WWE Network es un servicio de transmisión de video propiedad de la WWE. El concepto fue originalmente anunciado en 2010. El 14 de enero de 2015, la WWE anunció que la red será lanzada el 2 de marzo de 2015 en los Estados Unidos, con lanzamientos en el Reino Unido, Canadá, Australia, Nueva Zelanda, Hong Kong, Singapur y el conjunto de los países nórdicos para fines de 2015 o inicios de 2016.

Información
En septiembre de 2011, la WWE oficialmente anunció planes para lanzar WWE Network. La WWE realizó una encuesta preguntando si las personas pagarían por WWE Network si fuera un canal premium. En un correo electrónico enviado a los fanáticos de la WWE que pudieran estar interesados en WWE Network, la WWE encuestó a los fanáticos sobre sus pensamientos acerca de WWE Network emitiendo los pago por visión de la WWE para los suscriptores sin cargo adicional. La encuesta también hizo notar que la función de repetición de Raw y SmackDown, así como metraje de la WCW, la ECW, la NWA y la AWA conformarían la programación. Programación original fue también notoria en la encuesta.

Como resultado de una encuesta en línea, WrestleMania Rewind fue escogida como nombre para un nuevo programa de WWE Network, el 17 de octubre de 2011. La fecha original de lanzamiento, había sido el 1 de abril de 2012, que habría coincidido con WrestleMania XXVIII. WWE.com exhibió un reloj de cuenta atrás, que habría expirado el 1 de abril de 2012. Sin embargo, el reloj fue discretamente retirado, y la red no fue lanzada como se promocionó.

Dos años después, en Old School Raw en enero de 2014, la WWE publicó avances distinguiéndose el logo de WWE Network promocionando un anuncio el 8 de enero en el hotel Wynn en Las Vegas. Más tarde se confirmó que el anuncio concernería a WWE Network. En el Consumer Electronics Show el 8 de enero, la WWE reveló un plan detallado, que verá una fecha de lanzamiento, el 24 de febrero en los Estados Unidos.

WWE Network está actualmente disponible, en computadoras de sobremesa y portátiles vía WWE.com. También está disponible a través de WWE App en: dispositivos Kindle Fire de Amazon, Android, iOS, dispositivos de transmisión Roku, PlayStation 3 y 4 y Xbox 360. Disponibilidad en dispositivos adicionales, incluyendo Xbox One y Smart TVs seleccionadas, seguirán en el verano de 2014. Vince McMahon manifestó que todos los 12 pago por visión de la WWE, serán transmitidos en la red sin cargo adicional, iniciando con WrestleMania XXX. Además, WWE Network ya está disponible, en toda Latinoamérica.

Se puede acceder a WWE Network desde su página web y obtener acceso inmediato registrandose gratis, y si usted quiere, pagar una suscripción mensual para tener acceso a todo el contenido de la plataforma con un costo actual 2015 de USD $10. El suscriptor, recibe acceso a los shows y eventos en vivo y en directo, además de entrevistas exclusivas con las superestrellas de la WWE: RAW, SMACKDOWN, NXT, TOTAL DIVAS, entre otros.

Programación
A pesar de que el sistema de clasificación por edades de los Estados Unidos clasifica la mayoría de los programas de la WWE como TV-PG, WWE Network transmite un amplio rango de contenido:

WWE Countdown - Un espectáculo cuenta atrás top-10 sobre la base de encuestas de fanes interactivos

WWE NXT - se transmite semanalmente los miércoles, incluyendo periódicos episodios especiales en vivo.

WWE Superstars - se transmite semanalmente los viernes.

Pre-shows y Backstage Pass post-shows de Raw y SmackDown.

WWE Beyond The Ring - porciones documentales del DVD de la WWE publicadas anteriormente ofrecen diversos artistas, organizaciones, e historias.

WWE Slam City - Una serie de animación que ofrece el talento de la WWE actual, basado Mattel  línea de juguetes del mismo nombre.

Legends of WrestleMania - Un spin-off especial de Legends of Wrestling formato de panel mesa redonda, centrándose en temas relacionados Wrestlemania.

This Week In WWE - Un resumen semanal de 30 minutos de acción de la WWE de la semana.

WWE Main Event - se transmite semanalmente los martes.

WWE Rivalries - Un espectáculo documentar rivalidades en la WWE.

WWE 24 - Un espectáculo que va detrás de las escenas de WrestleMania.

WWE Quick Hits - un programa mensual con clips cortos adicionales de varios DVD y shows de WWE Network.

Breaking Ground - Una mirada especial en el WWE Performance Center y lo que se necesita para convertirse en una futura superestrella de la WWE.

Camp WWE - Una serie de dibujos animados de comedia con Seth Green.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 WWE en vivo
 WWE NETWORK Web oficial

Network
Cadenas de televisión de Estados Unidos
Canales de televisión deportivos
Empresas fundadas en 2011

WWE Network


Born This Way es una frase en inglés que traducido significa Nací de esta manera. En Wikipedia puede referirse a:

 Born This Way, segundo álbum de estudio de la cantante Lady Gaga.
 «Born This Way», canción de Lady Gaga.
 «Born This Way», un episodio de la serie Glee.

Born This Way (desambiguación)


Refat Çubarov,  (d. 22 Eylül 1957, Semerkand, Özbekistan SSC) Kırım Tatarı siyasetçi, eski Ukrayna milletvekili, Mevcut Kırım Tatar Millî Meclisi Başkanı.

Moskova Devlet Tarih ve Arşivcilik Enstitüsü'nde yüksek tahsilini yaptı. Ukrayna Meclisi'nde insan hakları, millî azınlıklar ve interetnik ilişkiler ile ilgili komisyonun üyesi oldu.

2009 yılında Dünya Kırım Tatarları Kongresi Başkanı seçildi.

28 Ocak 2013 tarihinde Mustafa Abdülcemil Kırımoğlu'nun yerine Kırım Tatar Millî Meclisi Başkanı oldu.

Kırım Tatar Millî Meclisi üyeleri
1957 doğumlular
Yaşayan insanlar

Refat Çubarov


Campanula acutiloba er tegund af bláklukkuætt (Campanulaceae), ættuð frá Tyrklandi, Íran og Írak.

Tilvísanir

Bláklukkur

Campanula acutiloba


Zombi holocaust es una película italiana estrenada en 1980, perteneciente al subgénero del cine sobre canibalismo, del que su exponente más conocido sería Holocausto canibal. En español ha tenido diversos títulos: Cementerio de los zombies (México), Holocausto de los zombies (Venezuela) o Zombi holocausto (España).

Con el cine sobre canibalismo (cannibal films) se mezclan elementos del cine de zombis, igualmente frecuente en el cine exploitation italiano de aquellos años. Especialmente, la película se presentó como un intento de aprovechar el éxito de la película de Lucio Fulci Zombi 2 (Nueva York bajo el terror de los zombis en España). Con la película de Fulci comparte el actor principal, el escocés Ian McCulloch (Glasgow, 1939); localizaciones, Nueva York y una exótica isla de donde surgen los caníbales; e imágenes de archivo de aquella. También fue retitulada la película como Zombi 3 en el mercado estadounidense, sugiriendo una continuación directa de aquella.

Argumento

La historia arranca en un hospital de Nueva York. En el nosocomio comienzan a aparecer pacientes fallecidos a quienes les ha sido amputada una parte de su cuerpo. Una noche, uno de los médicos sorprende a un enfermero de origen extranjero mientras devora el corazón de un muerto. El enfermero se suicida arrojándose por una ventana, aunque antes de morir susurra el nombre de una isla situada en las Molucas, de las que él procedía.

Lori (Alessandra Delli Colli), una doctora del hospital, experta en antropología, se desplaza a la misteriosa isla acompañada del Dr. Peter Chandler (Ian McCulloch), el ayudante de este, George (Peter O'Neal), y la novia periodista de este, Susan Kelly (Sherry Buchanan).
Una vez en la isla, investigarán el origen del indígena muerto en el hospital. Se sospecha que en la zona podría vivir una tribu que practica el canibalismo de forma ancestral.

Se alojan en la vivienda del doctor Obrero, que reside allí. El grupo de expedicionarios se adentra en la selva, localizan restos humanos,  y encuentran a la tribu, que secuestra a la periodista y comienza un acoso contra el resto del grupo. Esa no será la única sorpresa que la isla les tiene reservada, pues el Dr. Obrero ha experimentado en la isla con cadáveres con el objeto de revivirlos. Los caníbales eligen como su reina a Lori, que les enviará a luchar contra los zombis del Dr. Obrero...

Reparto

Versión original italiana

Versión americana

Distribuidoras

Another World Entertainment (2007) (Dinamarca, DVD)
Aquarius Releasing (1982) (Estados Unidos, salas de cine) (Versión cortada con montaje añadido)
Astro Distribution (1998) (Alemania, VHS)
Dragon Film Entertainment (DFE) (1999) (Alemania, DVD)
EastWest Entertainment (2004) (mundial, DVD, como "Doctor Butcher, M.D.")
Filmfreak Distributie (2006) (Países Bajos, DVD)
Firebox (2007) (Finlandia, DVD)
Frontier Amusements (1983) (Canadá, salas de cine, en versión editada)
JF Films Video (España, VHS)
Lamberto Forni Film (LF) (Italia, VHS)
Medusa Distribuzione (1980) (Italia, salas de cine)
Paragon Video Productions (1982) (Estados Unidos, VHS y Betamax)
Shriek Show (2002) (Estados Unidos) (VHS y DVD)
Shriek Show (2011) (Estados Unidos, DVD y Blu-Ray)
Thriller Video (1986) (Estados Unidos, VHS)
Umbrella Entertainment (2004) (Australia, DVD)
Video for Pleasure (VFP) (198?) (Países Bajos, VHS)
Video Invest AB (????) (Suecia, VHS)

Fechas de estreno

Títulos

Zombi Holocaust Italia (título original)
Zombie Holocaust (Estados Unidos)
Zombie Holocaust (Países Bajos)
Zombie Holocaust (Reino Unido)
Zombi Holocausto (España)
Zombi Holocausto (Portugal)
Cementerio de los zombies	(México)
Dr. Butcher M.D. (Estados Unidos, versión recortada)
Dr. Butcher, M.D. Finlandia (título del festival)
Dr. Butcher, Medical Deviate (Estados Unidos, título de video)
Förintelsen (Suecia)
Holocausto de los Zombies (Venezuela)
Island of the Last Zombies
La regina dei cannibali (Italia, título alternativo)
La terreur des zombies (Francia)
Medical Deviate
Queen of the Cannibals
To olokaftoma ton zombi (Grecia, título de video)
Zombi: Anthropofagoi sti Nea Yorki (Grecia, transliteración ISO-LATIN-1)
Zombie 3 (Estados Unidos)
Zombie-massakren (Dinamarca)
Zombies unter Kannibalen (Alemania Occidental)

Valoraciones

El clásico engendro tremendista y sanguinolento, ahora de desarmante eclecticisno: caníbales archisádicos calcados de Holocausto canibal, zombies implacables estilo L. Fulci, un científico enloquecido y para rematar una reina legendaria tipo Diosa de Fuego. (Carlos Aguilar)

Los zombis se pueden contar con la mano. A pesar de estar falta de zombies, no lo esta precisamente de escenas gore, y es que el canibalismo es el gran protagonista. Es mas, Holocausto Zombi recuerda bastante a la mítica Holocausto Canibal, buenos serian los argumentos de quien la tachara de plagio para aprovechar el éxito del film de Ruggero Deodato. Una película solo apta para frikis del gore más bizarro. (Rubén Pérez)

Referencias

Enlaces externos

https://web.archive.org/web/20101112212140/http://www.imdb.es/title/tt0079788/

Películas de 1980
Películas de Italia
Películas en italiano
Películas de terror
Cine de terror de los años 1980
Películas gore
Películas rodadas en Nueva York

Zombi holocaust


Jonas Gregaard Wilsly (født 30. juli 1996 i Herlev) er en dansk cykelrytter, der kører for .

29 juni 2018 blev det offentliggjort at Gregaard havde skrevet en "stagiaire" kontrakt med det kasakhstanske World-Tour hold Astana Pro Team, som er gældene fra 1. august 2018 og indtil sæsonens slutning.

Meritter
2013
1. plads, Ungdomskonkurrence, Tour du Pays de Vaud
1. plads, Ungdomskonkurrence, Aubel - Thimister - La Gleize

2014
1. plads  Junior DM i landevejscykling

2015
1. plads  U23 DM i landevejscykling
1. plads, 2. etape, ZLM Roompot tour (Holdtidskørsel)

2016
1. plads, Himmerland Rundt
1. plads, Bjergkonkurrence, Normandiet Rundt

2017
1. plads samlet, Kreiz Breizh Elites
1. plads, Ungdomskonkurrence, Kreiz Breizh Elites

2018
1. plads, Ungdomskonkurrence, Tour of Malopolska

2021
 9. plads, Vuelta a Murcia
2022
 6. plads samlet, Route d'Occitanie
 7. plads samlet, Tour de Luxembourg
2023
 1. plads  Bjergkonkurrence, Paris-Nice

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Mandlige cykelryttere fra Danmark
Personer fra Herlev

Jonas Gregaard


A United Cup é um torneio de tênis profissional misto de curta duração entre países organizado por ATP e WTA, que rende pontos aos respectivos rankings.

