Kouzmolovski () est une Commune urbaine du raïon de Vsevolojsk de l'oblast de Léningrad, en Russie.

Géographie
Kouzmolovski se trouve à 20 km au nord-nord-est du centre de Saint-Pétersbourg et à près de 10 km de la Ceinture périphérique de Saint-Pétersbourg .

Population
Recensements (*) ou estimations de la population

Références

Voir aussi

Liens externes

Articles connexes

Raïon de Vsevolojsk
Commune urbaine dans l'oblast de Léningrad

Kouzmolovski


الميكويان ميج-29 إس.إم.تي (روسي: Микоян МиГ-33) (لقب الناتو: "Fulcrum-E") هي نسخة مطورة ومحدثة من المقاتلة ميج-29. للإس.إم.تي مدى أبعد من الميج-29 كما أنها تعد مقاتلة متعددة المهام.

التطوير والتصميم
لم يكن للميج-29 العادية قدرات مميزة في الهجوم الأرضي سوى إلقاء القنابل والصواريخ غير الموجهة. أما الإس.إم.تي فمزودة برادار طراز «چوك» الذي أعطاها القدرة على إطلاق الصواريخ جو-أرض على الأهداف الأرضية. كما أن من ضمن عيوب الميج-29 الرئيسية هي قصر مداها القتالي، فعدلت الطرازات المطورة منها وخصوصا الإس.إم.تي لتحمل وقوداً أكثر. تظهر الميج-29 إس.إم.تي قدرات جديدة على استهداف وضرب الأهداف الجوية والأرضية بواسطة الصواريخ الموجهة جو-جو وجو-أرض مما جعلها تجمع بين دوري المقاتلة متعددة المهام والمقاتلة-القاذفة.

تعد الميج-29 إس.إم.تي تحديثا مباشرا للميج-29 كمقاتلة الصف الأول. للإس.إم.تي مدى أبعد نظرا لقدرتها الأكبر على حمل الوقود وتجهيزها بنظام للتزود بالوقود جواً. كما تم زيادة عمر الطائرة والمحرك بشكل كبير وتم تخفيض تكاليف صيانة الطائرة وطاقم العمل المطلوب لذلك.

يعد الاختلاف الرئيسي لهذه الطائرة والميزة الأساسية عن الميج-29 هي قدرتها على التعامل مع الأهداف الجوية والأرضية والبحرية باستخدام صواريخ موجهة عالية الدقة، مما جعلها مقاتلة متعددة المهام تجمع بين وظائف مقاتلة التفوق الجوي والمقاتلة القاذفة.

التسليح
بنيت أنظمة الميج-29 إس.إم.تي على أساس الرادار المتطور «زهوك» المتعدد المهام والذي يستطيع تحديد الأهداف الجوية والأرضية. كما يستطيع الطيار باستخدام نظام هوتاس التحكم في الطائرة واستهداف العدو وإطلاق الأسلحة دون الحاجة لأن يرفع يده عن عصا التحكم.

لدى الميج-29 إس.إم.تي 6 أماكن تحت الأجنحة لحمل الأسلحة بالإضافة إلى مكان في بطن الطائرة. وتستطيع حمل 5,000 كجم من الحمولة الخارجية، بما فيها الصاروخ جو-جو قصير المدى فيمبل أر-73 الموجهة بالأشعة تحت الحمراء، الصاروخ جو-جو متوسط المدى الفيمبل أر-77 ذو التوجيه النشط بالرادار، الصاروخ جو-جو متوسط المدى فيمبل أر-27 ذو التوجيه الشبه نشط بالرادار.

المستخدمون

 القوات الجوية الروسية تملك 28 طائرة ميغ-29 أس إم تي و 6 طائرات من نوع ميغ-29 يو بي تي.

 تملك القوات الجوية الهندية عددا من طائرات ميغ-29 وتقوم بتحديثها إلى ميغ-29 إس إم تي.

القوات المسلحة المصرية اشترت عدد 50 من مقاتلات MiG-29M و MiG-29M2 القوات المسلحة

اشترت القوات المسلحة الجزائرية سربًا من 14 مقاتلة MiG 29M2.

التصدير المحتمل للبلدان
سيتم تسليم القوات الجوية السورية عدد 24 طائرة ميغ29إم/إم2إس، حسبما ذكرت صحيفة جيروزليم بوست الإسرائيلية

مصادر

وصلات خارجية
 MiG-29M/M2 and MiG-29SMT, upgraded MiG-29UB pages on the official Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG site
 MiG-29M/M2 on globalsecurity.org

طائرات عسكرية 1990–1999
طائرات مقاتلة سوفيتية 1980–1989
طائرات مقاتلة متعددة المهام
طائرات ميكويان
طائرات نفاثة ثنائية المحركات

ميكويان ميج-29 إم


Der Gran Premio della Liberazione (dt.: Großer Preis der Befreiung) ist ein italienisches Straßenradrennen, das seit 1946 an jedem 25. April auf einem Rundkurs an den Caracalla-Thermen in Rom ausgetragen wird.

Bedeutung
Der Name und der Termin des Rennens verweisen auf den italienischen Nationalfeiertag Anniversario della Liberazione (dt.: Jahrestag der Befreiung), an dem die italienische Republik die Befreiung vom Faschismus im Jahr 1945 feiert.

Diese symbolische Bedeutung des Rennens übersteigt die formale sportliche Wertigkeit. So wird das Rennen, welches bis 2004 Amateuren vorbehalten war und seit der Einführung der Einheitslizenz 2005 als U23-Nachwuchsrennen in UCI-Kategorie 1.2U veranstaltet wird, wie sonst nur Profirennen regelmäßig vom italienischen Staatsfernsehen RAI live übertragen.

Unter den Siegern des Rennens finden sich zahlreiche Fahrer, die später im internationalen Radsport sehr erfolgreich waren, etwa 1985 der spätere Sieger des Giro d'Italia und zweimalige Straßenweltmeister Gianni Bugno oder der Sieger von Mailand–Sanremo 2011, Mathew Goss, der hier 2006 gewann.

Die Länge des Rennens betrug im Jahr 2012 138 km. Die Streckenlänge variierte in den ausgetragenen Rennen zwischen 98 bis 182 Kilometern. Es wurde auf einem Rundkurs von ca. 6 km ausgetragen. Damit gilt es als Rundstreckenrennen.

Veranstalter ist der Velo Club Primavera Ciclistica, welcher auch das Nachwuchs-Etappenrennen Giro delle Regioni ausrichtete.

Sieger

Weblinks
 Offizielle Website

Einzelnachweise

Eintagesrennen
Straßenradrennen in Italien
Sport (Rom)

Gran Premio della Liberazione


Bold Ruler (1954-1971), est un cheval de course pur-sang américain. Cheval de l'année aux États-Unis en 1957, membre du Hall of Fame, c'est un étalon majeur au  siècle, père notamment du crack Secretariat.

Carrière de course
Élevé à Claiborne Farm à Paris, Kentucky, par Ogden Phipps pour le compte de Wheatley Stable, l'écurie fondée par sa mère Gladys Mills et son oncle Ogden Mills, Bold Ruler est né au même endroit et la même nuit que l'un de ses futur rivaux Round Table, qu'il retrouvera dans ce même haras une fois leur carrière de course achevée. Ce grand et puissant poulain toisant 165 cm fait partie à la génération 1954, qui passe pour l'une des plus brillantes de l'histoire, puisqu'y appartiennent pas moins de trois membre du Hall of Fame : Bold Ruler, Gallant Man et Round Table.

Entraîné par Sunny Jim Fitzsimmons, l'un des plus grands entraîneurs de l'histoire (il fut le mentor notamment de Seabiscuit), et monté par Eddie Arcaro (le jockey le plus titré dans les classiques américains) Bold Ruler remporte ses sept de ses neuf sorties à 2 ans, s'adjugeant les importants Youthful Stakes, Juvenile Stakes et the Futurity Stakes. Mais, gêné par de petits problèmes de santé, il échoua complètement dans les Garden State Stakes, laissant la victoire et le titre de 2 ans de l'année à Barbizon.

