Marko Kutlić (Slavonski Brod, 18. svibnja 1995.) je hrvatski pjevač, tekstopisac i glazbeni autor.

Karijera
Od ranih dana Marko je pokazao interes za glazbu, te je kao dječak pjevao u crkvenim zborovima. Prvi je audio zapis, obradu pjesme "Tears don't fall", britanskog sastava Bullet for my Valentine, snimio s tadašnjim gitaristom i producentom Lukom Dobrovićem. Marko Kutlić snimio još nekolicinu audio zapisa, od kojih se ističe obrada hita britanske kantautorice Adele "Someone like you".

Pravila Igre
U 2014. godini nastaje bend "Pravila Igre" u kojem Marko ima ulogu pjevača. Debitanska pjesma "Nebo na mojoj strani" koju je bend izdao početkom 2015. godine zasjela je na prvo mjesto HRtop40. Ostale pjesme koje je Marko snimio kao član benda su "Kamen na duši", "Lijek za besane noći", "Okovano srce", "Pogledaj me", "Na tvojim usnama", "Poljubac reće", "Ako" i "Zagrli me" koje su se našle na albumu "Nebo na mojoj strani".

Samostalna karijera
Početkom 2017. godine, Marko napušta bend "Pravila igre" i započinje samostalnu karijeru. Prvu samostalnu pjesmu "Srce se spasilo" Marko je izdao u drugoj polovici 2017. godine. Tekst pjesme napisao je Aleksandar Čubrilo, dok su glazbenu produkciju i aranžman potpisali Marko Vojvodić i Igor Ivanović. S prvom samostalnom pjesmo Marko je zasjeo na 3. mjesto HRtop40 u 43. tjednu 2017. godine. Marko je nastavio suradnju s istom timom tokom cijelog svog albuma.

Dana 23. studenoga 2019., Marko Kutlić je održao svoj prvi samostalni koncert u Tvornici Kulture u Zagrebu, koji je ujedno bio i datum izdavanja prvog solo albuma "U kapi tvoje ljubavi".

Na 67. Zagrebačkom festivalu Marko osvaja prvo mjesto s pjesmom "Samo nek' ona sretna je" koja je ujedno zasjela i na prvo mjesto 6. tjedna 2020. HRtop40.

Diskografija

Studijski albumi
2019. - U kapi tvoje ljubavi

Pjesme

Sinkronizacija
 "DC Liga Super-ljubimaca" kao Aquaman (2022.)
 "Tom i Jerry" kao Butch (2021.)

Nagrade
Najnovije:

2020. - Pobjednik 67. Zagrebačkog festivala
2019. - Cesarica Hit Kolovoza
2019. - Cesarica Hit Travnja
2019. - Najbolji debitant Splitskog festivala

Izvori

HRtop40 Pravila igre
 Hit Records - Marko Kutlić
Zagrebački festival - Marko Kutlić - Zagrebački festival
Hitmusicbox - Marko Kutlić - Hit Music Box

Vanjske poveznice
 Facebook - Marko Kutlić - Facebook

Hrvatski pjevači
Životopisi, Slavonski Brod

Marko Kutlić


සිංහල නමින් හදුන්වනුයේ 72 ව්‍යවස්ථාවෙන් ශ්‍රි ලංකාව නමින් හැදුන්වන්නට යෙදුන සිංහලයේ ජාතික සංස්කෘතියට අයත් ජනයායි.

ශ්‍රී ලාංකික ජනයා


Der Wide Bay Highway ist eine Fernstraße im Südosten des australischen Bundesstaates Queensland. Er verbindet den Bruce Highway (NA1) nordwestlich von Gympie mit dem Burnett Highway (A3) in Goomeri.

Der als Staatsstraße 49 ausgezeichnete Highway stellt die Fortsetzung des Bunya Highway (S49) nach Ost-Nordosten dar. Er ist nach der Wide Bay, einer Meeresbucht bei der der Ostküste Australiens vorgelagerten Fraser-Insel, benannt.

Literatur
Steve Parish: Australian Touring Atlas. Steve Parish Publishing. Archerfield QLD 2007. ISBN 978-1-74193-232-4. S. 9

Straße in Queensland
Straße in Australien und Ozeanien

Wide Bay Highway


إليون (Ελεών) هي قرية في فويوتيا في مقاطعة كينتريكي إلادا في اليونان.

يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 556 نسمة.

مراجع

أماكن مأهولة سابقا في اليونان
مدن اليونان

إليون (فويوتيا)


Haruki Fukushima (født 8. april 1993) er en japansk fodboldspiller.

Han har spillet for flere forskellige klubber i sin karriere, herunder Urawa Reds og Gainare Tottori.

Referencer

Eksterne henvisninger

Fodboldspillere fra Japan

Haruki Fukushima


El rinoceronte lanudo tibetano (Coelodonta thibetana) es una especie extinta de rinoceronte lanudo nativo de la zona occidental de la cordillera de los Himalayas que vivió a mediados del Plioceno.

Descripción

C. thibetana es conocido a partir del holotipo IVPP V15908, un cráneo parcialmente incompleto que incluye la mandíbula preservada parcialmente con la dentición completa y una vértebra. Estos fósiles fueron descubiertos en la cuenca de Zanda, a 3.700 - 4.500 metros de altitud en el Himalaya, en el oeste del Tíbet. La denominación de la especie, "thibetana" es una referencia a su origen, siendo nombrada originalmente por Tao Deng, Xiaoming Wang, Mikael Fortelius, Qiang Li, Yang Wang, Zhijie J. Tseng, Gary T. Takeuchi, Joel E. Saylor, Laura K. Säilä y Guangpu Xie en 2011. Utilizando las medidas del cráneo, de unos 77 centímetros de largo, se sugiere que el rinoceronte era de tamaño medio, con un peso vivo de 1,8 toneladas, similar al del rinoceronte indio y el rinoceronte negro. El hallazgo no contenía pelo, por lo que no se sabe con certeza si C. thibetana era lanoso.

Poseía un dilatado hueso occipital, su nariz era ancha y la parte anterior estaba fuertemente redondeada, con una distancia al premaxilar de 7,4 cm. Este valor es superior al de C. nihowanensis, que es una especie más reciente, mientras que el clásico rinoceronte lanudo (C. antiquitatis) los huesos daban directamente el uno contra el otro. Por la disposición del hueso sobre la nariz parece ser que tenía un gran cuerno al frente y sobre la frente uno más pequeño, ambos más bien aplanados, siendo de los mayores entre los miembros de Coelodonta en relación con el tamaño corporal. Como en el rinoceronte lanudo la posición de la cabeza era muy empinada debido al occipucio extendido. Por otro lado, el septo nasal osificado propio de su pariente más conocido no se había desarrollado tanto, sólo el tercio frontal del mismo. La fórmula dental de C. thibetana es I 0/0 - C 0/0 - P 3/3 - M 3/3 como ocurre en otros miembros de Coelodonta, con dientes de coronas relativamente altas. [4] Otro rasgo destacado es que en la mandíbula inferior asociada al cráneo se encuentran los alvéolos del segundo incisivo, que era deciduo. Este rasgo sólo se había encontrado previamente en C. nihowanensis, pero en cambio está ausente en el más reciente C. antiquitatis.

Filogenia
Los descriptores desarrollaron un análisis filogenético de las cinco especies actuales de rinoceronte y de trece especies ya extinguidas. Ellos presentaron el siguiente cladograma, en el que C. thibetana se le da una posición basal dentro del género Coelodonta.

El papel de Coelodonta thibetana en la evolución
Tal y como afirma Richard Lane, de la National Science Foundation, «este descubrimiento aclara el origen del rinoceronte lanudo y tal vez de la mayor parte de la, ahora extinta, megafauna del Pelistoceno de Eurasia».

Este nuevo fósil nos ofrece una alternativa interesante al origen mantenido hasta ahora para esta fauna, que se situaba en la tundra ártica o las frías estepas de otros lugares. Así, y tal y como declara Xiaoming Wang, «nuestra investigación demuestra que los rinocerontes lanudos se originaron en el Tíbet antes de que comenzase la Edad de Hielo, descendiendo de las altas mesetas a su comienzo, hace 2,6 millones de años».

Se cree que, una vez cubierto de hielo el hemisferio norte, el Coelodonta thibetana tan solo tuvo que descender, puesto que era un animal ya adaptado al nuevo medio, evolucionando en sus nuevos puntos de distribución hasta dar lugar a nuevas especies como Coleodonta antiquitatis o Coleodonta tologoihensis.

Según los descriptores de esta especie este curioso rinoceronte no migró solo, sino con cabras montesas, leopardos de las nieves y antílopes, todas ellas especies que se han encontrado en ese mismo yacimiento.

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Descubren al rinoceronte lanudo "más antiguo" en BBC Mundo (incluye imágenes)

Mamíferos extintos de Asia
Mamíferos del Plioceno
Rhinocerotidae

Coelodonta thibetana


Venceslau I (în  ; n.c. 907 –  d. 28 septembrie 935), Wenceslas I sau Venceslau cel Bun, a fost ducele (kníže) Boemiei din anul 921 și până la asasinarea sa în anul 935, în urma unui complot pus la cale de fratele său, Boleslau cel Crud.

Martiriul său și popularizarea sa de către mai mulți biografi i-au creat rapid o reputație de bunătate și eroism, ce a determinat ridicarea sa la rangul de sfânt și declararea post-mortem ca rege, iar astăzi este considerat patronul spiritual al Cehiei. El este subiectul cântecului "Good King Wenceslas", colindă cântată de Ziua Sfântului Ștefan.

Biografie
Venceslau a fost fiul lui Vratislau I, Duce al Boemiei din dinastia Přemyslid. Bunicul său, Borivoj I al Boemiei, a fost convertit de către Sfinții Chiril și Metodiu. Mama sa, Drahomíra, a fost fiica șefului de trib păgân al havolanilor, dar a fost botezată cu ocazia căsătoriei sale. Bunica sa paternă, Ludmila de Boemia, a supravegheat educația lui până când Venceslau a fost trimis, la o vârstă fragedă, la colegiul de la Budweis.

În 921, când Venceslau avea treisprezece ani, tatăl său a murit, iar bunica lui a devenit regentă. Geloasă pe  Ludmila  pentru influența pe care o exercita asupra lui Venceslau, Drahomíra a aranjat să fie omorâtă. Ludmila se afla la castelul Tetín din apropiere de Beroun atunci când a fost asasinată la 15 septembrie 921. Se spune că ar fi fost ștrangulată cu propriul ei voal. Ea a fost înmormântată mai întâi în Biserica Sf. Mihail din  Tetín, dar rămășițele sale pământești au fost mutate ulterior, probabil de către Venceslau, în Biserica Sfântul Gheorghe din Praga, care fusese construită de tatăl lui.

Drahomíra și-a asumat apoi rolul de regentă și a luat imediat măsuri împotriva creștinilor. Venceslau a preluat conducerea țării atunci când a devenit major. El a plasat ducatul sub protecția Germaniei, a adus preoți germani și a favorizat ritul latin în locul celui slavon, care căzuse în desuetudine în multe locuri din lipsă de preoți. Pentru a preveni conflictele dintre el și fratele său mai mic, Boleslau, cei doi și-au împărțit țara între ei, Venceslau atribuindu-i fratelui său un teritoriu întins.

Domnia
După destrămarea Moraviei Mari, conducătorii Ducatului Boemiei au trebuit să facă față atât incursiunilor maghiarilor, cât și celor ale oștilor ducelui Saxoniei și regelui Franciei Răsăritene Henric Păsărarul, care au inițiat mai multe campanii militare înspre răsărit în teritoriile adiacente slavilor polavieni, țara de origine a mamei lui Venceslau. Pentru a rezista în fața atacurilor saxone, tatăl lui Venceslau, Vratislau, a format o alianță cu ducele bavarez Arnulf cel Rău, un aprig adversar, la acea vreme, al regelui Henric; cu toate acestea, alianța s-a destrămat după ce Arnulf și Henric s-au împăcat la Regensburg în 921.

