Belsoğukluğu (Gonore), Neisseria gonorrhoeae bakterisinin neden olduğu, özellikle döl ve idrar yollarını etkileyen, cinsel yolla bulaşan bir hastalıktır. Cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıkların ikinci en bulaşıcı olanıdır; ilk sırayı klamidya enfeksiyonu alır.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gram(-) bir diplokoktur; endotoksik etkisi olan mukopolisakkaridler içerir. Etken tarafından üretilen IgA-proteaze enzimi enzimi üretra, uterus endoserviksi ve tüplerin üretra, uterus endoserviksi ve tüplerin mukozaların yüzeylerindeki koruyucu IgA proteinini eriterek bu bölgede tutunabilmesini sağlar.

Korunmasız ilişki enfeksiyonun yayılmasında en önemli faktördür. Cinsel ilişkiyle bulaşan hastalığın kuluçka süresi 2-30 gündür; ancak genellikle enfekte olduktan sonra belirtiler 2-6 gün içinde ortaya çıkabilir. Bu hastalıkta cinsel organdan ejakülata benzer damlalar halinde sıvılar gelir; özellikle erkeklerde üre boşaltımı sırasında ve sonrasında cinsel organda yanma hissi vardır. Eğer tedavi edilmezse kişide kısırlık gibi önemli hastalıklara sebebiyet verir.

Bulgular

Erkeklerde üretrayı (gonokok üretriti), kadınlarda ise serviksi ve serviksteki salgı bezlerini (gonokok servisiti) etkiler. Erkeklerde hastalık kuluçka süresinden sonra idrar yaparken ağrı ve irinli akıntı belirtileri görülür. Kadın hastaların çoğu asemptomatik portörlerdir; mukus ve adet (menstrüasyon) akıntısı bakterilerin çoğalması için uygun ortamlardır.  Belirti veren olgularda, döl ve idrar yollarında ağrılı akıntı başlar. Bu aşamada tedavi edilmezse salpinks lezyonlarındaki kronikleşme kısırlık (infertilite; sterilite) ile sonlanabilir. Akut dönemde sepsis, artrit, konjunktivit gelişebilir.

Tedavi görmeyen olgular giderek kronikleşir. Dünyada kısırlığa (sekonder sterilite) neden olan faktörlerin başında kronikleşmiş gonore infeksiyonu gelmektedir. Kronikleşme erkeklerde epididim kanallarının tıkanması ile testis ve prostat lezyonları nedeniyle kısırlık (infertilite; sterilite) ile sonlanabilir. Kadınlarda ise, rahim boynu ve tüplerin yanı sıra karın alt bölgesine yayılarak kısırlık (sterilite) ve dış gebelik (ektopik gebelik) nedeni olabilir (pelvik inflamatuvar hastalık). Kadınlarda karaciğer çevresinde oluşan patolojiler, batma sancısı olarak anlatılan ağrılara neden olur (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis sendromu). Akut dönemde sepsis, artrit, konjunktivit ve meninjit gelişebilir.

Gonore stomatiti (belsoğukluğu stomatiti): Oral seks infeksiyonlarında canlı etken ağız mukozasından ya da farinksten girer. Genellikle sessiz bir gidiş gösterir. Klinik belirti veren olgulardaki bulgular özgün değildir (nonspesifik); dilde, dişetlerinde ve farinkste eritemli bir zemin üzerinde irili ufaklı erozyonlar görülür. Bazı olgularda erozyonlar birleşerek ve derinleşerek büyükçe ülserler yaparlar.  Bölgesel lenfadenopati saptanır. Ayırıcı tanıda bakteriyolojik incelemeler yara sağlardır.

Tanı
Belsoğukluğu, bulaşıcı olması nedeniyle toplumsal bir hastalıktır. Mikroskopik inceleme çoğunluğu nötrofil polimorflar tarafından fagosite edilmiş diplokoklar görülür. Kronikleşen olgularda, yoğun plazma hücreleri içeren fibröz doku gelişmesi saptanır.

Komplikasyonlar

 Kısırlık (sterilite; infertilite)
 Reaktif artrit (Reiter sendromu): Tedavisiz hastalarda, kan dolaşımına giren bakteriler bir ya da birkaç eklemi tutar. Eklemlerde oluşan irinli artrit'in yanı sıra deri ve mukozalarda yangısal tepkiler ile konjunktivit bulguları saptanabilir. Eklemlerden alınan eksüda örneklerinde gonokoklar belirlenir.
 Gonokok konjunktiviti: Erişkinlerde gonokokla kirlenmiş ellerin gözleri de enfekte etmesi sonucudur. Bebeklerdeki göz enfeksiyonu, doğarken hasta annesinin doğum yollarındaki bakterilerin bulaşması ile ortaya çıkar (ophthalmia neonatorum).
 Sepsis: Tedavisi geciken hastalarda gonokokların kan dolaşımına karışmasıdır. Özellikle, bağışıklık sistemindeki kompleman bileşenlerinde sorunu olan hastalarda sık görülen bir komplikasyondur.

Tedavi
Belsoğukluğu hastalığı doktor kontrolünde verilen seftriakson, doksisiklin gibi ilaç tedavileri uygulanır.

Kaynakça

İnsan hastalıkları
Cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar

Belsoğukluğu


The 2004 Nunavut general election was held on February 16, 2004, to elect the 19 members of the 2nd Legislative Assembly of Nunavut.

Premier Paul Okalik asked for the five-year-old territory's first parliament to be dissolved on January 16.

The territory operates on a consensus government system with no political parties; the premier is subsequently chosen by and from the MLAs. There were 11,285 registered voters at the time of the election call.

Issues

Issues at the election included:

the size of the civil service;
the territory's Human Rights Act;
education;
language and culture.

Results

Elections were held in 18 of the 19 electoral districts. Rankin Inlet North acclaimed its MLA. The following is a list of the districts with their candidates.

Source: Results (CBC News)

In the main, Nunavummiut decided to stay with their present legislature. The premier, four cabinet ministers, and three other MLAs were re-elected; five incumbents were defeated, including former speaker of the house Kevin O'Brien. Only two women were elected to the 19-seat legislature.

Premier Paul Okalik was given a firm endorsement by the voters in his riding. He faced a strong challenge for the premier's job from Tagak Curley, who was acclaimed to his seat. However, Okalik was returned to the premiership on March 5, 2004, by the new legislature.

Miscellaneous

For the first time, residents of several tiny, isolated communities were able to vote by satellite phone.

Voter turnout was nearly 90%; in 8 of the 18 ridings it was higher than 100% (as high as 134% in Kugluktuk) since there was no door-to-door enumeration and voter registration is permitted at the polling station.

References

External links
Elections Nunavut
CBC: Nunavut Votes 2004
Nunavut Legislative Assembly
About Nunavut
About Consensus Government (Government of the Northwest Territories)

2004
Nunavut general
2004 in Nunavut
February 2004 events in Canada

2004 Nunavut general election


Damien Michael Johnson (født 18. november 1978 i Lisburn, Nordirland) er en nordirsk tidligere fodboldspiller (midtbane), der i perioden 1999-2010 spillede hele 59 kampe for Nordirlands landshold.

Johnson debuterede for landsholdet 29. maj 1999 i en venskabskamp mod Irland, mens hans sidste landskamp var en VM-kvalifikationskamp mod Tjekkiet 14. oktober 2009.

På klubplan spillede Johnson størstedelen af sin karriere i England, hvor han blandt andet i fem år var tilknyttet Blackburn, mens han i otte år repræsenterede Birmingham. I 2002 var han med til at vinde den engelske Football League Cup med Blackburn, omend han ikke var på banen i finalesejren over Tottenham. Han stoppede sin karriere i 2013 efter en enkelt sæson hos Fleetwood Town

Titler
Football League Cup
 2002 med Blackburn Rovers

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Nordirland
Fodboldspillere fra Blackburn Rovers F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Birmingham City F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Nottingham Forest F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Huddersfield Town F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Plymouth Argyle F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Fleetwood Town F.C.

Damien Johnson


La Segunda División Peruana 1983 fue disputada por 14 equipos invitados por el Directorio de la FPF, quien  dispone la reactivación de la Segunda División como Categoría experimental sin derecho al Ascenso a Primera División Profesional, donde además de los Clubes de Lima y Callao fueron incluidos, equipos provincianos del norte y sur del Perú.

Los Clubes invitados fueron:

Deportivo Cantolao La Punta del Callao (Finalista de la Copa Perú 1981/1982)

Unión Gonzales Prada de Surquillo (Finalista de la Liguilla Final de la Copa Perú 1981/1982)

Octavio Espinoza de Ica (Participó en la Región 4 de la Copa Perú 1981/1982)

Atlético Independiente de San Vicente (Participó en la Región de la Copa Perú 1981/1982)

Atlético Huracán de San Isidro (Participó en la Liga Mayor Metropolitana 1982 y habia clasificado a la Etapa Regional de la Copa Perú 1982/1983)

Alcides Vigo Hurtado de Barranco (Participó en la Liga Mayor Metropolitana 1982 y había clasificado a la Etapa Regional de la Copa Perú 1982/1983)

Carlos Alberto Manucci de Trujillo (Participó en la Etapa Departamental de La Libertad de la Copa Perú 1982/1983)

José Gálvez FBC (De la 1.ª División de la Liga de Chimbote de 1983)

Juventud La Palma (De la 1.ª División de la Liga de Huacho de 1983)

Defensor Mayta Capac (De la 1.ª División de El Carmen de 1983)

Mariscal Sucre (De la 1.ª División de Paramonga de 1983)

Asociación Estadio La Union (De la 1.ª División de Pueblo Libre de 1983)

Miraflores FBC (De la 1.ª División de Miraflores de 1983)

Lawn Tennis de la Exposición (De la 1.ª División de Jesús María de 1983)

Al final del Torneo el Club Lawn Tenis de la Exposición, descendió de Categoría

El Campeón fue el Club Unión González Prada de Surquillo y que por la disposición tomada por el Directorio de la FPF durante el transcurso del torneo,  no obtuvo el Ascenso a la Primera División Profesional.

Equipos participantes

Equipos por Departamentos

</center>

Tabla de posiciones

{| bgcolor="#f7f8ff" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" border="1" style="font-size: 95%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse;text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#ccffcc;" width="20" |
| bgcolor="#ffffff" align="left" | Campeón
|}

Referencias
 El experimento que bajó

1983
Fútbol en Perú en 1983

Segunda División Peruana 1983


An Gymnopogon fastigiatus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck. An Gymnopogon fastigiatus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Gymnopogon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Nag-uusahan nga subspecies: G. f. jubiflorus.

Mga kasarigan

Gymnopogon

Gymnopogon fastigiatus


Marshall Clement "Mark" Sanford Jr. (born May 28, 1960) is an American politician and author who served as the U.S. representative for South Carolina's 1st congressional district from 1995 to 2001 and again from 2013 to 2019, and also as the 115th governor of South Carolina from 2003 to 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party.

Sanford was first elected to Congress in 1994. He represented South Carolina's 1st congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1995 to 2001. He decided against running for a fourth term in the house and instead focused on running in the 2002 gubernatorial election. In the election, he defeated Democratic incumbent Jim Hodges with 52% of the vote. Sanford ran for reelection in 2006, defeating businessman Tommy Moore with 55% of the vote. As governor, Sanford attempted to reject $700 million in stimulus funds for South Carolina from the federal Recovery Act passed in 2009, but the South Carolina Supreme Court ruled that only the state legislature—not the governor—had the authority to accept or decline the funds.

In June 2009, after having disappeared from the state for nearly a week, Sanford publicly revealed that he had engaged in an extramarital affair. He had led his staff to believe that he was going hiking on the Appalachian Trail, but actually went to visit his mistress, Maria Belén Chapur, in Argentina. Although the scandal made national headlines, leading to his censure by the South Carolina General Assembly and his resignation as chair of the Republican Governors Association, Sanford did complete his second term as governor.

Sanford ran for Congress again in a 2013 special election for his old seat. He won the election and served in Congress from 2013 to 2019. He lost his 2018 reelection bid in a Republican primary. In September 2019, Sanford announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination in the 2020 United States presidential election. He dropped out of the race on November 12, 2019.

Early life and family
Marshall Clement Sanford Jr. was born in Fort Lauderdale, Florida to Marshall Clement Sanford, a cardiothoracic surgeon, and Margaret Elise "Peggy" Pitz. His family was fairly well-to-do, but slept in the same room to conserve electricity. Before his senior year of high school, Sanford moved with his family from Fort Lauderdale to the  Coosaw Plantation near Beaufort, South Carolina. Sanford attained the rank of Eagle Scout in the Boy Scouts of America.

Sanford received a Bachelor of Arts degree in business from Furman University in 1983 and a Master of Business Administration degree from Darden Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Virginia in 1988.

Sanford married Jenny Sullivan in November 1989. The couple had four sons.

Sanford founded Norton and Sanford Real Estate Investment, a leasing and brokerage company, in 1992.

