Hidalgo is a 2004 epic biographical western film based on the legend of the American distance rider Frank Hopkins and his mustang Hidalgo. It recounts Hopkins' racing his horse in Arabia in 1891 against Bedouins riding pure-blooded Arabian horses. The movie was written by John Fusco and directed by Joe Johnston. It stars Viggo Mortensen, Zuleikha Robinson, and Omar Sharif.

Hidalgo was released by Buena Vista Pictures on March 5, 2004. Upon release, the film received mixed reviews and it underperformed at the box office, grossing $108 million against a budget of $100 million.

Plot

In 1890, Frank T. Hopkins and his mustang, Hidalgo, are part of Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, advertised as "the world's greatest endurance horse and rider." A famous long-distance racer, cowboy, and dispatch rider for the United States government, Hopkins is plagued by guilt for having carried a message to the 7th Cavalry Regiment authorizing the Wounded Knee Massacre of Lakota Sioux. He translates a futile request from another performer, Chief Eagle Horn, for Bill to help his nation's mustangs that have been rounded up by the government to be eradicated.

Wealthy Sheikh Riyadh sends his attaché Aziz, accompanied by Rau Rasmussen, to challenge Hopkins and Hidalgo to enter the "Ocean of Fire": an annual 3,000-mile race across the Najd desert region for a $100,000 prize. The Sheikh is custodian of the al-Khamsa line, considered the greatest distance horses in the world, and traditionally the race has been restricted to pure-bred Arabian horses and Bedouin or Arab riders. Hopkins' fellow performers raise his entrance fee, and he encounters unscrupulous English horse breeder Lady Anne Davenport. He meets Sheikh Riyadh, an admirer of the Wild West, who has promised his daughter Jazira as the fifth wife to the prince riding the Sheikh's horse Al-Hattal, should he win.

The race begins, and Hopkins and Hidalgo face grueling conditions and contempt for an "infidel" riding an "impure" horse, and survive sabotage and a sandstorm. Determined to live her own life, Jazira advises Hopkins on surviving in the desert, but they are discovered together in his tent. The Sheikh prepares to have Hopkins gelded as punishment, but his outcast nephew Katib raids the camp, seeking control of the al-Khamsa line. The prince flees on Al-Hattal, but Aziz steals the Sheikh's family journal of horse breeding for Katib, who kidnaps Jazira and demands Al-Hattal as ransom.

Hopkins rescues Jazira, who recovers the journal. Journeying back to camp, Hopkins reveals that his mother was Lakota Sioux, deepening his guilt over his role at Wounded Knee. Jazira compares his relationship to his heritage with her desire to avoid wearing the veil, urging him not to "go through life hiding what God made you." Davenport bribes Hopkins to drop out of the race, but he declines her offer and her advances toward him. Unbeknownst to him, Davenport is in league with Katib; they plan to kill Hidalgo and steal Al-Hattal, allowing her mare to win the race and breed with the Sheikh's horse.

Enduring a swarm of locusts, Hopkins remembers Jazira's advice and he and Hidalgo resort to eating them. Although it is forbidden to help other riders, he saves his opponent Sakr from quicksand. Hopkins is ambushed by Katib and falls into a trap, severely injuring Hidalgo, and is rescued by Sakr. They fight off Katib's men, but Sakr is shot, and Hopkins kills Katib in one of his own traps. Hidalgo collapses, and Hopkins considers shooting him in mercy, but a vision of Lakota elders and his mother appears to him as he chants a prayer to Wakan Tanka.

The prince arrives and taunts Hopkins that the end of the race is in sight, and Hidalgo suddenly struggles upright. Riding bareback, Hopkins comes from behind to surpass Davenport's mare and the prince, winning the race. He befriends the Sheikh, giving him his revolver, and bids farewell to an unveiled Jazira, who calls him by his Lakota name, Blue Child. Returning to the United States, Frank uses his winnings to buy the mustangs from the government, releasing them into the wild and freeing Hidalgo to join them. An epilogue reveals that Hopkins went on to reportedly win 400 long-distance races and was an outspoken supporter for wild mustangs until his death in 1951, while Hidalgo's descendants live free in the wilderness of Oklahoma.

Cast
 Viggo Mortensen as Frank Hopkins, a noted long-distance rider.
 Zuleikha Robinson as Jazira, determined daughter of the Sheikh.
 Omar Sharif as Sheikh Riyadh, an insightful leader. He owns and breeds Arabian horses of the Al Khamsa bloodline.
 Louise Lombard as Lady Anne Davenport, British aristocrat who bets her horse against Hopkins.
 Adam Alexi-Malle as Aziz, emissary and the Sheikh's attaché.
 Saïd Taghmaoui as Prince Bin Al Reeh, the Sheikh's chosen racer who wishes to marry Jazira by force.
 Silas Carson as Katib, Jazira's cousin and leader of a group of brigands.
 Harsh Nayyar as Yusef
 J.K. Simmons as William "Buffalo Bill" Cody
 Adoni Maropis as Sakr, a falconer and one of Hopkins' fellow racers.
 Victor Talmadge as Rau Rasmussen
 Peter Mensah as Jaffa, Jazira's personal guard.
 Joshua Wolf Coleman as The Kurd
 Franky Mwangi as Slave Boy
 Floyd Red Crow Westerman as Chief Eagle Horn, a member of Hopkins' Lakota nation, performing with him in the Wild West Show.
 Elizabeth Berridge as Annie Oakley
 C. Thomas Howell as Preston Webb
 Todd Kimsey as Corporal at Wounded Knee
 Malcolm McDowell as Major Davenport
 David Midthunder as Black Coyote

Production
Actor Viggo Mortensen, who is fluent in Spanish, voiced his own character (Frank Hopkins) in the Spanish dubs of the film.

Historical accuracy
The Native American historian Vine Deloria questioned Hopkins' claims of Lakota ancestry, as presented uncritically in the film.

But, Nakota filmmaker Angelique Midthunder said during the controversy that "the story of the half Indian who took his pinto mustang across the sea to race in the big desert has been told to children of the northern plains tribes for generations." Lakota elder Sonny Richards writes, "Kaiyuzeya Sunkanyanke (Frank Hopkins) was a South Dakota native and Lakota half-breed."

Based on Hopkins' account of his mixed-race ancestry, the movie production employed Lakota historians, medicine men, and tribal leaders as consultants to advise during every scene that represented their culture. Many of the Ghost Dancers who reenact the sacred ceremony of 1890 in Hidalgo had participated in the film Thunderheart (1992) and the mini-series Dreamkeeper, both written by Fusco. The screenwriter was adopted as an honorary relative of the Oglala Nation in a Hunkyapi ceremony (Making of Relatives) on September 3, 1989, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation.

Because the Disney Corporation marketed the movie as a true story, some historians criticized the film both because of the legendary status of Hopkins' claims and for the film's divergence from his accounts. They contend that many of the events, especially the featured race, never took place. Historians of distance riding said that most of Hopkins' claims as depicted in the film, including the race, have been 'tall tales' or hoaxes.

The film says that descendants of the horse Hidalgo, for which the movie was named, live among the Gilbert Jones herd of Spanish Mustangs on Blackjack Mountain in Oklahoma. By Hopkins' original account, he decided to leave his horse in Arabia after the race.

In 2006, John Fusco, the screenwriter of Hidalgo, responded to criticism about the historical basis of the film. He had done research on Hopkins for years. He said that he used parts of Hopkins' 1891 desert memoirs (unpublished during the rider's lifetime) and "heightened the 'Based On' story to create an entertaining theatrical film."  He held that the story of the man and his horse is true. Fusco offered quotes from surviving friends of Hopkins, notably former distance riders Walt and Edith Pyle, and Lt Col William Zimmerman, along with information found in horse history texts, as verification.

According to the Longriders Guild, the Saudi Arabian Government say officially that there has never been an "Ocean of Fire" race. Hopkins never named the event; he referred to it in his writings as an annual ceremonial ride in the region.  According to the Arab historian Dr. Awad al-Badi, such a lengthy race was impossible. He said,

There is no record or reference to Hopkins with or without his mustangs ever having set foot on Arabian soil. The idea of a historic long-distance Arab horse race is pure nonsense and flies against all reason. Such an event in Arabia any time in the past is impossible simply from a technical, logistical, cultural and geopolitical point of view. It has never been part of our rich traditions and equestrian heritage.

Horses
Several American Paint horses were used to portray Hidalgo. The actor Viggo Mortensen later bought RH Tecontender, one of the horses used in the film. The screenwriter John Fusco bought Oscar, the main stunt horse, and retired him at Red Road Farm, his American Indian horse conservancy. Another one was bought by a ranch near Toponas, Colorado.

Reception

Critical response
The movie received mixed reviews from mainstream critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 46% with an average rating of 5.5/10, based on reviews from 164 critics. The critical consensus reads, "The scenery looks great, but this overstuffed horse story contains too much cheese". Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 54/100 based on reviews from 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on A+ to F scale.

Roger Ebert offered a positive review of the film (three out of four stars), saying it's "Bold, exuberant and swashbuckling," the kind of fun, rip-snorting adventure film Hollywood rarely makes anymore.  He added, "please ignore any tiresome scolds who complain that the movie is not really based on fact. Duh."

Box office
The film grossed approximately $18,829,435 on its opening weekend, peaking at #3 behind The Passion of the Christ and Starsky and Hutch in 3,065 theatres. It closed from theatres on July 22, 2004, with $67.3 million in North America, and $40.8 million internationally. The film made a worldwide total of $108.1 million.

Accolades

John Fusco won the Spur Award for Best Western Drama Script; although most of the plot of Hidalgo was not set in the American West, it featured an American cowboy figure.

See also
 List of films about horse racing

References

External links

 "Frank Hopkins", Official Website sponsored by John Fusco, has articles about the Hidalgo film, including Fusco's responses to criticism.
 John Fusco's Spanish Mustang Conservancy, Red Road Farm Official Website

2004 films
2004 biographical drama films
2004 drama films
2004 Western (genre) films
2000s action drama films
2004 action films
2000s adventure films
Action films based on actual events
American action adventure films
American adventure drama films
American biographical drama films
American horse racing films
Biographical films about people of the American Old West
Cultural depictions of Annie Oakley
Cultural depictions of Buffalo Bill
Drama films based on actual events
Films about horses
Films about kidnapping
Films directed by Joe Johnston
Films scored by James Newton Howard
Films set in 1891
Films set in South Dakota
Films set in deserts
Films set in the Arabian Peninsula
Films with screenplays by John Fusco
Sports films based on actual events
Touchstone Pictures films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films

Hidalgo (film)


La Liga Deportiva Estudiantil de Latacunga es un equipo de fútbol profesional de Latacunga, Cotopaxi, Ecuador. Fue fundado el 27 de septiembre de 1961. Se desempeña en la Segunda Categoría del Campeonato Ecuatoriano de Fútbol.

Está afiliado a la Asociación de Fútbol No Amateur de Cotopaxi.

Referencias

Equipos de Segunda Categoría Ecuatoriana

Liga Deportiva Estudiantil (Latacunga)


Völudalafífill (fræðiheiti: Geum rossii) er jurt af rósaætt frá Norður-Ameríku, nyrst eða á háfjöllum þar.

Tilvísanir

Dalafíflar

Völudalafífill


Chlorophyceae, razred zelenih algi. Podijeljen je na 6 imenovanih redova, plus incertae sedis i  3 681 vrsta.

