Edwin Bradfield Liloa Chillingworth, Jr., known as Sonny Chillingworth, (July 14, 1932 – August 24, 1994) was an American guitarist and singer. Widely influential in Hawaiian music, he played slack-key guitar and is widely regarded as one of the most influential slack-key guitarists in history.

Life
Chillingworth was born on Oahu in the Territory of Hawaii. He started playing the guitar at age twelve when he was living with his grandfather, Harry Purdy, on Moloka'i.  He learned the Hawaiian way by listening, watching and imitating.  Sonny, as he was called, loved Hawaiian and Portuguese music.

One day his father brought him a Victrola and some records.  One of them was Hi'ilawe by Gabby Pahinui.  Chillingworth was inspired.  When Chillingworth was fifteen, he visited Honolulu and his mother arranged a meeting with Pahinui.  After high school, Chillingworth moved to Honolulu and joined Pahinui, Andy Cummings and others at clubs, lu'aus and all-night jam sessions. Chillingworth was often asked to play his slack-key medleys.  Many islanders and tourists enjoyed listening and watching him sing and play his guitar in the Don Ho Shows at the International Market Place in the heart of Waikiki.

In 1954, Chillingworth made his first record, Make'e 'Ailana, with the legendary Vickie Ii Rodrigues.  In 1964, Chillingworth released his first album, Waimea Cowboy, which earned a gold record. In the 1970s, Chillingworth began to share his knowledge with younger performers, such as George Kuo, Ozzie Kotani, and Makana, and influenced others through his recordings.  Chillingworth helped lead a revival of the slack-key guitar style in the 1980s as one of slack key's elder statesmen. He was committed to Hawaiian music; he also played other styles such as rock-n-roll, R&B, blues, and folk, and his music featured aspects of fado and cachi cachi.

Chillingworth died from cancer on August 24, 1994, in Honolulu at the age of 62.

See also

 Sons of Hawaii

References

1932 births
1994 deaths
Slack-key guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Hawaii

Sonny Chillingworth


الحزب الاشتراكي الديمقراطي الفنلندي (بالفنلندية: Suomen Sosialidemokraattinen Puolue, SDP) أحد أكثر الأحزاب السياسية الأكثر نفوذاً في فنلندا بجانب حزبي الوسط والائتلاف الوطني. شارك في الحكومة لفترات طويلة من الزمن، كان آخرها بين عامي 1995 و2007 ، وساهم بإرساء العديد من سياسات الدولة الفنلندية الأساسية. سياسة الحزب الديمقراطية الاشتراكية عموماً أكثر اعتدالاً من سياسات تحالف اليسار الحزب الآخر ذو الميول اليسارية في البرلمان. يهدف الحزب إلى جمع أناس معا من أجل تحقيق الأهداف الديمقراطية الاشتراكية: مجتمع فيه الحرية والمساواة والتضامن والازدهار التعاوني في بيئة سلمية ونظيفة. الحزب الاشتراكي الديمقراطي الفنلندي عضو في الاشتراكية الدولية. ولديه علاقة وثيقة بمنظمة نقابات عمال فنلندا المركزية.

وقد أسس الحزب عام 1899 باسم حزب العمال الفنلندي وتغير إلى الاسم الحالي في عام 1903.

مراجع

الأممية الثانية
التحالف التقدمي
أحزاب اشتراكية ديمقراطية
أحزاب اشتراكية ديمقراطية في أوروبا
أحزاب ديمقراطية اجتماعية
أحزاب سياسية أسست في 1899
أحزاب ممثلة في البرلمان الأوروبي
أعضاء حزب العمل الاشتراكي الدولي
تأسيسات سنة 1899 في فنلندا

الحزب الاشتراكي الديمقراطي الفنلندي


Dammfleth Almanya'nın kuzeyinde Schleswig-Holstein eyaletinde, Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim yeri. 16,11 km² yüzölçümüne sahiptir. Nüfusu, 30 Haziran 2005 itibarıyla yaklaşık 344 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Belediye Başkanlığı Delf Sievers tarafından yürütülmektedir.

Dış bağlantılar
 www.wilstermarsch.de

Steinburg iline bağlı yerleşim birimleri

Dammfleth


Hessed Mufla (cunoscut în țările de limba engleză ca Amazing Grace) este un film israelian regizat de Amos Guttman.

Prezentare

Distribuție

Note

Legături externe

Filme din 1992
Filme israeliene
Filme regizate de Amos Guttman

Hessed Mufla


Bycanistes is a genus of medium to large, primarily frugivorous hornbills (family Bucerotidae) found in the forests and woodlands of Sub-Saharan Africa. They have often been included in the genus Ceratogymna, but today most authorities consider them separate. All species in this genus have black and white plumage. The plumage of the sexes is similar, but the casque of the male is larger than that of the female.

Recent genetic data shows that Bycanistes is the sister taxon to ground hornbills, this clade having diverged from the rest of the hornbill lineage early on. Bycanistes is thought to represent an early African lineage, while the remaining Bucerotiformes evolved in Asia.

Species

References

 Kemp, A. C. (2001). "Family Bucerotidae (Hornbills)". pp. 436–523 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. (2001). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 6. Mousebirds to Hornbills. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.

Bird genera

Taxa named by Jean Cabanis

Bycanistes


Allan Ralph Rogers (born 24 October 1932) is a Labour Party politician in the United Kingdom.  He was Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East Wales from 1979 to 1984, and Member of Parliament (MP) for Rhondda in Wales from 1983 until he stepped down at the 2001 general election.

Parliamentary career
During his time as an MP, Rogers served on the Welsh Affairs Committee, Public Accounts Committee and the European Scrutiny Committee.

The Guardian reported that he was being offered a peerage in return for another candidate taking his seat, as it is one of Labour's safest, an offer which he allegedly rejected.

References

External links

1932 births
Living people
Confederation of Health Service Employees-sponsored MPs
Welsh Labour MPs
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
Welsh Labour MEPs
MEPs for Wales 1979–1984

Allan Rogers


Francisco de Paula Almeyra fue un destacado médico argentino del , pionero de la enseñanza de la obstetricia en su país y responsable de la primera antología poética y patriótica de su país.

Biografía
Francisco de Paula Almeyra (Almeira o Almeida) nació en la ciudad de Buenos Aires el 2 de abril de 1791, hijo de Juan Agustín de Almeyra, abogado, procurador de la Real Audiencia de Buenos Aires y propietario de la estancia El Talar, donde fuera fusilado el Coronel Dorrego, y de su primera esposa Petrona Gorría Rodríguez de la Torre. Era medio hermano de Hilario de Almeyra (1799,1885) quien también destacaría en la medicina argentina.

En 1806 ingresó al Colegio de San Carlos y tras realizar estudios mayores de latinidad y diplomarse en filosofía y teología, en 1814 pasó al Instituto Médico Militar. Allí fue discípulo del primer protomédico, Miguel O'Gorman, quien le obsequió como recuerdo el diploma de médico obtenido en París en 1766.

Siendo aún practicante participó por recomendación del Tribunal de Protomedicado y decisión del Director Juan Martín de Pueyrredón de la campaña para combatir la viruela difundiendo la vacuna en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Tanto él como su compañero Pedro Martínez Niño fueron felicitados por el gobierno por su labor.

El 22 de septiembre de 1819 fue designado cirujano en el ejército al mando del rehabilitado brigadier Cornelio Saavedra al asumir como comandante de Campaña.

A fines de 1819 protagonizó junto a los estudiantes Miguel Rivera y el citado Martínez Niño un escándalo al solicitar autorización al Director Rondeau para ejercer su profesión sin esperar la reválida del título, impugnando a dos de los miembros del Protomedicato responsables del examen, Cristóbal Martín de Montúfar y Agustín Eusebio Fabre. El examen se efectuaría finalmente con la presencia de un juez y los estudiantes se graduarían en 1820 de médicos y cirujanos.

En 1821 fue cirujano mayor en el ejército al mando del general Gregorio Aráoz de Lamadrid en su campaña contra el caudillo entrerriano Francisco Ramírez, prestando servicios durante los combates de Coronda, Espinillo y Colastiné.

Fracasada la ofensiva, permaneció a las órdenes del gobernador de la provincia de Santa Fe Estanislao López hasta ser destinado como cirujano en el Fuerte de San Miguel del Monte. Allí adquirió una propiedad perteneciente a Lamadrid. Se desempeñó también en el batallón de frontera Guardia Argentina y en la Legión Patricia comandada por su amigo el general Mariano Benito Rolón.

Permaneció poco tiempo en el puesto ya que el 16 de abril de 1822 a propuesta del recientemente creado Tribunal de Medicina, el gobernador Martín Rodríguez lo nombró médico de policía de la provincia de Buenos Aires.

El 16 de julio de 1822, con el apoyo económico de su padre, embarcó en el bergantín mercante Correo de León rumbo a Francia con el fin de perfeccionar sus estudios en medicina en los hospitales de ese país, primer argentino en realizar un viaje de perfeccionamiento a Europa. En París asistió a los hospitales y asistió a la facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Escuela de París estudiando con Broussais, el barón Dupuytrén, Alibert, Esquirel, Capuron y Desormeaux entre otros.

La publicación en 1824 de una colección de cantos patrióticos que tituló La Lira Argentina motivó que el conservador gobierno francés lo expulsara. Francisco de Paula Almeyra fue así el editor de la que sería la primera antología poética y patriótica de su país, compilada por Ramón Díaz. Si bien Almeyra escribió el prólogo firmando "El Editor", su autoría no pasó desapercibida al gobierno y fue conminado a solicitar el perdón al Embajador Español y a rendir homenaje al rey Fernando VII de España como el más sumiso y fiel de sus vasallos bajo pena de ser expulsado del territorio francés.

En la Europa de la Restauración no le fue mejor en Bélgica, aún parte integrante del Reino Unido de los Países Bajos, ni en el territorio de la Confederación Germánica ni en la convulsionada Italia, por lo que via Marsella y Génova pudo llegar y establecerse finalmente en Inglaterra, donde continuó sus estudios con Lawrence, médico del rey, Albernethy, primer cirujano inglés. En Londres cultivó la amistad de Bernardino Rivadavia.

Regresó a la República Argentina en momentos en que estallaba la Guerra del Brasil. Allí se sumó al improvisdado cuerpo médico republicano y sirvió en el hospital militar establecido en el Convento de La Merced.

El 10 de julio de 1826 por renuncia de Justo García Valdés fue también nombrado catedrático de Anatomía y Fisiología en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.

A solicitud de sus estudiantes, dictó gratuitamente un curso de obstetricia a los estudiantes próximos a recibirse, primer antecedente de la enseñanza de la clínica obstétrica en la Universidad de Buenos Aires.

El 19 de noviembre de 1827 casó con María de la Trinidad Demaría Escalada (1802, 1888), hija de Antonio José de Escalada y sobrina de Remedios de Escalada de San Martín, a quien cuidó en sus últimos días. El matrimonio tuvo numerosos hijos: Juan José (1828, 1885), Patricio Antonio (1829, ?), Antonio José (1831, 1909), Francisco Justo (1833, 1910), Mauricia (1837, ?), Trinidad Eulogia (1839, ?) y Petrona Almeyra Demaría. Tanto Juan José como Antonio José serían destacados médicos.

El 15 de enero de 1828 el gobernador Manuel Dorrego lo nombró Cirujano Mayor del Ejército pero a los dos días Francisco de Paula renunció aduciendo razones de salud.

En 1829 el gobernador delegado Guillermo Brown lo puso al frente del Hospital de Mujeres, ejerciendo el cargo hasta 1830.

En 1834 el gobernador Viamonte reformó el Tribunal de Medicina y designó a Almeyra vocal del organismo pero al año siguiente Juan Manuel de Rosas anuló la reforma.

En 1835 integró la Comisión Administradora del Hospital de Hombres y en 1836 fue nombrado médico de la institución. El 3 de septiembre de 1836 fue nombrado catedrático titular de Nosografía y Clínica Médica en la Universidad de Buenos Aires.

Ejerció también en el Hospital de Hombres y Mujeres hasta el 17 de enero de 1841, cuando el gobernador delegado Felipe Arana lo destituyó por razones políticas.

Sin embargo, aunque era especialista en obstetricia, su pericia como cirujano demostrada en la intervención que salvó la vida del general José María Francia en 1848, a quien un balazo recibido en la batalla de Vences le había destrozado la mandíbula, hizo que fuera nombrado conjuez y Presidente del Tribunal de Medicina, cargo que ocupó hasta que producida la batalla de Caseros y la caída de Juan Manuel de Rosas en 1852 renunció al cargo.

Justo José de Urquiza rechazó su renuncia y lo nombró Cirujano Mayor del Ejército, nombramiento que Almeyra rechazó, aceptando permanecer en el Tribunal hasta que el 29 de octubre de 1852 el organismo desaparecía para ser reemplazado por el Consejo de Higiene Pública.

Fue también médico del Convento de Santa Catalina (Buenos Aires), vocal de la Academia de Medicina Argentina y de la Municipalidad de Buenos Aires desde su fundación en 1856.

