Die Malzfabrik Grevesmühlen wurde 1873 auf dem von Brauer Heintzmann erbauten Felsenkeller errichtet. Heute hat ein Teil der Verwaltung des Landkreises Nordwestmecklenburg seinen Sitz in dem denkmalgeschützten Gebäude.

Lage
Die Malzfabrik Grevesmühlen liegt am Börzower Weg in Grevesmühlen, der ehemaligen Kreisstadt des Landkreises Nordwestmecklenburg.

Bauabschnitte

Bauphase I

1893 begann der Aufbau des Gebäudekomplexes "Malzfabrik". Zu diesem Zeitpunkt gehörte ein Lager- und Eiskeller mit viergeschossigem Neubau zum Malzfabrikgebäude.

Die Räume bestanden aus gelben Ziegelsteinen. Die Fassaden wiesen Läuferschichten und aus roten Ziegelsteinen gemauerte Pfeiler sowie Rundbogenfensterstürze auf. Den Abschluss der Fassade zum Dach hin bildeten girlandenartige Verzierungen aus roten Ziegelsteinen. Die dazugehörige Darre war von gleicher Struktur. Zum Komplex gehörten auch eingeschossige Anbauten, in denen Dampfmaschinen zur Wärmelieferung untergebracht waren.

Bauphase II
1894/95 wurde der Gebäudekomplex vergrößert. Auf dem Keller wurde ein viergeschossiges Gebäude mit roten Ziegelsteinen errichtet. Die Erbauung einer zweiten Darre wurde vollzogen. Die alten und neuen Gebäudeteile wurden zusammengeschlossen, um einen besseren Transport zwischen den Räumen zu ermöglichen. Das neue Gebäude wurde durch pfeilartige Strukturen, Läuferschichten und Rundbogenfenster an das Alte angepasst, doch weist es ein anderes Aussehen auf.

Bauphase III
Der Bau (1897/1898), der im Ost- und Nordteil begann, erfolgte nun auch im West- und Südteil. Er umfasste die Errichtung von Tennen und weiteren Darren. Zehn Meter hohe Dunstschlote überragten das Gebäude. Die darauf gesetzten, fünf Meter hohen helmartigen Abdeckungen waren über Jahrzehnte das eigentliche Wahrzeichen der Malzfabrik. Das in den drei Bauphasen entstandene Gebäude umfasste eine Grundfläche von 3000 m² und ca. 15.000 m² Lager-, Tennen- und Darrenfläche. Es war somit eines der größten Gebäude für die Malzherstellung in Norddeutschland.

Nutzung
Erstmals erwähnt wird die Malzfabrik Grevesmühlen 1872. Im Laufe der Jahre wurde das Gebäude auf verschiedenste Weise genutzt. Die Besitzer des ersten Komplexes waren Never und Picker. Picker erwarb die Brauerei am 1. Juli 1883 durch ein Konkursverfahren. Der damalige Wert betrug 110.000 Mark. Die ältesten Räume wurden für die Lagerung von Eis und die Züchtung von Pilzen genutzt. Der Dampfbrauerei Heintzmann und Never boten sich auch Räumlichkeiten für ihr Unternehmen. 1893 erfolgte eine Zwangsversteigerung. Dadurch wurde die Gründung der Malzfabrik Grevesmühlen GmbH möglich. 1905 wurde dieses Unternehmen erstmals im Staatskalender erwähnt.

Geschichte

Malzfabrik Grevesmühlen GmbH
Gründer der Gesellschaft waren Georg Mahn, Prokurist Friedrich Carow, Baumeister Eduard Dietze und Luis Hochbaum. Das Unternehmen wurde 1893 ins Handelsregister eingetragen. Das Anfangsstammkapital der Malzfabrik GmbH betrug 40.000 Mark. 1895 schied Herr Hochbaum aus. An seine Stelle trat Adolf Müller, der entscheidend zur Entwicklung der Fabrik beitrug. Später wurde Adolf Müller Malzfabrikdirektor.

Es zeichnete sich im Laufe der Jahre eine positive Entwicklung ab. Die Gesellschaftsverträge wurden aufgrund von Erhöhungen des Stammkapitals verändert. 1900/1901 erhöhte sich die Malzproduktion von 3000 auf 4000 Tonnen. Die Fabrik produzierte unter anderem Malz für die Rostocker Brauerei Mahn und Olerich, für die Grevesmühlener Brauerei Schall und Schwenke und sogar für Portugal und die Kolonie Deutsch-Ostafrika.

Die Blütezeit endete aufgrund von höheren Preisen für Malz und Bier. Die erste Krise folgte Anfang 1907. Die Arbeitsbedingungen verschlechterten sich. So betrugen die Arbeitszeiten von bis zu 13 ½ Stunden pro Tag. Der erste Streik ließ nicht lange auf sich warten. Mitte 1907 meldete die Fabrik Konkurs an. Als Gesellschafter fungierten nur noch Georg Mahn, Dietrich Helmerich und Adolf Müller.

Die Modernisierung der technischen Anlagen sollte 1910 den Aufschwung bringen. Neue Absatzgebiete, u. a. nach Schleswig-Holstein, ermöglichten 1913 einen Marktanteil von 71 %. So war die Mälzerei die wichtigste von allen in Mecklenburg. Ab 1921 kam es aufgrund der Nachkriegszeit, der Inflation und Weltwirtschaftskrise zu erheblichen Produktionseinschränkungen und finanziellen Problemen. Die Folgen waren z. B. häufige Wechsel der Gesellschafter.

"Die ständigen Veränderungen sind Ausdruck der wirtschaftlichen Verhältnisse der Malzfabrik Grevesmühlen GmbH, deren Situation sich durch die finanzielle Transaktionen erst ab Herbst 1934 besserte."

1938/1939 ging es wieder aufwärts mit der Malzfabrik. Georg Naefke erwirbt sie am 7. März 1939. Die großen Pläne von neuen Maschinen und Förderanlagen konnten durch den Zweiten Weltkrieg nicht realisiert werden. Noch 1940/1941 wurde das beste Ergebnis bei der Produktion seit Jahrzehnten erreicht. Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs durfte Malz nicht mehr für Bier verwendet werden, die Produktion stagnierte. Mit der Einführung der MALFA-Kaffee-Ersatz-Produktion stiegen 1946 die Umsatzzahlen wieder. Diese Neuorientierung schuf neue Arbeitsplätze und führte zur direkten Versorgung der Bevölkerung. 1942/1943 wurden nur 60 Brauereien beliefert, drei Jahre zuvor waren es noch 363.

Ab 1943 erfolgte eine Fremdnutzung der vorhandenen Räumlichkeiten: Die Malzfabrik wurde u. a. genutzt für die Lagerung von Nahrungsmitteln und die Materiallagerung der Luftwaffe. Die Schlosserei war Gefangenenlager. 1944 erfolgte die Demontage der modernen Rösterei. Von den Dornier-Werken wurden Flugzeugteile gelagert. Nebenbei lief teilweise die Produktion. Doch Ende Januar 1945 kam es zum endgültigen Produktionsstopp.

Ab 3. Mai 1945 war die Malzfabrik ein provisorisches Gefangenenlager für deutsche Wehrmachtsangehörige. Währenddessen wurde in der Malzfabrik nicht produziert, da der einzige Geschäftsführer in Frankreich in Gefangenschaft war.
Die Leitung übernahm Agnes Bartels, welche schon zuvor in der Malzfabrik gearbeitet hat. Sie bewahrte die Fabrik davor, Volkseigentum zu werden. Der Inhaber blieb jedoch Georg Naefke. Durch seine frühere NSDAP-Zugehörigkeit wurde die Firma kurzzeitig beschlagnahmt, aber 1946 wieder freigegeben.

Durch einen neuen Gesellschaftsvertrag wurden die Anteile an Frau Bartels und Elisabeth Voß, die Schwester von Georg Naefke, überschrieben. 1952 wurde der Gesellschaft eine erhebliche Steuerschuld auferlegt, um sie in Staatsbesitz zu bringen.

1953 wurde Walter Brose als Geschäftsführer eingesetzt. Viele Arbeitskräfte verließen durch die Spannung in der DDR das Land. Wirtschaftlich gesehen ging es der Fabrik nicht gut. Es fehlte an Rohstoffen und an Arbeitern. Durch Mithilfe von Grevesmühlener Betrieben gelang 1945 die Wiederaufnahme der Produktion. Es gab hin und wieder Rückschläge, doch durch die MALFA-Kaffee-Ersatz-Produktion und dem neuen Bierverlag konnten gute Umsätze erzielt werden. Es entstanden auch Ideen, die Produktion von Zuckerwaren, Puddingpulver und Backpulver aufzunehmen, die jedoch nie verwirklicht wurden. Der Mangel an Rohstoffen verringerte die Produktion. Es ging durch verschiedenste Modernisierungen aufwärts, doch bedeutete der ständige Wechsel von Gesellschaftern eine Belastung für die Firma.

VEB Malzfabrik

Am 1. Oktober 1955 wurde die Malzfabrik in Grevesmühlen als volkseigenes Unternehmen verpachtet. Die kommunale Verwaltung übernahm die Stadt Grevesmühlen. Das Unternehmen bekam damals den Zusatz VEB (K), was Volkseigener Betrieb (kreisgeleitet) bedeutet. Zu dieser Zeit hatte die ehemalige GmbH keine Befugnisse mehr. Allerdings gehörten die Vermögenswerte der GmbH. Betriebsleiter war Walter Brose und Geschäftsführer der GmbH Hans Blomberg.

Die Produktion stieg nun langsam wieder an. 1957 wurden 3019 Tonnen Braumalz in Grevesmühlen hergestellt. 1958 stand die Malzfabrik sogar an der Spitze aller volkseigenen Betriebe. Damals verzeichnete man 15 Tage Planvorsprung und eine Mehrproduktion von 10.840 DM. Im Jahr 1962 bekam die Malzfabrik eine neue und moderne Gerstenflockenanlage und eine Grünmalzanlage. Die Produktion stieg in den Folgejahren stark an, so dass sich im Jahr 1965 die Produktion auf 4500 Tonnen Malz erhöhte.

1969 wurde der VEB Malzfabrik dem VEB Getränkekombinat "Hanseat" Rostock angegliedert. 1971 arbeiteten 50 Mitarbeiter in der Malzfabrik, davon 20 Frauen. Ab 1972 war Werner Unger Betriebsleiter. 1973 wurde die Malzfabrik weiter modernisiert. Das Weichhaus bekam neue Weichen und ein neues Sprühweichsystem. Dadurch konnte der Wasserverbrauch von 3000 auf 2000 Kubikmeter pro Jahr gesenkt werden. 1979 machten die Mitarbeiter in der Zeitung positiv auf sich aufmerksam. Sie hatten in Verbindung mit der Auszahlung der Jahresendprämie eine Solidaritätssammlung zur Unterstützung des leidgeprüften vietnamesischen Volkes durchgeführt.

1980 wurden die Darren umgebaut, die Hochleistungskippdarre ersetzte das Zwei-Horden-Trocknungsverfahren. 1984 erfolgte der Bau eines neuen Heizhauses. Ziel von Eckhard Weller war es, das Produktionsvolumen weiter zu steigern. Er beabsichtigte eine neue Malzfabrik zu bauen und die alte nur noch als Lager zu nutzen. Die fehlenden finanziellen und materiellen Mittel stoppten diese Pläne.

Weil das Alter und der Zustand der Fabrik nicht mehr für eine industrielle Nutzung ausreichte, entschloss sich Georg Naefke, die Malzfabrik am 30. Juni 1990 zu schließen. Die Malzfabrik wurde unter Denkmalschutz gestellt.

Einkaufs- und Gewerbezentrum Malzfabrik
Nach der Schließung kamen zwei Nachfolger in Betracht. Die Nordmalz GmbH Wismar wollte die alte Fabrik sanieren und wieder nutzen. Eine andere Idee setzte sich aber letztendlich durch. Der Hamburger Bauunternehmer Manfred Vogler beabsichtigte die Malzfabrik zu einem Einkaufs- und Gewerbezentrum umzubauen. Der ursprüngliche Stil der Malzfabrik sollte aber erhalten bleiben. Die Malzfabrik wurde damit zur größten Baustelle des ehemaligen Kreises Grevesmühlen. Im Inneren entstanden nun Räume für Büros, Wohnungen, Arztpraxen und eine zweistöckige Einkaufspassage. Äußerlich blieb die Malzfabrik fasst unverändert. Außen kam es lediglich zur Abtragung und Kürzung des Maschinenhauses vor der ältesten Darre, des Hofgebäudes und der Schornsteine. Zudem wurden die Fassaden gereinigt, die Dachkonstruktion wurde auf Schäden geprüft und gegebenenfalls repariert. Um genügend Licht in die unteren Geschosse zu bekommen, entschloss man sich Dachlichtschächte einzubauen. Dafür wurden die alten Abdeckungen der Darre abgetragen. Nach dem Umbau gab es in der Malzfabrik viele verschiedene Geschäfte. Die Malzfabrik verfügte über eine Einkaufspassage, welche einen Markt- und Basarcharakter hatte. Zudem gab es in der Malzfabrik verschiedene Ärzte, eine Apotheke, ein Restaurant, mehrere Konferenzräume, Präsentationsräume und das Heimatmuseum von Grevesmühlen. Es gab vier Eingänge und sechs Aufzüge.

