සිදුවීම්

ක්‍රි.ව. 1600 ට පෙර

 438 - රෝම අධිරාජ්‍යයා, II වන තියෝඩෝසියස් නීති සංග්‍රහය තියඩෝසියානස් ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කළේය.
 590 – II වන කොස්‍රෝ පර්සියාවේ රජු ලෙස කිරුළු පළඳින ලද්දේය.
 706 – බයිසැන්තියානු අධිරාජ්‍යයා වූ II වන ජස්ටිනියන් ඔහුගේ පූර්වගාමීන් වූ ලියොන්ටියෝස් සහ III වන ටයිබීරියස් කොන්ස්තන්තිනෝපල් හි හිපොඩ්‍රෝමයේදී ප්‍රසිද්ධියේ මරා දමන ලදී.
 1002 - ලොම්බාර්ඩ් වංශවතුන්ගේ පාවියා හි පැවති රැස්වීමකදී, අයිව්‍රියාහි ආර්ඩුයින් ඔහුගේ වසම් වෙත ප්‍රතිෂ්ඨාපනය කර ඉතාලියේ රජු ලෙස කිරුළු පළඳවනු ලැබීය.
 1113 – දෙවන පැස්චල් පාප්තුමා විසින් Pie Postulatio Voluntatis නිකුත් කරන ලද අතර, එය රෝහල්වල අනුපිළිවෙල පිළිගනී.
 1214 – ඇන්ග්ලෝ-ප්‍රංශ යුද්ධය අතරතුර (1213–1214), එංගලන්තයේ රජු වන ජෝන් විසින් මෙහෙයවන ලද ඉංග්‍රීසි ආක්‍රමණික හමුදාවක් ප්‍රංශයේ ලා රොෂෙල් වෙත ගොඩ බැස්සේය.
 1493 – නිනා නෞකාවේ සිටියදී, ක්‍රිස්ටෝපර් කොලම්බස් ඔහුගේ සොයාගැනීම් සහ නව ලොවේදී හමු වූ අනපේක්ෂිත අයිතම විස්තර කරමින් විවෘත ලිපියක් (ඔහු නැවත පෘතුගාලයට පැමිණි පසු පුළුල් ලෙස බෙදා හරින ලදී) ලිවීය.

ක්‍රි.ව. 1601 ත් 1900 ත් අතර

 1637 - III වන ෆර්ඩිනන්ඩ් ශුද්ධ රෝම අධිරාජ්‍යයා බවට පත් විය.
 1690 - කොන්ස්ටන්ටින් කැන්ටෙමීර්, මෝල්ඩේවියාවේ කුමරු සහ ශුද්ධ වූ රෝම අධිරාජ්‍යය සිබියු හි රහසිගත ගිවිසුමක් අත්සන් කරන ලද අතර, ඔටෝමාන් අධිරාජ්‍යයට එරෙහිව හැබ්ස්බර්ග් මන්දිරය විසින් මෙහෙයවන ක්‍රියාමාර්ගවලට මෝල්ඩේවියාව සහාය දෙන බව නියම කළේය.
 1764 - ශාන්ත ලුවී නගරය ස්පාඤ්ඤ ලුසියානාවේ (දැන් ඇමරිකා එක්සත් ජනපදයේ මිසූරි හි) පිහිටුවන ලදී.
 1798 - නැපෝලියන්ගේ ජෙනරාල්වරයෙකු වූ ලුවී-ඇලෙක්සැන්ඩර් බර්තියර් දින පහකට පෙර රෝම නගරය ආක්‍රමණය කිරීමෙන් පසු රෝම ජනරජය ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කරන ලදී.
 1835 - සර්බියාවේ Sretenje ව්‍යවස්ථාව කෙටියෙන් බලාත්මක විය.
 1862 - ඇමරිකානු සිවිල් යුද්ධය: බ්‍රිග් විසින් අණ දෙන ලද කොන්ෆෙඩරේට්. ජෙනරල් ජෝන් බී. ෆ්ලොයිඩ්, ටෙනසිහි ඩොනල්සන් කොටුව වටලා සිටින ජෙනරාල් යුලිසස් එස්. ග්‍රාන්ට්ගේ සංගමයේ හමුදාවන්ට පහර දෙයි. බලකොටුව වටලෑම බිඳ දැමීමට නොහැකි වූ අතර, කොන්ෆෙඩරේට්ස් ඊළඟ දිනයේ යටත් වේ.
 1870 - ස්ටීවන්ස් තාක්ෂණ ආයතනය එක්සත් ජනපදයේ නිව් ජර්සි හි ආරම්භ කරන ලද අතර යාන්ත්‍රික ඉංජිනේරු විද්‍යාව පිළිබඳ ප්‍රථම ඉංජිනේරු උපාධිය පිරිනමයි.
 1879 – කාන්තා අයිතිවාසිකම්: එක්සත් ජනපද ජනාධිපති රදර්ෆර්ඩ් බී. හේස්, එක්සත් ජනපදයේ ශ්‍රේෂ්ඨාධිකරණය හමුවේ නඩු වාද කිරීමට කාන්තා නීතීඥයින්ට අවසර දෙන පනත් කෙටුම්පතකට අත්සන් තැබීය.
 1898 - යුඑස්එස් මේන් යුධ නෞකාව කියුබාවේ හවානා වරායේදී පුපුරා ගොස් ගිලී යාමෙන් නෞකාවේ කාර්ය මණ්ඩලය 354 දෙනෙකුගෙන් 274 ක් පමණ මිය ගියේය. මෙම ව්‍යසනය ස්පාඤ්ඤයට එරෙහිව යුද්ධ ප්‍රකාශ කිරීමට එක්සත් ජනපදය තල්ලු කරයි.
 1899 - රුසියාවේ II වන සාර් නිකලස් විසින් පෙබරවාරි ප්‍රකාශනය ලෙස හැඳින්වෙන ප්‍රකාශයක් නිකුත් කරන ලද අතර එය ෆින්ලන්තයේ ග්‍රෑන්ඩ් ආදිපාදවරයාගේ ස්වාධිපත්‍යය අඩු කරන අතර එමඟින් පීඩාවේ පළමු කාල පරිච්ඡේදය ආරම්භ විය.

ක්‍රි.ව. 1901 ට පසු

 1909 - මෙක්සිකෝවේ ඇකපුල්කෝ හි ෆ්ලෝරස් රඟහල ගින්නෙන් 250 ක් මිය ගියේය.
 1923 - ග්‍රීසිය ග්‍රෙගෝරියානු දින දර්ශනය අනුගමනය කළ අවසන් යුරෝපීය රට බවට පත් විය.
 1925 - 1925 සෙරුමය නෝම් වෙත දිව යයි: සෙරුමයේ දෙවන බෙදා හැරීම ඇලස්කාවේ නෝම් වෙත පැමිණේ.
 1933 - මියාමි හිදී, ගුසෙප් සංගාරා එක්සත් ජනපද ජනාධිපති ලෙස තේරී පත් වූ ෆ්‍රෑන්ක්ලින් ඩී. රූස්වෙල්ට් ඝාතනය කිරීමට උත්සාහ කරයි, නමුත් ඒ වෙනුවට චිකාගෝ නගරාධිපති ඇන්ටන් ජේ සර්මාක් හට වෙඩි තබා මාර්තු 6 වන දින ඔහුගේ තුවාල වලින් මිය ගියේය.
 1942 - දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය: සිංගප්පූරුවේ වැටීම. ජපන් හමුදාවන්ගේ ප්‍රහාරයකින් පසු බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ජෙනරාල් ආතර් පර්සිවල් යටත් විය. ඉන්දියානු, එක්සත් රාජධානිය සහ ඕස්ට්‍රේලියානු සොල්දාදුවන් 80,000ක් පමණ යුද සිරකරුවන් බවට පත්වන අතර එය ඉතිහාසයේ බ්‍රිතාන්‍ය ප්‍රමුඛ හමුදා නිලධාරීන්ගේ විශාලතම යටත් වීම වේ.
 1944 - දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය: ඉතාලියේ මොන්ටේ කැසිනෝ වෙත ප්‍රහාරය ආරම්භ විය.
 1944 - දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය: නර්වා ප්‍රහාරය ආරම්භ විය.
 1945 - දෙවන ලෝක යුද්ධය: ඩ්‍රෙස්ඩන් හි බෝම්බ හෙලීමේ තුන්වන දිනය.
 1946 - ENIAC, පළමු ඉලෙක්ට්‍රොනික පොදු කාර්ය පරිගණකය, ෆිලඩෙල්ෆියා හි පෙන්සිල්වේනියා විශ්ව විද්‍යාලයේ විධිමත් ලෙස කැප කරන ලදී.
 1949 - ජෙරල්ඩ් ලංකේස්ටර් හාඩින් සහ රෝලන්ඩ් ඩි වෝක්ස් විසින් කුම්රාන්ගුහාවේ 1 ගුහාවේ කැණීම් ආරම්භ කරන ලද අතර එහිදී ඔවුන් අවසානයේ පළමු මළ මුහුදේ ලියවිලි හත සොයා ගනු ඇත.
 1952 - එක්සත් රාජධානියේ හයවන ජෝර්ජ් රජු වින්ඩ්සර් කාසල් හි ශාන්ත ජෝර්ජ් දේවස්ථානයේ තැන්පත් කරන ලදී.
 1954 - කැනඩාවේ සහ ඇලස්කාවේ ඈත උතුරු ආක්ටික් ප්‍රදේශවල රේඩාර් මධ්‍යස්ථාන පද්ධතියක් වන දුරස්ථ පූර්ව අනතුරු ඇඟවීමේ රේඛාව ඉදිකිරීමට කැනඩාව සහ එක්සත් ජනපදය එකඟ විය.
 1961 - සබේනා ෆ්ලයිට් 548 බෙල්ජියමේ කඩා වැටීමෙන් සමස්ත එක්සත් ජනපදයේ ෆිගර් ස්කේටිං කණ්ඩායම සහ ඔවුන්ගේ පුහුණුකරුවන් සහ පවුලේ සාමාජිකයින් කිහිප දෙනෙකු ඇතුළු 73 දෙනෙකු මිය ගියේය.
 1965 - පැරණි කැනේඩියානු රතු එන්සයින් බැනරය වෙනුවට නව රතු-සුදු මේපල් කොළ මෝස්තරයක් කැනඩාවේ ධජය ලෙස සම්මත කරන ලදී.
 1971 - එක්සත් රාජධානියේ සහ අයර්ලන්තයේ මුදල් දශමීකරණය දශම දිනයේදී සම්පූර්ණ කරන ලදී.
 1972 - ශබ්ද පටිගත කිරීම් සඳහා පළමු වරට එක්සත් ජනපද ෆෙඩරල් ප්‍රකාශන හිමිකම් ආරක්ෂාව ලබා දෙන ලදී.
 1972 - පස්වන වරටත් ඉක්වදෝරයේ ජනාධිපති ලෙස සේවය කරන හොසේ මරියා වෙලස්කෝ ඉබාරා සිව්වන වරටත් හමුදාව විසින් බලයෙන් පහ කරන ලදී.
 1982 - නිව්ෆවුන්ඩ්ලන්ඩ් වෙරළට ඔබ්බෙන් වූ කුණාටුවකදී ඕෂන් රේන්ජර් විදුම් යන්ත්‍රය ගිලී කම්කරුවන් 84 දෙනෙකු මිය ගියේය.
 1989 - සෝවියට්-ඇෆ්ගන් යුද්ධය: සෝවියට් සංගමය සිය සියලු හමුදා ඇෆ්ගනිස්ථානය හැර ගිය බව නිල වශයෙන් නිවේදනය කළේය.
 1991 - නිදහස් වෙලඳපොල පද්ධති වෙත ගමන් කිරීම සඳහා සහයෝගීතාව ස්ථාපිත කරන Visegrád සමූහය, චෙකොස්ලොවැකියාව, හංගේරියාව සහ පෝලන්තයේ නායකයින් විසින් අත්සන් කරන ලදී.
 1992 - අනුක්‍රමික ඝාතක ජෙෆ්රි ඩහ්මර්ට මිල්වෞකි හිදී ජීවිතාන්තය දක්වා සිරදඬුවම් 15ක් නියම විය.
 1992 - එයාර් ට්‍රාන්ස්පෝට් ඉන්ටර්නැෂනල් ෆ්ලයිට් 805 ඔහියෝ හි ස්වන්ටන් හි ටොලෙඩෝ එක්ස්ප්‍රස් ගුවන්තොටුපළ අසල කඩා වැටීමෙන් යානයේ සිටි සිව්දෙනාම මිය ගියේය.
 1996 - චීනයේ ෂිචැං චන්ද්‍රිකා දියත් කිරීමේ මධ්‍යස්ථානයේදී, ඉන්ටෙල්සැට් 708 රැගත් ලෝන්ග් මාර්ච් 3බී රොකට්ටුවක් මාර්ගයෙන් ඉවතට පැන ග්‍රාමීය ගමකට කඩා වැටී මිනිසුන් හයත් 100ත් අතර කොතැනක හෝ මිය ගියේය.
 1996 - නොවැම්බර් 17 වන දින විප්ලවවාදී සංවිධානය විසින් දියත් කරන ලද ටැංකි නාශක රොකට්ටුවකින් ඇතැන්ස් හි එක්සත් ජනපද තානාපති කාර්යාලයට ප්‍රහාරයක් එල්ල විය.
 2001 - සම්පූර්ණ මානව ජෙනෝමයේ පළමු කෙටුම්පත Nature හි ප්‍රකාශයට පත් කරන ලදී.
 2003 - ඉරාක යුද්ධයට එරෙහි විරෝධතා ලොව පුරා නගර 600කට අධික සංඛ්‍යාවක සිදු විය. මිලියන 8ත් 30ත් අතර ජනතාවක් සහභාගී වන බව ගණන් බලා ඇති අතර, මෙය ඉතිහාසයේ විශාලතම සාම පෙළපාලිය බවට පත් වේ.
 2010 - බෙල්ජියමේ හැලේ හි හැලේ දුම්රියේ ගැටීමෙන් දුම්රිය දෙකක් එකිනෙක ගැටීමෙන් 19 දෙනෙකු මිය ගොස් 171 දෙනෙකු තුවාල ලැබීය.
 2012 - කොමයාගුවා නගරයේ හොන්ඩුරාන් බන්ධනාගාරයක ඇති වූ ගින්නකින් තුන්සිය හැට දෙනෙකු මිය ගියේය.
 2013 - රුසියාවට ඉහළින් උල්කාපාතයක් පුපුරා යාමෙන් කම්පන තරංගයක් ජනේල සහ ගොඩනැගිලිවලින් පිටතට හමා යාමෙන් 1,500 දෙනෙකුට තුවාල සිදුවිය. මෙය අනපේක්ෂිත ලෙස සිදු වන්නේ 2012 DA14 ග්‍රහකයේ විශාල හා සම්බන්ධ නොවන ග්‍රහකයේ අපේක්ෂිත ආසන්නතම ප්‍රවේශයට පැය කිහිපයකට පෙරය.
 2021 - කොංගෝ ප්‍රජාතන්ත්‍රවාදී ජනරජයේ මයි-නොම්බේ පළාතේ ලෝන්ගෝලා එකෝටි ගම්මානය අසල කොංගෝ ගඟේ බෝට්ටුවක් ගිලී යාමෙන් හැට දෙනෙකු දියේ ගිලී සිය ගණනක් අතුරුදහන් විය.

