Myroslava Bartchouk, née le  à Kiev, est une journaliste et présentatrice de télévision ukrainienne.

Biographie
Myroslava Bartchouk est diplômée de l'école de journalisme de l'université nationale Taras-Chevtchenko de Kiev.

Carrière professionnelle
Au milieu des années 1990, elle travaille comme correspondante de  en Amérique du Nord et comme traductrice au Canada. De 1990 à 2000, elle est rédactrice et présentatrice des émissions du matin et de soirée pour la chaîne de télévision 1+1.

De 2001 à 2005, Myroslava Bartchouk est la rédactrice en chef du magazine . Elle contribue également à de nombreux articles pour ce média. De 2005 à 2012, elle est la rédactrice et présentatrice de l'émission Nouvelle Heure sur la chaîne .

À partir de 2013, elle rejoint la chaîne de télévision TVi, en tant que rédactrice et présentatrice de l'émission Homo Sapiens. En 2016, elle devient la présentatrice de l'émission d'information et d'analyse Soirée avec Myroslava Bartchouk diffusée sur TV Channel Espresso. Elle est ensuite l'animatrice  du talk-show socio-politique Compte à rebours sur la chaîne de télévision UA:First.

Myroslava Bartchouk est membre de PEN Ukraine.

Engagements
En octobre 2021, Myroslava Bartchouk dénonce publiquement sur le réseau social Facebook, les pressions exercées sur les rédacteurs du programme Compte à rebours de la part du bureau du président Volodymyr Zelensky.

En décembre de la même année, dans le cadre du programme , elle devient avec d'autres écrivains et journalistes ukrainiens de renom, les ambassadeurs de treize prisonniers politiques ukrainiens et tatars de Crimée emprisonnés en fédération de Russie et en Crimée occupée.

Distinctions
En 2021, Myroslava Bartchouk reçoit le prix annuel Guéorgui-Gongadzé, qui soutient les meilleurs journalistes indépendants d'Ukraine.

Notes et références

Femme de lettres ukrainienne
Journaliste ukrainienne
Naissance à Kiev
Naissance en juillet 1968
Étudiant de l'université nationale Taras-Chevtchenko de Kiev

Myroslava Bartchouk


In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered.

Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin. More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that had a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology. After sequencing of the human genome allowed rapid cloning and synthesis of large quantities of purified proteins, it has become common practice to use high throughput screening of large compounds libraries against isolated biological targets which are hypothesized to be disease-modifying in a process known as reverse pharmacology. Hits from these screens are then tested in cells and then in animals for efficacy.

Modern drug discovery involves the identification of screening hits, medicinal chemistry and optimization of those hits to increase the affinity, selectivity (to reduce the potential of side effects), efficacy/potency, metabolic stability (to increase the half-life), and oral bioavailability. Once a compound that fulfills all of these requirements has been identified, the process of drug development can continue. If successful, clinical trials are developed.

Modern drug discovery is thus usually a capital-intensive process that involves large investments by pharmaceutical industry corporations as well as national governments (who provide grants and loan guarantees). Despite advances in technology and understanding of biological systems, drug discovery is still a lengthy, "expensive, difficult, and inefficient process" with low rate of new therapeutic discovery. In 2010, the research and development cost of each new molecular entity was about US$1.8 billion. In the 21st century, basic discovery research is funded primarily by governments and by philanthropic organizations, while late-stage development is funded primarily by pharmaceutical companies or venture capitalists. To be allowed to come to market, drugs must undergo several successful phases of clinical trials, and pass through a new drug approval process, called the New Drug Application in the United States.

Discovering drugs that may be a commercial success, or a public health success, involves a complex interaction between investors, industry, academia, patent laws, regulatory exclusivity, marketing and the need to balance secrecy with communication. Meanwhile, for disorders whose rarity means that no large commercial success or public health effect can be expected, the orphan drug funding process ensures that people who experience those disorders can have some hope of pharmacotherapeutic advances.

History

The idea that the effect of a drug in the human body is mediated by specific interactions of the drug molecule with biological macromolecules, (proteins or nucleic acids in most cases) led scientists to the conclusion that individual chemicals are required for the biological activity of the drug. This made for the beginning of the modern era in pharmacology, as pure chemicals, instead of crude extracts of medicinal plants, became the standard drugs. Examples of drug compounds isolated from crude preparations are morphine, the active agent in opium, and digoxin, a heart stimulant originating from Digitalis lanata. Organic chemistry also led to the synthesis of many of the natural products isolated from biological sources.

Historically, substances, whether crude extracts or purified chemicals, were screened for biological activity without knowledge of the biological target. Only after an active substance was identified was an effort made to identify the target. This approach is known as classical pharmacology, forward pharmacology, or phenotypic drug discovery.

Later, small molecules were synthesized to specifically target a known physiological/pathological pathway, avoiding the mass screening of banks of stored compounds. This led to great success, such as the work of Gertrude Elion and George H. Hitchings on purine metabolism, the work of James Black on beta blockers and cimetidine, and the discovery of statins by Akira Endo. Another champion of the approach of developing chemical analogues of known active substances was Sir David Jack at Allen and Hanbury's, later Glaxo, who pioneered the first inhaled selective beta2-adrenergic agonist for asthma, the first inhaled steroid for asthma, ranitidine as a successor to cimetidine, and supported the development of the triptans.

Gertrude Elion, working mostly with a group of fewer than 50 people on purine analogues, contributed to the discovery of the first anti-viral; the first immunosuppressant (azathioprine) that allowed human organ transplantation; the first drug to induce remission of childhood leukemia; pivotal anti-cancer treatments; an anti-malarial; an anti-bacterial; and a treatment for gout.

Cloning of human proteins made possible the screening of large libraries of compounds against specific targets thought to be linked to specific diseases. This approach is known as reverse pharmacology and is the most frequently used approach today.

In the 2020s, qubit and quantum computing started to be used to reduce the time needed to drug discovery.

Targets

A "target" is produced within the pharmaceutical industry. Generally, the "target" is the naturally existing cellular or molecular structure involved in the pathology of interest where the drug-in-development is meant to act. However, the distinction between a "new" and "established" target can be made without a full understanding of just what a "target" is. This distinction is typically made by pharmaceutical companies engaged in the discovery and development of therapeutics. In an estimate from 2011, 435 human genome products were identified as therapeutic drug targets of FDA-approved drugs.

"Established targets" are those for which there is a good scientific understanding, supported by a lengthy publication history, of both how the target functions in normal physiology and how it is involved in human pathology. This does not imply that the mechanism of action of drugs that are thought to act through a particular established target is fully understood. Rather, "established" relates directly to the amount of background information available on a target, in particular functional information.  In general, "new targets" are all those targets that are not "established targets" but which have been or are the subject of drug discovery efforts. The majority of targets selected for drug discovery efforts are proteins, such as G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and protein kinases.

Screening and design

The process of finding a new drug against a chosen target for a particular disease usually involves high-throughput screening (HTS), wherein large libraries of chemicals are tested for their ability to modify the target. For example, if the target is a novel GPCR, compounds will be screened for their ability to inhibit or stimulate that receptor (see antagonist and agonist): if the target is a protein kinase, the chemicals will be tested for their ability to inhibit that kinase.

Another function of HTS is to show how selective the compounds are for the chosen target, as one wants to find a molecule which will interfere with only the chosen target, but not other, related targets. To this end, other screening runs will be made to see whether the "hits" against the chosen target will interfere with other related targets – this is the process of cross-screening. Cross-screening is useful because the more unrelated targets a compound hits, the more likely that off-target toxicity will occur with that compound once it reaches the clinic.

It is unlikely that a perfect drug candidate will emerge from these early screening runs. One of the first steps is to screen for compounds that are unlikely to be developed into drugs; for example compounds that are hits in almost every assay, classified by medicinal chemists as "pan-assay interference compounds", are removed at this stage, if they were not already removed from the chemical library. It is often observed that several compounds are found to have some degree of activity, and if these compounds share common chemical features, one or more pharmacophores can then be developed. At this point, medicinal chemists will attempt to use structure–activity relationships (SAR) to improve certain features of the lead compound:

 increase activity against the chosen target
 reduce activity against unrelated targets
 improve the druglikeness or ADME properties of the molecule.

This process will require several iterative screening runs, during which, it is hoped, the properties of the new molecular entities will improve, and allow the favoured compounds to go forward to in vitro and in vivo testing for activity in the disease model of choice.

Amongst the physicochemical properties associated with drug absorption include ionization (pKa), and solubility; permeability can be determined by PAMPA and Caco-2. PAMPA is attractive as an early screen due to the low consumption of drug and the low cost compared to tests such as Caco-2, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and Blood–brain barrier (BBB) with which there is a high correlation.

A range of parameters can be used to assess the quality of a compound, or a series of compounds, as proposed in the Lipinski's Rule of Five. Such parameters include calculated properties such as cLogP to estimate lipophilicity, molecular weight, polar surface area and measured properties, such as potency, in-vitro measurement of enzymatic clearance etc. Some descriptors such as ligand efficiency (LE) and lipophilic efficiency (LiPE) combine such parameters to assess druglikeness.

While HTS is a commonly used method for novel drug discovery, it is not the only method. It is often possible to start from a molecule which already has some of the desired properties. Such a molecule might be extracted from a natural product or even be a drug on the market which could be improved upon (so-called "me too" drugs). Other methods, such as virtual high throughput screening, where screening is done using computer-generated models and attempting to "dock" virtual libraries to a target, are also often used.

Another method for drug discovery is de novo drug design, in which a prediction is made of the sorts of chemicals that might (e.g.) fit into an active site of the target enzyme. For example, virtual screening and computer-aided drug design are often used to identify new chemical moieties that may interact with a target protein. Molecular modelling and molecular dynamics simulations can be used as a guide to improve the potency and properties of new drug leads.

There is also a paradigm shift in the drug discovery community to shift away from HTS, which is expensive and may only cover limited chemical space, to the screening of smaller libraries (maximum a few thousand compounds). These include fragment-based lead discovery (FBDD) and protein-directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry. The ligands in these approaches are usually much smaller, and they bind to the target protein with weaker binding affinity than hits that are identified from HTS. Further modifications through organic synthesis into lead compounds are often required. Such modifications are often guided by protein X-ray crystallography of the protein-fragment complex. The advantages of these approaches are that they allow more efficient screening and the compound library, although small, typically covers a large chemical space when compared to HTS.

Phenotypic screens have also provided new chemical starting points in drug discovery.  A variety of models have been used including yeast, zebrafish, worms, immortalized cell lines, primary cell lines, patient-derived cell lines and whole animal models. These screens are designed to find compounds which reverse a disease phenotype such as death, protein aggregation, mutant protein expression, or cell proliferation as examples in a more holistic cell model or organism. Smaller screening sets are often used for these screens, especially when the models are expensive or time-consuming to run.  In many cases, the exact mechanism of action of hits from these screens is unknown and may require extensive target deconvolution experiments to ascertain. The growth of the field of chemoproteomics has provided numerous strategies to identify drug targets in these cases.

Once a lead compound series has been established with sufficient target potency and selectivity and favourable drug-like properties, one or two compounds will then be proposed for drug development. The best of these is generally called the lead compound, while the other will be designated as the "backup". These decisions are generally supported by computational modelling innovations.

Nature as source

Traditionally, many drugs and other chemicals with biological activity have been discovered by studying chemicals that organisms create to affect the activity of other organisms for survival.

Despite the rise of combinatorial chemistry as an integral part of lead discovery process, natural products still play a major role as starting material for drug discovery. A 2007 report found that of the 974 small molecule new chemical entities developed between 1981 and 2006, 63% were natural derived or semisynthetic derivatives of natural products. For certain therapy areas, such as antimicrobials, antineoplastics, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory drugs, the numbers were higher.

Natural products may be useful as a source of novel chemical structures for modern techniques of development of antibacterial therapies.

Plant-derived

Many secondary metabolites produced by plants have potential therapeutic medicinal properties. These secondary metabolites contain, bind to, and modify the function of proteins (receptors, enzymes, etc.). Consequently, plant derived natural products have often been used as the starting point for drug discovery.

History

Until the Renaissance, the vast majority of drugs in Western medicine were plant-derived extracts. This has resulted in a pool of information about the potential of plant species as important sources of starting materials for drug discovery. Botanical knowledge about different metabolites and hormones that are produced in different anatomical parts of the plant (e.g. roots, leaves, and flowers) are crucial for correctly identifying bioactive and pharmacological plant properties. Identifying new drugs and getting them approved for market has proved to be a stringent process due to regulations set by national drug regulatory agencies.