Realizado na Austrália – nas cidades de Brisbane, Perth e Sydney, estreou em 2023. Os jogos são disputados em quadras duras durante o fim de dezembro do ano anterior e o início de janeiro do ano de referência.

São 11 dias de duração, em seis grupos de três. Cada cidade recebe dois grupos. Semifinais e finais acontecem em Sydney. É o primeiro evento por equipes a oferecer pontos; um jogador pode conquistar, no máximo, 500.

Finais

Ligações externas
 Página oficial

Torneios de tênis na Austrália

United Cup


.sv ist die länderspezifische Top-Level-Domain (ccTLD) des Staates El Salvador. Sie wurde am 4. November 1994 eingeführt und wird von der Universidad Centroamericana "José Simeón Cañas" verwaltet. Die Vergabestelle tritt öffentlich unter der Marke SVnet auf.

Eigenschaften
Domains können nur von Personen oder Unternehmen aus El Salvador registriert werden, weshalb sie auf internationaler Ebene häufig von Treuhändern angeboten werden. Neben .sv gibt es zahlreiche Second-Level-Domains, die sich an bestimmte Gruppen richten:

 .edu.sv: Schulen und Universitäten
 .gob.sv: Behörden und Verwaltung
 .com.sv: kommerzielle Unternehmen
 .org.sv nicht-kommerzielle Organisationen
 .red.sv: staatliche Internet-/Netzwerkverwaltung

Weblink
 Offizielle Website der Vergabestelle

Einzelnachweise

Länderspezifische Top-Level-Domain
Medien (El Salvador)

.sv


Andrea Koevska (em macedónio: Андреа Коевска; Skopje, Macedónia do Norte, 14 de fevereiro de 2000) também conhecida apenas por Andrea é uma cantora macedónia, que irá representar a Macedónia do Norte no Festival Eurovisão da Canção 2022.

Discografia

Singles
 2020 – I Know
 2020 – I Don't Know Your Name
 2021 – Talk to Me
 2021 – Bettin' on You
 2021 – Choose My Way
 2022 – Circles

Cantores da Macedónia do Norte
Participantes do Festival Eurovisão da Canção 2022

Andrea Koevska


Teissèdre est un patronyme français, dérivé du métier tisserand.

Patronyme

 Colette Teissèdre, actrice ;
 François-Louis Teissèdre de Fleury (1749-1799), ingénieur militaire
 Guillaume Teissèdre (1816-1885), homme politique

Homonymie
Patronyme français
Homonymie de personnes

Teissèdre


Äiwoo é uma língua Oceânica falada nas Ilhas Santa Cruz e ilhas Reef na província de Temotu nas Ilhas Salomão.

Nome
A língua Äiwoo é conhecida sob muitos nomes na literatura, incluindo: Aŷiwo, Ayiwo, Aïwo, Gnivo, Lanlom, Lomlom, Naaude, Nifilole, Nivo, Reef Islands e Reefs.

Falantes e distribuição
Äiwoo tem cerca de 8.400 falantes nativos, com cerca de 5 a 6 mil deles vivendo nas ilhas Reef e o restante vivendo nas ilhas Santa Cruz.
Como tal, Äiwoo é a maior das línguas Reef I Santa Cruz. A maioria dos falantes vive nas ilhas Ngawa e Ngäsinue das Ilhas Reef; outros vivem em algumas aldeias em Vanikoro ou em ilha Nendö, como Kala Bay. Finalmente, algumas comunidades foram recentemente estabelecidas na capital Honiara, notadamente no distrito de White River.

Sociolinguística
Nas ilhas Reef, Äiwoo é a principal língua falada por todo o seu povo. A maioria deles também fala Pidgin, a língua franca das Ilhas Salomão, enquanto apenas algumas pessoas também falam inglês. O sistema de ensino usa Äiwoo no ensino primário e secundário, embora uma ortografia padronizada para Äiwoo ainda não tenha sido adotada, resultando em um declínio de pessoas que sabem ler e escreve a língua.

Fonologia

Consoantes

 As oclusivas sonoras são pré-nasalizadas por padrão, mas podem ser percebidas de forma oral simples: ex:ᵐbʷ é percebido ᵐbʷ ~ bʷ.
 A semivogal lábio-dental sonoro // também pode ser percebida como uma fricativa [].
 // também pode ser ouvido como uma africada [].
 // também pode ser ouvido como sons róticos [, ] dentro de palavras.

Vogais

Ortografia
Äiwoo usa uma variação do alfabeto latino. As seguintes convenções de ortografia são tiradas do dicionário de Næss de Äiwoo.

Observe-se que Äiwoo distingue ä [æ] e â [ɑ,ɒ], os quais aparecem na palavra kânongä 'eu quero'.

Amostra de texto
Liâtolenâ mo sime bââ. Go sime bangä dä kumo ilâ ngä temotu eââ.- Eles remaram para a praia, mas não havia pessoas. Porque ninguém morava naquela ilha ainda.
Kiteuläijowâ ile temotu iliaa-käilenä -Exploraram a ilha a que tinham chegado.
Kiäpitokâno nupää ngä numomoji. - Eu coloquei um pano na canoa (para tapar o buraco)
Lenge peluwoo äängi nogo miluwopa dâu manato. - Atualmente, a maioria dos ilhéus do recife tem nomes europeus.

Bibliografia

Ligações externas
Äiwo em Paradisec (coleção 1)
Äiwo em Paradisec (coleção 2)
Äiwo em Omniglot.com
Äiwoo em Ethnologue
Äiwoo em Elarchive
Äiwoo em Endangered Languages
Äiwoo em Open research

Aiwoo
Aiwoo

Língua äiwoo


Matthew Keir "Matt" Langridge, MBE (* 20. Mai 1983 in Crewe) ist ein ehemaliger britischer Ruderer und Olympiasieger.

Karriere
Langridge war 2001 Juniorenweltmeister im Einer. 2003 erreichte er mit dem britischen Doppelvierer das B-Finale bei den Weltmeisterschaften. 2004 wechselte er zusammen mit Matthew Wells in den Doppelzweier und erreichte beim Weltcup in Posen den dritten Platz, bei den Olympischen Spielen 2004 kamen die beiden nicht ins A-Finale und platzierten sich am Ende als Achte. 2005 waren beide wieder im Doppelvierer, nach drei A-Finalplatzierungen im Weltcup belegte das Boot bei den Weltmeisterschaften den siebten Platz.

2006 wechselte Langridge von den Skullbooten zum Riemenrudern und ruderte im britischen Achter, der bei den Weltmeisterschaften den fünften Platz erreichte. 2007 bildete Langridge zusammen mit Colin Smith einen Zweier ohne Steuermann, das Boot gewann die Weltcupregatta in Linz. Bei der zweiten Weltcupregatta in Amsterdam gewannen die beiden mit dem Achter, in Luzern belegten sie im Zweier den elften Platz. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften in München gewannen Smith und Langridge die Bronzemedaille hinter den Booten aus Australien und Neuseeland. 2008 wechselten die beiden Briten wieder in den Achter, der im Weltcup mit je einem ersten, zweiten und dritten Platz dreimal das Siegerpodest erreichte; bei den Olympischen Spielen in Peking gewann der britische Achter die Silbermedaille hinter dem kanadischen Boot.

2009 wechselte Langridge in den Vierer ohne Steuermann, der mit drei Ruderern aus dem 2008er Achter zwei Weltcupregatten und das Finale bei den Weltmeisterschaften gewann. Auch 2010 gewann die Crew zwei Weltcupregatten und belegte bei der dritten Regatta den dritten Platz, bei den Weltmeisterschaften kam das Boot allerdings nur auf den vierten Platz. 2011 erreichte der Vierer erneut zwei Weltcupsiege und gewann den Weltmeistertitel in Bled. Für die Olympischen Spiele 2012 in London kehrte Langridge in den britischen Achter zurück, mit dem er die Bronzemedaille gewann. Nach einer wenig erfolgreichen Saison im Doppelzweier 2013 bildete Langridge 2014 einen Zweier ohne Steuermann mit James Foad. Die beiden erhielten die Silbermedaille bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2014 und gewannen den Titel bei den Europameisterschaften 2015. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften 2015 gewannen die beiden wie im Vorjahr Silber hinter den beiden Neuseeländern. Zum Saisonauftakt 2016 belegte Langridge mit dem britischen Achter hinter Deutschen und Russen den dritten Platz bei den Europameisterschaften in Brandenburg an der Havel. Im Finale der Olympischen Spiele 2016 gelang den Briten wie bei den drei Weltmeisterschaften seit 2013 ein Sieg vor dem Deutschland-Achter.

Der 1,95 Meter große Matt Langridge rudert für den Leander Club.

Endkampfplatzierungen
(OS = Olympische Spiele; WM = Weltmeisterschaften; EM = Europameisterschaften)

 WM 2006: 5. Platz im Achter (Toby Garbett, Tom Solesbury, Jonathan Devlin, Richard Egington, Josh West, Kieran West, Matt Langridge, Tom Stallard und Steuermann Acer Nethercott)
 WM 2007: 3. Platz im Zweier ohne Steuermann (Colin Smith und Matt Langridge)
 OS 2008: 2. Platz im Achter (Alex Partridge, Tom Stallard, Tom Lucy, Richard Egington, Josh West, Matt Langridge, Alastair Heathcote, Colin Smith und Steuermann Acer Nethercott)
 WM 2009: 1. Platz im Vierer ohne (Alex Partridge, Richard Egington, Alex Gregory und Matt Langridge)
 WM 2010: 4. Platz im Vierer ohne (Alex Partridge, Richard Egington, Alex Gregory und Matt Langridge)
 WM 2011: 1. Platz im Vierer ohne (Matt Langridge, Richard Egington, Tom James und James Gregory)
 OS 2012: 3. Platz im Achter (Alex Partridge, James Foad, Tom Ransley, Richard Egington, Mohamed Sbihi, Greg Searle, Matt Langridge, Constantine Louloudis und Steuermann Phelan Hill)
 WM 2014: 2. Platz im Zweier ohne Steuermann (James Foad, Matt Langridge)
 EM 2015: 1. Platz im Zweier ohne Steuermann (James Foad, Matt Langridge)
 WM 2015: 2. Platz im Zweier ohne Steuermann (James Foad, Matt Langridge)
 EM 2016: 3. Platz im Achter (Matthew Gotrel, Scott Durant, Tom Ransley, Paul Bennett, Peter Reed, Andrew Triggs Hodge, Matt Langridge, William Satch und Steuermann Phelan Hill)
 OS 2016: 1. Platz im Achter (Scott Durant, Tom Ransley, Andrew Triggs Hodge, Matthew Gotrel, Peter Reed, Paul Bennett, Matt Langridge, William Satch und Steuermann Phelan Hill)

Weblinks

Olympiasieger (Rudern)
Weltmeister (Rudern)
Europameister (Rudern)
Olympiateilnehmer (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2004
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2008
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2016
Member des Order of the British Empire
Ruderer (Vereinigtes Königreich)
Brite
Geboren 1983
Mann

Matt Langridge


نيك ستال  ممثل أمريكي من مواليد 5 ديسمبر 1979.

مواقع خارجية

مراجع

أشخاص على قيد الحياة
أشخاص من بلانو
أشخاص من هارلينغن (تكساس)
ممثلو أفلام أمريكيون
ممثلو تلفزيون أمريكيون
ممثلو مسرح أمريكيون
ممثلون أمريكيون أطفال
ممثلون أمريكيون في القرن 20
ممثلون أمريكيون في القرن 21
ممثلون من ولاية تكساس
مواليد 1979
مواليد في هارلينغن (تكساس)

نيك ستال


الاتصال الصيني أو ما يسمى بقبضة الغضب فيلم عُرض في عام 1972 من بطولة بروس لي

أحداث الفيلم
تدور أحداث الفيلم في شنغهاي ـ شرق الصين ـ حول تشن تشن الشاب الذي عاد من خارج البلاد ليجد ان معلمه ((هو يون جا)) قد مات، ولكنه يتعجب لموت معلمه نتيجة لهزيمته من منافس ياباني غير كفؤ، وهذا الي أثار شكوك تشن تشن وجعله يبحث عن سبب أخر لموت معلمه، وبالفعل إتضح له أنه مات مسموماً. ودارت مشاجرات بين مدرسه يابانيه، ومدرسه تشن تشن الصينية وظل اليابانيون يحتقرون الصينيون.. حتى لقنهم تشن تشن درساً قاسياً, ولكن سرعان ما انتقم اليايانيون من الصينيون، ولم يهدء تشن تشن حتى قتل جميع الأشخاص الذين تسببوا في مقتل معلمه.

