu što je pjesmu pretvara postala 1. lokalni hit s kojim su osvojili gitarijade i publiku. Prvi su videospot snimili 1993. za pjesmu Nisam ja kriv. Spot su gledatelji povezivali s drogom, onda istoznačnicom Split. Spot je bio zapažen na HRT-u. Prvi album zvukom je podsjećao na GNR, Nirvanu, Pearl Jam, a Darko Glavan ga je ocijenio kao jedan od najboljih nastupnih albuma u cjelokupnoj hrvatskoj diskografiji. Ostvarili su još nekoliko nastupa na HRT-u.

Članovi
Sadašnji članovi su:
 Miki F. Nopling - vokail, gitara, klavijature
 Siniša Marić - bas-gitara
 Marko Bilan - bubnjevi

Diskografija
Demo
 Odlazim, 1992.
Albumi
 Guf, 1998. (sniman u studiju Deva)
 9 Krug, 2000. (sniman u studiju Tome Mrduljaša)

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Službena stranica, Facebook
Službena stranica, MySpace
stajnerrecords, YouTube
Miki Nopling na Twitteru
Legends bar  by Miki Nopling, Kanal 5

Hrvatski rock-sastavi
Splitski glazbeni sastavi

Nopling


"Drumroll, Please" es el episodio #13 de la primera temporada de How I Met Your Mother. Se transmitió el 23 de enero de 2006.

Trama
En la boda de sus amigos Claudia y Stuart, Ted está decepcionado y solo después que Robin cancelase su cita debido al trabajo. Pero Ted ve a una mujer bonita en la sala y a la mañana siguiente le cuenta a Marshall y Lily que tuvo la noche más asombrosa de su vida. Luego comienza a contar la historia de su noche. Ted se acerca a la chica (Victoria), quien le advierte que nunca estuvo con alguien en las bodas ya que todo el romance de la boda no es real. Ted se acerca aún más con algo de coqueteo, así que ella sugiere un compromiso: pasarán el resto de la boda juntos y nunca se volverán a ver. Planean usar nombres falsos - Victoria dice que su nombre es Buttercup y Ted dice que es Lando Calrissian - pero Barney inmediatamente pasa por la mesa y llama a Ted por su nombre varias veces. Se ponen de acuerdo en decir sus nombres y no decir sus apellidos. Lily y Marshall interrumpen la historia para decirle a Ted que la idea fue estúpida, pero Ted defiende su decisión, diciendo que pasaron muy bien y él nunca verá a Victoria de nuevo y así el recuerdo no se arruina.

De regreso a su historia, Ted roba una botella de champán y Victoria roba el ramo de flores antes de desaparecer del salón en el hotel. Después que Victoria baila con la compañía de Ted, los dos se sientan en el piano y casi se besan. Victoria dice que no deberían besarse esa noche, que un beso malo puede arruinar el romance de la tarde. En su lugar, ella sugiere que "casi se besen" porque las partes emocionantes del beso son los momentos que lo llevan a él.

Marshall interrumpe la historia nuevamente y él y Lily le dicen a Ted que Victoria parece ser una chica asombrosa y que él es un idiota por no tener su número telefónico. Mientras Ted defiende el romance de su noche juntos, rápidamente se da cuenta de que quiere ver a Victoria de nuevo. Llama a Claudia para preguntar si sabe el apellido de Victoria, pero Claudia le dice que no había invitada llamada así en la boda. Recordando que Victoria estaba sentada en la mesa de las damas de honor, Ted llama a Barney para preguntarle si puede llamar a la dama de honor que él estaba viendo en la boda, para saber si ella conoce a Victoria. Después que Ted promete ir a Foxy Boxing con Barney, él llama a la dama de honor quién no sabe quién es Victoria. Pensando que no podrá encontrarla, Ted acepta la situación como el destino.

Robin pasa por lo de Ted, Lily y Marshall y le cuenta a Lily que, después de dar las noticias, ella es la nueva sustituta. Lily le dice a Robin la historia de la tarde romántica de Ted y Robin dice que sabe quién es Victoria. Lily le pregunta a Robin cómo puede saber, ya que ella no fue a la boda, y Robin le dice que ella fue tarde para sorprender a Ted. Ella vio a Ted y Victoria casi besándose, y se fue al baño de las chicas a llorar. Victoria escuchó a Robin llorar en un baño y trató de consolarla, dándole el ramo de flores. Robin dice que no está segura del por qué está llorando, y Lily dice que es obvio que lloró porque siente cosas por Ted. Robin finalmente admite que siente cosas por Ted, pero no piensa que sus sentimientos cambien ya que ella no quiere casarse y Ted sí. Robin dice que debería encontrar a Ted y decirle quién es Victoria, si es que eso lo hace feliz, pero Lily sugiere que Robin le diga que siente cosas por él, lo que también lo haría feliz. Robin deja el apartamento insegura de qué hacer.