Jasmonates
 Jasmonates are important in responses to injury and intracellular signals. They induce apoptosis and protein cascade via proteinase inhibitor, have defense functions, and regulate plant responses to different biotic and abiotic stresses. Jasmonates also have the ability to directly act on mitochondrial membranes by inducing membrane depolarization via release of metabolites.

Jasmonate derivatives (JAD) are also important in wound response and tissue regeneration in plant cells. They have also been identified to have anti-aging effects on human epidermal layer. It is suspected that they interact with proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharides, which are essential extracellular matrix (ECM) components to help remodel the ECM. The discovery of JADs on skin repair has introduced newfound interest in the effects of these plant hormones in therapeutic medicinal application.

Salicylates

Salicylic acid (SA), a phytohormone, was initially derived from willow bark and has since been identified in many species. It is an important player in plant immunity, although its role is still not fully understood by scientists. They are involved in disease and immunity responses in plant and animal tissues. They have salicylic acid binding proteins (SABPs) that have shown to affect multiple animal tissues. The first discovered medicinal properties of the isolated compound was involved in pain and fever management. They also play an active role in the suppression of cell proliferation. They have the ability to induce death in lymphoblastic leukemia and other human cancer cells. One of the most common drugs derived from salicylates is aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid, with anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties.

Animal-derived
Some drugs used in modern medicine have been discovered in animals or are based on compounds found in animals. For example, the anticoagulant drugs, hirudin and its synthetic congener, bivalirudin, are based on saliva chemistry of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Used to treat type 2 diabetes, exenatide was developed from saliva compounds of the Gila monster, a venomous lizard.

Microbial metabolites

Microbes compete for living space and nutrients. To survive in these conditions, many microbes have developed abilities to prevent competing species from proliferating. Microbes are the main source of antimicrobial drugs. Streptomyces isolates have been such a valuable source of antibiotics, that they have been called medicinal molds. The classic example of an antibiotic discovered as a defense mechanism against another microbe is penicillin in bacterial cultures contaminated by Penicillium fungi in 1928.

Marine invertebrates

Marine environments are potential sources for new bioactive agents. Arabinose nucleosides discovered from marine invertebrates in 1950s, demonstrated for the first time that sugar moieties other than ribose and deoxyribose can yield bioactive nucleoside structures. It took until 2004 when the first marine-derived drug was approved.  For example, the cone snail toxin ziconotide, also known as Prialt treats severe neuropathic pain. Several other marine-derived agents are now in clinical trials for indications such as cancer, anti-inflammatory use and pain. One class of these agents are bryostatin-like compounds, under investigation as anti-cancer therapy.

Chemical diversity
As above mentioned, combinatorial chemistry was a key technology enabling the efficient generation of large screening libraries for the needs of high-throughput screening. However, now, after two decades of combinatorial chemistry, it has been pointed out that despite the increased efficiency in chemical synthesis, no increase in lead or drug candidates has been reached. This has led to analysis of chemical characteristics of combinatorial chemistry products, compared to existing drugs or natural products. The chemoinformatics concept chemical diversity, depicted as distribution of compounds in the chemical space based on their physicochemical characteristics, is often used to describe the difference between the combinatorial chemistry libraries and natural products. The synthetic, combinatorial library compounds seem to cover only a limited and quite uniform chemical space, whereas existing drugs and particularly natural products, exhibit much greater chemical diversity, distributing more evenly to the chemical space. The most prominent differences between natural products and compounds in combinatorial chemistry libraries is the number of chiral centers (much higher in natural compounds), structure rigidity (higher in natural compounds) and number of aromatic moieties (higher in combinatorial chemistry libraries). Other chemical differences between these two groups include the nature of heteroatoms (O and N enriched in natural products, and S and halogen atoms more often present in synthetic compounds), as well as level of non-aromatic unsaturation (higher in natural products). As both structure rigidity and chirality are well-established factors in medicinal chemistry known to enhance compounds specificity and efficacy as a drug, it has been suggested that natural products compare favourably to today's combinatorial chemistry libraries as potential lead molecules.

Screening
Two main approaches exist for the finding of new bioactive chemical entities from natural sources.

The first is sometimes referred to as random collection and screening of material, but the collection is far from random. Biological (often botanical) knowledge is often used to identify families that show promise.  This approach is effective because only a small part of the earth's biodiversity has ever been tested for pharmaceutical activity.  Also, organisms living in a species-rich environment need to evolve defensive and competitive mechanisms to survive.  Those mechanisms might be exploited in the development of beneficial drugs.

A collection of plant, animal and microbial samples from rich ecosystems can potentially give rise to novel biological activities worth exploiting in the drug development process. One example of successful use of this strategy is the screening for antitumor agents by the National Cancer Institute, which started in the 1960s. Paclitaxel was identified from Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia. Paclitaxel showed anti-tumour activity by a previously undescribed mechanism (stabilization of microtubules) and is now approved for clinical use for the treatment of lung, breast, and ovarian cancer, as well as for Kaposi's sarcoma. Early in the 21st century, Cabazitaxel (made by Sanofi, a French firm), another relative of taxol has been shown effective against prostate cancer, also because it works by preventing the formation of microtubules, which pull the chromosomes apart in dividing cells (such as cancer cells). Other examples are:  1. Camptotheca (Camptothecin · Topotecan · Irinotecan · Rubitecan · Belotecan); 2. Podophyllum (Etoposide · Teniposide); 3a. Anthracyclines (Aclarubicin · Daunorubicin · Doxorubicin · Epirubicin · Idarubicin · Amrubicin · Pirarubicin · Valrubicin · Zorubicin); 3b. Anthracenediones (Mitoxantrone · Pixantrone).

The second main approach involves ethnobotany, the study of the general use of plants in society, and ethnopharmacology, an area inside ethnobotany, which is focused specifically on medicinal uses.

Artemisinin, an antimalarial agent from sweet wormtree Artemisia annua, used in Chinese medicine since 200BC is one drug used as part of combination therapy for multiresistant Plasmodium falciparum.

Additionally, since machine learning has become more advanced, virtual screening is now an option for drug developers. AI algorithms are being used to perform virtual screening of chemical compounds, which involves predicting the activity of a compound against a specific target. By using machine learning algorithms to analyse large amounts of chemical data, researchers can identify potential new drug candidates that are more likely to be effective against a specific disease. Algorithms, such as Nearest-Neighbour classifiers, RF, extreme learning machines, SVMs, and deep neural networks (DNNs), are used for VS based on synthesis feasibility and can also predict in vivo activity and toxicity.

Structural elucidation
The elucidation of the chemical structure is critical to avoid the re-discovery of a chemical agent that is already known for its structure and chemical activity. Mass spectrometry is a method in which individual compounds are identified based on their mass/charge ratio, after ionization. Chemical compounds exist in nature as mixtures, so the combination of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is often used to separate the individual chemicals. Databases of mass spectra for known compounds are available and can be used to assign a structure to an unknown mass spectrum. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is the primary technique for determining chemical structures of natural products. NMR yields information about individual hydrogen and carbon atoms in the structure, allowing detailed reconstruction of the molecule's architecture.

New Drug Application
When a drug is developed with evidence throughout its history of research to show it is safe and effective for the intended use in the United States, the company can file an application – the New Drug Application (NDA) – to have the drug commercialized and available for clinical application. NDA status enables the FDA to examine all submitted data on the drug to reach a decision on whether to approve or not approve the drug candidate based on its safety, specificity of effect, and efficacy of doses.

See also

References

Further reading

External links

Clinical pharmacology
Pharmaceutics
Pharmacognosy

Drug discovery


Kepler-16 es una estrella binaria situada en la constelación de Cygnus. Fue localizada por el telescopio Kepler. El sistema, que dista de la Tierra unos 200 años-luz, consta de una enana naranja, Kepler-16A (de tipo espectral K y con una masa aproximadamente igual al 70% de la masa del Sol) y una enana roja, Kepler-16B (de tipo espectral M, y con una masa de 0.2 soles). Ambas componentes están separadas una distancia de 0.22 UA, y completan la órbita en torno al centro de masas cada 41 días.

Recientemente se descubrió un planeta extrasolar orbitando a este sistema estelar binario: tiene un tamaño muy parecido al de Saturno, y se le denominó Kepler-16b.

Sistema planetario

Kepler-16b es un gigante gaseoso que orbita a las dos estrellas del sistema Kepler-16. El planeta tiene un tercio de la masa de Júpiter y es algo más pequeño que Saturno (tiene un 75% del tamaño de ese planeta), pero más denso. Kepler-16b completa una órbita cuasi-circular cada 228.776 días.

Referencias

Otras lecturas

 Spin-Orbit Alignment for the Circumbinary Planet Host Kepler-16A , Joshua N. Winn et al. 2011

Constelación de Cygnus
Estrellas binarias

Kepler-16


SEHA Gazprom League 2018./19. je osmo izdanje regionalne rukometne SEHA lige. Sudjeluje deset klubova iz sedam država: Bjelorusije, Hrvatske, Sjeverne Makedonije, Slovačke, Bosne i Hercegovine, Srbije i Rumunjske.

Klub RK Vardar Skoplje obranio je naslov prvaka SEHA lige.

Sudionici

Rezultatska križaljka

Posljednje ažuriranje: kraj natjecanja - 31. ožujka 2019.

Ljestvica
Prva četiri kluba s najviše bodova prolaze na završni turnir četiri najbolje ekipe sezone.

Posljednje ažuriranje: kraj natjecanja - 31. ožujka 2019.

Završni turnir
Final four turnir igrat će četiri najbolje plasirane momčadi u prvom dijelu natjecanja,

Polufinala

Utakmica za 3. mjesto

Finale

Vanjske poveznice

 Službena stranica SEHA lige

Izvori

2018-19

SEHA liga 2018./19.


Die Peninsula Developmental Road ist eine Fernverkehrsstraße im tropischen Norden von Queensland, Australien. Sie verläuft in Süd-Nord-Richtung und hat eine Länge von 685 Kilometern. Sie ist die einzige Straßenverbindung auf die Kap-York-Halbinsel. Auf ihrer gesamten Länge ist sie unbefestigt.

Verlauf
Die Peninsula Developmental Road zweigt in Lakeland vom Mulligan Highway (S81) nach Nordwesten ab.

Sie führt am Südwestrand des Lakefield-Nationalparks entlang und folgt dann in ca. 50–60 Kilometer Abstand der Ostküste der Halbinsel. Nördlich des Mungkan-Kandju-Nationalparks führt nach Norden die Telegraph Road weiter Richtung Kap York. Die Peninsula Developmental Road biegt Richtung Westküste ab, die sie in Weipa, zugleich der größten Siedlung an dieser Straße, erreicht. Von dort aus führt sie weitere 86 Kilometer nach Norden und findet am Culleen Point, einem Kap am Port Musgrave, ihr Ende.

Der höchste Punkt im Verlauf des Highways liegt auf 546 m, der niedrigste auf 21 m.

Von der Peninsula Developmental Road zweigen viele Stichstraßen zu Schafzuchtstationen ab.

Literatur
Steve Parish: Australian Touring Atlas. Steve Parish Publishing. Archerfield QLD 2007. ISBN 978-1-74193-232-4. S. 13 + 15

Einzelnachweise

Straße in Queensland
Straße in Australien und Ozeanien

Peninsula Developmental Road


Kate Alexandra Lundy, née le   à Sydney, est une femme politique australienne.

À l'âge de vingt ans, en 1987 elle adhéra au Parti travailliste, où elle fut élue déléguée au Conseil de la branche du Parti travailliste australien (ACT) et déléguée à la Conférence de la branche du Parti travailliste australien (ACT) à partir de 1988.

Premières responsabilités

Kate Lundy a quitté l'école sans avoir terminé sa  année pour aller travailler sur un chantier de construction sans ne rien dire à ses parents. Là, elle fut élue déléguée syndicale et débuta, ainsi un mandat syndicaliste au sein du Syndicat industriel des ouvriers du bâtiment.

Entrée au gouvernement
En 1996, agée de 28 ans, Lundy devint la plus jeune femme du Parti travailliste australien à être élue au parlement fédéral, dans le collège des collège des sénateurs du Territoire de la capitale australienne .

Service parlementaire
Au Sénat elle a remplacé Bob McMullan  quand il fut nommé à la chambre basse lors de ces élections. Elle y fut élue au titre du Territoire de la capitale australienne en 1996, et réélue en 1998, 2001, 2004, 2007, 2010 et 2013, elle fut sénatrice chargée de trois ministères; ministre déléguée aux Affaires multiculturelles, délégué à l'Innovation et à l'Industrie et délégué à l'économie numérique . Le , elle présenta sa démission.