Bold Ruler revient à la compétition en Floride, avec pour objectif la Triple Couronne au printemps. Ses quatre premières courses se résument à un duel avec l'excllent Gen. Duke : à toi, à moi, deux victoires chacun, Gen. Duke empoche le Florida Derby en battant le record du monde sur 1 800 m, Bold Ruler les Flamingo Stakes avec le record de la course en prime. En avril, il défait d'un nez Gallant Man dans les Wood Memorial Stakes, cette fois en s'offrant le record de la piste d'Aqueduct, près de New York. Gen. Duke forfait dans le Kentucky Derby, c'est Bold Ruler qui se présente en favori d'une course assez folklorique : tandis que Bold Ruler fait les bras à son jockey Eddie Arcaro et s'essouffle pour finir quatrième, Bill Shoemaker, en selle sur Gallant Man, se trompe de poteau alors qu'il a course gagnée, se relève un instant, et laisse Iron Liege filer vers la victoire. Round Table est troisième. Après la course, Fitzsimmons révèle que Bold Ruler a eu mal à la bouche durant la course, et se résout à lui attacher la langue. Quant à Arcaro, il se résout, lui, à ne plus se battre avec son partenaire et le laisser galoper à sa guise. Résultat : Bold Ruler prend les devants dans les Preakness Stakes et s'impose de deux longueurs devant Iron Liege et Inside Tract. De quoi nourrir de rétrospectifs regrets quant à la performance dans le Derby. Dans le dernier volet de la Triple Couronne, les Belmont Stakes, Bold Ruler s'avoue vaincu surtout par la distance, mais, épuisé, conserve une méritoire troisième place derrière Gallant Man et Inside Tract. Gallant Man vient de pulvériser le record mondial des 2 400 mètres ; ce record tiendra jusqu'à la légendaire victoire de Secretariat dans cette même course en 1973.

Après cette première partie de saison chargée et mouvementée, Bold Ruler prend quelques vacances et soigne ses bobos. On le retrouve en septembre et il enchaîne victoire sur victoire, n'était son échec assez cuisant dans les Woodward Stakes face au 4 ans Dedicate et à Gallant Man, souvent dans d'excellents chronos. Il court les meilleurs handicaps du pays, souvent écrasé de plomb, et remporte entre autres le Vosburgh Handicap, le Queens County Handicap ou le Benjamin Franklin Handicap, de 12 longueurs. À l'issue de cette dernière course le grand Bill Hartack, jockey du troisième, aura ce mot célèbre : "Je ne sais pas si Bold Ruler est bon, je ne l'ai pas vu d'assez près". Malgré les dix victoires en quinze sorties de Bold Ruler, la question de la suprématie sur cette exceptionnelle génération n'est pas tranchée et le poulain est toujours considéré comme le troisième larron derrière Gallant Man et Round Table, qui a empilé les victoires en Californie puis sur la Côte Est. La question doit être tranchée pour de bon dans le Trenton Handicap, où les trois poulains se retrouvent sans autres adversaires. Et c'est Bold Ruler qui l'emporte, nettement, devant Gallant Man et Round Table. C'est cette course qui décide du titre de Cheval de l'année, Bold Ruler récoltant 16 voix contre 9 pour Gallant Man et 4 pour Dedicate.

En 1958, Bold Ruler remporte cinq de ses sept courses, ferraillant deux fois avec son vieux copain Gallant Man. Il le domine dans le Carter Handicap, mais c'est Gallant Man qui a le dernier mot dans le Metropolitan Handicap. Dans le Monmouth Handicap, Bold Ruler s'impose avec une apparente facilité face à Sharpsburg, mais Fitzsimmons déclare que son cheval a eu une course dure. Et dans ce qui sera sa dernière apparition sur un hippodrome, au cœur de l'été new-yorkais, Bold Ruler sombre dans le Brooklyn Handicap, gêné il est vrai par Sharpsburg, qui sera d'ailleurs disqualifié. Mais il s'agissait peut-être de la course de trop et, trois semaines plus tard, Fitzsimmons annonce que le champion ne sera peut-être plus revu en piste en raison d'une blessure contractée, il ne le sait, dans le Brooklyn Handicap ou à l'entraînement. Bien qu'il ait disputé seulement deux courses sous le mile, Bold Ruler se voit étrangement sacré Sprinter de l'année, et s'en va au haras. Il sera honoré à titre posthume par une introduction au Hall of Fame des courses américaines en 1973, et figure au  rang dans la liste des 100 meilleurs chevaux de sport hippique américain du  siècle établie par le magazine Blood-Horse, deux rangs derrière Round Table, tandis que Gallant Man est classé .

Résumé de carrière

Au haras
En 1959, Bold Ruler prend ses quartiers d'étalon à Claiborne Farm, d'où il va régner sur l'élevage américain durant de longues années. Ses huit titres de tête de liste des étalons (de 1963 à 1969, puis en 1973) sont un record au  siècle. Il est bien sûr le père de Secretariat, l'un, sinon le meilleur cheval américain du siècle, mais fut surtout reconnu pour sa capacité à transmettre de la précocité et fut six fois tête de liste des pères de 2 ans, un autre record. Il eut 366 produits, et parmi eux 240 vainqueurs (65, 6 %), 82 lauréats de stakes (22,4 %), deux membres du Hall of Fame (Gamely et Secretariat) et onze lauréats d'au moins un titre de champion :

 Lamb Chop - Pouliche de 3 ans de l'année (1963)
 Bold Lad - Poulain de 2 ans de l'année (1964)
 Queen Empress - Pouliche de 2 ans de l'année (1964)
 Bold Bidder - Cheval d'âge de l'année (1966)
 Successor - Poulain de 2 ans de l'année (1966)
 Vitriolic - Poulain de 2 ans de l'année (1967)
 Queen of the Stage - Pouliche de 2 ans de l'année (1967)
 Gamely - Pouliche de  3 ans de l'année (1967), Jument d'âge de l'année (1968, 1969), membre du Hall of Fame.
 Secretariat - Vainqueur de la Triple Couronne, Poulain de 2 ans de l'année (1972), Poulain de 3 ans de l'année (1973), Cheval de l'année (1972, 1973)
 Wajima - Poulain de 3 ans de l'année (1975)
 Bold Lad, 2 ans de l'année en Angleterre (1966)

Son immense influence au stud, Bold Ruler la doit surtout à ses fils tant il fut un formidable père d'étalons. Et si sa descendance patrilinéaire faillit s'éteindre dans les années 80, elle fut réveillée par le crack Seattle Slew, lui-même père de A.P. Indy. Ainsi en 2014, le petit-fils de A.P. Indy California Chrome, en remportant le Kentucky Derby et les Preakness Stakes, devint le seizième poulain descendant en lignée mâle de Bold Ruler à remporter un ou plusieurs des trois classiques américains. Et un autre fils de A.P. Indy, Tapit, a définitivement relancé cette lignée en s'accaparant trois titres de tête de liste des étalons.

Bold Ruler meurt le 12 juillet 1971, victime d'un cancer des sinus.

Origines
Bold Ruler est le chef-d'œuvre du grand étalon Nasrullah, fleuron de l'élevage de l'Aga Khan III, meilleur poulain d'Angleterre à 2 ans en 1942, d'abord étalon dans son pays natal, l'Irlande, d'où il conquit un titre de tête de liste des étalons dans les îles britanniques (1951), puis acquis par Claiborne Farm où il fut cinq fois tête de liste entre 1955 et 1962. Son influence, prépondérante, ne passe toutefois pas seulement par Bold Ruler, puisqu'il est aussi l'aïeul paternel de Blushing Groom, Mill Reef ou encore Riverman, et le père du crack Nashua, père de mère de l'incontournable Mr. Prospector.

Miss Disco, la mère de Bold Ruler, était une sprinteuse tenace, qui disputa quelque 54 courses jusqu'à ses 7 ans. Elle fit le bonheur de Claiborne Farm en donnant, outre Bold Ruler, Hill Rose (par Rosemont), mère de True North, vainqueur de l'important Widener Handicap, Independance (Nasrullah), qui s'illustra sur le steeple-chase en remportant l'American Grand National et Foolish One (par Tom Fool), qui donna à son tour les bons Funny Fellow (lauréat entre autres du Donn Handicap) et Protanto (Whitney Handicap).

Pedigree

Notes et références

Cheval de course
Cheval de course né en 1954
Animal né aux États-Unis
Animal né en 1954
Animal mort en 1971
Étalon pur-sang anglais
Cheval de l'année aux États-Unis
Membre d'un Hall of Fame des courses hippiques

Bold Ruler


Ih! siger den lille bamse er en dansk  børnefilm fra 2007, der er instrueret af Maria Mac Dalland efter manuskript af Thomas Winding.

Handling
Filmen er baseret på Thomas Windings historier og farverige illustrationer om de daglige gøremål hos Bamsefamilien i det lille hus på bakken. Om at lede efter nøglen, som er blevet væk, da de skal på stranden. Om at blive inde i strandkanten og finde sten, mens Bamsefar og Bamsemor viser hinanden, hvor dygtige de er til at plaske. Om at falde i søvn på stranden. Og om at digte en strandsang, om at finde en lille sten og et sneglehus. Og en nattesang om at være en stjerne på himlen inden Bamsefamilien lægger sig til at sove i de tre blå senge i det lille hus.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Børnefilm fra Danmark
Danske film fra 2007

Ih! siger den lille bamse


The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 is a US labor law governing the federal law of occupational health and safety in the private sector and federal government in the United States. It was enacted by Congress in 1970 and was signed by President Richard Nixon on December 29, 1970. Its main goal is to ensure that employers provide employees with an environment free from recognized hazards, such as exposure to toxic chemicals, excessive noise levels, mechanical dangers, heat or cold stress, or unsanitary conditions. The Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

The Act can be found in the United States Code at title 29, chapter 15.