El 25 de abril de 1868, considerando que se encontraba «en el último escalón de la vida» Francisco Almeyra y su mujer hicieron testamento. Sus bienes incluían varias casas, parte de los famosos Altos de Escalada frente a la Plaza Mayor, parte de la estancia familiar "El Talar" en el partido de Navarro y una quinta en el Barrio de Recoleta.

Francisco de Paula Almeyra murió el 29 de septiembre de 1870 en su quinta de las Cinco Esquinas, una de las más grandes de la Recoleta, sobre la calle Larga, en lo que sería luego la esquina de  Parera y Montevideo, siendo enterrado en el Cementerio de la Recoleta.

Notas y referencias

Bibliografía
Vicente Osvaldo Cutolo, Nuevo diccionario biográfico argentino (1750-1930), Editorial Elche, 1968

Enlaces externos
Francisco de Paula Almeyra Gorría
Actuación de los médicos en los hospitales porteños durante la guerra con el Imperio del Brasil

Médicos de la ciudad de Buenos Aires
Médicos de Argentina del siglo XIX
Médicos de la Guerra del Brasil
Obstetras de Argentina
Alumnado de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
Profesores de la Universidad de Buenos Aires
Nacidos en Buenos Aires

Francisco de Paula Almeyra


مطبخ جنوب آسيا، ويسمى ديسي بالسنسكريتي، يشمل مأكولات مناطق شبه الجزيرة الهندية. ويتداخل هذه الطبخ مع مطابخ ثقافات أخرى في المنطقة مثل المطبخ التركي والفارسي والشرق أوسطي. كما تأثر بشكل كبير العادات الهندوسية المنشرة بين شعوبه. ويعتبر خبز المرقوق والذي يعرف بالنان من أساسيات موائده. يتميز هذا المطبخ باستعمال البهارات الحارة جدا مثل الشطة والفلفل الأسود وكبش القرنفل. ومن اللحوم، يستعمل الدجاج، الضأن والماعز. وبسبب معتقدات الهندوس، لا يستعمل لحم العجول الا في مناطق محددة جدا. ويعتمد هذا المطبخ على الحبوب بشكل كبير وبخاصة الأرز.

تقسيمات المطبخ الآسيوي
 مطبخ أفغاني
 مطبخ بنغالي
 مطبخ بتاني
 مطبخ هندي
 مطبخ شمال الهند
 مطبخ مغلي
 مطبخ راجستاني
 مطبخ كشميري
 مطبخ بنجابي
 مطبخ عوضي
 مطبخ اتر براديش
 مطبخ بهاري
 مطبخ بجبوري
 مطبخ جنوب الهند
 مطبخ كيرالا
 مطبخ تاميلي
 مطبخ حيدرأبادي
 مطبخ اذرة
 مطبخ ادوبي
 مطبخ كرناتاكا
 مطبخ بنغالي
 مطبخ أسامي
 مطبخ مهرشتي
 مطبخ ناغغ
 مطبخ كوجاراتي
 مطبخ جوة
 مطبخ سكيميس
 مطبخ تريبوري
 مطبخ باكستاني
 مطبخ بنجابي
 مطبخ سندي
 مطبخ بشتوني
 مطبخ بلوتشث
 مطبخ مغلاي
 مطبخ كشميري
 مطبخ نيبالي
 مطبخ سرلنكي
 مطبخ تيبيتي

مراجع

مطبخ جنوب آسيوي

مطبخ جنوب آسيا


Félix d'Hérelle (25 April 1873 – 22 February 1949) was a French microbiologist. He was co-discoverer of bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) and experimented with the possibility of phage therapy. D'Hérelle has also been credited for his contributions to the larger concept of applied microbiology.

d'Hérelle was a  self-taught microbiologist. In 1917 he discovered that "an invisible antagonist", when added to bacteria on agar, would produce areas of dead bacteria. The antagonist, now known to be a bacteriophage, could pass through a Chamberland filter. He accurately diluted a suspension of these viruses and discovered that the highest dilutions (lowest virus concentrations), rather than killing all the bacteria, formed discrete areas of dead organisms. Counting these areas and multiplying by the dilution factor allowed him to calculate the number of viruses in the original suspension. He realised that he had discovered a new form of virus and later coined the term "bacteriophage".
Between 1918 and 1921 d'Herelle discovered different types of bacteriophages that could infect several other species of bacteria including Vibrio cholerae. Bacteriophages were heralded as a potential treatment for diseases such as typhoid and cholera, but their promise was forgotten with the development of penicillin. Since the early 1970s, bacteria have continued to develop resistance to antibiotics such as penicillin, and this has led to a renewed interest in the use of bacteriophages to treat serious infections.

Biography

Early years
Félix d'Hérelle's place of birth has been debated, but current research has concluded that he was born in France. Félix d'Hérelle's father, Hubert Augustin Félix Haerens d'Herelle, died at the age of 30 when Félix was six years old. From 7 to 17 years of age, d'Hérelle attended school in Paris, including the Lycée Condorcet and Lycée Louis-le-Grand high schools. In the fall of 1891, d'Hérelle traveled to Bonn, Germany where he attended lectures at the University of Bonn for several months. Between the ages of 16 and 24, d'Hérelle traveled extensively via money given by his mother. At 16, he started to travel through western Europe by bike. At 17, after finishing school, he traveled through South America. Afterwards, he continued his travels through Europe, including Turkey, where he, at 20, met his wife, Marie Caire.

At 24, now the father of a daughter, d'Hérelle and his family moved to Canada. He built a home laboratory and studied microbiology from books and his own experiments. Through the influence of a friend of his late father, he earned a commission from the Canadian government to study the fermentation and distillation of maple syrup to schnapps. His father's friend pointed out that Pasteur "made a good beginning by studying fermentations, so it might be interesting to you, too." He also worked as a medic for a geological expedition, even though he had no medical degree or real experience. Together with his brother, he invested almost all his money in a chocolate factory, which soon went bankrupt. During this period, d'Herelle published his first scientific paper, "De la formation du carbone par les végétaux" in the May 1901 issue of Le Naturaliste Canadien. d'Hérelle contended in the paper that the results of his experiments indicated that carbon was a compound, not an element.

Guatemala and Mexico
With his money almost gone and his second daughter born, he took a contract with the government of Guatemala as a bacteriologist at the General Hospital in Guatemala City. Some of his work included organizing defenses against the dread diseases of the time: malaria and yellow fever. He also studied a local fungal infection of coffee plants, and discovered that acidifying the soil could serve as an effective treatment. As a side job, he was asked to find a way to make whiskey from bananas. Life in the rough and dangerous environment of the country was hard on his family, but d'Hérelle, always adventurer at heart, rather enjoyed working close to "real life", compared to the sterile environments of a "civilized" clinic. He later stated that his scientific path began on this occasion.

In 1907, he took an offer from the Mexican government to continue his studies on fermentation. He and his family moved to a sisal plantation near Mérida, Yucatán. Disease struck at him and his family, but in 1909, he had successfully established a method to produce sisal schnapps.

Return to France
Machines for mass production of sisal schnapps were ordered in Paris, where he oversaw the machines' construction.  Meanwhile, in his spare time, he worked for free in a laboratory at the Pasteur Institute. He was soon offered the job of running the new Mexican plant, but declined, considering it "too boring". He did, however, take the time to attempt stopping a locust plague at the plantation using their own diseases. He extracted bacteria pathogenic to locusts from their guts. This innovative approach to locust plagues anticipated modern biological pest control using Bacillus thuringiensis also known as Bt.

D'Hérelle and his family finally moved to Paris in early 1911, where he worked again as an unpaid assistant in a lab at the Pasteur Institute. He got attention in the scientific community the same year, when the results of his successful attempt to counter the Mexican locust plague with Coccobacillus were published.

Argentina
At the end of the year, restless d'Hérelle was again on the road, this time in Argentina, where he was offered a chance to test these results on a much larger scale. Thus, in 1912 and 1913, he fought the Argentinian locust plagues with coccobacillus experiments. Even though Argentina claimed his success was inconsistent, he himself declared it a full success, and was subsequently invited to other countries to demonstrate the method.

France and phages
During World War I, d'Hérelle and assistants (his wife and daughters among them) produced over 12 million doses of medication for the allied military. At this point in history, medical treatments were primitive, compared to today's standards. The smallpox vaccine, developed by Edward Jenner, was one of the few vaccines available. The primary antibiotic was the arsenic-based salvarsan against syphilis, with severe side effects. Common treatments were based mercury, strychnine, and cocaine. As a result, in 1900, the average life span was 45 years, and World War I did not change that to the better.

In 1915, British bacteriologist Frederick W. Twort discovered a small agent that infects and kills bacteria, but did not pursue the issue further. Independently, the discovery of "an invisible, antagonistic microbe of the dysentery bacillus" by d'Hérelle was announced on 3 September 1917. The isolation of phages by d'Herelle works like this:
Nutritional medium is infected with bacteria; the medium turns opaque.
The bacteria are infected with phages and die, producing new phages; the medium clears.
The medium is filtered through porcelain filter, holding back bacteria and larger objects; only the smaller phages pass through.

In early 1919, d'Hérelle isolated phages from chicken feces, successfully treating a plague of chicken typhoid with them. After this successful experiment on chicken, he felt ready for the first trial on humans. The first patient was healed of dysentery using phage therapy in August 1919. Many more followed.

At the time, none, not even d'Hérelle, knew exactly what a phage was.  D'Hérelle claimed that it was a biological organism that reproduces, somehow feeding off bacteria. Others, the Nobelist Jules Bordet chief among them, theorized that phages were inanimate chemicals, enzymes specifically, that were already present in bacteria, and only trigger the release of similar proteins, killing the bacteria in the process. Due to this uncertainty, and d'Hérelle using phages without much hesitation on humans, his work was under constant attack from many other scientists. It was not until the first phage was observed under an electron microscope by Helmut Ruska in 1939 that its true nature was established.

In 1920, d'Hérelle travelled to Indochina, pursuing studies of cholera and the plague, from where he returned at the end of the year. D'Hérelle, officially still an unpaid assistant, found himself without a lab; d'Hérelle later claimed this was a result of a quarrel with the assistant director of the Pasteur Institute, Albert Calmette. The biologist Edouard Pozerski had mercy on d'Hérelle and lent him a stool (literally) in his laboratory. In 1921, he managed to publish a monograph, The Bacteriophage: Its Role in Immunity about his works as an official Institute publication, by tricking Calmette. During the following year, doctors and scientists across western Europe took a heightened interest in phage therapy, successfully testing it against a variety of diseases. Since bacteria become resistant against a single phage, d'Herelle suggested using "phage cocktails" containing different phage strains.

Phage therapy soon became a boom, and a great hope in medicine. In 1924, 25 January, d'Hérelle received the honorary doctorate of the University of Leiden, as well as the Leeuwenhoek medal, which is only awarded once every ten years. The latter was especially important to him, as his idol Louis Pasteur received the same medal in 1895). The next year, he was nominated eight times for the Nobel prize, though he was never awarded one.

Egypt
After holding a temporary position at the University of Leiden, d'Hérelle got a position with the Conseil Sanitaire, Maritime et Quarantenaire d'Egypte in Alexandria. The Conseil was put in place to prevent plague and cholera spreading to Europe, with special emphasis on the sanitary concerns about muslim pilgrim groups returning from Mecca and Medina.

India
D'Hérelle then used phages he collected from plague-infected rats during his 1920 visit to Indochina on human plague patients, with claimed success. The British Empire initiated a vast campaign against plague based on his results.

In 1926, the British government in India requested anti-plague phages for trials at the Haffkine Institute. The Institute had trouble maintaining the phages. D'Hérelle took unpaid leave from the Quarantine board of Egypt and went to Bombay at his own expense.

The Haffkine Institute had not used  Martin's medium, which included macerated pig stomach and beef muscle that would offend Muslims and Hindus. The Institute's medium used a hydrochloric acid digest of goat tissue. D'Herelle solved the problem by digestion with papaya juice (a source of papain).

Thereafter Lt Col J. Morison, acting director of the Haffkine Institute, became convinced of the effectiveness of phages. Morison wrote to the Government of India to invite d'Hérelle noting that he was "a consummate technician, and a "most inspiring worker."

D'Hérelle returned to India to work on cholera. He collaborated with the assistant director of the Haffkine Institute, Major Reginald Malone and M.N. Lahiri, who conducted experiments at the Campbell Hospital in Calcutta. The Campbell Hospial team also worked with Russian bacteriologist Igor Nicholas Asheshov (1891–1961), who was working in Patna. Experiments were conducted both in hospitals and in the field.

D'Hérelle and co-workers added phages to wells near camps crowded with many pilgrims. Cases of cholera in the camps were subsequently much lower. The phages were distributed to village head men in Assam and Bengal along with instructions.

However, this was a period when Gandhi's Satyagraha was leading to non-cooperation by Indians. Many of the head men did not collaborate and fewer still reported back on the effectiveness. As a result, the experiment was disbanded in 1937.

United States and commercial failures
D'Hérelle refused a request the following year by the British government to work in India, as he had been offered a professorship at Yale University, which he accepted. Meanwhile, European and US pharmaceutical companies had taken up the production of their own phage medicine, and were promising impossible benefits.

