Das Alte Stadtarchivgebäude in Heilbronn am Kieselmarkt wurde 1765 erbaut und
bei dem Luftangriff vom 4. Dezember 1944 im Zweiten Weltkrieg zerstört. Es zählte nach Eberhard Gossenberger in seiner Arbeit Über die Heilbronner Profanbauten des 18. Jahrhunderts als der "schönste Profanbau Heilbronns". Die Ruine wird heute als Ehrenhalle genutzt.

Geschichte
Schon seit 1750 hatten die Archivari der Stadt über die schlechte Unterbringung der Akten geklagt; am 13. März 1764 wurde schließlich über das Bedürfnis eines Archivneubaus im Heilbronner Stadtrat gesprochen. So erhielten die Senatoren Roßkampff und Schübler den Auftrag "den Augenschein einzunehmen", sie sollten den Zustand der Akten einsehen. Diese befanden sich in einem desolaten Zustand. Deswegen wurde kurz darauf der Neubau beschlossen. Der Oberbaumeister Senator von Roßkampff wurde mit der Bauleitung beauftragt. Dieser plante:

Im März 1765 legte er Aufriss und Schätzung vom Maurer mit 3428 Gulden 20 Kreutzer und vom Zimmermann mit 962 Gulden 54 Kreutzer für das Archiv vor. Zuerst war geplant, den sog. Komödiantensaal umzubauen. Der "Commoediantensaal" war ein als Theater eingerichteter Saal im Rathaus. Aufgrund mangelhafter Lichtverhältnisse, plante jedoch Roßkampff das Gebäude auf dem Sandhof am Kieselmarkt zu erbauen. Bereits Ende April 1765 wurde mit dem Maurermeister  Johann Christoph Keller ein Accord in Hohe von 1244 Gulden und 54 Kreutzer geschlossen. Am 25. Mai 1765 wurde in einem Festakt der Grundstein gelegt. Im Grundstein wurde eine aus Zinn geschaffene Platte mit Inschrift gelegt. Diese lautete:

Nachdem Roßkampff die Leitung des Bauamts an den Senator Schübler abgegeben hatte, führte dieser den Bau nach Entwürfen Roßkampffs aus. Ende August 1765 schloss Baumeister Schübler mit dem Zimmermeister Bernhard Theodor Hofacker einen "Accord zu 151 Stämm, den Stamm zu 45 Kreutzer samt den Spähnen zu bearbeiten." Weiter wirkten andere Künstler mit, wie der Kunstmaler J. Baptist Feratini (Giovanni Battista Ferrandini), der 1748 in der Martinskirche in Sontheim drei Fresken und die Deckengemälde der ehemaligen Kirche zu Güglingen geschaffen hatte. Weiter der berühmte Esslinger Kunstmaler J. E. Ihle und der Kunstschlosser Späth.

Architektur und Einrichtung

Außenarchitektur
Mit einem fast quadratischen Grundriss bildete der Bau ursprünglich die Nordostecke des im späten 16. Jahrhundert zu einer vierflügeligen, einen Innenhof umschließenden Anlage erweiterten Rathauskomplexes. Der dreigeschossige Bau wurde aus regionaltypischem hellgelbem Sandstein errichtet. Die Hauptwirkung lag bis zur Zerstörung der Stadt auf der Ostfassade, die nach dem Kieselmarkt ausgerichtet war. Die – heute freigelegte – Südfassade zeigt drei Achsen und hat dieselbe Gestaltung wie die Ostfassade. Das mit Biberschwanz eingedeckte Satteldach war nach der Ostfront abgewalmt und ohne jeden Aufbau. Die heute noch bestehende Ostfassade ist in fünf Achsen unterteilt und zeigt eine aufwändige Gliederung. Schlanke Eckpilaster mit korinthisierenden Kapitellen gliedern diese. Die Pilaster stehen auf hohen fein detaillierten Postamenten und tragen das reich profilierte Gebälk. Schmale wenig vorspringende Lisenen stützen den Architrav. Den Mittelpunkt der Fassade bildete das Portal der Mittelachse. Das Portal umfasste eine – inzwischen verlorengegangene – schmiedeeiserne Eingangstüre, die eine aufwändige Leistung des Kunstschlossers Späth war. Alle Fenster zeigen auch heute noch eine flachprofilierte Umrahmung und stichbogigen Sturz. Unter der Fensterbank zeigen diese eine mit zarten Profilen umrahmte Brüstung. Die Fenster im Erdgeschoss waren mit aufwändig verzierten, schön ausgebauchten Gittern ausgestattet; auch eine Arbeit des Kunstschlossers Späth. Die übrigen Fenster zeigen eine gebrochene Bogenverdachung und zwischen Sturz und Verdachung mit Rocaille geschmückte Kartuschen. Über den Fensterstürzen des zweiten Obergeschosses sind auch Kartuschen angebracht worden. Kartuschen wurden mit eisernen Klammern vor dem Architrav angehängt. Bemerkenswert das mit Rocaille geschmückte Stadtwappen über dem Portal – dort " …ein gekrönter schwarzer Adler, der im Bustschild die Buchstaben "HB" trägt, in goldenem Feld, in das von (heraldisch) rechts die Sonne hereinstrahlt…".

Innenarchitektur
Sowohl das Erdgeschoss als auch das erste Obergeschoss des dreigeschossigen Hauses umfassten bis zur Zerstörung jeweils einen einzigen überwölbten Raum. Vier Sandsteinpfeiler stützten das Gewölbe. Als Krönung der Sandsteinpfeiler-Kapitelle waren Reliefs von Vasen in Stuck angebracht. Das zweite Obergeschoss enthielt vier an einem mittleren Gang befindliche Räume. Vom Haupteingang im Erdgeschoss aus führte ein Gang, der zwei Stufen tiefer lag als der übrige Fußboden, durch das mittlere schmale Gewölbe und durch eine schwere Eisentüre zum Treppenhaus. In das geräumige Treppenhaus war eine dreiarmige, gegenläufige Treppe eingebaut. Diese hatte eine Laufbreite von 1,55 Meter und bestand vom Erdgeschoss bis zum ersten Obergeschoss aus Sandstein; nach dem zweiten Obergeschoss aus Eichenholz. Auf der inneren Wange der Treppe zog sich bis zum oberen Podest ein aufwändig gearbeitetes schmiedeeisernes Geländer hin. Neben dem Treppenhaus befand sich in jedem Geschoss eine Vorhalle mit Nebeneingang. Treppenhaus und Vorhallen waren durch Rundbogenöffnung zu den Treppenpodesten hin miteinander verbunden. In Höhe des oberen Fußbodens waren – entsprechend den Pfeilern nach der Vorhalle – im Treppenhaus ringsherum glatte wenig vorspringende Pilaster ausgekragt. Auf den Eckpilastern befanden sich kniende und sitzende Putten, die anderen Pilaster waren oben mit Vasen als Relief geschmückt. Den oberen Abschluss des Treppenhauses bildete ein flaches Stichkappengewölbe, mit einem Fresko in einem länglichen Feld in der Gewölbemitte. Die Gewölberippen waren mit reichem Kartuschenwerk und Rocaille geschmückt. Die Türen vom Treppenpodest nach dem Archivräumen zeigten über dem Sturz große Kartuschen mit aufwändiger Rocaille. Im ersten Obergeschoss war links neben der Türe – als Pendant zu dem Halbpfeiler rechts –  ein Pilaster angeordnet. Auf dessen Kapitell befand sich eine in Stuck ausgeführte "magere Engelsgestalt mit wallendem Bart und Sense", die Figur des Sensenmannes. Die Vorhallen, die nach dem Treppenhaus durch Steinbalustraden abgeschlossen waren, zeigten Flachdecken mit Hohlkehlen, in den Ecken Kartuschen mit aufwändiger Rocaille.

Kunstgeschichtliche Bedeutung
Joachim Hennze ordnet den Bau stilistisch dem Rokoko zu. Vorbilder hierfür befinden sich nach Hennze in Bamberg, Würzburg oder Dinkelsbühl. Auch Eberhard Gossenberg rechnet das Gebäude dem Rokoko zu – im äußeren Erscheinungsbild hätte der Bau "alle Reize und den Charakter des echten Rokoko". Es sei laut Gossenberg "wohl der schönste Profanbau Heilbronns".

Weblinks

Literatur
 Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn mit Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. Die alte Stadt in Wort und Bild. Weißenhorn 1966 (Veröffentlichungen des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn. Band 14). Nr. 54 [Stadtarchiv, Kieselmarkt 2, um 1930]
 Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn: Die alte Stadt in Wort und Bild, Band 2, Weißenhorn 1967 (Veröffentlichungen des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn. Band 15). Nr. 6 [Stadtarchiv, Kieselmarkt 2, Treppenhaus um 1905].
 Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn: Die alte Stadt in Wort und Bild, Band 2, Weißenhorn 1967 (Veröffentlichungen des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn. Band 15). Nr. 8 [Stadtarchiv, Kieselmarkt 2, Innenraum um 1935].
 Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn: Die alte Stadt in Wort und Bild, Band 2, Weißenhorn 1967 (Veröffentlichungen des Archivs der Stadt Heilbronn. Band 15). Nr. 9 [Stadtarchiv, Kieselmarkt 2, Hauptfassade um 1905].

 Eberhard Gossenberger: Städtisches Archiv. In: ders:  Heilbronns Profanbauten aus dem 18. Jahrhundert. Ein Beitrag zur Kunstgeschichte der Stadt Heilbronn, Stuttgart Technische Hochschule Dissertation v. 9. August 1917 [1923], S. 28–32.
 Erwin Mehne (Hrsg.): Schmiedekunst um die Jahrhundertwende in Heilbronn. Heilbronn 1989 (Prospekt der Fa. August Stotz & Söhne [ca. 1910]) in der Datenbank HEUSS

Einzelnachweise

Ruine in Baden-Württemberg
Barockbauwerk in Heilbronn
Archivbau
Erbaut in den 1760er Jahren
Rokokobauwerk in Baden-Württemberg

Altes Stadtarchiv (Heilbronn)


Ved skyderiet i München, der foregik i bydelen Moosach den 22. juli 2016 kort før klokken 18:00, blev ni personer dræbt af skud og adskillige blev såret. Politiet regner med at der var én gerningsmænd, som handlede alene. Dødstallet kom op på ti, da gerningsmanden blev fundet død for egen hånd. Skyderiet fandt sted ved en McDonald's restaurant og inde i og udenfor indkøbscenteret Olympia, som lå på den anden side af gaden. Store politistyrker med støtte fra "Spezialeinsatzkommando", Bundespolizei og politistyrker fra andre distrikter blev sat ind på grund af den akutte terrortrussel og flere vejspærringer blev oprettet. De offentlige transportmidler i München blev indstillet og München Hauptbahnhof evakueret taxachauffører blev anmodet om ikke at tage passagerer op.

Vidner rapporterede om op til tre personer med skydevåben. Politiet sikrede at beboerne i München forlod gaderne og blev indendøre. Politiet eftersøger gerningsmændene.

Omkring 20:30 rapporterede politiet, at det mistænker at det drejer sig om et terrorangreb og taler om en "akut terrorsituation" i München. Men slog fast, at der ikke var "tegn på islamisk terror" og anmodede kommentatorer om at undgå spekulationer om islamistisk forbindelser i forbindelse med angrebet. Der er også rapporteret om skyderier på Karlsplatz i München.

