California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona, CPP, or Cal Poly), is a public polytechnic university and Hispanic-serving institution partially in Pomona, California. It has the largest student body of the three polytechnic universities in the California State University system.

Cal Poly Pomona began as the southern campus of the California Polytechnic School (today known as Cal Poly San Luis Obispo) in 1938 when the Voorhis School for Boys and its adjacent farm in the city of San Dimas were donated by Charles Voorhis and his son Jerry Voorhis. Cal Poly's southern campus grew further in 1949 when it acquired the University of California, W.K. Kellogg Institute of Animal Husbandry from the University of California. UC's W.K. Kellogg Institute of Animal Husbandry was located in the neighboring city of Pomona, California and had previously belonged to Will Keith Kellogg. Cal Poly Pomona, then known as Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis, and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo continued operations under a unified administrative control until they became independent from one another in 1966.

Cal Poly Pomona currently offers bachelor's degrees in 94 majors, 39 master's degree programs, 13 teaching credentials, and a doctorate across 9 distinct academic colleges. The university is one among a small group of polytechnic universities in the United States which tend to be primarily devoted to the instruction of technical arts and applied sciences. Cal Poly, Pomona is an Hispanic-serving institution (HSI) and is eligible to be designated as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander serving institution (AANAPISI).

Its sports teams are known as the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos and play in the NCAA Division II as part of the California Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). The Broncos sponsor 10 varsity sports and have won 14 NCAA national championships. Current and former Cal Poly Pomona athletes have won 7 Olympic medals (3 gold, 1 silver, and 3 bronze).

History

Events leading to the foundation of present-day Cal Poly at Pomona began with the ending of the Voorhis School for Boys near Walnut Creek in San Dimas, California and its acquisition by the San Luis Obispo-based California Polytechnic School in 1938.

The California Polytechnic School was founded as a vocational high school when California Governor Henry Gage signed the Polytechnic School Bill on March 8, 1901, after its drafting by school founder Myron Angel. Voorhis School, on the other hand, had been established in 1928 as a private vocational school which provided elementary schooling for underprivileged boys and operated under the Christian religious principle, "education coupled with the Kingdom of God". Its founder Charles B. Voorhis and headmaster Jerry Voorhis maintained the school opened throughout the worst years of the Great Depression but persistent economic pressures forced them to transfer control to Cal Poly San Luis Obispo in 1938.

Voorhis School became the Cal Poly-Voorhis Unit and its educational offerings were raised to the same level as Cal Poly San Luis Obispo's, then a two-year college. The horticulture program was moved to the new satellite campus and the two units operated as one institution spanning two locations under the leadership of president Julian McPhee.

During World War II most of the student body was called to active military duty; enrollment declined and the campus closed in 1943. Reopening after the war, Cal Poly-Voorhis Unit operated in San Dimas until 1956 when it moved to Will Keith Kellogg's former horse ranch in the neighboring city of Pomona, California. Acknowledging its Kellogg legacy, Cal Poly-Voorhis Unit changed its name to Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis Unit and offered six programs in agriculture. The inaugural class of 1957 at the new campus consisted of 57 students graduating with bachelor's degrees in a ceremony held at the Rose Garden in Pomona and religious services at Voorhis Chapel in San Dimas. Also in 1957, Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis introduced the College of Engineering, the second academic unit after the College of Agriculture. The California Master Plan for Higher Education added the two Cal Poly campuses to the new California State College system in 1961 and Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis Unit opened its doors for the first time to 329 female students. President McPhee retired in 1966, and Cal Poly split into two different and independent universities. The partnership between the two campuses remains with their involvement in the annual Cal Poly Universities Rose Float.

To better reflect its new ties to the California State College system, Cal Poly Kellogg-Voorhis changed its name to "California State Polytechnic College, Kellogg-Voorhis" in 1966 and became the 16th campus to officially join the CSC system. Robert C. Kramer assumed presidency of the independent campus in 1966 (second overall as the university recognizes McPhee as its first) and California State Polytechnic College, Kellogg-Voorhis finally adopted its present-day name California State Polytechnic University, Pomona on June 1, 1972.

In 1998, Cal Poly Pomona received criticism when it planned to grant an honorary degree to Robert Mugabe.  Mugabe's negative humanitarian record as president of Zimbabwe lead to protests from staff, faculty and students, ultimately forcing the university to rescind the plan.

Cal Poly Pomona underwent further growth in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, with the construction of the CLA Building (demolished in 2022), academic facilities, expansion to the Cal Poly Pomona University Library and the addition of programs such as the Lyle Center for Regenerative Studies, the I-Poly High School and the U.R. Bronco undergraduate research program. Under then-president J. Michael Ortiz, Cal Poly Pomona launched its first comprehensive capital campaign in fall of 2008 to increase its permanent endowment. Nevertheless, the negative economic effects caused by the late-2000s recession resulted in increased student fees, reduced enrollment availability, eliminated two athletic programs and introduced a mandatory furlough calendar for most of its employees.

Name

The campus office of public affairs recognizes two official names for the university: "California State Polytechnic University, Pomona" and "Cal Poly Pomona". However, "Cal Poly" has also been used to refer to Cal Poly at Pomona, as both itself and California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo, California were one institution spanning two locations from 1938 to 1966. Cal Poly's office of public affairs recommends not to abbreviate the university's name merely as "Cal Poly". In the years when the University of California was in charge of Kellogg's donated estate in Pomona (1932–1943), the names "University of California, W.K. Kellogg Institute" and "W.K. Kellogg Institute of Animal Husbandry University of California, Pomona", came into use to describe the site. Although Cal Poly Pomona is now part of the California State University, its naming convention does not follow that of most campuses within the system (for example, the CSU campus in San Diego bears the full official name "San Diego State University" and the CSU campus in Fullerton uses the name "California State University, Fullerton"). "Pomona State University" and "California State University, Pomona" are seldom used and are not in the university's graphic standard's manual.

Former seals and logos

Campus

Cal Poly Pomona is located partially within the limits of Pomona, a largely suburban city that is part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. The city of Pomona is located in the eastern portion of Los Angeles County and borders the neighboring county of San Bernardino to the east. The university's  campus make it the second largest in the California State University system, a figure which includes various facilities scattered throughout Southern California such as a  ranch in Santa Paula, California,  campus at the former Spadra Landfill (now known as "Spadra Ranch"), and the Neutra VDL Studio and Residences in Silver Lake, Los Angeles. The university is currently negotiating the transfer of the 302 acre Lanterman Developmental Center from the State of California.  The land is to be used for academic purposes and expansion of the Innovation Village and also shared by the California Highway Patrol, the California Air Resources Board and the California Conservation Corps. The transfer of the land is part of the Governor's 2015–2016 Proposed Budget.

Although part of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, the university is in close proximity to two other large metropolitan and culturally-defined regions, the Inland Empire and Orange County. The university has a tier 1 area, defined as a geographical admissions region surrounding the campus, roughly bounded by the San Gabriel Mountains to the north, the city of Chino Hills to the south, Interstate 605 to the west, and Interstate 15 to the east. Cal Poly Pomona's campus buildings vary in age and style from the Mission Revival Kellogg Horse Stables and the Kellogg House (suggesting the Spanish colonial architectural heritage of Southern California) built in the 1920s; the modernist box-like portion of the library completed in 1969; to contemporary dormitories, engineering, science and library-expansion facilities completed in the early 21st century.

Leisure and recreational locations include a rose garden which dates back to the Kellogg horse ranch years; the Kellogg House designed by Los Angeles-based architects Charles Gibbs Adams, Myron Hunt and Harold Coulson Chambers in the 1920s; and a  Japanese garden built in 2003 and designed by Takeo Uesugi. Kellogg's House features grounds which were initially landscaped by Charles Gibbs Adams but were later completed by Florence Yoch & Lucile Council. Cal Poly Pomona's George and Sakaye Aratani Japanese Garden is one among three under management by institutions of higher education in the County of Los Angeles, the others being the Earl Burns Miller Japanese Garden at Cal State Long Beach, and the Shinwa-En Garden at Cal State Dominguez Hills. At the center of the campus and atop Horsehill are the buildings of the Collins College of Hospitality Management and Kellogg West, a hotel and conference center and home of the student/faculty-run Restaurant at Kellogg Ranch.

At the northwest part of the campus is the Voorhis Ecological Reserve, which serves as a  wildlife corridor containing Coastal Sage Scrub and Coast Live Oak trees among others. Contrasting some of these architecturally prominent facilities, there are various portable buildings on campus which are used to accommodate the growing enrollment of recent decades. Cal Poly Pomona operates the International Polytechnic High School, a college preparatory high school located on campus.

The letters "CPP" made of concrete are located on Colt Hill overlooking the campus. The letters "CP" were initially added in 1959, with the second "P" added in 2004 to distinguish it from the Cal Poly campus in San Luis Obispo.

Between 1993 and 2022, Cal Poly Pomona's dominant landmark was a futurist-styled administrative facility known as the CLA Building which was designed by Antoine Predock and opened in 1993. The building's peculiar shape (standing out by a triangular-shaped "skyroom" atop its eight-story tower) became a symbol of the university; in addition, its close location to film studios based in the Hollywood borough of Los Angeles have prompted its inclusion in motion pictures such as Gattaca and Impostor. In 2013, the California State University Board of Trustees voted to demolish the building and replace it with a new academic/faculty complex because of severe seismic risks, as determined when now reviewed in the context of more recent seismic research than was required by building codes at the time of its original design and building permit. Despite the fact that numerous other buildings on the CPP campus are much older, which brings into question their adequacy as they too sit on the same presumed fault line, only the CLA building was to be completely demolished by the end of summer 2022.

Noted modernist architect James Pulliam once served as campus architect and instructor and designed the Bookstore, W. Keith and Janet Kellogg Art Gallery, Interim Design Center (IDC) and Student Union building which architectural historian David Gebhard regarded as the best building on campus.

Academic and research facilities
The W. K. Kellogg Arabian Horse Center is an academic and research facility serving one of the 22 terms and conditions to the donation of the Kellogg ranch by maintaining Kellogg's purebred Arabian horses and their breeding program. Another academic facility highlighting the Kellogg legacy is the Horse Stables (also known as University Plaza) which contains a small research library specializing in equine studies along with offices for student services and various campus organizations.

Conceived in 1995 by then university president, Bob H. Suzuki, and initially financed by NASA and the Economic Development Administration, the Innovation Village is a  public/private partnership research and business facility at the southern edge of the campus. Major tenants include the American Red Cross, Southern California Edison, and the NASA Commercialization Center. The project is currently at the halfway mark of building and leasing  of the projected total building space. Once complete, it is estimated that the project would employ 2000 to 3000 people and provide half a billion dollars of economic benefits to the local, regional and state economies.

Campus sustainability and transportation

The university has actively sought to reduce carbon emissions and energy usage on campus. In November 2007, Cal Poly Pomona became a signatory member of the American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment. Among other things, this committed the university to ensure that within one year, it would purchase or produce at least 15% of the institution's electric consumption from renewable sources. The university, along with other members in the CSU, is also a member of the California Climate Action Registry. and lists on The Princeton Review's Guide to 375 Green Colleges. As a part of the campus' Climate Action Plan to reduce its carbon footprint, the campus offers incentive parking for students and faculty participating in its Rideshare program. The carpooling initiative gives users the opportunity to park in reserved spaces located closer to campus buildings.