Redovi
 Chaetopeltidales C.J.O'Kelly, Shin Watanabe, & G.L.Floyd   15
 Chaetophorales Wille 218
 Chlamydomonadales F.E.Fritsch, ili Volvocales Oltmanns, 1904 1 753
 Chlorophyceae incertae sedis 55
 Oedogoniales Heering   734
 Palaeosiphonocladales 1
 Sphaeropleales  Luerssen 912

Izvori

Chlorophytina
Biljni razredi

Chlorophyceae


Else Faber (født 6. oktober 1900 i København, død 28. december 1988 i København) var en dansk forfatter og oversætter. Under pseudonymet Cecil Burton skrev hun manuskriptet til kriminalføljetonen Siva-skriget (1956), der blev sendt på Danmarks Radio i seks afsnit. Som oversætter oversatte og bearbejdede hun bl.a. den engelske forfatter Francis Durbridges kriminalføljetoner Gregory-mysteriet og Van Dyke-mysteriet for Danmarks Radio.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dansksprogede forfattere fra Danmark
Oversættere fra Danmark

Else Faber


Tankred Hautevilleski (engleski Tancred of Hauteville, francuski Tancrède de Hauteville) (oko 1075. – 12. prosinca 1112., Antiohija, današnja Turska), čitaj: Tankred Otvilski, knez Galileje, regent Antiohije i Edese, jedan od vođa I. križarskog rata.

Životopis

Tankred je bio normanski vojvoda iz južne Italije koji je krenuo u Prvi križarski rat sa svojim ujakom Bohemundom, (koji je poslije postao prvim knezom Antiohije). Prvo se istaknuo u Ciliciji, gdje je zauzeo Tarz od Turaka Seldžuka i došao u sukob s drugim istaknutim križarom, Baldvinom iz Boulogne. Odigrao je istaknutu ulogu u većini velikih bitaka križarskog rata, a nakon osvajanja Jeruzalema (1099.) dobio je titulu kneza Galileje. Služio je kao regent kneževine Antiohije za Bohemunda, dok je bio zatvoren od Turaka Seldžuka (1101. – 1103.), a potom trajno nakon što se Bohemund vratio u Europu 1104. godine. Kao regent Antiohije, a također i Edese od 1104. do 1108., Tankred je postao glavni latinski velikaš sjeverne Sirije. Stalno je ratovao s Turcima i Bizantincima sve do svoje smrti. Naslijedio ga je nećak Roger. Portret Tankreda kakav je prikazao Torquato Tasso u talijanskom baroknom epu Oslobođeni Jeruzalem  (La Gerusalemme liberata, 1581.) uvelike je imaginaran.

Izvori

Hauteville
Križari

Tankred Hautevilleski


Svijet

Filmovi
 Za šaku dinamita

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Hrvatska i u Hrvata

Filmovi

Događaji

Osnivanja

Nagrade i priznanja

Rođenja

Smrti

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Film u 1971.


Müslüm Gürses şarkılarıyla dolu 35mm'lik film "baskı altındaki dul bir kadın ve bir çocuğun öyküsünü anlatmaktadır."

Oyuncular
 Müslüm Gürses
 Filiz Ersürer
 Leyla Önder
 Meral Boduroğlu
 Kazım Kartal
 Sümer Tilmaç
 Tuna Tümer

Teknik Ekip

Yapımcı
 Mahmut Hekimoğlu

Görüntü Yönetmeni
 Aytekin Çakmaklı

Yapım
 Ömür Film

Dış bağlantılar
 Kültür Bakanlığı
 4x10.com sayfası

1985 çıkışlı Türk filmleri
Yılmaz Atadeniz'in yönettiği filmler
Ömür Film filmleri
1980'lerde Türkçe filmler

Güldür Yüzümü (film)


Standesamt Kolmar was a civil registration district (Standesamt) located in Kreis Kolmar, province of Posen of the German Empire (1871–1918) and administered the communities of:

Kol (S) = Kolmar (town); Kol (L) = Kolmar (rural area); Usc = Usch
Population data may be inaccurate (see German census of 1895).

The area around Kolmar was hilly and forested, sometimes called the "Switzerland of Posen".  Three lakes surround the town.  The Standesamt region also included the area north of the hills, encompassing the Netze river farming communities.  This area probably contains the greatest elevation difference of the entire province, from about 200 meters above sea level to about 40 meters.

The area was a major crossroads for both vehicle and rail.  The railroad from Posen to Schneidemühl passed through Kolmer north/south and a line branched off to the east along the river bluff and then dipped south to Margonin, then back east to Gollantsh and points east.  Major roads followed the same routes, except the east road continued along the bluff to Samotschin, and it had a western route, towards Czarnikau.

Like many other Posen communities, weaving was a major cottage industry until tariffs and industrialization made it unprofitable.  A substantial ceramics (especially majolica) factory operated northwest of Kolmar for many years.

External links
Rattai
Majolica artist Gerda Conitz was born in Studsin, 1901

Civil registration offices in the Province of Posen

Standesamt Kolmar


Sortbuget træand () er en træand, der lever i Mellem- og Sydamerika.

Noter
 Avibase - the world bird database

Eksterne henvisninger

Bolivias fugle
Brasiliens fugle
Colombias fugle
Guyanas fugle
Mellemamerikas fugle
Paraguays fugle
Venezuelas fugle
Træænder

Sortbuget træand


الزواقين قرية مغربية من قرى قبيلة بني مسارة، الواقعة شرق مدينة وزان المغربية. تبعد الزواقين عن مدينة وزان 25 كيلو متراً، وعن مدينة فاس 122 كيلو متر. وتنقسم إلى ثلاثة أحياء هي: أولاد بن سليمان وأولاد عبد الله واحساسن.

سكانها
معظم سكان الزواقين  من الكنونيين الذين استقروا بهذه المنطقة منذ نهاية الدولة الإدريسية بحسب ما ورد في «المسالك والممالك» للبكري. وتشتهر القرية بعين مائية كان يضرب بها المثل في قوتها وجودتها.

وتضم القرية مدرسة ابتدائية تعود إلى عهد الحماية. ومؤسسة للتعليم الإعدادي تأسست مطلع القرن الـ 21. وتعقد بها سوق أسبوعية كل يوم أربعاء.

ومن أشهر بيوتات هذه القرية وأسرها أسرة الهاشمي والعافي وشيخي ولطفي وحلمي والعمراوي والبوهالي والحضري  والكرادي والصدور والفضلي والحاجي

أبرز الشخصيات العلمية والأدبية
انجبت هذه القرية العديد من العلماء والفقهاء من بينهم:

 الطيب لطفي الزواقي المتوفى سنة 1939، وابنه الفقيه  سي محمد لطفي المتوفى سنة 1966
 الطيب البوهالي الزواقي المتوفى سنة 1988.
 أحمد بن محمد الكرادي المتوفى سنة 1954.
 العربي الهاشمي المتوفى سنة 1959.
 المدني بن طاهر.
 المدني بن قاسم المتوفى سنة 1964.
 عبد الله بن عبد السلام شيخي المتوفى سنة 1966.
 عبد القادر بن محمد بن قاسم الصدور المتوفى سنة 1971.
 الشريف بن أحمد الكرادي
 محمد بن سي بلحاج المتوفي 1938.
 جلول بن عبد السلام شيخي المتوفى سنة 1961
 محمد بن عبد الله العافي. و
 أحمد بن الطاهر الزواقي التطاوني المتوفى سنة 1952.
 محمد بن المدني كنون
 عبد الله كنون المتوفى سنة 1989
 محمد الخمار الكنوني المتوفى سنة 1991.

قرى المغرب
إقليم وزان

الزواقين


Brewer Township ist der Name folgender Townships in den Vereinigten Staaten:

* Brewer Township (Arkansas County, Arkansas)
 Brewer Township (Howard County, Arkansas)
 Brewer Township (Pike County, Arkansas)
 Brewer Township (Oklahoma)

Brewer Township


مقاطعة سمورة أو صامورة (بالإسبانية: Zamora، ثامـورا) هي مقاطعة إسبانية تقع في شمال غرب الدولة، تقع ضمن حدود منطقة قشتالة وليون.

عاصمتها هي مدينة سمورة، تنقسم المقاطعة إلى 248 بلدية.

الجغرافيا
تقع مقاطعة سمورة في شمال غرب إسبانيا تحدها من الشمال مقاطعة ليون، ومن الجنوب مقاطعة شلمنقة، ومن الشرق مقاطعة بلد الوليد، ومن الغرب مقاطعة أورينسي والبرتغال.

تبلغ مساحة مقاطعة سمورة 10.561 كم².

الديموغرافيا
يبلغ عدد سكان مقاطعة سمورة 193.383 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

فيما يلي قائمة أكبر البلديات من حيث عدد السكان (بتاريخ 1 يناير 2011):
 سمورة 65.525 نسمة
 بينافينتي 19.187 نسمة
 تورو 9.649 نسمة
 موراليس ديل فينو 2.785 نسمة
 فوينتيساوكو 1.909 نسمة
 فيارالبو 1.884 نسمة
 موراليخا ديل فينو 1.631 نسمة
 فيالباندو 1.630 نسمة
 بويبلا دي سانابريا 1.573 نسمة
 سان كريستوبال دي إنتريفينياس 1.556 نسمة

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لمقاطعة سمورة
  الموقع الرسمي لإدارة السياحة في مقاطعة سمورة

سمورة (مقاطعة)

سمورة (مقاطعة)


Parsondas est un roi des cadusii qui, selon Ctésias, est un mède d'origine perse.

Histoire
Ernst Herzfeld croyait que le nom de Parsondes est étymologiquement identique au nom d'Afrassiab. Selon François Lenormant, Parsondes est l'un des noms de Ninos, ou Héraclès, qu'il identifie au soleil. Algernon Herbert a affirmé que Parsond, la forme dorienne du nom de Persée.

Notes et références

Cadusii

Parsondas


The Mariel boatlift () was a mass emigration of Cubans who traveled from Cuba's Mariel Harbor to the United States between April 15 and October 31, 1980. The term "" (plural "Marielitos") is used to refer to these refugees in both Spanish and English. While the exodus was triggered by a sharp downturn in the Cuban economy, it followed on the heels of generations of Cubans who had immigrated to the United States in the preceding decades.

After 10,000 Cubans tried to gain asylum by taking refuge on the grounds of the Peruvian embassy, the Cuban government announced that anyone who wanted to leave could do so. The ensuing mass migration was organized by Cuban Americans, with the agreement of Cuban President Fidel Castro. The arrival of the refugees in the United States created political problems for U.S. President Jimmy Carter. The Carter administration struggled to develop a consistent response to the immigrants.

The Mariel boatlift was ended by mutual agreement between the two governments in late October 1980. By then, as many as 125,266 Cubans had reached Florida.

Background

Cuba–United States relations

In the late 1970s, U.S. President Jimmy Carter sought to improve relations with Cuba. He lifted all restrictions on travel to Cuba, and in September 1977, both countries established an Interests Section in each other's capital. However, relations were still strained because Cuba supported the Soviet Union's military interventions in Africa and the Middle East with their own. The two countries struggled to reach agreement on a relaxation of the US embargo on trade to permit the export of a select list of medicines to Cuba without provoking Carter's political opponents in the US Congress.

Ten members of Congress visited Cuba in December 1978, and the Cuban government later released the US manager of a business in Cuba who had been prevented from leaving in 1963, accused of being a CIA agent, and sentenced to 50 years in prison. A group of 55 people whose parents brought them from Cuba returned for three weeks in December 1978 in a rare instance of Cuba allowing the return of Cuban-born émigrés. In December 1978, both countries agreed upon their maritime border, and the next month, they were working on an agreement to improve their communications in the Straits of Florida. The US responded to Cuban relaxation of restrictions on emigration by allowing Cuban-Americans to send up to $500 to an emigrating relative (equal to $2,400 in 2023).