En MacLaren's, Ted, Marshall, y Barney beben cuando Robin llega. Ella saca a Ted para hablar con él, cuando recibe una llamada de Claudia. Ella se disculpa por cortarle cuando llamó por Victoria. Con la insistencia de Marshall, Ted le pregunta a Claudia donde compró el pastel, y ella le dice que en una pastelería llamada The Buttercup Bakery. Recordando que Victoria dio Buttercup como su nombre ficticio, Ted se da cuenta de que no estuvo en la lista de invitados porque Victoria hizo el pastel. Ted quiere ir a encontrar a Victoria, pero Lily trata de detenerlo. Cuando Lily le dice a Robin que diga algo, Robin le dice que vaya a buscarla. Ted toma un taxi a la pastelería donde encuentra a Victoria. Cuando él entra, y Victoria lo ve, ella dice, "Gracias a Dios", y se besan.

Música
 Scott Joplin - "Entertainer".
 Michael Bublé - "You Don't Know Me".
 Pavement - "Spit on a Stranger".

Referencias

Episodios de How I Met Your Mother5

Drumroll, Please


Pentru orice alte utilizări ale numelui propriu Aura, a se vedea Aura (dezambiguizare).

Aura este o mică comunitate neîncorporată din districtul  (sau township-ul) Arvon din comitatul Baraga din statul american Michigan. Având coordonatele ,  localitatea se găsește la aproximativ 19 km (sau 12 mile) nord-est de localitatea L'Anse și la circa 6 km (sau 4 mile) est de Pequaming.

Geografie

Situată pe peninsula Abbaye, între golfurile (în engleză, bay/bays) Keweenaw și Huron, această mică comunitate de fermieri acoperă aproximativ 39 de km 2 (sau circa 15 mile pătrate), fiind situată în două districte diferite Arvon și L'Anse. Deși activitatea de cultivare a pământului a înregistrat scăderi constante de-a lungul ultimilor decenii, solul bogat de tip cleios, a fost istoric cultivat cu cartofi, fân, grâne și diverse tipuri de cereale.

Istoric

În anii 1870, pământul din peninsula Abbaye era proprietatea tribului de nativi americani cunoscuți ca Chippewa. În 1877, compania de prelucrare a lemnului Hebard and Thurberg Lumber a închiriat peninsula de șeful tribului, David King.

Aura de astăzi

Aura este cel mai bine cunoscut pentru festivalul său anual Aura Jamboree, un festival muzical (care durează mai multe zile), organizat în iulie, începând cu 1976, anul Bicentenarului Statelor Unite. Original, acest festival, care fusese axat pe muzică interpretată la vioară, cu melodii din mai multe țări ale lumii, a devenit mai lar, mai inclusiv. Muzica de astăzi a festivalului include genuri foarte la modă în Statele Unite, precum folk, jazz și bluegrass.

Referințe

Bibliografie

Legături externe

 Aura Jamboree
 Aura, Michigan -- pe Google Maps

Fondări în 1914
Comunități neîncorporate din comitatul Baraga, Michigan
Comunități neîncorporate din statul Michigan

Aura, Michigan


«Love etc.» es una canción del dúo de synthpop británico Pet Shop Boys incluido en su décimo álbum de estudio Yes. Fue lanzado como primer sencillo de este álbum el . También estuvo disponible en los EE.UU. y en las tiendas iTunes de Canadá a partir del 24 de marzo de 2009. Es el primer sencillo del dúo lanzado en los Estados Unidos, si bien como descarga digital, desde el lanzamiento de la canción «Break 4 Love» en 2001.

Antecedentes
La canción se basa en una pista instrumental perteneciente al equipo de productores Xenomania que ya había realizado antes con los Pet Shop Boys en el estudio. La pista fue pensado originalmente para otro proyecto de Xenomenia, pero la pista resultó del agrado del dúo. Fue coescrita por Pet Shop Boys junto a Xenomania, que a su vez, produjeron la canción. Pet Shop Boys describe «Love etc.» como "un himno post-estilo de vida que no suena a nada que hayamos hecho antes". La canción tuvo un gran éxito, especialmente en los Estados Unidos, donde la canción obtuvo el noveno número uno del dúo en el Hot Dance Club Songs, superando el récord de Depeche Mode, de un dúo o grupo que logra introducir la mayoría de sus grandes éxitos en el Billboard Dance Chart.