U.S. House of Representatives (1995–2001)

Elections

1994
In 1994, Sanford entered the Republican primary for the Charleston-based 1st Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives. The seat had come open after four-term Republican incumbent Arthur Ravenel declined to seek re-election in his ultimately unsuccessful run for governor. Despite having never run for office before, Sanford finished second in a crowded primary behind Van Hipp Jr., a former George H. W. Bush administration official and former chairman of the South Carolina Republican Party. Sanford defeated Van Hipp in the runoff and easily defeated state representative Robert A. Barber Jr. in the November general election, winning by 66.3% to 32.4%.

1996–1998
Sanford was unopposed by Democratic candidates in 1996 and 1998. In 1996, he beat Joseph Innella of the Natural Law Party by 96.36% to 3.55%. He beat Innella again in 1998, this time by 91% to 8.9%.

Tenure
While in Congress, Sanford was recognized as its most fiscally conservative member by the Cato Institute. He was also recognized by Citizens Against Government Waste, as well as the National Tax Payers Union, for his efforts to rein in government spending and reduce the national deficit. He garnered a lifetime rating of 92 from the American Conservative Union.

He was known for voting against bills that otherwise received unanimous support. For example, he voted against a bill that preserved sites linked to the Underground Railroad. He voted against pork barrel projects even when they benefited his own district; in 1997, he voted against a defense appropriations bill that included funds for Charleston's harbor. Seeing himself as a "citizen-legislator", he did not run for reelection in 2000, in keeping with a promise to serve only three terms in the House.

Committee assignments
 Committee on International Relations
 Committee on Government Reform
 Committee on Science
 Joint Economic Committee

Governor of South Carolina (2003–2011)

2002 election

In 2002, just before announcing he would run for governor, Sanford joined the Air Force Reserve. He entered the gubernatorial election of 2002; he first defeated Lt. Gov. Bob Peeler in the Republican primary and then defeated the Democratic incumbent, Jim Hodges, in the general election, by a margin of 53% to 47% to become the 115th governor of South Carolina. In accordance with South Carolina law, Sanford was elected separately from the state's Republican lieutenant governor, Andre Bauer. Sanford and Bauer's wins gave the Republicans full control of state government for the first time since Reconstruction.

First term
In 2003, after becoming governor, Sanford attended two weeks of training with the Air Force Reserve in Alabama with his unit, the 315th Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron. While in training in 2003, Sanford did not transfer power to Bauer, saying he would be in regular contact with his office, and would transfer authority in writing only if he were called to active duty.

Sanford sometimes had a contentious relationship with the South Carolina General Assembly, even though it was dominated by his party for his entire tenure. During his administration, governmental power was largely held by three members of the General Assembly: Senators Hugh Leatherman and Glenn F. McConnell and House Speaker Bobby Harrell. The Republican-led state House of Representatives overrode 105 of Sanford's 106 budget vetoes on May 26, 2004. The following day, Sanford brought live pigs, who subsequently defecated on the House floor, into the House chamber as a visual protest against "pork projects."

Sanford rejected the Assembly's entire budget on June 13, 2006. Had this veto stood, the state government would have shut down on July 1. He explained his veto as being the only way to get the cuts he desired, and that using the line-item veto would have been inadequate as well as impossible. However, in a special session the following day, both houses dismissed Sanford's call for reform by overriding his veto–effectively restoring their original budget.

In 2003, Sanford sought to reform the state's public college system. Sanford has criticized these schools as focusing too much on separately creating research institutions and not on educating the young adults of South Carolina. Sanford also suggested that they combine some programs as a means of curbing tuition increases. The schools did not respond positively to this suggestion, however, causing Sanford to remark that "if any institution ultimately feels uncomfortable with our push toward coordination, they can exit the system and go private."

Sanford's first term included other controversies. A Time magazine article in November 2005, critical of Sanford, said that some "fear his thrift has brought the state's economy to a standstill."

According to Survey USA, Sanford's approval ratings ranged from 47% to 55% during 2006.

2006 election

His campaign for re-election in 2006 began by Sanford winning the June 13 Republican Primary over Oscar Lovelace, a family physician from Prosperity, with 65% of the vote to Lovelace's 35%. His Democratic competitor in the November elections was state senator Tommy Moore, whom Sanford beat by 55%–45%. Ultimately, Sanford left his first House stint with a 55% approval rating.

On Election Day, Sanford was not allowed to vote in his home precinct because he did not have his voter registration card. He was obliged to go to a voter registration office to get a new registration card. "I hope everybody else out there is as determined to vote as I was today", he said. Sanford's driver's license had a Columbia address, but Sanford was trying to vote at his home precinct in Sullivan's Island. According to WAGT in Augusta, Georgia (whose service area includes part of South Carolina) Sanford declared that it would be his last campaign.

Second term
In dissent with the Republican Party of South Carolina, Sanford opposed the faith-based license plates his state offers, marketed largely to the state's conservative evangelical citizens. After the law to passed without his signature, he wrote: "It is my personal view that the largest proclamation of one's faith ought to be in how one lives his life." The Base Load Review act which ultimately led to the Nukegate scandal, the largest business failure in South Carolina's, was also passed without Sanford's signature.

After the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (known as the stimulus), which Sanford strongly opposed and publicly criticized before and after its passage by Congress and presidential signing, Sanford initially indicated he might not accept all of the funds allotted by the spending law to South Carolina. He was criticized by many Democrats and some moderate Republicans, both in his state and outside it, who noted South Carolina's 9.5% unemployment rate (one of the highest in the country) and complained that Sanford was not doing enough to improve economic conditions in his state, which could be alleviated by the stimulus money. Arnold Schwarzenegger, the Republican governor of California, suggested that if Sanford or other governors rejected their portion of stimulus funds, he would be happy to take them instead.

On March 11, 2009, Sanford became the first United States governor to formally reject a portion of the federal stimulus money earmarked by Congress for the state of South Carolina. Sanford compromised to accept the federal money on condition that the state legislature provide matching funds to pay down the South Carolina state debt.

Sanford persuaded state legislator Nikki Haley to run as his successor, and campaigned on her behalf.

2009 disappearance and extramarital affair

From June 18 until June 24, 2009, the whereabouts of Sanford were unknown to the public, his wife, and the State Law Enforcement Division (which provides security for all South Carolina governors). The mystery surrounding Sanford's whereabouts garnered nationwide news coverage; his absence was first reported by Jim Davenport of the Associated Press. Lieutenant Governor André Bauer announced that he could not "take lightly" that Sanford's staff had not communicated with him "for more than four days, and that no one, including his own family, knows his whereabouts."

Before his disappearance, Sanford told his staff that he would be hiking on the Appalachian Trail. While he was gone, he did not answer 15 cell phone calls from his chief of staff; he also failed to call his family on Father's Day.

Reporter Gina Smith of The State (the daily newspaper of Columbia, South Carolina) intercepted Sanford when he arrived at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport on a flight from Argentina. Several hours later, after learning that evidence of his true whereabouts was being swiftly discovered by the media, Sanford held a news conference during which he admitted to adultery. In emotional interviews with the Associated Press over two days, Sanford said he would die "knowing that I had met my soul mate." Sanford also said that he "crossed the lines" with a handful of other women during 20 years of marriage, but not as far as he did with his mistress. "There were a handful of instances wherein I crossed the lines I shouldn't have crossed as a married man, but never crossed the ultimate line", he said.

On June 25, La Nación, a Buenos Aires newspaper, identified Sanford's mistress as María Belén Chapur, a 43-year-old divorced mother of two with a university degree in international relations who lived in Buenos Aires. Earlier, The State published details of e-mails between Sanford and a woman only identified as "Maria". Sanford met Chapur at a dance in Uruguay in 2001 and admitted that a more intimate relationship with her had begun in 2008.

Sanford's wife had become aware of her husband's infidelities approximately five months before the scandal broke, and the two had sought marriage counseling. Jenny Sanford said that she had requested a trial separation about two weeks before his disappearance.

Sanford told reporters that months before his affair became public, he had sought counsel at a controversial religious organization called The Family, of which he became a member when he was a representative in Washington, D.C. from 1995 to 2001.

According to Survey USA, Sanford's approval ratings in South Carolina after his admission of infidelity (6-24-09) showed that "60% think the governor should resign. 34% feel he should remain in office."

Impeachment proceedings
On August 25, state representatives Nathan Ballentine and Gary Simrill met with Sanford and warned him that the state legislature would impeach him if he did not resign. Ballentine, an ally of Sanford's, said afterward, "I told him the writing is on the wall. ...he could put an end to it all, but if he doesn't, members of the House will take things into their hands." Sanford still declined to resign.

On August 28, The Washington Times reported that Republican lawmakers in South Carolina were "laying plans" for a special legislative session on whether to impeach Sanford. Two bills of impeachment were being prepared, with bipartisan support in the state legislature.

On October 23, 2009, two impeachment resolutions were introduced, but were blocked by Democrats in the South Carolina legislature. A month later, the resolution was successfully introduced and it was announced that an ad hoc committee would begin drafting articles of impeachment starting on November 24. Meanwhile, the Ethics Commission formally charged Sanford with 37 violations.

On December 3, during its third public hearing on the matter, the ad hoc committee unanimously voted to remove the vast majority of charges from the investigation, stating that they did not warrant "overturning an election." On December 9, the committee voted 6–1 against impeachment, stating that the legislature had better things to do.

Censure
On December 15, 2009, the House Judiciary Committee voted unanimously to censure Sanford. The full South Carolina House of Representatives passed the resolution by a vote of 102–11 in January 2010.

Other fallout from scandal
Sanford resigned as Chairman of the Republican Governors Association following the disclosure of his affair. He was swiftly succeeded by Mississippi governor Haley Barbour. In a June 29 email to members of his political action committee, Sanford said he had no intention of resigning as governor.

After his affair was revealed in June 2009, Sanford said: "There's been a lot of speculation and innuendo on whether or not public money were used to advance my admitted unfaithfulness. To be very clear: no public money was ever used in connection with this." After a Freedom of Information Act request was filed, Sanford eventually chose to reimburse taxpayers for expenses he had incurred one year earlier with his mistress in Argentina. He said, "I made a mistake while I was there in meeting with the woman who I was unfaithful to my wife with. That has raised some very legitimate concerns and questions, and as such, I am going to reimburse the state for the full cost of the Argentina leg of this trip." On August 9, 2009, the AP reported that Sanford may have violated state law by other inappropriate use of state planes, including using a state plane to get a haircut.

After telling Vogue magazine that her husband was having a "midlife crisis," Sanford's wife, Jenny Sanford, moved out of the South Carolina Governor's Mansion with the couple's four sons, returning to the family home on Sullivan's Island. On December 11, 2009, she announced that she was filing for divorce, calling it a "sad and painful process." The divorce was finalized in March 2010. A stipulation within the divorce papers required that while on the Sanford family's Coosaw plantation, "no airplanes will be flown at children." The papers also noted that Sanford liked to "unwind" by digging holes on the property with his hydraulic excavator.

In August 2012, Sanford became engaged to Chapur. The engagement was subsequently broken off in September 2014.

In September 2014, Mark and Jenny Sanford agreed on mediation over an argument arising from their divorce. Jenny Sanford unsuccessfully petitioned the judge to require that Sanford undergo a psychiatric exam and take parenting and anger management classes. Judge Daniel Martin Jr. ordered the parties to take the issues to mediation within 30 days.

Veto record
During his 2003-2011 gubernatorial term, Sanford vetoed 278 bills, 213 (77%) of which were overridden by the legislature.

Hiatus from politics (2011–2012)

Following completion of his service as governor in January 2011, Sanford moved to his family farm in Beaufort County, South Carolina, and later moved to a condominium in Charleston, South Carolina. He has described this as a very quiet and spiritual time, and developed a Buddhist/Christian life approach including a daily quiet time, practicing mindfulness, and emphasizing everyone's 'shared human experience.'

In October 2011, Sanford was hired as a paid political contributor for Fox News Channel.

U.S. House of Representatives (2013–2019)

Elections

2013 special election

In December 2012, CNN reported that Sanford was considering a bid to retake his congressional seat. The previous holder, fellow Republican Tim Scott, had been appointed to the United States Senate by Governor Nikki Haley after the resignation of Senator Jim DeMint. On December 22, 2012, Sanford sent an email to supporters, confirming rumors that he intended to run for Congress in 2013.

During his prior years as a representative on Capitol Hill, he was often identified as an ally of libertarian/conservative Ron Paul while they served in the House together.

Sanford formally launched his bid for Congress in early 2013. He quickly became a front-runner in a crowded field of 16 Republican candidates, because of his name recognition. On April 2, 2013, Sanford won his Republican House primary runoff against Curtis Bostic, a former Charleston County Councilman.

