La torre de Berdeja fue una construcción situada en Linares (Cantabria, España), una de las tres torres que se erguían en dicha localidad junto con la torre de Piedrahíta y la torre del Pontón. Junto con estas, la torre debió formar parte del sólido sistema militar y de prestigio del señorío de Linares. Estas torres controlaban los pasos entre el Desfiladero de La Hermida y el Collado de Hoz, es decir, las comunicaciones entre los valles del río Deva (Liébana) y del río Nansa.

La proximidad a lo núcleos de población Navedo y Linares favorecieron que los restos de la torre, que debió quedar en desuso a lo largo del siglo XVI, sirviera de cantera para la construcción de los actuales caseríos. Actualmente sólo se conservan sus cimientos, al igual que en la de Piedrahíta. La del Pontón se conserva en buen estado. Cerca de sus restos hay un mirador sobre el Desfiladero de La Hermida.

Eclipser
 Grupo formado por la agencia big hit Entertainment siendo esté el primer grupo femenino después de 12 años,este integrado por cuatro miembros: chaeyoung, Chaeryeong,dahyun y Yoyo,el grupo debutó el 13 de julio de 2017 con su álbum titulado the eclipse el cual está compuesto por "Fancy"su primera canción número 1 en Corea del sur
Origen : Seúl,Corea del Sur
premios: Golden Disk Awards: Premio División de Canciones, daesang........más

Referencias

Berdeja
Yacimientos arqueológicos de Cantabria
Ruinas de España
Edificios y estructuras desaparecidos de España

Torre de Berdeja


Canisius University  is a private Jesuit university in Buffalo, New York. It was founded in 1870 by Jesuits from Germany and is named after St. Peter Canisius. Canisius offers more than 100 undergraduate majors and minors, and around 34 master's and certificate programs.

History
Canisius has its roots in the Jesuit community that arose from disputed ownership of St. Louis Church in Buffalo in 1851. Rev. Lucas Caveng, a German Jesuit, along with 19 families from St. Louis Church, founded St. Michael's Church on Washington St. The college followed, primarily for serving sons of German immigrants, along with the high school in 1870, first at 434 Ellicott St. and next to St. Michael's. In 1913 construction of the Old Main building at 2001 Main St. was completed. The early presidents of the college were German Jesuits.

During the COVID-19 pandemic in July 2020, President John Hurley and the board of trustees made a decision to lay off a number of tenured faculty, including those in Classics, Chemistry, English, History, Management, Religious Studies and Philosophy. Several majors were eliminated, including Classics, Entrepreneurship, European studies, Fine Arts, Human Services, International Business, Physics, Religious Studies and Urban Studies. Some college faculty, students and members of the community have contested the decision, including two formal votes of no confidence by the college's faculty senate. The move also attracted criticism from numerous academic organizations, including the American Historical Association and the Association for Slavic, East European and Eurasian Studies After an almost yearlong investigation, the American Association of University Professors released a report on eight institutions, including Canisius College,  that found that "some institutional leaders seem to have taken the COVID-19 crisis as an opportunity to turbocharge the corporate model that has been spreading in higher education over the past few decades, allowing them to close programs and lay off faculty members as expeditiously as if colleges and universities were businesses whose CEOs suddenly decided to stop making widgets or shut down the steelworks". The AAUP recommended that Canisius College be added to its list of sanctioned institutions due to "substantial noncompliance with standards of academic government". Several affected tenured faculty members also sued the college for violation of contract.

In 2015 Canisius College was one of more than 90 colleges investigated by the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights for its handling of sexual assault and harassment complaints. In 2021, three former female student athletes filed a federal lawsuit in the Western District of New York alleging a hostile environment and that the college "failed to take appropriate action in response to these reports and complaints of sexual harassment, abuse and sexual assault". In a separate federal lawsuit filed in 2022, five former female students alleged that Canisius College ignored sexual misconduct complaints against Professor Michael Noonan and allowed him to retire in 2019 rather than pursuing Title XI complaints against him. On June 27, 2022, a judge allowed the former athletes' case to proceed, describing the college's delayed response to assault allegations as "inexplicable."

In 2021, John Hurley announced he was retiring as president of the college. After a months-long search, Steve Stoute was announced as the next president of Canisius.

On April 27, 2023, Canisius announced that it had successfully petitioned the New York State Education Department (NYSED) Board of Regents for university designation. It officially changed its name to Canisius University on August 1, 2023.

Campus

Christ the King Chapel
Christ the King Chapel, designed by Buffalo architect Duane Lyman, is centrally located to "symbolize its importance". It was completed in 1951 and has seating for 492.

Science Hall
Science Hall was built as a Sears and Roebuck store in 1929. The college has allocated $68 million for its renovation, over $35 million of which has been raised with help from the John R. Oishei Foundation.

Science Hall Parking Ramp

The parking ramp originally served the Sears and Roebuck building at 1901 Main St. However, throughout the history of ramp, Canisius students have used it for parking, with Sears advertising in The Griffin student newspaper that parking was free. Acquisition of the property has eliminated parking problems. The ramp was demolished in 2022. A new green space surface lot is planned to replace it.

Churchill Academic Tower
The 11-story Churchill Academic Tower was built in 1971, designed by Leroy H. Welch. It is named for its chief benefactor, Rev. Clinton H. Churchill and his wife Francis. The Tower is routinely derided but serves as a highly functional space.

Andrew L. Bouwhuis Library
Built in 1957 and upgraded in 1988 and from 2013 through 2015, Andrew L. Bouwhuis Library, named for Andrew L. Bouwhuis, S.J., college librarian from 1935 to 1955, furnishes extensive area for study and research. It seats 500 people and includes group study rooms, an audio-visual listening/viewing area, a rare book room, an instruction room, a Curriculum Materials Center and a lounge, along with private study rooms accommodating one to eight people.

The Koessler Athletic Center

Located at 1833 Main Street in Buffalo, the Koessler Athletic Center is named after J. Walter Koessler, class of 1922. The facility has a swimming pool, two weight rooms, two gymnasiums and locker rooms and offices for athletic coaches and support staff.

Academics
Canisius offers more than 100 majors, minors and special programs.  The college is accredited by the Middle States Association Commission on Higher Education, the National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education and the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. In fall 2009, Canisius College introduced a new major in Animal Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation.  Other new majors include Creative Writing, Health and Wellness, and Journalism. With the George E. Schreiner '43, MD, Pre-Medical Center as an asset, the college caters strongly to the biological and health science fields and holds close relationships with both the University at Buffalo School of Medicine and the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine.

Rankings
Canisius earned the 21st spot in the top tier of U.S. News & World Report's 2022 rankings of America's Best Regional Universities – North. U.S. News also ranked Canisius thirteenth in the 2016 "Great Schools, Great Prices" listing among regional universities in the North.  Canisius earned the eighth spot among 49 regional universities in the North in U.S. News' Best Colleges for Veterans Ranking, as well as #4 in Best Value Schools and #26 in Top Performers on Social Mobility, for 2022. Canisius College alumni ranked first (1st), overall, in New York State on the 2014 CPA exam cycle, with a 75 percent pass rate, in the category of medium programs.

Student life
Canisius has on campus about 90 clubs and organizations, vetted by the Undergraduate Student Association and its senators. Program offerings include the Best of Buffalo series, Fusion game nights, the Fall Semi-Formal, the Canisius Royals competition, the Mass of the Holy Spirit with Fall BBQ and Bonfire, Griffin Week, and Griff Fest (formerly "Quad Party" & "Springfest"). With a growing student population in its colleges, Buffalo has begun offering free Canal-side concerts, along with "Shakespeare in the Park", the Polish Broadway Market, Silo City "Boom Days" (on Buffalo's industrial history), and Dyngus Day.

Athletics

The college sponsors 20 NCAA Division 1 Athletic teams and is a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) as well as the Atlantic Hockey Conference. Men's sports include baseball, ice hockey, and golf.  Women's sports include volleyball and softball. The Golden Griffins compete in the NCAA Division I and are members of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference (MAAC) for most sports, except for men's ice hockey which competes in the Atlantic Hockey Association.  In 2013, the men's ice hockey team won its first Atlantic Hockey Championship, earning a bid to the NCAA Tournament.  In 2008, Canisius men's lacrosse won the MAAC tournament and earned its first bid to the NCAA Men's Lacrosse Championship tournament.

The Women's Lacrosse team won MAAC Championships four years in a row (2010-2014).  The 2008 Baseball team won its first regular season MAAC championship, with a 41–13 season, and the following year made its first appearance in the MAAC Championship game. In 2013, the team won the MAAC Championship and received its first bid to the NCAA tournament. The Canisius College softball team won the 2009 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference tournament for its 3rd consecutive title, marking the team's 11th trip to the NCAA tournament in 15 years. In its rivalry with Niagara University Canisius won the Canal Cup two of the first three years (2008 and 2009).  Intramural sports are also offered for students, faculty, and staff.

Canisius' mascot is the Golden Griffin. The college adopted the Griffin as a mascot in 1932, after Charles A. Brady ('33) wrote a story in a Canisius publication honoring Buffalo's centennial year as a city. Brady wrote about Jesuit-educated explorer Rene-Robert LaSalle's Le Griffon, which was built in Buffalo. The Griffin was first used on the La Salle medal in 1932 and from there spread to the college newspaper, The Griffin, and sports teams. According to GoGriffs.com, the griffin is a "legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion; the head and wings of an eagle; and an eagle's talons as its front feet." It represents values such as courage, boldness, intelligence, and strength befitting students and athletes alike.

The college was also the first home field of the Buffalo All-Americans of the early National Football League. Around 1917 Buffalo manager Barney Lepper signed a lease for the team to play their home games at Canisius College. The All-Americans played games at Canisius before relocating to Bison Stadium in 1924.

Greek life
Canisius College's fraternities and sororities are overseen by the Canisius College Office of Student Life. The three college-approved Greek organizations on campus are the Lambda chapter of the fraternity Sigma Phi Epsilon (SigEp), the sorority Phi Sigma Sigma, and the professional organization Alpha Kappa Psi (AK Psi). Also there is a Classics Club which fosters interest in the study of ancient Greek and Roman history, language, and culture; it hosts events like readings and discussions of ancient texts, Saturnalia, and alcohol-free toga parties. The club fosters the Jesuit value of a Classical education, as well as cura personalis.

Media
The student weekly newspaper is The Griffin, which replaced The Canisian in 1933 and continues to print weekly. The annual Quadrangle magazine contains student writings, artwork, and photographs. Public-access television cable TV broadcasts to Canisius College from its fourth floor studio at Lyons Hall. The WIRE, replacing WCCG, is the college's radio station, which broadcasts over the campus television system and is online through the college website.

ROTC
Canisius College is the Reserve Officer Training Corps hub for Western New York. The Golden Griffin Battalion is composed of students from Canisius, University at Buffalo (UB), Hilbert College, D'Youville College, Daemen College, Medaille College, Buffalo State College, and Erie Community College.

Public safety
Canisius College Public Safety Officers are sworn Peace Officers pursuant to New York State Criminal Procedure Law section 2.10-72 and perform many of the same duties as any traditional Police Department. Each Officer receives law enforcement training which meets or exceeds the New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services requirements for Peace Officers and they are authorized to carry firearms. Officers are authorized to enforce all Federal, State, and Local laws, as well as the rules and regulations of the college, and they do make arrests. Officers also perform a wide range of other duties which include: vehicular and foot patrol, criminal investigation, dispatch, welfare checks, first-aid and CPR, motorist assistance, and escorts.

Notable alumni

Canisius has approximately 40,000 living alumni worldwide who are working in the fields of business, journalism, government, law, medicine, and sports.