وفي النهاية طالبت الحكومة اليابانية بتسليم تشن تشن أو غلق المدرسة الصينية، فسلم تشن تشن نفسه وقاموا برميه بالرصاص.

مشاهد من الفيلم
 الفيلم يتضمن عبارات هامة وعنصرية بحق الصينيين ككتابة رجل آسيا المريض، ويقصد هذه العبارة هم الشعب الصيني...
 المجزرة الرهيبة التي أرتكبت المدرسة اليابانية على طريقة الساموراي، والتي راح ضحيتها الكثير من الطلبة، والمشكلة الأكبر أن الحكومة اليابانية وخاصة التمثيل الدبلوماسي يتجاهلون مجازر ضد الصينيين ويبحثون عن البطل تشن تشن ((بروس لي بطل الفيلم)).
 بروس لي يشعر بالقهر من اليابانيين، واليابانيون الحمقاء يظنون أن الصينيين كثير العدد لا يستطيعون هزيمة اليابانيين متجاهلاً، احتلال العسكري الياباني في مدينة شنغهاي ـ مدينة ساحلية شرق الصين ـ ورغبة اليابانيين في إتمام السيطرة على المدارس الصينية.
 مشاركة الممثل الياباني ريكي هاشموتو ((Riki Hashimoto)) بدور مدير المدرسة الياباني الشرير، وملامح وجهه واضحه، وفرق كبير بين بيئة المدرسة الصينية بهدوئها وبين المدرسة اليابانية والتي أشبه ببيئة الساموراي، إضافة إلى خلفية جبل فوجي، والسيف المعروف كتاكانا، وخلفيات جميلة فنية.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 Fist of Fury at the قاعدة بيانات أفلام هونغ كونغ

أفلام أخرجها لو وي
أفلام إنتاج 1972
أفلام باللغة الكانتونية
أفلام باللغة الكانتونية في عقد 1970
أفلام باللغة المندراينية الصينية
أفلام تقع أحداثها في عقد 1910
أفلام حركة إنتاج عقد 1970
أفلام حركة هونغ كونغية
أفلام عن الحرب الصينية اليابانية الثانية
أفلام فنون عسكرية 1972
أفلام فنون عسكرية هونغ كونغية
أفلام فنون قتال في عقد 1970
أفلام كونغ فو
أفلام مبنية على زمن العنصرية
أفلام مصورة في شنغهاي
أفلام مصورة في ماكاو
أفلام مصورة في هونغ كونغ
أفلام هونغ كونغ
أفلام هونغ كونغية عن انتقام
أفلام هونغ كونغية في عقد 1970
بروس لي

قبضة الغضب


The Handley Page HP.52 Hampden is a British twin-engine medium bomber that was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF). It was part of the trio of large twin-engine bombers procured for the RAF, joining the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley and Vickers Wellington.  The Hampden was powered by Bristol Pegasus radial engines but a variant known as the Handley Page Hereford had in-line Napier Daggers.

The Hampden served in the early stages of the Second World War, bearing the brunt of the early bombing war over Europe, taking part in the first night raid on Berlin and the first 1,000-bomber raid on Cologne. When it became obsolete, after a period of mainly operating at night, it was retired from RAF Bomber Command service in late 1942. By 1943, the rest of the trio were being superseded by the larger four-engined heavy bombers such as the Avro Lancaster.

Development

Origins
In 1932, the Air Ministry issued Specification B.9/32 seeking a twin-engined day bomber with higher performance than any preceding bomber aircraft. Handley Page and Vickers both designed aircraft to meet this specification, the Vickers design became the Wellington. The Handley Page design team, led by George Volkert, drafted a radical aircraft, initially centering upon the politically favoured Rolls-Royce Goshawk engine. By mid-1934 development of the Goshawk looked less promising and the Air Ministry  relaxed the tare weight (unloaded weight) requirement of the specification, allowing for the use of heavier and more powerful radial engines such as the Bristol Perseus and Bristol Pegasus. According to aviation author Philip J.R. Moyes, the Handley Page design soon found support with the Air Ministry in part because it was judged to represent a fair compromise between range, payload, and speed.

During early 1936, the first prototype, designated as the HP.52 and given the serial number K4240, was completed. On seeing the narrow-yet-deep fuselage, which was only 3 ft wide, C. G. Grey, founder of The Aeroplane magazine, remarked "it looks like a flying suitcase", a nickname that stuck with the aircraft for its lifetime. On 21 June 1936, the prototype, powered by a pair of Bristol Pegasus P.E.5S(A) engines, conducted its maiden flight from Radlett Aerodrome, Hertfordshire, piloted by Handley-Page chief test pilot Major James Cordes. In late June 1936, the prototype was put on public display in the New Types Park, Hendon Air Show, London. In August 1936, in response to the successful flight trials performed by K4240, the Air Ministry issued an initial production order for the type, ordering 180 production aircraft to be manufactured to meet Specification B.30/36; concurrently, a second order for 100 aircraft powered by the Napier Dagger was issued to Belfast-based Short & Harland.

In early 1937, a second prototype, which received the serial number L7271, was completed; this second prototype had several differences from the first, including the pitot tube being repositioned below the fuselage, a more rounded ventral defensive gun position, and a slightly modified nose. L7271 later received a pair of Dagger engines and was accordingly re-designated as the HP.53; on 1 July 1937, it performed its first flight after having received the new engines. Another prototype, L4032, was produced to serve as the production-standard prototype; on 24 June 1938, the third prototype conducted its maiden flight. L4032 differed from the previous two prototypes in that it was powered by a pair of Pegasus XVIII engines, the nose incorporated an optically flat bomb-aiming panel, as well as the ventral and dorsal gun positions being revised.

On 24 June 1938, L4032 was officially christened by Lady Katharine Mary Montagu-Douglas-Scott, Viscountess Hampden, at a ceremony held in Radlett Aerodrome, the same day on which its first flight took place. Viscountess Hampden's speech invoked "the spirit of John Hampden, the defender of civil liberties" to inspire future crews of his namesake aircraft. L4032 and L4033, which was the second production-standard Hampden to be produced, would be later assigned to the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment at RAF Martlesham Heath, Suffolk. On 20 September 1938, the third production Hampden, designated L4034, following the completion of handling trials conducted by the Central Flying School at Upavon Aerodrome, Wiltshire, become the first aircraft to enter RAF squadron service, being delivered to No. 49 Squadron.

Production
By late 1938, the mass manufacturing plans for the Hampden had been formalised. In addition to Handley-Page's own production line, the type was to be built under subcontract by English Electric at its factory in Preston, Lancashire; on 6 August 1938, English Electric was awarded an initial contract to manufacture 75 Hampdens. In addition, Canadian interest in domestic production of the type had resulted in the establishment of the joint Anglo-Canadian Canadian Associated Aircraft company, which promptly received an initial order from the RAF for 80 Hampdens to be completed in Canada; this facility would effectively act as a shadow factory during wartime. On 1 September 1938, in response to interest expressed by the Royal Swedish Air Force (RSAF) in the Hampden, including in a potential licence production arrangement for 70 aircraft to be built in Sweden, a single production Hampden was supplied to Sweden. Designated P.5 by the RSAF, it was operated by the service until November 1945, after which it was sold to Svenska Aeroplan AB (SAAB) to serve as a flying testbed before being retired in late 1947.

On 22 February 1940, the first Preston-built Hampden, P2062, conducted its maiden flight. English Electric would go on to manufacture a total of 770 Hampdens, more than any other company, before delivering its final aircraft on 15 March 1942. In July 1940, Handley-Page terminated its own production line for the Hampden upon the completion of its 500th aircraft. On 9 August 1940, the first Canadian-built Hampden, P5298, made its debut flight; by October 1940, Canadian production had risen to 15 aircraft per month. A total of 160 Hampdens were completed by Canadian Associated Aircraft, many of which were ferried to the United Kingdom for wartime service. The final Canadian-built aircraft was delivered in late 1941.

Design
The Hampden Mk I had a pilot, navigator/bomb aimer, radio operator and rear gunner. Conceived as a fast, manoeuvrable "fighting bomber", the Hampden had a fixed forward-firing .303 in (7.7 mm) Browning machine gun in the upper part of the fuselage nose. To avoid the weight penalties of powered turrets, the Hampden had a curved Perspex nose fitted with a manual .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers K machine gun and a .303 in (7.7 mm) Vickers K installation in the rear upper and lower positions. The layout was similar to the all-guns-forward cockpits introduced about the same time in Luftwaffe medium bombers, notably the Dornier Do 17. During the Norwegian Campaign, these guns proved to be thoroughly inadequate for self-defence in daylight; the single guns were replaced by twin Vickers K guns, a process led by Air Vice Marshal Arthur Harris of No. 5 Group RAF in 1940.

The Hampden had a flush-rivetted stressed skin, reinforced with a mixture of bent and extruded sections in an all-metal monocoque design. A split-assembly construction technique was employed: sections were prefabricated and then joined, to enable rapid and economic manufacture. The fuselage was in three big sections – front, centre and rear – that were built using jigs. The centre and rear sections were made of two halves, which meant that the sections could be fitted out in part under better working conditions prior to assembly. All possible assembly work was performed at the benches prior to installation upon each aircraft.

The wings were made up of three large units: centre section, port outer wing and starboard outer wing, which were also subdivided. Each section was built around a main girder spar, leading edge section and trailing edge section. The wing made use of wingtip slots and hydraulically actuated trailing edge flaps; the flaps and ailerons had stress-bearing D-spars. According to Moyes, the configuration of the wing was a key feature of Hampden, being highly tapered and designed to exert low levels of drag; these attributes were responsible for the aircraft's high top speed for the era of  while retaining a reasonably low landing speed of .

The Hampden's flying qualities were typically described as being favourable; Moyes described it as being "extraordinarily mobile on the controls". Pilots were provided with a high level of external visibility, assisting the execution of steep turns and other manoeuvres. The control layout required some familiarisation, as some elements such as the hydraulic controls were unobtrusive and unintuitive. Upon introduction, the Hampden exhibited greater speeds and initial climb rates than any of its contemporaries while still retaining favourable handling qualities.

The slim and compact fuselage of the aircraft was quite cramped, being wide enough only for a single person. The navigator sat behind the pilot and access in the cockpit required folding down the seats. Once in place, the crew had almost no room to move and were typically uncomfortable during long missions. Aircrews referred to the Hampden by various nicknames due to this, such as Flying Suitcase, Panhandle, and Flying Tadpole.

The newest of the three medium bombers, the Hampden was often referred to by aircrews as the "Flying Suitcase" because of its cramped crew conditions, or more plausibly, because of the unusually thin, deep, slab-sided and rectangular shape of the fuselage was reminiscent of that of a suitcase.

Operational history

UK service

In September 1938, No. 49 Squadron received the first Hampdens; by the end of the year, both 49 and 83 Squadrons at RAF Scampton had re-equipped with the type. A total of 226 Hampdens were in service with ten squadrons by the start of the Second World War, with six forming the operational strength of 5 Group of Bomber Command based in Lincolnshire.

With the outbreak of war in 1939, Hampdens were initially used to perform armed aerial reconnaissance missions, observing German naval activity during daylight. However, despite its speed and manoeuvrability, the Hampden proved to be no match for Luftwaffe fighters; in December 1939, Bomber Command is claimed to have discarded the belief that aircraft such as the Hampden could realistically operate by day and instead chose to predominantly employ them under the cover of darkness during nighttime operations. During 1940, Hampdens of 5 Group conducted 123 nighttime airborne leaflet propaganda missions, losing only a single aircraft in the process.

On 13 April 1940, days after Germany's invasion of Norway, a large number of Hampdens were dispatched on night-time mine-laying (code-named "gardening") flights in the North Sea in areas deemed unapproachable by British shipping. According to Moyes, this activity proved highly effective, experiencing a low casualty rate of less than 1.9 aircraft per mission. The Hampden also saw a return to its use as a daytime bomber during the Norwegian Campaign, but quickly proved to be under-gunned in the face of German fighters.

On 19 March 1940, Hampdens took part in the first deliberate bombing of German soil in a nighttime raid upon the seaplane hangars and slipways in Hörnum, Sylt. The type continued to operate at night on bombing raids over Germany. Flight Lieutenant Rod Learoyd of 49 Squadron was awarded the Victoria Cross for a low-level attack on the Dortmund-Ems canal on 12 August 1940 where two of five aircraft failed to return. On 25 August 1940, Hampdens from various squadrons participated in the RAF's first bombing raid on Berlin. Sergeant John Hannah was the wireless operator/air gunner of an 83 Squadron Hampden and was awarded the Victoria Cross on 15 September 1940, when he fought the flames of the burning aircraft, allowing the pilot to return it to base.

In April 1942, the Hampden-equipped 144 Squadron and 455 Squadron RAAF were transferred from Bomber Command to Coastal Command to perform the torpedo bomber role. Later that year, detachments from both squadrons were dispatched to Vaenga airfield, Murmansk, Russia, to help safeguard the Arctic convoys in the vicinity. A total of four squadrons assigned to Coastal Command would be equipped with Hampdens. These squadrons continued to use the type into late 1943; the last Coastal Command squadron transitioned from the type on 10 December 1943.