On April 17, 2013, the National Republican Congressional Committee pulled support from the Sanford campaign in the wake of revelations that Jenny Sanford had filed a trespassing complaint against him on February 4. According to the complaint, Jenny Sanford had caught her former husband sneaking out of her home in Sullivan's Island, without her knowledge of his presence, using his cellphone as a flashlight. Under the terms of their divorce agreement, neither Mark nor Jenny Sanford may come to the other's house without permission—a condition Jenny Sanford alleged that Mark Sanford had flouted on numerous occasions despite Jenny Sanford filing a "no trespass" letter with the Sullivan's Island Police Department. In a statement, Mark Sanford admitted that he had gone to the house to watch the second half of Super Bowl XLVII with his son. He claimed to have tried to contact Jenny beforehand but was unable to do so. Jenny Sanford filed the complaint the next morning. Several Republican operatives said that they were upset Sanford had known about this complaint for some time and failed to disclose it.

Sanford was endorsed by FreedomWorks, South Carolina governor Nikki Haley, U.S. representative and House speaker John Boehner, state senator Tom Davis, former South Carolina state treasurer Thomas Ravenel, perennial candidate Ben Frasier, former U.S. representative from Texas Ron Paul, and U.S. senator from Kentucky Rand Paul. On May 1, 2013, U.S. senator and former U.S. representative Tim Scott and U.S. senator Lindsey Graham endorsed Sanford. Pornographer Larry Flynt also endorsed him, saying "His open embrace of his mistress in the name of love, breaking his sacred marriage vows, was an act of bravery that has drawn my support."

On May 7, 2013, Sanford was once again elected to the U.S. House of Representatives with 54.04% of the vote, defeating economist and author Elizabeth Colbert Busch.

2014
Sanford was unopposed for re-election in 2014.

2016
In 2016, Sanford was renominated by the Republican Party for another Congressional term, defeating his sole primary opponent, state representative Jenny Horne, with 55.61% of the vote, and in the November general election was re-elected by a margin of 58.56% to a total of 36.83% for his major opponent, Dimitri Cherry, who was nominated on the lines of the Democratic, Working Families and Green Parties, as South Carolina is one of the states practicing electoral fusion.  (Other candidates received approximately 4.6% of the vote.)

2018
Sanford was criticized by President Donald Trump via Twitter for being "very unhelpful," and "nothing but trouble" hours before polls closed on the day of the June 12th Republican primary. Trump also endorsed state representative Katie Arrington as the Republican nominee for Sanford's seat. Arrington defeated Sanford in the Republican primary by garnering 50.5% of the vote, to Sanford's 46.5%. Sanford became the second Republican to lose renomination to the House of Representatives in the 2018 election cycle.

After his loss, The New York Times wrote, "Mark Sanford of South Carolina found out the hard way, in his surprise primary defeat" that "having a conservative voting record is less important than demonstrating total loyalty to Mr. Trump." On November 6, 2018, Democrat Joe Cunningham was elected as his successor, defeating Arrington in an upset election. Sanford became a teaching fellow at the University of Chicago Institute of Politics after the 2018 election.

Tenure
Sanford was sworn in on May 15, 2013.

On June 5, 2014, Sanford introduced the TSA Office of Inspection Accountability Act of 2014 (H.R. 4803; 113th Congress), a bill that would direct the Inspector General of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to review the data and methods that the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) uses to classify personnel as law enforcement officers and to reclassify, as necessary, any staff of the Office of Inspection that are currently misclassified according to the results of that review. Sanford said that "even though there are federal standards in place that lay out how employees qualify for higher wages, the Transportation Security Administration pays some of their employees more for jobs they're not doing. That wouldn't make sense anywhere outside of government and our bill would help fix that problem by clarifying those employees' responsibilities." According to Sanford, accurately reclassifying employees who do not spent at least 50 percent of the time on law enforcement activities and putting them on an accurate pay scale would save the government $17 million a year.

Sanford posted lengthy remarks on his Facebook page on September 12, 2014, regarding Jenny Sanford's "legal machinations surrounding the custody of their children." His remarks on Facebook on that date were longer than the total of all his 2014 speeches on the floor of the House of Representatives.

Despite the fact that Sanford supported Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election, he became "one of the president's most eloquent critics" early in Trump's tenure, according to The Washington Post. According to NPR, "Sanford hasn't been shy at voicing his disgust with Trump and his distaste for the president's brash style of politics and frequent bending of the truth." In a February 2017 interview, Sanford said that Trump "at some level... represents the antithesis, or the undoing, of everything I thought I knew about politics, preparation and life." According to an analysis by FiveThirtyEight, only four Republican House members voted less frequently with Trump than Sanford.

Sanford criticized President Donald Trump's 2017 executive order to temporarily curtail Muslim immigration until better screening methods were devised. He stated that "I'm hearing a voice of concern that things are moving from weird to reckless in their view. And that even if you're going to enact this policy, the way in which it was done just seems bizarre." In early 2017, Sanford signed a letter urging Congress to request Donald Trump's tax returns so that they could be reviewed in a closed session of Congress to determine whether they could be released to the public. In his 2018 re-election campaign ads, Sanford boasted of having voted with the president "89 percent of the time." He also expressed support for Trump's wall on the US-Mexico border.

On May 4, 2017, Sanford voted to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and pass the American Health Care Act.

Committee assignments
 Committee on the Budget
 Committee on Homeland Security
 Subcommittee on Emergency Preparedness, Response, and Communications
 Subcommittee on Transportation Security
 Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
 Subcommittee on Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation
 Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management
 Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment

Caucus memberships
 Liberty Caucus
 Freedom Caucus
 Republican Study Committee
 United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus
Climate Solutions Caucus

Involvement in presidential elections

2008
In 2006, before the midterm elections, some commentators discussed the possibility of Sanford running for president. He said that he would not run, and claimed that his re-election bid would be his last election, win or lose. After Super Tuesday in 2008, Sanford received some mention as a potential running mate for the presumptive Republican presidential candidate, John McCain. Sanford publicly aligned himself with McCain in a March 15, 2008, piece in The Wall Street Journal. Likening the presidential race to a football game at halftime, Sanford noted that he "sat out the first half, not endorsing a candidate...But I'm now stepping onto the field and going to work to help John McCain. It's important that conservatives do the same."

On January 11, 2008, shortly before the South Carolina presidential primaries (R Jan 19, D Jan 26), Sanford published a guest column in the Columbia newspaper The State. In the article, "Obama's Symbolism Here", Sanford wrote, "I won't be voting for Barack Obama for president", but noted the "historical burden" borne by South Carolinians on the topic of race. He advised voters in South Carolina to take note of the symbolism of Obama's early success, with the knowledge that South Carolina was a segregated state less than fifty years earlier, and discouraged voting either for or against Obama on the basis of his race.

On a January 18, 2008 interview with CNN's Wolf Blitzer, Sanford discussed his Obama article. Wolf Blitzer asked, "Give us your mind-set. Why did you think it was so important to write this piece right now at this critical moment?" Sanford responded, "Well, it plays into a larger conversation that we're having as a family of South Carolinians on, in fact, the [constitutional] structure of our government." Blitzer also showed Sanford clips of recent comments made by John McCain and Mike Huckabee about the Confederate battle flag and asked Sanford, "All right, two different positions, obviously. Who's right in this?" Sanford responded, "Well, it depends who you talk to." Sanford elaborated that "if you were to talk to the vast majority of South Carolinians, they would say that we do not need to be debating where the Confederate flag is or is not."

Sanford attracted derision in the liberal blogosphere and among pundits and analysts on the left for a gaffe during an interview with CNN's Blitzer on July 13, 2008, when he had difficulty answering a question about differences between Senator McCain and incumbent President George W. Bush on economic policy. "I'm drawing a blank, and I hate when I do that, especially on television", joked Sanford.

2012
As early as January 2008, there had been anticipation that Sanford would run for President in 2012, and online support groups had sprung up on social networks like Facebook for a Sanford ticket.

At the time, the governor neither ruled out nor expressly hinted at a run. Further boosting Sanford's profile in advance of a potential candidacy, he was elected as Chairman of the Republican Governors Association in November 2008 and was cited by Michael S. Steele, the chairman of the Republican Party as one of four "rising stars" in the GOP (alongside governors Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, Tim Pawlenty of Minnesota and Sarah Palin of Alaska) in February 2009. Sanford also received early support for a presidential run from the Republican Liberty Caucus.

On February 22, 2009, Sanford declined to rule out a possible presidential bid in 2012, though he professed to have no current plans to run for national office.

Washington Post blogger Chris Cillizza said that the revelation of the extramarital affair in June 2009 ended Sanford's chances of being a serious candidate in 2012.

On January 4, 2010, Sanford stated, "If there's anything that's abundantly clear, it's that I ain't running for president," and indicated that he would enter the private sector after his last 11 months as governor.

2016
Sanford endorsed Donald Trump in the 2016 presidential election.

2020 presidential campaign

On July 16, 2019, Sanford confirmed that he was interested in challenging Trump for the presidency in 2020, citing "his alarm over the nation's finances" as a reason for doing so. He said he would decide on a potential candidacy by September 2, 2019, but postponed it at the last minute because of Hurricane Dorian. On September 8, 2019, he formally launched his campaign and declared his candidacy for the Republican nomination on Fox News Sunday.

On November 12, 2019, Sanford announced that he was suspending his campaign.

Electoral history

*Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 1994, write-ins received 63 votes. In 1998, write-ins received 71 votes. In 2013, write-ins received 383 votes.

|-
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| colspan=5 |Republican hold
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Bibliography

 Sanford, Mark (August 24, 2021). Two Roads Diverged A Second Chance for the Republican Party, the Conservative Movement, the Nation― and Ourselves. Vertel Publishing. .

References

External links

 2003 Mark Sanford Swearing in Ceremony on South Carolina Educational Television

Statements
 Open Session On The Western Hemisphere Today: A Roundtable Discussion, Hearing Before The Subcommittee On The Western Hemisphere Of The Committee On International Relations, House Of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, March 12, 1997
 The Caribbean: An Overview Hearing Before The Subcommittee On The Western Hemisphere Of The Committee On International Relations House Of Representatives One Hundred Fifth Congress First Session May 14, 1997
 The President's Foreign Assistance Budget Request For Fiscal Year 1999 Hearing Before The Committee On International Relations House Of Representatives One Hundred Fifth Congress Second Session March 5, 1998
 Latin America And The Caribbean: An Update And Summary Of The Summit Of The Americas Hearing Before The Subcommittee On The Western Hemisphere Of The Committee On International Relations House Of Representatives One Hundred Fifth Congress Second Session May 6, 1998
 Franchise Fee Calculations Of Fort Sumter Tours, Inc. Oversight Hearing Before The Subcommittee On National Parks And Public Lands Of The Committee On Resources House Of Representatives One Hundred Sixth Congress First Session July 1, 1999, Washington, Dc Serial No. 106–44

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1960 births
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
Candidates in the 2020 United States presidential election
Episcopalians from South Carolina
Furman University alumni
Goldman Sachs people
Living people
Military personnel from Florida
Military personnel from South Carolina
People from Beaufort County, South Carolina
People from Hillsborough County, Florida
People from Sullivan's Island, South Carolina
Politicians from Charleston, South Carolina
Politicians from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina
Republican Party governors of South Carolina
United States Air Force officers
United States Air Force reservists
University of South Carolina trustees
University of Virginia Darden School of Business alumni

Mark Sanford


"Mmmh" () é uma canção gravada pelo cantor sul-coreano Kai. Foi lançado em 30 de novembro de 2020 como o single de seu EP de estréia, Kai. A canção foi escrita por Jane e Junny, e composta por Keelah Jacobsen, Cameron Jai e os escritores acima mencionados. Musicalmente, "Mmmh" foi descrita como uma canção de R&B com uma melodia simple e viciante.

Após seu lançamento, o single recebeu críticas geralmente positivas dos críticos. Comercialmente, a canção estreou na 26ª posição do Gaon Digital Chart e na 15ª posição do Billboard World Digital Songs. Junto com o lançamento do single, foi lançado um vídeo musical com temática futurista para acompanhar a canção.

Kai promoveu "Mmmh" em vários shows de música como Inkigayo, Music Bank e Show! Music Core.

Composição
"Mmmh" é caracterizado como um single com uma melodia simple, mas viciante em uma canção minimalista, também é descrita como uma faixa de amor encantadora e simple, cuja letra é sobre uma pessoa que sente atração por alguém que conheceu pela primeira vez. Em termos de notação musical, a canção é composta em tom do sol menor, com um tempo de 137 batidas por minuto e uma duração de três minutos e treze segundos.

Recepção crítica

JT Early de Beats Per Minute descreveu "Mmmh" como uma música de R&B com batidas lentas e vocais sensuais. Ele acrescentou que "Kai tem a voz perfeita para este gênero, forte, mas suave". Park Soo-jin da IZM disse que o single "não é nem difícil nem fácil, mas a melodia é cativante para o ouvido". Ela também acrescentou que a canção é um bom começo para manter uma carreira por conta própria.

