An injury is any physiological damage to living tissue caused by immediate physical stress. Injuries to humans can occur intentionally or unintentionally and may be caused by blunt trauma, penetrating trauma, burning, toxic exposure, asphyxiation, or overexertion. Injuries can occur in any part of the body, and different symptoms are associated with different injuries.

Treatment of a major injury is typically carried out by a health professional and varies greatly depending on the nature of the injury. Traffic collisions are the most common cause of accidental injury and injury-related death among humans. Injuries are distinct from chronic conditions, psychological trauma, infections, or medical procedures, though injury can be a contributing factor to any of these.

Several major health organizations have established systems for the classification and description of human injuries.

Occurrence

Injuries may be intentional or unintentional. Intentional injuries may be acts of violence against others or self-inflicted against one's own person. Accidental injuries may be unforeseeable, or they may be caused by negligence. In order, the most common types of unintentional injuries are traffic accidents, falls, drowning, burns, and accidental poisoning. Certain types of injuries are more common in developed countries or developing countries. Traffic injuries are more likely to kill pedestrians than drivers in developing countries. Scalding burns are more common in developed countries, while open-flame injuries are more common in developing countries.

As of 2021, approximately 4.4 million people are killed due to injuries each year worldwide, constituting nearly 8% of all deaths. 3.16 million of these injuries are unintentional, and 1.25 million are intentional. Traffic accidents are the most common form of deadly injury, causing about one-third of injury-related deaths. One-sixth are caused by suicide, and one-tenth are caused by homicide. Tens of millions of individuals require medical treatment for nonfatal injuries each year, and injuries are responsible for about 10% of all years lived with disability. Men are twice as likely to be killed through injury than women. In 2013, 367,000 children under the age of five died from injuries, down from 766,000 in 1990.

Classification systems
The World Health Organization (WHO) developed the International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI). Under this system, injuries are classified by mechanism of injury, objects/substances producing injury, place of occurrence, activity when injured, the role of human intent, and additional modules. These codes allow the identification of distributions of injuries in specific populations and case identification for more detailed research on causes and preventive efforts.

The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics developed the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS). Under this system injuries are classified by nature, part of body affected, source and secondary source, and event or exposure. The OIICS was first published in 1992 and has been updated several times since. The Orchard Sports Injury and Illness Classification System (OSIICS), previously OSICS, is used to classify injuries to enable research into specific sports injuries.

The injury severity score (ISS) is a medical score to assess trauma severity. It correlates with mortality, morbidity, and hospitalization time after trauma. It is used to define the term major trauma (polytrauma), recognized when the ISS is greater than 15. The AIS Committee of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine designed and updates the scale.

Mechanisms

Trauma
Traumatic injury is caused by an external object making forceful contact with the body, resulting in a wound. Major trauma is a severe traumatic injury that has the potential to cause disability or death. Serious traumatic injury most often occurs as a result of traffic collisions. Traumatic injury is the leading cause of death in people under the age of 45.

Blunt trauma injuries are caused by the forceful impact of an external object. Injuries from blunt trauma may cause internal bleeding and bruising from ruptured capillaries beneath the skin, abrasion from scraping against the superficial epidermis, lacerated tears on the skin or internal organs, or bone fractures. Crush injuries are a severe form of blunt trauma damage that apply large force to a large area over a longer period of time. Penetrating trauma injuries are caused by external objects entering the tissue of the body through the skin. Low-velocity penetration injuries are caused by sharp objects, such as stab wounds, while high-velocity penetration injuries are caused by ballistic projectiles, such as gunshot wounds or injuries caused by shell fragments. Perforated injuries result in an entry wound and an exit wound, while puncture wounds result only in an entry wound. Puncture injuries result in a cavity in the tissue.

Burns

Burn injury is caused by contact with extreme temperature, chemicals, or radiation. The effects of burns vary depending on the depth and size. Superficial or first-degree burns only affect the epidermis, causing pain for a short period of time. Superficial partial-thickness burns cause weeping blisters and require dressing. Deep partial-thickness burns are dry and less painful due to the burning away of the skin and require surgery. Full-thickness or third-degree burns affect the entire dermis and is susceptible to infection. Fourth-degree burns reach deep tissues such as muscles and bones, causing loss of the affected area.

Thermal burns are the most common type of burn, caused by contact with excessive heat, including contact with flame, contact with hot surfaces, or scalding burns caused by contact with hot water or steam. Frostbite is a type of burn caused by contact with excessive cold, causing cellular injury and deep tissue damage through the crystallization of water in the tissue. Friction burns are caused by friction with external objects, resulting in a burn and abrasion. Radiation burns are caused by exposure to ionizing radiation. Most radiation burns are sunburns caused by ultraviolet radiation or high exposure to radiation through medical treatments such as repeated radiography or radiation therapy.

Electrical burns are caused by contact with electricity as it enters and passes through the body. They are often deeper than other burns, affecting lower tissues as electricity penetrates the skin, and the full extent of electrical burns are often obscured. They will also cause extensive destruction of tissue at the entry and exit points. Electrical injuries in the home are often minor, while high tension power cables cause serious electrical injuries in the workplace. Lightning strikes can also cause severe electrical injuries. Fatal electrical injuries are often caused by tetanic spasm inducing respiratory arrest or interference with the heart causing cardiac arrest.

Chemical burns are caused by contact with corrosive substances such as acid or alkali. Chemical burns are rarer than most other burns, though there are many chemicals that can damage tissue. The most common chemical-related injuries are those caused by carbon monoxide, ammonia, chlorine, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Some chemical weapons induce chemical burns, such as white phosphorus. Most chemical burns are treated with extensive application of water to remove the chemical contaminant, though some burn-inducing chemicals react with water to create more severe injuries. The ingestion of corrosive substances can cause chemical burns to the larynx and stomach.

Other mechanisms
Toxic injury is caused by the ingestion, inhalation, injection, or absorption of a toxin. This may occur through an interaction caused by a drug or the ingestion of a poison. Different toxins may cause different types of injuries, and many will cause injury to specific organs. Toxins in gases, dusts, aerosols, and smoke can be inhaled, potentially causing respiratory failure. Respiratory toxins can be released by structural fires, industrial accidents, domestic mishaps, or through chemical weapons. Some toxicants may affect other parts of the body after inhalation, such as carbon monoxide.

Asphyxia causes injury to the body from a lack of oxygen. It can be caused by drowning, inhalation of certain substances, strangulation, blockage of the airway, traumatic injury to the airway, apnea, and other means. The most immediate injury caused by asphyxia is hypoxia, which can in turn cause acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome as well as damage to the circulatory system. The most severe injury associated with asphyxiation is cerebral hypoxia and ischemia, in which the brain receives insufficient oxygen or blood, resulting in neurological damage or death. Specific injuries are associated with water inhalation, including alveolar collapse, atelectasis, intrapulmonary shunting, and ventilation perfusion mismatch. Simple asphyxia is caused by a lack of external oxygen supply. Systemic asphyxia is caused by exposure to a compound that prevents oxygen from being transported or used by the body. This can be caused by azides, carbon monoxide, cyanide, smoke inhalation, hydrogen sulfide, methemoglobinemia-inducing substances, opioids, or other systemic asphyxiants. Ventilation and oxygenation are necessary for treatment of asphyxiation, and some asphyxiants can be treated with antidotes.

Injuries of overuse or overexertion can occur when the body is strained through use, affecting the bones, muscles, ligaments, or tendons. Sports injuries are often overuse injuries such as tendinopathy. Over-extension of the ligaments and tendons can result in sprains and strains, respectively. Repetitive sedentary behaviors such as extended use of a computer or a physically repetitive occupation may cause a repetitive strain injury. Extended use of brightly lit screens may also cause eye strain.

Locations

Abdomen
Abdominal trauma includes injuries to the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, kidneys, gallbladder, and spleen. Abdominal injuries are typically caused by traffic accidents, assaults, falls, and work-related injuries, and physical examination is often unreliable in diagnosing blunt abdominal trauma. Splenic injury can cause low blood volume or blood in the peritoneal cavity. The treatment and prognosis of splenic injuries are dependent on cardiovascular stability. The gallbladder is rarely injured in blunt trauma, occurring in about 2% of blunt abdominal trauma cases. Injuries to the gallbladder are typically associated with injuries to other abdominal organs. The intestines are susceptible to injury following blunt abdominal trauma. The kidneys are protected by other structures in the abdomen, and most injuries to the kidney are a result of blunt trauma. Kidney injuries typically cause blood in the urine.

Due to its location in the body, pancreatic injury is relatively uncommon but more difficult to diagnose. Most injuries to the pancreas are caused by penetrative trauma, such as gunshot wounds and stab wounds. Pancreatic injuries occur in under 5% of blunt abdominal trauma cases. The severity of pancreatic injury depends primarily on the amount of harm caused to the pancreatic duct. The stomach is also well protected from injury due to its heavy layering, its extensive blood supply, and its position relative to the rib cage. As with pancreatic injuries, most traumatic stomach injuries are caused by penetrative trauma, and most civilian weapons do not cause long-term tissue damage to the stomach. Blunt trauma injuries to the stomach are typically caused by traffic accidents. Ingestion of corrosive substances can cause chemical burns to the stomach. Liver injury is the most common type of organ damage in cases of abdominal trauma. The liver's size and location in the body makes injury relatively common compared to other abdominal organs, and blunt trauma injury to the liver is typically treated with nonoperative management. Liver injuries are rarely serious, though most injuries to the liver are concomitant with other injuries, particularly to the spleen, ribs, pelvis, or spinal cord. The liver is also susceptible to toxic injury, with overdose of paracetamol being a common cause of liver failure.

Face

Facial trauma may affect the eyes, nose, ears, or mouth. Nasal trauma is a common injury and the most common type of facial injury. Oral injuries are typically caused by traffic accidents or alcohol-related violence, though falls are a more common cause in young children. The primary concerns regarding oral injuries are that the airway is clear and that there are no concurrent injuries to other parts of the head or neck. Oral injuries may occur in the soft tissue of the face, the hard tissue of the mandible, or as dental trauma.

The ear is susceptible to trauma in head injuries due to its prominent location and exposed structure. Ear injuries may be internal or external. Injuries of the external ear are typically lacerations of the cartilage or the formation of a hematoma. Injuries of the middle and internal ear may include a perforated eardrum or trauma caused by extreme pressure changes. The ear is also highly sensitive to blast injury. The bones of the ear are connected to facial nerves, and ear injuries can cause paralysis of the face. Trauma to the ear can cause hearing loss.

Eye injuries often take place in the cornea, and they have the potential to permanently damage vision. Corneal abrasions are a common injury caused by contact with foreign objects. The eye can also be injured by a foreign object remaining in the cornea. Radiation damage can be caused by exposure to excessive light, often caused by welding without eye protection or being exposed to excessive ultraviolet radiation, such as sunlight. Exposure to corrosive chemicals can permanently damage the eyes, causing blindness if not sufficiently irrigated. The eye is protected from most blunt injuries by the infraorbital margin, but in some cases blunt force may cause an eye to hemorrhage or tear. Overuse of the eyes can cause eye strain, particularly when looking at brightly lit screens for an extended period.

Heart
Cardiac injuries affect the heart and blood vessels. Blunt cardiac injury in a common injury caused by blunt trauma to the heart. It can be difficult to diagnose, and it can have many effects on the heart, including contusions, ruptures, acute valvular disorders, arrhythmia, or heart failure. Penetrative trauma to the heart is typically caused by stab wounds or gunshot wounds. Accidental cardiac penetration can also occur in rare cases from a fractured sternum or rib. Stab wounds to the heart are typically survivable with medical attention, though gunshot wounds to the heart are not. The right ventricle is most susceptible to injury due to its prominent location. The two primary consequences of traumatic injury to the heart are severe hemorrhaging and fluid buildup around the heart.

Musculoskeletal

Musculoskeletal injuries affect the skeleton and the muscular system. Soft tissue injuries affect the skeletal muscles, ligaments, and tendons. Ligament and tendon injuries account for half of all musculoskeletal injuries. Ligament sprains and tendon strains are common injuries that do not require intervention, but the healing process is slow. Physical therapy can be used to assist reconstruction and use of injured ligaments and tendons. Torn ligaments or tendons typically require surgery. Skeletal muscles are abundant in the body and commonly injured when engaging in athletic activity. Muscle injuries trigger an inflammatory response to facilitate healing. Blunt trauma to the muscles can cause contusions and hematomas. Excessive tensile strength can overstretch a muscle, causing a strain. Strains may present with torn muscle fibers, hemorrhaging, or fluid in the muscles. Severe muscle injuries in which a tear extends across the muscle can cause total loss of function. Penetrative trauma can cause laceration to muscles, which may take an extended time to heal. Unlike contusions and strains, lacerations are uncommon in sports injuries.