Almost half of the Hampdens built, 714, were lost on operations, with 1,077 crew killed and 739 reported as missing. German Flak accounted for 108, one hit a German barrage balloon, 263 Hampdens crashed because of "a variety of causes" and 214 others were classed as "missing". Luftwaffe pilots claimed 128 Hampdens, shooting down 92 at night.

The last Bomber Command sorties by Hampdens were flown on the night of 14/15 September 1942 by 408 Squadron, RCAF against Wilhelmshaven. After being withdrawn from Bomber Command in 1942, it operated with RAF Coastal Command until 1943 as a long-range torpedo bomber (the Hampden TB Mk I with a Mk XII torpedo in an open bomb bay and a  bomb under each wing) and as a maritime reconnaissance aircraft.

Non-UK service

The Hampden was also used by the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF), Aviatsiya Voenno-Morskogo Flota (AV-MF: Maritime Military Fleet Aviation) of the Soviet Union and the Swedish Flygvapnet (Air Force).

The Hampden in RCAF service included the 160 examples manufactured in Canada by the Canadian Associated Aircraft consortium. Of the total built, 84 were shipped by sea to Great Britain, while the remainder came to Patricia Bay (Victoria Airport) B.C., to set up No. 32 OTU (RAF) used for bombing and gunnery training. Typical exercises at 32 OTU consisted of patrolling up the West Coast of Vancouver Island at night or flying out into the Pacific to a navigational map co-ordinate, often in adverse and un-forecast inclement weather. Due to attrition from accidents, about 200 "war weary" Hampdens were later flown from the U.K. to Patricia Bay as replacements.

In Operation Orator, during September 1942, the crews of 32 Hampden TB.1 torpedo bombers from No. 144 Squadron RAF and No. 455 Squadron RAAF flew to Northwest Russia, to protect arctic convoy PQ 18 from German surface vessels, such the battleship Tirpitz. The Hampden crews flew from Sumburgh in the Shetland Islands to Vaenga (Vayenga; later known as Severomorsk) in Murmansk Oblast, Russia. This was a hazardous route, often subject to poor weather and spanning more than , partly over enemy-occupied territory in Norway and Finland. Eight Hampdens were lost or damaged beyond repair en route. 144 and 455 Squadrons flew a small number of sorties from Vaenga. While it was originally intended that the Hampdens would be flown back to Scotland, the prevailing west–east headwinds on such a flight might have pushed the Hampdens beyond their maximum endurance and it was decided to transport the wing's personnel back to Britain by sea and gift the Hampdens to the Soviet Navy.

Aircrews and mechanics from Maritime Military Fleet Aviation (Aviatsiya Voenno-Morskogo Flota; VMF) were trained by members of 144 and 455 Squadrons, before their return to Britain in October. The 3rd Squadron, 24th Mine-Torpedo Aviation Regiment (24 Минно-торпедный авиаполк; 24 MTAP) operated the "balalaika" – the Russian nickname for the Hampden, in reference to its unusual shape – until mid-1943, when losses, a lack of replacements and a shortage of spares forced its retirement. 24 MTAP then reverted to the Ilyushin DB-3/Ilyushin Il-4.

In Sweden, the Flygvapnet assigned an HP.52 to Reconnaissance Wing F 11 at Nyköping for evaluation, under the designation P5. After the war, the aircraft was sold to SAAB where it was used as an avionics testbed.

Variants
The Hampden was powered by two  Bristol Pegasus XVIII nine-cylinder radial engines. A Mk II variant, designated the HP.62, was developed by converting two Hampdens to use the  Wright Cyclone engine in 1940, but no further work was done on that project.

Interest in the HP.52 by the Swedish Air Force led to the creation of the HP.53 prototype, which was subsequently used as a testbed for a pair of  Napier Dagger VIII 24-cylinder H-block air-cooled inline engines.

In August 1936, the Air Ministry placed an order for 100 Hampdens equipped with the Dagger engine. Those aircraft subsequently received the designation HP.53, along with the name Hereford. Manufactured by Short & Harland in Belfast, their performance was almost identical to that of their Hampden cousins, but there were problems with the engines. The Dagger engine proved to be noisy and unreliable. Cooling problems plagued the engine while being run on the ground, resulting in distortions and premature failures. The problems were not satisfactorily resolved, with the result that most of the Herefords on order were converted to Hampdens, while those that were constructed were often re-engined to become Hampdens. A limited number of Herefords did enter squadron service but were only used by training units.

Operators

Hampden

 Royal Australian Air Force
 No. 455 Squadron RAAF Used between July 1941 and December 1943, Codeletters UB.

 Royal Canadian Air Force
 No. 408 (Goose) Squadron RCAF Used with RAF Bomber Command between July 1941 and September 1942, Codeletters EQ
 No. 415 (Swordfish) Squadron RCAF Used as a torpedo bomber with RAF Coastal Command between February 1942 and November 1943, Codeletters GX
 No. 420 (Snowy Owl) Squadron RCAF Used with RAF Bomber Command between December 1941 and August 1942, Codeletters PT
 No. 32 Operational Training Unit RAF/RCAF Used in Canada between May 1942 and February 1944, Codeletters DK, LB, OP and RO

 Royal New Zealand Air Force
 No. 489 Squadron RNZAF Used between February 1942 and November 1943, Codeletters XA

 Soviet Naval Aviation
 24th Mine-Torpedo Aviation Regiment (24 MTAP)

 Swedish Air Force
 Reconnaissance Wing F 11 based at Nyköping operated a single HP.52 for evaluation under designation P 5. After the war, the aircraft was sold to SAAB where it was operated for testing avionics.

 Royal Air Force
 No. 7 Squadron RAF  – April 1939 to April 1940, code letters LT (pre-war) and MG (wartime)
 No. 44 Squadron RAF – February 1939 and December 1941, code letters JW (pre-war) and KM (wartime)
 No. 49 Squadron RAF – October 1938 and April 1942, code letters XU (pre-war) and EA (wartime)
 No. 50 Squadron RAF – December 1938 and April 1942, code letters QX (pre-war) and VN (wartime)
 No. 61 Squadron RAF – February 1939 and October 1941, code letters LS (pre-war) and QR (wartime)
 No. 76 Squadron RAF – March 1939 and April 1940, code letters NM (pre-war) and MP (wartime)
 No. 83 Squadron RAF – November 1938 and January 1942, code letters QQ (pre-war) and OL (wartime)
 No. 97 Squadron RAF – July/August 1941, squadron code OF
 No. 106 Squadron RAF – March 1939 to March 1942, code letters XS (pre-war) and ZN (wartime)
 No. 144 Squadron RAF – March 1939 to October 1942, code letters NV (pre-war) and PL (wartime)
 No. 185 Squadron RAF – June 1939 to April 1940, code letters ZM (pre-war) and GL (wartime)
 No. 207 Squadron RAF – July/August 1941, squadron code EM
 No. 517 Squadron RAF – August to November 1943,
 No. 519 Squadron RAF – August to November 1943, code letters Z9
 No. 521 Squadron RAF – September to December 1943, code letters 5O
 No. 5 (C)OTU RAF Used between July 1942 and September 1943, Only individual code letters and numbers
 No. 14 Operational Training Unit RAF Used between 5 May 1940 and December 1942, code letters AM, GL and VB
 No. 16 Operational Training Unit RAF Used between 18 April 1940 and September 1942, code letters GA, JS and XG
 No. 25 Operational Training Unit RAF Used between February and December 1941, code letters ZP
 No. 1401 (Meteorological) Flight RAF at RAF Bircham Newton/RAF Docking
 No. 1402 (Meteorological) Flight RAF at Aldergrove
 No. 1403 (Meteorological) Flight RAF at Gosport/Bircham Newton/Gibraltar
 No. 1404 (Meteorological) Flight RAF at St. Eval
 No. 1406 (Meteorological) Flight RAF at Wick
 No. 1407 (Meteorological) Flight RAF at Reykjavik

Hereford

 Royal Air Force
 No. 185 Squadron RAF at Cottesmore used in April 1940.
 No. 14 Operational Training Unit at Cottesmore used from April 1940.
 No. 16 Operational Training Unit at Upper Heyford, Oxfordshire, used from 7 May 1940.
 Torpedo Development Unit at Gosport operated one aircraft.

Survivors

No Hampdens remain in flying condition today, although examples do remain on display or undergoing restoration:

Hampden I P1344
Recovered from a crash-site in Russia in 1991, the aircraft is being reconstructed at the Michael Beetham Conservation Centre at the Royal Air Force Museum Cosford. During the Second World War, it served with No. 144 Squadron RAF, part of Coastal Command. In September 1942, the squadron was transferred to the Kola Peninsula in northern Russia to help protect the Arctic convoys. While in transit over Finland, P1344 accidentally flew close by a German airfield and was shot down by two scrambled Messerschmitt Bf 109s. It crashed in a wooded area of the Kola Peninsula, with three crew members killed and two taken prisoner. After its recovery by another party, the RAF Museum gained ownership of the aircraft in 1992. It was reported in 2016 that, with the help of volunteers, work on the fuselage could be completed by 2018.
An update in October 2020 stated that "aircraft now has all four fuselage components fully assembled, attached and painted in its original 144 Squadron colour scheme and serial number". It was expected to be moved to the RAF Museum London.

Hampden, P5436
 This aircraft has been reconstructed largely from parts of the last Canadian-built example, ditched on a training flight in November 1942 when the pilot lost control after a practice torpedo drop. The remains were recovered from 600 ft of water in Saanich Inlet on Vancouver Island in 1989. Along with recovered components from two other Hampden crashes in Canada, reconstruction was about 97 per cent complete by 2007. The restored aircraft became the showpiece exhibit at the Canadian Museum of Flight at Langley, British Columbia, in the Fraser Valley, east of Vancouver.
In January 2009, a heavy snowfall snapped off the aircraft's left wing. Despite the efforts of Museum staff to clear the accumulating snow, the wing's internal structure failed and the wing separated from the fuselage, falling onto a display case containing one of the aircraft's original engines. The wing suffered considerable damage and there was additional damage to the tail and propeller. The wing had largely been restored using wood parts because most of the metal parts of the wing structure had corroded so it did not possess the structural integrity of the original aircraft. The museum is currently seeking donations to repair the aircraft. The repairs, in 2011, included the mating of the wing and propeller to the fuselage and engine. As of November 2013, the repairs to the CMF Handley Page Hampden have been completed. The wing has been re-secured and the complete aircraft has been repainted. By 20 April 2015 the two gunner sections were open.

The Wings Aviation Museum in the United Kingdom owns the wings and tail of "P1273"; the Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Centre is currently restoring AE436 to flying condition. Both of these were also 144 Squadron aircraft, lost during the transfer to Russia. The former, "P1273" was shot down by mistake by Soviet fighters over Petsamo. The latter was lost over Sweden, its remains discovered in a remote region by hikers in 1976.

In popular culture
The HP Hampden had a featured role in The Big Blockade, a 1941 Second World War propaganda film showing "blockade" bombing and its effects on the German war industry, with Michael Rennie and John Mills as two of its four-man crew.

Specifications (Hampden Mk I)

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography
 Barnes, C.H. and Derek N. James. Handley Page Aircraft since 1907. London: Putnam & Company, 1987. .
 Bowyer, Chaz. Hampden Special. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1976. .
 Clayton, Donald C. Handley Page, an Aircraft Album. Shepperton, Surrey, UK: Ian Allan Ltd., 1969. .
 Crosby, Francis. The World Encyclopedia of Bombers. London: Anness Publishing Ltd., 2007. .
 Day, Jerry. "Hurt Hampden." Air Classics, Volume 45, Issue 4, April 2009
 Donald, David and Jon Lake, eds. Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft. London: AIRtime Publishing, 1996. .
 Eden, Paul (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Aircraft of World War II. London: Amber Books, 2004. .
 Green, William. Famous Bombers of the Second World War. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1977. .
 Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: RAF Bombers, Part 2. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 2nd edition revised 1981. .
 Gunston, Bill. Classic World War II Aircraft Cutaways. London: Osprey, 1995. .
 "Hampden: Defender of Liberty". Air International, Vol. 27, No. 5, November 1984. pp. 244–252.
 Mondey, David. The Hamlyn Concise Guide to British Aircraft of World War II. London: Hamlyn/Aerospace, 1982. .
 Moyes, Philip J.R. Bomber Squadrons of the RAF and their Aircraft. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1964 (2nd edition 1976). .
 Moyes, Philip J.R. The Handley Page Hampden (Aircraft in Profile 58). Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications Ltd., 1965.
 Moyes, Philip J.R. Royal Air Force Bombers of World War Two, Volume Two. Chalfont St. Giles, Buckinghamshire, UK: Hylton Lacy Publishers, 1968. .
 Moyle, Harry. The Hampden File. Tonbridge, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd., 1989. .
 Postlethwaite, Mark. Hampden Squadrons in Focus. Walton on Thames, UK: Red Kite, 2003. .
 Richards, Denis. The Hardest Victory: RAF Bomber Command in the Second World War. London: Cornet, 1995. .