Verwaltung des Landkreises Nordwestmecklenburg

Am 11. Januar 1993 begann der Umzug der Verwaltung in die Malzfabrik. 1994 musste die Verwaltung aufgrund der damaligen Kreisgebietsreform und der daraus resultierenden Vergrößerung der Verwaltung wieder ausziehen. Die Verwaltung wurde nun dezentral auf dem Verwaltungsgelände am Bahnhof Grevesmühlen, in Gadebusch und in Wismar untergebracht. Doch das war nicht die ideale Lösung. Am 24. Februar 2000 sprach man sich für den Erwerb und Umbau der Malzfabrik aus, so dass die Verwaltung dort wieder einziehen konnte. Im Sommer 2002 war die Fabrik komplett leergezogen und somit konnte die Baufreiheit für das Bauvorhaben erlangt werden.

Der Baustart des Vorhabens mit Investitionen von einem Volumen von 9,8 Millionen Euro begann am 7. Oktober 2002. Im Juli 2004 war der Umbau vollzogen und die Verwaltung des Landkreises Nordwestmecklenburg konnte einziehen. Mit der Kreisgebietsreform ziehen schrittweise einzelne Verwaltungsteile wieder aus.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Baudenkmal in Grevesmühlen
Bauwerk in Grevesmühlen
Ehemalige Mälzerei (Deutschland)
Lebensmittelhersteller (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)
Lebensmittelhersteller (DDR)

Malzfabrik Grevesmühlen


يوسف رؤوف يوسف بطرس غالي كان وزيرا للمالية في حكومة أحمد نظيف قبل سقوطها وهو أيضا ابن شقيق بطرس بطرس غالي الأمين العام السابق للأمم المتحدة ولد في 20 أغسطس 1952 م في مدينة القاهرة
في سنة 1974 م حصل على بكالوريوس كلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية جامعة القاهرة وفي 1981 نال دكتوراه في الاقتصاد من معهد ماساتشوستس للتقنية بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.

تسلسله الوظيفي
تولى الدكتور يوسف بطرس غالي منصب وزير المالية منذ يوليو 2004، قبل ذلك كان يتولى منصب وزير التجارة الخارجية منذ نوفمبر 2001 وحتى يوليو 2004. وقد شغل الدكتور يوسف بطرس غالي منصب وزير الاقتصاد والتجارة الخارجية منذ أكتوبر 1999،

وفي الفترة من يوليه 1997 إلى سبتمبر 1999 شغل منصب وزير الاقتصاد، وفي الفترة من يناير 1996 إلى يونيه 1997 كان وزيرا للدولة للشئون الاقتصادية.

وفي الفترة من أبريل 1993 إلى ديسمبر 1995 كان وزيرا للدولة للتعاون الدولي ووزير الدولة لشئون مجلس الوزراء.

وخلال الفترة من 1986 إلى 1993 عمل مستشارا اقتصاديا لكل من رئيس مجلس الوزراء ومحافظ البنك المركزي المصري.

وقبل أن يتولى هذه المناصب عمل خبيرا اقتصاديا لمدة ست سنوات في صندوق النقد الدولي (في الفترة من 1981 إلى 1986).

وقبل الدخول في مجال العمل السياسي، كان يشغل منصبا أكاديميا متميزاً فهو حاصل على درجة البكالوريوس في الاقتصاد من جامعة القاهرة وفي عام 1981 حصل على درجة الدكتوراه في الاقتصاد من معهد ماساتشوستس للتقنية.

كان الدكتور يوسف بطرس غالي يعمل أستاذا مساعدا في الاقتصاد بكلية الاقتصاد والعلوم السياسية جامعة القاهرة، ومديراً لمركز التحليل الاقتصادي بمجلس الوزراء، وفي الفترة من 1991 إلى 1993 كان عضوا بمجلس إدارة البنك الأهلي المصري.

وعمل أيضا محاضرا للاقتصاد في الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة، وأيضا محاضراً بمعهد ماساشوستس للتكنولوجيا بالولايات المتحدة الأمريكية.

وقد قام الدكتور يوسف بطرس غالي خلال السنوات العشرين الأخيرة بنشر اثنين وعشرين بحثاًً وكتاباً على نطاق واسع في الموضوعات النظرية وموضوعات التنمية في مجال الاقتصاد.

أُقيل في التشكيل الوزاري الجديد.

المناصب
 عضو الحزب الوطني الديمقراطي بمصر
 2004 أعيد اختياره وزيرا للمالية والتأمينات في 31 ديسمبر 2005 بمصر
 2005 عضو مجلس الشعب المصري فئة فئات حزب وطني بمصر
 عضو مجلس الشعب المصري سنة 2011 – عن الدائرة الثانية (فئات وطني - دائرة المعهد الفني) بالقاهرة قبل أن يقرر المجلس الأعلى للقوات المسلحة حل مجلسي الشعب والشورى
 وزارة المالية والتأمينات :وزير المالية (أُقيل من الوزارة بعد ثورة 25 يناير 2011).

محاكمته
صرح المتحدث الرسمي للنيابة العامة الثلاثاء 23 مارس 2011 بأن النائب العام وافق على إحالة كل من أنس الفقي وزير الإعلام السابق ويوسف بطرس غالي وزير المالية السابق إلى محكمة جنايات القاهرة بتهمة الإضرار العمدي بالمال العام مع استمرار حبس المتهم الأول على ذمة القضية.
وأوضح المتحدث الرسمي في بيان وصلت وكالة الأنباء الألمانية (د.ب.أ) نسخة منه بأن تحقيقات النيابة العامة كشفت أن وزير الإعلام السابق طلب مبلغ 36 مليون جنيه من وزارة المالية للاتفاق على التغطية الإعلامية لانتخابات مجلسي الشعب والشورى وتمويل الحملة الإعلامية الخاصة بتغطية الأحداث السياسية الهامة والإنجازات التي تحققت خلال الفترة من عام 1981 إلى 2010 التي تولّى فيها النظام الحاكم السابق إدارة البلاد.
وجاء في التحقيقات إن وزير المالية السابق وافق على صرف هذا المبلغ من الأموال المخصصة لاحتياطات السلع والخدمات الاستراتيجية وقام وزير الإعلام السابق بإنفاق جانب من تلك المبالغ بالمخالفة للمعايير المعتمدة من مجلس الوزراء التي قصرت الانفاق منه على المتطلبات الحتمية القومية والطارئة والالتزامات المستجدة دون الأغراض التي تم الصرف عليها كما خالفت أحكام قانوني انتخابات مجلس الشعب والانتخابات الرئاسية والتي تحظر استخدام المال العام في الإنفاق على أغراض الدعاية الانتخابية.

حُكم عليه غيابياً يوم 4 يونيو بالسجن المشدد لمدة 30 عام ورد المبالغ المستولى عليها والغرامة.

متفرقات
يوسف بطرس غالي حاصل على الجنسية الأمريكية.

مصادر

أساتذة معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
أشخاص شاركوا في ثورة 25 يناير
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أعضاء مجلس الشعب المصري 2005
أعضاء مجلس الشعب المصري 2010
أعضاء هيئة تدريس الجامعة الأمريكية بالقاهرة
أعضاء هيئة تدريس جامعة القاهرة
اقتصاديون مصريون
خريجو جامعة القاهرة
خريجو معهد ماساتشوستس للتكنولوجيا
سياسيون أقباط
سياسيون مصريون أدينوا بفساد
عائلة بطرس غالي
فارون مطلوبون لمصر
مجرمون مصريون
مغتربون مصريون في المملكة المتحدة
منفيون مصريون
مواليد 1371 هـ
مواليد 1952
مواليد في القاهرة
وزراء مالية مصريون
أعلام مصريون من أصل قبطي
اقتصاديون مصريون في القرن 21
اقتصاديون مصريون في القرن 20

يوسف بطرس غالي


An Calamagrostis frigida in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni George Bentham, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Joseph Henry Maiden och Ernst Betche. An Calamagrostis frigida in nahilalakip ha genus nga Calamagrostis, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Calamagrostis

Calamagrostis frigida


Pierre Bérégovoy (; ) a fost un om politic francez, membru al Partidului Socialist, prim-ministrul Franței în perioadă aprilie 1992 – martie 1993.

Biografie
S-a născut în 1925 într-o familie de mici comercianți din Normandia. Tatăl său, originar din orașul ucrainean Izium din regiunea Harkiv, era ofițer în armata țaristă și a fost admis în Franța ca refugiat. Pierre și-a abandonat studiile atunci când tatăl său s-a îmbolnăvit și a devenit ajustor mecanic la SNCF, societatea națională de transport feroviar de călători din Franța. În iulie 1943 s-a implicat în mișcarea de Rezistența a lucrătorilor feroviari și s-a alăturat unui sindicat comunist clandestin, Confédération générale du travail, luptând alături de Forțele Franceze din Interior.

După eliberarea Franței a aderat la Secția Franceză a Internaționalei Muncitorești (SFIO). În anul 1949 a întrat în cabinetul ministrului transporturilor. În 1969 a fost numit în biroul național al proaspătului Partid Socialist. După ce socialistul François Mitterrand a fost ales președintele Franței în 1981, el a devenit secretar general al președinției.
A fost ministrul pentru afaceri sociale în perioada iunie 1982 – iulie 1984, apoi ministrul economiei și finanțelor în perioadele iulie 1984 – martie 1986 și mai 1988 – aprilie 1992. La momentul respectiv a fost numit prim-ministrul Franței, înlocuind-o pe Édith Cresson. A demisionat în mai 1993, după ce a fost implicat într-un caz de posibilă corupție, și s-a sinucis câteva săptămâni mai târziu.

Referințe

Nașteri în 1925
Nașteri pe 23 decembrie
Decese în 1993
Decese pe 1 mai
Prim-miniștri ai Franței
Socialiști francezi

Pierre Bérégovoy


Didymopanax est un genre de plantes néotropicales appartenant à la famille des Araliaceae, compte 37 espèces, et dont l'espèce type est Panax morototoni Aubl..

Anciennement inclus dans le genre Schefflera, ce genre a été réhabilité en 2020.

Liste d'espèces
Selon FIASCHI et al. (2020) :

Notes et références

Références taxinomiques

Araliaceae
Genre d'Angiospermes (nom scientifique)

Didymopanax


Šafranasta preslica ili oker ovojnjača (lat. Amanita crocea) je vrsta jestive gljive iz roda Amanita.

Opis
 Klobuk šafranaste preslice je širok od 6 do 12 centimetara, u mladosti tupostožast, zatim otvoren te ispupćen, narančast, smeđenarančast ili vrlo rijetko u maslinastom tonu; kožica je osobito za vlažna vemena mazava; rub klobuka je tipično narebran.
 Listići su trbušasti, gusti, slobodni i bijele boje.
 Stručak je visok od 10 do 15 centimetara, promjera od 1 do 2 cm, vitak, valjkast, prema klobuku sve tanji, po čitavoj duljini je prekriven bijelim, gotovo stršećim čehicama ispod kojih se vidi narančastožuta boja stručka; na dnu je bijel, trajan i prilično izražen opnast ovoj.
 Meso je bijelo, vrlo lomljivo, bez osobita mirisa i okusa.
 Spore su okruglaste, staklasto prozirne, 8 – 12 (14) μm.

Stanište
Raste ljeti i u jesen u manjim skupinama ili pojedinačno u crnogoričnim i listopadnim šumama.

Upotrebljivost
Šafranasta preslica je jestiva, izvrsne kakvoće. Gljive prije upotrebe treba prokuhati.

Sličnosti
Nedovoljno stručni skupljači gljiva mogli bi zamijeniti šafranaste preslice blagvom ili nekom varijacijom otrovne muhare. Međutim, spomenute vrste imaju na stručku uvijek vjenčić i robusnijeg su rasta. Posve je razumljivo da je najveća mogućnost zamjene vrstom Amanita vaginata var. flavescens Gilb. et Lundell (siva preslica), koja je jestiva, pa opasnosti nema.

Slike

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Agaricales
Jestive gljive

Šafranasta preslica


بترومين هي قرية لبنانية من قرى قضاء الكورة في محافظة الشمال.

تبعد من بيروت مسافة 82 كلم، وترتفع عن سطح البحر مسافة 310 م، مساحتها 341 هكتار - 3،41 كلم ² - 1،32 مي ².