Klokken 22:37 oplystes det at ni mennesker var omkommet, men senere blev dødstallet oplyst at være ti døde. Politiet kunne på daværende tidspunkt ikke fastslå, om én af de omkomne var en af gerningsmændene, som havde begået selvmord, men efter midnat blev det bekræftet af myndighederne.

Gerningsmanden blev fundet i en sidegade, omkring en kilometer fra indkøbscentret, hvor han havde begået selvmord. Han var iført lignende tøj som gerningsmanden, der blev filmet under skyderiet. Politiet har bekræftet, at det var gerningsmanden, og at han handlede alene.

Klokken 1:00 blev hele den offentlig transport i München sat i gang igen.

Ifølge tyske medier blev den 18-årige drabsmand angiveligt mobbet, især af unge tyrkiske og arabiske elever på den skole, hvor han gik. Han skal angiveligt have udtænkt en hævnplan. I følge medierne skal han angiveligt have hacket en ung tyrkisk kvindes Facebook-profil og udgivet sig for at være hende, hvilket også er blevet bekræftet af den tyske statsanklager. Fra kvindens Facebook-profil skal han angiveligt have opfordret nogle folk til at komme hen på en McDonald's restaurant i nærheden af Olympia klokken 16 med ordene: "Jeg giver jer noget, hvis I vil have det, bare det ikke er for dyrt". Og knap to timer senere startede han med at skyde mod unge mennesker på samme sted. Flere af ofrene havde anden etnisk herkomst end tysk.

Ofre
Gerningsmanden dræbte to kvindelige og seks mandlige personer i alderen 14 til 20 år samt en 45-årig kvinde. Alle ofre stammede fra München og omegn. Tre havde statsborgerskab fra Kosovo, et af ofrene var græker, tre var tyskere af tyrkisk herkomst. En 15-årig havde både tysk og ungarsk statsborgerskab.

Udover dødsofrene blev flere andre personer truffet af kugler. Andre flygtede ind i Olympia-indkøbscenteret, til Karlsplatz og ind i ølhallen Hofbräuhaus am Platzl. Politiet har registreret 27 personer, der kom til skade under skyderiet. Ti af disse var hårdt sårede, blandt disse var en 13-årig dreng.

Gerningsmanden
Klokken 0:34, sendte politiet i München en besked på Twitter, hvor de meddelte, at de mente, at de havde fundet den mistænkte, der havde handlet på egen hånd, og døde ved at skyde sig selv i hovedet. München Politi tweeted their belief that they had found the suspect, a lone gunman, who died of a self-inflicted gun wound to the head. Klokken 02:20, afholdt München Politi en pressekonference, hvor politikommisæren Hubertus Andrä bekræftede begivenhederne, og identificerede gerningsmanden som en 18-årig tysker af iransk herkomst, der både havde tysk og iransk statsborgerskab. Ifølge de første meldinger fra de tyske myndigheder, så havde gerningsmanden boet i München i over to år. Myndigherne oplyste også, at han havde ren straffeattest.

Dagen efter skyderiet oplyste politimyndighederne, at den 18-årige drabsmand var født og opvokset i München og havde både tysk og iransk statsborgerskab. Hans forældre kom til Tyskland i slutningen af 1990-erne som asylansøgere fra Iran. Den 18-årige boede sammen med sine forældre og storebror i Maxvorstadt bydelen i München; Naboer beskriver ham som genert og introvert. I hans værelse fandt politiet ved siden af bogen Amok im Kopf: Warum Schüler töten (originaltitel Why Kids Kill: Inside the Minds of School Shooters) af den amerikanske psykolog Peter Langman, også avisudklip med afsnit om masseskyderier. Han havde ikke våbenlicens. Politiet oplyser, at han købte sit skydevåben over internettet.

Ifølge politiets undersøgelser havde han forberedt angrebet i et år. Han havde formuleret et manifest herom. Politiet mener, at hans skyderi også var inspireret af en massakre i den tyske by Winnenden i 2009, hvor en 17-årig ung mand skød 15 mennesker på sin tidligere skole. Politiets efterforskning peger på, at den 18-årige var interesseret i massakren i Winnenden. For et år siden havde han besøgt stedet og taget fotos, oplyser Heimberger.

Reaktioner

Statsminister Lars Løkke Rasmussen udsendte den 22. juli dette tweet: "Igen ked af et angreb på uskyldige mennesker. En tragisk sommer i Europa. Mine tanker er med ofrene og deres familier".

Referencer

Begivenheder i 2016
Forbrydelser i Tyskland
Kriminalsager i Tyskland
München
Masseskyderier

Skyderiet i München den 22. juli 2016


Five Children and It is a children's novel by English author E. Nesbit. It was originally published in 1902 in the Strand Magazine under the general title The Psammead, or the Gifts, with a segment appearing each month from April to December. The stories were then expanded into a novel which was published the same year. It is the first volume of a trilogy that includes The Phoenix and the Carpet (1904) and The Story of the Amulet (1906). The book has never been out of print since its initial publication.

Plot
Like Nesbit's The Railway Children, the story begins when a group of children move from London to the countryside of Kent. The five children (Cyril, Anthea, Robert, Jane, and their baby brother, known as "the Lamb") are playing in a gravel pit when they uncover a rather grumpy, ugly, and occasionally malevolent Psammead, a sand-fairy with the ability to grant wishes. The Psammead persuades the children to take one wish each day to be shared among them, with the caveat that the wishes will turn to stone at sunset. This, apparently, used to be the rule in the Stone Age, when all that children wished for was food, the bones of which then became fossils. The five children's first wish is to be "as beautiful as the day." The wish ends at sunset and its effects simply vanish, leading the Psammead to observe that some wishes are too fanciful to be changed to stone.

All the wishes go comically wrong. The children wish to be beautiful, but the servants do not recognise them and shut them out of the house. They wish to be rich, then find themselves with a gravel-pit full of gold spade guineas that no shop will accept as they are no longer in circulation, so they cannot buy anything. A wish for wings seems to be going well, but at sunset the children find themselves stuck on top of a church bell tower with no way down, getting them into trouble with the gamekeeper who must take them home (though this wish has the happy side-effect of introducing the gamekeeper to the children's housemaid, who later marries him). Robert is bullied by the baker's boy, then wishes that he was bigger — whereupon he becomes eleven feet tall, and the other children show him at a travelling fair for coins. They also wish themselves into a castle, only to learn that it is being besieged, while a wish to meet real Red Indians ends with the children nearly being scalped.

The children's infant brother, the Lamb, is the victim of two wishes gone awry. In one, the children become annoyed with tending to their brother and wish that someone else would want him, leading to a situation where everyone wants the baby, and the children must fend off kidnappers and Gypsies. Later, they wish that the baby would grow up faster, causing him to grow all at once into a selfish, smug young man who promptly leaves them all behind.

Finally, the children accidentally wish that they could give a wealthy woman's jewellery to their mother, causing all the jewellery to appear in their home. It seems that the gamekeeper, who is now their friend, will be blamed for the robbery, and the children must beg the Psammead for a complex series of wishes to set things right. It agrees, on the condition that they will never ask for any more wishes. Only Anthea, who has grown close to It, makes sure that the final wish is that they will meet It again. The Psammead assures them that this wish will be granted.

Characters

The five children
 Cyril, known as Squirrel: the eldest sibling, who is brave, diplomatic, and book-smart (very intelligent)
 Anthea, known as Panther: the second eldest, who is kind, sensible, and good-hearted.
 Robert, known as Bobs: the middle child, he is a practical joker with a quick temper.
 Jane, known as Pussy: a generally agreeable little girl with a tendency to be oversensitive, she is sometimes weepy and easily frightened.
 Hilary, the baby, known as the Lamb (because his first word was "baa"). He is too young to walk and has to be carried everywhere.

The Psammead

The Psammead is described as having "eyes [that] were on long horns like a snail's eyes. It could move them in and out like telescopes; it had ears like a bat's ears, and its tubby body was shaped like a spider's and covered with thick soft fur; its legs and arms were furry too, and it had hands and feet like a monkey's" and whiskers like a rat's. When it grants wishes it stretches out its eyes, holds its breath and swells alarmingly.

The five children find the Psammead in a gravel pit, which used to be seashore. There were once many Psammeads, but the others died when they got wet and caught cold. It is the last of its kind. It is thousands of years old, and remembers pterodactyls and other ancient creatures. When the Psammeads were around they granted wishes that were then mostly for food. The wished-for objects turned into stone at sunset if they were not used that day, but this does not apply to the children's wishes because what they wish for is so much more fantastic than the wishes the Psammead granted in the past.

The word "Psammead", pronounced "sammyadd" by the children in the story, appears to be a coinage by Nesbit from the Greek ψάμμος "sand" after the pattern of dryad, naiad and oread, implicitly signifying "sand-nymph". However, its hideous appearance is unlike traditional Greek nymphs, who generally resemble beautiful maidens.

Sequels

By Nesbit
The book's ending was clearly intended to leave readers in suspense:

"They did see it [the Psammead] again, of course, but not in this story. And it was not in a sand-pit either, but in a very, very, very different place. It was in a – But I must say no more."

The children reappear in The Phoenix and the Carpet (1904) and The Story of the Amulet (1906). The Psammead is offstage in the first of these sequels (it is simply mentioned by the Phoenix, who visits it three times to ask for a helpful wish when the situation becomes difficult), but it plays a significant role in the second sequel after the children rescue it from a pet shop.
An omnibus edition of the three books titled Five Children was published in 1930. The trilogy is also known as the Psammead series.

By other authors
The Return of the Psammead (1992) by Helen Cresswell concerns another family of Edwardian children who discover the Psammead.

Four Children and It (2012) by Jacqueline Wilson is a contemporary retelling of the story in which four children from a modern stepfamily encounter the Psammead. One of the children has read the original book and wishes to meet Cyril, Anthea, Jane and Robert.

In Five Children on the Western Front (2014) by Kate Saunders, set nine years after the original story, the children encounter the horrors of the First World War.

Adaptations

Five Children and It has been adapted for television and film several times:

Television
 In 1985–86 NHK broadcast a Japanese anime version, Onegai! Samia-don. 78 episodes were produced by animation studio TMS. No English dubbed version was ever produced, but it came out in other languages.
 There have been two adaptations on British TV of the novel, both by the BBC. In 1951 a basic two part production was dramatised by Dorothea Brooking. This was only shown in the South of England and Midlands. A more lavish production was made in 1991 when the BBC turned the story into a six-part television series. It was released in the UK under the story's original title. In the USA it was released as The Sand Fairy. This was followed by The Return of the Psammead in 1993, with the Psammead the only character linking the two series. Both these series were scripted by Helen Cresswell, and Francis Wright puppeteered and voiced the Psammead. He was voiced here by the puppeteer Francis Wright.
 In 2018, as The Psammy Show, an animated series co-produced by DQ Entertainment, Method Animation and Disney Germany. This rendered the title character as a green dog-like creature.

Film
 In 2004 a film version was released, starring Freddie Highmore, Tara FitzGerald, Jonathan Bailey, Zoë Wanamaker and Kenneth Branagh, with Eddie Izzard as the voice of the Psammead.

Theatre
A stage musical adaptation by Timothy Knapman (book) and Philip Godfrey (music/lyrics) was completed in 2016.
 In 2022, it was adapted into another musical by playwright Rita Cheung Baird.

Comics
 It was also adapted as a comic strip by Henry Seabright.

Works inspired by
A wizard named Psamathos Psamathide, described as a "Psamathist" (expert in sand) appears in J.R.R. Tolkien's "Roverandom". The character, in an early draft, originally belonged to an order of "Psammeads".