Video musical
El video musical fue dirigido por el artista holandés Han Hoogerbrugge. Es un animación basada en los videojuegos Sonic the Hedgehog y Pac Man. Mientras que el arte de tapa del sencillo, fue creado por Mark Farrow.

Lista de canciones
  – iTunes EP
 "Love etc." – 3:32
 "We're All Criminals Now" – 3:55
 "Gin and Jag" – 4:28

  /  – CD single – The Remixes
 "Love etc." (Álbum Versión) – 3:32
 "Love etc." (Pet Shop Boys Mix) – 6:17
 "Love etc." (Gui Boratto Remix) – 8:03
 "Love etc." (Kurd Maverick Remix) – 5:55
 "Love etc." (Frankmusik Star & Garter Dub) – 3:21
 "Love etc." (Kurd Maverick Dub) – 5:54

Posicionamiento en listas

Listas semanales

Listas anuales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 "Love Etc." en Discogs

Sencillos de 2009
Sencillos de pop
Sencillos número uno en la Dance Club Songs de Billboard
Sencillos de Pet Shop Boys
Canciones de Pet Shop Boys

Love etc.


පියංගල ආරණ්‍යය සේනාසනය ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ රජගලතැන්න ප්‍රදේශයේ පිහිටි පුරාණ ආරණ්‍ය සේනාසනයක් වේ. එය අම්පාර-මහියංගනය මාර්ගයේ, අම්පාර සිට කිලෝ මීටර 27ක් පමණ දුරින් පිහිටා ඇත. විහාරය ක්‍රි. පූ. පළමු සියවසේ ඉදිකරන ලද්දක් සේ සැළකේ.

ඉතිහාසමය සාධක

පියංගල ආරණ්‍යය සේනාසන පරිශ්‍රය තුල ගල්ලෙන් 50කට වඩා වැඩි ප්‍රමාණයක් දැකගත හැකි අතර ඉන් කිහිපයක හෙළිදරවු කරගත් බ්‍රාහ්මීය අක්ෂරයෙන් නිර්මිත ලෙන් ලිපි කිහිපයක් දැකගත හැකිවේ.

එල්ලාවල මේධානන්ද හිමියන්ට අනූව පියංගල විහාරයේ වූ ලිපි කිහිපයක් ඉතිහාසමය වශයෙන් වඩා වැඩි වටිනාකමක් දක්වයි. ඉන් එක් ලිපියක දුටුගැමුණු රජතුමාගේ දේවියක වූ රාජිතා නම් බිසවක් සම්බන්ධයෙනුත්, තවත් ලිපියක් දුටුගැමුණු රජුගේ දියණියක සම්බන්ධයෙනුත් තොරතුරු හෙලි කරයි. දුටුගැමුණු රජු වෙනුවෙන් පැහැදිලි ඉඩකඩක් වෙන්කොට ඇති මහාවං‍ශයේ පවා දුටුගැමුණු රජුගේ බිසව් සහ දරුවන් (සාලිය කුමරු හැරුණු විට) සම්බන්ධව පැහැදිලි සටහනක් නොතිබීම මීට හේතුව වී තිබේ.

ගැලරිය

මූලාශ්‍ර

රජමහා විහාර
අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ බෞද්ධ සිද්ධස්ථාන
අම්පාර දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ පුරාවිද්‍යා ආරක්‍ෂිත ස්මාරක

පියංගල ආරණ්‍ය සේනාසනය


Charles Caesar ( - ) de Benington, Hertfordshire est un député britannique, un avocat, un conservateur et un jacobite.

Jeunesse

Charles Caesar est le fils de Sir Charles Caesar de Benington. Il fait ses études au St Catharine's College de Cambridge et est admis au Middle Temple en 1690. Il hérite du domaine de Benington en 1694.

Carrière politique
Il entre au Parlement en 1701 en tant que député de Hertford. C'est un arrondissement où sa famille a une influence considérable, mais où il y a un différend en cours sur la franchise (la principale pomme de discorde étant de savoir si les hommes libres non résidents de la ville avaient le droit de voter). Presque toutes les élections se terminent par une pétition à la Chambre des communes contre le résultat, et les décisions sont prises pour des raisons partisanes plutôt que sur le fond de l'affaire. En 1708, César est battu aux élections générales par un certain Sir Thomas Clarke et pétitionne contre le résultat, bien qu'il retire sa pétition avant qu'aucune décision n'ait été prise.