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في لبنان
أماكن مأهولة في محافظة لبنان الشمالي
تجمعات أرثوذكسية شرقية في لبنان
قضاء الكورة
مدن لبنان
مستعمرات رومانية
مواقع أثرية رومانية في لبنان
مواقع أثرية في لبنان

بترومين (لبنان)


Lake Makgadikgadi (, ) was a paleolake that existed in what is now the Kalahari Desert in Botswana from 2,000,000 years BP to 10,000 years BP.  It may have once covered  an area of from  and was 30 m deep. The Okavango, Upper Zambezi, and Cuando rivers once all emptied into the lake. Its remains are seen in the Makgadikgadi salt pans, one of the largest salt pans in the world.

DNA research suggests the lake region is the homeland of Homo sapiens, where humans first evolved as a distinct species about 200,000 years ago, before expanding to other parts of Africa about 70,000 years later.

Origin and history
Approximately 3 million years ago, strong easterly winds formed long dunes, which ran from east to west across the middle of the Kalahari Desert. During wetter times, these dunes channeled the great rivers of the area, the Okavango, Chobe, and Upper Zambezi, southeastward to join with the Limpopo River and drain into the Indian Ocean.

Northern Botswana has a series of deep, underlying fault lines running beneath its sands. These faults are thought to be the southernmost extensions of the same system of parallel fault lines that are pulling away from each other and have formed East Africa's Great Rift Valley. Parts of the courses of both the Linyanti River and Chobe River, mark the line of these faults today.

Approximately 2 million years ago, the fault known as the Ovamboland-Kalahari-Zimbabwe axis (which runs from NE to SW  from Harare through Bulawayo and ends in the east side of the Kalahari desert) moved in an epeirogenic flexure, and cut off the drainage route into the Limpopo. The blocked outflow allowed for the creation of Lake Makgadikgadi.

The great Magwikwe Sand Ridge between Savuti and North Gate probably defined one of its northwestern shorelines. Another is thought to have been the less obvious Gidikwe Sand Ridge lying just to the west of the western border of the present Makgadikgadi National Park.

Wave-washed features can be found on several of the Kalahari's higher places in this region. The eastern side of the Ghoha Hills, north of Savuti, is a particularly clear example of this. Round, water-eroded pebbles can also be found.

As the millennia passed, the lake filled to capacity. It began to overflow  about 20,000 years ago, taking the lowest point in the watershed in the north east as its new outlet.  This caused the middle and lower Zambezi Rivers to connect, forming the Victoria Falls. With the water now able to flow out of the basin, Lake Makgadikgadi drained partially and its average level decreased.

A drier climatic period followed, which increased evaporation and decreased the flow of the rivers that fed the lake. By about 10,000 years ago the drying of Lake Makgadikgadi was in an advanced stage. Sediment and debris from the Okavango River and windblown sand were gradually filling the lake.

The Gumare fault formed and lowered the land. As a result, the water of the Okavango River spread out over a much larger area of land than it previously had, forming the now characteristic fan-shaped inland delta of the Okavango, which further reduced the water that flowed into Lake Makgadikgadi and hastened its demise.

Human origin theory
In October 2019, a team led by Vanessa Hayes proposed that land around Lake Makgadikgadi was the area where modern humans (Homo sapiens) first evolved. The findings are based on 1,217 samples of mitochondrial DNA, taken from populations in Southern Africa. The researchers were able to trace where the earliest maternal lineage of modern Homo sapiens emerged, about 200,000 years ago (200 kya). They concluded this was in an area south of the Zambezi River, encompassing parts of what's now known as Botswana, Namibia, and Zimbabwe. This corresponds to the shores of the ancient Lake Makgadikgadi.

The conclusion is  disputed by Chris Stringer, head of human origins at the Natural History Museum in London, and Sarah Tishkoff, a geneticist at the University of Pennsylvania.

Excavations of early Homo sapiens activities have been found at Ga-Mohana Hill in Northern Cape dated to 105,000 years ago (105 kya).

Ecology
Lake Makgadikgadi is theorised to have been the birthplace of the vast number of cichlids that once swam the Congo, Zambezi, Okavango and Limpopo rivers—as many as 100 to 400 new species, of which approximately 25 survive today. The lake's sheer size may have provided the ancestors of these fish with an extremely wide range of new ecological niches to exploit and thus could have served as the stimulus for the evolution of the new species, which they may have done in record time before the lake drained completely. The theory further says that the new species, after having evolved within the confines of the lake, could have escaped with the lakewater as it drained, and populated the rivers of the region to evolve into the cichlids that exist today.

In current times this land is desiccated most of the year and is a seasonal wetland in the rainy summer months.

Legacy

Today the only remains of Lake Makgadikgadi are the Okavango Delta, the Nxai Pan, Lake Ngami, Lake Xau, the Mababe Depression, and the two main Makgadikgadi pans: the Sua Pan and the Nwetwe Pan.

The Makgadikgadi Salt Pans are among the largest in the world and are formed from the last remnants of this great lake. The Okavango Delta is a very large, swampy inland delta formed where the Okavango River reaches the former bed of the lake. It is now an endorheic basin in which all the water reaching the basin is ultimately evaporated and transpired.

The other south draining rivers that once fed the lake have now all been captured by the Zambezi.

References

External links

Makgadikgadi
Geography of Botswana
Makgadikgadi Pan
Pleistocene
Makgadikgadi
Recent African origin of modern humans

Lake Makgadikgadi


May Godfrey Sutton (September 25, 1887 – October 4, 1975) was an American tennis player who was active during the first decades of the 20th century. At age 16 she won the singles title at the U.S. National Championships and in 1905 she became the first American player to win the singles title at Wimbledon.

Biography
May Sutton was born on September 25, 1887 in Plymouth, England, the youngest of seven children of Adolphus DeGrouchy Sutton, a captain in the Royal Navy and Adeline Esther Godfray. When she was six years old, Sutton's family moved to a ranch near Pasadena, California. It was there that she and her sisters played tennis on a court built by her father. As young ladies, May and her sisters, Violet, Florence, and Ethel, dominated the California tennis circuit. In addition to being accomplished tennis players, the girls were excellent basketball players. May, Florence and Violet were all on the Pasadena High School basketball team, which went undefeated in 1900. In 1904 at age 16 years and 9 months, May Sutton won the singles title at the U.S. Championships on her first attempt and became the youngest US champion in history. She also teamed with Miriam Hall to win the women's doubles title and came close to making it a clean sweep by advancing to the mixed doubles final.

She was unable to defend her U.S. title as she traveled to England in May 1905 to compete in the Wimbledon Championships. In June, she won the grass court Northern Championships in Manchester, defeating Hilda Lane in the final. Sutton became the first American and first non-British woman to win the Wimbledon singles title when she beat British star and reigning two-time Wimbledon champion Dorothea Douglass Chambers in the challenge round. She did it while shocking the British audience by rolling up her sleeves to bare her elbows and wearing a skirt that showed her ankles. For the next two years, she and Chambers met in the final, with Chambers recapturing the title in 1906 and Sutton winning it back in 1907.

Sutton was the 1908 Rose Parade Queen in Pasadena.

On December 11, 1912, she married Tom Bundy, who was a three-time winner of the men's doubles title at the U.S. Championships, and semi-retired to raise a family. However, in 1921 at the age of 35, she made a comeback and became the fourth-ranked player in the U.S. In 1925, she was a women's doubles finalist at the U.S. Championships and, although almost forty years of age, her game was strong enough to be selected for America's Wightman Cup team. In 1922 and 1923, she won the women's singles in the Ojai Tennis Tournament. She was a Wimbledon quarterfinalist in 1929 at the age of 42, which was the first time she had played Wimbledon since 1907. In 1928 and 1929, she and her daughter Dorothy Cheney became the only mother/daughter combination to be seeded at the U.S. Championships. Her nephew, John Doeg, won the U.S. Championships in 1930, and in 1938, daughter Dorothy won the Australian Championships.

In 1956, Sutton was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame. She never stopped playing tennis and was playing regularly well into her late 80s.

Sutton died of cancer on October 4, 1975, in Santa Monica, California and was interred in the local Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery.

Playing style
Eight-time U.S. National Championship winner Molla Bjurstedt Mallory indicated that Sutton was the best player she had met. "Her drive was the fastest and the...most difficult...to handle, because it dove suddenly to the ground and then jumped up unexpectedly with queer curves. When she could keep her drives near the baseline, they either forced me back farther than I had been accustomed to play or compelled me to make errors. She was also strong overhead when she came to the net and altogether had more power and effectiveness than any other woman tennis player of her time". Sutton played with an extreme Western grip and had a powerful topspin forehand that made the ball dip and bound high.

Grand Slam finals

Singles : 3 titles, 1 runner-up

Doubles : 1 title, 1 runner-up

Mixed doubles : 1 runner-up

See also
 Queens of the Rose Parade

References

Additional sources

External links

 Grave spotlight

1887 births
1975 deaths
19th-century female tennis players
American female tennis players
English emigrants to the United States
Sportspeople from Pasadena, California
Sportspeople from Plymouth, Devon
International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees
Tennis people from California
United States National champions (tennis)
Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era)
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's singles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's doubles
Burials at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica

May Sutton


رجب فوق صفيح ساخن هو فيلم كوميدي مصري عرض عام 1979، بطولة عادل إمام وسعيد صالح وناهد شريف، من تأليف ماهر إبراهيمومن إخراج أحمد فؤاد.

قصة الفيلم
رجب فتى من الفلاحين يكلفه أهل قريته أن يذهب إلى المدينة لشراء محراث ليستخدموة في زراعة الأرض، يسلموه ثمن المحراث الذي تكفلوا بقيمته. وعندما يصل إلى المدينة يأتيه أحد اللصوص ويسرق بطاقته الشخصية ويذهب بها إلى شخص يدعى بلبل ويتعرف بلبل عليه من خلال بطاقته فيذهب اليه ويخبره بأنه يعرفه ويعرف والده فياخذه إلى مطعم للكباب وثم كازينو وبعدما يثق رجب في بلبل يعطيه فلوس المحراث فيهرب بلبل ويقع رجب في حبائل النصابين في المدينة، وبعد مغامرات عدة ينضم هو إلى مجموعة هؤلاء النصابين ليبدأ هناك حياة جديدة.

طاقم التمثيل
 عادل إمام: (رجب عبد البر)
 سعيد صالح: (بلبل)
 ناهد شريف: (إجلال)
 ناهد جبر: (انشراح)
 ميمي جمال: (صاحبة الكلبة)
 علي الشريف: (صبحي)
 زوزو شكيب: (ريري)
 سعاد حسين: (مدام شوشو)
 أميمة سليم
 سيف الله مختار: (عبد العال)
 مظهر أبو النجا: (عوضين)
 محمود العراقي
 أبو الفتوح عمارة: (غباشي)
 جورج سيدهم: (أبو المعاطي - ضيف شرف)
 وحيد سيف: (أبو دومة - ضيف شرف)
 حافظ أمين: (شيخ متولي)
 أحمد عامر
 إبراهيم قدري: (العمدة)
 سامي العدل
 منى عبد الله: (إحدى رواد الكباريه)
 هندام محمد
 صلاح صادق: (عبده - جرسون المطعم)
 عصمت نعمان
 مختار السيد: (ضابط)
 ميشيل نجم
 محمد أبو حشيش: (المعلم عبد الستار)
 سيد محمود
 عبد الحميد المنير
 عبد المنعم النمر
 فوزي إبراهيم
 حسن توتالة
 إبراهيم أبو سعده
 جرير منصور
 شعبان طه
 علي الشريف الصغير: (مسافر في المحطة)
 بدرية عبد الجواد: (سكيرة بالكباريه)
 صلاح الصغير: (المطرب)
 نجوى حسن: (الراقصة)

فريق العمل
 إخراج: أحمد فؤاد
 تأليف: ماهر إبراهيم
 مدير التصوير: عصام فريد
 مونتاج: عبد العزيز فخري
 إنتاج: أفلام حسين ياقوت
 توزيع داخلي: أفلام إيهاب الليثي
 توزيع خارجي: الشركة اللبنانية للتجارة والاستثمار السينمائي (صبّاح إخوان)

مراجع

روابط خارجية

أفلام عادل إمام
أفلام سعيد صالح
أفلام ناهد شريف
أفلام ميمي جمال
أفلام أبو الفتوح عمارة
أفلام مصرية إنتاج 1979
أفلام كوميدية مصرية
أفلام زوزو شكيب
أفلام ناهد جبر
أفلام عن راقصات

رجب فوق صفيح ساخن (فيلم)


Ivan II. Ernušt Čakovečki (lat. Johannes Ernusth, mađ. Ernust János)  (? — ? 1531.), ugarski i hrvatski velikaš židovskog podrijetla, hrvatski ban (1508. – 1509.), zajedno s Jurjem Kaniškim.

Životopis

Bio je sin Ivana I., bana cijele Slavonije. Proširio je obiteljske posjede na kaštele Đurđevac, Prodavić (danas Virje) i Koprivnicu, a dobio je i potvrdu prava na posjede u Međimurju. Uživao je, kao i njegov otac, naklonost kralja Matije Korvina (1458. – 1490.) te Vladislava II. (1490. – 1516.) kojima je osiguravao potrebna novčana sredstva.