Nominations parlementaires
Membre du Conseil consultatif des archives australiennes du  au . Le  Kate Lundy élue a été nommé secrétaire parlementaire pour l'Immigration et la Citoyenneté ainsi que secrétaire parlementaire du Premier ministre et du Cabinet dans le cadre du deuxième ministère Gillard d'origine. Lors d'un remaniement ultérieur en , Lundy a été nommée ministre des Sports à la suite du départ à la retraite du sénateur Mark Arbib , et elle a également été nommée ministre des Affaires multiculturelles et ministre assistant le ministre de l'Industrie et de l'Innovation. Le , dans le cadre du deuxième ministère Rudd, Lundy a conservé le portefeuille des affaires multiculturelles et a obtenu le portefeuille de ministre chargé de l'économie numérique. Don Farrell a été nommé ministre des Sports

Détail des mandats et fonctions politiques
Secrétaire parlementaire du Premier ministre du  au .
Secrétaire parlementaire à l'Immigration et à la Citoyenneté du  au .
Secrétaire parlementaire à l'Immigration et aux Affaires multiculturelles du  au .
Ministre des Sports du  au .
Ministre des Affaires multiculturelles du  au .
Ministre délégué à l'Industrie et à l'Innovation du  au .
Ministre délégué à l'économie numérique du  au .

Fin des activités politiques
Le , Lundy a annoncé qu'elle ne se représenterait pas aux élections fédérales de 2016. Elle a démissionné du Sénat le , et le lendemain, Katy Gallagher, la sixième Ministre en chef (Chief Minister) travailliste du Territoire de la capitale australienne (ACT) fut  nommée pour la remplacer.

Récompenses
Kate Lundy a été très active sur la question de la régulation d'Internet, en s'opposant à la fois à la politique du gouvernement de Howard et à celle de son propre parti dans ce domaine. Elle a été très active sur la question de la réglementation d'Internet, s'opposant à la fois à la politique du gouvernement John Howard et à celle de son propre parti dans ce domaine.

En 2010, elle a remporté le Top 10 international des acteurs du changement dans le monde d'Internet et de la politique lors du  Forum mondial de la démocratie électronique qui s'est tenu à Paris, en France.

Kate Lundy est marraine  du Canberra Rowing Club et également de la  Fondation Pearcey, une organisation australienne dédiée à rehausser le profil de l'industrie australienne des technologies de l'information et des télécommunications. La fondation a été créée en 1998 et porte le nom de Trevor Pearcey , un ingénieur australien qui a dirigé l'équipe qui a créé CSIRAC , le premier ordinateur numérique d'Australie et l'un des premiers au monde.

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste de dirigeantes politiques
 Liste des femmes ministres en Océanie

Liens externes

  Former Senateur Kate Lundy - Parlement d' Australie

  Kate Lundy, Senate Biography
  Summary of parliamentary voting for Senator Kate Lundy on TheyVoteForYou.org.au

Personnalité politique du Territoire de la capitale australienne
Sénateur australien
Naissance en décembre 1967
Naissance dans le Territoire de la capitale australienne
Ministre australienne
Ministre australien des Sports

Kate Lundy


Viktor Schauberger (30 June 1885 – 25 September 1958) was an Austrian forest caretaker, naturalist, philosopher, inventor and pseudoscientist.

Early life

Schauberger was born in Holzschlag, Upper Austria on 30 June 1885. His parents were Leopold Schauberger and Josefa, née Klimitsch. From 1891 to 1897 he attended the elementary school in Aigen, then until 1900 the state grammar school in Linz. Until 1904 he went to the forestry school in Aggsbach in the Kartause Aggsbach, where he passed the exam as a forester. From 1904 to 1906 he was forest clerk in Groß-Schweinbarth in Lower Austria.

Films

 In 1930, "Tragendes Wasser" was filmed, showing the functioning of the log flumes.
 Nature Was My Teacher, narrated by Tom Brown (1993, Borderland Science Research Foundation)
 Sacred Living Geometry: The Enlightened Environmental Theories of Viktor Schauberger, narrated by Callum Coats (1995, Talkstudio)
 Extraordinary Nature of Water, narrated by Callum Coats (2000, Filmstream)
 Viktor Schauberger: Comprehend and Copy Nature, directed by Franz Fitzke (2007, Schauberger Verlag)

Books

 Schauberger, Viktor: Unsere sinnlose Arbeit – Die Quelle der Weltkrise, Der Aufbau durch Atomverwandlung, nicht Atomzertrümmerung (1933, Krystall-Verlag GmbH, 2001, Jörg Schauberger, ) (Released in English as "Our Senseless Toil – The Cause of the World Crisis – Progress Through Transformation of the Atom – Not its destruction!")
 Schauberger, Viktor & Coats, Callum: Eco-Technology 1: The Water Wizard – The Extraordinary Properties of Natural Water (1998, Gateway Books, )
 Schauberger, Viktor & Coats, Callum: Eco-Technology 2: Nature as Teacher – New Principles in the Working of Nature (1999, Gateway Books, )
 Schauberger, Viktor & Coats, Callum: Eco-Technology 3: The Fertile Earth – Nature's Energies in Agriculture, Soil Fertilisation and Forestry (1999, Gateway Books, )
 Schauberger, Viktor & Coats, Callum: Eco-Technology 4: Energy Evolution – Harnessing Free Energy from Nature (2000, Gateway Books, )

References

Further reading

 Andersson, Olof: Living Water: Viktor Schauberger and the Secrets of Natural Energy (2002, Gateway Books, )
 Bartholomew, Alick: Hidden Nature: The Startling Insights of Viktor Schauberger (2004, Floris Books, )
 Coats, Callum: Living Energies: An Exposition of Concepts Related to the Theories of Viktor Schauberger (1996, 2001, Gateway Books, , )
 Cobbald, Jane: Viktor Schauberger: A Life of Learning from Nature (2006, Floris Books, )

External links

 The Schauberger Family Trust (PKS) maintains an archive with many of Viktor Schauberger's original manuscripts and a small museum with models and prototypes by Viktor Schauberger
 Institute of Ecological Technology has a research programme on Viktor Schauberger's ideas and inventions
 Our Senseless Toil - an excerpt of Schauberger's own writing
 "Die Natur Kapieren und Kopieren" ( Comprehend and Copy Nature, dubbed in English ) Viktor Schauberger documentary film (2008) on Science | Documentaries by wocomoDOCS YouTube channel
 Viktor Schauberger – Die Natur kapieren und kopieren (German language DVD), Gestaltung: Franz Fitzke, 75 min., Schauberger Verlag, 2008, .
 "Nature Was My Teacher" The Vision Of Viktor Schauberger a documentary by Tom Brown (1991) ; on sound recordist David Brown's YouTube channel

1885 births
1958 deaths
Austrian naturalists
Austrian foresters
Austrian biologists
20th-century Austrian philosophers
Austrian inventors
Bionics
People from Rohrbach District
Criticism of science
Fringe science
20th-century biologists
20th-century naturalists

Viktor Schauberger


Straße 61 steht für:

 Cesta I. triedy 61, Straße in der Slowakei
 Djúpvegur, Straße in Island

Straße 61


الغنادرة هي جماعة قروية مغربية غرب المغرب. تنتمي الغنادرة لإقليم سيدي بنور. تضم هذه القرية 32.091 نسمة (إحصاء 2004). وتقع بقربها عدة قرى صغيرة من بينها قرية بن حمدون.

مصادر

أماكن مأهولة في إقليم سيدي بنور
جماعات قروية في المغرب
جماعات قروية في إقليم سيدي بنور
جماعات قروية في جهة الدار البيضاء سطات

الغنادرة


Supaporn Malisorn est une actrice thaïlandaise qui a remporté le titre de  en

Biographie
Orpheline, elle a étudié à l'université Ramkhamhaeng

Miss Grand Thaïlande en 2016 (où elle gagna un million de dollars en espèces, une maison, une voiture neuve et une bourse d'études pour obtenir une maîtrise à l'), elle participa à Miss Grand International 2016 où elle fut seconde dauphine

Elle a entretenu une liaison avec .

Filmographie sélective

Références

Liens externes

Naissance en octobre 1993
Naissance dans la province de Prachinburi
Participante à un concours de beauté
Gagnante d'un concours de beauté
Actrice thaïlandaise de télévision
Étudiant de l'université Ramkhamhaeng

Supaporn Malisorn


(24194) Paľuš, denumire internațională (24194) Palus, este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi.

Descriere
24194 Paľuš este un asteroid din centura principală de asteroizi. A fost descoperit pe  la Modra de Adrián Galád și Dušan Kalmančok. Asteroidul prezintă o orbită caracterizată de o semiaxă mare de 3,18 ua, o excentricitate de 0,17 și o înclinație de 6,0° în raport cu ecliptica.

Vezi și
 Lista planetelor minore: 24001-25000
 Centura de asteroizi

Referințe

Obiecte astronomice descoperite în 1999
Centura de asteroizi

24194 Paľuš


Rysäkari ou Ryssänkari est une île du golfe de Finlande de Kallahti à Helsinki en Finlande.

Géographie
Rysäkari est un bastion historique et une île militaire en face de la ville d'Helsinki, à cinq kilomètres au sud-ouest de Lauttasaari.

Rysäkari est restée interdite d'accès pendant près de cent ans.
Elle a une superficie de 9,65 hectares et mesure 400 mètres de long.

Histoire
L'île abrite un ensemble de forts du Krepost Sveaborg  de la première Guerre mondiale.
Il y avait autrefois une caserne, une maison d'officier, un bâtiment de cantine et de cuisine, des dépendances et des entrepôts.
Ce qui en reste est une maison d'officier, une maison militaire, une boulangerie et un bâtiment d'équipage, et divers entrepôts.

Les bâtiments les plus anciens de l'île datent des années 1910.
Les anciens bâtiments les mieux conservés sont la maison des officiers et la maison militaire.
Le rocher a une tour de contrôle de tir en béton, la tour dite Rikama.
Au sud se trouve une prairie côtière classée réserve naturelle.

Références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Articles connexes
 Krepost Sveaborg
 Archipel d'Helsinki

Liens externes
  Rysäkarin Linnake Oy

Île du golfe de Finlande
Île d'Helsinki
Fort en Finlande
Marine finlandaise
Bâtiment à Helsinki

Rysäkari


Glempang este un sat din Indonezia. Are o populație de  locuitori.

Note

Localități din Indonezia

Glempang


Clarissa Müller (Rio de Janeiro, 12 de novembro de 1999) mais conhecida apenas como Clarissa, é uma atriz, cantora e compositora brasileira. Em 2022, foi indicada ao Grammy Latino de Melhor Artista Revelação.

Carreira
Depois que Clarissa terminou o colégio e se formou em Relações Internacionais, ela começou a trabalhar em uma loja, já que precisava de "dinheiro para viver". Nesse meio tempo, postava fotos no Instagram. Desta forma, surgiram oportunidades para trabalhar como modelo e depois testes para atriz. Seu primeiro trabalho foi na série Desnude, do GNT. Ela ficou mais popular, no entanto, ao interpretar a personagem Cecília no filme Ana e Vitória, com o duo Anavitória, lançado em 2018. Clarissa canta no filme; ela declarou: "É um papel muito grande, que envolvia cantar e eu não tinha feito profissionalmente. Eu só cantava no chuveiro em casa, nunca tinha entrado em um estúdio. Foi tudo muito do nada". Este foi o trabalho que deixou ela mais conhecida e que fez ela se descobrir como artista. Ainda em 2018, participou de Malhação, interpretando a blogueira Ana Cruz. Em 2021, estrelou ao lado de Manu Gavassi o filme Me Sinto Bem Com Você, disponível no Prime Video.

Em 2021, Clarissa assinou contrato com a Moodstock Music para o empresariamento e produção musical da sua carreira e com o selo Olga Music para a distribuição das suas músicas nas plataformas digitais. Após isso, no dia 25 de junho, ela lançou o extended play (EP) Clarissa, apresentando um som voltado para o bedroom pop. Logo após, o álbum se tornou um dos assuntos mais comentados do Twitter no Brasil. Mais tarde, ela lançou três videoclipes de canções do álbum: "O Vento Leva, O Vento Traz", no dia 20 de julho, "Xodó", no dia 4 de agosto, e "Nosso Canto", no dia 24 de setembro.