Il regagne son siège en 1710 et sert comme trésorier de la marine dans l'administration du comte d'Oxford de 1711 à 1714, étant démis de ses fonctions lors de la succession hanovrienne. Aux élections générales de 1715, les Whigs obtiennent la majorité et bien que César ait été réélu pour Hertford, ses adversaires (Clarke en étant à nouveau un) adressent une pétition contre lui, alléguant des pots-de-vin et d'autres pratiques illégales, et le résultat est annulé. Bien que temporairement absent du Parlement, César reste actif dans la politique conservatrice et est un proche associé d'Oxford, étant un intermédiaire dans sa tentative d'obtenir le soutien de Charles XII de Suède pour la cause jacobite.

Lors de l'élection suivante, en 1722, César voit de nouveau son élection annulée, ne siégeant que quelques mois avant que le comité ne le considère comme n'ayant pas été dûment élu, et fait de nouveau siéger Sir Thomas Clarke. Cependant, après ce revers, César se présente à la place pour le comté lors de l'élection suivante et siège en tant que député du Hertfordshire pendant la majeure partie du reste de sa vie.

Vie privée
Il meurt en 1741 dans des difficultés financières, après avoir construit une nouvelle maison à Benington qui brûle en peu de temps. Il épouse, en 1702, Mary, la fille de Ralph Freman d'Aspenden Hall, Hertfordshire et a 2 fils et 2 filles. Le domaine de Benington est vendu par des administrateurs à Sir John Chesshyre en 1744 et la majeure partie des sommes restantes est donnée au fils aîné Charles pour rétablir un siège familial .

Références

Notes et références
 Robert Beatson, A Chronological Register of Both Houses of Parliament (Londres : Longman, Hurst, Res & Orme, 1807)
 Eveline Cruickshanks, "Religion and Royal Succession - The Rage of Party" dans Clyve Jones (éd. ), Britain in the First Age of Party: Essays Presented to Geoffrey Holmes (Londres: Continuum International, 1987)
 THB Oldfield, L'histoire représentative de la Grande-Bretagne et de l'Irlande (Londres : Baldwin, Cradock & Joy, 1816)
 Robert Walcott, La politique anglaise au début du XVIIIe siècle (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956)
 Titulaires d'une charge : Trésorier de la Marine

Liens externes

Membre du Middle Temple
Étudiant de St Catharine's College
Décès en avril 1741
Naissance en novembre 1673
Décès à 67 ans

Charles Caesar


Meldrick Taylor (born October 19, 1966) is an American former professional boxer who competed from 1984 to 2002. He held world championships in two weight classes, including the IBF junior welterweight title from 1988 to 1990, and the WBA welterweight title from 1991 to 1992. As an amateur, Taylor won a gold medal in the featherweight division at the 1984 Summer Olympics.

Amateur career
Taylor, one of many boxing champions hailing from the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, learned his craft in the gyms of his hometown and posted a 99-4 record as an amateur fighter. In 1984, Taylor earned a spot on the 1984 U.S. Olympic team at the age of 17, and claimed the gold medal in the featherweight division. Following his victory, he joined the professional ranks.

1984 Olympic results
Round of 64:
Round of 32: Defeated Nicolae Talpos (Romania) 5-0
Round of 16: Defeated Francisco Camacho (Mexico) 5-0
Quarterfinal: Defeated John Wanjau (Kenya) referee stopped contest in the third round
Semifinal: Defeated Omar Catari (Venezuela) 5-0
Final: Defeated Peter Konyegwachie (Nigeria) 5-0 (won gold medal)

In the American Olympic trials Taylor lost to Andrew Minsker, who then went on to win the trials. However, Taylor beat Minsker twice back to back to earn the spot in the Olympic box-offs.

Professional career
His early fights were against nondescript journeymen, but in his 12th fight, in May 1986, Taylor won a unanimous decision against fellow contender Harold Brazier and moved into the world rankings. On September 3, 1988, Taylor faced James (Buddy) McGirt for the IBF light welterweight title. He defeated McGirt by a technical knockout (TKO) in the 12th and final round to begin his first title reign.

Taylor vs. Chávez

Over the next 18 months, Taylor won four more fights, setting up a unification bout with the WBC light welterweight champion Julio César Chávez on March 17, 1990 in Las Vegas. Chavez had an aura of invincibility, he was considered the best fighter pound for pound in the world and also one of the most dangerous fighters in the sport. This fight drew huge media attention, as both men came in unbeaten (Taylor at 24-0-1 and Chávez at 66-0), and regarded as two of the best boxers in the world, regardless of weight class. Their fight was one of the most famous and controversial bouts in boxing history.