Cal Poly Pomona's institute for sustainability education is the Lyle Center for Regenerative Studies. The center was built adjacent to an old landfill and conducts research in the areas of sustainable technology and agriculture. As an example of Cradle to Cradle Design, it uses solar-powered dormitories, aquaculture ponds, and organic gardens while providing environmentally-sustainable housing accommodation for 22 graduate students. In 2010, with the installation of a 210,000 kW hours CPV system by Amonix, the center became the first carbon neutral facility in the California State University system. The center is part of Agriscapes, a  research project that showcases environmental and agricultural sustainable practices including methods to grow food, conserve water and energy and recycle urban waste. Agriscapes is home of the Farm Store at Kellogg Ranch which sells locally and campus-grown foods and products. Cal Poly Pomona campus also contains a rainforest greenhouse, a California ethnobotany garden, and an aquatic biology center collectively known as BioTrek, which provides environmental education to all academic levels.

The entire campus community is served by a free campus shuttle system known as "Bronco Express". The shuttle system has 3 lines and is run by the office of Transportation Services. In addition, PTS also offers a shuttle service known as "Metrolink" which provides both students and faculty a direct connection from the Pomona North and Downtown Pomona Metrolink stations to the CLA Building.

Foothill Transit lines 190, 194, 195, 289, 480, 482, and 486 serve the campus daily while Silver Streak only serves weekdays from 7AM to 7:17PM and will be later expanded to 9PM.

Seismic risks and other challenges of campus development
Although it is believed that the San Jose Fault as indicated by USGS having a presumed period of 130,000 years runs through campus, and geotechnical investigations have been conducted, there is uncertainty regarding its precise type and location. The CLA Building has been said to suffer from "structural flaws" that do not seem to have been clearly publicized, except that they had been "most notably, water intrusion", which continues to be portrayed inaccurately as a "structural flaw". In 2005, the university filed a lawsuit against a contractor, for which it was compensated $13.3 million in an out-of-court settlement. Amid these concerns, in September 2010, CSU's board of trustees approved a proposal to have the building razed.

Hideo Sasaki's architectural firm, Sasaki Associates, Inc., found in the February 2010 master plan that the campus's seismic risk, uneven terrain, lack of parking spaces, small classrooms, and pedestrian-unfriendly roads are major constraints for future campus development. It also indicated the lack of identity, an undefined sense of arrival, and a desire to build a stronger on-campus community, among others, as recurrent themes among campus's users. Nonetheless, the firm highlights campus ethnic diversity, its location-climate, and the natural beauty of campus, among others, as positive aspects of the physical campus as well as the campus life experience. It may be appropriate for the CSU

Organization and administration

Cal Poly at Pomona is one of three polytechnics in the 23-member California State University system. The CSU system is governed by a 25-member board of trustees, including one faculty trustee, one alumni trustee, and two student trustees, and has authority over curricular development, campus planning, and fiscal management. The university system is currently governed by Chancellor Jolene Koester, who assumed the office on an interim basis in 2022.

The chief executive of the Cal Poly Pomona campus is President Soraya M. Coley.

Cal Poly Pomona is a member of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU)

University Educational Trust (UET)
The University Educational Trust (UET) was a 501 (c)(3) tax-exempt organization serving as a source of external fund-raising, funds-management and revenue-distribution at Cal Poly Pomona. According to meeting minutes from 2011, the "Cal Poly Pomona University Educational Trust (UET) Board of Directors, the Chancellor's Office and University Administration made the decision to dissolve the UET and transfer all of its net assets to the Cal Poly Pomona Foundation, Inc."

Endowment
Cal Poly Pomona financial endowment was valued at $85.6 million . In fall 2010, Cal Poly Pomona embarked on its first comprehensive fundraising campaign. Early major donors helped raise more than half of the campaign's goal of $150 million before its formal launch. They included an anonymous benefactor who pledged $12 million, and $2 million from 1980 alumni Mickey and Lee Segal. Just before the campaign launch, on July 26, 2010, the W. K. Kellogg Foundation awarded a $42 million challenge grant to the university to increase educational access to underrepresented communities, making it the largest cash gift in the history of the CSU system. On February 28, 2011, Panda Express founders Andrew and Peggy Cherng announced a $2.5 million pledge to Cal Poly Pomona's Collins College of Hospitality Management. The university expects that its permanent endowment at the conclusion of its first comprehensive campaign will top $100 million. On June 15, 2021, philanthropist MacKenzie Scott made a $40 million cash gift to Cal Poly Pomona, making it the largest donation or grant to Cal Poly Pomona given by an individual.

Academics

Cal Poly Pomona's academic offerings have evolved throughout the years. Prior to the ownership shift to Cal Poly SLO in 1938, the Voorhis School for Boys in San Dimas had been providing educational offerings in "music, bookkeeping, agriculture, library work, carpentry, nature study, machine shop, and printing" coupled with Christian religious fundamentals to an all-male student body with poor, underage boys. In 1938, the campus became the agricultural branch of Cal Poly SLO when a small staff was transfer from San Luis Obispo along with group of agricultural inspection students. Thus, Cal Poly at Pomona (then just Cal Poly) began offering Associate's degrees in 1938 and Bachelor's degrees in 1940 when, despite legislative opposition from pro-University of California members in Sacramento, president Julian McPhee asked allied members Armistead B. Carter and Daniel C. Murphy to introduce the bill when two opposing members were not present to vote. Following the governance breakup with the San Luis Obispo in 1966, and as outlined by the 1960 California Master Plan for Higher Education, Cal Poly Pomona continued "offer[ing] undergraduate and graduate instruction through the master's degree in the liberal arts and sciences and professional education, including teacher education." Currently, Cal Poly Pomona promotes a "learn by doing" philosophy, where an essential part of the curriculum is hands-on application of knowledge.

Merriam-Webster mentions that "polytechnic", a word first known to have been used in 1798, is derived from the French polytechnique which contains the Greek-roots "poly" (English:many) and "technē" (art). Thus, Merriam-Webster defines "polytechnic" as, "relating to or devoted to instruction in many technical arts or applied sciences". Cal Poly Pomona's polytechnic approach, and learn-by-doing philosophy, encourages students in all programs to get real-world experience and skills necessary to join the workforce upon graduation.

In addition, the university is among six other institutions of higher education in California that have been designated a "Center of Academic Excellence" by the Department of Homeland Security and the National Security Agency (NSA). While all majors are encouraged to participate in co-op opportunities and internships, all students must do a senior research project.

The  Cal Poly Pomona University Library serves "as the central intellectual and cultural resource of the campus community" and contains 2.4 million items and serves as an important center for academic research. Built in 1969 for $4.2 million, the library underwent a major renovation and expansion completed in the summer of 2008 at a cost of over $46 million. The library participates in the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) Enhance program which allows it to correct or add information to bibliographic records in WorldCat.

Distinctions
The university boasts many nationally acclaimed academic colleges and programs. With approximately 5,000 students, its college of Engineering is the second largest in the California State University system. The university has the largest Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, and Construction Engineering programs in the CSU, and is the only campus to offer an Engineering Technology focus.

Just behind Cal State Fullerton, the university has the second largest Business Administration major in the CSU with nearly 5,000 students. Its Hospitality program is the largest in the CSU and one of the largest in all of the US, with approximately 1,000 students enrolled. Overall, the university holds the fourth largest business college in the CSU.

Rankings

According to U.S. News & World Reports 2024 "Best Regional Universities West Rankings," Cal Poly Pomona is ranked 3rd in the western United States for regional public schools whose highest degree is a Master's, 2nd in Top Public Schools, 4th for Most Innovative School, 6 in Best Undergraduate Teaching, 4 in Top Performers on Social Mobility (tie) and 25 in Best Value School. The same report ranked the College of Engineering for 9th out of undergraduate engineering schools in the U.S. where doctorates are not offered, with national program rankings of:

Computer Engineering: 2nd
Civil Engineering: 4th
Aerospace Engineering: 5th
Electrical Engineering: 3rd
Mechanical Engineering: 3rd

According to U.S. News & World Report'''s 2022 "Best Regional Universities West Rankings," Cal Poly Pomona is ranked 14th in the western United States for regional public schools whose highest degree is a Master's, 3rd in Top Public Schools, 3rd for Most Innovative School, 6 in Best Undergraduate Teaching (tie), 7 in Top Performers on Social Mobility (tie) and 37 in Best Value School. The same report ranked the College of Engineering tied for 11th out of undergraduate engineering schools in the U.S. where doctorates are not offered, with national program rankings of:

Civil Engineering: 4th
Computer Engineering: 3rd
Electrical Engineering: 4th (tied)
Mechanical Engineering: 9th

According to U.S. News & World Reports 2021 "Best Regional Universities West Rankings," Cal Poly Pomona is ranked 2nd in the western United States for regional public schools whose highest degree is a Master's, 3rd for Most Innovative School, and tied for 10th overall (including private schools). The same report ranked the College of Engineering tied for 11th out of undergraduate engineering schools in the U.S. where doctorates are not offered, with national program rankings of:

Aerospace Engineering: 3rd (tied)
Civil Engineering: 6th
Computer Engineering: 4th (tied)
Electrical Engineering: 8th (tied)
Industrial Engineering: 2nd
Mechanical Engineering: 8thMoney Magazine ranked Cal Poly Pomona 15th in the country out of more than 700 schools it evaluated for its 2020 Best Colleges ranking. The Daily Beast ranked Cal Poly Pomona 159th in the country out of the nearly 2000 schools it evaluated for its 2014 Best Colleges ranking.

In Forbes magazine's 2019 list of "America's Best Colleges", Cal Poly Pomona was ranked number 273 among the 650 best public and private colleges and universities in the nation.  In the 2012 "PayScale College Salary Report" conducted by PayScale of bachelor's graduates without higher degrees, Cal Poly Pomona ranked 19th among public universities in the country with a starting median salary of $46,800 and a mid-career median salary of $93,000. This places Cal Poly Pomona the fourth highest in California and the second highest in the CSU, while besting every UC with the exception of Berkeley and San Diego.

In December 2014 Kiplinger ranked Cal Poly Pomona 94th out of the top 100 best-value public schools in the nation, and 11th in California. Furthermore, Cal Poly Pomona is considered one of the top investments for educational value, with a 2013 net 30-year return on investment (ROI) of $917,100 according to PayScale. This ROI is the third highest in the CSU and 113th highest of the 1,511 US colleges and universities that were ranked, besting most UC campuses.

Admissions
Fall Enrolled Freshman Statistics (Fall 2022-Fall 2011)

The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and U.S. News & World Report describe Cal Poly Pomona's admissions process as "selective".  The CSU system lists Cal Poly Pomona among 16 of its institutions with higher admission standards for first-time freshmen. For the Fall of 2016 there were 32,917 first-time, first year applicants: 19,474 were admitted (51.9%) and 4,204 enrolled (an admissions yield of 21.6%).  The middle 50% range of SAT scores was 440-560 for reading and 460–600 for math, while the middle 50% ACT Composite range was 20–27. Of the enrolled freshmen, 25.6% had a high school GPA of 3.75 or higher, while the average GPA was 3.45.

Freshmen applicants who graduate high school outside Cal Poly Pomona's Tier 1 area (known as Tier 2 applicants) are rank ordered by eligibility index and granted admission based on a year-specific cutoff score. Since academic year 2010–2011, Tier 1 applicants may no longer be guaranteed admissions based on the CSU Eligibility Index and may be subject to similar criteria as Tier 2 applicants.