Desempenho nas paradas

Notas

Canções em coreano
Singles de 2020

Mmmh


Elias Petropoulos (en , né à Athènes le  et mort à Paris  le ) est un auteur, folkloriste et historien urbain grec. Se décrivant lui-même comme un « anthropologue urbain », il a écrit sur des aspects de la vie grecque auparavant rarement abordés tant qu'objets d'étude sérieux. Parmi ces sujets, l'argot, la musique LGBT, les toxicomanes et les criminels. Certains de ses livres, considérés comme immoraux sous la dictature des Colonels (1967-1974), lui ont valu des amendes et des peines de prison, ce qui l'a finalement poussé à quitter la Grèce pou venir s'établir en France en 1974 où il a passé le restant de sa vie.

Annexes

Ouvrages publiés
 Καλιαρντά 2ème. ed, Athènes, Kedros, 1971.
 Une chanson macabre : témoignage du goy Elias Petropoulos concernant les sentiments anti-juifs en Grèce. Avec un post-scriptum de Pierre Vidal-Naquet, textes traduits du grec et du français par John Taylor. Paris : [sn], 1985 (Paris : Atelier Mérat)
 Vieille Salonique. Athènes, Kédros, 1980.
 Rebetika : chansons de l'ancien monde souterrain grec traduites par John Taylor, illustrées par Alekos Fassianos. Londres, Alcyon Art Editions, 1992.
 Ρεμπέτικα τραγούδια . 2e éd., Athènes, Kedros, 1983.
 Songs of the Greek Underworld:  The Rebetika Tradition. Traduction avec introduction et complément. texte d'Ed Emery. Londres, Saqui Books, 2000.

Bibliographie
 Harsh Out of Tenderness: The Greek Poet & Urban Folklorist Elias Petropoulos, par John Taylor, Sydney: Cycladic Press, 2020.
 Ηλίας Πετρόπουλος, ο τεχνιτής της διαστροφής, par Yiannis Vasilakakos, Athènes : Odos Panos, 2018.

Filmographie
 Elias Petropoulos, un monde souterrain, réalisateur : Kalliopi Legaki , productrice : Maria Gentekou, 2005.

Références

Liens externes

Communiste grec
Rebetiko
Musicologue grec
Anarchiste grec
Poète grec du XXe siècle
Écrivain grec du XXe siècle
Naissance en juin 1928
Naissance à Athènes
Décès en septembre 2003
Décès dans le 5e arrondissement de Paris
Décès à 75 ans

Elias Petropoulos


İroniya sudbı, ili S lügkim parom! (Rusça Ирония судьбы, или С лёгким паром!), Eldar Rizanov'un yönetiği 1975'te Mosfilm stüdyolarında çekilen komedi drama filmi. Film Sovyetler Birliği ve Rusya'nın geleneksel yılbaşı filmi haline gelmiştir.

Film Leonid Brejnev dönemi mimarisine yapılan bir iğneleme ile başlar. Her şehirde aynı mimaride binalar aynı isimde cadde ve sokaklar ve aynı mobilyalarla tek tip bir yaşam eleştirilir ama yaşanan aşkların ve kişiliklerin zenginliği de eleştirilen tek düzelikten yeşermiştir. Film bu zenginliği ile birçok Sovyet filmi gibi tekrar tekrar bıkılmadan izlenebilen bir yılbaşı filmi olmuştur.

Özet
Jenya (Andrei Myagkov) 30'lu yaşlarına gelmesine rağmen halen evlenememiştir ve annesi ile Moskova'da yaşamaktadır. Bir süredir birlikte olduğu kız arkadaşı Galya ile yılbaşını başbaşa geçirmeye karar veririler. Jenya o gün Galya'ya evlenme teklif etmiştir. Jenya yılbaşı günü her yılbaşı günü yaptığı gibi arkadaşları ile hamama gider. Orada arkadaşları Jenya'nın evlilik kararını kutlamak için votka içmek isterler hamamdan hepsi sarhoş çıkar. O gün Leningrad'a gidecek olan diğer arkadaşı'nı yolcu etmek için küfelik bir halde havalanına gelirler. Ancak yanlışlıkla Jenya'yı Leningrad uçağına bildirirler. Hepsi o kadar sarhoştur ki Jenya dahil kimse yapılan yanlışın farkında değildir. Sızmış bir durumda olan Jenya uçak Leningrad'a inince bir adam tarafından uçağın dışına taşınır. Bu adamı her filminde küçük bir rol oynamayı adet edinen filmin yönetmeni Eldar Ryazanov canlandırmaktadır. Burada Jena bir taksiye biner ve kendi evinin adresini verir. Leningrad'da olduğunun farkında değildir. Leningrad'da da aynı adres vardır ve taksi onu söylediği adrese getirir. Apartman da kendi apartmanının aynısıdır. Jenya halen Leningrad'da olduğunun farkında olmadan oturduğu kata çıkar, anahtarı ile kapıyı açar ve evde sızar. Evde mobilyalar dahil her şey Jenya'nın evinin tıpatıp aynısıdır. Bu sırada evin gerçek sahibi olan Nadya (Barbara Brylska) eve gelir. O da evlenme planları yaptığı erkek arkadaşı İppolit (Yuriy Yakovlev) ile başbaşa bir yılbaşı planı yapmıştır. Ancak evindeki bu yabancı tüm planlarını altüst eder. Kıskanç erkek arkadaşına durumu anlatmak imkânsızdır. Aynı şekilde Moskova'da olmadığını fark eden Jenya için de Galya'ya durumu anlatmak oldukça zordur. Jenya durumu fark ettikten hemen sonra Moskova'ya dönmeye çalışır ancak sabaha kadar Moskova'ya uçak yoktur. İppolit olaylara inanmakta zorluk çeker. Zaman zaman pişman olsa da her seferinde kıskançlığına yenik düşer. Bu kargaşanın içerisinde Nadya ile Jenya arasında gerçek bir aşk yeşerir.

Dış bağlantılar

 Eleştiri The New York Times'ta
 Film sahneleri
 Tanıtım ve Film sahneleri

Eldar Ryazanov'un yönettiği filmler
Screwball komedisi
Konusu Rusya'da geçen filmler
Sovyet romantik komedi filmleri
Sovyet komedi filmleri
1970'lerde romantik komedi-drama filmleri
1975 çıkışlı dramatik filmler
1975 çıkışlı komedi filmleri
1970'lerde Rusça filmler

İroniya sudbı, ili S lügkim parom!


الرحيق سائل مائي سكري تفرزه الغدد الرحيقية التي تتواجد إما على الزهرة أو على الأوراق أو عند التقاء ساق الورقة مع الغصن وهو الغذاء الرئيسي للنحل حيث يمتصه من الأزهار ويحمله إلى خلاياه في حويصلة العسل.
عند العودة إلى الخلية تسلم الشغالات السارحات الرحيق لشغالات أخرى فم إلى فم، لتقوم بتحويله إلى عسل في معدة العسل الخاصة وليس في معدة الهضم.
يحتوي الرحيق على نسب مختلفة من السكريات خاصة الجلوكوز والفريكتوز، وبعض الإنزيمات النادرة التي تعتبر سر الشفاء من الأمراض عند البشر.
يرتبط اسم الرحيق بالنحل والعسل لأن العسل الناتج عنه أحسن وأغلى من العسل الناتج عن الندوة العسلية أو شبه العسل الناتج عن امتصاص النحل للمحلول السكري لقصب السكر.
تختلف الأزهار في قدرتها على إفراز الرحيق، فهناك أنواع تفرز كمية كبيرة ولفترة طويلة، كما أن هناك أزهار لا تفرز الرحيق إطلاقا.كما تختلف بينها في وقت إفرازه صباحا أو مساء أو في الظهيرة.
كما أن بعض الأشجار تتطلب درجة حرارة معينة لإفراز الرحيق.
كما تختلف مدة بقائه من نبتة إلى أخرى.
تتحكم في عملية افراز الرحيق عوامل كثيرة منها مايتعلق بعمر النبتة أو وضع الزهرة وتركيبة الأرض الفيزيوكيميائية، أو مايتعلق بالرطوبة النسبية للجو والأرض.
تتنافس النباتات فيما بينها أيها تجذب النحل وباقي الملقحات لتلقيحها بزيادة كمية الرحيق وتركيزه وتعطيره.

انظر أيضًا

 نبات رحاقي

مراجع

أزهار
أساطير إغريقية
إيكولوجيا حشرات
تأبير
جبل أوليمبوس
عسل
فيزيولوجيا النبات
مطبخ يوناني قديم

رحيق


Butomopsis latifolia,  jedina vrsta jednosupnica u rodu Butomopsis, široko rasprostranje po raznim dijelovima svijeta, Australija (Northern Territory, Queensland), Azija (Bangladeš, Butan, Nepal, Tajland Assam, Vijetnam, Java, Laos, otoci Coco u Burmi) i Africi.

B. latifolia je godišnji hidrofit koji voli blatnjava tla, potoke do dubine od 0,5 m, plitke rijeke, jezera, močvare i polja s rižom. Listovi su kod mlade biljke dugi i tanki, koji sazrijevanjem biljke dobivaju ovalni oblik. Cvije tje bijel.

Pokusi da se biljka uzgaja u akvarijima počeli su 2005 godine.

Sinonimi
 Butomopsis cordofana (Hochst.) Kunth ex Walp.
 Butomopsis lanceolata (Roxb.) Kunth
 Butomus lanceolatus Roxb.
 Butomus latifolius D.Don
 Elattosis apetala Gagnep.
 Tenagocharis alismoides Hochst.
 Tenagocharis cordofana Hochst.
 Tenagocharis lanceolata (Roxb.) Baill.
 Tenagocharis latifolia (D.Don) Buchenau

Izvori

Vanjskew poveznice
 West African Plants

Žabočunovke

Butomopsis


The Roue de Paris is a  tall transportable Ferris wheel, originally installed on the Place de la Concorde in Paris, France, for the 2000 millennium celebrations. It left Paris in 2002 and has since then seen service at numerous other locations around the world.

It is a Ronald Bussink series R60 wheel and needs no permanent foundations, instead  (40 tonnes) of water ballast provide a stable base. It weighs 365 tonnes.

Due to its transportable design, it can be erected in 72 hours and dismantled in 60 hours by a specialist team. Transport requires seven  container lorries, ten open trailer lorries, and one closed trailer lorry.

The forty-two gondolas can be loaded either three or six at a time, and each can accommodate eight passengers.

Installations
 2000–02: Place de la Concorde, Paris, France. ().
 2003–04: following its initial installation in France, the Roue de Paris was moved to Birmingham, England, where it was known as the Wheel of Birmingham. For Christmas 2004, it was moved to Exchange Square, Manchester, where it was known as the Wheel of Manchester.
 2005: first the wheel went to the Netherlands, making a short visit to the World Town Fair in Geleen, followed by ten days at the Museumplein (Museum Square) in Amsterdam. It then went to Gateshead, England for the Tall Ships Race and stayed there until the end of September.
 2006–07: the wheel was installed at the Suan Lum Night Bazaar in Bangkok, Thailand, and operated there until it was dismantled and removed in 2007.
 2008: Antwerp, Belgium.
 2013: Rimini, Italy.
 2015: [Gent]During Christmas and new year.
 2016: [Gent] During Christmas and new year.
 2022: Cologne, Germany, March through June
 2023: Paris, France, summer

References

External links

lagranderoue.eu

Transportable Ferris wheels

Roue de Paris


An Panicum penicillatum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck ngan Carl Bernhard von Trinius. An Panicum penicillatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Panicum, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Panicum

Panicum penicillatum


Nestor Ívanovytsj Makhno (úkraínska: Не́стор Івáнович Махно́; 8. nóvember 1888 – 25. júlí 1934), einnig kallaður Bat'ko Makhno (úkraínska: Бáтько Махно́; "Faðir Makhno") var úkraínskur stjórnleysingi og byltingarmaður sem leiddi sjálfstæðan her stjórnleysingja í Úkraínu frá 1917 til 1921.

Æviágrip
Nestor Makhno fæddist í sára fátækt í þorpi í Úkraínu. Hann missti föður sinn á barnsaldri og var því látinn vinna fyrir fjölskyldunni þegar hann var mjög ungur. Nestor hlaut aðeins takmarkaða skólagöngu og þegar hann var fimmtán ára varð hann verkamaður í verksmiðju. Hann fór á þessum tíma að lesa byltingarrit og komst í kynni við jafnaldra sína sem einnig hrifust af hugsjónum um byltingu gegn rússneskum embættismönnum og óðalseigendum sem kúguðu úkraínska bændur. Makhno gekk fimmtán ára gamall í leynifélag byltingarsinna en var handtekinn og dæmdur til dauða. Móður hans tókst hins vegar að biðla til stjórnvalda um að fá dóminn mildaðan og svo fór að honum var breytt í ævilangan fangelsisdóm.