Academia
James Demske, S.J. (Class of 1947), President of Canisius College (1966–1993)
 Steven Seegel, Ph.D. (Class of 1999) - Professor of Slavic and Eurasian Studies at University of Texas at Austin

Business
 John Rowe (Class of 1966), former chairman and CEO of Aetna
 Dennis F. Strigl (Class of 1974), President and CEO of Verizon Wireless
 Mary Wittenberg, (Class of 1984), President and CEO of the New York Road Runners

Journalism and television
 Anne Burrell (Class of 1991), Food Network chef
 Norm Hitzges (Class of 1965), Texas Radio Hall of Fame, SportsRadio 1310 The Ticket - Dallas, TX
 Elizabeth MacDonald (Class of 1984), Gerald Loeb Award and multiple other awards winning financial journalist with The Wall Street Journal, anchorwoman on Fox Business, appeared on NBC's The Today Show, ABC's World News Tonight, Outnumbered, Your World with Neil Cavuto,  CBS This Morning, C-SPAN, Court TV, ABC News Radio,  NPR, and others
 Todd McDermott, (Class of 1983), Emmy Award-winning news anchor at WPIX-TV, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
 Michael Scheuer (Class of 1974), CBS News terrorism analyst, former CIA Chief of the Bin Laden Issue Station and author of Imperial Hubris
 Adam Zyglis, (Class of 2004), Pulitzer Prize-winning editorial cartoonist for The Buffalo News

Government and law
 John Thomas Curtin (Class of 1946), former US Attorney and Federal Judge for the Western District of New York
 Charles S. Desmond (Class of 1917), former Chief Judge of the New York Court of Appeals*
 John J. LaFalce (Class of 1961), former US Representative for New York
 Walter J. Mahoney (Class of 1930), former Majority Leader of the New York State Senate and New York Supreme Court Judge*
 Salvatore R. Martoche (Class of 1962), New York State Supreme Court Justice and former Assistant Secretary of the United States Treasury and Labor Departments
 Anthony M. Masiello (Class of 1969), former Mayor of Buffalo, New York
 Richard D. McCarthy (Class of 1950), former US Representative for New York*
 James T. Molloy  (Class of 1958), former Doorkeeper, US House of Representatives*
 Henry J. Nowak (Class of 1957), former US Representative for New York
 Denise O'Donnell (Class of 1968), former US Attorney for the Western District of New York
 William Paxon (Class of 1977), former US Representative for New York
 William M. Skretny (Class of 1966), Federal Judge for the Western District of New York
 Lawrence J. Vilardo (Class of 1977), Federal Judge for the Western District of New York
 Frank A. Sedita (Class of 1930), former Mayor of Buffalo, New York*

Medicine and science
 Donald Pinkel (Class of 1947), pediatric cancer researcher; former Director of the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital

Psychology
 Paula Caligiuri, Distinguished Professor of International Business and Strategy at D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University

Sports
 Cory Conacher, NHL player for the Tampa Bay Lightning, Ottawa Senators, Buffalo Sabres and New York Islanders
 Bob MacKinnon (Class of 1950), former NBA Head Coach and General Manager of the New Jersey Nets
 Chris Manhertz (Class of 2015) NFL tight end for the Denver Broncos
 Johnny McCarthy (Class of 1956), member of the 1963–64 NBA Champion Boston Celtics
 Gerry Meehan, former NHL player and General Manager of the Buffalo Sabres
 Dick Poillon, member of the 1942 NFL Champion Washington Redskins and Pro Bowl selection
 Michael Smrek (Class of 1985), member of the 1986–87 and 1987-88 NBA Champion Los Angeles Lakers
 Beth Phoenix, professional wrestler, Class of 2017 WWE Hall of Famer, former WWE Divas Champion & three-time WWE Women's Champion
 Matt Vinc, three-time NLL Champion 2012, 2013, 2014 for the Rochester Knighthawks
 Eyal Yaffe (Class of 1986), basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League

Other
 Molly Burhans (Class of 2014), Environmentalist, Cartographer, Social Entrepreneur; United Nations Young Champion of the Earth, National Geographic Explorer, Head Cartographer of first global digital map of the Catholic Church.

See also
 List of Jesuit sites

References

External links

 Canisius Athletics website

1870 establishments in New York (state)
Buffalo (1920s NFL teams)
Defunct National Football League venues
Education in Buffalo, New York
Universities and colleges established in 1870
Jesuit universities and colleges in the United States
Universities and colleges in Erie County, New York
Catholic universities and colleges in New York (state)
Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
Liberal arts colleges in New York (state)

Canisius University


An Carex trichina in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Merritt Lyndon Fernald. An Carex trichina in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex trichina


Gareth Ian "Gary" Ablett (19 de noviembre de 1965-1 de enero de 2012) fue un futbolista profesional y gerente inglés. Jugó como defensor. Pasó nueve años con Liverpool, y pasó a ganar la FA Cup con su rival Everton Football Club en 1995. Anteriormente, era el mánager de Liverpool F.C. Reserves, una posición que dejó en mayo de 2009 para unirse a Stockport County Football Club, que dejó el 17 de junio de 2010. Ablett murió el 1 de enero de 2012, tras una batalla de 16 meses contra el linfoma no-Hodgkin.

Muerte
El 1 de enero de 2012, Ablett murió a los 46 años, después de una batalla de 16 meses contra el linfoma no-Hodgkin.

Honores
 con Liverpool

Football League First Division
Ganador - 1987–88, 1989–90
FA Cup
Ganador - 1988–89
Community Shield
Ganador - 1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91 (compartido)

con Everton
FA Cup
Ganador - 1994–95
FA Charity Shield
Ganador - 1995–96

Referencias

Futbolistas de Inglaterra
Entrenadores de fútbol de Inglaterra
Futbolistas del Liverpool Football Club en los años 1980
Futbolistas del Liverpool Football Club en los años 1990
Futbolistas del Derby County Football Club
Futbolistas del Hull City Association Football Club
Futbolistas del Sheffield United Football Club
Futbolistas del Birmingham City Football Club
Futbolistas del Everton Football Club
Futbolistas del Wycombe Wanderers Football Club
Futbolistas del Blackpool Football Club
Futbolistas FA Premier League
Fallecidos por linfoma
Nacidos en Liverpool
Fallecidos por cáncer en Inglaterra

Gary Ablett


The Tupolev Tu-72 was a proposed Soviet medium bomber of the late 1940s. It was based on the Tupolev Tu-8, but differed by having a slightly longer fuselage, increased defensive armament, and slightly enlarged vertical stabilizers. The first flight of the Tu-72 was scheduled for 1948, but the project was cancelled due to the success of the Tupolev Tu-4 and Tupolev's focus on first-generation strategic jet bombers.

References

Tu-0072
1940s Soviet bomber aircraft

Tupolev Tu-72


Molodjoschny (russisch ) ist der Name folgender Ortschaften in Russland:
 Molodjoschny (Moskau), "geschlossene" Siedlung städtischen Typs (SATO) in der Oblast Moskau

 ländliche Siedlungen und Dörfer:
 Molodjoschny (Region Altai, Pawlowsk), in der Region Altai, Rajon Pawlowsk
 Molodjoschny (Region Altai, Rebricha), in der Region Altai, Rajon Rebricha
 Molodjoschny (Chabarowsk), in der Region Chabarowsk
 Molodjoschny (Irkutsk), in der Oblast Irkutsk, Rajon Irkutsk
 Molodjoschny (Irkutsk, Schigalowo), in der Oblast Irkutsk, Rajon Schigalowo
 Molodjoschny (Kalmückien, Jaschkul), in der Republik Kalmückien, Rajon Jaschkul
 Molodjoschny (Kalmückien, Prijutnoje), in der Republik Kalmückien, Rajon Prijutnoje
 Molodjoschny (Kaluga), in der Oblast Kaluga
 Molodjoschny (Kostroma, Krasnoselski), in der Oblast Kostroma, Rajon Krasnoselski
 Molodjoschny (Kostroma, Parfenjewo), in der Oblast Kostroma, Rajon Parfenjewo
 Molodjoschny (Krasnodar), in der Region Krasnodar
 Molodjoschny (Moskau, Podolsk), in der Oblast Moskau, Rajon Podolsk
 Molodjoschny (Nischni Nowgorod), in der Oblast Nischni Nowgorod
 Molodjoschny (Orenburg), in der Oblast Orenburg
 Molodjoschny (Rjasan, Miloslawskoje), in der Oblast Rjasan, Rajon Miloslawskoje
 Molodjoschny (Rjasan, Sassowo), in der Oblast Rjasan, Rajon Sassowo
 Molodjoschny (Rostow, Kamensk), in der Oblast Rostow, Rajon Kamensk
 Molodjoschny (Rostow, Krasny Sulin), in der Oblast Rostow, Rajon Krasny Sulin
 Molodjoschny (Saratow), in der Oblast Saratow
 Molodjoschny (Swerdlowsk, Berjosowski), in der Oblast Swerdlowsk, Stadtkreis Berjosowski
 Molodjoschny (Swerdlowsk, Gornouralski), in der Oblast Swerdlowsk, Stadtkreis Gornouralski
 Molodjoschny (Tambow), in der Oblast Tambow
 Molodjoschny (Tatarstan), in der Republik Tatarstan
 Molodjoschny (Tomsk, Kargassok), in der Oblast Tomsk, Rajon Kargassok
 Molodjoschny (Tomsk), in der Oblast Tomsk, Rajon Tomsk
 Molodjoschny (Transbaikalien), in der Region Transbaikalien
 Molodjoschny (Tschuwaschien), in der Republik Tschuwaschien
 Molodjoschny (Tula), in der Oblast Tula
 Molodjoschny (Wolgograd), in der Oblast Wolgograd
 Molodjoschny (Wologda, Nikolsk), in der Oblast Wologda, Rajon Nikolsk
 Molodjoschny (Wologda, Woschega), in der Oblast Wologda, Rajon Woschega
 Molodjoschny (Woronesch), in der Oblast Woronesch

Siehe auch:
 Molodjoschnaja (Begriffsklärungsseite)

Molodjoschny


أو سولي ميو (بالنابولية O sole mio أي شمسي) هي واحدة من أشهر الأغاني في العالم، تم تأليفها في أبريل عام 1898 من طرف الملحن النابولي إدواردو دي كابوا.

مراجع

إيطاليا في 1898
أغان انفرادية حلت بالمرتبة الأولى
أغان إيطالية
أغاني 1898
أغاني بوب
كلمات وجمل استحدثت في القرن 19
كلمات وعبارات إيطالية

أو سولي ميو (أغنية)


The volcanism of Italy is due chiefly to the presence, a short distance to the south, of the boundary between the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate. Italy is a volcanically active country, containing the only active volcanoes in mainland Europe (while volcanic islands are also present in Greece, in the volcanic arc of the southern Aegean). The lava erupted by Italy's volcanoes is thought to result from the subduction and melting of one plate below another.

Three main clusters of volcanism exist: a line of volcanic centres running northwest along the central part of the Italian mainland (see: Campanian volcanic arc); a cluster northeast of Sicily in the Aeolian Islands; and a cluster southwest of Sicily around the island of Pantelleria, in the Mediterranean's Strait of Sicily. Sardinia has had a totally separate geological history from that of the rest of Italy, where several cycles of volcanic activity occurred, the last of which ended at the beginning of the Pleistocene, but currently hosts only permanently extinct volcanoes.

Due to their position within densely populated areas, Etna and Vesuvius have been included in the list of "Volcanoes of the Decade", a global list of volcanoes to be kept under closer surveillance. In particular, the "Volcanoes of the Decade" is a list drawn up by International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, as part of a United Nations project, which includes, overall, 16 volcanoes distributed all over the world.

Italy was the first country to exploit geothermal energy to produce electricity. The high geothermal gradient that forms part of the peninsula makes it potentially exploitable also in other regions; research carried out in the 1960s and 1970s identified potential geothermal fields in Lazio and Tuscany, as well as in most volcanic islands.

Volcanoes

Active volcanoes
Four of Italy's volcanoes have erupted in the last one hundred years:

 Mount Etna, on Sicily (continuous activity). It is the highest volcano in Europe west of the Caucasus. It last erupted in August 2023.
 Stromboli, one of the Aeolian Islands (continuous activity).
 Mount Vesuvius, near Naples (last erupted in 1944); the only volcano to have recently erupted in Continental Europe.
 Vulcano, another of the Aeolian Islands, last erupted in 1888–1890.

Dormant volcanoes

At least 10 other volcanic centres have seen eruptions in historic times. In order of the most recent eruptions, they are:
 Pantelleria, off the coast of Tunisia, probably last erupted around 1,000 BC. There was a submarine eruption a few kilometres north-east of the island in 1891, which was probably related to the main volcano.
 Vulcanello, a small volcano connected by an isthmus to the island of Vulcano, which erupted out of the sea in 183 BC and showed occasional activity thereafter until the 16th century.
 Phlegraean Fields, a huge caldera containing the western area of Naples, erupted in 1538, generating the small tuff cone named Monte Nuovo ("new mountain").
 Ischia, an island 20 kilometres west of Naples, last erupted in 1302.
 Lipari, an island a couple of kilometres from Vulcano, has a volcano which last erupted in 1230.
 Monte Albano, a quiescent volcanic complex near Rome (south). The most recent eruptions produced Lake Nemi and Lake Albano. It may have last erupted in 5,000 BC, the idea of eruptions during the Holocene have since been questioned, and the last ascertained eruption occurred in 34,000 BC. Since this time interval is comparable to the average dormancy time of the volcano, it cannot yet be considered extinct.
 Sabatini, (Bracciano volcano and Sacrofano volcano) is a volcanic complex and caldera near Rome (north). It last erupted in 70,000 BC, but, as for the Monte Albano, it cannot yet be considered extinct.
 Cimini (Cimino volcano and Vico volcano), a volcanic complex and caldera at the north of the Sabatini volcanic complex. It last erupted in 90,000 BC.
 Panarea, part of the Aeolian Islands, last erupted in the Pleistocene, but a high seismic and gaseous activity suggests that it can be considered quiescent.