Demographics

Cal Poly Pomona is an ethnically and culturally diverse university, self-described as "Champions of Diversity", College Prowler states that "Cal Poly is the melting pot of the Cal States".
As of 2018 Cal Poly Pomona has the third largest enrollment percentage of Asian Americans in the Cal State System.

Cal Poly Pomona has over 1,000 visa-bearing international students.

Impaction
During the fall admissions filing period, the CSU designates academic programs where more applications are received than can be accommodated by the campus, and designates them as "impacted". At Cal Poly Pomona, impacted academic programs include: Animal Health Science, Animal Science, Aerospace Engineering, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Computer Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Architecture, Psychology, Sociology, Communication, Biology, Biotechnology, and undeclared programs. As such, applicants are rank ordered by eligibility index regardless of local admissions area and are accepted as space permits. Cal Poly Pomona students who wish to change majors to an impacted program must meet supplemental requirements required for that major. Requesting a change to an impacted major must be received by the end of the initial filing period for the term for which new majors are being accepted (i.e. By February 28, 2010, for summer 2011; November 30, 2010 for fall 2011; June 30, 2011 for winter 2012; or August 31, 2011 for spring 2012).

Student life

Housing

With an on-campus housing capacity of 3,519 students, Cal Poly Pomona has the fifth largest housing system in the California State University. In 2016, 39% of first-year students and 10% of all students live in college housing.

There are three residential styles on the Pomona campus. The oldest housing facilities consist of six residential halls, known as the Traditional Halls, located on University Drive. The four older red-brick halls are named Alamitos, Aliso, Encinitas, and Montecito, each providing accommodation for up to 212 residents.  The other two housing halls (Cedritos and Palmitas), were the result of a 1968 development and each has room to accommodate up to 185 residents. These two halls were described as eligible for the California Historic Register as "a significant example of the work of highly noted Southern California architectural firm, Smith and Williams".

Newer residential complexes include the University Village and the Suites which offer apartment-style living to non-freshman students. The Residence Halls, Traditional Halls, and the Suites are managed by the Division of Student Affairs, whereas the University Village is managed by the Cal Poly Pomona Foundation. Phase I of the construction of the Suites, housing 420 students, was completed in 2004 and Phase II, housing 622 students, opened in 2010.

In an effort to reduce commuting and raise academic performance and retention, starting with the 2010–2011 academic year, freshmen from outside the Tier 1 Local Admissions area (the area roughly bounded by the San Gabriel Mountains and Chino Hills to the north and south and the 15 and 605 freeways to the east and west), will be required to live on campus.

Currently, there have been ongoing efforts to grow the residential community on campus. In 2017, construction began on two new residential halls (Sicomoro and Secoya) along with a new dining hall (Centerpointe Dining Commons), which are intended to replace the aging and seismically unfit residential community along University Drive. The new Residence Halls opened to select first-year residents in January 2020. The Residence Halls can house 980 residents and are only open to first-year students.

Bronco Student Center

The Bronco Student Center is a student activity center for meetings, conferences, meals, recreation, and shopping for students and alumni on the campus of Cal Poly Pomona in Pomona, California. This is where ASI student government offices are located, as well as other various student run departments like facilities and operations, Recreation, Programming and Marketing (RPM), Business Services, Games Room Etc. (GRE).

LGBT-Friendly campus
According to the Advocate College Guide for LGBT Students, Cal Poly Pomona is one of the nation's best campuses for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender students. The university offers gender-neutral housing, a pride center for LGBT students, the club oSTEM (out in STEM) and Pride Alliance for faculty and staff members.

Campus media
Campus events are covered by the student newspaper, the Poly Post. The Bronco Sports Show is a quarterly television broadcast capturing the highlights and statistics from Bronco Athletics along with other featured events around the campus. PolyCentric'' is the university's official online magazine. PolyCentric features news, announcements of campus events, spotlights on various departments, and resources for faculty and staff. A web site also provides a comprehensive archival search for past articles and photos.

Bronco Pep Band

The Bronco Pep Band is a student-run band at Cal Poly Pomona. The band is a group within the athletic department. It follows the tradition of other student-run bands in the sense that it focuses on its members' individuality. The band attends athletic events during the year to encourage the school's athletic teams and audience support/involvement. The pep band is entirely voluntary and all students at Cal Poly Pomona or anyone else in the area are free to join.

Greek life
Greek Life at Cal Poly Pomona consists of 16 fraternities and 11 sororities governed by the Greek Council. From the total male undergraduate population, 2% are enrolled in fraternities and 1% of women in sororities respectively. In 2005, Lambda Phi Epsilon pledge Kenny Luong died from injuries suffered during a brutal football game between members of the fraternity and those pledging to join it.

Rose Parade float

Cal Poly Pomona together with Cal Poly San Luis Obispo has participated in the Tournament of Roses parade since 1949; winning the Award of Merit in their first year. From 1949 to 2005, the floats have won 44 awards. This joint program is one of the longest consecutive running self-built entries in the parade, as well as the only "self built" floats designed and constructed entirely by students year-round on both campuses. The Rose Float tradition continues today and marks the partnership between the two Cal Poly campuses.

Athletics

Voorhis Vikings
Before the university moved from San Dimas to Pomona, the college had a handful of athletic teams named the "Voorhis Vikings". They were composed mostly of homeless and orphaned boys of all races who were cared for at the Voorhis School during the ten-year period it operated. Despite this historical background, the university's current athletic programs are named the Broncos.

Cal Poly Pomona Broncos
Cal Poly Pomona varsity teams compete in the California Collegiate Athletic Association of NCAA Division II. Teams are known as the Cal Poly Pomona Broncos and field 10 sports for men and women for the fall, winter, and spring quarters. Cal Poly Pomona's most recent national championship came in 2010 Division II basketball tournament when the university's men's basketball team defeated Indiana University of Pennsylvania 65–53 in the title game.  The Broncos are currently the most successful program in the CCAA having achieved 60 CCAA and 14 NCAA National Championships. University athletes have also claimed individual championships in women's tennis (1980, 1981, 1991, and 1992). Besides being located in close proximity to each other, Cal State LA and Cal Poly Pomona have competed heavily as conference rivals. The Broncos excels in Women's basketball in the California Collegiate Athletic Association.

Team national championships for the Broncos include the following:
Baseball: 1976, 1980, 1983
Men's cross country: 1983
Men's basketball: 2010
Women's basketball: 1982, 1985, 1986, 2001, 2002

Notable people

See also

California Master Plan for Higher Education

Notes

References

Sources

External links

 Official website
 Cal Poly Athletics website

Pomona
California State Polytechnic University, Pomona
Education in Pomona, California
Technological universities in the United States
Universities and colleges in Los Angeles County, California
Schools accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges
Universities and colleges established in 1938
1938 establishments in California
Buildings and structures in Pomona, California
Pomona, California


A delimiter is a sequence of one or more characters for specifying the boundary between separate, independent regions in plain text, mathematical expressions or other data streams. An example of a delimiter is the comma character, which acts as a field delimiter in a sequence of comma-separated values. Another example of a delimiter is the time gap used to separate letters and words in the transmission of Morse code.

In mathematics, delimiters are often used to specify the scope of an operation, and can occur both as isolated symbols (e.g., colon in "") and as a pair of opposing-looking symbols (e.g., angled brackets in ).

Delimiters represent one of various means of specifying boundaries in a data stream. Declarative notation, for example, is an alternate method that uses a length field at the start of a data stream to specify the number of characters that the data stream contains.

Overview
Delimiters may be characterized as field and record delimiters, or as bracket delimiters.

Field and record delimiters
Field delimiters separate data fields. Record delimiters separate groups of fields.

For example, the CSV format uses a comma as the delimiter between fields, and an end-of-line indicator as the delimiter between records:
fname,lname,age,salary
nancy,davolio,33,$30000
erin,borakova,28,$25250
tony,raphael,35,$28700
This specifies a simple flat file database table using the CSV file format.

Bracket delimiters
Bracket delimiters, also called block delimiters, region delimiters, or balanced delimiters, mark both the start and end of a region of text.

Common examples of bracket delimiters include:

Conventions
Historically, computing platforms have used certain delimiters by convention. The following tables depict a few examples for comparison.

Programming languages
(See also, Comparison of programming languages (syntax)).

Field and Record delimiters (See also, ASCII, Control character).

Delimiter collision
Delimiter collision is a problem that occurs when an author or programmer introduces delimiters into text without actually intending them to be interpreted as boundaries between separate regions. In the case of XML, for example, this can occur whenever an author attempts to specify an angle bracket character.

In most file types there is both a field delimiter and a record delimiter, both of which are subject to collision. In the case of comma-separated values files, for example, field collision can occur whenever an author attempts to include a comma as part of a field value (e.g., salary = "$30,000"), and record delimiter collision would occur whenever a field contained multiple lines. Both record and field delimiter collision occur frequently in text files.

In some contexts, a malicious user or attacker may seek to exploit this problem intentionally. Consequently, delimiter collision can be the source of security vulnerabilities and exploits. Malicious users can take advantage of delimiter collision in languages such as SQL and HTML to deploy such well-known attacks as SQL injection and cross-site scripting, respectively.

Solutions
Because delimiter collision is a very common problem, various methods for avoiding it have been invented. Some authors may attempt to avoid the problem by choosing a delimiter character (or sequence of characters) that is not likely to appear in the data stream itself. This ad hoc approach may be suitable, but it necessarily depends on a correct guess of what will appear in the data stream, and offers no security against malicious collisions. Other, more formal conventions are therefore applied as well.

ASCII delimited text
The ASCII and Unicode character sets were designed to solve this problem by the provision of non-printing characters that can be used as delimiters. These are the range from ASCII 28 to 31.

The use of ASCII 31 Unit separator as a field separator and ASCII 30 Record separator solves the problem of both field and record delimiters that appear in a text data stream.

Escape character
One method for avoiding delimiter collision is to use escape characters. From a language design standpoint, these are adequate, but they have drawbacks:

 text can be rendered unreadable when littered with numerous escape characters, a problem referred to as leaning toothpick syndrome (due to use of \ to escape / in Perl regular expressions, leading to sequences such as "\/\/");
 text becomes difficult to parse through regular expression
 they require a mechanism to "escape the escapes" when not intended as escape characters; and
 although easy to type, they can be cryptic to someone unfamiliar with the language.
 they do not protect against injection attacks

Escape sequence
Escape sequences are similar to escape characters, except they usually consist of some kind of mnemonic instead of just a single character. One use is in string literals that include a doublequote (") character. For example in Perl, the code:

print "Nancy said \x22Hello World!\x22 to the crowd.";  ### use \x22

produces the same output as:

print "Nancy said \"Hello World!\" to the crowd.";      ### use escape char

One drawback of escape sequences, when used by people, is the need to memorize the codes that represent individual characters (see also: character entity reference, numeric character reference).

Dual quoting delimiters
In contrast to escape sequences and escape characters, dual delimiters provide yet another way to avoid delimiter collision. Some languages, for example, allow the use of either a single quote (') or a double quote (") to specify a string literal. For example, in Perl:

print 'Nancy said "Hello World!" to the crowd.';

produces the desired output without requiring escapes. This approach, however, only works when the string does not contain both types of quotation marks.

Padding quoting delimiters
In contrast to escape sequences and escape characters, padding delimiters provide yet another way to avoid delimiter collision. Visual Basic, for example, uses double quotes as delimiters. This is similar to escaping the delimiter.

print "Nancy said ""Hello World!"" to the crowd."

produces the desired output without requiring escapes. Like regular escaping it can, however, become confusing when many quotes are used.
The code to print the above source code would look more confusing:

print "print ""Nancy said """"Hello World!"""" to the crowd."""