To counteract this trend, d'Herelle agreed to co-found a French phage-producing company, piping the money back into phage research. All of the companies suffered from production problems, as results from commercial phage medicine were erratic.

Production problems were most likely due to the attempt to mass-produce phages when they were barely understood. The phages may have been damaged and/or too low in concentration. Another possibility is that incorrect diagnoses led to the use of the irrelevant types of phages that were not adapted to the host bacteria of interest. Many studies on the proposed healing effects of phages were also poorly designed and conducted.

This situation led to many influential members of the scientific community turning against d'Hérelle. The problems may have been compounded by d'Hérelle's reputed bad temper, which was said to have made enemies of several other scientists.

Soviet Union
In about 1934, d'Hérelle went to Tbilisi, Georgia. He was welcomed to the Soviet Union as a hero, bringing knowledge of salvation from diseases ravaging the eastern states. He was even awarded with a honorary doctorate from Tbilisi State University in 1934.

D'Hérelle may have accepted Stalin's invitation for two reasons. Firstly, he was said to be enamored with communism.
Secondly, d'Hérelle was happy to be working with his friend, Professor George Eliava, founder of the Tbilisi Institute, in 1923. Eliava had become friendly with d'Herelle during a visit to the Pasteur Institute in Paris in 1926, and had used that occasion to learn about phages.

D'Hérelle worked at the Tbilisi Institute off and on for about a year. He even dedicated one of his books to Comrade Stalin: "The Bacteriophage and the Phenomenon of Recovery," written and published in Tbilisi in 1935. Indeed, d'Hérelle may have planned to take up permanent residence in  Tbilisi, as he had started to build a cottage on the grounds of the Institute. The same building would later house the Georgian headquarters of the NKVD.

Fortunes turned abruptly for d'Hérelle when Eliava fell in love with the same woman as Lavrenty Beria, head of the secret police. Eliava was executed and denounced as an enemy of the people during one of Stalin's purges. As a result, d'Hérelle fled Tbilisi, never to return. His book was banned from distribution.

The Georgian period in d'Hérelle's career has been investigated by author and medical scientist David Shrayer-Petrov.

Final return to France
Phage therapy boomed, despite all problems, driven by the military on both sides in an effort to keep the troops safe, at least from infections. D'Hérelle could not really enjoy this development; he was kept under house arrest by the German "Wehrmacht" in Vichy, France. He used the time to write his book "The Value of Experiment", as well as his memoirs, the latter being 800 pages in length.

After D-Day, the new antibiotic drug penicillin became public knowledge and found its way into the hospitals in the west. As it was more reliable and easier to use than phage therapy, it soon became the method of choice, despite  side effects and problems with resistant bacteria. Phage therapy remained a common treatment in the states of the Soviet Union, though, until its deconstruction.

Félix d'Hérelle was stricken with pancreatic cancer and died a forgotten man in Paris in 1949. He was buried in Saint-Mards-en-Othe in the department of the Aube in France.

In the 1960s Félix d'Hérelle's name appeared on a list published by the Nobel Foundation of scientists who had been worthy of receiving the Nobel Prize but did not, for one reason or another. D'Herelle was nominated for the prize ten times.

However, France has not completely forgotten Félix d'Hérelle. There is an avenue that bears his name in the 16th arrondissement in Paris.

Legacy
D'Hérelle became widely known for his imaginative approaches to important problems in theoretical, as well as applied, microbiology. At the same time, he was widely reviled for his self-advertisement, his exaggerated claims of success and his sharp financial practices. He also had a talent for making enemies among powerful senior scientists.

D'Hérelle's main legacy lies in the use of phage in the molecular revolution in biology. Max Delbrück and the "phage group" used bacteriophages to make the discoveries that led to the origins of molecular biology. Much of the initial work on the nature of genetic expression and its regulation was performed with bacteriophages by Francois Jacob, Andre Lwoff and Jacques Monod. In fact, immediately before his studies of the structure of DNA, James Watson had earned his Ph.D. by working on a bacteriophage-related project in Salvador Luria's laboratory. A more detailed account of the use of phage in major biological discoveries can be found on the page, bacteriophage.

As one of the earliest applied microbiologists, d'Hérelle's microbe-centered worldview has been noted for its prescience, since microbes are playing increasingly important roles in bioremediation, microbial fuel cells, gene therapy, and other areas with relevance to human well-being.

Namesakes
The family Herelleviridae, a group of bacteriophages in order Caudovirales, was named in honor of Félix d'Hérelle.

Literary note
The novel Arrowsmith written by Sinclair Lewis with scientific help from Paul de Kruif was based to a certain extent on the life of d'Hérelle. The novel The French Cottage (Russ. Frantsuzskii kottedzh) by David Shrayer-Petrov deals at length with d'Hérelle's experience in Soviet Georgia.

Books
1946. L'étude d'une maladie: Le Choléra. French. F. Rouge & Cie S. A., Lausanne.
1938. Le Phénomène de la Guérison dans les Maladies Infectieuses. Masson et cie, Paris.
Russian translation with G. Eliava. 1935. Bakteriofag i fenomen vyzdorovlenija Tiflis Gos. Univ. (Tbilisi National University, Tbilisi, Georgia).
Georgian translation with G. Eliava. 1935. (cf Summers WC, 1999, page 165)
1933. Le Bactériophage et ses Applications Thérapeutiques. Doin, Paris.
English translation. with G. H. Smith. 1930. The Bacteriophage and its Clinical Application. p. 165–243. Charles C. Thomas, Publisher, Springfield, Illinois.
1929. Études sur le Choléra. Impr. A. Serafini, Alexandrie.
English translation, with R. H. Malone, and M. N. Lahiri. 1930. Studies on Asiatic Cholera. Thacker, Spink & Co., Calcutta.
1926. Le Bactériophage et son Comportement. Masson et Cie, Paris.
English translation, with G. H. Smith. 1926. The Bacteriophage and Its Behavior. The Williams &Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
with G. H. Smith. 1924. Immunity in Natural Infectious Disease. Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore.
1923. Les Défenses de l'Organisme. Flammarion, Paris.
1921. Le bactériophage: Son rôle dans l'immunité. Masson et cie, Paris. , Internet Archive
German translation, 1922. Der Bakteriophage und seine Bedeutung für die Immunität. F. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig.
English translation, 1922 The Bacteriophage: Its Role in Immunity. Williams and Wilkins Co./Waverly Press, Baltimore.

References

Bibliography

Further reading

  includes excerpts from his unpublished autobiography Macmillan.

Shrayer David P. (1996). "Felix d'Hérelle in Russia." Bull Inst Pasteur. 94:91–6.

William C. Summers, Félix d'Hérelle and the Origins of Molecular Biology, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999.
Shrayer David P. Félix d'Hérelle in Russia. Bull Inst Pasteur. 1996;94:91–6.

Canadian microbiologists
Canadian geneticists
Canadian biologists
Phage workers
Scientists from Montreal
French Quebecers
Immigrants to France
Immigrants to Argentina
Leeuwenhoek Medal winners
1873 births
1949 deaths
Canadian expatriates in Mexico
Canadian emigrants
Immigrants to the United States

Félix d'Hérelle


Antoinette KEBI née MOUNKALA, est une juriste et personnalité politique congolaise, née le 27 octobre 1954 à Dolisie en République du Congo.

Elle est Secrétaire exécutive du Conseil consultatif de la femme depuis 2018. .

Biographie

Famille
Antoinette Kebi naît le 27 octobre 1954 à Dolisie, dans le département du Niari en République du Congo. Mariée, elle est mère de cinq enfants.

Formation
Après des études secondaires au lycée technique du 1er mai de Brazzaville elle obtient son Baccalauréat en techniques administratives en 1974. Elle intègre ensuite l'ECSEDI dont elle obtiendra un Graduat (BTS) de secrétariat de direction. Elle obtiendra par la suite un diplôme de fin d'étude de l'Académie Européenne des Secrétaires à Bruxelles en 1977.

En 1980 elle obtient une licence de droit privé. En 1987 elle obtient son doctorat en droit après avoir soutenu une thèse sous la direction du professeur Youri Markovitch Kozlov à l'université d'Etat Lomonossov de Moscou.

Carrière professionnelle
De 1977 à 1981, Antoinette Kebi occupe les fonctions de secrétaire de direction à l'Union Africaine des Postes et Télécommunications.

De 1991 à 2019, elle est enseignant permanent à la faculté de droit de l'Université Marien Ngouabi de Brazzaville. Elle y enseignera principalement les régimes matrimoniaux et les successions et occupera successivement le poste de Chef de département de droit privé, de 1996 à 2001, puis celui de Chef de cabinet du Recteur de l'Université, de 2002 à 2003.

En 2001, à la suite des conflits armés ayant endeuillé le Congo, sera créé le Haut-Commissariat à la Réinsertion des Ex-combattants. De 2005 à 2011, Antoinette KEBI y occupera les fonctions de :

 Conseillère administrative et juridique du Haut-Commissaire à la réinsertion des ex-combattants, de (2001-2005) ;
 Coordonnatrice de la composante prévention et règlement des conflits du Programme National de Désarmement, Démobilisation et Réinsertion des Ex-combattants (PNDDR), (2005-2009) ;
 Conseillère administrative et juridique du Haut-commissaire à la Réinsertion des Ex-combattants (2009-2010) ;
 Directrice de cabinet du Haut-commissaire à la réinsertion des Ex-combattants (2010-2011).

Autres fonctions
En Septembre 2016, elle est nommée par le Chef de l'Etat Denis SASSOU NGUESSO, Conseillère du Président de la République, Chef du département de la Promotion de la femme, de la famille et des groupes vulnérables.

En 2017, cumulativement avec sa fonction de Conseillère du Président de la République, elle est Directrice Générale du Partenariat au Ministère du Plan, de la statistique et de l'intégration régionale; poste qu'elle occupera jusqu'à sa nomination  par le Chef de l'Etat congolais, en décembre 2018 en tant que Secrétaire exécutive du Conseil consultatif de la femme, un des organes institué par la nouvelle Constitution du 25 octobre 2015, dont l'objectif est d'émettre des avis au Président de la République et des suggestions au gouvernement afin de promouvoir et d'intégrer les femmes au développement du pays.

Carrière politique
En 2014, l'initiative politique d'Antoinette Kebi-Mounkala est soulignée dans la thèse Genre et Paix ! Les femmes dans la résolution des conflits au Congo-Brazzaville du sociologue Maixent Cyr Itoua Ondet, sous la direction de Serge Dufoulon à l'université de Grenoble. Elle est membre du bureau politique du Parti Congolais du Travail (PCT).

Engagement pour la démocratie
En 2009, Antoinette Kebi-Mounkala, alors coordonnatrice du Programme de Désarmement, Démobilisation et Réinsertion (PNDDR)déclare à Gabonews à cette période : .

Engagement pour les femmes
Antoinette Kebi-Mounkala encourage les femmes à s'engager en politique. En 2017 elle déclare lors d'une conférence avec les femmes des partis politiques organisée par le Centre de promotion de la femme en politique, dirigé par Emilienne Raoul, que les femmes ne devraient pas s'engager en politique de manière hasardeuse, mais le faire en se formant en la matière.

Elle fait partie de la division de la condition féminine au Parti Congolais du Travail (PCT) et occupera la charge de Secrétaire exécutive nationale par intérim de l'organisation féminine de ce parti: l'Organisation des femmes du Congo (OFC), succédant à Jeanne Sarah Dambendzet, nommée ambassadrice du Congo en Italie. Elle était jusqu'alors Secrétaire à l'organisation et à la mobilisation  de cet organe. A l'issue du premier congrès extraordinaire de l'OFC, elle passera le flambeau à Inès Nefer Bertille Ingani et sera remplacée au poste de Secrétaire à l'organisation et à la mobilisation par Chantal Nkodia.

Lors du 5e congrès ordinaire du PCT en 2019, en sa qualité de Secrétaire à l'organisation et à la mobilisation et Secrétaire exécutive nationale intérimaire de l'Organisation des femmes du Congo (OFC), elle plaide pour une réelle implication de la femme au développement. Elle dénonce la faible représentativité de celles-ci dans les sphère de gouvernance et exhorte les congressistes à veiller au respect d'un quota d'au moins 30% de femmes tant au plan administratif que politique. Un discours qu'elle continue de porter lors de ces différents échanges avec les femmes engagées politiquement.

En sa qualité de Secrétaire exécutive du Conseil consultatif de la femme, elle échange avec les acteurs du système des  Nations Unis au Congo, sur ses différentes activités notamment.

Elle s'attache notamment à sensibiliser sur la conciliation de la vie familiale et de la vie professionnelle, notamment dans des milieux peu féminisés comme l'action publique, l'armée, l'agriculture, les sociétés savantes et religieuses.

La question de la représentativité des femmes dans les sphères de décision reste un de ses cheval de bataille, sa vision de l'émancipation des femmes est attachée à un respect des croyances de chacun.