References

Further reading

External links

 The 1991 TV movie
 The 2004 film
 New York, 1905 edition (scanned page images from the Library of Congress)
  The 1985–86 anime Onegai! Samia Don, Samed el duende mágico
 The Return of the Psammead 1993 sequel to Five Children and It

1902 British novels
English novels
Children's fantasy novels
Low fantasy novels
Novels by E. Nesbit
Novels set in Kent
British novels adapted into films
Works originally published in The Strand Magazine
Period television series
British television shows based on children's books
British television shows featuring puppetry
British children's fantasy television series
1902 children's books
Books illustrated by H. R. Millar
Novels set in the 1900s
Children's books set in the 1900s
Children's books set in Kent

Five Children and It


Ichthyophis kodaguensis es una especie de anfibio gimnofión de la familia Ichthyophiidae.

Se considera endémica de la India.

Sólo se conoce con certeza de Venkidds Valley Estate, 20 km al sur de Madikeri (), en el distrito de Kodagu, situado en el sur de Karnataka y en los Ghats Occidentales. Se halló allí en zona de una altitud de 1.143

Se considera que puede ocupar un territorio más amplio, y se cuenta con un espécimen procedente de una localidad sin precisar situada también en los Ghats Occidentales, en el mismo estado de Karnataka o en el de Kerala. Según comunicación personal de Gower referida en el sitio de la Lista Roja de la UICN, en el sitio de AmphibiaWeb y en el sitio de la Enciclopedia de la vida, hay aún citas de Karnataka y del norte de Kerala sometidas a comprobación.

No hay información sobre el estado de su población, ya que varios de los siete especímenes de que se dispone se obtuvieron el mismo día mediante cava.

La localidad del tipo nomenclatural, espécimen que se obtuvo mediante cava junto a un arroyuelo, es una plantación mixta destinada al café y a la nuez de areca.

Se considera de esta cecilia que, como ocurre en los casos de otras especies del género Ichthyophis, es ovípara, hace la puesta en tierra y sus larvas son acuáticas.

De esta especie, no se conocen citas procedentes de áreas protegidas. Aunque está claro que puede sobrevivir en medio agrario, se requiere más información sobre su área de distribución y sobre sus requerimientos ecológicos para poder determinar su estado de conservación y las medidas que hayan de adoptarse para su protección.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Bhatta, Dinesh, P. Prashanth y R. Srinivasa, 2011. "New site record of Ichthyophis kodaguensis Wilkinson et al., 2007 (Amphibia: Ichthyophiidae) in the Western Ghats, India" ("Cita reciente de localidad de Ichthyophis kodaguensis Wilkinson et al., 2007 (Amphibia: Ichthyophiidae) en los Ghats Occidentales (India)"). Journal of Threatened Taxa ("Periódico de taxones amenazados").
  en inglés.

 Imágenes:

kodaguensis

Ichthyophis kodaguensis


The Citigroup Centre is a building complex in London. It houses Citigroup's EMEA headquarters and is located in Canary Wharf in the city's Docklands. The centre provides  of floor space across two buildings - 33 Canada Square and 25 Canada Square, and houses the bulk of Citi's UK employee base. The buildings were separated in 2023, prior to a £100m renovation of 25 Canada square.

25 Canada Square, stands at  and, upon its completion in 2001, became the second-tallest building in the United Kingdom (only behind One Canada Square). Designed by César Pelli & Associates, construction of the 45-storey tower - undertaken by Canary Wharf Contractors - began in 1998 and was completed in 2001, with Citigroup leasing the building from the outset. The building was bought by RBS in 2004 along with 5 Canada Square (leased to Bank of America) for $1.12 billion. Subsequently, on 2 July 2007, 33 Canada Square was individually sold to a joint venture between Quinlan Private and PropInvest for £1 billion (US$2 billion). Citigroup paid £46.5 million a year in rent for the tower, generating a yield of 4.6% to the owners. Citi later bought the tower in £1bn in 2019. The east facing side of 25 Canada Square up to level 40 is configured for use by tenants.

33 Canada Square, is the smaller of the two buildings in the complex, designed by Norman Foster and completed in 1999, two years before its neighbour. At  tall, the building is made up of eighteen floors. The building is owned by Citigroup, and was built before the completion of the Jubilee line extension in late 1999.

In addition to main entrances from both Canada Square and Upper Bank Street, Citigroup Centre is also accessible via underground walkways from Canada Place shopping mall and Canary Wharf London Underground station - served by the Jubilee line. The Centre is also close to DLR stations Canary Wharf and Heron Quays, which provide connections with the City, London City Airport and surrounding areas.

See also
List of tallest buildings and structures in London
List of tallest buildings and structures in Great Britain

References

Skyscrapers in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Canary Wharf buildings
Citigroup buildings
César Pelli buildings
Skyscraper office buildings in London

Citigroup Centre, London


Republika Hrvatska i Sjedinjene Meksičke Države održavaju diplomatske odnose od 6. prosinca 1992. Sjedište veleposlanstva je u Washingtonu.

Veleposlanici
Hrvatska nema rezidentno veleposlanstvo u Meksiku. Veleposlanstvo Republike Hrvatske u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama pokriva Sjedinjene Meksičke Države, Savezne Države Mikronezije i Republike Maršalove Otoke, Palau i Panamu.

Vidi još
Ministarstvo vanjskih i europskih poslova Republike Hrvatske

Vanjske poveznice
 Meksiko na stranici MVEP-a

Izvori

Meksiko

Popis hrvatskih veleposlanika u Meksiku


Jaka Hvala (* 15. Juli 1993 in Ponikve) ist ein ehemaliger slowenischer Skispringer. Sein bisher größter Erfolg ist der Doppelsieg (Einzel- und Mannschaftswettbewerb) bei den Junioren-Weltmeisterschaften 2013 im tschechischen Liberec.

Werdegang
Erstmals internationales Aufsehen erregte Hvala, als er sich beim Europäischen Olympischen Winter-Jugendfestival 2009 im polnischen Szczyrk mit dem slowenischen Team um Peter Prevc die Goldmedaille im Mannschaftswettbewerb ersprang. Bei den Junioren-Weltmeisterschaften 2010 in Hinterzarten gewann er mit der slowenischen Equipe die Silbermedaille im Mannschaftsspringen.

Am 27. Dezember 2011 konnte er im schweizerischen Engelberg mit Platz zwei erstmals auf das Podium bei einem Continental Cup springen. Knapp einen Monat später konnte er am 20. Januar 2012 im polnischen Zakopane gleich bei seinem Weltcupdebüt als 29. seine ersten beiden Weltcuppunkte erspringen. Bei den Junioren-Weltmeisterschaften auf der Kiremitliktepe im türkischen Erzurum errang er im Februar 2012 hinter seinem Landsmann Nejc Dežman die Silbermedaille im Einzelspringen. Am 4. März 2012 sprang er beim im finnischen Lahti als Neunter erstmals in die Top-Ten eines Weltcupspringens.

Bei den slowenischen Meisterschaften von der Normalschanze am 6. Oktober 2012 in Kranj sprang Hvala als Zweiter erstmals auf das Podest der nationalen Titelkämpfe. Acht Tage später konnte er dieses Ergebnis auf der neuerbauten Großschanze in Planica wiederholen. Am 30. November 2012 sprang er beim ersten Mannschaftsspringen der Saison 2012/13 im finnischen Kuusamo mit der slowenischen Equipe auf den dritten Rang und erreichte damit sein erstes Weltcuppodium. Am 15. Dezember 2012 erreichte er mit Platz fünf auf der Gross-Titlis-Schanze in Engelberg sein bis dahin bestes Einzelergebnis im Weltcup. Seinen ersten Weltcupsieg mit der slowenischen Mannschaft konnte er am 11. Januar 2013 im polnischen Zakopane erringen. Wenige Wochen später, am 24. Januar 2013, sprang Hvala im tschechischen Liberec souverän zum Titel des Junioren-Weltmeisters. Zwei Tage später gewann er mit der slowenischen Equipe auch das Mannschaftsspringen. Am 13. Februar 2013 sprang Jaka Hvala im Rahmen der FIS-Team-Tour 2013 in Klingenthal zu seinem ersten Einzelweltcupsieg. Bei den Nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2013 in Val di Fiemme belegte er in den Einzelspringen die Plätze 22 von der Normalschanze und 25 von der Großschanze. Mit dem slowenischen Mixed-Team wurde er Achter von der Normalschanze und mit der slowenischen Mannschaft wurde er Sechster von der Großschanze. Er beendete die Saison mit 480 Punkten als 16. des Gesamtweltcups und erzielte damit sein bis dato bestes Ergebnis.

Zum Auftakt der Saison 2013/14 gewann Hvala mit dem slowenischen Team das Mannschaftsspringen in Klingenthal. Im Laufe der Saison erreichte er in den Einzelweltcups nie die besten zehn und kam nicht über Platz zwölf in Engelberg hinaus. In mehreren Wettbewerben verpasste er sogar den Finaldurchgang. Im Gesamtweltcup belegte er mit 84 Punkten den 50. Rang. In der Saison 2014/15 sprang er überwiegend im Continental Cup. Er erreichte dabei zwei Podestplatzierungen als Zweiter in Planica und Titisee-Neustadt sowie weitere Top-Ten-Platzierungen. Er belegte in der Winter-COC-Gesamtwertung den fünften Rang. Ab März 2015 gehörte er dann wieder zur Weltcup-Mannschaft. Bei seinen wenigen Einsätzen verpasste er aber immer die Punkteränge oder er scheiterte bereits in der Qualifikation.

Zu Beginn der Saison 2015/16 sprang er erneut im Continental Cup. Am 24. Januar 2016 erzielte er auf der Großschanze in Sapporo seinen ersten COC-Sieg, nachdem er an den beiden Tagen zuvor schon die Plätze drei und zwei belegte. Nach den COC-Wettbewerben in Sapporo sprang er für den Rest der Saison im Weltcup. Er erreichte dabei mehrfach die Punkteränge mit Platz 20 beim Skifliegen in Vikersund als beste Saisonplatzierung. Im Gesamtweltcup landete er mit 46 Punkten auf dem 46. Rang. In der Saison 2016/17 sprang er während der ersten Stationen noch im Weltcup. Er schaffte es aber nur einmal die Qualifikation für einen Einzelwettbewerb, den er als 49. beendete. Deshalb ging er ab Januar 2017 bis zum Ende der Saison wieder im COC an den Start. Dabei erreichte er zwei Podestplatzierungen als jeweils Zweiter bei den Springen in Erzurum.

Am 19. Mai 2017 zog sich Hvala im Rahmen des ersten Training für die neue Saison 2017/18 eine schwere Knieverletzung zu. Er verpasste daraufhin die komplette Saison 2017/18.

Im Winter 2018/19 trat Hvala vorrangig im Continental Cup an, wo er im März 2019 in Zakopane Zweiter hinter Aleksander Zniszczoł wurde. Daraufhin feierte Hvala beim Skifliegen im heimischen Planica seine Rückkehr in den Weltcup, verpasste mit dem 38. Platz jedoch die Punkteränge.

Im August 2020 gab Hvala sein Karriereende bekannt.