În 924 sau 925, pe când avea vârsta de 18 ani, Venceslau și-a asumat conducerea țării și a exilat-o pe Drahomíra. El l-a învins pe Radslav, ducele rebel de Kouřim. El a ctitorit, de asemenea, o biserică rotondă consacrată Sf. Vitus în Cetatea din Praga, care există și astăzi sub numele de Catedrala Sf. Vitus.

La începutul anului 929, oștile comune ale ducelui Arnulf al Bavariei și regelui Henric I Păsărarul au ajuns la Praga, în urma unui atac brusc, forțându-l pe Venceslau să reia plata unui tribut care fusese impuse pentru prima dată de regele Franciei Răsăritene Arnulf de Carintia în 895. Henric fusese forțat să plătească maghiarilor un tribut imens în 926 și avea nevoie de tributul Boemiei, pe care Venceslau refuzase, probabil, să-l plătească după reconcilierea dintre Arnulf și Henric. Un alt motiv posibil al atacului l-a reprezentat formarea alianței antisaxone între Boemia, slavii polabieni și maghiari.

Crima
În septembrie 935, un grup de nobili aliați cu fratele mai mic al lui Venceslau, Boleslau, a complotat să-l asasineze pe Venceslau. Boleslau l-a invitat pe Venceslau la sărbătoarea Sfinților Cosma și Damian de la Stará Boleslav, iar trei dintre tovarășii lui Boleslau, Tira, Česta, și Hněvsa, au tăbărât asupra ducelui și l-au înjunghiat mortal. Ducele a căzut, iar Boleslau l-a străpuns cu lancea.

Potrivit lui Cosma din Praga, unul dintre fiii lui Boleslau s-a născut în ziua morții lui Venceslau și, din cauza circumstanțelor de rău augur ale nașterii sale, copilul a fost numit Strachkvas, ceea are înseamnă "sărbătoare groaznică".

Există o tradiție care spune că slujitorul loial al Sfântului Venceslau, Podevin, i-a răzbunat moartea prin uciderea unuia dintre principalii conspiratori, dar a fost executat de către Boleslau.

Venerarea ca sfânt
Venceslau (Wenceslas) a fost considerat martir și sfânt imediat după moartea lui, când un cult al lui Venceslau s-a format în Boemia și în Anglia. În următoarele decenii de la moartea lui Venceslau au fost în circulație patru biografii ale lui. Aceste hagiografii au avut o influență puternică în conceptualizarea medievală a termenului rex justus sau "rege drept" — care este un monarh a cărui putere provine în principal din marea lui evlavie, precum și din calitățile sale princiare.

Referindu-se aprobator la aceste hagiografii, cronicarul Cosma din Praga a scris în jurul anului 1119 următoarele:

Câteva secole mai târziu, legenda a fost susținută ca fapt de către Papa Pius al II-lea.

Deși Venceslau a fost, în timpul vieții sale, doar un duce, împăratul Sfântului Imperiu Roman, Otto I "i-a conferit postum [lui Venceslau] titlul și demnitatea regală" și de aceea, în legendă și în cântece, el este menționat un "rege".

Imnul "Svatý Václave" (Sf. Venceslau) sau "Corala Sfântului Venceslau" este unul dintre cele mai vechi cântece cehe cunoscute în istorie. Originea sa datează din secolul al XII-lea și el este încă unul din cele mai populare cântece religioase. În 1918, în perioada formării statului cehoslovac, acest cântec a fost propus ca una dintre alegerile posibile pentru imnul național.

Sărbătoarea sa este celebrată pe 28 septembrie, în timp ce mutarea moaștelor sale, care a avut loc în 938, este comemorată în data de 4 martie.

Începând din anul 2000, ziua de sărbătorire a Sfântului Venceslau (28 septembrie) este sărbătoare publică în Republica Cehă, celebrată ca Ziua Suveranității Cehe.

Legende despre Venceslau

Potrivit unei legende un conte pe nume Radislas a organizat o rebeliune și a pornit cu oastea împotriva lui Venceslau. Acesta din urmă, trimițându-i o solie, i-a făcut o ofertă de pace, dar Radislas a perceput mesajul regelui ca un semn de lașitate. Cele două armate s-au așezat în poziție de luptă, atunci când Venceslau, pentru a evita vărsarea de sânge nevinovat, l-a provocat pe Radislas la o luptă între cei doi. În timp ce Radislas se deplasa către duce, el a văzut, alături de Venceslau, doi îngeri care i-au strigat: "Oprește-te!" Acest strigăt a acționat ca un fulger asupra lui Radislas și i-a schimbat intențiile. Dându-se jos de pe cal, el a căzut la picioarele sfântului și i-a cerut iertare. Venceslau l-a ridicat de jos și l-a primit cu generozitate în slujba sa.

O a doua legendă veche susține că o mare armată de cavaleri se află adormită în interiorul muntelui Blaník din Republica Cehă. Cavalerii se vor trezi și sub comanda Sfântul Venceslau vor sări în apărarea poporului ceh atunci când acesta se va confrunta cu un pericol grav. Există o legendă în mare parte asemănătoare la Praga, care spune că, atunci când patria este în pericol sau în perioadele sale cele mai întunecate și aproape de ruină, statuia ecvestră a regelui Venceslau din Piața Venceslau va reveni la viață, ridicând armata adormită de pe muntele Blaník și la trecerea pe Podul Carol calul său se va poticni și va trece peste o piatră, scoțând la iveală legendara sabie a ducelui Bruncvík. Cu această sabie, regele Venceslau îi va ucide pe toți dușmani cehilor, aducând pace și prosperitate în țară. Ogden Nash a scris un poem epic comic epic "The Christmas that Almost Wasn't", vag inspirat din aceeași legendă, în care un băiat îi trezește pe Venceslau și pe cavalerii săi pentru a salva un regat de uzurpatorii care au interzis sărbătorirea Crăciunului.

Moștenire

Venceslau este subiectul popularei colinde "Good King Wenceslas", cântată de Ziua Sfântului Ștefan (sărbătorită în Occident pe 26 decembrie). Aceasta a fost publicată de John Mason Neale în 1853 și ar putea fi o traducere a unui poem al poetului ceh Václav Alois Svoboda. Orografierea uzuală în engleza americană a numelui Ducelui Wenceslas, Wenceslaus, este întâlnită ocazional în variantele ulterioare ale colindei, deși el nu a fost folosit de Neale în versiunea lui. Venceslau nu trebuie să fie confundat cu regele Venceslau I al Boemiei (Venceslau I Premyslid), care a trăit cu mai mult de trei secole mai târziu.

O statuie ecvestră a Sfântului Venceslau și a altor patroni ai Boemiei (Sf. Adalbert, Sf. Ludmila, Sf. Prokop și Sf. Agnes a Boemiei) este situată în Piața Venceslau din Praga. Statuia este un loc popular de întâlnire în Praga. Demonstrațiile împotriva regimului comunist au avut loc acolo.

Coiful și armura sa sunt expuse în interiorul Cetății din Praga.

Tradiție

Ziua Sfântului Wenceslas (Venceslau), 28 septembrie 1914, a fost aleasă de companionul ceh în Rusia pentru fundație în Piața Sofia din Kiev, iar Primul Regiment de Puști al legiunilor cehoslovace a fost numit inițial "Regimentul de Puști al Sfântului Wenceslas".

În cultura populară
Filmul de televiziune Good King Wenceslas (1994) este o povestire fictivă a vieții sale. Jonathan Brandis interpretează rolul principal, alături de el jucând Leo McKern, Stefanie Powers și Joan Fontaine (în rolul Ludmilei).

O piesă de teatru scrisă de Alick Rowe și difuzată în 1987 de postul de radio BBC, Crisp and Even Brightly, cu Timothy West în rolul lui Venceslau, este o repovestire comică a poveștii colindei, prezentând complotul unui paj pe nume Mark și al unor spioni pentru a-l detrona pe rege.

Imaginea sa a fost reprezentată pe bancnota de 5000 de coroane emisă la 24 februarie 1944 de Banca Națională pentru Boemia și Moravia și care a circulat în perioada 1944-1945 în Protectoratul Boemiei și Moraviei, teritoriu autonom al Germaniei Naziste.

Genealogie

Note

Legături externe

 Patron Saints Index: St. Wenceslaus
 Catholic Online: St. Wenceslaus
 Wenceslas: Life & Story of the Carol

Vezi și
 Coroana Sfântului Venceslau
 Sabia Sfântului Venceslau

Nașteri în 907
Decese în 935
Personaje de Crăciun
Duci ai Boemiei
Sfinți în Biserica Catolică
Monarhi romano-catolici canonizați

Venceslau I, Duce al Boemiei


Dan spomena na hrvatske žrtve u borbi za slobodu i nezavisnost spomendan je u Rebublici Hrvatskoj kojim se obilježava sjećanje na hrvatske žrtve represije i zločina partizanskog pokreta predvođenog Komunističkom partijom Jugoslavije nakon završetka Drugog svjetskog rata. Ustanovljen je 1996. godine i obilježava se u nedjelju najbližu 15. svibnju.

Povijest

Postrojbe partizanskog pokreta predvođene Komunističkom partijom Jugoslavije nakon završetka Drugog svjetskog rata vršile su represiju i počinile zločine nad poraženim vojnim i političkim protivnicima, te nad onima koje je komunistička vlast smatrala stvarnom ili mogućom prijetnjom u ostvarenju potpune vlasti u novoj jugoslavenskoj državi.

Obilježavanje
Godišnja komemoracija održava se na Bleiburškom polju u Austriji, te na nekoliko mjesta u Hrvatskoj, pod pokroviteljstvom Hrvatskog sabora. Od 2003. do 2020. godine euharistijsko slavlje na Bleiburškom polju predvodili su hrvatski biskupi. Središnje euharistijsko slavlje 2020. godine predvodio je u sarajevskoj katedrali kardinal Vinko Puljić, a 2021. godine u Crkvi hrvatskih mučenika na Udbini gospićko-senjski biskup Zdenko Križić.

Povezano
 Spomen-crkva Muke Isusove u Donjem Macelju
 Europski dan sjećanja na žrtve totalitarnih i autoritarnih režima – nacizma, fašizma i komunizma
 Počasni bleiburški vod

Izvori

 blagdani, Hrvatska opća enciklopedija

Vanjske poveznice
Mrežna mjesta
 Josip Bozanić, Blajburški vapaj za istinom, homilija na Blajburškom polju 13. svibnja 2007., U: Istina u ljubavi, Glas Koncila i Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2008., ISBN 9789530612563 (str. 11-37)

Blagdani u Hrvatskoj
Komemoracija komunističkih zločina
Komemoracija progona i ratnih zločina u Drugom svjetskom ratu


John Robert Wooden (October 14, 1910 – June 4, 2010) was an American basketball coach and player. Nicknamed the "Wizard of Westwood", he won ten National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) national championships in a 12-year period as head coach for the UCLA Bruins, including a record seven in a row. No other team has won more than four in a row in Division I college men's or women's basketball. Within this period, his teams won an NCAA men's basketball record 88 consecutive games. Wooden won the prestigious Henry Iba Award as national coach of the year a record seven times and won the Associated Press award five times.

As a  guard with the Purdue Boilermakers, Wooden was the first college basketball player to be named  an All-American three times, and the 1932 Purdue team on which he played as a senior was retroactively recognized as the pre-NCAA tournament national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Porretta Power Poll. He played professionally in the National Basketball League (NBL). Wooden was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player (1960) and as a coach (1973), the first person ever enshrined in both categories.

One of the most revered coaches in the history of sports, Wooden was beloved by his former players, among them Lew Alcindor (later Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) and Bill Walton. Wooden was renowned for his short, simple inspirational messages to his players (including his "Pyramid of Success") many of which were directed at how to be a success in life as well as in basketball. Wooden's 29-year coaching career and overwhelming critical acclaim for his leadership have created a legacy not only in sports but also extending to business, personal success, and organizational leadership.

Early life and playing career
John Robert Wooden was born on October 14, 1910, in Hall, Indiana, the son of Roxie (1887–1959) and Joshua Wooden (1882–1950), and moved with his family to a small farm in Centerton in 1918. He had three brothers: Maurice, Daniel, and William, and two sisters, one (unnamed) who died in infancy, and another, Harriet Cordelia, who died from diphtheria at the age of two.