 Roberts, Nicholas. Crash Log: Handley Page Hampden & Hereford. Earl Shilton, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1980. .
 Thetford, Owen. Aircraft of the Royal Air Force 1918–1957. London: Putnam, 1957.

External links

 Hampden at the Canadian Museum of Flight

1930s British bomber aircraft
World War II British bombers
Hampden
Aircraft first flown in 1936
Mid-wing aircraft
Twin piston-engined tractor aircraft

Handley Page Hampden


Emilio Salgari (21. ágúst 1862 – 25. apríl 1911) var ítalskur rithöfundur þekktur fyrir vinsælar ævintýrasögur frá framandi slóðum. Hann skrifaði um 80 skáldsögur, en með smásögum voru sögur hans um 200 talsins og skiptast í nokkrar sagnaraðir sem fjalla um sjóræningja, loftferðir og villta vestrið. Þær þekktustu eru sögurnar um "Malasíutígurinn" Sandokan sem gerast á Borneó og svarta sjóræningjann (Il corsaro nero) sem gerast í Karíbahafi. Salgari, sem hafði hætt námi við sjómannaskóla í Feneyjum, ferðaðist aldrei út fyrir Adríahafið en byggði sögur sínar á kortabókum og alfræðiritum sem hann las á bókasöfnum.

Þótt sögur Salgaris næðu miklum vinsældum auðgaðist hann ekki á þeim sjálfur. Lengst af bjó hann við fátækt og safnaði skuldum. Vegna samninga við forlagið neyddist hann til að skrifa þrjár skáldsögur á ári, sem þýddi minnst þrjár blaðsíður á dag. Hann skrifaði því nær stöðugt og keðjureykti á meðan, sem kom niður á heilsu hans. Hann giftist leikkonunni Idu Peruzzi árið 1892 og átti með henni fjögur börn. Hún tók að veikjast af geðsjúkdómi 1903 sem íþyngdi efnahag fjölskyldunnar. Árið 1909 reyndi hann fyrst sjálfsmorð, en var bjargað af dóttur sinni. Árið 1911 tók hann svo eigið líf með rakhníf.

Bækur Salgaris náðu miklum vinsældum, einkum á Ítalíu, Spáni, Portúgal og í Suður-Ameríku. Meðal þeirra sem nefnt hafa Salgari sem áhrifavald eru Che Guevara, Sergio Leone, Federico Fellini, Umberto Eco, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Jorge Luis Borges og Isabel Allende. Ýmis bókaforlög misnotuðu frægð hans og fengu aðra höfunda til að skrifa nýjar sögur inn í þau sögusvið sem Salgari hafði skapað og undir hans nafni. Þannig eru til yfir 50 bækur eignaðar Salgari en skrifaðar af öðrum. Yfir 50 kvikmyndir og sjónvarpsþættir hafa verið gerð eftir sögum hans í gegnum tíðina. Meðal þeirra þekktustu er sjónvarpsþáttaröðin Sandokan eftir Sergio Sollima frá 1976 með indverska leikaranum Kabir Bedi í titilhlutverkinu. Stórmyndin Cabiria frá 1914 byggir auk þess að stórum hluta á sögulegu skáldsögunni Cartagine in fiamme eftir Salgari.

Ítalskir rithöfundar
Dauðsföll af völdum sjálfsmorða

Emilio Salgari


Pertyoideae, potporodica glavočika. Sastoji se od jednog tribusa, Pertyeae, sa šest rodova, a ime je dobila po rodu Pertya.

Rodovi
 Pertya Sch. Bip. (29 spp.)
 Ainsliaea DC. (54 spp.)
 Catamixis Thomson (1 sp.)

Izvori

Glavočike

Pertyoideae


Indre Fosen er en kommune på halvøen Fosen i Trøndelag. Indre Fosen består af de tidligere kommuner Rissa i Sør-Trøndelag og Leksvik i Nord-Trøndelag, som slog sig sammen til en kommune den 1. januar 2018, samtidig med Trøndelag blev slået sammen til et fylke.

Indre Fosen grænser mod Åfjord og Verran i nord, Bjugn i nordvest og Inderøy i nordøst, og mod Frosta, Trondheim, Agdenes i Trondheimsfjorden.

Administrationen af den nye kommune ligger i Årnset i den tidligere Rissa kommune.

Geografi

Indre Fosen ligger på Fosenhalvøen, ved Trondheimsfjorden, op til Stjørnfjorden mellem Ørland, Bjugn og Rissa. Området består af et kuperet landskab, med toppe op mod 600 moh. Ytre Skurvhatten er det højeste punkt i kommunen, med sine 622,6 moh. Mellem Leksvik og Vanvikan ligger fjeldet Kjerringklumpen, som med sine 602 moh var det højeste punkt i Leksvik. I Indre Fosen ligger Fosens største sø, Storvatnet.

Samfund

Uddannelse
Der er 7 grundskoler i Indre Fosen, hvoraf en af dem er en privatskole, Skaugdalen montessoriskole. De andre er Fevåg/Hasselvika, Mælan, Stadsbygd, Testmann Minne, Vanvikan og Åsly skoler.

Der er to videregående skoler i kommunen, Leksvik videregående skole og Rissa videregående skole.

Politik

Borgmester i Indre Fosen er tidligere Leksvik-ordfører Steinar Saghaug i Høyre.

Byer og bygder

Der ligger flere bygder og en del byer i kommunen, blant annet Leksvik, Rissa, Vanvikan, Hasselvika, Stadsbygd og Råkvåg.

Det er 8 kirker i Indre Fosen, Rissa kirke, Leksvik kirke, Stranda kirke, Stadsbygd kirke, Rein kirke, Hasselvika kirke, Ramsvik kirke og Frengen kapell. Tidligere lå Hindrum kirke i Leksvik, men den blev nedrevet i 1897, men genopbygget igen i 2010, som en kopi af Haltdalen kirke.

Kultur

Kommunevåbnet
Indre Fosens kommunevåben er Leksviks gamle kommunevåben. Det er i blåt en indbøjet sølvspids som ender i et kløverblad. Våbnet blev godkendt i 1990 som Leksviks kommunevåben og blev tegnet af Einar H. Skjervold.

Seværdigheder
 Rein kloster
 Rein kirke
 Museet Kystens Arv
 Råkvåg med bryggerøkker og kystkulturmiljø
 Rissaraset
 Rissa kirke
 Stadsbygd kirke
 Hasselvika kirke
 Ramsvik kapell
 Helleristningerne på Stykket
 Serberhytta
 Våttån
 Amborneset
 Leksvik kirke
 Stranda kirke
 Hindrum kirke
 Minnesmærke om Anders Solli
 Bjørnåa

Historie

Tidlig historie
Det findes spor af menneskelig aktivitet fra tidligt i yngre stenalder, for omkring 5000-5500 år siden. Helleristningene på Stykket i Stadsbygd (elgfigurer) vidner om en tid da menneskene i Trøndelag endnu levede af fiskeri og fangst, foruden indsamling af skaldyr, planter og rødder. På Amborneset i Leksvik er der også fundet spor af mennesker fra bronze- og jernalderen, og muligvis tilbage til stenalderen.

Ved hjælp af navneforskning kan man temmelig sikkert slå fast at der har boet mennesker i kommunen fra før vikingetid (yngre jernalder). Eksempler her er navne som ender på vin og heim: Grenne (Granvin), Dæli (Dalvin), Askjem og Solem. Formentlig var der stor befolkningstilvækst her i tidlig vikingetid, hvilket alle «-stad»navne vidner om: Vemundstad, Fenstad, Hermstad, Baustad, Denstad. Navneforskningen fortæller os at der i hele vikingetiden var fast bosættning omtrent i de samme områder som hvor der bor folk i dag, over tusind år senere.

Middelalderen
Kong Sverres sidste søslag som foregik 8. juni 1198 stod på Strindfjorden lige ud for Hindrem i Leksvik. Sverres birkebeinerhær på 1.200 mand slog Nikolaus Arnessons baglerhær. De overlevende fra baglerhæren skal have flygtet, men blev indhentet og dræbt af Sverres mænd. På Amborneset står i dag et monument efter dette slag. Monumentet blev rejst og afsløret i oktober 2005.

I slutningen af middelalderen skal der også være bygget en stavkirke på Hindrem som bliver nævnt i Trondhjems reformats 1589, «Hindareims kirkja». Frem mod 1650'erne var denne kirke faldefærdig og kirkebyggeren Ole Jonsen Hindrum blev engageret til at reparere den. Nyt tårn og spir stod færdig i 1653, men man frygtede at kirken skulle falle sammen så man bestemte sig for at bygge en helt ny kirke. Denne stod færdig i 1665 og var af tømmer. Hindrum kirke stod til 1895 da den blev nedrevet og tømmeret solgt til byggning af en bygård i Trondheim.

Moderne historie
Tidligere Rissa kommune var et resultat af en kommunesammenlægning i 1964, da kommunerne Rissa, Stadsbygd og Stjørna blev slået sammen til en storkommune. Leksvik har aldrig haft grænseændringer siden kommunen blev oprettet i 1837, før den blev slået sammen med Rissa i 2018.

Rissaskreddet
Rissaskreddet var et lerskred i Rissa den 29. april 1978. Kviklerskreddet er det største som har ramt Norge i 1900-tallet da over 20 huse og landbrug blev taget af skredet og én person omkom.

Kilder og henvisninger

 Indre Fosen kommune

Trøndelag
Etableret i 2018

Indre Fosen


Fonte de Angeão ist eine Gemeinde im zentralportugiesischen Kreis Vagos (Distrikt Aveiro). Sie umfasst eine Fläche von  km² und hat  Einwohner (Stand ).

Die Gemeinde liegt etwa 14 Kilometer südlich der Kreisstadt Vagos am Rand eines großen Waldgebietes. Neben dem Hauptort gehören zu ihr auch die Ortschaften Parada de Cima, Rines und Gandara. Sie entstand 1965 durch Abtrennung von der Freguesia Covão do Lobo. Wirtschaftlich ist der Ort von Landwirtschaft geprägt.

Das Patrozinium des Ortes ist Mariä Himmelfahrt, das jährlich am 15. August gefeiert wird.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Vagos

Fonte de Angeão


أولاد هلال بلدية بدائرة أولاد عنتر ولاية المدية الجزائرية.

المصادر

أماكن مأهولة في ولاية المدية
أولاد هلال

أولاد هلال


Nelson Webster Dewey (December 19, 1813July 21, 1889) was an American pioneer, lawyer, and politician. He was the first Governor of Wisconsin.

Early life
Dewey was born in Lebanon, Connecticut, on December 19, 1813, to Ebenezer and Lucy (née Webster) Dewey.  His father's family had lived in New England since 1633, when their ancestor Thomas Due came to America from Kent County, England.

Dewey's family moved to Butternuts, New York (now called Morris) the year following his birth and he attended school there and in Louisville, New York.  At the age of 16, he began attending the Hamilton Academy in Hamilton, New York. He attended the academy for three years, and then returned to Butternut to teach.

Ebenezer Dewey, Dewey's father, was a lawyer, and wished his son to join the same profession. Dewey began studying law in 1833, first with his father, then with the law firm Hanen & Davies, then with Samuel S. Bowne in Cooperstown, New York. He left Bowne in May 1836, and in June of that year arrived in the lead-mining region of Galena, Illinois, working as a clerk for Daniels, Dennison & Co., a firm of land speculators from New York. About a week after he arrived, he moved to Cassville, Wisconsin. He became a citizen of the territory in 1836. Daniels, Dennison & Co. had purchased the land on which Cassville was built, and their plan was to develop and promote the village in the hopes that it grow and eventually be chosen as the capital of the Wisconsin Territory or of a future state.

Territorial politics

On March 4, 1837, Dewey was elected Register of Deeds for the newly formed Grant County; he was appointed the county's Justice of the Peace by Territorial Governor Henry Dodge the same year. He was, and continued to be for the rest of his political career, a member of the Democratic Party. When Daniels, Dennison & Co.'s business plans collapsed in 1838, after Madison was chosen to be the capital, Dewey moved to Lancaster, Wisconsin, where he was admitted to the bar in an examination held by Charles Dunn, the chief justice of the Supreme Court of the Wisconsin Territory; he was appointed district attorney of Grant County that same year. As a lawyer, he entered into a partnership with J. Allen Barber, which lasted from 1840 until May 1848.  Together, they became well known in Wisconsin's lead-mining region, acquiring mines and investing in mining companies.

In November 1838, Dewey was elected to the territorial assembly as representative from Grant County; he was reelected in 1840 and became that body's speaker for one session. He served as an assemblyman until 1842, when the voters of Grant County elected him to the territorial council; during the 1846 session, during which an upcoming convention which would produce a draft constitution for the State of Wisconsin was discussed, he served as the council's president. He failed to be re-elected in 1846, due to a new Whig majority in Grant County.