Makhno var fluttur í Butyrka-fangelsið í Moskvu til að afplána fangavistina. Hann dvaldi í fangelsinu í tíu ár og var jafnan hafður í járnum. Þegar febrúarbyltingin var gerð í Rússlandi árið 1917 var Makhno sleppt úr fangelsinu af nýjum stjórnvöldum. Hann hafði mikið lesið í fangavistinni og var farinn að aðhyllast stjórnleysisstefnu þegar honum var sleppt.

Makhno sneri aftur til Úkraínu eftir lausn sína úr fangelsinu og hóf afskipti af stjórnmálum á æskuslóðum sínum. Hann lagði þar fyrst áherslu á að koma upp nýjum skólum fyrir bæði börn og fullorðna. Þegar fréttir bárust af októberbyltingunni í Rússlandi, þar sem kommúnistar höfðu tekið völdin, fór Makhno fram og aftur um Úkraínu til að hvetja smábændur til að kollvarpa stóreignarbændum og óðalseigendum og gera landeignir þeirra upptækar.

Borgarastyrjöldin um Úkraínu

Eftir að kommúnistar komust til valda í Rússlandi sömdu þeir frið við Þjóðverja í fyrri heimsstyrjöldinni með Brest-Litovsk-sáttmálanum. Með sáttmálanum afsöluðu Rússar sér yfirráðum yfir Úkraínu og veittu Þjóðverjum rétt til að taka hveiti af úkraínskum bændum. Þjóðverjar og Austurríkismenn nýttu sér þessa heimild til að ræna uppskeru af Úkraínumönnum en Makhno safnaði liði ásamt sex félögum sínum og myndaði verndarsveit til að verja bændurnar gegn ágangi hernámsliðsins. Makhno og félögum tókst ítrekað að sigra mun stærri ránssveitir Þjóðverja og Austurríkismanna og smám saman safnaðist lítill her sjálfboðaliða í kringum Makhno. Makhno og stuðningsmenn hans börðust bæði gegn hernámsliðinu og gegn stóreignarbændum sem reyndu að endurheimta jarðeignir sínar.

Eftir að Miðveldin báðu ósigur í fyrri heimsstyrjöldinni höfðu Þjóðverjar og Austurríkismenn sig burt frá Úkraínu. Stjórnvöld bolsévika í Rússlandi sendu rauða herinn inn í Úkraínu til að endurheimta þar yfirráð og koma þar á kommúnískri stjórn. Þrátt fyrir að Makhno væri ekki kommúnisti barðist her hans fyrst um sin við hlið rauða hersins á móti her hvítliða sem reyndi einnig að ná stjórn í Úkraínu, þar sem Makhno áleit möguleikan á endurreisn rússneska keisaradæmisins enn verri kost. Það var einkum þökk sé Makhno og her hans sem það tókst að stöðva framrás hvítliðaforingjans Antons Deníkín áður en her hans komst til Moskvu. Þrátt fyrir að Makhno hafi þannig bjargað rússnesku byltingunni var kommúnistum í Moskvu illa við hann og þeir uppnefndu hann "þorparann frá Úkraínu."

Þrátt fyrir bandalag Makhno við kommúnista í rússnesku borgarastyrjöldinni neitaði hann að takmarka frelsi á svæðunum sem her hans vann eða að skattleggja bændur í nafni kommúnistastjórnarinnar. Stjórn bolsévika bauð Makhno að verða hershöfðingi yfir stórri herdeild og Makhno þáði það með því skilyrði að hermenn hans yrðu frjálsir og að kommúnistar hefðu ekki afskipti af stjórn herdeildarinnar. Bolsévikar féllust á þetta, en yfirhershöfðingi rauða hersins, Lev Trotskíj, fól Makhno að verja langhættulegustu víglínurnar í Úkraínu og dró það á langinn að senda honum nauðsynleg skotfæri til að geta barist. Þegar skotfærin bárust ekki og Trotskíj svaraði ekki skeytum Makhnos hætti Makhno að fylgja skipunum hans. Trotskíj lét í kjölfarið lýsa Makhno svikara og setti fé til höfuðs honum. Í kjölfarið hóf her Makhnos að berjast gegn kommúnistum jafnt sem hvítliðum.

Makhno átti mikils fylgis að fagna meðal úkraínskra bænda og her hans vann mikla sigra í borgarastyrjöldinni um Úkraínu. Makhno tókst meðal annars að hertaka borgina Jekaterínoslav (nú Dnípro), sem hafði þá verið skipt milli kommúnista og úkraínskra sjálfstæðissinna undir stjórn Símons Petljúra. Makhno gerði í kjölfarið annað bandalag við kommúnista og hjálpaði þeim að reka her Deníkíns á flótta. Eftir sigurinn gegn Deníkín lét Trotskíj hins vegar aftur lýsa Makhno óvin byltingarinnar og átök hófust milli kommúnistanna og stjórnleysingjanna á ný.

Árið 1920 reyndi Trotskíj aftur að fá hjálp Makhnos í stríði Sovétríkjanna gegn Póllandi en í þetta sinn neitaði Makhno beiðninni. Bolsévikar sendu í kjölfarið her til yfirráðasvæðis Makhnos í Úkraínu til að reyna að handsama hann. Makhno tókst að komast undan, en kommúnistar handsömuðu bróður hans í misgripum fyrir hann og tóku hann af lífi. Þegar Pólverjar hófu sókn inn í Rússland undir forystu hvítliðans Pjotrs Wrangel fékkst Makhno þó til að veita Sovétmönnum hjálp með þeim skilyrðum að stjórnleysingjar sem sætu í fangelsi í Rússlandi yrðu látnir lausir, að Úkraínumenn fengju mál- og prentfrelsi og að kommúnistar skiptu sér ekki af stjórn Úkraínu.

Flótti og útlegð
Með hjálp Makhnos tókst Sovétmönnum að stöðva sókn Wrangels en eftir að sigurinn var unninn snerust þeir aftur gegn Makhno og stimpluðu hann sem handbendi hvítliða. Makhno tókst enn á ný að forðast handtöku rauða hersins, en hann ákvað í kjölfarið að leysa upp her sinn og yfirgefa Úkraínu. Hann fór fyrst til Rúmeníu en síðan til Póllands og svo til Þýskalands, en bolsévikar reyndu árangurslaust að fá hann framseldan til sín.

Makhno settist á endanum að í París ásamt konu sinni og dóttur og skrifaði þar fyrir róttæk tímarit. Makhno lést í París árið 1934 eftir langvarandi baráttu við berkla.

Einkahagir
Makhno kvæntist kennslukonu að nafni Haljna á átakatímanum í Úkraínu og hún var alla tíð dyggur stuðningsmaður í pólitískri baráttu hans. Þau eignuðust eina dóttur, Jelenu.

Tilvísanir

Trúleysingjar
Úkraínskir byltingarmenn
Úkraínskir kósakkar
Úkraínskir stjórnleysingjar

Nestor Makhno


Terminal Choice fue un grupo alemán de rock industrial, formado en 1993 por el vocalista Chris Pohl (también miembro de  Blutengel, Tumor, Pain of Progress y además dueño del sello discográfico Fear Section). Inicialmente el sonido de la banda era puramente electrónico pero a partir del álbum Navigator (1998) empezaron a incorporar guitarras, orientando el sonido de la banda hacia una especie de rock industrial o incluso neue deutsche härte. Las letras del grupo están escritas en inglés y alemán.

En 2017 y tras varios años de silencio absoluto, Chris Pohl confirmó en su autobiografía que el grupo está disuelto por falta de tiempo e interés por parte de sus integrantes. Aun así no se ha hecho ningún comunicado oficial al respecto. El último lanzamiento fue el triple recopilatorio Black Journey 1-3 y un año antes se habían dado los últimos conciertos.

Actualmente Chris Pohl está más centrado en Blutengel, mientras que Louis Manke canta y toca la guitarra en el grupo de pop-rock Staubkind.

Miembros

Última formación
Chris Pohl - Voz (1993-2010)
Jens Gärtner - Batería (1997-2010)
Gordon Mocznay - Bajo (2000-2010)
Louis Manke - Guitarras (2001-2010)

Pasados
 Manuel Selling - Bajo (1997-2000)
 Sten Nitschke - Productor, Remixer (1997-2000) (falleció en 2011)

Discografía

Demos
1993: Terminal Choice
1994: Desiderius
1994: Facets of Pain
1994: Desiderius
1995: Degernerated Inclinations

Álbumes
1996: In the Shadow of Death
1998: Navigator
1999: Black Past (Rare - 1000 copies)
2000: Ominous Future
2003: Buried a-Live (Live álbum)
2003: Menschenbrecher
2003: Reloadead ("Best of" álbum)
2006: New Born Enemies
2010: Übermacht
2011: Black Journey 1
2011: Black Journey 2
2011: Black Journey 3

EP
1997: Khaosgott
1999: Venus
2002: Collective Suicide
2009: Keine Macht MCD

Sencillos
1995: Totes Fleisch
1998: Totes Fleisch Remixes
2000: No Chance
2000: Fading
2000: Animal
2003: Injustice
2006: Don't Go

Enlaces externos
 https://web.archive.org/web/20040925031022/http://www.terminal-choice.de/

Grupos de rock de Alemania
Grupos de rock gótico de Alemania
Grupos de música industrial de Alemania
Grupos de metal industrial de Alemania

Terminal Choice


هذه قائمة الدول حسب نسبة السكان الذين يعانون من سوء التغذية.

روابط إضافية
 Source: FAO: The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2006
 Source: FAO Statistics Division
 Source: United Nations World Food Programme - World Hunger Map

مراجع

انظر أيضا
قائمة الدول حسب نسبة السكان الذين يعانون من سوء التغذية/الدول العشر الأولى

سوء التغذية
قوائم الدول
وبائيات


La gare de Rebecq est une gare ferroviaire belge, fermée, de la ligne 115, de Braine-l'Alleud à Rognon, via Tubize située sur la commune de Rebecq, dans la province du Brabant wallon en Région wallonne.

Situation ferroviaire
La gare de Rebecq était établie au  (PK) 20,6 de la ligne 115, de Braine-l'Alleud à Rognon, via Tubize, entre la gare de Quenast (fermée aux voyageurs) et celle de Rognon (fermée à tous trafics commerciaux).

Le chemin de fer touristique à voie étroite Rail Rebecq Rognon a remis en service une partie de la ligne 115 entre les anciennes gares de Rebecq et Rognon ; le terminus de Rebecq se situe toutefois de l'autre côté du passage à niveau de la rue du Pont et non face à l'ancien quai.

Histoire
La première gare à Rebecq est celle de Rognon (nommée Rebecq-Rognon jusqu'en 1982), ouverte le  sur le chemin de fer de Gand à Braine-le-Comte (actuelles lignes 122 et 123.

L'État belge concède en 1870 à la Compagnie des Bassins Houillers du Hainaut une série de lignes parmi lesquelles figure un chemin de fer de Lembecq à Rebecq et Rognon (future section de Tubize à Rognon de la ligne 115. La section de Tubize à Quenast est terminée en premier () puis, le , la ligne est prolongée jusque Rebecq-Rognon avec une gare dans le centre de Rebecq.

La gare de Rebecq-Village, renommée Rebecq en 1882, comporte un bâtiment des recettes et des installations pour le déchargement des marchandises.

La SNCB supprime les trains de voyageurs entre Tubize et Rognon à partir du  ; la section de Quenast à Rognon est fermée aux trains de marchandises le , les rails sont retirés en 1964.

Constituée en 1972, l'association Rail Rebecq Rognon a reposé une voie étroite de  sur une section de l'ancienne ligne 115 entre Rebecq et Rognon avec des ateliers près du pont sur la Senne et une collection de locomotives diesel et à vapeur.

Patrimoine ferroviaire
Le bâtiment de la gare correspond à une version tardive du plan type 1873 des Chemins de fer de l'État belge. L'association Rail Rebecq Rognon y accueille les voyageurs. Construit entièrement en briques sans enduit et doté d'une une aile basse avec cinq percements (trois larges portes et deux fenêtres plus étroites), il était identique à celui de la gare de Quenast (en partie démoli). Les autres bâtiments de ce type sur les lignes 115 et 106 (Clabecq, Braine-le-Château, Ronquières) n'ont que quatre travées égales sur cette aile principale.

Une voiture M2 de première classe datant de 1958-1960 est installée en face de l'ancien quai et sert de restaurant.

Notes et références

Bibliographie
 Hugo de Bot, Architecture des gares en Belgique, tome I (de 1835 à 1914), Brepols, Turnhout, 2002.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Ligne 115 (Infrabel)
 Rail Rebecq Rognon
 Liste de gares en Belgique

Liens externes

Gare
Ligne 115 (Infrabel)
Gare dans la province du Brabant wallon
Gare mise en service en 1879

Gare de Rebecq


سوق نعمان بلدية بولاية أم البواقي.