Erfolge

Weltcupsiege im Einzel

Weltcupsiege im Team

Continental-Cup-Siege im Einzel

Statistik

Weltcup-Platzierungen

Grand-Prix-Platzierungen

Continental-Cup-Platzierungen

Weblinks

 Jaka Hvala auf berkutschi.com
 Jaka Hvala in der Datenbank von wyniki-skoki.hostingasp.pl (polnisch)

Einzelnachweise

Skispringer (Slowenien)
Junioren-Weltmeister (Skispringen)
Slowene
Geboren 1993
Mann

Jaka Hvala


Stanytsia Louhanska (en ukrainien  ; en russe , Stanitsa Louganskaïa) est une commune urbaine sur les rives de la Severski Donets, dans l'oblast de Louhansk, à l'est de l'Ukraine. Elle compte  en 2021.

Stanytsia Louhanska est l'une des deux fondations locales des Cosaques du Don au sein de l'Ukraine contemporaine.

Géographie
Stanytsia Louhanska est située sur la rive gauche du Donets et se trouve à  au nord-est de Louhansk, la capitale régionale.

Histoire
Le , la ville est investie par les séparatistes pro-russes de la république populaire de Lougansk proclamée l'avant-veille.

Le , Stanytsia Louhanska fait l'objet d' qui détruit une zone résidentielle, tuant entre neuf et vingt-six civils et en blessant au moins onze autres. Les forces armées ukrainiennes nient avoir conduit des frappes dans la zone et accusent les séparatistes ukrainiens de l'avoir accidentellement bombardée en visant un de leurs postes de contrôle avec leur artillerie. Enfin, une théorie relayée sur les médias sociaux affirme que le bombardement est une opération sous faux drapeau de l'armée de l'air russe destinée à alimenter la propagande anti-ukrainienne.

Le , Stanytsia Louhanska est reprise par l'armée de terre ukrainienne après quatre jours d'intenses combats à l'intérieur même de la ville.

Le , le pont sur le Severski Donets qui traverse la ville est soufflé par une explosion. Séparatistes pro-russes et autorités ukrainiennes s'accusent mutuellement de sa destruction.

Dans la nuit du  au , la statue de Lénine de la ville est détruite. Cet événement intervient une semaine après que la Rada a adoptée une série de lois visant la décommunisation du pays.

Pendant la guerre du Donbass, Stanytsia Louhanska est désertée par la majorité de sa population en raison de sa proximité avec la ligne de front. Au , il ne reste que  sur les  que la ville comptait avant le conflit. À partir de 2016, une relative accalmie permet à la ville de se repeupler au point de compter  au .

Fin , l'armée de terre ukrainienne et la milice populaire de la république populaire de Lougansk se retirent de la zone autour de Stanytsia Louhanska. .

Le , après des mois de travaux, la reconstruction du pont sur le Severski Donets est achevée. Le , il fait l'objet d'une inspection de la part du président ukrainien Volodymyr Zelensky.

Le , une école maternelle de Stanytsia Louhanska est victime d'un tir d'obus qui blesse trois membres du personnel et coupe l'électricité du bâtiment. Étant donné que la partie touchée est le mur de la salle de musique situé au sud de l'établissement, le journaliste de Bellingcat, Eliot Higgins, affirme que le tir ne peut venir que des territoires contrôlés par les séparatistes. Il est suivi en cela par le ministre ukrainien des Affaires étrangères Dmytro Kouleba qui annonce lors d'une conférence de presse que Kiev fera tout pour . Ces dires sont cependant contestés par le représentant officiel de la milice populaire de la RPL, Ivan Filiponenko, qui déclare de son côté : .

Le , soit au surlendemain de l'invasion russe de l'Ukraine, la milice populaire de la RPL s'empare de Stanytsia Louhanska qui repasse donc sous l'autorité de la république populaire de Lougansk pour la première fois depuis sept ans et demi.

Le , le  porte plainte pour trahison contre le maire Albert Zinchenko et ses deux adjoints, les accusant d'avoir volontairement remis Stanytsia Louhanska à l'ennemi.

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Oblast de Louhansk

Liens externes

Références

Guerre du Donbass
Commune urbaine dans l'oblast de Louhansk

Stanytsia Louhanska


In the mathematical field of graph theory, a  vertex-transitive graph is a graph  in which, given any two vertices  and  of , there is some automorphism

such that

In other words, a graph is vertex-transitive if its automorphism group acts transitively on its vertices. A graph is vertex-transitive if and only if its graph complement is, since the group actions are identical.

Every symmetric graph without isolated vertices is vertex-transitive, and every vertex-transitive graph is regular. However, not all vertex-transitive graphs are symmetric (for example, the edges of the truncated tetrahedron), and not all regular graphs are vertex-transitive (for example, the Frucht graph and Tietze's graph).

Finite examples

Finite vertex-transitive graphs include the symmetric graphs (such as the Petersen graph, the Heawood graph and the vertices and edges of the Platonic solids).  The finite Cayley graphs (such as cube-connected cycles) are also vertex-transitive, as are the vertices and edges of the Archimedean solids (though only two of these are symmetric). Potočnik, Spiga and Verret have constructed a census of all connected cubic vertex-transitive graphs on at most 1280 vertices.

Although every Cayley graph is vertex-transitive, there exist other vertex-transitive graphs that are not Cayley graphs. The most famous example is the Petersen graph, but others can be constructed including the line graphs of edge-transitive non-bipartite graphs with odd vertex degrees.

Properties
The edge-connectivity of a vertex-transitive graph is equal to the degree d, while the vertex-connectivity will be at least 2(d + 1)/3.
If the degree is 4 or less, or the graph is also edge-transitive, or the graph is a minimal Cayley graph, then the vertex-connectivity will also be equal to d.

Infinite examples
Infinite vertex-transitive graphs include:
 infinite paths (infinite in both directions)
 infinite regular trees, e.g. the Cayley graph of the free group
 graphs of uniform tessellations (see a complete list of planar tessellations), including all tilings by regular polygons
 infinite Cayley graphs
 the Rado graph

Two countable vertex-transitive graphs are called quasi-isometric if the ratio of their distance functions is bounded from below and from above.  A well known conjecture stated that every infinite vertex-transitive graph is quasi-isometric to a Cayley graph.  A counterexample was proposed by Diestel and Leader in 2001.  In 2005, Eskin, Fisher, and Whyte confirmed the counterexample.

See also
 Edge-transitive graph
 Lovász conjecture
 Semi-symmetric graph
 Zero-symmetric graph

References

External links

A census of small connected cubic vertex-transitive graphs . Primož Potočnik, Pablo Spiga, Gabriel Verret, 2012.

Graph families
Algebraic graph theory
Regular graphs

Vertex-transitive graph


Bretteville may refer to:

Places
 in the Manche département, France:
 Bretteville, Manche
 Bretteville-sur-Ay
 in the Calvados département, France:
 Bretteville-sur-Dives
 Bretteville-sur-Laize
 Bretteville-sur-Odon
 Bretteville-le-Rabet
 Bretteville-l'Orgueilleuse
 in the Seine-Maritime département, France:
 Bretteville-du-Grand-Caux
 Bretteville-Saint-Laurent
 Varneville-Bretteville

People
 Bretteville family
 Alma de Bretteville Spreckels (1881–1968), an American socialite and philanthropist
 Christian Zetlitz Bretteville (1800–1871), a Norwegian politician
 Sheila Levrant de Bretteville (living), an American graphic designer, artist and educator

Norman-language surnames
Surnames of French origin

Bretteville


Florian Vermeersch (Gante, Bélgica, 12 de março de 1999) é um ciclista profissional belga que compete com a equipa Lotto Soudal.

Trajetória
Começou competindo em ciclocross, até que em agosto de 2018 decidiu passar ao ciclismo em estrada. a 1 de junho de 2020 converteu-se em profissional ao assinar com o Lotto Soudal e ao ano seguinte participou em sua primeira Grande Volta ao tomar a saída da Volta a Espanha. Essa mesma temporada conseguiu a medalha de bronze na contrarrelógio sub-23 do Campeonato Mundial e finalizou segundo na Paris-Roubaix.

Palmarés
 2021
 3.º no Campeonato Mundial Contrarrelógio sub-23

 2022
 Antwerp Port Epic

Resultados em Grandes Voltas

—: não participaAb.: abandono

Equipas
  Pauwels Sauzen-Vastgoedservice Continental Team (2018)
  Lotto Soudal (2020-)

Referências

Ligações externas

 Ficha em Cyclocross24

Ciclistas da Bélgica

Florian Vermeersch


An Dracula radiosyndactyla in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Carlyle August Luer. An Dracula radiosyndactyla in nahilalakip ha genus nga Dracula, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Dracula

Dracula radiosyndactyla


María Isabel Diez de la Lastra Barbadillo (n. Madrid, 1944) es una política española. Posee una licenciatura en filosofía y letras, habiendo sido diputada por la circunscripción electoral de la provincia de Alicante, del Partido Popular de la Comunidad Valenciana, a las elecciones generales de España de 1996 y en las de 2000.

Iniciativas como diputada
- Fecha prevista para la transposición de la Directiva 97/11/CE por la que se modifica la Directiva 85/337/CEE relativa a la evolución de las repercusionesde determinados proyectos públicos y privados sobre el medio ambiente.

- Objetivos previstos por el Director General del Ente Público Radiotelevisión Española.

- Inclusión entre los objetivos de la programación de Radiotelevisión Española.

- Características del espacio "España en Comunidad", elaborado por los centros territoriales de Televisión Española.

- Previsiones del Ministerio de Medio Ambiente en cuanto a la mejora de la calidad del agua del río Segura, como consecuencia de las actuaciones que llevan a cabo en el marco del Plan Global para la Recuperación Ambiental del río Segura.

Honores
 2002: vicepresidenta segunda de la Comisión mixta de los derechos de la mujer, III Foro Euromediterráneo de Mujeres Parlamentarias.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Su ficha en el Congreso de los Diputados

Políticos de la provincia de Alicante
Diputados por la provincia de Alicante
Diputados de la VI Legislatura de España
Diputados de la VII Legislatura de España
Nacidos en Madrid

Isabel Díez de la Lastra Barbadillo


Der Zee CITY S ist ein Elektroauto der Marke Zee (Zero Emission Earth). Es wird in China von Shifeng Motors produziert und in der Provinz Hunan vertrieben.

Details

Der Vorgänger des Zee CITY S wurde in China im Jahr 2011 ca. 30.000 Mal verkauft. Das Modell wurde im Jahr 2012 in Salzburg der Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt und ist ab August 2012 in Europa erhältlich. Eines der Ziele ist es, Elektromobilität für den "normalen Arbeiter" erschwinglich zu machen. Das Modell bietet fünf Personen Platz. Ab 2015 soll auch ein Modell mit Geschwindigkeiten von bis zu 100 km/h auf den Markt kommen. Batterien gibt es in diversen Versionen. Die Zielgruppe sind Stadtbewohner.

Weblinks
Offizielle Webseite der Europavertretung - myZee Europe
Offizielle Webseite des Herstellers Shifeng Motors

Kleinstwagen
Kombilimousine
Elektroautomodell

MyZee Europe


Ilbono (sardisk: Irbòno) er en by og en kommune (comune) i provinsen Nuoro i regionen Sardinien i Italien. Byen ligger i 400 meters højde og har 2.252 indbyggere (2016). Kommunen har et areal på 31,13 km² og grænser til kommunerne Arzana, Bari Sardo, Elini, Lanusei, Loceri og Tortolì.