Governor of Wisconsin

1848 election
With the pending ratification of the new Constitution of Wisconsin, and the upcoming election for the new state's officers, the Democratic Party held a convention to nominate its candidate for Governor of Wisconsin. During the writing and attempts at ratification of the state's constitution in 1847 and 1848, the state party had become divided into two major factions, one centered in the lead-mining regions, and another centered in the eastern portion of the state. Each faction favored its own candidate for governor: Hiram Barber from the lead-region faction and Morgan L. Martin from the eastern faction; after neither candidate could gather enough votes to secure the nomination, the two factions began searching for a compromise candidate. They decided on Nelson Dewey, who was not associated with either faction. The party also hoped that Dewey might attract voters from the now Whig-majority Grant County.

The election was held on May 8, 1848, and Dewey defeated the Whig candidate, John Hubbard Tweedy, and the independent Charles Durkee becoming the first governor of the State of Wisconsin. John E. Holmes, also a Democrat, was elected lieutenant governor in the same election.

Also in May, Dewey's law and business partnership with Barber came to an end; by the time of its dissolution, Dewey was known to be one of the leading men in Wisconsin.

First term
Dewey's first term as governor began on June 7, 1848, and lasted until January 7, 1850. During his time as governor, Dewey oversaw the transition from the territorial to the new state government. He encouraged the development of the state's infrastructure, particularly the construction of new roads, railroads, canals, and harbors, as well as the improvement of the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers. During his administration, the State Board of Public Works was organized.

Dewey was known for opposing the spread of slavery into new states and territories and for advocating the popular election of U.S. Senators.

Near the end of his term, he married Catherine Dunn, (or Katherine) the daughter of Charles Dunn, the former chief justice of Wisconsin Territory.

1849 election
During Dewey's first term as governor, the Wisconsin Legislature passed an act decreeing that the biennial elections for governor would begin in 1849; that year, in an election held in November, Dewey again defeated the Whig candidate, Alexander Collins, and the Free Soiler Warren Chase.  Samuel W. Beall, also a Democrat, was elected lieutenant governor in the same election.

Dewey was elected the first president of the Wisconsin Historical Society the same year.

Second term
Dewey's second term began on January 7, 1850 and lasted until January 5, 1852.

Dewey lost much popular support during his terms as governor, due both to his inability to overcome the factionalism within his own party and to his association with Wisconsin's lead-mining regions, which were losing power in Wisconsin politics.  He chose not to run for a third term.

Later life
After his time as governor, Dewey returned to Lancaster, where he speculated in real estate. He remained active in politics, however: in 1853, Dewey ran against Chief Justice Orasmus Cole for a seat in the Wisconsin State Senate for Wisconsin's Sixteenth District; he was elected by a majority of three votes, serving a two-year term. Throughout the remainder of his life, he was a delegate to most of the state conventions of the Democratic Party. From 1854 until 1865, he was regent of the University of Wisconsin. During his time in Lancaster, Dewey served at various times as the chairman of the town board of supervisor and a member of the school board.

In 1854, Dewey and his wife Catherine began to plan to begin anew the development of Cassville, once the goal of Daniels, Dennison & Co.  In 1855, he was able to purchase the village under foreclosure; he remodelled the village plot and repaired the Denniston House, a hotel which had been built by the now-defunct firm, at a cost of $15,000; his ultimate hope was that Cassville would be developed into a large city. He also acquired about  of land northwest of Cassville, on which he built a three-story Gothic-revival mansion, which he named "Stonefield", at a cost of about $70,000; he expended another $30,000 on eleven miles (18 km) of stone fence. It was said that to have been the most modern house in Wisconsin at that time. At this time, Dewey employed around forty to fifty men as a means of returning money to Cassville; it is said that this was the origin of the prosperity of several of Cassville's residents.

Dewey lived in Cassville for the rest of his life, except the time from 1858 until 1863, when he lived at Platteville, Wisconsin. In 1863, Dewey unsuccessfully ran for Lieutenant Governor; he also lost his 1869 and 1871 attempts at re-election to State Senate.

Dewey's Cassville project was attracting few people, so he began investing in a railroad line to the village. On January 2, 1873, Dewey's mansion was destroyed in a fire, and he was forced to give up the property to pay his creditors.  His property passed into the ownership of Walter C. Newberry of Chicago. Also this year, Dewey lost his entire investment in the railroad line during the Panic of 1873. At some time during this period, Dewey was involved in another financial setback involving the estate of the deceased Ben Eastman, a former Congressman, of which he was the executor. Dewey returned to his law practice.

In 1874, Governor William R. Taylor appointed Dewey to the board of directors of the State Prison at Waupun; he served on the board until 1881.

On February 22, 1889, Dewey suffered a stroke while at court in Lancaster. He was paralyzed and was brought home to Cassville the next day.  He was not well prior to this, and was apparently aware of the possibility of becoming paralyzed. From the time of his paralysis, he was almost entirely confined to bed. He died in poverty at the Denniston House, which he had helped rebuild, a few minutes past midnight on the morning of July 21, 1889, after being unconscious for the previous forty-eight hours. He was seventy-five years old.

Dewey was at one time considered a wealthy man, but by the time of his death, he had little money. Dewey was buried on July 23, 1889, in the Episcopal cemetery in Lancaster, next to the graves of his brother Orin and his son Charlie.

Personal life
Dewey married Catherine Dunn in 1849 during his first term as governor. The couple had three children: a daughter Katie, whose married name was later Cole, a son, Nelson Jr., who at the time of Dewey's death lived in the West, and another son, Charlie, who died in 1869, while still a child.

In 1886, Dewey filed for a divorce from his wife, but the matter never came to trial. Catherine eventually moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where her daughter and son-in-law lived.

Dewey had a brother named William Dewey, who survived him, and another brother, Orin, who died in 1840. He also a third brother, John J. Dewey, who was a physician who lived in Saint Paul, Minnesota and was a member of the Minnesota Territorial Legislature.

Dewey was called a "friend of the poor" and known for his generosity.

Political views
Dewey was a member of the Democratic Party. He opposed the spread of slavery into new states and territories and advocated electing United States senators by popular vote.  He was described as one of "the old guard that never surrendered".

Legacy
Nelson Dewey State Park was created in 1935 using land from Dewey's former Stonefield estate.

An 11 mile portion of Wisconsin state highway 81 from Cassville to the intersection of state highway 35 in Grant County was designated Nelson Dewey Memorial Highway by the Wisconsin Legislature.

The former Nelson Dewey Generating Station was named after the governor.

Footnotes

References

External links
Governor Nelson Dewey, Dictionary of Wisconsin History
Governor Nelson Dewey

1813 births
1889 deaths
People from Lebanon, Connecticut
American people of English descent
Democratic Party governors of Wisconsin
Members of the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature
Democratic Party Wisconsin state senators
People from Cassville, Wisconsin
People from Morris, New York
19th-century American politicians
Burials in Wisconsin
19th-century American Episcopalians
Wisconsin pioneers

Nelson Dewey


CD+G (also known as CD-G, CD+Graphics and TV-Graphics) is an extension of the compact disc standard that can present low-resolution graphics alongside the audio data on the disc when played on a compatible device. CD+G discs are often used for karaoke machines, which use this functionality to present on-screen lyrics for the song contained on the disc. The CD+G specifications were published by Philips and Sony as an extension of the Red Book (CD standard) specifications.

The first CD to be released with CD+G graphics was Eat or Be Eaten by Firesign Theatre in 1985. The CD+EG is a similar format that allows for better graphics, but has very rarely been implemented in releases.

Design
The CD+G format takes advantage of the six Compact Disc subcode channels R through W (which are unused in standard Compact Disc Digital Audio), to provide 6 extra bits in CD+G for graphics information per 24 bytes of audio data. When a disc is read at normal speed, these six channels provide only 28.8 kbit/s for graphics, which is enough to provide primitive visuals but which is dwarfed by modern bitrates (for comparison see ).

In the CD+G system, 16-color (4-bit) raster graphics are constructed using tiled rendering with 6×12 pixel tiles (6 pixels wide and 12 lines high). These tiles are typically font definitions for text (such as for karaoke or info about the music). But the tiles can be used in any manner that tile rending permits, such as for fragments which combine together to represent a picture, or simply for patterns to decorate the background. These tiles are displayed in the main central 288×192 pixel area which is surrounded by a 1-tile thick border (for a total raster field of 300×216 pixels). The 16 colors are defined in a color table, which can be manipulated to change the color scheme and simulate primitive animations.

Instruction Set
The main instructions for manipulating graphics are:
 Memory Preset: Set the screen to a particular color.
 Border Preset: Set the border of the screen to a particular color.
 Tile Block (Normal): Load a 12x6 tile, 2 color tile and display it normally.
 Scroll Preset: Scroll the image, filling in the new area with a color.
 Scroll Copy: Scroll the image, rotating the bits back around.
 Define Transparent Color: Define a specific color as being transparent.
 Load Color Table (entries 0-7): Load in the lower 8 entries of the color table.
 Load Color Table (entries 8-15): Load in the upper 8 entries of the color table.
 Tile Block (XOR): Load a 12x6 tile, 2 color tile and display it using the XOR method.

Improvements

Compact Disc + Extended Graphics (CD+EG, also known as CD+XG and Extended TV-Graphics) is an improved variant of the Compact Disc + Graphics (CD+G) format. Like CD+G, CD+EG utilizes basic audio CD features to display text and video information in addition to the music being played. This extra data is stored in the subcode channels R-W. Very few, if any, CD+EG discs have been published.
 288 pixels per line
 192 lines
 up to 256 colors

Usage
Along with dedicated karaoke machines, other consumer devices that play CD+G format CDs include the NEC TurboGrafx-CD (a CD-ROM peripheral for the TurboGrafx-16) and Turbo Duo, as well as the Japan-only successor the PC-FX, the Philips CD-i, the Sega CD, Sega Saturn, the JVC X'Eye, the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer, the Amiga CD32 and Commodore CDTV, and the Atari Jaguar CD (an attachment for the Atari Jaguar). Some CD-ROM drives can also read this data. Pioneer's LaserActive player can also play CD+G discs, as long as either the PAC-S1/S-10 or PAC-N1/N10 game modules are installed.

Since 2003, some standalone DVD players have supported the CD+G format. Regular audio CD players will output only the audio tracks as if it was a normal music CD, unless otherwise designed to read the extra data (lyrics and images).

CD+G karaoke albums are still made today by several UK and US manufacturers including Sunfly, Zoom Entertainments, SBI Karaoke and Vocal Star. Although the popularity of CD sales are dwindling the format is still widely used as MP3+G downloads.

Notable releases

Although CD+G found its market in karaoke entertainment, some music labels were keen to experiment with the format and a number of albums were released which featured graphic images, animations and text. These special edition CD+G releases are now very rare and have become collectible items as a result. Some albums released include:

 Alphaville - The Breathtaking Blue
 Anita Baker - Rapture
 Crosby, Stills & Nash - Live It Up
 Fleetwood Mac - Behind the Mask
 Jimi Hendrix Experience - Smash Hits
 Information Society - Information Society
 Chris Isaak - Silvertone
 Little Feat - Representing the Mambo
 Lou Reed - New York
 Simply Red - Picture Book
 Donna Summer - Another Place and Time
 Talking Heads - Naked

Daiichi Kosho is a former karaoke music manufacturer and their high-quality edit-a-vision range of 99 CD+Gs is still highly sought after by karaoke presenters today.

CD+G karaoke CDs are often ripped onto computer hard drives as MP3+G, with the audio encoded in the standard audio format, MP3, and the graphics encoded in a RAW format. These can then be played on computers using VLC media player, Karafun, or professionally by DJs and karaoke presenters using software such as Karma or Atomix VirtualDJ often in conjunction with a DJ controller manufactured by Pioneer, Denon, Roland or Numark.

Notes

References

External links
 The CD+G Museum and Discography, details on released titles and how to identify them
 Tech Flashback: The CD+Graphics Format (CD+G)
 CD+G faq

Compact disc
Audio storage
Karaoke
Audiovisual introductions in 1985

CD+G


NGC 5946 est un amas globulaire situé dans la constellation de la Règle à environ  a.l. (10.6 kpc) du Soleil et à  a.l. (5,8 kpc) du centre de la Voie lactée. Il a été découvert par l'astronome écossais James Dunlop en 1826. Cet amas a aussi été observé par l'astronome américain Lewis Swift le  et il a été inscrit à l'Index Catalogue sous la cote IC 4550.

La vitesse radiale héliocentrique de cet amas est égale à (128,4 ± 1,8) km/s.

Selon Forbes et Bridges, sa métallicité est estimée à -1,22 [Fe/H] et son âge d'environ 11,39 milliards d'années.