Underwater volcanoes

In addition to the volcanoes on land, there are three submarine volcanoes in the seas surrounding Italy, in particular in the south-eastern Tyrrhenian and in the Strait of Sicily:
 Marsili, a submarine volcano in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Marsili rises 3,000 metres from the seabed in the Tyrrhenian sea 180 km south of Naples. Its summit is only 500 metres below the surface of the water. The volcano last erupted between 2,100 and 5,000 BC, and is considered active, and potentially dangerous, as a possible collapse of the volcanic building could trigger a tsunami. However, it is not yet clear how much this eventuality is actually possible, as there is no evidence of similar collapses (and consequent tsunamis) in the last 700,000 years.
 Isola Ferdinandea, emerged following a surtseyan eruption, a few kilometers north-west of Pantelleria in 1831, reaching a maximum height of 63 meters, but was eroded again at sea level after a few months. The summit is now a few meters below the surface of the sea. A later eruption may have occurred in 1863, but this is not proven. A swarm of small earthquakes in 2002 led to think that magma was moving under the volcano, but no eruption occurred. It is located in the so-called Graham volcanic field, which is believed to be, together with the nearby Terribile and Nerita fields, part of a hypothetical large underwater volcano called Empedocles. However, this hypothesis is not definitively confirmed.
 Palinuro, an underwater volcano in the Tyrrhenian Sea near the Cilento coast. It last erupted around 8,000 BC, and like the Marsili it is considered active and potentially dangerous.

Main extinct volcanoes

In Italy there is also a large number of geological structures due to extinct volcanic centres. It is possible to group these volcanoes into various categories:

 Many smaller islands belonging to the Italian Republic are of volcanic origin; the remaining Aeolian Islands (Alicudi, Filicudi, Salina) and Phlegraean Islands (Vivara and Procida), the Cyclopean Isles, Ustica, Linosa, the Pontine Islands and Capraia.
 Vulsini (Bolsena volcano, Latera volcano, Montefiascone volcano), a caldera complex at the northern end of the Roman magmatic province (at the north of Cimini volcanic complex).
 Lazio anti-Apennines; this area was particularly rich in volcanic activity up to the Upper Pleistocene, leaving behind a large number of volcanoes with a characteristic more or less circular shape (due to the collapse of the magma chamber): Lake Bolsena, Lake Bracciano, Lake Albano, Lake Nemi, Lake Vico. The corresponding volcanic systems are those of the Alban Hills, Monti Sabatini, Monti Cimini, Monti Volsini, and Monti della Tolfa. The first two considered dormant, the others (despite an alleged eruption of the Volsini in 104 BC) are instead considered definitively extinct.
 Still in the anti-Apennines, to the south, are the Roccamonfina (in Campania) and the Vulture, both dating back to the Pleistocene.
 To the north, in Tuscany, the Monte Amiata last erupted about 130,000 BC, and which still has a remarkable geothermal activity.
 Much older (dating back to the Oligocene) are the Euganean Hills in Veneto.
 In Valsesia (Piedmont) the remains of an ancient supervolcano were found, dating back to about 290 million years ago, long before the formation of the Alps.
 Among the volcanoes of Sardinia the main ones are Monte Arci (whose obsidian was extracted and exported in prehistoric times), Montiferru, Mount Arcuentu and the plateaus of the Giare, of a basaltic nature. These are volcanoes dating back to the period between the end of the Pliocene and the first part of the Pleistocene.
 In the Tyrrhenian Sea there are also numerous submarine volcanoes that are now considered extinct: the Vasilov, the Lametini, the Magnaghi, as well as numerous other underwater mountains whose volcanic nature has only recently been discovered.

Significant eruptions

Vesuvius

The volcanic system of Somma-Vesuvius is generally characterized by explosive eruptions. The most widely-known is the one that destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae and Oplontis in 79 AD, causing thousands of victims. It is estimated that this eruption had a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) equal to 5, and is considered the archetype of Plinian eruptions, which are named after Pliny the Younger, an eyewitness of the event.

Scholars have discovered that previously Vesuvius had given rise to even more violent Plinian eruptions, the last of which was that of the pumice of Avellino about 3,900 BP (estimated to have a VEI of 6). After 79 AD there were no more plinian eruptions, but at most sub-plinian. The most important were that of 472 AD (whose ash reached Constantinople) and that of 1631, which killed thousands of people (due to pyroclastic flows and lahars),) and which was taken as a reference by Protezione Civile for the drafting of evacuation plans in the event of future eruptions. Due to this eruptive history, and the very high population density in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Vesuvius is considered one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the world.

Phlegraean Fields

Unlike Vesuvius, the nearby Phlegraean Fields are not made up of a single large volcanic edifice, but are a vast volcanic field within which numerous eruptive vents have opened, often different from eruptions. The only eruption in historical times, which generated Monte Nuovo and Lake Avernus, was of low intensity, and was preceded by a period of quiescence that lasted more than 3,000 years (before which there was a long sequence of close eruptions). However, the Phlegraean Fields are capable of producing violent eruptions, which earned them the title of supervolcano.

The most famous was that of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption, which occurred about 40,000 BP, considered the most severe ever to occur in the Mediterranean area, having a VEI equal to 7, and which probably had effects on the climate worldwide. Only slightly less intense was that of the Neapolitan yellow tuff, which occurred about 15,000 BP. There are also indications of a third large-magnitude eruption, which probably occurred 29,000 BP. For this reason, the Phlegraean Fields are also closely monitored by the Vesuvius Observatory.

They are also characterized by numerous secondary volcanic phenomena, of which the best known is the Phlegraean bradyseism, which in the second half of the 1900s led to the evacuation of entire districts of the city of Pozzuoli.

Etna

Etna is characterized by an almost continuous eruptive activity, and, unlike Vesuvius, the eruptions of Etna tend to be effusive, with lava flows that can come from both the summit craters and side openings. These eruptions almost always do not cause high damage, but there are exceptions. The largest effusive eruption of Etna in historical times took place in 1669, when the lava buried numerous villages reaching the sea near Catania, with a flow up to 17 km long. This eruption completely changed the landscape of the area, but due to its effusive nature there were no victims associated with the eruption.

Another eruption of similar magnitude occurred in 396 BC, when the lava flows, reaching the sea, hindered the advance of the Carthaginian army of Himilco during the Greco-Punic wars (as described by Diodorus Siculus). A few dozen deaths were recorded in Bronte in the eruption of 1843, due to a phreatic explosion due to contact between the lava and a source of water. The last highly destructive eruption occurred in 1928, when the lava buried the town of Mascali. In the 1979 eruption, a sudden explosion caused nine deaths and 23 injuries in a group of tourists on excursion, and in that same eruption the last official order to evacuate an inhabited centre was issued due to an eruption of Etna.

The great explosive eruption of 122 BC, a Plinian event, which caused serious damage to the Roman city of Catania, which for this reason was exempt from paying taxes to Rome for a decade, was completely different. A further explosive eruption, of a sub-Plinian type, occurred in 44 BC. This eruptive history, associated with the high population density of the Metropolitan City of Catania (but with a less problematic situation than that of Naples), therefore requires continuous surveillance of the volcano.

Stromboli

Stromboli is one of the most active volcanoes in the world, with almost persistent activity for at least 2,000 years, which is why it was nicknamed the "lighthouse of the Mediterranean". Usually this activity consists of a continuous degassing, interspersed with small bursts of low intensity, at temporal distances that can vary from a few minutes to a few hours, a type of eruption that is defined precisely as Strombolian.

About 1–2 times per decade, lava can overflow from the summit craters, forming flows that can also reach the sea. These flows usually go towards the north-western area of the island, in the so-called Sciara del Fuoco (a depression shaped like a horseshoe, formed about 6,000 BP,) away from the inhabited settlements. At irregular intervals, Stromboli can give rise to much more violent explosions than normal, called paroxysms, which can instead cause damage to the population.

On 11 September 1930, what is considered the most violent eruptive event of the volcano in the last 13 centuries, occurred with a massive fallout of volcanic material on the inhabited centre of Ginostra and the formation of a pyroclastic flow outside the Sciara del Fuoco. In total, there were four deaths and numerous buildings destroyed. The most recent paroxysmal events occurred on 3 July and 28 August 2019, with the former explosion causing the death of a hiker. In these eruptions, pyroclastic flows able to flow over the sea for a few hundred meters have also been observed.

A further source of danger about Stromboli is the risk of landslides (often in correspondence with the paroxysms), both aerial and submarine, capable of causing tsunami waves. The last event of this type occurred on 30 December 2002, when the wave did damage to coastal buildings. An underwater landslide event of greater proportions could have caused the tsunami in the Gulf of Naples in 1343.

See also

Geology of Italy
Geothermal power in Italy
List of volcanoes in Italy
National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology

References

External links
 Information about Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, Ischia and Stromboli
 Information about Etna, Stromboli, Lipari and Vulcano
 Italy Volcanoes and Volcanics
Larderello isn't a volcano

Volcanism of Italy


Yazıköy, Karabük ilinin Yenice ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Köyün adı, 1919 yılı kayıtlarında Yazılıviran olarak geçmektedir.

Coğrafya
Köy, Karabük il merkezine 33 km, Yenice ilçe merkezine 3 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Yenice (Karabük) belde ve köyleri

Yazıköy, Yenice


An Mediocalcar bulbophylloides in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Johannes Jacobus Smith. An Mediocalcar bulbophylloides in nahilalakip ha genus nga Mediocalcar, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mediocalcar

Mediocalcar bulbophylloides


Spacecraft Event Time (SCET) is the spacecraft-local time for events that happen at the spacecraft.  SCET is used for command programs that control the timing of spacecraft operations and to identify when specific events occur on the spacecraft relative to Earth time.

SCET versus Earth time

Since signals between the spacecraft and Earth are limited to the speed of light, there is a delay between the time an event happens on the spacecraft (such as the transmission of data taken from an instrument reading) and the time that a signal reporting the event reaches Earth.  Similarly, there is a delay between when instructions are sent from Earth and when the spacecraft receives the instructions.  The length of delay is related to the distance between the sending and receiving points.  Failure to take this delay into account could result in inaccurate data or mistakes in spacecraft control.

Calculating SCET

Determining the Spacecraft Event Time involves taking the time at Earth and adding or subtracting the signal travel time, depending on whether the signal is being sent to or received from the spacecraft.  For events transmitted from the spacecraft to Earth, the SCET of an event on the spacecraft can be defined as equal to the ERT (Earth-Received Time) minus the OWLT (One-Way Light Time).  For events transmitted from Earth to the spacecraft, the calculation is TRM (transmission time) plus OWLT.  For example, if a signal were received on Earth at exactly 11:00 UTC from a spacecraft showing that it had just completed a maneuvering thrust, but the spacecraft was four light-hours away from Earth (the distance of the New Horizons spacecraft at one point as it approaches Pluto), the SCET time of the thrust maneuver would have been four hours earlier, at 07:00.

Spacecraft Event Time in UTC is also known as Orbiter UTC, and Earth-received time as Ground UTC.

Spacecraft control

Since it takes time for a radio transmission to reach a spacecraft from Earth, the usual operation of a spacecraft is controlled with an uploaded command script containing SCET markers to ensure a certain timeline of events. Because of the delay between the sending of instructions from Earth and their receipt and execution by the spacecraft, real-time commanding of robotic spacecraft is done rarely: usually only in response to an emergency event, when changes in spacecraft operations must be made as soon as possible.  For example, a spacecraft could be instructed to go into safe mode to protect it during a coronal mass ejection (CME) from the Sun.

Presentation format

Spacecraft event times stored in relation to instrument data from spacecraft events (e.g. images) are generally presented in ISO 8601 using one of the following formats:
 CCYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS.sssZ (preferred format)
 CCYY-DDDTHH:MM:SS.sssZ
However, the trailing Z (which indicates that the time is given in UTC) is often assumed/omitted.