In November 1978, Castro's government met in Havana with a group of Cubans living in exile, agreed to grant an amnesty to 3,600 political prisoners, and announced that they would be freed in the course of the next year and allowed to leave Cuba.

Caribbean Holidays began offering one-week trips to Cuba in January 1978 in co-operation with Cubatur, the official Cuban travel agency. By May 1979, tours were being organized for Americans to participate in the Cuban Festival of Arts (Carifesta) in July, with flights departing from Tampa, Mexico City, and Montreal.

Haitian immigration to the United States
Before 1980, many Haitian immigrants arrived on American shores by boat. They were not granted legal protection because they were considered economic migrants, rather than political refugees, despite claims made by many Haitians that they were being persecuted by the Duvalier regime. U.S. Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford denied claims of asylum in the United States for Haitian migrants by boat. A backlash by the Congressional Black Caucus ensued, which claimed that the U.S. government was discriminating against Haitian immigrants.

Prelude

Rush to embassies in Cuba

Several attempts by Cubans to seek asylum at the embassies of South American countries set the stage for the events of the spring of 1980. On 21 March 1978, two young Cuban writers who had been punished for dissent and denied permission to emigrate, Reynaldo Colas Pineda and Esteban Luis Cárdenas Junquera, unsuccessfully sought asylum in the Argentine embassy in Havana and were sentenced to two years in prison. On May 13, 1979, 12 Cubans sought to take asylum in the Venezuelan embassy in Havana by crashing their bus through a fence to gain entry to the grounds and the building. In January 1980, groups of asylum seekers took refuge in the Peruvian and Venezuelan embassies, and Venezuela called its ambassador home for consultations to protest that they had been fired on by the Cuban police. In March, Peru recalled its ambassador, who had denied entry to a dozen Cubans who were seeking asylum in his embassy.

The embassy invasions then became a confrontation between the Cuban government and the Havana embassies. A group of Cubans attempted to enter the Peruvian embassy in the last week of March, and on April 1, a group of six driving a city bus was successful in doing so, and a Cuban guard was killed by a ricocheting bullet. The Peruvians announced that they would not hand those who were seeking asylum over to Cuban police. The embassy grounds contained two 2-story buildings and gardens covering an area the size of a US football field, or 6,400 square yards The Cuban government announced on 4 April that it was withdrawing its security forces, who were normally officers from the Interior Ministry armed with automatic weapons, from that embassy: "We cannot protect embassies that do not cooperate in their own protection." Following that announcement, about 50 Cubans entered the embassy grounds. By nightfall on April 5, that number had grown to 2,000, including many children and a few former political prisoners.

Approval to emigrate
Cuban officials announced through loudspeakers that anyone who had not entered the embassy grounds by force was free to emigrate if another country granted them entry. Peruvian President Francisco Morales had announced a willingness to accept asylum seekers. Diplomats from several countries met with the Peruvians to discuss the situation, including the crowd's requirements of food and shelter. An official of the US State Department stated on April 5 that the country would both grant asylum to bona fide political prisoners and handle other requests to immigrate by following standard procedures, which provided for the issuance of 400 immigrant visas per month to Cubans, with preference given to those with family members who were already in the United States.

By April 6, the crowd had reached 10,000, and as sanitary conditions on the embassy grounds deteriorated, Cuban authorities prevented further access. The Cuban government called those seeking asylum "bums, antisocial elements, delinquents, and trash." By April 8, 3,700 of the asylum-seekers had accepted safe-conduct passes to return to their homes, and the government began to provide shipments of food and water. Peru tried to organize an international relief program, and it won commitments first from Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela to help with resettlement, and then from Spain, which agreed to accept 500. By April 11, the Cuban government began to furnish asylum seekers with documents that guaranteed their right to emigrate, including permanent safe-conduct passes and passports. In the first two days, about 3,000 received those papers and left the grounds. On 14 April, US President Jimmy Carter announced the US would accept 3,500 refugees and that Costa Rica had agreed to provide a staging area for screening potential immigrants.

Emigration process and violence

The Cuban government organized acts of repudiation against those who wished to leave the island. Mobs would sometimes beat their targets, force them to walk around with accusatory signs on their necks, or trash their homes.

The Cuban government facilitated an emigration process that gave special privilege to those who were socially undesirable. People deemed homosexual would be allowed to leave the country. Those with gender non-conforming behavior were especially targeted by authorities for departure. Some of them were given the option between emigration and jail time, in order to encourage their departure from the island. Many Cubans would enter police stations and state that they engaged in homosexual behavior whether true or not, simply to be granted permission to leave the country.

Concerns of Haitian refugees
The Carter administration was negotiating the legal status of Haitian refugees as the Mariel boatlift began. As Cuban refugees began to arrive in the United States, a focus was put on the treatment of Haitian refugees, and Carter declared Haitian refugees and Cuban refugees would be accepted in the same manner. The United States would label all refugees that would come in during the Mariel boatlift as "Cuban-Haitian entrants," to be approved at the discretion of the Attorney General.

Exodus

Airlift from Cuba
At first, emigrants were permitted to leave Cuba via flights to Costa Rica, followed by eventual relocation to countries that would accept them. After news coverage of celebratory masses of Cubans emigrating by flight to Costa Rica, the Cuban government declared that emigrants had to leave by flying directly to their accepting country; 7,500 Cubans left the country by those initial flights.

Boatlift

Departure from Cuba and Haiti
Castro stated ultimately on 20 April that the port of Mariel would be opened to anyone wishing to leave Cuba if they had someone to pick them up. Soon after Castro's decree, many Cuban Americans began making arrangements to pick up refugees in the harbor. On April 21, the first boat from the harbor docked in Key West and held 48 refugees. By April 25 as many as 300 boats were picking up refugees in Mariel Harbor. Cuban officials also packed refugees into Cuban fishing vessels. Around 1,700 boats brought thousands of Cubans from Mariel to Florida between the months of April and October in that year.

Haitian refugees had been continuously coming to the United States before the Mariel boatlift and continued to do so with the flotilla.

United States and Cuba policy changes
After the arrival of thousands of refugees, Florida Governor Bob Graham declared a state of emergency in Monroe and Dade Counties on April 28. According to a US Coast Guard report, 15,761 refugees had arrived in Florida by early May. On May 6, Carter declared a state of emergency in the areas of Florida most "severely affected" by the exodus, and an open arms policy in which all refugees fleeing Cuba would receive temporary status. On June 20 the Cuban-Haitian Entrant Program was established, and Haitians would be given the same legal status as Cuban refugees in the United States during the Mariel boatlift. Around 25,000 Haitians would enter the United States during the boatlift.

In response, Carter then called for a blockade on the flotilla by the US Coast Guard. At least 1,400 boats would be seized, but many slipped by, and over 100,000 more Cuban and Haitian refugees continued to pour into Florida over the next five months. The Mariel Boatlift would end by agreement between the United States and Cuba in October 1980.

Arrival

Miami
Refugees were processed at camps set up in the greater Miami area, generally at decommissioned missile defense sites. Other sites were established at the Miami Orange Bowl and at various churches throughout the area. Some sites were established to segregate the refugees until they could be provided with initial processing at places such as the Nike–Hercules sites at Key Largo and Krome Avenue. Once they were initially processed and documented, the refugees were quickly transferred to larger compounds in the metropolitan area to allow them to be reunited with relatives who already lived in the United States and to allow interaction with various social-action agencies such as Catholic Charities and the American Red Cross. Regional resettlement facilities became crucial sites in the social and cultural negotiation of the status and desirability of Mariel Cubans.

As the Haitian refugees started arriving, interpreters were found to be in short supply for Haitian Creole, and interpreters from the local Haitian community were put under contract through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). As the end of the initial crisis period wound down and after the vetting of the refugees who could be sponsored had run its course, the decision was made to transfer the "hard to sponsor" refugees, which included those with criminal records, to longer-term processing sites at Fort Chaffee in Arkansas, Fort Indiantown Gap in Pennsylvania and Fort McCoy in Wisconsin.

McDuffie riot

During the Mariel boatlift the McDuffie riots were raging in the Liberty City and Overtown neighborhoods of Miami. It has been argued the riots were exacerbated by the diversion of social and policing resources from African-American communities to care for Mariel refugees, and the anger at the perceived privileges Cuban refugees held compared to African Americans and Haitian refugees.

Processing

Dispersal to refugee camps

Crowded conditions in South Florida immigration processing centers forced U.S. federal agencies to move many of the Marielitos to other centers in Fort Indiantown Gap; Fort McCoy; Camp Santiago, Puerto Rico; and Fort Chaffee. Federal civilian police agencies such as the General Services Administration's Federal Protective Service provided officers to maintain order inside the gates of the relocation centers. Riots occurred at the Fort Chaffee center and some detainees escaped, an event that became a campaign issue in the re-election defeat of Governor Bill Clinton.

Evolving legal status

Most refugees were ordinary Cubans. Many had been allowed to leave Cuba for reasons that in the United States were loyalty-neutral or protected, such as tens of thousands were Seventh-Day Adventists or Jehovah's Witnesses. Some had been declared "antisocialist" in Cuba by their CDRs. In the end, only 2.2 percent (or 2,746) of the refugees were classified as serious or violent criminals under US law and denied citizenship on that basis.

In 1984, the Mariel refugees from Cuba received permanent legal status under a revision to the Cuban Adjustment Act of 1966. Haitians were instead considered to be economic refugees, which made them unable to get the same residency status as Cubans and therefore subject to deportation. Two years later, under the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, all Cuban-Haitian entrants who had immigrated in 1980 were able to apply for permanent residency.

By 1987, several hundred Marielitos were still detained because they were inadmissible under immigration law. Local police departments had also arrested around seven thousand Marielitos for felonies committed in the United States. Those arrested there served their prison sentences, only to be detained by INS as candidates for deportation.

The United States-Cuba Migration Agreement of 1987 allowed for 3,000 former political prisoners to emigrate to the United States and allowed for the deportation of undesired Marielitos. After news of the agreement broke, many detained Marielitos in Oakdale and Atlanta prisons rioted and took hostages. The riots ended after an agreement was reached to stop deportations until all detainees were given a fair review of their deportation case. After 1987, the United States would continue to deport Marielitos who were deemed undesirable.

Later developments
By June 2016, 478 remained to be deported; according to the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, some are elderly or sick, and the Department had no desire to send these back to Cuba. Under a 2016 agreement with the Cuban government, the U.S. will deport the final remaining migrants deemed as serious criminals.

Aftermath

Task Force
An early response to address the aftermath of the Mariel Boatlift was the 1983 City of Miami's formation of the East Little Havana Task Force. Task Force members were appointed by the Miami City Commission, with urban planner and Cuban community leader Jesús Permuy named as its chair. It was tasked with studying the social and economic effects of the boatlift, particularly in Little Havana, which was an epicenter of the migration. The Task Force adjourned a year later and submitted its findings and official recommendations, called The East Little Havana Redevelopment Plan, to the Miami City Commission and Mayor's Office in 1984.

Effect on Miami crime
At the time, the Immigration and Naturalization Service identified 1,306 migrants as having "questionable" backgrounds. Scholars have found that many Mariel immigrants with criminal records were incarcerated for minor crimes that would not be considered crimes in the US, such as selling goods in the black market. Estimates assert that the Cuban refugees included 2,700 hardened criminals.