History of federal workplace safety legislation
Few workplace health and safety protections were available through the federal government before the passage of OSHA. The American system of mass production encouraged the use of machinery, while the statutory regime did nothing to protect workplace safety. For most employers, it was cheaper to replace a dead or injured worker than it was to introduce safety measures. Tort law provided little recourse for relief for the survivors of dead workers or for injured employees. After the Civil War, some improvements were made through the establishment of state railroad and factory commissions, the adoption of new technology (such as the railway air brake), and more widespread availability of life insurance.  But the overall impact of these improvements was minimal.

The first federal safety legislation was enacted in the Progressive period. In 1893, Congress passed the Safety Appliance Act, the first federal statute to require safety equipment in the workplace (the law applied only to railroad equipment, however). In 1910, in response to a series of highly publicized and deadly mine explosions and collapses, Congress established the United States Bureau of Mines to conduct research into mine safety (although the Bureau had no authority to regulate mine safety). Backed by trade unions, many states also enacted workers' compensation laws which discouraged employers from permitting unsafe workplaces. These laws, as well as the growing power of labor unions and public anger toward poor workplace safety, led to significant reductions in worker accidents for a time.

Industrial production increased significantly in the United States during World War II, and industrial accidents soared. Winning the war took precedence over safety, and most labor unions were more concerned with maintaining wages in the face of severe inflation than with workplace health and safety. After the war ended, however, workplace accident rates remained high and began to rise.  In the two years preceding OSHA's enactment, 14,000 workers died each year from workplace hazards, and another 2 million were disabled or harmed. Additionally, the "chemical revolution" introduced a vast array of new chemical compounds to the manufacturing environment.  The health effects of these chemicals were poorly understood, and workers received few protections against prolonged or high levels of exposure. While a few states, such as California and New York, had enacted workplace safety as well as workplace health legislation, most states had not changed their workplace protection laws since the turn of the century.

Passage

In the mid-1960s, growing awareness of the environmental impact of many chemicals had led to a politically powerful environmental movement. Some labor leaders seized on the public's growing unease over chemicals in the environment, arguing that the effect of these compounds on worker health was even worse than the low-level exposure plants and animals received in the wild. On January 23, 1968, President Lyndon B. Johnson submitted a comprehensive occupational health and safety bill to Congress. Led by the United States Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers, the legislation was widely opposed by business. Many labor leaders, including the leadership of the AFL–CIO, supported the legislation, including testifying in support at congressional hearings. The legislation died in committee.

On April 14, 1969, President Richard Nixon introduced two bills into Congress which would have also protected worker health and safety. The Nixon legislation was much less prescriptive than the Johnson bill, and workplace health and safety regulation would be advisory rather than mandatory. However, Representative James G. O'Hara and Senator Harrison A. Williams introduced a much stricter bill similar to the Johnson legislation of the year before.

Companion legislation introduced in the House also imposed an all-purpose "general duty" clause on the enforcing agency as well. With the stricter approach of the Democratic bill apparently favored by a majority of both chambers, and unions now strongly supporting a bill, Republicans introduced a new, competing bill. The compromise bill established the independent research and standard-setting board favored by Nixon, while creating a new enforcement agency. The compromise bill also gave the Department of Labor the power to litigate on the enforcement agency's behalf (as in the Democratic bill). In November 1970, both chambers acted: The House passed the Republican compromise bill, while the Senate passed the stricter Democratic bill (which now included the general duty clause).

A conference committee considered the final bill in early December 1970. Union leaders pressured members of the conference committee to place the standard-setting function in the Department of Labor rather than an independent board. In return, unions agreed to let an independent review commission have veto power over enforcement actions. Unions also agreed to removal of a provision in the legislation which would have let the Secretary of Labor shut down plants or stop manufacturing procedures which put workers in "imminent danger" of harm. In exchange for a Republican proposal to establish an independent occupational health and safety research agency, Democrats won inclusion of the "general duty" clause and the right for union representatives to accompany a federal inspector during inspections. The conference committee bill passed both chambers on December 17, 1970, and President Nixon signed the bill on December 29, 1970. According to the New York Times, labor and environment activist Tony Mazzocchi was a "principal force behind the legislation".

The Act went into effect on April 28, 1971 (now celebrated as Workers' Memorial Day by American labor unions).

Description
In passing the Act, Congress declared its intent "to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources."

The Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), an agency of the Department of Labor. OSHA was given the authority both to set and enforce workplace health and safety standards. The Act also created the independent Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission to review enforcement priorities, actions and cases.

The Act also established the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), an independent research institute in the then Department of Health, Education & Welfare now under-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

The Act defines an employer to be any "person engaged in a business affecting commerce who has employees, but does not include the United States or any state or political subdivision of a State." The Act applies to employers as diverse as manufacturers, construction companies, law firms, hospitals, charities, labor unions and private schools.

Churches and other religious organizations are covered if they employ workers for secular purposes. The Act excludes the self-employed, family farms, workplaces covered by other federal laws (such as mining, nuclear weapons manufacture, railroads and airlines) and state and local governments (unless state law permits otherwise). The Act covers federal agencies and the United States Postal Service.

Section 5 of the Act contains the "general duty clause." The "general duty clause" requires employers to 1) Maintain conditions or adopt practices reasonably necessary and appropriate to protect workers on the job; 2) Be familiar with and comply with standards applicable to their establishments; and 3) Ensure that employees have and use personal protective equipment when required for safety and health. OSHA has established regulations for when it may act under the "general duty clause." The four criteria are 1) There must be a hazard; 2) The hazard must be a recognized hazard (e.g., the employer knew or should have known about the hazard, the hazard is obvious, or the hazard is a recognized one within the industry); 3) The hazard could cause or is likely to cause serious harm or death; and 4) The hazard must be correctable (OSHA recognizes not all hazards are correctable).

Although theoretically a powerful tool against workplace hazards, it is difficult to meet all four criteria. Therefore, OSHA has engaged in extensive regulatory rule-making to meet its obligations under the law.

Due to the difficulty of the rule-making process (which is governed by the Administrative Procedures Act), OSHA has focused on basic mechanical and chemical hazards rather than procedures. Major areas which its standards currently cover are: Toxic substances, harmful physical agents, electrical hazards, fall hazards, hazards associated with trenches and digging, hazardous waste, infectious disease, fire and explosion dangers, dangerous atmospheres, machine hazards, and confined spaces.

Section 8 of the Act covers reporting requirements. All employers must report to OSHA within eight hours if an employee dies from a work-related incident, or three or more employees are hospitalized as a result of a work-related incident. Additionally, all fatal on-the-job heart attacks must also be reported. Section 8 permits OSHA inspectors to enter, inspect and investigate, during regular working hours, any workplace covered by the Act. Employers must also communicate with employees about hazards in the workplace. By regulation, OSHA requires that employers keep a record of every non-consumer chemical product used in the workplace. Detailed technical bulletins called material safety data sheets (MSDSs) must be posted and available for employees to read and use to avoid chemical hazards. OSHA also requires employers to report on every injury or job-related illness requiring medical treatment (other than first aid) on OSHA Form 300, "Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses" (known as an "OSHA Log" or "Form 300"). An annual summary is also required and must be posted for three months, and records must be kept for at least five years.

Section 11(c) of the Act prohibits any employer from discharging, retaliating or discriminating against any employee because the worker has exercised rights under the Act. These rights include complaining to OSHA and seeking an OSHA inspection, participating in an OSHA inspection, and participating or testifying in any proceeding related to an OSHA inspection.

Section 18 of the Act permits and encourages states to adopt their own occupational safety and health plans, so long as the state standards and enforcement "are or will be at least as effective in providing safe and healthful employment" as the federal OSH Act. States that have such plans are known as "OSHA States." As of 2007, 22 states and territories operated complete plans and four others had plans that covered only the public sector.

See also
United States labor law
Factory Acts (UK)
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Malaysia)
Hazard prevention
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (UK)
Occupational fatality

Notes

Further reading
 David Rosner, Gerald Markowitz. 2020. "A Short History of Occupational Safety and Health in the United States", American Journal of Public Health

External links
 As codified in 29 U.S.C. chapter 15 of the United States Code from the LII
 As codified in 29 U.S.C. chapter 15 of the United States Code from the US House of Representatives
 Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (PDF/details) as amended in the GPO Statute Compilations collection
 The official OSHA web site
 The official NIOSH web site
  "The Job Safety Law of 1970: Its Passage Was Perilous'  Official DOL website

91st United States Congress
United States federal labor legislation
Act
Safety codes
Occupational safety and health law
1970 in labor relations
1970 in American law

Occupational Safety and Health Act (United States)


Anneli Saaristo (eigentl.: Terttu Anneli Orvokki Saaristo; * 15. Februar 1949 in Jokioinen) ist eine finnische Sängerin.