Notes

References
 Basics of Space Flight Glossary, JPL/NASA
 Data Standards, PDS/NASA

Spaceflight concepts
Time scales

Spacecraft Event Time


Ordinul cartusian (în franceză, l'Ordre des Chartreux, precum și Ordre cartusien), este un ordin religios de tip semi-eremitic, fondat în 1084 de Sfântul Bruno și șase însoțitori (patru clerici și doi laici). Și-a luat numele de la masivul Chartreuse, situat la nord de Grenoble, în comuna Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse, în departamentul Isère, unde se află și actuala mănăstire Grande Chartreuse. Din 2014 ministrul general al ordinului este Dysmas de Lassus.

Comunitatea mănăstirii Grande Chartreuse

Viața, tradițiile și istoria ordinului sunt indisociabile de cele ale casei-mamă, mănăstirea Grande Chartreuse, situată în împrejurimile comunei Saint-Pierre-de-Chartreuse, în departamentul Isère, din Franța. Superiorul mănăstirii, șef al ordinului, și comunitatea joacă un rol fundamental în viața și evoluția ordinului. Părintele general este superiorul său. Membrii săi pot fi aleși prin definiție de capitulul general; ei îl asistă direct pe Părintele Reverend în administrarea ordinului. Ei joacă, mai ales cu privire la ordin, un rol exemplar tacit. Până într-o perioadă recentă, comunitatea de la Chartreuse nu făcea obiectul vizitelor canonice.

Istoria cartusienilor

Istoria Cartusienilor începe în 1084 cu la fondarea primei mănăstiri în masivul muntos Chartreuse, deasupra orașului Grenoble în Dauphiné, de Sfântul Bruno, originar din Köln, și șase însoțitori ai săi (patru clerici: Lanuin, Hugues le Chapelain, Étienne și Étienne, cât și doi laici: André și Guérin), care au fondat împreună comunitatea Grande Chartreuse, casa-mamă a Ordinului Cartusian.

În 1090 Bruno a fost chemat de papa Urban al II-lea la Roma, care l-a trimis în Calabria să fondeze un nou ermitaj, fără legătură instituțională cu prima fundație de la Chartreuse. După moartea sa, survenită la 6 octombrie 1101, această a doua fundație s-a alipit rapid de Ordinul Cistercian. Nu s-a afiliat la Ordinul Cartusian decât în secolul al XVI-lea, când Cartusienii s-au instalat acolo într-un mod durabil.

Deviză, blazon, siglă

Deviza Ordinului Cartusian, apărută târziu, este Stat Crux dum volvitur orbis (în română: "Crucea stă, în timp ce lumea se mișcă").

Personalități
  (1373-1443), arhiepiscop de Bologna, diplomat, mediator în conflictul dintre Anglia și Franța (Războiul de 100 de Ani)

Note

Legături externe
 Ordre des Chartreux – Site officiel, pe site-ul chartreux.org
 Cartusiana.org, en ligne
 La vocation à l'Ordre Monastique des Chartreux, sur le site vocatiochartreux.org
 Musée de la Grande Chartreuse (la Correrie), sur le site musee-grande-chartreuse.fr
 La liqueur de Chartreuse, sur le site chartreuse.fr
 Les Analecta Cartusiana, collection dédiée à l'étude de l'Ordre des Chartreux, sur le site monsite.wanadoo.fr
 Images tournées dans des chartreuses entre 1985 et 2001, sur le site http://www.cine-art-loisir.com/v2/reportage-chartreux/

Chartreux

Ordinul Cartusian


Ferdinand Babić (Ravna Gora, 1827. – 1894.), hrvatski katolički svećenik i književnik. Pisao je pjesme, novele i pripovijetke.

Životopis
Rodio se u Ravnoj Gori 1827. godine. U Senju je na filozofsko-teološkom učilištu studirao teologiju od 1846. do 1850. godine. Dvije pjesničke tvorevine Ferdinanda Babića većeg su obujma: Spomenik gradu Bakru i Nikola Jurišić. Umro je 1894. godine. Prva knjiga sabranih djela tiskana mu je mnogo poslije njegove smrti, 1995. godine. Za objavu djela najviše je zaslužan Milan Nosić.

Izvori

Hrvatski katolički svećenici
Hrvatski pjesnici
Hrvatski novelisti

Ferdinand Babić


Durrach ist der Name folgender Orte:

 Durrach (Gemeinde Pram), Ortschaft von Pram (Oberösterreich), Bezirk Grieskirchen, Oberösterreich
 Durrach (Gemeinde Stans), Ortsteil von Stans (Tirol), Bezirk Schwaz, Tirol

Siehe auch:

 Durach
 Dürrach
 Turrach

Durrach


Corpus Kristi - og drømmen om fred er dansk en eksperimentalfilm fra 1983, der er instrueret af Carsten Sønder efter manuskript af ham selv og Erik Kr. Sloth.

Handling
Filmen har ingen egentlig handling, men kredser i en række stemninger om krigen i stort og småt. Den viser volden og aggressionerne, der ulmer under overfladen. Ikke krig med soldater og bomber, men den lille krig mellem mennesker i dagligdagen. Skænderier, slagsmål. På en banegård. Mellem legende børn. Krigen ses som en sindstilstand.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Eksperimentalfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 1983

Corpus Kristi - og drømmen om fred


Le dème d'Elátia, en  / Dímos Elatíon, est un ancien dème du district régional de Zante, en Grèce. Depuis 2010, il est fusionné au sein du dème de Zante.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du dème compte .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Dème dans les îles Ioniennes
Ancien dème en Grèce

Elátia (dème)


Josip Vrlić (Rijeka, 25. travnja 1986.), hrvatski je vaterpolist, visok 198 centimetara i težak 135 kilograma. Njegov mlađi brat Mislav vaterpolist je riječkog Primorja.

Igrao je za ove vaterpolske klubove:

  VK Jug
 VK Radnički Kragujevac
 Botafogo
 Barceloneta

Od srpnja 2019. poznato je da je Vrlić iz španjolskog kluba Barceloneta otišao u zagrebačku Mladost, za koju će početi igrati u nadolazećim mjesecima.

Osvojio je zlatno odličje na Europskom prvenstvu u Splitu 2022. godine.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Životopisi, Rijeka
Hrvatski vaterpolisti

Josip Vrlić


József Szauder () a fost un istoric literar și eseist maghiar, membru corespondent al Academiei Maghiare de Științe.

Principalele sale domenii de cercetare au fost istoria literaturii maghiare din perioada iluminismului și din epoca reformelor, poezia maghiară modernă, literatura italiană din secolele al XIII-lea - al XVIII-lea și formarea și dezvoltarea criticii literare maghiare.

Biografie
A fost fiul lui József Szauder (1891-1972), comerciant de materiale de construcții și antreprenor minier, și al Idei Rojkó (1891-1974). A urmat studii de filologie maghiară și filologie italiană la universitățile din Budapesta și Roma. În 1941 a devenit profesor la Liceul Kölcsey Ferenc din Budapesta. Între 1950 și 1955 a lucrat la Biblioteca Națională Széchényi, iar din 1950 a predat ca profesor asociat la Universitatea "Eötvös Loránd" din Budapesta. În perioada 1956-1975 a fost șef de departament la Institutul de Istorie Literară din cadrul Academiei Maghiare de Științe. Din 1968 și până la moartea sa a fost redactor al publicației Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények, revista Institutului de Istorie Literară.

În perioada 1961-1966 a predat istoria literaturii maghiare și literatura maghiară de la începuturi până la 1849 la Universitatea József Attila din Szeged. Nu a predat doar cursuri de istorie culturală și istorie literară, ci a lucrat și în cercetare alături de istorici literari precum István Károly Horváth, Jenő Koltay-Kastner, Előd Halász, Attilá Tamás și tânărul Mihály Ilia. A realizat studii literare importante referitoare la opera literară a scriitorilor György Bessenyei, Mihály Csokonai Vitéz, Ferenc Kölcsey și Károly Kisfaludy, dar a fost preocupat de întreaga literatură maghiară și de mai multe domenii ale literaturii universale. Publicarea ediției critice a tuturor operelor lui Ferenc Kölcsey este meritul său.

Lucrarea sa cea mai importantă este A magyar irodalom története (Istoria literaturii maghiare) în șase volume și cu aproape 5.000 de pagini. A contribuit în principal la primele trei volume care prezintă literatura maghiară de la începuturi până în 1849, elaborând capitolele referitoare la literatura din perioada iluminismului și romantismului și făcând parte din colegiul academic care a verificat întregul material. Multe studii ale lui Szauder sunt încă o bază fundamentală de studiu pentru studenții de la facultățile de filologie.

A fost decan al Facultății de Științe Umaniste din Szeged în anul universitar 1964-1965, încercând să creeze în acel oraș un mediu cultural înalt. Nereușind să realizeze ceea ce și-a propus s-a întors la Institutul de Istorie Literară din cadrul Academiei Maghiare de Științe. În 1970 a fost ales membru corespondent al Academiei Maghiare de Științe. Din 1971 până în 1975 a fost profesor invitat la Universitatea din Roma. Moartea lui a survenit brusc.

Lucrări (selecție)
 Faludi [Ferenc] udvari embere [teză de doctorat] (1941)
 Magyar irodalom [în colaborare cu Tibor Klaniczay] (1950)
 Bessenyei György válogatott művei [editată de József Szauder] (1953)
 Bessenyei [György] [studii] (1953)
 Kölcsey Ferenc [studii] (1953, 1955)
 Kisfaludy Károly válogatott művei [editată de József Szauder] (1954, 1955)
 Kölcsey Ferenc összes művei [editată de József Szauder] (1960)
 A romantika útján [studii] (1961)
 Olasz irodalom – magyar irodalom [studii] (1963)
 Ciprus és obeliszk. Esszék cseh, francia, lengyel és olasz városokról és tájakról (1963)
 Kis magyar irodalomtörténet [în colaborare cu Tibor Klaniczay și cu Miklós Szabolcsi] (1961, 1962, 1965)
 "Dante a XIX. század magyar irodalmában". În: Dante a középkor és a renaissance között [carte publicată cu ocazia aniversării a 700 de ani de la nașterea lui Dante] (1966)
 Kölcsey Ferenc kiadatlan írásai, 1809–1811 (1968)
 Az estve és az álom. Felvilágosodás és klasszicizmus [studiu] (1970)
 A magyar irodalom története 1849-ig [elaborată de un colectiv de autori] (1957, 1964, 1968, 1971)
 Irodalom és felvilágosodás [studii, editată de Andor Tarnai] (1974)
 Előszó ad Hass, alkoss, gyarapíts! Kölcsey-breviárium [note de Ferenc Szilágyi] (1975)
 Kövek és könyvek. Esszék Itáliáról (1977)
 Az éj és a csillagok. Tanulmányok Csokonairól (1980)
 Tavaszi és őszi utazások. Tanulmányok a XIX. század magyar irodalmáról (1980)

Premii (selecție)

 Premiul Academiei Maghiare (1965)
 Premiul de stat clasa a II-a (1975) – pentru cercetarea literaturii maghiare din perioada iluminismului.

Note

Bibliografie
  ISBN 963-05-6807-1
 Szegedi egyetemi almanach / JATE Szeged, 1996. 1. köt. 559 o. ISBN 9634820379 Szauder szócikk: lásd 203. o.

Legături externe
 [ József Szauder] pe situl Bibliotecii Electronice Maghiare
 Szauder József élete és munkássága

Nașteri în 1917
Decese în 1975
Istorici literari maghiari
Membri ai Academiei Maghiare de Științe
Oameni din Budapesta

József Szauder


R92 peut faire référence à :
 Résultats anormaux d'imagerie diagnostique du sein, d'après la classification internationale des maladies ;
 Route régionale russe R92 reliant Kalouga à Orel.

Voir aussi
 Sigles d'une lettre suivie de deux chiffres

R92


Juan Venancio Araquistáin (Deva, 1828 - Tolosa, 7 de noviembre de 1906) fue un escritor español.

Nacido en el seno de una pudiente familia de la localidad guipuzcoana de Deva. Araquistáin estudió leyes en la Universidad de Valladolid. Trabajó de periodista durante largo tiempo y posteriormente como registrador de la propiedad en Azpeitia y Tolosa. Acabó asentado en esta última localidad donde falleció en 1906.