When he was a boy, Wooden's role model was Fuzzy Vandivier of the Franklin Wonder Five, a legendary team that dominated Indiana high school basketball from 1919 to 1922. After his family moved to the town of Martinsville when he was 14, Wooden led his high school team to a state tournament title in 1927. He was a three-time All-State selection.

After graduating from high school in 1928, he attended Purdue University and was coached by Ward "Piggy" Lambert. The 1932 Purdue team on which he played as a senior was retroactively recognized as the pre-NCAA tournament national champion by the Helms Athletic Foundation and the Premo-Poretta Power Poll. John Wooden was named All-Big Ten and All-Midwestern (1930–32) while at Purdue, and he was the first player ever to be named a three-time consensus All-American. In 1932, he was awarded the Big Ten Medal of Honor, recognizing one student athlete from the graduating class of each Big Ten member school, for demonstrating joint athletic and academic excellence throughout their college career. He was also selected for membership in the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. Wooden is also an honorary member of Alpha Phi Omega National Service Fraternity. Wooden was nicknamed "The Indiana Rubber Man" for his suicidal dives on the hardcourt. He graduated from Purdue in 1932 with a degree in English.

After college, Wooden spent several years playing professional basketball in the NBL with the Indianapolis Kautskys, Whiting Ciesar All-Americans, and Hammond Ciesar All-Americans, while he taught and coached in the high school ranks. During one 46-game stretch, he made 134 consecutive free throws. He was named to the All-NBL First Team for the 1937–38 season.

During World War II in 1942, he joined the United States Navy. He served until 1946 and left the service as a lieutenant.

Coaching career

High school

Wooden coached two years at Dayton High School in Dayton, Kentucky. His first year at Dayton, the 1932–33 season, marked the only time he had a losing record (6–11) as a coach. After Dayton, he returned to Indiana, where he taught English, coached basketball and served as the athletic director at South Bend Central High School until entering the Armed Forces. Wooden spent two years at Dayton and nine years at Central. His high school coaching record over 11 years was 218–42.

Indiana State University
After World War II, Wooden coached at Indiana State Teachers College, later renamed Indiana State University, in Terre Haute, Indiana, from 1946 to 1948, succeeding his high school coach, Glenn M. Curtis. In addition to his duties as basketball coach, Wooden also coached baseball and served as athletic director, all while teaching and completing his master's degree in education. In 1947, Wooden's basketball team won the Indiana Intercollegiate Conference title and received an invitation to the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball (NAIB) National Tournament in Kansas City. Wooden refused the invitation, citing the NAIB's policy banning black players. One of Wooden's players, Clarence Walker, was a black man from East Chicago, Indiana.

That same year, Wooden's alma mater Purdue University asked him to return to campus and serve as an assistant to then-head coach Mel Taube until Taube's contract expired, when Wooden would take over the program. Citing his loyalty to Taube, Wooden declined the offer, because this would have effectively made Taube a lame-duck coach.

In 1948, Wooden again led Indiana State to the conference title. The NAIB had reversed its policy banning African-American players that year, and Wooden coached his team to the NAIB National Tournament final, losing to Louisville. This was the only championship game a Wooden-coached team ever lost. That year, Walker became the first African-American to play in any post-season intercollegiate basketball tournament.

UCLA

In the 1948–1949 season, Wooden was hired by the University of California, Los Angeles, to be  the fourth basketball coach in the school's history. He succeeded Fred Cozens, Caddy Works, and Wilbur Johns; Johns became the school's athletic director. Wooden signed a three-year contract for $6,000 in the first year. Prior to being hired at UCLA, he had been pursued for the head coaching position at the University of Minnesota, and it was his and his wife's desire to remain in the Midwest, but inclement weather in Minnesota prevented Wooden from receiving the scheduled phone offer from the Golden Gophers. Thinking that they had lost interest, Wooden instead accepted the head coaching job with the Bruins. Officials from the University of Minnesota contacted Wooden immediately after he accepted the position at UCLA, but he declined their offer because he had already given his word to UCLA.

Wooden had immediate success, fashioning the mark of the rarest of coaches, an "instant turnaround" for an undistinguished, faltering program. Part of this success was due to his unique offensive system, the same system that countless coaches use today. John Wooden stated, "I believe my system is perfectly suited to counter all the modern defenses I have seen, and that includes run-and-jump, 1–3–1 trapping, box-and-one, triangle-and-two, and switching man-to-man."

Prior to Wooden's arrival at UCLA, the basketball program had only had two conference championship seasons in the previous 18 years. In his first season, he took a Bruins team that had posted a 12–13 record the previous year and transformed it into a Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) Southern Division champion with a 22–7 record, the most wins in a season for UCLA since the school started playing basketball in 1919. He surpassed that number the next season with 24–7 and a second division title and overall conference title in 1950, and would add two more in his first four years. Up to that time, UCLA had collected a total of two division titles since the PCC began divisional play, and had not won a conference title of any sort since winning the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference in 1927.

In spite of these achievements, Wooden reportedly did not initially enjoy his position, and his wife did not favor living in Los Angeles. When Mel Taube left Purdue in 1950, Wooden's inclination was to return to West Lafayette and finally accept the head coaching job there. He was ultimately dissuaded when UCLA officials reminded him that it was he who had insisted upon a three-year commitment during negotiations in 1948. Wooden felt that leaving UCLA prior to the expiration of his contract would be tantamount to breaking his word, even though Purdue offered more money, a car and housing.

By the 1955–56 season, Wooden had established a record of sustained success at UCLA. That year, he guided the team to its first undefeated PCC conference title and a 17-game winning streak that came to an end only at the hands of Phil Woolpert's University of San Francisco team (who had Bill Russell and K.C. Jones) that eventually won the 1956 NCAA tournament. However, UCLA was unable to advance from this level over the immediately ensuing seasons, finding itself unable to return to the NCAA Tournament, as the Pete Newell-coached teams of the California Golden Bears took control of the conference and won the 1959 NCAA tournament. Also hampering the fortunes of Wooden's team during that time period was a probation that was imposed on all UCLA sports teams in the aftermath of a scandal that involved illegal payments made to players on the school's football team. The probation was also extended to three additional schools: the University of Southern California, California and Stanford. The scandal resulted in the dismantling of the PCC conference.

By the 1961–1962 season, the probation was no longer in place and Wooden returned his team to the top of the conference. This time, however, they would take the next step, and in so doing, unleash a run of dominance unparalleled in the history of college basketball. UCLA reached the Final Four of the NCAA tournament for the first time in school history. A narrow loss, due largely to a controversial foul call in a 1962 semi-final game against Ed Jucker's eventual national champion Cincinnati team, convinced Wooden that his Bruins were ready to contend for national championships. Two seasons later in 1964, the final piece of the puzzle fell into place when assistant coach Jerry Norman persuaded Wooden that the team's small-sized players and fast-paced offense would be complemented by the adoption of a zone press defense, which increased the probability of turnovers by the opposing team. The result was a dramatic increase in scoring, giving UCLA a powerhouse team that went 30–0 on its way to the school's first basketball national championship and first undefeated season as the Bruins beat Vic Bubas' taller and slower racially segregated Duke team 98–83 in the final. Walt Hazzard fouled out of the game late in the second half on a player control foul, but this proved to be insignificant when he cut down the net in celebration and was named tournament most valuable player. Gail Goodrich (27 points), Keith Erickson, Fred Slaughter, Jack Hirsch, and reserve Kenny Washington (26 points, 12 rebounds) contributed to the UCLA win. With no player taller than 6 feet, 5 inches, the Bruins' speed and zone press forced 29 turnovers and nullified the height advantage of Duke's Hack Tison and Jay Buckley, two 6-foot, 10-inch players.

In the 1964-1965 campaign, the defending NCAA champions got off to an ominous start when UCLA lost to Illinois by 27 points in its opening game. It was all uphill after that as the squad repeated as national champions with Gail Goodrich, Kenny Washington, and Doug McIntosh. The Bruins upended Dave Strack's Michigan team 91–80 in the finals of the NCAA tournament. Goodrich shared Player of the Year honors with Princeton's Bill Bradley. The 1966 squad was denied a chance at a triple crown when it finished second to Oregon State in the Athletic Association of Western Universities (now the Pac-12). UCLA was ineligible to play in the NCAA tournament that year because in those days only conference champions received a bid to the tournament. The Bruins' 1967 incarnation returned with a vengeance with sophomore star Alcindor, reclaiming not only the conference title, but the national crown with another 30–0 season, and then retaining it every season but one until Wooden's retirement immediately following the 1975 NCAA championship.

The resurgence of the Bruins under Wooden made it obvious that they needed a new home. Since 1932, the Bruins had played at the Men's Gym. It normally seated 2,400, but had been limited to 1,500 since 1955 by order of the city fire marshal. This forced the Bruins to move games to Pan Pacific Auditorium, the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena and other venues around Los Angeles when they were expected to attract larger crowds—something that happened fairly often after the Bruins' first national title. At Wooden's urging, a much larger on-campus facility, Pauley Pavilion, was built in time for the 1965–66 season. The building in Westwood was christened on November 27, 1965, in a special game that pitted the UCLA varsity against the UCLA freshmen. It was Lew Alcindor's (later Kareem Abdul-Jabbar) freshman season (freshmen were ineligible to play on the varsity in those days). UCLA was the defending national champion and ranked number 1 in the pre-season poll. The freshmen easily won the game by a score of 75–60. It was a powerful indication of things to come.

A rule change was instituted for the 1967–1968 season, primarily because of Alcindor's towering play near the basket. The dunk shot was outlawed and would not be reinstated until the 1976–1977 season, which was shortly after Wooden's retirement. This was at least the second time that the rules committee had initiated change in response to the domination of a superstar player; in 1944, the goaltending rule was instituted to counter George Mikan's dominant defensive play near the basket. In January, UCLA took its 47-game winning streak to the Astrodome in Houston, where the Bruins met Guy Lewis' Houston squad, who had Elvin Hayes, Don Chaney, and Ken Spain, in the Game of the Century in the nation's first nationally televised regular season college basketball game. Houston upset UCLA 71–69, as Hayes scored 39 points. In a post-game interview, Wooden said, "We have to start over." UCLA went undefeated the rest of the year and thrashed Houston 101–69 in the semi-final rematch of the NCAA tournament en route to the national championship. Sports Illustrated ran the front cover headline Lew's Revenge. The rout of Houston. UCLA limited Hayes to only 10 points; he had been averaging 37.7 points per game. Wooden credited Norman for devising the diamond-and-one defense that contained Hayes. The Game of the Century is also remembered for an incident involving Wooden and Edgar Lacy. Lacy was ineffective on defense against Elvin Hayes, and Wooden benched him after 11 minutes. Lacy never re-entered the game. Furious with Wooden, Lacy quit the team three days later, telling the Los Angeles Times "I've never enjoyed playing for that man." UCLA's talent during the 1968 NCAA tournament was so overwhelming that they placed four players on the All-Tournament team. In addition to Alcindor, Lucius Allen, Mike Warren, and "Lefty" Lynn Shackelford were given accolades. Kenny Heitz was also a member of UCLA's 1968 team.

Lew Alcindor finished his career at UCLA in 1969 with a third consecutive national championship when the Bruins beat George King's Purdue team 92–72 in the title game. The three straight titles were matched by three consecutive MVP awards in the tournament as Alcindor established himself as college basketball's superstar during the three-peat performance. Alcindor and Wooden would continue their communication even after he left UCLA. In 2017, Jabbar wrote a book, "Coach Wooden and Me", which details their long-standing friendship.

A sportswriter commented that everybody outside of UCLA would be happy that glorious day in June when Alcindor finally graduated and college basketball could go back to the routine method of determining a national champion. This prophecy would prove to be ludicrous over the next six years. The 1970 squad proved that nobody was indispensable to the success of the UCLA program, not even Alcindor, as Sidney Wicks, Henry Bibby, Curtis Rowe, John Vallely, and Kenny Booker carried the Bruins to their fourth consecutive NCAA title with an 80–69 win over upstart Jacksonville, coached by Joe Williams. Wicks and Rowe double teamed 7-foot Artis Gilmore on defense and shut down the high-powered Jacksonville offense, which had been averaging 100 points per game. Gilmore and 5'10" Rex Morgan had been dubbed "Batman and Robin" by the press.