Leben und Wirken
In den 1970er Jahren nahm Saaristo schon an Gesangswettbewerben teil und war Sängerin eines Tanzorchesters. 1980 erschien ihr erstes Album, dem zahlreiche weitere folgten. Sie nahm insgesamt dreimal an der finnischen Vorentscheidung zum Eurovision Song Contest teil, 1978 erreichte sie den vierten und 1984 den dritten Platz. Im Jahr 1989 siegte sie in der Vorauswahl und durfte daher beim Concours Eurovision de la Chanson 1989 in Lausanne auftreten. Ihr mediterran anmutende Chanson La Dolce Vita kam auf den siebten Platz.

Diskografie (Alben)
 Aina aika rakkauden (1980)
 Elän hetkessä (1984)
 Näin jäätiin henkiin (1985)
 Tuuli, laivat ja laulu (1987)
 La dolce vita (1989, FI: )
 Appelsiinipuita aavikkoon (1992)
 Kypsän naisen blues (1995)
 Helminauha (1999)
 Kaksi sielua (2004)
 Uskalla rakastaa (2009)
 Elämäni Lauluja (2010)
 Kissan mieli (2012)

Weblinks

 Homepage

Einzelnachweise

Musiker (Finnland)
Sänger
Interpret eines finnischen Beitrags beim Eurovision Song Contest
Finne
Geboren 1949
Frau

Anneli Saaristo


Marine One is the call sign of any United States Marine Corps aircraft carrying the president of the United States. It usually denotes a helicopter operated by Marine Helicopter Squadron One (HMX-1) "Nighthawks", consisting of either the large Sikorsky VH-3D Sea King or the newer, smaller VH-60N "White Hawk". Both helicopters are called "White Tops" because of their livery. Any Marine Corps aircraft carrying the vice president of the United States without the president has the call sign Marine Two.

History

The first use of a helicopter to transport the president was in 1957, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower traveled on a Bell UH-13J Sioux. The president wanted a quick way to reach his summer home, in Pennsylvania. Using Air Force One would have been impractical over such a short distance, and there was no airfield near his home with a paved runway to support fixed-wing aircraft, so Eisenhower instructed his staff to investigate other modes of transport and a Sikorsky UH-34 Seahorse helicopter was commissioned. The early aircraft lacked the amenities of its modern successors, such as air conditioning and an aircraft lavatory for use in flight.

In 1958, the H-13 was replaced by the Sikorsky H-34, which was succeeded in 1961 by the VH-3A.

Not long after helicopters for presidential transport were introduced, presidential aides asked the Marine Corps to investigate using the White House South Lawn for landing. There was ample room, and the protocol was established. Until 1976, the Marine Corps shared the responsibility of helicopter transportation for the president with the United States Army. Army helicopters used the call sign Army One while the president was on board.

The VH-3D entered service in 1978. The VH-60N entered service in 1987 and has served alongside the VH-3D. Improvements were made to both models of helicopter after their introduction, to take advantage of technological developments and to meet new mission requirements. By about 2001, it was clear that so much extra weight had been added to the helicopters that mission capability was reduced and few new improvements could be made.

By 2009, there were 11 VH-3Ds and eight VH-60Ns in service for the president and other prominent individuals. On 16 July 2009, Marine One flew with an all-female crew for the first time. This was also the final flight of Major Jennifer Grieves, who was the first woman pilot to fly the president.

As of 2009, Marine One had never had an accident or been attacked. However, in 2006, President George W. Bush boarded Marine One with his departing press secretary, but the helicopter "would not work", so the president left the White House in a car.

Replacement

The September 11 attacks on the United States led to widespread agreement that the Marine One helicopter fleet needed significant upgrades to its communication, transportation, and security systems, but weight limitations prevented the changes.

VXX program
In April 2002, the Department of Defense began the VXX program, which assigned the Navy to design new presidential helicopters by 2011. In November 2002, the White House asked the Secretary of Defense to accelerate the development of the new aircraft; the Defense Department said a new helicopter would be ready by the end of 2008, and asked companies bidding on the project to begin development and production simultaneously.

Initial contracting effort
Many specifications for the new aircraft were secret. Industry publications and testimony at congressional briefings revealed that it was to be  long, carry 14 passengers, be able to carry several thousand pounds of baggage and gear, and have a range greater than those of the VH-3D and the VH-60N. The helicopter's defenses were to include radar jamming and deception, to ward off anti-aircraft missiles; protection of key electronics against nuclear electromagnetic pulse; and an encrypted telecommunications system and videoconferencing.

The only competitors for the contract were Lockheed Martin and Sikorsky Aircraft. Lockheed joined with AgustaWestland, a British and Italian aircraft company, to offer a version of the AgustaWestland AW101. Sikorsky proposed using its S-92. The Navy awarded the contract to Lockheed Martin in January 2005, to develop and build 28 helicopters. The helicopter was designated VH-71 Kestrel. Five of the initial, less sophisticated version of the VH-71 were due for delivery in 2010, with 23 of the upgraded version due for delivery in 2015. The goal was to retire all VH-3Ds and VH-60Ns along with the five initial VH-71s in 2015, leaving the Marine One fleet with 23 helicopters.

Cost overruns and cancellation
By March 2008, the previously estimated $6.1 billion cost of the 28 helicopters had increased to $11.2 billion. Government officials were surprised to discover that each VH-71 would cost $400 million, more than the cost of one Boeing VC-25 "Air Force One" airplane. Lockheed Martin blamed the Navy for the cost overruns, saying that more than 1,900 extra requirements were added to the project after the contract was signed. The Navy said no extra requirements were added. The company also cited the need to redesign the VH-71 to Navy standards, and an incomplete understanding by the Navy and Lockheed Martin of how much retrofitting the civilian aircraft would need to meet the White House's specifications.

In June 2009, the VH-71 program was canceled because of these cost overruns, which had grown to more than an estimated $13 billion. A Government Accountability Office report issued in March 2011 named three sources of cost overruns. First, asking for development at the same time as production led to extensive retrofitting of models that had just been built. Second, a complete review of the system's requirements was not made until four months after production started, and only then was it discovered that the VH-71's design could not meet the program's needs. Third, the Defense Department and the White House asked for excessive combat and communications capabilities.

Marine Corps contract revival

Shortly after the program's cancellation, the Marine Corps restarted the program. This time, instead of running development and production concurrently, the Corps created an Initial Capabilities Document (ICD), which more clearly outlined the aircraft's requirements. The Department approved the ICD in August 2009, naming it the VXX Helicopter Replacement Program. In February 2010, the Navy asked private industry for input in an Analysis of Alternatives (AOA) to meet the project's needs. Among the options the Navy suggested was purchasing a single aircraft but developing two versions on it. Another option raised by the AOA was to buy two different aircraft—a "civilian" version, with a bathroom, executive suite, and galley, and a "military" version, with complete command and control capabilities. The AOA drew interest from more than two companies. These included Boeing, which told the press that either its CH-47 Chinook or its Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey could meet the AOA's requirements. Because the AOA contemplated a much longer process of design and production, the Navy said it intended to spend $500 million to keep the VH-3Ds and VH-60s flying. Boeing also said it could adapt the VH-71, if the Navy and Marine Corps wished.

In July 2013, the Department of Defense waived the requirement that companies build prototypes. The Department's analysis showed that the cost of making prototypes was unlikely to generate benefits. The Department said that it was proceeding with VXX development using an in-production aircraft with existing, proven systems. A draft request for proposals was released on 23 November 2012.

Final contract award
By August 2013, all interested companies, including Northrop Grumman–AgustaWestland and Bell–Boeing, had withdrawn from the VXX bidding, except Sikorsky Aircraft. Sikorsky had partnered with Lockheed Martin, and said it intended to use the S-92 as the base aircraft. A new deadline in 2020 was established for the 23-helicopter fleet to be in operation. On 7 May 2014, the Navy awarded Sikorsky Aircraft a $1.24 billion contract to build six presidential helicopters, designated Sikorsky VH-92. A fleet of 21 helicopters is expected to be in service by 2023.

Current operations

Marine One is the preferred alternative to motorcades, which can be expensive and logistically difficult. The controlled environment of a helicopter is also considered to add a safety factor. The HMX-1 fleet is also used to transport senior Cabinet staff and foreign dignitaries. HMX-1 operates 35 helicopters of four different types as of 2009.