Obra literaria

La obra de Araquistáin se puede inscribir dentro del romanticismo del . Araquistáin se destacó como recopilador de cuentos y leyendas vascas tradicionales. Su obra más conocida es Tradiciones Vasco-Cántabras, una colección de ocho cuentos que publicó en 1866 cuando tenía 38 años de edad. Esta obra fue el punto de partida de un género, el de las leyendas y cuentos tradicionales, que tuvo gran difusión y éxito en el País Vasco durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Tuvo también una influencia en el nacimiento del nacionalismo vasco, aunque la obra de Araquistáin carecía de una motivación política. Parece que el autor se basó en tradiciones que recogió principalmente en su localidad natal, aunque no se sabe en que medida las leyendas de Araquistáin recogen una tradición ancestral o bien son creaciones literarias del propio autor.

La obra de Araquistáin se realizó principalmente en castellano, aunque también escribió algunas obras en lengua vasca. En 1886 publicó en la revista Euskal-Erria, Lelo Kantzoa (Canto de Lelo). En 1882 se publicó su novela histórica El Baso-Jaun de Etumeta.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
  Juan Benanzio Arakistain literaturaren zubitegian

Escritores en euskera
Escritores del País Vasco
Escritores de España del siglo XIX
Escritores de España del Romanticismo
Nacidos en Deva (Guipúzcoa)
Alumnado de la Universidad de Valladolid

Juan Venancio Araquistáin


نسبه

المجاهد الشيخ الفارس والشاعر محمد سوف ابن محمد اللافي المرموري المحمودي شيخ قبائل المحاميد من فرع أولاد المرموري، امه الشيخة فجرة بنت الشيخ غومه بن خليفة المحمودي.
و قبائل المحاميد من صميم العرب ومن كبار قبائل بنوسليم وهم بنو محمود بن طوق بن بقية بن وشاح بن عامر بن جابر بن فائد بن رافع بن دباب بن ربيعة بن زعب الأكبر بن جرو بن مالك بن خفاف بن امرئ القيس بن بهثة بن سليم بن منصور.

مولده ونشأته

و لد الشيخ محمد بمنطقة «وادي سوف» بالجنوب الجزائري سنة 1274 هـ، الموافق 1857م، وقد قد اعطى له ذلك اللقب «سوف»، لأنه ولد هناك خلال هجرة جده «غومه» إلى منطقة وادي سوف بعد ثورته الطويلة ضد الحكم العثماني في ولاية طرابلس الغرب، اما اسم محمد فقد اضيف إلى اسمه كعادة العرب اقتداء باسم الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم.
ولد محمد سوف بعد وفاة والده الحاج محمد اللافي ورعته امه السيدة فجرة بعد مقتل جده غومة وهو لم يتجاوز من العمر ثمانية أشهر، وقد ترعرع في كفالة اخيه «محمد» من ابيه، وتربى مع عائلته واهله في البادية الجزائرية التي غرست فيه الشهامة والشجاعة والصدق والكرم، وركب الخيل منذ صغره فنشأ فارسا مغوارا، وعاش مع قبيلته العربية ثائرا ومتمردا ضد الظلم والقهر والتعسف، فسار في طريق الثورة والنضال والكفاح والمقاومة حتى وافته المنية.

توليه مشيخة اولاد المرموري

بعد استشهاد الشيخ غومة انتقلت زعامة المحاميد_اولاد المرموري_إلى الشيخ ابي القاسم السعداوية الذي استرضته الدولة العثمانية ورأت ان من مصلحتها مهادنته وخطب وده، والتصالح معه، ومنحه رتبة الباشوية مع اعفاء المحاميد من الضرائب والرسوم السنوية، ونظرا لمكانة الشيخ ابي القاسم عند المحاميد فانهم لم يظهروا غضبهم السابق ومقتهم للأتراك، إلا أن ذلك الشيخ ققد اصابه مرض شديد فلم يجد المحاميد خلفا له اقدر من الشيخ محمد سوف فهو حفيد الشيخ «غومه» وصهر الشيخ ابي القاسم المتوفي، كما أنه كان يتحلى بصفات تؤهله لخلافة صهره في زعامة ومشيخة المحاميد، فقد كان الشيخ سوف أيضا خصب الخيال قوي الذاكرة ومن فحول شعراء البادية ونوابغهم.

علاقته مع الاتراك العثمانيين

المرحلة الأولى صراعه ضد الحكومتين التركية والفرنسية

و مع تولي الشيخ سوف زعامة وقيادة المحاميد، سرعان ما ناصبته السلطات التركية العداء، فطالبته بدفع الضرائب، فلم يكن امامه إلا أن ينتقل مع من معه من المحاميد وحلفائهم إلى المناطق الحدودية بين طرابلس وتونس، بل انهم توغلوا داخل الأراضي التونسية القريبة من الحدود، واخذوا يغيرون على القبائل الطرابلسية الموالية للاتراك والقاطنة قرب الحدود، ويفتكون ابلها ومواشيها تحديا وتمردا ضد السلطات التركية، وبذلك فقد شكلوا خطرا ومصدر قلق كبيرين للأتراك الذين سعوا من جديد امام تفاقم الأوضاع إلى التصالح معهم والعمل على ضرورة اعادتهم إلى داخل الأراضي الطرابلسية حتى يتجنبوا إثارة مشاكل أخرى مع فرنسا التي كانت تحتل وتسيطر على تلك الأراضي التونسية- وفعلا تم الصلح بين الجانبين خلال سنة 1882م، ومنح الشيخ سوف منصب قائمقام في منطقة الحوض الممتدة من الجبل الغربي إلى سهل الجفارة وهو أول منصب رسمي فيما يبدو يتولاه الشيخ سوف وعمره يناهز الخامسة والعشرين ربيعا، إلا أن عودة المحاميد ومن كان معهم لم يكتب لها النجاح، ذلك ان الأتراك سرعان ما اتهموا الشيخ سوف بايواء معارضيهم فعاد الخلاف بين الجانبين، ورجع المحاميد واتباعهم إلى مناطق الحدود مع تونس ، وهناك شكل المحاميد ومن معهم من التونسيين وغيرهم من الثائرين حيث انضم إليهم عدد من البدو الآخرين، واخذوا يهاجمون السلطات والأهالي المستسلمين بغارات متواصلة، مما دفع فرنسا ان تطلب من الحكومة العثمانية سرعة ابعاد القبائل التونسية المهاجرة داخل الإيالة الطرابلسية لانها كانت من وراء تلك الأحداث بالتعاون مع بعض رجال القبائل الطرابلسية، وقد اضطر الباب العالي ان يلزم سلطاته في ولاية طرابلس الغرب بان تخير تلك القبائل التونسية بين امرين اما التوجه إلى المناطق الشرقية من إقليم طرابلس (مصراتة-سرت) بحيث لا يعود في مقدورها مساندة المقاومة أو القيام بها داخل التراب التونسي، إلا أن أولئك التونسيين قد رفضوا ذلك واحتموا بالشيخ سوف الذي حماهم من تسلط الحكومتين الفرنسية والتركية.

و عبثا احتجت الحكومة الفرنسية على أعمال الإغارة والتحريض والتمرد، فقامت بمهاجمة وضرب الثوار واعوانهم ومن ذلك المعركة التي تعرف (يوم العثنبي) والتي هجم فيها ثلاثمئة فارس مسلح من القوات الفرنسية على جموع من قبيلة المحاميد-دون سواهم-القاطنة بارض العثنبي داخل الأراضي التونسية، وكان ذلك الهجوم في أول أيام عيد الاضحى المبارك، وقد جرح الشيخ سوف في المعركة.

المرحلة الثانية -عودته للقائمقامية

و قد حاول العثمانيين عبثا منع الشيخ سوف من القيام بغزواته ضد الفرنسيين، ولكنهم عجزوا عن وضع يدهم عليه، فلم يفلحوا في القاء القبض عليه رغم المحاولات العديدة، فاضطروا أخيرا إلى اللجوء للعمل على التفاهم معه وكسب وده، وانهاء الخلافات وعلى عودته مع جميع اتباعه إلى داخل الأراضي الطرابلسية.

و يشير تقرير الذي اعده مكتب الاستعلامات الإيطالي بطرابلس ان الوالي العثماني رجب باش قام من أجل ذلك بتعيين الشيخ سوف مديرا لمنطقة (الحوض-قطيس) سنة 1890م، ويضيف التقرير يقول «... عندها فقط بدأ وكأنه استسلم للسلطة ولكن كان ذلك ظاهريا، إذ ان قبيلته استمرت في ممارسة أعمال السلب والنهب والقيام بالاغارات على الحدود التونسية غير ابهة بالاحتجاجات المتكررة التي تقدمها الحكومة الفرنسية ضد الشيخ سوف الذي اعتبرته المسؤول والمحرض على تلك الأعمال..».
إلا أن العلاقة سائت مع العثمانيين من جديد فاعفوه من منصبه وحاول القبض عليه ولكنهم لم يفلحوا في ذلك.

المرحلة الثالثة تصالحه مع الاتراك العثمانيين

يبدو أن الوالي العثماني الجديد رجب باشا 1904-1908م قد قام بعديد من الجهود في سبيل إصلاح أحوال ايالة طرابلس الغرب والتي كان من بينها انهاء الخلافات المحلية وخاصة مع المحاميد بصفة مطلقة حيث قام بتعيين الشيخ سوف مديرا لمنطقة الحوض، واغدق عليه المنح الوفيرة والهدايا الكثيرة، كما عينه مديرا في منطقة مزدة فيما بعد..
و يذكر ان ابن الشيخ سوف المدعو عبد الصمد الذي كان يدرس في الكلية الحربية بأستنبول كان له دور في انهاء الخلافات بين المحاميد والسلطة العثمانية، وبذلك انتهت المشاكل -فيما يبدو- بين الطرفين، ولم يكن له أي اثر فيما بعد.

جهاده وتصديه للغزو الإيطالي

تصديه المبكر للتغلغل الإيطالي في طرابلس

خلال فترة التمهيد الإيطالي لغزو طرابلس الغرب، وتكاثر اعداد الجالية الإيطالية بها واتساع رقعة مشاريعهم الزراعية والصناعية وغيرها، فان الشيخ سوف قد أعلن عن موقفه الشخصي من تلك الأحداث التي رأى ضرورة استنكارها والوقوف في وجهها والتصدي لها، وقد شارك مع عدد من زعماء طرابلس في كتابة عريضة احتجاج ضد المشاريع والنفوذ الإيطالي في طرابلس، وقد ارسلوا العريضة بالتلغراف إلى الأستانة واظهروا فيها استيائهم من لهجة وسائل الاعلام الإيطالي واوضحوا انهم سيدافعون عن بلادهم بكل ما يملكون، وطلبوا من الباب العالي تحصين الولاية وإمدادها بالذخائر والمؤن، كما طلبوا سرعة رد الإجابة عليهم، إلا أن الرد كان مخيبا للامال، فلا الذخائر وصلت ولا تم تحصين البلاد والاستعداد لماجهة الغزو الإيطالي التي كانت بوادره تلوح بوضوح، ولا تم كبح جماح إيطاليا في نشاطاتها المختلفة بطرابلس.

اجتماع طرابلس
عندما تعرضت ولاية طرابلس الغرب للغزو الإيطالي في شهر أكتوبر من سنة 1911، كان الشيخ سوف من جملة قادتها وابطال مقاومتها الأوائل وقد حضر عقد اجتماع لزعماء طرابلس يوم السادس من شهر أكتوبر سنة 1911، وحضره أيضا معظم اعيان إقليم طرابلس، وفيه تمت دراسة الموقف العام وما يتطلبه من اجراءات هامة وسريعة، ومن بين ما تم اقراره في ذلك الاجتماع تحديد الأماكن التي سيعسكر فيها المجاهدون، وكيفية دعوة الناس للجهاد ومشاركة الأهالي للقوات النظامية العثمانية «التي لم تكن قد استسلمت بعد في حينها» في القتال ضد إيطاليا، وتسليم القيادة العسكرية «لنشأت بك»، وقد ابرق الأخير باعتباره مسؤول الولاية الأول إلى الأستانة بتلك القرارات، التي وافقت عليها الحكومة العثمانية، حيث تم تعيين نشأت بك والياً وقائداً عسكرياً لطرابلس.