Taylor took control of the action early and began to build up a lead on the scorecards. However, Chávez proved to be a heavier puncher, and was slowly wearing Taylor down even as he lost rounds. Going to the 12th and final round, Taylor led by wide margins on two of the three scorecards, and his corner famously told him that he needed to win that round. Because of this, Taylor chose to continue fighting at close quarters with the hard-hitting Mexican champion. Chávez, realizing time was running out, came at Taylor aggressively in the last round. With 17 seconds left in the fight, Chávez floored Taylor. Taylor beat the 10-count and got back to his feet at six. Referee Richard Steele twice asked Taylor, "Are you ok?" Taylor did not respond and only looked at his corner. Steele waved the fight off with just two seconds left, awarding Chávez a win by TKO.

The controversy surrounding the stoppage continues to this day, and 10 years later, The Ring proclaimed it the "Fight of the Decade".

Many boxing fans believe that Taylor was essentially 'ruined' as a fighter because of this bout—due in part to the tremendous punishment taken at the hands of Chavez, including several fractures and some kidney damage (according to the HBO "Legendary Nights" episode mentioned before, he was taken to the hospital immediately after the Chavez bout—reportedly urinating blood.)

WBA welterweight champion
Taylor had lost his title, but not his desire. Feeling that having to make the 140 pound (64 kg) weight had weakened him against Chavez, Taylor moved up to welterweight (147 pounds) and decisioned undefeated Aaron Davis for the WBA welterweight title on January 19, 1991. He issued a challenge to Chávez for a rematch at 147 pounds, but the latter wouldn't move up in weight for many years. Taylor won three more fights before answering a challenge from world junior middleweight champion Terry Norris to fight for Norris' WBC title. Norris, a naturally bigger and stronger man, knocked Taylor out in the fourth round.

This marked the end of Taylor's career as a world-class fighter; he lost the welterweight crown to undefeated challenger Crisanto España in his next fight on Halloween night in 1992. Taylor won his following three fights, including a second-round knockout over number four ranked welterweight Chad Broussard. He got one more title shot, against Chávez on September 17, 1994 in Las Vegas, but, years removed from his prime, he was stopped by Chávez in the eighth round.  The fight was competitive, with Taylor getting off to a fast start.  But after a brutal sixth round, Taylor's legs became rubbery and he was stopped 2 rounds later. Taylor was suspended by The State Athletic Commission in 1997 for failing to appear at a bout in Altoona, PA. It was scheduled for April 6, 1997 against 18-0 Ken Sigurani In a 10-round welterweight event.

He fought off and on over the next couple of years, winning some fights and losing others, before retiring in 2002. He finished with a record of 38-8-1, (20 KOs).

During an episode of HBO's "Legendary Nights" in 2003, an interview with Taylor was shown, in which his speech was very slurred and difficult to understand. Many viewers were shocked and disturbed when they heard the way Taylor now speaks.  Indeed, the episode implicitly attributed this to pugilistic dementia—mentioning, time and again, how Taylor was well past his prime as a fighter.

Meldrick Taylor has written his autobiography, titled Two Seconds From Glory.

2019 arrest
Meldrick Taylor was arrested on Tuesday, June 4, 2019 in North Philadelphia morning after he allegedly threatened a man with a gun and engaged in a 90-minute standoff with police at his residence. Taylor was charged with aggravated assault, possession of an instrument of crime and terroristic threats. He was later released on an unsecured bond.

Personal
Meldrick Taylor has a twin brother, Eldrick, who was also briefly a professional boxer. Eldrick Taylor compiled a record of 0 wins and 1 loss. Another brother, Myron, competed as a professional boxer as well. Myron Taylor had a record of 29 wins (16 by knockout), 9 losses and one draw (tie), and who once challenged for a world title.

Professional boxing record

References

External links

1966 births
Living people
African-American boxers
Olympic boxers for the United States
Boxers from Philadelphia
Boxers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
World Boxing Association champions
International Boxing Federation champions
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in boxing
American male boxers
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Featherweight boxers
World light-welterweight boxing champions
World welterweight boxing champions
Light-middleweight boxers
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
People charged with assault

Meldrick Taylor


Australian Open-mesterskabet i damesingle 2020 var den 94. turnering om Australian Open-mesterskabet i damesingle. Turneringen var en del af Australian Open 2020 og blev spillet i Melbourne Park i Melbourne, Victoria, Australien. Hovedturneringen blev afviklet i perioden 20. januar - 1. februar 2020, mens kvalifikationen spilledes ugen før hovedturneringen i dagene 14. - 18. januar 2020.