Godine 1493. Ivan II. je postao vrhovni meštar kraljevskih konjušnika (agazonum regis magister), a 1508. godine kralj Vladislav II. imenovao ga je, zajedno s Jurjem Kaniškim, za hrvatskog bana i senjskog kapetana. Dotadašnji banovi Marko Mišljenović i Andrija Bot od Bajne nisu se htjeli odreći banske časti, tako da je njegova vlast ostala ograničena na Slavoniju, zbog čega je u Hrvatskoj nastupilo bezvlađe.

U dinastičkim borbama, nakon Mohačke bitke 1526. godine, bio je na strani Ivana Zapolje. Dana 5. studenog 1527. godine položio je zakletvu Ferdinandu I. kao kralju, da bi se potom odmetnuo i opet podržao Zapolju. Kasnije se ponovno pridružio Ferdinandu, zbog čega mu je poharao posjede zagrebački biskup Šimun Erdődy, pristaša Ivana Zapolje.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Ivan Ernušt - Hrvatski biografski leksikon

Hrvatski banovi
Mađarsko plemstvo
Židovi u Hrvatskoj

Ivan II. Ernušt


Josh Billings was the pen name of 19th-century American humorist Henry Wheeler Shaw (April 21, 1818October 14, 1885). He was a famous humor writer and lecturer in the United States during the latter half of the 19th century.  He is often compared to Mark Twain.

Biography

Shaw was born in Lanesborough, Massachusetts on April 21, 1818.  His father was Henry Shaw, who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1817 to 1821, and his grandfather Samuel Shaw who also served in the U.S. Congress from 1808 to 1813.  His uncle was John Savage, yet another Congressman.

Shaw attended Hamilton College, but was expelled in his second year for removing the clapper of the campus bell. He married Zipha E. Bradford in 1845.

Shaw worked as a farmer, coal miner, explorer, and auctioneer before he began making a living as a journalist and writer in Poughkeepsie, New York, in 1858. Under the pseudonym "Josh Billings" he wrote in an informal voice full of the slang of the day, with often eccentric phonetic spelling, dispensing wit and folksy common-sense wisdom. His books include Farmers' Allminax, Josh Billings' Sayings, Everybody's Friend, Choice Bits of American Wit and Josh Billings' Trump Kards.
He toured, giving lectures of his writings, which were very popular with the audiences of the day.  He was also reputed to be the eponymous author of the "Uncle Ezek's Wisdom" column in the Century Magazine.

Billings died in Monterey, California, on October 14, 1885. Billings' death is described in Chapter 12 of John Steinbeck's fictional Cannery Row.  According to Steinbeck's homage, Billings died in the Hotel del Monte in Monterey after which his body was delivered for burial preparation by the local constable to the town's only doctor, who also doubled as an amateur mortician.  The doctor, per his usual embalming protocol, dispensed of Billings' entrails by tossing them into the gulch behind his house before packing the torso with sawdust. The stomach, liver and intestines were found in the gulch the following morning by a dog whose master, a small boy, intended on using them for fish bait.  Some local men, realizing the disgrace this could bring to Monterey—a town proud of its literary heritage—were able to stop the boy as he was preparing to row out to sea, retrieved the tripas and forced the doctor to give Billings' organs a proper burial befitting a great author.

Billings' daughter Grace Shaw Duff donated money for the building of Wilhenford Hospital in Augusta, Georgia, which opened in 1910.  The name combined a syllable of her father's' name (Hen) with her husband's and son's.

Legacy and attributed quotations

His saying, "In the whole history of the world there is but one thing that money can not buy... to wit the wag of a dog's tail" appears at the beginning of the Disney film Lady and the Tramp.

The phrase, "Love is like measles... the later in life it occurs, the tougher it gets," was quoted as being Josh Billings' in Jan Karon's book, A Light in the Window.

While the Squeaky Wheel analysis was used in different forms before Billings, his poem, "The Kicker" brought the idiom into common usage of American language. The term "kicker" at the time in the 1800s was another term for a complainer. The poem is:

"Consider the postage stamp, son. It secures success through its ability to stick to one thing till it gets there."

"Solitude is a good place to visit, but a poor place to stay."

"I honestly believe it iz better tew know nothing than tew know what ain't so."  Another variation: "It is better to know less than to know so much that ain't so."

The Hong Kong movie Revenge: A Love Story ends with his quote "There is no revenge so complete as forgiveness."

"The old miser who has accumulated his millions, and sits down on them afterwards, reminds me of a fly that has fallen into a barrel of molasses".

Although some news sources, such as Grammarist and numismatic sources cite Josh Billings as the origin for the term "joshing," this is incorrect. As noted by author Joshua D Glawson, the term "joshing" has been documented as early as 1835, as well as 1845, 1875, 1878, 1887, 1891, and 1898 with no reference to Josh Billings or the character Josh Tatum. The name Josh was a part of the character choice by Henry Wheeler Shaw, to be an average man on the side of imbecilic.

References

External links

 Josh Billings at The Quotations Page
 The Great Josh Billings Runaground Triathlon
 Joshing - Origin & Meaning from Grammarist

1818 births
1885 deaths
American humorists
American coal miners
Hamilton College (New York) alumni
People from Berkshire County, Massachusetts

Josh Billings


An Willkommia sarmentosa in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Eduard Hackel. An Willkommia sarmentosa in nahilalakip ha genus nga Willkommia, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Willkommia

Willkommia sarmentosa


අරුණි මධූෂා රාජපක්ෂ ශ්‍රී ලාංකික නිළියක, නිවේදිකාවක සහ දක්ෂ නිරූපිකාවක වෙයි. 2007 වර්ෂයේ ශ්‍රී ලංකා විශ්ව රූ රැජින කිරුළ හිමිකරගත්තේද ඇයයි.

ශ්‍රී ලංකා රූ රැජින
2005 වර්ෂයේදී පැවැති කැප්රි රූ රැජිණ තරඟයේ ජයග්‍රහණය හිමි කර ගනිමින්, ප්‍රථම වතාවට රූ රැජින කිරුළක් හිමිකරගත් අරුණි, 2007 වසරේදී ශ්‍රී ලංකා රූ රැජින ලෙසද කිරුළ හිමිකරගත්තාය. එම වසරේදීම ශ්‍රී ලංකාව නියෝජනය කරමින් ජාත්‍යන්තර රූ රැජින තරඟයට සහ ජාත්‍යන්තර සංචාරක රූ රැජිණ තරඟයටද ඉදිරිපත් වූ ඇය, 2008 වසරේදී විශ්ව රූ රැජින තරඟයේදීද ශ්‍රී ලංකාව නියෝජනය කලාය. 2007 වසරේ ජාත්‍යන්තර රූ රැජින තරඟයේදී අවසන් තරඟකාරියන් 15 දෙනා අතරට සුදුසුකම් ලැබීමට අරුණි සමත් වූවාය.

රංගන ක්ෂේත්‍රයට පිවිසීම
2012 වර්ෂයේ නිකුත් වූ සුපර් සික්ස් චිත්‍රපටිය හරහා ශ්‍රී ලංකා සිනමා ක්ෂේත්‍රයට පිවිසි අරුණි, ඊට පොරෝතුව මෙරට රූපවාහිනී වෙළෙඳ දැන්වීම් ගණනාවකටද සිය රංගන දායකත්වය ලබා දී තිබෙයි.

රංගනයන්

ආශ්‍රිත

බාහිර සබැඳි
අරුණි රාජපක්ෂ ඉන් සිංහල සිනමා ඩේටාබේස්

1984 උපත්

අරුණි රාජපක්ෂ


An Brocchinia cataractarum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Noel Yvri Sandwith, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Bruce K. Holst. An Brocchinia cataractarum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Brocchinia, ngan familia nga Bromeliaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Guyana. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Brocchinia

Brocchinia cataractarum


El término tángara goteada puede referirse a:

 Un nombre común de la especie de ave Ixothraupis guttata;
 Un nombre común de la especie de ave Ixothraupis punctata.

Tángara goteada


Nisbetiye, Beşiktaş İlçesi'nin mahallerinden biridir.

Zincirlikuyu'nun doğusunda yer alır. I. Levent adı da verilen Levent merkezinin güneyinden başlayarak, Ortaköy'ün üstündeki sırtlara dek uzanır. Doğusunda Etiler bulunur. 1960'lı yıllarda kurulan mahallenin ana arterlere yakın kısımları iş merkezleri, iç kısımları ise yerleşim yeridir.

Kaynakça

Beşiktaş'ın mahalleleri

Nisbetiye


Nakkerud Station (Nakkerud stasjon) er en tidligere jernbanestation på Randsfjordbanen, der ligger i byområdet Nakkerud i Ringerike kommune i Norge.

Stationen åbnede 1. oktober 1874, seks år efter at strækningen mellem Vikersund og Hønefoss stod færdig. Stationen var bemandet indtil 1. januar 1971, hvor den blev nedgraderet til trinbræt med læssespor. Stationsbygningen, der var opført i træ efter tegninger af Georg Andreas Bull, blev revet ned i 1992, hvorefter passagerne måtte tage til takke med et læskur. Betjeningen med persontog ophørte 7. januar 2001, men stationen fremgår stadig af Jernbaneverkets stationsoversigt.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

 Nakkerud Station på Norske jernbanestasjoner

Noter

Stationer på Randsfjordbanen
Jernbanestationer i Norge uden persontrafik
Etableret i 1874
Jernbanestationer i Viken

Nakkerud Station


Orçun Sonat, doğum adıyla Orçun Alkan, (1 Ocak 1941, Samsun - 24 Şubat 2007, Ankara) Türk sinema ve tiyatro oyuncusudur.

Hayatı
Orçun Sonat, Samsun'da doğdu. İlkokuldan sonra Ankara Devlet Konservatuvarı Piyano Bölümü'ne girdi. Kuleli Askeri Lisesi ve Kara Harp Okulu'nu bitirdikten sonra Üsteğmen rütbesiyle görev yaptığı Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri'nden 1969 yılında ayrıldı ve tiyatroya geçti. Lale Oraloğlu tiyatrosunda profesyonel sanat yaşamına başladı. 4 yıl süreyle aynı tiyatroda oynadı. 1971'de yapımcılığını Lale Oraloğlu'nun yaptığı "Bir Kadın Tuzağı" filmiyle sinemaya geçti. İlk önceleri ikinci derecede rollerde gözüktü, sonra baş rollere yükseldi. 1974'te yapılan Antalya Altın Portakal Film Yarışması'nda Hülya Koçyiğit ile baş rolleri paylaştıkları, Orhan Kemal'in romanından uyarlanan "Sokaklardan Bir kız" adlı filmdeki rolüyle, "En iyi yardımcı erkek oyuncu" ödülünü kazandı. 1980'de tekrar Oraloğlu Tiyatrosu'na ortak oldu. Sonraki yıllarında televizyon dizilerinde rol aldı.

Özel hayatı ve ölümü
Kendisi gibi tiyatro-sinema-dizi oyuncusu Selma Sonat'la evlenip ayrıldı.Bu evlilikten Orsel adlı bir kızı ve Selçun adında bir oğlu oldu. Ardından Sevgi Günel'le evlendi. Vuslat -Fatih Orkun adlarında çocukları oldu. Türk Sineması'nın ve tiyatrosunun usta oyuncusu Orçun Sonat, akciğer kanseri nedeniyle üç yıldır tedavi gördüğü Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi'nde (GATA) 24 Şubat 2007 tarihinde öldü. Selimiye Camisi'nde kılınan cenaze namazının ardından Kurtköy Mezarlığı'nda toprağa verildi.