سوق نعمان هي بلدية تابعة لولاية أم البواقي، وتقع في أقصى غرب الولاية، تبعد ب 90 كم عن مركز أم البواقي، و 54 عن مدينة باتنة و66 كلم عن مدينة قسنطينة، تحدها كل من عين ياقوت، بئر الشهداء، أولاد زواي، تلاغمة، عين مليلة، أولاد حملة. يسودها مناخ قاري بارد شتاء وحار جاف صيفا، تتميز بطابعها الفلاحي ومنتجاتها الزراعية وأهمها الطماطم والتبغ والفلفل بالإضافة إلى مختلف المنتوجات الصناعية.
بدأت مدينة سوق نعمان بتطوير النشاطات الصناعية والتجارية في مختلف الميادين.

المصادر

سوق نعمان

سوق نعمان


Mijo Jagrić - Miša (Posavski Podgajci, 25. kolovoza 1961.) glazbenik je i pjevač tradicionalne glazbe.

Biografija
Rođen je 25. kolovoza 1961. u Posavskim Podgajcima, gdje je pohađao Osnovnu školu Davorina Trstenjaka. Završio je srednju strukovnu školu u Brčkom. Diplomirao je na Pedagoškom fakultetu u Osijeku te danas radi kao pedagog u Obrtničko-industrijskoj školi Županja.

Diskografija
 1995. godine u produkciji Supertona izlazi album "Neka priče kruže" tamburaškog sastava Zlatna zvona u kojem je Mijo Jagrić djelovao kao vokal i basprim.
 2008. godine u izdanju Croatia Recordsa objavljuje i samostalni album "Kad tambure zašute...". Većinu pjesama s tog albuma potpisuje Krešimir Stipa-Bogutovac.

Festivalski nastupi

1995. godine Zlatna zvona trebala su nastupiti na glazbenom festivalu "Zlatne žice Slavonije" s pjesmama "Crnka" i "Pjevajte svatovi". Kasnije je dogovoreno da pjesmu "Pjevajte svatovi" predaju tamburaškom sastavu Žeteoci.
2006. godine na 1. glazbenom festivalu Šokačke pisme Zlatna zvona nastupaju s pjesmom "Što ja volim" autorice Ljiljane Tonkić. Pjesma je 2008. objavljena i na albumu "Kad tambure zašute...", ali pod nazivom "Ti si želja srca moga".
2007. godine na 2. glazbenom festivalu Šokačke pisme Zlatna zvona nastupaju s pjesmom "U tuđini ne miriše cvijeće" autorice Marije Mušović, sestre Mije Jagrića. Pjesma je 2008. objavljena i na albumu "Kad tambure zašute...", ali pod nazivom "Ja sam svoga zavičaja klica".
2008. godine na 3. glazbenom festivalu Šokačke pisme Mijo Jagrić nastupa s pjesmom "Šokačka se duša raspukla po šavu" autorice Blanke Vladislavić. Pjesma je te iste godine objavljena na albumu "Kad tambure zašute...".
2009. godine na 4. glazbenom festivalu Šokačke pisme Mijo Jagrić i Slavonska idila izlaze s pjesmom "Ravnico, moja ljubavi" autora Zvonimira Stjepanovića.
2010. godine na 5. glazbenom festivalu Šokačke pisme Mijo Jagrić i Slavonci izlaze s pjesmom "Ej, Dunave" autora Hrvoja Bogutovca.
2011. godine na 6. glazbenom festivalu Šokačke pisme Mijo Jagrić i Slavonci izlaze s pjesmom "Jela" autora Ivice Plivelića.
2012. godine na 7. glazbenom festivalu Šokačke pisme Mijo Jagrić nastupa s pjesmom "Milo, garavo" autora Maria Vučeka.
2013. godine na 8. glazbenom festivalu Šokačke pisme Mijo Jagrić i TS Čežnja izlaze s pjesmom "Hvala tebi, Slavonijo mila" autora Vlade Mejdanca.
 2019. godine na 14. glazbenom festivalu Šokačke pisme Mijo Jagrić izlazi s pjesmom "Šokačka rič" autora Ilije Nikolića Pranjkova.

Hrvatski pjevači

Mijo Jagrić


Ostatci brodoloma tegljača Ursus, ostatci brodoloma talijanskog tegljača Ursus, istočno od rta Stončice kod Visa, zaštićeno kulturno dobro

Opis dobra
Istočno od rta Stončica, nalaze se ostaci talijanskog tegljača "Ursus", jednog od najbolje sačuvanih manjih brodova u podmorju Jadrana. Sagrađen je 1918. u Veneciji. Bio je dugačak 35 metara, širok 5 metara, a imao je 407 BRT-a nosivosti. Početkom 2. svjetskog rata ga je mobilizirala talijanska mornarica, da bi ga je 1941. potopila britanska podmornica. Posebno dobro su sačuvana slova na krmi, strojarnica, dimnjak i most.

Zaštita
Pod oznakom Z-62 zaveden je kao nepokretno kulturno dobro - pojedinačno, pravna statusa zaštićena kulturnog dobra, klasificirano kao "arheološka baština".

Izvori

Zaštićene podvodne arheološke zone i nalazišta u Splitsko-dalmatinskoj županiji
Vis
Ostatci novovjekih brodoloma u Hrvatskoj

Ostatci brodoloma tegljača Ursus


Survivor Series 2015 a fost cea de-a douăzeci și opta ediție a pay-per-view-ului anual Survivor Series organizat de World Wrestling Entertainment. A avut loc pe data de 22 noiembrie 2015 în arena Philips Arena din Atlanta, Georgia.

Rezultate
 Pre-Show: The Dudley Boyz (Bubba Ray Dudley & D-Von Dudley), Goldust, Neville, și Titus O'Neil i-au învins pe Bo Dallas, The Cosmic Wasteland (Konnor, Stardust & Viktor) și The Miz într-un 5-on-5 Survivor Series elimination match (18:10)
 D-Von l-a eliminat pe Stardust după un «3D».
 Roman Reigns l-a învins pe Alberto del Rio (însoțit de Zeb Colter) în semifinala turneului pentru campionatul WWE World Heavyweight Championship (14:05)
 Reigns l-a numărat pe del Rio după un «Spear».
 Dean Ambrose l-a învins pe Kevin Owens în semifinala turneului pentru campionatul WWE World Heavyweight Championship (11:20)
 Ambrose l-a numărat pe Owens după un «Dirty Deeds».
 The Usos (Jey Uso & Jimmy Uso) și The Lucha Dragons (Kalisto & Sin Cara) și Ryback i-au învins pe King Barrett & Sheamus și The New Day (Big E, Kofi Kingston, și Xavier Woods) într-un 5-on-5 Survivor Series elimination match (17:33)
 Ryback l-a eliminat pe Sheamus după un «Shell Shock».
 Charlotte a învins-o pe Paige păstrându-și campionatul WWE Divas Championship (14:18)
 Charlotte a făcut-o pe Paige să cedeze cu «Figure Eight».
 Tyler Breeze l-a învins pe Dolph Ziggler (6:41)
 Breeze l-a numărat pe Ziggler după un «Unprettier».
 The Brothers of Destruction (Kane și The Undertaker) i-au învins pe The Wyatt Family (Bray Wyatt și Luke Harper) (10:18)
 Undertaker l-a numărat pe Harper după un «Tombstone Piledriver».
 Roman Reigns l-a învins pe Dean Ambrose în finala turneului pentru vacantul campionat WWE World Heavyweight Championship (9:02)
 Reigns l-a numărat pe Ambrose după un «Spear».
 După meci, Triple H a ieșit să sărbătorească cu Reigns dar acesta i-a aplicat un «Spear».
 După meci, Reigns a fost atacat de Sheamus.
 Sheamus l-a învins pe Roman Reigns încasând valiza Money in the Bank câștigând campionatul WWE World Heavyweight Championship (0:39)
 Sheamus l-a numărat pe Reigns după un «Brogue Kick».
 După meci, Triple H a sărbătorit cu Sheamus.

Evenimente pay-per-view WWE
Survivor Series

Survivor Series (2015)


الرجفان البطيني  هو حالة توقف القلب عن العمل بسبب خلل في منظومة القلب تؤدي إلى ارتجاف البطينين بدل انقباضهما، الأمر الذي يؤدي إلى توقف الدورة الدموية ومن ثم إلى الوفاة بالسكتة القلبية إن لم يتم تدارك الأمر علاجياً خلال دقائق معدودة من خلال عملية الإنعاش القلبي الرئوي.

الآلية المرضية
الحالة الطبيعية لانقباض عضلة البطين يتم تنظيمها عن طريق مايسمى بنظم القلب، وهو عبارة عن آلية تنظيم حركة الخلايا القلبية بشكل متزامن، بحيث تنقبض الخلايا في نفس اللحظة مشكلة ما يسمى انقباضة قلبية ، وانبساطها  بشكل متزامن. أما في حالة الرجفان البطيني فالوضع مختلف، حيث يوصف الرجفان البطيني بالحركة العشوائية، وذلك يعود إلى أن سبب توقف القلب عن الانقباض يعود إلى حدوث انقباض عشوائي لخلايا عضلات البطينين بحيث تكون محصلة الانقباضات رجفان يصيب جدران البطين ويظهر الرجفان على مخطط قلب كهربائي كموجات بتردد من 300-800\دقيقة بدون ظهور مركب QRS. تبدأ الانقباضات العشوائية كتحركات دائرية للشارة الناقلة ماتلبث أن تنهار لتصبح عشوائية تماماً.

الناحية الوظيفية

يشكل القلب ببطينيه المضخة الرئيسية للدورة الدموية، وتعتمد وظيفة القلب في الضخ على عوامل أساسية هي:
 قوة عضلة القلب.
 صمامات القلب.
 انتظام عملية الضخ وما يسمى بنظم القلب.

في حالة الرجفان البطيني فإن الخلل الذي يصيب القلب يكون في تنظيم الشارة الناقلة فيصبح القلب عاجزاً عن صخ الدم، فتتوقف الدورة الدموية تماماً، وهذا ما يسمى بالسكتة القلبية. من ناحية مبدئية فإن توقف القلب عن الضخ حين الرجفان البطيني لاعلاقة له بقوة العضلة القلبية ولا بالتروية القلبية، فمجرد حدوث الاضطراب النظمي المتمثل بالرجفان البطيني كافٍ لتوقف القلب عن العمل.

أسباب الرجفان البطيني

هناك عدد من الأسباب المؤدية للرجفان البطيني ومن ثم ، واكتشاف هذه الحالات يتضمن إما إجراء الفحوصات على الناجين من  أو التشريح لضحايا . ولكن يمكن القول أن 50% من حالات الرجفان البطيني تعود إلى النقص الحاد في التروية القلبية، ويعود ذلك إلى التشويش على الخلايا الناقلة لللإشارة الناقلة، وذلك لأن هذه الخلايا أكثر حساسية لنقص التروية الدموية من الخلايا العضلية الانقباضية في النسيج القلبي. لذا فإن خطر الإصابة بالسكتة القلبية يعتبر كبيراً في الفترة اللاحقة لاحتشاء عضل القلب.

نقص التروية القلبية
يعتبر نقص التروية القلبية الحاد أي احتشاء عضل القلب (الجلطة القلبية) أحد أهم الأسباب المؤدية للرجفان القلبي، وذلك يعود إلى حساسية نظام نقل الشارة المنظمة عبر خلايا القلب. تعتبر عملية نقل الشارة المنظمة - كما هو الحال في الأعصاب - من العمليات الشرهة للطاقة، وأي نقص حاد في  - ولو لفترة وجيزة - يمكن أن يؤدي إلى خلل في عملية نقل الشارة المنظمة، وبالتالي إلى انهيار سريع لانتظام خلايا القلب، مؤدياً للرجفان البطيني. يحدث ذلك في وقت قد تكون خلايا عضلة القلب ما زالت على قيد الحياة، فالرجفان البطيني ينشأ من الخلايا الحية بسبب اعتلال وظيفي قبل أن تنفق الخلايا. كما يمكن أن ينشأ الخلل بعد حدوث الجلطة ونشأة الندبة في جدار القلب، وذلك بسبب دوران الشارة الناقلة حول الندبة التي تنشأ من نفوق خلايا العضلة القلبية كما هو موضح بالصورة.

نقص بوتاسيوم الدم

في حالات اختلالات تركيز الكهارل في الدم فإن عملية نقل الشارة الناقلة يمكن أن تختل بشكل يؤدي إلى لانظميات خطرة. النقص الحاد للبوتاسيوم في الدم يمكن أن يؤدي إلى رجفان بطيني.

قصور القلب

يتعرض مرضى قصور القلب المتقدم (المراحل المتقدمة من المرض) بنسبة أكثر من غيرهم لاضطرابات النظم ومن بينها التسارعات البطينية والرجفان البطيني، مما يعني أنه في الحالات المتقدمة فإنه يُنصح - بجانب العلاجات الدوائية والجراحية لتقوية عضلة القلب - بمعالجة اضطرابات النظم، وأحيانا بغرس مزيل الرجفان المغروس لتجنب حالات السكتة القلبية.