Configurable alternative quoting delimiters
In contrast to dual delimiters, multiple delimiters are even more flexible for avoiding delimiter collision.

For example, in Perl:
print qq^Nancy doesn't want to say "Hello World!" anymore.^;
print qq@Nancy doesn't want to say "Hello World!" anymore.@;
print qq(Nancy doesn't want to say "Hello World!" anymore.);
all produce the desired output through use of quote operators, which allow any convenient character to act as a delimiter. Although this method is more flexible, few languages support it. Perl and Ruby are two that do.

Content boundary
A content boundary is a special type of delimiter that is specifically designed to resist delimiter collision. It works by allowing the author to specify a sequence of characters that is guaranteed to always indicate a boundary between parts in a multi-part message, with no other possible interpretation.

The delimiter is frequently generated from a random sequence of characters that is statistically improbable to occur in the content. This may be followed by an identifying mark such as a UUID, a timestamp, or some other distinguishing mark. Alternatively, the content may be scanned to guarantee that a delimiter does not appear in the text. This may allow the delimiter to be shorter or simpler, and increase the human readability of the document. (See e.g., MIME, Here documents).

Whitespace or indentation
Some programming and computer languages allow the use of whitespace delimiters or indentation as a means of specifying boundaries between independent regions in text.

Regular expression syntax

In specifying a regular expression, alternate delimiters may also be used to simplify the syntax for match and substitution operations in Perl.

For example, a simple match operation may be specified in Perl with the following syntax:

$string1 = 'Nancy said "Hello World!" to the crowd.';    # specify a target string
print $string1 =~ m/[aeiou]+/;                           # match one or more vowels

The syntax is flexible enough to specify match operations with alternate delimiters, making it easy to avoid delimiter collision:

$string1 = 'Nancy said "http://Hello/World.htm" is not a valid address.'; # target string

print $string1 =~ m@http://@;       # match using alternate regular expression delimiter
print $string1 =~ m{http://};       # same as previous, but different delimiter
print $string1 =~ m!http://!;       # same as previous, but different delimiter.

Here document
A Here document allows the inclusion of arbitrary content by describing a special end sequence. Many languages support this including PHP, bash scripts, ruby and perl. A here document starts by describing what the end sequence will be and continues until that sequence is seen at the start of a new line.

Here is an example in perl:

print <<ENDOFHEREDOC;
It's very hard to encode a string with "certain characters".

Newlines, commas, and other characters can cause delimiter collisions.
ENDOFHEREDOC

This code would print:
It's very hard to encode a string with "certain characters".

Newlines, commas, and other characters can cause delimiter collisions.
By using a special end sequence all manner of characters are allowed in the string.

ASCII armor
Although principally used as a mechanism for text encoding of binary data,
ASCII armoring is a programming and systems administration technique that also helps to avoid delimiter collision in some circumstances. This technique is contrasted from the other approaches described above because it is more complicated, and therefore not suitable for small applications and simple data storage formats. The technique employs a special encoding scheme, such as base64, to ensure that delimiter or other significant characters do not appear in transmitted data. The purpose is to prevent multilayered escaping, i.e. for doublequotes.

This technique is used, for example, in Microsoft's ASP.NET web development technology, and is closely associated with the "VIEWSTATE" component of that system.

Example
The following simplified example demonstrates how this technique works in practice.

The first code fragment shows a simple HTML tag in which the VIEWSTATE value contains characters that are incompatible with the delimiters of the HTML tag itself:

<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" value="BookTitle:Nancy doesn't say "Hello World!" anymore." />

This first code fragment is not well-formed, and would therefore not work properly in a "real world" deployed system.

To store arbitrary text in an HTML attribute, HTML entities can be used. In this case """ stands in for the double-quote:

<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" value="BookTitle:Nancy doesn't say "Hello World!" anymore." />

Alternatively, any encoding could be used that doesn't include characters that have special meaning in the context, such as base64:

<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" value="Qm9va1RpdGxlOk5hbmN5IGRvZXNuJ3Qgc2F5ICJIZWxsbyBXb3JsZCEiIGFueW1vcmUu" />

Or percent-encoding:

<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" value="BookTitle:Nancy%20doesn%27t%20say%20%22Hello%20World!%22%20anymore." />

This prevents delimiter collision and ensures that incompatible characters will not appear inside the HTML code, regardless of what characters appear in the original (decoded) text.

See also
 CDATA
 Decimal separator
 Delimiter-separated values
 Escape sequence
 String literal
 Tab-separated values

References

External links
 Data File Metaformats from The Art of Unix Programming by Eric Steven Raymond
 What is delimiter by Margaret Rouse.

Markup languages
Pattern matching
Programming constructs
String (computer science)

Delimiter


Kornelija Horvat (Koprivnica, 22. prosinca 1886. - Hvar, 3. siječnja 1944.) - hrvatska katolička redovnica, sestra milosrdnica, žrtva jugoslavenskog komunističkog režima. Pokrenut je postupak beatifikacije s. Kornelije, zajedno s još šest susestara koje su bile žrtve mučeništva.

Rođena je kao Armina Horvat u Koprivnici 22. prosinca 1886. Roditelji joj potječu iz Gornje Rijeke kod Križevaca. U Družbu sestara milosrdnica sv. Vinka Paulskoga stupila je 1925. godine. Kornelija joj je redovničko ime. Prva joj je služba bila u dječjem vrtiću u Daruvaru od 1926. do 1927. godine. Poslije je premještena u Jelsu na otoku Hvaru 1927. godine, gdje je također bila učiteljica u vrtiću do kraja 1943. godine.

Zajedno s još šest građana, među kojima je bio i župnik don Jakov Račić, presudom Vojnog suda pri Komandi Srednjodalmatinskog otočnog područja osuđena je na smrtnu kaznu. Jedno je vrijeme bila zatočena u gradu Hvaru, u jednoj zgradi na Trgu sv. Stjepana, tek nekoliko desetaka metara od katedrale. Tamo su partizani običavali dovoziti svoje žrtve i odatle ih noću odvoditi na stratište. Partizanska straža izvršila je nad njom na hvarskom groblju smrtnu kaznu strijeljanjem 3. siječnja 1944. godine. Hvarski župnik i generalni vikar don Joško Šantić i Marinko Jurić Peretov pokrenuli su zahtjev za rehabilitaciju stradalnika 2003. godine.

U Jelsi u ulici Put Gospe postavljena joj je spomen-ploča 2014. godine na kući u kojoj je živjela, povodom 70. godišnjice njezine tragične smrti.

U Gospiću je gospićko-senjski biskup Zdenko Križić na 72. godišnjicu mučeničke smrti sestre Žarke Ivasić svečano otvorio postupak beatifikacije ili proglašenja mučeništva službenica Božjih sestre Žarke Ivasić i šest susestara mučenica (s. M. Kornelije Horvat, s. Lipharde Horvat, s. Geralde Jakob, s. Konstantine Mesar, s. Trofime Miloslavić i s. Blande Stipetić) iz Družbe sestara milosrdnica svetog Vinka Paulskoga – Zagreb, koje su stradale od komunističkog režima iz mržnje prema vjeri.

Izvori

Hrvatske katoličke redovnice
Žrtve partizanskih progona katoličkih svećenika u Drugom svjetskom ratu i poraću
Životopisi, Koprivnica
Životopisi, Jelsa

Kornelija Horvat


École Centrale de Paris er et fransk ingeniør-institut tilknyttet Université Paris-Saclay.

Instituttet blev oprettet i 1829 (École centrale des arts et manufactures) og har i dag omkring 2000 studerende.

Berømte kandidat
 Gustave Eiffel, fransk ingeniør og arkitekt og er mest kendt for at have skabt Eiffeltårnet i Paris

Noter

Uddannelsesinstitutioner i Frankrig
Tekniske universiteter

École Centrale de Paris


Marc VII d'Alexandrie (Copte) (mort le ) est le  patriarche copte d'Alexandrie.

Biographie
Originaire de la ville de Klosna, dans le district d'El-Bahnasa il nait sous le nom de Siméon et il entre au monastère  Saint-Antoine très jeune. Il y demeure un moment avant de rejoindre le  Monastère de Saint-Paul sur le mont Nimra, où il devient moine et est ensuite ordonné prêtre. Quand le Pape Jean ou Yoannis XVII (le  Patriarche) meurt, il est choisi pour lui succéder. Il doit quitter son monastère pour être consacré Patriarche le dimanche,  jour de Bashans, 1461 A.M. ( A.D.) c'est-à-dire le jour de l'Entrée de Notre seigneur Jésus Christ en Égypte.

À la fin de son patriarcat, il procède à l'ordination d'Abba Pierre, commne Métropolitain de Haute-Égypte afin qu'il conduise et protège les fidèles de la région. Au cours des derniers temps de la vie du Patriarche, Abouna Yohannes XIV, Métropolitain de l'église orthodoxe d'Éthiopie (vers 1747-1769) meurt. Une délégation envoyée par l'Empereur d'Éthiopie  se présente au Pape Marc VII pour lui demander de consacrer un nouveau Métropolitain (Abouna). Le Pape ordonne Abouna Yousab III , six mois avant sa mort, et Abouna Yousab III ne quitte l'Égypte pour occuper son siège en Éthiopie (vers 1770-1803) qu'après la mort du Pape Marc

Le  jour de Bashans de l'année 1485 A.M. ( A.D.), le Pape Marc VII, le  Patriarche d'Alexandrie, meurt alors qu'il résidait dans l'église de Vierge, dans le monastère connu sous le nom d'Adawiyya, à El-Maadi près du Caire. Il avait été le contemporain des Sultans ottomans Mahmoud , Osman III, et Moustafa III. Avant de mourir il aurait eu la vision de  saint Antoine le Grand et de saint Paul à la seconde heure du jeudi. L'église célébrait alors la fête de saint Demiana, la commémoration de l'Archange Michel, et la mort de saint Jean-Chrysostome. Immédiatement après sa mort son corps est transporté par bateau au monastère de Saint-Georges, et placé dans le couvent sous la châsse du saint. Le vendredi,  jour de Bashans, le Métropolitain Yousab d'Ethiopie, Abba Pierre évêque de Haute-Égypte, et tous les archiprêtres, prêtres, diacres et chef laïcs  lavent le visage du défunt Patriarche, ses mains et ses pieds avec de l'eau de rose. Ils préparent des épices précieux, le vêtent de ses habits sacerdotaux et le placent dans un cercueil. Ils le portent en procession jusqu'à l'église du monastère Saint-Mercure (Abu Saifain), où ils prient pour lui avant de l'inhumer dans le tombeau des Patriarches. Il avait occupé le siège patriarcal pendant 23 années, 11 mois et 18 jours. Le siège restera vacant 5 mois et 5 jours après sa mort.

Notes et références

Liens externes

  The Departure of Pope Mark the Seventh, the 106th. Patriarch of Alexandria.

Patriarche d'Alexandrie
Décès en 1769
Pape copte orthodoxe du XVIIIe siècle

Marc VII d'Alexandrie (Copte)


White Oleander is a 1999 novel by American author Janet Fitch. The novel, dealing with themes of motherhood, tells the story of a girl named Astrid who is separated from her mother, Ingrid, and placed in a series of foster homes. It was chosen for Oprah's Book Club in May 1999, after which it became a national bestseller and adapted into a 2002 film.