Ouvrages

 Antoinette KEBI-MOUNKALA, Droit congolais de la famille. Filiation, régimes matrimoniaux, successions et libéralités, L'Harmattan, coll. Études africaines, 2008, 285p
 Antoinette KEBI-MOUNKALA, « La situation successorale du conjoint survivant au Congo », Ann. Univ. M. NGouabi, n° 1, vol 3, Sciences Juridiques et Politiques, 2002, pp. 45-54
 Antoinette KEBI-MOUNKALA, « Les régimes matrimoniaux ou les difficultés d'un choix », Revue Congolaise de droit, n°15-16, 1994, pp.71-83

Références

Professeur à l'université Marien-Ngouabi
Femme politique congolaise (RC)
Date de naissance non renseignée (XXe siècle)
Féministe congolaise (RC)

Antoinette Kebi-Mounkala


Albion Township may refer to:

Canada
 Albion Township, Ontario

United States

Arkansas
 Albion Township, White County, Arkansas, in White County, Arkansas

Indiana
 Albion Township, Noble County, Indiana

Iowa
 Albion Township, Butler County, Iowa
 Albion Township, Howard County, Iowa

Kansas
 Albion Township, Barton County, Kansas
 Albion Township, Reno County, Kansas, in Reno County, Kansas
 Albion Township, Republic County, Kansas

Michigan
 Albion Township, Michigan

Minnesota
 Albion Township, Minnesota

North Dakota
 Albion Township, Dickey County, North Dakota, in Dickey County, North Dakota

Township name disambiguation pages

Albion Township


بيرنارد لاكومب  (15 أغسطس 1952 في ليون) لاعب كرة قدم ومدرب فرنسي سابق . كان يلعب في مركز المهاجم لصالح نادي ليون ثم نادي بوردو ومع منتخب فرنسا .

المسيرة الرياضية
بدأ لاكومب مسيرته الرياضية في نادي ليون سنة 1969 حيث زامل إيمي جاكيه لاعبا ثم مدربا للفريق . تم استدعائه للمشاركة في أول مباراة دولية مع منتخب فرنسا في 1973 . شارك في بطولة كأس العالم 1978 وسجل هدف في مرمى منتخب إيطاليا بعد مرور 30 ثانية فقط من بداية المباراة والذي يعتبر صاحب الرقم القياسي في أسرع هدف فرنسي دولي . كما شارك في بطولة كأس العالم 1982 وساهم في تحقيق بطولة كأس الأمم الأوروبية 1984 . بعدما أمضى فترة بسيطة في نادي سانت إتيان انضم إلى نادي بوردو واجتمع مجددا مع جاكيه وحقق بطولة دوري الدرجة الأولى 3 مرات . في خلال 255 مباراة يعتبر لاكومب ثاني أفضل هداف في تاريخ بطولة دوري الدرجة الأولى خلف ديليو أونيس .

بعدما اعتزل كلاعب عاد إلى نادي ليون من أجل احتلال منصب المدير التقني من 1988 إلى 1996 ثم كمدرب من 1996 إلى 2000 ثم مستشارا خاصا لرئيس النادي جان ميشيل أولاس وخلال هذه الفترة استطاع أن يساهم في تحقيق الفريق بطولة دوري الدرجة الأولى سبع مواسم متتالية وبالتالي المشاركة في بطولة دوري أبطال أوروبا لسبع مواسم متتالية أيضا . يتمتع لاكومب بثقة أولاس وقد وافقه الرأي في مسألة التعاقد مع بعض نجوم الفريق البرازيليين أمثال جونينهو برنامبوكانو ، إدملسون ، كريس ، كلاوديو كاسابا ، وفريد تشافيز .

روابط خارجية

المراجع

لاعبو كرة قدم رجالية فرنسيون
مهاجمو كرة قدم رجالية
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
رياضيون من ليون
لاعبو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو بطولة أمم أوروبا 1984
لاعبو بوردو
لاعبو سانت إتيان
لاعبو كأس العالم 1978
لاعبو كأس العالم 1982
لاعبو كرة قدم فرنسيون
لاعبو أولمبيك ليون
لاعبو منتخب فرنسا لكرة القدم
لاعبون فائزون ببطولة أمم أوروبا
مدربو كرة قدم فرنسيون
مدربو أولمبيك ليون
مواليد 1952
مواليد في ليون
مدربو الدوري الفرنسي
لاعبو كرة قدم من ليون

بيرنارد لاكومب


Le Concerto pour clarinette , , est le deuxième concerto pour clarinette écrit par le compositeur anglais Malcolm Arnold. Il a été commandé en 1974 par le clarinettiste Benny Goodman, qui avait donné la première américaine du Concerto pour clarinette  de Macolm Arnold en 1967.

À la fin des années 1960, Goodman a téléphoné à Arnold pour lui commander le concerto ; cependant, Arnold, croyant qu'il s'agissait d'une farce, a crié  « Sod off ! » () et lui a raccroché au nez. Une fois cette confusion résolue, Arnold a accepté de composer la pièce. Une fois la pièce terminée, en avril 1974, Goodman se rend à Dublin pour récupérer la partition. Arnold la laisse dans sa chambre d'hôtel avec des fleurs et une bouteille de whisky Jack Daniel's. Quelques heures plus tard, il reçoit un appel de Goodman, qui note :

Le concerto est adapté aux antécédents de Goodman en matière de jazz : le premier mouvement, Allegro vivace, comprend une cadence marquée  « as jazzy and way out as you please » (). Le deuxième mouvement, Lento, est plus lyrique, bien que Paul Serotsky suggère que . Le dernier mouvement, Allegro non troppo, est également connu sous le nom de Pre-Goodman Rag et est caractérisé par des rythmes de ragtime.

Le concerto a été créé au Red Rocks Music Festival le 17 août 1974 par Benny Goodman et le Denver Symphony Orchestra. Lorsqu'il a été composé pour la première fois, peu de clarinettistes classiques étaient prêts à tenter une interprétation en raison de la qualité « scandaleuse » du mouvement final. Jack Brymer a été l'un des premiers, après Goodman, à interpréter l'œuvre en public, mais il ne l'a pas enregistrée. Depuis, plusieurs enregistrements ont été réalisés par divers musiciens.

Instrumentation
La pièce est écrite pour une clarinette solo, un piccolo, deux hautbois, deux bassons, deux cors, des timbales, un jeu de trappes et des cordes.

Bibliographie

Notes et références

Liens externes

Œuvre de Malcolm Arnold
Arnold

Concerto pour clarinette no 2 d'Arnold


Agave neopringlei ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Agaven (Agave) in der Unterfamilie der Agavengewächse (Agavoideae). Das Artepitheton neopringlei ehrt den US-amerikanischen Pflanzenzüchter und Entdecker Cyrus Guernsey Pringle (1838–1911).

Beschreibung
Agave neopringlei ist kahl und wächst etwas stammbildend. Der oft 5 bis 6 Zentimeter lange Stamm entspringt einer schmal eiförmigen Zwiebel. Die Wurzeln sind fleischig. Die fünf bis zehn Laubblätter (selten ab einem Laubblatt) stehen in einer basalen Rosette zusammen, oder es befinden sich ein bis sechs zusätzliche Laubblätter einige Zentimeter über der Schaftbasis. Sie sind (fast) aufrecht und linealisch verschmälert. Ihre Blattspreite ist 10 bis 25 (selten bis 45) Zentimeter lang und 3 bis 7 (selten 1 bis 10) Millimeter breit. Die Blattränder sind etwas papillös. Gelegentlich sind die Laubblätter auch an ihrer Unterseite entlang der Blattadern papillös.

Der "ährige" Blütenstand erreicht eine Höhe von 25 bis 45 (selten bis 65) Zentimeter. Der blütentragende Teil ist 8 bis 12 (selten bis 20) Zentimeter lang und trägt an drei bis sieben blütentragende Knoten paarig angeordnete, sitzenden Blüten, die duften. Der Fruchtknoten ist aufrecht. Die Perigonblätter sind weiß, manchmal hellrosa, oder innen weiß und außen rosafarben. Die von der Basis aufsteigende Blütenröhre ist meist etwas in der Mitte oder weiter unten fließend auswärts gebogen. Darunter ist sie schlank zylindrisch, darüber schmal trichterförmig. Die Blütenröhre ist 30 bis 70 Millimeter lang und misst in Richtung Spitze 2,5 bis 4 Millimeter im Durchmesser. Ihre Zipfel sind fast gleich in zwei Reihen, aufsteigend-ausgebreitet oder schließlich zurückgebogen, elliptisch bis länglich oder verkehrt lanzettlich und 10 bis 15 (selten ab 5) Millimeter lang. Die Staubbeutel und der Griffel ragen nicht aus der Blütenröhre heraus. Der Griffel besitzt drei elliptisch-längliche oder eiförmige, etwa 1,5 Millimeter große Zipfel.

Die breit ellipsoiden Früchte sind 1 bis 1,3 Zentimeter lang und 0,8 bis 1 Zentimeter breit. Sie enthalten 3,5 bis 4 Millimeter lange Samen.

Systematik und Verbreitung
Agave neopringlei ist in den mexikanischen Bundesstaaten Durango, Nayarit, Aguascalientes, Guanajuato(?), Jalisco, Guerrero, Morelos und San Luis Potosí in Grasländern, auf grasigen Lichtungen und Abhängen in Kiefern-Eichenwaldgebieten sowie nasse Wiesen und Weiden in Höhenlagen von 800 bis 2200 Metern verbreitet.

Die Erstbeschreibung als Polianthes pringlei durch Joseph Nelson Rose wurde 1903 veröffentlicht. Joachim Thiede und Urs Eggli stellten die Art 1999 in die Gattung Agave. Dabei mussten sie einen neuen Namen wählen, da bereits die Art Agave pringlei  (1883) existierte. Der Name des herterotypischen Synonyms Polianthes durangensis  (1903) konnte nicht verwendet werden, da Howard Scott Gentry 1982 die Erstbeschreibung von Agave durangensis veröffentlicht hatte.

Die Art gehört in die Untergattung Manfreda und wird dort der Polianthes-Gruppe zugeordnet.

Nachweise

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

 Paratypus von Polianthes pringlei im Muséum national d'histoire naturelle.

Agaven
Neopringlei

Agave neopringlei


Cyrille V d'Alexandrie (né en 1831 dans le Gouvernorat de Beni Souef mort le ) est le  patriarche copte d'Alexandrie.

Biographie
Le future Patriarche naît sous le nom de Jean dans la ville de Tezment dans le Gouvernorat de Beni Souef en 1831 A.D..

A l'âge de 11 ans en 1843 A.D., il est ordonné diacre et remplit les charges du diaconat avec application. Comme dès son jeune âge il privilégie une vie de solitude et d'ascétisme; il quitte le monde pour le monastère de Saint-Marie, connu sous le nom de El-Sourian dans le Wadi El-Natrun. Là il devient le disciple d'un guide spirituel l'higoumène, c'est-à-dire: archiprêtre, Girgis El-Far, le père confesseur des moines. Lorsque son père apprend qu'il se trouve dans ce monastère il lui demande de revenir chez lui mais du fait son amour de la vie ascétique il ne tarde pas à retourner à la solitude et devient moine au monastère de El-Baramous (Deir Baramos (monastère des Romains) en 1850. Du fait de son excellence dans le vie religieuse il est ordonné prêtre dès 1851 A.D., puis promu  Higoumème en 1852 A.D. Il est consacré Patriarche  le  jour de Babah, 1591 A.M. ( A.D.) . Il meurt le  jour de Mesra 1643 A.M. ( A.D.) après avoir occupé le Siège patriarcal de Saint-Marc;  53 ans, 9 mois et 6 jours.

Notes et références

Lien externe

  The Departure of St. Kyrillos V (Cyril), 112th Pope of Alexandria.

Patriarche d'Alexandrie
Pape copte orthodoxe du XIXe siècle
Pape copte orthodoxe du XXe siècle
Décès en août 1927

Cyrille V d'Alexandrie


John Michael Riva (* 28. Juni 1948 in New York City; † 7. Juni 2012 in New Orleans) war ein US-amerikanischer Filmarchitekt. Riva war ein Sohn des Broadway-Bühnenbildners William Riva und der Schauspielerin Maria Riva und somit Enkel Marlene Dietrichs. Er wuchs in England auf.

Leben
Rivas Interesse für den Film, geweckt durch seine Eltern, führte ihn recht bald zur Cinémathèque française nach Paris, wo er zeitweise jobbte. Anschließend betrieb Riva einige Semester Filmstudien an der UCLA in Los Angeles, die er aber vorzeitig abbrach. In den frühen 1970er-Jahren verdiente er sich sein erstes Geld mit Entwürfen für Theateraufführungen und als Designer für Werbesessions. Er und seine Frau Wendy Riva hatten zwei Söhne Daniel und Adam. Er brachte zwei Söhne aus erster Ehe mit, John Michael (Mikey) Riva Jr. und den adoptierten Sohn Jean-Paul Riva.