معركتي الهاني وسيدي المصري
كان الشيخ سوف على رأس مجموعة من المجاهدين مع زملائه من المجاهدين المغوارين مثل المجاهد رمضان قشوط العرادي الذين كانوا يبذلون مافي جهدهم لمواجهة الغزاة وطردهم من الولاية، ففي معركة الهاني بطرابلس يوم 26 أكتوبر ومعركة سيدي المصري يوم 27 أكتوبر 1911م حضر الشيخ سوف وشارك مع القوات العثمانية ومجاهدي القبائل الطرابلسية في هزيمة القوات الإيطالية هناك، يقول الطاهر الزاوي الذي كان حاضرا ومشاركا في تلك المعركة هو الآخر.. " كما أني لم انسى الشيخ محمد سوف شيخ المحاميد في عصره، وهو راكب على جواده يؤانس المجاهدين بعد رجوعهم من المعركة، ويثبت قلوبهم ويحرضهم على الاستمرار في الجهاد ويقول لهم: " لا يصح ان نصدر عن البئر قبل أن نشرب " ويعني الشيخ بذلك انه يجب عليهم ان يصبروا على ملاقاة العدو ولا يتركوا الجهاد حتى يطردوا الإيطاليين من بلادهم..

و يفيد التقرير الإيطالي المشار اليه سابقا أن الشيخ سوف الب المواطنين وحثهم على ضرورة مقاومتنا كما شكل ونظم فرقا مسلحة قوية ضمت مقاتلين من قبائل عديدة منها المحاميد والصيعان، وشارك هو شخصيا في المقاومة ضدنا ".

معركة الهاني -بومليانة-
في يوم 2 نوفمبر 1911م وقعت معركة الهاني-بو مليانة- بطرابلس، وقد شاركت فيها قوات المجاهدين التي تولى قيادتها الشيخ محمد سوف والشيخ المهدي السني  إضافة إلى القوات العثمانية، وقد تمكن المجاهدون من دحر القوات الإيطالية واجبارها على الفرار، كما تمت مطاردتها حتى دخلت المدينة (طرابلس) -شارع بن عاشور حاليا-تاركة ورائها مئات من القتلى والجرحى.

المصادر
د.مصطفى علي هويدي، الشيخ محمد سوف المحمودي ودوره الوطني، صفحة من تاريخ ليبيا السياسي، دار الكتب الوطنية، بنغازي، ليبيا، الطبعة الأولى،2002م.

المراجع

قادة عسكريون مسلمون
مجاهدون ليبيون

محمد سوف المحمودي


Arnaldo de Vivarés fue un jurista español del , tal vez originario de Vivarais (Francia).

En 1335 era juez ordinario de Gerona. Redactó varios articulados de costumbres y prácticas jurídicas de dicha ciudad y diócesis. En 1337 el rey Pedro el Ceremonioso le autorizó, junto con otro jurista gerundense, Francisco Terrades, para abogar contra los derechos fiscales y contra la ciudad, a pesar de una prohibición general existente.

Bibliografía
Valls Taberner, Els Usatges i Consuetuds de Girona en la Revista de Catalunya (Barcelona, mayo de 1927)
Carlos Rahola, La ciutat de Girona (Barcelona, 1929)

Referencias

Juristas de España del siglo XIV

Arnaldo de Vivarés


Mon premier combat (First Match) est un film américain réalisé par Olivia Newman, sorti en 2018.

Synopsis
Une adolescente de Brooklyn, endurcie par les foyers, s'enrôle dans une équipe de lutte masculine pour retrouver son père.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Mon premier combat
 Titre original : First Match
 Réalisation : Olivia Newman
 Scénario : Olivia Newman
 Musique : Olivier Alary
 Photographie : Ashley Connor
 Montage : Tamara Meem
 Production : Chanelle Elaine, Veronica Nickel et Bryan Unkeless
 Société de production : CreativeBionics et Clubhouse Pictures
 Pays :
 Genre : Drame
 Durée : 102 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
Netflix :

Distribution
 Elvire Emanuelle : Mo
 Yahya Abdul-Mateen II : Darrel
 Colman Domingo : l'entraineur Castile
 Jharrel Jerome : Omari
 Kim Ramirez : Lucila
 Jared Kemp : Malik
 Kamika Desrosiers : Nyasa
 Kawari Desrosiers : Nyasa
 Jimmy Gary Jr. : Hassan
 Antonio Ortiz : Jorge
 Travis Raeburn : Jamal
 Tyson Sheppard : Tyson
 Allen Maldonado : Juan
 Jeanette Branch : Nadege
 Eisa Davis : Bianca
 Jae Ponder : Nathalie
 Terrence Glenn Thomas : le principal DeMarco

Accueil
Le film a reçu un accueil favorable de la critique. Il obtient un score moyen de 68 % sur Metacritic.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film américain sorti en 2018
Film dramatique américain
Film sur la lutte
Film tourné à New York
Film distribué par Netflix

Mon premier combat


.dm Dominika için internet ülke kodu üst seviye alan adıdır. (CcTLD)

Dominika'da iletişim
dm
1991 tanıtımları

.dm


Spirit of St. Louis (nr. de înmatriculare: N-X-211) este un monoplan personalizat cu un singur motor și un singur loc cu care Charles Lindbergh a zburat în 20-21 mai 1927, în primul zbor transatlantic de la Long Island, New York, la Paris, Franța, pentru care Lindbergh a câștigat Premiul Orteig de 25.000 de dolari.

Aeronava lui Lindbergh a decolat pe aerodromul Roosevelt din Garden City, New York, și a aterizat după 33 ore și 30 de minute pe Aeroportul Le Bourget din Paris, Franța, parcurgând o distanță de aproximativ 3.600 de mile (5.800 km). Unul dintre cele mai cunoscute avioane din lume, Spirit a fost fabricat de către compania Ryan Airlines din San Diego, California, care era deținută și operată în acea vreme de Benjamin Franklin Mahoney care o achiziționase de la fondatorul său, T. Claude Ryan, în 1926. Spirit este expus permanent acum galeria Milestones of Flight de la principala cale de acces în National Air and Space Museum a Smithsonian Institution din Washington, D.C.

Referințe

Note

Referințe

Bibliografie

 Bak, Richard. The Big Jump: Lindbergh and the Great Atlantic Air Race. Hoboken, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. ISBN 978-0-471-47752-5.
 Belfiore, Michael. Rocketeers: How a Visionary Band of Business Leaders, Engineers, and Pilots is Boldly Privatizing Space. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 2007. ISBN 978-0-06-114903-0.
 Bowers, Peter M. "The Many Splendid Spirits of St. Louis." Air Progress, Volume 20, No. 6, June 1967.
 Cassagneres, Ev. The Untold Story of the Spirit of St. Louis: From the Drawing Board to the Smithsonian. New Brighton, Minnesota: Flying Book International, 2002. ISBN 0-911139-32-X.
 Forden, Lesley. The Ford Air Tours: 1925–1931. Alameda, California: Nottingham Press, 1973. ISBN 978-0-9725249-1-9.
 Gill. Brendan. Lindbergh Alone. New York: Harcourt, 1980. ISBN 978-0-1515-2401-3.
 Hall, Donald A. Technical Preparation of the Airplane "Spirit of St. Louis" N.A.C.A. Technical Note #257 Washington, DC: National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, July 1927. Retrieved: 18 mai 2007.
 Hall, Nova S. Spirit and Creator: The Mysterious Man Behind Lindbergh's Flight to Paris. Sheffield, Maryland: ATN Publishing, 2002. ISBN 0-9702964-4-4.
 Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf.  "A Viewer's Guide to Aviation Movies." The Making of the Great Aviation Films. General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989.
 Jackson, Joe. Atlantic Fever: Lindbergh, His Competitors, and the Race to Cross the Atlantic. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012. ISBN 978-0-37410-675-1.
 Lindbergh, Charles A. Spirit of St. Louis. New York: Scribners, 1953.
 Nevin, David, ed. The Pathfinders (The Epic of Flight, v. 2). Alexandria, Virginia: Time-Life Books, 1980. ISBN 0-8094-3256-0.
 Simpson, Rod. "Preserving the Spirit". Air-Britain Aviation World, Volume 55, no. 4,  2003. ISSN 0950-7434.
 Wohl, Robert. The Spectacle of Flight: Aviation and the Western Imagination, 1920–1950. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-300-10692-0.

Legături externe
 NYP Spirit of St. Louis, Charles A. Lindbergh – Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum
 The Spirit of St. Louis, charleslindbergh.com
 Lindbergh's Transatlantic Flight: New York to Paris Timeline, May 20–21, 1927, charleslindbergh.com
 Photo Archive by Donald A. Hall: Designer of the Spirit of St. Louis, charleslindbergh.com
 Raymond Orteig-$25,000 prize, charleslindbergh.com
 "Lindbergh's Great Partner", Popular Science, August 1927 pp. 12–13/123-125, one of earliest articles on Spirit of St. Louis.
 B.F. Mahoney was the "mystery man" behind the Ryan company that built Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis
 The Spirit of St. Louis airborne over Paris as Lindbergh leaves for Belgium, the next stop after a few days in France(flickr)(large detailed picture, if it won't reduce just hit 'refresh' button)
 Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis reproduction page

Istoria aviației
Monoplane

Spirit of St. Louis


9551 Kazi este un asteroid care intersectează orbita planetei Marte.

Descriere
9551 Kazi este un asteroid care intersectează orbita planetei Marte. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 2,63 ua, o excentricitate de 0,42 și o înclinație de 8,9° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 9001-10000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Asteroizi care intersectează orbita planetei Marte

9551 Kazi


Campanula lusitanica er tegund af klukkuætt (Campanulaceae), ættuð frá Íberíuskaga.

Tilvísanir

Bláklukkur

Campanula lusitanica


Staffanstorpspartiet er et lokalt politisk parti i Staffanstorps kommun i Skåne län. Partiet blev dannet i 1998, og det var repræsenteret i kommunalbestyrelsen i 1998 - 2014.

Ved valget i 1998 fik partiet valgt tre mandater (5,77 procent af stemmerne) ind i kommunalbestyrelsen. Ved valget i 2002 fik partiet to mandater. I 2006 og 2010 blev der valgt et mandat.

I 2014 fik partiet 0,47 procent af stemmerne. Dette gav intet mandat.

Lokale politiske partier i Sverige

Staffanstorpspartiet


Franco Sosa es un exjugador de fútbol uruguayo que jugaba de medio centro. Su último club fue el Tacuarembó Fútbol Club.

Clubes

Nacidos en el departamento de Tacuarembó
Futbolistas de Uruguay
Futbolistas del Tacuarembó Fútbol Club
Futbolistas del Club Deportivo Marathón
Futbolistas del Foot Ball Club Melgar en los años 2010
Futbolistas del Xelajú Mario Camposeco

Franco Ariel Sosa


Scottish Championship er den tredje bedste fodboldliga i Skotland etableret i 2013.

Etableret i 2013

Scottish League One


L'étang de Mateille est une surface d'eau lagunaire située sur le littoral méditerranéen du département de l'Aude à Gruissan, séparé de la mer Méditerranée par une plage d'environ 400 m de large.

Toponymie
Mateille vient de l'occitan mata : terrains couverts de broussailles.

Histoire
Des épaves du  et  siècle de notre ère ont été découvertes dans la partie Sud de l'étang actuel entre 500 m et 1 km du rivage actuel, entre le débouché de l'Oeil de Pal et le chenal du Grazel, à une profondeur de 5 à 6 mètres. Elles démontrent une activité portuaire importante à l'époque romaine et permettent de situer l'ancien rivage.

Description
L'étang est inclus sur le périmètre du Parc naturel régional de la Narbonnaise en Méditerranée, au nord de l'étang du Grazel auquel il est relié par un chenal (construit en 2006). Il s'étend tout en longueur sur plus de 3 kilomètres jusqu'à la zone résidentielle des Ayguades au nord des hauts de Gruissan d'où il est relié à l'étang des Ayguades. Il est bordé à l'ouest par les falaises de la Tintaine (montagne de la Clape) au pied desquelles venait battre la mer à l'époque romaine, longé par la route départementale D 332 et sa piste cyclable, et à l'est par le lido (plage des Mouettes ou de Mateille - plage naturiste). L'étang a une profondeur maximale de 7 mètres. Il est alimenté en eau douce par les deux recs de la Tintaine et de l'oeil de Pal (souvent à sec), bassin versant du massif de la clape et par les précipitations, l'apport en eau salée se fait par submersion de la digue et par le chenal.
Ce cordon littoral est submersible par tempête. Une digue construite dans les années 70, a permis l'apparition de dunes de sable fin apporté par le vent marin et le Cers.

Protection
 Le site est classé en ZNIEFF (910011254). et en Zone humide protégée par la convention de Ramsar (FR7200023).
 Espèces remarquables :
 végétales : Echinophore épineuse, Panicaut des dunes, Statice fausse-vipérine, Statice raide,
 animales : Lézard ocellé.