Plot summary
Astrid Magnussen is a 12-year-old girl living in Los Angeles, California with her mother, Ingrid Magnussen, a self-centered and eccentric poet. Astrid's father, Klaus Anders, left before Astrid was old enough to remember him. Ingrid begins dating a man named Barry. Eventually, Ingrid discovers that Barry is cheating on her with younger women, so she breaks into Barry's house and poisons him with a mixture of DMSO and oleander sap. Barry dies, and Ingrid is charged with his murder. Sentenced to life in prison, she promises her daughter that she will come back. Astrid is shuffled from one foster home to another for years. First, she joins Starr, a former stripper, and recovering drug addict and alcoholic. Starr has two children of her own, as well as two other foster children. Astrid (who is 14 by this time) has a sexual relationship with Starr's live-in boyfriend, Ray. As his interest in Starr diminishes, Starr relapses. One night, after confronting Ray over his relationship with Astrid (out of jealousy and not concern), Starr shoots Astrid with a .38. Astrid is hospitalized for a few weeks, at which time she begins abusing the prescription drug Demerol.

After recovery Astrid is sent to live with Ed and Marvel Turlock, and their two small children, essentially as an unpaid babysitter. Astrid dislikes the couple, partially due to her dislike of the house, and partially due to Marvel's tendency to make racist statements about minorities, particularly their next-door neighbor, a beautiful African-American sex worker named Olivia Johnstone, whom Astrid befriends. Astrid admires Olivia's beauty, wealth, and hedonistic lifestyle. The Turlocks send Astrid away when they discover she associates with Olivia. Next, Astrid is sent to the home of a Hispanic woman named Amelia Ramos. Despite her wealth, Amelia starves her foster children, and Astrid resorts to eating from the garbage at school. Astrid eventually gets a new caseworker who finds her a new placement. A former actress, Claire Richards, and her husband, Ron, are Astrid's next foster parents. Claire ensures Astrid's comfort. For once, Astrid is doing well in school and pursuing art. Astrid continues corresponding with Ingrid in prison but becomes increasingly bitter towards her mother. Meanwhile, Claire suspects that Ron is having an affair. Claire, emotionally disturbed, commits suicide by overdosing.

Astrid, now 17, is placed in MacLaren Children's Center (known as "Mac") where she meets an artistic boy named Paul Trout. They bond, but Paul is sent to a group home and Astrid leaves for a new foster parent. Astrid's final home is with Russian immigrant Rena Grushenka. Astrid, still underage, has a sexual relationship with Rena's boyfriend, Sergei. One day, after getting high on LSD, Astrid begins to have memories of a woman named Annie. Meanwhile, Ingrid and her lawyer begin to build a case to get Ingrid released from prison. However, their case depends on Astrid: if she testifies that Ingrid did not murder Barry, Ingrid will likely not be sentenced. Astrid realizes that she is in a position of power over her mother and asks Ingrid who Annie is. Ingrid reveals that Annie was a babysitter with whom Ingrid left Astrid for over a year. Astrid is upset and gives Ingrid a choice: to have her testify or to see her daughter return to the person her mother knew her as. Ingrid makes the choice not to ask Astrid to lie for her. Two years later, Astrid is 20 and living with Paul in a rundown flat in Berlin. Astrid spends her time buying suitcases and transforming them into individual art pieces representing her different foster homes. Ingrid is released from prison after a new trial acquits her. Astrid realizes that if she returns to California to reunite with Ingrid, she must abandon Paul. She chooses to stay with him but longs to go.

Major characters
Astrid Magnussen: the main character, she is twelve years old when the novel opens. Artistic, shy and in the sway of her manipulative mother. The novel depicts her loss of naivety, sexual awakening, and attempts at self-definition.

Ingrid Magnussen: Astrid's manipulative mother, who is jailed early in the novel for her murder of her lover Barry. When with Astrid, she often forgets she has a daughter and focuses on her eclectic art. Later, she attempts to control Astrid from jail.

Starr: Astrid's first foster mother, she is a former stripper turned outspoken Christian. She is recovering from alcoholism and drug use and lives in a trailer with her children. She first shows kindness to Astrid but later grows jealous of Astrid's relationship with Ray.

'Uncle' Ray: Starr's boyfriend, whose children call him "Uncle Ray." A seemingly kind mechanic, he begins a sexual relationship with Astrid who is, at the time, 14. Thus the relationship is an example of sexual predation.

Olivia Johnstone: An African-American high-class sex worker Astrid befriends while living with her second foster family, the Turlocks. Olivia introduces Astrid to a luxurious, hedonistic lifestyle.

Claire Richards: Astrid's fourth foster mother, who notices Astrid's artistic talent and encourages her to pursue school. Claire has a weak relationship with her husband, poor self-esteem, and commits suicide after encouragement from Ingrid.

Paul Trout: An artistic boy Astrid meets while staying at MacLaren Children's Center (known as "Mac"), a facility for foster children who can't find placements. Astrid later develops a romance with Paul.

Rena Grushenka: Astrid's final foster mother, a tough, business-savvy Russian woman. She is abrasive but encourages Astrid to make sound financial decisions and to become a good negotiator.

Themes
Motherhood is a primary theme of the novel. Astrid struggles to define herself against her biological mother and her various foster mothers, while still searching for the love and acceptance her mother cannot provide from jail. The art pieces Astrid creates at the end of the novel are metaphors for her various mothers and homes.

The novel also deals with the nature of art; self-reflection and creation; survival of the fittest; and perfection versus imperfection.

Origins
The short story of the same name appeared in the Fall/Winter 1994 issue of Black Warrior Review. The Best American Short Stories for that year included it in their list of distinguished short fiction.

Reception
The novel received good reviews and had a typical publication run for a debut novel. After being named to Oprah's Book Club in 1999, the popularity of the book skyrocketed. It became a national best seller. Currently, it has a 3.95 out of 5 star rating on Goodreads.

Adaptations
The novel was adapted into a film, White Oleander, released in 2002 starring Michelle Pfeiffer and Renée Zellweger.

References

External links

 Interview with the author.

1999 American novels
American novels adapted into films
American bildungsromans
Novels set in Los Angeles
Poisoning in fiction

White Oleander


An Habenaria mosambicensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Habenaria mosambicensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Habenaria, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae.

Mabibilngan ini ha Mozambique. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Habenaria

Habenaria mosambicensis


Dacrydium nidulum er sígrænt tré (um 10 til 30m hátt) frá Fídjíeyjum til Nýju-Gíneu og nágrennis (Mólúkka og Sundaeyjar).

Tilvísanir

Gagnviðarætt

Dacrydium nidulum


Hortophora viridis est une espèce d'araignées aranéomorphes de la famille des Araneidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique des Samoa. Elle se rencontre sur Upolu.

Systématique et taxinomie
Cette espèce a été décrite sous le protonyme Epeira viridis par Keyserling en 1865. Elle est placée en synonymie avec Araneus transmarinus par Dondale en 1966. Elle est relevée de synonymie dans le genre Hortophora par Framenau, Baptista, Oliveira et Castanheira en 2021.

Publication originale
 Keyserling, 1865 : « Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Orbitelae Latr. » Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Araneidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique des Samoa

Hortophora viridis


Wolodymyr Wijtyschyn (; * 9. November 1959 in Demydiwka, Ukrainische SSR) ist der amtierende Erzbischof und Metropolit der ukrainischen griechisch-katholischen Erzeparchie Iwano-Frankiwsk in der Ukraine.

Leben
Wolodymyr Wijtyschyn legte seine Abiturprüfung ab und begann an einem geheimen Priesterseminar sein Studium. Von 1978 bis 1988 absolvierte er seinen Wehrdienst und setzte dann seine Priesterausbildung fort. Wijtyschyn wurde am 27. Mai 1982 vom "Geheimbischof der Ukraine" und späteren Weihbischof in Iwano-Frankiwsk Pavlo Wasylyk zum Priester geweiht. Danach arbeitete er im kirchlichen Untergrund als Seelsorger in der Diözese Iwano-Frankiwsk.

Seit 1987 gehörte er der Initiative zur Legalisierung der ukrainischen griechisch-katholischen Kirche an, die von Bischof Pawlo Vassylyk geleitet wurde. Er war Delegationsmitglied der Initiative, die am 16. Mai 1989 dem damaligen Präsidenten der Sowjetunion Michail Gorbatschow, den Antrag auf Legalisierung der katholischen Kirche in der Ukraine überbrachte. Nach der Wiedererlangung der religiösen Freiheit in der Ukraine setzte Wijtyschyn sein Theologiestudium zunächst in Iwano-Frankiwsk und danach an der Katholischen Universität Lublin (Polen) fort. 2002 erhielt er das Lizenziat in Pastoraltheologie.

Am 13. Mai 2002 wurde er von Papst Johannes Paul II. zum Koadjutorbischof von Kolomyia-Tscherniwzi bestellt und folgte am 12. Dezember 2004 dem verstorbenen Diözesanbischof Pawlo Wassylyk im Bischofsamt von Kolomyia-Tscherniwzi. Am 15. Juli 2003 war er bereits vom Großerzbischof Ljubomyr Kardinal Husar zum Bischof geweiht worden. Als Mitkonsekratoren assistierten die Bischöfe Pawlo Wasylyk von Kolomyia-Tscherniwzi und sein Vorgänger im Bischofsamt von Iwano-Frankiwsk Sofron Stefan Mudry OSBM.

Seine Ernennung zum Bischof von Iwano-Frankiwsk erfolgte am 2. Juni 2005, die Amtseinführung wurde am 12. Juli 2005 mit einem feierlichen Hochamt vollzogen. Mit der Erhebung der Eparchie Iwano-Frankiwsk zur Erzeparchie am 21. November 2011 wurde er zum Erzbischof ernannt, die Amtseinführung des jetzigen Metropoliten fand am 13. Dezember 2011 statt.

Klostergründung
Unter der Schirmherrschaft und auf den ausdrücklichen Wunsch von Bischof Wijtyschyn errichteten 2010 die Matará-Schwestern in Burschtyn ihre erste Niederlassung in der Ukraine. Das Gebäude in Burschtyn war ein ehemaliges Waisenhaus, welches durch den Metropoliten von Lemberg Andrej Scheptyzkyj OSBM errichtet worden war und während der sowjetischen Herrschaft beschlagnahmt und als Krankenhaus genutzt wurde.

Auszeichnungen

Der Präsident der Ukraine Wiktor Juschtschenko verlieh ihm am 9. Dezember 2009, in "Anerkennung seines Beitrages zur Verwirklichung der Sozialprogramme sowie für seine aktive Wohltätigkeit und Nächstenliebe", den "Ukrainischen Verdienstorden der 3. Klasse".

Weblinks

 Apostolische Nachfolge: Ernennungen 2004, Ernennungen 2005, Ernennungen 2011

Einzelnachweise

Römisch-katholischer Bischof (21. Jahrhundert)
Ukrainisch griechisch-katholischer Bischof
Träger des Verdienstordens der Ukraine
Sowjetbürger
Ukrainer
Geboren 1959
Mann

Wolodymyr Wijtyschyn


Earl Marshal (eller Marschal eller Marischal, også lordmarskal) er en britisk (tidligere engelsk) adelsmand og hofmand, der arrangerer statsbegravelser og kroninger i Westminster Abbey. Han er også én af de ledende heraldikere i England og Wales, i Nordirland og i nogle lande i Commonwealth.  Tidligere har der også været en Earl Marshall of Ireland og en Earl Marischal of Scotland.