Mitte der 1970er-Jahre begann Riva für den Kinofilm zu entwerfen. Seine frühen Filmbauten beschränkten sich auf Exploitationfilme vom Schlage Ilsa – Haremswächterin des Ölscheichs, doch konnte Riva bereits gegen Ende des Jahrzehnts über den Kontakt zu Robert Redford erstmals A-Produktionen szenenbildnerisch betreuen. Für Redford lieferte er 1979 auch die Entwürfe zu dessen Regiedebüt Eine ganz normale Familie.

Seitdem war John Michael Riva ein gefragter Designer für routinierte Hollywoodunterhaltung wie Richard Donners Lethal-Weapon-Filme, das hochkarätig besetzte Militärgerichtsdrama Eine Frage der Ehre, das Afrika-Abenteuer Congo, die beiden 2000 und 2002 gedrehten Drei-Engel-für-Charlie-Actionfilme sowie Teil drei und vier der Spider-Man-Reihe. Für die Bauten zu Steven Spielbergs Melodram Die Farbe Lila erhielt Riva 1986 eine Oscarnominierung. 1988 arbeitete er zusammen mit seiner Mutter bei Bill Murrays Dickens-Parodie Die Geister, die ich rief … mit.

Riva starb am 7. Juni 2012 an den Folgen eines Schlaganfalls, den er bei den Dreharbeiten zu Quentin Tarantinos Film Django Unchained erlitten hatte.

Filmografie

Literatur
 Kay Weniger: Das große Personenlexikon des Films. Die Schauspieler, Regisseure, Kameraleute, Produzenten, Komponisten, Drehbuchautoren, Filmarchitekten, Ausstatter, Kostümbildner, Cutter, Tontechniker, Maskenbildner und Special Effects Designer des 20. Jahrhunderts. Band 6: N – R. Mary Nolan – Meg Ryan. Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-89602-340-3, S. 559.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Szenenbildner
Marlene Dietrich
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1948
Gestorben 2012
Mann

J. Michael Riva


Douro-Dummer is a township in central-eastern Ontario, Canada, in Peterborough County along the Trent-Severn Waterway. It was formed on January 1, 1998, through the amalgamation of Douro and Dummer Townships.

The township is the site of drumlins known as the Drumlins of Douro, and home of the Warsaw Caves (near the community of Warsaw).

Douro's general store was run by the same family since 1896, Patrick George Towns after moving the store opened in his hometown Peterborough in 1892; however, it closed its doors for the last time in Sunday, September 4, 2016. It was reopened as Towns and Leahy Merchantile and Deli in 2017, but it was destroyed by a fire in 2018.

Local government
Douro-Dummer is governed by a mayor, deputy-mayor and three councillors. As of the 2022 election, the elected council members are:

Mayor: Heather Watson

Deputy Mayor: Harold Nelson

Councillor at Large: Thomas G. Watt

Councillors:

 Ward 1: Ray Johnston
 Ward 2: Adam Vervoort

Communities
The township comprises the communities of:

 Centre Dummer
 Clarina
 Cottesloe
 Crowes Landing
 Donwood
 Douro
 Five Corners - referring to convergence of Douro Seventh Line, Nassau Road and Peterborough County Road 4
 Galesburg - south of Clear Lake
 Gilchrist Bay - waterway within Stoney Lake
 Guerin - along Indian River
 Hall's Glen
 Juniper Island - on Ston(e)y Lake
 McCrackens Landing
 South Beach
 South Dummer
 Warsaw - south end of Quarry Lake and seat of municipal government
 Young's Point

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Douro-Dummer had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Notable people
Ronnie Hawkins, American-born Canadian musician, Rockabilly Legend (resident 1970-2017)
Leahy, Canadian folk rock band (family homestead)
Susanna Moodie 1803-1885, Pioneer, English-born Canadian writer and newspaper editor (former resident 1832-1840)
Catharine Parr Traill 1802-1899, Pioneer, English-born Canadian writer, naturalist and sister of Susanna Moodie (former resident 1832-1840)

See also
List of townships in Ontario

References

External links

Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario
Municipalities in Peterborough County
Township municipalities in Ontario

Douro-Dummer


Office in a Small City (Despacho en una ciudad pequeña) es una pintura de 1953 del pintor realista norteamericano Edward Hopper. Representa a un hombre sentado en una oficina  mirando el paisaje exterior. El estilo recuerda al de muchos de los trabajos de Hopper, que retrata la soledad de manera muy bella y agradable. Se expone en el Museo Metropolitano de Arte en Nueva York.

Adquirida por el museo poco después de su composición en octubre de 1953, es la única obra de Hopper de ese año.

Véase también
 Escuela Ashcan
Habitación en Nueva York

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Colecciones del Museo Metropolitano de Arte
Cuadros de 1953
Escenas de género

Despacho en una ciudad pequeña


9GAG es un sitio humorístico de Internet establecido en Hong Kong y publicado en Estados Unidos. Lanzada en 2008, esta página es muy conocida por el uso de memes.

Contenido y estilo

La página es, con algunos cambios, similar en su presentación con la de un blog, donde los post son llamados "gags" (broma en inglés).El nombre de esta página Web provenía del hecho que se mostraban nueve gags por página al momento. A partir del 6 de febrero de 2012 hubo un cambio general en el que los gags son mostrados en grupos de 110 por página.

Los gags consisten en imágenes (y algunas veces en videos de YouTube) que suelen estar acompañados de cuadros de texto que funciona como un pequeño comentario o una descripción del gag. El contenido y temas de estos, suelen mostrar memes del mundo del internet Memes Caricatura, personajes y personalidades, diseños que muestran actividades del día a día con toques humorísticos, bromas con respecto a algunos estereotipos asociados con hombres, mujeres, políticos y muchos más, críticas de ciertos artistas y actores, parodias, sátiras, pequeñas historias (tanto tristes como alegres), comentarios sobre algunos eventos e incluso algunos llamando a la solidaridad de la comunidad "9GAG" para alguna causa.

Cualquier usuario registrado puede subir gags a la página. Una vez en el servidor, estas imágenes pueden ser votadas en la sección del sitio llamada "Fresh" (fresco o nuevo en español). Si recibe suficientes votos, la imagen es movida a una sección llamada "Trending" (tendencias en español), de donde se pueden mover a la página principal si reciben suficientes votos positivos. Algunos gags no están disponibles a los usuarios no registrados, puesto que suelen contener bromas o comentarios con explícito contenido sexual (aunque suele ser ligero) y son marcados con la etiqueta NSFW (Not Safe For Work, No Recomendado Para el Trabajo) que avisa de que puede dar problemas ver dicho gag con más gente.
No es necesario estar registrado para acceder al sitio. Sin embargo, para poder votar, ver gags con acceso restringido o comentar las publicaciones, uno tiene que estar registrado completando una simple forma digital donde el usuario puede agregar su correo electrónico y un nombre de usuario, o conectarse directamente con su cuenta de Facebook.

9gag vs 4chan

Internamente, se dice que la página de 9gag está en "guerra" contra la página de 4chan. Esto se debe a que ambas páginas mantienen la misma idea de mostrar imágenes normalmente graciosas con comentarios de los usuarios y público en general. Sin embargo, una diferencia principal es en las imágenes en general que se muestran, siendo normalmente aptas para todo el público en 9gag y varias veces con motivos para adultos en la página de 4chan.

Fue gracias a 4chan que muchos de los actualmente conocidos memes de internet (Memes Caricatura) fueron creados volviéndose famosos. 9gag ha contribuido a volverlos más aceptados, llegando al punto de haber sido introducidos a muchas páginas como Facebook. Por lo que 4chan en varias ocasiones ha armado ataques contra 9gag por postear memes, pero estos nunca han sido tomados en serio, en ninguna de las dos páginas.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

 Web de 9gag

Sitios web de humor

9GAG


The Spandau Citadel () is a fortress in Berlin, Germany, one of the best-preserved Renaissance  military structures  of Europe. Built from 1559–94 atop a medieval fort on an island near the meeting of the Havel and the Spree, it was designed to protect the town of Spandau, which is now part of Berlin. In recent years it has been used as a museum and has become a popular tourist spot. Furthermore, the inner courtyard of the Citadel has served as an open air concert venue in the summertime since 2005.

History

In 1157, Albert the Bear built a frontier fortress at this site, and by the middle of the 15th century, the site was the Margrave of Brandenburg seat of government. By 1560, Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg engaged Christoph Römer to build an Italian style fortress, incorporating the older castle, Palas, and Julius Tower.  In 1562, Römer was replaced by Francesco Chiaramella de Gandino. In 1578 Rochus Graf zu Lynar took over.

In 1580, the first troops were assigned to Spandau Citadel, although its construction was not complete until 1594. Swedish troops were the first to besiege the citadel in 1675. In 1806 the citadel's garrison surrendered to the French army under Napoleon without firing a shot during the Fall of Berlin. It was retaken by Prussian and Russian forces in 1813, but the ramparts were heavily damaged during the battle and required extensive restoration. The citadel was also used as a prison for Prussian state prisoners, including German nationalist Friedrich Ludwig Jahn.

In 1935, the Army's Gas Protection Laboratory was installed. The site employed about 300 scientist and technicians working on chemical weapons (including synthesis, animal and human testing, munitions development, and development of manufacturing processes). Much of the work developing nerve gas was done here.

Close to the end of the Second World War, during the battle in Berlin, the citadel became a part of the city's defences. Although several hundred years old, the Citadel's tracé à l'italienne design made the structure difficult to storm. So instead of bombarding and storming the Citadel, the Soviets invested it and set about negotiating a surrender. After negotiations, the citadel's commander surrendered to the Lieutenant-General Perkhorovitch's 47th Army just after 15:00 on 1 May 1945, saving many lives and leaving the Renaissance bastion fort intact.

After the Second World War, the Spandau Citadel was first occupied by Soviet troops. After the division of Berlin by the Allied powers, Spandau and its Citadel were part of the British sector. Despite its history as a prison, the Citadel was not used to hold National Socialist war criminals. Rather, they were housed at Spandau prison in the same Berlin borough.

Structure

The citadel is composed of different buildings all related to defence or representative housing. The gate house with a draw bridge used to hinder attackers from entering the citadel. The Gothic hall building palace was used as residential building. Gravestones dating back to 1244 bear witness to Jewish life as an important trade town, and the function of the citadel as a refuge. Julius tower is Spandau's most famous sight. Originally built as a keep or watchtower, it was also used as a residence tower. Its castellated top was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1838 and is an example of Romantic architecture. After the Franco-Prussian War 1870/71, part of the war reparations paid by France, 120 million marks in gold coin, was stored at Julius tower until its restitution to France in 1919.

The word Juliusturm has since been used in Germany for governmental budget surpluses.

From 1950 to 1986, the citadel housed vocational school Otto Bartning. Subsequently, more and more buildings were redesigned for museums and exhibition. Today, Spandau Citadel is famous for its open-air concerts during the Citadel Music Festival.

Scenes from the 1985 action film Gotcha! were filmed at and around Spandau Citadel.

See also
 Spandau Prison
 Haselhorst

Notes

References

External links
 official web site Spandau Citadel

Infrastructure completed in 1594
Buildings and structures in Spandau
Forts in Germany
Renaissance architecture in Germany
Museums in Berlin
History museums in Germany
Water castles in Germany
Military and war museums in Germany

Spandau Citadel


كفر رماح إحدى قرى مركز منوف التابع لمحافظة المنوفية بجمهورية مصر العربية.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكان كفر رماح 2,839 نسمة، منهم 1,462 رجل و1,377 إمرأة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006.

انظر أيضاً
 قائمة قرى محافظة المنوفية

مصادر

قرى منوف
الوحدة المحلية لقرية الحامول (منوف)

كفر رماح


Austrofašizam je naziv za autoritarni režim i oblik vladavine u Austriji od donošenja svibanjskog ustava 1934. godine, pa do sjedinjenja s Njemačkom u Anschlussu u ožujku 1938. godine.

Jedina politička stranka u tom jednopartijskom sustavu bila je Domoljubna fronta Austrije (Vaterländische Front).

Tvorci tog sustava nazivali su ga 'Ständestaat', "staleška država", te su se uvelike ugledali na sličan koncept korporativizma u fašističkoj Italiji.

U Austriji nakon I. svjetskog rata je nastala teška ideološka podjela između konzervativnih (kršćanskih) i ljevičarskih (socijaldemokratskih i liberalnih) političkih snaga. Desničarska paravojna organizacija Heimwehr je 18. svibnja 1930. godine položila prisegu, da će se boriti protiv socijalističkih i ljevičarskih ideja, te također i protiv višestranačja kao navodno negativne pojave. Na lijevoj strani, bila je paramilitarna organizacija Republikanischer Schutzbund, koja je pokazivala slične antidemokratske sklonosti. Dana 31. ožujka 1932. godine je austrijski desničarski kancelar Engelbert Dollfuß zabranio Republikanischer Schutzbund - paravojnu snagu od kakvih 80 tisuća ljudi - čije vodstvo je međutim nastavilo "podzemno" upravljati tom organizacijom. Nakon što je Heimwehr 12. veljače 1934. godine krenuo u pretragu Hotela Schiff u Linzu tražeći vodstvo RS-a, nastao je oružani sukob 12. – 16. veljače 1934. širom Austrije (Austrijski građanski rat). Vojne i policijske snage su bile na strani vlade, a RS je bio slabo naoružan, pa su sukobi ubrzo završili pobjedom desnice i uz približno 4 stotine poginulih na obje strane.