Selon une étude publiée en 2011 par J. Boyles et ses collègues, la métallicité de l'amas globulaire NGC 5946 est égale à -1,29 et sa masse est égale à . Dans cette même étude, la distance de l'amas est estimée à .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des objets du NGC

Liens externes

NGC 5946 sur le site du professeur C. Seligman

Amas globulaire
Constellation de la Règle
5946
Objet céleste découvert en 1826
Objet céleste découvert par James Dunlop

NGC 5946


Avhatyaka, Çorum ilinin İskilip ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1928 yılı kayıtlarında Avhad Yakası olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 85 km, İskilip ilçe merkezine 33 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

İskilip belde ve köyleri

Avhatyaka, İskilip


Atmosferilije su fizikalno i kemijski djelotvorni sastojci atmosfere, koji su odgovorni za razgradnju stjenovitog sastava Zemljine kore te koroziju metalnih površina. Među takve pripadaju kemijski spojevi sumpora i dušika (osobito kisele kiše). U širem smislu atmosferilije su i sve vrste oborina (kiša, snijeg i druge), kao i plinovi koji čine atmosferu (kisik, dušik, argon i drugi).

Oblaci i oborine

Ako u nekom dijelu Zemljine atmosfere koji je zasićen vlagom pada temperatura, kondenzirat će se vodena para i stvarati vodene kapljice. Stvaraju li se te kapljice blizu tla, nastat će magla, a stvaraju li se u većim visinama, nastat će oblaci. Oblaci nastaju i na taj način da se topli zrak kao specifički lakši diže uvis, gdje je niža temperatura. Sadrži li taj zrak veliku količinu vlage, ona će se zbog ohlađivanja kondenzirati, i time će nastati oblaci. Stvaranju magle pogoduju prašina i dim koji se nalaze u zraku. Čestice prašine i dima čine jezgre kondenzacije vodene pare koja je ohlađena ispod rosišta. Zimi odnosno na visokim planinama, kada je temperatura vrlo niska, smrzavaju se vodene kapljice u sitne kristale, koje stvaraju snijeg.

Kiša se sastoji od krupnih kapljica vode. Da bi iz oblaka padala kiša, moraju od sitnih kapljica nastati krupnije, jer sitne kapljice padaju sporo, pa se na putu ispare. Ljeti zbog brzog i velikog zagrijavanja diže se u visinu zrak s velikim sadržajem vlage, gdje se ohladi ispod 0 °C. Kako ljeti sadrži zrak više vlage nego zimi, stvorit će se ohlađivanjem veliki kristali odnosno led, koji pada kao tuča na Zemlju. Zemaljska površina gubi noću ižarivanjem velik dio topline, koju je danju primila putem Sunčeve svjetlosti. Zbog toga nastaje ohlađivanje zraka, a time kondenzacija suvišne vlage u obliku kapljica na površini Zemlje. To je rosa. Zimi zbog istog razloga nastaje ohlađivanje ispod 0 °C, a time smrzavanje rose u obliku iglica, što se zove mraz.

Sve navedene meteorološke pojave, to jest kiša, snijeg, tuča, rosa i mraz, koje nastaju zbog kondenzacije vodene pare u zraku, zovu se oborine. Količina oborina mjeri se visinom sloja vode u milimetrima po četvornom metru (mm/m2) koga bi stvorila voda oborina kad bi ostala na tlu, a da se ne ispari, a niti otiče u zemlju. Na primjer ako se kaže da je u toku 24 sata na nekom mjestu količina oborina 2 mm, to znači da je palo toliko kiše da na svaki m2 dolazi 2 litre vode. Naime sloju vode visine 1 mm na površini od 1 m2 odgovara količina vode od 1 litre, to jest 1 dm3. Suhi krajevi imaju ispod 500 mm oborina godišnje. Za mjerenje količine oborina služi mjerni instrument kišomjer, pluviometar ili ombrometar.

Kisela kiša

Kisela kiša je svaka oborina koja ima višu kiselost (nižu vrijednost pH) od one očekivane iz prirodnih izvora (pH oko 5). Kao suvremeni, kritični problem, prepoznat je u 1970-ima prvo u skandinavskim zemljama, a zatim i u srednjoj Europi. Uzroci nastanka kisele kiše nisu sasvim jasni. U nekim područjima uzrokom su dušikovi oksidi, u drugima sumporovi oksidi, koji nastaju izgaranjem ugljena ili naftnih derivata, primjerice u termoelektranama, automobilskim motorima te u postrojenjima za dobivanje i pročišćavanje kovina, a s vodenom parom iz zraka stvaraju dušičnu, odnosno sumpornu kiselinu. Zakiseljavanjem tla i vode kisela kiša šteti šumama (umiranje šuma), poljodjelskim kulturama, životu u tlu i vodi (ugibanje riba) te ljudskomu zdravlju (preko pitke vode i prehrambenog lanca).

Izvori

Klimatologija
Geološki procesi

Atmosferilije


O Aeroporto de Karasabai  é um aeroporto que serve a comunidade Macuxi de Karasabai na região de Alto Tacutu-Alto Essequibo da Guiana.

Referências

Aeroportos da Guiana
!Artigos com coordenadas no Wikidata

Aeroporto de Karasabai


Boris Lauterbach (* 18. Juni 1974 in Hamburg) ist ein deutscher Musiker. Er ist unter dem Künstlernamen König Boris Mitglied der Band Fettes Brot.

Leben
Im Jahr 1992 gründete Lauterbach zusammen mit Dokter Renz, Schiffmeister, Mighty und Tobi Tobsen die Hip-Hop-Musikgruppe Fettes Brot, in der er unter dem Pseudonym König Boris mitwirkt. Im Jahr 2012 startete König Boris sein Soloprojekt Der König tanzt. Im April 2012 war er mit diesem Projekt auf einer Solotournee. Im September 2012 startete er für Hamburg beim Bundesvision Song Contest 2012 mit dem Titel Häuserwand, wo er den zehnten Platz erreichte.

Diskografie

Alben
 2012: Der König tanzt (27. April) Rerelease als Kingsize Edition (28. September)

Singles
 2012: Alles dreht sich (30. März)
 2012: Häuserwand (28. September)
 2017: Madsen feat. König Boris Bumm! Bumm! Bumm!

EP
 2012: Der König tanzt (Remixes) (6. Juli)

Sonstiges
Lauterbach ist bekennender Anhänger des FC St. Pauli.

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

 Der König tanzt auf YouTube

Einzelnachweise

Fettes Brot
Rapper
Teilnehmer am Bundesvision Song Contest
Deutscher
Geboren 1974
Mann

Boris Lauterbach


Auto i karting klub Velika Gorica, hrvatski automobilistički klub iz Velike Gorice. Sjedište je u Klarićima 10. Uspješni članovi iz kluba su Denis Nišević, Jurica Majić, Dejan Dimitrijević i dr.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Racing.hr

Hrvatski automobilistički klubovi
Šport u Velikoj Gorici

AKK Velika Gorica


La gare de Zhangjiakou () est une gare ferroviaire à grande vitesse située à Zhangjiakou, au Nord-Ouest de la province du Hebei, en Chine.

Situation ferroviaire

Histoire
Les travaux de construction commencent en 1956 et la gare est inaugurée en 1957.

Des travaux de rénovations on lieu à partir de 2017, afin d'accueillir la LGV Pékin - Zhangjiakou (ou LGV Jing-zhang), une ligne à grande vitesse (350 Km/h) en pilote automatique, inauguré en décembre 2019 en vue des jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2022 se déroulant principalement à Pékin et Zhangjiakou.

La  passe également par cette gare.

Service des voyageurs

Accueil

Desserte

Intermodalité

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Transport ferroviaire en Chine
 Ligne Pékin-Baotou
 LGV Pékin - Zhangjiakou

Liens externes

Zhangjiakou
Gare dans la province du Hebei
Gare de grande vitesse ferroviaire en Chine

Gare de Zhangjiakou


Okrugli stol je mitski stol legendarnog britanskog Kralja Arthura, koji se prvi put spominje u Waceovom Romanu o Brutu iz 1155. U toj viteškoj poemi kazuje se da je Arthur imao okrugli stol, kako se nijedan od njegovih viteza, kad bi sjeo uz njega, ne bi mogao osjećati zakinut i manje važan u odnosu na druge.

Povijest

Literarna vrijednost Okruglog stola, naročito u romantičnim poemama iz 13. st i kasnije, leži u činjenici da je on koristio vitezovima arthurovog dvora kao personifikacija njihovog -kolektivnog ja i simbol njihova jedinstva.

U stvarnom životu - Okrugli stol, je po mnogim svojim aspektima, postao - protutip za osnivanje brojnih velikih Viteških redova koji su nicali po Europi tokom kasnog srednjeg vijeka. Tako da je do kraja 15. sr, kad je Malory napisao Le Morte Darthur, viteštvo postalo istovetno s velikim vojničkim bratovštinama, osnivanim uz podršku moćnih feudalaca.

U Robert de Boronovoj poemi Josip iz Arimateje (Joseph d'Arimathie) napisanoj oko 1200. - Sveti gral, za kojim traga junak Percival, identificiran je kao vrč kojim se Krist koristio za Posljednje večere. Po njoj je upravo Josipu iz Arimateje dan zadatak da napravi stol u spomen na Posljednju večeru, ali da jedno mjesto ostavi upražnjeno, kao simbol mjesta na kojem je sjedio Juda, izdajica Krista. Na tom praznom mjestu, nazvanom - Perilousovo mjesto, nitko nije sjedio iz straha po vlastitu sudbinu, jer je ono bilo rezervirano isključivo za onog junaka koji može vratiti Sveti gral.
Tijekom 13. st, kad je tema Svetog grala u potpunosti integrirana u legendu o Kralju Arthuru u skupini priča iz Opusa Vulgata i Postvulgata, iskristaliziralo se da je Okrugli stol - oblikovan upravo zbog Svetog grala, kao i prazno mjesto, ali da ga je napravio čarobnjak Merlin i to za Uthera Pendragona, oca Kralja Arthura.

Igrom sudbine postao je vlasništvo kralja Leodegranca iz Cameliarda, koji ga je poklonio svom zetu Arthuru kao dio miraza svoje kćeri Guinevere. Prijem u društvo okruglog stola bio je rezerviran samo za najhrabrije, a Perilousovo mjesto ostalo je upražnjeno sve do pojave Galahada, hrabrog viteza koji je pronašao Sveti gral i donio čudesa u Arthurovo kraljevstvo.

U gradu Winchesteru postoji velika dvorana, kao jedini ostatak nekadašnjeg dvorca kojeg je započeo graditi Vilim I. Osvajač, a dovršen je 1235. U njoj se nalazi prislonjen uz zid - okrugli stol promjera 5,5 metara, kojeg zovu Stol kralja Arthura. Izrađen je krajem 13.  ili početkom 14. st, a prebojan je tudorovskim bojama zelenom i bijelom, za vladavine Henrika VIII.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 Round Table na portalu projekta Camelot
 Round Table na portalu Encyclopædia Britannica

Arturijanske legende

Okrugli stol kralja Artura (legenda)


Die Abtei Notre-Dame de Lérins (lat. Abbatia B.M.V. de Lerina) ist ein Zisterzienser-Kloster auf der Insel Saint-Honorat, einer der Îles de Lérins an der Côte d'Azur in der Nähe von Cannes. Seit dem 5. Jahrhundert lebt dort eine monastische Gemeinschaft, die ältesten der derzeitigen Klostergebäude stammen aus dem 11. bis 14. Jahrhundert. Seit dem Jahr 1840 ist die Abtei als Monument historique klassifiziert.

Geschichte
Die Insel war unbewohnt, bis Honoratus von Arles († 430), ein Schüler des Einsiedlers Caprasius, etwa um 400/410 dort ein Kloster gründete. Der Überlieferung nach beabsichtigte Honoratus, auf der Insel als Eremit zu leben, war aber bald von Jüngern umgeben, die eine monastische Gemeinschaft bildeten.

Lérins wurde schnell zu einem der bedeutendsten Häuser des abendländischen Mönchtums, Johannes Cassianus schrieb, dass das Kloster bereits im Jahr 427 gewaltige Ausmaße angenommen hatte. Honoratus verfasste die Klosterregel für Lérins, die "Regel der vier Väter", die als älteste Klosterregel Galliens gilt. Einer weiteren Überlieferung nach lebte der heilige Patrick von Irland im 5. Jahrhundert in dem Kloster. Aus der Abtei kamen in dieser Zeit so viele Bischöfe, dass das Lérins auch "Pflanzschule der Bischöfe" genannt wurde. Der Kirchenvater Vinzenz von Lérins († um 445) wohnte ebenfalls auf der Insel, ebenso der spätere Bischof Caesarius von Arles.

Der heilige Nazarius (Saint Nazaire) war der 14. Abt von Lérins vermutlich zur Zeit des Königs Chlothar II. (584–629); er zerstörte einen Venus-Tempel bei Cannes und gründete an gleicher Stelle ein Frauenkloster, das im 8. Jahrhundert von den Sarazenen zerstört wurde. Abt Aygulf versuchte in den 660er Jahren, die Klosterregel des Honoratus durch die Benediktinerregel zu ersetzen, die tatsächlich aber erst Ende des Jahrhunderts angenommen wurde.