Activités
Une base nautique s'y trouve proposant, entre autres, de la planche à voile et du paddle

Voir aussi

 Lagune
 Étang de Bages-Sigean
 Étang de Gruissan
 Étang de l'Ayrolle
 Étang du Grazel
 Étang de Campignol
 Étang des Ayguades
 Salins de Gruissan ou de l'ile Saint Martin ou de la reprise
 Parc naturel régional de la Narbonnaise en Méditerranée

Notes et références

Lagune du littoral dans le département de l'Aude

Étang de Mateille


The Constitutional Democratic Party (, K-D), also called Constitutional Democrats and formally the Party of People's Freedom (), was a political party in the Russian Empire that promoted Western constitutional monarchy—among other policies—and attracted a base ranging from moderate conservatives to mild socialists. Party members were called Kadets (or Cadets) from the abbreviation K-D of the party name. Konstantin Kavelin's and Boris Chicherin's writings formed the theoretical basis of the party's platform. Historian Pavel Miliukov was the party's leader throughout its existence.

The Kadets' base of support were primarily intellectuals and professionals; university professors and lawyers were particularly prominent within the party. Many Kadet party members were veterans of the zemstvo, local councils. The Constitutional Democratic Party formed from the merger of several liberal groupings, namely the Union of Liberation, the Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists and the Union of Unions as well as the organization of bourgeois professionals and intellectuals, including teachers, lawyers, writers, physicians and engineers.

The Kadets' liberal economic program favored the workers' right to an eight-hour day and the right to take strike action. The Kadets "were unwaveringly committed to full citizenship for all of Russia's minorities" and supported Jewish emancipation. The party drew significant support from Jews and Volga Germans and a significant number of each group were active party members.

Radical origins (1905–1906)
The Constitutional Democratic Party was formed in Moscow on 12–18 October 1905 at the height of the Russian Revolution of 1905 when Tsar Nicholas II was forced to sign the October Manifesto granting basic civil liberties. The Kadets were to the immediate left of the Octobrists, another new formed party organized at the same time. Unlike the Octobrists, who were committed to constitutional monarchy from the start, the Kadets were at first ambiguous on the subject, demanding universal suffrage (including women's suffrage) and a Constituent Assembly that would determine the country's form of government. This radicalism was despite the fact 60% of Kadets were nobles. The Kadets were one of the parties invited by the reform-minded Prime Minister Sergei Witte to join his cabinet in October–November 1905, but the negotiations broke down over the Kadets' radical demands and Witte's refusal to drop notorious reactionaries like Petr Nikolayevich Durnovo from the cabinet.

With some socialist and revolutionary parties boycotting the election to the First Duma in February 1906, the Kadets received 37% of the urban vote and won over 30% of the seats in the Duma. They interpreted their electoral win as a mandate and allied with the left-leaning peasant Trudovik faction, forming a majority in the Duma. When their declaration of legislative intent was rejected by the government at the start of the parliamentary session in April, they adopted a radical oppositionist line, denouncing the government at every opportunity. On 9 July, the government announced that the Duma was dysfunctional and dissolved it. In response, 120 Kadet and 80 Trudovik and Social Democrat deputies went to in Vyborg, Finland (and thus beyond the reach of Russian police) and responded with the Vyborg Manifesto (or the "Vyborg Appeal"), written by Miliukov. In the manifesto, they called for passive resistance, non-payment of taxes and draft avoidance. The appeal failed to have an effect on the population at large and proved both ineffective and counterproductive, leading to a ban on its authors, including the entire Kadet leadership, from participation in future Dumas. This was further accentuated by the force of the tsar trying to control and deteriorate the power of the Duma.

It was not until later in 1906, with the revolution in retreat, that the Kadets abandoned revolutionary and republican aspirations and declared their support for a constitutional monarchy. The government remained suspicious of the Kadets until the fall of the monarchy in 1917. Finnish liberal politician and professor of jurisdiction and politology Leo Mechelin was expelled 1903–1904 when the Kadets were preparing to form a party. Mechelin cooperated with them and wrote them a liberal constitution for Russia to be enforced when they would get into power. At the time of Vyborg Manifesto, Mechelin was already the leader of the Finnish government, or "Mechelin's senate" (1905–1908), which implemented the universal right to vote and freedoms of expression, press, congregation and association.

Parliamentary opposition (1906–1917)
When the Second Duma was convened on 20 February 1907, the Kadets found themselves in a difficult position. Their leadership was not represented in the Duma after the Vyborg Manifesto fiasco and their numbers were reduced to about 100. Although still the largest faction in the Duma, they no longer dominated the parliament and their attempts to concentrate on lawmaking were frustrated by radicals on the left and on the right who saw the Duma as a propaganda tool. Although the Kadets had moderated their position in the Second Duma, they refused to vote in May 1907 for a resolution denouncing revolutionary violence which gave the government of Pyotr Stolypin a pretext to dissolve the Second Duma on 3 June 1907 and change the electoral law to drastically limit the representation of leftist and liberal parties.

Due to the changes in the electoral law, the Kadets were reduced to a relatively small (54 seats) opposition group in the Third Duma (1907–1912). Although excluded from the more important Duma committees, the Kadets were not entirely powerless and could determine the outcome of certain votes when allied with the centrist Octobrist faction against right-wing nationalist deputies. With the revolution crushed by 1908, they moderated their position even further as they voted to denounce revolutionary violence, no longer sought confrontation with the government and concentrated on influencing legislation whenever possible. By 1909, Miliukov could claim that the Kadets were now "the opposition of His Majesty, not the opposition to His Majesty", which caused only moderate dissent among the left-leaning faction of the party.

Although the Kadets, allied with the Progressive faction and the Octobrists, were able to push some liberal bills (religious freedoms, freedom of the press and of the labor unions) through the Duma, the bills were either diluted by the upper house of the parliament or vetoed by the tsar. The failure of their legislative program further discredited the Kadets' strategy of peaceful change through gradual reform.

In 1910, the government rekindled its pre-revolutionary Russification campaign in an attempt to restrict minority rights, notably drastically curtailing Finland's autonomy. Most Kadets were opposed to these policies and allied with the left-wing of the Octobrists tried to blunt them as much as possible, but they were unsuccessful. However, a minority of Kadets headed by Pyotr Struve supported a moderate version of Russification, which threatened to split the party. With the increase in popular discontent after the Lena massacre on 4 April 1912 and a continuous decline in party membership after 1906, the rift in the party became more pronounced. Kadet leaders on the left like Central Committee member Nikolai Vissarionovich Nekrasov argued that the Duma experience had been a failure and that "constructive work" was pointless under an autocratic government. Kadet leaders on the right like Central Committee members Vasily Maklakov, Mikhail Chelnokov, Nikolai Gredeskul and Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams argued for a shift to the right. The disagreements were temporarily put aside in July 1914 at the outbreak of World War I when the Kadets unconditionally supported the government and found an outlet for their energies in various kinds of relief work under the umbrella of the All-Russian Union of Zemstvos and the All-Russian Union of Cities.

Once the initial outburst of national unity feelings died down in mid-1915 as Russian retreat from Galicia showed the government's incompetence, the Kadets, together with the Progressive faction, the Octobrist faction and a part of the Nationalist faction in the Duma, formed the Progressive Bloc in August 1915 which was critical of the government's prosecution of the war and demanded a government of "popular confidence". As Russia's defeats in the war multiplied, the Kadets' opposition became more pronounced, culminating in Miliukov's speech in the Duma in October 1916 when he all but accused government ministers of treason.

1917 Revolution

During the February Revolution of 1917, Kadet deputies in the Duma and other prominent Kadets formed the core of the newly formed Russian Provisional Government with five portfolios. Although exercising limited power in a situation known as dual power, the Provisional Government immediately attempted to deal with issues of the many nationalities in the Russian Empire. They introduced legislation abolishing all limitations based on religion and nationality and introduced an element of self-determination by transferring power from governors-general to local representatives. They issued a decree recognising Polish autonomy, more as a symbolic gesture in light of the German occupation of this territory. However, this tendency was limited as most of the ministers feared a break up of the empire. One of the Kadet leaders, Prince Lvov, became Prime Minister and Miliukov became Russia's Foreign Minister. A radical party just 11 years earlier, after the February Revolution the Kadets occupied the rightmost end of the political spectrum since all monarchist parties had been dissolved and the Kadets were the only openly functioning non-socialist party remaining.

The Kadets' position in the Provisional Government was compromised when Miliukov's promise to the Entente allies to continue the war (18 April) was made public on 26 April. The resulting government crisis led to Miliukov's resignation and a power-sharing agreement with moderate socialist parties on 4–5 May. The Kadets' position was further eroded during the July crisis when they resigned from the government in protest against concessions to the Ukrainian independence movement. The coalition was reformed later in July under Alexander Kerensky and survived yet another government crisis in early September. Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg was Minister of Education and served briefly as chair of the short-lived Commission on Nationality Affairs. The Kadets had become a liability for their socialist coalition partners and an evidence of the treason of the moderated socialists, exposed by Bolshevik propaganda.  By the summer of 1917, many prominent Kadets were supporters of Lavr Kornilov during the Kornilov affair.<ref>Stephen Kotkin, Stalin (Vol. 1: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928), Penguin Books, 2014, p. 187.</ref>

With the Bolshevik seizure of power on 25–26 October and subsequent transfer of political power to the Soviets, Kadet and other anti-Bolshevik newspapers were closed down and the party was suppressed by the new regime because of its support for Kornilov and Kaledin.

 Russian Civil War and decline (1918–1940)
After the Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War, most of the Kadet leadership was forced to emigrate and continued publishing newspapers abroad ("Vozrojdénie") until World War II. However, Oldenburg negotiated a working relationship between the Russian Academy of Science and the Bolsheviks, signing an agreement that the Academy supported the Soviet State in February 1918.

 Refoundation
A party called Constitutional Democratic Party – Party of Popular Freedom was founded in the then-Russian SFSR in 1990 and based on the program of the historical Kadet party. However, the party soon drifted into hardline nationalist politics and joined the national-communist National Salvation Front and supported the Supreme Soviet against President Yeltsin.

 List of prominent Kadets
 Konstantin Balmont
 Nikolai Gredeskul
 Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev
 Vasily Klyuchevsky
 Alexander Alexandrovich Kornilov
 Solomon Krym
 Prince Georgy Lvov
 Vasily Maklakov
 Pavel Miliukov
 Sergey Muromtsev
 Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov
 Nikolai Vissarionovich Nekrasov
 Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg
 Moisei Yakovlevich Ostrogorsky
 Sofia Panina
 Igor Stravinsky
 Pyotr Struve
 Ariadna Tyrkova-Williams
 Vladimir Vernadsky
 Maxim Vinaver

 Electoral history
 State Duma

 See also
 Contributions to liberal theory
 Liberal democracy
 Liberalism by country
 Liberalism in Russia
 Liberalism
 List of liberal parties

 References

 Melissa Stockdale. "The Constitutional Democratic Party" in Russia Under the Last Tsar'', edited by Geifman, Anna, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1999, , pp. 164–169.

Russia 1905
Political parties established in 1905
Political parties of the Russian Revolution
Political parties in the Russian Empire
Political parties disestablished in 1917
Liberal parties in Russia
Social liberal parties
1905 establishments in the Russian Empire
1917 disestablishments in Russia
Anti-communist parties
Monarchist parties in Russia
Radical parties

Constitutional Democratic Party


La Carretera de Nebraska 84, y abreviada NE 84 (en inglés: Nebraska Highway 84) es una carretera estatal estadounidense ubicada en el estado de Nebraska. La carretera inicia en el Oeste desde la  en Verdigre hacia el Este en la  este de Hartington. La carretera tiene una longitud de 83 km (51.57 mi).

Mantenimiento
Al igual que las autopistas interestatales, y las rutas federales y el resto de carreteras estatales, la Carretera de Nebraska 84 es administrada y mantenida por el Departamento de Carreteras de Nebraska por sus siglas en inglés NDOR.

Cruces
La Carretera de Nebraska 84 es atravesada principalmente por la  este de Bloomfield oeste de Hartington.

Véase también

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Página oficial de NDOR

 Lista de Autopistas por estado
 Lista de sitios web de carreteras para cada estado

Carreteras estatales de Nebraska

Carretera de Nebraska 84


Lumea (cunsocut și ca: Arhipelagul Lumea, The World sau The World Islands; în arabă: جزر العالم; Juzur al-Ālam) este un arhipelag artificial construit în forma planeglobului, în Golful Persic, la o distanță de 4 kilometri (2,5 mile) de Dubai, Emiratele Arabe Unite.