Arveligt embede
Lordmarskallen har et arveligt sæde i det britiske overhus.

Lordmarskaller af England
Fra 1135 til 1386 tilhørte embedet som Lords Marshal of England skiftende adelsslægter. Jarlerne af Norfolk havde embedet i 1245–1306 og igen i 1316–1338. Hertuginden af Norfolk havde embedet i 1338–1377.

Earls Marshal af England
Fra 1386 til 1672 tilhørte embedet som Earl Marshal of England skiftende adelsslægter. I 1483–1485 var John Howard, (den 1. hertug Howard af Norfolk) den første mand af slægten Howard, der havde embedet.

Slægten Howard
I 1672 blev Henry Howard (den 6. hertug Howard af Norfolk) Earl Marshal. Siden da har embedet tilhørt hertugerne af Norfolk.

Earl Marshal


Dr. Denis MacShane (21 Mayıs 1948)'de Denis Matyjaszek ismi ile doğmuş ve Britanya İşçi Partisi'ne mensup İngiliz siyasetçi.

Biyografisi
Babası II. Dünya Savaşı'na katılmış ve savaş sonunda Polonya'da komünist rejimin iktidara gelmesiyle İngiltere'de sürgün olarak kalmış bir Polonyalı, annesi ise İskoçyalıdır. Denis Matyjaszek, BBC'de çalıştığı dönemde patronlarının talebi üzerine annesinin evlilik öncesi soyadını resmen aldı ve adı Denis MacShane oldu.

1994'ten günümüze Birleşik Krallık Parlamentosunda Rotherham seçim bölgesi (constituency) parlamenteridir. 2002 yılından 2005 Birleşik Krallık Genel Seçimlerine kadar Birleşik Krallık Dışişleri Bakanlığı çatısı altında, AB ile ilişkilerden sorumlu Devlet Bakanlığı yaptı.

Oxford Üniversitesi Merton Koleji Tarih bölümünden mezun oldu, Londra Üniversitesi'nde Uluslararası Ekonomi alanında doktora yaptı. 1969'dan itibaren BBC için çalışmaya başladı. Birleşik Krallık Ulusal Gazeteciler Birliği'nin (National Union of Journalists) başlangıçta faal bir üyesi, sonradan da başkanı oldu. 1992-1994 yılları arasında Brüksel'de bulunan Avrupa Politikaları Enstitüsü (European Policy Institute)'nün direktörlüğünü yaptı. 1974'te İngiltere'de aday olarak girdiği ilk seçimdeki denemesi başarısızlıkla sonuçlandı, Parlamento'ya 20 yıl sonra 1994 yılı içinde, seçim bölgesinin parlamenterinin ölmesi nedeniyle düzenlenen ara seçimde girdi. 1997-2002 yılları arasında Parlamento ile ilişkilerden sorumlu kabine üyesi oldu, 2002-2005 yılları arasında da AB ile ilişkilerden sorumlu Devlet Bakanlığı yaptı.

Polonya'da Dayanışma Sendikasının bağımsızlık mücadelesi verdiği 1980'lerde babasının ülkesi adına faaliyetlerde bulunmuş, 1982'de bir yürüyüşe katıldığı için Polonya'da tutuklanarak sınırdışı edilmiştir.

İşçi Partisi içinde, ne tam anlamıyla Tony Blair taraftarı, ne de doğrudan rakibi Gordon Brown'dan yana olabildiği şeklinde bir izlenim yarattığından, iki arada kalmış ve 2005 genel seçimleri sonrasında kabinede kendisine yer verilmemiştir. The Guardian gazetesi için köşe yazıları yazmaya devam etmektedir. Tutkulu ve bir politikacı için son derece açıksözlü olarak değerlendirilen üslubu beğeni toplamaktadır.

2003 yılında (İngiltere'de henüz herhangi bir İslamcı terör eylemi vuku bulmamışken) seçim bölgesindeki Müslüman seçmenlere hitaben, "ya İngiltere'nin yollarını ya da teröristlerin yollarını seçmeleri gerekeceği" şeklinde bir konuşma yapması İngiltere Müslüman Cemaati nezdinde infial yaratmış, 'İslam düşmanlığı (İslamofobi)' ve ajan provokatörlükle suçlanmıştır.

2004 yılı içinde, ilk eşi BBC televizyon sunucusu Carol Barnes'dan olma kızı Avustralya'da bir hava müsabakasında paraşütünün açılmaması sonucu ölmesi üzerine bir aile trajedisi yaşadı.

Henry Jackson Society
2005 yılı içinde, liberal demokrasinin bütün dünyada (gerekirse askeri müdahalelere başvurularak) yaygınlaştırılması gerektiğini savunan ve bu arada da İngiliz liderliği altında Avrupa askeri modernizasyonunun ve bütünleşmesinin sağlanması savlarını savunan, Cambridge'de yerleşik Henry Jackson Society'nin (Henry Jackson Cemiyeti) imza sahibi katılımcılarından biri oldu. Böylece, hamileri ve katılımcıları arasında 'Karanlıklar Prensi' Richard Perle, eski CIA Direktörü James Woolsey, İngiliz istihbarat teşkilatı eski şefi Sir Richard Dearlove gibi seçkin isimlerinin bulunduğu bu cemiyetin çatısı altına girdi. Bu neocon tabiatlı kuruma kayıtlı İşçi Partili iki kişiden biridir.

Orhan Pamuk davası
2005 Aralık ayında İstanbul'da Orhan Pamuk davası ilk duruşması için boy gösteren Avrupalı parlamenterlerden biridir. Duruşma sonrasında milliyetçi müşteki avukatları ile küfürleştiği görüntüler ekranlara yansımış, avukatlardan birinin yüzüne vurduğunu iddia etmiş, ancak herhangi bir şikayette bulunmamıştır.

Türkiye hakkında bir yazısı (Financial Times, 10 Ekim 2006)
 Patronising Turkey is a dangerous game for Europe "Türkiye'ye patronluk taslamak Avrupa için tehlikeli bir oyundur"

Dış bağlantılar
 Guardian Unlimited Politics - Ask Aristotle: Denis MacShane MP
 TheyWorkForYou.com - Denis MacShane MP
 BBC News - Dr Denis MacShane 10 Şubat 2005

1948 doğumlular
İngiliz siyasetçiler
Polonya asıllı Britanyalılar

Birleşik Krallık Avam Kamarası (1992-1997)
Birleşik Krallık Avam Kamarası (1997-2001)
Birleşik Krallık Avam Kamarası (2001-2005)

Yaşayan insanlar

Denis MacShane


IIHF Verdensmesterskabet 2021 bliver det 85. verdensmesterskab i ishockey, arrangeret af IIHF.

VM

Værtslande

IIHF havde modtaget to ansøgninger om værtskabet for mesterskabet – en fra Finland og en fælles ansøgning fra Hviderusland og Letland.

Finland havde tidligere været VM-værtsland otte gang – senest i 2012 og 2013, hvor begge mesterskaber blev delt med Sverige. Hviderusland og Letland havde begge én gang tidligere lagt ishaller VM – i henholdsvis 2014 og 2006.

Værtskabet blev placeret i på IIHF's årskongres den 19. maj 2017 i Köln, hvor mesterskabet blev placeret i Minsk og Riga. Til gengæld bliv Finland samtidig udpeget som vært for VM i ishockey 2022.Arenaer
 Riga : Arena Riga
 Riga : Olympic Sports Centre

Seedning
Seedningen i den indledende runde var baseret på IIHF's verdensrangliste fra 2020, ved slutningen af VM i ishockey 2020. Den 20. maj 2020 annoncerede IIHF og den lokale organisationkomite grupperne, sådan at Hviderussisk og Lettisk skulle spille i Riga

Gruppe A
 ROC (2)
  (4)
  (5)
  (8)
  (9)
  (12)
  (13)
  (19)

Gruppe B
  (1)
  (3)
  (6)
  (7)
  (10)
  (11)
  (15)
  (16)

Indledende runde
I hver pulje spiller de otte hold en turnering alle mode alle. De fire bedste hold i hver gruupe går videre til kvartfinalerne, mens holdene der ender på ottendepladserne i de to puljer rykker ned i 1. division Gruppe B Finland kan dog ikke rykke ned, eftersom de er værtsland for VM I 2022. Finland skulle ende på ottenpaldsen i den indledende puije, vil den dårligste syver rykke ned.

Gruppe A
IIHF Verdensmesterskabet 2021 Gruppe A

Gruppe B
IIHF Verdensmesterskabet 2021 Gruppe B

Slutspil
Slutspillet har deltagelse af de fire bedste hold fra hver af de to indledende grupper.

Officel Sponsor
 AJ Produkter, Crypto.com, Engelbert Strauss, Liquy Moly Gmbh, Nike, Nivea Men, Patron Motorcykel, Pirelli, Raiffeisen Bank, Škoda Auto, Tissot, Wolt

Officielle Partnere
 Ortema Gmbh, Isostar

TV-Udsendelse
 MTV3, C More
 Sveriges Television
 TV 2 Sport
 V Sport (Norge)

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger
 International Ice Hockey Federation

2021
Ishockey i 2021

IIHF Verdensmesterskabet 2021


El Parque Zoológico y Botánico de Mulhouse (en francés : Parc Zoologique et Botanique de Mulhouse) es un zoológico y jardín botánico francés ubicado en la región Gran Este, en el Alto Rin, al sureste de la ciudad de Mulhouse. Creado en 1868 por filántropos industriales, dirigidos por Charles Thierry-Mieg fils, es sucesivamente propiedad del Círculo mulhousien, de la Sociedad Industrial de Mulhouse, y luego de la ciudad a partir de 1893. Ahora es administrado por la comunidad de aglomeración de la región de Mulhouse, Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération. Su director es, desde 2010, el veterinario Brice Lefaux.

Situado en el distrito del Rebberg, a orillas del bosque de Tannenwald, cubre 25 hectáreas y cuenta con más de 900 animales de 170 especies, así como con 3 500 variedades de plantas. Entre las especies emblemáticas del parque se encuentran los primates, que incluyen 9 especies de lémures y 4 de gibones, y la fauna ártica (osos polares, bueyes almizcleros, zorros polares ...) agrupados en el área Gran Norte. El parque esta certificado "jardín notable" por el ministerio de Cultura por sus colecciones botánicas: árboles notables, jardines de lirios, peonías y rododendros.

El zoológico, miembro permanente de la Asociación Europea de Zoos y Acuarios (EAZA), se dedica a la conservación ex situ participando en numerosos Programas Europeos de Especies en Peligro (EEP), de los cuales coordina nueve. Además apoya a las asociaciones de conservación in situ que trabajan en el campo y reintroduce animales en su entorno natural en Francia y en África. También es miembro de la Asociación Mundial de Zoológicos y Acuarios (WAZA) y de la Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).

Es el primer sitio turístico del Alto Rin, el quinto del Gran Este, y recibe cada año a casi 350 000 visitantes.

Historia
El parque fue creado en 1868 como un jardín romántico de paisaje de unas 4 hectáreas de extensión, fundado por un industrial filántropo, con un zoológico cuya colección incluía canguros, ciervos y pájaros.

En la guerra de 1870, el parque fue cerrado y vendidos los animales. Desde entonces cambió de manos dos veces, hasta que la ciudad compró el parque en 1893, y ha permanecido como una propiedad municipal desde entonces.

Aunque gravemente dañado durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue restaurado en 1950.