Traumatic injury may cause various bone fractures depending on the amount of force, direction of the force, and width of the area affected. Pathologic fractures occur when a previous condition weakens the bone until it can be easily fractured. Stress fractures occur when the bone is overused or suffers under excessive or traumatic pressure, often during athletic activity. Hematomas occur immediately following a bone fracture, and the healing process often takes from six weeks to three months to complete, though continued use of the fractured bone will prevent healing. Articular cartilage damage may also affect function of the skeletal system, and it can cause posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Unlike most bodily structures, cartilage cannot be healed once it is damaged.

Nervous system

Injuries to the nervous system include brain injury, spinal cord injury, and nerve injury. Trauma to the brain causes traumatic brain injury (TBI), causing "long-term physical, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive consequences". Mild TBI, including concussion, often occurs during athletic activity, military service, or as a result of untreated epilepsy, and its effects are typically short-term. More severe injuries to the brain cause moderate TBI, which may cause confusion or lethargy, or severe TBI, which may result in a coma or a secondary brain injury. TBI is a leading cause of mortality. Approximately half of all trauma-related deaths involve TBI. Non-traumatic injuries to the brain cause acquired brain injury (ABI). This can be caused by stroke, a brain tumor, poison, infection, cerebral hypoxia, drug use, or the secondary effect of a TBI.

Injury to the spinal cord is not immediately terminal, but it is associated with concomitant injuries, lifelong medical complications, and reduction in life expectancy. It may result in complications in several major organ systems and a significant reduction in mobility or paralysis. Spinal shock causes temporary paralysis and loss of reflexes. Unlike most other injuries, damage to the peripheral nerves is not healed through cellular proliferation. Following nerve injury, the nerves undergo degeneration before regenerating, and other pathways can be strengthened or reprogrammed to make up for lost function. The most common form of peripheral nerve injury is stretching, due to their inherent elasticity. Nerve injuries may also be caused by laceration or compression.

Pelvis
Injuries to the pelvic area include injuries to the bladder, rectum, colon, and reproductive organs. Traumatic injury to the bladder is rare and often occurs with other injuries to the abdomen and pelvis. The bladder is protected by the peritoneum, and most cases of bladder injury are concurrent with a fracture of the pelvis. Bladder trauma typically causes hematuria, or blood in the urine. Ingestion of alcohol may cause distension of the bladder, increasing the risk of injury. A catheter may be used to extract blood from the bladder in the case of hemorrhaging, though injuries that break the peritoneum typically require surgery. The colon is rarely injured by blunt trauma, with most cases occurring from penetrative trauma through the abdomen. Rectal injury is less common than injury to the colon, though the rectum is more susceptible to injury following blunt force trauma to the pelvis.

Injuries to the male reproductive system are rarely fatal and typically treatable through grafts and reconstruction. The elastic nature of the scrotum makes it resistant to injury, accounting for 1% of traumatic injuries. Trauma to the scrotum may cause damage to the testis or the spermatic cord. Trauma to the penis can cause penile fracture, typically as a result of vigorous intercourse. Injuries to the female reproductive system are often a result of pregnancy and childbirth or sexual activity. They are rarely fatal, but they can produce a variety of complications, such as chronic discomfort, dyspareunia, infertility, or the formation of fistulas. Age can greatly affect the nature of genital injuries in women due to changes in hormone composition. Childbirth is the most common cause of genital injury to women of reproductive age. Many cultures practice female genital mutilation, which is estimated to affect over 125 million women and girls worldwide as of 2018. Tears and abrasions to the vagina are common during sexual intercourse, and these may be exacerbated in instances of non-consensual sexual activity.

Respiratory tract
Injuries to the respiratory tract affect the lungs, diaphragm, trachea, bronchus, pharynx, or larynx. Tracheobronchial injuries are rare and often associated with other injuries. Bronchoscopy is necessary for an accurate diagnosis of tracheobronchial injury. The neck, including the pharynx and larynx, is highly vulnerable to injury due to its complex, compacted anatomy. Injuries to this area can cause airway obstruction. Ingestion of corrosive chemicals can cause chemical burns to the larynx. Inhalation of toxic materials can also cause serious injury to the respiratory tract.

Severe trauma to the chest can cause damage to the lungs, including pulmonary contusions, accumulation of blood, or a collapsed lung. The inflammation response to a lung injury can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome. Injuries to the lungs may cause symptoms ranging from shortness of breath to terminal respiratory failure. Injuries to the lungs are often fatal, and survivors often have a reduced quality of life. Injuries to the diaphragm are uncommon and rarely serious, but blunt trauma to the diaphragm can result in the formation of a hernia over time. Injuries to the diaphragm may present in many ways, including abnormal blood pressure, cardiac arrest, gastroinetestinal obstruction, and respiratory insufficiency. Injuries to the diaphragm are often associated with other injuries in the chest or abdomen, and its position between two major cavities of the human body may complicate diagnosis.

Skin
Most injuries to the skin are minor and do not require specialist treatment. Lacerations of the skin are typically repaired with sutures, staples, or adhesives. The skin is susceptible to burns, and burns to the skin often cause blistering. Abrasive trauma scrapes or rubs off the skin, and severe abrasions require skin grafting to repair. Skin tears involve the removal of the epidermis or dermis through friction or shearing forces, often in vulnerable populations such as the elderly. Skin injuries are potentially complicated by foreign bodies such as glass, metal, or dirt that entered the wound, and skin wounds often require cleaning.

Treatment

Much of medical practice is dedicated to the treatment of injuries. Traumatology is the study of traumatic injuries and injury repair. Certain injuries may be treated by specialists. Serious injuries sometimes require trauma surgery. Following serious injuries, physical therapy and occupational therapy are sometimes used for rehabilitation. Medication is commonly used to treat injuries.

Emergency medicine during major trauma prioritizes the immediate consideration of life-threatening injuries that can be quickly addressed. The airway is evaluated, clearing bodily fluids with suctioning or creating an artificial airway if necessary. Breathing is evaluated by evaluating motion of the chest wall and checking for blood or air in the pleural cavity. Circulation is evaluated to resuscitate the patient, including the application of intravenous therapy. Disability is evaluated by checking for responsiveness and reflexes. Exposure is then used to examine the patient for external injury. Following immediate life-saving procedures, a CT scan is used for a more thorough diagnosis. Further resuscitation may be required, including ongoing blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation and nutritional support.

Pain management is another aspect of injury treatment. Pain serves as an indicator to determine the nature and severity of an injury, but it can also worsen an injury, reduce mobility, and affect quality of life. Analgesic drugs are used to reduce the pain associated with injuries, depending on the person's age, the severity of the injury, and previous medical conditions that may affect pain relief. NSAIDs such as aspirin and ibuprofen are commonly used for acute pain. Opioid medications such as fentanyl, methadone, and morphine are used to treat severe pain in major trauma, but their use is limited due to associated long-term risks such as addiction.

Complications
Complications may arise as a result of certain injuries, increasing the recovery time, further exasperating the symptoms, or potentially causing death. The extent of the injury and the age of the injured person may contribute to the likelihood of complications. Infection of wounds is a common complication in traumatic injury, resulting in diagnoses such as pneumonia or sepsis. Wound infection prevents the healing process from taking place and can cause further damage to the body. A majority of wounds are contaminated with microbes from other parts of the body, and infection takes place when the immune system is unable to address this contamination. The surgical removing of devitalized tissue and the use of topical antimicrobial agents can prevent infection.

Hemorrhaging of blood is a common result of injuries, and it can cause several complications. Pooling of blood under the skin can cause a hematoma, particularly after blunt trauma or the suture of a laceration. Hematomas are susceptible to infection and are typically treated compression, though surgery is necessary in severe cases. Excessive blood loss can cause hypovolemic shock in which cellular oxygenation can no longer take place. This can cause tachycardia, hypotension, coma, or organ failure. Fluid replacement is often necessary to treat blood loss. Other complications of injuries include cavitation, development of fistulas, and organ failure.

Social and psychological aspects
Injuries often cause psychological harm in addition to physical harm. Traumatic injuries are associated with psychological trauma and distress, and some victims of traumatic injuries will display symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder during and after the recovery of the injury. The specific symptoms and their triggers vary depending on the nature of the injury. Body image and self-esteem can also be affected by injury. Injuries that cause permanent disabilities, such as spinal cord injuries, can have severe effects on self-esteem. Disfiguring injuries can negatively affect body image, leading to a lower quality of life. Burn injuries in particular can cause dramatic changes in a person's appearance that may negatively affect body image.

Severe injury can also cause social harm. Disfiguring injuries may also result in stigma due to scarring or other changes in appearance. Certain injuries may necessitate a change in occupation or prevent employment entirely. Leisure activities are similarly limited, and athletic activities in particular may be impossible following severe injury. In some cases, the effects of injury may strain personal relationships, such as marriages. Psychological and social variables have been found to affect the likelihood of injuries among athletes. Increased life stress can cause an increase in the likelihood of athletic injury, while social support can decrease the likelihood of injury. Social support also assists in the recovery process after athletic injuries occur.

See also
 Injury prevention
 List of causes of death by rate
 First aid
 Medical emergency
 Traumatology

References

External links

 International Trauma Conferences (registered trauma charity providing trauma education for medical professionals worldwide)
 Trauma.org (trauma resources for medical professionals)
 Emergency Medicine Research and Perspectives (emergency medicine procedure videos)
 American Trauma Society
 Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine

Medical emergencies
Traumatology
Causes of death
Acute pain
Trauma types
Adverse childhood experiences

Injury in humans


The year 1726 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Botany
 October 27 – Caleb Threlkeld publishes Synopsis Stirpium Hibernicarum .....Dispositarum sive Commentatio de Plantis Indigenis praesertim Dublinensibus instituta in Dublin, the first flora of Ireland.

Medicine
 A faculty of medicine is formally established at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, a predecessor of the University of Edinburgh Medical School. John Rutherford becomes Professor of Practice of Medicine.

Technology
 For clocks, the gridiron pendulum is developed by John Harrison, as a pendulum that compensates for temperature errors: a grid of alternating brass and steel rods is arranged so that the expansion due to heat is dissipated.

Publications
 Johann Beringer publishes Lithographiæ Wirceburgensis describing hoax fossils.

Births
 February 6 – Patrick Russell, Scottish-born surgeon and herpetologist (died 1805)
 June 3 – James Hutton, Scottish geologist (died 1797)
 Thomas Melvill, Scottish natural philosopher (died 1753)
 date unknown - Lady Anne Monson, English botanist (died 1776)

Deaths
 January 25 – Guillaume Delisle, French scientist, one of the founders of modern geography (born 1675)

References

18th century in science
1720s in science

1726 in science


Nagrada za trenera godine NFL-a je nagrada koju svake godine dodjeljuje američka novinska agencija Associated Press treneru u NFL ligi kojeg se smatra najistaknutijim u sezoni. Associated Press nagradu za najboljeg trenera dodjeljuje od 1957. godine.

Najviše osvojenih nagrada ima Don Shula, osvojio ju je četiri puta. Trenutni osvajač nagrade, za sezonu 2019., je trener Baltimore Ravensa John Harbaugh.

Osvajači nagrade od 2010. godine

Vidi još

NFL
Američki nogomet

Izvori

Nagrada za trenera godine NFL-a


Gökgözler, Çorum ilinin Laçin ilçesine bağlı bir köydür.

Tarihçe
Daha önceleri, o zamanlar köy statüsüne sahip Yavı köyüne bağlı bir mahalle iken, 15 Ağustos 1952'de köy statüsü kazandı. Eski Yavı köyü, 1928 yılından beri aynı adı taşımaktaydı.

Coğrafya
Köy, Çorum il merkezine 37 km, Laçin ilçe merkezine 7 km uzaklıktadır.

Nüfus

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

Laçin belde ve köyleri

Gökgözler, Laçin


Ženski malonogometni klub "Mirlović Zagora" (ŽMNK Mirlović Zagora; MNK Mirlović Zagora; Mirlović Zagora) je ženski futsal (malonogometni) klub iz Mirlović Zagore, općina Unešić, Šibensko-kninska županija, Republika Hrvatska.