No dia 20 de agosto, ela lançou o single "Nada Contra (Ciúme)", representando uma mudança em seu estilo musical, se assemelhando ao pop punk. A canção viralizou no TikTok. Em outubro, contava com mais de 400 milhões de reproduções na rede social e estava no segundo lugar na lista "As 50 virais do Brasil" do Spotify. No mês seguinte, contava com 11,5 milhões de reproduções no Spotify e mais de 6 milhões no YouTube. A canção ganhou o TikTok Awards 2021 na categoria "Hit do Ano". No dia 12 de novembro, ela lançou um videoclipe para a canção.

Em 17 de fevereiro de 2022, Clarissa lançou "Delírio" com o duo OutroEu. No dia 3 do mês seguinte, assinou contrato com a Virgin Music Brasil. Um dia depois, lançou "Descansa" com Di Ferrero. No dia 30, lançou o single "Bonita e Miserável", e um videoclipe da canção foi lançado no dia 7 do mês seguinte. Clarissa fez uma participação especial na canção "O Quanto Eu Gosto de Você.", de Zeeba, lançada no dia 29 do mesmo mês, junto a um videoclipe. No dia 10 de junho, ela lançou o single "Caminhada". Quinze dias depois, lançou o single "Amor Desalinhado", ao lado de Diogo Piçarra.

Em novembro, Clarissa lançou seu álbum de estreia, para-raio.

Em agosto de 2023, Clarissa lançou o EP tudo, eu, enfim.

Estilo musical
Clarissa disse que ela e seus produtores na Moodstock Music tinham referências dentro do pop alternativo, como Clairo e Billie Eilish, mas que gostariam de colocar elementos brasileiros nas músicas: "Não queríamos que fosse algo que parecesse gringo".

Vida pessoal
Clarissa é bissexual. Apesar de referências em sua atuação no filme Ana e Vitória e na letra da canção "Nada Contra (Ciúme)", ela ainda não era assumida para sua família quando as obras foram lançadas.

Discografia
para-raio (2022)
tudo, eu, enfim. (2023)

Filmografia

Televisão

Cinema

Prêmios e indicações

|2021
|TikTok Awards
|Hit do Ano
|"Nada Contra (Ciúme)"
|
|
|-
|rowspan=2|2022
|MTV Millennial Awards
|Aposta MIAW
|rowspan=2|Clarissa
|
|
|-
|Grammy Latino
|Melhor Artista Revelação
|
|
|}

Atrizes do Rio de Janeiro (estado)
Atrizes LGBT do Brasil
Brasileiros de ascendência alemã
Cantoras do Brasil
Músicos LGBT do Brasil
Cantores do estado do Rio de Janeiro
Compositoras do Brasil
Compositores do estado do Rio de Janeiro

Clarissa Müller


Allagoptera ist eine in Südamerika heimische Palmengattung. Sie wachsen auf trockenen Standorten und sind durch ihre meist kriechende Wuchsweise und ihre ährenförmigen Blütenstände charakterisiert.

Merkmale
Die Vertreter sind kleine, stammlose oder mäßig große, aufrechte Palmen. Sie sind einzelstämmig oder mehrstämmig, bewehrt oder unbewehrt, stets jedoch mehrmals blühend und einhäusig getrenntgeschlechtig (monözisch). Der Stamm ist aufrecht oder sehr kurz und unterirdisch. Manchmal ist er dichotom verzweigt. Er ist rau und dicht mit ringförmigen Blattnarben besetzt.

Die Chromosomenzahl ist 2n = 32.

Blätter
Die Blätter sind gefiedert und marzeszent (verbleiben nach dem Absterben an der Pflanze). Die Blattscheide ist kurz bis lang, röhrig und noch jung adaxial aufreißend. Sie wird holzig oder weichfasrig. An der Basis zum Blattstiel ist sie leicht erweitert. Der Blattstiel ist kurz bis lang, schlank bis kräftig, adaxial tief gefurcht, abaxial gerundet, oder im Querschnitt dreieckig. Die Oberfläche des Stiels ist glatt oder mit Schuppen besetzt. Die Fiederblättchen sind einfach gefaltet und sitzen regelmäßig oder in Gruppen. Sie sind lang, schmal, zum Ende hin verschmälert, mit spitzem Ende oder zweilappig und apikal gespaltet. Die Mittelrippe ist auf Ober- und Unterseite erkennbar. Sie ist kahl oder bereift auf beiden Seiten, oder an der Unterseite silbrig.

Blütenstände
Die Blütenstände stehen einzeln und zwischen den Blättern (interfoliar). Sie sind aufrecht oder hängend, sowie unverzweigt. Der Blütenstandsstiel ist kurz bis sehr lang und im Querschnitt kreisförmig. Das Vorblatt ist röhrig, dünn, dorsiventral abgeflacht, seitlich zweikielig, kahl oder beschuppt. Es wird mit der Zeit fasrig und öffnet sich an der Spitze. Es gibt ein Hochblatt am Blütenstandsstiel. Dieses ist lang, an der Basis schlank, sodass es fast gestielt erscheint, weiter oben dann aufgeblasen und am Ende in einen Schnabel auslaufend. Es ist holzig, etwas gefaltet und reißt abaxial auf. Die Blütenstandsachse trägt eng stehend auf der unteren Hälfte Blütentriaden, weiter oben paarige männliche Blüten. Die männlichen Blüten werden früh abgeworfen, es entsteht derart ein langes, freies, spitzes Ende des Blütenstandes. Die Hochblätter, die die Triaden tragen, sind oval, zugespitzt; die Hochblätter der männlichen Blütenpaare haben eine längere Spitze. Die Hochblätter sind seitlich mit der Blütenstandsachse verwachsen und auch mit den Basen der benachbarten Hochblätter. Die Brakteolen der Einzelblüten sind unauffällig.

Blüten
Die männlichen Blüten sind groß, asymmetrisch, eiförmig oder verkehrteiförmig, und kantig. In den Triaden stehen sie manchmal an langen, flachen Stielen, die sich um die weibliche Blüte krümmen. Die distal stehenden, paarigen Blüten sind ungestielt. Die drei Kelchblätter sind schmal, auf dem unteren Viertel ihrer Länge verwachsen, danach weit abstehend. Sie sind zugespitzt, gekielt, die Ränder sind ganz oder gekerbt. Die drei Kronblätter sind frei, unregelmäßig, kantig, dreieckig, valvat und leicht länger als bis viermal so lang wie der Kelch. Die Spitzen der Kronblätter sind leicht verdickt. Es gibt 6 bis rund 100 Staubblätter. Die Filamente sind ahlenförmig, an der Basis vereint, aufrecht, manchmal biegsam und verschieden gebogen. Die Antheren sind etwas unregelmäßig, kurz bis lange, gebogen, aber nicht gekrümmt, und dorsifix nahe der Basis des ausgeprägten Konnektivs, oder nahe der Mitte. Die Antheren sind latrors oder intrors. Das Stempelrudiment fehlt oder ist schlank, konisch und halb so lang wie die Staubblätter.

Der Pollen ist ellipsoidisch, kann aber auch länglich und/oder birnenförmig sein. Meist ist er leicht bis deutlich asymmetrisch. Die Keimöffnung ist ein distaler Sulcus. Die längste Achse misst 20 bis 50 Mikrometer.

Die weiblichen Blüten sind kugelig, und kleiner oder etwas größer als die männlichen. Die drei Kelchblätter sind frei und breit imbricat, lediglich die Spitzen sind in der Knospe valvat. Die drei Kronblätter sind frei, etwa gleich lang wie die Kelchblätter und breit imbricat, die Spitzen valvat. Die Staminodien sind zu einem niedrigen, flach gelappten Becher verwachsen. Das Gynoeceum ist eiförmig oder verkehrteiförmig, dreifächrig mit drei Samenanlagen. Die Narben sind schmal und zur Blüte zwischen den Kronblattspitzen nach hinten gebogen. Die Samenanlagen setzen seitlich an und sind anatrop.

Früchte und Samen
Die Frucht ist verkehrt eiförmig, durch die dicht gedrängte Anordnung kantig gedrückt, und von grünlichgelber bis brauner Farbe. Sie ist meist einsamig. Die Narbenreste verbleiben als apikaler Knopf an der Frucht, die Blütenhülle ist vergrößert und ausdauernd. Das Exokarp ist glatt oder mit Schuppen besetzt. Das Mesokarp ist faserig und fleischig. Das Endokarp ist hart und dünn, oder dick und knochig, glatt, mit drei Keimporen nahe der Basis. An seiner Innenseite befinden sich drei breite, glänzende Linien.

Der Samen ist verkehrt eiförmig oder länglich und setzt basal an. Der Nabel (Hilum) ist klein, die Raphe ist weit mit großen, gekrümmten und kleinen anastomosierenden Ästen. Das Endosperm ist hart, eine zentrale Höhle kann vorhanden sein oder fehlen. Es ist homogen oder flach gefurcht (ruminat).

Verbreitung und Standorte

Allagoptera kommt im Nordosten von Argentinien (Provinzen Misiones und San Pedro), bis zu den östlich-zentralen und nordwestlichen Gebieten von Bolivien vor: Departamentos von La Paz, Beni und Santa Cruz. In Brasilien kommt die Gattung in den Küstengebieten des Ostens und Südwestens vor: Bahia, Distrito Federal, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Süd- und Zentral-Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro und São Paulo. In Paraguay kommt sie im zentralen und nordöstlichen Bereich vor: Amambay, Canindeyú, Concepción und Cordillera. Das Areal reicht dabei etwa vom 11. bis zum 39. südlichen Breitengrad.

Dransfield und Kollegen geben allerdings nur Brasilien und Paraguay als Verbreitungsgebiet an.

Die Vertreter wachsen in Tieflandregionen von Meeresniveau bis etwa 1200 m Seehöhe. Sie besiedeln Savannen, Hänge und Hügelkuppen. Sie wachsen auch an den Rändern von Inseln immergrünen Waldes und in xerophytischen Wäldern. Charakteristische Böden sind sandig oder felsig, stets gut drainiert.

Die Hauptvorkommen liegen in zwei Vegetationstypen: in der Savanne (campos cerrados) und in Küstendünen. Die Cerrado-Region ist dabei durch das extrem trockene Klima der Caatinga beeinflusst, das im Süd-Zentral-Brasilien humider wird. Der westliche Teil des Cerrado umfasst die Trockenwälder des Gran Chaco. Allagoptera arenaria bildet in den Küstendünen im Osten Brasiliens dichte Populationen, diese Gebiete sind lokal als restingas bekannt.

Ökologie

Keimung und Wachstum
Die Keimung von Allagoptera erfolgt "remote tubular": die junge Pflanze ist mit dem Samen über einen langen, röhrigen Keimblatt-Blattstiel verbunden, eine Ligula fehlt. Das Eophyll ist ungeteilt oder kurz bifid.

Nach der Keimung nimmt der Sämling eine plagiotrope Wuchsform an, nach einer gewissen, kurzen oder langen Wachstumsphase wächst die Palme dann aufrecht. Allagoptera brevicalyx besitzt als Jungpflanze stark kontraktile Wurzeln.

Später wächst der Stamm knapp unter der Bodenoberfläche und bildet mehrere oberirdische Sprosse aus. Alle Seitenknospen bilden Blütenstände, mit Ausnahme der untersten. Die Architektur von Allagoptera setzt sich aus orthotropen (senkrechten) und plagiotropen (waagrechten) Sprossachsen zusammen. Die Achsen verzweigen sich dichotom. Ansonsten bilden sie keine vegetativen Seitenachsen.

Phänologie
Die Blütenstände sind proterandrisch. In den Populationen kommen zeitgleich blühende und fruchtende Individuen vor. Die Blühzeitpunkte unterscheiden sich leicht zwischen den Arten. Auch innerhalb der Arten ist der Blühzeitpunkt von der geographischen Verbreitung, vom Mikroklima und von Bodenfaktoren abhängig.

Bei Allagoptera arenaria kommen Blüh- und Fruchtphase gleichzeitig und das ganze Jahr hindurch vor, im Nordosten Brasiliens konzentrieren sich beide Phase auf die Monate Dezember und Januar. Ähnliches gilt für die übrigen Arten, wobei sich die reproduktiven Phasen in den Hauptregenzeiten oder in Zeiten von kleineren Niederschlägen während der Trockenmonate konzentrieren.