Animales
Actualmente el zoológico alberga a más de 1200 animales representando a 197 especies, incluyendo muchas especies de aves tropicales y de monos, entre ellas 94 especies raras o amenazadas, y está dedicado a preservar especies raras tanto de animales como de plantas.

En el zoológico de los niños, los visitantes pueden caminar entre las cuadrs y aproximarse y tocar a los animales, que incluyen cabras enanas marroquíes, patos indios corredores, gallos brahma, y potamochoerus. Otros animales que se pueden observar incluyen a conejos, burros de Poitou, y llamas. Hay una zona de juegos próxima al zoológico de los niños.

Jardines

El parque alberga unas 400 variedades de iris en primavera y 100 variedades de cultivares de dalias en verano, los árboles están podados con formas fantásticas.

Hay una colección de plantas raras y amenazadas en la que se incluyen Catharanthus procedentes de Madagascar con 7 taxones, plantas de las islas Canarias con 22 taxones, y 11 taxones de Madeira.

También hay un jardín de los sentidos para las personas invidentes, con rótulos en braille y plantas seleccionadas por sus aromas o para ser tocadas.

El parque está catalogado por el Ministerio de Cultura de Francia como Jardin Remarquable.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Parc Zoologique et Botanique de Mulhouse

Mulhouse
Mulhouse
Mulhouse

Parque zoológico y botánico de Mulhouse


'නිල්ල සොයා යනු 1976දී තිරගත වූ සේන සමරසිංහයන්ගේ චිත්‍රපටයකි.

රංගනය
ගාමිණී ෆොන්සේකා (නන්දන, ධර්මේ)
මානෙල් වානගුරු (නිල්මිණි, සීතා, මීනා)
රෙක්ස් කොඩිප්පිලි (දිසා/ හාමු)
ෆරීනා ලායි (සුමනා)
සේනක පෙරේරා (අලි)
සෝමසිරි දෙහිපිටිය
විමල් කුමාර ද කොස්තා
බන්දු සමරසිංහ
මාටින් ගුණදාස
කුසුම් පෙරේරා
රත්නාවලී කැකුණවෙල
නීතා අතපත්තු
චන්දි රසිකා
අරුණ ශාන්ති
ඩී. ඒ. වෙල්ගම
උපතිස්ස පෙරේරා
කනිෂ්ක ජයසිංහ

ගීතයන්
සංගීත අධ්‍යක්ෂණය - සරත් දසනායක
ගීත සංඛ්‍යාව - 06
යෞවන උයනේ පියුම් තටාකේ – මිල්ටන් මල්ලවආරච්චි, ඇන්ජලින් ගුණතිලක (සෝමපාල ලීලානන්ද)
නිල්ල නඟන ස්වර්ණ කිකිණි – මිල්ටන් මල්ලවආරච්චිසහ පිරිස (සෝමපාල ලීලානන්ද)
පෙම් පෙම් නද පාවේ – මිල්ටන් මල්ලවආරච්චි, ඇන්ජලින් (සෝමපාල ලීලානන්ද)
මියුරු පෙම් මදිරාවේ - මිල්ටන් මල්ලවආරච්චි (කරුණාරත්න අබේසේකර))
සිටු මැදුරේ හෝ පුංචි පැලේ - ඇන්ජලින් (සෝමපාල රත්නායක)
කෙල්ලේ මා ආදර කෙල්ලේ - මිල්ටන් මල්ලවආරච්චි (ජෝර්ජ් ලෙස්ලි රණසිංහ)
ගීත පොත් – ආනන්ද පොත්හල - මරදාන
ගීත තැටි - ජෙම්ටෝන්

නිෂ්පාදනය

සහාය අධ්‍යක්ෂණය – කුමාරදාස වාගිස්ට
කැමරා සහාය – ඒ. අයි. තුවන්කිචිල්, ජී. නන්දසේන, ඇන්ටන් පෙරේරා
වේශ නිරූපණය – ඩබ්ලිව්. සෙල්වරාජා
කලා අධ්‍යක්ෂණය – ගාමිණී සමරසිංහ, ලයනල් සිල්වා
නැටුම් නිර්මාණය - සිරිල් අමරසිංහ, ස්පිරෝ ඈන්ඩ් සෙලීනා
නැටුම් කණ්ඩායම් – නන්දපාල කලායතනය, ගැමුණුවීර කලායතනය
සටන් – ඩී. ඒ. වෙල්ගම, උපතිස්ස පෙරේරා, කනිෂ්ක ජයසිංහ
ඇඳුම් නිර්මාණය – ලීලා සමරසිංහ, සාගර ටේලර්ස්, හර්කියුලිස් ටේලර්ස්
නිෂ්පාදන විධායක - සරත් එම්. රණවක
නිෂ්පාදන කළමනාකරු - කමල් සමරසිංහ
ගීත පටිගත කිරීම සහ ශබ්ද පරිපාලනය - කේ. පී. කේ. බාලසිංහම්
ශබ්ද සහාය – එස්. පී. බාලසුබ්‍රමනියම්, ජෝර්ජ් මනතුංග, මර්වින් රුද්‍රිගු
රසායනාගාර පාලක – අයි. ඒ. ජොහාර්
රසායනාගාර සහාය – එස්. එම්. සමරසිංහ, එස්. කමල්ඩීන්, තෝමස් ප්‍රනාන්දු
නිෂ්චල ඡායාරූප – තිලක් වේහැල්ල
නාමාවලිය – ගාමිණී සමරවීර

ප්‍රදර්ශනය
මංගල දර්ශනය – රාජ්‍ය ආරක්ෂක උප ඇමැති ලක්ෂ්මන් ජයකොඩි, මන්ත්‍රී ආනන්ද සිරිසේන සහ නළු නිළියන් ප්‍රධානව සැවොයි සිනමා ශාලාවේ දී සවස 6.00 ට පැවැත්විණි.
ප්‍රදර්ශනය – හතරවන මණ්ඩලයේ සිනමා ශාලා 17 ක දී.

නිල්ල සොයා


هامش صافي الربح هو نسبة إجمالي إيرادات المبيعات بعد خصم النفقات والتكاليف.

يتم حسابه عن طريق قسمة الربح الصافي(أو الخسارة) على صافي إيرادات المبيعات

الهامش الصافي يلخص مدى نجاح الشركة في تحصيل الربح مقابل كل دولار. فعلى سبيل المثال، إذا كانت شركة ربحها الصافي يمثل 32% فإن ذلك يعني انها حققت ربح بما يعادل 0.32 لكل دولار من المبيعات.

- كما أن هامش صافي الربح يعد دلالة على مدى قدرة المنشآة للتحكم والسيطرة على تكاليفها، بالإضافة إلى أنه وسيلة جيدة للمقارنة بين المنشآت المتخصصة بنفس الصناعة أو في صناعات مختلفة لمعرفة أي مجال هو مربح أكثر

- أعلى نسبة تشير إلى الشركة الأكثر ربحية، والتي لها سيطرة أفضل على التكاليف بالمقارنة مع الشركات المنافسة الأخرى.

كما يأخذ الهامش الصافي في الحسبان العديد من النفقات غير التشغيلية مثل الفوائد والتعويضات المالية.

مثال: إذا كان الدخل الصافي لشركة 500,000$ وإيرادات المبيعات 2,000,000 فإن هامش صافي الربح يعادل 25% (500,000/2,000,000 × 100%) وذلك يعني انها حققت ربحاً صافياً مقداره 0.25 مقابل كل دولار من المبيعات.

المصادر

نسب مالية
تجارة
ربح

هامش صافي الربح


Dame Alice Joan Metge (née le ) est une anthropologue sociale, éducatrice, conférencière et écrivaine néo-zélandaise.

Biographie
Metge est née à , dans la banlieue d'Auckland, le 21 février 1930, fille d'Alice Mary Metge (née Rigg) et de Cedric Leslie Metge. Elle a fait ses études à la  et à la . Elle a ensuite étudié à l'Auckland University College, où elle a obtenu son diplôme de maîtrise ès arts avec mention très bien en 1952, et à la London School of Economics où elle a obtenu son doctorat en 1958.

À partir de 2004, elle a continué à faire avancer les initiatives de paix via son travail en tant que membre du Waitangi National Trust Board, présentatrice de conférence, conseillère et mentor auprès de médiateurs et de praticiens de la gestion des conflits. Chercheuse sur des sujets maoris, elle est reconnue pour sa promotion de la sensibilisation interculturelle et a publié un certain nombre de livres et d'articles au cours de sa carrière. Elle a comparé la relation entre les Néo-Zélandais à « une corde [de] nombreux brins qui, une fois tissés ou travaillant ensemble, créent une nation forte » (comme l'a paraphrasée Silvia Cartwright).

Honneurs et récompenses
Metge a été nommée Dame Commandeur de l'Ordre de l'Empire britannique lors des , pour services rendus à l'anthropologie. En 1990, elle a reçu la Médaille de commémoration de la Nouvelle-Zélande 1990. Elle a reçu la  de la Société royale de Nouvelle-Zélande pour ses recherches en sciences sociales en 1997. En 2001, l'Université d'Auckland a décerné à Metge un diplôme honorifique de . En 2006, elle a reçu le Prix de la paix du Forum de médiation Asie-Pacifique à Suva, aux Fidji. En 2017, Metge a été sélectionnée comme l'une des «  » de la Royal Society Te Apārangi, célébrant les contributions des femmes au savoir en Nouvelle-Zélande.

Médaille Dame Joan Metge
En reconnaissance de la contribution de Metge aux sciences sociales, la Royal Society of New Zealand a créé la médaille Metge en 2006, qui est décernée tous les deux ans à un sociologue néo-zélandais pour son excellence dans l'enseignement, la recherche et/ou d'autres activités contribuant à la capacité établir des relations bénéfiques entre les participants à la recherche.

La médaille Dame Joan Metge a été décernée pour la première fois en 2008.

Références

Liens externes

Étudiant de la London School of Economics
Étudiant de l'université d'Auckland
Anthropologue néo-zélandais
Universitaire néo-zélandais
Naissance en février 1930
Femme anthropologue
Ordre de l'Empire britannique

Joan Metge


Loggeort (Ol) ist ein Begriff aus der Seefahrts-Navigation. Nach DIN 13312 bezeichnet er einen von einem bekannten Ort ausgehend durch Zeichnung oder Rechnung unter Berücksichtigung aller vorhersehbaren Einflüsse, jedoch den Strom ausgenommen (BS), ermittelten Ort des Fahrzeugs.

Anmerkung: Der an der Abkürzung Ol angebrachte Index ist der Kleinbuchstabe L, nicht ein großes i.