O klubu
ŽMNK "Mirlović Zagora" je osnovana 2014. godine kao ženska sekcija postojećeg malonogometnog kluba "Mirlović Zagora", osnovanog 2000. godine.
Klub je od sezone 2015./16. redoviti sudionik "1. HMNL za žene".
Klub je uspješno nastupao i na mnogim futsal i malonogometnim turnirima za žene, poput "Kutije šibica" u Zagrebu,
"Zagreb Winter Cup",
"Futsal čarolija" u Zadru
ili turnira u Poličniku.

Od 2017. godine ŽMNK "Mirlović Zagora" organizira "školu ženskog nogometa" u šibenskim športskim dvoranama.

Uspjesi

Plasmani po sezonama

Poznate igračice

Unutrašnje poveznice
 Mirlović Zagora

Vanjske poveznice
 Žmnk Mirlović Zagora, facebook stranica
 crofutsal.com, Mirlović Zagora
 sibenskiportal.hr, ŽMNK Mirlović Zagora
 sibenik.in, MNK Mirlović Zagora

Izvori

 sibenskiportal.hr, FOTO: Nogomet postao hit među djevojkama u Mirlović Zagori, sada imaju i svoj klub, objavljeno 26. listopada 2014., pristupljeno 30. lipnja 2020.

Hrvatski ženski malonogometni klubovi
Ž Mirlović Zagora

ŽMNK Mirlović Zagora


Volodymyr Oleksandrovytj Zelenskyj (født 25. januar 1978 i Kryvyj Rih) er en ukrainsk politiker og tidligere komiker og skuespiller, der har fungeret som den sjette og nuværende præsident i Ukraine siden 2019.

Født af en ukrainsk jødisk familie voksede Zelenskyj op som en indfødt russisktalende i Kryvyj Rih, en storby i Dnipropetrovsk oblast i det centrale Ukraine. Forud for sin skuespillerkarriere opnåede han en akademisk grad i jura fra Kyiv National Economic University. Derefter forfulgte han en karriere i komedie og skabte produktionsselskabet Kvartal 95, som producerede film, tegnefilm og tv-shows, herunder tv-serien Sluha narodu (Folkets tjener), hvor Zelenskyj spillede rollen som den ukrainske præsident. Serien blev sendt fra 2015 til 2019 og var særdeles populær. Et politisk parti, der bærer samme navn som tv-serien, blev oprettet i marts 2018 af ansatte i Kvartal 95.

Zelenskyj annoncerede sit kandidatur til præsidentvalget i 2019 om aftenen den 31. december 2018 sammen med daværende præsident Petro Porosjenkos nytårstale på tv-kanalen 1+1. Som politisk outsider var han allerede blevet en af frontløberne i meningsmålingerne til valget. Han vandt valget med 73,23 procent af stemmerne i anden valgrunde og besejrede Porosjenko. Han har positioneret sig selv som en anti-establishment og anti-korruptionsfigur. Som præsident har Zelenskyj været en fortaler for digital forvaltning og for at forene de ukrainske og russisktalende dele af landets befolkning. Hans kommunikationsstil gør i vid udstrækning brug af sociale medier, især Instagram. Hans parti vandt en jordskredssejr i det hurtige parlamentsvalg, der blev afholdt kort efter hans indsættelse som præsident. I løbet af de første to år af sin administration overvågede Zelenskyj ophævelsen af den juridiske immunitet for parlamentsmedlemmer (Verkhovna Rada), landets reaktion på COVID-19-pandemien og den efterfølgende økonomiske recession samt nogle begrænsede fremskridt med hensyn til at tackle korruption i Ukraine.

Under sin præsidentkampagne lovede Zelenskyj at afslutte Ukraines langvarige konflikt med Rusland, og han har forsøgt at gå i dialog med den russiske præsident, Vladimir Putin. Hans administration stod over for en eskalering af spændinger med Rusland i 2021, der kulminerede med lanceringen af en igangværende storstilet russisk invasion i februar 2022. Zelenskyjs strategi under den russiske militæropbygning var at berolige den ukrainske befolkning og forsikre det internationale samfund om, at Ukraine ikke forsøgte at gøre gengæld. Han tog i første omgang afstand fra advarsler om en forestående krig, mens han også opfordrede til sikkerhedsgarantier og militær støtte fra NATO for at "modstå" truslen. Efter starten af invasionen erklærede Zelenskyj krigslov over hele Ukraine og en generel mobilisering af de væbnede styrker. Hans lederskab under krisen har vundet ham udbredt international ros, og han er blevet beskrevet som et symbol på den ukrainske modstand. Zelenskyj blev kåret til Person of the Year i 2022 af Time Magazine, og meningsmålinger i Ukraine har rangeret ham som Ukraines største præsident.

I 2003 giftede Zelenskyj sig med Olena Zelenska, som han havde gået i skole og på universitet med. Parrets første datter, Oleksandra, blev født i 2004. Deres søn, Kyrylo, blev født i 2013. Familien bor i Kyiv. Zelenskyjs førstesprog er russisk, og han taler også flydende ukrainsk og engelsk.

Baggrund og uddannelse
Volodymyr Oleksandrovytj Zelenskyj blev født den 25. januar 1978 af jødiske forældre i byen Kryvyj Rih i den daværende Ukrainske Socialistiske Sovjetrepublik. Hans far, Oleksandr Zelenskyj, er professor i kybernetik og leder af Institut for Informatik og Anvendt Software på Kryvyi Rih Økonomiske Institut; hans mor, Rymma Zelenska, er uddannet ingeniør. Hans farfar, Semjon (Simon) Ivanovytj Zelenskyj, tjente under Anden Verdenskrig som infanterist i Den Røde Hær og opnåede rang af oberst i den 57. motoriserede riffelgarderdivision. Semjons far og hans tre brødre blev alle myrdet under holocaust.

I Volodymyr Zelenskyjs tidlige barndom boede familien i en periode på fire år i byen Erdenet i Mongoliet på grund af faderens arbejde. Som 16-årig bestod Volodymyr Zelenskyj Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) og blev tildelt et stipendium i Israel. Rejsen blev dog ikke til noget, da hans far forbød ham at tage afsted. I stedet tog han senere en juragrad fra Kryvyi Rih Økonomiske Institut, dengang en afdeling af Kyivs Nationale Økonomiske Universitet, men arbejdede aldrig inden for det juridiske område, bortset fra et praktikophold på to måneder.

Underholdningskarriere
I stedet for at forfølge en karriere inden for jura drev han i en årrække medievirksomheden Kvartal 95, hvor han selv medvirkede som komiker. Virksomheden producerede bl.a. underholdningsprogrammer med politisk satire i et ugentligt show af samme navn samt tv-serien Sluha narodu ("Folkets tjener") fra 2010'erne.

Serien handlede om en gymnasielærer i historie, der får et raserianfald over sine arbejdsforhold, og en hemmelig video af dette går viralt på internettet. Hans elever presser ham til at stille op til præsidentvalget, hvorefter han bliver valgt uden at have gjort meget for det. Den samvittighedsfulde lærer, nu præsident, skal styre et helt land og tackle alle de problemer, som seriens publikum kender fra ukrainsk politik: overforbrug af offentlige ressourcer, luksus og korruption. Det sker under brug af pædagogisk snusfornuft og viser også hvordan man ikke skal løse problemerne.

Politisk karriere
Zelenskyj og andre med baggrund i medievirksomheden Kvartal 95 stiftede i marts 2018 det politiske parti Folkets tjener med samme navn som tv-serien.

I løbet af 2018 var Zelenskyj allerede blevet populær som politisk outsider i meningsmålingerne til præsidentvalget i 2019. Han annoncerede sit kandidatur nytårsaften 2018 i sammenhæng med med præsident Petro Porosjenkos nytårstale på tv-kanalen 1+1. Zelenskyj positionerede sig som en anti-establishment-kandidat, der ville bekæmpe korruption. Ligesom flere andre politiske ledere og partier i Ukraine er hans basis temmelig bred og populistisk, snarere end baseret på en klassisk ideologi. Han udtalte at han kun ville stille op til én valgperiode, men har dog i maj 2021 sagt at det vil komme an på den folkelige opbakning og hensynet til familien. Han ville arbejde for at afslutte Ukraines langvarige konflikt med Rusland og forsøge en dialog med den russiske præsident, Vladimir Putin.

Præsidentvalget 2019
I første valgrunde den 31. marts 2019 fik Zelenskyj 30 procent af stemmerne, mens de nærmeste konkurrenter var den siddende præsident Petro Porosjenko (16 %), tidligere premierminister Julija Tymosjenko (13 %) og den russiskvenlige Jurij Bojko (12 %). I anden valgrunde den 21. april 2019 fik Zelenskyj 73,2 %, mens Porosjenko fik 24,5 %.

Han blev indsat som præsident den 20. maj 2019. Allerede i sin indsættelsestale udskrev han parlamentsvalg til den 29. juli 2019, som ellers skulle være holdt i oktober. Ved valget fik hans parti Folkets tjener en jordskredssejr med 43 % af stemmerne og 254 af 424 mandater. Det var første gang et parti fik absolut flertal i parlamentet, Verkhovna Rada.

Som præsident
Som præsident har Zelenskyj været fortaler for e-forvaltning og samling mellem landets ukrainsktalende og russisktalende indbyggere. Hans kommunikation bruger i høj grad sociale medier, bl.a. Instagram. Zelenskyjs administration har gennemført visse fremskridt med hensyn til at bekæmpe korruption, f.eks. ophævelse af juridisk immunitet for parlamentsmedlemmer mistænkt for korruption. Kritikere af Zelenskyj hævder, at ved at tage magten fra de ukrainske oligarker, har han søgt at centralisere autoritet og styrke sin personlige position. Andre problemer, som skulle håndteres, har været COVID-19 og den følgende økonomiske recession, men ikke mindst den russiskstøttede borgerkrig i Donbass, som har pågået siden 2014.

Den russiske invasion
Den altoverskyggende opgave har siden februar 2022 været at bekæmpe den russiske invasion af Ukraine og søge international støtte til dette.

Zelenskyjs administration stod over for en stigende russisk militær trussel i 2021, der kulminerede med et russisk angreb i fuld skala den 24. februar 2022. Under optakten til invasionen søgte Zelenskyj at berolige den ukrainske befolkning og forsikre det internationale samfund om at Ukraine ikke ville angribe Rusland. Mens spekulationer om krig optog medierne i februar 2022, lagde han afstand til advarsler om en forestående krig, herunder den konkrete dato 16. februar, som var blevet nævnt af USA og Storbritannien. Han opfordrede samtidig til sikkerhedsgarantier og militær støtte fra NATO og EU for at kunne modstå truslen. Efter invasionen erklærede Zelenskyj krigstilstand i hele landet og mobilisering.

Kildehenvisninger

Eksterne henvisninger

Ukraines præsidenter
Nuværende statsoverhoveder
Politikere fra Ukraine
Komikere
Skuespillere fra Ukraine
Stemmeskuespillere
Humorister
Jurister
Filmproducere
Manuskriptforfattere fra Ukraine
Jøder fra Ukraine
Personer fra Kryvij Rih

Volodymyr Zelenskyj


A temporada 2008–09 da Milan foi a 75ª na história da Série A do Campeonato Italiano.

Novamente sob o comando de Carlo Ancelotti, os Rossoneri terminaram o Campeonato Italiano em terceiro lugar, com 74 pontos (mesma pontuação da , ficando atrás no saldo de gols), caindo nas oitavas-de-final da Coppa Italia e na fase 32-avos de final da Copa da UEFA após uma derrota para a  e 2 empates com o  (gol fora).

Foi a última temporada disputada por Paolo Maldini, que se despediu dos gramados no mesmo dia que Luis Figo (Internazionale) e Pavel Nedvěd (). Marcou também a volta de Andriy Shevchenko ao clube após 2 temporadas no , assinando por empréstimo.

Somando todas as competições, Alexandre Pato foi o artilheiro do Milan na temporada, com 18 gols, e também o jogador com mais partidas disputadas (42 jogos).