උපත්

ක්‍රි.ව. 1600 ට පෙර

ක්‍රි.ව. 1601 ත් 1900 ත් අතර

ක්‍රි.ව. 1901 ට පසු

විපත්

ක්‍රි.ව. 1600 ට පෙර

ක්‍රි.ව. 1601 ත් 1900 ත් අතර

ක්‍රි.ව. 1901 ට පසු

යොමු කිරීම්
පෙබරවාරි
ග්‍රෙගරි දිනදසුනේ දින
අවුරුද්දේ දින

පෙබරවාරි 15


Vilim Lovrenčić stariji, hrvatski poduzetnik. 19. stoljeća kupio vrelo Jamnicu, modernizirao punionicu i organizirao prodaju. Dao je izgraditi na Medvednici 1870. prvu planinarsku piramidu (vidikovac) te na taj način sudjelovao u razvoju planinarstva i turizma u Zagrebu. Otac pionira automobilističkog športa Miroslava i Vilima. Miroslav je također bio prvak Hrvatske i Slavonije u sanjkanju. Unuci Tibor, Melita Lovrenčić i Ana bili su pioniri hazene odnosno rukometa u Hrvatskoj. Praunuk Zorislav Makek bio je višestruki prvak u veslanju te ugledni atletski sudac.

Izvori

Životopisi, Zagreb
Hrvatski poduzetnici

Vilim Lovrenčić (stariji)


محطة سكة حديد ستادلهوفين (Bahnhof Zürich Stadelhofen) (م410) واحدة من عشر محطات قطار في مدينة زيوريخ السويسرية. تقع بجوار محطة السكك الحديدية الرئيسية في محور مهم من زيوريخ . وفي الوقت نفسه، محطة تحويل الترام للمدن تعمل 365 يوما في السنة.

بناء المحطة قائم منذ عام 1894 والبيئة المحيطة أعيد بنائها بالكامل بنمط حديث يجمع بين الأصالة والمعاصرة.

معرض صور

مراجع

وصلات خارجية
 La stazione Stadelhofen di S. Calatrava-محطة Stadelhofen تصميم س. كالاترافا

كالاترافا
محطات السكك الحديدية في زيورخ
محطات سكك الحديد في سويسرا
ممتلكات ثقافية ذات أهمية وطنية في كانتون زيورخ
هوكشولن
محطات السكك الحديدية في سويسرا افتتحت في 1894

محطة سكة حديد ستادلهوفين


Morten Bergeton Iversen (n. 19 noiembrie 1974, Oslo, Norvegia), mai cunoscut sub numele de scenă Teloch, este un chitarist norvegian de black metal, cunoscut ca fiind un chitarist live pentru trupele Gorgoroth, God Seed și 1349. În prezent, el este chitaristul trupei, Mayhem.

Biografie
Teloch și-a început cariera muzicală la începutul anilor '90 într-o trupă de punk numită Dødsdømt și o trupă de thrash / death metal numită, Legions from Horten (Vestfold). A fondat Nidingr în anul 1996. În același an au înregistrat primul lor show demo și în anul 1999, al doilea demo.

În anul 2004, s-a alăturat trupei Orcustus.

În anul 2005, Nidingr a publicat primul lor album de studio, "Sorrow Infinite and Darkness".

În anul 2006, s-a alăturat trupei 1349 ca chitarist live.

În anul următor, a plecat din 1349 și a fost contractat ca chitarist de către formația Gorgoroth, care în acel moment a fost împărțită în două grupe. Confruntându-se cu imposibilitatea lui King Hell și a lui Gaahl de a lucra sub numele de Gorgoroth, ei au fost forțați să schimbe numele lui God Seed (în martie 2009), încă bazându-se pe ajutorul lui Teloch ca muzician al sesiunii.

În august 2009, vocalistul Gaahl, și-a anunțat retragerea din black metal, punând capăt scurtei existențe a trupei.

Nidingr a lansat al doilea album, "Wolf-Father", în anul 2010. Iversen a fost un chitarist invitat în proiectul francez al lui Igorrr și albumul "Hallelujah" (2012). În același an, Nidingr și-a lansat al treilea album numit, "Greatest of Deceivers".

În 2015, Teloch a scris muzică pentru o producție a piesei de teatru, Mor Courage og barna hennar la Teatrul norvegian.

Teloch este membru al trupei Mayhem din anul 2011 și a scris aproape întregul album Esoteric Warfare pe cont propriu. Nidingr a lansat al patrulea album, The High Heat Licks Against Heaven, în anul 2017.

Discografie

Cu Orcustus

 Wrathrash (EP) (2005)
 Orcustus (2009)

Cu Nidingr

(1996 - prezent)

 Sorrow Infinite and Darkness (2005)
 Wolf-Father (2010)
 Greatest of Deceivers (2012)
 The High Heat Licks Against Heaven (2017)
 Rehearsal 1996 (Demo) (1996)
 Demo '99 (Demo) (1999)

Cu Mayhem

(2011 - prezent)

 Esoteric Warfare (2014)
 De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas Alive (2016)
 Psywar (Single) (2014)
 Live in Guatemala City (Album live) (2017)

Referințe

Oameni în viață
Nașteri pe 19 noiembrie
Nașteri în 1974
Muzicieni norvegieni
Muzicieni black metal

Morten Bergeton Iversen


خالد عبد القادر عودة (1944 - )، هو أستاذ الطبقات والحفريات قسم الجيولوجيا بكلية العلوم، جامعة أسيوط، نائب رئيس الفريق الدولي ورئيس الفريق البحثي المصري لمشروع القطاع الدولي العياري للباليوسين - الأيوسين. وهو أحد أعلام دعوة الاخوان المسلمين في مصر. وكان أحد الأعضاء المعينين في مجلس الشورى المصري في يناير 2013.

قام بتأليف موسوعة «التشريع المالي الإسلامي» وقام بتأليف كتاب المشروع في السياسة والحكم وله العديد من المقالات العلمية والاقتصادية والسياسية والإسلامية

كان أحد المحالين إلى المحاكمة العسكرية من قيادات الإخوان المسلمين بمصر ديسمبر عام 2006 لكنه حصل على البراءة من المحاكم العسكرية الاستثنائية أيضا في 16 أبريل 2008

حياته العلمية
 أستاذ الطبقات والحفريات بقسم الجيولوجيا - كلية العلوم - جامعة أسيوط
 نائب رئيس الفريق الدولي ورئيس الفريق البحثي المصري لمشروع القطاع الدولي العياري للباليوسين - الأيوسين
 تخرج في كلية العلوم – جامعة أسيوط حاصلا على بكالوريوس الدرجة الخاصة في الجيولوجيا عام 1964 بتقدير عام امتياز
 عمل معيداً بقسم الجيولوجيا وحصل على درجة الماجستير في الجيولوجيا عام 1968
 حصل على درجة دكتوراه الفلسفة في الطبقات والحفريات عام 1971
 عُيِّن مدرسا بقسم الجيولوجيا بجامعة أسيوط في مايو 1971
 عُيِّن أستاذاً مساعداً بقسم الجيولوجيا بجامعة وهران بالجزائر في سبتمبر 1974
 عُيِّن أستاذاً مساعداً بقسم الجيولوجيا بجامعة أسيوط في 1978
 عُيِّن أستاذاً بقسم الجيولوجيا بجامعة أسيوط عام 1998
 عضو الجمعية الجيولوجية المصرية
 عضو الجمعية الجيولوجية الأفريقية
 عضو الجمعية المصرية للحفريات
 عضو الجمعية الدولية للإستراتجرافيا
 عضو المشروع الدولي للحفريات الدقيقة
 نائب رئيس الفريق الدولي للباليوسين – الإيوسين المنبثق من اللجنة الدولية لعلوم الأرض
 عضو الفريق الدولي للإيوسين المبكر-الإيوسين المتوسط المنبثق من اللجنة الدولية لعلوم الأرض
 رئيس الفريق الجيولوجي المصري في المشروعات العلمية الدولية المشتركة في جنوب مصر
 الباحث الرئيسي المصري للمشروع العلمي الأمريكي – المصري المشترك على جيولوجية جنوب وادي النيل
 الباحث المصري الرئيسي للفريق المصري – الدولي المشكل من جامعات أمريكا وأروبا وأسيوط عام 2005 لحماية آثار وادى الملوك غرب الأقصر تحت رعاية الهيئة المصرية العامة للآثار
 ممثل مصر في اللجنة الدولية لتطوير علم الطبقات التأريخي
 ممثل مصر في اللجنة الدولية لنشر علوم الحفريات الدقيقة
 له 39 بحثا منشورا في الدوريات الأجنبية (34 بحث) والمحلية (5 بحوث) حتى عام 2007
 له كتاب منشور صادر من مؤسسة الميكروباليونتولوجى بالمتحف الأميركي للعلوم الطبيعية بعنوان «دراسات استراتجرافية على الباليوسين – الإيوسين بجنوب مصر»، الجزء الأول، وجاري إعداد الجزء الثاني
 أشرف على 11 رسالة للدكتوراه (5 رسائل) والماجستير (6 رسائل) حتى عام 2007
 ألقى بحوثا أو محاضرات عامة أو ملصقات في أكثر من 25 مؤتمرا دوليا ومحليا منها مؤتمرين دوليين تحت رئاسته
 قام بإنشاء المتحف الجيولوجي بقسم الجيولوجيا بمدينة قنا بمجهود فردي عام 1973 ونال شهادة تقدير من الجامعة عن هذا المجهود
 يشرف على المتحف الجيولوجي بجامعة أسيوط منذ عام 1978 إلى الآن
 عضو باللجنة المشكلة بقسم الجيولوجيا بكلية العلوم - جامعة أسيوط المُناط بها وضع خطط تطوير مناهج الجيولوجيا
 يعد من أهم العلماء المصريين العاملين حاليا على تقديم الحلول العلمية والاقتصادية لظاهرة الاحتباس الحراري وتأثير التغيرات المناخية على دلتا نهر النيل والسواحل الشمالية لجمهورية مصر العربية
 تم اختياره في الاستفتاء الرسمي جريدة نهضة مصر كأحد أفضل سبعة علماء لعام 2007 على مستوى جمهورية مصر العربية

من أهم إنجازاته العلمية
 اكتشاف رواسب البليوسين (Pliocene) البحرية لأول مرة بمصر عام 1968
 اكتشاف رواسب الأوليجوسين المتأخر (الطابق الشاتي Chattian) البحرية بشمال الصحراء الغربية عام 1972
 اكتشاف جنس جلوبيجيرينانس (Globigerinanus) الهائم بأنواعه المختلفة في طبقات الميوسين المبكر بخليج السويس عام 1978 وقد تم إدراج الجنس بأنواعه المختلفة في الكتالوجات العالمية الأمريكية والألمانية واليابانية
 اكتشاف التتابع الرسوبي النموذجي الدولي (GSSP) الذي أقره الاتحاد الدولي للعلوم الجيولوجية كمقياس دولي للحد الفاصل بين الباليوسين والإيوسين وذلك بقرية الدبابية جنوب الأقصر
 قام المتحف الأمريكي للعلوم الطبيعية بنشر مجلد خاص يضم الجزء الأول من البحوث التي أجراها مع الفريق الدولي بجنوب مصر في يوليو 2003 وأثمرت عن اكتشاف التتابع العياري الدولي بجنوب مصر و جاري حاليا نشر الجزء الثاني. ونال شهادة تقدير خاصة من اللجنة الدولية لإستراتجرافيا الباليوجين ومن وزير التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي بمصر
 تم تكريمه دولياً في المؤتمر الدولي الخامس للمناخ والحياة في الباليوجين المبكر المنعقد بمدينة الأقصر في فبراير 2004
 كرّمته الجمعية الجيولوجية المصرية في مؤتمرها السنوي العام 2005 بمنحه درع الجمعية الجيولوجية تقديراً لما قدمه من أعمال جليلة لعلم الجيولوجيا والجيولوجيين في مجال علم الطبقات
 كرّمته الجمعية المصرية للحفريات في مؤتمرها عام 2006 ومنحته درع الجمعية تقديرا له وتكريما لعطائه العلمي المتميز
 حصل على درع كلية العلوم أعوام 2004 و 2005 و 2006، ودرع جامعة أسيوط، ودرع محافظة أسيوط، ودرع النقابة العامة للمهن العلمية، وتم تكريمة بالنقابة العامة لأطباء مصر ومنحه درعها، وكذلك حصل على العديد من شهادات التكريم والتقدير من عدد من رؤساء جامعة أسيوط لعطائه العلمي
 شارك في كثير من المشروعات التطبيقية التي قام مكتب الاستشارات الجيولوجية بكلية العلوم جامعة أسيوط بتنفيذها بغرض التنمية وخدمة البيئة وهي على النحو التالي:

 مشروع سكر 16 وامتداده لاستكشاف المياه التحت سطحية لري مزرعو الشركة شرق كوم أمبو لحساب شركة السكر المصرية - شارك فيه كعضو أساسي في الفريق البحثي وكان دوره دراسة طباقية الصخور التحت سطحية
 مشروع استكشاف الخزان المائي الجوفي وتصنيف التربة بالوادي السيوطي لحساب وزارة التعاون الدولي المصرية - شارك فيه كعضو معاون في الفريق البحثي وكان دوره دراسة طباقية الصخور السطحية على جانبي الوادي
 مشروع استكشاف مصادر المياه الجوفية بوادي قنا - لحساب وزارة التعاون الدولي المصرية - شارك فيه كعضو أساسي في الفريق البحثي - وكان دوره دراسة طباقية الصخور الرسوبية السطحية والتحت سطحية
 مشروع استكشاف الخزان المائي الجوفي وتصنيف التربة بوادي النقرة لحساب وزارة التعاون الدولي المصرية - شارك فيه كعضو أساسي في الفريق البحثي - وكان دوره دراسة طباقية الصخور الرسوبية السطحية والتحت سطحية
 مشروع دراسات جيولوجية وجيوفيزيائية لتحديد صلاحية موقع التجمع العمراني الجديد - الوادي الأسيوطي بجمهورية مصر العربية - شارك فيه كعضو معاون في الفريق البحثي وكان دوره دراسة طباقية الصخور التحت سطحية
 مشروع دراسات جيولوجية وجيوفيزيائية وهيدروجيولوجية لاستكشاف مصادر المياه الجوفية بمزرعة شركة إسمنت أسيوط لحساب شركة إسمنت أسيوط المصرية - وشارك فيها كعضو أساسي وكان دوره هو دراسة طباقية الصخور التحت سطحية
 مشروع إنتاج خرائط مساحية لموقع التجمع العمراني الجديد بالوادي الأسيوطي لحساب وزارة التعاون الدولي المصرية - شارك فيه كعضو معاون

وصلات خارجية
 6 وجوه شهيرة في قضية الإخوان - الشاطر وندا ومالك وبشر وسعودي وعودة - شبكة إسلام أون لاين
 إخوانى في السجن= فضيحة لمصر، اليوم السابع، 22 ديسمبر 2010
 خالد عبد القادر عودة سيرة ذاتية من موقع إخوان أون لاين.