Filmografisi

 1970: Ana Gibi Yar Olmaz
 1971: Bir Kadın Tuzağı
 1971: Demir Yumruk Devler Geliyor
 1972: Ekmekçi Kadın
 1972: Acı Kader
 1972: Ah Koca Dünya
 1972: Asi Kalpler
 1972: Aşka Selam Kavgaya Devam
 1972: Aşkların En Güzeli
 1972: Ölüm Bebekleri
 1972: Ölümle Sevişenler
 1972: Süper Adam Kadınlar Arasında
 1972: Süpermen Geliyor
 1973: Asiye Nasıl Kurtulur
 1973: Hazreti Ömer
 1973: Mahpus
 1973: Ömer Hayyam
 1973: Rabia / İlk Kadın Evliya
 1973: Satılık Kadın
 1973: Sazlık
 1973: Sevda Yolu
 1973: Yalancı / Çok Yalnızım
 1974: Kanlı Deniz
 1974: Şehitler
 1974: Sezercik Küçük Mücahit
 1974: Aman Ne Gırgır
 1974: Evet Mi Hayır Mı
 1974: Gecelerin Ötesi / İster Darıl İster Sarıl
 1974: Hasret
 1974: Izdırap
 1974: Kahramanlar
 1974: Kardeşim
 1974: Mağlup Edilemeyenler
 1974: Tanrım Beni Baştan Yarat
 1974: Zavallılar
 1975: Civciv Çıkacak Kuş Çıkacak
 1975: Delicesine
 1975: Panik
 1975: Sevişmek Bir Dakika
 1975: Sokaklardan Bir Kız
 1975: Tamam Mı Devam Mı
 1975: Yaşamak Daha Zor
 1975: Ye Kürküm Ye
 1976: Arabacının Aşkı
 1976: Beş Dakikada Beşiktaş
 1976: Hayatın Gerçek Tadı
 1976: İntikam Meleği / Kadın Hamlet
 1976: Islak Dudaklar
 1976: Kuklalar
 1976: Sürgün
 1976: Tavşan Kızlar
 1977: Baskın
 1977: Benim Altı Sevgilim
 1977: Dolandırıcı Aşıklar
 1977: Ölmeyen Şarkı
 1977: Onu Kötü Vurdular
 1978: Şahit
 1978: Uyanış
 1982: Baskın
 1982: Sekiz Sütuna Manşet
 1983: Üç İstanbul
 1987: Belene
 1987: Cennet Gözlüm
 1987: Kara Bir Gün
 1987: Kuruluş / Osmancık
 1987: Mesela Muzaffer
 1987: Sabır Allah'ım
 1987: Sefiller
 1987: Son Ümit
 1987: Üç Halka Yirmibeş
 1989: Gece Dansı Tutsakları
 1990: Çiçekler Açmak İster
 1990: Hep Ezildim
 1990: Sabah Olmasın
 1991: Bir Kadın
 1991: Portatif Hüseyin
 1991: Yuva
 1992: Çöp
 1992: Sürgün
 1993: Deli Balta
 1993: Geceler
 1993: İftira / Hasan Sezai Hz.
 1993: Kavak Ailesi
 1993: Su Gibi Berrak
 1993: Üç Kişilik Dünya
 1993: Uyanış / Davud-i Tai Hz.
 1994: Abdulkadir-i Geylani Hz. / Batmayan Güneş
 1994: Garip Bir Kolleksiyoncu
 1994: Geçmişin İzleri
 1995: Kader
 1995: Yorgun Ölüm
 1996: Çiçek Taksi
 1997: Acı Günler
 1997: Gurbetçiler
 1998: Aynalı Tahir
 1998: Gizli Aşk
 1998: Güzel Günler
 1998: Sibel
 1999: Mualla
 1999: Şampiyon
 2000: Bize Ne Oldu
 2000: Gurbet Sancısı
 2000: Kiralık Kadın
 2000: Zehirli Çiçek
 2001: Aşkına Eşkıya
 2001: Bizim Aile
 2001: Güz Gülleri
 2001: Sultan
 2001: Ünlü Yıldız
 2002: Gülbeyaz
 2002: Sırlar Dünyası / Sır Kapısı
 2003: Alacakaranlık
 2003: Kurşun Yarası
 2003: Yeşilçam Denizi
 2004: Çemberimde Gül Oya
 2004: Kalp Gözü
 2004: Paydos
 2004: Yusuf Yüzlü
 2006: Beşinci Boyut
 2006: Gizli Tünel
 2006: Memleket Hikâyeleri - Ahçik

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Filmografisi
 Ölüm haberi

Kurtköy Mezarlığı'na defnedilenler
1940 doğumlular
Samsun doğumlu oyuncular
2007 yılında ölenler
Türk erkek sinema oyuncuları
Türk erkek tiyatro oyuncuları
Türk askerî personel
Akciğer kanserinden ölenler
Kuleli Askerî Lisesinde öğrenim görenler
Kara Harp Okulunda öğrenim görenler

Orçun Sonat


سافيو نسيريكو  لاعب كرة قدم ألماني الجنسية أوغندي المولد يلعب حاليا لصالح نادي الدرجة الأولى فيورنتينا الإيطالي منذ 2009 في مركز الجناح كما يجيد اللعب في مركز المهاجم .

روابط خارجية

مراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية ألمان مغتربون
أجنحة كرة قدم
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
ألمان متجنسون
ألمان من أصل أوغندي
أوغنديون مهاجرون إلى ألمانيا
رياضيون ألمان مغتربون في إنجلترا
رياضيون من كامبالا
لاعبو الدوري الألماني الدرجة الثالثة
لاعبو الدوري الألماني الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري الإنجليزي الممتاز
لاعبو الدوري الإيطالي الدرجة الثانية
لاعبو الدوري البلغاري لكرة القدم الدرجة الأولى
لاعبو إف كي أتيراو
لاعبو بريشيا
لاعبو بولونيا
لاعبو تشيرنوموريتس بورغاس
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الإنجليزي
لاعبو دوري الدرجة الأولى الليتواني
لاعبو دوري كازاخستان الممتاز
لاعبو فيكتوريا كولن 1904
لاعبو فيورنتينا
لاعبو كرة قدم ألمان
لاعبو كرة قدم أوغنديون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية ألمانيون
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في بلغاريا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في رومانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في كازاخستان
لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية مغتربون في ليتوانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون ألمان
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إنجلترا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في إيطاليا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في بلغاريا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في رومانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في كازاخستان
لاعبو كرة قدم مغتربون في ليتوانيا
لاعبو كرة قدم من كامبالا
لاعبو منتخب ألمانيا لكرة القدم للشباب
لاعبو ميونخ 1860
لاعبو نادي أونترهاخينغ
لاعبو نادي بيروي ستارا زاغورا
لاعبو نادي فاسلوي
لاعبو نادي فيريا
لاعبو نادي يوفيا ستابيا الرياضي
لاعبو وست هام يونايتد
مدربو كرة القدم
مدربو كرة قدم ألمان
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
مواليد 1989
مواليد في كامبالا

سافيو نسيريكو


Union Station is a major railway station and intermodal transportation hub in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located on Front Street West, on the south side of the block bounded by Bay Street and York Street in downtown Toronto. The municipal government of Toronto owns the station building while the provincial transit agency Metrolinx owns the train shed and trackage. Union Station has been a National Historic Site of Canada since 1975, and a Heritage Railway Station since 1989. It is operated by the Toronto Terminals Railway, a joint venture of the Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway that directs and controls train movement along the Union Station Rail Corridor, the largest and busiest rail corridor in Canada.

Its central position in Canada's busiest inter-city rail service area, "The Corridor", as well as being the central hub of GO Transit's commuter rail service, makes Union Station Canada's busiest transportation facility and the second-busiest railway station in North America (behind New York Penn Station), serving over 72million passengers each year. More than half of all Canadian inter-city passengers and 91 percent of Toronto commuter train passengers travel through Union Station.

Via Rail and Amtrak provide inter-city train services while GO Transit operates regional rail services. The station is also connected to the subway and streetcar system of the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) at its adjacent namesake subway station. GO Transit's Union Station Bus Terminal, located in CIBC Square, is connected to Union Station by a  enclosed walkway above Bay Street. The Union Pearson Express, which provides train service to Toronto Pearson International Airport, has a platform a short walk west of the main station building, accessible by the SkyWalk.

Site location

Toronto's Union Station is located at 61 Front Street West, between Bay and York Streets in Toronto's business district, with Toronto's Entertainment District beginning across Bay Street. It is roughly at the city's east-west centre. It is also close to Lake Ontario, which marks Toronto's southern boundary. The southernmost part of the Gardiner Expressway, which lies between Union Station and Lake Ontario, provides easy core access to GO Transit buses. Union Station's columned façade and main entrance faces north, towards downtown Toronto. The Fairmont Royal York Hotel, a former railway hotel, is directly across Front Street from Union Station and can be accessed from the station both at street level and via an underground passageway called Path. The Dominion Public Building, another building from the same era, is just to the east of the station, at the corner of Front and Bay Streets.

Other major buildings near Union Station are Telus Tower, Royal Bank Plaza, and Brookfield Place. Brookfield Place is home to the Allen Lambert Galleria, a six story high pedestrian thoroughfare, as well as the Hockey Hall of Fame, which holds the Stanley Cup.

Scotiabank Arena, Rogers Centre, Metro Toronto Convention Centre, and the CN Tower are all close by, and are visible from some parts of the station. Like Union Station, these structures were built on former Railway Lands. All of them can be accessed directly from Union Station via the Skywalk. The land around the CN Tower has been converted to a public park. Union Station will soon be linked via a Path bridge on the east side to the Backstage Condominium building at the corner of Esplanade and Yonge Street.

Structure
Toronto's Union Station is Canada's largest and most opulent railway station. The Montreal architecture firm of Ross and Macdonald designed the building in the Beaux-Arts style as a joint venture between the Grand Trunk Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway, with help from CPR architect Hugh Jones and Toronto architect John M. Lyle. In 1975, the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada cited its design as being of "national architectural significance as one of the finest examples of Beaux-Arts railway station design in Canada".

The bilaterally symmetrical building comprises three connecting box masses facing Front Street West, with the main structure in the middle. Together, the three parts measure  long and occupy the entire south side of the block between Bay Street in the east and York Street in the west.

The exterior Front Street façade is laid out in an ashlar pattern, constructed with smooth beige Indiana and Queenston limestone. The colonnaded loggia which faces Front Street features 22 equally spaced Roman Tuscan columns made from Bedford limestone, each  high and weighing 75 tons. Fourteen three-storey bays, each with severely delineated fenestration, form the façade on either side of the central colonnade for a total of 28 bays. The structures at either end have an additional ten bays. Three rectangular windows fill each bay, lighting the interior hall with plenty of natural light. However, the building's external profile is hard and flat, with a line of huge columns, heavy ornamentation and strong symmetry.

The recessed main entrance is framed by two sets of four columns, with relief wreaths carved into the entablature above the columns. These columns are composed of three separate segments on top of an incongruous octagonal plinth, implying an Ionic order or Corinthian order; however, the capital is sculpted in a Doric order. Consequently, these columns appear to be unfinished. The original plan for the columns is not known.

A wraparound dentil cornice and a recessed peaked hipped roof creates the illusion of a flat roof, just like a palazzo. On either side of the main entrance, a blind arch with an ornamental keystone contains a set of three steel-framed doors, along with a large arched window. Decorative friezes separate the arched window from the doors. When these entryway elements are combined, they create a processional experience through the entryway into the grand interior space. The flat-roof illusion, together with the axial symmetry, classical detailing in both structural and decorative elements, heavy ornamentation, and formal setting is typical of the Beaux-Arts style.

The station housed a gun range on the seventh floor from 1927 until 2008. The range was operated for "Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National Railway police to practice their shooting skills. It eventually opened to members of the public". It was known as the Canadian National Recreation Association (CNRA) handgun club. The city closed the range in 2008 as a symbolic gesture to its effort to reduce gun violence.

Great Hall and Via Concourse
The front entranceway opens on to the expansive Ticket Lobby, informally known as the "Great Hall". This part of Union Station runs the entire length of the main section. It is  long and  high at its highest point. Like the outside facade, enduring materials such as bronze, limestone, marble, tiles, and translucent glass create a sense of enduring quality.

The entire space is lit with diffused natural light from clerestory windows refracted throughout the lobby. Each end of the Great Hall also features four-storey tall arched windows, based on those of Roman baths.

The two-storey-high vaulted ceiling, which is what makes it look from the front as though a second building were rising behind the colonnade, is made of coffered Guastavino tiles. The walls are faced with Zumbro stone from Missouri, and the floors are constructed of Tennessee marble laid in a herringbone pattern. Below the cornice surrounding the "Great Hall" are carved the names of many Canadian destinations, from the east coast to Vancouver, accessible by the Grand Trunk Railway or Canadian Pacific Railway at the time of the station's construction. Many remain destinations on Via Rail routes.

While historically shared by many different services, the Great Hall is now occupied primarily by Via Rail, whose agents also provide services to Amtrak passengers. The hall is home to Via's ticket and baggage desks, business class lounge, and several small displays, as well as the station's grand clock, a Traveller's Aid desk, and Via's departure board.

GO concourses and teamways

Passengers can connect with GO Transit services through the  York Concourse, which opened on April 27, 2015, west of Union Station. This new concourse supplemented the York South Concourse that provided access to platforms 24 to 27. The York and York South Concourses connect to the York East Teamway, as well as an entrance to a Path tunnel leading across Front Street, between York Street and University Avenue. The York West Teamway is connected to Union Station via the Skywalk.

Historically, the  Bay Street Concourse was the hub of GO Transit operations for almost 40 years. The Bay Concourse was closed on August 16, 2015, for revitalization, and reopened on July 27, 2021. The concourse features 72 departure screens, 30 Presto devices, seven ticket vending machines and six self-service Presto reload machines. Both the Bay and York concourses give access to GO train platforms.

The Bay West Teamway provides access to platforms 4 to 13 and the Bay South Concourse. The Bay East Teamway provides indoor access to platforms 4 to 13 directly from the Union Station Bus Terminal.

, Metrolinx is constructing the new South Concourse. This will connect the south ends of the Bay, Via and York Concourses, and span between Bay and York Streets. It will also provide access to Union Square and Scotiabank Arena.