Nakon tog vojnog sukoba, političke slobode u Austriji su suspendirane, a u austrijskom parlamentu su u svibnju 1934. godine okupili oni zastupnici koji su pripadali desnici, te su 20. svibnja 1934. godine izglasali novi Ustav, koji je uveo korporativističku državu po uzoru na Mussolinijev režim u Italiji.

Hitlerov režim u Njemačkoj je pokazivao ozbiljnu ambiciju da priključi Austriju Trećem Reichu, ali je Italija dovela na austrijsku granicu znatne vojne snage i odvratila naciste da pokušaju invaziju Austrije. Njemački nacisti su 25. srpnja 1934. god. u atentatu (i pokušaju revolucije, bilo je oružanih borbi na više mjesta u Austriji) ubili austrijskog kancelara Engelberta Dollfussa - kojemu je na pogreb došlo oko pola milijuna Austrijanaca - ali je austrofašističko vodstvo uspijevalo izbjeći pripojenje Njemačkoj do proljeća 1938. godine; točno onoliko koliko je fašistička Italija branila neovisnost Austrije.

Austrofašisti nisu prihvaćali sve ideje koje su razvili nacistički ideolozi - osobito za razliku od nacista nisu gojili sukob s Katoličkom Crkvom, nego su naprotiv jako inzistirali na katoličkom identitetu; također nisu bili privrženi antisemitizmu. S vremenom je, međutim, prihvaćanje nacističkih ideja među njima bilo sve veće.

Pod austrofašistima su političke i socijalne slobode bile posve ukinute, te je samo 1934. godine policija u Beču pretresla 106.000 stanova i uhitila 38.141 nacista, socijaldemokrata i komunista. Međutim ti politički progoni ipak nisu bili onako teški i smrtonosni kao što će biti kasniji nacistički.

Austrofašisti neće nakon Anschlussa pokazivati neki otpor nacistima, nego naprotiv podršku.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Prisilna romanizacija hrvatskih imena - članak govori o fašističkim zakonima kojima se zabranjivalo slavenska imena, "Zakon o službenoj promjeni onih imena koja vrijeđaju javni rad ili nacionalne osjećaje" i "zakon o»smiješnim i sramotnim imenima i prezimenima"

Političke ideologije

Austrofašizam


Marisol Guadalupe Romero Rosales (* 26. Januar 1983 in Mexiko-Stadt) ist eine mexikanische Langstreckenläuferin.

Karriere
Bei den Halbmarathon-Weltmeisterschaften 2009 in Birmingham kam sie auf den 38. Platz.

2010 qualifizierte sie sich mit einem zweiten Platz bei einem nationalen Ausscheidungsrennen in Léon für den Marathon der Zentralamerika- und Karibikspiele in Mayagüez, bei dem sie Gold gewann. Bei den Halbmarathon-WM in Nanning belegte sie den 22. Platz.

Im Jahr darauf siegte sie bei den Zentralamerika- und Karibikmeisterschaften über 5000 m und feierte bei den Panamerikanischen Spielen in Guadalajara einen doppelten Triumph über 5000 m und 10.000 m.

2012 qualifizierte sie sich durch einen Sieg beim Maratón de la Comarca Lagunera für die Olympischen Spiele in London, bei denen sie auf Rang 46 einlief. Bei den Halbmarathon-WM in Kawarna kam sie auf den 35. Platz.

2013 gewann sie den Guadalajara-Halbmarathon, verteidigte bei den Zentralamerika- und Karibikmeisterschaften ihren Titel über 5000 m und wurde bei den Leichtathletik-Weltmeisterschaften in Moskau Elfte über 10.000 m.

Persönliche Bestzeiten
 5000 m: 15:21,41 min, 17. Mai 2013, Los Angeles
 10.000 m: 31:46,43 min, 28. April 2013, Palo Alto
 Halbmarathon: 1:12:18 h, 17. Februar 2013, Guadalajara
 Marathon: 2:31:15 h, 4. März 2012, Torreón

Weblinks

 Athletenporträt bei der ARRS

5000-Meter-Läufer (Mexiko)
10.000-Meter-Läufer (Mexiko)
Marathonläufer (Mexiko)
Olympiateilnehmer (Mexiko)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2012
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2016
Panamerikaspielesieger (Leichtathletik)
Teilnehmer an den Panamerikanischen Spielen (Mexiko)
Mexikaner
Geboren 1983
Frau
Teilnehmer an den Zentralamerika- und Karibikspielen
Sieger bei den Zentralamerika- und Karibikspielen (Leichtathletik)

Marisol Romero


Dani, mjesečni je informativno-politički magazin u izdanju najstarijeg bosanskohercegovačkog dnevnog lista Oslobođenje.

Povijest
Kao BH Dani, magazin je osnovan u Sarajevu 3. rujna 1992. godine. Sve do prodaje Oslobođenju 2010. godine, Dani su izlazili u izdanju Civitas d.o.o. Sarajevo. Tjedna cirkulacija ovog lista je bila 25.000 primjeraka (iako je marketing Dana tvrdio da je svaku kopiju u prosjeku čitalo od četiri do šest ljudi dajući im navodno "stvarnu" nakladu od 100.000.).

Neovisno i objektivno redakcija Dana istražuje i analizira aktualne događaje, iz svih uglova, donosi ekskluzivne intervjue, zanimljive putopise, kolumne i priče o društvu, kulturi, businessu, politici, sportu, tehnologiji i modi. Magazin ima neovisnu uredničku politiku, fokus na građanske a ne nacionalne vrijednosti, te multilateralizam i zapadno orijentiranu viziju bosanskohercegovačkog društva.

Nagrade
 Nagrada za najbolje novine u Bosni i Hercegovini 1993. od Saveza novinara Bosne i Hercegovine
 Nagrada Fonda Otvoreno društvo BiH 1995
 Međunarodna nagrada Olof Palme za 1998.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službena stranica magazina Dani

Sarajevski tiskani mediji

Dani (magazin)


Vicente Joaquín Osorio de Moscoso y Guzmán (Madrid, 10 de enero de 1756-Madrid, 26 de agosto de 1816), varias veces grande de España, fue un noble español, director del Banco de San Carlos, en el que colaboró para su fundación, servidor de la Casa Real de España y caballero de la Orden del Toisón de Oro.

Biografía
Era hijo de Ventura Antonio Osorio de Moscoso y Fernández de Córdoba (m. 6 de enero de 1776), que le había precedido en todos sus títulos, y de su esposa María de la Concepción de Guzmán y de la Cerda (m.7 de octubre de 1803), hija de los condes de Oñate,  marqueses de Montealegre, etc. A la muerte de su padre en 1776, heredó su inmensa fortuna y «fue uno de los hombres más poderosos y ricos de su época». Fue doctor en Derecho Civil y Canónico por la Universidad de Granada y miembro de la Academia de Bellas Artes.

Ligado familiarmente a la corte del Reino de España, su familia materna había ocupado importantes puestos; siendo su abuelo, su bisabuelo y su tatarabuelo sumilleres de corps de diferentes reyes.

El rey Carlos III lo nombró, poco después, gobernador del Banco de San Carlos.

Terminó asimismo las obras de su Palacio de Altamira de la calle Flor Alta de Madrid, iniciadas por su padre y proyectado por Ventura Rodríguez.

Viudo en 1798, el rey Carlos IV lo eligió en 1801 como su Caballerizo mayor. Tras el Motín de Aranjuez el nuevo rey Fernando VII lo confirmó en su puesto, si bien por poco tiempo pues, meses después, huyó a Bayona.

Durante la Guerra de la Independencia perteneció a la Junta Suprema Central y llegó a ser su presidente (1808-1809).

Matrimonios y descendencia
Se casó el 3 de abril de 1774 con María Ignacia Álvarez de Toledo y Gonzaga, hija de Antonio Álvarez de Toledo Osorio, X marqués de Villafranca del Bierzo. De este matrimonio nacieron siete hijos, entre ellos Vicente Isabel Osorio de Moscoso y Álvarez de Toledo, que le sucedió en los títulos, y Bernardo Osorio de Moscoso y Álvarez de Toledo que fue chantre de la iglesia patriarcal de Sevilla y caballero de la Orden de Carlos III.

El 11 de diciembre de 1806 contrajo segundo matrimonio con María Magdalena Fernández de Córdoba y Ponce de León. de quien no hubo descendencia.

Títulos nobiliarios, señoríos y distinciones
Ostentó los siguientes títulos:
duque de Atrisco, duque de Baena, duque de Maqueda, duque de Medina de las Torres, duque de Sanlúcar la Mayor, duque de Sessa, duque de Soma, marqués de Almazán, marqués de Astorga, XIII marqués de Ayamonte, marqués de Elche, marqués de Leganés, marqués de Mairena, marqués de Monasterio, marqués de Morata de la Vega, marqués de Poza, marqués de Velada, de San Román (antigua denominación), marqués de Villamanrique, conde de Altamira, conde de Arzarcóllar, conde de Avelino, conde de Cabra, conde de Lodosa, conde de Monteagudo de Mendoza, conde de Nieva, conde de Oliveto, XVII conde de Santa Marta de Ortigueira, conde de Trastámara, conde de Trivento, vizconde de Iznájar, barón de Bellpuig, barón de Calonge, barón de Liñola, señor y príncipe de Aracena, señor de Turienzo y señor de Villalobos

Fue también alférez mayor hereditario del pendón de la divisa del rey, guarda mayor hereditario del Reino de Castilla, caballero de la Orden del Toisón de Oro, Gran Cruz de Carlos III y gentilhombre de cámara con ejercicio.

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos

Vicente Joaquín Osorio de Moscoso y Guzmán
Académicos de la Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
Condes de Trastámara
Condes de Cabra
Vizcondes de España
Nobles de la Comunidad de Madrid
Duques de Soma
Condes de España
Marqueses de España
Barones de España
Condado de Altamira
Nobles de España del siglo XVIII
Nobles de España del siglo XIX
Caballerizos mayores del rey
Nacidos en Madrid
Fallecidos en Madrid
Príncipes de Aracena
Príncipes de Maratea

Corte de Carlos II de España

Corte de Carlos III de España
Regentes de España


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Dokument kojim se .cat prijavilo ICANN-u poslan je 19. ožujka 2004. godine. Poslala ga je zaklada puntCAT sa sjedištem u Gironi. U aplikaciji za ICANN pod polje država (country) upisana je Katalonija i prijava je kao takva prošla. Zaklada puntCAT, koja upravlja ovom domenom je neprofitni entitet čije članstvo je s jednakim pravom glasa, a sastavljeno od ostalih zakonskih entiteta ali ne od pojedinaca.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
IANA .es whois informacija
Stranica za registriranje Domini.cat

Vrhovne internetske domene država
Katalonija

.cat


KGB, (, Latin alfabesiyle: Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti) Devlet Güvenlik Komitesi, Sovyetler Birliği'nin istihbarat ve gizli servisidir. İlk olarak 1918 yılında Çeka adıyla kurulan teşkilat pek çok kez isim değişikliğine maruz kalmış ve son olarak 13 Mart 1954'te KGB adını almıştır.

KGB'nın ana görevleri yabancı istihbarat ve karşı istihbaratı sağlamak, devlet sınırlarını korumak, milliyetçilik, muhalefet ve Anti-Sovyet faaliyetleri gibi suçlarla mücadele etmek, SSCB, SBKP ve Sovyet hükûmetini korumak, hükûmet için gerekli istihbarat ve iletişimi sağlamaktı. KGB ulusal güvenliği tehdit eden ve savunmayı gerektiren konularda devlet adına istihbarat sağlar ve gerektiğinde doğrudan olaya müdahale ederek, tehdit unsurlarını ortadan kaldırırdı.

Teşkilat 1954 yılında İç İstihbaratın NKVD birimi ve İçişleri Bakanlığının MVD biriminin birleşmesiyle meydana geldi. Merkezi Moskova'daki Lubyanka Meydanı'nında KGB ile özdeşleşen Lubyanka Binası'nda bulunuyordu.

Tarih
Petrograd Sovyeti Merkez Yürütme Kurulu Başkanı Feliks Dzerjinski 19 Aralık 1917'de Halk Komiserleri Konseyi toplantısında devlet dairelerinde sabotaj ve karşı-devrimci faaliyetler konusunda bir rapor sundu. Bu rapor Tüm Rusya Karşı-Devrim ve Sabotajla Mücadele Olağanüstü Komisyonu'nun (Rusça: Всероссийская чрезвычайная комиссия по борьбе с контрреволюцией и саботажем /Kısaca: Çeka) kuruluşunda bir teklif niteliği kazandı ve 6 Şubat 1918'de ilk Sovyet istihbarat ve gizli servisi Çeka kuruldu.

13 Mart 1954'te Yüksek Sovyet Prezidyumu'nda kabul edilen bir kararname ile istihbarat ve güvenlik servisinin adı Devlet Güvenlik Komitesi (Rusça:Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti) adını aldı. İçişleri eski birinci bakan yardımcısı General İvan Serov yeni adıyla KGB'nin ilk başkanı olarak atandı.