Referencer

Henvisninger

Kommuner i provinsen Nuoro

Ilbono


ලංකාවේ පළමු පුවත්පත colombo jurnol වේ.(1832).ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පළමු සිංහල පුවත්පත බුලත්ගම ධර්මාලංකාර හිමිගේ මූලිකත්වයෙන් පල කළ  "ලංකාලෝකය"(1860) වේ.නමුත් මෙය රාජ්‍ය ලේඛනාගාරයේ ලියාපදිංචි වූ පුවත්පතක් නොවේ.ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ රාජ්‍ය ලේඛනාගාරයේ ලියාපදිංචි මුල්ම පුවත්පත වන්නේ "ලක්මිණි පහන"(1962) පුවත්පත වේ.මෙහි කතුවරයා වන්නේ කොග්ගල ප්‍රඟ්දාශේඛර පඬිතුමාය.

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පළමු සඟරාව වන්නේ,1832දී පළවූ "මාසික තෑග්ග" වේ.පසුව 1840දී "ලංකා නිධානය" සඟරාව පළ විය.

බෞද්ධ පුනර්ජීවන ව්‍යාපාරය යටතේ බිහි වූ පුවත්පත්-

 ලක්මිණි පහන(1862)
 ලක්රිවි කිරණ(1864)
 සරසවි සඳරැස(1880)
 සිංහල ජාතිය(1902)
 සිංහල බෞද්ධයා(1906)

සිංහල  පුවත්පත්

දෙමළ පුවත්පත්

ඉංග්‍රීසි පුවත්පත්
 ඩේලි නිවුස් - රාජ්‍ය-අයිතිය, දිනපතා
 ද සන්ඩේ ඔබ්සවර් - රාජ්‍ය-අයිතිය, සතිපතා
 ඩේලි මිරර් - විජය-අයිතිය, දිනපතා
 ද සන්ඩේ ටයිම්ස් - විජය-අයිතිය, සතිපතා
 දි  අයිලන්ඩ් - උපාලි-අයිතිය, දිනපතා
 ද සන්ඩේ ලීඩර් පෞද්ගලික අයිතිය, සතිපතා
 ද නේෂන්- රිවිර මීඩියා කෝපරේෂන්, සතිපතා
 ද මෝනිං ලීඩර්  - පෞද්ගලික අයිතිය, සතිපතා
 ලක්බිම නිවුස්  - සුමති නිවුස් පේපර්ස්, සතිපතා
 ද බොටම් ලයින්  - රිවිර මීඩියා කෝපරේෂන්, සතිමැද සතිපතා
 ද කලම්බු පෝස්ට් - අඟහරුවාදා පමණයි
ලංකා බිස්නස් ඔන්ලයින්-ව්‍යාපාරික පුවත් - දිනපතා

මූලාශ්‍ර

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කෙරෙන පුවත්පත්
 ජනමාධ්‍ය

ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පුවත්පත් ලැයිස්තුව


Nagrada Branko Ćopić srbijanska je književna nagrada koju dodjeljuje Zaklada Branka Ćopića, osnovana 1989. željom dr. Bogdanke Ilić Ćopić, supruge književnika i akademika Branka Ćopića, sa sjedištem u Srpski akademiji nauka i umjetnosti. Cilj osnivanja Zaklade je nagrađivanje pisaca za djela napisana i objavljena na srpskom jeziku.

Dodjeljuju se dvije nagrade, za prozu i za pjesništvo, svake godine za djela visoke umjetničke vrijednosti. Članovi Zaklade biraju se iz reda Odjela jezika i književnosti SANU-a za članove žirija pri dodjeli nagrada.

Dobitnici

Izvori

Srbijanske književne nagrade

Nagrada Branko Ćopić


Faun er en tysk folkemusikgruppe, der blev dannet i 1998. Deres musikstil baserer sig på "gamle" instrumenter, og sang er altid en vigtig del af deres kompositioner. Teksterne bliver sunget på flere forskellige sprog heriblandt tysk, latin, græsk og skandinaviske sprog. Deres instrumenter inkluderer keltisk harpe, nøgleharpe, drejelire, sækkepibe, cister og mange andre. I 2017 spillede gruppen for første gang i Tjekkiet på MeetFactory.

Medlemmer
 Oliver Sa Tyr – vokal, bouzouki, nøgleharpe, keltisk harpe, jødeharpe
 Fiona Rüggeberg – vokal, fløjter, sækkepibe, seljefløjte
 Rüdiger Maul – tar, riq, davul, panriqello, darabukka, timbau, gaxixi og andre percussioninstrumenter
 Niel Mitra – Sequencer, sampler, synthesizer, FL Studio, Buzz, Logic Audio, tascam us 224, boss dr 202, Korg Alpha
 Stephan Groth – vokal, drejelire, fløjter, cister
 Laura Fella - vokal, rammetromme, mandola

Tidligere medlemmer
 Elisabeth Pawelke (2001–2008) – vokal, drejelire
 Birgit Muggenthaler (1998–2000, medlem af det tyske band Schandmaul) – tin whistle|whistle, sækkepibe, shawm, vokal
 Sandra Elflein (2008–2010) – vokal, violin, drejelire
 Rairda (2010-2012) – vokal, harpe, fløjter, percussion, drejelire
 Sonja Drakulich – vokal, dulcimer, percussion
 Katja Moslehner – vokal, percussion

Diskografi

— Angiver at albummet ikke nåede hitlisterne.

Live albums
 FAUN & The Pagan Folk Festival – Live feat. Sieben & In Gowan Ring (2008)

DVD
 Lichtbilder (DVD, 2004)
 Ornament (DVD, 2008)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Musikgrupper fra 1998
Musikgrupper fra Tyskland
Folkemusikgrupper

Faun (band)


Fridrik III. Krčki (?, druga polovica 13. st. - ?, nakon 29. travnja 1333.), hrvatski velikaš; krčki knez te vlasnik Modruša, Vinodola, Senja, Drežnika i Slunja iz obitelji knezova Krčkih kasnije prozvane Frankopani. Bio je moćan velikaš i vrlo aktivan u političkom životu Kraljevine Hrvatske i Dalmacije te Istre.

Bio je jedini sin krćkog kneza Dujma II. († 1317.). Oko 1308. sudjeluje u izmirenju između Krka i Rabljana koji su bili napali i poharali otok Krk. Spominje se 1315. godine zajedno s ocem Dujmom II. kao trajni gospodar grada Senja. Godine 1319. položio je prisegu vjeronosti Mlečanima te je dobio od njih dio Krčkog kneštva koji je dotada pripadao knezu Vidu V., sinu Ivana III., nakon čega je Fridrik III. preuzeo vodstvo u obitelji i ušao u savez s Habsburgovcima.

Godine 1322. stao je na stranu hrvatsko-ugarskog kralja Karla I. Anžuvinca (1301.-1342.) u sukobu protiv nasljednog hrvatskog i bosanskog bana Mladena II. Bribirskog (1312.-1322.), na što mu je kralj potvrdio posjed Modruša i Vinodola te tobožnju darovnicu iz 1260. godine za grad Senj. Iduće godine dobio je od kralja Drežničku županiju i grad Slunj te potvrdu ranije darovnice.

Godine 1326. Fridrik III. je pomogao, zajedno s knezovima bribirskim, banu čitave Slavonije Mikcu Mihaljeviću slomiti otpor pobunjenih hrvatskih i slavonskih velikaša na čelu s Babonićima, Kurjakovićima i Nelipićima. Međutim, kada je na području između Cetine i Zrmanje prevladao mletački utjecaj, Fridrik III. je prešao u suprotni tabor i suprotstavio se kralju Karlu I.

Sljedeće godine upleo se u događaje u Istri gdje su se sukobljavali interesi Venecije i Akvilejske patrijaršije te je pomogao grad Pulu u sukobu protiv Mlečana. Godine 1331. spominje se kao načelnik grada Mugggia, a godinu kasnije Mlečani traže pomoć od njega u rješavanja problema grada Kožljaka u Istri.

Njegove naslove i posjede nasljedili su njegovi sinovi Bartol VII. i Dujam III.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Fridrik III. Franakapan - Hrvatski biografski leksikon

Hrvatsko plemstvo
Frankapani

Fridrik III. Krčki (Frankapan)


Mantrap este un film de comedie american din 1926 regizat de Victor Fleming. În rolurile principale joacă actorii Clara Bow, Percy Marmont, Ernest Torrence, Ford Sterling și Eugene Pallette.

Distribuție
 Clara Bow - Alverna
 Ernest Torrence - Joe Easter
 Ford Sterling - Character
 Percy Mamont - Ralph Prescott
 Eugene Pallette - E. Wesson Woodbury

Referințe

Legături externe

UCLA Film & Television Archive
Mantrap (1926) at silentera.com
Clara Bow
Still at silentfilmstillarchive.com

Filme din 1926
Filme în limba engleză
Filme de comedie din anii 1920
Filme americane
Filme de comedie americane
Ecranizări de romane americane
Filme regizate de Victor Fleming
Filme Paramount Pictures
Filme de comedie

Mantrap (film din 1926)


La Copa del Generalísimo de Fútbol de 1947 fue la edición número 43 de la competición de Copa en España. La conquistó el Real Madrid C. F., en lo que fue su noveno título copero. Se disputó desde el 20 de abril de 1947 hasta el 22 de junio del mismo año. Los participantes fueron los 14 equipos de Primera División y los 14 de Segunda.

Primera Ronda

Se disputó en eliminatoria a doble partido: la ida se jugó el 20 de abril de 1947 y la vuelta el 24 del mismo mes. Atlético de Bilbao, C.F. Barcelona, Real Santander S.D., CD Málaga quedaron exentos de jugar esta ronda. Los partidos de desempate de las eliminatorias C.D. Castellón - Real Sociedad de Fútbol y Valencia C. F. - C.D. Alcoyano se disputaron en Madrid el 29 de abril.

Octavos de final
1
Se disputó en eliminatoria a doble partido: la ida se jugó el 4 de mayo y la vuelta el 8 del mismo mes. Todos excepto la eliminatoria entre el RCD Córdoba - Real Murcia CF, que se jugaría la ida el 28 de abril y la vuelta el 4 de mayo. Los partidos de desempate de las eliminatorias Valencia - Celta de Vigo y Real Santander - Gimnástico de Tarragona se disputaron en Madrid el 13 de mayo el primero y en Barcelona el 14 de mayo el segundo.

Cuartos de final

La segunda ronda se disputó a doble partido: la ida el 18 de mayo y la vuelta el 25 de mayo.

Semifinales

Se disputaron los partidos de ida el 1 de junio y los de vuelta el 8 de junio.

Final

Enlaces externos
 Base de datos de Linguasport
 Hemeroteca de El Mundo Deportivo
 Hemeroteca de Abc
 Hemeroteca de La Vanguardia

1947
Temporada 1946-47 de fútbol en España

Copa del Generalísimo de fútbol 1947


Shoji Ikitsu (født 20. maj 1977) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Avispa Fukuoka og Sagan Tosu.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Shoji Ikitsu


Blended learning or hybrid learning, also known as technology-mediated instruction, web-enhanced instruction, or mixed-mode instruction, is an approach to education that combines online educational materials and opportunities for interaction online with physical place-based classroom methods.

Blended learning requires the physical presence of both teacher and student, with some elements of student control over time, place, path, or pace. While students still attend brick-and-mortar schools with a teacher present, face-to-face classroom practices are combined with computer-mediated activities regarding content and delivery. It is also used in professional development and training settings.