أساتذة جامعة أسيوط
أشخاص على قيد الحياة
إخوان مسلمون مصريون
جيولوجيون مصريون
خريجو جامعة أسيوط
دعاة مصريون
سياسيون إسلاميون
مواليد 1363 هـ
مواليد 1944

خالد عودة


Severin Theodor Emilius Sørensen (né le 26 février 1825 à Copenhague - 5 mai 1867 au même endroit) est un architecte danois qui, entre autres, a construit la Skt. Johannes Kirke. Theodor Sørensen est à l'origine des terrains d'aventure.Il est le père de Thorvald Sørensen, également architecte.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance à Copenhague
Décès à Copenhague
Architecte danois du XIXe siècle

Theodor Sørensen


Igor Block (n. 18 septembrie 1918, Sociteni, județul Lăpușna, Basarabia – d. 4 februarie 1988, București, România) a fost un poet și traducător român.

Și-a început activitatea colaborând la revista de "direcție literară, artistică și culturală" Cuget Clar,
condusă de Nicolae Iorga.

Igor Block a tradus mai multe lucrări din limba rusă, cum ar fi Ogorul mamei (1965) de Cinghiz Aitmatov, Țara norilor purpurii, Întoarcerea - Amiaza veacului al XXII-lea (1964, de Arkadi și Boris Strugațki), Kumbi,  Pelerinul și timpul (1966, de Ghenadi Gor), Ultima orbită (1967, de Vladimir Șitik), Legendele căpitanilor stelari (1962, de G. Altov), Formula nemuririi (1967, diverși autori)., Galoșul (1968, de Mihail Zoșcenko).

A publicat volumele de versuri Poeme (1940), Calea
cu Spini (1941) și alte poezii cuprinse într-un volum colectiv de versuri, intitulat Dragostea
văzută de poeți (1939).

Biografie

Igor Block, fratele mai mare al poetului Mircea Block, s-a născut într-o familie de intelectuali
români. Tatăl său, Heinrich BLOCK (1890-1956), a fost un cunoscut scriitor, traducător și
publicist român de etnie germană. Heinrich Block s-a născut în 1890, în localitatea Heilbronn
(populată cu etnici germani) din Crimeea. Mama sa, Maria Block (Frunză) a fost cântăreață de
muzică populară. Maria Block s-a născut la Chișinău în 1892. În 1919, familia Block s-a
mutat la București. Igor Block a absolvit Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București.

Pe cei doi frați – Igor Block și Mircea Block – i-a legat o prietenie strânsă, își împărtășeau de
fiecare dată tot ce ținea de creațiile lor literare.

Igor Block a debutat în 1939, la vârsta de 21 de ani, cu poeme publicate în volumul comun de
versuri intitulat Dragostea văzută de poeți. A urmat placheta de versuri Calea cu spini – poem
pentru țara pierdută, publicată la București în primăvara lui 1941, la un an de la dureroasa retragere a românilor din stânga Prutului, care au fost siliți să-și părăsească vatra strămoșească
în urma ultimatumului dat României pe 26 iunie 1940 de către Uniunea Sovietică.
Poeziile incluse în acest volum nu au titluri, fiind numerotate cu cifre romane. Poezia a VII-a
glăsuiește: Dece fug oamenii? Dece?/ Au, țara lor acuma care e?/ Spre care țărmuri îi alungă
soarta/ Și cine oare le-o deschide poarta?/ Dece fug oamenii pe drumul/ Pe care înserarea
nu-și mai așterne fumul, -/ Pe drumul pribegiilor din veac, / Cu sufletul de năzuinți sărac?/ Îl
cheamă oare zarea cenușie?/ Și încotro se 'ndreaptă, cine știe?/ Unde-o să-și facă osteniți
popasul/ Când nopții calde o să-i bată ceasul?/ Și ce rămîne 'n urma lor? Rămîne/ Versul
baladelor bătrîne,/ Rămîn sub zări aducerile-aminte, / Și toate crucile de pe morminte.../
Dece fug oamenii pe drumul/ Pe care înserarea nu-și mai așterne fumul?/ Au, țara lor acuma
care e?/ Dece fug oamenii? Dece?

Familia Block era în bune relații de prietenie cu Pan Halippa, Președintele Sfatului Țării de la
Chișinău. Poetul Igor Block i-a oferit volumul său Calea cu spini, cu următorul autograf: "D.
Sale D.lui Pan Halippa, cu sincere sentimente basarabene, omagiul autorului. Igor Block. 6 august 1941.

Igor Block a scris un volum de poezie umoristică pe care l-a intitulat Romanițe și ciulini. În
timpul vieții a depus eforturi ca să îl publice, dar nu a reușit. Înainte să treacă la cele veșnice,
Igor Block a vizitat-o pe fosta sa cumnată și prietenă Angela Moldovan. I-a vorbit despre
insuccesul său de a publica volumul și i-a lăsat acesteia manuscrisul, cu rugămintea să-l
citească. Manuscrisul a rămas la Angela Moldovan, care i l-a dat, la rândul ei, autoarei cărții
Angela Moldovan – Privighetoarea României (2020, Iași). Manuscrisul nu a văzut încă
lumina tiparului, dar se poate da curs citirii a două dintre poeziile sale.

Prima poezie este intitulată MOMENT LITERAR: Și-a contenit oftatul saxofonul, / Chitara c-
un suspin a amuțit, / Și-à contre-coeur s-a sufocat trombonul/ În cruntul bateriei răpăit. /
Perechile docile "ies din horă" - / Un intermediu poate arbitrar - / Cedînd cu dărnicie-un
sfert de oră/ Din dans pentru... momentul literar. / Și-ndată tinerețea-și temperează/ În
scaunele rînduite-ad-hoc, / Ca să asculte tot ce debitează, / Timid, un oarecare Igor Block. /
Și după-a Terpsichorei frenezie, / Cuminți, amicii, și deloc în silă, / Se lasă transportați de poezie/ Cu-aceeași dăruire juvenilă./ Prieteni, pizmuită tinerețe, / Nedeslușind pe-al vostru
chip regretul - /Chiar dacă asta-i simplă politețe - /Vă mulțumește călduros poetul!

A doua poezie poartă titlul ARMINDENI: E-n ajun de sărbătoare... /Ce festive-s străzile! /
Pîlcuri de caiși în floare/ Pavoazează ogrăzile. / Stelele discret punctează/ Marea boltă-a
cerului. / Într-un ritm solemn vibrează/ Viața cartierului./ Fremătînd de nerăbdare, / S-au
gătit grădinile, / Șiruri lungi de felinare/ Își aprind luminile. / Molcomă coboară seara/ Cu
nespusă grație, / Numai la Alimentara/ Încă-i animație. / Calmă, fără controverse, / Lumea-și
umple plasele; / Pleacă bunătăți diverse/ Pe la toate casele. / Geamurile, luminoase, / Nu și-
au tras perdelele; / Astăzi nu sunt somnoroase - / Stau la sfat cu stelele. / Ocupați în faptul
serii, / Nu fără emoție, / Se agită pionierii/ Ultima promoție. / Pentru marea sărbătoare/ Își
gătesc hăinuțele; / Mîine-or flutura în soare, / Roșii, băsmăluțele. / ... Minunata zi de-
Armindeni, / Falnică tradiție, / Își vestește pretutindeni/ Noua ei ediție.

Volume de poezii

 Block, Igor, (1940) Poeme, București.
 Volumul colectiv de versuri, (1939), Dragostea văzută de poeți, București.
 Block, Igor, (1941), Calea cu spini – poem pentru țara pierdută, Editura Adonis, București.
 Block, Igor, (1942), Calea cu flori – poem pentru marea întoarcere, Editura Adonis, București.
 Block, Igor, Romanițe și ciulini (manuscris).

Note

Legături externe
 Alexandru Burlacu - Literatura română din Basarabia: anii '20-'30
 Traduceri de Igor Block

Bibliografie

 Cuciuc, Nina (2020), Angela Moldovan – Privighetoarea României, Editura Contour, Iași, ISBN 978-606-94788-2-0, 709 pag.
 Predescu, Lucian (1940), Enciclopedia Cugetarea: Material românesc. Oameni și înfăptuiri, București: Institutul de Arte Grafice Cugetarea – P.C. Georgescu Delafras.
 Predescu, Lucian (1999), Enciclopedia României/Cugetarea: Material românesc.Oameni și înfăptuiri, Ediție anastatică, București: Editura Saeculum I.O./Editura Vestala.

Vezi și
Listă de traducători români
Lista volumelor publicate în Colecția SF (Editura Tineretului)

Nașteri în 1918
Decese în 1988
Traducători români
Poeți români

Igor Block


Esparto, halfah grass, or esparto grass is a fiber produced from two species of perennial grasses of north Africa,  Spain and Portugal. It is used for crafts, such as cords, basketry, and espadrilles. Stipa tenacissima and Lygeum spartum are the species used to produce esparto.

Stipa tenacissima (Macrochloa tenacissima) produces the better and stronger esparto. It is endemic to the Western Mediterranean (growing in Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya). Another name in Spanish for the plant is "atocha", a pre-Roman word.  "Esparto" or σπάρτο in Greek may refer to any woven products of sedge or broom, including cords and ropes.  This species grows forming a steppic landscape - esparto grasslands - which covers large parts of Spain and Algeria.

History

Esparto leaves have been used for millennia. The oldest baskets of esparto, dating back 7,000 years, were found in a cave in southern Spain (Cueva de los Murciélagos, Albuñol, Granada). This collection is now in the National Archaeological Museum of Spain. There are many esparto remains in archaeological settlements from as long ago as the Neolithic period, including rugs, ropes, clothes, etc. Iberians used esparto rugs as floor coverings. For Greeks, Phoenicians and Romans, esparto was the best raw material for boat ropes. For centuries, esparto grasslands have been managed by local populations in order to boost the harvest, due to its economic value. In southern Spain there is an "Esparto culture": a deep knowledge about the many uses of this fiber forms part of the traditions of these communities. After the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), esparto was declared a "national fiber"; there was even a National Esparto Service. The opening of markets to other fibers and plastics eventually led to the decline of the esparto industry.

Application
Esparto leaves are traditionally harvested with a stick; usually of wood or iron, but in ancient times, of bone. The stick is used to pull up a handful of leaves at a time. The esparto is not normally used immediately after harvesting. Instead, the leaves are left to dry in the sun until they turn yellowish. This is the raw esparto, which is used for different basketry techniques. An alternative is to soak the leaves in water for about a month, before drying and then crushing them. This material is known as "crushed esparto", which is stronger and easier to weave.
The main techniques are:
 Plaited esparto: people weave a long strip of raw esparto or crushed esparto. The artifact is made by sewing this strip in different ways. Every kind of plait has a different name. Examples (in Spanish) include the "pleita" (with raw esparto) and the "recincho" (with crushed esparto), but there is a rich Spanish vocabulary for the techniques and artifacts of the esparto craft. In many cases, different terms are used in different regions. Mainly, this vocabulary belongs to the Castilian and Catalan dialects of Valencia.
All techniques involve working with an odd number of strands, from 5 to 31 or more.
 Coiled esparto: sewing many esparto leaves into a spiral, every turn over the former one.
 Twinning esparto: similar to wicker basketry.
 Cofin braiding: a typical stitch to make "cofines", a swallow basket used formerly in the olive oil mills to press the olive mass
 Snail basket stitch: this is a special stitch to make snail baskets, a specific basket to pick snails.
 Espadrilles: the former peasant footwear of southern Spain. These are made with crushed esparto.

There are many complementary techniques to end the baskets, square braids, cord edging, crown sinnet, points, etc. In the finest pieces, all leaves used must be the same size and diameter, and must always be joined in parallel.

Traditionally, esparto basketry has not been a professional product. Shepherds, farmers and other people of the countryside used to plait esparto on rainy days or in times not suitable for working.

Most craft tools and artifacts in the southern Spanish countryside for farming and livestock were made with esparto, such as harvesting baskets, items for the home, and containers/sacks for carts, horses, and donkeys.
There is a huge variety of items, many of which are well known and have a specific use, but others are the product of a special personal need or a free creation, such as toys for children or animals. Every kind of basket has a special name that describes its use. For example, a "cesto rosero" is a basket used traditionally to gather saffron flowers.

A special esparto basketry piece is the esparto canteen. Made with crushed esparto and waterproofed with pine pitch, they were used by the shepherds of southeastern Spain to carry water in the mountains. The Archaeological Museum of Cartagena has an example of a Roman esparto canteen two thousand years old.
Esparto was also used for making slingshots. In ancient times these were used as weapons of war, but could also be used for hunting or by shepherds to protect their livestock.

A wide strip of plaited raw esparto, named "pleita" in Spanish, is the traditional mold for Manchego cheese.

Another important use of esparto is in rope-making. Ropes could be made with raw esparto, crushed esparto or raked esparto (after crushed). A special rope was used to tie cereal bunches in harvest time. Other were used in vernacular architecture to tie reeds to the timber in roof building.

Paper
Esparto grass is known for its use in papermaking. The fiber makes a high quality paper often used in book manufacturing. First used in Great Britain in 1850 by Thomas Routledge who imported it from southern Spain, and it was greatly exploited by Edward Lloyd at his paper mills at Bow-Bridge and Sittingbourne from the 1860s. Lloyd imported his raw materials from Oran and Arzew in Algeria. It has been extensively used in the UK and Europe, but due to transportation costs, it is rarely found in the United States. Most paper made from esparto is usually combined with 5% to 10% wood pulp.

The fibers are fairly short in relation to their width, yet do not create any significant amount of dust. Because of the short fiber length, the tensile strength of the paper is less than that of many other papers, but its resistance to shrinkage and stretching is superior, and the paper is a well-filled, dense paper with excellent inking qualities.  It also has very good folding properties.

Some manufacturers of rolling paper may use esparto, which might lead to a slightly higher carcinogen level when burned.

Other uses
The old leaves, which are under the plant, were used to make the traditional torches of southern Spain, named "hachos". They are also used by beekeepers to produce smoke while taking honey from the hives.
Shepherds would sometimes weave a makeshift spoon from esparto leaves to eat curdle.

Gallery

References

Sources
 Pardo de Santayana, M., Morales, R., Aceituno, L. y Molina, M. 2014. Inventario Español de los Conocimientos Tradicionales relativos a la Biodiversidad. Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente

External links
 Esparto as a material
 Esparto Museum
 Esparto fine craftsmanship

 Esparto canteens
 "Espartopedia"

Poaceae
Fiber plants

Esparto


The Heart of Saturday Night es el segundo álbum de estudio del músico estadounidense Tom Waits, publicado en 1974 por Asylum Records. Fue incluido en el puesto 339 de la lista de los 500 mejores álbumes de todos los tiempos por la revista musical Rolling Stone. La portada del álbum es un homenaje a la portada del disco de Frank Sinatra In the Wee Small Hours.