Mesterskabet blev vundet af Sofia Kenin, som i finalen besejrede Garbiñe Muguruza med 4-6, 6-2, 6-2 i en kamp på to timer og tre minutter, og som dermed vandt sin første grand slam-titel. Den 14.-seedede amerikaner var i sin første grand slam-finale og havde indtil da højst været i fjerde runde i en grand slam-turnering, og tidligere havde hendes bedste resultater været tre turneringssejre i kategorien WTA International på WTA Tour 2019. Den 21-årige Kenin blev den yngste amerikanske grand slam-vinder siden Serena Williams i 2002, og hun var den yngste Ausrtralian Open-mester siden Marija Sjarapova i 2008. Resultaterne medførte, at Sofia Kenin for første gang i karrieren avancerede til top 10 på WTA's verdensrangliste, hvor hun efter turneringen indtog 7.-pladsen, hvilket også betød, at hun overhalede Serena Williams som den bedste amerikanske spiller på listen.

Garbiñe Muguruza var i sin fjerde grand slam-finale i damesingle, men den første siden hun vandt Wimbledon-mesterskabet i 2017. Det var til gengæld hendes første første finale ved Australian Open, hvor kun to spanske kvinder tidligere havde været i finalen, og hun blev dermed den første spanske finalist siden hendes træner, Conchita Martínez, tabte finalen til Martina Hingis i 1998. Hun var endvidere den første useedede finalist i Australian Open-mesterskabet i damesingle siden Justine Henin i 2010 og den blot sjette useedede finalist ved mesterskabet i den åbne æra. Muguruza havde indledt turneringen med en sejr i første runde på 0-6, 6-1, 6-0 over Shelby Rogers, og hun blev dermed den første spiller i den åbne æra, der kvalificerede sig til en finale efter at have tabt det første sæt i turneringen med 0-6.

De to finalister var rangeret som nr. 14 og nr. 32 på WTA's verdensrangliste, og dermed var det den første finale ved Australian Open-mesterskabet i damesingle i den åbne æra, hvor ingen af spillerne var rangeret i top 10.

Den forsvarende mester, Naomi Osaka, var seeedet som nr. 3 men tabte i tredje runde til Coco Gauff.

Mesteren fra 2018, Caroline Wozniacki, havde allere inden turneringen annonceret, at hun spillede sin sidste professionelle turnering, og den tidligere verdensetters karriere endte i tredje runde, hvor hun blev slået ud af Ons Jabeur. Senere i turneringen blev Jabeur selv historisk, idet hun i forbindelse med sejren over Wang Qiang i fjerde runde blev den første kvinde fra den Arabiske verden, der kvalificerede sig til en grand slam-kvartfinale i damesingle.

Pengepræmier og ranglistepoint

Den samlede præmiesum til spillerne i damesingle androg A$ 28.621.000 (ekskl. per diem), hvilket er en stigning på 14,7 % i forhold til året før.

Hovedturnering

Deltagere

Hovedturneringen havde deltagelse af 128 spillere, der er fordelt på:
 104 direkte kvalificerede spillere i form af deres ranglisteplacering pr. 9. december 2019 (seks uger før turneringens start).
 8 spillere, der havde modtaget et wildcard.
 16 spillere fra kvalifikationsturneringen.

Seedede spillere

De 32 bedst placerede af deltagerne på WTA's verdensrangliste pr. 13. januar 2020 (en uge før hovedturneringens start) blev seedet:

Følgende spiller fra toppen af verdensranglisten meldte afbud til mesterskabet.

Wildcards

Otte spillere modtog et wildcard til hovedturneringen.

Kvalifikanter

16 spillere kvalificerede sig fra kvalifikationen til hovedturneringen.

Lucky losere

Ingen spillere gik videre fra kvalifikationen som lucky losere, da der ikke indløb afbud fra direkte kvalificerede spillere.

Resultater

Ottendedelsfinaler, kvartfinaler, semifinaler og finale

Første, anden og tredje runde

Kvalifikation

I kvalifikationsturneringen, der blev afviklet i perioden 14. - 18. januar 2020, spillede 128 spillere om 16 ledige pladser i hovedturneringen. Heraf havde ni spillere modtaget et wildcard (WC).

Følgende 16 spillere kvalificerede sig til hovedturneringen. Martina Trevisan, Ann Li, Greet Minnen, Elisabetta Cocciaretto og Laylah Fernandez kvalificerede sig til en grand slam-hovedturnering i single for første gang  i deres karrierer.

  Ann Li
  Nao Hibino
  Johanna Larsson
  Barbora Krejčíková
  Anna Kalinskaja
  Kaja Juvan
  Leylah Fernandez
  Shelby Rogers
  Martina Trevisan
  Caty McNally
  Monica Niculescu
  Ljudmila Samsonova
  Greet Minnen
  Elisabetta Cocciaretto
  Harriet Dart
  Antonia Lottner

Følgende spillere gik videre til hovedturneringen som lucky losere:

 Ingen

Resultater

Se også
 Australian Open-mesterskabet i herresingle 2020
 Australian Open-mesterskabet i herredouble 2020
 Australian Open-mesterskabet i damedouble 2020
 Australian Open-mesterskabet i mixed double 2020

Eksterne henvisninger
 Australian Open

Noter

Australian Open 2020
2020
WTA Tour 2020


A Fonte Lily é uma pia batismal de prata dourada usada nos serviços batismais de membros da família real britânica. Faz parte da Royal Collection e é mantida na Jewel House na Torre de Londres quando não está em uso. A Lily Font foi usada para o batismo de todos os filhos e netos da Rainha Isabel II, exceto o da Princesa Eugênia de Iorque.