Since blended learning is highly context-dependent, a universal conception of it is difficult. Some reports have claimed that a lack of consensus on a hard definition of blended learning has led to difficulties in research on its effectiveness. A well-cited 2013 study broadly defined blended learning as a mixture of online and in-person delivery where the online portion effectively replaces some of the face-to-face contact time rather than supplementing it.

Additionally, a 2015 meta-analysis that historically looked  back at a comprehensive review of evidence-based research studies around blended learning, found commonalities in defining that blended learning was "considered a combination of physical f2f [face to face] modes of instruction with online modes of learning, drawing on technology-mediated instruction, where all participants in the learning process are separated by distance some of the time." This report also found that all of these evidence-based studies concluded that student achievement was higher in blended learning experiences when compared to either fully online or fully face-to-face learning experiences.

"Blended learning" is sometimes used in the same breath as "personalized learning" and differentiated instruction.

Terminology
The terms "blended learning", "hybrid learning", "technology-mediated instruction", "web-enhanced instruction", and "mixed-mode instruction" are often used interchangeably in research literature.

Although the concepts behind blended learning first developed in the 1960s, the formal terminology to describe it did not take its current form until the late 1990s. One of the earliest uses of the term appears in a 1999 press release, in which the Interactive Learning Centers, an Atlanta-based education business, announced a change of name to EPIC Learning. The release mentions that "The Company currently operates 220 on-line courses, but will begin offering its Internet courseware using the company's Blended Learning methodology."

The term "blended learning" was initially vague, encompassing a wide variety of technologies and pedagogical methods in varying combinations (some making no use of technology whatsoever). In 2006, the term became more concrete with the publication of the first Handbook of Blended Learning by Bonk and Graham. Graham challenged the breadth and ambiguity of the term's definition, and defined "blended learning systems" as learning systems that "combine face-to-face instruction with computer mediated instruction".

In a report titled "Defining Blended Learning", researcher Norm Friesen suggests that, in its current form, blended learning "designates the range of possibilities presented by combining Internet and digital media with established classroom forms that require the physical co‐presence of teacher and students".

History
Technology-based training emerged as an alternative to instructor-led training in the 1960s on mainframes and mini-computers. The major advantage that blended learning offers is scale, whereas one instructor can only teach so many people.

One example is PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations), a system developed by the University of Illinois and Control Data. PLATO in particular had a long history of innovations and offered coursework from elementary to the college level. Mainframe-based training had a number of interface limitations that gave way to satellite-based live video in the 1970s. The advantage here was serving people who were not as computer literate. The major challenge was the expense required to make this work.

In the early 1990s, CD-ROMs emerged as a dominant form of providing technology-based learning as bandwidth through 56k modems wasn't able to support very high quality sound and video. The limitation to CD-ROMs was tracking completion of coursework, so learning management systems emerged as a way to facilitate progress tracking. The aviation industry used this heavily to track how well one did on courses, how much time was spent, and where someone left off. AICC, Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee, was formed in 1988 and companies such as Boeing used CD-ROMs to provide training for personnel.

Modern blended learning is delivered online, although CD-ROMs could feasibly still be used if a learning management system meets an institution's standards. Some examples of channels through which online blending learning can be delivered include webcasting (synchronous and asynchronous) and online video (live and recorded).

Solutions such as Khan Academy have been used in classrooms to serve as platforms for blended learning.

Models
There is little consensus on the definition of blended learning. Some academic studies have suggested it is a redundant term. However, there are distinct blended learning models suggested by some researchers and educational think-tanks. These models include:

Face-to-face driver – where the teacher drives the instruction and augments with digital tools.
Rotation – students cycle through a schedule of independent online study and face-to-face classroom time.
Flex – Most of the curriculum is delivered via a digital platform and teachers are available for face-to-face consultation and support.
Labs – All of the curriculum is delivered via a digital platform but in a consistent physical location. Students usually take physical classes in this model as well.
Self-blend – Students choose to augment their physical learning with online course work.
Online driver – Students complete an entire course through an online platform with possible teacher check-ins. All curriculum and teaching is delivered via a digital platform and face-to-face meetings are scheduled or made available if necessary.

It is important to note that even blended learning models can be blended together and many implementations use some, many, or even all of these as dimensions of larger blended learning strategy. These models, for the most part, are not mutually exclusive.

There are many components that can comprise a blended learning model, including "instructor-delivered content, e-learning, webinars, conference calls, live or online sessions with instructors, and other media and events, for example, Facebook, e-mail, chat rooms, blogs, podcasting, Twitter, YouTube, Skype and web boards".

Advantages
Blended instruction is reportedly more effective than purely face-to-face or purely online classes. Blended learning methods can also result in high levels of student achievement more effective than face-to-face learning.

By using a combination of digital instruction and one-on-one face time, students can work on their own with new concepts which frees teachers up to circulate and support individual students who may need individualized attention. "Rather than playing to the lowest common denominator – as they would in a physical classroom – teachers can now streamline their instruction to help all students reach their full potential."

Proponents of blended learning argue that incorporating the "asynchronous Internet communication technology" into higher education courses serves to "facilitate a simultaneous independent and collaborative learning experience".

This incorporation is a major contributor to student satisfaction and success in such courses. The use of information and communication technologies have been found to improve student attitudes towards learning.

By incorporating information technology into class projects, communication between lecturers and part-time students has improved, and students were able to better evaluate their understanding of course material via the use of "computer-based qualitative and quantitative assessment modules".

Blended learning also has the potential to reduce educational expenses, although some dispute that blended learning is inherently less expensive than physical classroom learning.

Blended learning can lower costs by putting classrooms in the online space and it essentially replaces pricey textbooks with electronic devices that students often bring themselves to class.  E-textbooks, which can be accessed digitally, may also help to drive down textbook budgets. Proponents of blended learning cite the opportunity for data collection and customization of instruction and assessment as two major benefits of this approach.

Blended learning often includes software that automatically collects student data and measures academic progress, providing teachers, students and parents detailed students data. Often, tests are automatically scored, providing instantaneous feedback.  Student logins and work times are also measured to ensure accountability. Schools with blended learning programs may also choose to reallocate resources to boost student achievement outcomes.

Students with special talents or interests outside of the available curricula use educational technology to advance their skills or exceed grade restrictions. Blended learning allows for personalized education, replacing the model where a teacher stands in front of the classroom and everyone is expected to stay at the same pace.  "Blended learning allows students to work at their own pace, making sure they fully understand new concepts before moving on."

A classroom environment that incorporates blended learning naturally requires learners to demonstrate more autonomy, self-regulation, and independence in order to succeed. If teachers offer a form of initial program orientation before introducing blended learning strategies, it can better prepare students to feel confident navigating the different components and developing a stronger sense of independence.

Blended learning plays an important role to prime students' learning and to then maximise in-person opportunities and resources.

Some online institutions connect students with instructors via web conference technology to form a digital classroom. These institutions borrow many of the technologies that have popularized online courses at the university level. Some advantages of blended learning, particularly at a Kindergarten to grade 12 level of education, can be found under the general concept of educational technology. It is also one of the most effective ways for personalized learning at scale.

Blended learning supports the use of standards as a way to manage quality and ease of use.  This includes multiple kinds of standards: interoperability standards like the SIF specification from A4L or the Learning Tools Interoperability specification from IMS Global Consortium or academic standards like state standards and Common Core State Standards, which encourage integration of technology into a variety of subjects.

A learning management system, or federation of systems,  helps develop a better feel for an online community where discussions can be held to better aid students.

This virtual learning environment helps connect professors with students without physically being present, thus making this a 'virtual cafe'. Many schools use this online tool for online classes, classwork, question & answer forums, and other school related work. Blended learning yielded positive results from the online community. Such results were compared and showed similar results from that of Alcoholics Anonymous and Weight Watchers.

The advantages of blended learning are dependent on the quality of the programs being implemented. Some indicators of excellent blended learning programs are "facilitating student learning, communicating ideas effectively, demonstrating an interest in learning, organizing effectively, showing respect for students, and assessing progress fairly".

Disadvantages
Unless successfully planned and executed, blended learning could have disadvantages in technical aspects since it has a strong dependence on the technical resources or tools with which the blended learning experience is delivered. These tools need to be reliable, easy to use, and up to date, for them to have a meaningful impact on the learning experience.

There are several disadvantages to blended learning. While this type of learning does offer students the ability to go online when necessary, or learn from anywhere, there is no guarantee that each student will have access to the tools that they need to learn on the computer. Another problem that may arise is unreliable internet. Many times, the internet may be down. If the whole class does not have access to the same tools, then the teacher will not be able to keep the class on the same page. This creates a learning gap within classrooms. Unless the education system can offer reliable internet and computers to all students, it is not possible to ensure that this is an effective alternative to mainstream education.

IT literacy can serve as a significant barrier for students attempting to get access to the course materials, making the availability of high-quality technical support paramount. Other aspects of blended learning that can be challenging is group work because of difficulties with management in an online setting.

Reportedly the use of lecture recording technologies can result in students falling behind on the materials. In a study performed across four different universities, it was found that only half of the students watched the lecture videos on a regular basis, and nearly 40% of students watched several weeks' worth of videos in one sitting. This has further implications for the educator and in how much online resources need to be revealed to the student but also ensure it is at the right level for the intended student.

From an educator's perspective, most recently, it has been noted that providing effective feedback is more time-consuming (and therefore more expensive) when electronic media are used, in comparison to traditional (e.g. paper-based) assessments. Using e-learning platforms can be more time-consuming than traditional methods and can also come with new costs as e-learning platforms and service providers may charge user fees to educators.

Another critical issue is access to network infrastructure.  Although the digital divide is narrowing as the Internet becomes more pervasive, many students do not have pervasive and ubiquitous access to the Internet – even in their classrooms.  Any attempt to incorporate blended learning strategies into an organization's pedagogical strategy needs to account for this. This is why learning centers are built with good wi-fi connections to make sure this issue is addressed.

Finally, in educational fields where interprofessional simulation and clinical based placement are key components (i.e. medicine, obstetrics & gynaecology), in-person teaching remains a cornerstone of clinical skills education, and teaching via online discourse alone is not sufficient to completely replace and provide comparable learning outcomes.

21st century literacies

The term "21st century literacies" was coined by The National Council of Teachers of English to describe the social nature of learning that is supported by the ability to collaborate using digital technologies in learning. These 'new literacies' are described as "skills students will need for the society in which they will work", including "strong communication and collaboration skills, expertise in technology, innovative and creative thinking skills, and an ability to solve problems". This set of skills and understandings will "prepare the workforce or citizenry for a changing, interconnected world".

These literacies are dynamic due to the ability to be linked to one another. According to NCTE, active, successful participants in this 21st century global society must be able to:
 develop proficiency and fluency with the tools of technology;
 build intentional cross-cultural connections and relationships with others so to pose and solve problems collaboratively and strengthen independent thought;
 design and share information for global communities to meet a variety of purposes;
 manage, analyze and synthesize multiple streams of simultaneous information;
 create, critique, analyze and evaluate multimedia texts;
 attend to the ethical responsibilities required by these complex environments.

See also

  can be used to recognize any achievement, from passing a class to completing a training course

  – any training that occurs in a training room, typically in an office, classroom, or conference room

References

Pedagogy
Educational practices
E-learning
Educational technology

Blended learning


Die  Liste der Einträge im National Register of Historic Places in St. Louis in Missouri führt alle 371 Bauwerke und historischen Stätten in der Stadt St. Louis auf, die in das National Register of Historic Places aufgenommen wurden.