A 1985 Sun Sentinel magazine article claimed that out of the around 125,000 refugees that entered the United States, around 16,000 to 20,000 were estimated to be criminals. In a 1985 report around 350 to 400 Mariel Cubans were reported to inhabit Dade County jails on a typical day.

In a recent working paper, two economists Alexander Billy and Michael Packard have purportedly estimated the effects of the refugees on crime in Miami.

Effect on Miami labor market
About half of the Mariel immigrants decided to live in Miami permanently, which resulted in a 7 percent increase in workers in the Miami labor market and a 20 percent increase in the Cuban working population. Aside from the unemployment rate rising from 5.0 percent in April 1980 to 7.1 percent in July, the actual damage to the economy was marginal and followed trends across the United States at the time. When observing data from 1979 to 1985 on the Miami labor market and comparing it with similar data from several other major cities across the United States, focusing on wages, the effects of the boatlift were marginal. There have been several explanations offered for the findings by Card. According to economist Ethan Lewis, the Miami labor market had already seen an increase in "unskilled intensive manufactured goods," allowing it to offset the impact of the Cuban migrants. Miami also increased its diversity in manufacturing industries at a negligible rate compared to other US cities following the boat lift. According to data from the Annual Surveys of Manufacturers, Miami's Manufacturing industries regressed only .01 percentage points post-1980, which indicates a minimal impact from the boat lift on the labor market. Miami also experienced a limited increased in skilled laborers after the boat lift. According to data from Lewis, Miami experienced limited change in workers who were literate in computer use, factoring out to a .010 percentage change in skilled laborers than in Card's research.

The wages for White Americans remained steady in both Miami and comparable cities. The wage rates for African Americans were relatively steady from 1979 to 1985 when in comparable cities it dropped. Apart from a dip in 1983, wage rates for non-Cuban Hispanics were stable, while in comparable cities it fell approximately 6 percent. There is no evidence of a negative effect on wage rates for other groups of Hispanics in Miami. Wages for Cubans demonstrated a steady decline especially compared with other groups in Miami at the time. This can be attributed exclusively to the "dilution" of the group with the new, less-experienced, and lower-earning Mariel immigrants, meaning that there is also no evidence of a negative effect on wage rates for Cubans living in Miami prior to 1980.

The Refugee Education Assistance Act of 1980 provided $100 million in cash and medical and social services and authorized approximately $5 million per year to facilitate the refugees' transition to American life. The 1980 Census was also adjusted to include Mariel children to ensure that additional assistance would be available to them through the Miami-Dade County Public Schools via Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA).

2016 reappraisal
In 2016 Harvard economist George J. Borjas revisited David Card's analysis in light of new insights into immigration effects since 1990. He used the same current population survey (CPS) data. However, he focused only on workers who were
 non-Hispanic (as the best approximation to the native-born)
 aged 25–59 (prime working age)
 male
 high-school dropouts
The last characteristic was especially important since 60 percent of Marielitos did not complete high school. And even many of the remaining 40 percent who had completed high school were looking for unskilled jobs because of their lack of linguistic and other skills. Marielitos, therefore, competed directly with high-school dropouts.

Borjas next compared the inflation-adjusted wages of Miami residents who had those characteristics with wages of the same segment of the American population in all other American metropolitan areas except Miami. His analysis shows that the Miami wages for native-born men without high-school diplomas were much lower than the wages for similar workers in other US metropolitan areas during the 1980s and then again in the late 1990s, following the two spikes of Cubans migrating to Miami.

One of his conclusions was that during the 1980s, wages in Miami were a full 20 percent lower than they were elsewhere. In 2017, an analysis of Borjas' study on the effects of the boatlift concluded that Borjas' findings "may simply be spurious" and that his theory of the economic impact of the boatlift "doesn't fit the evidence." A number of other studies concluded the opposite of what Borjas' study had found.

Writing for the IZA Institute of Labor Economics, the two economists Michael Clemens and Jennifer Hunt have claimed that conflicting results could be explained by the changes in the subsample composition of the CPS data. In 1980, the share of non-Hispanic blacks doubled in the subgroup of Miami male prime working-age high-school dropouts studied by Borjas. No similar increases occurred in the subgroups of populations in the control cities identified by either Card or Borjas. Since there was a large and significant difference between wages of black and nonblack high-school dropouts, the changing composition of the CSP subgroups created a spurious decline in the wages of the native population. According to Clemens and Hunt, the compositional effect accounts for the entire impact of the Mariel boatlift on the wages of native workers estimated by Borjas.

Effect on political attitudes

Fidel Castro stated that those leaving in the Mariel boatlift were undesirable members of Cuban society. With Castro's condemnation and reports that prisoners and mental health patients were leaving in the exodus it was believed by some that Marielitos were undesirable deviants. Opponents of then U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the Democratic Party would hail the Mariel boatlift as a failure of his administration. Ronald Reagan would instead praise Marielitos in his ideological campaign against Cuba. The boatlift would also help spark policy demands for English-only government paperwork after Miami Dade County residents voted to remove Spanish as a second official language in November 1980. Former U.S. President Donald Trump's senior policy adviser Stephen Miller used the boatlift as evidence of the dangers of unchecked immigration.

Initially, many Americans disapproved of the boatlift. According to a June 1980 poll conducted by CBS and the New York Times,  71% of Americans disapproved of the boatlift and allowing Cuban nationals to settle in the United States.

In popular culture
The boatlift has been the subject of a number of works of art, media, and entertainment. Examples include:

 Against Wind and Tide: A Cuban Odyssey (1981), a PBS documentary film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature
  Scarface (1983), a dramatic film about a Marielito who becomes a drug lord
 The Perez Family, a novel by Christine Bell; a group of Marielitos who share the same last name pretend to be a family
 The Perez Family (1995), a film based on the novel
 Before Night Falls (1992; English translation 1993), the autobiography of Marielito Reinaldo Arenas
 Before Night Falls (2000), a film based on the book
 90 Miles (2001), an American documentary film and memoir, written and directed by Marielito Juan Carlos Zaldívar
 Finding Mañana: A Memoir of a Cuban Exodus (2005), a memoir by Mirta Ojito
 Voices from Mariel (2011), a documentary film that tells the story of ten families
 Voices from Mariel: Oral Histories of the 1980 Cuban Boatlift
 White Lies, Season 2 (2023)
The events at the Peruvian embassy are depicted in:
 Todos se van (Everyone's Leaving; 2006 in Spanish; 2013 in English), a novel by Wendy Guerra
 Cuerpos al borde de una isla; mi salida de Cuba por Mariel (2010), a memoir by Reinaldo García Ramos about his experiences during the Boatlift

Notable Marielitos
Notable Mariel boatlift refugees include:

 Carlos Alfonzo, a painter and sculptor
Reinaldo Arenas, poet and novelist
 Ignacio Berroa, jazz drummer
Elizabeth Caballero, opera singer
Hugo Cancio, businessman, CEO of Fuego Enterprises, publisher of the magazine OnCuba
Felix Delgado, rapper and songwriter known as Cuban Link
Olga María Rodríguez Farinas, widow of William Alexander Morgan, a leader of rebel forces in the Cuban Revolution
Luis Felipe, convicted murderer and founder of the New York branch of the Latin Kings gang
Bárbaro Garbey, baseball player and coach
Julio González, arsonist and mass-murderer
Francisco del Junco, serial killer
Rene Lavan, actor and soap opera star
Mailet Lopez, founder of I Had Cancer, a social networking site
Pedro Medina, executed for murder
 Jesus Mezquia, murderer of Mia Zapata
Mirta Ojito, writer and Pulitzer Prize winner
Ras Juan Perez, founder of the Cuban reggae band Arawak Jah
 Orlando "Puntilla" Ríos, folkloric percussionist and vocalist
 Felipe García Villamil, Palo Monte priest, drummer, and artist
 Manuel Machado Alvarez, murderer
Pedro Zamora, who appeared on the television show The Real World

See also

1980 diplomatic protection incident at the Peruvian Embassy, Havana
Camarioca boatlift and airlift
Atlanta Prison Riots
Cuba–United States relations
Garcia-Mir v. Meese (1986 Circuit Court decision)
Rex 84

References

Mariel Boatlift on globalsecurity.org.

External links
 Six-year study of Mariel refugees
 Fleeing Cuba for a Better Life in USA
 Voices from Mariel: Oral Histories of the 1980 Cuban Boatlift, UPF, February 2018

1980 in Cuba
1980 in Florida
1980 in the United States
Cuba–United States relations
Cuban emigrants
Cuban-American culture in Florida
Cuban-American history
Cuban refugees
Haitian-American history
History of immigration to the United States
History of Key West, Florida

Mariel boatlift


(Tony) Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones, 1. jarl af Snowdon GCVO, almindeligt kendt som Lord Snowdon (født 7. marts 1930 i London, død 13. januar 2017) i Kensington i London, var en britisk fotograf og filmproducent. Fra 1960 til 1978 var han gift med prinsesse Margaret, grevinde af Snowdon, der var den yngre søster til dronning Elizabeth 2. af Storbritannien.

Forældre
Lord Snowdon var søn af Anne Messel (1902–1992), senere kendt som Anne Parsons, grevinde af Rosse og advokat, major Ronald Armstrong-Jones MBE QC (1899–1966).

Lord Snowdon var sønnesøn af sir Robert Armstrong-Jones (født Robert Jones) CBE (1857–1943) og oldesøn af den walisisk præst Thomas Jones.

Familie

Ægteskaber
I 1960–1978 var Lord Snowdon gift med prinsesse Margaret, grevinde af Snowdon (1930–2002), og han var gift med Lucy Lindsay-Hogg i 1978–2000.

Børn
Lord Snowdon fik fem børn:
 Polly Fry (født 28. maj 1960), senere Polly Higson, mor til fire børn.
 David Armstrong-Jones, 2. jarl af Snowdon (født 1961).
 Charles Patrick Inigo Armstrong-Jones, viscount Linley (født 1999). Han er den nærmeste arving til titlen som den 3. jarl af Snowdon.
 lady Margarita Elizabeth Rose Alleyne Armstrong-Jones (født 2002).
 lady Sarah Chatto (født 1964).
 Samuel David Benedict Chatto (født 1996)
 Arthur Robert Nathaniel Chatto (født 1999). I 2010 blev Arthur udnævnt til page ved det britiske hof.
 lady Frances Armstrong-Jones (født 1979), senere lady Frances von Hofmannsthal, gift i 2006 med Rodolphe von Hofmannsthal (født 1979), Rodolphe er søn af Octavian Charles Hugo von Hofmannsthal (født 1946), sønnesøn af Raimund von Hofmannsthal (født 1906 i Østrig – død 1974 i London), oldesøn af den østrigske digter Hugo von Hofmannsthal (1874–1929), der tilhørte adelsslægten Hofmann, Edler von Hofmannsthal.
 Jasper William Oliver Cable-Alexander (født 1998)

Medlem af Overhuset
Antony Armstrong-Jones var medlem af Overhuset i 1961–2016.

Fra 6. oktober 1961 til 11. november 1999 sad han i Huset som Lord Snowdon (den 1. jarl af Snowdon), mens han fra 16. november 1999 til 31. marts 2016 sad som Lord Armstrong-Jones (baron Armstrong-Jones, af Nymans i grevskabet West Sussex).

Titler og arveret til tronen
 Hr. (Mr) Antony Armstrong-Jones (1930 – 1961).
 Den meget ærede jarlen af Snowdon, viscount Linley (1961–2017), kort form: Lord Snowdon.
 Den meget ærede jarlen af Snowdon, viscount Linley, baron Armstrong-Jones (1999–2017).