Lista de canciones
Todas las canciones compuestas por Tom Waits.

Personal
 Pete Christlieb: saxofón tenor
 Bill Goodwin: batería
 Jim Hughart: contrabajo
 Tom Waits: voz, piano y guitarra
 Bob Alcivar: arreglos

Referencias

Álbumes de Tom Waits
Álbumes de 1974
Álbumes de Asylum Records

The Heart of Saturday Night


Sankt Joseph Hospital i Aarhus var et hospital bestyret og drevet af Søstrene fra den katolske orden Sankt Joseph Søstrene. Hospital fungerede fra 1907 til 1986 og lå på Bülowsgade 68.

Søstrene kom til Aarhus fra deres hovedsæde i København allerede i 1875 med ønsket om at oprette en poliklinik for byens ubemidlede, men havde på det tidspunkt ikke midlerne til at opføre en ny bygning. Derfor måtte de nøjes med at starte en katolsk skole i byen og pleje de syge i hjemmene. De hjalp både katolikker og protestanter, for på den måde at få kontakt til byens protestantiske befolkning, der anså de fremmede katolikker for farlige.

Referencer

Hospitaler i Aarhus
Nedlagte hospitaler i Danmark

Sankt Josephs Hospital (Aarhus)


Kick Off 1980'li yılların sonunda Anco Games şirketi tarafından çıkarılan 2 boyutlu bir futbol oyunudur.

İlk sürümleri Amiga ve Atari ST platformlarında oynanabilmekteydi. Daha önce hiçbir bilgisayar futbol oyununa eklenmeyen özelliklere sahip olduğu için kendi kategorisinde bir öncü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kendisinden önceki oyunlardan farklı olarak Kick Off'ta top futbolcunun ayağına yapışmazdı, bu da oyuncunun ve onunla birlikte topun kontrolünü oldukça zorlaştırır, oyuna bir gerçekçilik katardı. Diğer futbol oyunlarından farklı olarak pek çok futbola özgü özellikler içerirdi; farklı yetenek ve stillerdeki oyuncu karakterleri, farklı taktikler, fauller, kartlar, sakatlıklar, pozisyon tekrarları, uzatma süreleri, ve farklı ruh hallerindeki hakemler Kick Off'u diğer bütün futbol oyunlarından ayırmaktaydı.

Birleşik Krallık'ta geliştirilen video oyunları
Futbol video oyunları

Kick Off


Adam Theodor Adolf Schmidt (* 17. August 1908 in Weimar; † 30. November 1990 in Rostock) war ein deutscher Mathematiker und Hochschullehrer.

Leben
Adam Schmidt, Sohn des Kunstmalers Eduard Schmidt (1874–1919) sowie der Kunstmalerin und Zeichenlehrerin Irmgard Schmidt geborene Busch (1875–1952), wandte sich nach abgelegtem Abitur am Realgymnasium Weimar den Studien der Mathematik sowie Physik an der Universität Jena zu, die er dort 1939 nach gesundheitsbedingten Unterbrechungen mit dem Erwerb des akademischen Grades eines Dr. rer. nat. abschloss.

Adam Schmidt begann in der Folge seine berufliche Laufbahn als wissenschaftlicher Mitarbeiter an der Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt Braunschweig-Völkenrode, 1945 wechselte er in gleicher Funktion zur Royal Air Force. Zwei Jahre später trat er eine Assistentenstelle unter anderem bei Wilhelm Maier am Mathematischen Institut der Universität Jena an, dort habilitierte er sich 1951 als Privatdozent für das Fach Mathematik.

1954 folgte Schmidt dem Ruf auf die Professur mit Lehrauftrag für Mathematik an die Universität Rostock, dort wurde er 1956 zum Professor mit vollem Lehrauftrag für Mathematik, 1961 zum Professor mit Lehrstuhl für Mathematik und schließlich 1969 zum ordentlichen Professor für Analysis ernannt, 1973 wurde er emeritiert. Zusätzlich übte er dort mehrfach die Ämter des Prodekans und Dekans an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät aus. In den Jahren 1968 bis 1968 hatte er die Leitung des Mathematischen Instituts inne.

Adam Schmidt, der 1969 den Vorsitz der Bezirkssektion Nord der Mathematischen Gesellschaft der DDR übernahm, verstarb 1990 im Alter von 82 Jahren in Rostock.

Seine Lehr- und Forschungsschwerpunkte lagen in den Bereichen Theorie der Differentialgleichungen sowie Variationsrechnung.

Schriften
 Konvergente und asymptotische Darstellungen für die Lösungen linearer Differentialgleichungen, deren Koeffizienten Dirichletsche Reihen oder Exponentialpolynome mit komplexen Exponenten sind, Dissertation, J. Springer, Berlin, 1940
 Existenz, Unität und Konstruktion der Lösung für das Anfangswertproblem bei gewissen Systemen quasilinearer partieller Differentialgleichungen, Habilitationsschrift, J. Springer, Berlin, 1952

Literatur
 Universität Rostock. Forschungsgruppe Universitätsgeschichte, Günter Heidorn (Hrsg.): Geschichte der Universität Rostock 1419–1969: Festschrift zur Fünfhundertfünfzig-Jahr-Feier der Universität, In: Band 2 von Geschichte der Universität Rostock 1419–1969, Universität Rostock. Forschungsgruppe Universitätsgeschichte, Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1969 S. 189 f.
 Universität Rostock: Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift: Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, Band 23, Ausgaben 6–10, Universität Rostock, 1974, S. 604.

Weblinks

 Adam Schmidt: Kurzbiographie bei der DMV

Einzelnachweise

Mathematiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena)
Hochschullehrer (Universität Rostock)
Person (Rostock)
DDR-Bürger
Deutscher
Geboren 1908
Gestorben 1990
Mann

Adam Schmidt


Amr Abdülbasit Abdülaziz Diyab (), Amr Diyab adıyla anılan (11 Ekim 1961, Port Said) Mısır'ın birçok ödüllü pop şarkıcısı-söz yazarı, tüm zamanların en çok satan Orta Doğu sanatçısı olarak kabul edilir.

Ayrıca, "Akdeniz Müziği" olarak adlandırılan, Batı ve Mısır Ritimlerinden oluşan, kendi müzik tarzını yaratmıştır. 1992'de, yüksek teknolojili müzik videoları yapmaya başlayan ilk Arap sanatçı oldu.

Kariyeri

1983-1990 arası
Mısırlı sanatçı 11 Ekim 1961 yılında, Mısır'ın liman şehirlerinden biri olan Port Said'de doğdu. 1983 yılında yaptığı ilk albümle müzik dünyasıyla tanıştı. 1984te bunu ikinci albümü izlese de müzik otoriteleri ilk profesyonel çalışmasını 1986 "Ya Tareeq" albümüyle başlatır. Bu albümünü 4 yıl üst üste 1990'a dek "Khalseen", "Mayyal", "Shawa'na", "Matkhafesh" albümleri izledi. Yine Amr Diab'ın müzik kariyerindeki dönüm noktası 1990 yılında Mısır'da düzenlenen 5. Afrika Spor Turnuvalarında verdiği konser oldu. Buna paralel olarak video klip çekimlerinin yanı sıra sinema filmi teklifleri aldı. Klipleri Arap dünyasında zirveye oturdu. Mısır Film Festivali'nde de gösterilen üç filmde rol aldı. 1991'den 1993'te kadar Habibi, Ayyamna ve Ya Omrena bu süre içinde yaptığı albümler oldu.

1994-1998 arası
1994 yılında Weylomony, 1995'te Rag'een albümlerinin ardından sesini dünyaya duyurduğu ünlü Nour El Ain albümünü 1996'da yayınladı. Bu albüm, üç milyonun üzerinde sattı ve Diab'a Triple Platinum ödülünü getirdi. 1998'deyse Monako'da düzenlenen ve verilen Dünya Müzik Ödülü'ne layık görüldü. Şarkının İngilizce ve İspanyolca versiyonu Brezilya, Arjantin, Şili, Pakistan, Hindistan, İran, Fransa ve Güney Afrika'da en çok dinlenenler arasına girdi.

Ortadoğu'da en çok satan sanatçı
Cezayir asıllı ünlü Fransız müzisyen Cheb Khaled ile düetlerinin yanı sıra, Yunan şarkıcı Angela Dimitriou'yla da düetlere imza attı. 2001 yılında piyasaya çıkardığı Aktar Wahed albümü ile 2002 yılında Monako'da ikinci defa Dünya Müzik Ödüllerinde "Ortadoğu'nun En Çok Satan Sanatçısı" ödülünü alan Amr Diab 2003 yılında Orta Doğu'nun en büyük müzik şirketi Rotana ile kontrat imzaladı. 2004 yılında çıkardığı Leily Nahary albümündeki aynı adlı şarkısı Pepsinin promosyon şarkılarında kullanıldı. 2005 yılında Kammel Kalamak albümü ise Amr Diab'ı kariyerinde zirveye taşıdı. Diab ayrıca, tüm Arap ülkelerinin yanı sıra Avustralya, Kanada, ABD ve Avrupa'da da konserler verdi.

Özel yaşamı
Zena Ashoor ile evlidir ve 4 dört çocuğu (Nour,Jana ve ikizler Abdullah, Kenzy) vardır.

Ödülleri
 2007 Monaco Dünya Müzik Ödülleri, "El Leila Di" albümüyle üçüncü defa "Ortadoğu'nun En Çok Satan Sanatçısı" ödülünü kazandı.
 2008 yılında Amr Diab'ın hayatının, müzik kariyerinin anlatıldığı "El-Helm" tv programı yapıldı.

Albümler
 2016 - Ahla We Ahla
 2014 — Shoft El Ayam (Gördüm O Günleri)
 2013 — El Leila (Bu Gece)
 2011 — Banadeek Ta'ala (Seni Çağırıyorum)
 2010 — Aslaha Betefre2 (Değiştiriyor)
 2009 — Wayah (Onunla Beraber)
 2007 — El Leila De (Bu Gece)
 2005 — Kammel Kalamak (Sözlerini Bitir)
 2005 — Greatest Hits (1996—2003)
 2004 — Leily Nahary (CD-Tekli)
 2004 — Leily Nahary (Gündüzüm ve Gecem)
 2004 — Greatest Hits (1986—1995)
 2003 — Allem Alby (Kalbime Öğret)
 2001 — Aktar Wahed (The Most One)
 2000 — Tamally Maak (Hep Seninleyim)
 1999 — Amarein (İki Ay Parçası)
 1999 — The Best Of Amr Diab
 1998 — Awedoony (They Got Me Used To)
 1996 — Nour El-Ain (Light Of The Eye — Habibi)
 1995 — Ragaeen (We'll Be Back)
 1994 — Zekrayat (Memories)
 1994 — W Ylomoony (And They Blame Me)
 1993 — Ya Omrena (Our Life)
 1992 — Ice Cream Fi Gleam (Ice Cream In Gleam)
 1992 — Ayamna (Our Days)
 1991 — Habibi (My Love)
 1990 — Matkhafeesh (Don't Worry)
 1989 — Shawaana (Missing You)
 1988 — Mayyal (In Love)
 1988 — Ya Helwa (Hey Pretty)
 1987 — Khalseen (We're Even)
 1986 — Hala Hala (Welcome, Welcome)
 1985 — We Mneen Ageeb Nas (To whom I Complain?)
 1984 — Ghanny Men Albak (Sing From Your Heart)
 1983 — Ya Tareea (O Road)

Dış bağlantılar

Kaynakça

1961 doğumlular
Mısırlı erkek şarkıcılar
Yaşayan insanlar

Amr Diyab


راب ني بانا دي جودي (بالهندية:रब ने बना दी जोड़ी)، ترجمة: زوج بمباركة السماء  هو فيلم كوميدي (فكاهي) رومانسي هندي من إخراج أديتيا شوبرا وانتجته شركة أفلام ياش راج في عام 2008.شاه روخ خان يمثل في الفيلم دور سوريندر «سوري» ساهني الموظف في أحد المكاتب والذي يحوله حبه للجميلة والمرحة تانيا جوبتا «تاني بارتينر» (أنوشكا شارما) إلى «راج» وهو شخصية محبة للمرح دون أن تعلم «تاني» بذلك. عرض الفيلم في السينما في جميع أنحاء العالم في 12 ديسمبر، 2008.

الحبكة الروائية

سوريندر «سوري» ساهني (شاه روخ خان) هو موظف بمكتب بنجاب باور وهو إنسان خجول، منطو على ذاته، وطيب القلب، يقع بهدوء في حب تاني «تانيا» جوبتا (أنوشكا شارما) ابنة أستاذه السابق ام كيه راينا، حيث أنها فتاة جميلة ومرحة وقد راها لأول مرة عند التحضير لحفل زفافها. ومع ذلك عند أول لقاء لهما، كانت تاني تصرخ في وجهه ساخرة منه وتلقي باللوم عليه لتقليديته في التزامه بمجموعة من المعايير المتخلفة (و التي لطالما كانت تسخر من والدها بسببها) والتي لم تكن تلتزم بها بسبب شقاوتها. وبعد وقت قصير، اصيب والد «تاني» بنوبة قلبية عندما علم كل من في حفل الزفاف أن خطيبها وعائلته قد لقوا مصرعهم في حادث سير.و خوفا من أن يتركها (تاني) وحيدة في العالم بعده، يطلب وهو على فراش الموت من «سوري» أن يتزوجها الذي لم يتردد في قبول الطلب؛ وتوافق تاني وقد اغرورقت عيناها بالدموع من أجل إرضاء والدها.

بعد حفل زفاف سريع، يأخذ سوري تاني إلى موطن أجداده في أمريتسار. وبينما كانت طيبة قلبه تقوده إلى معاملتها معاملة استثنائية وبكل صبر، لكنه كان خائفا جدا من المجاهرة بحبه لها. ومع ذلك، تخبره تاني أنه على الرغم من أنها ستحاول أن تكون زوجة صالحة، فإنها لا يمكن أن تحبه أبدا نظرا لعدم وجود الحب داخل قلبها. «سوري»، رغم ذلك، لا يرفض لها أي طلب وهذا يشمل القيام بزيارات متكررة إلى السينما لمشاهدة أفلام الرقص والغناء والتي تذكي نار الأوهام حول الرومانسية لدى تاني وتزيد من شغفها بالرقص. ثم انها سرعان ما تطلب من سوري ان تنضم إلى فرقة جودي للرقص المكلفة وذلك للهروب من حياتها الروتينية في المنزل.