In the 1971 NCAA championship game, Steve Patterson outscored Howard Porter of Jack Kraft's scandal-plagued Villanova squad as UCLA won 68–62. The following year, UCLA had its closest game in all of Wooden's 10 championships, beating Hugh Durham's Florida State team 81–76 to take the 1972 title. After the game, Bill Walton said, "We didn't play well."

The 1972–1973 season was one of the most memorable campaigns in the history of UCLA basketball. Freshmen became eligible to play varsity ball again, and the Bruins went 30–0 and stretched their winning streak to a record 75 straight in breezing through the NCAA tournament by blowing out Gene Bartow's Memphis State team 87–66 in the final, as Bill Walton hit an incredible 21 of 22 field goal attempts. Walton and Wooden were everybody's Player and Coach of the Year again. Keith Wilkes, Greg Lee, and Larry Hollyfield were members of that team, and Wilkes would go on to win four NBA championships as well.

UCLA's two big streaks came to an end during the 1973–1974 season. In January, the winning streak stopped at 88 games when Digger Phelps's Notre Dame squad upended the Bruins 71–70 in South Bend. Two months later, Norm Sloan's North Carolina State team defeated UCLA 80–77 in double overtime in the semifinals of the NCAA tournament. David Thompson was NC State's All-American, and Tom Burleson did an excellent job on defense against Bill Walton. UCLA had beaten the Wolfpack by 18 points early in the season, but things were different when they met in March.

Wooden coached what would prove to be his final game in Pauley Pavilion on March 1, 1975, a 93–59 victory over Stanford. Four weeks later, following a 75–74 overtime victory over former player and former assistant coach Denny Crum and Louisville in the 1975 NCAA Tournament semifinal game, Wooden announced that he would retire at age 64 immediately after the championship game. His legendary coaching career concluded triumphantly when Richard Washington and David Meyers combined for 52 points as UCLA responded with a 92–85 win over Joe B. Hall and Kentucky to claim Wooden's first career coaching victory over the Wildcats and his unprecedented 10th national championship. Marques Johnson and Andre McCarter were also key contributors on Wooden's final championship team. The success of Wooden's last team was particularly impressive because it had no marquee stars such as Alcindor, Walton, Hazzard, and Goodrich; the team was a group of rugged opportunists.

Andy Hill, who was on three Bruin teams under Wooden that won NCAA championships from 1970 to 1972, decades later co-wrote with Wooden the 2001 book Be Quick—But Don't Hurry! Finding Success in the Teachings of a Lifetime. The bestseller details how Hill applied his experience as a player under Wooden to achieve success in his career as a television executive. His goal was to demonstrate the relevance of Wooden's coaching style to the business world. The book also delves into his personal relationship with Wooden as his coach and mentor.

In 2004, a 93-year-old Wooden stated that he would not mind coming back as an assistant who could help players with practices and other light duties.

During his tenure with the Bruins, Wooden became known as the "Wizard of Westwood", though he personally disdained the nickname. He gained lasting fame with UCLA by winning 620 games in 27 seasons and 10 NCAA titles during his last 12 seasons, including seven in a row from 1967 to 1973. His UCLA teams also established an NCAA men's basketball record winning streak of 88 games and four perfect 30–0 seasons. They also won 38 straight games in NCAA tournaments and 98 straight home wins at Pauley Pavilion, where Wooden compiled a 150–3 record over 10 seasons.

"He never made more than $35,000 a year salary (not including camps and speaking engagements), including 1975, the year he won his 10th national championship, and never asked for a raise", wrote Rick Reilly of ESPN. He was given a Bruin powder blue Mercedes that season as a retirement gift. According to his own writings, Wooden turned down an offer to coach the Los Angeles Lakers from owner Jack Kent Cooke that may have been ten times what UCLA was paying him.

Head coaching record

College basketball

List of NCAA championships

Legacy

When Wooden arrived at UCLA for the 1948–1949 season, he inherited a little-known program that played in a cramped gym. He left it as a national powerhouse with 10 national championships— the most successful rebuilding project in college basketball history. John Wooden ended his UCLA coaching career with a 620–147 overall record and a winning percentage of .808. These figures do not include his two-year record at Indiana State prior to taking over the duties at UCLA.

In 2009, Wooden was named The Sporting News "Greatest Coach of All Time".

Honors
Wooden was recognized numerous times for his achievements. He was named NCAA College Basketball's Coach of the Year in 1964, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972 and 1973. In 1967, he was the Henry Iba Award USBWA College Basketball Coach of the Year. In 1972, he shared Sports Illustrated magazine's "Sportsman of the Year" award with Billie Jean King. In 1960, he was enshrined in the Basketball Hall of Fame for his achievements as a player and as a coach in 1973, becoming the first to be honoured as both a player and a coach.

After his coaching career ended, UCLA continued to honour Wooden with the title of Head Men's Basketball Coach Emeritus. On November 17, 2006, Wooden was recognised for his impact on college basketball as a member of the founding class of the National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame. He was one of five people—along with Oscar Robertson, Bill Russell, Dean Smith and Dr. James Naismith—who were selected to represent the inaugural class. In 2009, he was inducted into the Missouri Valley Conference Athletics Hall of Fame in St. Louis. Coach Wooden was the ninth honouree in the Missouri Valley Conference's Lifetime Achievement category. Wooden said the honour he was most proud of was "Outstanding Basketball Coach of the U.S". by his denomination, the Christian Church.

Since 1977, the John R. Wooden Award has been the most coveted of the four college basketball player-of-the-year awards. This award has attained the status of being the equivalent of football's Heisman Trophy for college basketball, with the winner announced during a ceremony held at the Los Angeles Athletic Club. The MVP award for the McDonald's All-American Game in high-school basketball is named the "John R. Wooden Most Valuable Player Award". The Wooden Legacy is held in his honour.

In 1998 the Coach Wooden "Keys to Life" Award was created to be given to a former player or coach who exemplifies character, leadership and faith. This Award is presented at the Legends of the Hardwood Breakfast, which is held each year at the Final Four and is hosted by Athletes in Action.

On February 3, 1984, Wooden was inducted into the Indiana State University Athletic Hall of Fame.

In 2000, Wooden was honoured with the "Lombardi Award of Excellence" from the Vince Lombardi Cancer Foundation. The award was created to honour Coach Lombardi's legacy, and is awarded annually to an individual who exemplifies the spirit of the Coach.

Wooden has schools and athletic facilities named after him. The gym at his alma mater Martinsville High School bears his name, and in 2005 a high school in the Los Angeles Unified School District was renamed to John R. Wooden High School. In 2003, UCLA dedicated the basketball court in Pauley Pavilion in honour of John and Nell Wooden. Named the "Nell & John Wooden Court", Wooden asked for the change from the original proposal of the "John & Nell Wooden Court", insisting that his wife's name should come first. In 2008, Indiana State also bestowed this honour on Wooden by naming their home court in the Hulman Center the "Nellie and John Wooden Court". The student recreation centre at UCLA is also named in his honour. Also in 2008, Wooden was honoured with a commemorative bronze plaque in the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Memorial Court of Honour because his UCLA basketball teams played six seasons in the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena. On November 8, 2008, Indiana State officially named the floor at the Hulman Centre The Nellie and John Wooden Court in honour of the legendary coach and his late wife, Nellie. The ceremony included taped comments from Coach Wooden and the participation of members of his 1946–47 and 1947–48 teams. The Sycamores christened the newly named floor by defeating the Albion College (MI) Britons in an exhibition game.

On July 23, 2003, John Wooden received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honour. It was presented by George W. Bush after a three-year campaign by Andre McCarter, who was on Wooden's 1975 National Championship team. The Ukleja Center for Ethical Leadership at California State University, Long Beach established the John Wooden Ethics in Leadership Award in 2009, with Wooden being the inaugural recipient. In 1986, John Wooden was honoured as an Outstanding Alumnus of the School of Liberal Arts at Purdue University – the first year the award was given.

In 1976, Wooden received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement.

On May 17, 2004, Wooden was awarded the Ambassador Award of Excellence by the LA Sports & Entertainment Commission at the Riviera Country Club.

On Wooden's 96th birthday in 2006, a post office in Reseda, California, near where Wooden's daughter lives, was renamed the Coach John Wooden Post Office. This act was signed by President George W. Bush based on legislation introduced by Congressman Brad Sherman.

In July 2010, Wooden's alma mater, Purdue University, named a street on campus after him.

On October 14, 2010, the Undergraduate Student Association Council of UCLA held a "John Wooden Day Celebration" to honour Wooden's 100th birthday and to commemorate his contributions to the university. A portion of the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame at Morgan Centre is a recreation of Wooden's den office in honour of his memory on campus.

Golf Digest lists Wooden as one of four people to score both a double eagle and a hole in one in the same round of golf. The feat was accomplished in 1947 at the South Bend Country Club in South Bend, Indiana.

The flagship leadership development program of Wooden's fraternity, Beta Theta Pi, is named "The John and Nellie Wooden Institute for Men of Principle" after Coach Wooden and his wife, Nellie. Coach Wooden's maxims and creed are central to the teaching of leadership development at the institute.

On October 26, 2012, a bronze statue of Wooden by sculptor Blair Buswell was dedicated at the newly renovated Pauley Pavilion.

Wooden's Legacy, a 2012 public artwork statue by Jeffrey Rouse, is exhibited in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Following Wooden
Three of Wooden's former players would take over the program and leave within a few years. Gene Bartow, Gary Cunningham, Larry Brown, and Larry Farmer were the four coaches who entered and left UCLA in the nine years following Wooden. One former UCLA head coach, former ESPN analyst and former St. John's head coach Steve Lavin (fired from UCLA in 2003), has said "The mythology and pathology of UCLA basketball isn't going to change" due to Wooden's legacy and believes that every basketball coach will eventually be fired or forced out from UCLA.

Bartow, Wooden's immediate successor at UCLA, went 28–5 in 1976, but was blown out twice that season by Bob Knight's eventual undefeated national-champion Indiana Hoosiers, the second time in the Final Four, and lost 76–75 in the 1977 West Region semifinals to Idaho State.
Bartow won 85.2% of his games (compared to Wooden's 80.8%) in two years, yet supposedly received death threats from unsatisfied UCLA fans.

Wooden himself often joked about being a victim of his own success, calling his successors on the phone and playfully identifying himself ominously as "we the alumni..." In his autobiography, Wooden recounts walking off the court in 1975 after his last game as a coach, having just won his tenth title, only to have a UCLA fan walk up and say, "Great win coach, this makes up for letting us down last year" (UCLA had lost in the semifinals in double overtime in 1974 to eventual national champion North Carolina State).

Bartow's successor, Wooden protege Gary Cunningham, posted an even better two-year record after Bartow, .862 (50–8) and No. 2 rankings each year, but could not proceed past two wins in the NCAAs, and left. Larry Brown came next, racking up more losses, 17, in two years than UCLA had experienced the previous four. With a near-magical end-of-season run typical of his career, he managed to coach UCLA into the title game in 1980, where the Bruins lost to Louisville, coached by Denny Crum. Coincidentally, Crum had played for Wooden at UCLA before working for him there as an assistant coach. Brown then left UCLA. Former UCLA players Larry Farmer and Walt Hazzard then took turns directing the UCLA program from 1981 to 1988. Hazzard's 1985 team won the National Invitation Tournament.

UCLA went 20 years after Wooden's retirement before winning another national championship, finally hanging a banner again in 1995 under coach Jim Harrick, when Ed O'Bannon starred for the Bruins as they beat Arkansas 89–78 in the title game and denied Nolan Richardson back-to-back titles. In 2006, Ben Howland led the team back to the national championship game for the first time since the 1995 title game, but they were defeated 73–57 by the Florida Gators and their star player Joakim Noah. Harrick was the only coach of John Wooden's nine successors who has guided the Bruins to an NCAA championship.