Uniforme
Fornecedor:
 Adidas

Patrocinadores Principais:
  bwin

{|
|

Resultados
 Série A: terceiro colocado
 Copa da Itália: Oitavas-de-final (eliminado pela )
 Copa da UEFA: Oitavas-de-final (eliminado pelo )

Jogadores

Elenco
 Legenda
 : Capitão
 : Prata da casa (Jogador da base)
 : Jogador lesionado

Transferências

Entradas

Saídas

Associazione Calcio Milan
Temporadas 2008–09 de clubes de futebol

Temporada da Associazione Calcio Milan de 2008–09


An Rhynchospora contracta in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Jean Raynal. An Rhynchospora contracta in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rhynchospora, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rhynchospora

Rhynchospora contracta


La Copa Sudamericana 2022, officiellement Copa Conmebol Sudamericana 2022, est la  de la Copa Sudamericana, équivalent sud-américain de la Ligue Europa. Le vainqueur se qualifie pour la Copa Libertadores 2023, la Recopa Sudamericana 2023, la Coupe Levain 2023 et le Club Challenge UEFA-CONMEBOL 2023.  sont engagés dans cette édition : quatre clubs par fédération nationale, sauf pour les fédérations argentine et brésilienne, qui engagent respectivement six clubs, puis quatre perdants du troisième tour préliminaire et les huit troisièmes de la phase de groupes de la Copa Libertadores sont repêchés en Copa Sudamericana.

Format

 Dans la première phase, des équipes de toutes les fédérations sauf l'Argentine et le Brésil joueront contre une équipe de leur même fédération en matchs aller et retour. Les vainqueurs se qualifieront pour la phase de groupes, donc chaque fédération aura deux équipes dans la phase de groupes.
 Les équipes d'Argentine et du Brésil, ainsi que les quatre équipes éliminées lors du troisième tour de la Copa Libertadores, seront incluses dans la phase de groupes. Les vainqueurs de chaque groupe se qualifieront pour les huitièmes de finale.
 Les huit clubs classés à la troisième place de la phase de groupes de la Copa Libertadores entreront dans la compétition en huitièmes de finale.

Règles
Le format de la compétition est toujours le même et consiste en une série de matchs aller-retour à élimination directe. Les clubs sont départagés ainsi :
 Nombre de buts marqués sur l'ensemble des deux rencontres,
 La règle du but à l'extérieur est abolie depuis le 15 novembre 2021, en cas d'égalité à la fin du second match, une séance de tirs au but est organisée. Il n'y a pas de prolongations.

Clubs participants

Compétition

Premier tour
Excepté les équipes du Brésil et de l'Argentine, les équipes rencontrent une autre équipe de la même fédération.

Les matchs se déroulent entre le 8 mars et le .

Phase de poules
Tirage au sort des poules le .

Les vainqueurs du premier tour sont rejoints par les équipes du Brésil, de l'Argentine et les quatre équipes repêchées du  de qualification de la Copa Libertadores

Les premiers de poule sont qualifiés pour les huitièmes de finale, ils seront rejoint par les troisièmes de poule de la Copa Libertadores 2022.

 Première journée : 5 au
 Deuxième journée : 12 au
 Troisième journée : 26 au
 Quatrième journée : 3 au
 Cinquième journée : 17 au
 Sixième journée : 24 au

Légende des classements

Groupe A

|}

Groupe B

|}

Groupe C

|}

Groupe D

|}

Groupe E

|}

Groupe F

|}

Groupe G

|}

Groupe H

|}

Phase à élimination directe

Qualification et tirage au sort
Les huit premiers de poule sont rejoints par les équipes placées à la troisième place des poules de la Copa Libertadores 2022.

Tirage au sort des huitièmes le .

Huitièmes de finale
Les matchs aller se jouent le 29 juin et les matchs retour le 6 juillet 2022.

Quarts de finale
Les matchs aller se jouent le 2/4 août et les matchs retour le  9/11 août 2022.

Demi-finales
Les matchs aller se jouent le 30 août/ septembre et les matchs retour le 6/8 septembre 2022.

Finale
La finale initialement prévue à Brasilia est déplacée en Argentine car à la même date sont prévus les élections au Brésil, elle est jouée le  octobre 2022 au Estadio Mario Alberto Kempes à Córdoba.

Tableau final

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Copa Libertadores 2022
 Copa Sudamericana

Copa Sudamericana
Amérique du Sud
2022 aux Amériques

Copa Sudamericana 2022


This is a chronology of events in the life of George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron  (22 January 1788 – 19 April 1824). Each year links to its corresponding "year in poetry" article:

1788
22 January – Born, 16 Holles Street, London.

1789
Mother (Catherine Gordon) took lodgings in Queen Street, Aberdeen.

1791
2 August – Father (John "Mad Jack" Byron) died in France never having seen his son.
Mother moved to flat in 64 Broad Street, Aberdeen.

1794–1798 – At Aberdeen Grammar School.

1798
21 May – George Gordon Byron became 6th Baron Byron of Rochdale on death of great-uncle.
August – With his mother took up residence at ancestral home, Newstead Abbey, near Nottingham.

1799
Lived with Parkyns family, Nottingham. Tutored by "Dummer" Rogers.
July – Removed to London by John Hanson, Byron's lawyer & business agent.
September – Attended Dr. Glennie's School, Dulwich Grove.
Spent Christmas holidays with Hanson family at Earl's Court, London.
Spent summer holiday in Newstead Abbey and fell in love with 1st cousin, Margaret Parker.

1801
April – Entered Harrow School.
Spent summer with mother at Mrs Massingberd's, 16 Piccadilly, at Hanson's and in Cheltenham.
Christmas holidays in Bath with mother.

1803
February – Newstead Abbey leased to Henry Edward Yelverton, 19th Baron Grey de Ruthyn.
21 July – Mother rented Burgage Manor, Southwell.
September – Fell madly in love with neighbour's daughter, Mary Chaworth, of Annesley Hall. Refused to go back to Harrow.
1804
January – Fell out with Lord Grey and returned to Harrow.
22 March – Started holiday at Burgage Manor and met the Pigots who lived opposite.

1805
2 August – Played for Harrow in annual cricket match v Eton at Lord's. Scored 6 notches.
24 October – Went up to Trinity College, Cambridge University.
Friendships with E.N.Long & John Edleston began.

1806
February – Got heavily in debt with moneylenders; dissipation in London.
April – Returned to Trinity College.
July – At Burgage Manor writing poems.
August – After acrimonious quarrel with mother escaped to London.
November – Collection of poems, Fugitive Pieces, privately printed.

1807
January Second volume of poetry, Poems on Various Occasions, privately printed.
June – Hours of Idleness published. Back at Cambridge started friendships with John Cam Hobhouse and Scrope Davies, Matthews and Hodgson.
December – Came down from Cambridge University for good.

1808
February – Hours of Idleness ridiculed in the Edinburgh Review.
March – Poems Original and Translated published.
July–August – At Brighton with John Hobhouse and Scrope Davies.

1809
13 March – Took seat in the House of Lords.
English Bards and Scotch Reviewers published.
20 June – Travelled to Falmouth with Hobhouse.
2 July – Set sail with Hobhouse in the Lisbon packet, Princess Elizabeth.
7 July – Arrived in Lisbon.
12–16 July – Explored Sintra.
20 July – Departed for Spain.
29 July – Arrived Cádiz.
3 August – Sailed in the frigate, Hyperion.
4 August – Arrived at the Rock of Gibraltar.
16 August – Sailed for Malta in packet Townshend.
31 August – Arrived Malta.
September – Had romantic affair with Mrs Spencer Smith.
19 September – Left Malta aboard the brig, Spider, for Greece & Albania.
26 September  – Aboard the Spider, at anchor off Patras, and spent several hours on shore.
26–28 September – Aboard the Spider, passed by Missolonghi, Ithaca, Cephalonia, and Santa Maura.
28 September – 19:00. Anchored off Preveza.
29 September – Landed at Preveza.
30 September – Visited the ruins of Nicopolis.
1 October – Left on a large boat for Salaora, the port of Arta, en route for Ioannina.
1–2 October – Stayed for two nights in customs house at Salaora.
3 October – Left by horse and arrived in Arta.
11 October – Left for Tepelenë, Albania, to meet Ali Pasha.
12 October – First encounter with Ali Pasha of Tepelenë.
26 October – Returned to Ioannina.
31 October – At Ioannina. Started poem, Childe Harold's Pilgrimage.
3 November – Slept the night at St. Dimitrios Chan, south of Ioannina.
4 November – Arrived at Arta.
5 November – Arrived at Salaora.
6 November – Arrived at Preveza.
7 November – Left Preveza at noon aboard a turkish galleote for Santa Maura.
8 November – Due to bad weather they finished up at Porto Fanari.
9 November – Decided to return by horse to Preveza.
10 November – Visited the ruins of Nicopolis again.
13 November – Sailed from Preveza to Vonitsa.
14 November – Travelled towards Missolonghi.
20 November – Visited Missolonghi.
25 December – Arrived at Athens.

1810
Mar–Apr – Toured Turkey, visited Smyrna, Ephesus, Troy.
5 March – Arrived Smyrna aboard the brig Pylades.
3 May – Swam Hellespont from Sestos to Abydos.
13 May – Arrived Constantinople.
18 July – Arrived Athens.
21 July – Left for the Morea.
26 July – Arrived Patras.
19 August(?) – At Athens: stayed in Capuchin monastery.
18 October – Returned Athens.

1811
March – Wrote Hints from Horace & The Curse of Minerva
22 April – Sailed in the Hydra
30 April–2 June – At Malta. Sailed for England in frigate Volage
14 July – Landed Sheerness; at Reddish's Hotel, St James' Street.
1 August – Mother died.
3 August – At Newstead Abbey; Matthews drowned at Cambridge.
16 October – Visited Cambridge University with Scrope Berdmore Davies.
28 October – Took up residence at 8 St James Street's, London.
4 November – Dinner with Samuel Rogers to meet the poet Thomas Moore.
19 December – After further visit to Cambridge left for Newstead, where Byron had an affair with Welsh maid, Susan Vaughan.

1812
27 February – Maiden speech in House of Lords – opposing the Framework Bill 1812
10 March – Childe Harold's Pilgrimage Cantos I & II published, which made Byron famous overnight.
25 March – First saw Annabella Milbanke.
April – Affair with Lady Caroline Lamb started.
21 April – Second speech in the House of Lords – in favor of Catholic emancipation.
15 August – Thomas Claughton offered £140,000 for Newstead but delayed payment.
September – Wrote Drury Lane Theatre Address at request of Lord Holland.
October – Proposal of marriage to Annabella Milbanke rejected; Wrote The Waltz.
24 October – Left for Eywood, Presteign, to visit the Oxfords.
21 November – Left Eywood to stay with Jerseys at Middleton.
30 November – At Batt's Hotel, Dover Street, London.
14 December(?) – Back at Eywood.

1813
19 January – Took lodgings at 4 Bennet Street, St James'.
29 May – Accompanied Moore to visit Leigh Hunt in prison.
1 June – Last speech in House of Lords.
8 June – First edition of The Giaour published.
20 June – Met Madame de Stael for first time.
26 June – Augusta Leigh arrives in London, and is met by her half-brother, Byron.
1 July – Third (and final) speech in the House of Lords – Debate on Major Cartwright's Petition
August – Correspondence with Miss Milbanke begun.
September – Visit to James Wedderburn Webster and dallied with Lady Frances Webster.
19 October – "Spared" Lady Frances and returned to London.
14 November – Began Journal (continued to 19 April 1814).
2 December – Bride of Abydos published.

1814
1 February – Corsair published. 10,000 copies sold on day of publication.
March – Sat to Phillips for portrait.
28 March – Rented apartment in Albany, Piccadilly.
2 April – With Augusta at her home at Six Mile Bottom, Cambs .
16 April – Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte published anonymously.
1 July – At Duke of Wellington's Ball.
22 July – At Hastings with Augusta.
6 August – Lara published with Samuel Rogers' Jacqueline.
9 September – Tentative proposal to Annabella Milbanke.
15 September – Received Annabelle's acceptance of proposal of marriage.
29 October – Left for Seaham, near Durham, Annabella's home.
30–31 October – At Six-Mile-Bottom with Augusta.
2 November – Arrived Seaham.
16 November – Left for London.
18 November – At Cambridge.
19–22 November – At Six Mile Bottom.
23 November – Applauded by undergraduates at Cambridge University.
24 November – London.
24 December – Left with Hobhouse for Seaham.
25 December – Christmas at Six Mile Bottom.
30 December – Arrived Seaham.

1815
2 January – Married to Miss Annabella Milbanke at Seaham.
2–21 January – Treaclemoon at Halnaby, Yorkshire.
21 January – 9 March – At Seaham.
12–28 March – At Six Mile Bottom.
29 March – Settled at 13 Piccadilly Terrace, London.
7 April – Met Sir Walter Scott at John Murray, Albemarle Street.
17 April – Death of Lord Wentworth; Milbankes took name of Noel.
April – Hebrew Melodies published with musical score by Nathan.
May – Became member of Management Sub-Committee, Drury Lane Theatre.
June–July – Visited Leigh Hunt at Maida Vale, London.
29 July – Signed new will leaving estate residue to Augusta Leigh.
October – Wrote Siege of Corinth.
November – Wrote Parisina.
10 December – Birth of Ada Lovelace, poet's only legitimate daughter.