خلال زيارة واحدة إلى السينما، يشعر سوري باختلافه الجذري بالمقارنة مع الصورة المرحة والذكورية الرومنسية التي تعشقها تاني ويطلب في وقت لاحق من صديق طفولته بالويندر «بوبي» خوسلا فيناي باثاك، وهو صاحب صالون للشعر، لتقديم المشورة حول كيفية الفوز بحبها. عندئذ يحرص بوبي على المساعدة ويشير إلى وجود تغييرات شاملة تهم مظهره الخارجي (حلق شاربه، وتغيير تسريحة شعره، تجهز خزانة ملابس غربية الطراز له بما فيها لباس الطيارين، على غرار النظارات ذات العدسات الباستيل المضخم). وبالتالي تحول سوري إلى شخصية مختلفة تماما مختالا، يضحك ويتحدث بصوت عال، جرئ، ومحب للمرح ويسمي نفسه «راج كابور»، والذي اختاره سوري تيمنا ببطل الفيلم والذي كانت تاني معجبة به. وينضم إلى فصل الرقص وبالصدفة—أو، كما يعتقد، عن طريق العناية الإلهية— تصبح تاني في منافسة له. على الرغم من فظاظة راج في المرة الأولى — نتيجة لعدم خبرته في التعامل مع النساء، ومحاولته محاكاة لقطات من أفلام — فقد تحول هو وتاني الي اصدقاء حيث أصبحا يتشاراكان معا في الرقص. يشعر سوري بالشجاعة والسرور عندما لا تربط تاني «الخيط المقدس» خلال ذهابها لالحتفال صحبة «راج» على معصمه خلال مهرجان عيد راكشا باندهان (و ذلك معناه في العادات الهندية انها لا تعتبر علاقته بها علاقة اخت بأخيها). وهكذا، بعد فترة من الوقت، يعلن راج حبه لها.

بعد ذلك الأمر يمر الزوج بفترة حيرة بالنسبة لكليهما إذ تدخل تاني في فترة من الصراع الداخلي إذ انه عندها رغبة يائسة للهروب من الحياة الرتيية من خلال إيجاد شخص جديد تشاركه الحب وعلى الرغم من تلك الرغبة في الهروب ما تعتقد أنه زواج بلا حب، تشعر تاني بأنها مجبرة على البقاء مع «سوري» بسبب الوعد الذي التزمت به إلى والدها.كما أن «سوري» يواجه مفارقة غير عادية: تاني «الزوجة» تعامله بكل فظاظة وكره وعلى النقيض من ذلك تستمتع بأحلى الأوقات مع شخصيته الوهمية «راج». وهكذا يحاول «سوري» قصارى جهده الفوز بحب «تاني» ولكن ذلك لا يزيد لها سوى مزيد من الشعور بالاغتراب والبرود. ثم انها في نهاية المطاف تستنجد «راج» وتخبره انها في مأزق، على أمل انه سوف يساعدها. عندها يقترح عليها الهرب معها، «سوري» توافق وقد اغرورقت عيناها بالدموع ثم يقومان بتحديد موعد الفرار إلى الليلة التالية، ليلة المنافسة.

في يوم المنافسة، يأخذ سوري تاني إلى المعبد الذهبي من أجل الدعاء والتوسل برحمة الله وبركاته لها لتفوز بالمنافسة تلك الليلة، ولكن بالخصوص كانت تدعو داخليا للتخلص من حياتها مع راج. لكن هناك يظهر لتاني انه في عيد الغطاس علامة الهية التي حسب المعتقدات المحلية تظهر لها أنها علامة على أن كون زواجها من سوري هو من وحي الهي.و لأول مرة تبدأ تاني تعطف على زوجها، وتصبح كذلك على بينة من قوة ونزاهة شخصية سوري.و عندها تخبر تاني راج انها لا يمكن أن تهرب معه وتتركه في ما يبدو لها أنها حالة من الصدمة والحزن والدموع في عينيه.و عندما يحين الوقت للأداء تذهل تاني لرؤية سوري، بدلا من راج ينضم لها على خشبة المسرح. فإنه في تلك اللحظة التي يسقط فيها القناع ويجتمعان معا، تتوضح الصورة لتاني وذلك من خلال سلسلة من ذكريات الماضي وتكتشف أن سوري هو في الواقع راج.و وراء كواليس المسرح يواجهها سوري وعندما يعترف بحبه لها، تصارحه وقد اغرورقت عيناها بالدموع بأنها تحبه أيضا. وتظهر عندها نتيجة الفوز في المنافسة وينطلقان في رحلة لشهر العسل الثاني إلى اليابان.

طاقم المشاركين

ضيوف الشرف الذين قاموا بأدوار في أغنية «فير ميلينج شالتي شالتي»
 كاجول والتي مثلت دور حبيبة راج كابور، نرجس
 بيباشا باسو والتي مثلت دور حبيبة ديف أناند، نوتان
 لارا دوتا والتي مثلت دور حبيبة شامي كابور، هيلين
 بريتي زينتا والتي مثلت دور حبيبةشارملا طاغور
 راني مكرجي والتي مثلت دور حبيبة ريشي كابور، نيتو سينغ

الإصدار

شباك التذاكر
حقق راب ني بانا دي جودي عند عرضه المرتبة الأولى في شباك التذاكر الهندي، وجمع 58,19,00,000 روبية في 1100 قاعة عرض. وفي أسبوعه الرابع من العرض حقق الفيلم ما يقارب من 90 كرور روبية من المداخيل. وقد حقق 29,914,469 دولار دوليا 24,991,323 دولار منها ما هو متأتي من المكتب الهندي بينما كان مبلغ 2,078,900 هي التي ساهمت بها السوق الدولية. واحتل الفيلم المرتبة الثانية في قائمة أعلى مرابيح إجمالية في تاريخ بوليوود بعد غاجيني مع حساب التضخم غير المعدل. كما أن الفيلم حقق رقما قياسيا من العرض المستمر لمدة 120 يوما متواصلة في مسارح مومباي.

الاستقبال النقدي
يقول روبرت أديل الناقد في صحيفة لوس انجلس تايمز أن راب ني بانا دي جودي " مزيج رائع من كوميديا مسلية رومانسية موسيقية" مشيرا إلى أن "خان المغناطيسي كان موهوباً بما فيه الكفاية ليقوم بتمثيل هزلي خلال تحوله المادي إلى شخصيتين -- الأولى مثل شخصية بيتر سلرز والتي تتحول إلى شخصية جيري لويس المنبسط -- الاعتقاد بأن تاني لن تتفطن إلى الأمر ليس صعبا ". راشيل ساتز من صحيفة نيويورك تايمز يصفها بأنها كوميديا " لينة وحلوة المذاق ورزينة" وهي جملة وردت في إحدى أغاني الفيلم. أنه سيناريو حاذق يمزج الكوميديا، بأسلوب بوليوود الجديد، مع الميلودراما، والأسلوب القديم. "مانيش جازار" من بي بي سي أعطى الفيلم أربعة من أصل خمسة نجوم في تقييمه مشيراً إلى أن "شاه روخ خان يجعلك تضحك وتبكي مثل نيردي، أخرق احياناً، عند تقمصه ل"سوريندر" الذي يرتدي نظارة طبية وبشكل خارجي تقليدي ليتحول إلى "راج".انه (أي الفيلم) صاحب رسالة مهنية حقيقية يشعر المشاهد بقوة السيناريو الكامل من خلال مشاهد عاطفية وكوميدية. فرانك لوفيس الناقد في المجلة الدولية للفيلم وصف الفيلم بأنه "أكثر ذكاء وأكثر وعياً من أكثر الأفلام في هوليوود" ويلاحظ أنه "من ذكاء السيناريو في الفيلم ان الأحداث تؤول في نهاية المطاف بشكل مغاير لما هو متوقع في أحداث رواية رومنسية من النوع الذي يحقق به الأبطال الذكور أحلامهم بالزواج من البطلات الجميلات، ولأنها نفذت بشكل جيد للغاية، على خلاف غالبية الأفلام الرومانسية في هوليوود. ام الناقد والكاتب "ميتلاند ماكدونا" من موقع ميس فليك شيك ذكر أن الفيلم اخفق في بعض النواحي السينمائية فالسناريو ظهر مصطنعاً أحيانا كما غاب أسلوب الوعي الذاتي وإعادة صياغة الذات بحياء، كما أن الحبكة الروائية المرجعية للفيلم من النوع الذي عفا عليه الزمن والاستعارة كالتي على غرار السيناريو الذي كتبه تود هاينز في فيلم الأقصى من السماء، لكنه في النهاية كان بالنسبة لي فيلماً مسلياً بطريقة أكثر مقارنة مع الأفلام من نفس النوعية في هوليوود. "

بعض النقاد كان رأيهم مخالفاً، فقد كان "راجيف ماسند" من شبكة سى ان ان منتقداً للفيلم ومنحه اثنتين من اصل خمسة نجوم، قائلاً أن "أديتيا شوبرا" عاد إلى الإخراج بعد ثماني سنوات ليصيب النص بمعيبة كبيرة، وهذا بدوره يولد فيلما مخيباً للآمال، أين الحوارات الذكية والأحرف الحماسية التي طبعت فيلمه السابق ديلوال ديلهانا لي يانجي؟ لم يكن هناك أي أثر لها في هذا الفيلم [...]المشكلة هي انه في جذور راب ني بانا دي جودي الكثير من مثل هذه المواقف مصطنعة في الفيلم، كذلك المشاعر لم يبدع فيها للغاية. "  ناخات كاظمي من ذا تايمز أوف انديا يلاحظ أيضا أن "سوريندر ساهني هو " وهو نوع من الشخصية الذي لم يظهر في ترسانة شاه روخ الفنية من قبل وهذا هو السبب في انه حاول أن يضرب على وتر ففشل في النجاح في ذلك. كل هذا الحديث الذي دار عن هذا الفيلم الذي طال انتظاره جعلنا ننتظر بفارغ الصبر لكن للأسف هذا الفلم لا يمكن أن يفخر به. دعونا نعود إلى الماضي قليلاً، وخاصة منذ أن أعلن عن عودة المخرج أديتيا شوبرا بعد توقف طويل عودنا قبله على افلام دسمة وخارجة عن المألوف [...] انها هذه السخافات الرئيسية، والشارب، كما التمويه ومعجزة الوحي الإلهي في نهاية هذا الفيلم الذي تحول إلى دراما هي التي افسدت الفيلم وذلك تماما خارج ما نريد لأفلام بوليوود المعاصرة. ديريك ايلي من يجادل فارايتي أن الفيلم قد "ضخم، ومركز المجوفة التي البواليع في المشروع في وقت مبكر يوم [...] الورق النصي رقيقة يورط نفسه إلى خط النهاية وسط سطو متعب من خان، وهو ضخم وجود فجوة المصداقية (انها لم تعترف به دون نظارته وشاربه؟) وعلى درجة واحدة فقط مع بلاه شوستوبير (التي تضم خمس ممثلات الشهيرة). "

كما أن هناك عدداً من النقاد لاحظ أوجه التشابه بين هذا الفيلم والأفلام الأبطال الخارقين خالد محمد، من صحيفة هندوستان تايمز، قدم الفيلم ثلاثة ونصف من أصل خمسة نجوم تفيد أنه سوري، "هو شقيق روحك لكلارك كينت فارية - بوضعه في سوبرمان" الذي "يجعلك تضحك وتنهد بالتناوب."  مايانك شيخار من مومباي ميرور أعطى الفيلم ثلاثة من أصل خمسة نجوم، ويؤكد أن: "الشخص نفسه، يزاوج معاكس، عادة ما يكون من الأشياء الفائقة أفلام البطل؛ أنواع كلارك كينت، سوبرمان، بيتر باركر سبايدرمان الخ تشعرين فقدت تماما في هذا نفض الغبار الخيال، وذلك لأن معظم لجزء، انها تتمحور حول شيء حتى حميمة وحقيقية. انه سيكون من الأسهل بكثير من السفر إلى البلدان الأجنبية حوالي بعيدة المنال الحالات مع أبطال وهمية ". وبالإضافة إلى ذلك، ويذكر ساديش كامازما من الهندوس  أنه في حين أن راب ني بانا دي جودي قد تكون مثيرة للاهتمام بفن السينما استكشاف ديناميات الزواج المدبر، وفان المخرج بدلا من ذلك، "تعامل مع هذا الطابع، مثل نوع الذي تعامل فيه سام رايمي مع العنكبوت رجل [...] خارقة 'راج' ينزلق ازياء والخروج، ويشكو كيف تحصل غير مريحة في جميع أنحاء المنشعب، لكسب تأييد له مع ماري جين ليس لإنقاذ كثيرا في عالم الأعمال لإبقائه مشغولا. ولكن في حين سبيدي أنه لا لسبب أكبر من مجرد وزارة العدل، راج هو الدافع الوحيد لملاحقتهم لزوجته وتلعب بها خياله وشخص آخر. هاجسه مع نظيره يغير بين الأنا إلى مستويات جديدة عندما يريد زوجته لخداع الحقيقي له—أي للأبله سوريندر ساينى الذي يبدأ بشكل جيد.

الجوائز

جوائز فيلمفير 2009
 فاز : بجائزة أفضل فيلمفير -- سوخويندر سينغ («هاو هالو»)
 فاز : فلم فير أفضل مكان للجائزة (وارتفع المشهد)
 رشح ل: أفضل ممثل—شاه روخ خان
 رشح ل: أفضل ممثلة—انوشكا شارما
 رشح ل: أفضل مخرج—أديتيا شوبرا
 رشح ل: أفضل فيلم—أديتيا شوبرا
 رشح ل: أفضل أنثى مطربى—سنيدي شوهان («رقصة فرصة المؤسسة العامة»)
 رشح ل: أفضل ممثل مساعد—فيناي باثاك

الدولية للعام 2009 جوائز أكاديمية الفيلم الهندي
 رشح ل: أفضل ممثل
 رشح ل: أفضل ممثل مساعد—فيناي باثاك
 رشح ل: أفضل كلمات
 رشح ل: أفضل ذكر مطربى

2009 جوائز ستاردست
 رشح ل: ستاردست لجائزة سوبر ستار الغد—اناث
 رشح ل: أفضل فيلم
 رشح ل: أفضل مخرج
 رشح ل: جائزة ستاردست لنجمة العام—ذكر

جائزة نجم الشاشة سنة 2009
 رشح ل: أكثر وافد جديد واعدة—أنوشكا شارما
 رشح ل: أفضل ممثل—شاه روخ خان
 رشح ل: أفضل تصميم الرقصات
 رشح ل: أفضل مطرب ذكر
 رشح ل: أفضل مطرب أنثى
 رشح ل: أفضل كلمات

الموسيقي التصويرية

الصوت من راب ني بانا دي جودي كان مؤلف من قبل سالم سليمان. الأغنية فير ميلينج شالت شالت اثنى على ممثلين بوليوود الأسطورة راج كابور، ديف أناند، وراجيش خانا، شامي كابور وريشي كابور والممثلات نرجس، نوتان، هيلين، شارميلا طاغور ونيتو سينغ. أداء الأغنية يتضمن المظاهر من قبل كاجول، بيباشا باسو، لارا دوتا وبريتي زينتا وراني مكرجي.

درجة راب ني بانا دي جودي في هي أول موسيقى تصويرية بوليوود الصوت للوصول إلى المراكز العشرة الأولى مبيعات الألبومات لتيونز.