In den folgenden Jahrhunderten wurde das monastische Leben auf der Insel mehrfach durch Überfälle, vor allem der Sarazenen und Piraten, unterbrochen. Im Jahr 732 wurden zahlreiche Mönche, darunter auch Abt Porcarius, bei einem derartigen Raubzug getötet. Das Kloster wurde danach von Elentherius wieder aufgebaut. Um das Jahr 1000 übernahm Lérins die Cluniazensische Reform. 1047 wurden die Mönche nach einem Überfall nach Spanien in Gefangenschaft geführt und erst durch ein Lösegeld des Abtes Ysam von Saint-Victor befreit.

Vom 11. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert reagierte die Abtei auf die von der See her drohenden Gefahren. 1073 wurde ein befestigter Turm neben dem Kloster gebaut und 1181 zur Fluchtburg erweitert, deren vier Meter hoch gelegener Eingang nur mit einer Leiter erreichbar war. Das Innere des Hauptturms birgt einen doppelstöckigen Kreuzgang, in den Seitentürmen daneben befinden sich Kapelle, Schlafräume und der Vorratskeller der Festungsanlage. 1327 wurde durch eine Kette von Signalfeuern der Austausch von Informationen mit Le Suquet, der Altstadt von Cannes, ermöglicht. 1391 wurden die Honoratus-Reliquien nach Arles überführt. In dieser Zeit wurde das Kloster auch ein beliebtes Wallfahrtsziel, nachdem der Mönch Raymond Féraud mit seinem La Vida de Sant Honorat das Leben des Honoratus beschrieben hatte.
Im Jahr 1400 wurde die Abtei von genuesischen Piraten geplündert. Die Verteidigung der Insel erfolgte in der Zeit durch Söldner, später durch provenzalische (1437) und französische (1481) Truppen.

1464 wurde in Lérins das System der Kommendataräbte eingeführt, das mit Unterbrechungen bis zum Ende der Abtei gelten sollte. Gleichzeitig wurde die Abtei weiter von regulären Äbten geführt, die auf drei Jahre gewählt waren und deren unmittelbare oder auch spätere Wiederwahl möglich war. Abt Augustin Grimaldi († 1532) schaffte das System 1510 wieder ab, führte eine Klosterreform durch und schloss Lérins an die Cassinensische Kongregation an. 1533 (Franz I.) bis 1547 (Heinrich II.) war diese Mitgliedschaft ausgesetzt.

1635 wurde die Insel von den Spaniern erobert, die die Mönche vertrieben. Zwei Jahre später konnten sie aus ihrem Exil in Vallauris zurückkehren, nachdem die Franzosen die Insel trotz der Befestigungen, die die Spanier gebaut hatten, zurückerobern konnten. 1638 trat die Abtei auf königlichen Wunsch (Ludwig XIII. bzw. Kardinal Richelieu) aus der Cassinensischen Kongregation aus und der Congrégation de Saint-Maur bei. Allerdings machte König Ludwig XIV. (das heißt faktisch Kardinal Jules Mazarin) diesen Wechsel 1645 wieder rückgängig.

Auch in den Jahren nach der Rückeroberung litt die Abtei unter spanischen und genuesischen Angriffen. 1756 trat die Abtei der Congrégation de l'ancienne observance de Cluny bei, doch konnte auch diese die Existenz des Klosters nicht mehr retten. Als die Zahl der Mönche auf vier gesunken war, wurde das Kloster im Jahr 1787, also kurz vor der Revolution, aufgelöst. Während der Revolution wurde die Insel zum Staatsbesitz und dann an die wohlhabende Schauspielerin Mademoiselle de Sainval (Marie Blanche Alziary de Roquefort) verkauft, die dort zwanzig Jahre lang lebte und das ehemalige Kloster zu ihrem Salon machte.

1859 kaufte der Bischof Henri Jordany von Fréjus die Insel zurück, um das Kloster neu zu gründen. Zehn Jahre später wurde mit Mönchen aus der Abtei Sénanque eine Zisterzienser-Gemeinschaft eingerichtet, die seitdem dort lebt und auf die ein Teil der heutigen Gebäude zurückgeht.

Die Zisterzienseräbte seit 1869
 Marie-Bernard Barnouin, 1871–1888
 Colomban Legros, 1888–1911
 Patrice Lerond, 1911–1917
 Léonce Granet, 1918–1928
 André Drilhon, 1928–1937
 François d'Assise Causse, 1937–1945
 Bernard Chalagiraud, 1945–1958
 Bernard de Terris, 1958–1989
 Nicolas Aubertin, 1989–1998
 Vladimir Gaudrat, 1998–

Persönlichkeiten
 Jakobus (Saint Jacques de Tarentaise, † 429), Heiliger, Bischof von Tarentaise
 Honoratus (Saint Honorat, † 430), Heiliger, Bischof von Arles
 Vinzenz von Lérins († um 445), Kirchenvater
 Hilarius (Saint Hilaire, † 449), Bischof von Arles
 Eucherius († um 450), um 434 Bischof von Lyon
 Maximus (Saint Maximin, † 455), Heiliger, 428 Abt von Lérins, Bischof von Riez
 Patrick (Saint Patrick, † 461), Heiliger
 Lupus (Saint Loup oder Saint Leu, † 478/479), Heiliger, Bischof von Troyes
 Salvian von Marseille († um 480), Heiliger, Kirchenvater, um 426 Mönch in Lérins
 Faustus (Saint Fauste, † um 495), 432 Abt von Lérins, Bischof von Riez
 Quinidius (Saint Quenin, 6. Jahrhundert), Heiliger, Bischof von Vaison-la-Romaine
 Thomas (6. Jahrhundert), Heiliger, Bischof von Tarentaise
 Antonius (Saint Antoine), Heiliger, dessen Lebens von Magnus Felix Ennodius beschrieben wurde (Vita Antonii monachi Lerinensis).
 Apollinarius (Apollinaire de Valence), Bischof von Valence 517–520
 Caesarius (Saint Césaire, † 543), Heiliger, Bischof von Arles
 Nazarius (Saint Nazaire), Heiliger, 14. Abt von Lérins um 600
 Benedict Biscop († 690), 665–667 Mönch in Lérins
 Aigulphus (Saint Aygulf, † um 675), Heiliger, um 661 Abt von Lérins
 Agricola (Saint Agricol d'Avignon, † 700), Heiliger, Bischof von Avignon
 Porcarius (Saint Porcaire, † 732), Abt von Lérins
 Bernhar, Bruder Adalhards und Walas, 801 und 814 als Mönch in Lérins bezeugt
 Adalbert († 1124), 1088 Abt von Lérins, 1103 Bischof von Albenga
 Guillaume d'Esclapon, Abt von Lérins, 1219–1235 Bischof von Gap
 Bernhard Ayglerius († 1282), 1256–1263 Abt von Lérins, dann Abt von Montecassino
 André de Plaisance († 1477), 1447 Abt von Lérins, 1464 Bischof von Sisteron,
 Isnard de Grasse du Bar († 1483), 1451 Bischof von Grasse, erster Kommendatarabt von Lérins
 Jean André Grimaldi († 1505), 1483 Bischof von Grasse, 1482 Abt von Lérins
 Augustin Grimaldi († 1532), Neffe von Jean André Grimaldi, 1501 Abt von Lérins, 1505 Bischof von Grasse, 1523 Herr von Monaco
 Jean du Bellay († 1560), 1532 Bischof von Paris, 1532 Abt von Lérins, 1535 Kardinal, 1541 Bischof von Limoges, 1544 Erzbischof von Bordeaux
 Charles de Lorraine, duc de Guise († 1640) 1611 Abt von Lérins, 1614 Kommendatarabt; dies wird von den Mönchen abgelehnt, man einigt sich darauf, dass der Duc de Guise die Île Sainte-Marguerite erhält
 Louis de Nogaret de La Valette d'Épernon († 1639) 1613–1627 Erzbischof von Toulouse, 1621 Kardinal, 1638 Abt von Lérins
 Armand de Bourbon, prince de Conti († 1666), 1644 Abt von Lérins
 Jules Mazarin († 1661), 1656 Abt von Lérins
 Louis de Vendôme, Kardinal, 1661–1670 Abt von Lérins ohne päpstliche Bestätigung
 Abraham Duquesne († 1688), eroberte 1637 die Insel von den Spaniern zurück
 Philippe de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme († 1727), 1670 Abt von Lérins ohne päpstliche Bestätigung
 Charles-Octavien d'Anthelmy, 1727–1752 Abt von Lérins, Bischof von Grasse
 Louis Sextius Jarente de La Bruyère († 1706), 1747 Bischof von Digne, 1752–1788 Abt von Lérins, 1759 Bischof von Orléans
 Joseph Antoine Henri Jordany, 1855–1876 Bischof von Fréjus, kauft die Abtei zurück
 Marie-Bernard Barnouin, von 1872 bis 1888 Gründungsabt der Zisterzienserabtei

Literatur
 Anonym (ein Mönch aus der Abtei), L'Île et l'abbaye de Lérins. Récits & description, Imprimerie de l'Abbaye, 303 S. (1929)
 Abbé L. Alliez, Histoire du monastère de Lérins, 2 Bände (1862)
 Frère Marie-Nicolas Aubertin, Lérins - L'île Saint-Honorat, Cannes, Abbaye de Lérins, bulletin trimestriel (1996)
 Germain Butaud, Listes abbatiales, chartes et cartulaire de Lérins: problemes de chronologie et de datation (XIe - XIIe siècles) , in: Yann Codou et Michel Lauwers (Hg.), Lérins, une île sainte de l'Antiquité au Moyen Âge (2010), Collection d'études médiévales 9, S. 365–444

 Père Vladimir Gaudrat, Fotografien von Jérôme Kélagopian, Vorwort von Emmanuelle Cinquin, Abbaye de Lérins, Nice, Giletta Nice-Matin, 168 S., 2005 (ISBN 2-915606-21-8)
 Mireille Labrousse, Yann Codou, Jean-Marie Le Gall, Régis Bertrand, Histoire de l'abbaye de Lérins, hg. Abbaye de Bellefontaine (1999)
 Henri Moris, E. Blanc (Hg.), Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Lérins (1883)
 Henri Moris, L'Abbaye de Lérins. Histoire et monuments, Paris 1909

Weblinks

 Website der Zisterzienser-Abtei Lérins (französisch)
 Die Abtei Lérins in der Catholic Encyclopedia von 1913 (wikisource)
 Lars Reichardt, "Insel der Seligen", Süddeutsche Zeitung Magazin, Heft 48/2016

Einzelnachweise

Abtei Lerins
Benediktinerkloster in Frankreich
Zisterzienserkloster in Frankreich
Kloster in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Kloster (5. Jahrhundert)
Gallische Kirche
Monument historique seit 1840
Cannes
Abteilerins
Sakralbau im Département Alpes-Maritimes
Lerins
Lerins
Christentum in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur

Abtei Lérins


An Guadua chaparensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Ximena Londoño ngan Zurita. An Guadua chaparensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Guadua, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Guadua

Guadua chaparensis


Sapporo ( Sapporo-shi), Japonya'nın Hokkaidō prefektörlüğünün merkezi ve bölgenin en büyük şehridir.

Sapporo Japonya dışından her şeyden önce 1972 Kış Olimpiyatları'nın ev sahibi olarak tanınır. Bundan başka yıllık olarak düzenlenen Kar Şenlikleri ile yuki matsuri olarak tanınır ki dünyanın her yanından 2 milyondan fazla gezmenin ilgisini çeker.

Coğrafya
Sapporo, Ishikari Ovası'nın güneybatı kısmında ve Ishikari Nehri'nin bir kolu olan Toyohira Nehri'nin alüvyon yelpazesinde yer almaktadır. Şehrin batı ve güney kısmı Teine, Maruyama ve Moiwa dağları ve Ishikari, Toyohira ve Sōsei nehirleri ile çevrilidir.

Sapporo, Ishikari, Ebetsu, Kitahiroshima, Eniwa, Chitose, Otaru, Date şehirleri ile Tōbetsu, Kimobetsu, Kyōgoku kasabaları ile komşudur.

İklim

Ekonomi
Sapporo'nun başlıca ekonomik kaynakları bilgi teknolojisi, perakende ve turizmdir. Sapporo serin iklimi nedeniyle kış sporları ve etkinlikleri ile yaz etkinlikleri popülerdir.

Eğitim
Şehirde dört devlet ve 14 özel üniversite bulunmakta olup Hokkaidō Üniversitesi Japonya'nın en önemli üniversitelerinden biridir.

Kardeş şehirler
Sapporo'nun dünyada birçok şehir ile kardeş şehir anlaşması bulunmaktadır.
  Portland, Oregon, ABD (1959)
  Münih, Almanya (1972)
  Şenyang, Çin (1980)
  Denver, ABD (1982)
  Novosibirsk, Rusya (1990)
  Daejeon, Güney Kore (2010)

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Sapporo