More than 800 Marines supervise the operation of the Marine One fleet, which is based in MCAF Quantico, Virginia, with an additional operating location at Naval Support Facility Anacostia in the District of Columbia, but is more often seen in action on the South Lawn of the White House or at Joint Base Andrews Naval Air Facility in Maryland.  At Andrews, the helicopter is sometimes used to connect to Air Force One for longer journeys. Marine One is met on the ground by at least one Marine in full dress uniform (most often two, with one acting as an armed guard). According to a story told by Bruce Babbitt, President Clinton, in his final days of office, while flying over and landing in a remote area near the Grand Canyon, found a Marine waiting on the rock ready to salute him. Marine aviators flying Marine One do not wear regular flight suits during flights, but rather the Marine Blue Dress Charlie uniform.

At a presidential inauguration, the Marines offer the outgoing president a final flight from the Capitol to Joint Base Andrews.

Security measures
As a security measure, Marine One often flies in a group of as many as five identical helicopters. One helicopter carries the president, while the others serve as decoys. Upon take-off these helicopters shift in formation to obscure the location of the president. This has been referred to as a "presidential shell game". Marine One is also equipped with standard military anti-missile countermeasures such as flares to counter heat-seeking missiles and chaff to counter radar-guided missiles, as well as AN/ALQ-144A infrared countermeasures. To add to the security of Marine One, every member of HMX-1 is required to pass a Yankee White background check before touching any of the helicopters used for presidential travel.

Long-distance transport
Marine One is transported via C-17 Globemaster or C-5 Galaxy military transport planes (as is the president's limousine) wherever the president travels within the U.S., as well as overseas. Even if, during a foreign trip, the president does not use Marine One, at least one helicopter is on standby in a hangar of a local airport or air base to depart if need be.

See also
 Air transports of heads of state and government

Notes

References

  FAA Order 7110.65 article

External links

 Marine One article in Popular Science magazine

Call signs
Presidential aircraft
Transportation of the president of the United States
United States Marine Corps aviation

Marine One


Erythroseris, maleni biljni rod iz porodice glavočika smješten u podtribus Cichoriinae. Postoje dvije endemske vrste, jedna iz Somalije, a druga s otoka Sokotra

Obje vrste nekada su bile uključivane u rod Prenanthes i time podtribusu Lactucinae, iz kojeg su izdvojene i 2007. godine uključene u zaseban rod Erythroseris.

Vrste
 Erythroseris amabilis (Balf.f.) N.Kilian & Gemeinholzer
 Erythroseris somalensis (R.E.Fr.) N.Kilian & Gemeinholzer

Izvori

Cichoriinae

Erythroseris


Knight Errant, 1993 yılında kurulmuş Türk senfonik metal grubudur.

Şarkı sözlerinin çoğu İngilizcedir. Şarkılarında yoğun şekilde keman kullanırlar. "Maceracı, gezgin şövalye" anlamına gelen Knight Errant günümüz dünyasında hayata karşı bir idealist bir duruşu ifade etmektedir.

Grubun tarihçesi
Knight Errant ilk konserini 1994 yılında İstanbul Cazibe Bar'da verdi. Kemanla birleşen melodik heavy metal figürlerine sahip bir müzik yapıyorlardı. 1999 Temmuz ayında grup ilk debut albümü KE'''yi Kod Müzik/Trak Müzik aracılığıyla yayımladı. Grup 2001 yılında Almanya'da 35 bin seyircinin ve 60 grubun katıldığı Wacken Open Air Festivali'ne katılarak, bu festivale katılan ilk Türk grubu oldu ve birçok Alman müzik dergisinde yer aldı.

21 Aralık 2005'te Divan adlı ikinci albümlerini çıkardılar. 2007 Temmuz ayında Almanya'da Headbangers Open Air Festivali'nde sahne aldılar.Ruhların Büyük Göçü'' isimli üçüncü albümlerini, 25 Haziran 1993 tarihindeki kuruluşlarından tam 27 yıl sonra, 25 Haziran 2020 tarihinde yayımladılar.

Albümleri
 Knight Errant (Temmuz 1999)
 Divan (14 Aralık 2005)
Ruhların Büyük Göçü (25 Haziran 2020)

Grup üyeleri
 İstemi Han İlgin - Vokal
 Ali Ulupınar - Gitar
 Hamid Nejatemin - Gitar
 Ilgın Ayık - Keman
 Murat Arslanoğlu - Davul
 Musa Daner- Bas Gitar

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar
 Grubun resmi web sitesi

 Grubun YouTube kanalı
 Grubun Twitter Hesabı

Türk heavy metal grupları
1993'te kurulan müzik grupları
İstanbul kökenli müzik grupları

Knight Errant


බදුල්ල දිස්ත්‍රික්කයේ ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාස ගණන 15කි එනම්.

 බදුල්ල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 බණ්ඩාරවෙල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 ඇල්ල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 හල්දුම්මුල්ල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 හාලිඇල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 හපුතලේ ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 කන්දෙකැටිය ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 ලුණුගල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 මහියංගනය ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 මීගහකිවුල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 පස්සර ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 රිදීමාලියැද්ද ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 සොරණාතොට ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 ඌවපරණගම ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය
 වැලිමඩ ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය

ආශ්‍රිත ලිපි
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ඌව පළාතේ ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාස
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාස
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පළාත්
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ දිස්ත්‍රික්ක
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ ප්‍රාදේශීය සභා
 ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ පළාත් සභා

බාහිර සබැදි
 Divisional Secretariats Portal
 Statoids: Divisions of Sri Lanka


Péter Kuczka () a fost un critic literar, scriitor, poet și editor de literatură științifico-fantastică maghiar.

Biografie

După terminarea liceului, Kuczka a studiat la Universitatea de Tehnologie și Economie din Budapesta, în timp ce a avut mai multe locuri de muncă. A început să scrie după sfârșitul celui de-Al Doilea Război Mondial, iar din 1940 a avut o mare influență în cercurile literaturii maghiare.

Poezia lui Kuczka a fost tipărită pentru prima dată în 1949, dar după 1956 nu i s-a permis să-și publice lucrările datorită opiniilor sale politice și schimbărilor politice locale. A primit premii naționale pentru literatura sa timpurie în 1950 (Premiul József Attila) și în 1954 (Premiul Kossuth).

El a fost redactorul seriei Kozmosz Fantasztikus Könyvek (Cărțile fantastice Cosmos), ale cărei cărți au fost primele cărți de literatură științifico-fantastică din Ungaria.

El a fost fondatorul și redactorul revistei Galaktika, a treia cea mai mare antologie de literatură științifico-fantastică din lume, care a avut o influență definitivă asupra evoluției literaturii științifico-fantastice maghiare.

El a fost editorul editurii Móra Ferenc könyvkiadó din 1976. Móra Ferenc könyvkiadó este o editură de înaltă calitate care a ajutat la educația literară a copiilor maghiari.

Critică
După cel de-al doilea război mondial, Kuczka a fost vocea principală a sistemului comunist Rákosi, pe bază de voluntariat. După zeci de elogii aduse lui Stalin și partidului, a primit premiul Kossuth în 1954. Mai târziu, după revoluția din 1956, a considerat că este mai bine să-și revizuiască vechile doctrine sectare pentru a avea o conștiință publică curată.

Scriitorul de literatură științifico-fantastică István Nemere l-a descris pe Kuczka ca fiind stăpânul absolut al științifico-fantasticului maghiar în epoca János Kádár și a afirmat că scriitorii care nu erau de acord cu el nu puteau să-și publice lucrările. Nemere l-a acuzat că i-a făcut greutăți în cariera sa la începutul anilor 1980.

Traducătorul și redactorul curent al revistei Galaktika, Attila Németh, a declarat că Peter Kuczka urăște franciza Star Trek (aparent fără niciun motiv) și de aceea a fost aproape complet neglijată în Ungaria în timpul perioadei socialiste. Németh, un fan al francizei Star Trek, a tradus mai târziu romane Star Trek în limba maghiară și a fost un traducător și consultant pentru versiunea maghiară dublată a seriei de filme Star Trek.

Referințe

Legături externe
 Kuczka Péter: éveken át, selecții între 1942 și 1988

Vezi și
 Științifico-fantasticul în Ungaria

Nașteri în 1923
Decese în 1999
Scriitori maghiari de literatură științifico-fantastică
Științifico-fantasticul în Ungaria
Poeți maghiari

Péter Kuczka


Clarkson est une ville américaine située dans le Comté de Colfax, au Nebraska. Selon le recensement de 2010, sa population est de  habitants.

Liens externes

Ville dans le Nebraska
Comté de Colfax (Nebraska)

Clarkson (Nebraska)


هَيْكَلُ حُورِيَّاتِ الْمَاءِ أو النمفيوم  ، في العمارة اليونانية والرومانية القديمة، كان نصب تذكاري مكرس للحوريات الميثولوجية، وخاصة لحوريات الينابيع.

هذه الآثار كانت في الأصل كهوف طبيعية، والتي كانت تسمى مساكن الحوريات. في وقت لاحق، الكهوف الاصطناعية حلت محل الطبيعية.