أفلام الفيديو الرقمية دي ڤي دي
جوجيندر توتجابوليوود جسد الثقافة أعطى دي في دي من راب ني بانا دي جودي 3.5 نجمة من أصل 5 نجوم تفيد أنه هو خيار جيد إذا كنت «ترغب في مشاهدة الفيلم نظيفة الأسرة في المنزل.» دي في دي وتشمل أفلام وثائقية، «إن صناعة الأفلام» و«وجعل من أغاني» (هالو هالو، الرقص بي تشانس، وفير ميلينج شارليت شارليت) فضلا عن عدد من حذف مشاهد والمقابلات.

ملاحظات

الروابط الخارجية

 الموقع الإلكتروني الرسمي

 راب ني بانا دي جودي في
 راب ني بانا دي جودي بي بي سي

أفلام إنتاج 2008
أفلام باللغة الهندية
أفلام باللغة الهندية في عقد 2000
أفلام تقع أحداثها في أمريتسار
أفلام رومانسية كوميديا درامية هندية
أفلام عن الزواج
أفلام عن منافسات رقص
أفلام كوميديا رومانسية درامية 2008
أفلام كوميدية رومانسية في 2008
أفلام كوميدية رومانسية في عقد 2000
أفلام كوميدية رومانسية هندية
أفلام كوميدية في 2008
أفلام هندية
أفلام هندية إنتاج 2008

ثنائي اختاره الرب (فيلم هندي)


Die GeForce-600-Serie ist eine Serie von Desktop-Grafikchips der Firma Nvidia und Nachfolger der GeForce-500-Serie. Mit der GeForce-600-Serie, die aufgrund der neuen Architektur auch als Kepler-Generation bezeichnet wird, führte Nvidia eine unvollständige Unterstützung von DirectX 11.1 ein, denn es werden nur sechs der zehn neu hinzugekommenen Funktionen gegenüber DirectX 11.0 unterstützt. Die GeForce-600-Serie wurde von der GeForce-700-Serie abgelöst.

Beschreibung

Geschichte

GK104

Am 22. März 2012 präsentierte Nvidia mit der GeForce GTX 680 die erste Grafikkarte der GeForce-600-Serie, mit welcher die neue Kepler-Architektur eingeführt wurde. Die GeForce GTX 680 basiert auf dem GK104-Grafikprozessor, der aus 3,54 Mrd. Transistoren besteht, sowie 1536 Streamprozessoren und 128 Textureinheiten, die in acht Shader-Clustern organisiert sind. Die GK104-GPU wird im 28-nm-Fertigungsprozess bei TSMC hergestellt und kommt auf eine Die-Fläche von 294 mm². Ursprünglich war der GK104 als Grafikchip für den Performance-Sektor geplant gewesen, was sich u. a. an der reduzierten "Double-Precision"-Leistung erkennen lässt, aber auch daran, dass frühere Beta-Treiber die GeForce GTX 680 unter dem Namen GeForce GTX 670 Ti führten. Nachdem Nvidia den GK100-Grafikprozessor zu Gunsten des GK110 strich, musste der GK104 auch für den High-End-Sektor verwendet werden, da der GK110 erst für die Kepler-Refresh-Generation zur Verfügung stehen sollte.

Die GeForce GTX 680 wies bei ihrer Präsentation eine, je nach Auflösung, rund 10 Prozent höhere Performance gegenüber der Radeon HD 7970 vom Konkurrenten AMD auf, sowie 30 bis 35 Prozent gegenüber dem Vorgänger, der GeForce GTX 580. Damit war die GeForce GTX 680 zunächst die schnellste Single-Chip-Grafikkarte am Markt. In der Fachpresse wurde die Karte überwiegend positiv bewertet, was neben der Performance vor allen Dingen auf die Energieeffizienz zurückzuführen war, da sie gegenüber der langsameren Radeon HD 7970 und GeForce GTX 580 eine niedrigere Leistungsaufnahme aufwies. Auch der Referenzkühler wurde, im Verhältnis für eine Karte im High-End-Bereich, positiv bewertet.

Am 29. April 2012 präsentierte Nvidia die Dual-Chip-Grafikkarte GeForce GTX 690, die auf zwei GK104-GPUs im Vollausbau basierte. Die Karte wies eine um ca. 40 Prozent höhere Performance gegenüber ihrem Vorgänger, der GeForce GTX 590, auf. Da AMD auf die bereits angekündigte Radeon HD 7990 verzichtete (nur einige Boardpartner veröffentlichten Eigendesigns unter diesem Namen), nahm die GeForce GTX 690 als schnellste Grafikkarte am Markt eine Monopolstellung ein. Da Nvidia die Leistungsaufnahme gegenüber früheren Dual-Chip-Grafikkarten deutlich senken konnte, bedingt durch die Vorteile der Kepler-Architektur, aber auch die Geräuschentwicklung (aufgrund der niedrigeren Wärmeentwicklung), wurde die Karte in der Fachpresse positiv bewertet. Dies war auch darauf zurückzuführen, dass Nvidia das Phänomen der "Mikroruckler", was im SLI-Betrieb entsteht (genauso wie bei AMDs Crossfire), reduzieren konnte.

Am 10. Mai 2012 präsentierte Nvidia die dritte Grafikkarte auf Basis der GK104-GPU, die GeForce GTX 670. Bei dieser wurde ein Shadercluster des GK104-Grafikprozessors deaktiviert (womit noch 1344 Streamprozessoren und 112 Textureinheiten aktiv waren), der Chiptakt reduziert und das Referenz-Platinenlayout überarbeitet. Dies führte dazu, dass die GeForce GTX 670 gegenüber der GTX 680 ca. 10 Prozent Performance verlor und in etwa genauso schnell war, wie die Radeon HD 7970 (solange keine extremen Auflösungen über "Full HD" verwendet wurden). Erneut erhielt Nvidia positive Kritiken für die bessere Energieeffizienz gegenüber dem AMD-Konkurrenten, allerdings sorgte der vereinfachte Referenzkühler für negative Bewertungen, da er trotz der geringeren Wärmeentwicklung gegenüber der GeForce GTX 680 lauter war. Die meisten Boardpartner reagierten mit Eigendesigns auf den Referenzkühler, um der Kritik entgegenzuwirken.

Am 16. August 2012 führte Nvidia die GeForce GTX 660 Ti im Markt ein. Die Karte ist technisch gesehen mit der GeForce GTX 670 identisch, nur das Speicherinterface wurde von 256 auf 192 Bit reduziert; Chipausbau, Platinenlayout, Taktraten und Speicherbestückung sind ansonsten unverändert. Das reduzierte Speicherinterface und die damit verbundene asynchrone Speicherbestückung führten dazu, dass die GeForce GTX 660 Ti gegenüber der GTX 670 rund 15 Prozent an Leistung verlor und somit ungefähr die Performance der Radeon HD 7950 aufwies. Die GeForce GTX 660 Ti war die erste Grafikkarte mit der GK104-GPU, die Nvidia für unter 300 € auf den Markt brachte und somit im wichtigen Performance-Sektor platzierte, für welchen der GK104 ursprünglich entworfen wurde. Für den OEM-Markt legte Nvidia eine weitere Variante der GeForce GTX 660 Ti auf, bei welcher zwei Shadercluster deaktiviert waren und die Taktraten weiter reduziert wurden. Diese Karte wurde unter dem Namen GeForce GTX 660 (ohne Ti) ausgeliefert, ist aber nicht mit der GeForce GTX 660 auf Basis des GK106-Grafikprozessores zu verwechseln.

GK106
Der GK106-Grafikprozessor wurde gut ein halbes Jahr nach dem GK104 und GK107 vorgestellt, was vermutlich auf ein Redesign von vier auf fünf Shader-Clustern zurückzuführen ist (daraus entsteht die Besonderheit, dass der GK106 als einzige Kepler-GPU ein asynchrones Verhältnis von GPC zu den SMX-Blöcken im Vollausbau besitzt). Letztendlich besteht der GK106 aus 2,54 Mrd. Transistoren auf einer Die-Fläche von 214 mm² und verfügt über 960 Streamprozessoren, sowie 80 Textureinheiten.

Die erste Grafikkarte auf Basis des GK106 stellte Nvidia am 13. September 2012 mit der GeForce GTX 660 vor. Die GeForce GTX 660 hatte für Nvidia eine hohe Marktrelevanz, da, nachdem AMD bereits im März 2012 die Radeon HD 7850 und 7870 präsentiert hatte, Nvidia keinerlei konkurrenzfähigen Angebote in dem wichtigen Marktsegment um die 200 € aufweisen konnte. Vermutlich führte diese Situation zum Redesign des GK106, da dieser in seiner ursprünglichen Form mit nur vier Shaderclustern nicht mit der AMD-Konkurrenz mithalten konnte und Nvidia über ein halbes Jahr diesen Marktbereich aufgeben musste. Letztendlich platzierte Nvidia die GeForce GTX 660 sowohl von der Leistung, als auch der Preis, zwischen den AMD-Konkurrenten Radeon HD 7850 und 7870. Die Bewertungen zur GeForce GTX 660 fielen in der Fachpresse sehr unterschiedlich aus, was teilweise darauf zurückzuführen war, dass Nvidia kein Referenzdesign vorgab und somit die Hardwaretester völlig unterschiedliche Testsamples von verschiedenen Boardpartner bekamen, die sich sowohl bei der Performance, aber insbesondere beim Kühlerdesign (und somit der Geräuschentwicklung) unterschieden. Bei der GeForce GTX 660 griff Nvidia erneut auf die asynchrone Speicherbestückung aus 2 GB Vram und einem 192 Bit Speicherinterface zurück. Im Gegensatz zur GeForce GTX 660 Ti, bei welcher teilweise Performanceeinbrüche zu beobachten war, zeigten sich bei 3D-Anwendungen keinerlei Nachteil auf der GeForce GTX 660 durch diese Konfiguration.

Die zweite Grafikkarte auf Basis des GK106 präsentierte Nvidia am 9. Oktober 2012 mit der GeForce GTX 650 Ti. Die Namensgebung sorgte hierbei für Verwirrung, da zuvor bereits eine GeForce GTX 650 eingeführt worden war, die aber auf dem deutlich langsameren GK107-Grafikprozessor basierte. Der GK106 kommt auf der GeForce GTX 650 Ti mit einem deaktivierten Shadercluster daher, womit noch vier aktive Cluster zur Verfügung stehen. Des Weiteren ist das Speicherinterface auf 128 Bit reduziert worden und die GPU-Boost-Funktion fehlte. Nvidia platzierte die Karte gegen die Radeon HD 7770, gegenüber der man eine rund 10 Prozent höhere Performance bei etwas geringerem Stromverbrauch aufweisen konnte. Allerdings setzte Nvidia den Startpreis zu hoch an, was neben der Namensgebung für Kritik sorgte.

Um die relativ große Leistungslücke zwischen der GeForce GTX 660 und der GTX 650 Ti zu schließen und um auf die Radeon HD 7790 von AMD zu reagieren, führte Nvidia am 26. März 2013 die GeForce GTX 650 Ti Boost ein. Entgegen der Namensgebung handelt es sich bei der GeForce GTX 650 Ti Boost weniger um eine aufgebohrte GTX 650 Ti, sondern um eine GeForce GTX 660, bei der ein SMX-Block deaktiviert ist (also noch vier von fünf Shadercluster aktiv sind). Die restlichen Spezifikationen sind mit denen der GeForce GTX 660 identisch. Die Karte erreichte somit eine in etwa die Performance des AMD Konkurrenten Radeon HD 7850.

GK107
Der GK107-Grafikprozessor ist die kleinste GPU der Kepler-Generation. Er verfügt nur über zwei Shadercluster und kommt somit auf 384 Streamprozessoren, sowie 32 Textureinheiten. Der GK107 besteht aus 1,3 Mrd. Transistoren auf einer Die-Fläche von 118 mm². Keine bisher veröffentlichte GK107-Grafikkarte unterstützt die GPU-Boost-Funktion, wobei gegenwärtig unklar ist, ob dieses Feature grundsätzlich vom GK107 nicht unterstützt wird oder Nvidia es bisher nicht aktiviert hat. Den GK107 verwendete Nvidia zunächst nur im Mobilsektor, bevor am 24. April 2012 die GeForce GT 630 und GT 640 vorgestellt wurden. Diese Karten waren, zusammen mit einigen Neuauflagen aus der älteren Fermi-Generation, aber nur für den OEM-Markt vorgesehen. Erst am 5. Juni 2012 stellte Nvidia auch eine GeForce GT 640 für den Retail-Markt vor, die aber in der Fachpresse massiv kritisiert wurde, was auf den zu hohen Preis zurückzuführen war. Am 13. September 2012 folgte dann die verbesserte GeForce GTX 650, bei welcher Nvidia den DDR3- durch schnelleren GDDR5-Speicher ersetzte. Trotz der damit erreichten Performanceverbesserungen, wurde auch diese Karte negativ bewertet, weil sie ebenfalls im Vergleich zur AMD-Konkurrenz zu teuer war.

GK208
Bei dem GK208-Grafikprozessor handelt es sich im weitesten Sinne um eine neue Revision der GK107-GPU mit nur noch einer Rasterpartition. Allerdings hat der Chip 512 kB Cache pro Rasterpartition (also auch 512 kB insgesamt) während es bei GK107 noch 128 kB pro Rasterpartition (insgesamt 256 kB) waren. Auch gibt es tatsächlich nur noch 8 TMUs pro SMX und nicht mehr 16. Zudem werden auch einige neue Compute Features die mit GK110 eingeführt wurden unterstützt (compute capability 3.5 statt 3.0 wie bei den anderen GK10x Chips).

Im Gegensatz zu den restlichen Kepler-GPUs gab Nvidia keinen offiziellen Transistorwert oder Diegröße bekannt (letztere lässt sich mit Hilfe von Die-Screenshots auf rund 90 mm² schätzen). Die GPU wurde zunächst nur im Mobilbereich verbaut, bevor Nvidia am 29. Mai 2013 die zweite Revision der GeForce GT 630 und 640 auf Basis des GK208 vorstellte. Nvidia gibt für den GK208 als einzige Kepler-GPU die offizielle Unterstützung von DirectX 11.1 an, allerdings mit dem "Feature Level 11.0", womit die exakte Supportsituation unklar ist.

Rebranding
Wie bereits bei älteren Grafikkartengenerationen üblich, wiederholte Nvidia bei der GeForce-600-Serie die Praxis, Grafikkarten der älteren Generation unter neuem Namen aufzulegen. Dieses Verfahren, welches in erster Linie für den OEM-Markt praktiziert wird, wird als "Rebranding" bezeichnet. Als erstes legte Nvidia am 3. April 2012 die GeForce 510 und GT 520 als GeForce 605 und GT 620 neu auf. Am 24. April wurde das Verfahren mit der GeForce GT 545 (DDR3) und GTX 555 als GeForce GT 640 und GT 645 wiederholt. Am 15. Mai folgte dann erneut die GeForce GT 520 als GeForce 610, sowie die GeForce GT 430, GT 440 (DDR3) und GT 440 (GDDR5) als GeForce GT 620, GT 630 (DDR3) und GT 630 (GDDR5).