Schreibweise
Der Loggeort wird wie folgt geschrieben:

Ol 1200: 50° 12 N, 011° 23 E

Siehe auch
 Koppelort
 Beobachteter Ort
 Besteckversetzung

Einzelnachweise

Navigation (Schifffahrt)
Navigation

Loggeort


Bubble, Bubbles or The Bubble may refer to:

Common uses
 Bubble (physics), a globule of one substance in another, usually gas in a liquid
 Soap bubble
 Economic bubble, a situation where asset prices are much higher than underlying fundamentals

Arts, entertainment and media

Fictional characters
 Bubble (The Amazing Digital Circus), a character from the animated series The Amazing Digital Circus
 Bubble, a character in Absolutely Fabulous
 Bubble, a character in the animated series Adventure Time episode "BMO Lost"
 Bubble, in the video game Clu Clu Land
 Bubbles (The Wire)
 Bubbles (Trailer Park Boys)
 Bubbles Utonium, in The Powerpuff Girls
 Bubbles (Miyako Gotokuji), in Powerpuff Girls Z
 Bubbles (The Adventures of Little Carp)
 Bubbles the Clown, a doll used in the BBC's Test Card F
 Bubbles, an oriole from the Angry Birds franchise
 Bubbles, a yellow tang fish in the Finding Nemo franchise
 Bubbles, in Jabberjaw
 Bubbles, in The Adventures of Timmy the Tooth
 Bubbles, the pet goldfish of Peanut, Baby Butter and Jelly Otter in PB&J Otter
 Cobra Bubbles, in Lilo & Stitch
 Bubbles DeVere, in Little Britain
 Bubbles Yablonsky, the protagonist in a series of novels by Sarah Strohmeyer
 Several SpongeBob SquarePants characters
 Bubbles, in Oddbods
 Bubbles, in webcomic Questionable Content

Film and television

Film
 Bubble (2005 film), a drama by Steven Soderbergh
 Bubble (2022 film), a Japanese animated film
 Bubbles (film), a 1930 short film
 The Bubble (1966 film), a science fiction film
 The Bubble (2001 film), a Greek film
 The Bubble (2006 film), an Israeli romantic drama
 The Bubble (2022 film)

Television
 The Bubble (game show), 2010
 "Bubbles", a 1997 episode of Teletubbies
 "The Bubble" (30 Rock), a 2009 TV episode
 "The Bubble" (Parks and Recreation), a 2011 TV episode

Gaming
 Bubbles (video game), 1982
 Bubbles, gameplay items in the video game LittleBigPlanet

Music

Artists and labels
 Bubbles (band), a Swedish girl group
 Bubbles (rapper), from Roll Deep
 Bubbles, a record label owned by Erlend Øye and Marcin Oz of The Whitest Boy Alive

Songs
 "Bubble" (Band-Maid song), 2019
 "Bubble" (Fluke song), 1994
 "Bubble" (G.E.M. song), 2012
 "Bubbles" (song), by Biffy Clyro, 2009
 "Bubbles", a version of the song "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles" adapted as the anthem of the West Ham United football club
 "Bubbles", by Frankie Laine, 1955
 "Bubbles", by The Free Design from Stars/Time/Bubbles/Love, 1970
 "Bubbles", by Herbie Hancock from Man-Child, 1976
 "Bubbles", by James from Hey Ma, 2008
 "Bubbles", by Norman Connors from You Are My Starship, written by Shunzo Ono, 1976
 "Bubbles", by Pop Will Eat Itself, first released as B-side to "Beaver Patrol", 1987
 "Bubbles", by Spooky Tooth from It's All About, 1968
 "Bubble", by Squarepusher (credited as Tom Jenkinson) from Bubble and Squeak, 1996
 "Bubbles", by System of a Down from Steal This Album!, 2002
 "The Bubble", by Status Quo from The Party Ain't Over Yet, 2005

Other uses in arts, entertainment and media
 Bubbles (painting), by Sir John Everett Millais, 1886, also used to market Pears soap
 Bubbles: Spheres Volume I: Microspherology, a work by Peter Sloterdijk
 Bubble Comics, a Russian comic book publisher

People
 Bubbles Anderson (Theodore M. Anderson, 1904–1943), American baseball player in the Negro leagues
 Bubbles Hargrave (Eugene Franklin Hargrave, 1892–1969), American baseball player
 Barney Bubbles (Colin Fulcher, 1942–1983), English graphic artist
 John W. Bubbles (John William Sublett, 1902–1986), American entertainer
 Patricia Harmsworth, Viscountess Rothermere (1933–1992), English socialite and actress
 William James (Royal Navy officer, born 1881) (1881–1974), British admiral, politician and author
Bubbles (painting)
 Billy Myers (Canadian football) (1923–2019)
 Mary Nolan (1902–1948), American actress, singer and dancer
 John O'Dwyer (born 1991), Irish hurler
 Beverly Sills (1929–2007), opera singer
 Bianca Sloof, a contestant on Real Chance of Love (season 1) and Charm School with Ricki Lake

Science and technology
 Bubble chamber, a particle detector in physics
 Bubble Nebula, NGC 7635, in space
 Bubble Nebula (NGC 6822), in space
 Bubble (computing), a delay in a pipeline
 Bubble (programming language), developed by Bubble Group
 Bubble memory, a type computer memory
 Bubble, a negation logic gate symbol

Sports
 Bio-secure bubble, an isolation zone used for hosting sporting events
 2020 NBA Bubble
 Bubble, a term used in poker tournaments
 Bubble, in the NCAA basketball tournament selection process

Other uses
 Bubbles (chimpanzee), who lived with Michael Jackson
 Bubbles, a hippopotamus who escaped from Lion Country Safari in Irvine, California, U.S.
 Bubble, or pizzo, a pipe used to freebase drugs
 Bubbles, a mephedrone product, a synthetic stimulant drug
 Filter bubble, a state of intellectual isolation
 Bubble, a style of Hi-Riser automobile

See also

 Bubble Act, a 1720 Act of the Parliament of Great Britain
 Bubble and squeak, a British vegetable dish
 Bubble Boy (disambiguation)
 Bubble tea, a tea-based drink
 Bubblegum
 Bubble wrap, a packaging material
 Bulla (disambiguation) (Latin, 'bubble')
 Champagne, a French sparkling wine
 "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles", a popular American song written in 1918
 Microbubble, a very small bubble
 Speech balloon, or speech bubble, a graphic convention
 Support bubble (disambiguation)

Bubble


est un film français co-écrit et réalisé par Claire Denis, sorti en 2022.

Il s'agit d'une adaptation du roman du même nom de Denis Johnson.

Il est présenté en sélection officielle au Festival de Cannes 2022, où il remporte le Grand Prix.

Synopsis
En 2020, Trish, une jeune journaliste américaine en détresse bloquée sans passeport dans un Nicaragua en pleine période électorale rencontre dans un bar d'hôtel Daniel, un voyageur anglais. Il lui semble être l'homme rêvé pour l'aider à fuir le pays. Mais elle réalise trop tard qu'au contraire, elle entre à ses côtés dans un monde plus trouble, plus dangereux.

Fiche technique

 Titre :
 Titre de travail : Des étoiles à midi
 Réalisation : Claire Denis
 Scénario : Claire Denis, Andrew Litvack et Léa Mysius, d'après le roman Des étoiles à midi de Denis Johnson
 Photographie : Éric Gautier
 Son : Jean-Paul Mugel
 Montage : Guy Lecorne
 Costumes : Judy Shrewsbury
 Décors : Arnaud de Moleron
 Musique : Tindersticks
 Production : Olivier Delbosc
 Société de production : Curiosa Films, en coproduction avec Arte France Cinéma et Ad Vitam, avec la participation de Canal+, Arte France et Ciné+
 Société de distribution : Ad Vitam Distribution (France)
 Pays de production :
 Genre : drame, romance, thriller
 Dates de sortie :
 France :  (Festival de Cannes),  (en salles)

Distribution
 Margaret Qualley : Trish
 Joe Alwyn : Daniel
 Danny Ramirez : policier costaricien
 Benny Safdie : homme de la CIA
 Nick Romano : sous-lieutenant
 Stephan Proaño : vice-president
 Monica Bartholomew : la señora
 Carlos Bennett : chauffeur de taxi Mercado
 Sebastián Donoso : chauffeur de taxi 1
 Hector Moreno : agent de voyage
 Robin Duran : chef de frontière costaricienne
 Jose Leonel Hernandez : veilleur de nuit
 John C. Reilly : American Boss

Production

Genèse et développement
Claire Denis a lu le roman de Johnson une décennie plus tôt et l'a évalué comme une histoire d'amour entre deux personnes qui développent une relation uniquement en raison du contexte de la révolution. Elle a ajouté : .

Distribution des rôles
En , Denis a provisoirement annoncé le développement du film et le casting de Robert Pattinson après une projection au Brattle Theatre de son film High Life (2018), avec également Pattinson. Il a été annoncé en  qu'A24 avait acquis les droits de distribution nord-américains de la prochaine réalisation de Claire Denis, avec Robert Pattinson et Margaret Qualley. Le tournage devait commencer cet été-là, mais il n'a pas commencé en . Pattinson a quitté le film en juillet en raison de conflits d'emploi du temps, Taron Egerton l'a remplacé et le tournage devait commencer en  au Panama, mais cela ne s'est pas produit et, en novembre, Egerton a quitté le projet pour des raisons personnelles et a été remplacé par Joe Alwyn.

Tournage
Le tournage a eu lieu au Panama, à partir de décembre 2021. La production s'est achevée plus tard, le même mois, Denis souhaitait tourner le film au Nicaragua, mais la réélection du président Daniel Ortega l'en a dissuadée, déclarant : .

Accueil

Accueil critique
En France, le site Allociné propose une moyenne de , fondée sur  de presse.

Distinctions

Récompense
 Festival de Cannes 2022 : grand prix

Sélection
 Festival de Deauville 2022 : hors compétition

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film français sorti en 2022
Film dramatique français
Film romantique français
Thriller (film) français
Film réalisé par Claire Denis
Film d'Arte
Film distribué par A24
Film tourné au Panama
Film se déroulant au Nicaragua
Adaptation d'un roman américain au cinéma
Grand prix au Festival de Cannes

Stars at Noon


An Diuris maculata in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni James Edward Smith. An Diuris maculata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Diuris, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Mga sumpay ha gawas

Image gallery

Diuris

Diuris maculata


Agnese De Donato, née à Bari le 7 janvier 1927 et morte à Rome le 5 mars 2017, était une photographe, journaliste et féministe italienne.

Biographie

En 1957, avec Gina Severini (fille du peintre Gino Severini et épouse du sculpteur Nino Franchina), elle ouvre une librairie Al Ferro di Cavallo  Via Ripetta à Rome. Elles y accueillent des écrivains, poètes et journalistes. Elles exposent les œuvres de nombreux plasticiens comme Alberto Burri, Giuseppe Capogrossi, Gastone Novelli, Achille Perilli .

Après cette expérience de dix ans, rappelée dans le livre « Via Ripetta 67 », elle commence à travailler comme journaliste et photographe. Elle collabore avec de nombreux journaux avec des enquêtes, des interviews et des photographies de personnalités de la culture, de la politique et du divertissement.

A partir des années 1970, elle dirige un bureau de presse et gère les relations de presse pour diverses structures culturelles dont des compagnies théâtrales d'avant-garde.

En 1973, Daniela Colombo, Alma Sabatini, Gabriella Parca, Danielle TuroneLantin, Grazia Francescato, Adele Cambria, Lara Foletti et Agnese créent  Effe le premier magazine féministe en Italie. Elle intervient en tant que rédactrice et photographe. Ses photos sont adoptées par les féministes romaines.

En 2008, Elle publie " Cosa fa stasera?", un volume qui rassemble une sélection d'entretiens menés dans les années 70 et 80 avec des personnalités illustres dans le journal Paese Sera.

En 2015, elle participe au documentaire Swinging Roma du réalisateur Andrea Bettinetti, en tant que témoin de la scène artistique des années 1960 à Rome.

Livres
Agnese De Donato, "Via Ripetta 67", edizioni Dedalo, 2005
 Agnese De Donato, "Cosa fa stasera?", edizioni Dedalo, 2008

Notes et références

Liens externes

Photographe italienne
Féministe italienne

Agnese De Donato