Die Liste besteht aus zwei Teilen:
 Liste der Einträge im National Register of Historic Places in St. Louis/A–L
 Liste der Einträge im National Register of Historic Places in St. Louis/M–Z

Siehe auch
 Liste der National Historic Landmarks in Missouri
 National Register of Historic Places in Missouri

Einzelnachweise

St Louis City 2
!
!


Juan de Cartagena (morto ) foi um contador espanhol e capitão de um dos cinco navios liderados por Fernão de Magalhães em sua expedição da primeira Circum-navegação da Terra. Cartagena frequentemente discutia com Magalhães durante a viagem e questionava sua autoridade. Após uma tentativa fracassada de motim da qual Cartagena foi o principal organizador, Magalhães abandonou Cartagena em uma ilha remota da Patagônia em 1520, antes de seguir para o Estreito de Magalhães.

Início de vida
Cartagena era natural de Burgos, a capital histórica da Castela-a-Velha. Ele era confidente e "sobrinho" do arcebispo Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca, o influente chefe da Casa de Contratação que regulava o comércio com as colônias americanas da Espanha. Os historiadores interpretaram "sobrinho" como um eufemismo indicando que Cartagena era filho ilegítimo de Fonseca. Sua idade na época da expedição de Magalhães é desconhecida, mas ele era casado e tinha uma filha, Dona Catalina.

Expedição de Magalhães

Formado como contador, Cartagena não tinha experiência como marinheiro. Apesar disso, ele usou sua influência com Fonseca para garantir a nomeação como Inspetor Geral (Veedor General) da Armada de Molucca de Magalhães com autoridade para supervisionar as operações financeiras e comerciais da expedição. O rei Carlos V da Espanha também instruiu Cartagena a relatar a expedição diretamente, em vez de por meio de Magalhães como capitão-general. Essa responsabilidade dividida seria uma fonte de dificuldade durante a viagem subsequente.

Em reconhecimento à influência de Cartagena e para agradar seus partidários, Magalhães nomeou-o capitão do maior navio da expedição, o San Antonio, sujeito apenas à autoridade de Magalhães como capitão-general da frota. Cartagena ganhava um salário de 110.000 maravedi, o mais alto de qualquer um na frota, até mesmo que o de Magalhães.

As tensões surgiram entre Cartagena e Magalhães assim que a frota partiu da Espanha. Em conselhos entre capitães, Cartagena rotineiramente se opunha às decisões de navegação de Magalhães e se recusava a saudar seu superior quando exigido pelo costume. Uma tempestade atrasou a frota ao sul de Tenerife e a comida teve que ser racionada; Cartagena aproveitou a oportunidade para criticar publicamente Magalhães e sugerir que ele não era competente para comandar. Magalhães prontamente o prendeu, demitiu-o de seu comando e confinou-o a bordo do Victoria pelo restante da viagem para a América do Sul.

Motim
Cartagena permaneceu preso até que a frota chegou à Patagônia. Em 1º de abril de 1520, ele deixou secretamente o Victoria e voltou a embarcar no San Antonio, onde reuniu apoiadores entre a tripulação e os oficiais espanhóis em oposição ao português Magalhães. Na companhia do capitão do Concepción, Gaspar de Quesada, do piloto Juan Sebastián Elcano e de trinta tripulantes espanhóis, Cartagena assumiu o controle do San Antonio e declarou a embarcação independente do comando de Magalhães. Os oficiais do Concepción e Victoria juntaram-se ao motim e, em 2 de abril de 1520, uma carta foi enviada à nau capitânia de Magalhães, o Trinidad, exigindo que o capitão-general reconhecesse que a frota não estava mais sob seu comando.

Magalhães trouxe o Trinidad ao lado de Victoria e baixou um barco para levar de volta sua resposta. Quando a tripulação do barco chegou ao convés do Victoria, eles fingiram entregar uma carta e, quando o capitão do Victoria tentou pegá-lo, a tripulação do barco o esfaqueou até a morte. Simultaneamente, quinze homens do navio de Magalhães subiram a bordo e atacaram os amotinados. A tripulação do Victoria juntou-se à sua causa e o navio foi apreendido.

Cartagena havia se mudado para o Concepción antes da batalha e, portanto, permaneceu temporariamente livre. No entanto, apenas aquele navio e San Antonio permaneceram nas mãos do motim. Magalhães posicionou seus três navios na entrada da baía em que a frota havia ancorado e liberou o convés para enfrentar os dois navios de Cartagena. Com ventos fortes durante a noite de 2 de abril, o San Antonio arrastou sua âncora e flutuou impotente em direção ao Trinidad. Magalhães ordenou um disparo lateral, no qual a tripulação do San Antonio se rendeu e permitiu que o navio fosse retomado. Em 3 de abril, percebendo que o motim havia falhado, Cartagena seguiu o exemplo e se entregou sem resistência com o Concepción.

Morte
Após o motim, Magalhães realizou um julgamento dos conspiradores. Gaspar de Quesada, aliado de Cartagena (capitão do Concepción), foi condenado à morte por decapitação. No entanto, Magalhães relutou em executar um parente próximo de Fonseca, então Cartagena foi condenado a ser abandonado junto com outro conspirador, o padre Pedro Sánchez de la Reina. A sentença foi executada em 11 de agosto de 1520, quatro meses após o motim, pouco antes de a frota partir de seus quartéis de inverno em San Julián. Cartagena e o padre receberam um pequeno suprimento de biscoitos e água potável e foram deixados em uma pequena ilha na costa da Patagónia. Nenhum dos dois foi visto ou ouvido novamente.

Notas

De tradução

Referências

Bibliografia

Exploradores da Espanha
Expedição de Magalhães

Juan de Cartagena


Der Stüterhof ist ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Waldleiningen im Landkreis Kaiserslautern in Rheinland-Pfalz.

Geographie
Der Ortsteil liegt umgeben von Feldern auf einer Lichtung an der B 48 rund 7 km südöstlich von Kaiserslautern und rund 4 km südwestlich von Waldleiningen. Der Ort ist ein typisches Straßendorf.

Geschichte
Der Ortsteil ging aus dem Dörfchen Hilsberg hervor. Möglicherweise war er einmal ein fränkischer Königshof. Das Dörfchen befand sich im Mittelalter als Hof Hilsberg im Besitz der Zisterzienser von Otterberg, die hier ein Gestüt betrieben. 1426 gingen Hof und Gestüt an die Kurpfalz über. Das Gestüt wurde im Dreißigjährigen Krieg zerstört und nicht mehr errichtet. Seit 1818 ist der Stüterhof ein Ortsteil der Gemeinde Waldleiningen.

Gewässer
Etwas unterhalb des Dorfes befindet sich der Talbrunnen, bei dem die Jahreszahl 1195 eingemeißelt ist.
Sein Wasser fließt dem Stünebächel zu, das am Ortsrand seinen Ursprung hat und in Mölschbach in den Aschbach mündet.

Einzelnachweise

Waldleiningen
Ort im Landkreis Kaiserslautern

Stüterhof


O Livro dos Insetos Humanos (人間昆虫記 Ningen Konchūki) é um mangá escrito e desenhado por Osamu Tezuka. O autor coloca no centro da trama a ambiciosa Toshiko Tomura, uma bela jovem que se reinventa a todo momento para assumir o protagonismo nas mais diversas áreas, revelando-se uma grande estrela no teatro, designer de reconhecimento internacional e escritora vencedora do respeitado prêmio de literatura. Seus múltiplos talentos conferem a ela o título de gênio e ela faz a transição de um meio a outro com naturalidade e sempre de maneira espetacular, como se fosse uma borboleta em constante metamorfose.

É um mangá voltado para público adulto e que foi serializado na revista Play Comic, entre maio de 1970 e fevereiro de 1971, abordando temas como desigualdade entre gêneros, sexualidade, materialismo e a busca por sucesso a qualquer custo. Foi republicado no Japão várias vezes e por muitos editoras ao longo dos anos, seja em uma edição omnibus ou em dois volumes. A editora Vertical Comics publicou uma edição integral na América do Norte em setembro de 2011, no Brasil foi publicado pela editora DarkSide Books em julho de 2022. A obra foi adaptada em uma minissérie live-action de sete episódios em 2011 pela WOWOW, tendo a atriz Minami no papel de Toshiko Tomura.

Referências

Séries de manga
Seinen
Osamu Tezuka

O Livro dos Insetos Humanos


Horné Štitáre este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Topoľčany din regiunea Nitra. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 541 de locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Horné Štitáre este atestată documentar din 1246.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Horné Štitáre


Smilax bracteata es una especie de planta trepadora perteneciente a la familia  Smilacaceae, es originaria de Asia.

Descripción
Es una enredadera leñosa, con el tallo ramificado, subcilíndrico, que alcanza un tamaño de 10 m de longitud. Con pecíolo de 1 a 2 cm, estrechamente alados para 2/5-1/2 de su longitud, los zarcillos comúnmente presentes. Las hojas ampliamente elípticas a ovado-elípticas. La inflorescencia en forma de racimo de 3 - 6 (- 10) umbelas, de 3 - 7 cm,  umbelas con los dos sexos con 12 - 25 flores. Las flores masculinas: de color verde oliva y tépalos rojos. Las flores femeninas: los pétalos más pequeños que los masculinos. Los frutos son bayas globosas, de 5 - 7 mm de diámetro.

Distribución y hábitat
Se encuentra en bosques, matorrales, en lugares sombreados en las laderas cubiertas de hierbas, desde el nivel del mar hasta los 1800 metros, en Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Taiwán, Yunnan, Camboya, Indonesia, Japón, Laos, Malasia, Filipinas, Tailandia y Vietnam.

Taxonomía
Smilax bracteata fue descrita por Karel Bořivoj Presl y publicado en Reliquiae Haenkeanae 1(2): 131, en el año 1827.
Etimología
Smilax: nombre genérico que recibe su nombre del mito griego de Crocus y la ninfa Smilax. Aunque este mito tiene numerosas formas, siempre gira en torno al amor frustrado y trágico de un hombre mortal que es convertido en una flor, y una ninfa del bosque que se transforma en una parra.

bracteata: epíteto latíno que significa "con brácteas".
Citología
El número cromosómico es de: 2 n = 32.
Sinonimia

Referencias

Enlaces externos

bracteata
Flora de Asia oriental
Plantas descritas en 1827
Plantas descritas por C.Presl

Smilax bracteata


Manoza este o monozaharidă de tip aldoză (mai exact o aldohexoză) și are formula moleculară C6H12O6. Compusul prezintă doi stereoizomeri: D-manoza și L-manoza. Forma de D-manoză este cea mai răspândită în natură.

Manoza are implicații importante în metabolism, în special în procesele de glicozilare a unor proteine. Unele tulburări congenitale ale glicozilării sunt asociate cu mutații ale genelor ce codifică enzimele implicate în metabolismul manozei.

Proprietăți
Mai jos sunt prezentate formele ciclice posibile ale D-manozei (două forme furanozice și două forme piranozice):

{| class="wikitable"
|- style="background-color:#FFDEAD;"
! colspan="2" | D-xiloza
|-
| align="center" | α-D-manofuranoză
| align="center" | β-D-manofuranoză
|-
| align="center" | α-D-manopiranoză
| align="center" | β-D-manopiranoză
|}

Roluri

Vezi și
 Glucoză
 Galactoză
 Ramnoză

Referințe

Monozaharide

Manoză


කතරගම බෞද්ධ  දෙවියන්

ලංකාරක්ෂක සතරවරම් දෙවියන් වන උත්පලවර්ණ සුමන කාර්තිකේය විභීෂණ යන දෙවියන් අතර කතරගමට අධිගෘහිත මහාසේන ස්කන්ධකුමාර දිව්‍යරාජයාද වේ.මේ බිම වත්මනෙ පුද ලබන කතරගම ස්කන්ධකුමාර දෙවියන් හා කිරිවෙහෙර කරවූ මහසෙන් දෙවියන් දෙදෙනෙක් බවද එක් අයෙක් බවද මත වේ.