Personal life
Wooden met his future wife, Nellie "Nell" Riley, when he was a freshman in high school They were both 21 years of age when they married in a small ceremony in Indianapolis in August 1932 and afterward attended a Mills Brothers concert at the Circle Theatre to celebrate. The couple had a son, James Hugh Wooden, and a daughter, Nancy Anne Muehlhausen. Nellie died on March 21, 1985 from cancer at age 73.

Wooden remained devoted to Nellie's memory until his own death 25 years after her passing. He kept to a monthly ritual—health permitting—on the 21st of every month, when he would visit her crypt in the mausoleum, then write a love letter to her. After completing each letter, he placed it in an envelope and added it to a stack of similar letters that accumulated over the years on the pillow she slept on during their life together. Wooden stopped writing the letters because of failing eyesight in the last months of his life.

In mourning Nellie's death, Wooden was comforted by his faith. He was a devout Christian, considering his beliefs more important to him than basketball: "I have always tried to make it clear that basketball is not the ultimate. It is of small importance in comparison to the total life we live. There is only one kind of life that truly wins, and that is the one that places faith in the hands of the Savior." Wooden's faith strongly influenced his life. He read the Bible daily and attended the First Christian Church. He said that he hoped his faith was apparent to others: "If I were ever prosecuted for my religion, I truly hope there would be enough evidence to convict me."

In a 2009 interview, he described himself politically as a "liberal Democrat", who had voted for some Republican presidential candidates.

Final years and death

Wooden was in good physical health until the later years of his life. On April 3, 2006, he spent three days in a Los Angeles hospital, receiving treatment for diverticulitis. He was hospitalized again in 2007 for bleeding in the colon, with his daughter quoted as saying her father was "doing well" upon his subsequent release. Wooden was hospitalized on March 1, 2008, after a fall in his home. He broke his left wrist and his collarbone in the fall, but remained in good condition according to his daughter and was given around-the-clock supervision. In February 2009, he was hospitalized for four weeks with pneumonia.

On May 26, 2010, Wooden was admitted to the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center after suffering from dehydration. He remained hospitalized there and died of natural causes at age 99 on June 4, 2010. He was survived by his son, daughter, three grandsons, four granddaughters, and 13 great-grandchildren. Following a private ceremony, Wooden was interred with his wife Nellie in an outdoor community mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles. A public memorial service was held two weeks later at UCLA's Pauley Pavilion.

Seven Point Creed
John Wooden's Seven Point Creed was given to him by his father Joshua upon his graduation from grammar school:

 Be true to yourself.
 Make each day your masterpiece.
 Help others.
 Drink deeply from good books, especially the Bible.
 Make friendship a fine art.
 Build a shelter against a rainy day.
 Pray for guidance and give thanks for your blessings every day.

Wooden also lectured and authored a book about the Pyramid of Success. The Pyramid of Success consists of philosophical building blocks for succeeding at basketball and at life. In his later years he was hired by corporations to deliver inspirational lectures and even appeared in commercials for Hartford Insurance and the NCAA. Following his death in June 2010—shortly after the basketball season— all UCLA sports teams wore either a patch or helmet sticker with the initials "JRW" inside a black pyramid for the remainder of the season, in honor of his philosophy. Furthermore, the men's basketball team continues to wear the patch as of 2019, though not in black. It is generally known that he received lecture fees that exceeded the salaries he was paid as a coach. Wooden proudly claimed that these late in life windfalls allowed him to set up education accounts for all of his grandchildren. At the top of the Pyramid of Success was "Competitive Greatness" which Wooden defined as "Perform at your best when your best is required. Your best is required each day."Bergin, Mark. "Atop the pyramid". WORLD magazine. July 3, 2010: 78

Wooden was also the author of several other books about basketball and life.

Among Wooden's maxims:
Failing to prepare is preparing to fail (from Benjamin Franklin)
Flexibility is the key to stability
Be quick, but don't hurry
Seek opportunities to show you care. The smallest gestures often make the biggest difference

Publications
 John Wooden and Steve Jamison (2010) The Wisdom of Wooden: My Century On and Off the Court, McGraw-Hill Education.
 John Wooden and Don Yaeger (2009) A Game Plan for Life: The Power of Mentoring, Bloomsbury USA.
 John Wooden and Steve Jamison (2009) Coach Wooden's Leadership Game Plan for Success: 12 Lessons for Extraordinary Performance and Personal Excellence, McGraw-Hill Professional.
 John Wooden and Steve Jamison (2007) The Essential Wooden: A Lifetime of Lessons on Leaders and Leadership, McGraw-Hill Education.
 John Wooden with Swen Nater (2006) John Wooden's UCLA Offense, Human Kinetics.
 John Wooden and Steve Jamison (2005) Wooden on Leadership: How to Create a Winning Organization, McGraw-Hill Education.
 John Wooden, Jay Carty (2005) Coach Wooden's Pyramid of Success Playbook, Revell.
 John Wooden with Steve Jamison (2004) My Personal Best, McGraw-Hill Professional.
 John Wooden with Jack Tobin (2003) They Call Me Coach, McGraw-Hill Professional.
(1985) Hardcover Revised Edition. Word Books.
 John Wooden, Jay Carty (2003) Coach Wooden One-on-One, Regal.
 Andrew Hill with John Wooden (2001) Be Quick – But Don't Hurry: Finding Success in the Teachings of a Lifetime, Simon & Schuster
 John Wooden with Steve Jamison (1997) Wooden: A Lifetime of Observations and Reflections On and Off the Court, Contemporary Books.
 John Wooden (1966) Practical Modern Basketball. The Ronald Press Company.

See also

 List of college men's basketball coaches with 600 wins
 List of NCAA Division I Men's Final Four appearances by coach

Notes

References

Further reading
 Morrow, Barbara Olenyik. Hardwood Glory: A Life of John Wooden (Indiana Historical Society, 2014)
 Nader, Swen and Ronald Gallimore. You Haven't Taught Until They Have Learned: John Wooden's Teaching Principles and Practices (FiT Publishing, 2010)
 Davis, Seth. Wooden: A Coach's Life (St. Martin's Griffin, 2014)

External links

 John Wooden Biography and Interview with American Academy of Achievement

1910 births
2010 deaths
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
American motivational writers
Basketball coaches from Indiana
Basketball players from Indiana
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
College basketball announcers in the United States
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Guards (basketball)
Hammond Ciesar All-Americans players
High school basketball coaches in Indiana
High school basketball coaches in Kentucky
Indianapolis Kautskys players
Indiana State University people
Indiana State Sycamores athletic directors
Indiana State Sycamores baseball coaches
Indiana State Sycamores men's basketball coaches
Indiana State University alumni
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
People from Morgan County, Indiana
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Purdue Boilermakers men's basketball players
UCLA Bruins men's basketball coaches
United States Navy officers
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Whiting Ciesar All-Americans players

John Wooden


An Rytidosperma subulatum in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni Achille Richard, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Thomas Arthur Cope. An Rytidosperma subulatum in nahilalakip ha genus nga Rytidosperma, ngan familia nga Poaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Rytidosperma

Rytidosperma subulatum


Araucária es un municipio brasileño del estado de Paraná. La población contabilizada en 2010 es de 119 207 habitantes.

Localización y acceso
Integrado a la Región Metropolitana de Curitiba, en la primera meseta paranaense, ocupa un área de 460,85 km², se encuentra a 857 m sobre el nivel del mar. Situada en los márgenes del Río Iguazú, es cortada por la BR-476, la Carretera del Xisto, vía de interconexión de la Región Sudoeste del País. Está a 27 km del centro de Curitiba.

División territorial

Como Araucária es un municipio bastante extenso territorialmente, está dividido en barrios grandes y estos divididos en lotes. El área urbana representa cerca de un tercio del territorio municipal.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Prefectura Municipal de Araucária
 Compañía de Desarrollo de Araucária
 Compañía Municipal de Transporte Colectivo
 Asociación Comercial, Industrial y Agropecuaria de Araucária
vinicius silva

Localidades de Paraná

Araucária (Paraná)


Ebru Gündeş (d. 12 Ekim 1974, İstanbul), Türk şarkıcı, sunucu ve oyuncu.

Erken dönemi
Konfeksiyon işçisi iken Neşe Demirkat ile tanışan Gündeş, Koral Sarıtaş ile Selçuk Tekay'ın bulunduğu Marş Müzik Yapım ile anlaştı. Gündeş, albüm hazırlıklarına başlamadan önce Emel Sayın'a vokalistlik yaptı.

Kariyeri

1993-1997
1993 yılında Tanrı Misafiri adlı ilk albümü piyasaya çıkar. Selçuk Tekay'ın prodüktörlüğünü, Özkan Turgay'ın aranjörlüğünü yaptığı albümde Gündeş, ilk albümünde milyonluk satış rakamına ulaşır.

Ebru Gündeş, ilk albümün ardından hemen ikinci albümün hazırlıklarına başlar ve ertesi yıl Tatlı Bela yayınlanır. Genç sanatçı, Tatlı Belada bu sefer ağırlıklı olarak slow ve romantik parçalar seslendirir. Bu albümle Gündeş, 1. Kral TV Video Müzik Ödülleri'nde 'En İyi Kadın TSM Sanatçısı' kategorisinde aday gösterilse de ödülü kazanamamıştır.

Ben Daha Büyümedim adlı üçüncü albümü 1995 yılında çıkar. Albüm, "Fırtınalar" adlı ilk hitiyle ses getirirken Gündeş, "Ben Daha Büyümedim" ve "Çok mu Gördünüz" adlı parçalarla eleştirilere sitem eder. Bu albüm, Ebru Gündeş'in müzik hayatında Serdar Ortaç'la olan birlikteliğinin de başlangıcı olur. Ebru Gündeş, 1996'da 2. Kral TV Video Müzik Ödülleri'nde 'En İyi Kadın TSM Sanatçısı' ve Yılın En İyi Şarkısı ödüllerini alarak geceye damgasını vurur. Ebru Gündeş, 1996, 1997, 1999 yıllarında 3 kez En İyi Türk Sanat Müziği Kadın Sanatçı Ödülü'nü kazanarak bu ödülü en çok kazanan kişi olmuştur.

Kurtlar Sofrası adlı dördüncü albümü 1996 tarihinde çıkar. Bu arada oyunculuk tekliflerini de değerlendiren Ebru Gündeş, albümlerinin ismini taşıyan televizyon dizilerinde başrol alır.

1998-2000
İki yıllık bir aranın ardından 1998 yılında Sen Allah'ın Bir Lütfusun adlı albümü müzik marketlerdeki yerini alır. Albüm, Selçuk Tekay'ın yanında Kerem Ökten'in yönetmenliği ve aranjörlüğünde gerçekleşir. Albümle aynı adı taşıyan Kerem Ökten imzalı parça, "Sen Allah'ın Bir Lütfusun", başta 1998 yılının ödüllerinin verildiği 5. Kral TV Video Müzik Ödülleri'nde TSM En İyi Kadın Sanatçı Ödülü'nü Ebru Gündeş'e 3. ve son kez kazandırmakla beraber, yine aynı ödül töreninde Yılın En İyi Şarkısı Ödülü'ne aday gösterilir. 'Sen Allah'ın Bir Lütfusun' albümünde on iki şarkı yer alır.

Ebru Gündeş 1999 yılında hayranlarının karşısına yepyeni bir albümle çıktı. Dön Ne Olur adını taşıyan bu albümünün stüdyodaki tanıtımı sırasında, basın mensupları önünde beyin kanaması geçiren 25 yaşındaki Ebru Gündeş, bir süre hastanede kaldıktan sonra, uzun bir süre de dinlenerek hayranlarından uzak kaldı. Tarık Ağansoy'un düzenlemelerini yaptığı albümde, genç söz yazarı ve bestecilerin de parçaları bulunuyor. Sezgin Büyük, Altan Çetin, Sinan Özşeker, Ertuğrul Polat, Hakkı Yalçın'ın yanı sıra Sezen Aksu'nun unutulmaz "Hata" parçası da albümde yer alıyor.