Børn og børnebørn af prinsesse Margaret og Antony Armstrong-Jones har arveret til den britiske trone. De har arveret efter Lukas Tindall (født 2021), der er datter af Zara Tindall (født 1981) og datterdatter af Princess Royal prinsesse Anne, fru Mark Phillips (født 1950). De har arveret forud for prins Richard, hertug af Gloucester (født 1944), der er gift med den dansk fødte Birgitte Eva Henriksen (født 1946 i Odense).

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Kongelige fra Storbritannien
Huset Windsor
Filmfolk fra Storbritannien
Fotografer fra England
Personer fra London
Briter i 1900-tallet
Briter i 2000-tallet

Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1. jarl af Snowdon


واجبات الحج هي ما يجب على الحاج فعله أثناء تأدية الحج، ومن تركها فعليه فدية، وحجّه صحيح.

الواجبات
 الإحرام من الميقات لقوله صلى الله عليه وسلم:«هن لهن، ولمن أتى عليهن ممن أراد الحج أوالعمرة».
 الوقوف بعرفة إلى الغروب لمن وقف بالنهار.
 المبيت بمزدلفة ليلة العيد لقوله تعالى:«لَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌ أَنْ تَبْتَغُوا فَضْلًا مِنْ رَبِّكُمْ فَإِذَا أَفَضْتُمْ مِنْ عَرَفَاتٍ فَاذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ وَاذْكُرُوهُ كَمَا هَدَاكُمْ وَإِنْ كُنتُمْ مِنْ قَبْلِهِ لَمِنْ الضَّالِّينَ».
 رمي الجمار ودليله أن النَّبِي صلى الله عليه وسلم أَرْدَفَ الْفَضْلَ، فَأَخْبَرَ الْفَضْلُ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَزَلْ يُلَبِّي حَتَّى رَمَى الْجَمْرَةَ.
 الحلق أو التقصير.
 المبيت بمِنى ليالي أيام التشريق. ذكر ذلك البهوتي في شرحه على المنتهى قال: «وواجبات الحج ثمانيه وذكر منها (وَ) الرَّابِعُ (الْمَبِيتُ بِمِنًى) لَيَالِي أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ لِفِعْلِهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَمْرِهِ بِهِ».
 طواف الوداع لقوله عليه السلام:«لا ينفرن أحد حتى يكون آخر عهده بالبيت».

حكم تركها

من ترك واجباً من هذه الواجبات فعليه دم (ذبح شاه) جزاء، لا يأكل منه، ولا يهدي، ولكن يتصدق.

تنبيه

من ترك الرمي أيام التشريق كلها عليه دم، ومن ترك المبيت بمنى أيام التشريق كلها عليه دم، ومن ترك بعضاً من ذلك فعليه أن يتصدق بما دون ذلك.

مصادر

الحج في الإسلام

واجبات الحج


Evciyenikışla, Çorum ilinin Merkez ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köy, 1944 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktadır.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 43 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Çorum merkez belde ve köyleri

Evciyenikışla, Çorum


El mono aullador ecuatoriano (Alouatta palliata aequatorialis) es una subespecie de mono aullador.

Distribución
Se extiende desde Panamá (o, posiblemente, el extremo oriental de Costa Rica) a través de Colombia y Ecuador hasta el norte de Perú. Los límites varían entre el mono aullador de Ecuador y el Alouatta palliata palliata que no están del todo claras. El mono aullador ecuatoriano reemplaza al Alouatta palliata palliata en los extremos del este de Costa Rica o el oeste de Panamá.

Descripción
Los monos aulladores de Ecuador difieren de los Alouatta palliata palliata sobre todo por ser más claros, con un color más amarillento.

Referencias

Alouatta palliata aequatorialis


Farklı kuruluşlardaki uygulamalar arasında yapısal veri değişimidir.İş dünyasında kullanılan kâğıt belge değişiminin yerine geçmektedir.Bu yönü sebebiyle Elektronik Ticaret'le de alakalıdır.EDI uygulamalarında veri, yapısal bir formatta transfer edilmektedir.Dünya çapında ticaretin kolaylaştırılması amacıyla kurulan BM 4.Çalışma Grubunun bir girişimi olan bu formata EDIFACT (İdari, Ticaret ve Nakliyata İlişkin Elektronik Veri Değişimi) adı verilir.Girişim ticari verilere elektronik yoldan ulaşmak için bir dünya standardına gereksinim duyulmuş ve on yıl evvel, uluslararası ticaretin etkinliğini artırmak için başlatılmıştır.Standartlaşma 1987 yılında başlamıştır. EDI organizasyonlar arası bilgi paylaşma ve değişim yeteneğine sahip olan bir iletişim paketi kullanılarak, bir bilgisayar ve diğeri arasında elektronik olarak bilgi değişiminin yapıldığı bir sistemdir.

Kullanıldığı Alanlar

 Ticaret alanında; endüstri, üretim, finans, bankacılık, sigortacılık.
 Ulaştırma alanında; karayolu, Demiryolu, havayolu, denizyolu, dağıtım, yer hizmetleri ve depolama.
 Kamu sektöründe; gümrük, uluslararası ve ulusal ticaret, istatistik.

Limanda EDI yoluyla sağlanan ek bilgi hizmetleri
 Gemi sahipleri/acenteleri için bilgi tedariki veya yükletenler için ilgili acentelerin kontak adresleri, detayları ile birlikte deniz taşıma servisleri hakkında bilgi sağlamak.
 Gümrük işlemleri ve formaliteleri hakkında bilgi tedariki. Limandaki sağlık vb. yüklerin çıkış ve varış yerleri ile aralarındaki taşıma maliyetleri, stevodoring firmaları, adresleri ve fiyatları hakkında bilgi.
 Liman kullanıcıları için kontakların tedariki. Örneğin; limanın bulunduğu ülkedeki yük trafiği.

Elektronik veri değişimi


DIN 315 er en DIN-standard for en vingemøtrik.

Kilde
http://bolte.dk/vingemoetrikker-din-315/
DIN-standarder

DIN 315


مملكة الجبل الأسود أو مملكة مونتينيغرو هي مملكة تقع في غرب البلقان ، أعلن عن قيامها نيكولاس الأول الذي أصبح أول ملوكها توسعت رقعة المملكة إبان حروب البلقان ضد الدولة العثمانية ، إلا انه بسبب دخول المملكة الحرب الحرب العالمية الأولى بجانب الحلفاء قد تسبب في أحتلالها من قبل الإمبراطورية النمساوية المجرية ، بعد الحرب العالمية الأولى انضمت المملكة إلى باقي الدول السلافية لتشكل ماعرف لاحقاً بمملكة يوغسلافيا.

مصادر إضافية

مراجع

انظر أيضا
 انتفاضة عيد الميلاد

أنظمة ملكية سابقة
أنظمة ملكية سابقة في أوروبا
انحلالات سنة 1916 في أوروبا
انحلالات سنة 1918 في أوروبا
انحلالات سنة 1922 في أوروبا
تأسيسات سنة 1910 في أوروبا
تأسيسات عقد 1910 في الجبل الأسود
دول سابقة في البلقان
دول سلافية سابقة
دول مسيحية
دول وأقاليم انحلت في 1918
دول وأقاليم أسست في 1910
الجبل الأسود في عقد 1910
ممالك سابقة

مملكة الجبل الأسود


O noapte ciudată (titlu original: After Hours) este un film american de comedie neagră din 1985 regizat de Martin Scorsese. Rolurile principale au fost interpretate de actorii Griffin Dunne, Rosanna Arquette și Teri Garr.

Prezentare

Distribuție

Producție
Cheltuielile de producție s-au ridicat la 4,5 milioane $.

Primire
A primit primul Premiu Independent Spirit pentru cel mai bun film.

Note

Legături externe

Vezi și

Filme din 1985
Filme americane
Filme în limba engleză
Filme regizate de Martin Scorsese
Filme de comedie din anii 1980
Filme thriller din anii 1980
Filme de comedie neagră
Filme Warner Bros.
Filme independente

O noapte ciudată


İspanyol Açılışı ya da Ruy Lopez, 1.e4 e5 2.Af3 Ac6 3.Fb5 hamleleriyle ortaya çıkan bir satranç açılışıdır. Bu açılış adını 15. yüzyılda bu açılışı incelemiş olan İspanyol rahip Ruy Lopez'den alır.

Temel devam yolları :

 3. ... a6 : Morphy savunması
 3. ... Af6 : Almanya - Berlin savunması
 3. ... d6 : Steinitz savunması
 3. ... f5 : Schliemann savunması
 3. ... Ad4 : Bird Savunması
 3. ... Fc5 : Klasik 4-4-2 Savunma (Cordel)
 3. ... Age7: Cozio Savunması

Satranç açılışları

İspanyol Açılışı


Der Sender Belzig-Weitzgrund befindet sich östlich von Weitzgrund auf dem Areal einer ehemaligen Schießbahn des Truppenübungsplatz der Nationale Volksarmee. Der Sender der Deutschen Funkturm, einer Tochtergesellschaft der Deutschen Telekom, dient der Rundfunkübertragung. Als Antennenträger wird ein 169 Meter hoher, abgespannter Stahlfachwerkmast verwendet. Der Sender ging im Jahr 1995 in Betrieb mit UKW und analog TV.

Frequenzen und Programme

Analoger Hörfunk (UKW)

Digitales Radio (DAB)
DAB+ wird in vertikaler Polarisation und im Gleichwellenbetrieb mit anderen Sendern ausgestrahlt. Der rbb verbreitet seine Programme via DAB+ seit dem 3. März 2020 vom Sender Belzig-Weitzgrund aus. Der bundesweite DAB+-Multiplex sendet seit dem 9. April 2020.

Analoges Fernsehen
Bis zur Umstellung auf DVB-T wurden folgende Programme in analogem PAL gesendet:

Weblinks

Bauwerk in Bad Belzig
Belzigweitzgrund Sender
Turm in Europa
Turm in Brandenburg

Sender Belzig-Weitzgrund


An Festuca kerguelensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni William Jackson Hooker, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ferdinand von Mueller. An Festuca kerguelensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Festuca, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Kerguelen. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Festuca

Festuca kerguelensis


BBC CWR (Coventry & Warwickshire Radio) is the BBC's local radio station serving Coventry and Warwickshire.

It broadcasts on FM, DAB, digital TV and via BBC Sounds from studios at Priory Place in Coventry city centre.

According to RAJAR, the station has a weekly audience of 61,000 listeners and a 4.2% share as of June 2023.

History

BBC CWR launch

BBC Local Radio in the early 1990s underwent an expansion programme where counties and other areas without a local radio station were identified and five stations were to launch: BBC Radio Surrey, BBC Radio Berkshire, BBC Radio Suffolk, BBC Wiltshire Sound and BBC Radio Warwickshire.

The Radio Warwickshire working title was changed to BBC CWR by the time the station launched on 17 January 1990. The name CWR (Coventry and Warwickshire Radio) reflected the wider area that the new station would cover, taking in the city of Coventry with the whole of the county of Warwickshire, which was then also served by BBC Radio WM. The station broadcast from a Victorian-style mansion on Warwick Road, close to Coventry railway station. Smaller studios were located in  Atherstone, Nuneaton, Rugby, Stratford-upon-Avon, Leamington and Warwick.

Problems and closure
From day one, BBC CWR faced strong competition from the established commercial radio stations in the area.  Mercia Sound had been an outstanding success since its own launch ten years earlier in 1980. Xtra AM, the AM-only sister station of Mercia Sound, also enjoyed high listenership since it split from Mercia and launched in 1989. Consequently CWR seemed to find it difficult to compete for the very large audiences built up by Mercia and Xtra. It was, however, well respected and highly regarded with its regular audience.