Bestäubung und Ausbreitung
Die Bestäubungsmechanismen bei Allagoptera sind wenig bekannt. Die gelblichen Blütenstände sind typisch für Bestäubung durch Bienen, Käfer und Fliegen. Der stammlose Habitus im Unterwuchs ist typisch für Bestäubung durch Fliegen. In Blüten von Allagoptera leucocalyx wurden Bienen und Ameisen beobachtet, sowie Käfer der Gattung Andranthobius (Curculionidae). Allagoptera arenaria weist Merkmale der Wind- wie der Insektenbestäubung auf, hier sind Insekten der Ordnungen Käfer, Hautflügler und Schmetterlinge beteiligt. A. arenaria kann sich zwar selbst bestäuben (ist selbstkompatibel), wird in der Natur aber normalerweise fremdbestäubt.

Die Ausbreitung der Früchte erfolgt durch indirekte Zoochorie: Bei Allagoptera brevicaulyx vergraben Käfer Früchte und Samen, um ihre Eier darin abzulegen. Bei Allagoptera arenaria tun dies Käfer der Art Ateuchus squalidus (Scarabaeidae). Eine weitere diskutierte Ausbreitungsvariante ist die Ausbreitung durch nachtaktive Säugetiere, vor allem Nagetiere und Beuteltiere der Restinga-Vegetation (etwa Proechimys ihering, Akodon sp., Metachirus nudicaudatus, Philander opossum und Didelphis aurita).

Systematik
Die Gattung Allagoptera  wird innerhalb der Palmengewächse in die Unterfamilie Arecoideae, Tribus Cocoseae und Subtribus Attaleinae gestellt.  Die Gattung ist monophyletisch. Die genauen Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen zu den anderen Vertretern der Subtribus sind nicht geklärt: eine Arbeit sieht Allagoptera als Schwestersippe einer Gruppe aus Attalea, Lytocaryum und Syagrus, eine andere als Schwester zu Cocos und Attalea, beides jedoch mit geringer statistischer Absicherung.

In der World Checklist of Selected Plant Families der Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, werden folgende Arten anerkannt:
 Allagoptera arenaria  (Syn.: Allagoptera pumila ): Die Heimat ist Brasilien vom Bundesstaat Sergipe bis zum östlichen Paraná.
 Allagoptera brevicalyx : Die Heimat ist Brasilien vom Bundesstaat Sergipe bis zum nordöstlichen Bahia.
 Allagoptera campestris : Die Heimat ist Brasilien, Paraguay und die Provinz Misiones in Argentinien.
 Allagoptera caudescens : Die Heimat ist das östliche Brasilien.
 Allagoptera leucocalyx : Die Heimat ist Brasilien, Bolivien, Paraguay und die Provinz Misiones in Argentinien.
 Allagoptera robusta : Die 2015 erstbeschriebene Art kommt in Brasilien vor.

Allagoptera wurde 1821 von Nees von Esenbeck erstbeschrieben. Typus ist Allagoptera pumila  (= Allagoptera arenaria ).

Die Zuordnung von Allagoptera caudescens zu Allagoptera wird etwa in Genera Palmarum (2008), der Flora Brasiliens (2010) und bei R. Govaerts akzeptiert.

Fossil ist die Gattung nicht bekannt.

Nutzung
Die Früchte von Allagoptera campestris sind essbar. Das Endosperm der Früchte wird zum einen zur Fiebersenkung eingesetzt, zum anderen zum Färben von Stoffen. Die Wurzel von Allagoptera arenaria ist rötlichbraun, essbar und hat einen süßen Geschmack. Aus den Blättern dieser Art werden Fasern für Seile hergestellt, die Blätter werden zu Körben verarbeitet. Aus dem Mesokarp der Früchte werden Getränke hergestellt. Auch die Früchte von Arenaria leucocalyx, genauer Mesokarp und Samen, sind essbar.

Die beiden Arten Allagoptera arenaria und Allagoptera leucocalyx werden häufig als Zierpflanzen gesetzt.

Literatur
 John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Zweite Auflage, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2, S. 410–413.
 Mónica Moraes R.: Allagoptera (Palmae). Flora Neotropica, Band 73. The New York Botanical Garden, New York 1996, ISBN 0-89327-410-0 (JSTOR)

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Palmengewächse
Arecaceae

Allagoptera


Camden Passage en gågade, der ligger ud til Upper Street i London Borough of Islington. Passagen er kendt for sine mange antikvitetshandlere, og der afholdes et antikvitetsmarked onsdag og lørdag formiddag. Gaden blev bygget som en gyde langs bagsiden af husene på Upper Street, der tidligere var Islington High Street i 1767.

Antikmarkedet blev grundlagt i 1960'erne sammen med Metropolitan Borough of Islington af John Payton. Foretagenet startede meget succesfuldt ud, og fik over 350 stadeholdere og handlende. I nyere tid har Islington centrum gennemgået en del genopbygning og renovering, hvilket har ført højere husleje. En tidligere jernbanebygning, der havde været forladt i nogle år, genåbnede den 14. november 1979 som en butiksarkade med antikvitetsbutikker, der på sit højeste havde 35 i stueetagen og kælderen. Bygningen indeholdt også andre erhverv såsom restauranter, men stedet lukkede i 2008. I 2013 blev det en Jack Wills-butik, og i 2014 var det en Superdry-butik. Arkadens lukning reducerede antallet af antikvitetshandlere betragteligt, men der afholdes stadig antikmarkeder i weekenden. Bygning er listed af anden grad. English Heritage beskriver at dens arkitektur er påvirket af og en hyldest til Newgate Prison (af George Dance the Younger), der blev revet ned i 1902, tre år inden denne bygning blev opført af LCC.

I Camden Passage ligger også pubben Camden Head, der afholder comedy nights med lokale komikere.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

 Official Camden Passage Site

Veje i London
Gågader
Islington
Markeder i London

Camden Passage


Lian Bichsel (né le  à Wolfwil en Suisse) est un joueur suisse de hockey sur glace. Il évolue à la position de défenseur.

Biographie

En club
Bichsel commence sa carrière junior dans le club de sa ville natale, le HC Olten. Il intègre le contingent des moins de 15 ans lors de la saison 2015-2016.

À partir de la saison 2017-2018, il se joint également au contingent du HC Bienne en moins de 15 ans. Lors de la sasion 2019-2020, il n'évolue plus que pour le HC Bienne en moins de 17 ans.

Il dispute 4 rencontres de National League, lors de la saison 2020-2021, commençant ainsi sa carrière professionnelle.

Le , il s'engage avec un club suédois, le Leksands IF.

Il commence la saison suivante dans la ligue junior, la J20 Superelit. Il dispute également 29 rencontres du championnat senior, la SHL, ainsi que 8 matchs de Ligue des champions.

Le , il signe une prolongation de contrat avec Leksand en vue de la saison prochaine.

Le , lors du Repêchage d'entrée dans la LNH, il est sélectionné au  rang par les Stars de Dallas.

Au niveau international
Bichsel représente la Suisse sur la scène internationale, il intègre le contingent des moins de 16 ans à partir de la saison 2018-2019.

Il prend part avec les moins de 17 ans au Festival olympique d'hiver de la jeunesse européenne 2019, la suisse se classant à la  place.

La saison suivante, avec la formation des moins de 18 ans, il représente la suisse lors du tournoi Coupe Hlinka-Gretzky, se classant à la huitième et dernière place.

Il prend part au Championnat du monde moins de 18 ans en 2021. la Suisse se classant à la  place.

Il est sélectionné pour le Championnat du monde junior en 2022, avant que le tournoi ne soit annulé à cause de la pandémie de Covid-19, plusieurs équipes ayant de nombreux joueurs déclaré positifs.

Statistiques

En club
Pour les significations des abréviations, voir statistiques du hockey sur glace.

| align=left|2015-2016 || HC Olten U15 || align=left| || 8 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 4 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2016-2017 || align=left|HC Olten U15 || align=left|Mini A || 29 || 6 || 12 || 18 || 46 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2017-2018 || align=left|HC Bienne U15 || align=left| || 30 || 9 || 14 || 23 || 38 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2017-2018 || align=left|HC Olten U15 || align=left|Mini A || 9 || 3 || 4 || 7 || 4 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2018-2019 || align=left|HC Bienne U15 || align=left|Top Mini || 27 || 14 || 18 || 32 || 24 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2018-2019 || align=left|HC Bienne U17 || align=left| || 10 || 0 || 2 || 2 || 2 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2018-2019 || align=left|HC Olten U17 || align=left| || 4 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 6 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2019-2020 || align=left|HC Bienne U17 || align=left| || 31 || 3 || 11 || 14 || 28 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 6
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left|HC Bienne U20 || align=left| || 45 || 5 || 23 || 28 || 48 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left|HC Bienne || align=left|NL || 4 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2021-2022 || align=left|Leksands IF U20 || align=left|J20 Superelit || 11 || 3 || 4 || 7 || 6 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
| align=left|2021-2022 || align=left|Leksands IF || align=left|SHL || 29 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 16 || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| align=left|2021-2022 || align=left|Leksands IF || align=left|Ligue des champions || 8 || 1 || 0 || 1 || 29 || - || - || - || - || -

Au niveau international

|-
| align=left|2019-2020 || align=left| U16 || align=left|International || 20 || 2 || 4 || 6 || 0 ||
|-
| align=left|2019 || align=left| Suisse U17 || align=left|Festival olympique de la jeunesse européenne  || 2 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 ||  align="left"| place
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left| Suisse U17 || align=left|International || 3 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 6 ||
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left| Suisse U18 || align=left|International || 8 || 1 || 3 || 4 || 10 ||
|-
| align=left|2021 || align=left| Suisse U18 || align=left|Championnat du monde moins de 18 ans || 5 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 6 ||  align="left"| place
|-
| align=left|2021 || align=left| Suisse U18 || align=left|Coupe Hlinka-Gretzky || 4 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 0 ||  align="left"| place
|-
| align=left|2020-2021 || align=left| Suisse U18 || align=left|International || 4 || 0 || 1 || 1 || 0 ||
|-
| align=left|2022 || align=left| Suisse U20 || align="left"|Championnat du monde junior || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || align="left"|Compétition annulée

Références

Naissance en mai 2004
Joueur suisse de hockey sur glace
Défenseur de hockey sur glace
Joueur du HC Bienne
Joueur du Leksands IF
Choix de premier tour au repêchage d'entrée dans la LNH
Choix de repêchage des Stars de Dallas

Lian Bichsel


'Mi tía y sus cosas es una obra de teatro  de Rafael Mendizábal, estrenada en 1985.

 Argumento
La obra nos presenta la historia de Rafaela, viuda de un soldado de la División Azul, y Encarna, su sobrina, quienes sufren todo tipo de penurias, ya que solo cuentan con la pequeña pensión de la primera. Para superar esta situación, solo se les ocurre la idea de suicidarse ambas, enviando previamente a los medios una carta en donde explican el porqué de su decisión. El primer intento es fallido, ya que cuando Rafaela intenta tirarse por la ventana, se queda atascada en la misma. El segundo intento, abriendo la llave del gas, también es fallido, ya que esa misma mañana tras una revisión,el gas fue cortado. Es en ese instante, cuando descubren que les ha tocado la lotería, pero como todo no puede ser felicidad, Rafaela, recibe una llamada de Paco, el marido que creía muerto, y que regresa casado con una rusa, para pedir su parte del dinero.

 Estreno
 Teatro Figaro, Madrid, 14 de febrero de 1985.
 Dirección: Víctor Andrés Catena.
 Recaudación: 190.000 espectadores y más de 142 millones de pesetas.
 Intérpretes'': Rafaela Aparicio, Florinda Chico, Mercedes Aguirre, Manolo Cal, Rubén García, Celia Castro.

Referencias

Obras de teatro de Rafael Mendizábal
Obras de teatro de 1985

Mi tía y sus cosas


Mehmet Ali Yavuz - dilbilimci
 Mehmet Ali Yavuz - Konya milletvekili

Mehmet Ali Yavuz


Pumpherston is a village in West Lothian, Scotland.  Originally a small industrial village housing works for the nearby shale mine and works, it now forms the eastern part of the new town of Livingston, which was constructed to the west of Pumpherston in the late 1960s and quickly grew to incorporate Pumpherston in its wider urban settlement, as defined by the General Register Office for Scotland (GROS). The village of Uphall Station lies immediately to the north. It is twinned with the village of Mtarfa, Malta.

History
In 1884 the Pumpherston Oil Works was built to extract and product shale oil and the village developed adjacent to the works to house employed staff and their families. Pumpherston was initially divided into two villages, south and north. The north village had 116 homes and a co-operative store by 1885. By 1888, the south village had two rows of houses, comprising 48 tenements that had been erected. By 1914, Pumpherston north village had continued to expand to over 220 houses, as well as a workingmans institute, library, hall and bowling green. The co-operative store building (West Calder Co-Operative) still occupies the corner site in the village and includes a clock tower.