Train shed

Trains arrive and depart from the train shed, which contains 23 platforms (11 island platforms and one side platform) south of the Great Hall. On May 11, 2009, the last two platforms were opened, platforms 24/25 between tracks 12 and 13 and platforms 26/27 between tracks 13 and 14 on the south side of the train shed.  Metrolinx was having platforms 24 to 27 and their three tracks demolished on the south side of the station in order to replace them with two new tracks and two new wider platforms to increase safety and capacity.

The train shed was designed by A.R. Ketterson and built between 1929 and 1930. It is a variation of the Bush train shed invented by Lincoln Bush. A reconstruction of the train shed began in January 2010. The east and west sides of the shed, totalling approximately  were renovated and restored with input from Parks Canada to help preserve its heritage character. This renovation came with plans to have a green roof installed, reducing the urban heat island effect and stormwater runoff; however, with the project being almost eight years behind and multiple times over budget, along with the fact that plant-watering logistics would clash with the planned overhead wiring for electrification, the addition of a green roof was cancelled. The central portion of the original train shed, totalling , was removed and replaced with a glass atrium. The structure floats above the tracks and allows daylight to reach the platforms.

Platform 3 is the northernmost platform at Union Station and is the only platform at the station serving just one track. It reopened for service on January 10, 2022, after a renovation of its heritage features. Allowing a lower, lighter shed roof in the age of steam, the smoke vents over tracks 1 and 2 are a preserved heritage feature of the platform 3 area; these were restored. The decorative, cast-iron columns along the platform were restored and reinstalled. Other structural renovations were done along the length of the platform. Once the north tower of the CIBC Square is completed, stair and elevator access will be reinstated between platform 3 and the Bay East Teamway.

The 23 platforms are numbered from 3 to 27, but there is no platform 1, 2, 23 or 24. The platforms were renumbered in 2008 for the benefit of operational staff in order to provide a correlation between platform numbers and track numbers. (Prior to the renumbering, the platform numbers had an A or B suffix that proved to be confusing for both customers and operational staff.) Tracks and platforms are each numbered from north to south with track 1 being beside platform 3 on the north side of the train shed. There is an island platform between all pairs of tracks except between tracks 1 and 2 and tracks 11 and 12. Odd numbered platforms are on the north side of a track while even numbered platforms are on the south side of a track. There is a formula to compute the platform number given the track number, with an exception for track 1:
 The number for the platform on the south side of a track equals two times the track number.
 The number for the platform on the north side of a track equals two times the track number minus one, except for track 1 where the platform number is set to 3 rather than 1.

Occasionally, freight trains from both Canadian National and Canadian Pacific networks pass through Union Station using two tracks on the south side of the train shed.

West wing and SkyWalk
Union Station's west wing is west of the Great Hall. Metrolinx is headquartered in the west wing at 97 Front Street. Across from these offices is an official tourism information centre that provides maps, visitor guides, brochures and tourism specialists to provide help to city visitors.

A pathway known as the SkyWalk continues west from the west wing, overtop of York Street. The SkyWalk is considered part of the Path network, and connects Union to the CN Tower and Rogers Centre. It is also the location of the Union Pearson Express station.

History

Predecessor stations

The current Union Station's history can be traced to 1858, when the Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) opened Toronto's first Union Station west of the present Union Station. The wooden structure was shared with the Northern Railway and the Great Western Railway. This structure was replaced by a second Union Station on the same site, opening in 1873. The Canadian Pacific Railway began using the facility in 1884 and it was completely rebuilt, opening in 1896.

The Great Toronto Fire of 1904 destroyed the block south of Front Street West, immediately east of the second Union Station (bounded by Bay and York streets), but did not damage the station. The GTR acquired this land east of the second Union Station for a new passenger terminal and in 1905 both the GTR and the CPR decided to proceed with the design and construction of a third union station.

The decision to undertake the third union station was made against a backdrop of significant change in the Canadian railway industry. At the same time, the Government of Canada was encouraging the GTR to build a second transcontinental railway (what would become the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway and the National Transcontinental Railway) and the Canadian Northern Railway was undertaking an aggressive expansion across the prairies and into southern Ontario.

Construction

On July 13, 1906, the Toronto Terminals Railway (TTR) was incorporated to "construct, provide, maintain and operate at the City of Toronto a union passenger station". The TTR was jointly owned by the GTR and the CPR who each held 50% of the TTR shares. The TTR supervised construction of the new station which began in 1914 and proceeded to 1920, having faced significant delays in the shortage of construction material and workers as a result of the First World War, as well as the GTR's deteriorating financial position due to its ill-fated transcontinental GTPR railway project.

The resulting construction saw the elimination of Lorne Street located between Simcoe and Bay from Front to Esplanade with tracks leading west of the new station now in place.

Although the new station's headhouse and east and west office wings (the station building visible from Front Street West) were completed in 1920, it did not open to the public for another seven years, until the system of approach tracks was designed and implemented by the TTR and its owners. During this time in 1923, the bankrupt GTR was fully nationalized by the Government of Canada and merged into the Canadian National Railways (CNR), which would assume the GTR's 50% ownership of the TTR and thus the third Union Station.

Opening and further construction

Although the station was incomplete, its building was complete and the station was opened by Prince Edward, Prince of Wales, on August 6, 1927, in a ribbon-cutting ceremony, using a pair of gold scissors. In attendance were Prince George, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario William Donald Ross and his wife, Prime Minister of Canada William Lyon Mackenzie King, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Stanley Baldwin and Mrs. Baldwin, Premier of Ontario George Howard Ferguson, and other members of the government of Ontario and government of Canada. Prince Edward was the first person to step off of a train into Union Station; a mixed choir composed of soloists from the city's churches sang the royal anthem, "God Save the King", as the royal party walked through the concourse. Once he was in the Great Hall, the Prince of Wales quipped, "you build your train stations like we build our cathedrals". He was then escorted to a nearby Canadian National Railway wicket and was presented with the first ticket issued at the station: one "valid for all time" and "between all stations". He proceeded to the Canadian Pacific Railway's wicket, where he was given a first-class fare from Toronto to High River, Alberta, where his ranch was located. Prince George was given similar tickets.

Four days later, the track network was shifted from the second Union Station. To get to trains, passengers would walk from the south doors to the tracks located several hundred feet to the south while the new viaduct, concourse and train shed were under construction. Demolition of the second Union Station began almost immediately and was completed in 1928. The third Union Station project was not fully completed until 1930 when the train shed was completed; its construction was supervised by the TTR from 1925 to 1930.

The TTR also constructed a central heating plant at the corner of York and Fleet streets (now Lake Shore Boulevard West) to replace the original Toronto Hydro plant on Scott Street which had been expropriated by the TTR to build the approach track viaduct to the new station. It was fuelled by coal delivered by a CNR siding and was the largest such facility in Canada when it opened in 1929; it produced  of steam per hour and  annually to heat the station; the passenger cars in the train shed; CNR and CPR yard facilities in the area now occupied by the Gardiner Expressway, Rogers Centre and Scotiabank Arena; the CPR's Royal York Hotel; the Dominion Public Building; the federal post office building adjacent to the station; and the CN/CP Telecommunications building on Front Street.

Subway connection

The first major change to Union Station took place in 1954 when the Toronto Transit Commission opened its Union subway station adjacent to Union Station but buried beneath Front Street West. This subway station acted as the southern terminus of its new subway line. The subway station included a direct tunnel connection to the lower level passenger concourse. This passageway was closed and replaced by the direct connection between the railway station and the subway station in 1979 when the subway station mezzanine was renovated and enlarged. In 1990, the TTC's Harbourfront LRT project added an underground streetcar loop now used by the 509 Harbourfront and 510 Spadina streetcar lines. TTC passengers using the Union subway and streetcar station may transfer between both modes without entering Union Station proper.

Metro Centre redevelopment proposal

During the early 1970s, Canada's two major passenger railways, the Canadian Pacific Railway and Canadian National, were reducing their services to the bare minimum mandated under the Canadian Transport Commission, largely as a result of unsustainable losses caused by increased competition from new, subsidized four-lane highways and airports.

The third Union Station's future was looking bleak by 1972, when both railways sought to increase return on their underutilized waterfront rail classification yards which was being viewed as valuable real estate. Both CN and CP began to abandon their extensive waterfront rail classification yards south of the passenger station to make way for urban redevelopment. The Gardiner Expressway project was constructed over part of the railway property and CN had proposed constructing a telecommunication tower (what would become the CN Tower later that decade).

CN and CPR proposed a "Metro Centre" development on the south side of Front Street on the site of Union Station and proposed to demolish the structure (which was costing an increasing amount of property taxes but not bringing in revenue). The proposed Metro Centre development was strikingly similar to what occurred with New York City's Penn Station and would have consisted of an underground fourth Union Station (the terminal trackage would have been buried), a convention centre, a telecommunications tower, along with complementary office and retail developments. Local opposition to the proposal was successful in having the city council's decision to support the Metro Centre development overturned and Union Station was saved.

Although it was converted from coal to natural gas, the Central Heating Plant built in 1929 was decommissioned in the 1980s, and demolished in 1990. It is now site of The Ice condo towers.

In 1978, CN and CP transferred responsibility for their passenger rail services to Via Rail, a new federal Crown corporation; however, CN and CP retained their 50% ownership shares of the TTR.

Growth and waterfront development

The GO Transit commuter rail agency which was established on May 23, 1967, had been undergoing unprecedented expansion which was seeing Union Station see passenger levels that outstripped some of the busiest airports in the world. The consolidated TTR trackage included a flyover west of the station to permit freight trains to cross CN's Oakville subdivision without blocking GO Transit's commuter trains. The flyover was constructed in 1982–83 and also allowed GO trains destined for the CN Weston subdivision to cross over the tracks used by GO and Via trains using the CN Oakville subdivision.

The CN Tower had revamped the vision of Toronto's waterfront rail yards and proposals were made to construct what would later become SkyDome (1989) and Air Canada Centre (1999), resulting in further changes to the Union Station trackage. The Path pedestrian tunnel network was built to connect Union Station's passengers with many of the downtown office towers and the SkyWalk was constructed over the terminal trackage west of the station to connect the Path with the Metro Toronto Convention Centre and Rogers Centre.

21st century revitalization

In 2000, the City of Toronto purchased the station building from the TTR, while GO Transit purchased the railway corridor and the Union Station train shed. On July 24, 2003, the City of Toronto agreed to lease Union Station to Union Pearson AirLink Group, a subsidiary of SNC-Lavalin, for a term of 100 years.

A subsequent announcement on May 24, 2006, addressed several issues for commuters including: constructing a direct connection from the GO Concourse to the Path pedestrian tunnel system, a new eastbound platform for the Union TTC station, improved access to streetcars at Union TTC station, and improved capacity for inter-city railway passengers. These developments were part of a $100million initiative announced by the city and its transit authorities, along with the Government of Ontario and Government of Canada. On August 5, 2009, the Toronto City Council approved an update of this plan which was projected to cost $640million, with construction lasting from 2010 to 2014. Much of the work was undertaken by or managed by Carillion.

The work also involved a complete overhaul of the GO concourses, deepening them to create two storeys of space. The lower level (the food court section of which opened in January 2019) will provide retail space and room for pedestrian traffic flow, and the upper storey will be dedicated to passenger traffic onto the platforms. This will expand not only the current GO concourse in the east of the building, but also open up the western end; GO Transit's presence in the building will nearly quadruple. Additional aesthetic points include glass roofs over the moat space around the north sides of the building, and a tall atrium over the central portions of the platforms. A new southern entrance, adjacent to the Air Canada Centre, opened in 2010.

The 2009 Ontario and Canada government budgets included financing to assist GO, Via and the city in redeveloping and restoring the station. Track has been upgraded with better signals and snow cleaning devices to reduce winter delays to train movement.

In 2016, it was realized that the renovated train shed roof was too low to allow electrification. The train shed roof is considered a heritage feature and cannot be removed. Remedies considered were raising the roof, or lowering the track level.

By early 2018, the cost had increased from $640million to an estimated $823.5million. Work that was to have been completed in 2015 was projected to be finished late 2018 and in late 2018 revised to 2019. In 2019 it was announced that the city's portion of construction would be complete in 2019, but then Metrolinx would have to start its work, with a projected 2020 completion date.

In February 2019, charges were laid by Toronto Fire Services against contactor Bondfield Construction and the city for an over-crowding issue where doors had been blocked. In March 2019 it was reported that Vaughan-based contractor Bondfield Construction had applied for bankruptcy protection under the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA).

Heritage recognition
Union Station became designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 1975, and a Heritage Railway Station in 1989. In 1999, Union Station was inducted into the North America Railway Hall of Fame as being significant in the course of railway history. The station is recognized as part of the Union Station Heritage Conservation District (Designated Part V) under the Ontario Heritage Act enacted by Toronto City Council on July 27, 2006.

Passenger services

Union Station is the busiest public transportation structure of any kind in Canada, including air travel. It handles 65million passengers annually, with an average of 200,000 passengers each day. Approximately two-thirds of those passengers are GO train or GO bus commuters, while another 20million take the subway. The remainder are intercity travelers between other cities in Canada and the United States.