Architektur
Als Grundlage der GeForce-600-Serie dient die neuentwickelte Kepler-Architektur, benannt nach dem deutschen Mathematiker Johannes Kepler, die die bisherige Fermi-Architektur ablöst. Obwohl Nvidia die Kepler-Architektur als Neuentwicklung bezeichnet, stellt diese tatsächlich eine Weiterentwicklung der vorherigen Fermi-Generation dar. Primäre Änderung stellt dabei der Wegfall des "Hot Clock" für die Shadereinheiten bzw. Streamprozessoren dar. Seit der Unified-Architektur des G80-Grafikprozessors verwendete Nvidia einen sogenannten "Hot Clock", mit welchem die Shadereinheiten einen separaten, höheren Takt aufwiesen als die restliche GPU. Damit konnte Nvidia mit weniger Shadereinheiten höhere Leistungen erzielen, allerdings führte dies auch dazu, dass die GPUs eine gegenüber den Grafikprozessoren vom Konkurrenten AMD schlechtere Energieeffizienz aufwiesen. Mit dem Wegfall des "Hot Clock" konnte Nvidia dieses Manko beheben und gleichzeitig mehr Shadereinheiten verbauen, da diese nun weniger Platz auf dem Die benötigen (als imaginäre Rechnung gibt Nvidia an, dass bei einer 10 Prozent geringeren Leistungsaufnahme 80 Prozent mehr Die-Fläche für die Shadereinheiten nutzen zu können).

Unabhängig von den überarbeiteten Streamprozessoren hat Nvidia das "Scheduling" der Rechenbefehle vereinfacht und stärker auf die Software ausgelagert. Des Weiteren ist die Raster-Engine nun in der Lage, sämtliche ROPs pro Takt mit einem Pixel zu versorgen, was auf der Fermi-Generation nicht möglich war.

Der Grundaufbau der Kepler-Architektur ist mit Fermi vergleichbar: Nach wie vor setzen sich die GPUs aus sogenannten "Graphics Processing Clusters", kurz GPC, zusammen (der GK104 besteht als Beispiel aus vier GPCs). Jeder GPC besteht aus zwei Shaderclustern (von Nvidia als SMX-Blöcke bezeichnet), die wiederum jeweils 192 Streamprozessoren sowie Load-and-Store-Einheiten und Special-Function-Units beherbergen. Des Weiteren sind in jedem Shadercluster nun 16 statt vier bis acht Textureinheiten verbaut, die pro Takt ein Pixel adressieren sowie texturieren können. Der Aufbau der Rastereinheiten blieb unverändert: Nach wie vor sind diese in ROP-Cluster aufgeteilt, wobei jeder Cluster acht "Raster Operation Processors" und einen 64-Bit-Speichercontroller beinhaltet.

Eine Besonderheit der Kepler-Architektur stellt die GPU-Boost-Funktion dar. Dabei handelt es sich um eine dynamische Übertaktungsfunktion, die die GPU immer dann höher taktet, wenn ein bestimmtes von Nvidia festgesetztes "Power Target Limit" nicht erreicht wird. Weitere Faktoren sind die Leistungsaufnahme, Temperatur und die anliegenden Ströme. Der Grafikspeicher wird von dieser Funktion nicht beeinflusst.

Datenübersicht

Grafikprozessoren

Modelldaten

Leistungsaufnahmedaten

Anmerkungen

Weblinks

 Produktübersicht auf der Herstellerseite (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Grafikkarte
Grafikchip
Nvidia

Nvidia-GeForce-600-Serie


Marie-Josée Sona Kamitatu, née le  au Congo-Kinshasa, est une femme politique de la République démocratique du Congo, fille aînée de Kamitatu Olivier et la petite-fille de Cléophas Kamitatu et de Justin Marie Bomboko. Elle est sénatrice et ancienne membre du bureau du sénat congolais RDC.

Notes et références

Sénateur de Kinshasa
Femme politique congolaise (RDC)
Naissance en septembre 1987
Naissance à Kinshasa

Marie-Josée Sona Kamitatu


Toshihiko Uchiyama (født 29. april 1989) er en tidligere japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Fukushima United FC.

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Toshihiko Uchiyama (fodboldspiller, født 1989)


Tesla Roadster (2008) je električni sportski kabriolet kojeg je proizvodila američka tvrtka Tesla Motors od 2008. do 2012. godine. Puni s litij-ionskim baterijama.

Ubrzanje od 0 do 100 km/h postiže, ovisno o modelu, za manje od 4 sekunde. S jednim punjenjem može prijeći oko 390 km.

Povijest
Tesla Roadster je predstavljen prvi put 19. srpnja 2006. u Santa Monici, Kalifornija.

Karoserija je, uz preinake, izrađena je na bazi Lotus Elise.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

 www.teslamotors.com

Električni automobili

Tesla Roadster (2008)


An Eremocaulon capitatum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Carl Bernhard von Trinius, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ximena Londoño. An Eremocaulon capitatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Eremocaulon, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Eremocaulon

Eremocaulon capitatum


Lothar Herbert Matthäus (; born 21 March 1961) is a German football pundit, former professional football player and manager. After captaining West Germany to victory in the 1990 FIFA World Cup where he lifted the World Cup trophy, he was awarded the Ballon d'Or. In 1991, he was named the first FIFA World Player of the Year, and remains the only German to have received the award. He was also included in the Ballon d'Or Dream Team in 2020.

Matthäus held the record (alongside Mexican goalkeeper Antonio Carbajal) of having played in five FIFA World Cups (1982, 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1998); more than any other outfield player in men's football, until the 2018 World Cup, in which Mexico's Rafael Márquez equalled his record and 2022 FIFA World Cup in which Portugal's Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi also equalled his record. He also won UEFA Euro 1980, and played in the 1984, 1988 and 2000 UEFA European Championships. In 1999, aged 38, Matthäus was again voted German Footballer of the Year, having previously won the award in 1990.

Matthäus is the most capped German player of all time, retiring with a total of 150 appearances (83 for West Germany) in 20 years, and 23 goals. Matthäus is a member of the FIFA 100 list of the greatest living football players chosen by Pelé. Diego Maradona said of Matthäus, "he is the best rival I've ever had. I guess that's enough to define him", in his book Yo soy el Diego (I am the Diego).

A versatile and complete player, Matthäus is regarded as one of the greatest midfielders of all time, and was renowned for his perceptive passing, positional sense, well-timed tackling, as well as powerful shooting. During his career, he usually played as a box-to-box midfielder, although late in his career he played as a sweeper.

Club career
Lothar Herbert Matthäus was born on 21 March 1961 in Erlangen, Bavaria, West Germany. He spent his early playing days in the youth team of 1. FC Herzogenaurach, located in a small town in Bavaria close to Nuremberg.

Matthäus started his professional career in 1979 with Borussia Mönchengladbach of the Bundesliga, for whom he played until 1984. He then played for Bayern Munich from 1984 to 1988, winning the Bundesliga twice and the DFB-Pokal. They also reached the European Cup final in 1987, leading 1–0 for most of the game until two late goals gave FC Porto the win.

Matthäus and Bayern teammate Andreas Brehme signed with Inter Milan of Serie A in 1988, winning the Scudetto in 1988–89 during their first season, and the Italian Supercup that year as well. Matthäus continued to enjoy further success with Inter, winning the UEFA Cup in 1991 and being named FIFA World Player of the Year. In the final, he scored a penalty in the first leg to help them to their victory over Roma.

Returning to Bayern Munich in 1992, he won four Bundesliga titles, two DFB-Pokals, another UEFA Cup and reached a second European Cup final in 1999. The only major club football honour which eluded Matthäus, for competitions in which he played, was the UEFA Champions League. Famously, he came within two minutes of picking up a winners' medal in 1999, only to have his hopes dashed by Manchester United, who scored two last-minute goals in the final, after he was substituted in the 80th minute of play while the team was still leading 1–0. When the two teams went to collect their medals Matthäus removed his runners-up medal immediately after he received it – it was the second time he had been on the losing side in a final under similar circumstances; in the 1987 final, Bayern had been leading 1–0 most of the game until two late goals gave FC Porto the win. After Matthäus retired, Bayern would win the Champions League in 2000–01 and later that year the Intercontinental Cup. His last official match for Bayern took place in Munich on 8 March 2000 and was a Champions League match against Real Madrid, which Bayern won 4–1.

During the 1999–2000 season, Matthäus moved from Bayern to New York City's MetroStars team of Major League Soccer in the United States. He played in the US from March to October 2000 and retired from professional football afterwards. During his season with the MetroStars, he traveled to St. Tropez when he was supposed to be rehabbing his back.

Matthäus came out of retirement in 2018, at age 57, to play 50 minutes of 1. FC Herzogenaurach's final league game of the season. The team had already secured the league title, and the appearance allowed Matthäus to satisfy his ambition retiring with the club where his career started: "It was always my dream to play my last competitive game here."

International career

Matthäus was first called up to the West Germany national squad in 1980, that won the UEFA Euro 1980 in Italy, making his international debut at the tournament in a game against the Netherlands. He also played two games at the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain; he was brought on as a substitute in group stage games against Chile and the infamous Disgrace of Gijón game versus Austria. West Germany reached the final, losing to Italy at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in Madrid 3–1.

By now, he also had a regular place in the national team for the 1986 World Cup in Mexico, scoring the winner in the round of 16 against Morocco. In the final at the Azteca Stadium in Mexico City, despite his considerable play-making ability, he was assigned by coach Franz Beckenbauer to mark Argentina's Diego Maradona. Maradona did not score in the final, but his pass to Jorge Burruchaga with six minutes left in regulation time set up the winning goal for Argentina, and West Germany lost their second consecutive World Cup final, this time 3–2.

At UEFA Euro 1988 in West Germany, Matthäus captained the team and scored a penalty against the Netherlands (the eventual winners) in the semi-final to give his team a 1–0 lead, but Ronald Koeman leveled the score with a penalty, and then Marco van Basten slid in the winning goal in the final minutes.

His immediate success in Italy's premier football league, the Serie A, was a precursor to the national team which finally managed to triumph at the 1990 FIFA World Cup held in Italy. Six of West Germany's squad played professionally there; Matthäus and the West German squad played most of the World Cup games at Inter's home stadium the San Siro. West Germany was the best team of the tournament and one of the few to choose an attacking style of play, contrary to previous German teams' more defensive style. Matthäus led his squad from midfield and scored four goals, including two against Yugoslavia. He scored the only goal of the quarter-final against Czechoslovakia from a penalty awarded in the 25th minute of the match. West Germany reached its third consecutive final, a rematch against Maradona-led Argentina, and this time Matthäus and his team emerged victorious 1–0 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome thanks to Andreas Brehme converting an 85th minute penalty. Matthäus later said that playing the World Cup in Italy was "like playing a World Cup at home". As team captain, Matthäus hoisted the last World Cup trophy before German reunification in 1990.

He was injured and unable to take part in UEFA Euro 1992 in Sweden; though a reunified Germany made the final but lost 2–0 to surprise Denmark. At the 1994 FIFA World Cup hosted by the United States, he captained the team but now operated as sweeper. He scored a penalty in Germany's quarter-final match against Bulgaria at Giants Stadium in New York City, which was also his record-tying 21st World Cup match, but the Bulgarians scored twice in three minutes to upset the defending champions. USA '94 was expected to be his last tournament, though he did not officially retire from international play. Matthäus was afterwards not called up for the national team, due to feuding with succeeding captain Jürgen Klinsmann and coach Berti Vogts. In his absence Germany won UEFA Euro 1996 which was held in England.

Surprisingly, he was called up for the 1998 World Cup in France as a replacement for the injured sweeper Matthias Sammer. He was on the bench for Germany's victory over the United States, but came in as a substitute against FR Yugoslavia and helped the team to a 2–2 draw. He became the second player to appear in five different World Cup tournaments, tying the record of Mexican goalkeeper Antonio Carbajal. In 2014 the record has also been tied by Italian goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon, who however has only played in four. In 2015 Homare Sawa and Formiga became the first footballers to appear for a record sixth time at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada. Matthäus played in all the rest of Germany's matches until Croatia knocked them out in Lyon 3–0 in the quarterfinals, taking his total to a record 25.

He earned his last three caps at UEFA Euro 2000 in Belgium and the Netherlands, his 150th cap being against Portugal, where Germany had a disastrous first round exit. Matthäus had a poor performance in the first group game against Romania, causing Oliver Bierhoff and other key German players to demand his benching, but head coach Erich Ribbeck stuck by Matthäus.

Coaching career
One year after ending his illustrious playing career, Matthäus went into coaching, an activity where he has, so far, been much less distinguished. In his print interviews and other media appearances, he has been open about his goal and desire to coach in the German Bundesliga. His hope was that taking coaching jobs abroad would lead to offers from German clubs.

When none came his way even after multiple foreign appointments, he often brought it up in the German press in-between his coaching stints. In a lengthy November 2009 Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung interview, Matthäus complained about what he considers to be inadequate treatment he receives in Germany as a former great. He also bemoaned the lack of coaching job offers extended to him in the German Bundesliga—claiming German clubs perceive him as too much of a Bayern supporter and too closely linked with the influential Bild tabloid newspaper to give him a job.

Rapid Wien

His first head coaching experience was at SK Rapid Wien in the Austrian Bundesliga, lasting from 6 September 2001 until 14 May 2002 with mixed results. Matthäus got Rapid Wien to the second round of the UEFA Cup, Round of 16 in the Austrian Cup, and finished in eighth place in Bundesliga.

Partizan
In December 2002, looking to replace their recently sacked head coach Ljubiša Tumbaković, Serbian club FK Partizan hired Matthäus during mid-season winter break, signing the German to an 18-month contract.

Inheriting a team at the top of the league table, Matthäus achieved the immediate goal of steering Partizan to the 2002–03 league title; and did so in convincing fashion, extending the lead over the second-placed cross-town rivals Red Star Belgrade to 19 points at one point.

The German's finest hour with the club, however, came in August 2003 when Partizan eliminated Newcastle United in the Champions League third qualifying round to reach the 2003–04 competition's group stage. Following the first leg 0–1 loss at home, the cause seemed lost, however, Partizan improbably triumphed 0–1 away at St. James' Park against the third-placed English Premier League club, taking the tie to penalties. The penalty series brought further dramatic changes of momentum before right back Milivoje Ćirković's successful spot-kick in the seventh penalty round finally put Partizan through. Matthäus notably had his back turned to the pitch as couldn't bear to watch the drama of Ćirković's penalty. Drawn in a tough group with Real Madrid, eventual champions FC Porto, and Olympique de Marseille, Partizan finished last thus missing out on the UEFA Cup spot.

On 13 December 2003, right after finishing the final league match of the first half of the season before the winter break (0–1 win away at FK Železnik), Matthäus abruptly resigned his Partizan post by addressing the players and club leadership in private. A club spokesperson said Matthäus would clear everything up at a press conference scheduled for two days later, but it was already widely speculated through reports in the Hungarian press that the German had agreed terms with the Hungarian Football Federation to coach the Hungary national team. The rumours proved true as he officially signed the contract in Budapest and also got introduced to the media at Kempinski Hotel Corvinus.