The Pumpherston oil works was later merged into Scottish Oils Ltd, established by Anglo-Persian in 1919 along with four other Scottish oil shale companies (Young's Paraffin Light & Mineral Oil Company, Broxburn Oil Company, Oakbank Oil Company and James Ross & Company Philpstoun Oil Works). The oil works however continued to grow as the principal refinery for the company, with the additions of a cracking plant, brickworks and a detergent plant. The main refinery closed in 1964 although the detergent plant continued to operate until the earlier 1990s. Most of the former workings have been removed and the area has now been redeveloped as a golf course and new housing.

The specific oil shale retort, invented in 1894 and marking the separation of the oil shale industry from the coal industry, is named after the village.

Origin of the name
There does not seem to be an unambiguous derivation for the origin of the name:

Various suggestions have been made as to the meaning of the name Pumpherston. One writer suggested it was from 'pamper', a short thickset man; another suggested it was from 'pundler', the official in the middle ages who impounded stray cattle. [A more likely] derivation is from [Brythonic] 'ap Humphrey' meaning son of Humphrey.

Pomphray was probably [the name of] one of the Flemish (Belgian) noblemen invited by King David I and his grandson Malcolm IV to settle in Scotland in the twelfth century ... Pomphray would have been granted the lands north of the Almond in return for serving the king in battle ... around the castle built by Pomphray, probably a wooden structure later replaced by a stone building, would have grown up a little settlement and farm to house and feed his adherents and servants - Pomphray's town.

Manu de Pomphray was a Belgian mercenary who was rewarded for his "deeds" by King Malcolm circa 1130-1145

—Sybil Cavanagh et al.

Archaeology
There is evidence of the Roman occupation approximately two miles north east of Pumpherston - at Roman Camp, near Broxburn.

Amenities

Pumpherston shares a primary school, Pumpherston & Uphall Station Community Primary School, with near neighbour Uphall Station.  For secondary education is provided at nearby Broxburn Academy.

Pumpherston has a variety of sporting amenities including Pumpherston Golf Club, Pumpherston Bowling Club and Recreation Park, the home of Pumpherston Juniors Football Club (Pumpherston F.C.).

In 2005 Pumpherston United F.C was formed to provide an opportunity for children from Pumpherston and the surrounding areas to take part in regular sporting activities. In only its third year the youth football club achieved an Access Level Award through West Lothian Council's Community Sports Club Development Scheme. The certificate awarded to the club confirms that Pumpherston United F.C demonstrates appropriate levels of efficiency in Child Protection, Good Coaching Practice, Club Management and First Aid.

"Dukla Pumpherston" is a charity football team that originates from a fictional football team used by the comedian Tony Roper in the 1980s for the Naked Radio show. The name "Dukla Pumpherston" is said to originate from a play entitled "The Broons" held in Pumpherston Scout Hall circa 1982. However, the team now play to raise funds and awareness for various charities.

Transport
Uphall Station road is the main road through the village. The nearest railway station is Uphall railway station which lies to the north of Pumpherston at Uphall Station village.

McGill's Scotland East operate bus service 23 between Broxburn and Whitburn or Shotts via Livingston, St. John's Hospital, Seafield and Blackburn.

Music
Kerry McGregor, who had success with many ventures including the Eurovision Song Contest qualifiers and X Factor, as well as acting, came from Pumpherston.

References
The history Pumpherston, the story of a shale oil village was commissioned by BP and collated and edited by local area historian Sybil Cavanagh.

External links

Museum of the Scottish Shale Oil Industry - Pumpherston North Village
Museum of the Scottish Shale Oil Industry - Pumpherston Crude Oil Works & Refinery

Villages in West Lothian

Pumpherston


Georges Groussard ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Georges Groussard (Widerstandskämpfer) (1891–1980), französischer Widerstandskämpfer
 Georges Groussard (Radsportler) (* 1937), französischer Radsportler

Georges Groussard


As competições de remo nos Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2023 em Santiago, no Chile, foram realizadas entre 21 e 25 de outubro de 2023 na Lagoa Grande, em San Pedro de la Paz. Ao todo, quinze eventos foram disputados: sete igualmente distribuídos entre masculino e feminino, além de um misto.

O oito com masculino e o skiff simples peso leve foram removidos e substituído pelo oito com misto. Entretanto, o oito com tanto no masculino quanto no feminino também foram adicionados posteriormente ao programa do Pan.

Qualificação

Um total de 220 remadores poderiam se qualificar para competir. Cada Comitê Olímpico Nacional poderia inscrever até 21 remadores. Toda a classificação se deu no Campeonato Qualificatório de 2023, onde um número específico de barcos se qualifiou em cada um dos eventos. Os competidores da prova de oito com misto foram selecionados entre os remadores correspondentes nas provas masculinas e femininas.

Os medalhistas de ouro no skiff simples masculino e feminino nos Jogos Pan-Americanos Júnior de 2021 em Cáli, na Colômbia, receberam uma vaga direta aos Pan, não fazendo parte do limite de vagas especificado dentro do processo de classificação aos Jogos.

Nações participantes
Um total de 20 CONs qualificaram pelo menos um remador em um dos eventos. Entre parênteses se encontra representada a quantidade de competidores.

Medalhistas
Masculino

Feminino

Misto

Quadro de medalhas

Ver também
 Remo nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2024

2023
Remo
Pan

Remo nos Jogos Pan-Americanos de 2023


Chicha, Chicha je blago alkoholno piće napravljeno od fermentiranog kukuruza ili korijena manioke koje je tradicionalno za mnoga plemena Srednje i Južne Amerike. Međutim, naziv chicha zapravo nije izvorni za ovu regiju-- dolazi od nahuatl riječi koja znači "kiseo". Preko španjolskog je naziv "chicha" posuđen u mnoge južnoameričke jezike, ali varijacije na kečuanskim i ajmara riječima za piće, aswa i kusa, također su vrlo česte. Na jeyiku achagua, riječ za chicha je ku'liaa.

Chichu obično kuhaju žene, a u mnogim je južnoameričkim plemenima snažno povezana s gostoprimstvom. Tradicionalno se nudi gostima, a u nekim se plemenima smatra teškom uvredom odbiti piće chicha. Legende o chichi obično imaju veze s osobom koja pokazuje svoju nepristojnost tako što je nezahvalna kada joj se ponudi chicha ili odbija podijeliti chichu s posjetiteljem.

Danas, iako se ovo tradicionalno autohtono piće (ili vrlo slična bezalkoholna verzija) još uvijek proizvodi u nekim dijelovima Srednje i Južne Amerike, riječ "chicha" također se često koristi za označavanje jabukovače ili bilo koje vrste voćnog soka u mnogim zemljama. Južnoamerički dijalekti španjolskog, zbog čega se čini da je prevalencija tradicionalne upotrebe chicha puno veća nego što zapravo jest!

Izvori

Pića

Chicha


James Zabiela (n. Southampton, Reino Unido, 7 de agosto de 1979) en un DJ y productor musical británico.

Biografía
James fue introducido al mundo del acid house por su padre, quien trabajaba en un local de venta de discos y regresaba a casa armado de house primitivo y techno. A los 15 años, ya realizaba sus primeras mezclas en la escuela. Al año siguiente comenzó a ganar experiencia al entrar a trabajar al mismo local de discos en que había trabajado su padre. James fue presentado a varios promotores mientras tocaba en clubes locales incluido Menage a Trois y fue llevado por Paul Oakenfold en tres ocasiones al cavernoso Club Ikon en Southampton. El gran salto lo consiguió cuando participó de la prestigiosa competición Bedroom Bedlam de Muzik Magazines en 2001 y ganó. Luego de ganar la competencia, Sasha lo convocó para Excession, su agencia. A partir de ese momento Zabiela fue residente de los mejores clubes, editó compilados para los sellos Hooj Choons y Groovetech y produjo diferentes trabajos para Bedrock.

Estilo musical
En sus primeros años de su estilo era una fusión de breakbeat y house music, más recientemente, sin embargo, se le considera como un DJ Tech House, aunque el uso de la música breakbeat sigue siendo clave para las partes más llamativas de sus sets.

James es conocido por sus habilidades con el turntablism, el amplio uso de loops y efectos, y la utilización de las bandejas Pioneer CDJ-2000, EFX1000 así como el uso del Ableton Live con varios controladores y, a veces, incluso su iPad.

Zabiela también ha probado las nuevas Pioneer DJM800, CDJ1000MK3 y el 1000 EFX en la Musikmesse 2006 de Frankfurt. James también ayudó a Pioneer Corporation a desarrollar la línea superior de las bandejas CDJ-2000 y CDJ-900.

Discografía

Sencillos originales
 2005 "Skanksuary"
 2005 "Robophobia"
 2005 "EyeAMComputer"
 2005 "We Make Contact" (como The Flying Doctors)
 2006 "Weird Science"
 2007 "No Pressure / Rover" (como One + One, con Nic Fanciulli)
 2007 "Human" (Original Mix)
 2008 "Human" (Intro Mix)
 2008 "No Other Way But Down"
 2008 "Perseverance"
 2008 "Phaser Fire"
 2009 "Tylium"
 2010 "Burnt Bridges"
 2011 "Blame"
 2011 "Darkness by Design"

Remixes
 2002 Röyksopp - "Remind Me" (Zabiela's Ingeborg Mix)
 2002 Pole Folder & CP - "Dust" (Zabiela's Dakota Bar Slam)
 2002 Boomclick - "Homegrown" (Zabiela Remix)
 2003 Dave Brennan - "Drink Deep" (Zabiela's Vox Version)
 2003 Edward Shearmur - "Taxi Ride"
 2004 Ficta - "Eli" (Zabiela's Rave Lizard Mix)
 2004 Ficta - "Eli" (Zabiela's Rave Lizard Reprise)
 2004 Luke Vibert - 'Ambalek' (Zabiela's Delboy Edit)
 2005 Sasha  & Mike Koglin - 'Enjoy The Gravy' (James Zabiela's Totally Turntabled Mix)
 2006 Charlie May vs. Sasha - "Seal Clubbing" (James Zabiela Seal Squeal Remix)
 2008 Spooky - "Candy" (James Zabiela Remix)
 2008 Ladytron - "Runaway" (James Zabiela's Red Eye Remix)
 2008 Radiohead - "Reckoner" (James Zabiela's Remix)
 2009 Orbital - "Impact" (James Zabiela Scorched Earth Remix)
 2009 Rennie Foster - "Devil's Water" (James Zabiela's "More Umph" Edit)
 2012 Hot Chip - "How Do You Do?" (James Zabiela remix)

Discos de mezclas
 2002: FOUR
 2002: Reason Mix
 2002: GTDJ001
 2003: Sound In Motion
 2004: ALiVE
 2005: Utilities
 2005: FOUR-2
 2005: DJ Face-Off Meat Katie vs. James Zabiela
 2006: FOUR-3
 2006: The Appliance of Science
 2007: James Zabiela and Nic Fanciulli present One+One
 2007: FOUR-4
 2009: Renaissance: The Masters Series Part 12
 2010: Renaissance: The Masters Series 'Life'
 2010: Mixmag- Destination: Future

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 How to DJ with James Zabiela, Phil K & Sarah Main
 Tracklisting archive
 James Zabiela interview at ilikemusic.com
 DJ James Zabiela Interview
TranceSound.net James Zabiela interview August 2008
James Zabiela Interview at Sound Revolt (2004)
James Zabiela Essential Mix

 James Zabiela en Discogs

Disc jockeys de música electrónica
Disc jockeys de Reino Unido
Nacidos en Southampton

James Zabiela


Cosmin Cernat (n. 12 septembrie 1975, București, România) este un prezentator, comentator sportiv, producator si realizatori de emisiuni din România.

Cosmin Cernat a avut primul contact cu presa sportivă în 1994, la redacția Sport a ziarului "Dimineața". În 1996, acesta și-a început activitatea la TVR,  unde a fost reporter, redactor, editor al stirilor sportive, comentator sportiv si prezentator. după care a intrat în echipa Kanal D, în 2007, odată cu lansarea stației pe piața audiovizualului din România. A fost redactor-șef al Știrilor sportive Kanal D și prezentator și realizator al emisiunilor "Fluier de start" și "Fluier final". Acesta  a mai prezentat în trecut și o serie de formate TV de divertisment precum "Ploaia de stele", "Spune-mi prețul" , "Stele de 5 stele" și "Șatră". Pe lângă ocupația de prezentator, Cernat a fost și comentator în domenii precum handbal, atletism, baschet și sporturi de iarnă. Acesta a fost comentator la șapte ediții consecutive ale Jocurilor Olimpice și recompensat pentru activitatea sa de Asociația Profesioniștilor din Televiziune din România (APTR), în 2000.