1991 Ağustosundaki ihtilal girişiminde zamanın KGB Başkanı General Vladimir Kryuçkov'un rolü olduğu ispatlanıp yerine getirilen General Vadim Bakatim'e verilen emirle KGB 6 Kasım 1991'de resmen kaldırıldı. Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasıyla Rusya'da KGB'nin görevini FSB ve SVR üstlendi. Ancak Belarus'taki gizli servisin adı hâlen KGB'dir.

KGB'nin organizasyonu

Direktörlükler
KGB Birinci Genel Direktörlük Dış istihbarat
KGB İkinci Genel Direktörlük Karşı-istihbarat, iç politik kontrol
KGB Üçüncü Genel Direktörlük Askerî karşı-istihbarat ve silahlı kuvvetler politik izleme
KGB Dördüncü Direktörlük Ulaşım güvenliği
KGB Beşinci Genel Direktörlük Politik, dini, sanatsal sansür ve iç güvenlik,1989'dan sonra anayasayı koruma, "Z Direktörlüğü
KGB Altıncı Direktörlük Ekonomik karşı-istihbarat ve endüstri güvenliği
KGB Yedinci Direktörlük Sovyet vatandaşları ve yabancıları gözetleme
KGB Sekizinci Genel Direktörlük Ulusal, yabancı, deniz aşırı iletişimleri izleme-yönetme, kriptolojik ekipman, araştırma ve geliştirme
KGB Dokuzuncu Direktörlük Koruma servisi
KGB On Beşinci Genel Direktörlük Hükümet tesisleri güvenliği
KGB On Altıncı Direktörlük SIGINT (sinyal istihbaratı) ve iletişim önleme, Ulusal ve hükûmet telefon ve telgraf sistemleri koruma ve izleme
SSCB Sınır Muhafaza Direktörlüğü Sınır güvenliği
Operasyonlar ve Teknoloji Direktörlüğü Kayıt cihazları ve araştırma laboratuvarları, Laboratuvar 12 zehirler ve ilaçlar için

Diğer Birimler

KGB Personel Dairesi
KGB Sekreterliği
KGB Teknik Destek Grubu
KGB Finans Dairesi
KGB Arşivleri
KGB Düzensizleri
KGB Yönetim Dairesi
SBKP Komitesi
KGB Spetsnaz
Alpha
Vympel
Prezidyum için Kremlin Muhafız Gücü

Başkanlarının Listesi

Ayrıca bakınız
 KGB (video oyunu)

Eski Doğu Bloku ülkelerinin gizli servisleri
1954'te Sovyetler Birliği'nde kurulan oluşumlar
Soğuk Savaş'ta Sovyetler Birliği
Doğu Bloku
Sovyetler Birliği'nin dış ilişkileri
1954'te kurulan kamu kurumları
Ulusal güvenlik kuruluşları
Sovyetler Birliği'nde siyasi baskılar
Gizli polis
Sovyetler Birliği istihbarat teşkilatları

KGB


Radio Orašje je regionalna radijska postaja čije je sjedište u Orašju, BiH. Emitira na hrvatskom jeziku na 88 MHz i 105,8 MHz i na internetu.

S emitiranjem započela veljače 1978. U ratnim godinama bila je stožerni dio obrane ovih prostora od velikosrpskog agresora. Hrvatski prefiks izgubio je u miru kao i ostale slične ustanove jer su bošnjačka SDA i federalna ekipa dugo radile na ukidanju tog prefiksa.  Nažalost to je sve tiho prošlo i nitko od posavskih intelektualaca nije digao glas. "Hrvatski radio Orašje" je tako morao postati "Radio Orašje"  po sili nepravednog zakona, naknadno. Postignuto je nametnutim i preglasavajućim putem, kao i ukidanje naziva "županija" na državnoj razini. Privremene financijske probleme mjesni moćnici iz SDA pokušali su iskoristiti situaciju radi izmjene u programu. Osoblje postaje, koje je stručnost dokazalo ratnih godina, bilo je izloženo kritikama nedobronamjernih kritizera iz političkih struktura, koji se nikad u struci nisu dokazali, neki nikad nisu nigdje ni radili, neki bez ikakve stručne spreme i kompetencije za ocjene tuđih radova, a poneki od zlonamjernih kritičara su bili i krivično gonjeni.
Postaja je opstala unatoč svim teškoćama.

Emitira program na rubnom (graničnom) području BiH s Republikom Hrvatskom, te pokriva područje od Brčkog (istočno u BiH), Modriče i Odžaka (zapadno u BiH), Gradačca i Srebrenika (južno u BiH), u Hrvatskoj pokriva područje bivše županjske općine i područje do Đakova i Vukovara, a signal dopire i do Slavonskog Broda u sekundarnoj zoni.

Programsku shemu čine vijesti i glazba, od techna, dancea, rocka i popa, domaćeg i stranog do domaće folk i izvorne glazbe. Određenim danima pušta se tematske emisije. Postaja je informativan medij i jedini je elektronski medij registriran u Orašju. Brojni su zabavni sadržaji. Program se emitira 24 sata dnevno, a radni dan je radnim tjednom od 7, a vikendom od 9.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
 Službene stranice
 Facebook

Radijske postaje na hrvatskom jeziku u Bosni i Hercegovini

Radio Orašje


Dion Dublin (født 22. april 1969) er en engelsk tidligere fodboldspiller og tv-vært. Han er født i Leicester og af nigerianske afstamning, spillede fire gange for Englands fodboldlandshold. Dublin startede sin karriere som en center-back hos Norwich City, men slog sit navn fast hos Cambridge United som angriber. Han spillede også hos andre klubber, såsom Manchester United, Coventry City, Millwall, Aston Villa, Leicester City og Celtic.

Dublin er også en dygtig amatør slagtøjsspiller, og har opfundet et percussion-instrument, der kaldes "The Dube". I 2011 spillede han med Ocean Colour Scene i en koncert på University of East Anglia i Norwich. I 2015, sluttede han sig til at tv-holdet på BBC One-programmet Homes Under the Hammer.

Klubkarriere

Norwich City
Da han gik i skole i Leicestershire, spillede Dublin for flere Leicestershire ungdomshold, herunder Wigston Fields og Thurmaston Magpies. Dublin påbegyndte derefter sin professionelle fodboldkarriere hos Norwich City efter at have forladt skolen i 1985, men han har aldrig sin førsteholdsdebut, og forlod klubben i 1988 på en fri transfer.

Cambridge United
I August 1988 sluttede han sig til Cambridge United på en fri transfer, som er et center-half, der havde været hans position hos Norwich City. Men hans nye klub anerkendte at Dublin havde større potentiale som angriber. Hans produktive målscoring hjalp United til flere på hinanden følgende oprykninger. I 1988-89 sæsonen, blev Dublin så lånt ud i en kort periode til Barnet. I 1989-90-sæsonen rykkede Cambridge op fra den engelske fjerde division via play-offs, da Dublin blev den første målscorer i en Wembley play-off finale.

I sæsonen 1990-91 klubben blev også mestre i den engelske tredje division, og klubben nåde også frem til kvartfinalen i FA Cup i begge sæsoner, hvor Dublin scorede mod Arsenal i 1991. I 1991-92 sæsonen spillede han en stor rolle i at hjælpe Cambridge til deres højeste slutplacering nogensinde i engelsk fodbold, ved at slutte på femtepladsen i den sidste nogensinde sæson af den gamle 2. division, men da Cambridge ikke klare de at rykke op i den bedste række via play-offs, blev Dublin sat til salg. Siden da har han talt med mange gange om sin kærlighed til Cambridge United.

Manchester United
Efter at have set Dublin i en cup-kamp, købte Manchester United-manager Alex Ferguson ham for £1 million den 7. august 1992, i kamp med Chelsea og Everton. Dublin var noget af et overraskelseskøb for United, efter Ferguson havde forsøgt at hente Alan Shearer fra Southampton, men tabte til Blackburn Rovers.

Han scorede i Uniteds fjerde Premier League-kamp i 1992-93 sæsonen, et mål i sidste minut i Uniteds første Premier League-sejr – 1-0 mod Southampton på The Dell. Men den 2. September brækkede han benet mod Crystal Palace i en 1-0-sejr på Old Trafford, efter en tackling af Eric Young. Han var efterfølgende ude af spillet i seks måneder. Da han var klar igen havde United skrevet kontrakt med Eric Cantona og franskmanden var blevet etableret som førstevalg som angrebsmakker til Mark Hughes. United vandt ligaen i denne sæson for første gang siden 1967, men Dublin fik ikke de ti Premier League-optrædener, der kræves for automatisk at få en mesterskabsmedalje. Men han fik en medalje som følge af dispensation fra Premier League.

Coventry City
Dublin blev solgt til Coventry, hvor han spillede i knap 5 år. I denne periode fik han i 1997 sin debut for det engelske landshold. Samme sæson scorede han 23 mål for Coventry i ligaen, hvilket var en tangering af klubrekorden. I maj 1997 reddede en scoring i overtiden mod Liverpool og i den sidste kamp mod Chelsea holdet fra nedrykning. I sæsonen 1997-1998 delte han topscorerværdigheden i Premier League med Chris Sutton og Liverpool's Michael Owen, idet de alle scorede 18 gange. Han er en af 30 spillere i Coventrys hall of fame.

Aston Villa
Dublin blev solgt til Aston Villa for £5.75 million. I december 1999 fik han i en kamp mod Sheffield Wednesday et livstruende brud på halsen.
Bemærkelsesværdigt førte denne skade ikke til karrierens afslutning, idet han efter genoptræning var tilbage på holdet tre måneder senere.

I april 2000, blot en uge efter at være vendt tilbage, var han på holdet, der sikrede klubben sin første FA Cup finale i 43 år, som de dog tabte med 1–0 mod Chelsea, Han var på kontrakt i Aston Villa indtil kontraktudløb i 2004, men var i nogle uger i 2002 udlejet til Millwall.  Da han vendte tilbage, blev han på ny fast mand i Villas angreb.

Leicester City
Han kom i 2004 på fri transfer til Leicester City, som netop var rykket ud af Premier League og skulle spille i Championship. I sæsonen 2005-2006 mistede han pladsen som klubbens foretrukne angriber, men fik i stedet nogle kampe som forsvarsspiller. Efter fælles overenskomst blev kontrakten annulleret den 30. januar 2006, hvorefter han spillede 11 kampe for Celtic , inden han vendte tilbage til Norwich.

Efter fodbold
Efter han stoppede sin aktive karriere har Dublin arbejdet i medierne som et  ekspert hos Sky Sports. Desuden har han været med i Ford Super Sunday med Richard Keys, Dublin har kommenteret en række kampe, herunder UEFA Champions League-kampe med Martin Tyler. Han har også været medlem af panelet på BBC Radio 5 Lives Fighting Talk. Han har også været medvært på programmet 606 på BBC Radio 5 Live, Match of the Day 2, og var også fast på BBC Ones Late Kick Off i den østlige region. Han sluttede sig til Lucy Alexander og Martin Roberts på Homes Under the Hammer i 2015.

Titler
Cambridge United

 Fodbold Liga Tredje Division: 1990-91

Manchester United

 Premier League: 1992-93
 FA Charity Shield: 1994

Celtic

 Skotske Premier League: 2005-06
 Skotske Liga Cup: 2006

Individuel

 Premier League Gyldne Støvle: 1997-98
 Premier League-Spiller af Måned: januar 1998, November 1998
 Coventry City Hall of Fame

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Angribere (fodbold)
Fodboldspillere fra Aston Villa F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Barnet F.C.
Tv-værter fra Storbritannien
Fodboldspillere fra Cambridge United F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Celtic F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Coventry City F.C.
Fodboldlandsholdsspillere fra England
Fodboldspillere fra England
Fodboldspillere fra Leicester City F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Manchester United F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Millwall F.C.
Fodboldspillere fra Norwich City F.C.

Dion Dublin


Teşekkür Ederim Allah'ım, Minik Dualar Grubu albümü. Albümde bulunan eserlerin söz ve besteleri Ertuğrul Erkişi'ye ait olup, müzik Yönetmeni Hakan Aykut'tur. Albümde ney, gitar, grup keman, kanun, ud, klasik kemençe, blok flüt ve balaban gibi bugüne kadar çocuk albümlerinde kullanılmayan birçok enstrüman kullanılmıştır. Minik Dualar Grubu, her biri ayrı okullarda okuyan ve farklı yaşlardaki çocuklardan oluşuyor. Grubu albüme Aslıhan Erkişi hazırladı. Türkiye'de 2006'nın ilk yarısında 285.000 adet satarak yılın ilk yarısının en çok satan üçüncü albümü olmuştur.