National

Toronto is Canada's primary passenger train hub. Consequently, Union Station is by far Via Rail's busiest and most-used station. Each year, 2.4million Via Rail passengers pass through Union Station, representing more than half of all Via Rail passengers carried systemwide. This heavy usage is partly due to Union Station's position at the centre of Canada's busiest inter-city rail service area, the "Corridor", which stretches from Quebec City in the east to Windsor in the west.

Westbound Via Rail trains from Toronto connect directly to most major cities in Southwestern Ontario, including Kitchener, London, Sarnia, and Windsor. Additionally, westbound trains from Montreal pass through Toronto en route to Burlington. Northbound and eastbound Via Rail trains from Toronto primarily serve the heavily travelled Ottawa–Montreal-Toronto triangle. At Montreal, passengers can connect to trains heading to the Maritimes or north to the Laurentians.

Union Station is also the eastern terminus of The Canadian, Via Rail's transcontinental service westbound to Vancouver via Winnipeg, Saskatoon and Edmonton.

International

In partnership with Via Rail, Amtrak runs the Maple Leaf train from Toronto to New York City. The train uses an Amtrak consist but is operated by Via crews north of Niagara Falls, Ontario. Other major U.S. destinations along the route include Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse and Albany.

Amtrak and Via Rail formerly operated the International Limited from Toronto to Chicago via the Sarnia–Port Huron border crossing, until it was cancelled in 2004. Both VIA Rail and Amtrak maintain service along the route on their respective sides of the border, but the trains do not cross the border.

Provincial and suburban

Union Station is the central terminal for GO Transit, which handled approximately 69.5million passengers in 2015.

Barrie line to North York, Vaughan, King City, Aurora, Newmarket, East Gwillimbury, Bradford, and Barrie
Kitchener line to York, Etobicoke, Mississauga, Brampton, Georgetown, Acton, Guelph and Kitchener
Lakeshore East line to Scarborough, Pickering, Ajax, Whitby and Oshawa
Lakeshore West line to Etobicoke, Mississauga, Oakville, Burlington, Hamilton, St. Catharines and Niagara Falls
Milton line to Etobicoke, Mississauga and Milton
Richmond Hill line to North York and Richmond Hill
Stouffville line to Scarborough, Markham and Stouffville

GO Transit's Union Station Bus Terminal is located at CIBC Square, 81 Bay Street, on the south side of the terminal. The terminal currently serves GO Transit regional buses as well as Coach Canada, TOK Coachlines, and Ontario Northland long-distance bus services.

Connecting services

Union Station is connected to the Toronto Transit Commission's Union Subway Station, which is part of Line 1 Yonge–University of the Toronto subway system. Two Toronto streetcar routes, 509 Harbourfront and 510 Spadina, can also be accessed underground without leaving Union Station. The streetcar platform was built in 1989 and is separate from the subway station platforms built in 1954. Altogether, twenty million TTC passengers pass through Union Station each year. The TTC station was renovated and expanded in 2015, with an additional platform to increase capacity.

Toronto Transit Commission bus routes 19 Bay, 72 Pape, 97 Yonge, 121 Esplanade–River, and night route 320 Yonge, use curbside stops on the streets outside.

Airport link

On June 6, 2015, the Union Pearson Express (UPX), a dedicated airport rail link service, started running between Union Station and Toronto Pearson International Airport, stopping only at Bloor and Weston GO stations. The opening of the line allowed Metrolinx to achieve its goal, announced in 2010, of operating an airport rail link from Union Station in time for the 2015 Pan American Games.

Trains on this line do not stop at the regular platforms used by GO and Via trains, but use a separate station located west of the main station building along the length of the main atrium of the SkyWalk between York Street and Lower Simcoe Street. The UP Express Union Station is a 5-minute walk from Union subway station.

Trains depart from the station's single side platform every 15 minutes. Passengers access trains directly from an enclosed waiting area, and a glass wall with sliding doors separate trains from the platform and open to allow passengers to board directly from the waiting area without exposure to the elements. The floor of the waiting area is level with the train floor, which allows for step-free boarding.

The UP Express Union Station has a dedicated customer service counter, ticket vending machines and flight check-in kiosks. These kiosks permit check-ins for Air Canada and WestJet. Three stands in the waiting area offer Balzac's coffee, souvenirs and Mill Street Brewery draft beer.

Former operations

Ontario Northland

Northlander to Gravenhurst, Huntsville, North Bay, Cobalt and Cochrane
The Northlander provided a passenger train service between Union Station and Northeastern Ontario from 1976 until 2012. In March 2012, the Government of Ontario announced plans to discontinue this service, and the final day of operations was September 28, 2012.

Amtrak
International to Port Huron, Flint, Battle Creek, Niles, and Chicago
The International (known until 1983 as the International Limited) provided a passenger train service between Union Station and Chicago Union Station from 1982 until 2004, when the cross-border service was discontinued and replaced by Via Rail's Toronto-Sarnia service, and Amtrak's Blue Water route from Port Huron to Chicago. The final day of operations was April 23, 2004.

Other railway stations (terminals or depots) in Toronto

 Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway Terminal – south of Fort York (now 24 Bathurst Street condo across from Housey Street)
 Grand Trunk Freight House – Front Street West and Simcoe Street (now Metro Toronto Convention Centre)
 Northern Railway Office – Spadina Avenue and Front Street West (late as The Globe and Mail head office and now being re-developed as The Well condo project
 Grand Trunk Passenger Terminal – Front Street East and Yonge Street (Freight Office after 1882, later as Toronto Wholesale Fruit Market from 1900 and Canadian Consolidated Rubber Company, shed destroyed by fire in 1952 and station finally demolished to make way for the O'Keefe Centre for the Performing Arts (now Meridian Hall)
 Toronto and Nipissing Railway Passenger, Freight and Maintenance Terminal, Berkeley Street – Front and Parliament, now Parliament Square Park
 Northern Railway Depot – Jarvis and The Esplanade at south end of old St Lawrence Market and now part of St Lawrence Market South wing

References

Bibliography

Toronto Union Station Master Plan
CBC: Train station leased for 100 years
Transport Canada Rail Link News Release
Toronto's Union-Pearson Air-Rail Link
Toronto Terminals Railway Company
Underground exploration

External links

Official website
Union Station at the City of Toronto
Union Station on Via Rail (English,French)

Union Station at Transit Toronto
Toronto Union Station (Canada RailGuide—TrainWeb)
Photos of Toronto Union Station and Skywalk
Article from "Architectural Forum" (1924) about the design of the station

Via Rail stations in Ontario
GO Transit railway stations
Ontario Northland Railway stations
Amtrak stations in Canada
Railway stations in Toronto
Beaux-Arts architecture in Canada
Railway stations in Canada opened in 1927
PATH (Toronto)
Ross and Macdonald buildings
Toronto Union Station (1927)
Canadian Pacific Railway stations in Ontario
Railway Lands
Designated heritage railway stations in Ontario
Transport in Toronto

Union Station (Toronto)


شركة النقل بالساحل شركة حكومية للنقل العمومي الجماعي للمسافرين. وهي تؤمن الرحلات في ولايات سوسة والمنستير والمهدية، وبينها.

شركة النقل بالساحل منشاة عمومية بمقتضى القانون عدد 9 لسنة 1989. تم تأسيسها سنة 1963 وهي شركة خفية الاسم رأس مالها 400 ألف دينار متكون من 80 ألف سهم
يتركب مجلس إدارتها من ممثلين اثنين عن وزارة النقل وممثل عن الوزارة الأولى وممثل عن وزارة المالية وممثل عن المجلس الجهوي بسوسة وممثل عن بلدية سوسة وممثل عن بلدية المنستير وممثل عن بلدية المهدية وأربع أعضاء يمثلون الخواص ويحضر جلسات مجلس إدارتها مراقب الدولة.
تغطي شبكة الخطوط المستغلة من طرف الشركة كامل تراب ولايات الساحل الثلاثة(سوسة والمنستير والمهدية)و يبلغ عدد خطوطها 272 خطا منها 125 خط خاصا بالتلاميذ والطلبة كما لها بعض الخطوط الطويلة التي تربط هذه الولايات بولايات نابل وباجة وقفصة والقيروان والكاف.
يتكون أسطولها في 31 ديسمبر 2008 من 315 حافلة، يغلب على نشاط الشركة الطابع الحضري والضحوي القصير ويواصل النقل المدرسي والجامعي تطوره حيث مثل خلال سنة 2008 قرابة 81% من جملة المنقولين بمقابل بينما لم تتجاوز هذه النسبة 45% في سنة 1990.
تشغل 1093عونا في نهاية سنة 2008 وتمثل نسبة المتعاقدين 17% من مجموع الأعوان.
أما على صعيد التنظيم الإداري فتتوزع مصالحها كالآتي :
 المقر الاجتماعي بسوسة شارع ليوبولد سيدار سانغور
 المستودع والورشات المركزية بسوسة نهج ابن خلدون
 ثلاثة أقاليم بسوسة والمنستير والمهدية
 سبعة مراكز محلية بكل من سوسة والنفيضة والمنستير والمكنين وجمال والمهدية والجم.

حققت الشركة خلال سنة 2008 نموا على مستوى مواردها الذاتية بنسبة تقدر بـ8.6 % بالمقارنة مع سنة 2007 في حين سجلت أعباء الاستغلال زيادة بـ6.3 % فقط مما أثر إيجابيا على نتيجة الشركة.
هذا وقد واكب هذا التطور الإيجابي عدة تحسينات في ميدان التنظيم والجودة والمراقبة حيث ركزت الشركة خلال سنة 2008 على تطوير خدماتها وتوفير نوعية أحسن للبقاع المعروضة خاصة على مستوى السلامة والجودة مع تلبية طلبات النقل المتزايدة، في هذا الإطار وضمن برنامج استثماراتها في معدات النقل اقتنت الشركة 35 حافلة جديدة بقيمة 8106 أد مما أفضى إلى تطور الأسطول من 287 وحدة في موفى سنة 2007 إلى 315 وحدة في موفى سنة 2008 باعتبار إقصاء 7 وحدات خلال سنة 2008 كما خفضت الشركة في عدد السفرات الملغاة حرصا منها على المحافظة على مصداقية تواقيت سفراتها.

أما في مجال الإعلامية فقد كانت الشركة رائدة في هذا الميدان إذ وقع اختيار نظامها المعلوماتي من طرف وزارة النقل كنظام نموذجي سيقع تعميمه على كل الشركات الجهوية للنقل، وقد امدت الشركة في شهر أوت 2008 النسخة الأصلية من البرامج الاعلامية للهيكل الذي وقع اختياره لتطويره إلى نسخة ثلاثية الأبعادVersion trois tiers))
في مجال تثمين وتنمية مواردها البشرية واصلت الشركة خلال سنة 2008 العمل على رفع مردودية عمالها مع تدعيم الخدمات الاجتماعية والطبية وقد تجسمت هذه الجهود في:

 تطوير عدد الأعوان والضغط على كلفة الأجور
 دعم عمليات التكوين والرسكلة خاصة في مجال السياقة الرصينة
 اعتماد الحوار والتشاور عند أخذ القرار (Comité de Direction)
 العمل بنظام التأمين الجماعي على المرض(CNAM) منذ شهر جويلية 2008 مع إدخال العديد من التحسينات على اتفاقية التأمين على المرض مع شركة(STAR) لصالح أعوان الشركة.

شركات أسست في 1963
شركات نقل عمومي تونسية

شركة النقل بالساحل


Jón Jósep Snæbjörnsson oder kurz Jónsi (* 1. Juni 1977 in Akureyri) ist ein isländischer Popsänger.

Aufgewachsen im Norden Islands kam er 1997 in die Hauptstadt Reykjavík. Er wurde dort Sänger der neuformierten Pop-Rockband Í Svörtum Fötum mit der er in den 2000er Jahren vier Alben veröffentlicht hatte.

Er wurde von einer Jury ausgewählt, sein Land beim Eurovision Song Contest 2004 in Istanbul zu vertreten. Dort kam er mit der Ballade Heaven auf Platz 19. Für den Eurovision Song Contest 2012 in Baku gewann er den Vorentscheid mit der Sängerin Greta Salóme. Zusammen trugen sie den nachträglich ins Englische übersetzten Titel Never Forget vor, mit dem sie sich für das vier Tage später stattfindende Finale des Eurovision Song Contest qualifizieren konnten. Dort landeten sie punktegleich mit Jedward auf Platz 20.

Einzelnachweise

Popsänger
Interpret eines isländischen Beitrags beim Eurovision Song Contest
Musiker (Island)
Geboren 1977
Mann
Isländer

Jón Jósep Snæbjörnsson


Aljoša Šerić (Split, 18. svibnja 1976.), hrvatski je pjevač, gitarist, skladatelj i tekstopisac sastava Pavela i Ramireza.