الفترة الرومانية
مثلاً النمفيوم في جرش الأردنية، شيد في 191 ميلادي. وهي أصلا نافورة منمقة برخام على واجه المستوى الأدنى، ورسمت بالجص على الطابق العلوي، مسقوفة بنصف قبة، مُشكِلة مِحراب عملاق. تتدفق المياه من افواه سبعة رؤس أسود منحوتة وتسقط في أحواض صغيرة بجانب الرصيف.

تم استعارة النمفيوم في الفترة الرومانية، والتي مددت الاستخدام المقدس إلى أغراض ترفيهية بحتة، من هياكل الشرق الهلنستي. أما النمفيوم (سبيل الحوريات) في عمّان فهو قائم فوق كهف أو مغارة تنبع منها المياه الجارية والمكرسة لآلهة الماء.

الفسيفساء
كانت النيمفيوم مهمة في الحركة المعمارية للفسيفساء من الأرضية إلى الجدران وأقبية السقف في القرن الأول. في البداية غالبًا ما كانت مزينة بالفسيفساء الهندسية التي تحتوي في الغالب على قذائف، ولكن بحلول نهاية القرن صار لها أن تتضمن موضوعات شخصية طموحة.

مراجع

أنواع نصب
الديانة الرومانية القديمة
الدين عند الإغريق
حوريات
عناصر معمارية
مغارات
ملحقات الحدائق
نوافير

نيمفيوم


Advanced Global Solution A.G.S. S.p.A. (connue sous le nom d'AGS) est une société italienne dont le siège est à Pero, (MI). La société développe des produits, des solutions et des services innovants pour les secteurs de l'assurance, de la banque, de la fabrication, des télécommunications et des médias. Fondée en 1998 sous forme de SARL par Bruno et Oscar Padrin, elle est aujourd'hui dirigée par ses fils Oscar et Stefano, respectivement président-directeur général et directeur général [1]. En 2004, elle a pris la forme juridique d'une société par actions.

Histoire
À sa création, l'entreprise offrait exclusivement des services de conseil en TI. Avec une série d'acquisitions de petites et moyennes entreprises spécialisées telles que Sibank srl, Exis srl, Open Technology Experts srl et Iale srl, AGS opère principalement dans le secteur de l'assurance et de la banque.

Selon le classement "TOP100 Logiciels et services informatiques en Italie 2019-2020" établi par le site Web Data Manager, AGS se classe  et  dans celui des "Résultats des logiciels et services informatiques dans le secteur de la finance 2020.

Elle est à la  place du classement "Italy's Best Employers 2022" consacré aux meilleures entreprises opérationnelles du secteur "Internet, IT et télécommunications".

En 2017, AGS a commencé à diversifier son offre en proposant des projets destinés à l'Industrie 4.0 et en développant des solutions d'Intelligence Artificielle, objet de publications scientifiques.

En 2019, elle a acquis la majorité des participations d' ELKAR et Plastidite, deux sociétés spécialisées dans le secteur du PMMA coulé et des plastiques, pour la production de panneaux Materica utilisés dans le réaménagement immobilier et l'efficacité énergétique.

En novembre 2019, AGS a confirmé un protocole d'accord avec Huawei pour la création de solutions d'Intelligence Artificielle destinées aux entreprises. Suit le lancement sur le marché européen d'AGS IdeaHub, un produit Huawei doté d'intelligence artificielle et d'applications AGS.

En mai 2020, il a acquis Trend S.r.l., une entreprise spécialisée dans la transformation, la construction et la vente de produits en plastique à partir de laquelle il a commencé la production de panneaux Materica pour la construction.

À partir de 2020, AGS Real Estate Division opérera en tant que General Contractor en partenariat exclusif avec l'enterprise historique de construction Pessina Costruzioni S.p.A., dont elle acquiert le contrôle total en septembre 2021.

Structure
AGS a des bureaux à Pero (Milan) et à Rome. Ses usines de production sont situées à Valmadrera (LC), San Dorligo della Valle (TS) et Albano Sant'Alessandro (BG).

Secteurs
L'entreprise intervient dans plusieurs secteurs:
 Automatisation
 Chimie
 Construction
 Électronique
 Informatique

Marques
L'entreprise produit divers articles et systèmes regroupés sous 7 marques principales pour l'Industrie, l'Immobilier et le Smart living
 AGS Real Estate (réaménagement immobilier et efficacité énergétique)
 CP7 (conversational platform  génération pour ordinateur, mobile, IdeaHub, site Web)
 Decowin (portes, fenêtres, bâtis)
 MAGS (porteur magnetique alimenté par batteries)
 Materica (panneaux Azanite® un Solid Surface pour façades ventilées)
 Materics Glass (PMMA, PMMA verte, placques acryliques pour meubles et design)
 UVC-O3 Sterilizer (systèmes de stérilisation pour l'environnement et les objets)

Noter

Liens externes
 Site officie

Entreprise fondée en 1998
Informatique

AGS Advanced Global Solution


Güvemçetmi, Balıkesir ilinin Bigadiç ilçesine bağlı bir mahalledir.

Tarih
Güvemçetmi Köyü 1862 yılında Ahmet Vefik Paşa tarafından çıkarılan yerleşim kanunu ile zorla yerleşen ve o güne kadar göçebe olarak yaşayan, Oğuz Türklerinin Çepni boyundan (bkz: Çepniler), İlyaslı (Ellezli) oymağına bağlı, Okuf mahallesi civarında Güvem mahallinde, Çebni Hayta Süleyman Cemaati tarafından kurulmuş bir mahalledir. Mahallenin tümü alevi mezhepine bağlıdır ve alevi kültürünü özgürce yaşamaktadır. 12/11/2012 tarihli ve 6360 Sayılı Kanun 6. madesi uyarınca Güvemçetmi Köyü mahalle statüsü kazanmıştır.

Nüfus

Dış bağlantılar

Bigadiç'in mahalleleri

Güvemçetmi, Bigadiç


A Iniciativa de Cooperação Regional para a eliminação do Exército de Resistência do Senhor (, RCI-LRA)  com seu braço militar, a Força-Tarefa Regional da União Africana (, AU-RTF ou RTF) foi uma operação multinacional para combater o Exército de Resistência do Senhor (Lord's Resistance Army, LRA).  Em 22 de novembro de 2011, o Conselho de Paz e de Segurança da União Africana (UA) autorizou a RCI-LRA com o mandato de "reforçar as capacidades operacionais dos países afetados pelas atrocidades do LRA, criar um ambiente propício à estabilização das áreas afetadas, livre das atrocidades do LRA e facilitar a entrega de ajuda humanitária às áreas afetadas." As Nações Unidas forneceram apoio logístico, a União Europeia e a União Africana contribuíram com financiamento adicional e os Estados Unidos forneceram apoio militar e estratégico não-combatente.

As operações começaram na África central em março de 2012. As operações militares da RTF efetivamente terminaram em meados de 2017 com a retirada das tropas de Uganda e dos Estados Unidos, e a União Africana encerrou oficialmente a RCI-LRA em 20 de setembro de 2018.

Antecedentes
Em novembro de 2011, o Conselho de Paz e de Segurança da União Africana (UA) autorizou uma Iniciativa de Cooperação Regional para a eliminação do Exército de Resistência do Senhor (às vezes referido como RCI-LRA). O chamado Exército de Resistência do Senhor é um grupo bárbaro originário do norte de Uganda e responsável por assassinatos generalizados, tortura, rapto de crianças, escravidão sexual e recrutamento forçado de crianças 'soldados'. O grupo havia sido expulso de Uganda e percorria áreas remotas do (atualmente) Sudão do Sul, República Democrática do Congo e República Centro-Africana.

Antes da formação da AU-RTF, Uganda havia conduzido incursões militares na República Democrática do Congo, visando campos do grupo (Ofensiva de Garamba em 2008–2009). Mais notavelmente a Operação Lightning Thunder, lançada em 14 de dezembro de 2008, onde ocorreu o bombardeio aéreo do principal acampamento do Exército de Resistência do Senhor no Parque nacional da Garamba, República Democrática do Congo. Isso foi seguido por tropas terrestres que vasculharam antigos campos rebeldes.

Em julho de 2005, o Tribunal Penal Internacional emitiu mandados de prisão contra o fundador e líder do Exército de Resistência do Senhor, Joseph Kony, juntamente com quatro de seus principais líderes. Destes, Raska Lukwiya foi morto em 12 de agosto de 2006, e o vice-líder Vincent Otti foi executado por um pelotão de fuzilamento, por ordem de Kony, em 2 de outubro de 2007. Assim, na época em que a Força-Tarefa Regional da UA foi formada, Joseph Kony, Okot Odhiambo e Dominic Ongwen ainda permaneciam foragidos.