Parça listesi
 "Yemek Duası"
 "Teşekkür Ederim Allah'ım (Şükür Duası)"
 "Sevgili Peygamberim"
 "Uyku Duası"
 "Ehl-i Beyt Duası"
 "Tesbihat-1"
 "Anne-Baba Duası"
 "Hasta Duası"
 "Yağmur Duası"
 "Tesbihat-2"

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Minik Dualar

Dini müzik albümleri
Türkçe albümler

Teşekkür Ederim Allah'ım (albüm)


Hysterical Blindness is a 2002 American television drama film directed by Mira Nair and written by Laura Cahill, based on her stage play of the same name. It stars Gena Rowlands, Uma Thurman, Juliette Lewis, and Ben Gazzara. The film premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 16, 2002, and aired on HBO on August 21, 2002. In 2003, Uma Thurman won a Golden Globe Award for her portrayal of Debby Miller. Ben Gazzara and Gena Rowlands also won Best Supporting Actor/Actress awards for their performances as Virginia Miller and Nick Piccolo at the 2003 Emmy Awards. The opening titles by Trollbäck + Company won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Main Title Design in 2003.

Thurman plays an excitable New Jersey woman searching for romance in the 1980s. The San Francisco Chronicle review wrote: "Thurman so commits herself to the role, eyes blazing and body akimbo, that you start to believe that such a creature could exist — an exquisite looking woman so spastic and needy that she repulses regular Joes. Thurman has bent the role to her will."

Plot
In 1987 in Bayonne, New Jersey, Debby Miller has been diagnosed with the condition hysterical blindness in which there are times when her sight fades in and out. The doctor tells her to try to have fun with her friends. She and her best friend Beth go to their favorite bar, Ollie's, and try to find a man and have a drink. Beth flirts with the bartender, and Debby grows angry with her and goes outside where she meets Rick. He wants little to do with her, but she convinces him to escort her to her car. As a 'thank you,' she offers to buy him a drink and tells him that she will be at the same bar tomorrow.

The next day, they see each other at Ollie's, and she asks him to go somewhere else; eventually they are at his house. It is clear that Rick has little interest in Debby, so to move things along, she tells him that she 'gives a great blow job.' Afterward, she thinks she has found love, but Rick is only looking for a one-night stand. Debby goes home.

Her mother Virginia has been dating an older man, Nick, who wants her to move with him to Florida. However, Nick dies from a heart attack. Virginia realizes that until she met Nick, she lived her life, waiting for things to happen to her. In the end, Debby, Beth and Virginia struggle to find stability and agree that all they need is each other.

Cast
Uma Thurman as Debby Miller
Gena Rowlands as Virginia Miller
Juliette Lewis as Beth Toczynski
Ben Gazzara as Nick Piccolo
Justin Chambers as Rick
Jolie Peters as Amber Autumn Toczynski

Critical reception
On review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, Hysterical Blindness has an approval rating of 75% based on 12 critics' reviews.

The film received acclaim for its performances, particularly that of Thurman, Rowlands, Lewis, and Gazzara. Caryn James of The New York Times wrote, "Beneath big hair, tight clothes and thick New Jersey accents, [Thurman and Lewis] bring enormous empathy to their roles in this small-scale, beautifully made character study about two best friends in their 20s." James also praised the direction of Mira Nair, saying she brings to the film "a quality that has been consistent throughout her career: a strong feel for the texture of a life and the people who struggle through it." Chris Gore of Film Threat said Thurman and Lewis "give what can easily be considered career-best performances." In more critical reviews, the plot was criticized as "too thin" and the cast "far superior to the film itself."

Accolades

References

External links
. Wayback Machine. Archived from the original on 2002-10-02.

2002 television films
2002 films
2002 drama films
2000s English-language films
American films based on plays
Blumhouse Productions films
American drama television films
Films directed by Mira Nair
Films scored by Lesley Barber
Films set in 1987
Films set in New Jersey
Films shot in New Jersey
HBO Films films
2002 independent films
2000s female buddy films
2000s American films

Hysterical Blindness (film)


Jarmen (hrvatski nazivi: jarmen, antemis; narodni nazivi: oko volje, prstenak, raman, ramina, rimska kamilica; lat. Anthemis), rod od preko 160 vrsta jednogodišnjeg i dvogodišnjeg raslinja i trajnica iz porodice glavočika (Asteraceae).

Rod je raširen po cijeloj Europi, po zapadu Azije i dijelovima istočne i sjeverne Afrike. Neke vrste uvezene sui po drugim kontinentima. U Hrvatskoj raste poljski jarmen (A. arvensis), ušikasti jarmen (A. chia), smrdljivi jarmen (A. cotula), rutenski jarmen (A. ruthenica),  pustenasti jarmen (A. tomentosa).

Neke vrste još nose ime jarmen ali za njih je ustanovljeno da pripadaju rodu Cota, to su: visoki jarmen, austrijski jarmen, dalmatinski jarmen (C. dalmatica), Triumfettijev jarmen (C. triumfettii), usjevni jarmen (C. segetalis), bojadisarski jarmen (C. tinctoria)

Vrste

 Anthemis aaronsohnii Eig
 Anthemis abrotanifolia (Willd.) Guss.
 Anthemis abylaea (Font Quer & Maire) Oberpr.
 Anthemis aciphylla Boiss.
 Anthemis adonidifolia Kotschy
 Anthemis aeolica Lojac.
 Anthemis aetnensis Schouw
 Anthemis alpestris (Hoffmanns. & Link) R. Fern.
 Anthemis ammanthus Greuter
 Anthemis ammophila Boiss.
 Anthemis anthemiformis (Freyn & Sint.) Grierson
 Anthemis arenicola Boiss.
 Anthemis argyrophylla (Halácsy & Georgiev) Velen.
 Anthemis arvensis L.
 Anthemis atropatana Iranshahr
 Anthemis auriculata Boiss.
 Anthemis austroiranica Rech. fil.
 Anthemis bornmuelleri Stoj. & Acht.
 Anthemis bourgaei Boiss. & Reut.
 Anthemis boveana J. Gay
 Anthemis brachycarpa Eig
 Anthemis brachystephana Bornm. & Gauba
 Anthemis breviradiata Eig
 Anthemis bushehrica Iranshahr
 Anthemis candidissima Willd. ex Spreng.
 Anthemis chia L.
 Anthemis chrysantha Gay
 Anthemis concolor Lojac.
 Anthemis confusa Pomel
 Anthemis cornucopiae Boiss.
 Anthemis corymbulosa Boiss. & Hausskn.
 Anthemis cotula L.
 Anthemis cretica (L.) L.
 Anthemis cuneata Hub.-Mor. & Reese
 Anthemis cupaniana Tod. ex Nyman
 Anthemis cyrenaica Coss.
 Anthemis davisii Yavin
 Anthemis deserti Boiss.
 Anthemis deserticola Krasch. & Popov
 Anthemis dicksoniae Ghafoor
 Anthemis didymaea Mouterde
 Anthemis edumea Eig
 Anthemis ekicii Özbek, H. Duman & Aytac
 Anthemis eliezrae Eig
 Anthemis emasensis Eig
 Anthemis fayedina Zareh
 Anthemis filicaulis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter
 Anthemis fimbriata Boiss.
 Anthemis freitagii Iranshahr
 Anthemis fumariifolia Boiss.
 Anthemis fungosa Boiss. & Hausskn.
 Anthemis funkii (Sch. Bip. ex Willk.) Benedí
 Anthemis gayana Boiss.
 Anthemis gharbensis Oberpr.
 Anthemis gilanica Bornm. & Gauba
 Anthemis gillettii Iranshahr
 Anthemis glaberrima (Rech. fil.) Greuter
 Anthemis glareosa Durand & Barratte
 Anthemis gracilis Iranshahr
 Anthemis hamrinensis Iranshahr
 Anthemis handel-mazzettii Eig
 Anthemis haussknechtii Boiss. & Reut.
 Anthemis hebronica Boiss. & Kotschy
 Anthemis hemistephana Boiss.
 Anthemis hermonis Eig
 Anthemis hirtella C. Winkl.
 Anthemis homalolepis Eig
 Anthemis hyalina DC.
 Anthemis hydruntina E. Groves
 Anthemis indurata Delile
 Anthemis iranica Parsa
 Anthemis ismelia Lojac.
 Anthemis jordanovii Stoj. & Acht.
 Anthemis kandaharica Iranshahr
 Anthemis karacae Güner
 Anthemis kermanica Parsa
 Anthemis kitaibelii Spreng.
 Anthemis kotschyana Boiss.
 Anthemis kruegeriana Pamp.
 Anthemis laconica Franzén
 Anthemis leptophylla Eig
 Anthemis leucanthemifolia Boiss. & C. I. Blanche
 Anthemis leucolepis Eig
 Anthemis lithuanica (DC.) Besser ex Trautv.
 Anthemis lorestanica Iranshahr
 Anthemis macedonica Boiss. & Orph.
 Anthemis macrotis (Rech. fil.) Oberpr. & Vogt
 Anthemis maris-mortui Eig
 Anthemis maritima L.
 Anthemis marocana Batt. & Pit.
 Anthemis mauritiana Maire & Sennen
 Anthemis melampodina Delile
 Anthemis melanacme Boiss. & Hausskn.
 Anthemis melia Biel & Kit Tan
 Anthemis micrantha Boiss. & Hausskn.
 Anthemis microcephala (Schrenk) B. Fedtsch.
 Anthemis microlepis Eig
 Anthemis microsperma Boiss. & Kotschy
 Anthemis mirheydari Iranshahr
 Anthemis moghanica Iranshahr
 Anthemis monilicostata Pomel
 Anthemis muricata (DC.) Guss.
 Anthemis nabataea Eig
 Anthemis odontostephana Boiss.
 Anthemis orbelica Pančić
 Anthemis orientalis (L.) Degen
 Anthemis parlatoreana Raimondo, Bajona, Spadaro & Di Grist.
 Anthemis parnesia Boiss. & Heldr.
 Anthemis parvifolia Eig
 Anthemis patentissima Eig
 Anthemis pauciloba Boiss.
 Anthemis pedunculata Desf.
 Anthemis persica Boiss.
 Anthemis pignattiorum Guarino, Raimondo & Domina
 Anthemis pindicola Heldr. ex Halácsy
 Anthemis plebeia Boiss. & Noë
 Anthemis plutonia Meikle
 Anthemis pseudoabrotanifolia C. Brullo, Brullo & Giusso
 Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss.
 Anthemis pulvinata Brullo, Scelsi & Spamp.
 Anthemis punctata Vahl
 Anthemis pungens Yavin
 Anthemis rascheyana Boiss.
 Anthemis regis-borisii Stoj. & Acht.
 Anthemis retusa Delile
 Anthemis rhodensis Boiss.
 Anthemis rhodocentra Iranshahr
 Anthemis rigida (Sm.) Boiss. & Heldr.
 Anthemis rosea Sm.
 Anthemis rumelica (Velen.) Stoj. & Acht.
 Anthemis ruthenica M. Bieb.
 Anthemis samariensis Turland
 Anthemis scariosa Banks & Sol.
 Anthemis schizostephana Boiss. & Hausskn.
 Anthemis scopulorum Rech. fil.
 Anthemis scrobicularis Yavin
 Anthemis secundiramea Biv.
 Anthemis sheilae Ghafoor & Al-Turki
 Anthemis sibthorpii Griseb.
 Anthemis sintenisii Freyn
 Anthemis spruneri Boiss. & Heldr.
 Anthemis sterilis Steven
 Anthemis stiparum Pomel
 Anthemis susiana Nábelek
 Anthemis taubertii Durand & Barratte
 Anthemis tenuicarpa Eig
 Anthemis tenuisecta Ball
 Anthemis tigreensis J. Gay ex A. Rich.
 Anthemis tomentella Greuter
 Anthemis tomentosa L.
 Anthemis tranzscheliana Fed.
 Anthemis tricolor Boiss.
 Anthemis tricornis Eig
 Anthemis tripolitana Boiss. & C. I. Blanche
 Anthemis tubicina Boiss. & Hausskn.
 Anthemis ubensis Pomel
 Anthemis virescens Velen.
 Anthemis wallii Hub.-Mor. & Reese
 Anthemis werneri Stoj. & Acht.
 Anthemis wettsteiniana Hand.-Mazz.
 Anthemis xylopoda O. Schwarz
 Anthemis yemensis Podlech
 Anthemis zaianica Oberpr.
 Anthemis zoharyana Eig
 Anthemis × adulterina Wallr. ex Hallier
 Anthemis × bollei Asch. ex Nyman

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Anthemidinae

Jarmen


Jean Giraud (; 2 February 1936 – 27 or 28 March 2007) was a French mathematician, a student of Alexander Grothendieck. His research focused on non-abelian cohomology and the theory of topoi. In particular, he authored the book Cohomologie non-abélienne (Springer, 1971) and proved the theorem that bears his name, which gives a characterization of a Grothendieck topos.

From 1969 to 1989, he was a professor at École normale supérieure de Saint-Cloud.

From 1993 to 1994, he was deputy director for research of École normale supérieure de Lyon, where he was made interim director in 1994 and director from 1995 to 2000.

See also
Fibred category

References

External links
 Jean Giraud, 1936– at Library of Congress Authorities – with 4 catalogue records

1936 births
2007 deaths
French mathematicians
University of Paris alumni
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing

Jean Giraud (mathematician)