Uzun bir süre dinlenme döneminin ardından, ilk konserini 11 Mart 2000 gecesi Bostancı Gösteri Merkezi'nde veren Ebru Gündeş, konserin tüm gelirini Haydarpaşa Numune Eğitim ve Araştırma Vakfı Hastanesi Reanimasyon Kliniği'ne bağışladı.

2001-günümüz

TGRT kanalında yayınlanmış ve sunuculuğunu Ebru Gündeş'in yaptığı televizyon programında Gündeş'in 'Yaşadıklarımdan öğrendiğim bir şey var' adlı Ataol Behramoğlu'na ait şiirden 2 kıtayı telif hakkı ödemeden izinsiz defalarca okumasının ardından Behramoğlu tarafından Gündeş ve yapımcı, yayıncı firmalar aleyhine maddi ve manevi tazminat davası açılmıştır. Öte yandan 2013 yılından itibaren O Ses Türkiye adlı yarışmada jüri üyeliğini yürüten Gündeş, 2016 yılında jüri üyeliğinden ayrılmıştır. 2020'de Seda Sayan'ın jüri üyeliğinden ayrılması üzerine Gündeş tekrar jüri üyeliğine geri dönmüştür.

Kişisel hayatı
Ebru Gündeş, ilk evliliğini 16 yaşındayken Hamdi Vardar ile, ikinci evliliğini de 2002 yılında avukat Ömer Durak ile yapan Gündeş, 2010 yılında İran Azerisi iş insanı Rıza Sarraf'la evlenmiştir. 15 Ekim 2011'de kızı Alara doğmuştur. ABD'nin İran yaptırımlarını ihlal suçlamasıyla 2016'da tatil için gittiği Miami'de tutuklan Sarraf, serberst bırakıldıktan sonra Türkiye'ye geri dönmedi. Mayıs 2021'de, Sarraf'ın kendisini aldattığı iddiasıyla Bodrum Aile Mahkemesi'nde dava açan Gündeş, 11 yıllık evliliğini sona erdirerek anlaşmalı olarak boşandı.

Diskografi

Albümleri

Single'ları

Videografi

Filmografisi

Oyuncu olarak

Ödülleri ve adaylıkları

Kaynakça

Dış bağlantılar

 YouTube'da Ebru Gündeş

 Spotify'da Ebru Gündeş
 Apple Music'da Ebru Gündeş
 Amazon Music'da Ebru Gündeş
 Deezer'de Ebru Gündeş

 Diziler.com'da Ebru Gündeş

Yaşayan insanlar

1974 doğumlular
İstanbul doğumlu kadın şarkıcılar
Türk arabesk şarkıcıları
Türk kadın dizi oyuncuları
Arabesk-pop
Altın Kelebek Ödülü sahipleri
Klasik Türk müziği şarkıcıları
20. yüzyılda Türk kadın şarkıcılar
21. yüzyılda Türk kadın şarkıcılar
Kral TV Video Müzik Ödülü sahipleri
1990'ların şarkıcıları
2000'lerin şarkıcıları
2010'ların şarkıcıları
2020'lerin şarkıcıları
Raks Müzik sanatçıları
Universal Müzik sanatçıları
Erol Köse Production sanatçıları
Emre Plak sanatçıları

Ebru Gündeş


Stadion Allé er et meget anvendt dansk vejnavn og refererer bl.a. til følgende:

 Stadion Allé (Aarhus)
 Stadion Allé (Auning)
 Stadion Allé (Bindslev)
 Stadion Allé (Brande)
 Stadion Allé (Fårup)
 Stadion Allé (Gesten)
 Stadion Allé (Grenaa)
 Stadion Allé (Haderslev)
 Stadion Allé (Hampen)
 Stadion Allé (Hedensted)
 Stadion Allé (Højslev)
 Stadion Allé (Hørsholm)
 Stadion Allé (Ikast)
 Stadion Allé (Kalundborg)
 Stadion Allé (Kolind)
 Stadion Allé (Kjellerup)
 Stadion Allé (Nykøbing Mors)
 Stadion Allé (Ringsted)
 Stadion Allé (Spøttrup)
 Stadion Allé (Stakroge)
 Stadion Allé (Struer)
 Stadion Allé (Støvring)
 Stadion Allé (Sønder Omme)
 Stadion Allé (Silkeborg)
 Stadion Allé (Vejle)
 Stadion Allé (Viborg)
 Stadion Allé (Vojens)

Stadion Allé


مقاطعة ألبة أو ألافا (بالإسبانية: Álava، بالباسكية: Araba، العربية: ألبة) مقاطعة إسبانية تقع في شمال الدولة، تقع ضمن حدود منطقة إقليم الباسك. عاصمتها هي مدينة فيتوريا-غاستايز، تنقسم المقاطعة إلى 51 بلدية.

الجغرافيا
تقع مقاطعة ألبة في شمال إسبانيا تحدها من الشمال مقاطعة بيسكاي ومقاطعة غيبوثكوا، ومن الجنوب مقاطعة لا ريوخا، ومن الشرق مقاطعة نابارا، ومن الغرب مقاطعة برغش. تبلغ مساحة مقاطعة ألافا 3.037,50 كم².

الديموغرافيا
يبلغ عدد سكان مقاطعة ألبة 319.227 نسمة عام 2011 (وفقاً للمعهد الوطني للإحصاء الإسباني).

فيما يلي قائمة أكبر البلديات من حيث عدد السكان (بتاريخ 1 يناير 2011):
 فيتوريا-غاستايز 239.562 نسمة
 يوديو 18.494 نسمة
 أموريو 10.014 نسمة
 سالفاتيررا 4.884 نسمة
 أويون 3.284 نسمة
 إيرونا دي أوكا 2.966 نسمة
 آيالا 2.880 نسمة
 ألغيريا 2.803 نسمة
 زويا 2.424 نسمة
 أرتزينيغا 1.843 نسمة

مراجع

مصادر
  الموقع الرسمي لمقاطعة ألافا
  الموقع الرسمي لإدارة السياحة في مقاطعة ألافا

مقاطعة ألافا

ألبة (مقاطعة)


Das Bundesgericht (BGer; , TF; , TF; , TF) er Forbundsrepublikken Schweizs øverste domstol. Som del af justitsvæsenet udgør den en af de tre statsmagter i det schweiziske politiske system.

Bundesgricht har sit hovedsæde i Forbundsretsbygningen i Lausanne i Vaud Begge de socialretslige afdelinger af Bundesgericht befinder sig dog i Luzern. Forbundsforsamlingen vælger de 38 forbundsdommere. Den nuværende retspræsident er Gilbert Kolly.

Bundesgericht er sidste instans i civile sager (borger mod borger), i offentlige sager (borger mod stat) men også i stridigheder mellem kantonerne eller mellem kantoner og forbundsstaten. I menneskeretlige sager kan Bundesgericht dog underkendes af Den Europæiske Menneskerettighedsdomstol.

Eksterne Henvisninger

 Bundesgerichts Hjemmeside
 Werner Brüschweiler: Bundesgericht i Historischen Lexikon der Schweiz

Referencer

Højesteretter
Schweiz

Bundesgericht (Schweiz)


A graphical model or probabilistic graphical model (PGM) or structured probabilistic model is a probabilistic model for which a graph expresses the conditional dependence structure between random variables. They are commonly used in probability theory, statistics—particularly Bayesian statistics—and machine learning.

Types of graphical models
Generally, probabilistic graphical models use a graph-based representation as the foundation for encoding a  distribution over a multi-dimensional space and a graph that is a compact or factorized representation of a set of independences that hold in the specific distribution. Two branches of graphical representations of distributions are commonly used, namely, Bayesian networks and Markov random fields. Both families encompass the properties of factorization and independences, but they differ in the set of independences they can encode and the factorization of the distribution that they induce.

Undirected Graphical Model

The undirected graph shown may have one of several interpretations; the common feature is that the presence of an edge implies some sort of dependence between the corresponding random variables.  From this graph we might deduce that  are all mutually independent, once  is known, or (equivalently in this case) that

for some non-negative functions  .

Bayesian network

If the network structure of the model is a directed acyclic graph, the model represents a factorization of the joint probability of all random variables.  More precisely, if the events are  then the joint probability satisfies

where  is the set of parents of node  (nodes with edges directed towards ).  In other words, the joint distribution factors into a product of conditional distributions. For example, in the directed acyclic graph shown in the Figure this factorization would be
.

Any two nodes are conditionally independent given the values of their parents.  In general, any two sets of nodes are conditionally independent given a third set if a criterion called d-separation holds in the graph.  Local independences and global independences are equivalent in Bayesian networks.

This type of graphical model is known as a directed graphical model, Bayesian network, or belief network. Classic machine learning models like hidden Markov models, neural networks and newer models such as variable-order Markov models can be considered special cases of Bayesian networks.

One of the simplest Bayesian Networks is the Naive Bayes classifier.

Cyclic Directed Graphical Models

The next figure depicts a graphical model with a cycle.  This may be interpreted in terms of each variable 'depending' on the values of its parents in some manner.
The particular graph shown suggests a joint probability density that factors as
,
but other interpretations are possible.

Other types
Dependency network  where cycles are allowed
Tree-augmented classifier or TAN model

Targeted Bayesian network learning (TBNL)
A factor graph is an undirected bipartite graph connecting variables and factors. Each factor represents a function over the variables it is connected to. This is a helpful representation for understanding and implementing belief propagation.
 A clique tree or junction tree is a tree of cliques, used in the junction tree algorithm.
 A chain graph is a graph which may have both directed and undirected edges, but without any directed cycles (i.e. if we start at any vertex and move along the graph respecting the directions of any arrows, we cannot return to the vertex we started from if we have passed an arrow). Both directed acyclic graphs and undirected graphs are special cases of chain graphs, which can therefore provide a way of unifying and generalizing Bayesian and Markov networks.
 An ancestral graph is a further extension, having directed, bidirected and undirected edges.
 Random field techniques
 A Markov random field, also known as a Markov network, is a model over an undirected graph. A graphical model with many repeated subunits can be represented with plate notation.
 A conditional random field is a discriminative model specified over an undirected graph.
 A restricted Boltzmann machine is a bipartite generative model specified over an undirected graph.

Applications
The framework of the models, which provides algorithms for discovering and analyzing structure in complex distributions  to describe them succinctly and extract the unstructured information, allows them to be constructed and utilized effectively. Applications of graphical models include causal inference, information extraction, speech recognition, computer vision, decoding of low-density parity-check codes, modeling of gene regulatory networks, gene finding and diagnosis of diseases, and graphical models for protein structure.

See also
 Belief propagation
 Structural equation model

Notes

Further reading

Books and book chapters

  A more advanced and statistically oriented book

  A computational reasoning approach, where the relationships between graphs and probabilities were formally introduced.

Journal articles

Other
Heckerman's Bayes Net Learning Tutorial
A Brief Introduction to Graphical Models and Bayesian Networks
Sargur Srihari's lecture slides on probabilistic graphical models

External links
 Graphical models and Conditional Random Fields
 Probabilistic Graphical Models taught by Eric Xing at CMU

Bayesian statistics

Graphical model


Robert Eudeline, né en 1874 et mort en 1959 à Villemeux-sur-Eure, est un manager de boxe français.

Biographie

Après avoir découvert la boxe contre des marins anglais dans les cafés du Havre, il devient manager à Paris en 1909 à la salle du boulevard Rochechouart. Il gère les carrières de quinze champions de France, du champion d'Europe belge Arthur Wyns et du champion du monde Eugène Criqui. Il s'occupe également du jeune André Routis avant qu'il ne soit champion du monde. Les tenues des boxeurs de son écurie portent un short blanc avec une étoile noire sur la cuisse gauche. Après la Grande Guerre, ils y ajoutent un crêpe noir à la ceinture en souvenir de Georges Bernard, l'un des premiers grands champions du « manager sans chapeau ». Eudeline organise des tournées internationales en Australie (1920-1921) et aux États-Unis (1925-1926). En 1928, il devient entraîneur de Primo Carnera. Après de multiples mésaventures, l'étoile noire devient un signe de malchance. La mort sur le ring de son boxeur Charles Péguilhan met un terme à sa grande écurie de boxeurs. Ami avec de nombreux dirigeants sportifs comme Paul Rousseau ou Armand Massard, il se retire après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. En 1948, un gala de boxe est organisé à Pantin au profil de celui que l'on surnomme le « roi des managers ».