In 2016 a prezentat impreuna cu Gabriela Szabo emisiunea Drumul spre Glorie, la TVR 1, dedicata Jocurilor Olimpice.

A fost prezentator al Festivalului de la Mamaia si al festivalului Cerbul de Aur, alaturi de Andreea Marin si Ramona Badescu.

A fost comentator la Eurosport inca de la infiintarea acestuia in Romania, in anul 1997 pana in 2012. In ultimii ani a comentat din nou pentru Eurosport, Jocurile Olimpice de vara de la Tokyo- 2020 si Jocurile Olimpice de iarna de la Beijing- 2022.

În toamna anului 2010, Cernat a părăsit Kanal D și s-a alăturat echipei de prezentatori ai știrilor sportive de la TVR 1, unde a continuat să realizeze și să prezinte Studiourile UEFA Champions League, a meciurilor echipei naționale de fotbal și a transmisiunilor sportive speciale la televiziunea publică. Tot în 2010, Cernat a devenit directorul Departamentului Sport al TVR.

În trecut, Cernat a fost prezentatorul a trei sezoane ale reality show-ului Exatlon difuzat pe Kanal D.

Din 2020, realizeaza la Radio Impuls, parte a Dogan Media International, emisiunea  #invitatulde12.

Premii și nominalizări

Legături externe
Biografia lui Cosmin Cernat
Famouswhy

Referințe

Prezentatori de televiziune din România
Bucureșteni

Cosmin Cernat


لاغونا بيتش  هي إحدى مدن مقاطعة أورانج، كاليفورنيا. تم إعطاءها لقب مدينة في 29 يونيو، 1927.

التركيبة السكانية
حدّد مكتب تعداد الولايات المتحدة بيانات التركيبة السكانية للاغونا بيتش في تعداد الولايات المتحدة. في ما يلي، التركيبة السكانية حسب تعدادي 2000 و2010.

تعداد عام 2000
بلغ عدد سكان لاغونا بيتش 23,727 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2000، وبلغ عدد الأسر 11,511 أسرة وعدد العائلات 5,776 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 12,965 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 91.99% من البيض و0.80% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.36% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و2.08% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.08% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و2.21% من الأعراق الأخرى و2.47% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و6.62% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 11,511 أسرة كانت نسبة 19.8% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 40.9% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 6.3% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 2.9% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 49.8% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 36.7% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 8.1% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.05، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.69.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 43.4 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 15.8% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 4.1% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 32.6% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 33.8% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 13.2% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. يوجد لكل 100 أنثى 103.5 ذكر، ويوجد لكل 100 أنثى في الثامنة عشر من عمرها فما فوق 103.7 ذكر.

بلغ متوسط دخل الأسرة في المدينة 75,808 دولارًا، أما متوسط دخل العائلة فبلغ 100,778 دولارًا. وكان متوسط دخل الذكور 66,221 دولارًا مقابل 46,138 دولارًا للإناث. وسجل دخل الفرد الخاص بالمدينة 58,732 دولارًا. وكانت نسبة 2.8% من العائلات ونسبة 5.1% من السكان تحت خط الفقر، وكان من هؤلاء نسبة 5.6% تحت سن الثامنة عشر ونسبة 4.3% في الخامسة والستين من العمر وما فوق.

تعداد عام 2010
بلغ عدد سكان لاغونا بيتش 22,723 نسمة بحسب تعداد عام 2010، وبلغ عدد الأسر 10,821 أسرة وعدد العائلات 5,791 عائلة مقيمة في المدينة. في حين سجلت الكثافة السكانية . وبلغ عدد الوحدات السكنية 12,923 وحدة بمتوسط كثافة قدره .
وتوزع التركيب العرقي للمدينة بنسبة 90.86% من البيض و0.78% من الأمريكيين الأفارقة و0.27% من الأمريكيين الأصليين و3.57% من الأمريكيين ذوي الأصول الآسيوية و0.07% من سكان جزر المحيط الهادئ و1.54% من الأعراق الأخرى و2.92% من عرقين مختلطين أو أكثر و7.26% من الهسبانيون أو اللاتينيون من أي عرق.

بلغ عدد الأسر 10,821 أسرة كانت نسبة 20.1% منها لديها أطفال تحت سن الثامنة عشر تعيش معهم، وبلغت نسبة الأزواج القاطنين مع بعضهم البعض 43.6% من أصل المجموع الكلي للأسر، ونسبة 6.3% من الأسر كان لديها معيلات من الإناث دون وجود شريك، بينما كانت نسبة 3.6% من الأسر لديها معيلون من الذكور دون وجود شريكة وكانت نسبة 46.5% من غير العائلات. تألفت نسبة 35.2% من أصل جميع الأسر من عدة أفراد يعيشون في نفس المنزل ونسبة 10.4% كانت تتألف من شخص يعيش بمفرده يبلغ من العمر 65 عاماً أو أكثر. وبلغ متوسط حجم الأسرة المعيشية 2.09، أما متوسط حجم العائلات فبلغ 2.72.

بلغ العمر الوسطي للسكان 48.3 عاماً. وكانت نسبة 16.1% من القاطنين تحت سن الثامنة عشر، وكانت نسبة 4.8% بين الثامنة عشر والرابعة والعشرين عاماً، ونسبة 23.4% كانت واقعةً في الفئة العمرية ما بين الخامسة والعشرين والرابعة والأربعين عاماً، ونسبة 37.4% كانت ما بين الخامسة والأربعين والرابعة والستين، ونسبة 18.3% كانت ضمن فئة الخامسة والستين عاماً فما فوق. وتوزع التركيب الجنسي للسكان بنسبة 50.2% ذكور و49.8% إناث.

المناخ
يظهر الجدول التالي التغييرات المناخية على مدار السنة للاغونا بيتش:

أعلام

 لورين كونراد
 غراهام فيليبس
 ريك ليتش
 سليم سامرفيل
 هارييت نيلسون
 أليسون نويل
 ويليام بويد
 تاي سيجال
 ليون أميز
 روث رومان

مراجع

الموقع الجغرافي
الموقع الجغرافي للمناطق المحيطة بهذه النقطة هو كالتالي:

مدن ساحلية في كاليفورنيا
مدن كاليفورنيا
مدن في مقاطعة أورانج (كاليفورنيا)

لاغونا بيتش (كاليفورنيا)


Der Dallol Bosso ist ein rund 350 Kilometer langes Wadi im Westen Nigers. Er verläuft von der Grenze mit Mali im Norden bis zur Grenze mit Benin im Süden, wo er in den Fluss Niger mündet.

Verlauf
Das Wadi hat seinen Ursprung im verzweigten Azawagh-Flusssystem in der Region Gao in Mali. Ab der Staatsgrenze mit Niger trägt es den Namen Dallol Bosso. Dallol ist ein Wort der Sprache Fulfulde und bedeutet "Tal". Es gibt mehrere Dallols in Niger, darunter die weiter östlich gelegenen Dallol Foga und Dallol Maouri.

Der Dallol Bosso verläuft zunächst im nigrischen Departement Filingué durch die Gemeinden Abala, Filingué, Kourfeye Centre, Imanan, Tondikandia und Tagazar, wo er ein aus Banibangou kommendes Nebental aufnimmt. Nach Tagazar erreicht das Wadi das Departement Boboye. Der Name Boboye kommt aus der Sprache Zarma, bedeutet ebenfalls "Tal" und ist eine weitere Bezeichnung des Dallol Bosso. Nach den Gemeinden Koygolo, Kiota, Harikanassou und N'Gonga erreicht der Dallol Bosso Birni N'Gaouré, die Hauptstadt des Departements Boboye. Anschließend verläuft er durch die Gemeinden Fabidji, Guilladjé und Falmey, wo er beim Dorf Boumba gegenüber der Staatsgrenze zu Benin in den Fluss Niger mündet.

Auf seinem Weg durchquert der Dallol Bosso zwei Großlandschaften: die Sahelzone und den Sudan.

Charakteristik und Nutzung
Die hydromorphen Böden in der Talsohle sind reich an Lehm und organischem Material. Der Grundwasserspiegel ist hoch. Hier bestehen gute Voraussetzungen für Bewässerungsfeldwirtschaft. Am Fuß der Hochebenen beiderseits des Dallols gibt es Schluff-Ton-Böden, die der Erosion durch Wind und Wasser ausgesetzt sind. Auf den Hochebenen selbst wird Getreide angebaut.

Im Dallol Bosso ist die Bevölkerungsdichte im Vergleich zum Umland hoch und erreicht mehr als 100 Einwohner je Quadratkilometer. Es kommt häufig zu Landnutzungskonflikten. Das Tal ist ein traditionelles Siedlungsgebiet der Fulbe, das sie mit anderen Volksgruppen wie Tuareg und Zarma teilen.

Seit 2004 ist der Dallol Bosso ein Ramsar-Gebiet. Dieses erstreckt sich über eine Fläche von 892.122 Hektar und ist damit das nach den Gueltas und Oasen des Aïr zweitgrößte der 14 Ramsar-Gebiete Nigers.

Literatur

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Dosso (Region)
Gewässer in der Region Tillabéri
Tal in Niger
Tal in Afrika
Schutzgebiet (Umwelt- und Naturschutz) in Niger
Ramsar-Gebiet in Niger
Wadi

Dallol Bosso


Everard des Barres (također Eberhard von Barres (Meaux, Champagne, oko 1113. – Clairvaux, 12. studenog 1174.), francuski vitez i treći veliki meštar vitezova templara (1149. – 1151.).

Pristupio je templarima u ranoj dobi i već je 1143. godine bio preceptor Francuske. Na Uskrs 1147. godine postao je članom Velikog vijeća Reda, koje je odlučilo pridružiti se vojsci francuskog kralja Luja VII. (1137. – 1180.) nakon poziva na Drugi križarski rat (1147. – 1149.). Tijekom vojne kampanje, templari su pokazali izuzetnu hrabrost marširajući s francuskom vojskom kroz Anatoliju gdje su spasili kralja Luja VII. iz seldžučke zasjede u koju je upao u klancima Pizidije, blizu planine Kadmo. Nakon pobjede u bitci, kralj Luj VII. predao je zapovjedništvo nad vojskom Everardu des Barresu.

U proljeće 1148. godine kralj Luj VII. stigao je s ostacima vojske u Antiohiju i jer nije imao novćanih sredstava, zatražio je pozajmicu od Everarda i templara, što je bio početak templarskog bankarskog posla uz pomoću kojeg su kasnije stekli znatna financijska i imovinska sredstva i postali najmoćnija i najbogatija organizacija srednjeg vijeka.

U srpnju 1148. godine, kralj Balduin III. (1143. – 1162.) okupio je u Jeruzalemu kralja Luja VII., Konrada III. (1138. – 1152.), templare i ivanovce u svrhu pokretanja opsade Damaska koja je završila neuspjehom.

Poslije smrti velikog meštra Huga de Payensa u sječnju 1149. godine, novim je velikim meštrom postao Everard de Barres. Iste godine, slijedio je kralja Luja VII. na povratku u Francusku, da bi u svibnju 1150., po prvi put, presjedao Velikim vijećem Reda u Parizu. Senešal Andre de Montbard poslao mu je nekoliko pisma u kojima je tražio njegov povratak u Svetu zemlju i molio ga da im pošalje vojna pojačanja i novac. Međutim, Everard nije odgovorio na ta pisma, jer je odlučio odustati od dužnosti velikog meštra templarskog reda. Umjesto povratka u Palestinu, pristupio je cistercitima u travnju 1151. godine i postao običan redovnik u samostanu u Clairvauxu, gdje je proveo ostatak života.

Naslijedio ga je Bernard de Tremelay na dužnosti velikog meštra.

Bilješke

Vanjske poveznice

 Everard des Barres – travelingtemplar.com
 Evrard Barres – templiers.org

Templari
Francuski cisterciti

Everard des Barres


Screaming masterpiece er en dokumentarfilm fra 2005 skrevet og instrueret af Ari Alexander Ergis Magnusson.