Organização
A RCI-LRA foi planeada para incluir três elementos: um Mecanismo de Coordenação Conjunta, presidido pelo Comissário da UA para a Paz e Segurança e composto pelos Ministros da Defesa dos quatro países afetados (Uganda, Sudão do Sul, República Democrática do Congo e República Centro-Africana); um Quartel-General da Força-Tarefa Regional; e, terceiro, a Força-Tarefa Regional (AU-RTF) de até 5.000 soldados dos quatro países.

A AU-RTF tomou forma em setembro de 2012, quando 360 soldados das Forças Armadas Centro-Africanas (FACA) foram "cedidos" à Força-Tarefa em Obo na República Centro-Africana. Dias depois, em 18 de setembro de 2012, mais 2.000 soldados de Uganda e 500 soldados do Sudão do Sul foram "cedidos" em Yambio, no Sudão do Sul. Em 13 de fevereiro de 2013, quinhentos soldados congoleses de um batalhão de infantaria leve em Dungu foram adicionados à RTF. Isso elevou a força para 3.350 (de uma força total autorizada de 5.000) e completou os três setores previstos com bases em Dungu (República Democrática do Congo), Obo (República Centro-Africana) e Nzara (Sudão do Sul). O quartel-general da força situava-se em Yambio, no Sudão do Sul. O primeiro Comandante da Força foi o Coronel de Uganda, depois Brigadeiro Dick Olum (da Força de Defesa Popular de Uganda) e o Vice-Comandante da Força foi o Coronel Gabriel Ayok Akuok (das Forças Armadas do Sudão do Sul).

Envolvimento dos Estados Unidos

As Forças Especiais dos Estados Unidos, desde 2010, auxiliam as forças de Uganda em suas operações contra o Exército de Resistência do Senhor na República Democrática do Congo e na República Centro-Africana. Estas forças continuaram a ajudar a AU-RTF até ao início de 2017. Mas, em março de 2017, foi relatado que as operações estadunidenses logo chegariam ao fim depois que o Exército de Resistência do Senhor foi reduzido a um ponto de 'irrelevância'.

Ver também
Missão da União Africana na Somália
Missão das Nações Unidas e da União Africana em Darfur
Força-Tarefa Conjunta Multinacional

Notas

Referências

União Africana
Exército de Resistência do Senhor


Michel Johann Théato (22 March 1878 – 2 April 1923) was a Luxembourgish long-distance runner, and the winner of the marathon at the 1900 Olympics in Paris running for France. He was born in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg and died in Paris, France.

Early life
Little is known about Théato's early life. For many years it was believed he was a baker's delivery boy in Paris. He also worked for some time as a cabinetmaker. In the 20th century, Alain Bouillé discovered that Théato was born in Luxembourg and had moved to Belgium before settling down in the Paris suburbs. There is no evidence that Théato ever applied for French citizenship.  Théato was a member of the athletics club in Saint-Mandé in Paris.

1900 Olympics
The marathon started at 2:30pm in blazing heat. There were only 13 starters of the race, of whom 6 finished. Théato won the race with a time of 2:59:45 with 4 min 32 s ahead of Émile Champion and 37 min 39 s over Sweden's Ernst Fast under the eyes of more than 5,000 spectators.

Théato's victory was initially disputed, as several of his opponents, including American runner Arthur Newton, who finished fifth, alleged that Théato had cheated by taking multiple shortcuts, helped by his local knowledge of the Parisian streets through his job as a delivery boy. These allegations have since been disproved.

The first three finishers only receive as rewards after the race porcelain pottery, of no real value, provided by an ungenerous industrialist; these were commented on at the time as being "objects of horror" or even "hardware".

Olympic gold, silver and bronze medals were not introduced until the following Olympiad in Saint-Louis in 1904, and the winners of the 1900 marathon did not receive their medals retroactively until 1912, without ceremony.

Sports nationality
The athletics statistician Alain Bouillé revealed at the end of the 20th century that Théato was not yet French at the time of the Games.  Born in the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg, he arrived in France at the age of 12. He should have done his military service at the time of the Games if he had obtained his naturalization before 1900. Luxembourg never claimed this title and the IOC confirmed the "French" victory after Bouillé's work. The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg lodged an official complaint with the International Olympic Committee and petitioned to change the Olympic record of Théato's nationality; the complaint was officially rejected in 2004. In 2021, the IOC site mistakenly displayed the Luxembourg flag on Michel Théato's page, which led some to believe that Luxembourg had officially recovered this Olympic title. It was actually a technical error in the IOC database, error since corrected, between nationality and NOC represented by the athlete.

Later life
Théato later became a professional runner, although with relatively little success. He set a personal best in the marathon of 2:42 in 1901.

References

1878 births
1923 deaths
Sportspeople from Luxembourg City
Luxembourgian male long-distance runners
French male marathon runners
Olympic gold medalists for France
Athletes (track and field) at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1900 Summer Olympics
Luxembourgian male marathon runners
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Luxembourgian expatriate sportspeople in France

Michel Théato


Slang ist das 1996 veröffentlichte sechste Studioalbum der britischen Hard-Rock-Band Def Leppard. Es markierte einen Wandel in der musikalischen Ausrichtung der Band und ist das einzige Album, auf dessen Cover das Markenlogo der Gruppe nicht verwendet wurde.

Hintergrund
Die Arbeiten an den Aufnahmen zu diesem Album fielen in eine Zeit, als fast alle Mitglieder der Gruppe mit persönlichen Problemen zu kämpfen hatten. Außerdem war der Musikproduzent Mutt Lange zum ersten Mal seit 1981 überhaupt nicht an der Entstehung des Albums beteiligt, was der Gruppe Raum für klangliche und vor allem textliche Experimente gab. Zum ersten Mal überhaupt konnten sich echte Gefühle in den Texten der Gruppe niederschlagen. Ein weiterer Vorteil, den die Band in Langes Abwesenheit sah, war die Möglichkeit, gemeinsam als Gruppe aufzunehmen. Diese Aufnahmen fanden in einem Haus in Marbella (Spanien) statt.

Slang wurde am 14. Mai 1996 veröffentlicht; insgesamt wurden vier Singles ausgekoppelt, nämlich das Titelstück im Mai 1996, außerdem Work It Out (Juli 1996), All I Want Is Everything (September 1996) sowie Breathe a Sigh im November 1996.

Rezeption

In den USA erreichte das Album Platz 14 der Billboard 200, in Großbritannien Platz 5. Es war bis dahin das erste Album der Band, das in den USA nicht mit Platin ausgezeichnet wurde. Es gelang der Gruppe nur in ihrem Heimatland Großbritannien, alle vier Singles in den Musikcharts zu etablieren.

Thomas Kupfer (Rock Hard) schrieb zu diesem Album, die Band habe "den Spagat zwischen Weiterentwicklung und traditionellen Klängen geschafft", das Album sei "als rundum gelungen" zu bezeichnen. Dank "orientalisch klingender Gitarrenparts, Vocaleffects und eines guten Grooves" würde bereits das erste Stück des Albums (Truth) "schnell zum absoluten Ohrwurm" avancieren. Andere Stücke (Slang) wüssten "mit der Kombination aus harten Gitarren, einem fast poppigen Schlagzeugrhythmus und einem typischen Leppard-Refrain" zu überzeugen. Die Titelsammlung beweise "eindrucksvoll, daß Def Leppard endgültig den Sprung in die Neunziger geschafft" hätten. Im Fazit stellt er fest, das Album sei "eine mehr als achtbare Vorstellung der Band".

Titelliste
 Truth? (Campbell, Collen, Elliott, Savage) 3:00
 Turn to Dust (Collen) 4:21
 Slang (Collen, Elliott) 2:37
 All I Want Is Everything (Elliot, Elliott) 5:20
 Work It Out (Campbell) 4:49
 Breathe a Sigh (Collen) 4:06
 Deliver Me (Collen, Elliott) 3:04
 Gift of Flesh (Collen) 3:48
 Blood Runs Cold (Collen, Elliott) 4:26
 Where Does Love Go When It Dies (Collen, Elliott) 4:04
 Pearl of Euphoria (Collen, Elliott, Savage) 6:21

Quellen

Weblinks

Album (Hard Rock)
Album 1996
Def-Leppard-Album

Slang (Album)


Comunicarea prin Internet reprezintă un ansamblu de acțiuni  și procese mediate de computere prin care interlocutorii își transmit informații prin mesaje ce pot căpăta diverse forme . Comunicarea este un proces absolut indispensabil omenirii, iar de-a lungul timpului mesajele au fost transmise prin diverse căi, comunicarea căpătând astfel diverse forme și fiind utilizată în diverse medii. Cercetările privind CMC se concentrează în mare măsură pe efectele sociale ale diferitelor tehnologii de comunicare suportate de computer. Multe studii recente implică rețele sociale bazate pe Internet, susținute de software social.