BBC WM merger
The BBC, under then Director-General of the BBC John Birt, deemed that CWR was not sufficiently successful in audience terms to warrant its continuation, and within increasing financial constraints in February 1995 CWR was to close. Regular listeners were hugely disappointed and phoned presenter Jon Gaunt to protest about the decision. It was ultimately decided that BBC CWR would merge with neighbouring BBC Radio WM in Birmingham, but would operate as an opt-out service from Radio WM with the remainder of the schedule as shared programming. This merger took place in May 1995. This had the effect of alienating local listeners, whilst paradoxically presenters from WM, such as Ed Doolan, Malcolm Boyden and Tony Butler received high listening figures and distinctions with three Sony Radio Academy Awards, including Radio Station of the Year in 1996.

Its studios were relocated from Warwick Road to much smaller premises on Greyfriars Road. All local programmes except breakfast with Annie Othen, the afternoon show with Bob Brolly, Poles Apart on Wednesdays, and weekend football coverage of Coventry City, were replaced with programming from Birmingham.

2003 saw the station re-labelled as BBC WM across Coventry and Warwickshire.

BBC Coventry and Warwickshire relaunch
In 2003, the then Director-General of the BBC, Greg Dyke, announced on-air that Coventry and Warwickshire would again have its own BBC Local Radio station. Describing the situation with presenter Annie Othen, Dyke said that the station would be added to the BBC's Local Radio portfolio:

 "I'm very pleased to announce that we're planning to open a new radio station in Coventry – an area that's been served by BBC WM since 1995. We hope the new station will be housed in a modern, vibrant building close to Coventry Cathedral in the heart of the city.  Alongside the radio studios, there'll also be an open centre to provide access to BBC Learning facilities similar to the already established centres in Blackburn, Sheffield and Stoke.  Open Centres provide a valuable community role, so this is an exciting venture for the BBC."

He also said that the 1995 closure of CWR was a "mistake":
 "The decision was made under different circumstances – and now we're in a position to change it."

BBC Coventry and Warwickshire relaunched as a stand-alone station on 3 September 2005 with full local programming for 15 hours a day.

In February 2020, BBC Coventry & Warwickshire reverted to the BBC CWR name.

Technical
The BBC initially supplied two powerful FM transmitters for BBC CWR to cover the whole of the county. A 2.2 kilowatt transmitter at an existing tower at Meriden provides Coventry and North Warwickshire with a good signal on 94.8 MHz, a frequency vacated by BRMB Radio in Birmingham before it moved to 96.4 MHz in 1989.

The South Warwickshire area receives a strong signal on 103.7 MHz from a 1.4 kW transmitter located at an existing television relay site on a hill at Lark Stoke,  west-northwest of Shipston-on-Stour and  south of Stratford-upon-Avon.

A small pocket of poor reception in Nuneaton was later resolved by adding a low power relay transmitter on 104.0 MHz

BBC CWR went digital shortly after the launch of the local DAB multiplex on 31 January 2001 with NOW Digital 12D Coventry in the Coventry area with transmissions from Samuel Vale House (central Coventry), Barwell Water Tower near Hinckley, Meriden and Leamington Spa.

The station also broadcasts on Freeview TV channel 719 in the BBC West Midlands region and streams online via BBC Sounds.

Programming
Local programming is produced and broadcast from the BBC's Coventry studios from 6 am to 10 pm on Mondays to Saturdays and from 6 am to 6 pm on Sundays.

Off-peak programming, including the late show from 10 pm to 1 am, originates from BBC Radio WM in Birmingham.

During the station's downtime, BBC CWR simulcasts overnight programming from BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Radio London.

Sports coverage
The station provides coverage of a range of sports, including live commentary, reports and updates. The flagship sports programme is BBC CWR Sport (also referred on air as Sky Blues Sport). It is broadcast mostly on Saturday afternoons (and occasionally on Sundays and weeknights). The mainstay of the coverage is live match commentary of Coventry City matches. Clive Eakin is the primary commentator with analysis from former City players Steve Ogrizovic and Gary McSheffrey. The Sound of the Sky Blues, a phone-in programme about Coventry City, airs on Mondays and Fridays.

After their relocation to Coventry but before their 2022 liquidation, the station provided live match commentary of Wasps RFC games (as a part of BBC Sport's national contract with Premiership Rugby). Coventry RFC's matches in the RFU Championship are also covered live. Alec Blackman, John Butler and Richard Moon are all involved with rugby coverage.

Online match commentary and radio reports of Leamington's and Nuneaton Borough's games are also provided. Commentary of Warwickshire County Cricket Club games can be found on air and online.

Presenters

Notable current presenters
Trish Adudu (weekday drivetime)
Bob Brolly (Sunday afternoons)
Steve Ogrizovic (BBC CWR Sport)
Mollie Green (broadcaster)

Notable past presenters
Malcolm Boyden
Ed Doolan
Jon Gaunt
Jim Lee
Alex Lester
Stuart Linnell
Les Ross
Tony Wadsworth

See also
 BBC Radio WM
 Free Radio
 Free Radio Coventry & Warwickshire
 Capital Mid-Counties

References

External links
 BBC CWR
 Media UK BBC CWR
 MDS975's BBC CWR page
  History of local radio in Warwickshire
 MDS975's Warwickshire radio transmitter coverage maps
 Barwell Water Tower (Digital)
 Lark Stoke transmitter
 Leamington Spa (Digital)
 Meriden transmitter
 Nuneaton transmitter
 Samuel Vale House (Digital)
 David's Transmitter World

CWR
Coventry
Organisations based in Warwickshire
Radio stations in Warwickshire
Radio stations in the West Midlands (region)

BBC CWR


Kosmos 2301, ruski komunikacijski satelit iz programa Kosmos. Vrste je Strijela-3.
Lansiran je 26. prosinca 1994. godine u 05:11 s kozmodroma Pljesecka u Rusiji. Lansiran je u nisku orbitu oko planeta Zemlje raketom nosačem Ciklon-3 11K68. Orbita mu je 1414 km u perigeju i 1415 km u apogeju. Orbitna inklinacija mu je 82,56°. Spacetrackov kataloški broj je 23443. COSPARova oznaka je 1994-086-C. Zemlju obilazi u 114,10 minuta. Pri lansiranju bio je mase 220 kg.

Izvori
Heavens-above (engl.)
NASA (engl.)
Planet4589.org Tablični prikaz podataka o satelitima (engl.)

Vanjske poveznice
N2YO.com Search Satellite Database
Celes Trak SATCAT Format Documentation (engl.)
Kunstman  Satellites in Orbit (engl.)

Sateliti Kosmos

Kosmos 2301


Valeri Fedorovytch Zaloujny (en ), né le  à Zviahel, est un militaire ukrainien, général, commandant en chef des forces armées d'Ukraine (depuis le ) et membre du Conseil national de sécurité et de défense de l'Ukraine (depuis le ).

Biographie

En 2005, il entre à l'Académie nationale de défense de l'Ukraine. En 2007, il obtient son diplôme avec distinction, et est nommé chef d'état-major et premier commandant adjoint de la  brigade mécanisée séparée à Yavoriv, dans l'oblast de Lviv. Il occupe ce poste pendant deux ans et demi.

Par décision du chef d'état-major général des forces armées ukrainiennes du , il est nommé commandant de la  brigade mécanisée distincte. Il occupe ce poste jusqu'en 2012.

En 2017, il est chef d'état-major et premier commandant adjoint du Commandement opérationnel ouest.

En 2018 Zaloujny est chef d'état-major opérationnel conjoint des forces armées ukrainiennes - Premier commandant adjoint des forces conjointes.

Le , il est nommé Commandant du Commandement opérationnel nord.

Le , le président ukrainien Volodymyr Zelensky nomme Valeri Zaloujny commandant en chef des forces armées ukrainiennes. Il remplace Rouslan Khomtchak à ce poste. Le lendemain, il est nommé membre du Conseil national de sécurité et de défense de l'Ukraine.

Il est connu comme l'un des généraux les plus ouverts et montrant le plus d'empathie pour les soldats et les officiers subalternes. Représentant des officiers supérieurs ukrainiens et participant aux hostilités dans le Donbass, il n'a pas servi en URSS, et a une attitude positive à l'égard du renouvellement du personnel par les jeunes et de l'abandon des pratiques soviétiques. L'une de ses premières mesures au pouvoir a été de permettre aux militaires du front d'ouvrir le feu en réponse aux occupants sans le consentement de la haute direction et d'éliminer la nécessité pour les militaires de remplir des documents jugés inutiles.

Positions
Concernant ses priorités en tant que commandant en chef Valeri Zaloujny déclare devant un comité des Forces armées de l'Ukraine, en  :

Dans les colonnes du magazine américain Time, en , il réaffirme qu'il n'y a pas de retour à l'armée ukrainienne de 2013. Il se dit cependant respectueux et admiratif des institutions de ses homologues russes et assume une importante inspiration chez Valeri Guerassimov :

Grades militaires

 Major-général ()
 Général ()

Notes et références

Notices et liens externes

Naissance en juillet 1973
Naissance dans l'oblast de Jytomyr
Général ukrainien du XXIe siècle
Militaire ukrainien de la guerre russo-ukrainienne

Valeri Zaloujny


Söğütlü, Samsun ilinin Ladik ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Coğrafya
Samsun iline 95 km, Ladik ilçesine 14 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Ladik'in mahalleleri

Söğütlü, Ladik


Pambio Noranco er et kvarter i byen Luganoc i Schweiz

Byer i Schweiz

Pambio Noranco


كفرحتا هي إحدى القرى اللبنانية من قرى قضاء زغرتا في محافظة الشمال.عزالدين محمود فندي العبد الله

المراجع

أماكن مأهولة في محافظة لبنان الشمالي
تجمعات سنية في لبنان
تجمعات مارونية في لبنان
قضاء زغرتا
مدن لبنان

كفرحاتا


The 2003 New Democratic Party leadership election was held to replace New Democratic Party of Canada leader Alexa McDonough, after her retirement. It ended on January 25, 2003, with the first ballot victory of popular Toronto city councillor Jack Layton.

The election was the first to be conducted under the NDP's new partial one member, one vote system, in which the popular vote of the members is weighted for 75% of the result. The rest are votes cast by delegates for affiliated organizations (mainly labour unions). It was also the first Canadian leadership convention to allow Internet voting; delegates who chose to vote electronically were given a password to a secure website to register their votes.

The race was heated, with the leaders campaigning to NDP audiences across Canada. One of the most notable events of the campaign occurred at the convention in Toronto, the day before the election, when candidate Pierre Ducasse made a stirring speech. Ducasse's speech attracted widespread praise, although its late delivery was unable to sway the postal and internet votes which had already been cast.