Design
A fonte foi encomendada pela Rainha Vitória aos ourives Edward Barnard and Sons em 1840, para o batismo de sua primeira filha, Vitoria, Princesa Real em 10 de fevereiro de 1841, primeiro aniversário de casamento de seus pais. A fonte é feita de prata dourada que dá a aparência de ouro. Três querubins alados estão sentados na base da fonte, acima dos braços reais de Vitoria, Príncipe Alberto e Princesa Real. Alberto ajudou com o design da fonte. Os querubins estão depenando liras, acima delas as folhas se estendem para sustentar a tigela que é cercada por nenúfares em cascata. A fonte Lily é usada com a fonte de 1660 e sua bacia ou o jarro e a bacia de batismo durante as cerimônias batismais.

Uso

A Fonte Lily foi usada para o batismo de todos os filhos e netos da Rainha Isabel II, exceto o da Princesa Eugênia de Iorque. O batismo de Eugênia em 1990 foi o primeiro batismo público de um membro da família real britânica.

A Fonte Lily foi levada para a Igreja de Santa Maria Madalena, Sandringham, para o batismo da princesa Carlota de Gales em Norfolk em 2015. Foi relatado que esta foi a primeira vez que a fonte deixou Londres em sua história, embora já tivesse sido mantida. em Windsor, de onde havia sido levado para Londres em 1926 para o batismo da princesa Isabel (mais tarde rainha Isabel II).

Referências

Joias da Coroa Britânica
Batismo

Fonte Lily


Reinier Bontius (auch: Regnerus de Bondt; * 1576 in Leiden; † 23. Juni 1623 ebenda) war ein niederländischer Mediziner.

Leben
Der zweitälteste Sohn des Gerard Bontius wurde bereits in jungen Jahren als Student der Literatur am 12. Februar 1590 an der Universität Leiden immatrikuliert. Hier hatte er besonders die Philosophie, die Mathematik und Astronomie unter Rudolph Snellius studiert. Auf Wunsch seines Vaters beschäftigte er sich bei demselben, Johannes Heurnius und Petrus Pavius mit den medizinischen Wissenschaften. Nachdem er am 28. August 1599 seine medizinische Abhandlung Theses de Pleuritide verteidigt hatte, wurde er am 16. August desselben Jahres zum Doktor der Medizin promoviert und erhielt am 11. Oktober des Jahres eine außerordentliche Professur der Philosophie an der Leidener Hochschule. Zudem erwarb er sich als Mediziner einiges Ansehen, so dass die Kuratoren der Leidener Hochschule beschlossen, ihn am 8. Februar 1606 zum außerordentlichen Professor der Medizin zu berufen.

1617 wurde er ordentlicher Professor der Medizin, und er wurde im Mai 1621 zum Leibarzt des Fürsten Moritz von Oranien ernannt, wobei der spätere Professor der Medizin Adrianus van Valckenburg (Adrianus Falcoburgius; 1581–1650) seine Vorlesungen fortsetzte. Zudem hatte er sich auch an den organisatorischen Aufgaben der Leidener Hochschule beteiligt und war von 1619 bis 1621 Rektor der Alma Mater. Medizinische Schriften hat er nicht hinterlassen. Jedoch hat er eine Beschreibung der Belagerung der Stadt Leiden vom 27. Mai bis zum 3. Oktober 1574 unter dem Titel Belegering en Ontzetting der stad Leyden, geschied in den jaare 1574. Beginnende den 27sten May, en eindigende den 3den October daaraanvolgende. Zeer levendig afgebeeld door Reynerius Bontius, Treur- bly-eindespel, vercierd met schoone Figuren, en al de vertoningen, zo voor, in, als na het spel herausgegeben, welche mehrere Auflagen erlebte. Seine letzte Ruhestätte fand er in der Leidener Peterskirche.