Životopis
Rođen u Splitu. U Zagrebu pohađao gimnaziju. Diplomirao na Pravnom fakultetu u Zagrebu. Radio kao odvjetnički vježbenik, a odvjetnik je od 2004. godine. Od tad se uglavnom bavi kaznenim pravom, a zato što je dosta radio unutar hrvatske glazbene industrije, proširio je područje djelovanja i na problematiku autorskog prava u Hrvatskoj. Zapažen kao skladatelj i izvođač. Od 2012. godine redovni je član Hrvatskog društva skladatelja. Glavni je tajnik u Institutu hrvatske glazbe.

Nagrade
 Porin za najbolji aranžman (s Tomislavom Šuškom) pjesme Čuvaj me (2014.).

Diskografija
S Ramirezom:
 Ramirez (2004)
 Copy/paste (2006.)
 Divovi i kamikaze (2008.)
 Svijet je lijep (2010.).

S Pavelom:
 Pavel (2007.)
 Od prve zvijezde ravno (2011.)
 I mi smo došli na red (2014.).

Samostalni album:
 Što ćemo raditi do kraja života, studijski album, Dallas, 2019.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Discogs
ZAMP

Hrvatski gitaristi
Hrvatski pjevači
Hrvatski skladatelji
Hrvatski tekstopisci
Životopisi, Split
Životopisi, Zagreb

Aljoša Šerić


Joe Jackson (født 11. august 1954 i Burton-upon-Trent, Staffordshire, England) er en britisk musiker og singer-songwriter, der fik sit gennembrud ved punk- og new wave-bølgen i slutningen af 1970'erne med musik i stil med Elvis Costello og Graham Parker. Han har senere bevæget sig mellem flere forskellige stilarter, bl.a. jazz, reggae og klassisk musik og har endvidere komponeret filmmusik

Jacksons første udgivelse "Is She Really Going Out with Him?" blev et hit i 1979. Herefter fulgte en række singler i new wave-stilen, før han bevægede sig over i en mere jazz-orienteret retning. Han fik et top-10 hit i 1982 med "Steppin' Out".

Joe Jackson har indspillet 20 studiealbum og er gennem sin karriere blevet nomineret til fem Grammy Awards.

Diskografi

Studiealbum
Look Sharp! (1979, A&M)
I'm the Man (1979, A&M)
Beat Crazy (1980, A&M)
Joe Jackson's Jumpin' Jive (1981, A&M)
Night and Day (1982, A&M)
Mike's Murder Movie Soundtrack (1983, A&M)
Body and Soul (1984, A&M)
Big World (1986, A&M) No. 34 US,
Will Power (1987, A&M)
Tucker Original Soundtrack (1988, A&M)
Blaze of Glory (1989, A&M)
Laughter & Lust (1991, Virgin)
Night Music (1994, Virgin)
Heaven & Hell (1997, Sony)
Symphony No. 1 (1999, Sony)
Night and Day II (2000, Sony)
Volume 4 (2003, Rykodisc)
Rain (2008, Rykodisc)
The Duke (2012, Razor & Tie)
Fast Forward (2015, Caroline Records)

Livealbum
Big World (1986)
Live 1980/86 (1988, A&M)
Laughter & Lust Live (1991 Sharp Practice Inc. ; Warner Music Vision) [Live at State Theatre, Sydney, Australia, 20 september 1991]
Summer in the City: Live in New York (2000, Sony)
Two Rainy Nights (2002, Great Big Island)
AfterLife (2004, Rykodisc)
Live at the BBC (2009, Spectrum)
Live Music (2011, Razor & Tie)
Live in Germany 1980 (2011 Immortal)
Live at Rockpalast  (2012 Mig Made in Germany Music (Sony Music)

Opsamlingsalbum
Stepping Out: The Very Best of Joe Jackson (1990)
Joe Jackson Greatest Hits (1996)
This Is It! (The A&M Years 1979–1989) – Joe Jackson) (1997, A&M)
Joe Jackson – Collected (2010, Universal Nashville)

Eksterne henvisninger / Kilder
Joe Jackson Biography, Allmusic.com

Musikere fra England
Singer-songwritere fra Storbritannien
Sangere fra England

Joe Jackson (musiker)


An Stelis bicornis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Lindley. An Stelis bicornis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stelis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Stelis (Orchidaceae)

Stelis bicornis


Jo Deseure, née en France le , est une actrice belge de théâtre et de cinéma.

Biographie

Après avoir développé un intérêt pour le théâtre, Deseure s'inscrit à l'Institut supérieur des arts du spectacle de Bruxelles et en sort diplômée en 1984. Elle se lance ensuite dans le théâtre et devient interprète régulière de la Compagnie des Bosons à Ixelles.

Elle fait ses débuts au cinéma dans Toto le héros (1991), un film dramatique réalisé par Jaco Van Dormael. Depuis, Deseure est apparue dans Mon ange (2004), Sœur Sourire (2009), Sans laisser de traces (2010) et Une vie démente (2020). Ce dernier film lui a valu un Magritte de la meilleure actrice.

Filmographie partielle

Au cinéma
 1991 : Toto le héros : la vendeuse
 2004 : Mon ange : Berg
 2009 : Rencontre(s) : (court métrage)
 2009 : Sœur Sourire : Gabrielle Deckers
 2010 : Sans laisser de traces : mère Étienne
 2011 : Le Petit Chevalier : la juge pour enfants (court métrage)
 2012 : Le Syndrome du cornichon : (court métrage)
 2012 : Tout comme les princes : (court métrage)
 2015 : Un homme à la mer : Christine
 2020 : Une vie démente : Suzanne Merteens
 2022 : Neuf pour cent : Dorothée (court métrage)
 Krump  : la mère (en post-production)

À la télévision
 2022 : Pandore : Thérèse Mahy (série télévisée, 4 épisodes)

À la radio
 2018 : Dans l'absence de Kathy, sur La Première (RTBF)

Distinctions

Prix de cinéma
 2015 : nomination au Prix Magritte de la meilleure actrice pour son rôle de Christine dans Un homme à la mer
 2020 : pour son rôle de Suzanne Merteens dans Une vie démente :
 Prix Chistera de la meilleure actrice
 Prix Magritte de la meilleure actrice

Prix de théâtre
 2004 : Aïda vaincue de René Kalisky : meilleure comédienne

Notes et références

Liens externes

Actrice belge de cinéma
Actrice belge de télévision
Actrice belge de théâtre
Magritte de la meilleure actrice
Naissance en janvier 1948

Jo Deseure


بیكلرآباد  بالفارسية (بیگلرآباد) قرية صغيرة تـتبع لـ البلدة المركزية (بالفارسية: بخش مركزى ) من توابع مدينة بستك إحدى قرى « إقليم گودة»، وتقع في محافظة هرمزگان في جنوب إيران.

السكان
يبلغ عدد سكان هذه القرية حسب تعداد السكان لعام 2006 للميلاد، (53) نسمه تشكل (18 عائلة)، من أهل السنة والجماعة وعلى المذهب الشافعي. يتكلون الفارسية باللهجة المحلية. لهم مسجد وبعض البرك لحفظ مياه الأمطار إذا سالت الأودية.

المصادر

 الكوخردى، محمد، بن يوسف، (كُوخِرد حَاضِرَة اِسلامِيةَ عَلي ضِفافِ نَهر مِهران) الطبعة الثالثة، دبى: سنة 1997 للميلاد.
 محمدیان، كوخردى، محمد.  «شهرستان بستک وبخش کوخرد»  ج1. چاپ أول، دبی: سال انتشار 2005 میلادی. (فارسي)
 عباسی، قلی، مصطفی،  «بستک وجهانگیریه»، چاپ أول، تهران: ناشر: شرکت انتشارات جهان معاصر، سال 1372..
 سلامى، بستكى، أحمد.  (بستک در گذرگاه تاریخ)  ج2 چاپ أول، 1372 خورشيدى.
 بالود، محمد.  (فرهنگ عامه در منطقه بستک)  ناشر همسايه، چاپ زيتون، انتشار سال 1384 خورشیدی.
 بنى عباسيان، بستكى، محمد اعظم،  «تاريخ جهانگيريه»  چاپ تهران، سال 1339 خورشيدى.
 بنى عباسيان، بستكى، محمد اعظم،  «تاريخ جهانگيريه»  چاپ تهران، سال 1339 خورشيدى.
 بختيارى، سعيد،  «اتواطلس إيران» ، " مؤسسه جغرافيايى وكارتگرافى گيتا شناسى، بهار 1384 خورشيدى

انظر أيضاً
  كوخرد حاضرة إسلامية على ضفاف نهر مهران

وصلات خارجية
 التقسيمات الإدارية لمحافظة هرمزگان

أماكن مأهولة في مقاطعة بستك
البلدة المركزية
مدن إيران

بيكلرآباد


An Epidendrum montserratense in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Mark Anthony Nir. An Epidendrum montserratense in nahilalakip ha genus nga Epidendrum, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Ginklasipika han IUCN an species komo nangangarat-an duro. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Epidendrum

Epidendrum montserratense


Un antidiareic este un medicament utilizat în tratamentul simptomatic al diareei. Acestea sunt folosite așadar în diareea acută și acționează prin scăderea motilității intestinale, mecanism de adsorbție sau prin modificarea transportului de fluide și electroliți.

Tipuri
Principalele tipuri de antidiareice sunt:
 Medicamente care scad motilitatea intestinală: difenoxilat, loperamidă
 Medicamente adsorbante: hidroxid de aluminiu, metilceluloză
 Medicamente care modifică transportul fluidelor și electroliților: subsalicilat de bismut
 Altele: electroliți, săruri de rehidratare, anticolinergice, opioide.

Vezi și
 Antibiotice, utilizate în diareea de tip infecțios
 Laxative

Referințe

Antidiareic


10454 Vallenar este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
10454 Vallenar este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Observatorul La Silla de Hans-Emil Schuster. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,34 ua, o excentricitate de 0,12 și o înclinație de 5,9° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 10001-11000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Familia  Vesta

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1978
Centura de asteroizi

10454 Vallenar


විල් එයිස්නර් ගේ (Will Wishhner) "A contract with God (දෙවියන් සමඟ ගිවිසුමක්) නවකථාව, විචිත්‍රමත් නවකථා ලෙස හඳුන්වන ලද ප්‍රථම ග්‍රන්ථයයි.

විචිත්‍රමත් නවකථාවක් යනු දිගු සහ සංකිර්ණ වු කථා වස්තුවකින් හෙබි, බො‍හෝ විට වැඩිහිටි පාඨක සමුහයක් අරබයා ලියැවුණු චිත්‍ර කථාවකි. සාමාන්‍ය චිත්‍ර කථා පොත් වලට වඩා කල් පැවතෙන අයුරින් මේවා තිබේ. මෙම නවකථාවන්, චිත්‍රකථා පොත් මෙන් පුවත් පත් වෙළෙඳ සැල් තුළ නොව පොත් හල් තුළද අලෙවි කෙරේ.

අර්ථ දැක්විම

තවමත් පරිණාමය වෙමින් පවතින මෙම විචිත්‍රමත් නවකථා (Graphic novels) සඳහා සාධාරණ අර්ථකථනයක් නොමැත.එබැවින් සමහර අවස්ථාවල චිත්‍රකථා වල ඇති වෙනස විදහා දැක්වීමට ද එහි පද්‍ය කොටස්ද භාවිතා වී ඇත. එනම් සාමාන්‍ය චිත්‍රකථා පොත් වලින් වෙනස් වු අංග වලින් යුත් වඩාත් පරිණත තේමා භාවිතා වන්නක් ලෙස මෙම පොත් හැඳින්විය හැක. එනමුත් මෙම අදහසට එකඟ වන පරිද්දෙන් කෘති ලියවුණ ද, ඒවා සම්ප්‍රදායික හාස්‍යෝත්පාදක නවකථා යටතේ වර්ග කෙරෙණි. මෙම පද්‍ය පොදුවේ භාවිතා වනුයේ හාස්‍යෝත්පාදක නවකථා වලින් මෙම කෘති වෙන් කිරිම පිණිසය. මෙම හේතුව පාදක කර ගනිමින් ප්‍රංශ පදයක් වන 'Bande Dessinee' යන්න ඉතිහාසඥයන් විසින් භාවිතා කරන ලදි.

පොත් ප්‍රකාශන කර්මාන්තයේ දී මෙම පද්‍ය "නවකථා" යන ගණයට නොවැටෙන්නා වු කෘති සඳහා භාවිතා වුණි. එකිනෙක හා ගැලපීමක් නොමැති හාස්‍යජනක කථා හා ප්‍රබන්ධ නොවන කෘති සඳහා ද නමම භාවිතා වුණි.

සටහන්

{|

|Graphic novel
|-

විචිත්‍රමත් නවකථා (Graphic Novel)


A sétima edição de Ídolos estreou em 2022 na SIC. O programa é baseado no formato Pop Idol.

Galas

2022 na televisão em Portugal
Programas de televisão em língua portuguesa
Ídolos (Portugal)

Ídolos (7.ª edição)