1824
19 April – Died of Malaria in Missolonghi, Greece.

External links
The Byron Chronology

Chronology
Byron, George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron, Chronology

Timeline of Lord Byron


مكعب بيدلام  هو عبارة عن لغز صلب اخترعه بروس بيدلام. يتألف المكعب من ثلاثة عشر قطعة على شكل متعدد مكعبات، اثنا عشر منها خماسية مكعبات وواحدة رباعية المكعبات. الهدف هو تجميع هذه القطع لتشكيل مكعب بقياس أربع مكعبات صغيرة لكل ضلع من أضلاعه.

هناك 19,186 طريقة مختلفة لحل هذا اللغز (بغض النظر عن دورانات وانعكاسات القطع).

على الرغم من أن مكعب بيدلام هو نسخة زائدة على مكعب سوما (قياس الضلع ثلاث مكعبات صغيرة) إلا أن حله أصعب بكثير من مكعب سوما.

مراجع

وصلات خارجية

 الموقع الرسمي لمكعب بيدلام
 برنامج يحل مكعب بيدلام.

رياضيات مسلية
هندسة متقطعة
أحجيات

مكعب بيدلام


Madeleine Harris (Londres, 28 de abril de 2001) é uma atriz britânica conhecida por suas dublagens nos filmes Paddington (2014) e Man Down (2015).

Biografia
Nascida em Londres, Madeleine cresceu em sua cidade natal e em Shepton Mallet, Somerset.

Carreira
Em 2012, Harris teve seu primeiro trabalho profissional de atuação, em Casualty. Depois dessa atuação, Madeleine Harris trabalhou nas séries Me and Mrs. Jones e The White Queen. Em 2013, intepretou a vampira de 360 anos Hetty em Being Human.

Em 2017, Madeleine estreou em seu maior trabalho, Paddington, após passar no teste que tinha mais de 100 concorrentes. De 2013 a 2016, Harris interpretou Karen no sitcom Man Down. Em 2014, enquanto ainda estudava, Madeleine Harris conseguiu combinar os horários da escola com a carreira de atriz. Além de atuar, Madeleine sempre gostou de outras atividades artísticas, como escrever suas próprias histórias, que pratica desde jovem.

Filmografia

Ligações externas

Atrizes da Inglaterra
Atrizes do Reino Unido

Madeleine Harris


Mađarski nogometni savez (mađ.: Magyar Labdarúgó Szövetség (MLSZ)) je glavno nogometno tijelo Mađarske.
Osnovan je 1901. i pridružuje se FIFA-i u 1907. g. Mađarski nogometni savez je jedan od osnivača UEFA-e.

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica

Nogomet u Mađarskoj
Nacionalni nogometni savezi

Mađarski nogometni savez


Sigle
COREST est un sigle qui signifie Comité régional des services de transport.

C'est une .

Références

COREST


Ljekoviti maslačak (lat. Taraxacum officinale) jest korisna, ljekovita i jestiva zeljasta trajnica iz porodice glavočika. Naraste od 15 do 25 cm visine, okruglaste uspravne šuplje stabljike. Korijen je je slabo razgranat, ali može biti dug do 140 cm, pa dobro crpi vodu i hranjive tvari iz tla.

Rasprostranjen je po cijeloj Europi i Aziji, a nalazi se po svim livadama, i suhim i vlažnim, po oranicama, vrtovima, pašnjacima i na visokim planinama. Cvate kroz dugo razdoblje, pa je omiljen pčelama koje sakupljaju njegov nektar i pelud. Jestivi su svi dijelovi biljke, list, cvijet, korijen i stabljika.

Sastav

Mliječni sok biljke sadrži taraksacin i taraksacerin, 2-3% gume, a cvjetovi maslačka i lišće sadrže taraksantin, flavoksantin, vitamine C(35 mg/100g), A ( 508 mkg/100g), B2 (0,26 mg/100g), E (3,44 mg/100g), PP, holin, saponine, smole, soli mangana, željezo (3,1 mg/100g), kalcij (187 mg/100g), fosfor (66mg/100g), do 5% proteina, što ih čini hranjivom hranom.

Korijen maslačka sadrži triterpenske spojeve : taraksasterol, tarakserol, pseudotaraksasterol, β-amirin; steroli : β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, taraksol; ugljikohidrate : do 40% inulina ; masno ulje, koje sadrži gliceride palmitinske, linolne, oleinske, cerotinske kiseline; guma, proteini, sluz, smole itd. Taraksantin, flavoksantin, lutein, triterpenski alkoholi, arnidiol, faradiol nalaze se u cvjetnim glavicama i lišću .

Uporaba u narodnoj medicini
Maslačak se koristi za liječenje hepatitisa, žučnih kamenaca, žutice, gastritisa, kolitisa, cistitisa, za poboljšanje apetita i probave, kod konstipacije, nadimanja, a također i kao antihelmintik. Njegova uporaba kao diuretika, još uvijek nije znanstveno dokazana, ali jedna studija govori da možda moguća i takva upotreba.

Može djelovati antioksidativno, protuupalno te snižava krvni tlak i koncentraciju glukoze u krvi dok se konzumira.

Svježi listovi i sok od lista preporučuju se za liječenje ateroskleroze, kožnih bolesti, nedostatka vitamina C i anemije.

Infuzija biljke zajedno s korijenjem koristi se za razne bolesti jetre i žučnog mjehura, tumore, urolitijazu, hemoroide. Infuzija bilja koristi se za nedostatak vitamina, kao i za razne kožne bolesti poput osipa i akne.

U tradicionalnoj kineskoj medicini, svi dijelovi biljke koriste se kao antipiretik, dijaforetik, restorativ, kao i kod smanjenog apetita, ugriza zmija, kako bi se pojačala laktacija kod dojilja, kod upale limfnih čvorova, furunkuloza i druge kožne bolesti.

Maslačak se također koristi iznutra i izvana za furunkulozu, ekcem, kožne osipe. Uljna tinktura korijena maslačka koristi se kao sredstvo u liječenju opeklina, a pri uklanjanju bradavica se mliječni sok biljke koristi lokalno.

Ponekad se za liječenje ekcema priprema mast iz praha korijena maslačka i meda u omjeru 1:2.

Uporaba za jelo
Listovi se biljke prije cvatnje rado koriste   kao vrlo zdrava i ukusna salata. Od cvjetova se može prirediti vino,piva te   tkz med od maslačka. Od prženog korijena dobiva se nadomjestak kave.

Uporaba kao boja
Žuta boje može se dobiti iz cvijeća, ali vrlo malo boje se dobiva iz korijena biljke.

Sinonimi
 Chondrilla taraxacum (L.) Stokes
 Leontodon taraxacum L.
 Leontodon taraxacum var. vulgare Benth.
 Leontodon vulgaris Lam.
 Taraxacum campylodes G.E.Haglund
 Taraxacum dens-leonis Desf.
 Taraxacum officinale subsp. vulgare Schinz & R.Keller

Dodatna literatura

 Grlić, Lj. Samoniklo jestivo bilje, Zagreb 1980.

Galerija slika

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Taraxacum+officinale

Maslačak
Ljekovito bilje
Samoniklo jestivo bilje
Flora Hrvatske

Ljekoviti maslačak


Seiko {Japonca: セイコーホールディングス株式会社 Seikō Hōrudingusu Kâbushiki-gaisha}, Japon saat ve optik aletler üreten bir şirkettir.

Tarihçe ve gelişme

Erken tarih

Seiko'nun tarihi 1881'de, kurucusu Kintarō Hattori'nin Japonya'nın Tokyo kentinde "K. Hattori" () adında bir saat ve kuyumcu dükkânı açmasıyla başladı.

Kintarō Hattori, 13 yaşından beri saatçi çırağı olarak çalışıyordu ve Seijiro Sakurai adlı uzman bir teknisyen tarafından işletilen "Kobayashi Saat Mağazası", Nihonbashi'deki "Kameda Saat Mağazası", saat satmayı ve tamir etmeyi öğrendiği Ueno'daki "Sakata Saat Dükkânı" gibi farklı saat dükkânlarında birden fazla görevde bulunuyordu.

1881'de, Japonya yapımı saat ve kol saatlerinin yeni bir çağı başlıyordu. Tokyo, Osaka ve Nagoya'daki öncüler, Batı ürünlerine dayalı cep saatlerini inceliyor ve üretiyorlardı. Japon toptancılarının ithal edilen tüm saatleri Yokohama, Kobe ve diğer açık liman bölgelerinde kurulu dış ticaret şirketlerinden satın almaları gerekiyordu.

1885 yılında, Bay Hattori, Yokohama yerleşimindeki bu dış ticaret firmalarıyla doğrudan batıdan (ithal) saat ve makinelerin toptan ve perakende satışına odaklanan işlerle uğraşmaya başladı.

Yıllar içinde Kintarō Hattori, C&J Favre-Brandt, F. Perregaux & Co., Zanuti & Cie. ve Siber & Brennwald de dahil olmak üzere birçok dış ticaret firması ile yakın bir ortaklık geliştirdi ve o sırada başka hiç kimsede bulunmayan özel ithal saatler ve makineler elde etmesine izin verdi.

Bay Hattori'nin dükkânı, Japonya'da başka hiçbir yerde bulunamayan ithal saatlerin çok nadir satılması nedeniyle giderek daha popüler hale geldi. Bu artan başarı, şirketi bugüne kadar Japonya'da ticaretin merkez üssü olan Ginza (Tokyo) ana caddesine taşımasına izin verdi.

Müşterilerinden gelen desteğin miktarı, Bay Hattori'yi bir sonraki adımı, kendisi de üretici olmak olan bir sonraki adımı atmaya teşvik etti; kısa bir süre sonra Tokyo'da bir fabrika satın alıp adını 'Seikosha' () olarak yeniden adlandırdı.

1891'de, K. Hattori & Co.'nun kuruluşundan 10 yıl sonra, 31 yaşındaki Kintaro'dan endüstride iki önemli pozisyon alması istendi; biri Tokyo Saatçi ve Saatçiler Derneği'nin direktörlüğü, diğeri ise Tokyo Ticaret Odası üyeliği.

Sekiz yıl sonra 1895'te başarılı saat satıcısı, Ginza 4-chome'un (bugünkü perakendeci WAKO'nun yerinde) tüm köşeyi satın aldı ve 16 metre yüksekliğinde saat kuleli bir bina inşa edip yeni adreste bir mağaza açtı.

1892'de Bay Hattori, kabaca "Mükemmel İşçilik Evi" anlamına gelen  adı altında saat üretmeye başladı. " Seiko'nun "Zamanda Bir Yolculuk: Seiko'nun Olağanüstü Hikayesi" (2003) başlıklı resmi şirket geçmişine göre Seiko,  anlamına gelen Japonca bir kelimedir.;   kelimesiyle eş seslidir.

Japonca'da "GLORY" kelimesiyle ilişkili olduğuna inanılan bir hasta alâmet kaçınmak için Seikosha, 1924'te ticari markasını "SEIKO" olarak değiştirdi.

1985'te Orient ve Seiko birleştiler. Seiko Group, Seiko Corporation (SEIKO), Seiko Instruments Inc. (SII) ve Seiko Epson Corporation (EPSON) olarak üçe bölündü.

1969 yılında ise Seiko "Astron" isimli ilk kuvarz saati tanıtıldı. Ardından Spring Drive modeli ile ilk pilsiz saati üretildi. Bu saatin mekaniği, içerisindeki yaylar ile küçük bir tekerleği çevirerek kinetik enerjiyi çok küçük bazlı elektrik enerjisine dönüştürmektir. (~25 nanoWatts)

Seiko ürünleri kuvars ve mekanik saatlerinin en ucuzu 50 Amerikan doları ve en pahalısı (the Credor Spring Drive Sonnerie) 100,000 Amerikan dolarının üzerindedir.

Seiko'nun Seiko "5" Serisi mekanik saatleri kolleksiyoncular tarafından ödüllendirilmiş saatlerdir.