Referințe

Legături externe

Nakheel.com: The World
Independent marine biologist, Professor Valencic's views on The World
"The Heart of Europe" website

Arhipelaguri în Oceanul Pacific
Lume

Lumea (arhipelag)


Hospitalsbørn er en dansk dokumentarfilm fra 2007, der er instrueret af Lars Bo Kimergård.

Handling
Denne film går tæt på fire voksne menneskers erindringer om at have været 'hospitalsbarn'. Else, Stine, Morten og Renate fortæller om indlæggelserne og de følelsesmæssige aspekter af oplevelserne. I erindringen mødes sorgen, følelsen af at blive ladt alene og rædslen for den hvide kittel hos den lille patient med barnets overlevelsesinstinkt, livskraft og tapperhed og bliver, i et enkelt og usminket filmsprog, til stærk indsigt i dramatiske og smertefulde øjeblikke, der havde afgørende betydning for de fire menneskers videre liv. Instruktøren er selv 'hospitalsbarn', men begyndte først som 40-årig at reflektere over hvilken betydning, det havde haft på udviklingen af hans personlighed.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2007

Hospitalsbørn


Vilim I. Oranski (Dillenburg, Njemačka, 24. travnja 1533. - Delft, Nizozemska, 10. srpnja 1584)., također poznat i kao Vilim šutljivi (nizozemski: Willem de Zwijger), bio je glavni vođa nizozemske pobune protiv španjolskih Habsburgovaca, što je dovelo do Nizozemske revolucije (Osamdesetogodišnji rat) i formalne nezavisnosti Ujedinjenih provincija (Beneluks) 1581.

Rođen je u plemićkoj dinastiji Nassau kao grof Nassau-Dillenburg. Postao je princ Oranski 1544., te je na taj način osnivač dinastije Orange-Nassau i predak monarhije Nizozemske. Bio je najveći veleposjednik u Nizozemskoj i protivnik španjolske vlasti. Godine 1576. postao je vođa Ujedinjenih provincija i dokazao se kao izvrstan general.

Ženio se četiri puta, svaki put nakon smrti prethodne žene.

Proglašen je odmetnikom od strane španjolskog kralja 1580., ubio ga je Balthasar Gérard u Delftu 1584.

Izvori

Životopisi, Nizozemska
Nizozemski monarsi
Nassauska dinastija

Vilim I. Oranski


The Finnish National Opera and Ballet (; ) is a Finnish opera company and ballet company based in Helsinki. It is headquartered in the Opera House on the coast of the Töölönlahti bay in Töölö, which opened in 1993, and is state-owned through Senate Properties. The Opera House features two auditoriums, the main auditorium with 1,350, seats and a smaller studio auditorium with 300–500 seats.

History
Regular opera performances began in Finland in 1873 with the founding of the  Finnish Opera by Kaarlo Bergbom. Prior to that, opera had been performed in Finland sporadically by touring companies, and on occasion by Finnish amateurs, the first such production being The Barber of Seville in 1849. However, the Finnish Opera company soon plunged into a financial crisis and folded in 1879. During its six years of operation, Bergbom's opera company had given 450 performances of a total of 26 operas, and the company had managed to demonstrate that opera can be sung in Finnish too. After the disbandment of the Finnish Opera, the opera audiences of Helsinki had to confine themselves to performances of visiting opera companies and occasional opera productions at the Finnish National Theatre.

The reincarnation of the Finnish opera institution took place about 30 years later. A group of notable social and cultural figures, led by the international star soprano Aino Ackté, founded the Domestic Opera in 1911. From the very beginning, the opera decided to engage both foreign and Finnish artists. A few years later the Domestic Opera was renamed the Finnish Opera in 1914. In 1956, the Finnish Opera was, in turn, taken over by the Foundation of the Finnish National Opera, and acquired its present name.

Between 1918 and 1993 the home of the opera was the Alexander Theater, which had been assigned to the company on a permanent basis. The home was inaugurated with an opening performance of Verdi's Aida. When the first dedicated opera house in Finland was finally completed and inaugurated in 1993, the old opera house was given back its original name, the Alexander Theater, after the Tsar Alexander II.

In 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the cancellation of many of its  planned productions, Finnish National Opera commissioned, created, and produced Covid fan tutte, a comic opera using music from Mozart's Cosi fan tutte, starring a Finnish cast and premiering in late August 2020 with social distancing restrictions. A filmed performance of the opera, with English and Finnish subtitles, is made available online worldwide through 30 March 2021.

Personnel
The Finnish National Opera has some 30 permanently engaged solo singers, a professional choir of 60 singers and its own orchestra of 120 members. The Ballet has 90 dancers from 17 countries. All together, the opera has a staff of 735.

Past music directors and chief conductors have included Armas Järnefelt (1932–36), Tauno Pylkkänen (1960–1967), Okko Kamu (1996–2000), Muhai Tang (2003–2006), and Mikko Franck (2006–2013). With the 2013–2014 season, the Finnish mezzo-soprano Lilli Paasikivi became artistic director of the company, and the German conductor Michael Güttler became principal conductor with the company.  The initial contracts for both Paasikivi and Güttler were for 3 years.  In August 2017, the company announced the appointment of Patrick Fournillier as its new principal guest conductor, effective with the 2017–2018 season.   In December 2018, the company announced the most recent extension of Paasikivi's contract through 2023.  In May 2019, the company announced the appointment of Hannu Lintu as its next chief conductor, effective from 1 January 2022 to 30 June 2026.

From 2008 to 2018, Kenneth Greve was artistic director of Finnish National Ballet.   In December 2017, the company announced the appointment of Madeleine Onne as the next artistic director of Finnish National Ballet, effective August 2018.

Productions
The Finnish National Opera stages four to six premieres a year, including a world premiere of at least one Finnish opera, such as Rasputin by Einojuhani Rautavaara. Some 20 different operas in 140 performances are found in the opera's schedule yearly. The Ballet arranges some 110 performances annually. The Finnish National Opera has some 250,000 visitors a year.

References

External links

 Official website of Finnish National Opera

Culture in Helsinki
Opera houses in Finland
Finnish music
Finnish opera companies
Modernist architecture in Finland
Buildings and structures in Helsinki
Tourist attractions in Helsinki
Töölö

Finnish National Opera and Ballet


الأبيض سيدي الشيخ، مدينة وبلدية تابعة إقليميا إلى دائرة الأبيض سيدي الشيخ ولاية البيض الجزائرية.

الموقع الجغرافي
يحد الأبيض سيدي الشيخ كل من:
 شمالا: أربوات
 جنوبا:البنود وولاية ادرار
 شرقا:بريزينة
 غربا: الشلالة و بوسمغون

التاريخ
الأبيض سيدي الشيخ، أهم وأقدم مدن الجنوب الغربي، تاريخ وحضارة. تعريف المدينة : مدينة الأبيض سيدي الشيخ، تأسست بعد وفاة الأب الروحي لأولاد سيدي الشيخ في بداية القرن العاشر، وهذا لا يعني أنها نشأت في هذا العهد فقط بل كانت قبل هذا تتوفر على مصلى وبئر أسسه سيدي سليمان بن بوسماحة حوالي منتصف القرن التاسع، بحيث أصبح كل من البئر والمصلى مقر لقاء تجار الجنوب وتجار الشمال للتبادل التجاري بين سكان أتوات وسكان مدن التل كتيارت التي كانت مشهورة بالفلاحة. كما بدأ بعض مواطني أتوات وغيرها من التمركز في السهل لممارسة الفلاحة، فنشأ أول قصر (قصر أولاد بودواية وأولاد سيد الحاج بن الشيخ) على الضفة الغربية من السهل.

وما أن مات سيدي الشيخ سنة 940 هـ 1616 م حتى أصبحت القصور تشيد على شكل حصون متوزعة على أربعة (القصر الغربي ـ قصر أولاد سيد الحاج بحوص ـ قصر الرحامنة وقصر أولاد سيد الحاج أحمد) وتمركز أولاد ومحبي ومجدوبي ومريدي الطريقة الشيخية بالأبيض سيدي الشيخ بها. ومن لم يستقر أصبح ملزما بالقدوم سنويا إلى الأبيض سيدي الشيخ لإقامة ركب سيدي الشيخ

وصلات أخرى

وصلات داخلية
 دائرة بريزينة
 ولاية البيض
 الزاوية الشيخية

وصلات خارجية
 إذاعة البيض الجهوية: الموقع الرسمي.
 الموقع الرسمي لولاية البيض.

المصادر

بلديات ولاية البيض

الأبيض سيدي الشيخ


الحصى أو الحصباء هي صخور فتاتية خشنة يتجاوز أقطار حبيباتها 2 مليمتر، مع حشوة تكون من الرمل أو الوحل.

تقسم صخور الحصى إلى قسمين أساسيين:
 صخور المدملكات: وتمتاز بحبيباتها المزواة. وهي أقل أنواع صخور الحصى شيوعاً. وغالباً ما توجد برفقة الفوالق وتدعى بالمدملكات التكتونية، وكذلك في ركام الأنهيارات الصخرية (screes) وتدعى (scree breccia).
 صخور الرواهص: وهي صخور الحصى ذات الحبيبات المستديرة. وتمثل أكثر أنواع الحصى شيوعاً.

انظر أيضًا
 هندسة جيوتقنية
 رصيفة (حجارة)

مراجع

حجارة البناء
حجارة
رصف
علم الرواسب
معونات البستنة
مواد بناء مأخوذة من التربة
مواد طبيعية

حصى


Atlantic Division este una dintre cele trei divizii din Conferința de Est a National Basketball Association (NBA). Divizia este formată din cinci echipe: Boston Celtics, Brooklyn Nets, New York Knicks, Philadelphia 76ers și Toronto Raptors. Toate echipele, cu excepția celei din Toronto, se află pe coasta de est a Statelor Unite. Cu toate acestea, echipele sportive din Toronto au dezvoltat rivalități cu echipe din nord-estul Statelor Unite (echipele din Toronto sunt în aceeași divizie cu echipe din Boston în Major League Baseball și National Hockey League, ultima din urmă incluzând și echipă din New York).

Divizia a fost creată la începutul sezonului 1970-1971, când liga s-a extins de la 14 la 17 echipe cu adăugarea echipelor Buffalo Braves, Cleveland Cavaliers și Portland Trail Blazers. Liga s-a reorganizat în două conferințe, Conferința de Vest și Conferința de Est, cu două divizii în fiecare conferință. Atlantic Division  a început cu patru echipe, Celtics, Braves, Knicks și 76ers. Celtics, Knicks și cei 76ers s-au alăturat din Eastern Division.

Celtics a câștigat cele mai multe titluri din Atlantic Division: 22. Nouă campioane ale NBA provin din Atlantic Division. Celtics au câștigat șase campionate, în timp ce Knicks, 76ers și Raptors au câștigat câte un campionat. Toate, cu excepția Knicks din 1972-73, erau campioane ale diviziei. În sezonul 1983-1984, toate cele cinci echipe din divizie s-au calificat pentru playoff. În sezonul 1982-1983, toate echipele din divizie au avut procente mai mari de 50% - câștigând în sezonul regulat mai multe meciuri decât au pierdut. Actuala campioană a diviziei este Toronto Raptors, cel de-al cincilea titlu.

Echipe

Notes
 semnifică o echipă care a venit din American Basketball Association (ABA) ca urmare a unei fuziuni.

Foste echipe

Notes
 semnifică echipă de expansiune

Campioanele diviziei

Note
 Din cauza unui blocaj, sezonul nu a început decât pe 5 februarie 1999, iar toate cele 29 de echipe au jucat un sezon regulat scurtat de 50 de meciuri.
 Din cauza unui blocaj, sezonul nu a început decât pe 25 decembrie 2011, iar toate cele 30 de echipe au jucat un sezon regulat scurtat de 66 de meciuri.
În urma atentatului din Boston, NBA a anulat jocul din 16 aprilie, programat în Boston, între Celtics și Pacers; jocul nu a fost reprogramat, deoarece nu ar fi avut niciun impact asupra locurilor ocupate în playoff de nici una dintre echipe.

Referințe

Divizii din NBA
Boston Celtics
Brooklyn Nets
Buffalo Braves
Charlotte Hornets
Miami Heat
New Jersey Nets
New York Nets
New York Knicks
Orlando Magic
Philadelphia 76ers
Toronto Raptors
Washington Bullets
Washington Wizards

Atlantic Division (NBA)