අප මහාසේන දෙවියන් ලෙස හදුන්වන්නේ බුදුරජාණන් වහන්සේ කතරගම කිරිවෙහෙර භූමියට වැඩ බොහෝ දෙවියන්ට ධර්මය දේශනා කල පසු එම ස්ථානයේ ස්ථූපයක් කරවූ මහාඝෝෂ හෙවත් මහා සේන දිව්‍ය රාජයාය.

බුදු සසුනට මෑත කාලයේ මහත් සේවයක් කල බලන්ගොඩ ආනන්ද මෛත්‍රි නාහිමිපාණන් වහන්සේද සැබෑ කතරගම දෙවියන් පිලිබදව ගවේෂණය කර තිබේ.උන්වහන්සේ නාඩි වාක්‍ය ශාස්ත්‍රයෙන් ලබාගත් තොරතුරු අනුව කතරගමට අධිගෘහිත දෙවියන් දඹදිව සුබ්‍රහ්මණ්‍ය නමින් සිටි බලගතු දේවතාවෙකි.බුදු රදුන්ගේ අණ පරිදි කතරගමට අධිගෘහිතව බෞද්ධයින් ආරක්ෂා කිරීම සුබ්‍රහ්මණ්‍යය දෙවියන් සිදුකරයි( ධාතු වංසය අනුව කතරගමට අධිපති මහසෙන් දෙවියන්ය)ඉන්දියාවේදී සුබ්‍රහ්මණ්‍ය යන නාමය ස්කන්ධකුමාර දෙවියන් සදහා අතීතයේ සිට භාවිත වේ.ගුප්ත යුගයට අයත් කාසිවල මුහුණු සය සහ මොනර වාහනය සහිත ස්කන්ධකුමාර රූපය සහ බ්‍රහ්මණ්‍ය ලෙස සටහන් කර තිබෙනු දැකිය හැක.දකුණු ඉන්දියාවේදි කදකුමරුන් හදුන්වන ප්‍රධාන නාමයක් ලෙස සුබ්‍රමනියම් හැදින්විය හැක.එසේම කදකුමරුට මහාසේන යන නම ඉන්දියානුවත්ද භාවිතා කර තිබේ උදාහරණයක් ලෙස ස්කන්ධ ගයාත්‍රි මන්ත්‍රය වන්නේ
ඕම් තත් පුරුෂාය විද්මහේ
මහාසේනාය ධීමහී
තන්නෝ ශන්මුඛ ප්‍රචෝදයාත් යන්නයි.

එසේම වර්තමානයේ පැතිරෙන අදහසක් වන්නේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍යයන් විසින් පලමු නිදහස් සටන පරාජයෙන් පසු කතරගම පුදබිම හින්දූන්ට භාරදුන් බවත් ඉන්පසු කතරගම පුදබිම ස්කන්ධකුමාර දෙවියන්ට කැපකල බවත්ය.මෙය වැරදි අදහසෙකි.සාහිත්‍ය මූලාශ්‍ර කීපයකින් ඒ බව සනාථ කරමු.

මහනුවර යුගයේ කීර්ති ශ්‍රී රාජසිංහ රජ සමයේ ලියවුණු වදන් කවි පොතෙහි

කතරගම පුර පවර යස තෙද මුහුණු සය ඇති දෙව් රජාණෙනි
ආනුභාවෙන් මෙමට සිල්පය සිද්ධ කර කර දෙන සමුදුරාණෙනි.....

මේ අනුව මහනුවර යුගයේදි කතරගම මුහුණු සයක් ඇති කද කුමරු වෙනුවෙන් කැපවූ බව පැහැදිලිය.

නමුත් කතරගම මහාසේන දෙවියන් හා ස්කන්ධකුමාර දෙවියන් එක් අයෙකු බව හදුනා ගැනීම මීටත් පෙර සිදුවූවකි.
කෝට්ටේ යුගයේ ෂඩ්භාෂා පරමේශ්වර තොටගමුවේ සිරි රහල් හිමි රචිත සැළලිහිණි සන්දේශයේ

ගනේ මිණි බැබලි කිරනෙව් සතපාය
රනේ යටග සැවුලිදු දද ගලපාය
අනේලකර කල පුර අප නරපාය
පෙනේ දකුණැ මහසෙන් දෙව් රද පාය

සැවුල් ධජය හින්දු සාහිත්‍ය අනුව කදකුමරුන් සතු මංගලෝපකරණයෙකි. සැවුල් ධජයන්ගෙන් රුහුණෙ මහාසේන දේව ප්‍රාසාදය සැරසීමෙන් පෙනී යන්නේ කෝට්ටේ යුගයේ සිටම මහාසේන සහ ස්කන්ධකුමාර දෙවියන් එක් අයෙකු ලෙස පිලිගත් බවය.

මීට අමතර්ව අරුණගිරිනාථර් නම් හින්දු පඩිවරයාගෙ පොත්වලද කතරගම ස්කන්ධ දෙවියන්ගේ දෙවොලක් ගැන සදහන් කර ඇත.

කෙසේ වෙතත් බෞද්ධ බැතිමතුන් බොහෝදෙනෙකු කතරගම දෙවියන්ගේ පිහිට බලාපොරොත්තුවෙන් කතරගම පුදබිමට පැමිණ නොයෙක් පුද පූජා තබයි.මේ වතාවත් ඇතැම් බෞද්ධ බැතිමතුන් බොහෝ වැරදි සිදුකරයි.එකක් නම් කිරිවෙහෙර වැදපුදා පලමුව තෙරුවන් වැද පසුව දෙවියන් පිදිය යුතු වුවත් පලමුව දේවාලයට ගොස් පසුව කිරිවෙහෙර යාමයි.මෙයින් සිදුවන්නේ ආර්‍ය ශ්‍රාවක කද සුරිදුගේ පිහිටද මොවුනට නැතිව යෑමයි.එසේම ඇතැම් බෞද්ධයින් කටු ගැසීම ගිනි පෑගීම වැනි අභිචාරයන්ට හුරුව ඇත.මෙවැනි පූජා හින්දුන්ට ඔවුන්ගේ දහම අනුව ගැටලුවක් නොමැති වුනත් බෞද්ධයින්ට කිසිසේත්ම නුසුදුසුය.ආර්‍ය ශ්‍රාවක දිව්‍ය රාජයෙක් යන  සංඥාවෙන් කතරගම දෙවියන් පුදන බෞද්ධයකුට මෙවැනි දෑ කෙතරම් ගැලපේ දැයි සිතා බැලිය යුතුයි.

බාහිර සබැදි
සැලළිහිණි සන්දේශය

ගණදෙවි හෑල්ල සහ වදන් කවි පොත

බලන්ගොඩ ආනන්ද මෛත්‍රි හිමියන්ගේ අපට නොපෙනෙන ලෝකය

රුහුණු කතරගම පුදබිමේ සිංහල දෙවියන්


was a town located in Ena District, Gifu Prefecture, Japan.

As of 2003, the town had an estimated population of 7,148 and a density of 84.80 persons per km². The total area was 84.29 km².

On February 13, 2005, Fukuoka, along with the towns of Sakashita and Tsukechi, the villages of Hirukawa, Kashimo and Kawaue (all from Ena District), and the village of Yamaguchi (from Kiso District, Nagano Prefecture), was merged into the expanded city of Nakatsugawa and no longer exists as an independent municipality.

History
The modern history of Fukuoka dates back to the Meiji era. In 1889, three villages of Fukuoka, Takayama and Tase were incorporated with a new status under the Municipal Act of 1888. Fukuoka merged the village of Shimono in 1897 and was raised to the rank of a town in 1966. The town had four school districts based on these old villages.

References

External links
 Official website of Nakatsugawa

Dissolved municipalities of Gifu Prefecture
Populated places disestablished in 2005

2005 disestablishments in Japan

Fukuoka, Gifu


مدينة دبي الراسية مشروح مقترح لتصميم ناطحة سحاب أعلنت في 25 آب / أغسطس 2008.
هي ثاني أطول مبنى كاملا مقترح من أي وقت مضى بعد البذرة العاشرة (X-Seed 4000). صممت من مهندس كرؤية لتكنولوجيات المستقبل
إذا شيدت، مدينة برج دبي سيكون أطول بكثير من ناطحات السحاب الحالية. وسيكون ما يقارب ثلاثة أضعاف ارتفاع برج دبي الذي هو حاليا أطول هيكل من صنع الإنسان على الإطلاق.
 400 طابق
 قطار رأسي (بصفه مصعد) بسرعة 200 كم/ ساعة (125 ميلا في الساعة).
 التصميم مستوحى من برج ايفل للتعامل بشكل أفضل مع قوة الرياح العاتية.
 نواة مركزية مع 6 الخارجي المباني التي ترتبط المركزية الأساسية لكل 100 طوابق.
 ويقدر استهلاك 37,000 MWH من الكهرباء سنويا، مع 15MW كذروة للاستخدام. التي ستكون في الغالب من الطاقة الشمسية والحرارية، وطاقة الرياح.
 لا يكاد يوجد أكسجين في المنطقة العلوية ودرجات الحرارة منخفضة للغاية
 المناظر الطبيعية تشابهة تلك التي نراها الطائرة.
 هناك موقف للقطار الراسي كل مائة طابق لمدة عشر دقائق
 المدينة مقسمة إلى اربع اجزاء راسية، كل جزء تحتوى على 100 طابق
 في نهاية المبنى توجد ساحة المدينة، فيها حدائق وسوق ومحلات ترفيه بالإضافة الخدمات ومحطات لمعالجة مياه الصرف ألصحي وبالطبع مهابط لطائرات الهليكوبتر.
 المبنى مقسم أفقيا إلى 6 أجزاء, 3 موجهة بزاوية دوران مع عقارب الساعة و3 عكسها وهكذا في كل جزء من تلك الأجزاء الأربعة الراسية * هناك مصاعد عادية في هذة الأقسام الستة.
 15 طابق تحت سطح الأرض لمواقف آليه سيارات .
 قاعدة المبنى مساحتها مليون قدم مربع.

مراجع

عمارة دبي
عمارة فائقة التكنولوجيا
عمارة مستقبلية جديدة
ناطحات سحاب في دبي
عمارة ما بعد الحداثة في دبي

مدينة دبي الراسية


Hakadal Station (Hakadal stasjon) er en jernbanestation på Gjøvikbanen i Hakadal i Akershus fylke i Norge. Stationen består af to spor med to perroner, gangbro, parkeringsplads og en brun stationsbygning i træ opført efter tegninger af Paul Due.

Stationen blev oprettet som Hakedal 20. december 1900 men skiftede navn til Hakadal 1. september 1922. Stationen blev fjernstyret 13. december 1971 1971 men var stadig betjent for ekspedition af passagerer og gods indtil 1. januar 1971, hvor den blev gjort ubemandet.

Litteratur

Eksterne henvisninger

Stationer på Gjøvikbanen
Etableret i 1900
Jernbanestationer i Viken

Hakadal Station