Resmi sayaç sponsorlukları
Seiko ürünü saatler birçok resmi organizasyonda hakemler tarafından kullanıldı. Bu organizasyonlar şunlardır:
 1964 Tokyo Olimpik Yaz Oyunları, Japonya.
 1978 Dünya Kupası, Arjantin.
 1982 Dünya Kupası, Spain.
 1986 Dünya Kupası, Meksika.
 1987 (IAAF) Dünya Atletizm Şampiyonası, Italy.
 1990 Dünya Kupası, Italy.
 1991 (IAAF) Dünya Atletizm Şampiyonası, Tokyo-Japonya.
 1992 Barselona Olimpik Yaz Oyunları, İspanya.
 1994 Lillehammer Olimpik Kış Oyunları, Norveç.
 1998 Nagano Olimpik Kış Oyunları, Japonya.
 2002 Salt Lake City Olimpik Kış Oyunları, USA.

Sahip olduğu markalar
Seiko firmasının sahip olduğu ve pazarladığı markalar şunlardır;
 Seiko (Grand Seiko, Dolce & Exceline, Brightz, Lukia, Prospex, iu, Ruse, Ferrucci, Ignition, Premier, Coutura, Arctura, Sportura, Criteria, Rivoli, Vivace, vs.)
 Credor
 Galante
 Wired
 Wired XYZ
 Alba
 Decor Seiko
 Seiko Emblem
 Seiko Premium
 Seiko
 Pyxis
 Pulsar
 Lorus
 Brightz
 Lukia
 Spirit

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 Seiko Japonya sitesi
 Seiko Saat Japonya sitesi
 Seiko Saat uluslararası sitesi
 Seiko Spring Drive™ sitesi
 Seiko kalibre numarası sorgulama

1881'de kurulan şirketler
Japonya merkezli elektronik şirketleri

Seiko


Coclinta este un regionalism din zona Maramureșului folosit pentru a descrie o turtă din aluat nedospit din făină de grau.

Aluatul se frământă, se întinde si se poate umple cu diverse ingrediente (branza, legume, carne);  coclinta se coace pe ambele părți pe plita sobei. Turta din faină de grâu simplă sau umplută este foarte întâlnită în România, cât și în Republica Moldova și are o istorie la fel de îndelungată ca și cea a grâului.

Variante ale turtei atât din făină de grâu cât și din alte cereale există în toată lumea, cel mai probabil de la începutul neoliticului, odată cu dezvoltarea cultivării grâului, orzului și meiului.

Note

Mâncăruri românești

Coclintă


Pali Aike es un campo volcánico ubicado en la Patagonia oriental, en el límite entre la provincia argentina de Santa Cruz y la región de Magallanes y Antártica Chilena, y a corta distancia del estrecho de Magallanes, a lo largo de la frontera entre los dos países. Es parte de una familia de volcanes de retroarco, que se formó a partir de procesos que involucran la colisión de la dorsal Chile con la fosa Perú-Chile. Se encuentra más al este que la zona volcánica austral, el arco que conforma el cinturón volcánico de los Andes en esta latitud. Pali Aike se formó sobre una cuenca de edad jurásica a partir del Mioceno tardío como consecuencia de eventos tectónicos regionales. La última erupción conocida data de ±1000 años.

El campo volcánico consiste en una formación de basalto de meseta más antigua y centros volcánicos más jóvenes en forma de conos piroclásticos, conos de escoria, maars y flujos de lava. Hay aproximadamente 467 respiraderos en un área de 4500 kilómetros cuadrados; a menudo, estos se distribuyen a lo largo de lineamientos o fallas, junto con maars y otros lagos, tanto volcánicos como no volcánicos. Además destaca por la presencia de gran cantidad de xenolitos en sus rocas y porque albergar el maar Potrok Aike, de donde se han obtenido datos paleoclimáticos. El campo estuvo activo desde hace 3,78 millones de años: las últimas erupciones ocurrieron durante el Holoceno, como lo indica el entierro de artefactos arqueológicos; el maar de Laguna Azul se formó unos 3400 años antes del presente.

La porción del campo dentro de Chile está protegida por el parque nacional Pali Aike desde 1970. Una pequeña parte de la sección argentina está incluida dentro de la reserva provincial geológica Laguna Azul. En la parte chilena se encuentra la cueva Fell, un yacimiento arqueológico donde se han hallado restos de ocupación humana datados con una antigüedad de alrededor de 11 000 años, lo que corresponde al asentamiento más antiguo de la Patagonia. El sitio ha sido propuesto por Chile como candidato a formar parte del Patrimonio de la Humanidad. A fecha de 2021 ciertas zonas constituyen áreas protegidas en Chile y Argentina, y en este último país la ciudad de Río Gallegos se encuentra a 23 kilómetros del campo volcánico.

Nombre
El nombre Pali Aike proviene del idioma tehuelche, donde pale significa «hambre» y aike significa «ubicación». Originalmente era el nombre de una estancia y luego se aplicó al campo volcánico.

Geografía humana
El campo volcánico Pali Aike se extiende por la frontera entre Argentina y Chile, al noroeste del Estrecho de Magallanes. La mayor parte del campo se encuentra en Argentina dentro de la parte más al sur de la provincia de Santa Cruz, mientras que la parte chilena se encuentra en la comuna de San Gregorio. Las ciudades de Río Gallegos (Argentina) y Punta Arenas (Chile) se encuentran al noreste y suroeste de Pali Aike respectivamente. Inusualmente para los volcanes argentinos, los pertenecientes a  Pali Aike están cerca de áreas urbanas ya que el respiradero más cercano está a solo 23 kilómetros o 30 kilómetros de distancia de Río Gallegos;  los respiraderos se observan fácilmente desde la ciudad. Los pasos fronterizos Monte Aymond e integración Austral se encuentra junto al campo volcánico y la Ruta Nacional Argentina 3 pasa por dicho campo. En el lado chileno existen rutas de senderismo.

Geografía y estructura

Local
El campo volcánico Pali Aike cubre una superficie de 4500 kilómetros cuadrados , y se extiende más de 150 kilómetros de noroeste a sureste. Está formado por una meseta de flujos de lava que tiene hasta 120 metros de grosor (en su alcance noroeste), con un relieve promedio de 20-100 metros. Esta altiplanicie está formada por tablas que contienen depresiones y lagos y cuyos márgenes son pendientes empinadas que acumulan bloques a sus pies. Incluye los restos de centros volcánicos individuales, y algunos cuellos volcánicos situados en la parte central del oeste del campo pueden ser los componentes anteriormente subterráneos de los edificios volcánicos ahora erosionados. Entre estos tapones volcánicos se encuentran los cañados Domeyko, Gay y Philippi Hills, que sobresalen de manera visual de las llanuras circundantes. Las rocas volcánicas estaban emplazadas sobre los sedimentos de la edad terciaria, que fueron alisados por la acción glaciar. Los limos son a menudo inestables y propensos a perder masa y deslizamientos de tierra.

Hay cuatrocientas sesenta y siete fumarolas volcánicas en el campo. Los volcanes monogenéticos se emplazan en la meseta de lava a elevaciones de 110 a 180 metros sobre el nivel del mar e incluyen maars, anillos de toba y conos de escoria. Estos diversos centros se elevan entre 20 y 160 metros sobre el terreno circundante.  Los cráteres anidados y los perforados, y los respiraderos de fisura son comunes entre los diversos respiraderos, al igual que los flujos de lava, pero no se investigó demasiado sobre los conos de escoria. Las coladas de lava incrustados en los valles alcanzan longitudes de 8 kilómetros. Los conos volcánicos en Pali Aike incluyen Aymond, Colorado, Dinero, Fell y Negro. El respiradero Cerro del Diablo, un cono volcánico, es el volcán más joven en el campo y ha emitido lava ʻaʻā y pahoehoe, que tienen una apariencia fresca y no cubren el suelo.  Los respiraderos fueron el origen de los flujos de lava, que a veces rompieron los mismos. Algunos flujos son más antiguos y están cubiertos de tierra, mientras que los más jóvenes no lo están. Estas corrientes de lava jóvenes también tienen características superficiales que incluyen túneles de lava, hornitos, túmulos y una superficie rugosa. Algunos de estos están muy erosionados, mientras que la parte sureste del campo presenta centros de aspecto fresco, donde forman los «Basaltos del Diablo». Los volcanes individuales se subdividen en tres grupos, que se denominan «U1» (la meseta de lava), «U2» (los centros más antiguos) y «U3» (para los respiraderos más recientes).

Los maars son depresiones en el suelo que están rodeadas por un anillo de sedimento que se eleva por encima del terreno circundante; por lo general, se forman donde el agua congelada o líquida interactúa con el magma ascendente y provoca explosiones. En Pali Aike hay alrededor de cien de ellos, con diámetros que van desde los 500 metros hasta los 4000, y conforman la topografía característica del campo volcánico. El suelo periglacial es rico en hielo y agua, lo que podría explicar porqué hay tantos maars en Pali Aike. Notable entre estos cuerpos de agua es la laguna Azul, un lago de cráter que se encuentra dentro de un anillo piroclástico al lado de un cono de escoria. Este maar se formó durante tres etapas en tres cráteres separados y también es la fuente de un flujo de lava. Potrok Aike, en comparación, es mucho más grande (diámetro del cráter de 5 kilómetros); su borde es apenas reconocible y parece ser más parecido a un maar. Hay maars adicionales en la parte suroeste del campo que son los denominados «West Maar» y «East Maar», que contienen los lagos Laguna Salsa y Laguna del Ruido respectivamente, Bismarck, Carlota, Los Flamencos, Laguna Salida/Laguna Ana y Lago Timone.

Varios respiraderos forman varias alineaciones, generalmente a lo largo de las líneas noroeste-sureste y este-noreste-oeste-suroeste; algunos centros más antiguos muestran un patrón norte-sur. Tales alineaciones ocurren cuando las alineaciones locales actúan como un camino para que el magma ascienda a la corteza y controlen no solo la posición de los respiraderos, sino también la forma de los volcanes que se forman encima de los respiraderos. Estas líneas coinciden con el rumbo de la zona de falla de Magallanes-Fagnano y el más antiguo Rift Austral Patagónico. Las fallas dentro del campo han estado activas en el Terciario y en el Holoceno, y un foso en la parte suroeste del campo ha desviado los flujos de lava.

El río Gallegos pasa al norte del campo volcánico, mientras que su afluente el río Chico cruza el campo volcánico de suroeste a noreste. El terreno del campo es altamente permeable al agua, que luego forma humedales que atraen a un número de aves y manantiales que se utilizan como fuente de agua. Los maars no son los únicos cuerpos de agua dentro del campo; también existen lagos formados por presas de lava, lagos glaciares y lagos formados por la deflación del viento. Algunas de estas masas de agua se secan a fines del verano, lo que permite que el viento elimine los sedimentos de los lechos de los lagos, lo que se convierte así en el origen de largos campos de dunas. Se ha observado un crecimiento activo de tales rachas de viento en Pali Aike. Las rachas de viento son una ocurrencia poco común en la Tierra; son mucho más comunes en Marte.

Regional
Pali Aike es parte del arco posterior patagónico, una zona de lavas de la meseta de la edad cenozoica. Estas lavas de meseta son de basalto alcalino y de basalto toleítico; hawaiite, traquiandesita y traquita están presentes en cantidades más pequeñas. Desde el sur hasta el norte, las lavas de la meseta incluyen Pali Aike en sí, meseta Vizcachas, meseta de la Muerte, gran Meseta Central, meseta Buenos Aires, cerro Pedrero, meseta de Somuncura, pino Hachado y buta Ranquil. Su actividad comenzó hace 16 millones de años, cuando el dorsal de Chile chocó con la fosa de Perú-Chile y, por lo tanto, causó una fisura en la losa subductora y la formación de una ventana de losa debajo de la Patagonia.  Otra teoría es que la reversión de losa puede ser el mecanismo por el cual el volcanismo se activa en la región de Pali Aike. Las tendencias de edad del volcanismo se han interpretado como indicar una migración hacia el sur o una de noreste en el caso de la lavas de la meseta, siguiendo el movimiento de la unión triple al norte;  en ese caso Pali Aike sería una excepción, probablemente debido a los efectos tectónicos locales. Sin embargo, algunas lavas de meseta más antigua en el norte se formaron en respuesta a un evento de subducción de cresta anterior en el Eoceno y el Palaeoceno.

El arco volcánico andino se encuentra a 300 kilómetros al oeste de Pali Aike, en forma de la zona volcánica austral, una cadena de estratovolcanoes y un campo volcánico (Fueguino), que es el volcán más austral de América del Sur. El campo volcánico de Camusu Aike, fechado en 2.5 a 2,9 millones de años, está a 200 kilómetros al noroeste y el volcán Morro Chico a unos 50 kilómetros al oeste de Pali Aike.