Four months after leaving Belgrade, in mid-April 2004, the row over the terms of Matthäus' contract with Partizan was opened with both parties publicly going back and forth at each other. It began with Matthäus, by now Hungarian national team head coach, giving a detailed interview to Serbian press and accusing Partizan club leadership of breaching the additional terms of his contract. It became known on that occasion that his initial contract with Partizan that had been finalized on 1 January 2003 included a base guaranteed part as well additional premium clauses giving him between 5–10% from players' transfers and shirt sponsorships as well as Champions League bonus incentives. Matthäus claimed that after none of that was honoured he gave up on asking for his percentages of the Danko Lazović and Zvonimir Vukić transfers as well as Superfund shirt sponsorship deal due to "not wanting to upset the team atmosphere during Champions League qualifying", but instead pushed for the additional terms to be renegotiated. After successful Champions League qualification, the additional terms were in fact renegotiated with Partizan's general secretary Žarko Zečević so that both parties agreed to put the previous additional terms out of effect and instead now give Matthäus 15% of Igor Duljaj's (the club's best young asset at the time) future transfer abroad as well as to allow Matthäus to leave the club any time he wanted without penalties. Duljaj was sold to Shakhtar Donetsk in January 2004 for US$4 million, and Matthäus claimed Partizan failed to pay him the agreed percentage ($600,000 or €469,500). The club responded two days later in a lengthy press release saying that they don't owe him any money. One day after that, Matthäus decided to sue Partizan for the amount of US$600,000 before Sports Arbitration Court in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Hungary national team
Matthäus became manager of the Hungary national football team on 14 December 2003. Taking over the national team of a country once synonymous with world class football that had over the decades in the meantime fallen to the point of being unable to qualify for a major competition since the 1986 FIFA World Cup, Matthäus was given the task of qualifying for the 2006 World Cup as part of the Hungarian Football Federation's (MLSZ) ambitious plan of returning on the path of former 1950s glory. After being drawn in a tough group with Sweden, Croatia and Bulgaria that goal looked increasingly difficult.

The campaign started in the autumn of 2004 and fairly quickly it became obvious Hungary were in over their heads. Opening 3–0 loss away at Croatia in early September was somewhat offset four days later by a 3–2 hard fought home win versus Iceland. A month later, Matthäus' Hungary faced another important test away from home, this time at Sweden and once again it finished in disappointment with another demoralizing 3–0 loss. Before the winter break, Hungary managed to beat the minnows of the group Malta thus finishing the autumn part of the qualifying in fourth place with six points, mathematically still within striking distance of the leading trio. Notable was a 2–0 win in a friendly in Kaiserslautern against Germany on 6 June 2004.

As the qualifiers resumed in late March 2005, Hungary hosted Bulgaria in what was pretty much a must win match for Matthäus' squad, however they only managed a draw right at the end with the goal coming in 90th minute for a 1–1 final scoreline. As Croatia and Sweden both won on the same occasion, the leading duo of teams now tangibly separated themselves from the pack of chasers, all of which meant that in order to qualify Hungary would have to win all its remaining fixtures and even get some outside help in terms of favourable results elsewhere. Such improbable scenario failed to materialize and they ended up in fourth place with 14 points from 10 matches, well behind Croatia and Sweden who earned 25 and 24 points, respectively. However, Matthäus was allowed to finish out the campaign behind the bench, and was even offered Hungarian citizenship, which he at the time said he would accept. There's no word whether he actually did. Matthäus left the Hungarian national team on 11 January 2006.

After leaving the Hungary post, Matthäus was vocally critical of the Hungarian Football Federation (MLSZ), accusing it in November 2007 of "not contributing, but exploiting Hungarian football" before adding that "it is not coincidental that the Hungarian bid to host Euro 2012 didn't receive any votes".

Atlético Paranaense
Matthäus signed a one-year contract to coach Brazilian club Atlético Paranaense from the city of Curitiba on 11 January 2006. However, after only seven matches in charge (five wins, two draws) from the start of the 2006 Paraná state championship he quit the club in March 2006 citing the need to be closer to his family. The way he left raised some questions about his professionalism. Apparently, only five weeks after signing a contract he informed club officials about a need to rush back to Europe in order to deal with an urgent personal problem, but assured them he'd be back in 3–4 days. After missing for two weeks, he faxed in his resignation on 20 March and never even went back to Brazil to pick up his personal belongings. Some ten days later, Atlético put out a release mentioning that Matthäus ran up R$13,000 (US$5,915) in phone charges that the club wanted him to pay. The club even posted the bill on their website.

Red Bull Salzburg
On 19 May 2006, only two months following the bizarre Brazilian episode, Matthäus was announced as coach of Red Bull Salzburg (formerly Austria Salzburg) for the upcoming 2006–07 season. Shortly, the club also signed Giovanni Trapattoni (incidentally Matthäus' former coach at both Inter Milan and Bayern) to be their director of football. In practice, this meant that Trapattoni and Matthäus essentially shared coaching duties.

Despite co-leading the team to the Austrian league title by a large margin, Matthäus would eventually be fired on 12 June 2007 by unanimous decision of the Red Bull Salzburg's board of directors.

Maccabi Netanya
On 13 April 2008, it was announced that Matthäus signed with Israeli club Maccabi Netanya to coach the team from the beginning of the 2008–09 season.

On 29 April 2009, with the Israeli league season still ongoing and Netanya sitting in fourth place, it was announced that Matthäus will not be back for the second season once the current one is finished. The reason cited was the financial trouble that the club was going through. Matthäus' club finished the league season in fourth spot.

Bulgaria national team

On 23 September 2010, it was announced that Matthäus would be the new coach of the Bulgarian national team after the resignation of Stanimir Stoilov a few weeks earlier. His contract was for one year with the option for a two-year extension.

He started with a 1–0 win against Wales in Cardiff on his debut. Matthäus led Bulgaria to their first win in 2010 and in the UEFA Euro 2012 qualification campaign. On 12 October 2010, he led Bulgaria to a 2–0 win over Saudi Arabia in a friendly. On 17 November 2010, in a friendly played in Sofia, Bulgaria lost to Serbia 0–1. Despite winning his first match in the qualifiers against Wales, Bulgaria under Matthäus were unable to qualify for Euro 2012, following draws with Switzerland and Montenegro, as well as a home loss against England. On 19 September 2011, it was revealed that Matthäus had been sacked. The match against Switzerland was his final match.

In April 2018, he was one of 77 applicants for the vacant Cameroon national team job.

Columnist and TV pundit

From 2001 until 2009, in parallel and in-between his coaching jobs, Matthäus wrote a column for the German weekly sports magazine Sport Bild.

He also worked as in-studio TV pundit on a variety of television networks during big football competitions: for the German pay television channel Premiere during the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups, for the German channel ZDF during UEFA Euro 2004, for Eurosport during UEFA Euro 2008, for the Arabian network Al Jazeera Sports during the 2010 FIFA World Cup, for the Iranian channel IRIB during the 2014 FIFA World Cup and 2015 AFC Asian Cup, and for the British TV network ITV during UEFA Euro 2016. Since the 2012–13 Bundesliga season, he worked as an expert for the Pay TV broadcaster Sky Deutschland.

He has further participated in a special É Campeão for the Brazilian channel SporTV.

Style of play

Renowned for his positioning, technical ability, stamina, passing and long range shooting abilities, Matthäus is widely considered by many to be one of the greatest and most complete midfielders of all time, and even by some as one of the greatest players of all time. Primarily a box-to-box midfielder, he was also capable of playing as an attacking midfielder or defensive midfielder.

Journalist Jacques Thibert, writing for France Football, who awarded Matthäus the 1990 Ballon d'Or, described him as a player that despite not being sublime in anything individually, was good in every aspect of the game, which allowed him to be at ease in every area of the pitch. Furthermore, Thibert credited his Inter manager Giovanni Trapattoni for turning him into a more creative, assertive and rhythmic player. At Inter under Trapattoni, Matthäus excelled in a free role in a three-man midfield, with either Gianfranco Matteoli or Sergio Battistini serving as defensive midfielder and Nicola Berti as a box-to-box.

Well into his 30's and coupled with injuries led to then Germany national team manager Berti Vogts's decision to convert Matthäus into a sweeper, a position that he would later play at his final five years in Bayern. As a sweeper, Matthäus enjoyed great freedom, as he could defend and do offensive runs into the opposing team's defensive area, and also exert influence into Bayern's attacking game. Aside from his passing and long range shooting abilities, Matthäus was also an expert free kick and penalty taker. In addition to his footballing skills, Matthäus was also praised for his winning mentality, determination and commanding presence on the pitch.

Personal life
Lothar Matthäus was born to Heinz (1930–2019) and Katharina (1931–2020) Matthäus. His father who was born in southern Silesia, fled west across the Oder during the Soviet invasion in 1944, then worked as a canteen manager, while his mother worked for Puma.

He has four children, and has been married five times. During his first marriage that lasted from 1981 until 1992, wife Silvia gave birth to two daughters Alisa (born 1986) and Viola (born 1988). In 1994, he married Swiss model and TV presenter Lolita Morena with whom he had a son, Loris (born 1992). The marriage ended in 1999.

While coaching FK Partizan in Belgrade, he met 31-year-old Serbian socialite Marijana Kostić who became his third wife on 27 November 2003. That was her second marriage. By late 2007, the couple separated and she filed for divorce. Their divorce became official in late January 2009 following the conclusion of a year-long court case in Salzburg, Austria (their last residence) over the division of assets.

In December 2008, 47-year-old Matthäus married 21-year-old Ukrainian model Kristina Liliana Chudinova. The ceremony was held in Las Vegas. They met a year earlier at the Oktoberfest beer festival in Munich. The couple lived in Tel Aviv, Israel, where Liliana studied journalism in a local university; but started living separately by early 2010.

Matthäus and Anastasia Klimko have a son, Milan (born April 2014). The marriage ended in 2021.

Media appearances
Matthäus features in EA Sports' FIFA video game series; he was on the cover of the German edition of FIFA 2001, and features in the FIFA 14, FIFA 15, FIFA 16, FIFA 17, FIFA 18, FIFA 19 and FIFA 20 as an Ultimate Team Legend. Matthäus was also prominently featured in the opening video scene of EA's Euro 2000 video game, with Paul Oakenfold transforming the real Matthäus into an interactive digital player he controls in the game with his turntables. In August 2019, Matthäus became the face of turn-based football management game Football, Tactics & Glory; he does not actually appear in the game itself.

Matthäus had a guest role together with Joanna Tuczyńska in the television series Alarm für Cobra 11 – Die Autobahnpolizei, in which he played himself in March 2012. In June 2012, VOX broadcast a documentary titled "Lothar – immer am Ball".

Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list West Germany's and Germany's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Matthäus goal

Managerial statistics

Honours

Bayern Munich
 Bundesliga: 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1998–99
 DFB-Pokal: 1985–86, 1997–98
 DFB-Ligapokal: 1997, 1998, 1999
 DFB-Supercup: 1987
 UEFA Cup: 1995–96
UEFA Champions League runner up: 1986–87, 1998–99

Inter Milan
 Serie A: 1988–89
 UEFA Cup: 1990–91

MetroStars
 MLS Eastern Division Champion: 2000

Germany
 FIFA World Cup: 1990
 UEFA European Championship: 1980
 U.S. Cup: 1993

Individual
 Ballon d'Or: 1990
 IFFHS World's Best Player: 1990
 World Soccer Awards Player of the Year: 1990
 FIFA World Player of the Year: 1991
 FIFA World Cup Silver Ball: 1990
 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 1990
 UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 1988
 Onze d'Or: 1990
 Onze de bronze: 1991
 Footballer of the Year (Germany): 1990, 1999
 Goal of the Year (Germany): 1990, 1992
 kicker Bundesliga Team of the Season: 1982–83, 1984–85, 1987–88, 1992–93, 1993–94
 Pirata d'Oro (Inter Milan Player of the Year): 1991
 MLS All-Star: 2000
 FIFA XI: 1996, 1997, 2001
 FIFA 100
 Golden Foot legends award: 2012
 IFFHS Legends
 Inter Milan Hall of Fame: 2018
 Bayern Munich All-time XI
 Ballon d'Or Dream Team: 2020
 IFFHS All-time Men's B Dream Team: 2021

See also
List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps
FIFA World Cup awards

References

External links

1961 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Erlangen
Footballers from Middle Franconia
German men's footballers
Men's association football sweepers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football utility players
Borussia Mönchengladbach players
FC Bayern Munich footballers
Inter Milan players
New York Red Bulls players
Bundesliga players
Serie A players
Major League Soccer players
Major League Soccer All-Stars
UEFA Cup winning players
World Soccer Magazine World Player of the Year winners
FIFA World Player of the Year winners
Ballon d'Or winners
Germany men's under-21 international footballers
Germany men's B international footballers
Germany men's international footballers
UEFA Euro 1980 players
1982 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 1984 players
1986 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 1988 players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
1994 FIFA World Cup players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
1999 FIFA Confederations Cup players
UEFA Euro 2000 players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
FIFA Men's Century Club
FIFA 100
German expatriate men's footballers
German expatriate sportspeople in Italy
German expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
German football managers
SK Rapid Wien managers
FK Partizan managers
Hungary national football team managers
Club Athletico Paranaense managers
FC Red Bull Salzburg managers
Maccabi Netanya F.C. managers
Bulgaria national football team managers
Austrian Football Bundesliga managers
Serbian SuperLiga managers
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A managers
Israeli Premier League managers
German expatriate football managers
German expatriate sportspeople in Austria
German expatriate sportspeople in Serbia
German expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
German expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
German expatriate sportspeople in Israel
German expatriate sportspeople in Bulgaria
Expatriate football managers in Austria
Expatriate football managers in Serbia
Expatriate football managers in Hungary
Expatriate football managers in Brazil
Expatriate football managers in Israel
Expatriate football managers in Bulgaria
West German expatriate men's footballers
West German expatriate sportspeople in Italy
West German men's footballers

Lothar Matthäus


Kristy este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Sobrance din regiunea Košice. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 304 locuitori.

Istoric
Localitatea Kristy este atestată documentar din 1333.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Kristy, Slovacia


Rob Walker Racing Team bila je privatna momčad u Formuli 1. Momčad je osnovana 1953., te je najuspješnija privatna momčad u povijesti Formule 1, koja je pobjeđivala bez da je ikada izradila svoj vlastiti bolid.

Pobjede u Formuli 1

Momčadi Formule 1
Formula 1 u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu

Rob Walker Racing Team


Streženice este o comună slovacă, aflată în districtul Púchov din regiunea Trenčín. Localitatea se află la , se întinde pe o suprafață de  și în 2017 număra 997 de locuitori. Se învecinează cu comuna Púchov.

Istoric
Localitatea Streženice este atestată documentar din 1408.

Note

Legături externe

Localități din Slovacia

Streženice