Candidates

Jack Layton

At the time of the election, Jack Layton was the Toronto City Councillor for Ward 30 and vice chair of Toronto Hydro, and a former university lecturer and environmental consultant. He had run and lost in both the 1993 and 1997 federal elections. His emphases included homelessness, affordable housing, opposing violence, the natural environment and the green economy. While other campaigns stressed federal experience, Layton's campaign contended that his record on Toronto council and as former president of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities encompassed national issues and would transfer to the federal stage, and that as Alexa McDonough had on her election as leader, he could lead the party successfully from outside Parliament until winning his own seat.
Endorsements: Ed Broadbent, Svend Robinson, Libby Davies, former Ontario NDP leader Stephen Lewis
Date campaign launched: July 22, 2002

Bill Blaikie

At the time of the election, Bill Blaikie was the MP for Winnipeg-Transcona, the NDP House leader and the critic on intergovernmental affairs, justice, the Solicitor General, and parliamentary reform. He had been a Member of Parliament for over 20 years. His emphases included trade, Medicare, taxes and the environment, and his parliamentary experience. An ordained minister in the United Church of Canada, Blaikie was a prominent heir to the Social Gospel, Christian left tradition deeply rooted in the NDP.
Endorsements: MPs Wendy Lill, Judy Wasylycia-Leis, Pat Martin, Bev Desjarlais, Dick Proctor and Yvon Godin, Manitoba Premier Gary Doer, Ontario New Democratic Party leader Howard Hampton and several former MPs
Date campaign launched: June 17, 2002

Lorne Nystrom

Lorne Nystrom was the MP for Regina—Qu'Appelle at the time of the election, and the NDP critic of economic policy, finance, banks, national revenue, public accounts, Crown corporations and electoral reform. Through his 29 years in Parliament, it was the third time he had run for leader. Nystrom campaigned heavily on the issue of electoral reform. Other emphases included his parliamentary experience and practical left-wing economics; he had edited a book on financial issues, Just Making Change.
Date campaign launched: July 31, 2002

Joe Comartin

Joe Comartin was the MP for Windsor—St. Clair and the party's environment critic at the time of the election. His election in 2000 had been the first federal win for the NDP in Ontario in ten years, and he had helped add a second Ontario seat with Brian Masse's win in the neighbouring riding of Windsor West in 2002. He emphasised foreign affairs, particularly in the Middle East, and his campaign included significant outreach to Arab and Muslim Canadians. Comartin received high profile support from the Canadian Auto Workers. Of the candidates, Comartin was considered the furthest left on economic policy.

Endorsements: MP Brian Masse, CAW President Buzz Hargrove, CAW Local 444 President Ken Lewenza Sr., former aide to Howard Hampton and publisher Ish Theilheimer
Date campaign launched: August 13, 2002

Pierre Ducasse

Pierre Ducasse was the Associate President of the NDP at the time of the election. His underdog campaign stressed outreach in Quebec and building the party toward electoral success. It also drew on Ducasse's background in co-operative economics.
Endorsements: Ken Georgetti, president of the Canadian Labour Congress

Bev Meslo
Bev Meslo was a Vancouver-area activist and represented the New Democratic Party Socialist Caucus in the leadership election.

Results

NOTES:

The labour votes at convention were weighted to equal 1/3 of the total membership votes cast (43,652 / 3 = 14,550.67).

This was done to ensure that labour held 25% of the total votes cast for Leader, as required by the NDP Constitution.

As a result, the vote of each labour delegate was equal to approximately 15.2 membership votes.

Campaign contributions were those reported on the interim financial statements, as of November 30, 2002.

Timeline

2002
June 5: Alexa McDonough announces she will step down as leader.
June 17: Bill Blaikie declares his candidacy.
July 5–7: The NDP Federal Council convenes to adopt rules.
June 25: Pierre Ducasse declares his candidacy.
July 22: Jack Layton declares his candidacy.
July 30: Bev Meslo declares her candidacy.
July 31: Lorne Nystrom declares his candidacy.
August 13: Joe Comartin declares his candidacy.
November 26: Final day for candidates to declare candidacy.
December 12: Last day to become an NDP member who can vote.

2003
January 24: The convention begins in Toronto, Ontario.
January 25: Ballots are cast, Layton declared victorious.

Notes

New Democratic Party
2003
New Democratic Party leadership election


An Calamagrostis jamesonii in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ernst Gottlieb von Steudel. An Calamagrostis jamesonii in nahilalakip ha genus nga Calamagrostis, ngan familia nga Poaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Ecuador. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Calamagrostis

Calamagrostis jamesonii


En derecho romano, ampliatio se refiere a que en el procedimiento judicial romano, si la cuestión no quedaba esclarecida a juicio del tribunal, en el primer debate, podía tener lugar otro, y aun otros, llamándose a estos ampliationes, porque dilataban la vista y fallo definitivo.

Así, según cuenta Valerio Máximo, la causa seguida contra L. Cotta sufrió siete ampliationes y a la octava se absolvió. La ley Servilia Glaucia exceptuó de estas ampliationes las quaestiones repetundarum pues para ellas estableció que el fallo se dejara al día siguiente al de la vista (comperendinatio) pero que en éste fuera obligatorio dictar sentencia.

También se daba el nombre de ampliatio al nuevo plazo que podía concedese al acusado cuando éste no comparecía en el primeramente señalado, así como al que se otorgaba para presentar nuevas pruebas.

Referencias

Derecho romano

Ampliatio


An Trichophorum uniflorum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Ernst Rudolf von Trautvetter, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Leonid I. Malysev och Lukitsch.. An Trichophorum uniflorum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Trichophorum, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Trichophorum

Trichophorum uniflorum


An Notylia incurva in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni John Lindley. An Notylia incurva in nahilalakip ha genus nga Notylia, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Notylia

Notylia incurva


Saulius Karosas (* 22. April 1958 in der Litauischen SSR; † 16. Januar 2019) war ein litauischer Unternehmer und galt als reichster Litauer.

Leben
Karosas absolvierte ein Studium und wurde Ingenieur. Er gründete viele Unternehmen in Litauen und im Ausland, z. B. die litauische Unternehmensgruppe Medicinos banko grupė. Karosas verwaltete die Mehrheit der Aktien indirekt, über seine Unternehmen wie Western Petroleum, UAB SK-Impeks (litauische Unternehmensgruppe), Grožio terapijos ir chirurgijos klinika  oder Turto garantas. 1998 gründete er die Saulius-Karosas-Stiftung.

Quellen

Weblinks
Saulius-Karosas-Stiftung (englisch)

Unternehmer (Vilnius)
Mäzen
Bankier
Litauer
Geboren 1958
Gestorben 2019
Mann

Saulius Karosas


Andrea di Bartolo Cini (entre 1360 y 1370 - 1428) fue un pintor italiano del gótico final, activo entre 1389 y 1428 y adscrito a la escuela sienesa. Hijo de  Bartolo di Fredi, se formó en el taller de su padre, que continuaron sus hijos: Ansano y Giovanni. Su estilo se asocia a la obra de Simone Martini y Duccio di Buoninsegna.

Selección de obras
 Coronación de la Virgen, políptico para Montalcino, en el que trabajó junto a su padre.
 Santa Catalina de Siena, para Murano (Pinacoteca de Brera, Milán).
 Varias tablas en las que repite el motivo de la virgen de la humildad, destinadas a cada una de las celdas de las monjas del convento de las dominicas de Venecia, fechadas en 1394 (se conserva una de ellas en el Brooklyn Museum, Nueva York).
 Cristo llevando la Cruz (Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza, Madrid), que reproduce el tema y tratamiento de una obra de Simone Martini.
 La Santa Cena (Pinacoteca Nacional de Bolonia).
 Santa Lucía (Ashmolean Museum, Oxford).

Referencias
 Artcyclopedia
 Web Gallery of Art
 National Gallery of Art, Washington

Enlaces externos

Pintores de Italia del siglo XIV
Pintores de Italia del siglo XV
Pintores del Gótico
Nacidos en Siena
Fallecidos en Siena

Andrea di Bartolo Cini


10479 Yiqunchen este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
10479 Yiqunchen este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Stația Anderson Mesa de Martin Watt. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,26 ua, o excentricitate de 0,18 și o înclinație de 7,7° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 10001-11000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1982
Centura de asteroizi

10479 Yiqunchen


1844දී නිදහස ලැබීමෙන් අනතුරුව ඩොමිනිකන් ජනරජය  සඳහා  ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථා 38 ක් තිබී ඇති අතර, වෙනත් කිසිම රටක් සඳහා එවැනි තත්ත්වයක් උද්ගතවී නොමැත. කෙසේවෙතත් දේශපාලන ස්ථාවරත්වය පිළිබඳව මෙම  සංඛ්‍යාතිය විසින් සපයා දෙන්නේ කිසියම් මුලාකාරී සඳහනක් වන්නේ, ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ කිසියම් සංශෝධනයක් අපරානුමත කරන විට නව ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාවක් ප්‍රඥාපනය කිරීමේ ඩොමිනිකානු සම්ප්‍රදායය නිසාය. කිසියම් විශේෂිත විධිවිධානයන් සැලකූ කල ඒවා එකිනෙක වෙතින් තාක්ෂණික ලෙසින් වෙනස් වුවද,  බොහෝ ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථා පූර්වයෙහි පැවති ඒවායෙන් වෙනස් වන්නේ ඉතා සුළු විකරණ ලෙසිනි. පිරිසැරුම් ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාමය නවීකරණ සත්‍ය වශයෙන්ම සාපේක්ෂ වශයෙන් විරල විය.

ආශ්‍රිත

ඩොමිනිකන් ජනරජයේ ආණ්ඩුක්‍රම ව්‍යවස්ථාව


O Campeonato Brasileiro de Curling 2022, disputado na Arena Ice Brasil (Morumbi, São Paulo) entre 7 e 10 de agosto 2022, foi o primeiro organizado pela Confederação Brasileira de Desportos no Gelo (CBDG) no Brasil, após as quatro edições realizadas no Canadá em 2015, 2016, 2017 e 2019.

O evento foi aberto às categorias times (adultos) masculinos, femininos e mistos, times juvenis femininos e masculinos, cadeirantes e duplas mistas, para todos os jogadores brasileiros filiados na CBDG com pelo menos um ano de experiência em Curling. Excepcionalmente, o regulamento previa a inscrição de atletas com menos de um ano de experiência em curling para a categoria cadeirantes e para a dupla brasileira melhor colocada no Torneio Ice Brasil de Curling 2022.

A cerimônia de abertura do campeonato, na noite de 6 de agosto de 2022, teve as presenças da campeã olímpica de curling Stefania Constantini, do representante da World Curling Federation Darrel Ell e de autoridades consulares de Itália e Canadá, além dos atletas e autoridades da CBDG.

Os campeões brasileiros foram a equipe masculina capitaneada por Marcelo Mello e a dupla mista formada por Isis Oliveira e Marcelo Mello. Não houve inscrições para cadeirantes e equipes mistas. As competições de equipes juvenis femininas e masculinas não foram realizadas porque só houve uma inscrição em cada uma destas categorias.

Duplas mistas inscritas

¹ Atleta substituída por Lenise Souza a partir do segundo jogo, devido a lesão.

Equipes inscritas

¹ Atletas que não puderem comparecer e foram substituídos pelos respectivos alternates (reservas).

Programação

Competição de equipes femininas
As partidas previstas não foram realizadas devido à impossibilidade de comparecimento do número mínimo de atletas.

Competição de equipes masculinas
Disputada numa série de até três jogos de 8 ends.

Jogo 1
Domingo, 7 de agosto, 17:30

Jogo 2
Segunda, 8 de agosto, 18:15

Jogo 3
Terça, 9 de agosto, 17:30

Competição de duplas mistas
Primeira fase no formato round robin (todos contra todos), classificando-se as quatro duplas melhores classificadas para os play-offs, disputados em cruzamento olímpico.

Round Robin

Rodada 1
Domingo, 7 de agosto, 13:30

Rodada 2
Segunda-Feira, 8 de agosto, 10:00

Rodada 3
Segunda-Feira, 8 de agosto, 14:00

Rodada 4
Terça-Feira, 9 de agosto, 9:30

Rodada 5
Terça-Feira, 9 de agosto, 13:30

A Equipe 1 desistiu do jogo e a vitória foi atribuída à Equipe 2.