Geología

En el extremo sur de América del Sur, la Placa Antártica se subduce debajo de ese continente a un ritmo de 2 centímetros por año en la Fosa Perú-Chile. Este proceso de subducción ha causado vulcanismo adakítico en el margen occidental de la parte más austral de América del Sur, formando la Zona Volcánica Austral.

La Patagonia es una región donde interactúan cuatro placas tectónicas: la Placa Antártica, la Placa de Nazca, la Placa Scotia y la Placa Sudamericana. Comenzando hace 4 millones de años, la Dorsal de Chile chocó con la Fosa Perú-Chile. Esta colisión ocurrió originalmente al oeste de Tierra del Fuego, pero desde entonces se ha movido hacia el norte, hacia la península de Taitao. Más al sur, la interacción entre las placas de Escocia y América del Sur dio lugar a las fallas Deseado y Magallanes-Fagnano.

Composición
El campo volcánico Pali Aike se compone principalmente de basalto alcalino y basanito, que forman una suite alcalina rica en sodio; se ha encontrado en algunas ocasiones nefelinita y hawaiite. La fase fenucleística más importante es la olivina, que también aparece como xenolito; otros minerales incluyen piroxeno, diópsido y plagioclasa. La matriz tiene una composición similar con la adición de auge, feldespato y magnetita y ocasionalmente ilmenita y nefelina. Las rocas Pali Aike típicamente cuentan con xenolitos ultramáficos que contienen auge, dunita, eclogita, granate, harzburgita, lherzolita, peridotita, phlogopite, piroxenita, espinela y wehrlites. La composición de estos xenolitos indica que se originaron desde la corteza y el manto. Además, las rocas de Pali Aike contienen inclusiones de fluidos que consisten en dióxido de carbono.

La composición elemental es típica de los basaltos de intraplatos alcalinos. La geoquímica de las rocas Pali Aike se ha interpretado como originaria de la fusión de la peridotita en el manto junto con el fraccionamiento de la olivina y con granate residual; no hay rastro de influencia geoquímica del cinturón volcánico andino adyacente y la zona de subducción asociada. Una litosfera oceánica más antigua que estaba emplazada durante el proterozoico-paleozoico en el área también está involucrado en Magma Génesis. Los diversos índices de isótopos son típicos de los llamados basaltos de arco «cratónico», que están alejados del cinturón volcánico andino y se asemejan a los basaltos de las islas del océano. Se ha discutido el papel del punto de acceso Bouvet en el acceso del Atlántico para su generación.

Registro geológico
El zócalo debajo de Pali Aike contiene la cuenca de Magallanes de la edad Jurásica, que se formó durante la ruptura de Gondwana y luego se llenó de rocas volcánicas y sedimentarias. El manto debajo de Pali Aike alcanza los 2 500 millones de años de antigüedad. El macizo parcialmente neoproterozoico Deseado Massif se encuentra al norte de Pali Aike y puede extenderse debajo del campo hasta Tierra del Fuego; No hay evidencia de que exista un zócalo precámbrico en el área de Pali Aike.  Durante el oligoceno, una transgresión marina depositó la formación Patagonia, durante los sedimentos fluviales del mioceno formó la formación Santa Cruz. La sedimentación cesó en la región hace 14 millones de años, probablemente porque en ese momento la sombra orográfica de los Andes fue efectiva en el área. En ese momento, la cresta de Chile cortó por primera vez con la zanja de Perú-Chile al oeste de Tierra del Fuego; desde entonces, la zona de colisión ha migrado al norte a la Península de Taitao en Chile occidental.

Las morrenas se encuentran al oeste y al sur del campo volcánico. El área de Pali Aike se glació durante el Pleistoceno Medio, y los glaciares erosionaron los flujos de lava contemporáneos. En parte sobre la base de las fechas de estos flujos de lava, se estableció que la glaciación mayor y más grande (Glaciación Bella Vista) ocurrió hace aproximadamente entre 1.17 y 1.02 millones de años. La última glaciación (Cabo Vírgenes, Río Ciaike y Telken VI-I) fue menos extensa, pero alcanzó el Océano Atlántico en ocasiones. Esta glaciación terminó antes de 760 000 años; no hay evidencia de los últimos glaciares del Último Máximo Glacial.

Causa de vulcanismo
El origen de los magmas de tipo oceánico cerca de los límites de placas, que también se producen en otros lugares del mundo, generalmente se atribuye a los procesos dependientes de losas. El más importante de estos es la formación de ventanas de losa (huecos en la placa descendente que permiten ascender la astenosfera) cuando los dorsales medioceánicos colisionan con zonas de subducción.  La ventana de losa generada por la subducción de la cresta de Chile pasó a las latitudes de Pali Aike hace unos 4,5 millones de años; La actividad volcánica comenzó poco después, pero la diferencia de tiempo es lo suficientemente lo suficientemente como para que el manto influenciado en la subducción sea desplazado por un manto más fresco que se mueve a través de la ventana, que es la fuente principal de las rocas volcánicas de Pali Aike. Hace ocho a seis millones de años, un cambio en el movimiento de la placa de América del Sur en relación con la placa de Escocia causó el inicio de un régimen tectónico de estiramiento en el área de Pali Aike, lo que permite el ascenso de Magmas.  Las grandes cantidades de xenolitos y primatividad de los Magmas sugieren que una vez que se formaron, ascendieron rápidamente a través de la corteza a la superficie.

Historia eruptiva
La actividad volcánica en Pali Aike abarca del Plioceno tardío al Holoceno y se ha subdividido en las tres unidades U1, U2 y U3. La unidad U1 más antigua consta de la meseta basáltica, mientras que U2 y U3 son respiradores individuales con flujos de lava acompañantes.  La etapa volcánica de Mioceno adicional («Basaltos Bella Vista») se cultiva en el extremo noroeste del campo volcánico y está fuertemente erosionado.  No hay evidencia de una migración sistemática de los sitios de respiración. La datación potasio-argón han dado una antigüedad edad de entre 3.78 y 0.17 millones de años. La edad de Potrok Aike no se conoce con certeza, pero su edad mínima en base a los datos del núcleo de sedimentos es de 240 000 años.

El respiradero más joven es Diablo Negro-la Morada del Diablo ubicado a lo largo de la frontera con Chile-Argentina, que cubrió con lava un área de 100 kilómetros cuadrados. Los depósitos volcánicos han cubierto los artefactos arqueológicos en la Cueva Pali Aike, lo que indica una actividad volcánica entre 10000 y 5000 años antes del presente y en los últimos 15 000 años; El programa de volcanismo global menciona una erupción de 5550 ± 2500 aC. Los depósitos de sedimentos de Laguna Azul dan a la edad aproximada de 3400 años, sugiriendo que este respiradero se formó durante el Holoceno tardío. Los depósitos de Tephra en la región se pueden haber originado en Pali Aike. El campo volcánico se ubicó la posición 18 (de 38) como el volcán más peligroso en un estudio de 2016.

Clima, vegetación y fauna
El clima de la región es ventoso, frío, con inviernos suaves debido a la influencia oceánica, y seco, bordeando el semidesértico con precipitaciones que varían entre 300 y 150 milímetros por año. Estos patrones son debido a la cercanía de la Antártida, la corriente fría de Humboldt y las corrientes oceánicas actuales de las islas Malvinas y la sombra de lluvia de los Andes. Algunos maars y cráteres en Pali Aike se han utilizado para la investigación paleoclimatología, en forma de análisis de núcleo de sedimentos, como Laguna Azul, Potrok Aike y Magallanes Maar.

La vegetación regional consiste en pastizales y arbustos. La especie dominante de la hierba es festuca gracillima, aunque Festuca palescens se ha descrito como la especie dominante en el clima oeste.  La festuca está acompañada de arbustos de chiliotrichum diffusum y la  murtilla de Magallanes en las regiones climáticas y por arbustos de nardophyllum brioides y nassauvia ulicina en la región más seca. Varias hierbas y magnoliopsidas  completan la flora regional.  La precipitación de intercepción de Basttels altamente permeable que forman acuíferos activos que se alimentan de humedales. Las especies animales presentes en el parque nacional Chileno incluyen armadillos, zorros grises, guanacos, zorrinos, pumas y zorros rojos. Las especies de aves incluyen especies de chloephaga y theristicus, águilas, caranchos, harriers, halconcito colorado, halcones peregrinos, ñandú, teros y varis, pero también aves acuáticas como las especies de calidris, cisnes coscoroba, flamencos, chorlitejo malvinero , pato maicero y pato barcinos.

Los paleoregistros indican que las condiciones ecológicas variaron de un lugar a otro en la región nuevamente y durante los últimos 50 000 años. Las cuevas han producido fósiles de animales que vivían allí durante el holoceno y la búsqueda de pleistoceno como grandes felinos  y perezosos terrestres,, aunque la antigua fauna de la región está mal estudiada. Desde la llegada de los europeos a fines del siglo , las malezas europeas invasivas y la agricultura de ovejas han alterado el ecosistema regional.

Historia arqueológica y humana
Los primeros humanos habitaron la región de Pali Aike desde hace unos 10 000 años, incluyendo varias cuevas como la cueva Fell (cuya ocupación remonta al menos 8000 años), Condor 1, la cueva Pali Aike, la cueva del Puma, Las Buitreras y Orejas de Burro. En cuanto a otro tipo de asentamientos se puede nombrar la laguna Thomas Gould. La investigación arqueológica en el campo volcánico comenzó en la década de 1930.

La actividad humana prehistórica se concentró en el sector del sur del campo. Los lagos y el paisaje volcánico presentan un suministro de agua confiable y ofrecieron refugio a las personas. A su vez, podrían haberse asentado en el resto de la región partiendo desde Pali Aike. Dejaron atrás yacimientos arqueológicos, petroglifos, tallas de roca y herramientas de piedra; incluso se han encontrado algunos entierros antiguos. Pali Aike fue una fuente de rocas volcánicas como la obsidiana para la fabricación de artefactos arqueológicos, pero tenían un uso limitado, quizás debido a la baja calidad de los materiales. Las rocas volcánicas degradadas procedentes del área se utilizaron como pigmentos rojos.

La región es una zona típica para el pastoreo ovino. En el lado chileno, el campo volcánico Pali Aike forma parte del parque nacional homónimo, y algunos centros volcánicos han sido investigados como posibles patrimonios geológicos. La laguna Azul ya es considerada patrimonio provincial y es objeto de turismo. El parque nacional Pali Aike fue creado en 1970 en la parte chilena y la Reserva Provincial Laguna Azul en 2005 en la argentina.

Notas

Referencias

Bibliografía

Volcanes de la provincia de Santa Cruz (Argentina)
Volcanes de la Región de Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena
Campos volcánicos
Geografía del  departamento Güer Aike
Maars de Chile
Montañas limítrofes Argentina-Chile

Campo volcánico Pali Aike


Epifanio Olives y Terés' (?-Valls, 1602) fue comisario real de Felipe III de España y sobrino del arzobispo de Tarragona y virrey de Cataluña Juan Terés y Borrull, hermano de Margarita Terés y Borrull, madre de Epifanio, casada con Francisco Olives.

Título de caballero
En la sesión de las Cortes celebradas el 1599 en Barcelona, Olives fue armado caballero y recibió privilegios de noble por el rey Felipe III.

Muerte
En 1602, Olives se encontraba en Valls, ciudad reinada por el terror provocado por los enfrentamientos entre los bandos de los voltors y los morells. Fueron dos de los líderes de los voltors, Pedro Voltor y Miguel Catalá, los que se infiltaron en el Castillo de Valls y mataron a tiros de pedreñal al comisario real en el patio del castillo. Los jurados de Valls y muchos prohombres de la ciudad fueron declarados cómplices por la Real Audiencia de Cataluña. Esto hizo que las relaciones entre las autoridades de Valls y la archidiócesis de Tarragona, liderada por su tío, fueran tensas. Más tarde en ese mismo año, y ya siendo su tío Juan Terés virrey de Cataluña, Pere Voltor fue capturado, sentenciado y descuartizado. Un año después de la muerte de Olives, su tío prohibió la fabricación de pedreñales a los herreros y mecánicos.

Notas

Referencias

Nobles de Cataluña
Políticos de Cataluña
Fallecidos en Valls

Epifanio Olives y Terés


"Dreams" er en sang af det britisk-amerikanske rockband Fleetwood Mac fra dere 11. studiealbum Rumours (1977). I USA blev "Dreams" udgivet som den anden single fra albummet den 24. marts 1977, mens den i Storbritannien blev udgivet som den tredje single i juni 1977. Der blev lavet en liveoptagelse, hvor bandet optræder med sangen, til en musikvideo .