مضاعفات دوائية
هناك عدد من الأدوية التي تتسبب في مضاعفات نظمية مثل الرجفان البطيني، ومن هذه الأدوية تلك التي تعمل على إطالة فترة QT كما هو مبين لاحقاً، وتشتهر هذه الأدوية ب . إلا أن هناك أدوية مثل الأدوية مضادة اضطراب النظم، والتي يمكن لها جميعاً أن تسبب في اضطرابات النظم، وهناك أدوية دعم الدورة الدموية مثل الأدرينالين والتي إذا ما أعطيت بنسب عالية تسبب في اضطرابات نظمية وقد تتسبب في الرجفان البطيني.

طول فترة QT

في حالات طول فترة QT في مركب QRS فإن حدوث رجفان بطيني يمكن أن يحدث فجأة، ويتميز الرجفان في حالة طول فترة QT بأنه يظهر على شكل موجات منتظمة متلوية حول خط الصفر، وتدعى تورساد دي بوانت . من أسباب طول فترة QT خلل وراثي في نقل الشارة الناقلة في خلايا عضلة القلب، أو كأحد الأعراض الجانبية الخطيرة لعدد من الأدوية. إعطاء مثل هذه الأدوية لمرضى طول فترة QT يتسبب بزيادة احتمالية تعرضهم للرجفان البطيني بشكل حاد.

المسارب الزائدة و«ظاهرة R على T»
في حالات وجود «مسارب زائدة» ما بين الأذين والبطين مثلما يحدث في متلازمة وولف باركينسون وايت  فإنه يمكن أن تنتقل شارات سريعة من الأذين في حالات الرجفان الأذيني أو لرفرفة الأذينية إلى البطين متسببة في رجفان بطيني، أو في الحالات التي يكون انتقال الشارة فيها في فترة إعادة الاستقطاب الحرجة T متسببة بحدوث رجفان بطيني فيما يعرف (بظاهرة R على T) . هذه الظاهرة يمكن لها أن تتسبب في الرجفان البطيني في الحالات التي يتم فيها استثارة خلايا العضلة القلبية في فترة إعادة الاستقطاب الحرجة بأي وسيلة كانت، كالاستثارة - بالخطأ - عن طريق جهاز مزيل الرجفان أو استثارة خاطئة لمنظم دقات القلب... الخ.

متلازمة بروجادا

هذه المتلازمة التي اكتشفت عام 1992 وسميت باسم الأخوين بروجادا  الذين اكتشفا المرض، وهو مرض وراثي نادر، يتسبب برجفان بطيني مفاجئ وبالتالي سكتة قلبية، وهو متوارث، ويمكن للسيرة المرضية العائلية أن تشير إلى تكرار حالات موت الفجأة في الأجيال السابقة.

أمراض عضلة القلب والصمامات
 تضيق الصمام الأبهري:
في الحالات المتقدمة لتضيق الصمام الأبهري فإنه قد يحدث الرجفان البطيني بشكل مفاجئ، وذلك لأن تضيق الصمام الأبهري يسبب جهداً زائداً لعضلة القلب، ويؤدي إلى تضخمها.

 تشوهات خلقية في بناء عضلة القلب والتي تؤدي إلى انتقال غير طبيعي للشارة الناقلة، مما يسبب لانظميات مثل الرجفان البطيني.
 الداء القلبي الخلقي مثل عدد من أمراض قصور القلب يؤدي إلى لانظميات.
 التهاب عضلة القلب.
 انصباب تاموري.

وغيرها من حالات أمراض القلب التي يمكن أن تؤدي إلى اضطرابات نظمية أخطرها دائماً الرجفان البطيني.

العلاج

الإنعاش

الرجفان البطيني ينجم عنه توقف عمل القلب (سكتة قلبية) وبالتالي الوفاة خلال دقائق إذا لم تتم المباشرة في الإنعاش القلبي الرئوي وطلب المساعدة (الإسعاف أو الطوارئ). هدف عملية الإنعاش هو إنقاذ حياة المريض، وينقسم الإنعاش إلى إنعاش ابتدائي، أو مايعرف بالإسعاف الأولي، والإنعاش المتقدم والذي يقوم به الفريق الطبي.

إنهاء الرجفان البطيني يتم باستخدام مايعرف بجهاز مزيل الرجفان. وظيفة هذا الجهاز تتمثل في توجيه صدمة كهربائية بتيار مستمر لمدة قصيرة لا تتعدى أجزاء الثانية. تعمل هذه الصدمة على استثارة جميع خلايا عضلة القلب (ما يعرف بإزالة الاستقطاب) في نفس اللحظة، الأمر الذي يُؤدي إلى دخول جميع خلايا القلب في دور الحران في نفس اللحظة، وتأتي فترة صمت قلبي لهنيهات، يتلوها عند نجاح العملية نظمٌ جيبيٌ في أحسن الأحوال. نجاح عملية «إزالة الرجفان» تتأثر بالفترة الزمنية التي مضت حتى تنفيذ أول صدمة كهربائية، وتنقص فرص النجاح في إزالة الرجفان بمضي الدقائق بنسبة 5-10% مع كل دقيقة تمر!

مزيل الرجفان المغروس

بعد النجاة من الرجفان البطيني فإن المرضى الذين عانوا من الرجفان البطيني لأسباب غير رجعية يجب حمايتهم من تكرار الرجفان البطيني عن طريق غرس جهاز مزيل الرجفان المغروس . هذا الجهاز شبيه بناظم الخطى، ويقوم بمراقبة مخطط القلب الكهربائي وتحليله، يقوم الجهاز بتوجيه صدمة كهربية للقلب عن طريق أقطاب مغروسة حول القلب منهياً بذلك الرجفان البطيني.

دواعي الاستعمال لمزيل الرجفان المغروس
لتحديد الحالات التي يُنصح بها بغراسة مزيل الرجفان تتبع تواصي جمعية القلب الأمريكية والتي تنصح بغراسة مزيل الرجفان في الحالات التالية:
 حدوث رجفان بطيني لايمكن ربطه بسبب رجعي أو سبب مؤقت.
 إذا مضى على احتشاء عضلة القلب أو على إجراء مجازة أبهرية تاجية أكثر من شهر، واستمر قصور القلب (كسر قذفي أقل من 30%)
 حالات الإغماء غير معروفة السبب في مرضى القلب المتقدم، إذا لم يتم بعد التحريات الطبية اكتشاف وتحديد سبب للإغماء.
 حالات الإغماء غير المبررة بوجود سوابق عائلية «لموت الفجأة» ، بخاصة في حالات متلازمة بروجادا والحالات الموروثة للانظميات.

الأسباب الرجعية والعلاجات الدوائية المساندة
في حالات الرجفان البطيني الرجعية مثل نقص التروية القلبية أو اختلالات الصمامات، أو نقص بوتاسيوم الدم... الخ، فإن علاج هذه الحالات يتم بإزالة السبب الرجعي للاضطراب النظم، كتحسين  أو تعديل نقص البوتاسيوم أو إيقاف الدواء المتسبب في تغير فترة QT.. الخ. في حالات الرجفان البطيني المتكررة يمكن إعطاء أدوية مضادة لاضطرابات النظم  وهي تلك العقارات والأدوية التي تعمل على تثبيت نظم القلب من خلال التدخل المباشر في عملية انتقال الشارة الناقلة في خلايا عضلة القلب (مثل أميودارون والأجمالين أو الليدوكائين). كما يمكن رفع مستوى البوتاسيوم في الدم إلى أعلى المستوى الطبيعي، ورفع مستوى المغنيسيوم في الدم، باعتبارهما من الكهارل المساعدة في زيادة استقرار النظم القلبي.

انظر أيضاً
 إنعاش قلبي رئوي.
 مزيل الرجفان.
 رجفان أذيني.
 سكتة قلبية.
 اضطراب النظم.
 مضاد اضطراب النظم.
 ارتجاج القلب
 متلازمة آدامز-ستوكس

الهامش

وصلات خارجية
 الرجفان البطيني عن جمعية القلب الأمريكية (بحسب عرض 17.02.2009).
 شرح وافي عن الرجفان القلبي عن صفحة WebMD (بحسب عرض 17.02.2009).

مراجع

أسباب الموت
اضطراب النظم القلبي
طوارئ طبية

رجفان بطيني


David Eli Ruffin (født Davis Eli Ruffin, 18. januar 1941, død 1. juni 1991) var en amerikansk soul-sanger og musiker, der mest var kendt som én af forsangerne i The Temptations (1964–68) i det, der senere blev kendt som gruppens "Classic Five"-periode. Han sang for i kendte sange som "My Girl" and "Ain't Too Proud to Beg".

Ruffin, der var kendt for sin ru og smertefulde tenorstemme, blev udnævnt til én af alle tiders 100 største sangere af Rolling Stone-bladet i 2008. Han blev optaget i Rock and Roll Hall of Fame i 1989 for sit arbejde med The Temptations.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Soulsangere
Sangere fra USA
Personer fra Mississippi

David Ruffin


Hella Nohl (geb. Richtberg; * 12. März 1939 in Gießen; † 31. Mai 2023) war eine deutsche bildende Künstlerin. Sie lebte und arbeitete in Gießen und Berlin.

Leben und Werk
Hella Nohl studierte Kunstpädagogik an der Akademie für Bildende Künste Mainz und Kunstgeschichte an der Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. Von 1965 bis 1995 ging sie einer Lehrtätigkeit nach, zuletzt an der Liebigschule Gießen. Ab 1986 intensivierte sie ihre eigene künstlerische Arbeit.
Hella Nohl lebte und arbeitete in Gießen und Berlin und wurde bekannt durch ihre künstlerische Arbeit mit Rotwein. Studienaufenthalte in Italien, die Begegnung mit seinen Weinlandschaften, brachten die Künstlerin zu ihrem Thema, dem "Wein", und führten dazu, dass sie schließlich den roten Wein selbst als Gestaltungsmittel einsetzte und Farbnuancen sowie Farbverhalten des Rotweines in einer neuen Weise untersuchte und präsentierte.

Daneben interessierte und faszinierte sie die graphische Qualität der Rebstöcke, und so entwickelte sie aus der zeichnerisch mehr und mehr abstrahierten Gestalt des Weinstockes und seiner Aneinanderreihung zu Rebenzeilen eine eigene Art von Schrift, die sie "Rebschrift" nannte. In Arbeitsreihen, Serien oder Werkgruppen behandelte die Künstlerin so auf die eine oder andere Weise das Thema Wein.

Ausstellungen
Arbeiten von Hella Nohl wurden in Einzel- und Gruppenausstellungen in Belgien, Deutschland, Italien, Niederlanden, Österreich, Polen, Spanien und Singapur gezeigt.

Kataloge und Dokumentationen (Auswahl)
 Hella Noh (= Gießener Kunstreihe, Heft 2), Kulturamt/Kulturhalle: Gießen 2016
 21. Jahresschrift für Künstlerbücher und Handpressendrucke, Edition Lebensretter (Hg), Leipzig 2012
 Katalog "Goethes >Farbenlehre< und die Lehren von den Farben und vom Färben", Städtische Museen Wetzlar, 2011
 Katalog "Die Kunst war in der Stadt - Hommage an eine Gründergeneration" Forum Konkrete Kunst Erfurt, 2009
 Katalog "Visions of Watercolours today - Aquarellvisionen heute" Kunstverein Villa Streccius Landau, 2009
 Katalog "Die Rationale II", Frauenmuseum Bonn, 2008
 17. Jahresschrift für Künstlerbücher und Handpressendrucke Edition Lebensretter (Hg), Leipzig 2008
 Katalog "MOTIVA" Austria Center Vienna, Wien 2007
 Katalog "internacional-constructivo-concreto-reductivo-inteligible" Ayuntamiento de Aranjuez, Espana, (Hg.), 2007
 Katalog "Farb-Töne" Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (Hg.), 2005
 Katalog Hella Nohl - "Rot-Wein-Reihen" Galerie Dietgard Wosimsky, Gießen (Hg.), 2005
 14. Jahresschrift für Künstlerbücher und Handpressendrucke Edition Lebensretter (Hg.), Leipzig, 2005
 Katalog "Die befreite Linie" märz galerien Mannheim/Ladenburg und Galerie Dietgard Wosimsky, Gießen (Hg.),2004
 Katalog "Geometrisch-Konkret VIII", Galerie Kunen, Dülmen u. Mondriaanhuis, Museum f. Konkrete Kunst, Amersfoort, 2004
 Katalog "Innovation", 10. Gmundner Symposion Wien/Klagenfurt, 2003
 Katalog "liebig: konkret" Galerie Dietgard Wosimsky (Hg.), Gießen 2003
 Katalog "Hessiale 2002, Landeskunstausstellung Hessen"
 Katalog Hella Nohl, "Bacchus-Zeichen" Galerie Dietgard Wosimsky (Hg.), Gießen 2002
 Katalog "Spektrum Kulturlandschaft", 2001 Landesverband der Galerien Hessen und Rheinlandpfalz
 Katalog Hella Nohl, "Dionysischer Tanz" Galerie Dietgard Wosimsky (Hg.), Gießen 2000
 Katalog Hella Nohl, "Weinstock-Variationen", Galerie Dietgard Wosimsky (Hg.), Gießen 1997

Dokumentationen
 Malen mit Rotwein, Hessenschau, HR3, 28. November 2008 (TV)
 Malen mit Wein, Deutsche Welle, 6. Februar 2010 (Rundfunk)

Weblinks

 Künstlerinneneintrag zu Hella Nohl

Einzelnachweise

Bildender Künstler (Deutschland)
Person (Gießen)
Deutscher
Geboren 1939
Gestorben 2023
Frau

Hella Nohl


An Eria lactiflora in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Leonid Vladimirovich Averyanov. An Eria lactiflora in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Vietnam. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eria

Eria lactiflora


Erçene, Kahramanmaraş ilinin Afşin ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Kahramanmaraş iline 138 km, Afşin ilçesine 4 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus
2014 yılı sayımına göre nüfusu 1058'dir.