Notes et références

Naissance en 1874
Décès en 1959
Décès dans l'Eure
Entraîneur de boxe anglaise

Robert Eudeline


Šime Šugar Ivanov (Kolan, 1830. – Kolan, 1911.), hrvatski pučki pjesnik. Paški povjesničar Nikola Crnković prikazao je Šugara kao začetnika autorskog pučkog pjesništva na Pagu. Danas se po Šimu Šugaru Ivanovu zove općinska knjižnica Općine Kolan.

Izvori

Životopisi, Pag
Hrvatski pjesnici

Šime Šugar


La variación de la entalpía estándar de combustión es la variación de la entalpía cuando un mol de una sustancia reacciona completamente con oxígeno bajo condiciones normales de presión y temperatura (aunque los valores experimentales son por lo general obtenidos bajo condiciones diferentes y posteriormente ajustadas). Por definición, las reacciones de combustión son siempre exotérmicas y por lo tanto las entalpías de combustión siempre son negativas, si bien los valores para las combustiones individuales pueden variar.

Comúnmente se denota como  o . Cuando la entalpía necesaria no es una combustión, se puede representar como . Las entalpías de combustión se miden normalmente con una bomba de calorimetría, y se mide en unidades de energía (por lo general kJ); estrictamente hablando, el cambio de entalpía por mol de sustancia quemada es la entalpía normal molar de combustión (que generalmente se mide en unidades de kJ mol−1).

Enlaces externos
 NIST Chemistry WebBook

Entalpía

Variación de la entalpía estándar de combustión


كفر حسان إحدى قرى مركز سمنود التابع لمحافظة الغربية بجمهورية مصر العربية.

السكان
بلغ عدد سكان كفر حسان 6,176 نسمة، حسب الإحصاء الرسمي لعام 2006.

انظر أيضاً
 قائمة قرى محافظة الغربية

مصادر

الوحدة المحلية لقرية ميت عساس (سمنود)

كفر حسان


Gilpin is an English surname, and may refer to:

 Betty Gilpin (born 1986), American actress
 Bernard Gilpin (1517–1583), English theologian influential in the emerging Church of England
 Charles Gilpin, multiple people
 Diane Gilpin, developing shipping that uses sustainable energy sources
 George Gilpin (1514–1602), English diplomat and one of Queen Elizabeth I's most trusted agents
 Harry Gilpin (1876–1950), British politician and businessman
 Henry D. Gilpin (1801–1860), American lawyer and Attorney General of the United States, son of Joshua Gilpin
 Jack Gilpin (born 1951), American actor
 John Gilpin, 18th century person who was the basis for William Cowper's ballad The Diverting History of John Gilpin
 John Gilpin (dancer) (1930–1983), English ballet dancer and actor
 Joshua Gilpin (1765–1840) American paper manufacturer
 Laura Gilpin (1891–1979), American photographer
 Peri Gilpin (born 1961), American actress best known for her work on the television show Frasier
 Sir Richard Gilpin, 1st Baronet (1801–1882), MP for the Bedfordshire Constituency
 Richard Gilpin (1625–1700), English nonconformist minister and physician
 Robert Gilpin, American economist, political scientist and professor
 Sally Gilpin, English ballet dancer and choreographer
 Sawrey Gilpin (1733–1807), English animal painter, illustrator and etcher
 Steve Gilpin (1950–1992), New Zealand singer
 William Gilpin (bishop) (1902–1988), Anglican Bishop of Kingston upon Thames
 William Gilpin (governor) (1813–1894), American explorer, politician, land speculator, soldier and writer, son of Joshua Gilpin
 William Gilpin (priest) (1724–1804, English artist, Anglican cleric, schoolmaster and author, best known as one of the originators of the idea of the picturesque
 William Sawrey Gilpin (1762–1843), English artist, drawing master and landscape designer

de:Gilpin
fr:Gilpin
pl:Gilpin

Gilpin (surname)


Sphenorhina rubra é uma espécie do gênero Sphenorhina.

Sphenorhina
Auchenorrhyncha

Sphenorhina rubra


John Martin (Gosford, Nueva Gales del Sur; 8 de julio de 1984) es un piloto de automovilismo australiano, que actualmente compite en carreras de resistencia de su país. Obtuvo 8 victorias en la Superleague Fórmula, y contribuyó a que su país se consagrará campeón en la categoría en 2011. Luego, logró varias victorias de clase en el Campeonato Mundial de Resistencia, y resultó tercero absoluto en las 24 Horas de Daytona de 2014.

Carrera

Karting
 2004: Pole y 2º en el Australian Resa nationals además de participar en otros campeonatos australianos
 2003: Geelong Ford Kartstars''', Australia
 2002: 1º en el campeonato estatal Resa Queensland 2001: 5º en los Resa nationals''

Fórmulas
Finalizó 28º en 2007 en el Masters de Fórmula 3. Se unió al A1 Team y condujo para ellos en la A1 Grand Prix durante las temporadas 2007–08 y 2008–09. Martin pilotó para el Rangers F.C. en la temporada 2009 de Superleague Fórmula con una victoria de 13 carreras. En la temporada 2010 con el Atlético Madrid y el Beijing Guoan disputó 29 carreras, consiguió 6 victorias y finalizó en 20 ocasiones en el top-ten.
En 2011 se proclama campeón de la SF al anunciarse que se cancelaban las rondas asiáticas y por tanto se da fin a la temporada habiéndose disputado tan solo 2 rondas.

Resistencia
En 2012, Martin pasa a competir en las carreras de resistencia, disputando el Campeonato Mundial de Resistencia con un Oreca 03 de la clase LMP2 del equipo de Alan Docking. Logró 4 victorias de clase, y un cuarto lugar de clase en ocho fechas, por lo que ayudó a que su equipo resultará subcampeón en el campeonato de equipos en la clase LMP2 por detrás de Starworks.

Al año siguiente, condujo un Oreca 03 de G-Drive. Junto con Roman Rusinov y Mike Conway cosecharon cuatro triunfos de clase y un segundo lugar de clase, sin embargo los malos resultados que obtuvieron en el inicio de la temporada, incluyendo un descalificación en las 24 Horas de Le Mans, hicieron que Martin, Rusinov y Conway terminen séptimo en el campeonato de pilotos de la clase LMP2 detrás de las dos tríos de pilotos del equipo OAK Racing. También ayudaron a que el equipo finalice tercero en el campeonato de equipos de la clase.

Estadísticas

† Estadísticas del Equipo

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Sitio web oficial
 John Martin en Driver Database

Pilotos de automovilismo de Australia
Pilotos de las 24 Horas de Le Mans
Pilotos de World Series Fórmula V8 3.5
Pilotos del Campeonato Mundial de Resistencia de la FIA
Pilotos de A1 Grand Prix
Pilotos de Superleague Fórmula
Pilotos de la Copa Porsche Carrera

John Martin (piloto)


An Stelis roseopunctata in uska species han Liliopsida nga syahan ginhulagway ni John Lindley, ngan ginhatag han pagkayana nga asya nga ngaran ni Ined.. An Stelis roseopunctata in nahilalakip ha genus nga Stelis, ngan familia nga Orchidaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Stelis (Orchidaceae)

Stelis roseopunctata


Brahima Ouattara, né le  à Koko en Côte d'Ivoire, est un footballeur ivoirien qui évolue au poste de milieu offensif au FK Auda.

Biographie

En club
Né à Koko en Côte d'Ivoire, Brahima Ouattara est formé par le RC Abidjan, qu'il rejoint en 2010. Il signe en faveur de l'OGC Nice en .

Ouattara est directement prêté en  jusqu'à la fin de la saison au FC Lausanne-Sport. Il joue son premier match dès le , lors d'une rencontre de championnat face au Young Boys de Berne. Il entre en jeu à la place de Pedro Brazão et se fait remarquer en inscrivant également son premier but, mais son équipe s'incline tout de même par quatre buts à deux.

Le , Ouattara voit son prêt prolongé au Lausanne-Sport.

Lors de l'été 2023, Brahima Ouattara s'engage en faveur du club letton du FK Auda.

En sélection
Brahima Ouattara représente l'équipe de Côte d'Ivoire des moins de 20 ans en 2020, inscrivant deux buts en quatre matchs.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur ivoirien
Joueur du FC Lausanne-Sport
Joueur du Neuchâtel Xamax FCS
Joueur du FK Auda
Naissance en novembre 2002
Naissance en Côte d'Ivoire

Brahima Ouattara


Brokstedt er en by og kommune i det nordlige Tyskland, beliggende i Amt Kellinghusen i den nordøstlige del af Kreis Steinburg. Kreis Steinburg ligger i sydvestlige del af delstaten Slesvig-Holsten.

Geografi
Brokstedt ligger 9 km nordøst for Kellinghusen. Floderne Brokstedter Au og Stör løber gennem kommunen. Brokstedt ligger ved jernbanen mellem Hamborg og Kiel, på strækningen mellem Elmshorn og Neumünster.

Eksterne kilder/henvisninger

 Kommunens websted.
 Statistikamt Nord – Bevölkerung der Gemeinden in Schleswig-Holstein 4. Quartal 2014 (XLSX-Data) (Fortschreibung auf Basis des Zensus 2011)

Byer i Slesvig-Holsten
Byer i Kreis Steinburg

Brokstedt


Dolly zoom, sinemada kullanılan bir kamera özel efektidir. Film kamerasını taşıyan ve "dolly" adı verilen kaydırma arabası veya vinç ileri veya geriye doğru çekilirken kameranın bunun tersine bir optik yaklaştırma veya uzaklaştırma işlemi (zoom in veya zoom out) yapmasına "dolly zoom" adı verilir. Dolly zoom işleminde, merkezdeki obje perdede sabit kalırken önünde ve arkasındaki nesneler hızla değişen objektif açısının çarpıtmalarına uğrayarak özel görsel efektler oluştururlar. Dolly zoom normal görsel algıyı baltalayan tedirgin edici bir özel efekttir.

"Dolly zoom" tekniğinin kullanıldığı en ünlü film Alfred Hitchcock'un 1958 tarihli Ölüm Korkusu (Vertigo)'dur. Bu nedenle bu tekniğe verilen birçok farklı isimden ikisi de "Vertigo efekt" ve "Hitchcock zoom'u" dur.

Dış bağlantılar
 Dolly zoom'u açıklayan bir kısa video
 Dolly zoom'un uygulamalı olarak anlatıldığı bir film
 Tvtropes.org'da tekniğin anlatımı ve örnekler

Kamera hareketleri
Film ve video teknolojisi
Sinema ve video terminolojisi

Dolly zoom


An Carex roraimensis in uska species han Liliopsida nga ginhulagway ni Julian Alfred Steyermark. An Carex roraimensis in nahilalakip ha genus nga Carex, ngan familia nga Cyperaceae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.

Mga kasarigan

Carex

Carex roraimensis


Die Phoenicia war ein Passagierschiff der HAPAG und gehörte zur ersten Serie der sogenannten P-Dampfer. Sie war das größte bis dahin von der Werft Blohm & Voss gebaute Schiff und mit der Baunummer 103 erst das dritte Schiff, das die Hamburger Werft im Auftrag der größten Hamburger Reederei baute.

Die Phoenicia war vor allem für den Transport von Auswanderern in die Vereinigten Staaten gebaut worden. 1905 wurde sie während des Russisch-Japanischen Krieges nach Russland verkauft. Unter dem neuen Namen Kronstadt gehörte sie zuletzt zum sogenannten Wrangel-Geschwader, das Ende 1920 in Biserta interniert wurde. 1921 wurde das Schiff von der Französischen Marine angekauft, die die ehemalige Phoenicia als Werkstattschiff unter dem Namen Vulcain nutzte, bis sie 1937 abgebrochen wurde.