I USA nåede "Dreams" førstepladsen på Billboard Hot 100-hitlisten. Det var gruppens eneste sang, der nåede førstepladsen, og den solgte over en million eksemplarer. I Canada nåede den også førstepladsen på RPM Top 100 Singles-hitlisten.

I 1998 indspillede den irske gruppe The Corrs en coverversion af sangen på deres andet studiealbum, Talk on Corners, og sangen nåede i top 10 i både Storbritannien og Irland.

Hitlister

Ugelister

Årshitlister

The Corrs' version

The Corrs indspillede oprindeligt "Dreams" til Legacy: A Tribute to Fleetwood Mac's Rumours, 20-års jubilæumsalbummet, der også indeholdt "Don't Stop" af Elton John, "You Make Loving Fun" af Jewel og andre sange fra Goo Goo Dolls og Cranberries. Nummeret blev derefter remixet af Todd Terry for at blive udgivet som single. Det blev deres første store hit i Storbritannien, hvor den nåede nummer 6 på UK Singles Chart og den tilbragte 10 uger på listen. Den tilhørende musikvideo vandt prisen som "Best Adult Contemporary Video" i musikmagasinet Billboard i 1998. The Corrs' andet studiealbum, Talk on Corners, blev derefter udgivet med "Dreams" på tracklisten.

The Corrs optrådte med "Dreams" sammen med Mick Fleetwood fra Fleetwood Mac ved deres koncert i Royal Albert Hall på Skt. Patricks dag, 1998 (der også var Caroline Corrs 25-års fødselsdag).

Hitlister

Certificeringer

Referencerer

The Corrs-sange
Singler fra 1977
Singler fra 1998

Dreams (sang af Fleetwood Mac)


Erik Åke Lassas (* 21. August 1924 in Leksand; † 16. April 2009 ebenda) war ein schwedischer Eishockeyspieler.

Karriere

Auf Vereinsebene spielte Åke Lassas ausschließlich für seinen Heimatverein Leksands IF. Von 1948 bis 1963 trat er mit seiner Mannschaft in der Division 1, der damals höchsten schwedischen Spielklasse, sowie der zweitklassigen Division 2 an. 1956 erhielt er als erster Spieler den Guldpucken als Spieler des Jahres in Schweden. Seine Trikotnummer 2 wurde von Leksands IF gesperrt und wird nicht mehr an andere Spieler vergeben.

International
Für Schweden nahm Lassas an den Olympischen Winterspielen 1952 in Oslo und 1956 in Cortina d'Ampezzo teil. Bei den Winterspielen 1952 gewann er mit seiner Mannschaft die Bronzemedaille. Als bestes europäisches Team wurde Schweden zudem Europameister. Zudem stand er im Aufgebot seines Landes bei der Weltmeisterschaft 1954, bei der er mit seiner Mannschaft ebenfalls die Bronzemedaille gewann.

Erfolge und Auszeichnungen
 1952 Bronzemedaille bei den Olympischen Winterspielen
 1954 Bronzemedaille bei der Weltmeisterschaft
 1956 Guldpucken

Weblinks

Eishockeynationalspieler (Schweden)
Eishockeyspieler (Leksands IF)
Olympiateilnehmer (Schweden)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1952
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1956
Europameister (Eishockey)
Mitglied der Schwedischen Eishockey-Ruhmeshalle
Schwede
Geboren 1924
Gestorben 2009
Mann

Åke Lassas


Heathfield Park est une maison de campagne anglaise et un parc clos dans le village d'Old Heathfield dans Sussex de l'Est.

Histoire

Initialement appelé Bayley Park, le manoir est commencé par James Plummer en 1677 et poursuivi par Raymond Blackmore au début du . George Augustus Eliott (créé Lord Heathfield en 1787) achète la propriété après avoir gagné un prix substantiel grâce au succès du siège de La Havane en 1762. Il est modifié et agrandi en 1766 par l'architecte Robert Taylor (architecte). Elliot est propriétaire de la maison jusqu'à sa mort en 1790.

Il est rebaptisé Heathfield Park en son honneur en 1791 par son héritier Francis Newbery, fils de l'éditeur John Newbery. Newbery embauche Humphry Repton pour aménager le parc. Newbery construit la "Gibraltar Tower" dans un coin du parc, pour commémorer la défense réussie de Gibraltar par Lord Heathfield de 1779 à 1782. Le rez-de-chaussée est octogonal et la partie supérieure ronde, accessible par un escalier intérieur circulaire. C'est également un bâtiment classé Grade II *.

De 1819 à 1890, Heathfield Park est le siège des baronnets de la famille Blunt. Il appartient plus tard au mécène William Cleverley Alexander  qui le fait remodeler en 1895 dans le style néo-géorgien par l'architecte Reginald Blomfield. Le parement de brique remplace le stuc et l'aile sud-est est ajoutée. Alexander, qui possède Aubrey House à Londres, est décédé en tombant dans les escaliers du sous-sol de la maison en 1916. Heathfield House est un bâtiment classé Grade II*.

En 1963, le domaine est acheté par Gerald Moore, chirurgien, artiste et ancien enfant acteur . Moore ouvre les jardins au public et créé une école d'équitation en 1963. En 1970, il restaure la tour de Gibraltar et, dans les années 1970, il crée un parc animalier. Moore vend le domaine en 1993.

Le domaine est actuellement propriété privée.

Une partie du terrain est Heathfield Park SSSI, un site biologique d'intérêt scientifique particulier, en raison des habitats fournis par la forêt de ghyll. La population de lichens est importante à l'échelle du comté .

Références

Liens externes

Monument classé de Grade II* dans le Sussex de l'Est

Heathfield Park


An Elleanthus glaucophyllus in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Schltr.. An Elleanthus glaucophyllus in nahilalakip ha genus nga Elleanthus, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Elleanthus

Elleanthus glaucophyllus


Panionion (veya Latince ismiyle Panionium), Aydın ilinin Kuşadası ilçesine bağlı Güzelçamlı mahallesinde yer alan tarihî sit alanı. Dilek Yarımadası-Büyük Menderes Deltası Millî Parkı'na bir kilometre mesafede yer alan antik kent, Samson Dağı'nın (ya da Dilek Dağı, antik çağdaki adıyla Mykale) Ege Denizi'ne bakan kuzey yamacında bulunmaktdadır.

Sitin ismi, Panionion'da düzenlenmeye başlanmış ve günümüzdeki süregelen yansıması Olimpiyat Oyunları olan düzenli bir festival ve oyunlar (Panionia Festivali veya Panegyris) ile özdeşleşmiştir. Bu festivalin başlangıcı muhtemelen buradaki ilk tapınağın kurulması ile eşzamanlıdır (MÖ 8. yüzyıl).

Antik çağ da dahil olmak üzere, kentsel yerleşime konu olmamış bir alan olmasından ötürü, pek çok kaynakta en yakınındaki tarihi yerleşim olan Melia ile birlikte anılır (Melia-Panionion) .

Sitte MÖ 8. yüzyıldan itibaren kullanılmaya başlandığı bilinen, Poseidon'a adanmış bir İyon tapınağı bulunmaktadır. Tapınakta düzenli olarak yapılan festivaller sırasındaki toplantılar ve tartışmalar Paniyonya Birliği'nin politik çerçevesini oluşturmuştur. On iki İyon şehir devleti'ne Smyrna'nın da katılmasıyla oluşan bu birlik, Herodotos'a göre şu şehirlerden müteşekkildir: Miletos, Myus, Priene, Ephesos, Kolophon, Lebedos, Teos, Klazomenai, Phokaia, Samos, Khios, Erythrai. (I.142) Bu birlik daha sonraları sadece dini olarak varlığını sürdürmüştür.  Festivalin ve oyunların yanı sıra, daha sonra kazandığı tarihi önemde bir diğer unsur, MÖ 6. yüzyılda Pers İmparatorluğu'nun Lidya Krallığı'nı yıkması ve Anadolu'yu tamamiyle işgalinden sonra 12 İyon kenti arasındaki işgale direniş amaçlı toplanma yeri olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır (İyon Ayaklanması).

Tapınak İyonya kentlerinden biri olan ve Samsun Dağı'nın iç bölgeye bakan yamaçlarından 5 km. uzaklıkta bulunan Priene kentinin denetimindeydi. Dini ayinlerin, festivalin ve oyunların yöetim ve denetimi ve burada toplantılar düzenlendiğinde başkanlık Priene kenti temsilcileri tarafından sağlanmaktaydı.

Pers İmparatorluğu idaresi altında Panionion'daki dini faaliyetlerin sekteye uğradığı bilinmektedir. MÖ 5. yüzyılın sonlarında yazan Tukididis İyonyalıların o çağda festivallerini artık Efes'te düzenlemeye başladıklarını belirtmekte, Diodorus da yarımadadaki sürekli çatışma ortamı nedeniyle Panionia festivalinin Efes'e taşındığı bilgisini doğrulamaktadır. Büyük İskender çağında oyunlar ve festival yeniden Panionion'a dönmüş, ve önemleri zaman içinde giderek azalsa da, varlıklarını Roma İmparatorluğu dönemine kadar sürdürmüşlerdir

Yeri
Panionion'un yaklaşık yeri Antik Çağ yazarlarınca tarif edilmiştir. Örneğin, Herodot yerinin "Mykale'nin kuzey yüzünde" olduğunu belirtmekte, Strabo da "Sisam Boğazını geçtikten sonra, Mykale dağı yakınında, Efes'e doğru denizyolu ile gidilirken denizden üç stadia yüksekte" demektedir. Ancak bu bilgilere rağmen sitin kesin yeri zaman içinde unutulmuştur.

19. yüzyıl sonunda ünlü Alman arkeolog Theodor Wiegand burada, Güzelçamlı yakınlarında, bir sit keşfetmiş, ve bu sit 1958'de Gerhardt Kleiner, Kurt Hommel ve Wolfgang Müller-Wiener tarafından kazılmıştır. 2004'teki yeni keşiflere kadar Wiegand'ın bulduğu bu sitin Panionion'a denk geldiği düşünülmüştür.

Theodor Wiegand'ın bulduğu sit bir temenos duvarı ile çevrelenmekte ve orta yerinde, MÖ 6. yüzyıla tarihlendirilen ve Poseidon sunağı olduğu düşünülen 17,5 m - 4,25 m boyutlarında bir taş kaide bulunmaktadır. Yamacın daha aşağısında, sunağın 50 m güneybatısında küçük bir tiyatro veya odeum yer almaktadır. Yarım daireyi biraz aşan bir şekle sahip olan bu odeum 32 m çapındadır ve kayaların içine kesilmiş 11 sıra oturağı bulunmaktadır. Bu mekanın Panionion Birliği toplantılarının cereyan ettiği konsey odası olduğu varsayılmıştır. Halihazırdaki kalıntılar MÖ 4. yüzyıldan kalma olup, bu dönem de Panionia Festivallerinin yeniden canlandırıldığı çağa denk gelmektedir. Sunak ile konsey odası arasında geniş bir yeraltı mahzeni bulunmaktadır. Bu mahzenin ne gibi bir işlevi olabileceği henüz açıklığa kavuşturulamamıştır. Antik çağ kaynakları burada kurban törenleri yapıldığını belirtmekte, ancak tam anlamıyla bir tapınak binasına atıfta bulunmamaktadır. Nitekim sunak kompleksi dışında gerçek anlamda bir tapınak bulunamamıştır.

Ancak 2004'te bölgede yüzey araştırmaları yapan Alman arkeolog Hans Lohmann daha yükseklerde ikinci bir arkeolojik sit keşfetmiştir. Erken İyon özelliklerini taşıyan bu ikinci sitte MÖ 6. yüzyıldan kalma bir ayin alanı ve küçük bir yerleşim alanı yer almaktadır. 2005 yazında sit Aydın Müzesi gözetiminde kazılmıştır. Lohmann bu sitin, konumu ve yazılı ipuçlarına daha uygun olması nedeniyle, hakiki Panionion olması gerektiğini düşünmekte, araştırmalar devam etmektedir.

Ayrıca bakınız
 Bir tapınak ve yakınındaki bir antik çağ yerleşiminin genelde bir arada anıldığı benzer bir durum için, Karya kökenli Stratonikea-Lagina.

Kaynakça

Aydın ilindeki arkeolojik sitler

İyonya kolonileri

Poseidon
Antik Yunanistan'da tapınaklar
İyon Birliği

Panionion