Literatur
 Abraham Jacob van der Aa: Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden. Band 2, Teil 1, Verlag J. J. van Brederode, Haarlem 1854, S. 835 (historici.nl, niederländisch)

Weblinks
 Bontius in der digitalen Bibliothek der niederländischen Literatur (DBNL)
 Bontius im Professorenkatalog der Universität Leiden

Mediziner (17. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Leiden)
Rektor (Universität Leiden)
Niederländer
Geboren 1576
Gestorben 1623
Mann

Reiner Bontius


Ukomplet liste af værker af Klaus Rifbjerg:

Lister over værker

Værker af Klaus Rifbjerg


Ocnița este o rezervație naturală silvică în raionul Ocnița, Republica Moldova. Este amplasată în ocolul silvic Ocnița, Ocnița, parcela 16. Are o suprafață de 103 ha. Obiectul este administrat de Gospodăria Silvică de Stat Edineț.

Referințe

Ocnița
Raionul Ocnița

Rezervația naturală Ocnița


27. længdegrad kan henvise til:

 27. vestlige længdekreds
 27. østlige længdekreds

27. længdegrad


O Campeonato Mundial de Halterofilismo de 1978 foi a 52ª edição do campeonato organizado pela Federação Internacional de Halterofilismo (FIH) em Gettysburg, nos Estados Unidos entre 4 a 8 de outubro de 1978. Foram disputadas dez categorias com a presença de 185 halterofilistas de 35 nacionalidades.

Medalhistas

  — RECORDE MUNDIAL

Quadro de medalhas

Quadro de medalhas no total combinado

Quadro de medalhas nos levantamentos + total combinado

Ligações externas
Site da Federação Internacional de Halterofilismo

1978
Mundial
Halterofilismo
Halterofilismo


المملكة الوندالية هي دولة ظهرت بشمال أفريقيا بين عامي 429 و533 م وعاصمتها قرطاج.

التاريخ
الوندال قبائل جرمانية رحلت منذ مطلع القرن الخامس الميلادي من ألمانيا إلى إسبانيا ومنها إلى شمال أفريقيا (وذلك في سنة 429 م) بقيادة زعيمهم جنسريق حيث انتهز الوندال فرصة اضطراب الأحوال في أفريقيا، فعبروا القارة، وبمساعدة السكان الأصليين في أفريكا، اللذين كانوا ينفرون من سلطة روما ويطمحون إلى الاستقلال، تمكنوا من هزم القائد الروماني بونيفاكيوس وأسسوا لهم دولة في شمال أفريقيا مركزها مدينة قرطاج وضموا إليها جزيرة صقلية والعديد من جزر البحر المتوسط، وسرعان ما تحوّلوا إلى أعظم قوة بحرية في غرب البحر المتوسط. في عام 455، احتل الوندال مدينة روما فخربوها واستباحوها وقتلوا إمبراطورها وأخذوا الإمبراطورة ليسينيا إيدوكسيا وابنتها رهينتين، في عام 467 م، قام الإمبراطور البيزنطي ليو الأول بحملة ضد الوندال لكنها باءت بالفشل وفي عام 533م أرسل الإمبراطور البيزنطي جستينيان الأول قائده بيليساريوس على رأس حملة عسكرية استطاعت أن تقضي على الوندال في شمال أفريقيا سنة 534م.

نهاية الوندال
ما كاد جيلمار يتولى الحكم حتى قتل هلدريق وأتباعه ونشبت بسبب ذلك حرب برية بحرية بينه وبين الإمبراطور البيزنطي جستينيان الأول وبلغ أسطول البيزنطيين 500 قطعة وأسطول الوندال 150 قطعة. وكان القائد البيزنطي بيليساريوس قد عسكر عند قرطاجة لمدة أسبوعين واقتحموها بعد ذلك دون مقاومة وحاول جيلمار أن يجمع فلوله ويستدعي جيشه بسردانية غير أنه انهزم انهزاما ساحقا وفر بنفسه قبل أن استسلم لأعدائه الذين نقلوه إلى غالايسيا هو وأسرته حيث عاش بقية حياته. وبانهزامه انتهت دولة الوندال التي استغرق حكمها قرابة قرن.

ملوك الوندال
 429 - 477: جنسريق
 477 - 484: هنريق
 484 - 496: غونتاموند
 496 - 523: ترازاموند
 524 - 530: هلدريق
 530 - 533: جيلمار

مصادر

ليبيا الوسيطة
الجزائر في العصر الروماني
الجزائر الوسيطة
إسبانيا الوسيطة
تاريخ الجزائر
تاريخ كورسيكا
تونس القديمة
تونس الوسيطة
دول إفريقيا القديمة
دول سابقة في أوروبا
دول وأقاليم انحلت في عقد 530
دول وأقاليم أسست في القرن 5
دول وأقاليم أسست في عقد 430
صقلية الوسيطة
فرنسا الوسيطة
ليبيا القديمة
ممالك جرمانية قديمة

المملكة الوندالية