Baugeschichte
Die Werft Harland & Wolff in Belfast bot 1893 der Hapag die Entwicklung neuer bedarfsgerechter Schiffstypen an. Gemeinsam entwickelte man die Kombischiffe der P-Klasse, die eine optimale Wirtschaftlichkeit versprachen. Auf der Ausreise sollten sie eine hohe Zahl von Auswanderern transportieren und bei der Rückreise neben Passagieren auch eine Vielzahl von Gütern aufnehmen können. Der Ursprungsplan sah den Transport von lebenden Tieren und von Gefrierfleisch vor. Gleichzeitig wurde vereinbart, dass Harland & Wolff Pläne für den Nachbau der Schiffe in Deutschland zur Verfügung stellen sollte. So ergingen Aufträge für zwei Schiffe an die Entwicklungswerft, die 1894 als Prussia und Persia ausgeliefert wurden. Nach abgewandelten Plänen sollten drei weitere Schiffe in Deutschland entstehen, von denen der Stettiner Vulcan die Patria und die Palatia lieferte. Den Auftrag für das vierte Schiff der Serie erhielt die aufstrebende Werft Blohm & Voss, die in der Folgezeit weitere Schiffe nach den Plänen der Belfaster Werft fertigte. Blohm & Voss hatte bis dahin nur 1889 die 2.052 BRT große Croatia und 1891 die 2.884 BRT große Virginia im Auftrag der Hapag gebaut.

Einsatz der Phoenicia bei der Hapag
Die Hapag übernahm die Phoenicia am 29. Dezember 1894 als viertes Schiff der Klasse. Am 15. Januar 1895 trat sie ihre Jungfernfahrt von Hamburg nach New York an. Die Phoenicia blieb auf dieser Strecke bis 1900 im Einsatz und führte jährlich meist acht Rundreisen durch. Auf der Ausreise wurde ab 1899 in der Regel auch Boulogne-sur-Mer angelaufen. Ihre Passagierkapazität wurde dabei kaum ausgelastet. Im Frachtbereich gab es Änderungen, da die Einfuhr von lebenden Tiere und von Gefrierfleisch in das Deutsche Reich durch die deutschen Fleischbeschaugesetze verhindert worden war. Dazu kam, dass die Hapag mit den großen P-Dampfern vom Typ der Pennsylvania und den Dampfern der A-Klasse und den ebenfalls größeren der B-Klasse, wie der Bulgaria, viel moderne Schiffe auf der Nordatlantik-Strecke neben den älteren Schnelldampfern in Dienst stellte. Die Reederei verkaufte wegen dieses großen Bestandes daher zwei der kleinen P-Dampfer 1898 nach Großbritannien; außerdem ging die Patria im November 1899 durch einen Großbrand im Kanal verloren.

Die Phoenicia wurde im Juni 1900 in Hoboken (New Jersey) Zeuge eines Großbrandes an den Kaianlagen des NDL, dem der Schnelldampfer Saale sowie die Dampfer Bremen und Main zum Opfer fielen. Rettungsbooten der Phoenicia gelang es, viele der über Bord gesprungenen Passagiere und Besatzungsmitglieder der brennend im Hudson treibenden Saale zu retten.

Am 4. August 1900 verließ die Phoenicia Wilhelmshaven als Truppentransporter nach China, als das Deutsche Reich ein großes Kontingent entsandte, um im Zusammenwirken mit anderen Staaten in China den Boxeraufstand niederzuschlagen.

1901 kehrte das Schiff auf die Nordatlantikroute zurück. Am 11. April 1902 erfolgte der erste Einsatz der Phoenicia auf der Strecke von Genua über Neapel nach New York, die sie dann zusammen mit ihrem Schwesterschiff Palatia und der Scotia (1890, 2558 BRT, ex Grimm Hansa Line) bediente. Der Erfolg der Linie veranlasste die Hapag, die moderneren und vorrangig für den Passagierdienst gebauten Prinz Oskar und Prinz Adalbert auf der Linie einzusetzen und die Phoenicia kehrte nach einer letzten Fahrt ab dem 31. Mai 1903 wieder auf ihre Stammlinie zurück.

Als im Januar 1904 die norwegische Stadt Ålesund abbrannte und 800 Holzhäuser dem Feuer zum Opfer fielen, setzte sich der Deutsche Kaiser Wilhelm II. für eine schnelle Hilfe ein, um die obdachlosen Einwohner zu versorgen. Nach dem schon am folgenden Tag eintreffenden Panzerkreuzer Prinz Heinrich und weiteren Einheiten der Marine trafen auch Handelsschiffe wie die Phoenicia mit Hilfsgütern ein und dienten vor Ort zeitweise als Wohnschiffe.

Am 29. Oktober 1904 verließ die Phoenicia letztmals den Hamburger Hafen zu einer Reise über Dover nach New York. Nach der Rückkehr von dieser Rundreise ging das inzwischen nach Russland verkaufte Schiff in die Werft, um umgebaut zu werden.

Schicksal der Schwesterschiffe

Russisches Werkstattschiff Kronstadt

Im Herbst 1904 wurde die Phoenicia an die russische Regierung verkauft und dann auf der Werft von Blohm & Voss zu einem Werkstattschiff mit dem Namen Kronstadt (russ. Кронштадт) umgebaut. Schon kurz nach der Übergabe an die Kaiserlich Russische Marine am 1. Mai 1905 erfolgte deren Niederlage bei Tsushima. Die Kronstadt wurde der russischen Schwarzmeerflotte zugeteilt.

Als deutsche Truppen in den Wirren des russischen Bürgerkriegs am 1. Mai 1918 Sewastopol besetzten und am Folgetag ein türkisches Geschwader dort einlief, prüfte man, was von den dort vorhandenen russischen Schiffen noch nutzbar sei. Die Kronstadt wurde als stationäres Werkstattschiff unter dem Namen Fleiss von der deutschen Marine in Dienst genommen. Im April 1919 wurde das Schiff dann von den Weißgardisten übernommen und erhielt wieder seinen russischen Namen Kronstadt. Mit dem sogenannten Wrangel-Geschwader verließ die Kronstadt im November 1920 die Krim und lief durch das Schwarze Meer nach Konstantinopel und dann weiter in das Mittelmeer. Ende 1920 wurde das russische Geschwader dann im französischen Marinestützpunkt Biserta (Tunesien) interniert.

Verbleib
Das 26 Jahre alte, in Biserta internierte Schiff wurde 1921 von der französischen Marine angekauft und unter dem Namen Vulcain als Werkstatt- und Ausbildungsschiff genutzt. 1937 wurde das inzwischen 43 Jahre alte Schiff verschrottet.

Literatur
 Erich Gröner: Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815–1945. Band 4: Hilfsschiffe I: Werkstattschiffe, Tender und Begleitschiffe, Tanker und Versorger, Bernard & Graefe, Bonn, 1986, ISBN 3-7637-4803-2.
 Arnold Kludas: Die Geschichte der deutschen Passagierschiffahrt. Bd. I: Die Pionierjahre von 1850 bis 1890. Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseum, Band 18
 Arnold Kludas: Die Geschichte der deutschen Passagierschiffahrt. Bd. II: Expansion auf allen Meeren 1890 bis 1900. Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseum, Band 19
 Arnold Kludas: Die Geschichte der deutschen Passagierschiffahrt. Bd. III: Sprunghaftes Wachstum 1900 bis 1914. Schriften des Deutschen Schiffahrtsmuseum, Band 20
 Hans Georg Prager: Blohm & Voss. Koehler Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford 1977, ISBN 3-7822-0127-2.
 Eberhard Urban: Dampfschiffe. Komet Verlag, Köln, ISBN 978-3-89836-812-4

Weblinks
 Postkarte der Dominion ex Prussia
 Bild der Persia
 Artikel zur Patria und ihrem Untergang

Fußnoten

Passagierschiff (Deutschland)
Hilfsschiff (Kaiserliche Marine)
Militärschiff (Russisches Kaiserreich)
Hilfsschiff (Frankreich)
Schiff (Hamburg-Amerikanische Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft)
Werkstattschiff
Dampfmaschinenschiff
Blohm + Voss

Phoenicia (Schiff)


Angèle Christine Ondo, née en 1949, est une chercheuse, spécialiste du Mvett et écrivaine gabonaise.

Biographie

Études

Angèle Christine Ondo est née en 1949 à Oyem au nord du Gabon. Elle obtient un baccalauréat littéraire au lycée Léon-M'Ba en 1973. Elle poursuit ses études à l'université de Libreville où elle obtient une licence. Elle obtient ensuite une maîtrise de lettres et le diplôme d'études approfondies à la Sorbonne en 1980. Elle rédige et soutient la thèse Formes et contenu du Mvett : d'après l'épopée orale de Zwé Nguéma  à l'Université Paris 12 en 2007, une thèse qu'elle a interrompu des années plus tôt.

Le « Mvett » est constitué par des récits guerriers qui se transmettent oralement. Les récits sont constitués de trois composantes  et sont constitutifs des traditions du groupe fang.

Carrière
Angèle Christine Ondo fait une brillante carrière de haute fonctionnaire après son retour au Gabon et l'interruption de sa thèse sur le Mvett.

Elle entre ensuite dans le gouvernement, de 1991 à 1994, en qualité de ministre de la Communication, des postes et télécommunications, puis de ministre des Affaires sociales et de la Sécurité sociale. Elle met fin à sa carrière politique en 2001 pour reprendre ses recherches sur le Mvett et s'inscrit à Paris pour travailler sur le Mvett Oral et Initiatique. Elle mène depuis des recherches pour accéder au sens du Mvett. Angèle Christine Ondo devient l'unique spécialiste de Mvett en Afrique Centrale.

Elle participe à la transmission et la vulgarisation à l'humanité de cet art, auparavant réservé à un cercle fermé réservé uniquement aux hommes. Elle enseigne pendant douze ans la poétique des textes oraux à l'Université Omar Bongo de Libreville; et publie plusieurs ouvrages sur le Mvett. Angèle Christine Ondo a également créé et présidé plusieurs associations œuvrant pour l'amélioration de la condition des femmes. Elle est membre de l'association Mvettologie du Gabon.

Le 31 juillet 2018 elle figure parmi les figures emblématiques de femmes célébrées par le mouvement féministe «l'Appel des mille et une» durant la 55e édition de la journée internationale de la femme Africaine (Jifa).

Publications
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 .
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Bibliographie

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 .
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Notes et références

Liens externes

Femme de lettres gabonaise
Naissance en 1949
Naissance à Oyem

Angèle Christine Ondo


Summer Fontana née le  dans l'Ohio, États-Unis est une actrice américaine. Elle a joué dans la série The Originals rôle de Hope Andrea Mikaelson dans la quatrième saison et a donné sa voix pour interpréter Ella Bella dans l'animé Ella Bella Bingo.

Biographie

Carrière

Elle a joué dans la série The Originals dans la saison 4 à l'âge de 6 ans pour interpréter Hope Andrea Mikaelson

Filmographie

Films

 2019 : X-Men: Dark Phoenix : Jean Grey à 8 ans
 2020 : Wish Upon a Unicorn : Emma Dindal

Séries
 2015 : The Seers : Student 3
 2017 - 2018 : The Originals : Hope Andrea Mikaelson (enfant) (principale saison 4, invité saison 5)
 2020 : The Magicians : Fillory Kid
 2020 : The Outsider : Maya Maitland
 2021 : Legacies : Hope Mikaelson (enfant) (saison 3, épisode 15 et saison 4, épisode 5 (flashback))

Doublage
 2019 :  : Ella Bella

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance dans l'Ohio
Personnalité liée à l'Ohio
Actrice américaine de cinéma
Actrice américaine de télévision

Summer Fontana


El Arroyo Don Esteban o Don Esteban Grande es un curso de agua uruguayo que atraviesa el departamento de Río Negro perteneciente a la cuenca hidrográfica del Río de la Plata.

Nace en la Cuchilla de Haedo y desemboca en el río Negro tras recorrer alrededor de 71 km.

Referencias

Cuenca del río Negro (Uruguay)
Don Esteban
Don Esteban

Arroyo Don Esteban