Tabela resumo da 1ª Fase

Classificação da 1ª Fase

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

Semifinais
Quarta-feira, 10 de agosto, 9:30

Decisão do 3º lugar
Quarta-feira, 10 de agosto, 13:30

Por lesão de atletas nas duas equipes, o jogo não foi disputado e o terceiro lugar ficou dividido entre as duplas.

Final
Quarta-feira, 10 de agosto, 13:30

Classificação final

Transmissão
No domingo 7/8 e na quarta-feira 10/8, o Canal Olímpico do Brasil transmitiu as partidas por streaming.
Nos demais dias, o streaming das partidas foi realizado pelo perfil da Arena Ice Brasil no Instagram.

Ligações externas
 Sítio da Confederação Brasileira de Desportos no Gelo (CBDG)
 Sítio da Arena Ice Brasil
 Perfil da Arena Ice Brasil no Facebook
 Regulamento do Campeonato Brasileiro de Curling 2022
 Brazilian Curling Club (Vancouver-CAN)

!Artigos novos
Curling do Brasil

<noinclude>

Campeonato Brasileiro de Curling 2022


Minnesota Timberwolves, NBA'de Batı Konferansı Kuzeybatı Grubu'nda yer alan Minnesota takımıdır. 1989'da kurulmuştur. Maçlarını Target Center'da oynar.

Takım kurulduktan bu yana ilk kez 2004 yılında Kevin Garnett'in yanına kaliteli isimler eklenmiş ve normal sezonda Batı Konferansı birincisi olunmuştur. Ancak batı finallerinde Los Angeles Lakers'ı geçememişlerdir. 2007'de takım tarihinin en başarılı oyuncusu olan Kevin Garnett, Boston Celtics'e gönderilmiş ve yeniden yapılanma dönemine girilmiştir.

İsim
Minnesota Timberwolves, Minneapolis eyaletinin tek takımıdır. Önceden Minneapolis Lakers adıyla takım içeren eyalet, Lakers'ın Los Angeles'a taşınmasıyla 1989 yılında Minnesota Timberwolves adıyla yeni takımına kavuşmuştur. Timberwolves adı şehirde yapılan anketle seçilmiştir. Timberwolves adı "Gri Kurt" anlamına gelmektedir ve Kuzey Minneapolis'te nadiren görülen gri kurtlardan esinlenmiştir.

Oyuncular

Güncel kadro
28 Haziran 2015 itibarıyla

NBA takımları

Minnesota Timberwolves


.nz Yeni Zelanda için internet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır. (CcTLD)

Yeni Zelanda
nz
1987 tanıtımları
nz

.nz


Frederick Lois Riefkohl ( - ), originaire de Maunabo, Porto Rico, est un contre-amiral de la marine des États-Unis. Il est premier portoricain à être diplômé de l'Académie navale des États-Unis et à recevoir la Navy Cross.

Il fut récipiendaire de la Navy Cross pendant la Première Guerre mondiale et capitaine de l' pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Histoire de Porto Rico pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
 Histoire militaire de Porto Rico

Bibliographie
 Puertorriquenos Who Served With Guts, Glory, and Honor. Fighting to Defend a Nation Not Completely Their Own; by : Greg Boudonck;
 The Future of the Enterprise; by Marius S. Vassiliou and David S. Alberts;
 The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 1942-1944; By Ian W. Toll;

Liens externes
 World War II plus 55
 Riefkohl

Naissance en février 1889
Décès en septembre 1969
Décès à 80 ans
Militaire portoricain
Récipiendaire de la Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Récipiendaire de la Navy Cross
Rear admiral (upper half) de l'United States Navy
Élève de l'Académie navale d'Annapolis
Élève du Naval War College

Frederick Lois Riefkohl


Arne Sørensen ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Arne Sørensen (Politiker) (1906–1978), dänischer Politiker
 Arne Sørensen (Fußballspieler) (1917–1977), dänischer Fußballspieler und -trainer
 Arne Sørensen (Maler) (* 1937), norwegischer Maler und Grafiker
 Arne Sørensen (Schachspieler) (* 1947), dänischer Schachspieler

Arne Sørensen


The Shire of Towong is a local government area in the Hume region of Victoria, Australia, located in the north-east part of the state. It covers an area of  and in June 2018 had a population of 6,054.

It includes the towns of Corryong, Tallangatta, Cudgewa, Bethanga, Bellbridge, Walwa, Tintaldra and Towong. It was formed in 1994 from the amalgamation of the Shire of Tallangatta and Shire of Upper Murray.

The Shire is governed and administered by the Towong Shire Council; its seat of local government and administrative centre is located at the council headquarters in Tallangatta, it also has a service centre located in Corryong. The Shire is named after an earlier shire, the Shire of Towong (1874–1920), which occupied the same region as the current LGA.

Council

Current composition
The council is composed of five councillors elected to represent an unsubdivided municipality.

Administration and governance
The council meets in the council chambers at the council headquarters in the Tallangatta Municipal Offices, which is also the location of the council's administrative activities. It also provides customer services at both its administrative centre in Tallangatta, and its service centre in Corryong.

Townships and localities
The 2021 census, the shire had a population of 6,223 up from 5,985 in the 2016 census

^ - Territory divided with another LGA

See also
 List of localities (Victoria)
 List of places on the Victorian Heritage Register in the Shire of Towong

References

External links

Towong Shire Council official website
Metlink local public transport map
Link to Land Victoria interactive maps

Local government areas of Victoria (state)
Hume (region)

Shire of Towong


Višesjemena loboda (vrtna pepeljuga, lat. Lipandra polysperma; sin. Chenopodium polyspermum), jedina biljna vrsta u rodu Lipandra, porodica Štirovke (Amaranthaceae), nekada klasificirana u lobode (Chenopodium)

U Hrvatskoj se smatra za korov

Sinonimi
 Gandriloa Steud.
 Oligandra Less.
 Oliganthera Endl.
 Atriplex polysperma (L.) Crantz
 Chenopodium acutifolium Sm.
 Chenopodium arrectum Desm.
 Chenopodium bisaeriale Menyh.
 Chenopodium marginatum Spreng. ex Hornem.
 Chenopodium polispermum Neck.
 Chenopodium polyspermum L.
 Gandriloa atriplicoides (Less.) Steud.
 Lipandra atriplicoides Moq.
 Oligandra atriplicoides Less.
 Vulvaria polysperma (L.) Bubani

Izvori

Lobodovke
Flora Europe
Flora Libanona i Sirije
Flora sjeverozapadne europske Rusije
Flora sjeverne europske Rusije
Flora zapadnog Sibira
Flora istočne europske Rusije
Flora središnje europske Rusije
Flora Krima
Flora Sjevernog Kavkaza
Flora Zakavkazja
Flora Turske
Flora Irkutske oblasti
Flora Krasnojarskog kraja

Višesjemena loboda


Loon op Zand () er en kommune og en by i den sydlige provins Noord-Brabant i Nederlandene.

Kernerne
 Loon op Zand
 Kaatsheuvel
 De Moer

Externe link

 Kommunens hjemmeside
 Regionaal Archief Tilburg - Loon op Zands arkiv
 Monumenter i Loon op Zand

Byer i Nord-Brabant
Kommuner i Nord-Brabant

Loon op Zand


Le Règlement est un vidéaste web et  français, créateur de la chaîne YouTube éponyme. Le contenu qu'il produit est orienté autour de la musique, et plus particulièrement du rap. Il propose des analyses d'albums, de morceaux, d'artistes voire des courants particuliers de ce genre musical. Il produit également plusieurs sessions de freestyles, en collaboration avec de nombreux rappeurs français.

Biographie
Le Règlement est attaché à son anonymat. Ainsi, ni son vrai nom, ni son visage ne sont connus. Il n'apparait que très peu dans ses vidéos, et son visage est ainsi dissimulé, souvent avec un casque. Il emploie aussi des avatars, en 2D ou en 3D. Il se présente sous le surnom de Max Brodi.

Fan de musique, notamment de hip-hop américain et de punk-rock, il découvre en 2008 le rap français.

Chaîne YouTube
Le nom de la chaîne YouTube Le Règlement vient d'une phrase de Nekfeu sur le morceau Gère tes affaires du collectif 5 Majeurs : « Ceux qui respectent le règlement ne le respectent pas correctement. » .

La première vidéo de la chaîne, Django, copie de Nekfeu ? (Analyse Fichu), sort en .

En , la chaîne YouTube du Règlement atteint le million d'abonnés. À cette occasion sort un double clip dans lequel il rappe, accompagné de plusieurs rappeurs dont il est proche : Spider ZED et Sholo Sensei, qui l'accompagnent dans le refrain, et plusieurs autres artistes figurants (Lujipeka, Zuukou Mayzie …), ainsi que des abonnés. La seconde partie du clip est interprétée par Luv Resval. Ce morceau est produit par Seezy.

Analyses
Dans ses vidéos d'analyses, Le Règlement déroule un argumentaire sous une forme proche de certains exercices scolaires, comme l'analyse de texte (introduction, développement en trois parties, conclusion). Il utilise de nombreuses références à la culture populaire (mèmes, cinéma), ainsi que des comparaisons à des œuvres plus classiques.

Freestyles

Il organise plusieurs saisons de freestyles. Pour clôturer celles-ci, il organise plusieurs événements publics accompagnés d'artistes, notamment à la Bellevilloise et à la Machine du Moulin Rouge.

Radio
La webradio du Règlement, nommée Radio Règlement ou Règlement Radio, apparait d'abord sur sa chaîne YouTube en 2017, avant d'être fermée. Il s'agit d'une radio collaborative, où les auditeurs peuvent proposer les morceaux et artistes qu'ils souhaitent.

Une première tentative de créer une version mobile de la radio échoue. Une application voit de nouveau le jour plus tard, incluant aussi la possibilité pour les auditeurs d'influer sur la programmation, tout en ayant accès à un tchat. Elle diffuse de  à minuit, tous les soirs.

Apparitions
Le Règlement prête sa voix lors de l' du  de l'émission Twitch Popcorn.

Il participe au quatrième épisode de la série de documentaire Rap Business sur la chaîne YouTube du Monde.

.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes

 Vidéaste web
 Rap
 YouTube

Liens externes
 Chaîne YouTube du Règlement
 Chaîne Twitch du Règlement

Vidéaste web français
Critique musical français
Naissance à Bourg-lès-Valence
Vidéaste web sur YouTube
Streameur Twitch

Le Règlement


مدعمات ( بالأنجليزية : Desmostylia ) وتعني الأعمدة الرهينة . وهي ثدييات عاشبة بحرية أو برمائية عاشت في العصر الأليغوسيني والعصر الميوسيني وكانت عظامها قوية ومتينة مثلفرس النهر , عثر على حفرياتها في أمريكا الشمالية وشمال المحيط الهادئ و جنوب اليابان وغيرها من المناطق، ربما وزنها كان يفوق 200 كيلوغرام ويصل طول البالغ منها إلى 1.8 متر تقريبا . تشبه جمجمته جمجمة صناجة بدائية وهي فيل قديم وكذلك تشابه حفرياته حيوان منقار البط ,لديها 4 أرجل شبيه بالزعانف لتسبح .

مراجع

أصنوفات أحفورية وصفت في 1959
انقراضات التورتوني
ثدييات مشيمية قبل التاريخ

مدعمات


Freches Portekiz'de Trancoso belediyesine bağlı olan, 13,56 km2 yüzölçümüne sahip, 551 nüfuslu (2001) bir bucaktır (Portekizce: freguesia).

Portekiz'in freguesiaları
Trancoso

Freches