Handling
Björks store succes på den internationale musikscene har skabt opmærksomhed omkring islandsk musik, og nye navne som Sigur Rós, Múm, Bang Gang, Mugison og Minus and Slowblow er på vej frem. Filmen undersøger den særlige islandske lyd og undergrundsmiljøet i Reykjavik.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Film fra Danmark (administrationskategori)
Island
Dokumentarfilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2005

Gargandi snilld


Montenero er en bydel i den italienske by Livorno i Toscana. Montenero ligger i et kuperet område med udsigt over det Liguriske Hav. I Montenero ligger kirken Santuario di Montenero, som er viet til Madonna delle Grazie di Montenero, Toscanas skytshelgen.

Kulturhistorie
Montenero blev i 1700-tallet et mondænt område, hvor en række betydningsfulde familier lod opføre sommerresidenser. Blandt de familier, der er knyttet til stedet, er danskerne Jacqueline og Herman Schubart, der slog sig ned i 1803, og deres ejendom blev et sted, hvor mange kulturpersonligheder inden for forskellige fag og genrer, besøgte i kortere eller længere tid. Blandt disse personer var billedhuggeren Bertel Thorvaldsen, historikeren Laurids Engelstoft, arkæologen P.O. Brøndsted samt malerne C.F. Høyer og J.L. Lund.

Især Thorvaldsens ophold på Montenero er kendt fra flere af hans værker. Han opholdt sig på stedet et par måneder i 1804, en månedstid i 1805 samt nogle uger i 1810. Blandt de værker, han fremstillede her, er Musernes dans på Helikon og buster af sine værter. Han skabte også relieffet Gravmæle over Jacqueline Schubart (1814) til Herman Schubart efter hustruens død.

Den engelske digter lord Byron kom også på Montenero, dog ikke hos familien Schubart.

Kilde

Livorno

Montenero


Alageyik ya da Yağmurca (Dama dama) geyikgiller (Cervidae) familyasından, göçmen olmayan ve sürü oluşturan, kürek boynuzlu ve benekli gececil bir geyik türüdür. Dünyada en saf yabani alageyiklerin bulunduğu tek yer Antalya'dır ve yöre halkı tarafından Benekli geyik adı da verilmektedir. Sonradan insanlar tarafından asırlar içinde bütün Avrupa'ya yayılmıştır. İran'ın batı kıyıları ötesinde Asya'da doğal olarak bulunmazlar.

Evcil ve yarı evcil popülasyonları Avrupa başta olmak üzere değişik bölgelerdeki doğal parklarda ve korunaklı avlaklarda bulunan gözde bir türdür. Yabanileri çok ürkektir ve en ufak bir ses duyumunda ormanda izini kolayca kaybettirebilmektedir.

Yaşam süreleri 12 yıl kadardır.

Alt türleri
2  alt türü vardır. Bazen mesopotamica alt türü ayrı bir tür olarak da sınıflandırılır.
 Dama dama dama (Anadolu alageyiği) : Dünyada yabani alageyiklerin en saf olarak bulunduğu tek yer Türkiye'de Antalya ilidir. Avrupa'daki evcil ve yarı evcil popülasyonları bu alt türe aittir.
 Dama dama mesopotamica (İran alageyiği) : Günümüzde daha çok İran'ın batısında bulunurlar ve soyları tehlike altındadır.

Türkiye'deki dağılımı
Dama dama dama alt türünün günümüzdeki yabani popülasyonlarının Türkiye'de yıl boyu görüldüğü iki alandan birisi Antalyadaki Termessos Milli Parkı ve Düzlerçamı Yaban Hayatı Geliştirme Sahasında, diğeri Mersin dir. Ayrıca çok az miktarda Bolu Dağlarında da bulunur.

Türkiye'de ilk defa av ve yaban hayatı çalışmaları Antalya Orman Bölge Müdürlüğüne bağlı Düzlerçamı bölgesinde 1966 yılında başlamıştır. Senelerce bilinçsiz ve acımasız sürdürülen avcılık nedeni ile nesilleri yok olma sınırına gelen ve sadece Türkiye'de Düzlerçamı'nda 7 baş kalan alageyikler koruma çalışmalarıyla 2010 yılında 300-400 başa ulaşmıştır. Düzlerçamı'ndan Türkiye'nin çeşitli yerlerine alageyik aktarılmaktadır. Bir asır önce alageyiklerin görüldüğü Dilek Yarımadası Milli Parkına günümüzde Antalya Düzlerçamı'ndaki 200 başlık popülasyondan bir kısmı aktarılmıştır.

Dama dama mesopotamica alt türü yalnızca Hakkâri'de ender olarak görülür.

Anatomi
Rengi yazın beyaz lekelerle süslü açık sarımsı kahve, kışın ise bir teviye grimsidir. Bütün hayvanın siyahımsı kahverengi olduğu zamanlar da vardır.

Vücut ölçüleri
Erkek alageyikler 140–160 cm uzunluğunda bir boya ve 90–100 cm omuz yüksekliğine sahiptir. Ağırlıkları 60–100 kg olur. Dişileri ise 130–150 cm uzunluğunda, 75–85 cm omuz yüksekliğinde ve 30–50 kg ağırlığındadır.

Boynuz
Geyikgiller familyasının diğer türlerinde ağaç gibi dendritik dallanma gösteren boynuzlar, tıpkı erkek sığınlarda (Alces alces) olduğu gibi erkek alageyiklerde (Dama dama) de el ayasına veya daha doğru bir tanımlama ile yaba ya benzeyen palmat biçimli kürek boynuzdur. Gençken dalsı olan boynuzları 3 yaşından sonra kürek boynuz olarak gelişir. Boynuzların ağırlığı 5–7 kg gelir.

Habitat
Ormanlık alanlar ve orman içi açıklıkları ana habitatıdır. Daha çok kapalı orman olarak adlandırılan ormanın iç kısımlarında bulunurlar. Çam ormanlarını tercih etmelerine karşılık yapraklı ormanları da kullanırlar. İyi birer tırmanıcı olmadıkları için sarp kayalıklarda görülmezler. Orman tabanında beslenmeyi ve dolaşmayı severler.

Davranış
Evcil ve yarı evcil popülasyonları doğal parklarda ve korunaklı avlaklarda kalabalık sürüler hâlinde bulunur. Antalya gibi gerçek yabani ortamlarında kalabalık sürü oluşturmazlar ve büyük bir erkeğe bağlı daha ufak sürüler hâlinde toplanırlar. Gündüzleri de sık çalıların arasında gizlenirler. Görme duyuları diğer geyik türlerine göre daha iyi gelişmiştir ve diğer geyiklerden farklı olarak alageyikler hareketsiz cisimleri de kolaylıkla görerek algılar ve değerlendiriler. Çabuk harekete geçerler. Koşmaya hazırlanırken kuyruklarını sallar, sonra geniş adımlarla tırıs tırıs koşuya geçerler; 1 metreden yüksek çitlerin üzerinden atlayabilirler. İhtiyatlı olan bu hayvanların izlerinin takip edilmesi kolay değil ve avlanması zordur.

Besin
Ana besinlerini otlar oluşturur. Ayrıca, ağaç sürgünleri, yapraklar ve çalılarla da beslenirler. Türkiye'de Antalya Düzlerçamında özel beslenme noktalarında kışın besin bulamadıkları için insanlar tarafından yemlenirler.

Üreme
Çiftleşme dönemi ekim ayındadır ve bir ay kadar sürer. Bu devrede erkek alageyiğin derin ve kalın homurtular veya havlamalardan oluşan çiftleşme çağırışı (böğürtü) 3 - 3,5 km uzaktan duyulabilir. Böğüreceği zaman boynunu ileri uzatır, normalden daha aşağı eğik başını da birden yukarı atar. Üreme dönemi dışında ise tehlike anında tiz çığlık şeklinde sesler çıkarırlar.

Dişiler Haziran ayında sürüden uzakta tenha bir yerde tek yavru doğururlar; ikiz yavru enderdir. Yavrular doğduklarında 30 cm boyunda ve 4,5 kg ağırlığında olur. Yavrusu kokusuz doğar ve diğer geyik türlerininkinden daha çabuk ayaklanır. İlk 15 dakika içerisinde ayağa kalkmayı, 1 saat içinde de koşmayı öğrenirler. Dişi alageyik yavrusuyla pek fazla ilgilenmez. Bir tehlike karşısında onu ya yanına alır ya da çalıların arasına gizledikten sonra bir daha arkasına bakmadan kaçar. Alageyikler tek erkek egemenli sürü (harem) oluşturdukları için erkek yavrular belli bir ergenliğe ulaştıklarında sürü dışında bırakılırlar.

İnsanlar Tarafından Götürüldüğü Yerler
Alageyik dünyanın pek çok yerine insanlar eliyle taşınmıştır. Alageyiğin doğal yayılım alanı Anadolu ve Batı İran'dır. Bunun dışında İtalya, Yunanistan ve Balkanların da muhtemel doğal yayılma alanı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bununla beraber, dünyanın pek çok yerinde alageyik popülasyonları mevcuttur.

Arjantin
Alageyik Arjantin'in Neuquén bölgesindeki Victoria Adası'na, milyarder Aaron Anchorena tarafından götürülmüştür. Ancheron, adanın yerli türleri olan Güney And geyiği ve pudu ile alageyik popülasyonunu karıştırarak avlanma imkânlarını geliştirme niyetindeydi. Günümüzde bu türlerin popülasyonu durağan bir görünüm arz etmektedir.

Britanya ve İrlanda
Alageyik Avrupa'ya Romalılar eliyle yayılmıştır. Yakın zamanlara kadar Birtanya'ya Normanlar tarafından asilzadelerin ormanlarında yetişmesi ve avlanması için götürüldüğü düşünülmekteydi. Bununla beraber son bulgular (Fishbourne Roman Palace) göstermektedir ki alageyik adaya Romalılar tarafından M.S. 1. yüzyılda götürülmüştür. Ancak Romalılar tarafından götürülen popülasyonun yaşayıp yaşamadığı, dolayısıyla günümüzdeki popülasyonun Normanlar tarafından götürülen popülasyon olup olmadığı kesin değildir.

Diğer Yerler
Yunanistan'ın Rodos adasında küçük bir alageyik popülasyonu mevcuttur. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Georgia,  Pensilvanya, Tennessee gibi eyaletlerinde değişen sayılarda alageyik sürüleri mevcuttur ve bunların erken 20. yüzyılda insanlar tarafından taşındığı bilinmektedir. Güney Afrika'ya da götürülmüş olan alageyik, Yeni Zelanda'ya 1860'tan sonra taşınmıştır.

Dipnotlar

Dış bağlantılar
 TRAMEM Türkiye'nin Anonim Memelilerti

Asgari endişe altındaki hayvanlar
Geyikgiller
Azerbaycan'daki memeliler
Türkiye'deki memeliler
Birleşik Krallık'taki memeliler
İran'daki memeliler
İrlanda'daki memeliler
Mauritius faunası
Réunion faunası
Carl Linnaeus tarafından adlandırılmış taksonlar

Alageyik


An Carex gibbsiae in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Alfred Barton Rendle. An Carex gibbsiae in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Fiji. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex gibbsiae


An Habenaria stenophylla in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Victor Samuel Summerhayes. An Habenaria stenophylla in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Tanzania. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria stenophylla


An Agropyron krylovianum in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Boris Konstantinovich Schischkin. An Agropyron krylovianum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Agropyron, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Agropyron

Agropyron krylovianum


Glenea bisbiguttata é uma espécie de escaravelho da família Cerambycidae. Foi descrita por Ritsema em 1892. É conhecida a sua existência na Indonésia.

Referências

Borneo catalog 2005

bisbiguttata
Coleópteros descritos em 1892

Glenea bisbiguttata


Das Damendoppel der French Open 1992 war ein Tenniswettbewerb in Paris.

Titelverteidigerinnen waren Gigi Fernández und Jana Novotná. Das Finale bestritten Gigi Fernández und Natallja Swerawa gegen Conchita Martínez und Arantxa Sánchez-Vicario, das Fernández und Swerawa in zwei Sätzen gewann.

Setzliste

Ergebnisse

Viertelfinale, Halbfinale, Finale

Obere Hälfte

Obere Hälfte 1

Obere Hälfte 2

Obere Hälfte 3

Obere Hälfte 4

Untere Hälfte

Untere Hälfte 1

Untere Hälfte 2

Untere Hälfte 3

Untere Hälfte 4

Weblinks

Damendoppel
1992

French Open 1992/Damendoppel


Eláti, en ,  est un village du dème de Sérvia, district régional de Kozáni, en Macédoine-Occidentale, Grèce.

Selon le recensement de 2011, la population du village s'élève à .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Village en Macédoine-Occidentale

Eláti (Kozáni)