Dış bağlantılar

Afşin'in mahalleleri

Erçene, Afşin


Johannes "Jos" Lelieveld (* 25. Juli 1955 in Den Haag) ist ein niederländischer Chemiker. Seit 2000 ist er Wissenschaftliches Mitglied der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft und Direktor der Abteilung Atmosphärenchemie am Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC) in Mainz. Lelieveld ist außerdem Professor an der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz und dem Cyprus Institute in Nicosia.

Biographie
Lelieveld studierte in den Niederlanden an der Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften der Universität Leiden.

Von 1984 bis 1987 arbeitete er im Umweltlabor Geosens B.V. Anschließend forschte er bis 1993 als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter in der Abteilung für Atmosphärenchemie des Max-Planck-Instituts für Chemie (MPIC) in Mainz. Währenddessen schloss er 1990 seine Promotion an der Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie an der Universität in Utrecht ab. Der Titel seiner Doktorarbeit, die von Nobelpreisträger Paul J. Crutzen als Doktorvater begleitet wurde, lautete "The role of clouds in tropospheric chemistry".

1991 verbrachte er einige Zeit am Meteorologischen Institut der Universität Stockholm sowie 1992 an der Scripps Institution of Oceanography der University of California, San Diego. 1993 kehrte er in die Niederlande zurück und nahm eine Professur für "Air Quality" an der Universität Wageningen an. Von 1996 an arbeitete er vier Jahre lang als Professor für "Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry" an der Universität Utrecht und übernahm von 1997 bis 1999 Aufgaben als Gründungsdirektor der internationalen Forschungsschule COACh (Cooperation on Oceanic, Atmospheric and Climate Change Studies). Schließlich kehrte er im Jahr 2000 als Direktor und Wissenschaftliches Mitglied an das Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie in Mainz zurück und leitet dort in der Nachfolge von Paul J. Crutzen die Abteilung Atmosphärenchemie.

Seit 2000 ist Jos Lelieveld Sprecher der Paul Crutzen Graduate School (PCGS) in Mainz und seit 2008 Professor in Teilzeit am Cyprus Institute, Nicosia. Zudem ist er (Ko-)Autor von mehr als 400 Veröffentlichungen, Mitherausgeber mehrerer wissenschaftlicher Zeitschriften sowie Mitglied internationaler Komitees. 2015 wurde er zum Mitglied der Leopoldina gewählt. 2016 erhielt er die Ehrendoktorwürde und Professur der Universität Kreta und wurde zum Mitglied der International Silk Road Academy of Sciences in China. 2018 wurde er zum Fellow der American Geophysical Union ernannt. Für 2019 wurde ihm die Vilhelm Bjerknes Medal der European Geosciences Union zugesprochen.

Forschung
Schwerpunkte der Forschungsarbeiten von Lelievelds Abteilung sind Photooxidationsmechanismen, die zentral für die Selbstreinigung der Atmosphäre sind. Mithilfe von eigens entwickelten hochsensiblen Instrumenten werden Spurengase einschließlich reaktiver Radikale gemessen, die in geringen Mengen in der Umgebungsluft vorkommen, und photochemische Reaktionsketten bestimmt. Laseroptische, massenspektrometrische und gaschromatografische Methoden dienen der Bestimmung wesentlicher Abbauprodukte von Kohlenwasserstoffen. Die Untersuchungen umfassen Labor- und Feldexperimenten an Bord von Flugzeugen und Schiffen sowie Satellitenmessungen. Mittels Computer-Modellen werden die Wechselwirkung von chemischen und meteorologischen Prozessen simuliert, und der Einfluss von Änderungen in der Atmosphärenzusammensetzung auf das Klima und die Gesundheit des Planeten im Anthropozän untersucht.

Unter anderem untersuchte er anhand von Computersimulationen, welche Folgen aus den Nuklearkatastrophen von Fukushima und Tschernobyl zu ziehen sind. Seine Arbeitsgruppe kam dabei zu dem Schluss, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit großer Unfälle sowie der Kontamination weiter Landstriche durch radioaktiven Niederschlag bisher unterschätzt wurde.

Sein h-Index beträgt 95 (Google Scholar, Stand Mai 2020).

Publikationen (Auswahl)

Literatur
 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft: Handbuch der Wissenschaftlichen Mitglieder, München 2006

Weblinks
 Homepage von Jos Lelieveld am MPI für Chemie
 Profil bei der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Video
 Video-Abstrakt zu Lelievelds Forschung über Luftverschmutzung

Einzelnachweise

Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Chemiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Utrecht)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Wageningen)
Wissenschaftliches Mitglied der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Mitglied der Leopoldina (21. Jahrhundert)
Ehrendoktor der Universität Kreta
Niederländer
Geboren 1955
Mann

Johannes Lelieveld


Darren Cahill () este un fost jucător profesionist de tenis și actual antrenor de tenis din Australia.
În plus, Cahill este analist de tenis al turneelor de Grand Slam pentru rețeaua de televiziune specializată pe sport ESPN și antrenor în cadrul Adidas Player Development Program și al ProTennisCoach.com.

Începând cu turneul american de la Indian Wells din 2015, Simona Halep este antrenată de Darren Cahill.

Cariera

Jucător
Cahill a devenit profesionist în 1984. El a câștigat primul său titlu în 1985,  în competiția de dublu a turneului în aer liber de la Melbourne. În 1987, el a câștigat primul său titlu individual la un turneu de top, la New Haven.

Cea mai bună performanță individuală a lui Cahill la un turneu de Grand Slam a avut loc la turneul US Open din 1988, atunci când l-a învins pe Boris Becker în runda a doua și a ajuns în semifinale, unde a pierdut în fața lui Mats Wilander, câștigătorul turneului.

În 1989, Cahill a ajuns în finala competiției de dublu masculin de la Australian Open, făcând echipă cu jucătorul australian Mark Kratzmann. Tot împreună cu Kratzmann, Cahill a câștigat turneul ATP din Cincinnati.

Cahill a fost membru al echipei Australiei care a ajuns în 1990 în finala Cupei Davis. Australia a pierdut cu 3-2 în finala cu Statele Unite ale Americii. Cahill a realizat un scor de 6-4 în cariera sa din cadrul Cupei Davis (4-0 în meciurile de dublu și 2-4 în meciurile de simplu).

Cahill a câștigat ultimul titlu individual în 1991, la San Francisco. Ultimul său titlu de dublu a fost obținut în 1994, la Sydney.

În 1989, Cahill a ajuns la vârful carierei sale, clasându-se pe locul 10 în clasamentul jucătorilor din proba de dublu și pe locul 22 în clasamentul jucătorilor din proba de simplu. După ce a suferit leziuni cronice la genunchi și zece operații, s-a retras din turneele profesioniste în 1995.

Antrenor
După ce și-a încheiat cariera de jucător, Cahill a devenit un antrenor de tenis de succes și l-a ajutat pe Lleyton Hewitt să devină cel mai tânăr jucător de tenis clasat vreodată pe locul 1 mondial. După Hewitt, Cahill l-a antrenat pe Andre Agassi, care a devenit, cu ajutorul lui Cahill, cel mai în vârstă jucător de tenis care s-a clasat pe locul 1 mondial în mai 2003. Cahill s-a alăturat Adidas Player Development Program, după ce Agassi s-a retras în 2006 și a lucrat cu jucători de înalt nivel precum Andy Murray, Ana Ivanovic, Fernando Verdasco, Daniela Hantuchová, Sorana Cârstea și Simona Halep. El este, de asemenea, un descoperitor de talente în cadrul programului Adidas și lucrează cu juniori promițători din întreaga lume.

Pe lângă antrenarea jucătorilor individuali, Cahill a fost antrenorul echipei australiene de Cupa Davis din 2007 până în februarie 2009. Împreună cu Roger Rasheed, Brad Gilbert și Paul Annacone, Cahill este antrenor la ProTennisCoach.com, un site de antrenament profesionist cu acces liber. Cahill colaborează, de asemenea, cu PlaySight Interactiv, o companie de tehnologie sportivă aflată în spatele SmartCourt. Împreună cu Paul Annacone, el conduce echipa de antrenament și de dezvoltare a jucătorilor din cadrul companiei PlaySight, ajutând compania să-și aducă tehnologia mai aproape de jucătorii și antrenorii de tenis din întreaga lume.

Mass-Media
Începând din 2007, Cahill este analist de tenis pentru rețeaua globală de televiziune ESPN pentru cele patru turnee de tenis de Grand Slam: Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon și US Open. De asemenea, el colaborează cu rețeaua australiană de televiziune Canal 7 la Cupa Hopman și la Australian Open.

Viața personală
Darren este fiul jucătorului de fotbal australian și al antrenorului John Cahill. Porecla lui este Killer.

El a fost bursier al Australian Institute of Sport și este acum membru al Adidas Player Development Program.

Finale de Grand Slam

Dublu mixt: 1 (0-1)

Finale

Simplu 4 (3-1)

Dublu: 20 (13-7)

Referințe

Legături externe
  Darren Cahill la Association of Tennis Professionals

Nașteri în 1965
Jucători de tenis australieni
Antrenori de tenis australieni
Australieni în viață
Nașteri pe 2 octombrie

Darren Cahill


Manuel Felipe María Falcó y Osorio (Namur, 30 de septiembre de 1856-Madrid, 8 de mayo de 1927),  duque de Fernán Núñez y grande de España, más conocido por el título nobiliario de marqués de la Mina que utilizó en vida de su madre, fue un aristócrata y político español.

Vida y familia
Nacido el 30 de septiembre de 1856 en el castillo de Dave (Namur, Bélgica), era hijo primogénito de Manuel Falcó d'Adda, marqués de Almonacid de los Oteros y de María del Pilar Osorio y Gutiérrez de los Ríos, III duquesa de Fernán Núñez. Ostentó como heredero el título de VII marqués de la Mina.

Su padre había servido como embajador en Francia y era caballero de la Orden del Toisón de Oro. Era hijo del X marqués de Castel-Rodrigo y de Carolina d'Adda y Khevenhüller, dama de importante nobleza italoaustriaca, y había contraído matrimonio con la rica heredera del ducado de Fernán Núñez.

Fue elegido diputado de las Cortes de la Restauración por el distrito de Cáceres en las elecciones de 1881. En las de 1884 lo sería por el distrito de Navalmoral de la Mata (también en la provincia de Cáceres). Volvería a ser elegido por Cáceres en los comicios de 1886 y 1893.

Falcó Osorio fue designado senador por derecho propio desde 1896 y contrajo matrimonio ese año con Silvia Álvarez de Toledo y Gutiérrez de la Concha, III duquesa de Bivona, III condesa de Xiquena.

También gentilhombre grande de España con ejercicio y servidumbre, y cercano al círculo palatino de la regente, se le nombró en 1903 caballerizo mayor del rey.

En 1906, accedió al puesto de mayordomo mayor, si bien la Jefatura Superior de Palacio la mantuvo el  duque de Sotomayor. Tan sólo un año después solicitó ser licenciado de su puesto.

No heredó los títulos maternos hasta el fallecimiento de María del Pilar Osorio en 1921. Fue el IX conde de Cervellón.

Falleció en Madrid el 8 de mayo de 1927.

Referencias

Bibliografía

 Archivo General de Palacio (AGP) . Patrimonio Nacional. Sección Personal

Enlaces externos

Personas de Namur
Diputados por Cáceres de las Cortes de la Restauración
Diputados por Navalmoral de la Mata de las Cortes de la Restauración
Senadores de España de la Restauración por derecho propio
Grandeza de España
Caballeros de la Orden del Toisón de Oro (Rama española)
Nobles de España del siglo XIX
Nobles de España del siglo XX
Caballerizos mayores del rey
Fallecidos en Madrid

Manuel Falcó y Osorio