În timp ce termenul s-a referit în mod tradițional la acele comunicări care au loc prin intermediul formatelor mediate de computer (de exemplu, mesagerie instantanee, e-mail, camere de chat, forumuri online, servicii de rețele sociale), el a fost aplicat și altor forme de interacțiune bazată pe text, cum ar fi mesaje text.

Istoric
Începuturile au fost reprezentate de comunicarea scrisă și grafică, prin text și simboluri de imagistică, alături de comportament și sistemul gestual. Însă omenirea nu s-a rezumat doar la aceste căi de comunicare. Aceste modalități ne puteau ajuta fără nicio problemă în a derula o conversație, însă pentru a putea comunica în masă trebuia să existe o metodă mai performantă. În acest fel s-a dezvoltat presa scrisă. Ținând cont de faptul că în acest proces de comunicare trebuie să existe înțelegere și cooperare între interlocutori, interesul și atragerea publicului căpătau noi dimensiuni deja.

Comunicarea este un proces ce se află în perfectă legătură cu persuasiunea, iar în mass-media înțelegerea acestui fapt este esențială. Cu cât comunicatorii reușesc să persuadeze publicul, cu atât mai mult își vor putea atinge scopul final. Pentru a reuși să atragă mase de oameni cât mai mari și pentru a acapara publicul cu forme cât mai diverse și mai atractive de comunicare, era nevoie încă odată de un nou început. Astfel, nu a mai existat decât un singur pas până la comunicarea prin media televizate și radio.

Dezvoltarea procesului de comunicare a fost continuă de aici și pași noi aveau să iasă la suprafață. Odată cu nașterea mediului virtual, comunicarea a depășit orice barieră, iar libertatea este caracteristica primordială a acestui proces în zilele noastre.

De la 1.0 la Multimedia Content
La începutul anilor 90 moda deja se diversificase. Apariția internetului a adus cu sine o explozie a comunicării în masă, apărând primele pagini web, sub formă de limbaj hypertext la acea vreme.

Totuși, limbajul HTML nu era atât de complex încât să poți transmite emoții prin conținut, acesta având mai degrabă un caracter static (text, poze, tabele, iconi etc). Tehnologiile avansau rapid, iar specialiștii IT au găsit soluția la aceste probleme, avansând din ce în ce mai mult spre Web 2.0, Blogging și Social Media, ajungând să integreze conținut vizual și audio în conceptul de web și adăugând elementul final ce a generat surpriza: interactivitatea.

În scurt timp internetul avea să devină pe lângă mijlocul preferat de comunicare și un bun instrument de marketing . Având astfel oportunitatea de a combina text, imagine, video și audio, specialiștii în web design au început să creeze platforme online din ce în ce mai avansate, iar comunicarea online a început să capete o cu totul altă anvergură.

Totul a început să evolueze și un nou domeniu avea să prindă viață și să se dezvolte extraordinar: marketingul online – noua formă de comunicare din mediul virtual.

Era New Media
În ultimul deceniu, online-ul a început să însemne mai mult decât web design, deși de aici pleacă totul, de la un site profesionist. Online-ul a început să însemne un dialog continuu între oameni, o permanentă ocazie de oferire a unui feedback față de orice informație ne este pusă la dispoziție.

În această eră rețelele sociale au câștigat teren incredibil de mult. Toate acestea s-au întâmplat dintr-o rațiune destul de simplă: ele permit elementul surpriză și-l încadrează perfect în context, fie că scopul comunicării este strict informativ, fie că face referire la promovare. Rețelele sociale sunt încoronate ca regine ale interactivității.

De la site-uri în HTML și web design ajungem, așadar, la Facebook, Twitter, Instagram și la un nou mod de a comunica.

Conținutul este cheia succesului
Pentru a putea diferenția acum site-urile în mediul online, acolo unde concurența este în totală creștere pe absolut orice nișă, era nevoie de un element diferențiator, un element care să scoată în evidență informațiile oferite de un anumit site. Acest element este CONȚINUTUL!

Pentru a putea comunica indiferent de bariere ai nevoie de conținut original, adaptat publicului țintă, care să diferențieze și să poziționeze corect web site-ul tău.

Atunci când vorbim de conținut trebuie să aducem aminte de singura caracteristică ce poate transforma conținutul în mină de aur sau într-un deșert secătuit de valoare: unicitate.

Așadar, specialiștii în web design, dar și web developerii au început să creeze platforme din ce în ce mai atractive grafic, cu elemente de eleganță și cu tot felul de pachete de optimizare integrate, iar etapa finală cădea pe umerii unui content manager care trebuia să redacteze conținutul de prezentare pentru acel site. Acest lucru însemna ciclul perfect un web site profesionist. Era singurul mod de a crește.

În acest mod, comunicarea în online a avansat progresiv și a atins cote inimaginabile, urmărind să-și îndeplinească încă de la începul obiectivele prestabilite.

În același sens, într-o explozie online a site-urilor create pe diferite platforme facile, cu teme elegante dar în același timp folosite de sute sau chiar mii de alte siteuri web, un alt element de unicitate care poate face diferența este felul in care alegem sa dezvoltăm siteul web: alegem o soluție custom, originală și flexibilă sau alegem un teren batătorit dar mai puțin flexibil, al unui site dezvoltat pe o platforma open source (precum WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, etc), care poate în schimb aduce alte avantaje .

Obiective ale comunicării online
 Generarea notorietății
 Crearea de lead-uri
 Creșterea ratei de impact a informației prezentate către public
 Îmbunătățirea ratei de engagememt a publicului
 Creșterea vânzărilor
 Fidelizare

În cele din urmă, toate aceste obiective s-au rezumat mereu într-un scop final și concret în lumea virtuală, anume prezența online pe o poziție cât mai avantajoasă, pentru a putea beneficia de cât mai multe avantaje ale acestui mediu.

Concluzii
Încă de la apariția sa, internetul a fost într-o reală cursă contra cronometru, dezvoltând și punând bazele unei noi modalități de comunicare. Prin intermediul acestei posibilități și datorită multitudinii de canale puse la dispoziție, Internetul a reprezentat cel mai mare punct de reper în ceea ce privește comunicarea.

Într-un mediu atât de concurențial și aflat în continua mișcare, poziția informației determină  notorietatea și succesul mesajului sau lipsa de vizibilitate și decăderea sa.
În mediul online totul circulă cu o altă viteză, așa încât, specialiștii sunt întotdeauna preocupați de mai mult, mai bine, mai corect și mai ales MAI SUS. Performanța este cea care dictează tendințele în acest mediu, așa încât comunicarea în mediul online trebuie să fie în continuă mișcare ascendentă pe scala performanței.

Crimă
Traficul de sex cibernetic și alte infracțiuni cibernetice implică comunicare mediată de computer. Cyber crimă pot efectua crimele în orice locație în care au un computer sau o tabletă cu un webcam sau un smartphone cu o conexiune la internet. Ei se bazează, de asemenea, pe rețelele sociale media, conferințe video, site-uri de partajare video pornografic, pagini de datină, camere de chat online, aplicații, site-uri întunecate și alte platforme. Ei folosesc sisteme de plată online și criptocurrențe pentru a-și ascunde identitatea. Milioane de rapoarte ale acestor crime sunt trimise autorităților anual. Sunt necesare noi legi și proceduri de poliție pentru combaterea infracțiunilor care implică CMC.

Referințe

Cultura internetului
Sisteme informatice
Lingvistică computațională

Comunicarea în mediul online


Limmeuble du gouvernement (en ) est un bâtiment gouvernemental situé dans le quartier de Petchersk, à Kiev, en Ukraine.

Siège du cabinet des ministres du gouvernement de l'Ukraine, il est à proximité du bâtiment de la Rada et du palais Mariinsky.

Historique
Il fut le siège du Conseil des Commissaires du Peuple de la République Socialiste Soviétique d'Ukraine puis celui du Conseil des ministres de la  RSS d'Ukraine.

De 1941 à 1954, avec , ce bâtiment est le plus haut de la ville.

Le principal architecte du projet est Ivan Fomine.

Références

Raïon de Petchersk
Architecture à Kiev
Architecture stalinienne
Patrimoine classé d'Ukraine

Immeuble du gouvernement


Neuropsykiatri en en gren af lægevidenskaben der behandler mentale lidelser der stammer for sygdomme i nervesystemet. Det går forud for de nuværende discipliner psykiatri og neurologi, der har fælles træning. Men psykiatri og neurologi bliver siden splittet fra hinanden, og praktiseres separat. Ikke desto mindre er neuropsykiatri blevet et voksende speciale inden for psykiatri, og det er også tæt forbundet med områderne neuropsykologi og adfærdsneurologi, der er specialer inden for neurologi, der adresserer kliniske problemer med kognition og/eller adfærd skabt af hjerneskade eller hjernelidelser med forskellige etiologier.

Referencer

Lægevidenskab

Neuropsykiatri